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Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f15fb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #50927 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50927) diff --git a/old/50927-0.txt b/old/50927-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index af3c3c2..0000000 --- a/old/50927-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11245 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Scientific American Architects and Builders -Edition, No. 26, Dec, 1887, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Scientific American Architects and Builders Edition, No. 26, Dec, 1887 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: January 14, 2016 [EBook #50927] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, DEC. 1887 *** - - - - -Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Brian Wilcox and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -Transcriber’s Notes: Italic text is marked _thus_. Bold text is marked -=thus=. The original accentuation, punctuation spelling and hyphenation -has been retained. On the first page there is mention of ‘One Large -Sheet of Details’, which unfortunately is unavailable. It may have been -lost or perhaps was never printed. - - - - -[Illustration: - -Scientific American - -Architects and Builders Edition. - -No. 26 - - With Two Supplements consisting of - Two Plates in Colors and One Large Sheet of Details. - -DECEMBER, 1887 Single Copies, 25 Cents.—$2.50 a Year - -COPYRIGHTED, 1887, BY MUNN & CO. - - New York: Published by MUNN & CO., - 361 Broadway, corner Franklin Street.] - - - - -ECONOMIC ✠ GAS ✠ ENGINES. - - -Best in principle, workmanship, and materials. An unequalled small -Motor adapted to all uses. When the Motor is not at work, the expense -of running it ceases. Simple, Safe, Economical, Durable. No extra -Insurance required. - -PLUMBERS’ GAS ENGINE. - -Especially adapted for pumping water in =Private= and =Apartment -Houses=, =Flats=, SMALL HOTELS, and many other places. - -[Illustration: No. 6. 1 Man.] - -Capacity 250 Gallons, 50 feet high, per hour. - -LARGER SIZES. - - No. 7. One‐Half Horse, 600 Gallons, 50 feet High, per Hour. - No. 8. One Horse, – 1,500 „ „ „ „ - -GASOLINE GAS ENGINES. - - No. 15. One Man, – 300 Gallons, 50 feet High, per Hour. - No. 16. One‐Half Horse, 600 „ „ „ „ - No. 18, One Horse, – 1,500 „ „ „ „ - -Four Sizes, from Motor for Sewing Machine or Dental Engine to One Horse -Power. - -Our Gas Engines will work satisfactorily when attached to Gasoline -Machines. - -SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. - - Economic Gas Engine Co., - Office and Salesroom, 34 DEY ST., NEW YORK. - - - - -[Illustration: STAR HACK SAW. No. 2.] - -This Saw is much harder than a file, and will cut iron almost as fast -as it will wood. One saw blade will cut off a bar of half‐inch round -iron one hundred times. The blade is eight inches long, and will do -most of the sawing required about a house, shop, or farm. The Patent -Frame is made of steel, polished and nickel plated. It will face the -saw in four directions, as desired. Frame and twelve Saw Blades sent -by mail, postage prepaid, on receipt of $1.50. Hardware dealers will -furnish them at the same price. All genuine goods are marked with a -star and bear our name. We also have full control of the Star Bracket -Saws, and warrant them to be better than any imported blades. - -MILLER’S FALLS CO., 93 Reade Street, New York. - - - - -A FIRST CLASS OFFICE BUILDING SHOULD BE FURNISHED WITH -A U. S. MAIL CHUTE -(PAT’D.) Connecting EVERY STORY with -THE U. S. MAIL BOX. - -ADDRESS FOR CIRCULARS, &c., - -CUTLER MF’G. CO. - -“A NECESSITY.” - -Sole Makers, ROCHESTER, N. Y. - - - - -THE OTIS TUBULAR FEED WATER HEATER - -[Illustration: Feed Water Heater.] - -With Seamless Brass Tubes and the most recent improvements. - -Specially adapted for utilizing the exhaust steam of - -ELEVATOR PUMPS, - -both Passenger and Freight, to heat the Feed Water for the boilers. - -We guarantee one square foot of heating surface per horse power. - -We can give reference from Heaters already in operation under the same -conditions, giving the best of satisfaction. - - MANUFACTURED - BY - Stewart Heater - COMPANY, - 40 & 42 Clinton Street, - BUFFALO, N. Y. - - - - -[Illustration: Desk.] - - DESKS - AND - OFFICE - FURNITURE - _In Great Variety_ - MANUFACTURED BY - T. G. SELLEW, - 111 Fulton Street, - NEW YORK. - - - - - THE JACKSON - Heat‐Saving & Ventilating Grate - COMBINED - GRATE and FURNACE. - -HEATING on ONE or TWO Floors. - -[Illustration: Fireplace.] - -Greatest variety of rich and chaste designs in plain or oxidized Iron, -Steel, Nickel‐Plate, Electro‐Bronze, Solid Brass or Bronze. Largest -rooms in coldest climates thoroughly heated. Out‐door air warmed by -the heat wasted in ordinary grates, and introduced, producing perfect -ventilation and equable temperature, without drafts. In use everywhere. - -Illustrated Catalogues. - -EDWIN A. JACKSON & BRO., 77 Beekman St., New York. - - - - - ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS! - ATTENTION IS CALLED TO - ADVERTISEMENT ON PAGE iii. - FRANK B. MALLORY. - - - - - SPECIFICATIONS SHOULD INCLUDE - Folsom’s Patent Roof Snow‐Guards - - [Illustration: Snow Guards.] - - ——300,000 IN USE.—— - Address, =JOHN H. HILLER, 1408 Tremont St., Boston.= - - - - -Solid Braided Cotton Sash Cord. - -[Illustration: Sash Cord.] - -The =“SAMSON”= Window Line does not wear out. Save the annoyance -of broken cords. Samples free on application to the manufacturers. - -J. P. TOLMAN & CO., 164 High Street, Boston, Mass. - - - - -THE Asbestos Packing Co. - -[Illustration: - - ASBESTOS REMOVEABLE COVERING - BOSTONITE - ASBESTOS FLOORING FELT &c. - No. 1 WAREPROOF SHEATHING - THE A. P. Co. 3 PLY ROOFING - ASBESTOS CEMENT FELTING - ROOFING PITCH -] - - OFFICES: - 169 Congress St., Boston. - 33 John St., New York. - - - - -BRUSH - -Electric Lights. - -Incandescence Lights for Apartment Houses and Residences furnished by - -THE BRUSH ELECTRIC COMPANY, - -CLEVELAND, OHIO. - - NEW YORK OFFICE: No. 36 Union Square. - CHICAGO OFFICE: No. 130 Washington Street. - ST. LOUIS OFFICE: No. 404 Market Street. - DETROIT OFFICE: No. 88 Griswold Street. - -SEND FOR CATALOGUE No. 8. - - - - -SCHUMACHER & ETTLINGER, LITHOGRAPHERS, - - 32, 34 and 36 Bleecker and 311 Mott Streets, - NEW YORK. - -FINE COLOR WORK A SPECIALTY. - - - - -STANLEY RULE & LEVEL CO., - -MANUFACTURERS OF IMPROVED CARPENTERS’ TOOLS. - - FACTORIES: - NEW BRITAIN, - CONN. - -SOLD BY ALL HARDWARE DEALERS. - -[Illustration: - -Stanley’s Universal Hand Beader.] - -For Beading, Reeding or Fluting, and for all kinds of light Routering, -this tool is invaluable to wood‐workers. - -Seven superior steel cutters go with each tool. Both ends are -sharpened, thus embracing six ordinary sizes of Beads, four sets of -Reeds, two Fluters and a double Router Iron (⅛ and ¼ inch). - -=No. 66 Iron stock with seven Steel Cutters, $1.00.= - - - - -[Illustration: Scientific American -ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS EDITION. - -Entered at the Post Office of - -New York as Second Class Matter. - -Vol. IV. - -Subscription, $2.50 a Year. - -NEW YORK, DECEMBER, 1887. - -Single Copies, 25 Cents. - -No. 6.] - - - - -THE SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL AT STRATFORD‐UPON‐AVON. - - -The American veneration for the birthplace of Shakespeare is well -known, and it has just taken practical shape by the presentation to -the town of a public drinking fountain and clock tower, the gift -of an American citizen, Mr. George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, in -commemoration of the jubilee of Queen Victoria. The memorial has -been erected in Rother Street, a broad open space near the center of -the town, where several thoroughfares converge, and where the annual -statute fairs or “mops” take place. The structure is handsome and -imposing, and is built of Peterhead granite (for the fountain) and -of hard freestone (for the clock tower). The base of the tower is -square, with projecting buttresses at the four corners, terminating -in acutely pointed gablets, surmounted by a lion bearing the arms of -Great Britain alternately with the American eagle and the stars and -stripes. Appropriate inscriptions are engraved on the four sides of -the memorial. The tower terminates in a spire, beneath and surrounding -which are smaller spires and turrets. The whole height of the structure -is fifty feet. The architect is Mr. Jethro A. Cossins, of Birmingham. -The ceremony of inaugurating the fountain was performed on Monday, -October 17, by Mr. Henry Irving, in the presence of the Mayor (Sir -Arthur Hodgson, K.C.M.G.), the corporation, and a distinguished -company of visitors. Sympathetic letters were read from Mr. J. Russell -Lowell and Mr. Whittier; and speeches were delivered by Mr. Irving, -by Mr. Phelps, the American Minister, Mr. Walter, of the _Times_, Sir -Theodore Martin, and others.—_London Graphic_. - - -[Illustration: THE SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL AT STRATFORD‐UPON‐AVON.] - - - - -Optical Refinements in Architecture. - - -Many architects look upon all refinements of line and curve as so much -waste time, and would as soon think of referring to the original Latin -of Vitruvius for rules in proportioning their rooms as to consult and -apply the corrections of the Parthenon to their buildings. In sketching -out his design to a small scale on a sheet of Whatman’s drawing paper, -the architect does so without any further thought than to produce -a convenient plan or a well grouped elevation. Any infinitesimal -correction to the straight line or entasis would be inappreciable to -the naked eye on the surface of paper the inequalities of which would -render it worthless; nor does he take much trouble in the proportions -of his rooms, so long as they look right and fit well. If such -refinements are to be made, they should be shown in large drawings, -or set out to the full size on the works by proper rules and other -instruments. The task is laborious and troublesome, and contract prices -are little in sympathy with such niceties of adjustment. Even of the -more practicable mode of adopting certain ratios and proportions, the -architect does not avail himself very much. - -We do not say that every horizontal beam—such as an entablature -supported by columns at intervals—ought to be “corrected” by the -application of a parabolic curve, or that every string course and -cornice should be arranged to curve or bend upward; but we contend that -these refinements ought to be made in interiors wherever the lines -are long, and contrasting lines and surfaces occur in juxtaposition; -that they are, in truth, applying precisely the same principle of -correction as the colorist or decorator would apply when he takes care -to juxtapose two colors or shades which shall be complementary to or -harmonize with each other. - -It is painful to witness in modern buildings a perfect ignoring of -these principles of design. We go into a public hall or concert room, -and take our seat. The flat coffered ceiling appears to be literally -bending or falling upon our heads. To make the impression still more -apparent, the architect has introduced a circular or flatly curved arch -over the orchestral recess. If the ceiling is a flat curve, as it often -is, the trusses are, perhaps, brought down below and incased, their -lower edges being made perfectly horizontal, the two lines serving -to increase the difference between them; in other words, to make the -trusses look as if they were deflecting. - -Mr. Pennethorne, some years ago, showed that the masses of the temples -of Athens and Rome were designed on perspective principles—that is -to say, the masses and many of the details were designed as they -were intended to be viewed. The point of sight was always before the -architect—that is to say, he studied the effect of his entablatures, -abaci, and other masses of details from points of view that were -likely to be frequented. It is well known that the various sections -through the Doric capitals, the mouldings, and other parts of Athenian -buildings, were composed of different arcs of the conic sections. -Mr. Pennethorne says that the Greek entablature is perspectively -proportioned and arranged to suit the given points of sight thus: The -apparent height of entablature is measured in seconds upon the arc of -a great circle. “Then, dividing this whole apparent height into some -given number of aliquot parts, measured also in seconds, the apparent -height of the architrave, of the frieze, and cornice will, in each -case, be a multiple of this given modulus. Again, by dividing the first -modulus into a given number of apparent aliquot parts, a second modulus -is obtained, by which the apparent heights of all the details of the -cornice of architrave and frieze will be regulated, and the true lineal -heights are then all determined by trigonometrical calculations.” In -short, all the visible heights of features are, upon this principle, -regulated from a given point, the real elevational height of each part -being afterward found. - -This system of proportion would probably entail too much labor upon -the architect to work out with any accuracy, and may be looked upon as -chimerical. But we see instances every day of positive ignorance of -these principles, especially in the designing of mouldings, projecting -features, and towers. If the architect is too impatient to make nice -corrections in the manner we have pointed out, he ought at least to -take the trouble necessary to regulate his heights and masses before -inking in his elevations. Sketching in perspective is a valuable -auxiliary in designing roughly the masses of a building; but some more -accurate method is required in perspectively setting out the heights of -stories, entablatures, parapets, towers, and other features. This can -only be done by adjusting all heights from a given point of sight, or -upon the arc of a circle described from the said point. An elevation is -misleading, as every architect knows who has suffered disappointment -after the building is finished. It only gives vertical heights, which -may be very much curtailed or foreshortened in the actual view of the -building from the opposite side of the street, for example. - -Many towers and spires have been spoiled by designing them in elevation -instead of at the angle. In broach spires we find a want of care in -one particular above the others. The broach is designed on the level. -The hips of the broach are made to look gentle in elevation, but when -raised above the eye 60 or 100 feet, they become so depressed as to -give a very ungraceful and abrupt springing to the spire. - -We may instance the want of entasis to spires and columns. Every one -who has a critical sense of vision must have observed the apparent -weakness there is in a spire that has perfectly straight sides, when -compared with one which has been entasised, and the same with all -columns. Here also the method to insure the correction can be easily -applied. The more important of these refinements are capable of being -made at the initial stage of design, without recourse to decimals -of two or three removes from the decimal point, or to mathematical -calculations.—_Abstract from the Building News_. - - - - -Testing Pile‐Protecting Compounds. - - -In 1882 several piles, coated with various patent anti‐teredo -coverings, were driven in the harbor of San Francisco for the purpose -of testing them. Recently Engineer Manson began pulling up the piles in -order to see the result of the experiments. A pile coated with Pearce’s -compound, composed of paraffine, limestone, kaolin, etc., was found -to be completely honeycombed by the teredos. The eucalyptus and cedar -piles were also nearly destroyed. In 1884 the two piles incased by A. -W. Von Schmidt in sewer pipe and cement, the twenty‐three coated by -Frank Shay with asphalt and wire cloth, the ten of McKeon & Co., coated -with warm cement containing a poisonous substance, and those of W. H. -Hayes, coated with Portland cement, etc., were examined by Colonel -Mendel and Mr. Manson. All showed signs of having proved failures. The -insect is ahead of the inventors up to date. - - - - -A Tower on the Mount of Olives. - - -The tower which is being erected by the Russians on the highest point -of the Mount of Olives is already several stories high, but one -more is to be added. The object is to make it so high that both the -Mediterranean and the Dead Sea may be seen from the top. A number of -bells will be placed in the tower. In digging the foundation, several -Christian graves were found, together with an inscription in Greek, in -which the word “Stephanus” could yet be deciphered. - - - - -Scientific American. - -ESTABLISHED 1845. - -MUNN & CO., Editors and Proprietors, - -No. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. - - O. D. MUNN. A. E. BEACH. - -NEW YORK, DECEMBER, 1887. - - - THE - SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, - ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS EDITION. - - -=$2.50 a Year, Single Copies, 25 cents.= - -This is a Special Edition of THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, issued monthly. -Each number contains about forty large quarto pages, forming, -practically, a large and splendid =Magazine of Architecture=, richly -adorned with _elegant plates in colors_ and with fine engravings; -illustrating the most interesting examples of modern Architectural -Construction and allied subjects. - -A special feature is the presentation in each number of a variety of -the latest and best plans for private residences, city and country, -including those of very moderate cost as well as the more expensive. -Drawings in perspective and in color are given, together with full -Plans, Specifications, Costs, Bills of Estimate, and Sheets of Details. - -No other building paper contains so many plans, details, and -specifications regularly presented as the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. -Hundreds of dwellings have already been erected on the various plans we -have issued, and many others are in process of construction. - -All who contemplate building or improving homes, of erecting structures -of any kind, have before them in this work an almost _endless series -of the latest and best examples_ from which to make selections, thus -saving time and money. - -Many other subjects, including Sewerage, Piping, Lighting, Warming, -Ventilating, Decorating, Laying Out of Grounds, etc., are illustrated. -An extensive Compendium of Manufacturers’ Announcements is also given, -in which the most reliable and approved Building Materials, Goods, -Machines, Tools, and Appliances are described and illustrated, with -addresses of the makers, etc. - -The fullness, richness, cheapness, and convenience of this work -have won for it the =Largest Circulation= of any Architectural -publication in the world. - -=An Increase of Trade= will necessarily accrue to all -Manufacturers and Dealers whose establishments are conspicuously -represented in this important edition of THE SCIENTIFIC -AMERICAN. Terms for advertising very moderate. A card of rates -sent on application. - -=Bound Volumes=.—Two volumes are published annually. Volumes -1, 2, 3, and 4, which include all the numbers of this work from -commencement to close of 1887, may now be obtained at this office -or from Booksellers and Newsdealers. Price, bound in paper, $1.50 -per volume. These volumes contain all the colored plates, sheets -of details, specifications, and all the other interesting matter -pertaining to the work. They are of great permanent value. Forwarded to -any address. - - =MUNN & CO., Publishers=, - 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. - -For additional information concerning any of the plans or buildings -illustrated in these pages, address MUNN & CO., as above. - - -=CONCERNING AGENTS=. - -Customers who pay money to subscription agents or brokers do so -at their own risk. Care should be taken to deal only with known, -responsible, and reliable parties. We send no papers until we receive -the subscription price; and no person is authorized to represent us, -act for us, or receipt for us. - -MUNN & CO., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York. - - - - -=CONTENTS= - -Of the December number of the ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS EDITION -of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. - -(Illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk.) - - - Arch construction 131 - - Architectural era 129 - - Architecture, optical refinements in 119 - - Ash, white 125 - - Bamboo tree 123 - - Bathing establishment and casino in Vittel (Vosges)* 134 - - Beams, iron, in place of wood 133 - - Board, sounding, in St. Paul’s Cathedral 142 - - Books for architects, builders, etc xiii - - Bricks, fire 126 - - Building, a great 140 - - Cement, Portland 126 - - Charleston, S. C., building in 139 - - Chateau at Castelnaudary* 130 - - Chimes for churches, new form of* 132 - - Chimes, tube 132 - - Chimneys, removal of 132 - - Church, unsafe 126 - - College for women, the John Crouse memorial* 139 - - Compounds, pile protecting, testing 119 - - Correction, a 120 - - Cottage, a French* 122 - - Cottage for $4,200* 136, 140 - - Cottage, sketch for a* 135 - - Drain pipes and wells 130 - - Dwelling, a $4,200* 138 - - Dwelling of moderate cost* 120 - - Dwellings at Glenridge* 126 - - Engine, Charter gas and gasoline 142 - - Fever, typhoid, carried by well water 126 - - Fireproof structures* 124 - - Fireside, cheerful, how to make* 142 - - Flues, chimney, construction of 124 - - Forestry problem, our 122 - - Foundations in wet ground 142 - - Furnace, hot air, the “Fortune”* 142 - - Gangways vs. staircases 133 - - Grown, how we have 135 - - Heater, Wainwright* 142 - - Hemlock 127 - - Home, Florence Nightingale’s* 132 - - Homes of factory operatives* 133 - - House, $2,500 California* 128 - - Ice house, how to build 130 - - Ink, marking, blue 129 - - Keystones, ornamental* 125 - - Library, curious 138 - - Memorial, Shakespeare, at Stratford‐upon‐Avon* 119 - - Mortar, sugar 122 - - Nails 130 - - Notes and queries vi, x - - Painting 132 - - Pavements, cedar 127 - - Pine woods 134 - - Planer, improved double surface* 142 - - Plants for room decoration 141 - - Plate, roofing, a large contract for 120 - - Plumbing, not defective 142 - - Protection, fire 140 - - Rabbit remedy 130 - - Readers and patrons, to our 120 - - Residence, a suburban* 121 - - Residence for $5,000* 137, 140 - - Residence for $8,000* 123 - - Roburite—a new explosive* 133 - - Roofing plate, contract for, large 120 - - Rooms, proportions of 140 - - Saw, band, hand and foot power* 142 - - Sawdust 125 - - Stable costing $5,500* 140 - - Statue, marble, how made 139 - - Suggestion, a good 135 - - Temple, Egyptian 124 - - Tower on the Mount of Olives 119 - - Trees, roadside, in Belgium 124 - - Victory, tower of 135 - - Walls of burning buildings, collapse of 127 - - Walter, Thomas Ustick 134 - - Yard, back, the 134 - - - - -TO OUR READERS AND PATRONS. - - -The present number closes our fourth volume and brings us to the end of -another year. Many subscriptions now terminate, and we ask our patrons -to be prompt in sending their renewals, thus avoiding the loss of any -numbers. The terms are only $2.50 a year. - -Considering the wealth of illustration, the variety and value of -information presented, this work is by far the cheapest of anything in -the same line. - -To builders, and those contemplating the erection of dwellings or other -structures, our paper has proved to be of great value. - -With every number, during the past two years, we have given plates -in colors of many new buildings, with specifications, accompanied by -extra special sheets of details. In most cases these have been so -complete as to enable the builder and contractor to proceed at once -with the construction; and on the plans thus presented, thousands of -new buildings have been erected in all parts of the country. In almost -every town in the land attractive dwellings are now to be seen, which, -on inquiry, will be found to have been built from SCIENTIFIC -AMERICAN plans. - -No architectural publication in the world presents to its patrons -so many practical specifications and drawings without cost, except -the merely nominal subscription rate of $2.50 a year. It is hardly -necessary to remind the builder that he would be obliged to pay several -hundred dollars if the same number of plans were to be specially -prepared for him. - -In addition to the colored plates, details, and specifications, we have -furnished a large number of other new architectural illustrations and -many pages of valuable information. In all, the past year’s volumes -include about one thousand engravings. - -We remind our readers of these items with the hope they will mention -them to their friends, and, if possible to secure a new subscription, -to send it in with the renewal of their own. - -Our aim is to improve and enlarge the sphere of work, rendering it more -and more valuable. To this end we need the support and encouragement of -as many subscribers as possible. If each one of our friends will do a -little for us in this direction, all the parties concerned will derive -benefit. - -If any of readers have inquiries to be answered, or suggestions to -make, relating to subjects or features they would like to see treated -in our paper, we shall, at all times, be pleased to hear from them. - -Architects and builders who desire to see their plans reproduced in our -pages are also invited to communicate with the editor. - - -A CORRECTION. - -In our November number an error was made in the estimate given for the -$2,500 house illustrated in our colored plate. The cost should have -been stated at $3,400. In some way the bill for mason work and painting -was omitted. These additions and other modifications bring the cost up -to the above sum. - - -A SUBURBAN RESIDENCE. - -One of our colored plates this month represents a suburban dwelling -built of dark trap rock, trimmed with buff brick, and roofed with -ornamental stamped iron plates. It is now being constructed in New -Jersey, by days’ work, at a cost of about $9,250. The following is an -abstract from the - - -SPECIFICATIONS. - -MASON WORK. - -_Excavating._—Excavation under the entire house to a depth of about 4′. - -_Cellar Walls._—Cellar walls built of good sized trap rock. All -necessary bluestone sills, cellar steps, and copings, fine tooled -brownstone steps for stoops, also fine tooled brownstone sills for the -doors and windows above cellar. - -_Walls._—All stone walls above cellar are medium sized trap rock and -well selected, pointed with black mortar. - -_Brick Trimmings._—Buff brick used for trimmings, as shown on the -plans, laid in mortar same color as brick. - -_Chimneys._—Chimneys built of trap rock and buff brick, and topped out -as shown on the plans. - -_Fireplaces._—Fireplaces built where shown, of white fire brick, and -the hearths laid in tile. - -_Stone Steps._—Stone steps from main entrance to ground. - -_Porch Floor._—Porch floor is cemented with Portland cement. - -_Cementing._—The entire cellar bottom is cemented 3” thick with -concrete and Portland cement. - -_Plastering._—The entire first and second stories are plastered -three‐coat work, hard finished. Cornices in principal part of first -story and second story hall. Center pieces in rooms to correspond. - - -CARPENTRY. - -_Timber._—Timber all well seasoned spruce. Floor timbers, 2″ × 10″, -12″ on centers. Studding, 3″ × 4″. Main rafters, 2″ × 8″, 24″ on center. - -_Cornice._—The cornice is formed of wood heavily moulded. - -_Roof._—The rafters are covered with hemlock boards, then covered with -ornamental iron plates laid on tar felt. Valleys and gutters, XX tin. -Leaders, galvanized iron. The ridge is ornamental iron work. - -_Floors._—The floors throughout are double. The upper floors are -narrow white pine, except hall and kitchen. The hall is narrow oak, the -kitchen narrow white maple, the bath rooms are white maple. The main -hall is paneled wainscot, 4′ high. Kitchen and bath rooms wainscoted -with narrow beaded strips of maple. The trimmings throughout, except -main hall, will be selected white pine. Hall to be of white oak. Doors -to be six paneled. Main stairs and balustrade to be white oak. Others -stairs white pine, with Georgia pine treads. Inside blinds throughout. -Plain bronze hardware on principal part of first story. Jet and bronze -for balance. - -_Painting._—The wood and iron work on the outside will be painted -three coats. The inside will be wood filled and have two coats of hard -oil. - -_Plumbing._—The apparatus for plumbing work located as shown on the -plans. To be piped and arranged for water pressure. - -_Range._—The kitchen to have an approved low down range, fitted in -fireplace. - -_Heater._—There will be placed in the cellar a No. 14 combination -steam and hot air heater. - - -ESTIMATE OF COST. - - Mason work, complete $4,400 - Carpenter and roof work 3,400 - Painting 200 - Plumbing, gas pipes, etc. 650 - Steam heating 600 - —————— - $9,250 - - -A LARGE CONTRACT FOR ROOFING PLATE. - -The interesting picture of the Western Tennessee Hospital for the -Insane, at Bolivar, in that State, which will be found in our -advertising pages, will command the attention of humanitarians and -administrators everywhere. Such buildings, devoted to such purposes, -are not frequently to be met with. The announcement made in connection -therewith, that the Alderly brand of square Terne plate was selected by -the commissioners for the roof, gutters, and valleys of the structure, -requiring over 1,000 boxes of roofing plate, presents, in a forcible -way, the claims of that article. It is manufactured and sold by Messrs. -Gummey, Spering, Ingram & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa., and Liverpool, -England. - - - - -A DWELLING OF MODERATE COST. - - -This cottage is built in Plymouth Park, Buzzard’s Bay, near Wareham, -Mass., one of the most charming locations on the New England coast. -From the veranda a beautiful view is obtained of the bay and coast. -The cottage is erected on one of the knolls (which is one of the -features of the park), and has for a background a grove of pine and -oak trees. The shingles are treated with “Cabot’s creosote stains” of -the following colors: On roofs, a steel gray, and on sides, sienna. -The clapboards are painted a light olive green and trimmed with bronze -green and Indian red. The studs of hall, dining room, and parlor are -exposed, and together with underboarding and beams overhead are planed -and sand‐papered, and all woodwork is given two coats of shellac of -light finish. The second floor is plastered (sand finish). The contract -price for cottage was $2,800 complete. The architect is Chas. E. -Miller, 149 Broadway, N. Y. - - -SPECIFICATION. - -GENERAL CONDITIONS. - -The contractor is to give his personal superintendence to the work, -and to furnish all transportation, labor, materials, apparatus, -scaffolding, and utensils needful for performing the work in the -best workmanlike manner, according to the true intent and meaning -of the drawings and these specifications, which are intended to be -co‐operative, and when anything is shown on plans and not mentioned in -specification, or vice versa, the same is to be furnished as though -it were both shown and specified. This specification and the drawings -annexed are intended to include everything requisite to the proper -and entire finishing of carpenter’s, mason’s, and plumber’s work, and -the same shall be furnished, notwithstanding every item necessarily -involved in the above words is not particularly mentioned. - -All work when finished is to be delivered up in an undamaged state, -without exception, except where otherwise specified, all materials to -be of their respective kinds, and all labor to be done in the best -workmanlike manner, to the full satisfaction of owner. Should the -contractor introduce, at any time, materials different from the sort -and quality herein specified, the same shall be removed and made good -at the contractor’s expense. - -The contractor will be held responsible for all portions of the work -let to him. - -The contractor shall make no alterations of the drawings or -specification, but should any error or inconsistency appear in these, -it shall be the duty of the contractor to duly notify architect, who -will make proper adjustment. The contractor is to give to the proper -authorities all requisite notices of the work in his charge, obtain -official permits and licenses for temporary obstructions and pay all -proper fees for the same, and to be solely answerable for all damage -to neighboring premises or to the person or property of the public by -himself or his men or through any operatives under his charge, whether -in contract or extra work. Contractor is to protect his work from frost -until building is finished, and is to cart away all rubbish and leave -the whole broom clean. All drawings, etc., are to be returned to the -architect, and are not to be used for any other building. - - -CARPENTER. - -_Scantling._—Sills over piers 6″ × 8″, sills that rest on stone wall -4″ × 6″, all to be halved and pinned at angles. Plates 4″ × 4″, posts -4″ × 6″, girts 4″ × 4″, braces 2″ × 4″, studding 2″ × 4″. The studding -of hall, parlor, and dining room to be planed and chamfered. - -Partition caps 2″ × 4″ to be planed in the above rooms. Soles 2″ × 4″ -as well. First floor beams 2″ × 8″, 16″ on centers. Second floor 2″ -× 8″, 16″ on centers, and to be dressed when exposed in above rooms. -Attic beams 2″ × 8″, 16″ on centers. All beams under partitions to be -doubled and spiked. Trimmers ditto. - -_Main Roof._—Rafters 2″ × 8″, 2′ on centers. Valley rafters 3″ × 10″. - -_Veranda._—Girders 4″ × 8″, floor beams 2″ × 6″, 2′ on centers. -Rafters 2″ × 6″ (dressed). Posts constructed of studs. Hemlock boards -and shingles. Veranda roof timber will be exposed and dressed, floor to -be merchantable yellow pine, free from large loose knots, shakes, or -sap. Balcony floors to be covered with heavy canvas and slushed over -with metallic paint, to be graded away from wall of house. - -_Framing._—The house to be framed and braced in a perfect and -substantial manner, and to be perfectly plumb and true. All beams to be -spiked together where practicable, so as to form tie across building. -All framing of beams to be with tenon and tusk. Roofs strongly framed -and cross bridges, first and third tier of beams. Gutters on roof to be -hung of galvanized iron. Veranda to be built in and lined with Merchant -& Company’s roofing tin (or plates). There will be three 4″ galvanized -iron leaders for main roof, and one in front for veranda. (See plans.) - -_Gables._—Construct gables as shown. - -_Roofing._—Cover all roofs with sawed pine shingles 6″ × 18″, three -shingles to the lap. On main roofs these to be nailed on shingle laths; -on veranda roofs, on spruce boards, underside dressed (as specified). -Flashing of Merchant & Company’s old method roofing plates. Flash -around chimney, valleys, and junction of roofs with walls of house. - -_Walls._—The walls of hall, dining room, and parlor to be covered with -good ⅞″ pine boards dressed on exposed side; all other underboarding -to be of hemlock of even thickness. Over this cover walls with felt -paper, and then on first story cover paper with clear pine clapboards -5″ to weather. Above felt cover paper with 6″ × 16″ sawed pine shingles -not more than 6″ to weather. Between partitions of hall, dining room, -and parlor fit ⅞″ pine boards, dressed on both sides, with ¼ round -mould to keep panel in place; the sheathing on other sides of room -dressed on one side; boards not more than 5″ wide. - -_Bases._—Form base as shown of 1½″ thick pine. - -_Casings._—1¼″ thick and 2″ wide. - -_Furring._—Fur out the walls of stairs to cellar (corner boards to be -4″ wide, 1¼″ thick; put on angle beads where necessary). - -_Outside Step._—⅞″ thick riser, 1¼″ thick tread. - -_Flooring._—First and second floors to be made of good T. and G. -yellow pine in rooms over hall, parlor, and dining room; to be dressed -on both sides; third floor spruce; all to be not more than 5″ wide. - -_Partitions._—Set the partitions between hall, parlor, dining room, -pantry, kitchen, and cellar stairs with 2″ × 4″ spruce, studs dressed -and chamfered. (_Note._—This is to be done so as to make a uniform -appearance in hall, dining room, and parlor.) Studs of all other -partitions of hemlock. Construct woodwork between piers, as shown. - -_Interior Stock._—All the stock for inside finish to be best quality, -well seasoned, smoothed, and sand‐papered, and, unless otherwise -specified, of white pine. Hardwood saddles for all hearths and door -openings. - -_Architraves._—All doors and windows to have ⅞″ × 5″ plain -architrave with moulding and bead on ends. No splicing allowed. - -_Doors._—Front door to be 2″ thick, of design shown (cherry). All other -doors to have 1⅝″ thick four paneled stock door (local manufacture), -and, unless otherwise shown, to be 2′ 6″ × 7′ 6″. The openings from -hall to parlor and dining room to be: hall and parlor, 7′ × 7′ 6″; hall -and dining room, 6′ × 7′ 6″. Bases 6″ high, moulded (in bed rooms, -closets, and pantries). - -_Door Frames._—All door frames to have 1⅛″ thick jamb, with stops -nailed on. - -_Window Frames._—All windows, unless otherwise shown, to have box -frames with pockets; sills to have sub‐sill, upper sill, plowed, etc., -and given proper pitch. - -_Sashes._—All sashes to be 1⅝″ thick, with lights as shown, and to -have moulded sash bars. All sliding sashes to be double hung, the best -steel axle pulleys, hemp sash cords, and iron weights. Cellar windows -to have plank frame hinged at top. Casements to be hinged and have -spring catches. - -_Bath Room._—Sheathe up sides of bath tub, riser of water closet and -basin, with clear white pine ⅝″ thick; wainscoating of bath room of -same stuff 4′ 6″ high with neat mould on top. Make a batten door under -basin with catch, etc. Door in riser of and in top of water closet and -bath to be black walnut put on with brass screws. - -_Closets._—Fit up closets, except as otherwise specified, with one -shelf, and cleat under for books. Bed room in attic to be furred as -shown. - -_Dressers._—Fit up dresser in kitchen of clear white pine, glass doors -at top and drawers and cupboards under; dressers in pantry to be the -same. - -_Blinds._—Provide and hang to all windows of first and second floors -1¼″ outside blinds of two folds properly hinged, and having rolling -slats. - -_Base Knobs._—To all doors, and to have rubber tips. - -_Hardware._—Butts.—All doors to be properly hung with japanned butts -of requisite sizes. Locks.—The front door to be supplied with brass -faced mortise, patent reversible front door knob lock with night work, -with two keys to each combination, and brass striking plate. All other -doors (except closets) to have 4″ mortised locks, brass face and brass -striking plate. Closets to have rim locks. All locks to have brass -keys. Knobs.—The front door to have a plain 2½″ round bronze knob, -with bronze rose and drop escutcheon to match. All other knobs to be -(black) terra cotta with bronze iron mounting, etc. Bell pulls.—The -bell pull to front door to be bronze, to match front door hardware. -Bolts.—The rear door to kitchen to have two barrel bolts; door to -cellar one, doors to bulkhead to have brass padlock with staples, -etc. Drawer pulls.—Drawers to have bronzed iron drawer pulls. Sash -fasts.—All double hung windows on first floor to have Morris patent -self‐locking sash fasts, to be of bronzed iron. Put on patent fasts to -all casements, windows. Hooks.—Put heavy, triple hooks of japanned -cast iron to all closets, 8″ apart. Screws.—All hinges, etc., to -be securely put in place with steel screws of proper size. Bell -hanging.—Put in a large gong for front door, properly connect with -wire, etc. - -_Stairs._—Main stairs to have an open string moulded and nosing to -return on ends and carried around well. Risers ⅞″ thick, tread 1½″ -thick: tread and risers housed into wall string and treads plowed into -risers; risers plowed into the underside of the tread. The outer string -to be 1″ thick, and beaded on lower edge. All to be of clear pine. -The stairs to have cherry newel, 5″ × 5″, turned. Cherry rail, 2″ × -3″. Balusters, 3 on each tread, 1⅛ × 1⅛; all to be solidly put -together and wedged. Cellar stairs to have 1½″ thick strings, sawed -to receive 1¼ treads; all of spruce. Attic stairs to have 1¼″ -strings, plowed to receive risers and treads; all of spruce. - - -PAINTING. - -All shingles of walls and roof to be stained with Cabot’s best creosote -stains, of colors selected by architect. The clapboards to receive two -coats of best white lead and linseed oil finish, in colors as directed. - -_Hardwood._—The newel, rail, and balusters to be filled with three -coats of hard oil, rubbed to a dead finish. The studs and beams -overhead in dining room, parlor, and hall to have two coats of shellac -(or Wheeler’s hard finish). All other woodwork the same. - -_Glazing._—All glass to be double thick American, of number of lights -shown; all to be well puttied and tacked, thoroughly cleaned, and left -whole and perfect. All small lights to have cathedral glass, selected. - - -MASON. - -_Excavation._—Excavate for all cellar wall piers, etc., as shown. Dump -the earth where directed, and leave the premises clear after building -is finished. Piers 3′ below surface. - -_Cement, Lime, and Sand._—All lime used in the mason’s work to be -extra No. 1 Rockland lime. Cement, best quality Rosendale of approved -brand. Sand to be clean and sharp, and all to be used in proper -proportions. - -_Foundations._—Furnish all materials and build walls, unless otherwise -shown, 1′ 6″ thick of stone laid in lime and cement mortar in equal -portions, and clean, sharp sand in proper proportion; the whole to be -well bonded and trowel jointed inside and out. - -_Hearths._—Hearths to be of Portland cement, with lampblack to give -color. - -_Bluestone._—Chimney cap to be of bluestone in one piece, holes for -flues cut in. Cellar stairs as shown. - -_Brickwork._—Brickwork of chimney to be selected, on exposed places -jointed in red mortar, all to be hard, well burned brick. Build in -register flue in kitchen breast where directed and 6″ C. I. thimble -where shown. Build in breast of chimney on second floor 5″ C. I. -thimble, 2′ 6″ from floor. - -_Trimmer Arches._—Turn trimmer arches over all fireplace openings. - - -PLASTERER. - -_Laths._—Laths to be best seasoned pine, free from all imperfections, -laid ⅜″ apart and breaking joint. - -_Plaster._—Plaster will be two coat work, the second to be white sand -finish, well floated. The first coat to be best Rockland lime and clean -sharp sand, well mixed with long cattle or goat hair, to be thoroughly -worked and stacked, all to be well troweled and made perfectly true. -Patch up and repair all plastering at completion of building. - - -PLUMBER. - -_Lead Pipes._—The lead pipes through to be AA lead pipe. The waste -pipes to be heavy; all joints between lead pipes to be heavily wiped, -and joints between lead and iron pipes to be made with brass ferrules -wiped into lead pipe and calked into iron pipe with molten lead and -oakum. - -_Iron Pipes._—Iron pipes to be heavy C. I. soil pipe, free from all -imperfections, and of uniform thickness; thoroughly coated inside and -out with coal tar. All joints to be calked tight with molten lead and -oakum. - -_Drain Pipe._—From point marked on plans run a four inch C. I. pipe -to roof, making all proper branches for water closets, baths, basins, -tubs, sinks, and at roof to be capped with Smith’s patent ventilating -cap. At foot of this place a 4″ running trap, with hole for cleaning -out, and an inlet to run out under servants’ water closet. All branches -to be Y branches, 4″ for water closet, and 2″ for basins, sink, etc. -Plumber to make connections with street pipe. - -_Lead Supply Pipe._—Run from point marked on plans a ¾″ lead pipe. -Place at the beginning of this a rough round way lever handle, stop and -waste cock. Connect with main supply. From the ¾ lead pipe make all -proper connections for water closets, tubs, baths, and sink with ⅝″ -pipe, all to be graded so as to empty at stock cock. In kitchen, over -sink, put two cocks (lever handle), so as to control supply of hot and -cold water to second floor, the same to empty in the sink. - -_Boiler._—Furnish and set where shown in kitchen a heavy 30 gallon -galvanized iron boiler with stand complete. The boiler to be supplied -with water through a branch of ⅝″ lead pipe, and connect with water -tank of range with a ⅝″ extra strong lead pipe, the other part of -boiler to be fitted up with ⅝″ strong lead pipe with ⅝″ sediment -cock, and the required length of light lead pipe to empty into sink -trap (boiler to have a safety attachment). Furnish and put on to supply -to boiler in the most convenient place a ⅝″ finished lever handled -stop cock to control supply to boiler. From head of boiler run lines of -⅝″ lead pipe to supply sink and tubs in kitchen, basin, and bath tub -on second floor. - -_Sink._—Furnish and set up (and of size shown) a plain C. I. sink -with slate back. To be set on C. I. legs, to be supplied with hot and -cold water through ⅝″ lead pipe, drawn through ⅝″ compression bibb -cocks, one hose, the other plain, wasted through heavy lead S trap -calked into iron pipe as specified. - -_Tubs._—Furnish and set up tubs of size shown, supplied and wasted the -same as sink, but to have brass plugs and safety chains. Tubs of wood -well dovetailed. - -_Wash Basin._—Furnish and fit up (of size shown) in bath room a 1¼″ -thick Italian marble slab, counter‐sunk and moulded on edges, backs 10″ -high, the slab to be fitted with a 12″ marble pattern basin (overflow) -well fitted to slab, with brass clamps, etc. The basin to be supplied -with hot and cold water through silver plated compression basin bibb -cocks (⅝), wasted through 2″ lead pipe and S trap, silver plated -basin plug and safety chain. - -_Bath._—Furnish and fit up bath of size shown, 14 ounce copper tinned -and planished, tub to be supplied with hot and cold water through ⅝″ -lead pipe, and drawn through ⅝″ bath silver plated compression cocks. -Wasted through 2″ lead S trap. Silver plated plug and safety chain. - -_Note._—All lead S traps to have brass trap screws for cleaning. - -_Water Closet._—Water closet in bath to be a Demarest or Manhattan -patent long oval flushing rim earthenware hopper, automatic seat, all -complete, with waste preventing cistern, to be copper lined; supply -through ⅝″ lead pipe connected to main supply; to have heavy last -lead trap, properly connected with soil pipe. Connect from cistern to -hopper with 1¼″ light lead pipe so as to get good flush. The water -closet for servants to be enameled iron hopper with cistern, etc., as -above. - - * * * * * - -It is said that the ova of tapeworms are frequently deposited in the -wrinkles of a lettuce leaf and near the mid rib of a cabbage leaf, and -so it behooves those wishing uncooked leaves of any kind to have them -carefully washed. - - - - -A FRENCH COTTAGE. - - -We publish herewith the plans for a house designed by M. A. Fatalot -and erected by M. Valette, architect. It is built on the side of the -terrace (Rue Babie), on the green hills which overlook the Seine. - -[Illustration: A FRENCH COTTAGE—HOTEL DE PEINTRE, A MEUDON.] - -The construction is very simple. The architect was, in fact, asked -to use the strictest economy. The first floor, built over a cellar, -consists simply of a vestibule, A, which opens into a dining room, C, -a bed room, D, a kitchen, B, the water closets, E, and the stairway. -The latter is constructed of wood and leads to the second story, which -serves as both studio and drawing room. This room is lighted by the -large window shown in our perspective view. The walls of the building -are of stone—stone from Meudon, nicely colored—and Bourgogne bricks -of different shades form the design of the frieze. The basement is of -dressed stone; the pediments of the gables and the cornice are covered -with a plaster of sand and mortar colored in imitation of stone. The -tops of the pediments are decorated with Parvillee faience. The perron -is of Bagneux stone and the mullions and supports of Euville stone. - -The following is a detailed list of the expenses: - - Masonry $1,480 - Carpenter work 265 - Plumbing, etc. 166 - Joiner’s work 462 - Locksmith’s work 315 - Heater, etc. 74 - Painting and glazing 92 - —————— - $2,854 - Salaries 200 - —————— - $3,054 - - - - -Our Forestry Problem. - - -According to latest estimates, we consume yearly, with our present -population of sixty millions, not less than twenty billion cubic feet -of wood. The amount is made up, in round figures, in the following -manner: - -2,500,000,000 feet for lumber market and wood manufactures; - -360,000,000 feet for railroad construction; - -250,000,000 feet for charcoal; - -500,000,000 feet for fence material, etc.; - -17,500,000,000 feet for fuel. - -To this it will be safe to add, for wasteful practices and for the -destruction by yearly conflagrations, at the least, twenty‐five per -cent. - -The average yearly growth of wood per acre in the well stocked and well -cared for forests of Germany has been computed at fifty cubic feet. -Applying this figure to our present requirements, we should have an -area of not less than five hundred million acres in well stocked forest -to give us a continual supply of all kinds for our present needs. Now, -a careful canvass made four years ago developed the result that the -existing forest area in the United States, excluding Alaska and Indian -Territory, comprised almost five hundred million acres (489,280,000); -but it is well known to everybody who is acquainted with our forests -that they cannot compare in yield with the average European Continental -forests under systematic management. Much of what is reported as forest -is useless brush land or open woods, and depreciated in its capacity -for wood production by annual fires, by which the physical structure of -the leaf mould is destroyed, and thus, too, its capacity for storing -the needful moisture, reducing wood production, and killing all young -growth. - -Without care, without management, and left to the kind but uneconomical -work of nature, interfered with, in addition, by rude and ignorant -action of man, it is doubtful whether, on the existing area, one -half the amount of wood is produced yearly which we now require. We -have, therefore; beyond doubt, reached—if not passed—the time when -increased drain means squandering of capital, and when regard to -husbanding, to careful management, to recuperation of our forests, -and planting of new forests is required for the purpose of merely -furnishing raw material; and it should not be forgotten that to -reproduce the quick growing white pine of an acceptable quality and -sufficient size requires not less than eighty to one hundred years, -and for the long leaved pine two hundred years; that, altogether, wood -crops are slow crops; that nothing of size can be grown under a quarter -of a century at the best. - -That this is a business requiring intelligent national consideration -is apparent. Not less so if we appreciate the magnitude of the values -resulting from it. The total value of forest products in the census -year was placed at $700,000,000, or ten times the value of the gold -and silver production, five times the value of all coal and mineral -production, and exceeding every one of the agricultural crops, corn and -wheat not excepted; and representing in value about thirty per cent. of -the total agricultural production. - -Of injuries wrought locally by the reckless clearing of hill sides and -of deterioration of the soil due to inconsiderate action of man, I -could entertain you by the hour. The country is full of examples. Any -one who wishes to study the effect of such denuding of hill sides upon -the soil, the water flow, and agricultural conditions, need not go to -France, Spain, Italy, Greece, or Palestine. The Adirondack Mountains -are within easier reach, where the thin cover of earth exposed to -the washing rains is carried into the rivers, leaving behind a bare, -forbidding rock and desolation, while at Albany the Hudson River is -being made unnavigable by the _debris_ and soil carried down the river. -The government has spent more than ten million dollars, I believe, and -spends every year a goodly sum, to open out a passage over the sand bar -thus formed. - -Go to the eastern Rocky Mountains, or to Southern California, and you -can gain an insight into the significance of regulated water supply for -the agriculture below, and also learn how imprudently we have acted -and are acting upon the knowledge of this significance by allowing the -destruction of mountain forests in the most reckless and unprofitable -manner. Along the shores of Lake Michigan, and along the sea coast, we -are creating shifting sands by the removal of the forest cover, to make -work for the ingenuity of our children in devising methods for fixing -these sands again. The vegetable mould with which the kind forest had -covered the alluvial sands of the southern coast plain we are taking -pains to burn off in order to replace it with expensive artificial -fertilizers. - -That the great flood of the Ohio, which cost the country more than -twenty million dollars, was entirely due to deforestation, I will -not assert; but it must have been considerably aggravated by the -accumulation of minor local floods, due to the well known reckless -clearing of the hill sides, which sent their waters down into the river -in torrents. At the season when the winter snows are melting, watch the -newspapers, and you will find an almost daily mention of the disastrous -ravages of brooks and streams, many of which injuries could have been -prevented by avoiding the creation of their distant and indirect cause. -Thus we may multiply examples all over the country, showing harmful -local influences upon agricultural conditions due to forest devastation. - -That the vast stretches of land in the Northwest, from which the white -pine has been cut and burned off, present the aspect of a desolation -which sickens the heart, you may hear from every one who has seen these -deserts unnecessarily wrought by man. Every traveler in this country, -be it to the White Mountains, to the Adirondacks, along the Alleghany -Mountains, be it through the Rockies or the redwoods of California, -cannot but be startled by the desolate, sad aspect of many of these -once beautifully clad mountain crests. - -And we are a nation hardly a hundred years old, with over thirty acres -per capita to spread ourselves upon. What will become of us when we -must live upon five acres per head? We are far enough advanced in our -recklessness of disregarding the indirect significance of forest areas -to have learned a lesson at home, and to feel the necessity of being -more careful in the utilization of the forest, so as not to lose its -protection for our agricultural and general interests. - -The means for its solution I may only briefly indicate. They are -education, example, encouragement, legislation. Some of these are -of slow effect. Others can be made to give results at once. Let the -United States government, which still holds some seventy million acres -of the people’s land in forests, mostly on the Western mountains, -where its preservation is most urgently needed—let the government -set aside these otherwise valueless lands, and manage them as a -national forest domain, and then the first effective step, a feasible -and not a forcible one, is made. Let the military reservations on -the Western treeless plains, which are still in the hands of the -general government, be planted to forests and managed as such. This -would be no doubtful experiment, would interfere with nobody, would -enhance the value of the surrounding country—and education, example, -and encouragement are provided, as far as it is in the legitimate -province of the general government. And such example, instead of -costing anything to the country, can be made self‐sustaining—nay, -productive—and would add appreciably to the people’s wealth.—_B. E. -Fernow_. - - * * * * * - -Mortar containing sugar has been employed in building the new Natural -History Museum in Berlin, and has proved far superior to common mortar. -It sets almost with the firmness of a good cement, while mortar made -with molasses became soft and brittle after a time. In Madras a mortar -is used with which either sugar, butter or buttermilk, shellac and eggs -are mixed. It holds well and takes a marble‐like polish. - - - - -A RESIDENCE FOR $8,000. - - -The perspective and plans herewith presented are from the designs -of Mr. S. W. Whittemore, architect, East Orange, N J. The general -dimensions are: Front, 36 feet, exclusive of bay windows; side, 51 -feet, exclusive of piazza and laundry. Height of stories: Cellar, 7 -feet; first story, 10 feet; second story, 9 feet 6 in.; attic, 8 feet. - -_Materials._—Foundation, stone; first and second stories, clapboards; -roof, shingles. - -_Cost._—$8,000. - -Fireplaces are provided in the dining room, library, parlor, and hall. -The attic is finished throughout. Cellar under the whole house except -laundry. - -[Illustration: A RESIDENCE FOR $8,000.] - -[Illustration: First Story Plan.] - -[Illustration: Second Story Plan.] - - * * * * * - -Bamboo Tree. - - -Writing from China, a correspondent says that the Chinese have -developed the culture of the bamboo tree very wonderfully. They can -produce a perfectly black as well as a yellow bamboo. The Emperor of -China has one officer whose duty is to look after his bamboo gardens. -This valuable tree is found in all tropical and sub‐tropical regions, -both in the eastern and western hemispheres. An attempt has been made -in England, and with some success, to raise a dwarf species found at -an altitude of 12,000 feet in the Himalaya mountains. The new world -furnishes bamboo of the greatest diameter. The stems are usually very -slender, but in the northwestern part of South America is found one -species with a diameter of 16 inches. The Chinese put this plant to a -greater variety of uses than any other people. Some kinds of it when -it first shoots up from the ground are used as a vegetable as we use -asparagus, or it can be pickled in vinegar or made into delicious -sweetmeats. The plant has to be 30 years old to blossom, and then it -bears a great profusion of seeds and dyes. These seeds may be used like -rice, and a kind of beer may be made from them. In 1812 severe famine -in portions of China was prevented by the sudden blossoming of a great -number of bamboo trees. The stems of all the varieties are remarkably -silicious. One kind found in Java is so hard that it strikes fire -when the hatchet is applied to it. This has only a very slender stem, -which is polished and used as stems for tobacco pipes. This Protean -tree furnishes material for houses, boats, cordage, sails of boats, -telescopes, aqueduct pipes, water‐proof thatching, clothing, water -wheels, fences, chairs, tables, book cases, boxes, hats, umbrellas, -shields, spears, and paper. The pith is used for lamp wicks, so there -is no part of it that cannot be used for something. From some of it -exquisite carvings inlaid with gold and silver are cut, that exceed -in beauty the ivory carvings for which the Chinese are so famed. -Recently it has been put to another use. Mr. Edison has found that -the carbonized fibers of the bamboo furnish the best material for the -incandescent electric lamp, and has made use of it in his system of -lighting. In Burmah and Siam whole cities are built from bamboo. These -houses are made in pieces, lashed together, and raised on posts several -feet high.—_The Lumber World_. - - - - -FIREPROOF STRUCTURES. - - -An article recently published by us apropos of the Opera Comique -catastrophe has brought us several interesting communications, and, -among them, one from Mr. Hennebique, one of the designers of the 948 -foot Belgian tower. Mr. Hennebique has established the fact that -structures in which iron is used in the flooring do not arrest the -ravages of fire, but fall even more quickly than those in which wood is -employed. - -In fact, the beams that support the ceiling joists, flooring, -and laths, naturally combustible materials, are raised to a high -temperature, and, becoming red hot, bend under their own weight, and at -the same time shove the walls outwardly. - -The flooring of Mr. Hennebique’s invention, which is composed of a -cement made of coal ashes, plaster rubbish, and hydraulic lime, is -refractory enough to resist the heat developed by combustion. - -As may be seen from the figure, this flooring consists of tubular -girders resting upon very simple metallic anchorages. These girders -are of the composition above described, and thus constitute a sort -of monolith upon which any sort of a floor can be laid—terra cotta, -marble, wood, etc. - -Aside from its being nearly completely incombustible, this sort of -flooring presents a great advantage, from an economical standpoint, in -consequence of the rational utilization of the materials employed. It -is unnecessary to say that the metal is perfectly protected against -oxidation. - -Another advantage of this flooring is that it almost entirely prevents -the propagation of sound. - -[Illustration: =HENNEBIQUE’S FIREPROOF FLOORING.=] - -As may be readily seen, this mode of construction is applicable to -different uses and to every possible sort of decoration, such as -cornices, compartment ceilings, girders of various styles, as well as -pillars, pilasters, columns, and supports of every shape and every -resistance.—_Chronique Industrielle_. - - - - -Construction of Chimney Flues. - - -In a letter to the _Insurance World_ Mr. Thomas Boyd, architect, of -Pittsburg, Pa., gives the following practical information: - -I have had considerable experience in examining buildings burned by -fire, having been associated with my father for eleven years, and -during that time have examined hundreds of buildings destroyed by fire. -I have traced more fires to the cause of defective flues than to any -other source, and I could refer you to buildings, not only in this -city but in others, where fires have occurred from this cause, and the -insurance men and the public in general stated that the fire occurred -from “unknown causes,” as it was first seen many feet away from the -flues. - -In seventy‐five cases in one hundred where fires occur from “unknown -causes,” it can be traced to defective brickwork. Ordinarily, an -architect specifies that the brickwork shall be well slushed, and that -the flues shall be well pargeted or plastered on the inside. This is -a great error, as no flues should be plastered on the inside, and no -walls having flues in them should be slushed, as the term is generally -understood. - -The flues should in all cases be built smooth on the inside, and all -the joints should be filled full of mortar, the vertical joints as -well as the bed joints. The lining of the flue or the four inches -surrounding the flue should always be kept in advance of the brickwork, -and the brick adjoining the lining and the second and third brick, and -so on, should be shoved in soft mortar up against each other. This will -fill all the vertical joints from bottom to top as laid. The slushing -that is ordinarily put in from the top only goes down into the joint -about ½ inch, thus leaving an opening the entire length of the wall, -and in some cases an opening which a mouse could crawl through. As it -is only a question of time when all the plastering that can be put on -the inside of a flue will fall off, it will leave these vertical joints -between the bricks open into the flue, and as the joists cross through -these joints in the brickwork, fire is liable to take place ten or -twenty feet away from the flue. I have taken down many old buildings in -which these joints were filled with carbon or soot. - -If the flues are built as above described, any competent builder -or architect can find out whether the mechanics doing the work are -slighting it or not; but if the inside of the flue is plastered or -lined with terra cotta or any other material, you cannot tell whether -the wall is properly built or not until this plastering falls off, -which it will in the course of a few years. Thus all buildings erected -with plastered flues are liable to burn at any time. - -I have made a practice for a number of years of building flues without -lining them, and then when the house is built, or as each story is -erected, I put a dense smoke in the flue and close the opening at the -top. If there is a hole the size of an ordinary pin head, the smoke -will find it and penetrate into the interior of the wall adjoining the -flue. - - - - -Roadside Plantations of Trees in Belgium. - - -The roadside planting of trees is carried out on a most extensive -scale in Belgium, forming a marked feature in the landscape of that -country. According to the report of M. J. Houba, State Head Bailiff -or Ranger of Woods and Rivers in Belgium, recently published in the -_Revue Horticole_, the total length of the highroads of Belgium in 1881 -amounted to 4,227 miles, classified, as regards tree planting, in the -following manner: - - =Miles.= - Roads already planted 2,417 - - „ still to be planted 264 - - „ which cannot be planted 1,546 - ————— - 4,227 - -From this it will appear that, at the date mentioned, more than half -the entire length of the Belgian highroads had been planted, and that -the proportion would soon reach two‐thirds. - -The number of trees used in forming these plantations amounted -to 871,685, representing in 1881 a money value of £415,986, the -average cost of each tree when planted having been about 2s. 6d. The -plantations had therefore at this date increased in value to nearly -four times the amount of the capital originally expended upon them. - -The trees principally employed in these roadside plantations (already -made) are: Elms, 371,621; oaks, 130,828; poplars, 80,853; ash, -73,893; beech, 32,970; maples, 27,755; service trees, 24,630; Norway -spruce, 43,767; larch, 41,699. It will be seen from this list that -coniferous trees are largely used in Belgium for roadside planting. On -the other hand, the report only gives 897 plane trees, 976 acacias, -and 672 cherry trees, apple trees, and pear trees, showing that -while the Belgian authorities fully recognize the great utility of -these roadside plantations in other respects, they especially aim -at the production of timber of good quality in a commercial point of -view.—_The Garden_. - - - - -An Egyptian Temple. - - -An Egyptian temple appears to have been one of the most imposing -assemblages of buildings that can be well conceived. Avenues lined -with hundreds of sphinxes on each side led the worshiper to the -sacred precinct for the distance of thousands of feet, and thus the -mind, even when remote from the vicinity of the temple, received an -impression calculated to excite veneration. This avenue was terminated -by a stupendous mass of pyramidal form, above 200 feet wide and about -80 feet high, whose enormous proportion was naught diminished by the -vastness of the plain in which it stands, nor by contrast with the -mountains that overhung it. In the center of this propyleum is a door, -flanked in advance by an obelisk on each side, about 90 feet high, -and beside which are figures of colossal dimensions, 45 feet high, -sitting as guardians of the sacred portal. The effect of the whole -is gigantic, and calculated to impress the coming worshiper with the -fullest notions of his insignificance in the scale of material nature. -The triumphal gateway being passed, a magnificent court meets the eyes -of the beholder, having on each side a colonnade. And this court led -to a densely columned hall or vestibule, under the shades of which -the crowds of Egypt’s sons and daughters reposed to recover from the -exhaustion and fatigue caused by their journey under a burning sun to -the fane of their creature god. And here the mind also dwelt awhile on -the first impressions produced by the contemplation of the overpowering -majesty of the gorgeous mass. For the huge propylea, which inclosed -either end of the court, and the hall, with its forest of clustered -columns, which the eye could not number, and the playful variety -and copiousness of channeled hieroglyphics which left not a space -uncovered, and the brilliancy of the pigment which gave an endless -variety to the shafts and capitals of the columns, to the beams, the -walls and ceilings, bewildered the attention, and left not a moment of -repose to the wondering stranger. A lofty central avenue of columns, -above 60 feet high, forming, as it were, a triumphal way, leads under -a third portal, of dimensions by no means inferior to the others -just mentioned, and marked with what care and with what sanctity the -priests guarded every approach to the inner parts of the temple. But -this gateway passed, and a scene the most sublime burst upon the view. -An ample peristyle much larger than the one already passed, presented -itself to the eye, probably planted with trees, crowded with metaphoric -statues. - -On either hand a double avenue of columns, less for convenience than -dignity of effect. In the center uprose the portico of the mass of -building, that formed the temple itself—the columns in dimension -more lofty, in decoration more rich, in proportion more graceful than -those of the courts. The dynasties that had ruled over the country -up to the period of the erection of this temple have their histories -graven on the walls and on the columns. The same pyramidal form gives -an appearance of endless durability to the mass, which is surmounted -by an immense hollowed cavetto having the center occupied by the -sculptured form of the agatho demon, or winged globe and serpents, -with outstretched wings extending over the center intercolumniation of -the facade, and seemingly a being of another world. Admitted beneath -this porch, the minds of the worshipers are prepared for the gloomy -inner penetralia, where every object was mysterious and emblematic. -Numerous doorways closed by curtains succeeded each other, and led from -vestibule to vestibule, which hindered the eye from penetrating with -sacrilegious gaze into the inmost sanctuary, all access to it being -forbidden to the multitude. - -To these vestibules the light of day was denied, and the mind was -subdued by the gloom of the spot, for the attention was absorbed by -the contemplation of the sacred mysteries of the place and by the -effects produced on the attention by the huge incongruous figures of -granite—monstrous reflections of the gloomy minds of the religious -inhabitants of the sacred precinct, who sought to deify matter and the -animal instincts.—_T. L. Donaldson._ - - - - -The White Ash. - - -“About twenty years ago, Prof. J. L. Budd, of Ames, Iowa, advised -keeping the seeds of the ash through the winter in kegs or boxes, mixed -with clean moist sand, taking care that they become neither too wet -nor too dry. Freezing will do no harm. The ground should be marked and -prepared as for corn, and planting at the intersections, placing four -to six seeds in the hill. They should be carefully cultivated, and the -next spring thinned to one plant in each hill, the vacancies being -supplied. By planting thus thickly, the young trees get a straight -growth. At the end of six years every alternate row north and south -should be thinned out, and at the end of ten years every alternate tree -in each row. When twelve years old, on good soil and proper culture -the first four years the grove would have 12,000 trees on ten acres, -averaging eight inches in diameter. By cutting the stumps close to the -ground, and covering with a light furrow on each side, a second growth -is obtained in eight or ten years, more valuable than the first.” - -Prof. C. S. Sargent, in speaking of this timber, says: “To develop -its best qualities, the white ash should be planted in a cool, deep, -moist, but well drained soil, where it will make a rapid growth. That -the plantation may be profitable as early as possible, the young trees -should be inserted in rows three feet apart, the plants being two feet -apart in the rows. This would give 7,260 plants to the acre, which -should be gradually thinned until 108 trees are left standing, twenty -feet apart each way. The first thinning, which might be made at the end -of ten years, would give 4,000 hoop poles, which at present price would -be worth $400. - -“The remaining thinnings, made at different periods up to 25 or 30 -years, would produce some three thousand trees more, worth at least -three times as much as the first thinnings. Such cutting would pay all -the expenses of planting, the care of plantation, and the interest -on the capital invested, and would leave the land covered with trees -capable of being turned into money at a moment’s notice, or whose value -would increase for a hundred years, making no mean inheritance for the -descendants of a Massachusetts farmer. The planting of the white ash -as a shade and roadside tree is especially recommended, and for that -purpose it ranks, among our native trees, next to the sugar maple.” - -Prof. B. G. Northrop says in reference to this tree: “One of the -most valuable of our native trees is the white ash, and, all things -considered, it is one of the most profitable for planting. Combining -lightness, strength, toughness, elasticity, and beauty of grain in -a rare degree, it is in great and growing demand for farming tools, -furniture, interior finishing of houses and railroad cars, the -construction of carriages, for oars and pulley blocks, and many other -purposes. The excellence of our ash is one secret of the preference -given abroad to American agricultural implements. It is hardy, will -bear the bleakest exposure, is a rapid grower and attains large size, -but will not thrive on poor lands. It is every way superior to the -European ash, much as that has been cultivated and lauded abroad. It -is now found widely in the nurseries and young plantations attached -to the forest schools of Europe. Director General Adolfo di Beranger, -president of the Royal Instituto Forestale, at Vallombrosa, pointed me -to his plantations of _Fraxinus Americana_ with a tone which implied -that is the tree of which Americans may well be proud. - -“The ash is a fine ornamental tree for private grounds, public parks, -or for the wayside. When planted closely for timber they grow straight -and free from low laterals, and early reach a size that makes the -thinnings valuable for poles and fencing. - -“The seeds of the white ash are abundant, ripening by the first of -October. They may be easily gathered after the first frost. If sown in -the fall, they should be covered with three inches of straw. If to be -sown in the spring, the seed may be mixed with damp sand.” - - - - -Sawdust. - - -Sawdust has been a source of worry and expense to mill men in various -ways, though it is to be admitted that in utilizing it to some extent -as fuel they have in part solved the problem of its economical -disposition. Lately, there has sprung up a certain demand for it, and -the problem of its cheap shipment is now one that presents itself. -A Yankee inventor has tried baling it, and appears to have devised -a scheme that accomplishes the purpose successfully. He makes the -sawdust into bales, and has progressed so far as to be able to -compress thirty‐two cubic feet, or a quarter of a cord, into a package -three feet long by two feet on each of its sides. As this occupies -only twelve cubic feet, the reduction is sixty‐two and one‐half per -cent. of its original bulk. The machine used is nothing more than an -ordinary hydraulic press, which is arranged in a manner similar to a -hay or cotton press. The sawdust is pressed into bales and at the same -time inclosed in a burlap covering, making a neat and easily handled -package for shipment. Small pieces of wood, shavings, etc., may be -baled with the sawdust or separately with equal facility. It appears -a simple method of putting this bulky stuff in convenient shape for -shipment, and it would seem might be employed to advantage wherever a -market can be found for this species of mill refuse.—_The Timberman._ - -[Illustration: ORNAMENTAL KEYSTONES.] - -[Illustration: ORNAMENTAL KEYSTONES.] - -[Illustration: ORNAMENTAL KEYSTONES.] - - - - -DWELLINGS AT GLENRIDGE. - - -We illustrate a few of the tasteful residences which have been erected -at Glenridge, N. J., a charming suburb of New York City, situate on -the line of the Delaware and Lackawanna Railway. Glenridge is 14 miles -from New York, and the time required for the trip, including the ferry -across the Hudson River at New York, is about 40 minutes. The dwellings -we have chosen for illustration have been recently erected. They vary -in cost from $4,000 to $6,500 or more. We can supply on application -such further information as readers may desire. - -[Illustration: GLENRIDGE.] - -[Illustration: GLENRIDGE.] - -[Illustration: GLENRIDGE.] - -[Illustration: GLENRIDGE.] - -[Illustration: GLENRIDGE.] - - - - -Fire Bricks. - - -Mr. W. Y. Dent, in a Cantor lecture at the Society of Arts, London, on -building materials, gave an account of some of the chemical problems -involved in the constituency of fire clay and fire bricks. - -The plastic clays consist of silica and alumina chemically combined -with water. They are hydrated silicates of alumina, the plasticity -depending upon the water that enters into their composition. The -water with which the clay is chemically combined can be expelled at -a temperature a little above that of boiling, without detriment to -its plasticity, but the whole of the water contained cannot be driven -off without raising the temperature to dull redness. Silica, alumina, -and lime are separately very infusible substances, and are capable of -resisting exposure to very high temperatures without softening. It is -on account of its extreme infusibility that lime is found to be the -most suitable material for the cylinders upon which the oxyhydrogen -flame is made to impinge to produce a brilliant light, the intensity -of the light being due to the extremely high temperature to which -the lime is raised. Lime, however, from its want of cohesion, could -never be brought into general use for such purposes as fire clay is -employed, and this is also the case as regards silica, which requires -the addition of some substance of a basic character, with which it -will unite, and so cause the particles to bind together. The nearest -approach to the use of silica alone as a fire brick is in the case of -the Welsh brick, made from the Dinas rock in the Vale of Neath. - -This material, before being made into fire bricks, had long been used -for repairing the furnaces at the copper works of South Wales, for -which purpose its peculiar property of expanding when subjected to -the influence of a high temperature, instead of contracting, as in -the case of some other fire clays, renders it particularly suitable, -the cementation of the bricks being facilitated by the increase of -temperature. This Dinas rock occurs in various conditions, from that of -a firm rock to that of disintegrated sand, and a mixture of about 1 per -cent. of lime is, therefore, necessary in order to make it into bricks. -Dinas bricks will stand very high temperatures, but are more friable -than ordinary fire bricks, and will not resist to the same extent the -action of basic substances, such as furnace slags, containing much -oxide of iron. They are, besides, porous and readily absorb moisture, -rendering it necessary for furnaces built of them to be gradually -heated, as they are liable to crack if sufficient time is not allowed -for driving off the moisture. The composition of the clay used for -fire bricks is a question of great importance, inasmuch as its quality -depends greatly upon its chemical constituents, although its power of -resisting fusion, when exposed to intense heat, is effected by its -mechanical condition. - -The same materials, when mixed together in the form of a coarse powder, -will require a higher temperature to fuse them than would be the -case if they were reduced to a fine state of division. The qualities -required in fire bricks are that they should bear exposure to intense -heat for a long time without fusion, that they should be capable of -being subjected to sudden changes of temperature without injury, and -that they should be able to resist the action of melted copper or iron -slag. The Dinas brick, which contains 98 per cent. of silica, will bear -exposure to a higher temperature than most others, but it will run down -sooner when in contact with melted iron slag. Ganister is the name -given to a fine grit which occurs under certain coal beds in Yorkshire, -Derby, and South Wales, and the black ganister from the neighborhood -of Sheffield is especially adapted for lining cupola furnaces, owing -to its capacity to stand high temperatures without shrinking, in -consequence of the large quantity of silica it contains. - -Fire bricks made of silicious clays from granitic deposits in various -parts of Devonshire also contain a large proportion of silica, but -their powers of supporting exposure to high temperatures are materially -increased by the coarseness of the particles of disintegrated granite -of which they are composed. The material employed for the Dinas -bricks, as well as the others mentioned, differs considerably in its -character from what is ordinarily understood by the term fire clay, -as used in the manufacture of the celebrated fire bricks of Blaydon -Burn, Stourbridge, or Glenboig; the quality of which, as regards their -chemical composition, depends upon the relative portions of silica and -alumina, and their freedom from iron oxide and alkaline salts, the -presence of which tends to render the clay more fusible. - - - - -Improvements in Making Portland Cement. - - -Clay is taken as dug from the pit, without being dried, and mixed with -the usual proportion of lime, a portion of which is used as limestone, -the remainder as freshly burnt lime. The burnt lime is first added in -such proportion that the water in the clay exactly suffices to slake -it, and the heat given out effects the necessary drying. The limestone -is then added and the mixture ground in a mill to the usual degree of -fineness, made into bricks, calcined, and the “clinker” reduced to a -fine state of division as usual. - - - - -Typhoid Fever Carried by Well Water. - - -The following account of the transmittal of cases of typhoid fever by -well water is sent us by Dr. Henry B. Baker, secretary of the Michigan -State Board of Health. It is made to him by Dr. H. McColl, of Lapeer, -Mich. - -Dr. McColl reports: About September 1, 1887, Myron Gardner, railroad -employe, came from the South sick with fever to his father’s house. He -was supposed to be malarial. No care was exercised with stools in the -way of disinfection, but they were thrown into privy vault in rear of -house, and in close proximity to well. Wash water was thrown on the -surface of the ground, which was very dry at the time. About September -7 or 8, a copious rain fell and soaked the sandy soil; and on September -14, Wm. Gardner and wife, father and mother of Myron, and E. D. Gardner, -a brother (who was a student in my office), and who boarded at home, -were attacked with fever. On this day I got home from Washington, and -found four of them down with a severe type of typhoid fever; and in two -weeks Myron’s wife and child were attacked; also a child across the -street at Terry’s, who had used water from the Gardner well; about the -same time three cases in the Clifford house, south of Gardner’s, who -also used water from the Gardner well. None of the people from either -of these houses were in the Gardner house. In the Walker house, still -further south, one case has occurred, and I was at a loss to account -for this case till a few days ago, when the young man said that at the -mill where he was working they had used the Gardner water for a few -days, owing to the disarrangement of the pump at the mill. Two others -of the mill hands—Anderson and Lester—who used the same water were -attacked about the same time. Lester is now convalescent. Anderson is -dead, as also the child at Terry’s. When I took charge of the cases, -I ordered the discontinuance of water from the Gardner well and the -disinfection of the stools, and no new cases are now reported. People -who assisted to take care of the Gardner and other families, and who -use water from other sources, have not been attacked. Clearly, Myron -Gardner brought the fever home, the well became infected after the -first rain from slops and privy, and the other cases got their seed -from the water. - -Dr. Baker adds: The foregoing instructive account of the way typhoid -fever was spread, in one instance, is produced in the hope that -it may lead others to trace the spread of this important disease, -and, what is of greater importance, act intelligently for the -prevention and restriction of the disease, as Dr. McColl did in this -instance.—_Sanitary News._ - - - - -An Unsafe Church. - - -About a month ago, Inspector of Buildings Griffin discovered that the -wall on the southern side of the Warren Avenue Baptist Church, Boston, -Mass., was bulging. He climbed to the roof, and was astonished to find -that the scissors truss that supported the pitch of the roof was not -bolted together, but was fastened only with railroad spikes. - -The wall was out of plumb fully nine inches. A peremptory order was -issued to vacate the church. Then a more careful examination was made, -with startling results. - -The truss was laid bare, and then it was discovered that the sole -support for the roof of the great building consisted of three iron rods -one and one half inches in diameter. - -The cross rods were of no use, because the wood had shrunk away and -the bolts could be rattled. The upper and lower chords of the truss -were made of eight two‐inch planks, and where the cross rods had been -put through and clinched the auger had cut off one plank and part of -another, weakening the truss by one‐eighth. - -The lower chord of the truss was cut completely through in two places. -It is said that it will cost nearly $200,000 to repair the church, -which is one of the largest in the city. - -It would not be a bad idea for the trustees of other churches to have -the trusses carefully examined. - - - - -Cedar Pavements. - - -To pave a city with cedar would seem to be a luxury, but it appears -that in the city of Chicago, out of 277.71 miles of paved streets, -there are 213.35 miles of cedar blocks, of which nearly forty miles -was laid last year, and the Chicago _Tribune_ says it is the cheapest -pavement laid in the city. Dead cedar brought from the vicinity of -Green Bay, Wis., was first used, but it was found that it did not wear -well, and live timber is now required. The cedar is a tree which does -not taper rapidly, and one of good size should furnish a stick 30 ft. -long. The logs are brought here by boats in lengths of about 6 ft., -with the bark still on, peeled, and cut into blocks 5 in. long. The -blocks range in diameter from 3 in. to 9 in., and cost 50 to 60 cents -a yard, measurement being made after they are laid. The process of -paving a street with cedar blocks is much the same as was used with the -Nicholson pavement. A sand foundation is first provided, and on this -are laid boards which serve as stringers. On the stringers planks are -placed parallel with the curb, and the cedar blocks are stood on end on -the planks. The interstices between the blocks are filled with gravel -and coal tar. - -For the last three years block pavement has cost in Chicago from $1.00 -to $1.30 a yard. The life of cedar block pavement is three to seven -years, and it is an excellent pavement when first laid. It is believed -by many to be detrimental to health from the fact that it absorbs all -liquids falling upon it, gives them back in the shape of vapor under -the influence of the sun, and is itself constantly decaying. It is -stated as a curious fact that this pavement wears out faster on streets -where traffic is light than where it is heavy. Cedar blocks are used -for paving all through the West, but more freely probably in Chicago -than in any other city in the world. They are cheap, and that is a -great point in their favor. - - - - -Hemlock. - - -Respecting the merits of hemlock, the _Minneapolis Lumberman_ has -a good word in its last issue. It quotes from a correspondent at -Williamsport, Pa., regarding the experience with the wood there as a -foundation for paving blocks; and in regard to a stretch of Nicholson -pavement there which had been down sixteen years, goes on to say: - -“The blocks had been placed on two thicknesses of one inch hemlock, the -boards coated both sides with coal tar. When the pavement was taken -up, the boards were found to be in good condition—so perfectly sound -that they were put back again for possibly another sixteen years. The -correspondent says that out of a mile of sixty foot street, less than -10,000 feet of the old planking was condemned. There seems to be no -question as to the superlative merit of hemlock for paving purposes.” - -This is valuable testimony, and better evidence of the lasting -qualities of hemlock under paving blocks than any Western experience -has produced, for the reason that it has nowhere in the West been -so long as that in use. It has been recognized, however, as a wood -excellently suited to this purpose, and is employed almost exclusively -wherever the cedar block pavement is freely used, which includes a -good many of the large cities in the United States, and practically -all Western towns in which any paving is done. It is apparent that -lumbermen are beginning to take a strong interest in hemlock, and -evidences of its growth in favor are becoming rather plentiful. It -occasionally gets a setback from some local dealer, who has come off -second best in an encounter with its slivers, but it is bound to come -more and more in use in spite of the strong objection that is made to -it by some users. Its light weight and great strength for many building -purposes are factors that tell.—_Timberman._ - - - - -Collapse of Walls of Burning Buildings. - - -Mr. Alex. Black, writing to the _Building News_, says: The expansion -of brick by fire heat may be estimated at rather above half that of -wrought iron; and of mortar at about one‐fourth more than that of -wrought iron. The mortar joints in the wall may occupy, say, one‐fifth -to one‐sixth of the height of the wall. There is no accurate data as -to the maximum heat developed at Whiteley’s fire. It, however, depends -on the nature of the contents, etc., consumed and the accumulation of -draught currents. If there is free lime, etc., in brick or mortar, -there is added to the expansion more or less disintegration, which -would become not the least potent cause of collapse. - -We may assume that the interior surface of the brickwork exposed to -the fire expanded, say, 1 in. in 8 ft. or 10 ft., vertically and -horizontally, which would produce a distortion by buckling, or curving -inward, dish‐like, of the inside half thickness of the wall, both -vertically and horizontally, leaving for a time the outside half -thickness (say, for convenience of description) not much disturbed; -in the meanwhile, air gets in between these inside and outside half -thicknesses, or slices, and it may become gradually expanded by heat -and help to force them further apart until the whole wall collapses. - -In setting iron girders, the usual practice appears to be to build the -ends solidly in the wall to act as a tie; but by having cross flanges -at ends the wall may be built close to these on inside toward interior -of building, and space left for expansion on their outside; but this -space is of no use without the ends of the girders are set upon rollers -or rockers, as is done for bridge girders, because the rigidity of wall -would not be sufficient to withstand undisturbed the expansive pushing -out, or horizontal thrust, of loaded girder end if resting upon a rough -bearing plate or block. - -If building timber joists into walls, it is a safe method to bevel off -the upper corner equal to the bearing of the end in the wall, which -allows the projecting portion of joist, if broken accidentally, to drop -down without disturbing the wall, by the leverage which it would exert -if built in the wall in the usual way. - - - - -A $2,500 CALIFORNIA HOUSE. - - -California can justly boast of a larger number of pretty places and -picturesque localities in which to erect residences of moderate cost -than can be found in any other State in the Union. The beautiful town -of Alameda, covering, as it does, a large extent of ground, embracing -several square miles, may be regarded as a paradise for those who wish -a quiet retreat, away from the din and confusion of the city, and yet -be in close connection with the great mart. Nearly every portion of -the town is covered with a natural growth of oak trees. Nor does this -growth stop at this point. For a long distance to the north the ground -is covered by the beautiful trees from which the neighboring city of -Oakland derives its name. - -Extremes meet in architecture as well as other matters. Some æsthetic -persons have sought to copy the humble abode of the laborer in the -external view of a dwelling, while the internal arrangements and -fittings rival those of Aladdin’s palace. Others seek to have the -outside present to the eye a conglomeration of whimsical ideas, while -they have not deigned to cover the floors with a carpet, nor have a -door between any of the rooms or halls, excepting those connecting with -the outer world. - -Much benefit has been derived from these whimsical erections, and it -is only by much study and close application to the fancies of their -clients that architects have been enabled to prepare the beautiful -bijou plans, a good representation of which is given in this issue. In -justice to the architectural profession, we must say that no portion -of their practice has been so usefully bestowed as that which has been -bestowed upon the production of plans for such homes, a full plan of -which accompanies this article. - -[Illustration: A CALIFORNIA HOUSE FOR $2,500.] - -The elevation, as shown, is a model of neatness and economy. At once -attractive in appearance and substantial in all its surroundings, it -does away with all those horrible idiosyncrasies and bugbears of the -Elizabethan and Queen Anne styles. There are no small windows to cause -the one who cleans them to utter a whole vocabulary of cuss words at -the architect who made so many corners to dig out. There is no part of -California but what needs all the sunshine that was intended to enter a -room, and the large windows shown allow the heat and light to make glad -the hearts of the dwellers therein. Even with the thermometer at 100 -degrees and over in the shade at noontime, still, when evening comes, -the cool winds that invariably bless the sleep of those who are tired -from their daily toil has easy ingress from these same large windows. -And in winter, from the absence of snow in all of our beautiful -valleys, the same windows are a source of joy and comfort for the -occupants to observe the driving rains, or admit the blessed sunshine -as it pierces through the wintry clouds. - -Great care should be exercised in painting the exterior. The colors -selected should be a happy blending of light and dark shades. They -should be graded from rich, heavy grades at the bottom to the lighter -tones at the gable peaks, preserving, through the intermediate section, -a consistent harmony. The roof may be of dark slate color. The -trimmings may be colored with a combination of blue, black, and Indian -red. The body of the house may be varied to suit the above. It must be -distinctly borne in mind that all buildings of the same class cannot be -treated alike. Trees have a wonderful effect on colors used, and the -main study of the painter and owner should be that the salient points -of form and detail be enhanced by the proper selection of the various -colors. By all means, if you are building a home for yourself, take the -good wife into your confidence, and let her judgment be given on the -various colors to be used. - -[Illustration: PLAN OF $2,500 CALIFORNIA HOUSE.] - -[Illustration: SECTION OF DOOR JAMBS AND INSIDE FINISH.] - -[Illustration: A CALIFORNIA HOUSE FOR $2,500.] - -[Illustration: ROOF PLAN.] - -[Illustration: SECTION & ELEVATION OF SIDE PORCH AND RAILING.] - -The arrangement of the rooms, as shown by the plan, is very desirable -for any one with a small family. A feature is made of the entrance -way. From the hall, one can pass either to the parlor or dining room, -the latter being the general sitting room. The parlor is large—13 -× 17 feet in size. It has a fireplace, as shown. A cornice is also -designated. Sliding doors connect this room with the dining room, the -size of the latter being 12 × 17¾ feet. A cornice and fireplace are -also shown. In case of company or family gathering, the two rooms will -be practically one. The porch shown in front will be very handy for the -gentlemen who smoke, or, on warm days the ladies can use the same for -sewing purposes, sheltered, as the plans show, by the roof overhead. - -You pass from this room into a hall, from which you can enter all the -rest of the rooms. The main chamber is 12 feet 6 inches by 16 feet 6 -inches, besides a large bay window, having four windows for light and -air. There is also a cornice in this room, and a place for a stove to -connect with parlor chimney. There is a very large closet, and also -wash room, which is well lighted and ventilated. Passing along the -hall, we next come to a large linen closet. This will be found very -serviceable for the storage of the linen in daily use. Then comes a -large chamber, 11 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. No cornice is shown. Should -a fire be needed in this room, a patent flue could be placed therein, -starting from near the ceiling. A large closet is also connected with -this room. At the end of the hall is the bath room, 6 feet 3 inches by -9 feet 6 inches. A wash bowl and water closet are shown. The window, -being directly over the tub, assures perfect ventilation. - -On opposite side of hall from bath room is a room designated as -breakfast room, in size 10 × 11 feet, with two windows. This can be -used as a bed room, should the dining room suffice for the needs of -the occupants of the house. This room is very convenient, as it can be -reached by three different ways. The next room is the kitchen, in size -10 × 13 feet, with plenty of light and ample means of ventilation. The -place for the stove pipe is indicated by the dotted lines leading to -the dining room chimney. Should it be found more desirable to have the -stove in a different position from that indicated, a patent flue can be -put in, starting near the ceiling. A large pass closet, amply fitted -with drawers and shelves, connects with the dining room. There is also -a large pantry fitted up with bins, etc. - -A stairway is shown, near breakfast room, leading to the attic. No plan -is given of the latter, as the space can be divided according to the -individual tastes of the parties building. The rear hall is 3 feet 6 -inches wide. - -The whole plan is very compact, and will bear careful study. The detail -drawings, as shown, will give an adequate idea of the various finishes. -Each one is distinctly marked. - -We append a general set of specifications to aid those who may see fit -to adopt the design. Should any one want a complete set, we can forward -them a printed copy. - - -SPECIFICATIONS. - -_Excavations._—All rock, dirt, etc., to be cleared away from site of -the building. Trenches for walls and piers to be extended down to firm -and solid ground. The bank to be dug well away from the walls, and the -same to be left open until the walls are well set and dry. - -_Drains_.—To be of ironstone pipe, with cemented joints. The fall to -be not less than one‐fourth inch to one foot. No drains to be less than -sixteen inches from surface of ground. - -_Brick Work_.—Hard, well burned brick to be used throughout. All brick -walls to be made level and straight to the proper and exact height, and -to a true line from one end to the other, even to the splitting of a -brick where necessary. Piers 12 × 12 inches. Turn trimmer arches for -the support of all hearths at the time chimneys are built. All sills to -be set in mortar after walls are proper height. - -_Size of Timbers, etc._—Main sills, 6 × 8 inches; plates, 2 × 4; -studs, 2 × 4; underpinning, 4 × 6; joists, 2 × 10; ceiling joists, -2 × 4; rafters, 2 × 4; bridging, 2 × 3 and 2 × 4. Studs and joists -spaced 16 inches from center; rafters, 2 feet 8 inches from center; -underpinning 2 feet 8 inches from center. All timber below main sills -to be of redwood. - -Roof to be sheathed with 1 × 6 Oregon pine, well nailed to every -rafter. Gutters arranged so as to carry off water wherever directed. - -_Rustic_.—All laps and butt joints to be painted before being nailed -in position. Butt joints to have a 3 × 11 inch piece of tin to keep out -water. - -_Outside Steps_ to be built upon strong stringers, inch risers of -redwood, and two inch treads of Oregon pine, with nosing and scotia. -The recess to front hall will be floored six inches below main floor, -with three inch Oregon pine, put together with white lead. - -_Floors_.—Oregon pine, tongued and grooved, 4 inches wide, to be used -throughout the house. One tongue nail and one through nail to be driven -in each piece at each nailing. - -_Grounds_ to be of ¾ in. Oregon pine at all openings. - -_No inside finish to be put on until the last coat of plastering is on._ - -Face casings to be 6 inches wide and 1¼ inches thick, with suitable -plinths. - -Sash beads to be fastened on with raised head screws. - -All interior work to be hand‐smoothed and sand‐papered. - -All carved or planted‐on work to be primed before putting up. - -Bases in all rooms to be 10 inches wide, with 2 inch moulding. - -_Wainscoting_.—Rear hall, kitchen, and breakfast room to be wainscoted -3 feet high, and capped with nosing and scotia. Bath room, 6 feet high -all around. - -_Pantry and Pass Closet_ to be fitted up with shelves and hooks -complete, and bins and drawers as shown. - -_Lathing_.—Good sound lath to be used, laid on not less than ⅜ -of an inch apart. Joints broken over 8 laths. No lath to be put on -vertically, to finish out to corners or angles; neither must there -be any lath run through angles and behind studding from one room to -another. All angles to be formed and nailed solid by carpenter before -laths are put on. - -_Plastering_.—All walls, partitions, and ceilings to be plastered one -coat of well haired mortar, made of best lime and clean, sharp sand, -free from loam and salt, using best cattle hair. To be made at least -eight days before using. - -_Brown_ coat to be covered with a good coat of best white hard finish. -All plastering to extend to the floor. Center pieces where designated -on plans. - -_Painting_.—All interior wood work to have three coats of best white -lead, in such tints as may be approved by the owner. Kitchen floor to -be oiled two coats. - -_Gas Pipes_ to be introduced so as to give the number of lights shown -on plan. - -_Plumbing_.—Water pipes to be of galvanized iron ¾ inch diameter. -No ½ inch pipe to be used. A 40 gallon galvanized iron boiler, with -necessary connections, to be placed in the kitchen. Sink to be of size -shown by drawing, to have 2 inch iron water pipe and a Garland trap; -3½ inch brass strainer; back of sink to be lined with zinc. Slop -hoppers to be placed as shown. Wash basins to be located as per plan, -and to have all necessary hot and cold water connections. Water from -all basins to discharge into an open slop hopper outside. Bath tub to -be lined with No. 12 zinc, to have a 1¼ inch waste, with Garland -trap. All necessary fixtures for bath tub to be placed in proper -position. The water closet to be Budde’s patent. Place safe trays under -all sinks, bath tub, wash basins, water closets, etc., with 2 inch -turned‐up edges, well nailed to wood work. Three‐fourths inch wastes. -All waste or soil pipes to be connected with the sewer, and extend the -same above basins, sinks, bath tub, water closets, etc., out through -the roof. - -_Generally._—Drawings and specifications are intended to correspond, -and to be illustrative the one of the other. All drawings to be -furnished by the architect. Details to be given from time to time -as the work progresses. Should the necessity arise that any change -or changes be made from the original design, the owner shall have -the right so to do without invalidating the contract, adding to or -deducting from the contract price the agreed sum of any change made. - - -COST. - -The above specifications are given as a general index of the work. No -accurate estimate can be given from them of the cost of the house. -Quality and price of hardware, etc., have been omitted, leaving same -to the pocket books of intending builders. As shown, with finishes -indicated by the details given, the house can be erected at a cost of -about $2,500. Of course this figure can be changed considerably. Using -the best of materials, etc., the price should be given at $3,000, -at which sum a truly cozy home can be obtained by those seeking a -permanent dwelling place.—_California Architect_. - - - - -The Architectural Era. - - -This is the title of a new monthly published at Syracuse, N. Y. It is -finely printed, handsomely illustrated, and full of interesting reading -matter. It forms a valuable addition to the architectural literature of -the day. The elegant style in which it is produced does honor to its -enterprising publishers, Messrs. D. Mason & Co. Three dollars a year, -twenty‐five cents per number. - - - - -Blue Marking Ink for Boxes, Bales, etc. - - -Mix a sufficient quantity of ultramarine with barytes (sulphate of -barium, blanc fix) and water to produce the desired tint. It may be -rendered more permanent by adding some liquid glue (solution of glue -in acetic acid) or some starch paste, prepared with the addition of a -little wax.—_Chem. and Drug._ - - - - -CHATEAU AT CASTELNAUDARY. - - -The internal decoration of the structure represented in the -accompanying engravings is due to Mr. Arnaud, an architect at -Carcassonne. The front already existed in part, and merely the -finishing of it is due to him. As for the parlor and dining room, of -which we give an illustration, these two rooms, like the rest, were -studied with very artistic care by Mr. Arnaud, and the execution of the -work was closely watched. - -[Illustration: CHATEAU OF CASTELNAUDARY—FRONT VIEW—M. AUBRY, ARCHITECT.] - -The chimney that decorates the dining room is of Echaillon stone, and -was made at the works of Mr. G. Biron. It is 14 feet in height, and -cost, all carved, $1,400. The flooring of the rooms is of oak, of two -colors, and was put down by the house of Idrac, of Toulouse, which -makes a specialty of old oak inlaid floors. The color of the old oak, -introduced into the very substance of the wood, lasts an indefinite -length of time. The wainscoting of the dining room and that of the -parlor is of walnut, and forms a frame, in the case of the dining -room, for old tapestry. In the parlor the panels are covered with -large‐figured cretonne. - -[Illustration: INTERIOR OF CASTELNAUDARY CHATEAU.] - -The ceilings are of plaster, with mouldings. To that of the dining -room are affixed, by invisible hooks, some old Japanese plates. These -produce a very happy effect in the ceiling as a whole, and in nowise -injure it. The ceilings are painted in softening tints, the principal -of which are red, blue and maroon. The dining room cost, as a whole, -$3,600, the old tapestry included. It is 24 × 30 feet, and the parlor -is 28 × 37 feet.—_La Construction Moderne_. - - - - -Nails. - - -A test has recently been made of the relative value of wire and cut -nails, with results quite at variance with generally received opinions. -This test, given below, is published in a circular issued to the nail -trade by the Wheeling nail manufacturers, and was made by a committee -appointed by the Wheeling manufacturers, who give the following result: - - Number of nails in Pounds required to pull - pound. nails out. - - Cut. Wire. Cut. Wire. - - 20d 23 35 1,593 703 - 10d 60 86 908 315 - 8d 90 126 597 227 - 6d 160 206 383 200 - 4d 280 316 286 123 - -This test showed the relative value of a pound of each kind to be as -follows: - - 1 lb. of 20d. cut nails equals 1·40 lb. of wire nails. - 1 lb. of 10d. cut nails equals 2·01 lb. of wire nails. - 1 lb. of 8d. cut nails equals 1·87 lb. of wire nails. - 1 lb. of 6d. cut nails equals 1·49 lb. of wire nails. - 1 lb. of 4d. cut nails equals 2·06 lb. of wire nails. - -In obtaining the above results, two tests were made of the 8d. cut nail -and four of the 8d. wire nail; three tests each were made of the 6d. -and 4d. cut nails and 6d. and 4d. wire nails, and the average is shown. - -The committee report as a result of their experiments that $1 worth of -cut nails will give the same service as $1.78 in wire nails, if at the -same price per pound.—_Building._ - - - - -=Rabbit Remedy.= - - -A correspondent of the _Revue Horticole_ states that he has been -completely successful in saving both his vines and haricot beans from -being totally destroyed by the rabbits which swarm in this district by -using a remedy which he terms the “Bouillie bordelaise.” This consists -of a mixture of sulphate of copper (bluestone or blue vitriol) and -fresh slaked lime, in the proportion of 3¼ lb. of the former to -4½ lb. of quicklime in twenty‐one gallons of water. The bluestone -is first dissolved in a bucket of water, the quicklime is then slaked, -and when cool it is thrown along with the dissolved bluestone into a -barrel or other vessel of sufficient size; water is then added to make -up twenty‐one gallons, and the whole is well stirred up. The mixture is -conveniently applied with a whitewash brush, and in fine, dry weather -only should it be used. The object of the lime in the mixture is to -counteract any ill effects that the sulphate of copper or bluestone -might have on the vegetable tissues, and also to indicate that no part -of the stem or plant which it is intended to protect has been passed -over without receiving its proper share of the application. - - - - -How to Build an Ice House. - - -Under this head the _American Architect_ advises a correspondent as -follows: - -1. The ice house floor should be above the level of the ground, or, at -least, should be sufficiently above some neighboring area to give an -outfall for a drain, put in in such a way as to keep the floor clear of -standing water. - -2. The walls should be hollow. A four inch lining wall, tied to the -outer wall with hoop iron, and with a three inch air space, would -answer, but it would be better, if the air space is thoroughly drained, -to fill it with mineral wool, or some similar substance, to prevent -the movement of the air entangled in the fibers, and thus check the -transference by convection of heat from the outside to the lining wall. - -3. A roof of thick plank will keep out heat far better than one of thin -boards with an air space under it. - -4. Shingles will be much better for roofing than slate. - -5. It is best to ventilate the upper portion of the building. If no -ventilation is provided, the confined air under the roof becomes -intensely heated in summer, and outlets should be provided at the -highest part, with inlets at convenient points, to keep the temperature -of the air over the ice at least down to that of the exterior -atmosphere. - - - - -In reply to inquiries from various correspondents we would say that -Messrs. Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, proprietors of this periodical, have -an extensive architectural bureau connected with their establishments, -and here, with the assistance of an able corps of architects, -they prepare, in the best and most prompt manner, designs, plans, -specifications, and details for all kinds of buildings, churches, -schools, stores, dwellings, etc. Hundreds of buildings in all parts of -the country have been erected from their plans. Messrs. Munn & Co. will -be pleased to furnish any information desired by readers relative to -any buildings illustrated in these pages. - - - - -Look to Your Drain Pipes and Wells. - - -The Rhode Island State board of health has completed its investigation -of the epidemic of typhoid fever at Conanicut park hotel, made last -summer. - -At the opening of the season of 1887 trouble was experienced, but no -action was taken. Soon the people in the house began to be ill, and at -a time when all the rooms were taken and many more guests were to come -and occupy the cottage apartments. From the first symptoms, which were -not considered serious, the disease, which proved to be typhoid fever, -assumed a violent form, and Dr. Jernigan, on whose advice several -patients had come to the island, directed a practical plumber to make a -thorough examination of the premises. - -The plumber discovered that the pipes leading from the water closets -had leaked into the cellar, and that from all appearances the leak -had existed from the first of the season. The sewage had run into the -well from which the water was drawn for general uses about the hotel. -Prior to the discovery of the contamination of the water, its sparkling -qualities had been praised by all the guests. The plumber also reported -that the ground near the well was saturated with the sewage, and that -when disturbed the earth emitted an overpowering and sickening stench. -From the cellar the investigation was continued to the well at the -north end of the house. It was dug quite recently, and the shaft had -been sunk through an old drain leading to a cesspool, and a portion of -the drain constituted a section of the well shaft. - -The State board of health proposes to ask for an appropriation this -winter sufficient to pay for a careful examination of all the hotels -in the State, and the inspection and analysis of all waters used for -drinking purposes where there is liability of contamination.—_Sanitary -News_. - - - - -=Messrs. Munn & Co.=, in connection with the publication of the -=Scientific American=, continue to examine improvements, and to -act as Solicitors of Patents for Inventors. - -In this line of business they have had _forty years’ experience_, and -have now _unequaled facilities_ for the preparation of Patent Drawings, -Specifications, and the prosecution of Applications for Patents in -the United States, Canada, and Foreign Countries. =Messrs. Munn & -Co.= also attend to the preparation of Caveats, Copyrights for -Books, Labels, Reissues, Assignments, and Reports on Infringement of -Patents. All business intrusted to them is done with special care and -promptness, on very reasonable terms. - -A pamphlet sent free of charge, on application, containing full -information about Patents and how to procure them; directions -concerning Labels, Copyrights, Designs, Patents, Appeals, Reissues, -Infringements, Assignments, Rejected Cases, Hints on the Sale of -Patents, etc. - -We also send, _free of charge_, a synopsis of Foreign Patent Laws, -showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal -countries of the world. - -=MUNN & CO., Solicitors of Patents,= - -361 Broadway, New York. - -BRANCH OFFICE.—622 F Street, Washington, D. C. - - - - -=Arch Construction.= - - -Iron construction has so completely superseded masonry for bridge -building that it would appear almost unnecessary to discuss the -question of the equilibrated arch for any large span. But the -mathematical principles of the arch have always been an interesting -subject with geometricians and theorists, and the theory, at any rate, -ought to form one of the subjects of the architect’s and engineer’s -education. As a problem of the equilibrium of forces, the theory of -arch construction is instructive, inasmuch as it presents us with -a concrete example of three forces balanced in a structure. The -other day, at the opening of the engineering section of the Bristol -Naturalists’ Society, at University College, Bristol, the president, -Mr. Charles Richardson, C.E., read a paper on arch building, in which -he advocated the employment of arches of equilibrium for bridges. The -author referred to the well known and elegant property of the balanced -arch, which is derived from the principle of the catenary or suspended -chain or inverted polygon of bars, each bar or link assuming the -position (inverted) that the arch stones of an equilibrated arch would -have. In Dr. Hutton’s valuable “Tracts on Bridges,” this principle is -followed in his elucidation of the arch, and readers of that work will -remember the diagrams given of various kinds of balanced arches, and -the curves of extrados necessary to insure equilibrium. The theory, -indeed, is older than Hutton. Belidor and Dr. Hooke both investigated -the form of the extrados from the nature of the curve, and this theory -has been made the foundation of a very interesting system of designing -arches. According to this theory of the question, the stones are -considered free from all friction—a condition which does not hold in -practice. Mr. Richardson follows, as far as we can see, this theory. -He enunciated the theorem that the weight on any point of the arch is -proportional to the vertical line from the road line to the intrados at -that point; that the horizontal thrust is the same throughout the arch, -and is equal to the weight on the crown per unit of area multiplied by -the radius of curvature there; and also that the bed pressure at any -point is equal to the horizontal thrust multiplied by the secant of -the angle the curve makes with the horizon at that point. This rule -is thoroughly mathematical and true for arches of equilibrium; and -the author exhibited an instructive model of an arch equilibrated, -and showed by inverting it, and suspending a chain weighted by steel -rods representing the loads at each point, that the latter coincided -with the road line. But the engineer‐architect has to do with arches -in which the element of friction enters; the stones are cemented, and -therefore the theory, however beautiful, does not hold good in every -case. Instead of the separate arch stones or voussoirs, he has to -deal with segments of the arch which turn upon certain edges. Thus -an arch which fails breaks into four parts, the crown sinks, and the -haunches rise, the joints at those points opening. One of the questions -to decide is the points at which rupture occurs, that being found to -find out what horizontal pressure each of those lower segments have -to sustain. From knowing the thrust and its point of action, the -stability of the arch will depend on the mass and weight of the pier. -The experiments of Rondelet and others have proved that the voussoirs -unite into segments of the arch, and tend to overturn the abutment, -acting rather as levers than wedges. He found, also, that the greatest -thrust was in arches with an even number of voussoirs or a point at the -vertex; that a keystone lessened the thrust. Nevertheless, the theory -of equilibration should be known by all architects and bridge builders. - -In alluding to the materials, the author showed the impossibility of -dressing and bedding stones accurately. Practically, the stone built -arch is difficult to execute with precision. The facing stones only -are cut to the true curve, the backing being filled in with rubble -and roughly executed. With brickwork the bricks can be all bedded in -cement, being more convenient for handling, and a vitrified brick is -equal at least to the best stone in resistance. The brick arch should -be built in vertical bond, not in rings. Mr. Richardson finds that, -taking the safe load in cement at 5 cwt. upon the square inch, an arch -15 in. thick at the springing and 12⅚ at the crown is sufficient -for a span of 85 feet with a rise of ⅛ of the span. He says: “As -all loads and thrusts on such an arch are in direct proportion, if -each dimension were multiplied by four, we should have a span of 340 -feet with a rise of 42 feet and an arch thickness of 5 feet. This 5 -feet thickness would give a sufficient margin of safety for the moving -load, because 5 feet is only the necessary thickness at the springing, -while that at the crown would be 9 in. less. The total weight of this -bridge would be 100,000 tons.” Ring‐built arches are advisedly objected -to, as the rings tend to separate when any settlement takes place. -Mr. Richardson does not rely too much on friction, and he is right. -There can be no scientific arch construction that is not based on the -principle of equilibrium, the line of thrust being kept within the -middle third of the arch thickness; and in designing arches of brick -or stone the engineer should always be able by diagram to satisfy -himself of this condition. Whenever the line of thrust passes close to -the lower edge of the arch ring at the haunches, there must be undue -pressure and a tendency to open at the other edge. In other words, the -arch is inclined to drop at the crown. When it passes out of the arch, -failure must take place sooner or later. Instead of first deciding upon -the curve and road line, as is frequently done, the right course is to -find the line of thrust for the given span and loading, and then make -the arch conform as nearly as possible to this line. We agree with the -opinion that brickwork, if correctly applied, would be found to excel -iron construction in strength, durability, and economy—certainly in -appearance. In the construction of masonry arches, sufficient care -is not always bestowed upon the drainage of the arches—a cause, we -imagine, of many failures.—_Building News._ - - - - -GILBERT SHEFFIELD, a Warren County, N. Y., lumberman, is one -of the men who believes in using his men well, and in doing something -to relieve the tedium of life in the woods. He has 35 men employed -at Tahawus, in Essex County, and says that for the past two years it -has been his practice to furnish them with copies of the prominent -newspapers, so that when they left camp they were as well informed -regarding current events as when they went in. - - - - -=NEW FORM OF CHIMES FOR CHURCHES.= - - -A new form of chimes for churches is being introduced in England, -which are said to give much satisfaction. They consist of a series -of metallic tubes suspended from a beam, as shown in our engraving. -They are struck by hammers, are very resonant, loud, and pleasing. A -correspondent of the _Pall Mall Gazette_, speaking of their effect, -says: “The music of many tuneful bells, harmonious, ever changing, -lending themselves to any simple air, easy of management, and mellowed -as the sound of cathedral bells.... Such music I have heard at -Coventry.” - - - - -=Tube Chimes.= - - -The new invention which goes under the name of tube chimes is a musical -chime in which metal tubes instead of bells are employed. The tube -chimes can be used for any purpose that bells are used for, and besides -are an economical substitute for bells. They are remarkable also for -a depth and richness of tone which one does not expect to find except -in high class cathedral bells. A tube chime for a church belfry is -especially suitable. The carrying power is not quite equal to that of -bells. A chime was lately set up in the tower of one of the Dorsetshire -churches which has pleased all concerned. Rung for the first time on -occasion of the harvest festival, it caused both delight and surprise -by the sweet and melodious tones it gave out. The invention has not -long been brought under public notice, but the demand for household -octaves in place of the inharmonious gong is already very large. Mr. -Harrington has a taste for music, and the idea of adapting tubes of -metal for the musical purposes of bells is no new one. It has taken, -though, many years of experiment and study to perfect the principle. -One difficulty, which was a great obstacle in the way, may be alluded -to. The large chimes are rung by bell ropes, but, contrary to the -plan of bells, there is an external hammer instead of the internal -clapper. If the hammers were made of sufficient hardness to prevent -wear and tear, the chime lost its sweet tones and became harsh. If the -hammers were less hard, they would constantly require to be replaced. -Fortunately, that difficulty, like many others, has been satisfactorily -got over. The chimes can be, it should be noted, tuned to any desired -pitch, and Messrs. Harrington & Co. are probably warranted when they -say: “The introduction of this invention will, we are assured, mark -the commencement of a new era in connection with church bells and -carillons, chimes for clocks of all sizes, dinner calls and gongs, and -all mechanisms in which musical bells are used or required, and in some -of these departments bids fair to work a complete revolution.”—_The -Architect._ - -[Illustration: THE NEW TUBE CHIMES.] - - - - -MISS FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’S HOME. - - -At the residence of Sir Harry Verney, Claydon House, Buckinghamshire, -a deputation from the Working Men’s Club of Whatstandwell, Derbyshire, -recently waited on Miss Florence Nightingale, for the purpose of -presenting to her an oil painting, by Mr. E. Crosland, of her late -home, Lea Hurst, as a token of their esteem, and in recognition of -the great interest taken by her in that institution. The deputation, -consisting of Mr. F. C. Iveson, Mr. Crosland, the artist, and Mr. -W. Peacock, assured Miss Nightingale of the love felt for her by -all classes of people at Whatstandwell and in that district, and of -their gratitude for her kindness and help in every good work. Miss -Nightingale, in thanking them for the present, which she admired very -much, expressed her continued great interest in the institution and its -members, and assured them of her hopes for its welfare. The deputation -were entertained at Claydon House by Sir Harry and Lady Verney. We are -permitted to copy the picture of Lea Hurst in our engraving, using a -photograph taken by Mr. J. Schmidt, of Belper. - -[Illustration: LEA HURST, DERBYSHIRE, THE HOME OF MISS FLORENCE -NIGHTINGALE.] - -Miss Florence Nightingale is a lady whose name has been deservedly -honored in England since the Crimean war and has become the symbol -of a particular type of personal efforts in the service of afflicted -humanity. She was born at Florence, in May, 1820, youngest daughter -and coheiress of W. E. Nightingale, Esq., of Lea Hurst, Derbyshire, and -Embley Park, Hampshire. She devoted her attention to the working of -schools for the poor, juvenile reformatories, and hospitals, inspecting -many such institutions on the Continent, and residing, in 1851, with -the Protestant Sisters of Mercy at Kaiserswerth, on the Rhine. She next -bestowed her care and gifts of her money on the London Governesses’ -Sanatorium in Harley street. During the Crimean war, in 1854, when -the inefficient state of our military hospitals in the East demanded -instant reform, the hospital at Scutari, opposite Constantinople, was -established for the relief of sick and wounded British soldiers and -prisoners. It was resolved to form a select band of volunteer lady -superintendents and female nurses for this and other army hospitals. -At the request of the Secretary of State for the War Department, -Mr. Sidney Herbert, afterward Lord Herbert of Lea, Miss Nightingale -undertook the task of organizing and directing this service, which -she performed in a manner universally admired, and which earned her -the personal friendship of the Queen, with many public and private -expressions of gratitude and esteem. A testimonial fund amounting to -$250,000 was subscribed in recognition of her patriotic and benevolent -work, and was, at her special desire, applied to create and maintain an -institution for the training of nurses. Miss Nightingale’s impaired -health, for many years past, has debarred her from active public -exertions but she has continued to study the plans and operations of -those charitable agencies on which she is a high authority, and has -written brief treatises on subjects of much practical importance. Her -“Notes on Hospitals,” printed in 1859; “Notes on Nursing,” in 1860; -and “Notes on Lying‐in Institutions,” and on the training of midwives -and midwifery nurses, in 1871, were of considerable utility. She also -wrote, in 1863, valuable observations on the sanitary condition of -the army in India, and has furnished to the War Office useful reports -and suggestions concerning the army medical department.—_Illustrated -London News._ - - - - -Painting. - - -In order to use paints and oils economically, a clear understanding of -their purpose and action is absolutely necessary. Linseed oil is said -to “dry” after being applied. That is only partially true. It rather -oxidizes and changes to a tough, gummy substance not unlike hard glue. -This action is accelerated by the use of “driers,” as they are called. -But in no case does it give the same results as when left to dry of -its own free will. The carbonate of lead or mineral which is added to -the oil gives the color and assists in making up the body. The life of -the paint is the oil, and when it is oxidized, it alone is the binding -element. Upon it depends the durability of the paint. A piece of wood -dipped in linseed oil and hung up to dry, or oxidize, in the air, will -soon become covered with a beautiful translucent film of oxidized oil, -which grows harder daily. It will take a high polish and preserve the -wood. Another piece dipped in carbonate of lead, or mineral, mixed in -turpentine, or any fluid to allow it to spread evenly over the surface, -will when dry have a dead or flat color without polish or body to -bind it together, and the slightest abrasion will remove portions of -it. All painting is done either with pure oils or with the admixture -of a fluid like turpentine, which assists in the distribution of the -mineral, but does not add to the body. When the surface of wood has -been covered with a thick coating of oxidized oil, it can be washed and -rubbed to look clean and polished. Boats, when of a light color, are -often painted with a mixture containing much turpentine, in order that -all marks may be removed with a little beach sand, by rubbing off the -mineral, which is not bound together securely by oil, but only loosely -by turpentine. Car builders now often paint their cars or varnish them -a second time soon after the first, say after about six months’ run. -This gives them a good coat of oxidized oil to withstand the weather -and preserve the wood. A few coats applied within short intervals -produce a fine covering which is very durable and will take a polish -after washing.—_Master Mechanic._ - - - - -Removal of Chimneys. - - -An interesting scene was caused recently by the blowing up of the -two immense chimneys on Borsig’s machine works in Berlin. A large -number of spectators were present to witness the ceremony, including -several officers of the army, the trustees of the Borsig estates, and -the employes of the works. Punctually at five minutes past six P. M., -the signal to “Look out!” was given; then came the word of command, -“Fire!” and at this moment the vast chimney, towering to a height of -say 120 feet 9 inches, quietly collapsed. The noise occasioned by the -fall was not very great, ditches two meters in breadth having been -dug all round the chimney and filled with straw. For blowing up this -colossus, which consisted of 98,000 bricks and was topped with a heavy -iron cap weighing twenty‐five centners, only 24 kilos of dynamite were -employed. Photographs were taken of the chimney before it fell, and -also as it was in the act of falling, by an officer of the Commission -for Experimenting with Explosives. The second chimney standing about -80 feet high, was blasted with gun cotton, of which 35 kilos were -required. - - - - -HOMES OF FACTORY OPERATIVES. - - -The institution of the factory system changed the workshop home of the -domestic system to the home proper by transferring work to the factory. -As a result, the homes of the operatives under the factory system have -undergone a great change, and are still undergoing changes, which are -making the English significance of the word “home” a reality to the -poorest. It is perfectly true that in every large factory town one can -find loathsome dwellings occupied by groups of persons called families. -In most factory towns, both in America and Europe, it is easy to find -dwellings occupied by factory operatives which are a disgrace to the -owners and the municipality. Yet, taking the operative population of -such towns as a class, they are very comfortably housed, and about as -well housed in one country as another. The personal inspection of more -than 1,000 homes of factory operatives leads Mr. Carroll D. Wright to -this conclusion, he having written a special report on the “Factory -System of the United States” for the Census Bureau. - -British factory houses being floored with stone, as a rule, present -a cold and cheerless look. The dimensions of the British house are -much smaller than factory houses in America. The tenements of three -rooms have much less space than tenements of three rooms here. This is -generally true of all European factory towns. But the houses of the -operatives are, as a rule, separate ones, the tenement house being -quite unknown except where what is termed the “model workingmen’s -houses” are being tried. The boarding house is not an institution for -factory operatives. - -[Illustration: OPERATIVE’S HOUSE AT WILLIMANTIC FACTORIES.] - -At Saltaire, near Bradford, the homes of the work‐people are excellent; -rents vary from $30 to $100 per year for three to five room houses. The -houses are neat, tidy, and prettily furnished. At Queensbury, where -John Foster & Son have works, the weavers earn 15 to 18 shillings per -week full run, and the rents are 84 cents per week for three rooms. -Some of the best houses in England are at Copley village, in Halifax, -built by James Akroyd & Sons. They rent three rooms for £10 per year, -and the operatives are helped to acquire a freehold. The Crowleys -at Halifax employ 5,000 people, who have good houses. The houses at -Salford and Manchester are not so good. The factories at Paisley are -excellent evidences of the good influence which arises from proper -interest in employes. The works of the Messrs. Clark and Messrs. Coates -are model establishments and the influence of model works extends to -the houses of the people employed, which are here very comfortable. -Rents vary from 72 cents to $2 per week, according to number of rooms. - -In Glasgow no cellarages can now be found. The operatives have gone -to the suburbs, where they have changed their cramped city abodes for -clean and light houses. Belfast, Ireland, is improving the dwellings of -the linen factory operatives. The houses are tidy, and rents are from -48 to 60 cents per week for four rooms. There are houses with flats -in Belfast. In the west and east of Scotland the operatives live very -largely in flats; rents in Dundee and Dunfermline being for two rooms -from $15 to $30 per year, and for three or four rooms from $30 to $50 -per year. - -Among the most substantial houses for workingmen will be found -those of Herr Krupp, in Essen, Rhenish Prussia. By his system of -employment he has the selection of the best mechanics in Europe. This -system comprehends all the advantages to be found in model industrial -establishments, including excellent tenements and gardens at low -rents. A foreman, a gun‐maker, earning $45 per month, receives four -rooms, a drying place on the roof, a cellar, and a garden for $45 per -year. A workman with wages at 75 cents per day pays $37 per year for -three large rooms, drying place, cellar, and garden. There are fair -tenements, in two or three story blocks, situated in colonies just -outside the towns. For $100 per year, one can obtain a most excellent -tenement of seven large rooms, cellar, garden, etc. The houses in -the colonies are owned by Herr Krupp. In fact, he believes that he -receives better results by owning everything, and by being able thereby -to control the sanitary surroundings of the dwellings of his people. -These colonies, each having its name, are laid out with park, schools, -churches, supply stores, etc. The housing of the single men is on the -barrack plan. - -It may be stated that the houses in Great Britain and on the Continent -are of stone or brick, as the locality may afford, and the neat wood -cottage of America cannot be found. It is quite impossible to compare -the houses of European factory operatives with those of the same class -in America. The great mass of the former are, generally speaking, quite -as well housed as the latter, so far as the quality of the house is -concerned; but so far as quantity of room and excellence of living are -concerned, the advantage is with the operatives of America. When the -operative of this country steps out of the boarding or the tenement -house, he steps into an individual home the equal of which cannot be -found in the factory towns of the Old World. - -The cottage of the American factory operative, when he sees fit to -occupy one, is superior to the cottage of the workingman of any other -country. It is most gratifying to know that the individual homes are -not only increasing in number in this country, but they are increasing -in influence. In all the leading factory towns this is the course of -progress. - -The plates we give on this page represent one of the styles of modern -cottages built by the Willimantic Linen Co., of Willimantic, Conn. With -each cottage is quite a garden of several thousand feet of land. The -rent is from $60 to $125 per year. These houses are located in such a -way as to exhibit variety of styles; that is, two of like architecture -are never placed side by side. The company has a large number of these -houses occupied by operators and overseers. The cuts show the front and -side elevations, and the plans of the two floors. These are given as a -type of the detached workingmen’s homes used in this country.—_Min. -and Sci. Press_. - - - - -Gangways v. Staircases. - - -Mr. A. Lindsay Miller, in the _Building News_, recommends for theaters -and other public buildings the use of gangways instead of stairs. - -In public works, especially dye works, they will not use the stairs, -but gain access to the several floors by gangways, with a rise of about -5 ft. in 12 ft. or 13 ft. of length, and any one watching the speed -and ease with which the workers run from floor to floor would at once -understand why staircases are not used. Of course, architecturally, -they have not the dignity of the staircase; but, in theaters and music -halls, dignity is secondary to security. The advantage of the gangway -is easily explained. - -In going down a stair, each step, or, in a hurry, each second step, -must be taken, and the slightest mistake throws the person down. In a -stair 12 ft. long, at least six different steps require to be taken. -In the gangway of the same length, a person in a hurry, or in the -excitement of a panic, would take it in two bounds, and with perfect -safety. - - - - -ROBURITE—A NEW EXPLOSIVE. - - -A number of experiments were conducted lately at the works of Messrs. -Heenan & Froude, Manchester, with a new explosive, called “roburite,” -which is manufactured in Germany, and is about to be introduced into -this country for use in blasting operations. The composition and -process of manufacture of this explosive are kept secret, but we -understand that it consists of two non‐explosive and perfectly harmless -substances, of such a nature that they may be stored or transported -without special precautions or restrictions. These two substances may -be mixed together when required, and, in combination, become roburite, -a yellowish compound, which will bear rough handling with safety. We -understand that an intense heat is necessary to explode it. In order to -prove this, the explosive was placed, in the experiments in question, -between two plates, which were freely rubbed together and hammered; -and a small quantity thrown upon a fire was merely consumed, without -exploding. - -[Illustration: Fig. 1.] - -In order to obtain an idea of the explosive effectiveness of roburite, -eight ounces of the explosive were placed on a plate of the very best -steel, at the point marked A in Fig. 1, which shows the state of the -plate after the explosion. This plate was 3 ft. square by ½ in. -thick, and a bulge of about 1 ft. diam. and 3½ in. deep was caused -by the explosion. Twelve ounces of the explosive were then placed at -A (Fig. 2) on a cast iron plate, 6 in. thick, and weighing nearly -three tons. After the explosion the plate was found to be broken -transversely, in the manner shown in the engraving. Unlike dynamite, -roburite is said to be in no way affected by varying temperatures, -and if duly protected against damp, it may be kept for years in any -climate, without its efficiency becoming in any way impaired. It is -also claimed by the manufacturers that roburite has an explosive force -greater than dynamite by at least 25 per cent. - -[Illustration: Fig. 2.] - -In exploding, roburite does not produce noxious gases, and, therefore, -may be used without intermission, while the poisonous gases given off -by dynamite often necessitate the stoppage of work, in some cases -for a considerable time. This new explosive is applicable for use -in mines and quarries, and for torpedoes and blasting operations -generally.—_Industries_. - - - - -Iron Beams In Place of Wood. - - -Speaking of the large apartment house in New York lately condemned for -dry rot (see illustration last November number of this paper), the -_American Architect_ says: A few of the floors were of spruce, and -these, as might be expected, had resisted the rot much better than the -hemlock, and were still sound, but the construction ought certainly -to be changed. In view of the dangers from this source which attend -efforts to provide fire‐resisting floors of wood, it would seem that -something might be done with light shapes of rolled iron beams. We have -seen rolled floor beams used in Paris nearly as light as wooden ones -of the same depth, and a tier of these, deafened with mortar on wire -in the French manner, and wire‐lathed underneath, with a wooden floor -over, would cost little more than a solid mass of wooden beams, and -would be proof against rot as well as fire. - - - - -BATHING ESTABLISHMENT AND CASINO IN VITTEL (VOSGES). BUILT BY CHARLES -GARNIER, ARCHITECT, OF PARIS. - - -The casino is built of plastered quarry stone, with the exception of -the socle, the balustrades, and the pillars, which consist of gray -Vosges sandstone. The facade is ornamented with mosaics, and the roof -is covered with slate of two colors. - -[Illustration: BATHING HOUSE AND SALOON AT VITTEL—CHARLES GARNIER, -ARCHITECT.] - -The bathing establishment is colored in Moorish style. Red brick bands -in the socle, as well as the faience and mosaics in the main cornice, -stand out artistically from the gray plaster of the walls. The roof is -covered with red tiles.—_Architektonische Rundschau_. - - - - -The Back Yard. - - -Our immediate ancestors had their farm house, with its necessary -accompaniment of granaries, barn, etc. We move to town and build our -shingle palace or brick mansion, with its large front show window, in -which the well preserved, gilt edged family Bible and the Rogers group -have it which and t’other for supremacy—and set up in our back yard, -to represent the outbuildings of our ancestry, a privy, a pile of -slabwood, generally as dumped, a few barrels, perhaps a cheap stable. -Not then satisfied with the amount of decaying wood about the premises, -we lay a lot of wood walk. - -Walking along the avenue, we see a pretentious residence. It must be -occupied by people of great refinement, for is not the most prominent -room in the house the library, the whole street side taken up with -an immense bay window, the glass reaching nearly to the floor? How -splendidly it was lighted as we passed last night! What elegant sets -of books on the shelves! Plenty of pictures, too. Let us to‐day take -a look at the back yard. Why do not these people board up the windows -at the back of the house? Here is a well with a dirty puddle by it, -the pump standing on a rotting platform; hard by some kitchen garbage, -farther on ashes, and so it goes, the whole rear of the lot so bad as -to discourage vegetable life even. It is mercifully screened in part -from the general view by a high, unpainted board fence, against which, -now and then, a weed or tuft of grass grows. Where is there better -field for the crusade? - -The rear of the house and the outbuildings, though not so expensively -finished, have a right to be carefully and artistically done. A -woodshed is not a nuisance if inclosed, well boarded and painted, and -the wood kept inside. A privy has no right to exist. If there be no -proper system of drainage in the house for a water closet, partition -off an earth closet from the woodshed or stable. Tasteful, well cared -for outbuildings and fences are not only not an offense to the artistic -sense, but are rather pleasing, indicating thrift, tidiness, and -comfort. But when we consider the opportunities they offer for the -support of the vine morning glories, sweet peas, nasturtiums, climbing -roses, and like forms of plant life, what a joyous recompense for so -little labor and care. Then all the available back yard space that is -not used for walks, drives, etc., should give either vegetables or -flowers—minister to the comfort or culture of the family. - -Listen to people who lament the bad influences of street associations -upon the children. Yet they say, very reasonably, the children must -have outdoor air, etc., and they have never considered but that the -only alternative from the housing of the children is the freedom of -the streets. They do not know what moral education is contained in a -few feet of ground, congenial work for the hands, and the prettiest of -life development studies for the mind. Give each of these street‐loving -children a flower bed, a small set of garden tools, some flower seeds, -and what help and advice they need, and note if there be not germs -of nobler thoughts and desires taking root at the same time in their -fertile natures. But—to moralize a little—there is a kinship between -the ornamented front and disgraceful rear of a residence and the -fine clothes and the false heart of the wearer, and we fear that the -majority of people who inhabit that sort of residence would rather risk -some contamination of their children’s characters than to see their -faces, hands, and clothes besmeared with Mother Earth. - -The back yard of the future will be a bower of flowers and greenery and -the leisure hour resort of the family.—_N. W. Architect_. - - - - -Thomas Ustick Walter. - - -Thomas Ustick Walter died at his home, in Philadelphia, on October 30, -aged eighty‐four years. He had been for some years president of the -American Institute of Architects. - -His first principal work was the new county prison, in 1831, now -generally known as “Moyamensing Jail.” In 1833 he made the original -designs for Girard College, and was sent to Europe by the building -committee of the institution. His tour through the principal countries -was made for the specific purpose of the study of the principal -buildings of the old world. Upon his return he took charge of the -college buildings, which were finished in 1847, in accordance with his -suggestions, when he was also made one of the directors of the college. - -Mr. Walter’s next great public work was the break‐water at Laguayra -for the Venezuelan government. In 1851 his design for the extension -of the national capitol was adopted, and he was appointed government -architect. He removed to Washington, where he designed several -prominent public buildings, among them being the wing added to the -Patent Office in 1851, the reconstruction of the Congressional Library -building, which was destroyed by fire in 1851, the extensions of -the United States Treasury building in 1855, and the Post Office in -the same year, the dome of the national capitol, and the government -hospital for the insane. - - - - -Pine Woods. - - -The sights and sounds of pine woods, the comfort and delight of walking -in them, cannot be half told in a short paragraph. They are also as -sanitary as they are pleasing and beautiful. It is said that the air -of the Black Forest does more to revive and cure weakly patients than -gallons of medicine; and from experience of the odors of pines at -night, or in the early morning and dewy eve, I should say they were not -only antiseptic, but strengthening as a dose of quinine. The living -leaves, as well as the dead and slowly decomposing needles, redolent of -healing and strengthening odors, bring back the color to pale cheeks -and strength to semi‐exhausted constitutions. - -The shelter of pine forests is also perfect. No matter how the wind -thunders and roars among the tops, calm prevails on the surface of -the ground. Just as the waves of the ocean are, after all, limited to -its surface while a perpetual calm rests on its deeper depths, so the -turmoil of the storm exhausts its force on the tops of the trees, while -the base of the boles are hardly moved by it. Hence the superlative -value of pines in masses for shelter. The shelter of a large pine -wood is unique in character, providing a local atmosphere as genial -as it is pleasant. The elasticity of the dead needles seems to get -into one’s spirits, and enables one for the nonce to bid adieu to the -cares and the ills of life. One saunters along under the shadow of -tall pines without fatigue, and can rest on the clean, sweet carpet of -dead needles and leaves with little fear of noxious weeds, insects, -or malaria; and the whole air is deodorized and charged to the full -with health‐giving properties by the odor‐distributing pines, that not -only provide warmth and shelter, but health, to all who walk under -or linger among them. Pine woods in England are mostly too small to -furnish to the full all these advantages; but the black forests of -Scotland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Russia are massive enough to -furnish shelter, shadow, rest, and health to those wise enough to seek -for either amid their grand trunks or under their dense, dark masses of -branches and leaves.—_The Garden_. - - - - -SKETCH FOR A COTTAGE. - - -We give from the _Architectural Era_ the floor plans and perspective -sketch for a cottage which presents a number of attractive features. -This house might be well built for $5,500, and perhaps less, depending -on the locality and style of interior finish. - -[Illustration: SKETCH FOR A COTTAGE.] - -[Illustration: FIRST FLOOR PLAN.] - -[Illustration: SECOND FLOOR PLAN.] - - - - -How We Have Grown. - - -When the history of the past seven years comes to be written, they -will stand as years of the most marvelous expansion ever known in our -history. Two of them, 1884 and 1885, were held as they passed to be -dull years, but even these included great growth, and were a period -of industrial readjustment rather than liquidation. The population of -this country has not increased more than a fourth since the census -of 1880, but house building, as an industry, has more than doubled, -the number of common brick made in this country having increased from -3,800,000,000 to 7,000,000,000, worth $49,000,000. As the lumber trade -has increased in less but large proportion, and iron production has -risen over one‐half from 4,300,000 tons in 1880 to 6,300,000 in 1886, -it is certain that the past seven years have seen the most active -building ever known in this country. Chicago uses one‐seventeenth of -the brick made in the country, and if its building represents the same -share of the cost of house erection of all sorts in the United States, -fully $2,000,000,000 have been spent on buildings in this country in -the last seven years. As about the same sum will be reached by adding -the building in the leading cities and estimating for the rest of the -country, the truth is probably not far from these figures, which are -under rather than over the mark. The railroad building since 1880 has -cost, at $50,000 a mile, $2,700,000,000. This makes $4,700,000,000, or -about one‐tenth of the national wealth in 1880, turned into railroads -and buildings in this country. As the residence and business real -estate of the country, including water power, was valued in the census -of 1880 at $9,881,000,000, and the railroads at $5,500,000,000, we -have added one‐half to the cost of the latter and one‐fifth to the -former in seven years, although the railroads represent the accumulated -construction of fifty years, and the buildings are spread over an even -longer period in their erection. This enormous increase has taken place -without adding a bale to the cotton to be carried or a bushel to the -grain raised. No more pork is produced now than in 1880, and the number -of sheep is no greater now than then. Great increase has been made -in cattle raised for food, in fruits, and, on the average, in canned -goods. Coal, taking bituminous and anthracite together, has increased -one‐half from 70,000,000 to 106,000,000 tons. Copper has advanced in -output from 27,009 tons in 1880 to 69,800 in 1886, and about the same -this year. A great advance is true of nearly all mineral products, but -in agriculture the United States has made little or no progress in -product in the last seven years, but a great advance in acreage or the -cost of cultivation.—_Philadelphia Press._ - - - - -A Good Suggestion. - - -Charles Hardy, in the _National Builder_, says: Underestimating means -working for nothing and forcing others to do the same; it means -impoverishment and poor work. The contractor has himself and his family -to maintain, and the temptation is great to get out by doing poor work. -I would suggest that every contractor purchase an account book large -enough to enter, line by line, upon a single page, every item of his -estimate—giving quantity, price, and labor for each item. Let him -leave opposite to this page a blank page, on which he may enter, on the -corresponding line opposite, the actual amount of labor expended upon -the item, and he will thus be able to see the result of his contract. - - - - -A TOWER of VICTORY has been erected on the grounds of Washington’s -Headquarters, at Newburg, N. Y., at a cost of $35,000. It affords -beautiful views of the Hudson, the Highlands, and the surrounding -country. - -[Illustration: A COTTAGE FOR $4,200. - -[For description see page 140.]] - -[Illustration: _1st Story Plan._] - -[Illustration: _2nd Story Plan._] - - * * * * * - -[Illustration: A RESIDENCE FOR $5,000. - -[For description see page 140.]] - -[Illustration: _FIRST STORY PLAN._] - -[Illustration: _SECOND STORY PLAN._] - - * * * * * - - - - -A $4,200 DWELLING. - - -We give a perspective view and plans of a neat dwelling, the general -dimensions of which are as follows: - -Front, 29 ft. 6 in., exclusive of bay window; side, 48 ft. 9 in., not -including piazza. - -Cellar, 7 ft.; first story, 9 ft. 6 in.; second story, 9 ft.; attic, 8 -ft. See floor plans for dimensions of rooms. - -_Materials._—Foundation, brick; first and second stories, clapboards; -gables, cut shingles; roof, slate. - -_Cost._—Four thousand two hundred dollars, including furnace and -mantels. - -[Illustration: A $4,200 DWELLING.] - -[Illustration: FIRST FLOOR PLAN.] - -[Illustration: SECOND FLOOR PLAN.] - -Fireplaces are provided in the dining room, parlor, and one bed room. -The attic has two bed rooms, front room, and hall. Cellar under the -whole house. - - - - -PROF. THOMAS, of Little Rock, has a curious library. The -covers of the books are of wood, each a different specimen. They are -made from white oak, red oak, black oak, chestnut, American beech, -birch, red cedar, yellow pine, pitch pine, willow, poplar, cypress, -“old field” or long‐leaved pine, bois d’arc, black walnut, hickory -(several varieties), white and red maple, box elder, black locust, -black sumac, water locust, coffee bean, wild plum, holly, basswood, -papaw, bay, umbrella, wild cherry, sweet gum, elm (several varieties), -sycamore, witch hazel, butternut, pecan, hickory, and twenty or more -other woods. - - - - -THE JOHN CROUSE MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN. - - -We take pleasure in presenting to our readers an illustration of -the John Crouse Memorial College for Women, which it is proposed to -erect on the hill west of the Hall of Languages, Syracuse University, -Syracuse, N. Y. This edifice is to be the gift of one of the wealthiest -and most prominent citizens of Syracuse, Mr. John Crouse. The donor of -this magnificent gift well deserves to be held in grateful remembrance -by every friend and well wisher of the Syracuse University, as well -as by the students and faculty. It is proposed to make this building -a model one in every respect, and neither pains nor money are to be -spared to render it the most perfectly equipped college to be found in -the country. The structure is to be five stories in height, to be built -of East Long Meadow brownstone, and to cover an area of nearly two -hundred feet square. - -In this connection a brief historical sketch of Syracuse University may -interest our readers. - -The college now known as Syracuse University had its origin in Lima, -a pretty little village in Western New York, but quite out of the -way, and not easy of access. It was then called Genesee College, -and the first gathering of faculty and students occurred on Monday, -June 9, 1851. The faculty consisted of Benjamin F. Tefft, D.D. LL.D. -and Professors Houghton, Douglass, Whitlock, and Alverson. On June -12 of same year, the Rev. B. F. Tefft was inaugurated president of -Genesee College, and on July 10 the names of thirty‐eight students -were enrolled on the college register. November 5 saw the faculty -increased by the addition of Professors Hoyt and Fowler. The college -thus organized continued with varying fortunes until July 7, 1871, when -it disbanded. In 1866 the subject of removing the college from Lima -began to be agitated, and the idea of a central university for the -Methodism of New York was first publicly announced in the _Northern -Christian Advocate_, during the year 1873. From this time forth the -new enterprise met with great favor on all sides, except with the -citizens of Lima, who were reluctant to see the withdrawal from their -midst of their principal attraction, to which we may well believe they -had become greatly attached, and who procured an injunction against -its removal. Prominent members of the Methodist Central Conference -were nevertheless commissioned to carry forward the good work, and -substantial aid was soon forthcoming. Syracuse, being the most central -city in the State, was finally settled upon as the most appropriate -home for the new college. - -[Illustration: ARCHIMEDES RUSSELL, Architect, Syracuse, N. Y.] - -The site now known as University Hill was secured, plans made by the -well known architect, H. N. White, were adopted, and July 19, 1871, -the contract for building the Hall of Languages was let for the sum -of $136,000, and Syracuse University became an assured fact. The -corner stone of the Hall of Languages was laid on August 31, with -impressive ceremonies, and the faculty of the College of Liberal -Arts was inaugurated. On September 1 the college opened in the Myers -block, which had been secured for the use of the university, and here -the sessions were held until May 1, 1873, when the Hall of Languages -being completed, it was on that date occupied for the first time. -During the year 1871 the plan for a medical college in connection -with the university was adopted, and its first commencement exercises -were held February 12, 1873. When the Hall of Languages was erected, -other buildings were contemplated at such time as the finances of -the university should admit of their realization. The institution -has struggled along, sometimes meeting with reverses, but now and -then being fortified and strengthened by the reception of substantial -encouragement from some of its many and devoted friends. Now at last -the wheel of fortune has suddenly turned in its favor, and it finds -itself at the flood tide of prosperity, with the prospect before it of -a long and honorable course of usefulness and well deserved success. -University Hill commands a magnificent view of the belt of hills which -girdle the city, with Onondaga Lake set like a sparkling gem in the -distance. Upon the west hill an observatory has just been erected, -and near the Hall of Languages a suitable building is in process of -erection, for the accommodation of the fine and valuable library which -has been generously bestowed upon it by one of its friends. Syracusans -are proud of the University, and they, in common with its hosts of warm -friends throughout all parts of the country, rejoice in the evidence of -its well merited prosperity. - -The alumni of Syracuse University have members not only in almost -every State in the Union, but count among their number graduates -from Canada, England, Mexico, San Domingo, Brazil, China, India, and -Japan.—_Architectural Era_. - - - - -How a Marble Statue is Made. - - -Mr. John A. P. Macbride, sculptor, who was introduced to a large -audience, chiefly of workingmen, by Sir James Picton, recently gave a -practical lecture on the above subject, at the Rotunda lecture hall, -Liverpool. After giving a sketch of the art and its great antiquity, -the lecturer drew a profile in chalk on the blackboard, which he filled -in with clay, and proceeded to demonstrate the building up and modeling -of a portrait bust of soft clay. He stated that there was a general -and erroneous opinion that in taking a portrait bust it was necessary -to take a cast of the face. This was a mistake, for the head lost all -the spirit and go by such a mechanical process that should distinguish -an artist’s work. The truth was not always that which appeared to be -true, and the sculptor had to convey some idea of the character as well -as of the mind of the sitter; and a man who knew his work ought to be -able to do so with his fingers. Carving was a secondary consideration. -The lecturer then explained the process of pointing a marble statue. -In this process, the model and the block of marble were each fixed on -a base called a scale stone, to which a standard vertical rod could be -attached at corresponding centers, having at its upper end a sliding -needle, so adapted by a movable joint as to be set at any angle and -fastened by a screw when set. The sculptor having marked the governing -points with a pencil on the model, the instrument was applied to these, -and the measure taken. The standard being then transferred to the block -base, the pointer, guided by this measure, cuts away the marble, taking -care to leave it rather larger than the model, so that the general -proportions were kept, and the more important work then left for the -sculptor’s hand.—_Building News._ - - - - -About 5,500 buildings have been rebuilt and improved in Charleston, -S. C., in the year since the earthquake, and 270 new buildings have -been erected. This has been a busy year with mechanics and builders at -Charleston, and about $3,500,000 has been expended in this work. - - - - -A STABLE COSTING $5,500. - - -We present herewith front and rear perspectives, with plans, for a -handsome stable now being erected in Brooklyn, N. Y., from designs and -plans prepared at the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN office. The general -dimensions are: Front, 40 feet; side, 25 feet. Height of stories: First -story, 11 feet: 5 feet breastwork in second story. - -[Illustration: A STABLE COSTING $5,500—FRONT VIEW.] - -[Illustration: A STABLE COSTING $5,500—REAR VIEW.] - -[Illustration: FIRST FLOOR PLAN.] - -[Illustration: SECOND FLOOR PLAN.] - -_Materials._—Foundation, stone; water table, red granite; outside -walls, red pressed brick; trimmings, buff brick; tower and gables, -shingles; roof, black and red slate; inside wall finish, enameled -brick; ceilings and stable work, Georgia pine; cellar under carriage -room. Cost, $5,500. - -_Special Features._—Space for six carriages in carriage room; -accommodation for four horses; ample ventilation and light; stable -connected by sliding door. Both floors are laid with 2 inch Georgia -pine plank. - - - - -A Great Building. - - -Mr. J. L. Smithmeyer, architect of the Congressional Library building, -states in his first annual report that the Congressional Library -building when completed will be the largest structure in Washington, -with the exception of the Capitol. It will cover 111,000 square feet of -space. - -In a building of such magnitude and importance, every step in the -progress of the work must be carefully considered, lest fatal mistakes, -due to hasty construction, should occur. It was deemed of the utmost -importance to test every foot of ground supporting the foundation -walls. For this purpose a traveling testing machine was constructed, -which will give an accurate test of the entire soil. The tests thus far -made have been most satisfactory, the soil standing a maximum pressure -of 13·5 tons to the square foot, only 2·5 tons being required. These -tests will be continued until the foundations are laid. - -The method of testing the soil and putting in the concrete foundations -may be briefly described as follows: First, the trench excavations are -made by the contractor to the width and depth required by the plans, -the bottom of the trenches being made perfectly level. Then the testing -machine, consisting of a car bearing the required amount of weight in -pig lead for making the tests, is placed in the trenches upon iron -rails, which rest upon four cast iron pedestals, the latter being set -four feet apart each way, each pedestal covering one foot of ground. -Thus, one‐fourth of the entire weight borne by the car rests upon -each one of the pedestals, and the precise weight sustained by each -square foot of ground is exactly determined. The soil being thus tested -as to its resisting strength, is then ready to receive the concrete -foundations. - - - - -A COTTAGE FOR $4,200. - - -We give on page 136 a perspective view and floor plans of a cottage -costing $4,200. The general dimensions are: - -Front, 32 ft.; side, 39 ft. 2 in., exclusive of bay window and butler’s -pantry. The size of rooms will be seen by reference to the floor plans. - -The height of stories is as follows: Cellar, 7 ft.; first story, 9 ft. -6 in.; second story, 9 ft.; attic, 8 ft. - -_Materials._—Foundation, stone; first and second stories, clapboarded; -gables, cut shingles; roof, slate. - -_Cost._—Four thousand two hundred dollars, including furnace and -mantels. - -This house is designed to be heated by a furnace. There are fireplaces -in the dining room and in one front bed room. The attic has two bed -rooms and hall finished, and garret. Cellar under the whole house. - - - - -A RESIDENCE FOR $5,000. - - -The house illustrated on page 137 has the following general dimensions: - -Front, 31 ft. 6 in., including bay window; side, 43 ft., including bay -window. - -Cellar, 7 ft.; first story, 10 ft.; second story, 9 ft. 6 in.; attic, 8 -ft. The floor plans show the sizes of the rooms. - -_Materials._—Foundation, stone; first and second stories, clapboards; -gables, cut shingles; roof, slate. - -_Cost._—Five thousand dollars, without heater and mantels. - -It may be heated by a furnace. There are fireplaces in the dining room -and in one chamber. The attic has two chambers and hall finished. -Cellar under the whole house. Water closet off the laundry, and private -stairs from kitchen to platform of main staircase. - - - - -Proportions of Rooms. - - -There are few objects connected with our art that have been more -frequently dwelt on by those who have undertaken to be our guides and -monitors than the right proportions to be given to rooms. Vitruvius -led the way, and subsequent theorizers have laid down, sometimes very -dogmatically, their views of just proportions. I find, however, in the -actual practice of the ablest men such extreme diversity, and I observe -pleasing effects producible by the adoption of such widely different -proportions, that I find myself, I confess, much inclined to be -somewhat incredulous of all these theories. Certainly if beauty could -be thus reduced to a formula, and the proper relation indisputably -established between the length, breadth, and height of every room, -a royal road would be cleared for us, which would be at least very -convenient both to those who teach and to those who learn. I fear I -can scarcely hope to furnish you with such a desirable help in your -studies. I find rooms of universally admitted beauty, yet of almost -every geometrical figure. I have heard of the room in the museum of -Florence, the Tribune it is called, which contains the Venus di Medici, -spoken of in terms of rapturous approval for the beauty of its form -and proportions. This saloon is an equilateral octagon on plan. I have -known square rooms greatly admired—such, for example, as the saloon in -Cobham Hall, which is usually pointed to as one of the _chefs‐d’œuvre_ -of Inigo Jones. Who is there that is not charmed with the proportions -of the Pantheon at Rome? This, you know, is circular. The classical -teacher of our art, Vitruvius, seems to contemplate only rectangular -forms, and directs us to adapt the double cube and the cube and a half, -whether for a temple or a triclinium. - -The Sistine Chapel, attached to the Papal Palace, upon which the best -art of Italy in its best days was expended, is a triple cube, viz., -133 by 44. While of modern French, Italian, and English teachers, each -seems to have his own special favorite proportion. The truth I believe -to be that, so bounteously have we been endowed, and so liberally have -the laws of beauty in form and proportion been framed, there exists -in fact an endless variety of beautiful forms and proportions. My -impression is that it is as little consistent with truth to lay down -any one definite form or proportion as the best as it is to extol any -one particular curve as the line of beauty. I believe that there are as -many pleasing proportions to be given to rooms as there are pleasing -harmonies of color and sound. The purpose of a room must always be an -important guide in determining the form and proportions to be given -to it. If planned so long in proportion to its width as to remind us -of a passage, it loses its distinctive character, and creates a false -impression, which it can never be good art to do. It is indeed obvious -that a consideration of the special fitness of a room for its destined -uses must always greatly influence its proportions. The octagon form, -so much affected by our ancestors in planning their chapter houses, -owes its origin probably far more to the propriety of that form for a -chamber intended for the convenient assemblage of the members of the -chapter sitting in council than to any intrinsic architectural beauty, -however unquestionable that beauty may be.—_S. Smirke._ - - - - -The _Firemen’s Herald_ says fire protection, like charity, should begin -at home. However efficient may be the public service against fire, a -single bucket of water properly administered may stop a fire that all -the efforts of the brigade would be unable to quench, and besides, the -jet of a powerful engine is as destructive in its way as fire to all -perishable articles within a room, such as furniture, pictures, and -bric‐a‐brac. - - - - -Plants for Room Decoration. - - -The universal custom now prevailing in most establishments of having a -few plants in addition to cut flowers dotted about the different rooms -induces me to write a short paper thereon, not only because it has -developed into a very important part of the gardener’s work, but it -likewise requires a fair share of taste in the arrangements, as well as -suitable plants for the purpose. Generally speaking, each room being -differently furnished will require a different class of plants for -its adornment, but, as a rule, plants with stiff, upright growth are -objectionable to the eye, as they do not hide the pot or stems unless -others of a dwarfer growth are associated with them; therefore they -should only be used when possessing special features either in flower -or foliage. Too many plants in a room are objectionable, because they -detract from rather than elevate or enhance the effect, especially if -the room is elaborately furnished. For instance, plants assigned to the -front hall or corridor would be unsuitable in a drawing room or boudoir. - -Another important matter to study is the various kinds of receptacles -provided for the use of plants. These vary in size and shape greatly, -but are generally of a fanciful, elaborate, and artistic design, and -the plants for these should be selected with the greatest care and -taste, so as to add a completeness and finish, and in no way hide or -diminish the effect of their appearance. I have often found, however, -a great difficulty in getting plants to go in them without taking -them out of the pots, and in many cases I have found it necessary to -reduce the ball of roots in order to fit the latter in properly. This -quite ruins the plant, for, in the case of choice or delicate growing -subjects, it is almost impossible for them to recover. But in order to -meet this difficulty, it is advisable to make a selection of plants, -grow them in suitable sized pots, and use them for no other purpose. -To do this it requires a sufficient number for three changes; say, if -twenty plants are required at one time, sixty should be grown, and -duplicates of all to be grown to follow on. - -The atmosphere of rooms is generally dry, though warm, and impregnated -with gas and other enemies to plant life. So different is all this to -the healthy atmosphere of a plant house, that it is necessary that -every plant used should have completed its growth, or some injury will -follow. Take the different varieties of adiantums, for instance. If -used for the decoration of rooms in a growing state, the young fronds -would most certainly be injured; yet, when properly prepared, there -are no more popular or suitable plants for the purpose, and they can -be grown to a useful size in small pots. Nephrolepis exaltata, though -not so choice as others, is a most handsome fern to use. Its long and -gracefully drooping fronds are an ornament in any position, while many -of the Pteris family have a fine and graceful appearance, and may be -used freely. Nice plants of Spiræa japonica with or without flowers are -very ornamental. The different sorts of lycopods make perfect plants -for small vases, as also do the artillery plant (Pilea muscosa) and -the little Caladium argyrites. In fact, there is no lack of either -foliage or flowering plants suitable for a tasteful arrangement either -in a drawing room or boudoir, while for more commodious places, such -as the entrance hall, corridor, or staircase, and where larger plants -are admissible, there is the beautiful Caladium esculentum, with noble -foliage and which stands well, several sorts of palms, the larger -fronded ferns, curculigo, Ficus elastica, Hibbertia volubilis, and the -calla or Ethiopian lily, all of which have a reputation for retaining -their beauty better than many others, and therefore should be grown -for the purpose. But to avoid as little injury as possible, frequent -changes are necessary, and it is a very good rule to water every -plant well before it is used, and when it again needs water change it -for another. Let all pots and plants be kept very clean, and avoid -letting the plants remain long enough to make growth in the different -positions, for such growth, when brought out to the light, is generally -very weak.—_Thomas Record, The Garden._ - - - - -THE WAINWRIGHT HORIZONTAL FEED‐WATER HEATER. - - -We illustrate herewith the Wainwright Horizontal Feed‐Water Heater, -adapted for use in a horizontal position under the floor of an engine -room, or where the head room is limited. The feed water enters at the -lower opening marked “feed,” fills the body of the heater, and having -been heated by the exhaust steam surrounding the tubes, passes to the -boiler at upper opening marked “feed,” the exhaust entering at either -end. A drip pipe, as shown, is provided for escape of the water of -condensation, and a hand hole for washing and cleaning. It will be -seen that this heater contains a large body of water well disposed to -receive heat, the tubes, being of corrugated copper, present 50 per -cent. increased heating surface over plain tubes of the same length, -while at the same time five times the strength is added, and owing to -their property of expansion and contraction, all danger of the ends -pulling out or the joints working and leaking is eliminated. This -property of expansion and contraction also prevents any accumulation of -scale and sediment. - -[Illustration: HORIZONTAL FEED‐WATER HEATER.] - -These heaters are manufactured by The Wainwright Mfg. Co., 65 Oliver -St., Boston. - - - - -The Charter Gas and Gasoline Engine. - - -This gas engine, manufactured by the Williams & Orton Manufacturing -Company, of Sterling, Illinois, possesses various features that must -commend it to the attention of all interested in the production of -power from gas. It is characterized by great simplicity, having no -gearing, so that it is practically noiseless. It has a power and a -supply cylinder, one placed over the other, and each working or worked -by its own crank. An impulse is given at every revolution of the wheel, -and by the governing device the amount of gas consumed is regulated in -proportion to the work done. The ignition valve is easily accessible, -and needs no adjustment on starting the engine. It can be used either -for gas or gasoline. For the latter, a few drops are aspirated at each -stroke into the cylinder, where mingling with the air they form the -mixture for ignition. The gasoline can be kept in a tank outside the -building, and is subjected to no contact with the flame until it has -been thoroughly vaporized and has entered the working cylinder. - - - - -AN IMPROVED DOUBLE SURFACE PLANER. - - -[Illustration: GLEASON’S DOUBLE SURFACE PLANER.] - -A four‐roll machine that is simple and durable, and all geared with -the most improved extension gearing, is shown in the accompanying -illustration, as made by Messrs. E. & F. Gleason, manufacturers -of improved wood tools, American Street and Susquehanna Avenue, -Philadelphia, Pa. Both heads are driven with one counter, and only two -belts are required, the adjustment of bed and control of feed being -both on left‐hand side of machine, at B C, within immediate reach -of the operator. The bottom head is quite as easy of adjustment as -the top head, having large screws, F, one at each box, to regulate -cut or chip and keep it in line with bed and top head, both heads -having self‐oiling boxes. The machine will double‐surface stuff from -one‐eighth inch to six inches in thickness. It occupies a floor space -of about four feet by forty inches. The counter shaft has patent -self‐oiling hangers and patent self‐oiling loose pulleys. - - - - -Foundations in Wet Ground. - - -A new method of making foundations in wet ground has been devised by M. -Bonnetond, a French military engineer. His plan is to bore a hole 10 -ft. or 12 ft. deep and 1½ ft. in diameter in the damp ground, and in -this a series of dynamite cartridges are placed, and finally exploded. -The expansion of the gases generated drives the water far out beyond -the sides of the hole, into which it does not return for at least -half an hour. The time thus gained is utilized in rapidly excavating -the cavity, which is then filled with a cement concrete, which sets -before the return of the water. The method has been adopted in the -construction of a fortified enceinte at Lyons, and is said to have led -to very rapid work. - - - - -HOW TO MAKE A CHEERFUL FIRESIDE. - - -In the accompanying illustration is shown one of several forms of -arranging artificial sticks or logs in a fireplace for burning gas, -to give a close imitation of a blazing wood fire, which has been -patented and is made by Henry P. Dixon & Co, of 1330 Chestnut Street, -Philadelphia. Several other forms of logs and grouping are also made, -the sticks and the logs being colored to resemble wood, and having -fixed between them splints of asbestos, which become incandescent when -in use, so that when the gas is turned on and a match applied to the -small jets arranged to the best advantage over and between the logs, it -gives the appearance of a first class wood fire. These artificial logs -are made of material not injured by the flames, and are designed to -last a life‐time without cracking or breaking, the gas being supplied -through a brass union fixed in the back of each log, through which -connection can be readily made by rubber tubing or otherwise to the -nearest gas pipe. A good, cheerful fire, which makes neither dust, -dirt, nor ashes, is thus ever ready at hand and available by simply -turning on and lighting the gas, the flow of which is regulated as -desired. - -[Illustration: ARTIFICIAL LOGS FOR FIREPLACES.] - - - - -The Sounding Board in St. Paul’s Cathedral. - - -The form of the sounding board is, I think, a novelty, but I am led -to believe that it is an approach to the true form for the purpose. -Flat sounding boards have been most commonly tried, but they are now -generally discarded. A parabolic sounding board behind the preacher -has been used with a certain effect, but the advantage is limited to -those in the direction of the axis of the curve; and in these cases, -action and reaction being equal, the preacher can sometimes hear the -criticisms of his audience, if any should be uttered tolerably loud -in the proper direction. Besides which, a shell of this description -would have had little effect in stopping the objectionable echoes. To -meet these difficulties, a curve was selected which has the property -of distributing uniformly in every direction so much of the preacher’s -voice as can be advantageously reflected. The figure is hyperbolic, -the axis being perpendicular over the preacher. The diameter is ten -feet, and so much of the voice it receives is reflected as if it came -from a point about four feet from the preacher. It would be interesting -to know, but I am not aware that sufficient experiments have been -made to ascertain, what amount of sound is reflected from a given -material. The harder the material, obviously the better the result. -In this case hard organ pipe metal has been used. I observed a marked -increase of audibility of the voice at a place where the assistance -of the reflected sound is obtained over a point equidistant from the -pulpit, but too high to receive the reflected wave from the sounding -board.—_F. C. Penrose._ - - - - -THE POPULAR “FORTUNE” HOT AIR FURNACE. - - -A hot air furnace that is designed to include all the good elements -of the best styles of modern construction, and is especially adapted -for suburban houses, is shown in the accompanying illustration. -It is manufactured by Messrs. Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson & Co, of -Philadelphia, in four sizes, and has clinker‐cleaning, shaking, and -dumping grate, upright lever for shaking the grate, improved dust -flue and check draft, improved cylinder, with and without drum heads, -and extra large radiating surface, being durable and cheap, while -economical in use. These furnaces are made at a moderate price, without -any expense being put on for mere show, and thousands of them are in -use in nearly all parts of the country. - -[Illustration: THE FORTUNE HEATER.] - - - - -Not Defective Plumbing. - - -It many times so happens that plumbing is found a ready excuse for -filthy people to place the blame upon “defective plumbing,” while -in reality it is other defects that are the real cause. There are -many things to take into consideration besides faulty plumbing. You -should ask yourself: Is your cellar pure? How many germs of disease -are lurking there because you have failed to properly drain and -ventilate it, and remove the decayed vegetation and other impurities? -And the well or spring; how much filth, unseen or unrealized though -it be, is permitted to enter there, until at last it enters your life -blood and becomes a part of your being, bringing you to an untimely -grave?—_Plumbers’ Trade Journal._ - - - - -AN IMPROVED HAND AND FOOT POWER BAND SAW. - - -A strong and well made band saw machine, to be run by foot or hand -power, is shown in the accompanying illustration, and is manufactured -by Messrs. J. M. Marston & Co., of No. 3 Appleton Street, Boston, Mass. -The table is 18 × 21 inches and 42 inches high, and is adjustable for -cutting on a bevel. There is an adjustable guide for the saw above and -below the table, the saw pulleys are 16 inches in diameter, and the -driving power is by means of gears, all shafts being of steel. The -upper saw pulley has an adjustment to tighten the saw and bring it in -line with the lower saw pulley. The power machines are from the same -pattern, and are arranged with driving shaft and pulley on lower part -of the frame, and tight and loose pulley on lower saw shaft, so that -it can be belted direct from main shafting without counter shaft. The -machine is a very easy‐working one, cutting some four times as fast as -a gig saw with less power. - -[Illustration: MARSTON’S BAND SAW.] - -The circular saw machine made by the same firm has its center part of -iron, with grooves planed for gauges to slide in, which allows very -fine and exact work to be done on the machine. There is a collar on -the arbor, so that any endwise wear can be taken up, and the gears are -accurately cut from solid iron. The aim of the manufacturers has been -to make a simple, strong, accurate, and durable machine, such as can be -put to hard work without injury, some of their saws having been in use -for fifteen years without needing repairs. - - - - -Superior =Copper Weather Vanes= - -GILDED WITH PURE GOLD. - -TOWER ORNAMENTS, CHURCH CROSSES, FINIALS, ETC. - -[Illustration: N E W S] - -Vanes made from any Drawing or Design on Short Notice. - -=T. W. JONES,= - - SUCCESSOR TO - =CHAS. C. BRIGGS,= - =V. W. BALDWIN,= - -Removed from 213 Pearl Street to - - =168 Front Street,= - Near Maiden Lane, - NEW YORK. - -Illustrated catalogue of over 250 designs, mailed to any address on -receipt of a two cent stamp, half the postage. - - - - -[Illustration: ACME - - PAT. REG. - 27. 83.] - -=GEO. W. MARBLE, Sole Manufacturer of THE ACME WRENCH.= - -The best made, all steel, and warranted, 8 sizes. - -28 to 32 South Canal Street, Chicago, U. S. A. - - - - -DEXTER BROTHERS’ ENGLISH SHINGLE STAINS - -[Illustration: - -H. W. HARTWELL & WM. C. RICHARDSON. ARCHTS. - -BOSTON MASS] - -Are made of the very best English Ground Colors, and contain no -benzine, water, or creosote. They have been thoroughly tested by some -of the best Architects in the country during the past three or four -years, and the colors are more lasting than any other stain. The price -is 75 cents a gallon for any color. We would advise Architects to -specify Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stain, and note the number on -the Sample boards. Send for Sample Boards of Colors. - - DEXTER BROTHERS, - 55 and 57 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. - - - - -ARCHITECTS - -SHOULD ALWAYS SPECIFY - -[Illustration: - -Mueller’s WATER PRESSURE Regulators] - -to insure against the bursting of pipes and to preserve a uniform -pressure throughout the building. - -Write for illustrated catalogue and prices. - - =H. MUELLER & SONS, - 220 and 222 East Main St., Decatur, Ill.= - - - - -=COMPETITION.= - -=SCHOOL HOUSES.= - -=[At Albany, N. Y.]= - - STATE OF NEW YORK, - DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, - SUPERINTENDENT’S OFFICE, - ALBANY, N. Y., September 20, 1887. - - -Plans and specifications for school‐houses. - -Architects are invited to submit competition plans for six school -buildings, for which $975 is offered in prizes. Time of competition -limited =to December 15, 1887=. - -For further particulars address - - A. S. DRAPER, - State Superintendent, Albany, N. Y. - - - - - ALL OUR FURNACES ARE - ABSOLUTELY - Gas Tight - - -=Constructed with Simplicity & Economy. Healthy, Pure Warm Air. -No Flues to Stop Up. No Mechanic Required Every Year to Put Them in -Order.= - -Has more radiating surface than any Hot Air Furnaces made. Every -Joint is a Steam Boiler Joint. Adapted for Heating Dwellings, Stores, -Churches, School‐houses, etc. - -MANUFACTURED BY - - =Klein Furnace Co., - 250 and 254 North Ave., Rochester, N. Y.= - -[Illustration: Klein’s Steel Plate Tubular Furnaces.] - -Also Mfrs. of Economist Steel Plate Ranges. - -☞See them and you will buy no other Warm Air Furnace. Every Heater -Warranted. - - - - -Architects, ✠ Builders, ✠ and House ✠ Owners - -[Illustration: Cable Section.] - -[Illustration Cable Section.] - -Should use our =Lead Covered Electric Conductors and Cables= for -circuits for Electric Call Bells, Annunciators, Electric Gas Lighting, -Incandescent Lighting, or for communication between Residence and -Stable, etc., and avoid the vexation and inconvenience of broken, -leaky, or grounded circuits. Our Cables are moisture proof and can -be embedded in the plaster walls, while the flat cable is specially -adapted for arranging along the wainscoting, and staining to match. -They are permanent, reliable, and economical. - -[Illustration Cable Section.] - -[Illustration Cable Section.] - -Standard Underground Cable Co. - - GENERAL OFFICES: - No. 708 PENN AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA. - - Branch Offices: - Telephone Building, Cortlandt St., New York. G. L. Wiley, Manager. - 139 East Madison Street, Chicago. F. E. Dehenhardt, Manager. - -MANUFACTURERS OF - -The WARING ANTI‐INDUCTION and BUNCHED CABLES, and ACHESON COMPOUND -CABLE. - -For Telegraph, Telephone, Electric Light and Power, Underground, -Submarine, and Aerial. - -=Light Leaded Cables (containing one or more conductors) for use in -Houses, or for connecting Residence and Stable.= - -_Insulated Line Wire, Underwriters’, Magnet, Annunciator, and Office -Wire._ - - All Work Guaranteed. - ☞ Send for Illustrated Circular.☜ - - - - -JAMES F. WOOD & CO. - -PATENTEES AND MANUFACTURERS OF THE GREAT AMERICAN PIPE COVERING - - FOR - HOT‐AIR PIPES - STEAM GAS AND WATER - PIPES - - FRONT AND ORANGE STS - WILMINGTON, DEL. - -[Illustration: PATENTED IN UNITED STATES AND CANADA] - - -These coverings beyond question are the best non‐conductors of heat -known to the scientific world. They are easily applied, very durable, -and =indestructible=. Recommended by Engineers and Architects. - - INSULATION OF HEAT. - PROTECTION AGAINST FROST. - FREEDOM FROM RATS, MICE, AND INSECTS. - -Many good Heaters have been condemned and thrown away for not giving -a supply of hot air, when the fault was in the uncovered pipes in the -cellar wasting the heat, which could have been saved with J. F. Wood & -Co.’s Great American Pipe Covering. - -It sends the heat where wanted. It protects the woodwork near from -fire. It is a great saving in fuel. It prevents water and gas pipes -from freezing. It prevents the condensation of steam. Fire and -water have no effect on them. _They do not powder down, char, nor -crack._ They are cleanly in application. They are neat and regular -in appearance. They are applied to pipes without the use of paste or -cement of any kind. =Send for Catalogue and Price List.= - - - - -[Illustration: - -Solar Iron Clad. - -E Rogers. Phila’] - - -This is a Cast Iron Casing, lined with tin or galvanized iron, to -prevent direct radiation of heat in cellar; four loose panels lift out, -so as to give access to furnace for repairs or renewal, if necessary, -without disturbing the Hot Air Pipes; it has sliding panels for feed -door and smoke pipe to allow for expansion; it has also a dust flue and -flue door for Damper. We claim this to be the most complete, durable, -and convenient cold case made, equal in efficiency to Brick set, with -much less room required and less expensive, besides the facility for -access for repairs, without requiring, as in a brick set, so large -a space to work in. It is much superior to the ordinary sheet iron -casing, both for durability and efficiency. It is not necessary to -remove the casing or Hot Air Pipe to clean out, or repair, or even -renew or change the heater. - - =The Leibrandt & McDowell Stove Co., - PHILADELPHIA and BALTIMORE.= - - - - -=L. MANASSE,= - -IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER, - -=88 Madison Street, Chicago, Ill.= - -[Illustration: Drawing Tools.] - -ARCHITECTS’ AND SURVEYORS’ SUPPLIES. - -=Drawing Tools, Papers, Tapes, Chains, Colors, Inks, etc.= - -=Improved LEVELS for Builders and Tiling.= - -Illustrated Catalogues Sent on Application. - - - - -[Illustration: Established 1857.] - -=The GREAT CHURCH LIGHT= - - -=FRINK’S Patent Reflectors=, for Gas or Oil, give the most -=powerful, softest, cheapest and best= light known for Churches, -Stores, Show Windows, Banks, Theatres, Depots, etc. New and elegant -designs. Send size of room. Get circular and estimate. A liberal -discount to churches and the trade. =Don’t be deceived by cheap -imitations.= - -=I. P. FRINK, 551 Pearl St., N. Y.= - - - - - =THE “IDEAL”= - PATENT TILE‐LINED BATH‐TUB. - Perfection of Cleanliness and Durability. - SHARPLESS & WATTS, Patentees, - BAKER BUILDING, - =1524 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA.= - Send for Illustrated Circular and References. - - - - -[Illustration: - - =CHICAGO - ANDERSON= - PRESSED BRICK CO. - 189 & 191 La Salle St., - =CHICAGO, ILL.= - Front & Ornamental - =Pressed Brick.= -] - - - - -[Illustration; Leveling Instrument.] - -The latest improved, _i.e._, the boss to Engineers, Architects, -Builders, Contractors, Farmers, and all others requiring a low price -Leveling Instrument for grading, measuring heights, squaring, or -getting any desired angle. Descriptive circulars furnished on receipt -of stamp. - - =JOHN W. HARMON, - 65 Haverhill Street, Boston, Mass.= - - - - -=ORNAMENTAL BRICK= - -[Illustration: Ornamental Brick.] - -Brick and Terra‐Cotta furnished from any design. - -Bricks for Arches ground to suit any radius. - -Equal in Quality and Color to Philadelphia Brick. - -[Illustration: Ornamental Brick.] - - =JAMES H. BEGGS & CO., - Wilmington, Del.= - - - - -[Illustration: - - =H. W. JOHNS’= - TRADEMARK ASBESTOS - =LIQUID PAINTS.=] - -Asbestos Roofing, Building Felt, Steam Packings, Boiler Coverings, Fire -Proof Paints, Cements, Etc. Samples and Descriptive Price Lists Free. - -H. W. JOHNS MF’G CO., 87 MAIDEN LANE, N. Y. - - - - - Fine Office & Bank - Fittings } BRASS & - } WIRE WORK. - -[Illustration; Desk.] - - A. H. ANDREWS & CO. 195 Wabash - Ave., Chicago, and 686 Broadway, N. Y. - - - - -[Illustration: House.] - -=COSY HOMES!= - -=How to Build Them.= - -Contains =96= pages, showing complete designs of =10= low‐cost houses, -with valuable information for those who wish to build economically. -Post‐paid on receipt of price. =25c.= - - =F. L. SMITH=, Architect, - 22 School St., =Boston=. - - - - -[Illustration: SEAMLESS BRASS & COPPER TUBES, SHEET BRASS, BRASS WIRE - -FINE TOOLS, TAPS, DRILLS, VISES CHUCKS] - -CHARLES H. BESLY & CO. - - 175–177 LAKE ST. - CHICAGO. - -SEND FOR CATALOGUE - -Mention this paper. - - - - -=STEWART’S= MACHINE‐WAXED SHEATHING. - -Absolutely Water‐proof, Air‐proof and Decay‐proof. - -ODORLESS AND PERFECTLY CLEAN TO HANDLE. - -_The Cheapest and Best in the Market._ - -FOR LINING BUILDINGS UNDER CLAPBOARDS, SHINGLES, SLATE OR TIN. - -Put up in rolls containing 650 square feet each, and at the low price -of $2.00 per roll (less than one‐third of a cent per square foot). - -SAMPLES FREE BY MAIL. - -=W. H. STEWART, 74 Cortlandt Street, New York.= - -Send for Samples and Illustrated Pamphlet of STEWART’S PATENT -LAP‐SEAL READY ROOFING and IRON‐FIBRE PAINTS. - - - - -THE STAR VENTILATORS ARE SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS. - -The ventilating area is greater than any other that is storm‐proof. - -[Illustration: - - PATENTED - TRADE MARK] - -=HANDSOME, NOISELESS, DURABLE, STORM‐PROOF, SIMPLE, CHEAP.= - -After competitive trial, have been adopted by the United States -Government for their light houses in this district. Received the only -Award of Merit at the Pennsylvania State Fair, 1886. Recommended by -the leading Architects, and always adopted wherever it is put in -competition with any other for curing gassy and smoking chimneys, and -ventilating Factories, Light houses, Schools, Churches, Dye Houses, -Cotton and Woolen Mills, Cars, Residences, Bath‐rooms or Water‐closets. - -=Prices and special discounts named on application.= - - =MERCHANT & CO.,= - GENERAL MANAGERS, - Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, London. - -[Illustration: SECTIONAL VIEW] - - - - -[Illustration: - CREOSOTE WOOD STAINS. - FOR SHINGLES, FENCES, CLAPBOARDS ETC. - - PRICE - 30ᶜ. 50ᶜ. & 75ᶜ. PER GALL. - ACCORDING TO COLOR. - -VERY DURABLE AND ARTISTIC. - -FOR SAMPLES ON WOOD & CIRCULARS SEND TO - - SAM’L CABOT SOLE MANFR. - 70 KILBY ST. BOSTON.] - - - - -[Illustration: Woodworking Machines.] - -FOOT‐POWER MACHINERY. - -COMPLETE OUTFITS for CONTRACTORS and BUILDERS. - -[Illustration: Woodworking Machines.] - -Machines for ripping, cross‐cutting, scroll‐sawing, mortising and -tenoning, forming edges, grooving, gaining, rabbeting, cutting dadoes, -and turning. Builders use our Hand Circular Rip Saw for the greater -portion of their ripping in preference to carting their lumber to a -mill five minute’s drive from their shops. The same is true in regard -to scroll sawing, mortising, tenoning, cutting stuff for drawers, -boxes, etc. Builders using these machines can bid lower and save more -money from their contracts than by any other means. - -[Illustration: Mortiser and Circular Saw.] - -=Read the Following Letters from Builders:= - -CLARENCE F. LEE, carpenter and builder, Morristown, N. J., -says: “I have had one of your Hand Circular Rip‐Saws for about three -months, and am much pleased with it. Have done the ripping for 15 -houses in that time, which is over forty miles through inch boards. -Have ripped as high as 3‐inch plank. Table is also good for rabbeting; -having rabbeted all jambs and sawed all drips for 200 windows.” - -ALEX. SHIELDS, Lima, Ohio, says: “A few days since we had some -150 small drawers to make for a drug store; the steam power mill wanted -50 cents each for making them. With my foot power machinery I made -them, and saved $25 above good wages on the job. - -If desired, these machines will be sold =ON TRIAL=. - -The purchaser can have ample time to test them in his own shop and on -the work he wishes them to do. Descriptive Catalogue and Price List -Free. - -=W. F. & JOHN BARNES CO., No. 567 ... Ruby St., Rockford, Ill.= - - - - - CHAS E LITTLE, =59 FULTON ST.= - New York. - -Silver Medal on Tools Awarded by Amer. Inst. 1886. Medal “Superiority” -for - - =W. F. & J. Barnes’ Workshop MACHINERY.= - =New York Agency. Factory Prices.= - - - - -Patent Foot Power Machinery! - -[Illustration: Mortiser and Circular Saw.] - -The Latest and Most Improved - -Scroll Saws, Circular Saws, Lathes, Mortisers, Etc. - -THE “ACME” CIRCULAR SAW. - -=For Foot or Hand Power.= - -Suitable for various kinds of work, in Cutting‐off, Ripping, -Mitring, Rabbeting, and Grooving, and with the addition of the extra -attachments, Scroll Sawing, Boring, etc. - -=Price, with two 7‐inch Saws, $40.= - - * * * * * - -“Diamond” Mortising Machine. - -Will mortise ¼ to 1 inch wide, 3 inches deep, and with the addition of -the Diamond Adjustable Tenoning Tool, cut Tenons ⅛ to ¾ in. thick, -3 in. wide. - -=Price, with 3 chisels, $25.= - -=Machines on Trial.= - -=Catalogue Free.= - - =Seneca Falls Mfg. Co.,= - 276 Water Street, - SENECA FALLS, N. Y. - - - - -[Illustration: - - THE - NEW YORK - SELF ACTING - SHADE ROLLER - -THE BEST ON THE MARKET - -MADE IN TIN AND WOOD - -EVERY ROLLER WARRANTED] - - MANUFACTURED BY - CUSHMAN BROS. & CO., - BOSTON, MASS. - -=All Shades and Upholstery Goods at Bottom Prices.= - - - - -LYON & HEALY - -[Illustration: Trumpeter and Drummer.] - -STATE & MONROE STS., CHICAGO, will mail, free, their newly enlarged -Catalogue of Band Instruments, Uniforms and Equipments. 400 Fine -Illustrations describing every article required by Bands or Drum Corps, -including Repairing Materials, Trimmings, etc. - -Contains Instructions for Amateur Bands, Exercises and Scales, Drum -Major’s Tactics, By‐Laws, and a Selected List of Band Music. - - - - -E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., - -_591 Broadway, N. Y._ - -[Illustration: Camera Equipment.] - - Manufacturers and Importers of - PHOTOGRAPHIC - INSTRUMENTS, - Apparatus and Supplies, - OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. - -Sole Proprietors of the =Patent Detective=, =Fairy=, =Novel=, and -=Bicycle Cameras=, and the =Celebrated Stanley Dry Plates=. - -=Amateur Outfits= in great variety from $9.00 upward. Send for -Catalogue or call and examine. - -☞_More than Forty Years Established in this line of business._ - - - - - ESTABLISHED 1854. - DEVINE’S STEAM BOILER WORKS, - Marine, Locomotive, Tubular, House, and - GREENHOUSE BOILERS. - WROUGHT IRON HOT WATER BOILERS - A SPECIALTY. - -Manufactory, 381 to 393 S. Canal Street, Chicago. - -[Illustration: Greenhouse Boiler.] - -The above cut is of Greenhouse Boiler, meeting with universal success -wherever placed. Estimates gladly furnished for any capacity. - - =PETER DEVINE, - 387 S. CANAL ST., CHICAGO.= - - - - -[Illustration: Automatic Air Valve.] - -[Illustration: Automatic Air Valve.] - -AUTOMATIC AIR VALVE. - -For STEAM COILS and RADIATORS - -Direct and Indirect. - -=Most Simple and Reliable Air Valve Made. Nothing to Get Out of Order. -Has No Movable Piece. No Loose Thimbles to Fly Off. Every Valve is -Thoroughly Tested, and Warranted to Give Satisfaction.= - - Manufactured by - Thos. L. McKeen, - EASTON, PA. - - - - -Brick Making Machinery. - -[Illustration: Brick Making Machine.] - -MACHINES OF 10,000, 25,000, 50,000 BRICKS PER DAY CAPACITY. - -ERECTED SUBJECT TO TRIAL AND APPROVAL. - - CHAMBERS, BROTHER & CO., - PHILADELPHIA, Fifty‐second St., below Lancaster Ave. - - - - -[Illustration: THE HERCULES. - -TRADE MARK - -PATᴰ JUNE 12, 1883] - -Section of =Copper‐Wire‐Sewed Light Double Belting=, specially -adapted to use on cone pulleys and other hard places. Manufactured -by the =PAGE BELTING CO., Concord, N. H.= Also manufacturers of -Staple and Special Grades of Leather Belting and the “HERCULES” Lacing. - -☞ Send for Catalogue No. 23.☜ - - - - -[Illustration: Woodworking Machines.] - - WOODWORKING - MACHINERY, - PLANERS AND - MATCHERS, - PONY PLANERS, - Hand Matchers, - Solid Plate and - SEGMENT - RE‐SAWS. - -CONNELL & DENGLER, Rochester, N. Y. - - - - -[Illustration: - -(Iron Beam Protection. Patented June 3, 1884.)] - -HENRY MAURER & SON, - -MANUFACTURERS OF - -FIRE‐PROOF MATERIAL - -Of every description. Hollow Brick made of Clay for Flat Arches, -Partitions, Furring, etc. Porous Terra Cotta, =Fire Bricks=, etc., -etc. - - =Office and Depot, 420 East 23d St., New York.= - WORKS, PERTH AMBOY, N. J. - - - - -[Illustration: Woodworking Machine.] - - WOODWORKING MACHINERY - FOR - Chair, Furniture and - Cabinet Mills, Pattern - Makers’ use, etc. - - =Rollstone Machine Co.= - =48 Water St., Fitchburg, Mass.= - - - - -FINE TAPS AND DIES. - -[Illustration: LIGHTNING] - -Lightning and Green River Screw Plates. Bolt Cutters, hand and power. -Drilling Machines, Punching Presses, Tire Benders, Tire Upsetters and -other Labor Saving Tools. Send for Price List C. - -=Wiley & Russell Mfg. Co., Greenfield, Mass.= - - - - - BRAY & BRECK, - Stained Glass Works, - 35 and 37 Province St., - BOSTON, MASS. - - SEND FOR - =Illustrated Catalogue and Price List.= - - - - -J. M. STUTZMAN, 181 William St., New York. - -[Illustration: STEEL NAME STAMPS] - -Steel Alphabets and Tool Stamps. Stencil Cutting, Dies, Burning Brands, -Door Plates, Soap Moulds, Seals, &c. - -Liberal discount to Agents. - -Price for Tool Stamps, 15 cents per letter up to ⅛ in. Postage, 10 -cents additional per stamp. - - - - -AIR BRUSH. - -[Illustration: Air Brush and Franklin Institute Medal.] - -Received Gold Medal Franklin Institute. A legitimate artists’ and -draughtsmen’s tool. Applies color by a jet of air. Greatly economizes -time in mechanical, engineering and architectural draughting. Send for -description. - - =AIR BRUSH MFG. CO. - 80 Nassau St., Rockford, Ill.= - - - - -RICHMOND WEATHER STRIP CO. - -[Illustration: - - MANUFACTURERS OF - ROWLETT’S INDEPENDENT - AUTOMATIC COUNTER‐BALANCED - WEATHER STRIP. - - AWARDED BRONZE MEDAL AT CINCINNATI INDUSTRIAL - (EXPOSITION 1884.) - -HAS NO SPRINGS, TRIGGERS OR CIRCLE IRONS; POSITIVE ACTION; CANNOT GET -OUT OF ORDER; FITS ANY DOOR. - -AGENTS WANTED IN EVERY CITY AND TOWN IN THE U. S. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. -SAMPLE STRIP. PREPAID TO ANY PERSON ON RECEIPT OF $1.00. ADDRESS - - RICHMOND WEATHER STRIP CO. RICHMOND, IND. - P. O. BOX 282. FACTORY 217 N. 6TH STREET. - -MENTION THIS PAPER.] - - - - - MALLORY’S - STANDARD SHUTTER WORKER - -[Illustration: Shutter Worker.] - - Opens and closes the blinds without raising the window. - Automatically locks the blinds in any position. - Best and cheapest blind hinge. - Incomparable for strength, durability, and power. - -Can be applied to old or new houses, of brick, stone, or wood. - - =Send for Illustrated Catalogue to= - Frank B. Mallory, - =FLEMINGTON, NEW JERSEY, or - 60 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK.= - - - - -[Illustration: Ornate Glass Panels.] - -EDWIN LEE BROWN, Pres’t. - - The Western Sand Blast Co., - Ornamenters of Glass for - VESTIBULE DOORS, - TRANSOMS, - BANK & OFFICE COUNTERS, - ——AND—— - Manufacturers of Advertising - Glass Signs. - -_Sand Blast & Embossed Railroad Glass a specialty._ - - =N. W. Cor. Clinton & Jackson Sts., - CHICAGO, ILL.= - -Telephone 4085. - -[Illustration: Ornate Glass Panels.] - - - - -[Illustration: - WILLER’S - PATENT - SLIDING - BLIND - -WILLIAM WILLER, SOLE MFR. - -SEND FOR CATALOGUE - -MILWAUKEE WIS.] - - - - -[Illustration: Ventilation Fan.] - -Clark’s New Drying Exhaust and Ventilating Fans, - -PATENT ADJUSTABLE WINGS. - -Capacity Quickly Increased or Diminished. - -Self‐Oiling Bearings. Light Running. - -Durable. - -PRICE LIST FREE. - -GEO. P. CLARK, (Box A), Windsor Locks, Ct. - - - - -GLASS - - PHILLIP SEMMER & COMPANY. - PLATE, SHEET & LOOKING GLASS Depot - No 4, 6, 8 & 10 DESBROSSES. ST. - NEW YORK. - WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS. - - - - -HAYDEN BROTHERS, - -Hardwood Lumber, - -MAHOGANY AND VENEERS, - -[Illustration: - -LUMBER DRYING A SPECIALTY,] - - 22d and Jefferson Streets, - CHICAGO. - - - - -[Illustration: Shingle.] - -THORN SHINGLE & ORNAMENT CO., - -SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF - -=The Best and Cheapest Metallic Roofing - -TILES AND SHINGLES - -YET OFFERED TO THE BUILDING TRADE.= - -The Horseshoe Spring‐Lock Shingle (Patten’s Patent) just out. This -Shingle can be put on in one‐half the time it requires with any other -shingle now in the market. Is cheap, durable, secure, thoroughly -water‐tight and makes a good appearance as a roof covering. Two (2) -sizes. - -THORN’S PATENT ROOFING and WALL TILES, the most perfect and Unique -Roof, Gable, Tower, and Wall covering, yet produced in metal. On the -roof in appearance they are like terra cotta earthen tiles, and are -better, and half the cost. Four (4) designs or sizes are made. - -All the above goods are packed a square to the box and delivered f.o.b. -cars in Philadelphia. - -For particulars, price lists, etc., address - - THORN SHINGLE & ORNAMENT CO. - 12th & Callowhill Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. - - - - -THE PULLMAN SASH BALANCE. - -[Illustration: Window Sash Balance.] - - _A MORE PERFECT and ECONOMICAL - Balance than Weights and Cords. - Works smoother and easier - than any other device._ - -No Boxes or Pockets in Frame necessary. - -_IT IS ADJUSTABLE._ - -Made entirely of steel. The best coil spring is used, it being encased -in a drawn steel drum, and a metallic tape fastened on outside of drum -to operate sash. - -=Is very compact, occupying space required for ordinary sash pulley.= - -This Balance entirely overcomes the difficulty of friction occasioned -by counter weights. - -_It relieves the entire heft of sash._ A 75 to 100 lb. sash works -as easily as a very light one. Applied to old windows as readily as to -new, without altering frame or sash. =Will last a lifetime.= - -The Pullman Balance is being introduced to all the leading Architects -and Builders in the country, and they pronounce them far superior to -the old method. - -=Send for Description and Prices.= - -☞ _A fair discount to the Hardware trade._ - -PULLMAN SASH BALANCE CO., ROCHESTER, N. Y. - - - - - ——THE—— - Standard Wood Turning Co. - 58 BAY STREET, - Jersey City, N. J. - - MACHINE‐TURNED - BALUSTERS - -Various Sizes and Patterns Dovetailed ready for use, with Tait’s Patent -Dovetail. - -PEDESTAL and TURNED NEWELS. - - STAIR RAILS, - Of all dimensions, worked, ready to put up. - -[Illustration: Baluster.] - -[Illustration: Baluster.] - -Send 4c. Stamp for our 32‐page Catalogue, containing 200 Illustrations -of Balusters, Pedestal Newels, Brackets, Drops, etc. - - - - -ANDERSON & DICKEY - - Architectural Wood Turning - ——AND—— - Spiral Moulding, - -43 Bristol Street - -BOSTON, MASS. - -All kinds of Newels, Stair Posts, Balusters, Rails, Table and Chair -Legs, etc. - -Wood Mantels, Office Fittings, Interior Decorations, etc. - -Rope Moulding and Twist Screen Work, etc. Architects’ Designs a -specialty. - -[Illustration: Baluster.] - -[Illustration: Baluster.] - -Estimates given. Send 2‐cent stamp for illustrated catalogue. - - - - -No. 11 PLANER & MATCHER - -[Illustration: Planer.] - -=Double Belted and Geared Lower Rolls.= - -Special Machinery for Car Work and the latest improved Woodworking -Machinery of all kinds. - - C. B. ROGERS & CO. - Norwich, Conn. - 109 Liberty Street, - New York. - - - - -CHARTER’S GAS ENGINE. - -The safest, most reliable and economical Motor in existence. - -=Independent of Gas Works and Machines.= - -[Illustration: 2 to 25 H. P.] - -So it can be used _anywhere_. - - =Makes its Own Gas= - AT COST OF ABOUT - =65 cents per M Feet.= - -A Saving of 25 to 85 per cent guaranteed over all other Gas Engines. - - Chicago Agent: H. H. LATHAM, - 42 Dearborn Street. - - New York House: - 12 Cortlandt Street. - - =Williams & Orton Mfg. Co.= - =P. O. Box 148. STERLING, ILL.= - - - - - =Shimer’s Variety Moulder, with= - =Surface Moulding Attachment.= - -=FOR SINKING= panels with pattern guided by pin that automatically -takes its position when you start the Machine, and drops out of the way -when you stop it. The Cutter in the overhanging arm of the Machine has -a perpendicular adjustment of one inch, and is operated by the handle -shown in the cut attached to an eccentric lever that is automatically -locked to the one position when at work. - -=TO CHANGE= from Surface Moulder to Variety Moulder, disconnect -the rod that runs the incline on the T lever and pin it up. Run the -housing up by means of the hand wheel until it stands above the belt -line, remove the one spindle, substitute the other and set screw it -to the housing. Turn the small table back under the arm. Raise the -arm, disconnect the shaft that runs the upper pulley, and the Machine -becomes an Edge Moulder without having any of its parts unbolted and -laid away. - -_You never tire of the make up of this Machine, which is as simple and -effective as it is durable._ - -[Illustration: Woodworking Machine.] - -Reversible Cutters for any shape of mould made to order, and warranted -to cut free and easy. For Circulars and full information, address, - - SAMUEL J. SHIMER, - MANUFACTURER of the SHIMER CUTTER HEADS and - SPECIAL WOODWORKING MACHINERY, - MILTON, PENN. - - - - - =THE MASON REDUCING VALVE= - GIVES SATISFACTION WHEREVER USED - =OFFICE 22 CENTRAL ST. BOSTON, MASS.= - -[Illustration: Reducing Valve.] - - - - - =CARPENTERS’ MACHINERY, - HAND AND FOOT POWER.= - - Lathes, - Tenoners, - Mortisers, - Scroll Saws, - Groovers, - Formers. - -[Illustration: Woodworker Operating Machine.] - - Rip Saws, - Cross Cut Saws, - Combined Saws, - Jig Saws, - Edge Moulders, - Dado Heads. - -FRED. A. RICH, 25 South Canal Street, Chicago. - - - - -=ROOFING ✠ SLATE.= - - =The AMERICAN BANGOR SLATE CO., - Miners and Manufacturers of best Pennsylvania Black Roofing Slate,= - BANGOR, PENN. - -Address correspondence to =J. EDGAR MITCHELL, Sec’y and Treas., -Allentown, Pa.= - - - - - =PARQUET FLOORS= - (BUTCHER’S PATENT). - -[Illustration: PARQUET FLOORS - -CHAS. BUTCHER. & Co. BOSTON] - -The only Wood Flooring made on the correct principle, being laid with -perforated metal tongues so that Floors of any thickness from ¼ inch -up can be laid and blind‐nailed. - -Butcher’s Boston Polish is the best finish for Hardwood Floors. For -sale by agents in all large cities. Full information on application to - - =THE BUTCHER FLOORING CO., - 9 and 11 Haverhill Street, - BOSTON, MASS.= - - - - - =“BUILDING” - ——AN—— - Architectural Weekly.= - -=PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY.= - -Devoted to Architecture, Engineering, Furniture, Decoration, and -Ornament. - -Subscription, $6 a year. - -Sample subscription of three months, $1.50 - -Single Copies, 15 cents. - -[Illustration: Page Decoration.] - - -=MONTHLY NUMBER.= - -A special feature of these numbers will be =Small Country and City -Houses=, with plans and details. - -Subscription, $1.75 a year. - -Sample subscription of three months, 50 cents. - -Single Copies, 15 cents. - -[Illustration: Page Decoration.] - -=JUST PUBLISHED.= - -=INTERIOR DECORATION.= - - By ARNOLD W. BRUNNER and THOMAS TRYON, Architects. - One Quarto Vol., Cloth, Price, $3.00. - -[Illustration: Room Interior.] - -Containing, besides introductory remarks, chapters on The Hall, The -Staircase, The Library, The Parlor, The Dining‐room, The Study, The -Bedrooms. - -This book is fully illustrated with 75 drawings of interiors, details, -furniture, etc. It contains suggestions for the treatment of both city -and country houses, and indicates methods for altering and improving -old work. It is written with a view of interesting non‐professional -readers and all who care to beautify their homes, as well as architects -and decorators. - -[Illustration: Page Decoration.] - -=NEW BOOKS.= - -=Improved Plumbing Appliances.= By J. PICKERING PUTNAM, -Architect. This work was printed last year in serial form in -“BUILDING,” and has since then been carefully revised and -brought out in book form, as being worthy of more permanent form. With -91 illustrations. One octavo volume, cloth, price, $1.50. - -[Illustration: Page Decoration.] - - -=Architectural Studies.= - - =Vol. II.= - =JUST PUBLISHED, PART 6.= - -$500 to $2,500 Houses, giving perspectives, elevations and plans, with -specifications, bills of materials and estimates of cost. One Paper -Portfolio, 12 plates, Price, =$1.00=. - - PLATE. PLATE. - - I.—$500 House. VII.—$1,000 House. - II.—$700 „ VIII.—$1,000 „ - III.—$800 „ IX.—$1,200 „ - IV.—$800 „ X.—$1,500 „ - V.—$900 „ XI.—$2,000 „ - VI.—$1,000 „ XII.—$2,500 „ - -[Illustration: Page Decoration.] - - -=PART 7.= - - =INTERIOR WOODWORK= - ——FOR—— - =_HOUSES OF MODERATE COST._= - =One paper portfolio, $1.00.= - -Plates XIII and XIV.—Two China Closets, with details. XV.—Parlor -Mantel, with details. XVI.—Book Shelves, with details. XVII.—Staircase -Screen, with details. XVIII.—Two Bedroom Mantels, with details. XIX -and XX. Entrance Hall and Staircase, with details. XXI.—Bathroom, with -details. XXII.—Hall Fireplace, with details. XXIII.—Library Bookcase, -with details. XXIV.—Dining‐room Mantel, with details. - -[Illustration: Page Decoration.] - - -=PART 8.= - -=STORE FITTINGS.= - -=LIST OF PLATES.=—Plate 25, Counter and Showcase, with Details; -26, Detached Case, with Details; 27, Wall‐shelving, with Details; 28, -Telephone Case, with Details; 29, Counter for Druggist, with Details; -30, Wall Cases, with Details; 31, Two Counters, with Details; 32, Two -Detached Cases, with Details; 33, Prescription Counter, with Details; -34, Perfumery Case, with Details; 35, Wall Shelving, with Details; 36, -Cashier’s Desk, with Details. One Paper Portfolio, Twelve Plates. - -=Price, $1.00.= - -=A Most Complete Work of Details.= - -[Illustration: Page Decoration.] - - -=Modern Architectural Practice.= - -[Illustration: Page Decoration.] - - =No. 1.= - =A Large Country House in Detail.= - =By BRUCE PRICE, Archt.= - -This number contains twenty‐four 12 × 15 plates, and full specifications -illustrated by woodcuts and diagrams. One Large Quarto, 12 × 15, Boards. - -=Price, $5.00.= - -[Illustration: Page Decoration.] - - -=ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES.= - -VOL. I. - -=One Large Quarto Vol., Cloth, Price $5. Containing 60 large -Lithographic Plates, treating on the following Subjects.= - -=_PART I._=—LOW COST HOUSES, including prize designs, with -elevations, plans, details, specifications, bills of materials, and -estimates of cost. 12 large (11 × 14) plates of practical designs, -costing from $500 to $3,000. - -=_PART II._=—STORE FRONTS AND INTERIOR DETAILS. 12 plates and -descriptive letterpress. - -=_PART III._=—STABLES. Containing 12 plates of Stables, suitable -for village lots, ranging in cost from $300 upward. - -=_PART IV._=—SEASIDE AND SOUTHERN HOUSES. 12 plates of designs -for Cheap Houses, with ample verandas, suited to a summer climate. -Average cost, $1,500. - -=_PART V._=—OUT‐BUILDINGS. Containing 12 plates of designs of -Small Stables, Summer Houses, Pavilions, Privies, Fences, Gates, etc. - -Each of these parts may be obtained separately when desired. Paper -portfolio, 12 plates and descriptive letterpress, =_$1 each._= - - =W. T. COMSTOCK, Publisher, - 23 WARREN ST., NEW YORK.= - - - - - THE LATEST & BEST IMPROVED - BRICK - MACHINES - FOR BOTH STEAM - AND HORSE POWER. - -[Illustration: - STEAM POWER BRICK MACHINE - WITHOUT GEARING. - WEIGHT 7000 LBS. - - STEAM POWER BRICK MACHINE - READY FOR PULLEY. - WEIGHT 7200 LBS. - - HORSE POWER BRICK MACHINE - WT. 4500 LBS. - -SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE - - HENRY MARTIN, - INVENTOR, PROPRIETOR, - AND MANUFACTURER. - - 139 CHESTNUT ST. - LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A. - -A. PALMER CO. ENG.] - - - - -Manufacturers and Dealers in Parquet and Inlaid Floors, Wainscoting, -Etc. - -J. DUNFEE & CO., - - Wood Carpet and Weather Strips - OF ALL KINDS, - -102 Washington Street,—CHICAGO. - -SEND FOR CATALOGUE. - -Factory, 204 to 212 South Clinton Street. - - - - - B. G. UNDERWOOD, - ADVERTISING AGENT, - - =361 Broadway, New York,= - AND - =31 Pemberton Sq., Boston.= - - - - -=Cast Iron Gas and Water Pipes - -1½ to 48 INCHES DIAMETER.= - -=Cast Iron Flange Heating and Steam Pipes, Fire Hydrants and Stop -Valves for Water or Gas, all Sizes.= - -ALL PIPE PROVED BY HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE. - - =GLOUCESTER IRON WORKS,= - =GLOUCESTER CITY, N. J.= - - SAMUEL R. SHIPLEY, Prest. - HENRY B. CHEW, Treas. - JAMES P. MICHELLON, Secy. - WILLIAM SEXTON, Supt. - - =OFFICE,= - =6 North Seventh Street, Philadelphia.= - - - - -VENTILATOR. - -Patented May 4th, 1886. - -[Illustration: =For Bulk Windows.=] - -Adapted for Dwellings, Stores, Hospitals, School Rooms, Offices, Public -Institutions, &c., allowing ventilation without draught. Simple and -readily adjustable. _Manufactured and sold, Wholesale and Retail_, also -Patent Right for sale for States, United States or Canada, address - -=T. T. COHEN, 211 So. 13th St., Phila., Pa.= - - - - -[Illustration: - - ESTABLISHED 1868 - BY GEORGE HAYES - - THE HAYES - SKYLIGHTS - - PERFORATED METALLIC, - INSECT & STORM - PROOF - BLINDS - -SEND FOR CATALOGUE - -71-8TH AVE. NEW YORK.] - - - - -=COMBINATION SQUARE=. - -[Illustration: Combination Square.] - -This tool, with its sliding blade and stock having right angle and -mitre faces, level and scriber, is more than a substitute for a whole -set of the common kind. It can be used in many places and for purposes -that a stationary blade cannot. - -Send for price. - - =L. S. STARRETT,= - Manufacturer of Fine Tools, =ATHOL, MASS=. - - - - -DRAFTSMANS’ ADJUSTABLE CURVE RULER. - -Highly Commended. Makes any Curve. - -[Illustration: Curve Rule.] - -For sale everywhere, 14 inch, $1.50; 30 inch, $2.87. CIRCULAR GRATIS. - - =FRANK W. DAVENPORT=, Patentee and Manufacturer,= - =Providence, R. I., U. S. A.= - - - - - =New York City. Room 217 Stewart Building. - C. POWELL KARR, C.E. - CONSULTING ARCHITECT.= - -Plans and Specifications prepared for Heating, Lighting, Ventilation -and Sanitation of Buildings. - -SPECIAL ATTENTION DEVOTED TO THE INSPECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE -ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF THEATERS, MUSIC HALLS, AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. - - - - - =ALLEN B. RORKE, - Contractor and Builder, - 423 WALNUT STREET, - PHILADELPHIA.= - - - - -MORSE ELEVATOR WORKS. - - Morse, Williams & Co. - Successors to CLEM & MORSE, - BUILDERS OF ALL KINDS OF - Passenger and Freight ELEVATORS - - Send for Circulars. - OFFICE: 411 CHERRY STREET. - Works: Frankford Avenue, Wildey and Shackamaxon Streets - PHILADELPHIA. - NEW YORK OFFICE: 108 Liberty Street. - -[Illustration: Elevator.] - - - - - PASSENGER ELEVATORS, - MANUFACTURED BY - HOWARD IRON WORKS, - BUFFALO, N. Y. - -The Elevators in the State Capitol, Albany, New York, were built by us, -and many others in some of the finest buildings in the country. - - - - - GRAVES’ - ELEVATORS, - PASSENGER and FREIGHT, - MANUFACTURED BY - L. S., GRAVES & SON, Rochester, N. Y. - BRANCH OFFICE: 46 Cortlandt Street, New York. - - - - -JOHN WHEELER, - - CARPENTER and BUILDER - ——OF—— - ORNAMENTAL RUSTIC - WORK - -[Illustration: ORNAMENTAL RUSTIC] - -=Medals from American Institute=, -And other Associations. - -P. O. Box 140. =Cleveland St., Orange, N. J.= - - - - -[Illustration: - -LEPAGE’S - -THE ONLY GENUINE - -LIQUID GLUE] - -UNEQUALLED for CEMENTING - -wood, glass, china, paper, leather, &c. Always ready for use. -_Pronounced strongest glue known._ - -IS MADE BY THE Russia Cement Co., - -=AWARDED TWO GOLD MEDALS.= - - Gloucester, Mass. - Sample 20c stamps - - - - - FIRST CLASS - HEATING APPARATUS, - J. REYNOLDS & SON, - Thirteenth and Filbert Streets, PHILADELPHIA, PA. - -[Illustration: Furnace.] - - Manufacturers of - Steel Air Tight Furnaces, - KEYSTONE - =Steel Furnaces=. - -BRICK SET AND PORTABLE. - -=For Anthracite and Bituminous Coal or Wood.= - -Our heaters are strictly first‐class, made of the best material and -workmanship, and are supplied with the Reynolds’ Shaking Grate, the -best labor and fuel saving appliances. They are absolutely Gas, Dust -and Smoke Tight. Cooking Ranges, Low and Half Low Grates, in great -variety of styles and sizes. Descriptive circulars sent free to any -address. The trade supplied. - - - - -[Illustration: KEYSTONE FLOORING MACHINE.] - -THE foremost floorer in the market. There are perhaps without a single -exception more “Keystone” Flooring Machines in use than any other -make in the market. Valuable references and testimonials and full -information cheerfully given. - - =GOODELL & WATERS=, - 3031 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. - - - - -[Illustration: Notes and Queries.] - - -HINTS TO CORRESPONDENTS. - -=Names and Address= must accompany all letters, or no attention will be -paid thereto. This is for our information, and not for publication. - -=References= to former articles or answers should give date of paper -and page or number of question. - -=Inquiries= not answered in reasonable time should be repeated; -correspondents will bear in mind that some answers require not a little -research, and, though we endeavor to reply to all, either by letter or -in this department, each must take his turn. - -=Special Written Information= on matters of personal rather than -general interest cannot be expected without remuneration. - -=Scientific American Supplements= referred to may be had at the office. -Price 10 cents each. - -=Books= referred to promptly supplied on receipt of price. - -=Minerals= sent for examination should be distinctly marked or labeled. - - - - -(1) G. W. B. asks: 1. What kind of cement used, and how to cement gum -face on band saws? A. Ordinary rubber cement, such as you can purchase -at any of the rubber stores, will answer your purpose. 2. Is there -anything to be put in glue to prevent moisture from disturbing the -joints in patterns? A. A little bichromate of potash put into your glue -will render it insoluble, after exposure to light. 3. Is there anything -to prevent shellac used for patterns from getting dark before using -after it is mixed some time? A. We know of no way to prevent this. - -(2) W. S. C.—In closed circuits for steam heating, the pressure of the -steam along the flow pipes and in coils in well arranged systems is so -nearly equalized with the pressure in the boiler, that it requires but -small elevation of the water of condensation in the return pipe above -the water level in the boiler to allow of its return by gravity. In -this system all of the radiators should be not less than from 1 to 5 -feet above the water level in the boiler, according to the complication -and extent of the circuit. The air is discharged at the radiators, and -no waste of water is necessary. - -(3) E. H. S.—Coal tar alone with gravel and sand for sidewalks does not -dry well. Asphaltum with equal parts of coal tar melted together and -sprinkled upon the mixed sand and gravel that has been made hot upon -an iron plate (the mixing to be done in a large pan of iron), putting -no more asphalt and tar upon the sand and gravel than will just make -it stick together; then dump into place while hot, spread quickly, and -beat level with a ram or heavy roller. Dust over the surface with fine -sand before rolling or beating, to prevent the material from sticking -to the roller or beater. This operation requires a little care and -experience as to just the amount of asphalt and tar for a given measure -of sand and gravel, and also for the proportions of sand and gravel -required to make the best pavement. Sometimes a thin bed of broken -stone is laid as a foundation. Also a thin bed of coarse gravel is -sometimes spread before dumping the hot mixture. - -(4) J. C.—A first class ice boat, sailing on first class ice, will sail -from three to four times faster than the wind that drives the boat. For -example, a wind having a velocity of fifteen miles an hour will drive -the boat at the rate of from forty to sixty miles an hour. - -(5) T. H. G. writes: I have a mahogany table which has been varnished -and has ink spots on it. 1. By what means can I get the varnish and ink -off, in order to rub on an oil finish? A. The ink spots can be washed -off with water and the varnish with alcohol. 2. What is best to polish -carved brass? A. Polish with rotten stone and oil, alcohol, or spirits -of turpentine. 3. What will remove water stains from polished marble? -A. Mix quicklime with strong lye, - -(_Continued on page_ x.) - - - - -Building Plans and Specifications. - -In connection with the publication of the BUILDING EDITION OF -THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, Messrs. Munn & Co. furnish Plans and -Specifications for Buildings of every kind, including Public Buildings, -Churches, Schools, Stores, Dwellings, Carriage Houses, Barns, etc. In -this work they are assisted by able and experienced architects. - -Those who contemplate building, or who wish to alter, improve, extend, -or add to existing buildings, whether wings, porches, bay windows, or -attic rooms, are invited to communicate with the under‐signed. Our work -extends to all parts of the country. Estimates, plans, and drawings -promptly prepared. Terms moderate. Address - -=MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York= - - - - -Business and Personal. - - -_Any person having a new invention may, without charge, consult MUNN & -CO., Scientific American Office, 361 Broadway, New York, for advice how -to obtain a Patent or Caveat. Our Hand Book of Instructions relating to -Patents sent free._ - - - - -_Practical Working Drawings_ of machinery made by A. K. Mansfield & Co., -280 Broadway, N. Y. Life‐long mechanics. One formerly R. R. supt. M. P. -Important references. Work guaranteed. Correspondence invited. - -For Sale—22 unbound volumes SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, of old dates. Also a -lot of odd numbers, in good order. For a descriptive list address I. R. -Hudson, 212 East 14th St., New York. - -All kinds wood engraving. Perfect; lowest rate; sell engr. tools, -mate’l, machs. N. H. Taylor, Wyandotte, Kan. - -Portable grinding mills. Chas. Kaestner & Co., Chicago, Ill. - -Engines and boilers. Chas. Kaestner & Co., Chicago, Ill. - -For Sale—The following braiding machines: 2 nine carriers, 1 twelve -carriers, 2 thirteen carriers, 1 sixteen carriers, 1 twenty carriers, -1 twenty‐one carriers. Also three looms, 24 and 30 shuttles. All the -above will be sold cheap. Raymold & Whitlock, 99 Fourth Ave., N. Y. - -Wanted—New invention or novelty for the English market by a -first‐class London house, having a large connection among shippers, -warehousemen, drapers, etc. Address “Everclean,” 100 Wood St., London, -England. - -_Lacquers._—Zapon, Brilliantine, Brassoline, Opaline, and other -lacquers and special varnishes. _Brilliant, hard, durable._ Send for -catalogue. The Fred’k Crane Chemical Co., Short Hills, N. J. N. Y. -agent, Horace Van Sands, 733 Broadway. - -For the best and cheapest 4 Horse Engine, address Peter Walrath, -Chittenango, N. Y. - -Perforated metals of all kinds for all purposes. The Robert Aitchison -Perforated Metal Co., Chicago, Ill. - -For the latest improved diamond prospecting drills, address the M. C. -Bullock Mfg. Co., 138 Jackson St., Chicago, Ill. - -The _Railroad Gazette_, handsomely illustrated, published weekly, at -73 Broadway, New York. Specimen copies free. Send for catalogue of -railroad books. - -The Knowles Steam Pump Works, 113 Federal St., Boston, and 93 Liberty -St., New York, have just issued a new catalogue, in which are many -new and improved forms of Pumping Machinery of the single and duplex, -steam and power type. This catalogue will be mailed free of charge on -application. - -_Link Belting_ and Wheels. Link Belt M. Co., Chicago. - -Presses & Dies. Ferracute Mach. Co., Bridgeton, N. J. - -Nickel Plating.—Sole manufacturers cast nickel anodes, pure nickel -salts, polishing compositions, etc. $100 “_Little Wonder_.” A perfect -Electro Plating Machine. Sole manufacturers of the new Dip Lacquer -Kristaline. Complete outfit for plating, etc. Hanson, Van Winkle & Co., -Newark, N. J., and 92 and 94 Liberty St., New York. - -Iron Planer, Lathe, Drill, and other machine tools of modern design. -New Haven Mfg. Co., New Haven, Conn. - -Supplement Catalogue.—Persons in pursuit of information of any special -engineering, mechanical, or scientific subject, can have catalogue -of contents of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT sent to them free. -The SUPPLEMENT contains lengthy articles embracing the whole range -of engineering, mechanics, and physical science. Address Munn & Co., -Publishers, New York. - -The Holly Manufacturing Co., of Lockport, N. Y., will send their -pamphlet, describing water works machinery, and containing reports of -tests, on application. - -Curtis Pressure Regulator and Steam Trap. See p. 301. - -Planing and Matching Machines. All kinds Wood Working Machinery. C. B. -Rogers & Co., Norwich, Conn. - -For best leather belting and lace leather, including Hercules, see Page -Belting Co.’s adv., p. 318. - -Iron, Steel, and Copper Drop Forgings of every description. Billings & -Spencer Co., Hartford, Conn. - -Paint mills. Chas. Kaestner & Co., Chicago, Ill. - -Pat. Geared Scroll Chucks, with 3 pinions, sold at same prices as -common chucks by Cushman Chuck Co., Hartford, Conn. - -Steam Hammers, Improved Hydraulic Jacks, and Tube Expanders. R. -Dudgeon, 24 Columbia St., New York. - -60,000 _Emerson’s_ 1887 ☞ Book of superior saws, with Supplement, -sent free to all Sawyers and Lumbermen. Address Emerson, Smith & Co., -Limited, Beaver Falls, Pa., U. S. A. - -Safety Elevators, steam and belt power; quick and smooth. D. Frisbie & -Co., 112 Liberty St., New York. - -“How to Keep Boilers Clean.” Send your address for free 88 page book. -Jas. C. Hotchkiss, 120 Liberty St., N. Y. - -Pays well on Small Investment.—Stereopticons, Magic Lanterns, and -Views illustrating every subject for public exhibitions. Lanterns for -colleges, Sunday schools, and home amusements. 152 page illustrated -catalogue free. McAllister, Manufacturing Optician, 49 Nassau St., N. Y. - -Ax handle and spoke lathes. Railway cutting off saw machines. Rollstone -Machine Co., Fitchburg, Mass. - -Best belt hooks are Talcott’s. Providence, R. I. - - - - -[Illustration: - -PROSPECTUS - - =OF THE - Scientific American - FOR 1888.=] - -=The Most Popular Scientific Paper in the World.= - -=Only $3.00 a Year, including Postage. Weekly. 52 Numbers a Year.= - -=This widely circulated= and splendidly illustrated paper is published -weekly. Every number contains sixteen pages of useful information and a -large number of original engravings of new inventions and discoveries, -representing Engineering Works, Steam Machinery, New Inventions, -Novelties in Mechanics, Manufactures, Chemistry, Electricity, -Telegraphy, Photography, Architecture, Agriculture, Horticulture, -Natural History, etc. - -=All Classes of Readers= find in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN a popular -_resume_ of the best scientific information of the day; and it is the -aim of the publishers to present it in an attractive form, avoiding -as much as possible abstruse terms. To every intelligent mind, -this journal affords a constant supply of instructive reading. It -is promotive of knowledge and progress in every community where it -circulates. - -=Terms of Subscription.=—One copy of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN will be -sent for _one year_—52 numbers—postage prepaid, to any subscriber -in the United States or Canada, on receipt, of =three dollars= by the -publishers; six months, $1.50; three months, $1.00. - -=Clubs.=—=One extra copy= of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN will be supplied -gratis _for every club of five subscribers_ at $3.00 each; additional -copies at same proportionate rate. - -The safest way to remit is by Postal Order, Draft, or Express Money -Order. Money carefully placed inside of envelopes, securely sealed, and -correctly addressed, seldom goes astray, but is at the sender’s risk. -Address all letters and make all orders, drafts, etc., payable to - - MUNN & CO., - 361 Broadway, New York. - - - =THE - Scientific American Supplement.= - -This is a separate and distinct publication from _The Scientific -American_, but is uniform therewith in size, every number containing -sixteen large pages. THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT is published -weekly, and includes a very wide range of contents. It presents the -most recent papers by eminent writers in all the principal departments -of Science and the Useful Arts, embracing Biology, Geology, Mineralogy, -Natural History, Geography, Archæology, Astronomy, Chemistry, -Electricity, Light, Heat, Mechanical Engineering, Steam and Railway -Engineering, Mining, Ship Building, Marine Engineering, Photography, -Technology, Manufacturing Industries, Sanitary Engineering, -Agriculture, Horticulture, Domestic Economy, Biography, Medicine, etc. - -A vast amount of fresh and valuable information pertaining to these -and allied subjects is given, the whole profusely illustrated with -engravings. - -_The most important Engineering Works_, Mechanisms, and Manufactures at -home and abroad are represented and described in the SUPPLEMENT. - -Price for the SUPPLEMENT for the United States and Canada, $5.00 a -year, or one copy of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and one copy of the -SUPPLEMENT, both mailed for one year for $7.00. Address and remit by -postal order, express money order, or check, - - =MUNN & Co., 361 Broadway, N. Y.,= - Publishers SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. - - -=To Foreign Subscribers.=—Under the facilities of the Postal Union, -the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN is now sent by post direct from New York, with -regularity, to subscribers in Great Britain, India, Australia, and all -other British colonies; to France, Austria, Belgium, Germany, Russia, -and all other European States; Japan, Brazil, and all States of Central -and South America. Terms, when sent to foreign countries, Canada and -Mexico, excepted. $4, gold, for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, one year; $9, gold -for both SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and SUPPLEMENT for one year. This includes -postage, which we pay. Remit by postal or express money order, or draft -to order of - -MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York. - - - - - THE TIFFANY - GLASS COMPANY - MEMORIAL WINDOWS - GLASS WORK - DECORATIONS - -_Designs and Estimates submitted_. - - LOUIS C. TIFFANY, _Pres_. - PRINGLE MITCHELL, _M’ger_. - JOHN DU FAIS, _Sec_. - JOHN C. PLATT, _Treas_. - - 333–335 Fourth Ave., New York City. - 509 Pullman Building, Chicago. - - - - -[Illustration: Building with Towers.] - -=The Old Bangor Slate Company= - - F. C. YARNALL, President, - PHILADELPHIA. - - I. S. MOYER, Sec. & Treas., - BETHLEHEM, PA. - -This Company is the original operator in the Bangor Valley, and -continues to manufacture the Blue Roofing Slates which have become so -celebrated for fineness of texture and uniformity of color. - -We also beg to call the special attention of Architects and Builders to -the fact that we have perfected a system by which we can furnish Slates -with Sawed Edges of suitable size and curve for Towers or Domes of any -size or shape. - -Working Drawings should be furnished, in which case we can -=guarantee= a perfect job. - -Address Correspondence to - - =The Old Bangor Slate Company, - At Office, BETHLEHEM, PA.= - - - - - =INVALUABLE BOOKS= - FOR THE - =MECHANIC, ENGINEER, - AND CHEMIST. - REVISED TO DATE.= - - -=Nystrom’s Pocket‐Book of Mechanics and Engineering.= - -=Nineteenth Edition, Revised and Greatly Enlarged with Original Matter. -By Wm. Dennis Marks, Ph.B., C.E. (Yale S.S.S.) Illustrated. 16mo. -$3.50.= - -“A library in itself, giving a little of everything that the -engineer and mechanic will need to know to aid them in every‐day -practice.”—_Industrial World_, Chicago. - - -=Marks on the Steam Engine.= - -=Third Edition, Revised. Enlarged, and Interleaved.= - -=The Relative Proportions of the Steam Engine. By Wm. D. Marks. With -numerous Illustrations. 12mo. Extra Cloth. $3.00.= - -“A work of inestimable value to every mechanic, containing as it does, -rules, tables, and directions in regard to the steam engine which come -into use in every‐day practical life of the engineer.”—_San Francisco -Wood and Iron._ - - - =Elements of Modern Chemistry.= - (=_WURTZ_.=) - -=New Edition, Thoroughly Revised. Translated by W. H. Greene. 12mo. -Cloth. $2.50. Sheep. $3.00.= - -“A valuable work as a class‐book, and a most interesting and -instructive volume for the general reader.”—_New York School Journal_. - -If not obtainable at your Booksellers’, send direct to the Publishers, -who will forward the books, FREE OF POSTAGE, promptly on -receipt of the price. - - =J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY - PUBLISHERS, - 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia.= - - - - -=Red‐Letter Days Abroad.= By John L. Stoddard, author of “The Stoddard -Lectures,” etc. 8vo. With illustrations. In box, $5; in morocco, $10. -New Library edition, $3.50, in half calf, $7. - -Laurence Hutton’s =Literary Landmarks of London.= 12mo. $1.50. - -J. R. G. Hassard’s =A Pickwickian Pilgrimage.= $1. - -William Winter’s =Shakespeare’s England.= 50 cents. - -William Winter’s =English Rambles.= 12mo. $1.50. - -William Winter’s =The Trip to England.= Ill’d. $2. - -Robert Laird Collier’s =English Home Life.= $1. - -Mrs. Lew Wallace’s =The Storied Sea.= 16mo. $1. - -Henry James’s =Portraits of Places.= $1.50. - -Henry James’s =A Little Tour in France.= $1.50. - -Hubbard’s =Woods and Lakes of Maine.= $3. - -Jane G. Austin’s =Nantucket Scraps.= $1.50. - -Miss E. B. Chase’s =Over the Border.= Ill’d. $1.50. - -Clarence King’s =Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada.= With maps. -12mo. $2. - -L. H. Weeks’s =Among the Azores.= Ill’d. $1.50. - -Waring’s =The Bride of the Rhine.= Ill’d. $1.50. - -Mrs. Dahlgren’s =South‐Sea Sketches.= $1.50. - -D. J. Snider’s =Walk in Hellas= (Modern Greece). $2.50. - -=Geraldine.= A sumptuous illustrated edition. - -=Scott’s Poems.= New holiday edition. 350 illustrations. - -=Swanee River.= A beautiful illustrated book. - -=My Old Kentucky Home.= Richly illustrated. - -=Juan and Juanita.= By Frances C. Baylor. - -=Fools of Nature.= An Anti‐Spiritualist novel. - -=Under Pine and Palm.= By Frances L. Mace. - -=Sobriquets and Nicknames.= A reference book. - -=A Flock of Girls.= By Nora Perry. - -=The New Astronomy.= By Prof. S. P. Langley. - -=Carlyle‐Emerson Correspondence.= - -=Hawthorne and His Wife.= New editions. Each in two volumes. With -illustrations. Per set, $3.00; in half calf, $6.00. - -=Japanese Homes.= By Prof. E. S. Morse. - -=Chosön: The Land of the Morning Calm (Korea).= By Percival -Lowell. New editions. Each in one volume. 12mo. Illustrated. Per -volume, $3.00; in half calf, $6.00. - - -=THE TICKNOR SERIES OF OCTAVO POETS.= - -LIBRARY EDITION. - - =The Lady of the Lake.= - =The Lay of the Last Minstrel.= - =Marmion.= - =The Princess.= - =Childe Harold.= - =Lucile.= - -Six volumes, elegantly and uniformly bound, with all the original -illustrations, beveled boards, and full gilt. In cloth. Each, $3.50. In -tree calf or antique morocco, $7.50. - -These are the most famous and popular editions in existence of great -poems. In their original shape they have had enormous sales, and in -their cheaper form, with all their original illustrations, complete and -unworn, they will have renewed popularity. - -Also uniform with the above in style and price, cheaper editions of the -beautifully illustrated - -=Tuscan Cities.= By W. D. Howells. - -=Red‐Letter Days Abroad.= By J. L. Stoddard. - -⁂ _For sale by all booksellers. Sent, post‐paid, on receipt of the -price by the publishers,_ - -=TICKNOR & CO., BOSTON.= - - - - -[Illustration: J. Rayner. - -IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER - -MAHOGANY - -CABINET Woods and Veneers. - - FOOT. EAST HOUSTON Sᵀ - NEW YORK. - - 275–289 EAST 20ᵀᴴ ST - CHICAGO, ILL.] - - - - -HOT‐WATER HEATING, - -[Illustration: Water Heater.] - -[Illustration: Water Heater.] - -For Greenhouses and Dwellings - -HITCHINGS & CO., - -233 Mercer Street, N. Y. - -SEND 3 CENTS POSTAGE FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. - - - - -VIOLIN OUTFITS. - -Consisting of Violin Box, Bow, and Teacher, sent to any part of the -United States on 1 to 3 days’ trial before buying. - -[Illustration: Violin.] - - =Violin - Outfits.= - -=at $4, $8, $15 and $25 each. Send Stamp for= Beautiful Illustrated -96‐page Catalogue of Violins, Guitars, Banjos, Cornets, Flutes, -Strings, etc. Lowest prices. Mail orders a specialty. - - =C. W. STORY, 26 - Central Street, Boston, Mass.= - - - - -[Illustration: PRICE $193.] - -WE SELL DIRECT TO FAMILIES— - -(avoid Agents and Dealers whose profits and expenses double the cost on -every Piano they sell) and send this First‐Class UPRIGHT Cabinet GEM 7½ -Octave Rosewood Piano, Warranted 6 years, for =$193!= We send it—with -Beautiful Cover and Stool—for Trial in your own Home before you buy. -Send for circulars to - -=Marchal & Smith, 235 East 21st St., N. Y.= - - - - - ICE & REFRIGERATING - Machines. York Patent. - =YORK MFG. - CO., York, Pa.= - - - - -[Illustration: Trade Mark.] - -Warren’s Natural Asphalt Roofing. - -FINALLY PERFECTED AND TESTED BY TEN YEARS OF PRACTICAL USE. - -Over 15,000,000 square feet, or 350 acres, of this roofing have been -laid within the past ten years. =Superior= to all other for flat roofs. - -Much more durable than coal tar materials, because it remains -practically unchanged when exposed to the weather. - -An Asphalt roof emits no odor, and does not injure rain water. - -References to many of the best buildings throughout the country given -on application. - - =“Composite” Felt - FOR ROOF FOUNDATIONS.= - -A two‐ply composed of one layer of saturated felt and one of Manila -rope paper. Combines durability and strength with lightness and -pliability. - -Send for Circulars and Samples. - - =Warren Chemical and Manufacturing Co., - 114 JOHN ST., N. Y. - 101 MILK ST., BOSTON.= - - - - -BEATTY ORGANS - -For $37.50 worth $75 - - $400.00 Organs only $80.00 - $1200.00 Pianos for $250.00 - -Other BARGAINS, write for catalogue. Address, - -=DANIEL F. BEATTY, Washington, New Jersey= - - - - -[Illustration: A POINTER!] - -We can offer to your advantage -GLUE. - - ORANGE {=SHELLAC=,} WHITE - GUM { } GUM - SHELLAC {=VARNISH=.} SHELLAC - -=WOOD ALCOHOL, - -WOOD STAIN.= - - F. W. THURSTON & CO. - IMPORTERS, - CHICAGO. - - - - -F. W. DEVOE & CO. - -(Established 1852) - - =PURE - MIXED - PAINTS= - -We desire to call attention of consumers to the fact that we guarantee -our ready mixed paints to be made only of pure linseed oil and the most -permanent pigments. They are not “Chemical,” “Rubber,” “Patent,” or -“Fireproof.” We use no secret or patent method in manufacturing them by -which benzine and water are made to serve the purpose of pure linseed -oil. Sample cards, containing 50 desirable shades, sent on application. - - =FINE VARNISHES, - WOOD FILLERS, - WOOD STAINS.= - -ARTISTS’ MATERIALS, MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS. - -Catalogues of our different departments to responsible parties. - - =Cor. Fulton and - William Sts., - NEW YORK.= - - =Coffin, Devoe & Co., - 176 Randolph St., - CHICAGO.= - - - - - ——THE—— - “Timby Burglar Proof Sash‐Lock & Ventilator.” - -=PATENTED MARCH 29th, 1887.= - -=MEETS A LONG FELT WANT.= - -It is manufactured from the best MALLEABLE IRON and BRONZE METAL. - -[Illustration: FIG. 1. - -Section of Frame with Lock applied. - -Thumb piece moved upward releasing upper sash.] - -Is very simple in construction, strong and durable, absolutely Burglar -Proof, and a perfect ventilator; Automatic in action, easily applied -to any window, as it adjusts itself to varying thicknesses of Sash, or -inside stops. - - Only One Lock is Required for - =A WINDOW.= - -As it controls both Sash perfectly, bolting either or both securely in -any position desired, thereby affording means for perfect ventilation, -and at the same time absolute security against Burglars and Sneak -Thieves. - -[Illustration: FIG. 2. - -Back view of Lock and operating device. - -Thumb piece moved upward and bolt thrown back, same as in Fig. 1.] - -It is =easily operated, ornamental in appearance=, and does not -interfere with applying weather strips or inside blinds, and is =the -only Side Sash Mortise Lock that= can be used =in connection with -inside screens=, it having been constructed with special reference -to the same. As a rule, =Burglars and Sneak Thieves= have little -difficulty in entering dwellings through windows because of their -insecure fastenings. Hence it is just as important that =each and every -window= should be provided with a =good substantial lock= as that the -front door should be. - -=Buy the Timby Burglar Proof, and take no other. The Convenience -and Absolute Security afforded will be ample reward. Full Directions -and Pattern for setting accompany each Lock Sold.= - -For further information apply to =I. G. JENKINS, Oswego, N. Y.= - - - - -E. J. JOHNSON, - -ROOFING SLATE - -MARBLEIZED SLATE MANTELS, SLATE HEARTHS, SILLS, LINTELS, ETC. - -=SLATE NAILS, ROOFING FELT, SLATERS’ CEMENT, ETC.= - -ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON ALL SLATE WORK. - -QUARRY, BANGOR, PA. - -OFFICE, 18 BURLINGTON SLIP, N. Y. - - - - - =ADAMANT= - WALL PLASTER. - MANUFACTURED BY - - Adamant - Manufacturing - Company. - -OFFICE - - 32 EAST GENESEE STREET, - SYRACUSE, N. Y. - -=The New, Cheap, and Only Superior Substitute for Common Plaster.= - -It is hard as marble, and will last as long as the building. - -It does away with the warping and shrinking of doors and casings, it -not being necessary, as with common plaster, to saturate the building -with water. - -It costs but little more than lime plaster, and its superior qualities -make it immeasurably cheaper. - -It saves waiting several weeks or months for the building to dry out. A -room finished one day can be occupied the next. - -It does not crack or fall off, even in case of leakages. - -It is applied easily by any good mason. - -It is the only material with which repairing can be done neatly and “to -stay.” - -☞ For Prices and Estimates, or Further Information, Apply to or Address -the Company. - - - - -IMPORTANT - -To Architects, Builders, House‐Painters, Decorators, Boat‐Builders and -Yachtsmen desiring an _extremely durable_ Finish for Wood. - -[Illustration: ROSENBERG’S - -ELASTICA - -TRADE MARK - -REGISTERED - -FINISHES - -NO. 1 & NO. 2.] - -Are superior to any Varnishes or Wood‐Finishes in the market, for the -following reasons, viz.: - -=They possess more body, higher luster, greater resisting properties -to atmospheric influences, action of water and alkali, are more -elastic, will not scratch or mar white, and are more durable.= - - =For all classes= - Inside Work, - =Requiring great durability, use No. 2 ELASTICA FINISH.= - - =For= - Outside Work, - =Requiring extreme durability, use No. 1 ELASTICA FINISH.= - - WORKS: - 734–740 East 14th Street, - 733–739 East 13th Street, - 199–207 Avenue D. - - Manufactured by - STANDARD VARNISH WORKS, - D. ROSENBERG & SONS, - Office, 207 Avenue D, - NEW YORK. - -Send for Samples and Full Particulars. - - - - -[Illustration: Door Hanger.] - -=The “Barry” Hanger.= - -Each wheel on the =“Barry Hanger”= is on an independent axle. All other -hangers have the two wheels on =one axle=. Consequently, when one track -settles more than the other (as they frequently do), the =axle “tips,”= -and carries the door =side‐wise= toward the lowest track, causing an -unpleasant rubbing against the track or casings below. The =“Barry -Hanger”= overcomes this trouble, and a door will run as =easy= and -=true= in the =center=, when there is a variation of one half inch or -more in the height of the tracks, as it would when they are perfectly -level. - - —MANUFACTURED BY— - SYRACUSE BOLT CO., - SYRACUSE, N. Y. - - - - -BUFF AND BLUE - -AMHERST AND BEREA - -SANDSTONE - -Sawed stone of all kinds. Sawed and split flagging, curbing and gutter -stone and bridge stone. - -THE CLEVELAND STONE CO., CLEVELAND, O. - -Send for illustrated catalogue. - - - - -EXCELLENT BLACK COPIES of Architectural Drawings, Sketches, etc., by -the Patent - -AUTOCOPYIST - -Only equalled by Lithography. - -Specimen Free. - -AUTOCOPYIST CO., 166 William St., New York. - - - - -⁂ PECORA ⁂ MORTAR ⁂ COLORS ⁂ - -[Illustration: - - Office - JOHN M. SHARP, - BUILDER, - 1936 SOUTH COLLEGE AVENUE, - PHILADELPHIA. - -Telephone 3454 - -Philadelphia, Jan. 27, 1887 - -Mess. S. Bowens Sons - -Dr Sirs - -After using a large quantity of your Red & Black I have found them -entirely satisfactory and in all respects the best colors I have -handled. - -Yrs respectfully - -John M Sharp] - -S. BOWEN’S SONS, 150 North 4th St., Philadelphia. - - - - -[Illustration: THE BRIDGEPORT WOOD FINISHING CO. - -G. M. BREINIG, AGENT, PRINCIPAL OFFICE AT MANUFACTORY NEW MILFORD, CONN. - -NEW YORK BUSINESS OFFICE, 96–98 MAIDEN LANE. MANUFACTURERS OF - -WHEELERS PATENT WOOD FILLER - -BREINIG’S LITHOGEN SILICATE PAINT. - -LITHOGEN PRIMER, WOOD STAINS - -SILEX FLINT AND FELDSPAR. - -PAMPHLET GIVING DIRECTIONS FOR FINISHING HARD WOOD FREE TO ANY ADDRESS.] - - - - - =DRAW KNIFE CHAMFERER,= - with adjusting screw to set it to the width of CHAMFER wanted. - -[Illustration: PAT. JULY 19, 87.] - -For sale by the - -=Jobbing and Retail Hardware Dealers.= - -Sent to any address on receipt of 60c. - -=J. H. HOAGUE, TOOL MFR., CHICOPEE, MASS.= - - - - -=Two‐Horse Power Engine. $75.= - -[Illustration: Engine.] - -WITH STEEL BOILER, $150. - -=Cheap, Reliable, Safe.= - -Automatic Boiler Feed. Automatic Pop Safety Valve, Steel Boiler. Cost -of running guaranteed not to exceed three cents per hour. Nothing equal -to it ever before offered for the price. Larger sizes equally low. Send -for free descriptive circular. - - CHAS. P. WILLARD & CO., - 236 Randolph Street, Chicago, Ill. - - - - -=SHIELDS & BROWN CO.= - -=Manufacturers of Sectional= - -[Illustration: INSULATED AIR COVERS] - -—FOR— - -=Steam, Gas and Water Pipes, Drums, Heaters, etc.= - -=The Best Non‐Conductor of Heat & Cold in the World.= - -Send for illustrated descriptive Circular, and name this paper. - - 143 Worth Street, - NEW YORK. - - 78 and 80 Lake St., - CHICAGO. - - - - -[Illustration: Screw Plates. - -THE NEW LITTLE GIANT] - - =Send for - CATALOGUE - F. F. F.= - -[Illustration: Adjustable Die.] - -=WELLS BROS. & CO., GREENFIELD, MASS.= - -MANUFACTURERS OF - -=Screw Cutting Machinery and Tools for Machinists’, Carriage Makers’, -and Blacksmiths’ Use.= - - - - -[Illustration: Portrait.] - - COLEMAN NAT’L BUSINESS COLLEGE. - Newark, N. J. - -National Patronage, Best Facilities, Best course of Business Training, -Shortest Time, Lowest Rates, No Vacation. - -Address, H. COLEMAN, Pres. - - - - -ESTABLISHED 1843. - -Manufacturers of - -=Stable Fittings and Fixtures,= - -=IMPROVED and PATENTED - -IRON, BRASS, BRONZED and NICKEL‐PLATED= - -POULTRY YARD APPLIANCES, ETC. - -Low estimates furnished to Architects, Builders, Carpenters, Masons, -etc. - -=Catalogue Mailed on Application.= - -SAMUEL S. BENT & SON, - -=No. 111 Chambers St., New York, N. Y.= - - - - - EVERY VARIETY OF - PLAIN and FIRE PROOF - =BUILDING PAPER,= - ASBESTOS PAPERS, - -Waterproof and Inodorous Papers, Plain and Corrugated Carpet Linings, -Deadening Felts, Roofing Materials, Tarred Board, &c., &c. - - =Two and Three Ply - Keystone Prepared Roofing= - -Send for Samples and Delivered Price List “B.” - -H. F. WATSON, Manufactu’r, ERIE, PA. - -=Daily Capacity of Mills, 60 Tons.= - - - - -[Illustration: Man Operating Scroll Saw.] - - =CHANDLER & FARQUHAR - 177 Washington St. - BOSTON.= - -New England Agents for - -BARNES’ FOOT POWER MACHINERY - -AND DEALERS IN - -=Machinists’ Supplies of Every Kind= - -Send two stamps for illus. catalogue - - - - -=WELL= - -Encyclopedia of 700 Engravings of WELL TOOLS, - -Diamond Drills and Lightning Hydraulic WELL Machines. - -Book free, 25c. for mailing it. - - American Well Works, - Aurora, Ill. - - - - -Architectural Sheet‐Metal Works. - - Metal Building Trimmings, Ventilating Skylights, - Metallic Roofing Tiles, Building Specialties, - Builders’ Light Iron Work. - -J. S. THORN, - -No. 1201 Callowhill St., Philadelphia, Pa. - - - - -[Illustration: - N. CHENEY. - C. HEWLETT. - -CHENEY & HEWLETT - -ARCHITECTURAL IRON WORKS. - -EVERY VARIETY OF WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK FOR BUILDINGS. - - OFFICE 201 BROADWAY. - NEW YORK. - -BOOK GIVING STRENGTH OF WROUGHT IRON GIRDERS, BEAMS AND CAST IRON -COLUMNS, MAILED ON APPLICATION. -] - - - - -=ARCHITECTURAL AND ORNAMENTAL= - - =IRON STAIRS, GRILLES, - GUARDS, GATES, RAILING.= - -Special attention to Ornamental Work. - -=Vault, Area, and Skylight (Cement and Iron).= - -Designs, Estimates, and Catalogues on application. - -MANLY & COOPER MFG. CO. - -4150 Elm Ave., Philadelphia. 271 Broadway, N. Y. - - - - -=ESTABLISHED 1844.= - -=SAMUEL H. FRENCH & CO.,= - -=York Avenue, Fourth and Callowhill Sts.,= - -PHILADELPHIA, PA. - -=PAINT MANUFACTURERS.= - -Strictly Pure Lead, Zinc and Colors, Dry, in Oil, Japan, and Ready -Mixed for Use. - - PEERLESS - MORTAR COLORS - -=BLACK, BROWN, BUFF, AND RED.= - -Masons’ and Builders’ Supplies. - -SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND CIRCULARS. - - - - -HOYT & BROTHER - -[Illustration: Woodworking Machine.] - - Manufacturing Co., - =AURORA, ILL.= - - MANUFACTURERS OF - =Machinery for Working Wood.= - -=Planing Mill Machinery a Specialty.= - -Send for Catalogue. - - - - -CHILTON PAINTS. - -The Chilton Manuf’g Co. would call the attention of Architects and -persons desiring a good article to their Pure Linseed Oil Paints. The -most durable and therefore the most economical in use. Sample cards of -colors sent on application. - - - =147 Fulton St., New York. - 141 Milk Street, Boston.= - - - - -HULL’S - - Patent Wrought Iron Steel Dome - FURNACE. - (PATENTED SEPTEMBER 5th, 1882.) - -[Illustration: Furnace.] - -Unequaled for Heating Power, Durability, and Freedom from Gas. - -Send for Circular and References. - -Four Sizes. - -Portable and Brick Set. - -Shaking and Dumping Grate. - -No Charge for Estimating. - - MANUFACTURED AND SET BY - HULL, GRIPPEN & CO. - 310 & 312 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK. - - - - -=THE IMPROVED FLORIDA= - -=STEAM HEATER= - -[Illustration: Steam Heater.] - -The best and most complete House Heater in the world. Self‐feeding, -automatic, portable and saves all expense of brick‐work. Most -economical. Carries steam from 10 to 12 hours without attention. -Compact. 14 sizes, from 4 to 6 feet high. Anti‐clinker grate, easily -shaken, no dust. Sales larger than the combined sales of all reputable -Steam Heaters. - -=3500 in ACTUAL USE,= - -all giving the best satisfaction. Estimates furnished on application. -Send for Illustrated Catalogue. Address - - =PIERCE, BUTLER & PIERCE MFG. CO.,= - SOLE MANUFACTURERS, SYRACUSE, N. Y. - -GENERAL AGENCIES - - GEO. B COBB, 97 William St., New York, N. Y. - CRANE BROS. MFG. CO., Chicago, Ill. - JAS. B. ROBERTSON & CO., Baltimore, Md. - N. O. NELSON MFG. CO., St. Louis, Mo. - B. TABER & SON, Chicago, Ill. - JAMES P. WOOD & CO., Philadelphia, Pa. - - - - -Black Diamond Steel Dome Furnaces. - -[Illustration: Furnace.] - -ALL SIZES. - -Patent Self‐Cleaning Ash Pit Obviates labor, dirt, and annoyance. Sure -preventive from fire caused by hot ashes. - - Patented and Manufactured by - The Schoen Heater and Stove Co. - -PORTABLE and BRICK SET. - -Common Sense Clinker‐Crushing Grate. Great saving of labor and fuel. - -Perfect Dump. - -Office and Salesroom - - 13 North Eleventh St. - Philadelphia. - -SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. - -AGENTS WANTED IN EVERY TOWN. - - - - -GAS FIXTURES - -[Illustration: - BENJ. THACKARA - CHAS. THACKARA - A. M. THACKARA - - Chandeliers, - Lanterns, Brackets, - Electroliers, - Ecclesiastical Decorations, - Lamps, - and Grills - IN ALL - Metals. - -Designs Furnished, Estimates Given. - -Correspondence Solicited. - -Holiday Goods. - -Bric‐a‐Brac. - - THACKARA SONS & CO., - 1300 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.] - - - - -Bartlett’s Wrought‐Iron, Brick‐Lined Portable Furnace. - -THE VETERAN, - -For fifty years has proven the Veteran’s Power, Durability, Efficiency, -and Reliability. - -[Illustration: - HOT AIR - RADIATOR - STEEL DOME - - JOB BARTLETT’s SONS - PHILAD. - - USE EGG COAL - - CLEAN OUT - AND - CHECK DOOR - - VETERAN PORTABLE - HEATER - - ASHPIT MUST BE KEPT - CLEAN - - COLD AIR - - PATD SEP. 5. 1882 - AND JULY 20. 1886 -] - - NO DUST, - NO GAS, - NO SMOKE, - NO DAMPERS. - -_No Overheated Cast‐iron Surfaces._ - -=Fire Clay Lined Fire Chambers.= - -The Veteran is made of Heavy Boiler Plate Iron. A Shaking and Dumping -Grate is attached, which will give you great satisfaction in its -control and management. Pure warm air in great abundance. Every furnace -is warranted to give perfect satisfaction. - - =ESTABLISHED 1847. - Job Bartlett’s Sons, 10th & Filbert Sts., Phila. - ESTIMATES AND ADVICE FREE.= - - - - -The Globe Steam Heater - -[Illustration: - - DAMPER - SAFETY VALVE - TO DRAFT DOOR] - -Has been thoroughly tried in many private and public buildings and -always found to be the best. Very economical, and easily managed. - -Large surface exposed directly to the fire. Ask for all particulars -before you place your order for any other. - -=THE GLOBE SAFETY DAMPER REGULATOR SHOULD BE USED ON EVERY STEAM -HEATER IN USE.= - -For new Illustrated Price List of Globe Steam Heating Appliances, -address - -=Globe Steam Heater Co., North Wales, Pa.= - - - - -[Illustration: THE DECORATOR AND FURNISHER. - -FLEMING BREWSTER & ALLEY. N. Y. - -PRESIDENT’S OFFICE OF THE DECORATOR AND FURNISHER COMPANY.] - -The Decorator and Furnisher. - -A magnificently illustrated magazine devoted to the one subject of home -adornment, both in furnishing and decorating. It is an artistic and -practical answer to every inquiry and want in beautifying the home. - -_The Decorator and Furnisher_ contains original designs and articles on -decoration by the best writers and most prominent artists. - -The most successful magazine of its kind in this country, and it -deserves all the prosperity it enjoys.—_Buffalo News._ - -Yearly Subscription. $4.00. Single Copies, 35c. - -_30 & 32 East 14th St., New‐York._ - - - - -ART STAINED GLASS - -FOR CHURCHES, DWELLINGS, Etc. - -Keystone Stained Glass Works, - -271 SOUTH 5th ST., PHILADELPHIA. - - - - -THE IMPROVED ECONOMY - -Combination Steam and Warm Air - -=HEATER= - -IN ITS MANY POINTS OF MERIT - -LEADS EVERY HEATER MADE. - - SIMPLE, PRACTICAL, ECONOMICAL, - EMBODYING - DURABILITY and ABSOLUTE SAFETY. - -[Illustration: The Combination Heater.] - -=Low Pressure=, Radiates Heat with from 1½ to 3 pounds of -Steam. One fire generates both Warm Air and Steam, increasing its -capacity 25 per cent. over any All‐Steam Apparatus. Automatically -regulated, maintaining a uniform temperature. - -=Our System of Warming Buildings with Steam Radiation and Warm Air -insures= - -PERFECT VENTILATION. - - THE ECONOMY WARM AIR FURNACES - Have a reputation that is neither excelled nor equalled for - DURABILITY, POWER, AND ECONOMY, - =and are guaranteed in every respect.= - -SEND FOR NEW 72 PAGE CATALOGUE, - -giving full particulars, descriptions, and illustrations of 7 different -styles of the - - Combination Heaters - AND THE - Economy Warm Air - FURNACES. - - Manufactured solely by the - J. F. Pease Furnace Co., - Syracuse, N. Y., and Toronto, Ont. - -=Eastern Agents.=—EARL B. CHACE & CO., 206 Water St., -New York; JOHN DEMAREST, General New England Agent, 112 -Portland St., Boston; W. H. FENNER & CO., Providence. - -=Western Agents.=—ADKINS & HOFFMAN, 177 East Randolph -St., Chicago, Ill.; GOSS HEATING & PLUMBING CO., 703 Main St., -Kansas City, Mo.; ARTHUR A. POND, 35 Washington Ave. South, -Minneapolis, Minn.; GAGE & HORTON MFG. CO., 1231 Olive St., -St. Louis, Mo. - -[Illustration: The Double Radiator Economy Warm Air Furnace.] - - - - -=The M. H. JACOBS’ FURNACE CO.,= - -Manufacturers of the celebrated wrought iron =spiral= radiator and -steel dome portable - - WARM AIR - FURNACES - -With Hot Water Attachment. - -Most Perfect and Durable - - =THE KING - of HEATERS= - -[Illustration: Furnace.] - -It wears the Crown of Superiority. - - Most Economical - AND - POWERFUL. - -The Spiral Radiator is exciting universal attention and careful -examination by the public, as evidenced by the drift of popular favor. -A cursory examination alone is sufficient to show its merits and -superiority. It combines all the requisites of a successful furnace, -viz.: Future Maintenance, Efficiency, and Power to Economize and -Radiate the Heat Desired. No less attention has been given to the -qualities upon which depend the health and vitality of our families. - -MANUFACTURED BY - -=M. H. JACOBS’ FURNACE CO., Syracuse, N. Y.= - - - - -“=THE AUBURN=” - -STEAM HEATING BOILERS, - -Automatic, Self‐Feeding, Portable. - -[Illustration: Steam Boiler.] - -Requires attention but once in from twelve to twenty‐four hours. Fuel -magazine surrounded by water. Self‐locking shaking grate. Waste of coal -_impossible_. _No dust._ _No gas._ - - The Woodcock Patent Shaking Grate, - For Boiler Furnaces of all Descriptions - -Saves its cost in a year, supplanting all other shaking grates. No -waste of coal. No burnt or broken grates. Self‐locking, and as nearly -automatic as a grate can be made. - -Send for Illustrated Catalogue. - -Woodcock & Co., Auburn, N. Y. - - - - -Notes and Queries. - -(_Continued from page_ vi.) - -so as to form a mixture having the consistency of cream, and apply it -immediately with a brush. If this composition be allowed to remain for -a day or two, and be then washed off with soap and water, the marble -will appear as though it were new. - -(6) J. M. D. asks: Is there any virtue in the “divining rod,” so -called, as a means of determining the locality of hidden streams of -water? A. None whatever. The bobbing of the stick is due to a muscular -pressure by the holder. - -(7) C. W. C. desires (1) a recipe for a stain to imitate mahogany on -white birch wood, that will not raise the grain of the wood. A. A dark -mahogany stain is made as follows: Boil half a pound of madder and 2 -ounces of logwood chips in 1 gallon of water, and brush well over the -wood while hot; when dry, go over the whole with pearlash solution, -2 drachms to the quart. 2. Can you give recipe for making the acid -stain? A. In the acid stain you take nitric acid, and dilute with 10 -parts of water, and wash the wood with it. 3. Are there any books which -give full directions for imitating the different woods? A. We would -recommend for your purpose Spons’ Workshop Receipts (second series), -which we can send you, postpaid, for $2.00. - -(8) A subscriber asks how to make spirit varnish suitable for -varnishing carved wood. A. Take 1 ounce copal and ½ ounce shellac; -powder them well, and put them into a bottle or jar containing 1 quart -alcohol. Place the mixture in a warm place and shake it occasionally -until the gums are completely dissolved; and when strained the varnish -will be ready for use. - -(9) J. W. B. desires a recipe for some fire‐extinguishing liquid. -A. One of the best solutions for the extinction of incipient fires -consists of crude calcium chloride 20 parts, salt 5 parts, dissolved in -water 75 parts. Keep at hand, and apply with a hand pump. - -(10) G. H. A. says: I have lately made a workshop of an upper room, -and have put in a lathe, boiler, and engine of a total weight of -2,400 pounds, resting upon 3 joists 3 inches by 9 inches by 16 feet 0 -inches. Will it strengthen the floor sufficiently to enable it to carry -the increased weight if I bolt three 3 inch by 8 inch joists to the -existing ones? A. You had better use 4 inch by 8 inch joists bolted -with ⅜ inch bolts about 10 inches apart. Take care to provide solid -bearings for your new joists, wedging the ends up with tiles in cement. - -(11) W. A. writes: I have noticed in your issue of the SCIENTIFIC -AMERICAN, at various times, the receipt for making a printing machine -called the hektograph. You also gave a recipe for making a black ink -to be used with the same. I have tried both, but I find a great -difficulty in gaining a success. I have tried the process for the ink -in the manner you describe, but I fail to produce any copies. Ink -is prepared with nigrosine. It will not create a bronze. Would you -therefore kindly direct me in the right direction, that is to say, to -get a black ink that can be used by the hektograph? A. The ink you -desire is made by dissolving soluble nigrosine (aniline black) in 5 to -7 parts of water. It should be a saturated solution and rather thick. -For use on the hektograph it is best to use a purple ink. See “The -Copying Pad,” etc., contained in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, No. -438. - -(12) A. C. R. writes: Can you recommend me a good rubber cement? I wish -to cement leather together, the cement to be waterproof, to resist oil, -and the leather to retain its elasticity after pressing. A. Dissolve -gutta percha in bisulphide of carbon; shave off the edges of the -leather, and pour on the cement; allow to evaporate to dryness. Then -put the two faces together, previously heating thoroughly, and press -until cool. - -(13) G. F. asks the best kind of a vessel to make liquid gold in, for -potter’s use. A. Either a glass or a porcelain vessel will answer. - -(14) W. J. M. asks how papier mache is made to stand the action of -water. A. Coat with a mixture made by fusing together equal parts -of pitch and gutta percha, to which is added two parts of linseed -oil containing five parts of litharge. Continue the heat until the -ingredients are uniformly commingled, and apply warm. - -(15) J. D. & Co. ask a process to prevent the smuts from escaping in -the air from a lampblack house. A. Carry the outlet of your lampblack -chamber to one side and into the top of a vertical shaft, where place a -rose jet of water. Have the water drop vertically in an even spray, so -as to produce a draught down the shaft. The water will gather the waste -lampblack, which can be either utilized or run into the sewer. A vent -at the bottom of the shaft may connect with a chimney or into the open -air. A pump or city water supply will be required. - -(16) W. D. G., Jr., asks how large a main pipe will be required to -supply 6 hydrants and 50 dwelling houses, the water to be brought 1 -mile with a 70′ head; the hydrants to be used with a 1″ nozzle, and -there being no probability of more than two being required at a time? -A. About a 6″ pipe; a smaller one would not give the desired pressure -for hydrant uses. - -(17) S. M. writes: Can you give a formula for a brilliant waterproof -finishing polish to be used on veneer after it is rubbed down with -pumice stone and water? The polish to be applied the same as French -polish. Use linseed oil 1½ pounds, amber 1 pound, litharge 5 ounces, -white lead, pulverized, 5 ounces, minium 5 ounces. Boil the linseed -oil in an untinned copper vessel, and suspend in it the litharge and -minium in a small bag, which must touch the bottom of the vessel. -Continue the boiling until the oil has acquired a deep brown color, -then take out of the bag and put in a clove of garlic; this is to be -repeated 7 or 8 times, the boiling being always continued. Before the -amber is added to the oil it is to be mixed with 2 ounces linseed oil -and melted over a fire that is well kept up. When the mass is fluid, it -is to be boiled and stirred continually for 2 or 3 minutes; afterward -filter the mixture, and preserve it in bottles tightly corked. When -this varnish is used, the wood must be previously well polished and -covered with a thin coat of soot and spirits of turpentine. When the -coat is dry some of the varnish may be applied, which should be equally -distributed on every part with a small, fine sponge. This operation -must be repeated four times, being always careful that each coat will -be well dried first. After the last coat of varnish, the wood must be -dried in an oven and afterward polished. - -(18) G. P. writes: We want some plan to prevent the noise or work of -our lodge room (I.O.O.F.) from being heard in the room below; we have a -good floor and carpet, good partitions, walls plastered, etc., but are -willing to go to quite an expense to remedy the present defect on this -score. A. Probably you have no deafening under the floor. In such case -there are only two ways that we can suggest for your trouble: To take -up the floor and put in a plaster deafening between the seams. Next, -to take up the carpet and lay two thicknesses of roof felting or paper -boards (book‐binders’ boards might do, or paper carpet lining). Then -lay battens across the floor, and a new floor on the battens. Do not -nail the battens to the old floor. Then lay the carpet lining and the -carpet on the lining. - -(19) W. A.—To clean marble from discoloration: Try 2 parts sodium -carbonate, 1 of pumice stone, and 1 of finely powdered chalk. Mix into -a fine paste with water. Rub this over the marble, and the stains will -be removed; then wash with soap and water. - -(20) F. B. asks in regard to papier mache floor covering: 1. Will it -hurt to use printed paper? A. According to the article “A Papier Mache -Floor Covering” we find Manila paper recommended. It is very likely -that newspaper would answer, but it is by no means as strong an article -as the variety spoken of. 2. How thick will that covering be? A. The -thickness depends upon whether more than a single thickness of the -paper is used—probably from one‐sixteenth to one‐eighth of an inch in -thickness. 3. How long will it be before it is ready for use? A. That -depends entirely upon the drying; if artificial heat is applied, we -should think that the whole operation could be carried through and the -covering finished within a week. - -(21) C. C. C. asks: Which would be the best test for water works—to -have three streams on one main near each other, or three streams on -different mains scattered over the town? The mains 8 inches, 6 inches, -and 4 inches, works half a mile from town. A. If you are testing in the -interest of contractors, place the trial streams as near the source of -supply as possible, and also near the 8 inch main. A fair test will be -to locate the streams widely apart on one distributing branch. - -(22) F. L. asks how to imitate walnut graining. A. Try the following: -The wood, previously thoroughly dried and warmed, is coated once or -twice with a stain composed of 1 ounce extract of walnut peel dissolved -in 6 ounces of soft water by heating it to boiling, and stirring. The -wood, thus treated, when half dry is brushed with a solution of 1 ounce -potassium bichromate in 5 ounces boiling water, and is then allowed to -dry thoroughly, and is to be rubbed and polished as usual. - -(23) Z. T. D. asks: How much water per second will flow through a 14 -inch pipe, 80 feet long, with 8 feet head? Also, 18 inch and 21 inch -pipes, same conditions? A. The discharge for 14 inch pipe, 18 cubic -feet per second. For 18 inch pipe, 34 cubic feet per second. For 21 -inch pipe, 50 cubic feet per second. - - - - -Full plans and specifications for any of the various buildings -illustrated in this work may be obtained, on very moderate terms, at -this office. These include churches, schools, dwellings, enlargements, -extensions, wings, etc. The two volumes for the past year, which may be -purchased for $3, contain nearly 200 elevations and many plans. Address -Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, Architects and Builders Edition SCIENTIFIC -AMERICAN. - - - - -PATENTS. - -Messrs. Munn & Co., in connection with the publication of the -SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, continue to examine improvements, and to act as -Solicitors of Patents for Inventors. - -In this line of business they have had _forty‐one years’ experience_, -and now have _unequaled facilities_ for the preparation of Patent -Drawings, Specifications, and the prosecution of Applications for -Patents in the United States, Canada, and Foreign Countries. Messrs -Munn & Co. also attend to the preparation of Caveats, Copyrights for -Books, Labels, Reissues, Assignments, and Reports on Infringements of -Patents. All business intrusted to them is done with special care and -promptness, on very reasonable terms. - -A pamphlet sent free of charge, on application, containing full -information about Patents and how to procure them; directions -concerning Labels, Copyrights, Designs, Patents, Appeals, Reissues, -Infringements, Assignments, Rejected Cases, Hints on the Sale of -Patents, etc. - -We also send, _free of charge_, a Synopsis of Foreign Patent Laws, -showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal -countries of the world. - - =MUNN & CO., Solicitors of Patents=, - 361 Broadway, New York. - -BRANCH OFFICES.—No. 622 and 624 F Street, Pacific -Building, near 7th Street, Washington, D. C. - - - - -=Duplex Steam‐Heater Co.= - -Manufacturers under FISKE’S PATENTS, - -=10 Barclay Street, New York.= - -[Illustration: - - _Simplest in Construction. - Largest Steaming Capacity_. - -WRITE FOR REFERENCES AND DISCOUNT. - -Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Price‐List. - -AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE.] - - - - -=THE NEW ERA RADIATOR= - -[Illustration: SEMI‐SECTIONAL VIEW.] - -Will utilize the heat that now escapes up your chimney. - -It will save =500= to =1,000= lbs. of coal out of every ton. - -=Can be put on any stove pipe=, either in the room with the stove, to -increase the heat, or it will heat room adjoining or room above. - -=COSTS LITTLE. -SAVES MUCH=. - -Send for Circular and Testimonials. - - =Wilmot Castle & Co., - Rochester, N. Y.= - - - - -GATES IMPROVED HOT WATER HEATER - -[Illustration: - -=Office of FITCHBURG GAS CO.= - -FITCHBURG, May 17, 1887. - -Mr. E. N. GATES. - -DEAR SIR: Having now used your system of Hot Water Circulation in my -house from December first to May fifth, it gives me pleasure to say -that it has met the requirements of the extreme cold of the past winter -and the mild weather of the spring months in the most perfect manner, -giving out just the temperature for comfort in all the variations of -temperature outside, and with great economy in fuel. Yours respectfully, - -H. F. COGGSHALL, _Treasurer and Manager_.] - -=The following Special Advantages over other Methods of Heating=: - -1st.—OVER HOT AIR FURNACES.—No Dust! No Burnt Air! No Gas! and -ability to send the heat where it is wanted, without regard to -direction of wind or height of cellar, and using less fuel for amount -of space heated. - -2d.—OVER STEAM, HIGH OR LOW PRESSURE.—From the fact the temperature -of water in radiators can be between 70° and 212° or higher, thus -adapting it to all degrees of outside temperature, thereby, taking the -season through, it makes a great saving in fuel in this point alone, -besides the comfort of having a building evenly heated. - -3d.—OVER OTHER HOT WATER SYSTEMS.—In all others, the water goes -to Radiators from one common reservoir. Therefore, being next to -impossible to have all rooms heated alike. Different rooms will receive -current of water at different rates of speed. With this system all -rooms can be heated alike, when desired, from the fact that each -current is provided with an independent boiler, and the hot water must -go where the pipe leads, and you have perfect control over every room, -and can be put in at less cost than any other system of hot water -heating to do the same work. - -=For Illustrated Circular, References, and Full Particulars, address= - -=E. N. GATES, Box 1504, FITCHBURGH, MASS.= - - - - -=NEW YORK SAFETY DUMB WAITER FIXTURES= - -Patented United States, April 19th, 1887; in Canada, May 18th, 1887. - -[Illustration: Dumb Waiter.] - -The MOST COMPLETE, SIMPLE and ABSOLUTELY SAFE WAITER made. Provided -with SAFETY ROPE, AVOIDING ACCIDENT. ENTIRELY NOISELESS, and moves with -perfect ease. - -FIXTURES ONE SIZE ONLY, adapted to any size waiter. Can be adjusted by -any CARPENTER or MECHANIC. DIAGRAM and FULL DIRECTIONS ACCOMPANY EACH -SET. - -HANDSOMELY BRONZED, and packed ONE SET in a BOX. Sold by the Hardware -trade. - -PRICE, 15.00. - -[Illustration: Dumb Waiter.] - -For catalogue address the manufacturers. - - =THE EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., Limited, - Poughkeepsie, N. Y.= - - =or, JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO., Sole Mfrs. Agents, - 113 Chambers Street, New York.= - - - - -=ARTISTIC HOMES, 1887.= - -[Illustration: N. W. AYER-SON. PHILA.] - -The most practical work published. Contains =76= full page -=Illustrations= of Queen Anne and Colonial Villas and Cottages, costing -from $1500 upward. Price =$4.50=. Parties contemplating building cheap -or expensive residences will find it to their advantage to correspond -with us. - - FULLER & WHEELER, - =Architects, - ALBANY, N. Y.= - - - - -[Illustration: Western Tennessee Hospital for the Insane.] - -Our celebrated =ALDERLY= brand was selected by the Commissioners of the -Western Tennessee Hospital for the Insane at Bolivar, Tennessee, for -the Roof, Gutters and Valleys of the building, over =all other leading -brands= of Terne Plates after a thorough test of all its qualities. - -These buildings required over =1000= boxes of =ALDERLY= Brand Terne -Plate, which is the =largest contract ever made for one particular -brand= of Roofing Tin. - -The =ALDERLY= Brand was selected =purely on its merits=. - - GUMMEY, SPERING, INGRAM & CO., - PHILADELPHIA—LIVERPOOL. - -P. S.—The =ALDERLY= is the only =perfectly square= Terne plate in the -market, being =resheared= before coating. - - - - -THE FEW ADVANTAGES OF THE COMBINATION SYSTEM AS DEMONSTRATED BY - -=THE PERFECTLY COMBINED STEAM AND WARM AIR HEATING APPARATUS.= - -[Illustration: Portable: 3 sizes, 28, 32, and 36 inch.] - -=1st=.—Two results with but one fire. - -=2d=.—All benefit derived from a Steam Heater is radiated in the -Combination, while no sacrifice is made in wasting what you are -compelled to burn before reaching Steam Radiation (212 degrees). - -=3d=.—With steam, when fire is banked for the night, radiation -ceases—in the Combination, never! - -=4th=.—With steam, the consumption of fuel is the same at 60° as it is -at zero. In the Combination, you burn only what the outside temperature -demands. - -=5th=.—The drafts are automatically arranged, requiring no further -attention. - -=6th=.—In zero weather all Hot Air Heaters are weak—in the -Combination, steam supplies the power whenever wanted. - -With these positive advantages, it is no difficult matter to decide -which to purchase. - -A home well heated is a necessity. This comfort can be secured by a -little outlay. - -=THE PERFECTLY COMBINED= - -=Steam and Warm Air Heating Apparatus= - -IS MANUFACTURED BY THE - -=WEIR & NIXON STEAM and WARM AIR HEATING CO.= - -1410 & 1412 North Sixth St., Philadelphia, Pa. - -=CATALOGUES SENT TO PARTIES WISHING HEATING APPARATUS.= - -[Illustration: Brick set: 5 sizes, 28, 32, 36, 40, and 48 inch.] - - - - -The OMEGA FIREPLACE FURNACE - -[Illustration: Fireplaces.] - -20 page illustrated catalogue, containing full information and prices, -sent to any address. - -A Double Heater and Perfect Ventilator. A Revolution in Fireplace -Heating. Gives the combined heat of both a Furnace and Fireplace, with -Perfect Ventilation. Equalizes the heat in every part of the room. -Burns equally well Hard or Soft Coal, Wood or Coke. Address - - OMEGA STOVE AND GRATE CO., - 89 Euclid Ave., - Cleveland, Ohio. - - - - -=The Draper Recording Thermometer.= - -This thermometer gives a permanent and continuous record in ink of the -temperature. The chart indicating hours of the day and days of the week -gives the degrees of temperature from 20° below zero to 110° above. All -instruments are accurately adjusted and warranted. The record is easily -read and absolutely correct. Sold by the leading instrument dealers and -opticians throughout the United States and Canada, and by - - - =The DRAPER - MANUFACTURING CO.= - - Owners of the United States and foreign patents. - 152 Front Street, New York - -[Illustration: Size 14 × 20 in. _Patented. Copyrighted._] - - - - - =THE BARAGWANATH STEAM JACKET - Feedwater Boiler and Purifier.= - -[Illustration: Feedwater Boiler.] - -Boils the feedwater. Keeps the boiler clean. Saves boiler repairs. -Saves from 15 to 40 per cent. of fuel. Large heating surface. No -radiating surface. No back pressure. Thoroughly utilizes the exhaust. -Strong and durable. Over 5,000 in use. Send for circular. - - WM. BARAGWANATH & SON. 40 West - Division Street, Chicago, Ill. - - JAS. B. CROUTHERS, M. E., General Eastern - Manager, 112 Liberty Street, New York. - - - - - =DRAWING INSTRUMENTS, - DRAWING PAPER, - BLUE PROCESS PAPER, - AMERICAN LIQUID INK.= - -A fully illustrated and priced catalogue of 200 pages of all -instruments and materials used by draughtsmen sent upon mention of this -paper. - - =G. S. WOOLMAN,= - 116 FULTON ST., - =NEW YORK.= - - - - -“MERSHON” PATENT - -=SHAKING GRATE= - -For Steam and Hot Air Furnaces. The most reliable and Perfect Shaking -Grate in the world. Send for catalogue. “Mershon” Patent Shaking Grate, -Heater and Range Works, - -=1203 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa.= - - - - -HOW TO MAKE AN INCUBATOR.— - -Full directions, illustrated with 7 figures. Also directions for -operating the apparatus. Contained in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, -No. 612. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and from all -news‐dealers. - - - - -=MINERAL WOOL!= - - =INDESTRUCTIBLE. FIRE‐PROOF. SOUND‐PROOF. - FROST‐PROOF. VERMIN‐PROOF. ODORLESS.= - -For Deadening, Fire‐Proofing, Insulation of Heat and Cold in Buildings, -Prevention of Frost in Water or Gas Pipes. - -[Illustration: MINERAL WOOL FIRE PROOF COVERING - -(Patented May 29, 1883.)] - -Also Fire‐Proof Sectional Coverings for Steam Pipes and Boilers. Best -non‐conductor for all surfaces, Steam or Fire Heat. Will not Char, -Crack, or Burn. Easily applied and removed by any one, and is indorsed -by Insurance Companies. For full information and sample free, address - - =Western Mineral Wool Co., - Box 123. - CLEVELAND, O.= - - - - - EDWARD FORD, PREST. - A. PITCAIRN, VICE‐PREST. - E. L. FORD, SECY. - JOHN F. SCOTT, TREAS. - -PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS CO., - -=CREIGHTON, PA.,= - -MANUFACTURERS - -=POLISHED PLATE GLASS.= - -=Ground and Rough Plate Glass for Floors and Skylights.= - -Three‐sixteenths thickness, made expressly for fine residences. - -=LARGE AND WIDE GLASS A SPECIALTY.= - -The Largest Plates of Glass in the cities of Chicago, Cleveland, -Detroit, St. Paul, Syracuse, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and -in many New York buildings, were manufactured at our works. - -=IMMENSE PRODUCTION.= - -The combined production of our two factories is 260,000 square feet -per month. The largest production of any factory in the world, which -enables us to fill our orders promptly. - -The high reputation and unprecedented large sale of glass made by this -company since its organization is due entirely to its superior quality, -NATURAL GAS alone being used throughout both works as fuel. - -=—CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.—= - - _Works No. 1,_ - =CREIGHTON, PA. - - _Works No. 2,_ - TARENTUM, PA.= - -WESTERN UNION WIRE AND TELEPHONE CONNECTION IN GENERAL OFFICE, -CREIGHTON, PA. - - - - -=REFRIGERATORS.= - -Estimates furnished (under new construction) for - -Hotels, Stores and Butchers’ Use - -ALSO A LINE - -=FOR RESIDENCES,= - - BY - =FRANK W. LOCKWOOD,= - 240 South Second St., Philadelphia. - - - - -[Illustration: J. I. CASE -T. M. Cᴼ. - -SAW MILLS - -STATIONARY & PORTABLE ENGINES and THRESHERS. - -RACINE WISCONSIN. - -SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE] - - - - -=23 Awards of Merit for Superiority.= - -=The oldest, the best, the cheapest.= - -Locks of one piece. No cleats or springs. Simple and perfect. Made in -four sizes, of Copper, Tin, Steel, or Galvanized Tin. - -Full line of Roofing Sundries. - -If you want an antique finish, get our Queen Anne Shingles. - -_Send for Catalogue and Price List, special to the trade._ - -=Wholesale Agents:= - - W. W. MONTAGUE & CO., San Francisco, Cal., Pacific Coast. - KNISELY & MILLER, Chicago, Ill. - GEO. TRITCH HARDWARE CO., Denver, Col. - PHILLIPS & BUTTORFF MFG. CO., Nashville, Tenn. - MCDONALD, KEMP & CO., Toronto, Sole Agts., Canada. - JEROME TWICHELL & CO., Kansas City, Mo. - -[Illustration: Walter Shingle.] - -[Illustration: Section through Shingles.] - -[Illustration: A Dwelling.] - - THE NAT’L SHEET METAL ROOFING CO., - 510 to 520 E. 20th St. N. Y. - - - - -[Illustration: Gushing Well.] - -=ARTESIAN= - -Wells, Oil and Gas Wells, drilled by contract to any depth, from 50 to -3000 feet. We also manufacture and furnish everything required to drill -and complete same. Portable Horse Power and Mounted Steam Drilling -Machines for 100 to 600 ft. Send 6 cents for illustrated catalogue. - - =Pierce Well Excavator Co. - New York.= - - - - -=USEFUL BOOKS.= - -Manufacturers, Agriculturists, Chemists, Engineers, Mechanics, -Builders, men of leisure, and professional men, of all classes, need -good books in the line of their respective callings. Our post office -department permits the transmission of books through the mails at very -small cost. A comprehensive catalogue of useful books by different -authors, on more than fifty different subjects, has just been published -for free circulation at the office of this paper. Subjects classified, -with names of author. Persons desiring a copy have only to ask for it, -and it will be mailed to them. - -TITLE OF SUBJECTS: - - AGRICULTURE. - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY. - ANIMALS, DOMESTIC. - ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING. - ANALYSIS AND ASSAYING. - ASTRONOMY. - BIOLOGY, ZOOLOGY, ETC. - BOTANY. - BREWING AND DISTILLING. - CABINET MAKING, CARVING, AND TURNING. - CARPENTRY. - CHEMISTRY. - CIVIL ENGINEERING. - COOKING. - DICTIONARIES AND CYCLOPEDIAS. - DRAWING, ETCHING, ENGRAVING, ETC. - DYEING AND PRINTING. - ELECTRICITY. - FISHING, SHOOTING, ETC. - GAS. - GEOLOGY & MINERALOGY. - HEAT. - HORTICULTURE AND ARBORICULTURE. - HOROLOGY. - HYDRAULICS. - LAW. - LEATHER. - MATHEMATICS AND SURVEYING. - MACHINERY. - MARINE ENGINEERING. - MECHANICS. - MEDICINE AND SURGERY. - MENTAL SCIENCE. - METALLURGY. - MICROSCOPY. - MILLS AND MILLING. - MILITARY ENGINEERING TACTICS, ETC. - MINING. - MISCELLANEOUS. - MOULDING AND FOUNDING. - NATURAL HISTORY, ETC. - NAVIGATION. - PAINTING. - PERFUMERY. - PHOTOGRAPHY. - PHYSICS. - POLITICAL ECONOMY. - POTTERY. - SANITARY ENGINEERING. - SCIENCE SERIES. - STEAM ENGINEERING. - STEEL AND IRON. - STONE. - TAXIDERMY. - TEXTILE MANUFACTURES. - TECHNOLOGY. - -=Address MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York.= - - - - -[Illustration: Medallion.] - -=RUBBER BELTING, PACKING, HOSE,= - -AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF - -=RUBBER GOODS,= - -——FOR—— - -=MECHANICAL and MANUFACTURING PURPOSES.= - -The Largest and Most Extensive Manufacturers in America. - -=THE GUTTA PERCHA AND RUBBER MFG. CO.= - -=New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Toronto.= - - - - -[Illustration: CONANT BOSTON] - -=MARSTON’S - -Hand & Foot Power - -Circular Saw=. - -Iron frame 36 inches high. Top 80 × 40 inches, centre part of iron with -planed grooves on each side of saw for cutting off gauges to slide -in. Ripping gauge slides in iron groove. Steel shafts. Gears are all -machine cut from solid iron. Boring table and side treadle. Two 6‐inch -saws and two cranks with each machine. Weight 350 pounds. - -Send for price list. - - =J. M. Marston & Co.= - Cor. Appleton & Tremont Sts., - BOSTON, MASS. - - - - -Plans and Specifications. - -Full plans, specifications, and sheets of details, complete, ready for -the builder, may be obtained at this office, for any of the structures -illustrated in this publication. We also prepare plans for buildings -of every description, including churches, colleges, schools, stores, -dwellings, carriage houses, barns, etc. - -We are assisted in this work by able architects, and we try to make -our estimates reliable, so that the work can be done by any reliable -builder at the prices named. Terms moderate. - - MUNN & CO., - 361 Broadway New York. - -VALUABLE BOOKS FOR ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, ETC. - -Promptly sent, on receipt of the price, by =MUNN & Co.= No. 361 -Broadway, New York City. - - -=AMERICAN COTTAGES.= - -Consisting of 44 large quarto plates. Containing Original Designs of -Medium and Low‐cost Cottages, Seaside and Country Houses; also a Club -House, School House, Pavilion, and a small Seaside Chapel, together -with a Form of Specification for Cottages. One large quarto volume. -=$5.00= - - -=ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ POCKET‐BOOK.= - -Containing Original Tables and Valuable Information for Architects, -Builders, Engineers, and Contractors. By E. F. Kidder. Fully -illustrated with plates. Put up in pocket‐book form, morocco flaps -=$3.50= - - -=ARCHITECT’S HAND‐BOOK.= - -A Hand‐Book of Formulæ, Tables, and Memoranda, for Architectural -Surveyors and others engaged in Building. By J. T. Hurst, C.E. -Thirteenth edition. Royal 32mo, roan =$2.00= - - -=ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS.= - -Containing 387 designs and 967 illustrations of the various Parts -needed in the Construction of Buildings, Public and Private, both for -the City and Country; also, Plans and Elevations of Houses, Stores, -Cottages, and other Buildings. By M. F. Cummings, M.A., Architect, -Associate Author of “Architecture, by Cummings & Miller.” One large 4to -volume, 56 plates. Reduced from $10.00 to =$6.00= - - -=ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES.= - -PART I.—12 Designs for Low‐cost Houses. This set includes the Prize -Designs for $2,500 Houses of “Building Competition No. 1.” These will -show Elevations, Plans, and Details, together with Specifications, -Bills of Materials, and Estimates of Cost. In addition to the above, -there are given a number of other Designs, ranging in cost from $500 to -$4,000 =$1.00= - -PART II.—Store Fronts and Interior Details. Containing 12 plates of -Designs and Details for the following classes of Stores: Drug Store, -Restaurant, Village Shop, Retail 25‐ft. Store, Bank and Office Finish, -Cigar Store, Corner Dry Goods Store, Store Front, Basement, and First -Story, and others =$1.00= - -PART III.—Stables. Containing 12 plates of Stables suitable for -Village Lots, ranging in cost from $300 upward. This set of plates will -contain a fine selection of Designs giving Exteriors, Plans, and some -Details. Paper portfolio =$1.00= - -PART IV.—Seaside and Southern Houses. 12 plates of Designs for Cheap -Houses, with ample Verandas, suited to a summer climate. Average cost, -$1,500 =$1.00= - -PART V.—Outbuildings. Containing 12 plates of Designs of small -Stables, Summer Houses, Pavilions, Privies, Fences, Gates, etc. =$1.00= - -PART VI.—Perspectives, Elevations, and Plans, with Specifications, -Bills of Materials, etc., of Houses costing from $500 to $2,500 =$1.00= - -PART VII.—Designs for Door and Window Finish, Wainscoting, Mantels, -Closets, etc. =$1.00= - - -=ARCHITECTURE.= - -Encyclopedia of Gwilt’s, Historical, Theoretical, and Practical. New -edition, revised, with Alterations and considerable Additions. By Wyatt -Papworth, F.R.I.B.A. Nearly 1,600 wood engravings (about 500 being new -to the work). Thick 8vo, cloth =$20.00= - - -=BRICKS, TILES, AND TERRA COTTA.= - -A Treatise on the Manufacture and Materials, Tools, Machines, and Kilns -used. By Charles T. Davis. 800 pages, 228 engravings, and 6 plates -=$5.00= - - -=BUILDING SUPERINTENDENCE.= - -By Professor Theodore M. Clark. One vol. Profusely illustrated with -Plans, Diagrams, etc. =$3.00= - - -=BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.= - -A Complete Manual of the Details of Construction, illustrated with -a large number of engravings. - -PART I. Contents: Walling and Arches; Brickwork; Masonry; Carpentry; -Floors; Partitions; Timber Roofs; Iron Roofs; Slating; Plumbers’ Work; -Cast Iron Girders, etc.; Joinery. - -PART II. Contents: Brickwork and Masonry; Timber Roofs; Roof Coverings; -Built‐up Beams; Curved Ribs; Timber and Iron Girders; Centers; Joinery; -Stairs; Riveting; Fire‐Proof Floors; Iron Roofs; Plasterers’ Work; -Painting, Paper‐Hanging and Glazing. Price of each =$3.50= - -PART III. Materials: 1. Stone; 2. Bricks, Tiles, Terra Cotta, etc.; 3. -Limes, Cements, Mortar, Concrete, Plaster, and Asphalts; 4. Metals; -5. Timber; 6. Paints and Varnishes; 7. Glass; 8. Paper‐Hanging; 9. -Miscellaneous. Post‐paid =$6.00= - - -=CARPENTRY MADE EASY;= - -Or, The Science and Art of Framing on a New and Improved System. With -Specific Instructions for Building Balloon Frames, Barn Frames, Mill -Frames, Warehouses, Church Spires, etc. Comprising also a System of -Bridge Building, with Bills, Estimates of Cost, and valuable Tables. -Illustrated by 44 plates, comprising nearly 200 figures. By William L. -Bell, Architect and Practical Builder. 8vo =$5.00= - - -=CHURCH ARCHITECTURE, WITHERS’.= - -One large volume of fifty‐one 9 × 14 plates, substantially bound in -extra cloth, sent by mail or express to any part of the United States -upon receipt of price, reduced from $15.00 to =$10.00= - - -=CONCRETE.= - -A Practical Treatise on Natural and Artificial Concrete, its Varieties -and Constructive Adaptations. By Henry Reid, C.E., author of “The -Science and Art of the Manufacture of Portland Cement.” Third edition, -8vo, cloth =$6.00= - - -=COTTAGES;= - -Or, Hints on Economical Building. Containing 24 plates of Medium -and Low‐cost Houses, contributed by different New York Architects; -together with descriptive letterpress, giving Practical Suggestions -for Cottage Building. Compiled and edited by A. W. Brunner, Architect. -And a chapter on the Water Supply, Drainage, Sewerage, Heating, and -Ventilation, and other Sanitary Questions relating to Country Houses. -By Wm. Paul Gerhard. One 8vo volume, cloth =$1.00= - - -=COTTAGE, THE SUBURBAN.= - -Its Design and Construction. Containing over 100 illustrations and full -descriptive letterpress. This book gives Practical Instruction on every -question arising in House Building, and should be in the hands of every -one intending to build. One 8vo vol., cloth =$1.50= - - -=DECORATION, INTERIOR.= - -By A. W. Brunner and Thomas Tryon, Architects, with 65 illustrations, -giving suggestions about Hall, Staircase, Library, Parlor, Dining‐Room, -etc. Study, Bed‐Rooms. Fifteen plates. Just published =$3.00= - - -=MANTELS, ALBUM OF.= - -One large quarto volume, bound in cloth =$4.00= - -Unbound in portfolio =4.00= - -This book contains 60 plates and 103 designs of mantels and shelves. - - -=MASONRY AND STONECUTTING,= - -In which the Principles of Masonic Projection and their Application -to the Construction of Curved Wing‐Walls, Domes, Oblique Bridges, and -Roman and Gothic Vaulting, are explained. By Edward Dobson, M.R.I.B.A., -etc. =$1.50= - - -=HOUSE PAINTER.= - -Modern House Painting, containing 20 colored lithographic plates, -exhibiting the Use of Color in Exterior and Interior House Painting, -and embracing examples of simple and elaborate in Plain, Graded, and -Parti‐colors; also the Treatment of old style of Houses, together -with full descriptive letter‐press, covering the Preparation, Use, -and Application of Colors, with Special Directions applicable to each -example; the whole Work offering Valuable Hints and Suggestions on -Harmonious Color Treatment, suitable to every variety of Building. By -E. K. Rossiter and F. A. Wright. Oblong, 4to, cloth =$5.00= - - -=LEFFEL’S HOUSE PLANS.= - -Containing Elevations, Plans, and Descriptions of Houses costing -from $500 to $3,000, and adapted to families having good taste and -moderate means. Including the six prize plans in the Mechanical News -competition. One oblong quarto =$2.00= - - - - -=Band Saws. Band Saws.= - -=DAMASCUS TEMPERED BY NATURAL GAS HEAT, SUPERIOR TOUGHNESS.= - -After more than ten years’ experience in the manufacture of Band Saws, -we have discovered a new process of =Tempering and Straightening= all -at one operation. This process insures =absolute perfection=. - -We specially request all users of Band Saws to send us their address in -full, and also a description of the sizes of saws used, and we will, by -return mail, quote them special prices, and also send them our pamphlet -on the Band Saw, which contains much valuable information for all users -of Band Saws. - -[Illustration: Band Saw Blades.] - -The Superior Quality of our Band Saws, All Tempered, Straightened, and -Trued at one operation, which we have patented, makes them so perfect -that our =SALES HAVE MORE THAN TREBLED IN THE PAST YEAR=. Our largest -and best customers prefer them to the best imported saws. - -☞=WRITE FOR OUR CIRCULAR AND REDUCED PRICE LISTS.=☜ - -=NATURAL GAS= - -Is perfectly free from all impurities, and steel heated by its use does -not scale. It contains no sulphur or other base substances. We are the -first to adopt its use in heating saws for tempering, which explains -the cause of our saws being tougher than any others now made. - -[Illustration: - The Emerson Patent - $100.00 GOLD PREMIUM - DAMASCUS TEMPERED - SAWS - MADE BY - EMERSON SMITH & CO. - BEAVER FALLS PA - Send for price list and circular - PATENTED SEPT. 9ᵀᴴ 1884.] - -=OUR CIRCULAR SAW= - -Of all sizes from 6 inches in diameter to 6 feet, both -Solid and Inserted Teeth, also our - -=Double Toothed Cross Cuts= - -(two saws in one), for all uses =HAVE NO EQUAL=. - -Our SAWYER’S HANDBOOK will be sent =FREE= to any part of the world on -receipt of full name and address. - -Address EMERSON, SMITH & CO. (LIMITED). - -=Beaver Falls, Pa.= - - - - -=Classified Index of Advertisements Published in the Present Number of -the Scientific American, Architects and Builders Edition.= - - - =Adjustable Clapboard Marker.= Page - Stanley Rule & Level Co. cover ii - - =Adjustable Planes.= - Stanley Rule & Level Co. cover ii - - =Advertising Agent.= - B. G. Underwood v - - =Advertising Glass Signs.= - The Western Sand Blast Co. iii - - =Air Brush.= - Air Brush Mfg. Co. iii - - =Architects’ and Surveyors’ Supplies.= - L. Manasse ii - - =Architects.= - Fuller & Wheeler xi - C. Powell Karr, C.E. v - Munn & Co. vi - F. L. Smith ii - - =Architectural Iron Work.= - Cheney & Hewlett viii - J. S. Thorn viii - Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co. viii - - =Architectural Wood Turning.= - Anderson & Dickey iv - Standard Wood Turning Co. iv - - =Artesian Well Machinery.= - Pierce Well Excavator Co. xiii - - =Artists’ Materials.= - F. W. Devoe & Co. vii - - =Asphalt Paint and Cement.= - M. Ehret, Jr., & Co. cover iv - Warren Chemical and Mfg. Co. vii - - =Asbestos.= - Asbestos Packing Co. cover ii - H. W. Johns Mfg. Co. ii - - =Automatic Air Valves.= - Thos. L. McKeen ii - - =Balusters, Stair Rails, Etc.= - The Standard Wood Turning Co. iv - Anderson & Dickey iv - - =Band Instruments.= - Lyon & Healy ii - - =Bath Tub, Tile Lined.= - Sharpless & Watts. ii - - =Black Varnish.= - M. Ehret, Jr., & Co. cover iv - - =Boiler Coverings.= - Asbestos Packing Co. cover ii - M. Ehret, Jr., & Co. cover iv - Shields & Brown viii - H. W. Johns Mfg. Co. ii - Jas. F. Wood & Co. i - - =Booksellers and Publishers.= - Decorator and Furnisher ix - Wm. T. Comstock iv - J. B. Lippincott & Co. vi - Ticknor & Co. vi - - =Brass Goods.= - C. H. Besly & Co. ii - - =Bric‐a‐Brac.= - Thackara Sons & Co. ix - - =Brick.= - Jas. H. Beggs & Co. ii - Chicago Anderson Pressed Brick Co. ii - - =Brick Machinery.= - Chambers, Bro. & Co. iii - Henry Martin v - - =Builders’ Hardware.= - Orr & Lockett cover iii - - =Building Paper, Felt, Etc.= - Asbestos Packing Co. cover ii - M. Ehret, Jr., & Co. cover iv - Warren‐Ehret Co. cover iii - Warren Chemical and Mfg. Co. vii - H. F. Watson viii - - =Builders’ Scroll Saw.= - W. F. & J. Barnes Co. ii - - =Building Plans and Specifications.= - Munn & Co. vi - - =Cabinet Woods and Veneers.= - J. Rayner vii - - =Cables.= - Standard Underground Cable Co. i - - =Calipers.= - Chandler & Farquhar viii - - =Carbolate of Lime.= - M. Ehret, Jr., & Co. cover v - - =Carpenters’ Machinery.= - Fred. A. Rich iv - - =Carpenters’ Tools.= - Stanley Rule and Level Co. cover ii - - =Carpet Lining.= - Warren‐Ehret Co. cover iii - H. F. Watson viii - - =Cements.= - H. W. Johns Mfg. Co. ii - M. Ehret, Jr., & Co. cover iv - - =Chandeliers.= - J. P. Frink ii - Thackara Sons & Co. ix - - =Clapboard Marker.= - Stanley Rule & Level Co. cover ii - - =Color Grinders.= - Wm. T. Lindeman & Co. cover iii - - =Combination Square.= - L. S. Starrett v - - =Contractor and Builder.= - Allen B. Rorke v - - =Copying Process.= - Autocopyist Co. viii - - =Cordage.= - J. P. Tolman & Co. cover ii - - =Covering for Steam, Gas, and Water Pipes.= - M. Ehret, Jr., & Co. cover iv - H. W. Johns Mfg. Co. ii - Shields & Brown viii - Western Mineral Wool Co. xii - Jas. F. Wood & Co. i - - =Creosote Wood Stains for Shingles, Etc.= - Samuel Cabot ii - - =Cutter Heads.= - Sam’l J. Shimer iv - - =Desks and Office Furniture.= - T. G. Sellew cover ii - - =Door Hangers.= - Syracuse Bolt Co. viii - - =Door Plates.= - J. M. Stutzman iii - - =Draftsman’ Adjustable Curve Ruler.= - Frank W. Davenport v - - =Draw Knife Chamferer.= - J. H. Hoague viii - - =Drawing Instruments, Etc.= - G. S. Woolman xii - L. Manasse ii - - =Drilling Tools and Machinery.= - C. H. Besly & Co. ii - - =Dumb Waiter Fixtures.= - The Edward Storm Spring Co. xi - - =Edge Tools.= - Fayette R. Plumb cover iv - - =Electric Conductors and Cables.= - Standard Underground Cable Co. i - - =Electric Lights.= - Brush Electric Co. cover ii - The Thomson‐Houston Electric Co. cover iii - - =Electrical Supplies.= - Shaw & Geary cover iv - - =Elevators.= - L. S. Graves & Co. v - Howard Iron Works. v - Morse, Williams & Co. v - - =End Wood Mosaic.= - Wood‐Mosaic Co. cover iii - - =Engines and Boilers.= - C. P. Willard & Co. viii - - =Engineers’ Supplies.= - L. Manasse ii - - =Feed Water Boiler and Purifier.= - Wm. Baragwanath & Son xii - - =Feed Water Heaters.= - Stewart Heater Co. cover ii - - =Fire Brick.= - Henry Maurer & Son iii - - =Fireproof Building Materials.= - Henry Maurer & Son iii - - =Fireproofing Material.= - Asbestos Packing Co. cover ii - H. W. Johns Mfg. Co. ii - - =Foot and Hand Power Machinery.= - W. F. & J. Barnes Co. ii - C. E. Little ii - Fred. A. Rich iv - Seneca Falls Mfg. Co. ii - - =Furnaces.= - Abram Cox Stove Co. cover iii - Job Bartlett’s Sons ix - Hull, Grippen & Co. ix - E. A. Jackson & Bro. cover ii - M. H. Jacobs’ Furnace Co. x - Klein Furnace Co. i - Leibrandt & McDowell Stove Co. i - Omega Stove & Grate Co. xii - J. F. Pease Furnace Co. x - J. Reynolds & Son v - Schoen Heater and Stove Co. ix - Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson & Co. cover iii - - =Gas Engines.= - Economic Motor Co. cover ii - Williams & Orton Mfg. Co. iv - - =Gas Fires.= - H. P. Dixon & Co. cover iv - - =Gas Fixtures.= - Thackara Sons & Co. ix - - =Gas and Water Pipes.= - Gloucester Iron Works v - - =Glass—Plate.= - Gillinder & Sons cover iii - Pittsburg Plate Glass Co. xii - P. Semmer & Co. iii - - =Glass (Stained and Mosaic).= - Bray & Breck iii - Alfred Godwin cover iv - Gillinder & Sons cover iii - Keystone Stained Glass Works ix - Tiffany Glass Co. vi - - =Glaziers’ Diamonds, Etc.= - Gillinder & Sons cover iii - - =Glue.= - F. W. Thurston & Co. vii - - =Greenhouse Boilers.= - Peter Devine ii - Hitchings & Co. vii - - =Ground & Rough Glass for Floors, Etc.= - Pittsburg Plate Glass Co. xii - - =Hack Saws.= - Miller’s Falls Co. cover ii - - =Hammers.= - Fayette R. Plumb cover iv - - =Hand Sawing Machines.= - W. F. & J. Barnes Co. ii - - =Hardwood Floors.= - Wood‐Mosaic Co. cover iii - - =Heating Apparatus.= - Abram Cox Stove Co. cover iii - Job Bartlett’s Sons ix - Wilmot Castle & Co. xi - Duplex Steam Heater Co. xi - E. N. Gates xi - Globe Steam Heater Co. ix - Hitchings & Co. vii - Hull, Grippen & Co. ix - E. A. Jackson & Bro. cover ii - M. H. Jacobs’ Furnace Co. x - Klein Furnace Co. i - Leibrandt & McDowell Stove Co. i - D. Mershon’s Sons xii - Omega Stove & Grate Co. xii - J. F. Pease Furnace Co. x - Pierce, Butler & Pierce ix - J. Reynolds & Son v - Schoen Heater and Stove Co. ix - Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson & Co. cover iii - Weir & Nixon xii - Woodcock & Co. x - - =Iron Work for Building Purposes.= - Cheney & Hewlett viii - Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co. viii - J. S. Thorn viii - - =Leather Belting.= - Page Belting Co. iii - - =Leveling Instruments.= - John W. Harmon ii - - =Liquid Glue.= - Russia Cement Co. v - - =Lithographers.= - Schumacher & Ettlinger cover ii - - =Lumber.= - I. G. Jenkins vii - - =Lumber Drying.= - Hayden Bros. iii - - =Machinists’ Supplies.= - Chandler & Farquhar viii - - =Mahogany and Veneers.= - Hayden Bros. iii - J. Rayner vii - - =Mail Chutes.= - The Cutler Mfg. Co. cover ii - - =Mantels, Grates, Fire Places, Etc.= - E. J. Johnson vii - - =Masons’ and Builders’ Supplies.= - S. Bowen’s Sons viii - S. H. French & Co. viii - - =Mathematical Instruments.= - F. W. Devoe & Co. vii - - =Metallic Roofing Tiles and Shingles.= - Gummey, Spering, Ingram & Co. cover iv - National Sheet Metal Roofing Co. xiii - Thorn Shingle and Ornament Co. iii - - =Mineral Wool.= - Western Mineral Wool Co. xii - - =Mortar Colors.= - S. Bowen’s Sons viii - S. H. French & Co. viii - - =“New Flint Glass Ornamental Tile.”= - Gillinder & Sons cover iii - - =Office and Bank Fittings.= - A. H. Andrews & Co. ii - - =Organs.= - D. F. Beatty vii - - =Ornamental Brick.= - Jas. H. Beggs & Co. ii - Chicago Anderson Pressed Brick Co. ii - - =Ornamental Glass Work.= - C. H. Postel & Co. cover iv - The Western Sand Blast Co. iii - - =Ornamental Iron Work.= - Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co. viii - - =Ornamental Rustic Work.= - John Wheeler v - - =Packing Materials.= - Asbestos Packing Co. cover ii - - =Paints.= - The Chilton Mfg. Co. viii - F. W. Devoe & Co. vii - Eureka Color Works cover iv - S. H. French & Co. viii - H. W. Johns Mfg. Co. ii - Wm. T. Lindeman & Co. cover iii - W. H. Stewart ii - F. W. Thurston & Co. vii - - =Parquet Floors.= - The Butcher Flooring Co. iv - J. Dunfee & Co. v - Wood‐Mosaic Co. cover iii - - =Pavement Lights.= - Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co. viii - - =Photographic Outfits.= - E. & H. T. Anthony & Co. ii - - =Pianos.= - Marchal & Smith vii - - =Planing Mill Machinery.= - Hoyt & Bro. Mfg. Co. viii - - =Polished Plate Glass.= - Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. xii - - =Porous Terra Cotta.= - Henry Maurer & Son iii - - =Porous Earthenware.= - Henry Maurer & Son iii - - =Poultry Yard Appliances.= - S. S. Bent & Son viii - - =Prepared Roofing.= - M. Ehret, Jr., & Co. cover iv - H. F. Watson viii - - =Pressed Brick.= - Jas. H. Beggs & Co. ii - Chicago Anderson Pressed Brick Co. ii - - =Pumps.= - Goulds Mfg. Co. cover iv - - =Pumping Engines.= - Economic Motor Co. cover ii - - =Radiators.= - Wilmot Castle & Co. xi - - =Railing Iron.= - Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co. viii - - =Railway and Steam Fitters’ Supplies.= - Fayette R. Plumb cover iv - - =Recording Thermometer.= - The Draper Mfg. Co. xii - - =Reducing Valve.= - Mason Regulator Co. iv - - =Reflectors.= - J. P. Frink ii - - =Refrigerators.= - F. W. Lockwood xii - - =Roof Snow Guards.= - John H. Hiller cover ii - - =Roofing.= - Asbestos Packing Co. cover ii - M. Ehret. Jr., & Co. cover iv - H. W. Johns Mfg. Co. ii - W. H. Stewart ii - Warren‐Ehret Co. cover iii - Warren Chemical & Mfg. Co. vii - H. F. Watson viii - - =Roofing Slate.= - E. J. Johnson vii - The American Bangor Slate Co. iv - The Old Bangor Slate Co. vi - - =Roofing Tin.= - Gummey, Spering, Ingram & Co. xi & cover iv - Merchant & Co. cover iv - N. & G. Taylor Co. cover iv - - =Roofing and Wall Tiles.= - The National Sheet‐Metal Roofing Co. xiii - Thorn Shingle and Ornament Co. iii - - =Sandstone.= - Cleveland Stone Co. viii - - =Sand Blast and Embossed Railroad Glass.= - The Western Sand Blast Co. iii - - =Sash Balance.= - Pullman Sash Balance Co. iv - - =Sash Cord.= - J. P. Tolman & Co. cover ii - - =Sash Lock and Ventilator.= - I. G. Jenkins vii - - =Saws.= - Emerson, Smith & Co. xiv - Seneca Falls Mfg. Co. ii - - =Scroll Saws and Tools.= - W. F. & J. Barnes Co. ii - Fred. A. Rich iv - Seneca Falls Mfg. Co. ii - - =Shade Roller.= - Cushman Bros. & Co. ii - - =Shaking Grate.= - D. Mershon’s Sons xii - Woodcock & Co. xi - - =Sheathing Lath.= - I. G. Jenkins vii - - =Shellac.= - F. W. Thurston & Co. vii - - =Shingles (Wood).= - I. G. Jenkins vii - - =Shingle Stains.= - Sam’l Cabot ii - Dexter Bros. i - - =Shutter Worker.= - F. B. Mallory iii - - =Skylights.= - G. Hayes v - J. S. Thorn viii - - =Sliding Blinds.= - Wm. Willer ii - - =Stable Fittings and Fixtures.= - S. S. Bent & Son viii - - =Stained Glass Substitute.= - W. C. Young cover iii - - =Stair Iron.= - Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co. viii - - =Steel Alphabets, Stencil Cutting, Etc.= - J. M. Stutzman iii - - =Taps and Dies.= - Wiley & Russell Mfg. Co. iii - - =Tinting Colors.= - Eureka Color Works cover iv - - =Tools and Foot Power Machinery.= - C. E. Little ii - Seneca Falls Mfg. Co. ii - Fayette R. Plumb cover iv - - =Tower Ornaments, Finials, Etc.= - Thos. W. Jones i - - =Underground Cable.= - Standard Underground Cable Co. i - - =Valves and Hydrants.= - Gloucester Iron Works v - - =Varnish.= - F. W. Devoe & Co. vii - Wm. T. Lindeman & Co. cover iii - Standard Varnish Works viii - F. W. Thurston & Co. vii - - =Vault Lights.= - Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co. viii - - =Ventilating and Exhaust Fans.= - Geo. P. Clark iii - - =Ventilators.= - T. T. Cohen v - Merchant & Co. ii - - =Violin Outfits.= - C. W. Story vii - - =Wall Plaster.= - Adamant Mfg. Co. vii - - =Water Pressure Regulators.= - H. Mueller & Sons i - - =Weather Strips.= - J. Dunfee & Co. v - Richmond Weather Strip Co. iii - - =Weather Vanes.= - Thos. W. Jones i - - =Well Tools.= - American Well Works viii - - =Window Sash Cord.= - J. P. Tolman & Co. cover ii - - =Window Shadings.= - Oswego Shade Cloth Co. cover iv - - =Wood Carpet.= - J. Dunfee & Co. v - Wood‐Mosaic Co. cover iii - - =Wood Filler.= - Bridgeport Wood Finishing Co. viii - F. W. Devoe & Co. vii - Wm. T. Lindeman & Co. cover iii - D. Rosenberg & Sons viii - F. W. Thurston & Co. vii - - =Woodworking Machinery.= - Connell & Dengler iii - E. & F. Gleason cover iv - Goodell & Waters v - Hoyt & Bro. viii - C. B. Rogers & Co. iv - Rollstone Machine Co. iii - Samuel J. Shimer iv - - =Wrenches.= - Geo. W. Marble i - - -[Illustration: - -SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN - - ARCHITECTS - AND BUILDERS - EDITION. - -Vol. IV. - - =JULY–DECEMBER,= - 1887. - -MUNN & CO., PUBLISHERS, - -=No. 361 Broadway, New York.=] - - - - -[Illustration: INDEX.] - -=VOLUME IV.—JULY‐DECEMBER, 1887.= - -Articles Marked * are Illustrated. - - -COLORED PLATES. - -I. A Cottage for $2,500. A residence in Kansas City. With large plate -of details drawn to a scale. July. - -II. A $4,000 cottage. A $1,400 double house. With plate of details -drawn to a scale. August. - -III. A Southern residence of moderate cost. A $1,200 cottage. With -plate of details drawn to a scale. September. - -IV. A residence of moderate cost. A country store and flat. With plate -of details drawn to a scale. October. - -V. City frame houses of moderate cost. A $2,500 dwelling. With plate of -details drawn to a scale. November. - -VI. A dwelling of moderate cost. A suburban residence. With large plate -of details drawn to a scale. December. - - -MISCELLANY. - -Figures preceded by a star (*) refer to illustrated articles. - - -=A= - -Adulteration of flour, 44 - -Africa, industries in, 71 - -Air filter, *23 - -Antiquarian discovery, 24 - -Arch, construction of, 131 - -Apartment house, Mortimer, 121 - -Arch, Roman, *16 - -Architects, women as, 6 - -Architecture, design in, 100 - -Architecture, mud, in Persia, 41 - -Architecture, naval, 49 - -Architecture, school house, *105 - -Architectural era, the, 129 - -Artist’s house, *18 - -Ash, white, the, 125 - -Asphalt, artificial, 47 - - -=B= - -Bamboo tree, 123 - -Bank building, design, *69 - -Basswood, 42 - -Bathing establishment, *134 - -Beams, iron vs. wood, 133 - -Bearings, to obtain, 70 - -Bed room decoration, 50 - -Bell, largest known, 69 - -Bell, Shaw & Gray, *78 - -Bevel, improved, *49 - -Birthplace of James Watt, *121 - -Blacksmith’s epitaph, 18 - -Blinds, 91 - -Blistering, 47 - -Bloomfield, C. C., residence, *72 - -Board, sounding, St. Paul’s, 142 - -Boiler, Auburn, *100 - -Boilers, removing grease from, 61 - -Bourse, at Havre, *10 - -Brick and brickwork, cost, 83 - -Brick dust cement, 69 - -Bricks, Gladstone, 78 - -Brick making, Chinese, 93 - -Bricks, fire, 126 - -Bridge, Britannia, 7 - -Bridges, temporary, *52 - -Broiler farm, Howe, *23 - -Buffet in walnut, *96 - -Builders, items for, 31 - -Building, a great, 140 - -Building, Mr. Gunther’s, 45 - -Building, regulation of, 8 - -Building, Young Men’s Assoc., *24 - - -=C= - -California house, $2,500, *128 - -Camera clamp, *10 - -Candle grease, to remove, 9 - -Car load, American, 32 - -Car wheels, paper, 46 - -Carpet, wood, 70 - -Carriages, sound in, 109 - -Carved work, *43 - -Casino in Vittel, *134 - -Cathedral of Notre Dame, *21 - -Cedar pavements, 127 - -Cedar shingles, 104 - -Ceilings and floors, *36 - -Cement, action of frost on, 89 - -Cement apparatus, 116 - -Cement, brick dust, 69 - -Cement, effect of freezing, 115 - -Cement, Portland, making, 126 - -Cement, Portland, tests of, 87 - -Cement, testing, *37 - -Cement testing machine, *78 - -Chateau at Castelnaudary, *130 - -Chimes, tube, new, *132 - -Chimney, tall, laddering, *52 - -Chimney flues, construction of, 124 - -Chimney tops, 70 - -Chimneys, lamp, how made, 38 - -Chimneys of the ancients, 65 - -Chimneys, removal of, 132 - -Church, an unsafe, 126 - -Church at La Capelle, *94 - -Church at Stratton, *95 - -Church of moderate cost, *40, *109 - -Chutes, mail, *87 - -Circulars, seven foot four, 27 - -City front, design, *115 - -Clamp, camera, new, *10 - -Clock, windmill, 21 - -College, John Crouse, *139 - -College of City of New York, *48 - -College, Polytechnic, Cogswell, *32 - -College, Vassar, sewerage, 99 - -Combustion, spontaneous, 115 - -Composition, new, 63 - -Concrete dockworks, failure, 73 - -Concrete, effect of sea water, 98 - -Contract, roofing plate, large, 120 - -Corner finish, 68 - -Correction, a, 120 - -Cottage, a continental, *35 - -Cottage, a $1,200, *54 - -Cottage, a $3,500, *58 - -Cottage, a $4,200, *140 - -Cottage, an $1,800, *62 - -Cottage, Cambridge, *70 - -Cottage, French, *122 - -Cottage, London, *71 - -Cottage of moderate cost, *39 - -Cottages, seaside, *92 - -Cottage, sketch for, *135 - -Court house, Montpelier, *30 - -Covering for pipes, *118 - - -=D= - -Dam, California, great, 43 - -Decoration, bed room, 50 - -Decorative notes, 95 - -Decorative novelties, 90 - -Decoration, room, 141 - -Design in architecture, 100 - -Dining room, Tatton, *17 - -Disinfectant, new, 92 - -Disinfection for the household, 50 - -Disinfection of sick rooms, 102 - -Dockwork, concrete, failure, 76 - -Donatello, *9 - -Drainage and plumbing, 16 - -Dry rot, 20 - -Dry rot in large building, *104 - -Dumb waiters, 7 - -Duomo of Florence, *9 - -Dwelling, a Brooklyn, *27 - -Dwelling, a $1,200, *30, *88 - -Dwelling, a $2,500, *102 - -Dwelling, a $2,800, *83 - -Dwelling, a $3,500, *111 - -Dwelling, a $3,700, *110 - -Dwelling, a $3,800, *114 - -Dwelling, a $4,000, *60 - -Dwelling, a $4,200, *61, *138 - -Dwelling, a $4,500, *33, *106, *117 - -Dwelling, a $5,000, *57, 140 - -Dwelling, an artist’s, *18 - -Dwelling, an Ohio., *68 - -Dwelling at Cambridge, *24 - -Dwelling at E. New York, *7 - -Dwelling at Flushing, *89 - -Dwelling at Montclair, *2 - -Dwelling at Providence, *5 - -Dwelling, C. C. Bloomfield’s, *72 - -Dwelling, Chicago, *19 - -Dwelling, East Orange, *9 - -Dwelling, English, *8 - -Dwelling, Flatbush, *13 - -Dwelling, Flushing, *28 - -Dwelling for narrow lot, *83 - -Dwelling house, double, *34 - -Dwelling, Kansas City, *3 - -Dwelling, Minneapolis, *108 - -Dwelling, Mr. Gunther’s, 45 - -Dwelling, New York, *1 - -Dwelling of moderate cost, *55, *80, *120 - -Dwelling, seashore, *65 - -Dwelling, small, Paris, *76 - -Dwelling, Southern, *83 - -Dwelling, the Marquand, 34 - -Dwelling, Worcester, *105 - -Dwelling, $3,500, *6 - -Dwelling, suburban, 67 - -Dwellings at Glenridge, *126 - -Dry rot, preventive, 13 - - -=E= - -Earthquake foundations, *96 - -Ebonizing, 100 - -Engine, gas, Charter, 142 - -Engine room, Paisley, *44 - -Entrance, design for, *113 - -Epitaph, blacksmith’s, 18 - -Exhibition at Madrid, *97 - -Exhibition, Manchester, *14 - -Exhibition of building materials, 65 - -Explosive, new, *133 - -Exposition, Agricultural, Nation’l, *31 - - -=F= - -Factory operatives’ homes, *133 - -Faience, Burmantofts, *45 - -Fan, ventilating, *78 - -Fanlight grating, *64 - -Farm, broiler, Howe, *23 - -Feed water heater, new, *142 - -Fences, wire, 18 - -Fever, typhoid, by well water, 126 - -Filing machine, saw, *87 - -Filter, air, *23 - -Finger nail paint, 97 - -Finish, corner, 68 - -Fire and whitewash, 37 - -Fire brick, 126 - -Fire, care in respect to, 96 - -Fire place, marble, *38 - -Fire proof paper, 22 - -Fireside, cheerful, *142 - -Fire proof structures, *124 - -Flies, oil of bay for, 89 - -Floors and ceilings, *36 - -Floors, hydrofuge, *52 - -Floors, stable, *75 - -Flooring, fireproof, *124 - -Flour adulteration, 44 - -Fluatation, 45, 100 - -Flues, chimney construction of, 124 - -Food economy, 61 - -Forestry problem, our, 122 - -Foundations, earthquake, *96 - -Foundations in wet ground, 142 - -Front, city, design, *115 - -Furnace, hot air, Fortune, *142 - -Furniture, willow, to clean, 7 - - -=G= - -Galvanizing process, 95 - -Gangways vs. staircases, 133 - -Gardens at railway stations, 6 - -Gas engine, Charter, *142 - -Gas fitting, rules for, 92 - -Gas tar, use of, 56 - -Gate at Bougival, *93 - -Gift, a jubilee, 50 - -Girders, effect of heat, 22 - -Glass, frosted, 89, 97 - -Glass, plate, 58 - -Glass, stained, 52 - -Glass window, 42 - -Gold, silk, and ivory, 97 - -Granite, 69 - -Granite, red, 26 - -Great woodcock, *100 - -Grating, fanlight, *64 - -Grease in boilers, removal, 61 - -Ground, frozen, excavating, 69 - - -=H= - -Habitations, healthy, 97 - -Hall, Ancoats, *16 - -Hall, Holbrook, *104 - -Hall, Hulme, *16 - -Heater, feed water, new, *142 - -Heater, Fortune, *142 - -Heating by steam, 104 - -Hemlock, 127 - -Hemlock laths, 46 - -Herbinger, Col., tomb of, *42 - -Home of Miss Nightingale, *132 - -Home of Milton, *37 - -Home interiors, 19 - -Homes of factory operatives, *133 - -Hotel Bourgtheroulde, *20 - -Hotel de Peintre, Meudon, *122 - -Hotel de Ville, Paris, *43 - -Hotel, Spokane Falls, *11 - -House, apartment, Mortimer, 121 - -House, a New York, *1 - -House, a $1,200, *30, *88 - -House, a $2,500, *102 - -House, a $2,800, *83 - -House, a $3,500, *6, *111 - -House, a $3,700, *110 - -House, a $3,800, *114 - -House, a $4,000, *60 - -House, a $4,200, *61, *138 - -House, a $4,500, *33, *106, *117 - -House, a $5,000, *57, *140 - -House, an artist’s, *18 - -House, an English, *8 - -House, an Ohio, *68 - -House at Brooklyn, *28 - -House at Cambridge, *24 - -House at East Orange, *9 - -House at Flatbush, *13 - -House at Flushing, *89 - -House at Montclair, *2 - -House at Providence, *5 - -House, California, $2,500, *128 - -House, C. C. Bloomfield’s, *72 - -House, Chicago, *19 - -House, double, English, *34 - -House, Flushing, *27 - -House for narrow lot, *83, *116 - -House, ice, how to build, 130 - -House, ideal, of the future, 64 - -House, Kansas City, *3 - -House, Minneapolis, *108 - -House, Mr. Gunther’s, 45 - -House of moderate cost, *55, *80, *86, *102 - -House, railroad men’s, *108 - -House, seashore, *65 - -House, small, Paris, *76 - -House, Southern, *83 - -House, the Marquand, 34 - -House trap, Pietsch, *69 - -House, Worcester, *105 - -Houses, healthy, 97 - -Houses, suburban, 67 - -Houses, tenement, *66 - -How we have grown, 135 - -Hydrofuge floors, *52 - - -=I= - -Industries in Africa, 71 - -Ink for marking boxes, etc., 129 - -Ink, marking, blue, 129 - -Interior, a Dutch, 115 - -Interiors, home, 19 - -Iron beams vs. wood, 133 - -Iron, to distinguish from steel, 63 - -Ivory, silk, and gold, 97 - - -=J= - -Jacotot, Henri, *22 - -Joints and pipes, 113 - -Joints in woodwork, *10 - - -=K= - -Keystone, ornamental, *125 - -Kerosene oil, 45 - - -=L= - -Lamp chimneys, how made, 35 - -Lane, Market‐sted, *16 - -Lath, Hall’s, *26 - -Laths, hemlock, 46 - -Laundry, an English, 40 - -Leather, top, to clean, 91 - -Library, a curious, 138 - -Library, congressional, 140 - -Library building, *53 - -Library, Carnegie, *31 - -Lift for Eiffel tower, 52 - -Lime, testing, *37 - -Logs, artificial, *142 - -Love‐lies‐bleeding, *70 - - -=M= - -Mail chutes, Cutler’s, *87 - -Manchester Exhibition, *14 - -Marble, effect of snow on, 118 - -Marble, practical use of, 62 - -Marble statue, how made, 139 - -Marble, to stain, 27 - -Marbles, Algerian, 21 - -Marbles, Vermont, 66 - -Masonry, measurement of, 76 - -Memorial, Shakespeare, *119 - -Mercury as disinfectant, 92 - -Milton, home of, *37 - -Mirrors, painted, 44 - -Miters, varying, *18 - -Monument, Grant, design, *77 - -Monument to M. Thiers, *112 - -Mortar, colored, 91 - -Moulder’s sand, 75 - -Mud architecture in Persia, 41 - - -=N= - -Nails, 130 - -Naval architecture, 49 - -Nightingale, Miss, home of, 132 - - -=O= - -Oil, kerosene, 45 - -Oil of bay for flies, 89 - -Open gas fire radiator, 121 - -Operatives, factory home, *133 - -Ornamental keystones, *125 - - -=P= - -Pa crusta, 19 - -Painting, 132 - -Painting brick buildings, 89 - -Palaces, winter, 73 - -Panel, ornamental, *64 - -Panels, terra cotta, 7 - -Paper, best effects in, 50 - -Paper car wheels, 46 - -Paper, water proof, 22 - -Passion flower, new, *22 - -Pavements, cedar, 127 - -Pavilion, ornamental, *107 - -Pedestal tenoner, *74 - -Pile protecting compounds, testi’g, 119 - -Pine, long leaf, 94 - -Pine woods, 134 - -Pipes and joints, 113 - -Pipes, bursting of, 38 - -Pipes, drain, look to your, 130 - -Pipes, water, bursting, 113 - -Planer, improved, *142 - -Planer, surface, new, *100 - -Plaster, sand in, 33 - -Plaster, wall, adamant, 52 - -Plastering, 107 - -Plate glass, 58 - -Plumbing, about, 24 - -Plumbing and drainage, 16 - -Plumbing, not defective, 142 - -Portal of St. Ouen Abbey, *20 - -Portland cement, improvem’nts in, 126 - -Post office, Montpelier, *30 - -Post office, San Antonio, *90 - -Post office, Springfield, *7 - -Prints, transfer to wood, 91 - -Problem, forestry, our, 122 - -Pump, force, Alert, *118 - -Pyramids, 75 - - -=R= - -Rabbit remedy, 130 - -Radiator, New Era, *118 - -Railroad men’s house, *108 - -Rainbows, double and single, 64 - -Readers and patrons, to our, 120 - -Relics, ancient, Sidon, 21 - -Residence, a $1,200, *30, *88 - -Residence, a $2,500, *102 - -Residence, a $2,800, *83 - -Residence, a $3,500, *6 - -Residence, a $3,700, *110 - -Residence, a $3,800, *114 - -Residence, a $4,200, *61, *138 - -Residence, a $4,500, *33, *106, *117 - -Residence, a $5,000, *57, *140 - -Residence, Parisian, *76 - -Residence at Flushing, *28, *89 - -Residence at Montclair, *2 - -Residence at Providence, *5 - -Residence, artist’s, *18 - -Residence, Brooklyn, *27 - -Residence, Cambridge, *24 - -Residence, Chicago, *19 - -Residence, East New York, *7 - -Residence, East Orange, *9 - -Residence, Flatbush, *13 - -Residence for $8,000, *123 - -Residence, Kansas City, *3 - -Residence, Minneapolis, *108 - -Residence, Mr. Gunther’s, 45 - -Residence, New York, *1 - -Residence of C. C. Bloomfield, *72 - -Residence of moderate cost, *55, *80 - -Residence, Ohio, *68 - -Residence, seashore, *65 - -Residence, Southern, *83 - -Residence, suburban, *121 - -Residences, suburban, 67 - -Residence, the Marquand, 34 - -Residence, Worcester, *105 - -Residence, $4,000, *60 - -Riverside Avenue, Spokane Falls, *11 - -Roburite, *133 - -Roofing plate contract, large, 120 - -Roofing plates, Penn, 78 - -Roofing slate, 32 - -Room, twelve mat, *36 - -Rooms, proportions of, 140 - -Rose, Gloire De Dijon, *22 - -Rouen, gems from, 20 - -Ruprich‐Robert, Mr., 19 - - -=S= - -Sand in plaster, 33 - -Sand, moulders’, 75 - -Sandstone in building, 25 - -Saw, band, Marston’s, *142 - -Sawdust, 125 - -Saw filer, Sherman’s, *87 - -Scaffolding, portable, *34 - -School architecture, *105 - -School house and nursery, *63 - -Screens, 91 - -Sewerage, Vassar College, 99 - -Shakespeare memorial, *119 - -Shingle stains, 118 - -Shingles, cedar, 104 - -Shrubs, planting, 50 - -Shutter worker, Malloy’s, *87 - -Sideboard in walnut, *96 - -Silk, gold, and ivory, 97 - -Silk room, disinfecting, 102 - -Silo building, *74 - -Slate, roofing, 32 - -Snow, effect on marble, 118 - -Snow sheds, mountain, 67 - -Sounding board, St. Paul’s, *142 - -Stable, a $5,500, *140 - -Stable floors, *75 - -Staircase, Tatton, *17 - -Staircases, gangways vs., 133 - -Stains, shingle, 118 - -Statue, marble, how made, 139 - -Steam heating data, 104 - -Stone, Caen, 70 - -Stone, preservation of, 100 - -Stone steps, to repair, 116 - -Stone, waterproofing, 45 - -Store, a country., *82 - -Store at Winona, *91 - -Store, country, a $2,000, *59 - -Stores, water pipes in, *104 - -Suggestions, good, 135 - - -=T= - -Tar, gas, use of, 56 - -Tatton, Cheshire, *17 - -Tea, Japanese, 25 - -Tenoner, pedestal, *74 - -Temple, Egyptian, 124 - -Terra cotta panels, 7 - -Theater, a safe, 33 - -Thuja gigantea, 115 - -Timber, green or dry, 7 - -Tomb, M. Thiers’, *112 - -Tomb of Col. Herbinger, *42 - -Tombs, Etruscan, 35 - -Tower on Mount of Olives, 119 - -Trade unions, 104 - -Trap, house, Pietsch, *69 - -Trap, plumbers’, *49 - -Tree, bamboo, 123 - -Trees, planting, 50 - -Trees, planting, roadside, 124 - -Tripod head, new, *10 - -Tube chimes, 132 - -Typhoid, 110 - -Typhoid fever by well water, 126 - - -=U= - -United States, growth of, 135 - - -=V= - -Vase, the largest, 39 - -Vassar College sewerage, 99 - -Vegetables in Japan, 26 - -Villa, a French, *46 - -Villa, an Austrian, *41 - -Villa at Saint Lo, *98 - - -=W= - -Wages, how to increase, 34 - -Wall, Chinese, 44 - -Wall, dividing, removal, 57 - -Wall plaster, adamant, 52 - -Walls, burning buildings, collapse, 127 - -Walter, Thomas U., 134 - -Water, good, value of, 34 - -Water pipes, bursting of, 113 - -Waterproof paper, 22 - -Waterproof stone, 45 - -Water, the, keep out, 120 - -Watt, James, birthplace of, *121 - -Weather strip, Richmond, 26 - -Weather Vane, Reynolds’, *26 - -Wells, look to your, 130 - -Wheels, car, paper, 46 - -White ash, the, 125 - -Whitewash and fire, 37 - -Whooping cough, 87 - -Windmill clock, 21 - -Window glass, 42 - -Window shutter device, *87 - -Winter palaces, 73 - -Wire fences, 18 - -Wood carpet, 70 - -Wood filler, Wheeler’s, 11 - -Wood of Thuja gigantea, 115 - -Wood, preservation of, 65 - -Woodpecker’s sugar bush, 32 - -Woodwork, joints in, *10 - -Woodwork, preservation, 32 - -Woods, pine, 134 - -Woods, staining, 47 - -Woods, uses of, 24 - -Women as architects, 6 - -Writing, minute, 77 - - -=Y= - -Yard, the back, 134 - - - - -The Thomson‐Houston Electric Co. - -—MANUFACTURE— - -THE ONLY PERFECT AUTOMATIC SYSTEM OF - -ARC AND INCANDESCENT LIGHTING - -In the World. - -☞_New illustrated pamphlet will be furnished -on application._ - - THE THOMSON‐HOUSTON ELECTRIC COMPANY, - Principal Offices: 178 Devonshire St., BOSTON. - Western Offices: Pullman Building, CHICAGO. - - - - -=WM. T. LINDEMAN & CO.= - -1400 and 1402 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia, - -=Color Grinders.= - -MANUFACTURERS OF - -Mahogany, Cherry, and Walnut Stains, Philadelphia Flat Brick Red, -Outside Hard Wood Finish, Philadelphia Iron Filler and Steel Color -Paint, Philadelphia Hard Wood Filler. - -——§ AGENTS FOR §—— - -Boston Wax Floor Polish, Bigelow’s Varnishes, Cabot’s Creosote Stains, -D. B. Crockett’s “Preservative” and “Spar Composition.” - - - - - FLOORS End‐Wood a Specialty. - Parquetry, Wood Carpet. - -Fine Hardwood Floors of every approved kind. - -=END‐WOOD MOSAIC= is the most perfect and durable floor covering -ever made of wood. - -CATALOGUE FREE. SAMPLE BY MAIL, FOUR CENTS. MANUFACTURED BY - -WOOD‐MOSAIC CO., - - Office and Works, - 318 SCIO ST., ROCHESTER, N. Y. - - Salesroom, - 321 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY. - - - - -=THE NOVELTY HOT AIR FURNACE,= - -[Illustration: Hot Air Furnace.] - - =FIRE TESTED= - AND - =INDESTRUCTIBLE.= - -=Tens of thousands in use.= - -=All in good repair.= - -=Thirteen Years of Public Service.= - -=Universally Satisfactory.= - -=Its wonderful merit has established its reputation.= - -=“Par excellence,” wherever used.= - -[Illustration: Hot Air Furnace.] - -=It is the original and only possible perfect three drum construction.= - -=Our Patents prevent the use of the essential and truly excellent -features.= - -=Base imitations, avoiding our Patents, exist.= - -=Do not fail to specify the NOVELTY and be sure you get it.= - -GET DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET. - -ABRAM COX STOVE CO., - -EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS in the manufacture of HEATING ENGINEERS’ -SUPPLIES. - - PHILADELPHIA. - CHICAGO. - - - - -ORR & LOCKETT, - -184 & 186 Clark Street, Chicago, - -BUILDERS’ HARDWARE - -OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. - -=We are Sole Chicago Agents for= - - Geer’s Spring Hinge, Norton Door Check and Spring, - Dudley Shutter‐Worker, - -AND SEVERAL OTHER SPECIALTIES. - -=The following are some of the fine Public and Office Buildings -furnished by us:= - -First National Bank Building; Montauk Block; Pullman Offices and Flats; -C., B. and Q. Office Building; Grand Trunk Depot and Offices; New Board -of Trade; Home Insurance Building; Insurance Exchange; Traders; Clark -and Counselman Buildings; and New Union League Club Buildings, of this -city; the Atchison Topeka and Santa Fé Offices of Topeka, Kansas; the -Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern R. R. Offices, at Cedar Rapids, -Iowa; and the George Spencer Office Buildings, at Duluth, Minn. - -CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. - - - - -GILLINDER & SONS, - - =720 ARCH STREET, — PHILADELPHIA.= - - IMPORTERS - AND DEALERS IN - FRENCH and AMERICAN - =Plate Glass, - Looking Glass - Plates, - Enameled, - Colored, - Cathedral, - AND - other Ornamental - Glass.= - - Glaziers’ Diamonds. - =Pure Putty, - Points, etc.= - -[Illustration: Ornate Window.] - - MANUFACTURERS OF - =FRANKLIN= - Window Glass, - Equal to Foreign Brands. - - Also Manufacturers - OF THE - =“New Flint Glass - Ornamental Tile.”= - -—FOR— - - Windows in Cars and Dwellings, - OF - Unequaled Brilliancy. - -(SEE CUT.) - -Catalogues and Estimates furnished on application. - - - - -Beautiful & Lasting for ORNAMENTING WINDOWS, DOORS, TRANSOMS, &c. - -[Illustration: - -=Stained Glass Substitute=] - -AT SMALL COST. Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Prices. Samples by -mail 25 cents. - - =W. C. YOUNG= SOLE AGENT, 733 ARCH ST. - PHILADELPHIA, PA. - -AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE. - - - - -=Warren‐Ehret Company= - - BUILDING AND SHEATHING PAPERS, - COMPLETE READY ROOFING, - —AND— - CARPET LININGS, - -=428 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA.= - - - - -=Popular Fortune Hot Air Furnace= - -FOUR SIZES—Nos. 25, 28, 32, and 36. - -BEST FURNACE KNOWN FOR HEATING DWELLINGS. - - =ECONOMICAL, DURABLE, AND CHEAP. - IMPROVED DUST FLUE, LARGE RADIATION.= - -[Illustration: Hot Air Furnace.] - -Having repeated inquiries for a HOT AIR FURNACE combining all the good -elements of a first‐class furnace, with the FANCY FRILLS left off, that -could be put up at a MODERATE PRICE, induced us to make the “POPULAR -FORTUNE,” sales of which, and the satisfaction rendered, have proven it -to be just the furnace wanted, specially for Suburban Houses. - -Write for circular and prices. - - MANUFACTURERS, - =Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson & Co., - PHILADELPHIA.= - - - - - The BEST Roofing Tin - is the CHEAPEST! - -=But how are you to know that you get the quality and brand wanted?= - -Because every PERFECT SHEET of the following three extra fine -guaranteed brands of Roofing TIN IS STAMPED at the works with the name -of the brand and the thickness. Please note this. - - “Old Style.” - Extra Heavily Coated. - The Best Made. - - =“Westminster.”= - Re‐dipped. Made - from Heavy Iron. - - - COOKLEY - K - Highest Grade of - Heavy Regular Coated. - -=EVERY BOX IS GUARANTEED.= - -Sample pieces of the Tin, also circulars and full information given. - - =N. & G. TAYLOR CO. - Established 1810. 77th year. - PHILADELPHIA.= - - - - -Prepared Roofing - -BEST, CHEAPEST, MOST DURABLE. - -[Illustration: - EHRET’S - BLACK DIAMOND - PREPARED ROOFING -] - - ANYBODY CAN PUT IT ON. - EASILY HANDLED. - -PUT UP IN ROLLS OF 100 SQUARE FEET. - -Send for Latest Circular, Price List, etc. - - MANUFACTURED BY - M. EHRET, Jr., & CO., - - PHILADELPHIA, - 423 Walnut Street. - - ST. LOUIS, - 113 North 8th Street. - - CHICAGO, - 50 Dearborn Street. - - - - - Ornamental - Glass - Works. - - EMBOSSED - Glass, - New Designs. - - Memorial - WINDOWS. - -SPECIAL WORK. - - Brass Signs - AND - Memorials. - -Sample of work on Exhibition at 14 Vesey St., N. Y. - -DESIGNS and ESTIMATES FURNISHED. - - =Work as Reference,= - Union News Co., - Pennsylvania Railroad, - Pennsylvania University. - -C. H. POSTEL & CO., - -1314 RIDGE AVENUE. - - BRANCH OFFICE: - 527 ARCH ST., - PHILADELPHIA, PA. - - - - -=TINTING= COLORS -STRICTLY PURE. - - -=For Painters’ and Builders’ Use.= - -Cannot be excelled for PURITY and FINENESS. - -MANUFACTURED BY - - EDW. E. JILLARD, - EUREKA COLOR WORKS, - 1645 NORTH TENTH STREET, - PHILADELPHIA, PA. - - - - -=WOOD MANTELS.= - - INTERIOR DECORATIONS, - ARTISTIC FURNITURE, - -DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED BY - - GEO. W. SMITH & CO., - 3907 to 3919 Powelton Avenue, - Philadelphia, Pa. - - - - -=FAYETTE R. PLUMB,= - -Successor to =YERKES & PLUMB=, Manufacturer of - -=Hammers, Edge Tools, Sledges, Blacksmith and Railroad Tools.= - -MAIN OFFICE and WORKS: - - =PENN. R. R., - TUCKER AND JAMES STREETS, - PHILADELPHIA, PA.= - - - - - Architects, Roofers, Builders. “Alderly” - and - “Penn” Old Method Roofing Plates - -THE TWO BEST BRANDS OF =GUARANTEED= ROOFING PLATES. - -THERE ARE NO OTHER BRANDS EQUAL TO THESE PLATES. - - -=ALDERLY= - - Made of Siemens‐Martin Soft Steel, same as Old Style Plates. - - Next in Quality, of Standard Weight, Perfectly Square, Perfectly - Assorted. - - True to Gauge. We carry in Stock, Stamped and Unstamped. - - -=“PENN” OLD METHOD Treble Coated Roofing Plate.= - - =GUARANTEED= to stand any test demanded. Guaranteed to be heavier - coated than any other plate, each box, 14 × 20 contains =20 lbs.=, - and 28 × 20 contains =40 lbs.= Guaranteed to have all the Coating - that it is possible for any plate to hold. Guaranteed Rolled true - to Gauge. Absolutely perfect in every respect. Guaranteed to last - longer on Roof without being painted than any other Old Style - Plate. Guaranteed sheets perfectly square and flat. Both =IC= and - =IX=, all strapped with iron. - -SOLE MANUFACTURERS of the =“PATTEN” METALLIC ROOFING SHINGLES=. - - GUMMEY, SPERING, INGRAM & CO., - Philadelphia—Liverpool. - - - - -=STAINED GLASS= - -For Churches and Private Dwellings, etc. - -_JEWELED MOSAICS._ - -Illustrated Catalogues Free. - - ALFRED GODWIN, - 1201 Market Street, - Philadelphia, Pa. - - - - -=WOOD WORKING MACHINERY.= - -Band Saws, Jointers, Pony Planers, Shapers. - -SPECIAL FOR CARPENTERS AND BUILDERS. - - E. & F. GLEASON, 250 Susquehanna Avenue, - Philadelphia, Pa. - - - - -The “Gilbertson’s Old Method” is the only brand of Dipped Plates of -which the makers have notified consumers—through a letter published by -us some time since—that they would send NO WASTERS TO THIS COUNTRY. - -=SHEETS= that are =GUARANTEED= and =STAMPED= are the only protection to -the Architect, Owner, and Roofer, against dishonest competition and the -=USE OF INFERIOR MATERIAL.= - -——MERCHANT & CO.,—— - - 525 Arch St., PHILADELPHIA. - 9 Burling Slip, NEW YORK. - 202 Lake St., CHICAGO. - No. 1 Metal Exchange Buildings, LONDON, E. C. - - - - -GAS FIRES - -_Resembling Wood or Coal._ - -Burning Natural or Manufactured Gas. - -[Illustration: Log Effect Fire.] - -HENRY P. DIXON & CO., - -Manufacturers, - - 1330 Chestnut St., - Phila., Pa. - - - - -=SHAW & GEARY,= - -[Illustration: Electric Bell.] - -MANUFACTURERS & DEALERS - -ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES. - - 53 No. Seventh St., - PHILADELPHIA. - - - - -[Illustration: - CHOUAGUEN, - TRADE MARK - OPAQUED HOLLANDS.] - -In ordering your Window Shadings specify - -=“CHOUAGUEN.”= - -AND TAKE NO OTHER. - -_See Trade Mark._ - -Are the Best Finished, Most Uniform, and Most Durable Goods made. - -ENQUIRE OF ANY DEALER. - - - - -[Illustration: The Goulds -Mfg. Co. - -MANUFACTURERS OF - -PUMPS FOR HAND AND POWER USE IN AND ABOUT - -PRIVATE RESIDENCES - - SEND FOR - NEW NO. 10 - CATALOGUE - - ADDRESS - SENECA FALLS, N. Y. - 60 BARCLAY ST. - NEW YORK] - - - - -[Illustration: A DWELLING OF MODERATE COST] - -[Illustration: Plan of First Floor.] - -[Illustration: Plan of Second Floor.] - -[Illustration: A SUBURBAN RESIDENCE] - -[Illustration: Plan of First Floor.] - -[Illustration: Plan of Second Floor.] - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Scientific American Architects and -Builders Edition, No. 26, Dec, 188, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, DEC. 1887 *** - -***** This file should be named 50927-0.txt or 50927-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/9/2/50927/ - -Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Brian Wilcox and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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- margin-right: 1em; - clear: left; - margin-bottom: .1em; - margin-top: .1em; - font-weight: normal; - color: black; - border: solid 0.8em; - text-align: left; - text-indent: 0em;} - -.boxp1emdash { - width: auto; - padding-bottom: .5em; - padding-top: .2em; - padding-left: .2em; - padding-right: .5em; - margin-right: 1em; - clear: left; - margin-bottom: .1em; - margin-top: .1em; - font-weight: normal; - color: black; - border: dashed 0.1em; - text-align: left; - text-indent: 0em;} - -@media handheld {p.largeimg {display: none;}} - -@media handheld -{ - .image-left - { - float: none; - text-align: center; - margin-right: 0; - } -} - -@media handheld -{ - .image-right - { - float: none; - text-align: center; - margin-right: 0; - } -} - -@media handheld -{ -.nofloat {clear: both;} -} - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Scientific American Architects and Builders -Edition, No. 26, Dec, 1887, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Scientific American Architects and Builders Edition, No. 26, Dec, 1887 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: January 14, 2016 [EBook #50927] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, DEC. 1887 *** - - - - -Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Brian Wilcox and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p class="center noindent">Link to <a href="#CONTENTS">Contents.</a><br /> -Link to <a href="#Classified_Index_of_Advertisements">Classified Index of Advertisements.</a><br /> -Link to <a href="#color1a">Colored plates.</a><br /> -Link to <a href="#INDEX_VOL_IV">Index.</a></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="392" height="600" alt="" /> -<h1><span class="smcap">Scientific American</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Architects and Builders edition.</span><br /> -<span class="sansserif">No. 26</span></h1> - -<p class="caption"><span class="sansserif">With Two Supplements consisting of -Two Plates in Colors and One Large Sheet of Details.</span><br /> -<span class="sansserif">DECEMBER, 1887 Single Copies, 25 Cents.—$2.50 a Year</span></p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Copyrighted, 1887, By Munn & Co.</span><br /> -New York: Published by MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, corner Franklin Street.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_coverii" id="Page_coverii">ii</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="chapter" id="ECONOMIC_GAS_ENGINES"><span class="largest"><span class="smcap">Economic</span> ✠ <span class="smcap">Gas</span> ✠ <span class="smcap">Engines.</span></span></h2> - -<p>Best in principle, workmanship, and materials. An unequalled small -Motor adapted to all uses. When the Motor is not at work, the expense -of running it ceases. Simple, Safe, Economical, Durable. No extra -Insurance required.</p> - -<p class="sans larger">PLUMBERS’ GAS ENGINE.</p> - -<p class="center">Especially adapted for pumping water in Private and Apartment -Houses, Flats, Small Hotels, and many other places.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus002a.jpg" width="400" height="391" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 6.<span class="add4em">1 Man.</span></p></div> - -<p class="center small"><b>Capacity 250 Gallons, 50 feet high, per hour.</b></p> - -<p class="sans larger">LARGER SIZES.</p> - -<p class="noindent"> -No. 7. One‐Half Horse, 600 Gallons, 50 feet High, per Hour.<br /> -No. 8. One Horse, – 1,500 -„ -„ -„ „ -</p> - -<p class="sans larger">GASOLINE GAS ENGINES.</p> - -<p class="noindent"> -No. 15. One Man, – 300 Gallons, 50 feet High, per Hour.<br /> -No. 16. One‐Half Horse, 600 -„ -„ -„ „<br /> -No. 18, One Horse, – 1,500 -„ -„ -„ „ -</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smaller"><b>Four Sizes, from Motor for Sewing Machine or Dental Engine to One Horse -Power.</b><br /> -<b>Our Gas Engines will work satisfactorily when attached to Gasoline -Machines.</b></span></p> - -<p class="sans smaller">SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="larger">Economic Gas Engine Co.,</span><br /> -<span class="small">Office and Salesroom, 34 DEY ST., NEW YORK.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus002b.jpg" width="400" height="94" alt="" /> -<p class="caption h">STAR HACK SAW. -No. 2.</p></div> - -<p>This Saw is much harder than a file, and will cut iron almost as fast -as it will wood. One saw blade will cut off a bar of half‐inch round -iron one hundred times. The blade is eight inches long, and will do -most of the sawing required about a house, shop, or farm. The Patent -Frame is made of steel, polished and nickel plated. It will face the -saw in four directions, as desired. Frame and twelve Saw Blades sent -by mail, postage prepaid, on receipt of $1.50. Hardware dealers will -furnish them at the same price. All genuine goods are marked with a -star and bear our name. We also have full control of the Star Bracket -Saws, and warrant them to be better than any imported blades.</p> - -<p class="center sans">MILLER’S FALLS CO., 93 Reade Street, New York.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="noindent center largest"><b>A</b></p> -<p class="sans">FIRST CLASS</p> -<p class="center larger smcap"><b>OFFICE BUILDING</b></p> -<p class="sans">SHOULD BE <span class="smcap">Furnished With</span></p> -<p class="noindent center"><b>A</b><br /><span class="largest"><b>U. S.</b></span> <span class="large"><b>MAIL CHUTE</b></span><br /> -<b>(PAT’D.) Connecting EVERY STORY with</b><br /> -<span class="large"><b>THE U. S.</b></span><span class="larger"><b>MAIL BOX.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center sans">ADDRESS FOR CIRCULARS, &c.,</p> - -<p class="center larger"><b>CUTLER MF’G. CO.</b></p> - -<p class="sans"><span class="boxp1emsmall"> <small><b>“A NECESSITY.”</b></small> </span> Sole Makers, ROCHESTER, N. Y.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="sans larger">THE OTIS TUBULAR FEED WATER HEATER</p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus002c.jpg" width="259" height="600" alt="feed water heater" /> -</div> - -<p>With Seamless Brass Tubes and the most recent improvements.</p> - -<p>Specially adapted for utilizing the exhaust steam of</p> -<p class="noindent center larger"><b>ELEVATOR</b><br /> -<span class="sansserif">PUMPS,</span></p> -<p class="noindent">both Passenger and Freight, to heat the Feed Water for the boilers.</p> - -<p>We guarantee one square foot of heating surface per horse power.</p> - -<p>We can give reference from Heaters already in operation under the same -conditions, giving the best of satisfaction.</p> - -<p class="noindent center"> -MANUFACTURED<br /> -BY<br /> -<span class="larger"><b>Stewart Heater</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>COMPANY,</b></span><br /> -40 & 42 Clinton Street,<br /> -BUFFALO, N. Y.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus002d.jpg" width="400" height="323" alt="desk" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>DESKS</b></span><br /> -<span class="small">—AND—</span><br /> -<span class="large">OFFICE</span><br /> -<span class="largest sansserif">FURNITURE</span><br /> -<i><b>In Great Variety</b></i><br /> -<span class="smaller"><b>MANUFACTURED BY</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif">T. G. SELLEW,</span><br /> -<b>111 Fulton Street,</b><br /> -<b>NEW YORK.</b> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"> -<b>THE JACKSON</b><br /> -<span class="sansserif larger"><b>Heat‐Saving & Ventilating Grate</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>COMBINED</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>GRATE and FURNACE.</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"> -<span class="sansserif"><b>HEATING</b></span><br /> -<b>on ONE or TWO Floors.</b></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus002e.jpg" width="400" height="387" alt="fireplace" /> -</div> - -<p>Greatest variety of rich and chaste designs in plain or oxidized Iron, -Steel, Nickel‐Plate, Electro‐Bronze, Solid Brass or Bronze. Largest -rooms in coldest climates thoroughly heated. Out‐door air warmed by -the heat wasted in ordinary grates, and introduced, producing perfect -ventilation and equable temperature, without drafts. In use everywhere. Illustrated Catalogues.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>EDWIN A. JACKSON & BRO., 77 Beekman St., New York.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="sans noindent"> -ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS!<br /> -<span class="larger">ATTENTION IS CALLED TO<br /> -ADVERTISEMENT ON PAGE <a href="#mallory">iii.</a></span><br /> -FRANK B. MALLORY.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"> -<span class="small">SPECIFICATIONS SHOULD INCLUDE</span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>Folsom’s Patent Roof Snow‐Guards</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus002f.jpg" width="400" height="132" alt="snow guards" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent">——300,000 IN USE.——</p> -<p class="center">Address, <b>JOHN H. HILLER, 1408 Tremont St., Boston.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Solid Braided Cotton Sash Cord.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus002g.jpg" width="400" height="131" alt="sash cord" /> -</div> - -<p class="noindent">The <b>“SAMSON”</b> Window Line does not wear out. Save the annoyance -of broken cords. Samples free on application to the manufacturers.</p> -<p class="center">J. P. TOLMAN & CO., 164 High Street, Boston, Mass.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>THE</b><br /> -<b>Asbestos Packing Co.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus002h.jpg" width="400" height="195" alt="" /> -<p class="caption noindent"><span class="sansserif">ASBESTOS REMOVEABLE COVERING<br /> -BOSTONITE<br /> -ASBESTOS FLOORING FELT &c.<br /> -No. 1 WAREPROOF SHEATHING<br /> -THE A. P. Co. 3 PLY ROOFING<br /> -ASBESTOS CEMENT FELTING<br /> -ROOFING PITCH</span></p></div> - -<p class="center noindent">OFFICES:</p> - -<p class="sans noindent"> -169 Congress St., Boston.<br /> -33 John St., New York. -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="largest"><b>BRUSH</b></span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="largest"><b>Electric Lights.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center">Incandescence Lights for Apartment Houses and Residences furnished by</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="larger"><b>THE BRUSH ELECTRIC COMPANY,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center">CLEVELAND, OHIO.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> -<p class="noindent"><b>NEW YORK OFFICE: No. 36 Union Square.<br /> -CHICAGO OFFICE: No. 130 Washington Street.<br /> -ST. LOUIS OFFICE: No. 404 Market Street.<br /> -DETROIT OFFICE: No. 88 Griswold Street.</b></p></div> - -<p class="noindent">SEND FOR CATALOGUE No. 8.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>SCHUMACHER & ETTLINGER,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>LITHOGRAPHERS,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>32, 34 and 36 Bleecker and 311 Mott Streets,</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>NEW YORK.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent">FINE COLOR WORK A SPECIALTY.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>STANLEY RULE & LEVEL CO.,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent">MANUFACTURERS OF<br /> -<b>IMPROVED</b></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smcap larger sansserif"><b>CARPENTERS’ TOOLS.</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">FACTORIES:</span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>NEW BRITAIN,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>CONN.</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><b>SOLD BY ALL</b><br /> -<span class="large">HARDWARE DEALERS.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus002i.jpg" width="400" height="108" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Stanley’s Universal Hand Beader.</p></div> - -<p>For Beading, Reeding or Fluting, and for all kinds of light Routering, -this tool is invaluable to wood‐workers.</p> - -<p>Seven superior steel cutters go with each tool. Both ends are -sharpened, thus embracing six ordinary sizes of Beads, four sets of -Reeds, two Fluters and a double Router Iron (⅛ and ¼ inch).</p> - -<p class="center"><b>No. 66 Iron stock with seven Steel Cutters, $1.00.</b></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">119</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter chapter"> -<img src="images/illus003a.jpg" width="600" height="157" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="no-break" id="ARCHITECTS_AND_BUILDERS_EDITION">Scientific American -ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS EDITION</h2> - -<p class="center noindent">NEW YORK, DECEMBER, 1887.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">Entered at the Post Office of<br /> -New York as Second Class Matter.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Vol. IV.<span class="smaller">Subscription, $2.50 a Year.<br /> -Single Copies, 25 Cents.</span><br /> -No. 6.</p> - -<h3 id="THE_SHAKESPEARE_MEMORIAL_AT_STRATFORD_UPON_AVON">THE SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL AT STRATFORD‐UPON‐AVON.</h3> - -<p>The American veneration for the birthplace of Shakespeare is well -known, and it has just taken practical shape by the presentation to -the town of a public drinking fountain and clock tower, the gift -of an American citizen, Mr. George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, in -commemoration of the jubilee of Queen Victoria. The memorial has -been erected in Rother Street, a broad open space near the center of -the town, where several thoroughfares converge, and where the annual -statute fairs or “mops” take place. The structure is handsome and -imposing, and is built of Peterhead granite (for the fountain) and -of hard freestone (for the clock tower). The base of the tower is -square, with projecting buttresses at the four corners, terminating -in acutely pointed gablets, surmounted by a lion bearing the arms of -Great Britain alternately with the American eagle and the stars and -stripes. Appropriate inscriptions are engraved on the four sides of -the memorial. The tower terminates in a spire, beneath and surrounding -which are smaller spires and turrets. The whole height of the structure -is fifty feet. The architect is Mr. Jethro A. Cossins, of Birmingham. -The ceremony of inaugurating the fountain was performed on Monday, -October 17, by Mr. Henry Irving, in the presence of the Mayor (Sir -Arthur Hodgson, K.C.M.G.), the corporation, and a distinguished -company of visitors. Sympathetic letters were read from Mr. J. Russell -Lowell and Mr. Whittier; and speeches were delivered by Mr. Irving, -by Mr. Phelps, the American Minister, Mr. Walter, of the <i>Times</i>, Sir -Theodore Martin, and others.—<i>London Graphic</i>.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus003b.jpg" width="378" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL AT STRATFORD‐UPON‐AVON</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus003b_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (211 kB)</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Optical_Refinements_in_Architecture"><span class="small">Optical Refinements in Architecture.</span></h3> - -<p>Many architects look upon all refinements of line and curve as so much -waste time, and would as soon think of referring to the original Latin -of Vitruvius for rules in proportioning their rooms as to consult and -apply the corrections of the Parthenon to their buildings. In sketching -out his design to a small scale on a sheet of Whatman’s drawing paper, -the architect does so without any further thought than to produce -a convenient plan or a well grouped elevation. Any infinitesimal -correction to the straight line or entasis would be inappreciable to -the naked eye on the surface of paper the inequalities of which would -render it worthless; nor does he take much trouble in the proportions -of his rooms, so long as they look right and fit well. If such -refinements are to be made, they should be shown in large drawings, -or set out to the full size on the works by proper rules and other -instruments. The task is laborious and troublesome, and contract prices -are little in sympathy with such niceties of adjustment. Even of the -more practicable mode of adopting certain ratios and proportions, the -architect does not avail himself very much.</p> - -<p>We do not say that every horizontal beam—such as an entablature -supported by columns at intervals—ought to be “corrected” by the -application of a parabolic curve, or that every string course and -cornice should be arranged to curve or bend upward; but we contend that -these refinements ought to be made in interiors wherever the lines -are long, and contrasting lines and surfaces occur in juxtaposition; -that they are, in truth, applying precisely the same principle of -correction as the colorist or decorator would apply when he takes care -to juxtapose two colors or shades which shall be complementary to or -harmonize with each other.</p> - -<p>It is painful to witness in modern buildings a perfect ignoring of -these principles of design. We go into a public hall or concert room, -and take our seat. The flat coffered ceiling appears to be literally -bending or falling upon our heads. To make the impression still more -apparent, the architect has introduced a circular or flatly curved arch -over the orchestral recess. If the ceiling is a flat curve, as it often -is, the trusses are, perhaps, brought down below and incased, their -lower edges being made perfectly horizontal, the two lines serving -to increase the difference between them; in other words, to make the -trusses look as if they were deflecting.</p> - -<p>Mr. Pennethorne, some years ago, showed that the masses of the temples -of Athens and Rome were designed on perspective principles—that is -to say, the masses and many of the details were designed as they -were intended to be viewed. The point of sight was always before the -architect—that is to say, he studied the effect of his entablatures, -abaci, and other masses of details from points of view that were -likely to be frequented. It is well known that the various sections -through the Doric capitals, the mouldings, and other parts of Athenian -buildings, were composed of different arcs of the conic sections. -Mr. Pennethorne says that the Greek entablature is perspectively -proportioned and arranged to suit the given points of sight thus: The -apparent height of entablature is measured in seconds upon the arc of -a great circle. “Then, dividing this whole apparent height into some -given number of aliquot parts, measured also in seconds, the apparent -height of the architrave, of the frieze, and cornice will, in each -case, be a multiple of this given modulus. Again, by dividing the first -modulus into a given number of apparent aliquot parts, a second modulus -is obtained, by which the apparent heights of all the details of the -cornice of architrave and frieze will be regulated, and the true lineal -heights are then all determined by trigonometrical calculations.” In -short, all the visible heights of features are, upon this principle, -regulated from a given point, the real elevational height of each part -being afterward found.</p> - -<p>This system of proportion would probably entail too much labor upon -the architect to work out with any accuracy, and may be looked upon as -chimerical. But we see instances every day of positive ignorance of -these principles, especially in the designing of mouldings, projecting -features, and towers. If the architect is too impatient to make nice -corrections in the manner we have pointed out, he ought at least to -take the trouble necessary to regulate his heights and masses before -inking in his elevations. Sketching in perspective is a valuable -auxiliary in designing roughly the masses of a building; but some more -accurate method is required in perspectively setting out the heights of -stories, entablatures, parapets, towers, and other features. This can -only be done by adjusting all heights from a given point of sight, or -upon the arc of a circle described from the said point. An elevation is -misleading, as every architect knows who has suffered disappointment -after the building is finished. It only gives vertical heights, which -may be very much curtailed or foreshortened in the actual view of the -building from the opposite side of the street, for example.</p> - -<p>Many towers and spires have been spoiled by designing them in elevation -instead of at the angle. In broach spires we find a want of care in -one particular above the others. The broach is designed on the level. -The hips of the broach are made to look gentle in elevation, but when -raised above the eye 60 or 100 feet, they become so depressed as to -give a very ungraceful and abrupt springing to the spire.</p> - -<p>We may instance the want of entasis to spires and columns. Every one -who has a critical sense of vision must have observed the apparent -weakness there is in a spire that has perfectly straight sides, when -compared with one which has been entasised, and the same with all -columns. Here also the method to insure the correction can be easily -applied. The more important of these refinements are capable of being -made at the initial stage of design, without recourse to decimals -of two or three removes from the decimal point, or to mathematical -calculations.—<i>Abstract from the Building News</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Testing_Pile_Protecting_Compounds"><span class="small">Testing Pile‐Protecting Compounds.</span></h3> - -<p>In 1882 several piles, coated with various patent anti‐teredo -coverings, were driven in the harbor of San Francisco for the purpose -of testing them. Recently Engineer Manson began pulling up the piles in -order to see the result of the experiments. A pile coated with Pearce’s -compound, composed of paraffine, limestone, kaolin, etc., was found -to be completely honeycombed by the teredos. The eucalyptus and cedar -piles were also nearly destroyed. In 1884 the two piles incased by A. -W. Von Schmidt in sewer pipe and cement, the twenty‐three coated by -Frank Shay with asphalt and wire cloth, the ten of McKeon & Co., coated -with warm cement containing a poisonous substance, and those of W. H. -Hayes, coated with Portland cement, etc., were examined by Colonel -Mendel and Mr. Manson. All showed signs of having proved failures. The -insect is ahead of the inventors up to date.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="A_Tower_on_the_Mount_of_Olives">A Tower on the Mount of Olives.</h3> - -<p>The tower which is being erected by the Russians on the highest point -of the Mount of Olives is already several stories high, but one -more is to be added. The object is to make it so high that both the -Mediterranean and the Dead Sea may be seen from the top. A number of -bells will be placed in the tower. In digging the foundation, several -Christian graves were found, together with an inscription in Greek, in -which the word “Stephanus” could yet be deciphered.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">120</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="chapter" id="Scientific_American"><span class="larger">Scientific American.</span></h2> - -<p class="center noindent">ESTABLISHED 1845.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smcap">Munn & Co</span>., Editors and Proprietors,</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>No. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">O. D. MUNN.</span><span class="add4em smaller">A. E. BEACH.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent">NEW YORK, DECEMBER, 1887.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"> -<b>THE<br /> -SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN,<br /> -ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS EDITION.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>$2.50 a Year, Single Copies, 25 cents.</b></p> - -<p>This is a Special Edition of <span class="smcap">The Scientific American</span>, issued -monthly. Each number contains about forty large quarto pages, forming, -practically, a large and splendid <b>Magazine of Architecture</b>, -richly adorned with <i>elegant plates in colors</i> and with fine -engravings; illustrating the most interesting examples of modern -Architectural Construction and allied subjects.</p> - -<p>A special feature is the presentation in each number of a variety of -the latest and best plans for private residences, city and country, -including those of very moderate cost as well as the more expensive. -Drawings in perspective and in color are given, together with full -Plans, Specifications, Costs, Bills of Estimate, and Sheets of Details.</p> - -<p>No other building paper contains so many plans, details, and -specifications regularly presented as the <span class="smcap">Scientific American</span>. -Hundreds of dwellings have already been erected on the various plans we -have issued, and many others are in process of construction.</p> - -<p>All who contemplate building or improving homes, of erecting structures -of any kind, have before them in this work an almost <i>endless series -of the latest and best examples</i> from which to make selections, thus -saving time and money.</p> - -<p>Many other subjects, including Sewerage, Piping, Lighting, Warming, -Ventilating, Decorating, Laying Out of Grounds, etc., are illustrated. -An extensive Compendium of Manufacturers’ Announcements is also given, -in which the most reliable and approved Building Materials, Goods, -Machines, Tools, and Appliances are described and illustrated, with -addresses of the makers, etc.</p> - -<p>The fullness, richness, cheapness, and convenience of this work -have won for it the <b>Largest Circulation</b> of any Architectural -publication in the world.</p> - -<p><b>An Increase of Trade</b> will necessarily accrue to all -Manufacturers and Dealers whose establishments are conspicuously -represented in this important edition of <span class="smcap">The Scientific -American</span>. Terms for advertising very moderate. A card of rates -sent on application.</p> - -<p><b>Bound Volumes</b>.—Two volumes are published annually. Volumes -1, 2, 3, and 4, which include all the numbers of this work from -commencement to close of 1887, may now be obtained at this office -or from Booksellers and Newsdealers. Price, bound in paper, $1.50 -per volume. These volumes contain all the colored plates, sheets -of details, specifications, and all the other interesting matter -pertaining to the work. They are of great permanent value. Forwarded to -any address.</p> - -<p><span class="add4em"><b>MUNN & CO., Publishers</b>,</span><br /> -<span class="add8em smcap">361 Broadway, New York.</span> -</p> - -<p>For additional information concerning any of the plans or buildings -illustrated in these pages, address <span class="smcap">Munn & Co</span>., as above.</p> - -<h3><span class="larger">CONCERNING AGENTS.</span></h3> - -<p>Customers who pay money to subscription agents or brokers do so -at their own risk. Care should be taken to deal only with known, -responsible, and reliable parties. We send no papers until we receive -the subscription price; and no person is authorized to represent us, -act for us, or receipt for us.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Munn & Co</span>., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS<br /> - -<span class="normal">Of the December number of the</span> <span class="smcap normal">Architects and Builders Edition</span> -<span class="normal">of</span> <span class="smcap normal">Scientific American</span>.</h3> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="contents"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc" colspan="2">(Illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk.)</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Arch construction</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_131">131</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Architectural era</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Architecture, optical refinements in</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ash, white</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> -Bamboo tree</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bathing establishment and casino in Vittel (Vosges)*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Beams, iron, in place of wood</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Board, sounding, in St. Paul’s Cathedral</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Books for architects, builders, etc</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bricks, fire</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Building, a great</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cement, Portland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Charleston, S. C., building in</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chateau at Castelnaudary*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimes for churches, new form of*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimes, tube</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimneys, removal of</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Church, unsafe</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>College for women, the John Crouse memorial*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Compounds, pile protecting, testing</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Correction, a</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, a French*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage for $4,200*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, sketch for a*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Drain pipes and wells</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $4,200*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling of moderate cost*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwellings at Glenridge*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Engine, Charter gas and gasoline</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fever, typhoid, carried by well water</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fireproof structures*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fireside, cheerful, how to make*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Flues, chimney, construction of</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Forestry problem, our</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Foundations in wet ground</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Furnace, hot air, the “Fortune”*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Gangways vs. staircases</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Grown, how we have</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Heater, Wainwright*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hemlock</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Home, Florence Nightingale’s*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Homes of factory operatives*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, $2,500 California*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_128">128</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ice house, how to build</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ink, marking, blue</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Keystones, ornamental*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Library, curious</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Memorial, Shakespeare, at Stratford‐upon‐Avon*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Mortar, sugar</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Nails</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Notes and queries</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vi">vi</a>, <a href="#Page_x">x</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Painting</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pavements, cedar</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pine woods</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Planer, improved double surface*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plants for room decoration</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_141">141</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plate, roofing, a large contract for</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plumbing, not defective</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Protection, fire</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Rabbit remedy</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Readers and patrons, to our</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a suburban*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence for $5,000*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence for $8,000*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Roburite—a new explosive*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Roofing plate, contract for, large</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Rooms, proportions of</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Saw, band, hand and foot power*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sawdust</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Stable costing $5,500*</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Statue, marble, how made</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Suggestion, a good</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Temple, Egyptian</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tower on the Mount of Olives</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Trees, roadside, in Belgium</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Victory, tower of</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Walls of burning buildings, collapse of</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Walter, Thomas Ustick</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Yard, back, the</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="TO_OUR_READERS_AND_PATRONS">TO OUR READERS AND PATRONS.</h3> - -<p>The present number closes our fourth volume and brings us to the end of -another year. Many subscriptions now terminate, and we ask our patrons -to be prompt in sending their renewals, thus avoiding the loss of any -numbers. The terms are only $2.50 a year.</p> - -<p>Considering the wealth of illustration, the variety and value of -information presented, this work is by far the cheapest of anything in -the same line.</p> - -<p>To builders, and those contemplating the erection of dwellings or other -structures, our paper has proved to be of great value.</p> - -<p>With every number, during the past two years, we have given plates -in colors of many new buildings, with specifications, accompanied by -extra special sheets of details. In most cases these have been so -complete as to enable the builder and contractor to proceed at once -with the construction; and on the plans thus presented, thousands of -new buildings have been erected in all parts of the country. In almost -every town in the land attractive dwellings are now to be seen, which, -on inquiry, will be found to have been built from <span class="smcap">Scientific -American</span> plans.</p> - -<p>No architectural publication in the world presents to its patrons -so many practical specifications and drawings without cost, except -the merely nominal subscription rate of $2.50 a year. It is hardly -necessary to remind the builder that he would be obliged to pay several -hundred dollars if the same number of plans were to be specially -prepared for him.</p> - -<p>In addition to the colored plates, details, and specifications, we have -furnished a large number of other new architectural illustrations and -many pages of valuable information. In all, the past year’s volumes -include about one thousand engravings.</p> - -<p>We remind our readers of these items with the hope they will mention -them to their friends, and, if possible to secure a new subscription, -to send it in with the renewal of their own.</p> - -<p>Our aim is to improve and enlarge the sphere of work, rendering it more -and more valuable. To this end we need the support and encouragement of -as many subscribers as possible. If each one of our friends will do a -little for us in this direction, all the parties concerned will derive -benefit.</p> - -<p>If any of readers have inquiries to be answered, or suggestions to -make, relating to subjects or features they would like to see treated -in our paper, we shall, at all times, be pleased to hear from them.</p> - -<p>Architects and builders who desire to see their plans reproduced in our -pages are also invited to communicate with the editor.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="A_CORRECTION">A CORRECTION.</h3> - -<p>In our November number an error was made in the estimate given for the -$2,500 house illustrated in our colored plate. The cost should have -been stated at $3,400. In some way the bill for mason work and painting -was omitted. These additions and other modifications bring the cost up -to the above sum.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="A_SUBURBAN_RESIDENCE">A SUBURBAN RESIDENCE.</h3> - -<p>One of our <a href="#color2a">colored plates</a> this month represents a suburban dwelling -built of dark trap rock, trimmed with buff brick, and roofed with -ornamental stamped iron plates. It is now being constructed in New -Jersey, by days’ work, at a cost of about $9,250. The following is an -abstract from the</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap larger">Specifications.<br /> -mason work.</span></h4> - -<p><i>Excavating.</i>—Excavation under the entire house to a depth of about 4′.</p> - -<p><i>Cellar Walls.</i>—Cellar walls built of good sized trap rock. All -necessary bluestone sills, cellar steps, and copings, fine tooled -brownstone steps for stoops, also fine tooled brownstone sills for the -doors and windows above cellar.</p> - -<p><i>Walls.</i>—All stone walls above cellar are medium sized trap rock and -well selected, pointed with black mortar.</p> - -<p><i>Brick Trimmings.</i>—Buff brick used for trimmings, as shown on the -plans, laid in mortar same color as brick.</p> - -<p><i>Chimneys.</i>—Chimneys built of trap rock and buff brick, and topped out -as shown on the plans.</p> - -<p><i>Fireplaces.</i>—Fireplaces built where shown, of white fire brick, and -the hearths laid in tile.</p> - -<p><i>Stone Steps.</i>—Stone steps from main entrance to ground.</p> - -<p><i>Porch Floor.</i>—Porch floor is cemented with Portland cement.</p> - -<p><i>Cementing.</i>—The entire cellar bottom is cemented 3” thick with -concrete and Portland cement.</p> - -<p><i>Plastering.</i>—The entire first and second stories are plastered -three‐coat work, hard finished. Cornices in principal part of first -story and second story hall. Center pieces in rooms to correspond.</p> - -<h4>CARPENTRY.</h4> - -<p><i>Timber.</i>—Timber all well seasoned spruce. Floor timbers, 2″ × 10″, -12″ on centers. Studding, 3″ × 4″. Main rafters, 2″ × 8″, 24″ on center.</p> - -<p><i>Cornice.</i>—The cornice is formed of wood heavily moulded.</p> - -<p><i>Roof.</i>—The rafters are covered with hemlock boards, then covered with -ornamental iron plates laid on tar felt. Valleys and gutters, XX tin. -Leaders, galvanized iron. The ridge is ornamental iron work.</p> - -<p><i>Floors.</i>—The floors throughout are double. The upper floors are -narrow white pine, except hall and kitchen. The hall is narrow oak, the -kitchen narrow white maple, the bath rooms are white maple. The main -hall is paneled wainscot, 4′ high. Kitchen and bath rooms wainscoted -with narrow beaded strips of maple. The trimmings throughout, except -main hall, will be selected white pine. Hall to be of white oak. Doors -to be six paneled. Main stairs and balustrade to be white oak. Others -stairs white pine, with Georgia pine treads. Inside blinds throughout. -Plain bronze hardware on principal part of first story. Jet and bronze -for balance.</p> - -<p><i>Painting.</i>—The wood and iron work on the outside will be painted -three coats. The inside will be wood filled and have two coats of hard -oil.</p> - -<p><i>Plumbing.</i>—The apparatus for plumbing work located as shown on the -plans. To be piped and arranged for water pressure.</p> - -<p><i>Range.</i>—The kitchen to have an approved low down range, fitted in -fireplace.</p> - -<p><i>Heater.</i>—There will be placed in the cellar a No. 14 combination -steam and hot air heater.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="cost1"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc" colspan="2">ESTIMATE OF COST.</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Mason work, complete</td><td class="tdr">$4,400</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Carpenter and roof work</td><td class="tdr">3,400</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Painting</td><td class="tdr">200</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plumbing, gas pipes, etc.</td><td class="tdr">650</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Steam heating</td><td class="tdr">600</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td class="tdr bord_top_yes">$9,250</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="A_LARGE_CONTRACT_FOR_ROOFING_PLATE">A LARGE CONTRACT FOR ROOFING PLATE.</h3> - -<p>The interesting picture of the Western Tennessee Hospital for the -Insane, at Bolivar, in that State, which will be found in our -advertising pages, will command the attention of humanitarians and -administrators everywhere. Such buildings, devoted to such purposes, -are not frequently to be met with. The announcement made in connection -therewith, that the Alderly brand of square Terne plate was selected by -the commissioners for the roof, gutters, and valleys of the structure, -requiring over 1,000 boxes of roofing plate, presents, in a forcible -way, the claims of that article. It is manufactured and sold by Messrs. -Gummey, Spering, Ingram & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa., and Liverpool, -England.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3 id="A_DWELLING_OF_MODERATE_COST">A DWELLING OF MODERATE COST.</h3> - -<p>This cottage is built in Plymouth Park, Buzzard’s Bay, near Wareham, -Mass., one of the most charming locations on the New England coast. -From the veranda a beautiful view is obtained of the bay and coast. -The cottage is erected on one of the knolls (which is one of the -features of the park), and has for a background a grove of pine and -oak trees. The shingles are treated with “Cabot’s creosote stains” of -the following colors: On roofs, a steel gray, and on sides, sienna. -The clapboards are painted a light olive green and trimmed with bronze -green and Indian red. The studs of hall, dining room, and parlor are -exposed, and together with underboarding and beams overhead are planed -and sand‐papered, and all woodwork is given two coats of shellac of -light finish. The second floor is plastered (sand finish). The contract -price for cottage was $2,800 complete. The architect is Chas. E. -Miller, 149 Broadway, N. Y.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap larger">Specification.<br /> -general conditions.</span></h4> - -<p>The contractor is to give his personal superintendence to the work, -and to furnish all transportation, labor, materials, apparatus, -scaffolding, and utensils needful for performing the work in the -best workmanlike manner, according to the true intent and meaning -of the drawings and these specifications, which are intended to be -co‐operative, and when anything is shown on plans and not mentioned in -specification, or vice versa, the same is to be furnished as though -it were both shown and specified. This specification and the drawings -annexed are intended to include everything requisite to the proper -and entire finishing of carpenter’s, mason’s, and plumber’s work, and -the same shall be furnished, notwithstanding every item necessarily -involved in the above words is not particularly mentioned.</p> - -<p>All work when finished is to be delivered up in an undamaged state, -without exception, except where otherwise specified, all materials to -be of their respective kinds, and all labor to be done in the best -workmanlike manner, to the full satisfaction of owner. Should the -contractor introduce, at any time, materials different from the sort -and quality herein specified, the same shall be removed and made good -at the contractor’s expense.</p> - -<p>The contractor will be held responsible for all portions of the work -let to him.</p> - -<p>The contractor shall make no alterations of the drawings or -specification, but should any error or inconsistency appear in these, -it shall be the duty of the contractor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">121</a></span> to duly notify architect, who -will make proper adjustment. The contractor is to give to the proper -authorities all requisite notices of the work in his charge, obtain -official permits and licenses for temporary obstructions and pay all -proper fees for the same, and to be solely answerable for all damage -to neighboring premises or to the person or property of the public by -himself or his men or through any operatives under his charge, whether -in contract or extra work. Contractor is to protect his work from frost -until building is finished, and is to cart away all rubbish and leave -the whole broom clean. All drawings, etc., are to be returned to the -architect, and are not to be used for any other building.</p> - -<h4>CARPENTER.</h4> - -<p><i>Scantling.</i>—Sills over piers 6″ × 8″, sills that rest on stone wall -4″ × 6″, all to be halved and pinned at angles. Plates 4″ × 4″, posts -4″ × 6″, girts 4″ × 4″, braces 2″ × 4″, studding 2″ × 4″. The studding -of hall, parlor, and dining room to be planed and chamfered.</p> - -<p>Partition caps 2″ × 4″ to be planed in the above rooms. Soles 2″ × 4″ -as well. First floor beams 2″ × 8″, 16″ on centers. Second floor 2″ -× 8″, 16″ on centers, and to be dressed when exposed in above rooms. -Attic beams 2″ × 8″, 16″ on centers. All beams under partitions to be -doubled and spiked. Trimmers ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Main Roof.</i>—Rafters 2″ × 8″, 2′ on centers. Valley rafters 3″ × 10″.</p> - -<p><i>Veranda.</i>—Girders 4″ × 8″, floor beams 2″ × 6″, 2′ on centers. -Rafters 2″ × 6″ (dressed). Posts constructed of studs. Hemlock boards -and shingles. Veranda roof timber will be exposed and dressed, floor to -be merchantable yellow pine, free from large loose knots, shakes, or -sap. Balcony floors to be covered with heavy canvas and slushed over -with metallic paint, to be graded away from wall of house.</p> - -<p><i>Framing.</i>—The house to be framed and braced in a perfect and -substantial manner, and to be perfectly plumb and true. All beams to be -spiked together where practicable, so as to form tie across building. -All framing of beams to be with tenon and tusk. Roofs strongly framed -and cross bridges, first and third tier of beams. Gutters on roof to be -hung of galvanized iron. Veranda to be built in and lined with Merchant -& Company’s roofing tin (or plates). There will be three 4″ galvanized -iron leaders for main roof, and one in front for veranda. (See plans.)</p> - -<p><i>Gables.</i>—Construct gables as shown.</p> - -<p><i>Roofing.</i>—Cover all roofs with sawed pine shingles 6″ × 18″, three -shingles to the lap. On main roofs these to be nailed on shingle laths; -on veranda roofs, on spruce boards, underside dressed (as specified). -Flashing of Merchant & Company’s old method roofing plates. Flash -around chimney, valleys, and junction of roofs with walls of house.</p> - -<p><i>Walls.</i>—The walls of hall, dining room, and parlor to be covered with -good ⅞″ pine boards dressed on exposed side; all other underboarding -to be of hemlock of even thickness. Over this cover walls with felt -paper, and then on first story cover paper with clear pine clapboards -5″ to weather. Above felt cover paper with 6″× 16″ sawed pine shingles -not more than 6″ to weather. Between partitions of hall, dining room, -and parlor fit ⅞″ pine boards, dressed on both sides, with ¼ round -mould to keep panel in place; the sheathing on other sides of room -dressed on one side; boards not more than 5″ wide.</p> - -<p><i>Bases.</i>—Form base as shown of 1½″ thick pine.</p> - -<p><i>Casings.</i>—1¼″ thick and 2″ wide.</p> - -<p><i>Furring.</i>—Fur out the walls of stairs to cellar (corner boards to be -4″ wide, 1¼″ thick; put on angle beads where necessary).</p> - -<p><i>Outside Step.</i>—⅞″ thick riser, 1¼″ thick tread.</p> - -<p><i>Flooring.</i>—First and second floors to be made of good T. and G. -yellow pine in rooms over hall, parlor, and dining room; to be dressed -on both sides; third floor spruce; all to be not more than 5″ wide.</p> - -<p><i>Partitions.</i>—Set the partitions between hall, parlor, dining room, -pantry, kitchen, and cellar stairs with 2″ × 4″ spruce, studs dressed -and chamfered. (<i>Note.</i>—This is to be done so as to make a uniform -appearance in hall, dining room, and parlor.) Studs of all other -partitions of hemlock. Construct woodwork between piers, as shown.</p> - -<p><i>Interior Stock.</i>—All the stock for inside finish to be best quality, -well seasoned, smoothed, and sand‐papered, and, unless otherwise -specified, of white pine. Hardwood saddles for all hearths and door -openings.</p> - -<p><i>Architraves.</i>—All doors and windows to have ⅞″ × 5″ plain -architrave with moulding and bead on ends. No splicing allowed.</p> - -<p><i>Doors.</i>—Front door to be 2″ thick, of design shown (cherry). All -other doors to have 1⅝″ thick four paneled stock door (local -manufacture), and, unless otherwise shown, to be 2′ 6″ × 7′ 6″. The -openings from hall to parlor and dining room to be: hall and parlor, 7′ -× 7′ 6″; hall and dining room, 6′ × 7′ 6″. Bases 6″ high, moulded (in bed -rooms, closets, and pantries).</p> - -<p><i>Door Frames.</i>—All door frames to have 1⅛″ thick jamb, with stops -nailed on.</p> - -<p><i>Window Frames.</i>—All windows, unless otherwise shown, to have box -frames with pockets; sills to have sub‐sill, upper sill, plowed, etc., -and given proper pitch.</p> - -<p><i>Sashes.</i>—All sashes to be 1⅝″ thick, with lights as shown, and to -have moulded sash bars. All sliding sashes to be double hung, the best -steel axle pulleys, hemp sash cords, and iron weights. Cellar windows -to have plank frame hinged at top. Casements to be hinged and have -spring catches.</p> - -<p><i>Bath Room.</i>—Sheathe up sides of bath tub, riser of water closet and -basin, with clear white pine ⅝″ thick; wainscoating of bath room of -same stuff 4′ 6″ high with neat mould on top. Make a batten door under -basin with catch, etc. Door in riser of and in top of water closet and -bath to be black walnut put on with brass screws.</p> - -<p><i>Closets.</i>—Fit up closets, except as otherwise specified, with one -shelf, and cleat under for books. Bed room in attic to be furred as -shown.</p> - -<p><i>Dressers.</i>—Fit up dresser in kitchen of clear white pine, glass doors -at top and drawers and cupboards under; dressers in pantry to be the -same.</p> - -<p><i>Blinds.</i>—Provide and hang to all windows of first and second floors -1¼″ outside blinds of two folds properly hinged, and having rolling -slats.</p> - -<p><i>Base Knobs.</i>—To all doors, and to have rubber tips.</p> - -<p><i>Hardware.</i>—Butts.—All doors to be properly hung with japanned butts -of requisite sizes. Locks.—The front door to be supplied with brass -faced mortise, patent reversible front door knob lock with night work, -with two keys to each combination, and brass striking plate. All other -doors (except closets) to have 4″ mortised locks, brass face and brass -striking plate. Closets to have rim locks. All locks to have brass -keys. Knobs.—The front door to have a plain 2½″ round bronze knob, -with bronze rose and drop escutcheon to match. All other knobs to be -(black) terra cotta with bronze iron mounting, etc. Bell pulls.—The -bell pull to front door to be bronze, to match front door hardware. -Bolts.—The rear door to kitchen to have two barrel bolts; door to -cellar one, doors to bulkhead to have brass padlock with staples, -etc. Drawer pulls.—Drawers to have bronzed iron drawer pulls. Sash -fasts.—All double hung windows on first floor to have Morris patent -self‐locking sash fasts, to be of bronzed iron. Put on patent fasts to -all casements, windows. Hooks.—Put heavy, triple hooks of japanned -cast iron to all closets, 8″ apart. Screws.—All hinges, etc., to -be securely put in place with steel screws of proper size. Bell -hanging.—Put in a large gong for front door, properly connect with -wire, etc.</p> - -<p><i>Stairs.</i>—Main stairs to have an open string moulded and nosing to -return on ends and carried around well. Risers ⅞″ thick, tread 1½″ -thick: tread and risers housed into wall string and treads plowed into -risers; risers plowed into the underside of the tread. The outer string -to be 1″ thick, and beaded on lower edge. All to be of clear pine. -The stairs to have cherry newel, 5″ × 5″, turned. Cherry rail, 2″ × -3″. Balusters, 3 on each tread, 1⅛ × 1⅛; all to be solidly put -together and wedged. Cellar stairs to have 1½″ thick strings, sawed -to receive 1¼ treads; all of spruce. Attic stairs to have 1¼″ -strings, plowed to receive risers and treads; all of spruce.</p> - -<h4>PAINTING.</h4> - -<p>All shingles of walls and roof to be stained with Cabot’s best creosote -stains, of colors selected by architect. The clapboards to receive two -coats of best white lead and linseed oil finish, in colors as directed.</p> - -<p><i>Hardwood.</i>—The newel, rail, and balusters to be filled with three -coats of hard oil, rubbed to a dead finish. The studs and beams -overhead in dining room, parlor, and hall to have two coats of shellac -(or Wheeler’s hard finish). All other woodwork the same.</p> - -<p><i>Glazing.</i>—All glass to be double thick American, of number of lights -shown; all to be well puttied and tacked, thoroughly cleaned, and left -whole and perfect. All small lights to have cathedral glass, selected.</p> - -<h4>MASON.</h4> - -<p><i>Excavation.</i>—Excavate for all cellar wall piers, etc., as shown. Dump -the earth where directed, and leave the premises clear after building -is finished. Piers 3′ below surface.</p> - -<p><i>Cement, Lime, and Sand.</i>—All lime used in the mason’s work to be -extra No. 1 Rockland lime. Cement, best quality Rosendale of approved -brand. Sand to be clean and sharp, and all to be used in proper -proportions.</p> - -<p><i>Foundations.</i>—Furnish all materials and build walls, unless otherwise -shown, 1′ 6″ thick of stone laid in lime and cement mortar in equal -portions, and clean, sharp sand in proper proportion; the whole to be -well bonded and trowel jointed inside and out.</p> - -<p><i>Hearths.</i>—Hearths to be of Portland cement, with lampblack to give -color.</p> - -<p><i>Bluestone.</i>—Chimney cap to be of bluestone in one piece, holes for -flues cut in. Cellar stairs as shown.</p> - -<p><i>Brickwork.</i>—Brickwork of chimney to be selected, on exposed places -jointed in red mortar, all to be hard, well burned brick. Build in -register flue in kitchen breast where directed and 6″ C. I. thimble -where shown. Build in breast of chimney on second floor 5″ C. I. -thimble, 2′ 6″ from floor.</p> - -<p><i>Trimmer Arches.</i>—Turn trimmer arches over all fireplace openings.</p> - - -<h4>PLASTERER.</h4> - -<p><i>Laths.</i>—Laths to be best seasoned pine, free from all imperfections, -laid ⅜″ apart and breaking joint.</p> - -<p><i>Plaster.</i>—Plaster will be two coat work, the second to be white sand -finish, well floated. The first coat to be best Rockland lime and clean -sharp sand, well mixed with long cattle or goat hair, to be thoroughly -worked and stacked, all to be well troweled and made perfectly true. -Patch up and repair all plastering at completion of building.</p> - - -<h4>PLUMBER.</h4> - -<p><i>Lead Pipes.</i>—The lead pipes through to be AA lead pipe. The waste -pipes to be heavy; all joints between lead pipes to be heavily wiped, -and joints between lead and iron pipes to be made with brass ferrules -wiped into lead pipe and calked into iron pipe with molten lead and -oakum.</p> - -<p><i>Iron Pipes.</i>—Iron pipes to be heavy C. I. soil pipe, free from all -imperfections, and of uniform thickness; thoroughly coated inside and -out with coal tar. All joints to be calked tight with molten lead and -oakum.</p> - -<p><i>Drain Pipe.</i>—From point marked on plans run a four inch C. I. pipe -to roof, making all proper branches for water closets, baths, basins, -tubs, sinks, and at roof to be capped with Smith’s patent ventilating -cap. At foot of this place a 4″ running trap, with hole for cleaning -out, and an inlet to run out under servants’ water closet. All branches -to be Y branches, 4″ for water closet, and 2″ for basins, sink, etc. -Plumber to make connections with street pipe.</p> - -<p><i>Lead Supply Pipe.</i>—Run from point marked on plans a ¾″ lead pipe. -Place at the beginning of this a rough round way lever handle, stop and -waste cock. Connect with main supply. From the ¾ lead pipe make all -proper connections for water closets, tubs, baths, and sink with ⅝″ -pipe, all to be graded so as to empty at stock cock. In kitchen, over -sink, put two cocks (lever handle), so as to control supply of hot and -cold water to second floor, the same to empty in the sink.</p> - -<p><i>Boiler.</i>—Furnish and set where shown in kitchen a heavy 30 gallon -galvanized iron boiler with stand complete. The boiler to be supplied -with water through a branch of ⅝″ lead pipe, and connect with water -tank of range with a ⅝″ extra strong lead pipe, the other part of -boiler to be fitted up with ⅝″ strong lead pipe with ⅝″ sediment -cock, and the required length of light lead pipe to empty into sink -trap (boiler to have a safety attachment). Furnish and put on to supply -to boiler in the most convenient place a ⅝″ finished lever handled -stop cock to control supply to boiler. From head of boiler run lines of -⅝″ lead pipe to supply sink and tubs in kitchen, basin, and bath tub -on second floor.</p> - -<p><i>Sink.</i>—Furnish and set up (and of size shown) a plain C. I. sink -with slate back. To be set on C. I. legs, to be supplied with hot and -cold water through ⅝″ lead pipe, drawn through ⅝″ compression bibb -cocks, one hose, the other plain, wasted through heavy lead S trap -calked into iron pipe as specified.</p> - -<p><i>Tubs.</i>—Furnish and set up tubs of size shown, supplied and wasted the -same as sink, but to have brass plugs and safety chains. Tubs of wood -well dovetailed.</p> - -<p><i>Wash Basin.</i>—Furnish and fit up (of size shown) in bath room a 1¼″ -thick Italian marble slab, counter‐sunk and moulded on edges, backs 10″ -high, the slab to be fitted with a 12″ marble pattern basin (overflow) -well fitted to slab, with brass clamps, etc. The basin to be supplied -with hot and cold water through silver plated compression basin bibb -cocks (⅝), wasted through 2″ lead pipe and S trap, silver plated -basin plug and safety chain.</p> - -<p><i>Bath.</i>—Furnish and fit up bath of size shown, 14 ounce copper tinned -and planished, tub to be supplied with hot and cold water through ⅝″ -lead pipe, and drawn through ⅝″ bath silver plated compression cocks. -Wasted through 2″ lead S trap. Silver plated plug and safety chain.</p> - -<p><i>Note.</i>—All lead S traps to have brass trap screws for cleaning.</p> - -<p><i>Water Closet.</i>—Water closet in bath to be a Demarest or Manhattan -patent long oval flushing rim earthenware hopper, automatic seat, all -complete, with waste preventing cistern, to be copper lined; supply -through ⅝″ lead pipe connected to main supply; to have heavy last -lead trap, properly connected with soil pipe. Connect from cistern to -hopper with 1¼″ light lead pipe so as to get good flush. The water -closet for servants to be enameled iron hopper with cistern, etc., as -above.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>It is said that the ova of tapeworms are frequently deposited in the -wrinkles of a lettuce leaf and near the mid rib of a cabbage leaf, and -so it behooves those wishing uncooked leaves of any kind to have them -carefully washed.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">122</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="A_FRENCH_COTTAGE">A FRENCH COTTAGE.</h3> - -<p>We publish herewith the plans for a house designed by M. A. Fatalot -and erected by M. Valette, architect. It is built on the side of the -terrace (Rue Babie), on the green hills which overlook the Seine.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus006.jpg" width="327" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A FRENCH COTTAGE—HOTEL DE PEINTRE, A MEUDON.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus006_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (230 kB)</p></div> - -<p>The construction is very simple. The architect was, in fact, asked -to use the strictest economy. The first floor, built over a cellar, -consists simply of a vestibule, A, which opens into a dining room, C, -a bed room, D, a kitchen, B, the water closets, E, and the stairway. -The latter is constructed of wood and leads to the second story, which -serves as both studio and drawing room. This room is lighted by the -large window shown in our perspective view. The walls of the building -are of stone—stone from Meudon, nicely colored—and Bourgogne bricks -of different shades form the design of the frieze. The basement is of -dressed stone; the pediments of the gables and the cornice are covered -with a plaster of sand and mortar colored in imitation of stone. The -tops of the pediments are decorated with Parvillee faience. The perron -is of Bagneux stone and the mullions and supports of Euville stone.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="cost2"> -<tr> -<th colspan="2">The following is a detailed list of the expenses:</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Masonry</td><td class="tdr">$1,480</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Carpenter work</td><td class="tdr">265</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plumbing, etc.</td><td class="tdr">166</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Joiner’s work</td><td class="tdr">462</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Locksmith’s work</td><td class="tdr">315</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Heater, etc.</td><td class="tdr">74</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Painting and glazing</td><td class="tdr">92</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td class="tdr bord_top_yes">$2,854</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Salaries</td><td class="tdr">200</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td class="tdr bord_top_yes">$3,054</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<h3 id="Our_Forestry_Problem"><span class="small">Our Forestry Problem.</span></h3> - -<p>According to latest estimates, we consume yearly, with our present -population of sixty millions, not less than twenty billion cubic feet -of wood. The amount is made up, in round figures, in the following -manner:</p> - -<p>2,500,000,000 feet for lumber market and wood manufactures;</p> - -<p>360,000,000 feet for railroad construction;</p> - -<p>250,000,000 feet for charcoal;</p> - -<p>500,000,000 feet for fence material, etc.;</p> - -<p>17,500,000,000 feet for fuel.</p> - -<p>To this it will be safe to add, for wasteful practices and for the -destruction by yearly conflagrations, at the least, twenty‐five per -cent.</p> - -<p>The average yearly growth of wood per acre in the well stocked and well -cared for forests of Germany has been computed at fifty cubic feet. -Applying this figure to our present requirements, we should have an -area of not less than five hundred million acres in well stocked forest -to give us a continual supply of all kinds for our present needs. Now, -a careful canvass made four years ago developed the result that the -existing forest area in the United States, excluding Alaska and Indian -Territory, comprised almost five hundred million acres (489,280,000); -but it is well known to everybody who is acquainted with our forests -that they cannot compare in yield with the average European Continental -forests under systematic management. Much of what is reported as forest -is useless brush land or open woods, and depreciated in its capacity -for wood production by annual fires, by which the physical structure of -the leaf mould is destroyed, and thus, too, its capacity for storing -the needful moisture, reducing wood production, and killing all young -growth.</p> - -<p>Without care, without management, and left to the kind but uneconomical -work of nature, interfered with, in addition, by rude and ignorant -action of man, it is doubtful whether, on the existing area, one -half the amount of wood is produced yearly which we now require. We -have, therefore; beyond doubt, reached—if not passed—the time when -increased drain means squandering of capital, and when regard to -husbanding, to careful management, to recuperation of our forests, -and planting of new forests is required for the purpose of merely -furnishing raw material; and it should not be forgotten that to -reproduce the quick growing white pine of an acceptable quality and -sufficient size requires not less than eighty to one hundred years, -and for the long leaved pine two hundred years; that, altogether, wood -crops are slow crops; that nothing of size can be grown under a quarter -of a century at the best.</p> - -<p>That this is a business requiring intelligent national consideration -is apparent. Not less so if we appreciate the magnitude of the values -resulting from it. The total value of forest products in the census -year was placed at $700,000,000, or ten times the value of the gold -and silver production, five times the value of all coal and mineral -production, and exceeding every one of the agricultural crops, corn and -wheat not excepted; and representing in value about thirty per cent. of -the total agricultural production.</p> - -<p>Of injuries wrought locally by the reckless clearing of hill sides and -of deterioration of the soil due to inconsiderate action of man, I -could entertain you by the hour. The country is full of examples. Any -one who wishes to study the effect of such denuding of hill sides upon -the soil, the water flow, and agricultural conditions, need not go to -France, Spain, Italy, Greece, or Palestine. The Adirondack Mountains -are within easier reach, where the thin cover of earth exposed to -the washing rains is carried into the rivers, leaving behind a bare, -forbidding rock and desolation, while at Albany the Hudson River is -being made unnavigable by the <i>debris</i> and soil carried down the river. -The government has spent more than ten million dollars, I believe, and -spends every year a goodly sum, to open out a passage over the sand bar -thus formed.</p> - -<p>Go to the eastern Rocky Mountains, or to Southern California, and you -can gain an insight into the significance of regulated water supply for -the agriculture below, and also learn how imprudently we have acted -and are acting upon the knowledge of this significance by allowing the -destruction of mountain forests in the most reckless and unprofitable -manner. Along the shores of Lake Michigan, and along the sea coast, we -are creating shifting sands by the removal of the forest cover, to make -work for the ingenuity of our children in devising methods for fixing -these sands again. The vegetable mould with which the kind forest had -covered the alluvial sands of the southern coast plain we are taking -pains to burn off in order to replace it with expensive artificial -fertilizers.</p> - -<p>That the great flood of the Ohio, which cost the country more than -twenty million dollars, was entirely due to deforestation, I will -not assert; but it must have been considerably aggravated by the -accumulation of minor local floods, due to the well known reckless -clearing of the hill sides, which sent their waters down into the river -in torrents. At the season when the winter snows are melting, watch the -newspapers, and you will find an almost daily mention of the disastrous -ravages of brooks and streams, many of which injuries could have been -prevented by avoiding the creation of their distant and indirect cause. -Thus we may multiply examples all over the country, showing harmful -local influences upon agricultural conditions due to forest devastation.</p> - -<p>That the vast stretches of land in the Northwest, from which the white -pine has been cut and burned off, present the aspect of a desolation -which sickens the heart, you may hear from every one who has seen these -deserts unnecessarily wrought by man. Every traveler in this country, -be it to the White Mountains, to the Adirondacks, along the Alleghany -Mountains, be it through the Rockies or the redwoods of California, -cannot but be startled by the desolate, sad aspect of many of these -once beautifully clad mountain crests.</p> - -<p>And we are a nation hardly a hundred years old, with over thirty acres -per capita to spread ourselves upon. What will become of us when we -must live upon five acres per head? We are far enough advanced in our -recklessness of disregarding the indirect significance of forest areas -to have learned a lesson at home, and to feel the necessity of being -more careful in the utilization of the forest, so as not to lose its -protection for our agricultural and general interests.</p> - -<p>The means for its solution I may only briefly indicate. They are -education, example, encouragement, legislation. Some of these are -of slow effect. Others can be made to give results at once. Let the -United States government, which still holds some seventy million acres -of the people’s land in forests, mostly on the Western mountains, -where its preservation is most urgently needed—let the government -set aside these otherwise valueless lands, and manage them as a -national forest domain, and then the first effective step, a feasible -and not a forcible one, is made. Let the military reservations on -the Western treeless plains, which are still in the hands of the -general government, be planted to forests and managed as such. This -would be no doubtful experiment, would interfere with nobody, would -enhance the value of the surrounding country—and education, example, -and encouragement are provided, as far as it is in the legitimate -province of the general government. And such example, instead of -costing anything to the country, can be made self‐sustaining—nay, -productive—and would add appreciably to the people’s wealth.—<i>B. E. -Fernow</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Mortar containing sugar has been employed in building the new Natural -History Museum in Berlin, and has proved far superior to common mortar. -It sets almost with the firmness of a good cement, while mortar made -with molasses became soft and brittle after a time. In Madras a mortar -is used with which either sugar, butter or buttermilk, shellac and eggs -are mixed. It holds well and takes a marble‐like polish.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">123</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="A_RESIDENCE_FOR_8000">A RESIDENCE FOR $8,000.</h3> - -<p>The perspective and plans herewith presented are from the designs -of Mr. S. W. Whittemore, architect, East Orange, N J. The general -dimensions are: Front, 36 feet, exclusive of bay windows; side, 51 -feet, exclusive of piazza and laundry. Height of stories: Cellar, 7 -feet; first story, 10 feet; second story, 9 feet 6 in.; attic, 8 feet.</p> - -<p><i>Materials.</i>—Foundation, stone; first and second stories, clapboards; -roof, shingles.</p> - -<p><i>Cost.</i>—$8,000.</p> - -<p>Fireplaces are provided in the dining room, library, parlor, and hall. -The attic is finished throughout. Cellar under the whole house except -laundry.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus007a.jpg" width="600" height="339" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A RESIDENCE FOR $8,000.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus007a_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (281 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus007b.jpg" width="315" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">First Story Plan.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus007b_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (169 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus007c.jpg" width="304" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Second Story Plan.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus007c_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (185 kB)</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Bamboo_Tree"><span class="small">Bamboo Tree.</span></h3> - -<p>Writing from China, a correspondent says that the Chinese have -developed the culture of the bamboo tree very wonderfully. They can -produce a perfectly black as well as a yellow bamboo. The Emperor of -China has one officer whose duty is to look after his bamboo gardens. -This valuable tree is found in all tropical and sub‐tropical regions, -both in the eastern and western hemispheres. An attempt has been made -in England, and with some success, to raise a dwarf species found at -an altitude of 12,000 feet in the Himalaya mountains. The new world -furnishes bamboo of the greatest diameter. The stems are usually very -slender, but in the northwestern part of South America is found one -species with a diameter of 16 inches. The Chinese put this plant to a -greater variety of uses than any other people. Some kinds of it when -it first shoots up from the ground are used as a vegetable as we use -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">124</a></span>asparagus, or it can be pickled in vinegar or made into delicious -sweetmeats. The plant has to be 30 years old to blossom, and then it -bears a great profusion of seeds and dyes. These seeds may be used like -rice, and a kind of beer may be made from them. In 1812 severe famine -in portions of China was prevented by the sudden blossoming of a great -number of bamboo trees. The stems of all the varieties are remarkably -silicious. One kind found in Java is so hard that it strikes fire -when the hatchet is applied to it. This has only a very slender stem, -which is polished and used as stems for tobacco pipes. This Protean -tree furnishes material for houses, boats, cordage, sails of boats, -telescopes, aqueduct pipes, water‐proof thatching, clothing, water -wheels, fences, chairs, tables, book cases, boxes, hats, umbrellas, -shields, spears, and paper. The pith is used for lamp wicks, so there -is no part of it that cannot be used for something. From some of it -exquisite carvings inlaid with gold and silver are cut, that exceed -in beauty the ivory carvings for which the Chinese are so famed. -Recently it has been put to another use. Mr. Edison has found that -the carbonized fibers of the bamboo furnish the best material for the -incandescent electric lamp, and has made use of it in his system of -lighting. In Burmah and Siam whole cities are built from bamboo. These -houses are made in pieces, lashed together, and raised on posts several -feet high.—<i>The Lumber World</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="FIREPROOF_STRUCTURES"><span class="small">FIREPROOF STRUCTURES.</span></h3> - -<p>An article recently published by us apropos of the Opera Comique -catastrophe has brought us several interesting communications, and, -among them, one from Mr. Hennebique, one of the designers of the 948 -foot Belgian tower. Mr. Hennebique has established the fact that -structures in which iron is used in the flooring do not arrest the -ravages of fire, but fall even more quickly than those in which wood is -employed.</p> - -<p>In fact, the beams that support the ceiling joists, flooring, -and laths, naturally combustible materials, are raised to a high -temperature, and, becoming red hot, bend under their own weight, and at -the same time shove the walls outwardly.</p> - -<p>The flooring of Mr. Hennebique’s invention, which is composed of a -cement made of coal ashes, plaster rubbish, and hydraulic lime, is -refractory enough to resist the heat developed by combustion.</p> - -<p>As may be seen from the figure, this flooring consists of tubular -girders resting upon very simple metallic anchorages. These girders -are of the composition above described, and thus constitute a sort -of monolith upon which any sort of a floor can be laid—terra cotta, -marble, wood, etc.</p> - -<p>Aside from its being nearly completely incombustible, this sort of -flooring presents a great advantage, from an economical standpoint, in -consequence of the rational utilization of the materials employed. It -is unnecessary to say that the metal is perfectly protected against -oxidation.</p> - -<p>Another advantage of this flooring is that it almost entirely prevents -the propagation of sound.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus008.jpg" width="600" height="212" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">HENNEBIQUE’S FIREPROOF FLOORING.</p></div> - -<p>As may be readily seen, this mode of construction is applicable to -different uses and to every possible sort of decoration, such as -cornices, compartment ceilings, girders of various styles, as well as -pillars, pilasters, columns, and supports of every shape and every -resistance.—<i>Chronique Industrielle</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Construction_of_Chimney_Flues"><span class="small">Construction of Chimney Flues.</span></h3> - -<p>In a letter to the <i>Insurance World</i> Mr. Thomas Boyd, architect, of -Pittsburg, Pa., gives the following practical information:</p> - -<p>I have had considerable experience in examining buildings burned by -fire, having been associated with my father for eleven years, and -during that time have examined hundreds of buildings destroyed by fire. -I have traced more fires to the cause of defective flues than to any -other source, and I could refer you to buildings, not only in this -city but in others, where fires have occurred from this cause, and the -insurance men and the public in general stated that the fire occurred -from “unknown causes,” as it was first seen many feet away from the -flues.</p> - -<p>In seventy‐five cases in one hundred where fires occur from “unknown -causes,” it can be traced to defective brickwork. Ordinarily, an -architect specifies that the brickwork shall be well slushed, and that -the flues shall be well pargeted or plastered on the inside. This is -a great error, as no flues should be plastered on the inside, and no -walls having flues in them should be slushed, as the term is generally -understood.</p> - -<p>The flues should in all cases be built smooth on the inside, and all -the joints should be filled full of mortar, the vertical joints as -well as the bed joints. The lining of the flue or the four inches -surrounding the flue should always be kept in advance of the brickwork, -and the brick adjoining the lining and the second and third brick, and -so on, should be shoved in soft mortar up against each other. This will -fill all the vertical joints from bottom to top as laid. The slushing -that is ordinarily put in from the top only goes down into the joint -about ½ inch, thus leaving an opening the entire length of the wall, -and in some cases an opening which a mouse could crawl through. As it -is only a question of time when all the plastering that can be put on -the inside of a flue will fall off, it will leave these vertical joints -between the bricks open into the flue, and as the joists cross through -these joints in the brickwork, fire is liable to take place ten or -twenty feet away from the flue. I have taken down many old buildings in -which these joints were filled with carbon or soot.</p> - -<p>If the flues are built as above described, any competent builder -or architect can find out whether the mechanics doing the work are -slighting it or not; but if the inside of the flue is plastered or -lined with terra cotta or any other material, you cannot tell whether -the wall is properly built or not until this plastering falls off, -which it will in the course of a few years. Thus all buildings erected -with plastered flues are liable to burn at any time.</p> - -<p>I have made a practice for a number of years of building flues without -lining them, and then when the house is built, or as each story is -erected, I put a dense smoke in the flue and close the opening at the -top. If there is a hole the size of an ordinary pin head, the smoke -will find it and penetrate into the interior of the wall adjoining the -flue.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> -<h3 id="Roadside_Plantations_of_Trees_in_Belgium"><span class="small">Roadside Plantations of Trees in Belgium.</span></h3> - -<p>The roadside planting of trees is carried out on a most extensive -scale in Belgium, forming a marked feature in the landscape of that -country. According to the report of M. J. Houba, State Head Bailiff -or Ranger of Woods and Rivers in Belgium, recently published in the -<i>Revue Horticole</i>, the total length of the highroads of Belgium in 1881 -amounted to 4,227 miles, classified, as regards tree planting, in the -following manner:</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="belgian trees"> -<tr> -<th> </th><th class="tdr">Miles.</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Roads already planted</td><td class="tdr">2,417</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> „ still to be planted</td><td class="tdr">264</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> „ which cannot be planted </td><td class="tdr">1,546</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td class="tdr bord_top_yes">4,227</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p>From this it will appear that, at the date mentioned, more than half -the entire length of the Belgian highroads had been planted, and that -the proportion would soon reach two‐thirds.</p> - -<p>The number of trees used in forming these plantations amounted -to 871,685, representing in 1881 a money value of £415,986, the -average cost of each tree when planted having been about 2s. 6d. The -plantations had therefore at this date increased in value to nearly -four times the amount of the capital originally expended upon them.</p> - -<p>The trees principally employed in these roadside plantations (already -made) are: Elms, 371,621; oaks, 130,828; poplars, 80,853; ash, -73,893; beech, 32,970; maples, 27,755; service trees, 24,630; Norway -spruce, 43,767; larch, 41,699. It will be seen from this list that -coniferous trees are largely used in Belgium for roadside planting. On -the other hand, the report only gives 897 plane trees, 976 acacias, -and 672 cherry trees, apple trees, and pear trees, showing that -while the Belgian authorities fully recognize the great utility of -these roadside plantations in other respects, they especially aim -at the production of timber of good quality in a commercial point of -view.—<i>The Garden</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="An_Egyptian_Temple"><span class="small">An Egyptian Temple.</span></h3> - -<p>An Egyptian temple appears to have been one of the most imposing -assemblages of buildings that can be well conceived. Avenues lined -with hundreds of sphinxes on each side led the worshiper to the -sacred precinct for the distance of thousands of feet, and thus the -mind, even when remote from the vicinity of the temple, received an -impression calculated to excite veneration. This avenue was terminated -by a stupendous mass of pyramidal form, above 200 feet wide and about -80 feet high, whose enormous proportion was naught diminished by the -vastness of the plain in which it stands, nor by contrast with the -mountains that overhung it. In the center of this propyleum is a door, -flanked in advance by an obelisk on each side, about 90 feet high, -and beside which are figures of colossal dimensions, 45 feet high, -sitting as guardians of the sacred portal. The effect of the whole -is gigantic, and calculated to impress the coming worshiper with the -fullest notions of his insignificance in the scale of material nature. -The triumphal gateway being passed, a magnificent court meets the eyes -of the beholder, having on each side a colonnade. And this court led -to a densely columned hall or vestibule, under the shades of which -the crowds of Egypt’s sons and daughters reposed to recover from the -exhaustion and fatigue caused by their journey under a burning sun to -the fane of their creature god. And here the mind also dwelt awhile on -the first impressions produced by the contemplation of the overpowering -majesty of the gorgeous mass. For the huge propylea, which inclosed -either end of the court, and the hall, with its forest of clustered -columns, which the eye could not number, and the playful variety -and copiousness of channeled hieroglyphics which left not a space -uncovered, and the brilliancy of the pigment which gave an endless -variety to the shafts and capitals of the columns, to the beams, the -walls and ceilings, bewildered the attention, and left not a moment of -repose to the wondering stranger. A lofty central avenue of columns, -above 60 feet high, forming, as it were, a triumphal way, leads under -a third portal, of dimensions by no means inferior to the others -just mentioned, and marked with what care and with what sanctity the -priests guarded every approach to the inner parts of the temple. But -this gateway passed, and a scene the most sublime burst upon the view. -An ample peristyle much larger than the one already passed, presented -itself to the eye, probably planted with trees, crowded with metaphoric -statues.</p> - -<p>On either hand a double avenue of columns, less for convenience than -dignity of effect. In the center uprose the portico of the mass of -building, that formed the temple itself—the columns in dimension -more lofty, in decoration more rich, in proportion more graceful than -those of the courts. The dynasties that had ruled over the country -up to the period of the erection of this temple have their histories -graven on the walls and on the columns. The same pyramidal form gives -an appearance of endless durability to the mass, which is surmounted -by an immense hollowed cavetto having the center occupied by the -sculptured form of the agatho demon, or winged globe and serpents, -with outstretched wings extending over the center intercolumniation of -the facade, and seemingly a being of another world. Admitted beneath -this porch, the minds of the worshipers are prepared for the gloomy -inner penetralia, where every object was mysterious and emblematic. -Numerous doorways closed by curtains succeeded each other, and led from -vestibule to vestibule, which hindered the eye from penetrating with -sacrilegious gaze into the inmost sanctuary, all access to it being -forbidden to the multitude.</p> - -<p>To these vestibules the light of day was denied, and the mind was -subdued by the gloom of the spot, for the attention was absorbed by -the contemplation of the sacred mysteries of the place and by the -effects produced on the attention by the huge incongruous figures of -granite—monstrous reflections of the gloomy minds of the religious -inhabitants of the sacred precinct, who sought to deify matter and the -animal instincts.—<i>T. L. Donaldson.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">125</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="The_White_Ash"><span class="small">The White Ash.</span></h3> - -<p>“About twenty years ago, Prof. J. L. Budd, of Ames, Iowa, advised -keeping the seeds of the ash through the winter in kegs or boxes, mixed -with clean moist sand, taking care that they become neither too wet -nor too dry. Freezing will do no harm. The ground should be marked and -prepared as for corn, and planting at the intersections, placing four -to six seeds in the hill. They should be carefully cultivated, and the -next spring thinned to one plant in each hill, the vacancies being -supplied. By planting thus thickly, the young trees get a straight -growth. At the end of six years every alternate row north and south -should be thinned out, and at the end of ten years every alternate tree -in each row. When twelve years old, on good soil and proper culture -the first four years the grove would have 12,000 trees on ten acres, -averaging eight inches in diameter. By cutting the stumps close to the -ground, and covering with a light furrow on each side, a second growth -is obtained in eight or ten years, more valuable than the first.”</p> - -<p>Prof. C. S. Sargent, in speaking of this timber, says: “To develop -its best qualities, the white ash should be planted in a cool, deep, -moist, but well drained soil, where it will make a rapid growth. That -the plantation may be profitable as early as possible, the young trees -should be inserted in rows three feet apart, the plants being two feet -apart in the rows. This would give 7,260 plants to the acre, which -should be gradually thinned until 108 trees are left standing, twenty -feet apart each way. The first thinning, which might be made at the end -of ten years, would give 4,000 hoop poles, which at present price would -be worth $400.</p> - -<p>“The remaining thinnings, made at different periods up to 25 or 30 -years, would produce some three thousand trees more, worth at least -three times as much as the first thinnings. Such cutting would pay all -the expenses of planting, the care of plantation, and the interest -on the capital invested, and would leave the land covered with trees -capable of being turned into money at a moment’s notice, or whose value -would increase for a hundred years, making no mean inheritance for the -descendants of a Massachusetts farmer. The planting of the white ash -as a shade and roadside tree is especially recommended, and for that -purpose it ranks, among our native trees, next to the sugar maple.”</p> - -<p>Prof. B. G. Northrop says in reference to this tree: “One of the -most valuable of our native trees is the white ash, and, all things -considered, it is one of the most profitable for planting. Combining -lightness, strength, toughness, elasticity, and beauty of grain in -a rare degree, it is in great and growing demand for farming tools, -furniture, interior finishing of houses and railroad cars, the -construction of carriages, for oars and pulley blocks, and many other -purposes. The excellence of our ash is one secret of the preference -given abroad to American agricultural implements. It is hardy, will -bear the bleakest exposure, is a rapid grower and attains large size, -but will not thrive on poor lands. It is every way superior to the -European ash, much as that has been cultivated and lauded abroad. It -is now found widely in the nurseries and young plantations attached -to the forest schools of Europe. Director General Adolfo di Beranger, -president of the Royal Instituto Forestale, at Vallombrosa, pointed me -to his plantations of <i>Fraxinus Americana</i> with a tone which implied -that is the tree of which Americans may well be proud.</p> - -<p>“The ash is a fine ornamental tree for private grounds, public parks, -or for the wayside. When planted closely for timber they grow straight -and free from low laterals, and early reach a size that makes the -thinnings valuable for poles and fencing.</p> - -<p>“The seeds of the white ash are abundant, ripening by the first of -October. They may be easily gathered after the first frost. If sown in -the fall, they should be covered with three inches of straw. If to be -sown in the spring, the seed may be mixed with damp sand.”</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Sawdust"><span class="small">Sawdust.</span></h3> - -<p>Sawdust has been a source of worry and expense to mill men in various -ways, though it is to be admitted that in utilizing it to some extent -as fuel they have in part solved the problem of its economical -disposition. Lately, there has sprung up a certain demand for it, and -the problem of its cheap shipment is now one that presents itself. -A Yankee inventor has tried baling it, and appears to have devised -a scheme that accomplishes the purpose successfully. He makes the -sawdust into bales, and has progressed so far as to be able to -compress thirty‐two cubic feet, or a quarter of a cord, into a package -three feet long by two feet on each of its sides. As this occupies -only twelve cubic feet, the reduction is sixty‐two and one‐half per -cent. of its original bulk. The machine used is nothing more than an -ordinary hydraulic press, which is arranged in a manner similar to a -hay or cotton press. The sawdust is pressed into bales and at the same -time inclosed in a burlap covering, making a neat and easily handled -package for shipment. Small pieces of wood, shavings, etc., may be -baled with the sawdust or separately with equal facility. It appears -a simple method of putting this bulky stuff in convenient shape for -shipment, and it would seem might be employed to advantage wherever a -market can be found for this species of mill refuse.—<i>The Timberman.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus009a.jpg" width="446" height="500" alt="ORNAMENTAL KEYSTONES." /> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus009b.jpg" width="425" height="500" alt="ORNAMENTAL KEYSTONES." /> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus009c.jpg" width="426" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">ORNAMENTAL KEYSTONES.</p></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">126</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="DWELLINGS_AT_GLENRIDGE">DWELLINGS AT GLENRIDGE.</h3> - -<p>We illustrate a few of the tasteful residences which have been erected -at Glenridge, N. J., a charming suburb of New York City, situate on -the line of the Delaware and Lackawanna Railway. Glenridge is 14 miles -from New York, and the time required for the trip, including the ferry -across the Hudson River at New York, is about 40 minutes. The dwellings -we have chosen for illustration have been recently erected. They vary -in cost from $4,000 to $6,500 or more. We can supply on application -such further information as readers may desire.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus010a.jpg" width="600" height="445" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">GLENRIDGE.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus010a_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (227 kB)</p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus010b.jpg" width="593" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">GLENRIDGE.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus010b_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (230 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus011a.jpg" width="600" height="475" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">GLENRIDGE.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus011a_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (223 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus011b.jpg" width="600" height="451" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">GLENRIDGE.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus011b_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (230 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus011c.jpg" width="600" height="482" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">GLENRIDGE.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus011c_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (231 kB)</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Fire_Bricks"><span class="small">Fire Bricks.</span></h3> - -<p>Mr. W. Y. Dent, in a Cantor lecture at the Society of Arts, London, on -building materials, gave an account of some of the chemical problems -involved in the constituency of fire clay and fire bricks.</p> - -<p>The plastic clays consist of silica and alumina chemically combined -with water. They are hydrated silicates of alumina, the plasticity -depending upon the water that enters into their composition. The -water with which the clay is chemically combined can be expelled at -a temperature a little above that of boiling, without detriment to -its plasticity, but the whole of the water contained cannot be driven -off without raising the temperature to dull redness. Silica, alumina, -and lime are separately very infusible substances, and are capable of -resisting exposure to very high temperatures without softening. It is -on account of its extreme infusibility that lime is found to be the -most suitable material for the cylinders upon which the oxyhydrogen -flame is made to impinge to produce a brilliant light, the intensity -of the light being due to the extremely high temperature to which -the lime is raised. Lime, however, from its want of cohesion, could -never be brought into general use for such purposes as fire clay is -employed, and this is also the case as regards silica, which requires -the addition of some substance of a basic character, with which it -will unite, and so cause the particles to bind together. The nearest -approach to the use of silica alone as a fire brick is in the case of -the Welsh brick, made from the Dinas rock in the Vale of Neath.</p> - -<p>This material, before being made into fire bricks, had long been used -for repairing the furnaces at the copper works of South Wales, for -which purpose its peculiar property of expanding when subjected to -the influence of a high temperature, instead of contracting, as in -the case of some other fire clays, renders it particularly suitable, -the cementation of the bricks being facilitated by the increase of -temperature. This Dinas rock occurs in various conditions, from that of -a firm rock to that of disintegrated sand, and a mixture of about 1 per -cent. of lime is, therefore, necessary in order to make it into bricks. -Dinas bricks will stand very high temperatures, but are more friable -than ordinary fire bricks, and will not resist to the same extent the -action of basic substances, such as furnace slags, containing much -oxide of iron. They are, besides, porous and readily absorb moisture, -rendering it necessary for furnaces built of them to be gradually -heated, as they are liable to crack if sufficient time is not allowed -for driving off the moisture. The composition of the clay used for -fire bricks is a question of great importance, inasmuch as its quality -depends greatly upon its chemical constituents, although its power of -resisting fusion, when exposed to intense heat, is effected by its -mechanical condition.</p> - -<p>The same materials, when mixed together in the form of a coarse powder, -will require a higher temperature to fuse them than would be the -case if they were reduced to a fine state of division. The qualities -required in fire bricks are that they should bear exposure to intense -heat for a long time without fusion, that they should be capable of -being subjected to sudden changes of temperature without injury, and -that they should be able to resist the action of melted copper or iron -slag. The Dinas brick, which contains 98 per cent. of silica, will bear -exposure to a higher temperature than most others, but it will run down -sooner when in contact with melted iron slag. Ganister is the name -given to a fine grit which occurs under certain coal beds in Yorkshire, -Derby, and South Wales, and the black ganister from the neighborhood -of Sheffield is especially adapted for lining cupola furnaces, owing -to its capacity to stand high temperatures without shrinking, in -consequence of the large quantity of silica it contains.</p> - -<p>Fire bricks made of silicious clays from granitic deposits in various -parts of Devonshire also contain a large proportion of silica, but -their powers of supporting exposure to high temperatures are materially -increased by the coarseness of the particles of disintegrated granite -of which they are composed. The material employed for the Dinas -bricks, as well as the others mentioned, differs considerably in its -character from what is ordinarily understood by the term fire clay, -as used in the manufacture of the celebrated fire bricks of Blaydon -Burn, Stourbridge, or Glenboig; the quality of which, as regards their -chemical composition, depends upon the relative portions of silica and -alumina, and their freedom from iron oxide and alkaline salts, the -presence of which tends to render the clay more fusible.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Improvements_in_Making_Portland_Cement"><span class="small">Improvements in Making Portland Cement.</span></h3> - -<p>Clay is taken as dug from the pit, without being dried, and mixed with -the usual proportion of lime, a portion of which is used as limestone, -the remainder as freshly burnt lime. The burnt lime is first added in -such proportion that the water in the clay exactly suffices to slake -it, and the heat given out effects the necessary drying. The limestone -is then added and the mixture ground in a mill to the usual degree of -fineness, made into bricks, calcined, and the “clinker” reduced to a -fine state of division as usual.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Typhoid_Fever_Carried_by_Well_Water"><span class="small">Typhoid Fever Carried by Well Water.</span></h3> - -<p>The following account of the transmittal of cases of typhoid fever by -well water is sent us by Dr. Henry B. Baker, secretary of the Michigan -State Board of Health. It is made to him by Dr. H. McColl, of Lapeer, -Mich.</p> - -<p>Dr. McColl reports: About September 1, 1887, Myron Gardner, railroad -employe, came from the South sick with fever to his father’s house. He -was supposed to be malarial. No care was exercised with stools in the -way of disinfection, but they were thrown into privy vault in rear of -house, and in close proximity to well. Wash water was thrown on the -surface of the ground, which was very dry at the time. About September -7 or 8, a copious rain fell and soaked the sandy soil; and on September -14, Wm. Gardner and wife, father and mother of Myron, and E. D. Gardner, -a brother (who was a student in my office), and who boarded at home, -were attacked with fever. On this day I got home from Washington, and -found four of them down with a severe type of typhoid fever; and in two -weeks Myron’s wife and child were attacked; also a child across the -street at Terry’s, who had used water from the Gardner well; about the -same time three cases in the Clifford house, south of Gardner’s, who -also used water from the Gardner well. None of the people from either -of these houses were in the Gardner house. In the Walker house, still -further south, one case has occurred, and I was at a loss to account -for this case till a few days ago, when the young man said that at the -mill where he was working they had used the Gardner water for a few -days, owing to the disarrangement of the pump at the mill. Two others -of the mill hands—Anderson and Lester—who used the same water were -attacked about the same time. Lester is now convalescent. Anderson is -dead, as also the child at Terry’s. When I took charge of the cases, -I ordered the discontinuance of water from the Gardner well and the -disinfection of the stools, and no new cases are now reported. People -who assisted to take care of the Gardner and other families, and who -use water from other sources, have not been attacked. Clearly, Myron -Gardner brought the fever home, the well became infected after the -first rain from slops and privy, and the other cases got their seed -from the water.</p> - -<p>Dr. Baker adds: The foregoing instructive account of the way typhoid -fever was spread, in one instance, is produced in the hope that -it may lead others to trace the spread of this important disease, -and, what is of greater importance, act intelligently for the -prevention and restriction of the disease, as Dr. McColl did in this -instance.—<i>Sanitary News.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="An_Unsafe_Church"><span class="small">An Unsafe Church.</span></h3> - -<p>About a month ago, Inspector of Buildings Griffin discovered that the -wall on the southern side of the Warren Avenue Baptist Church, Boston, -Mass., was bulging. He climbed to the roof, and was astonished to find -that the scissors truss that supported the pitch of the roof was not -bolted together, but was fastened only with railroad spikes.</p> - -<p>The wall was out of plumb fully nine inches. A peremptory order was -issued to vacate the church. Then a more careful examination was made, -with startling results.</p> - -<p>The truss was laid bare, and then it was discovered that the sole -support for the roof of the great building consisted of three iron rods -one and one half inches in diameter.</p> - -<p>The cross rods were of no use, because the wood had shrunk away and -the bolts could be rattled. The upper and lower chords of the truss -were made of eight two‐inch planks, and where the cross rods had been -put through and clinched the auger had cut off one plank and part of -another, weakening the truss by one‐eighth.</p> - -<p>The lower chord of the truss was cut completely through in two places. -It is said that it will cost nearly $200,000 to repair the church, -which is one of the largest in the city.</p> - -<p>It would not be a bad idea for the trustees of other churches to have -the trusses carefully examined.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">127</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="Cedar_Pavements"><span class="small">Cedar Pavements.</span></h3> - -<p>To pave a city with cedar would seem to be a luxury, but it appears -that in the city of Chicago, out of 277.71 -miles of paved streets, there are 213.35 miles of cedar blocks, of -which nearly forty miles was laid last year, and the Chicago <i>Tribune</i> -says it is the cheapest pavement laid in the city. Dead cedar brought -from the vicinity of Green Bay, Wis., was first used, but it was found -that it did not wear well, and live timber is now required. The cedar -is a tree which does not taper rapidly, and one of good size should -furnish a stick 30 ft. long. The logs are brought here by boats in -lengths of about 6 ft., with the bark still on, peeled, and cut into -blocks 5 in. long. The blocks range in diameter from 3 in. to 9 in., -and cost 50 to 60 cents a yard, measurement being made after they are -laid. The process of paving a street with cedar blocks is much the same -as was used with the Nicholson pavement. A sand foundation is first -provided, and on this are laid boards which serve as stringers. On -the stringers planks are placed parallel with the curb, and the cedar -blocks are stood on end on the planks. The interstices between the -blocks are filled with gravel and coal tar.</p> - -<p>For the last three years block pavement has cost in Chicago from $1.00 -to $1.30 a yard. The life of cedar block pavement is three to seven -years, and it is an excellent pavement when first laid. It is believed -by many to be detrimental to health from the fact that it absorbs all -liquids falling upon it, gives them back in the shape of vapor under -the influence of the sun, and is itself constantly decaying. It is -stated as a curious fact that this pavement wears out faster on streets -where traffic is light than where it is heavy. Cedar blocks are used -for paving all through the West, but more freely probably in Chicago -than in any other city in the world. They are cheap, and that is a -great point in their favor.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Hemlock"><span class="small">Hemlock.</span></h3> - -<p>Respecting the merits of hemlock, the <i>Minneapolis Lumberman</i> has -a good word in its last issue. It quotes from a correspondent at -Williamsport, Pa., regarding the experience with the wood there as a -foundation for paving blocks; and in regard to a stretch of Nicholson -pavement there which had been down sixteen years, goes on to say:</p> - -<p>“The blocks had been placed on two thicknesses of one inch hemlock, the -boards coated both sides with coal tar. When the pavement was taken -up, the boards were found to be in good condition—so perfectly sound -that they were put back again for possibly another sixteen years. The -correspondent says that out of a mile of sixty foot street, less than -10,000 feet of the old planking was condemned. There seems to be no -question as to the superlative merit of hemlock for paving purposes.”</p> - -<p>This is valuable testimony, and better evidence of the lasting -qualities of hemlock under paving blocks than any Western experience -has produced, for the reason that it has nowhere in the West been -so long as that in use. It has been recognized, however, as a wood -excellently suited to this purpose, and is employed almost exclusively -wherever the cedar block pavement is freely used, which includes a -good many of the large cities in the United States, and practically -all Western towns in which any paving is done. It is apparent that -lumbermen are beginning to take a strong interest in hemlock, and -evidences of its growth in favor are becoming rather plentiful. It -occasionally gets a setback from some local dealer, who has come off -second best in an encounter with its slivers, but it is bound to come -more and more in use in spite of the strong objection that is made to -it by some users. Its light weight and great strength for many building -purposes are factors that tell.—<i>Timberman.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Collapse_of_Walls_of_Burning_Buildings"><span class="small">Collapse of Walls of Burning Buildings.</span></h3> - -<p>Mr. Alex. Black, writing to the <i>Building News</i>, says: The expansion -of brick by fire heat may be estimated at rather above half that of -wrought iron; and of mortar at about one‐fourth more than that of -wrought iron. The mortar joints in the wall may occupy, say, one‐fifth -to one‐sixth of the height of the wall. There is no accurate data as -to the maximum heat developed at Whiteley’s fire. It, however, depends -on the nature of the contents, etc., consumed and the accumulation of -draught currents. If there is free lime, etc., in brick or mortar, -there is added to the expansion more or less disintegration, which -would become not the least potent cause of collapse.</p> - -<p>We may assume that the interior surface of the brickwork exposed to -the fire expanded, say, 1 in. in 8 ft. or 10 ft., vertically and -horizontally, which would produce a distortion by buckling, or curving -inward, dish‐like, of the inside half thickness of the wall, both -vertically and horizontally, leaving for a time the outside half -thickness (say, for convenience of description) not much disturbed; -in the meanwhile, air gets in between these inside and outside half -thicknesses, or slices, and it may become gradually expanded by heat -and help to force them further apart until the whole wall collapses.</p> - -<p>In setting iron girders, the usual practice appears to be to build the -ends solidly in the wall to act as a tie; but by having cross flanges -at ends the wall may be built close to these on inside toward interior -of building, and space left for expansion on their outside; but this -space is of no use without the ends of the girders are set upon rollers -or rockers, as is done for bridge girders, because the rigidity of wall -would not be sufficient to withstand undisturbed the expansive pushing -out, or horizontal thrust, of loaded girder end if resting upon a rough -bearing plate or block.</p> - -<p>If building timber joists into walls, it is a safe method to bevel off -the upper corner equal to the bearing of the end in the wall, which -allows the projecting portion of joist, if broken accidentally, to drop -down without disturbing the wall, by the leverage which it would exert -if built in the wall in the usual way.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">128</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="A_2500_CALIFORNIA_HOUSE">A $2,500 CALIFORNIA HOUSE.</h3> - -<p>California can justly boast of a larger number of pretty places and -picturesque localities in which to erect residences of moderate cost -than can be found in any other State in the Union. The beautiful town -of Alameda, covering, as it does, a large extent of ground, embracing -several square miles, may be regarded as a paradise for those who wish -a quiet retreat, away from the din and confusion of the city, and yet -be in close connection with the great mart. Nearly every portion of -the town is covered with a natural growth of oak trees. Nor does this -growth stop at this point. For a long distance to the north the ground -is covered by the beautiful trees from which the neighboring city of -Oakland derives its name.</p> - -<p>Extremes meet in architecture as well as other matters. Some æsthetic -persons have sought to copy the humble abode of the laborer in the -external view of a dwelling, while the internal arrangements and -fittings rival those of Aladdin’s palace. Others seek to have the -outside present to the eye a conglomeration of whimsical ideas, while -they have not deigned to cover the floors with a carpet, nor have a -door between any of the rooms or halls, excepting those connecting with -the outer world.</p> - -<p>Much benefit has been derived from these whimsical erections, and it -is only by much study and close application to the fancies of their -clients that architects have been enabled to prepare the beautiful -bijou plans, a good representation of which is given in this issue. In -justice to the architectural profession, we must say that no portion -of their practice has been so usefully bestowed as that which has been -bestowed upon the production of plans for such homes, a full plan of -which accompanies this article.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus012a.jpg" width="592" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A CALIFORNIA HOUSE FOR $2,500.</p></div> - -<p>The elevation, as shown, is a model of neatness and economy. At once -attractive in appearance and substantial in all its surroundings, it -does away with all those horrible idiosyncrasies and bugbears of the -Elizabethan and Queen Anne styles. There are no small windows to cause -the one who cleans them to utter a whole vocabulary of cuss words at -the architect who made so many corners to dig out. There is no part of -California but what needs all the sunshine that was intended to enter a -room, and the large windows shown allow the heat and light to make glad -the hearts of the dwellers therein. Even with the thermometer at 100 -degrees and over in the shade at noontime, still, when evening comes, -the cool winds that invariably bless the sleep of those who are tired -from their daily toil has easy ingress from these same large windows. -And in winter, from the absence of snow in all of our beautiful -valleys, the same windows are a source of joy and comfort for the -occupants to observe the driving rains, or admit the blessed sunshine -as it pierces through the wintry clouds.</p> - -<p>Great care should be exercised in painting the exterior. The colors -selected should be a happy blending of light and dark shades. They -should be graded from rich, heavy grades at the bottom to the lighter -tones at the gable peaks, preserving, through the intermediate section, -a consistent harmony. The roof may be of dark slate color. The -trimmings may be colored with a combination of blue, black, and Indian -red. The body of the house may be varied to suit the above. It must be -distinctly borne in mind that all buildings of the same class cannot be -treated alike. Trees have a wonderful effect on colors used, and the -main study of the painter and owner should be that the salient points -of form and detail be enhanced by the proper selection of the various -colors. By all means, if you are building a home for yourself, take the -good wife into your confidence, and let her judgment be given on the -various colors to be used.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus012b.jpg" width="304" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">PLAN OF $2,500 CALIFORNIA HOUSE.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus012c.jpg" width="309" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SECTION OF DOOR JAMBS AND INSIDE FINISH.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus013a.jpg" width="600" height="304" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A CALIFORNIA HOUSE FOR $2,500.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus013b.jpg" width="343" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">ROOF PLAN.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus013c.jpg" width="322" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SECTION & ELEVATION OF SIDE PORCH AND RAILING.</p></div> - -<p>The arrangement of the rooms, as shown by the plan, is very desirable -for any one with a small family. A feature is made of the entrance -way. From the hall, one can pass either to the parlor or dining room, -the latter being the general sitting room. The parlor is large—13 -× 17 feet in size. It has a fireplace, as shown. A cornice is also -designated. Sliding doors connect this room with the dining room, the -size of the latter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">129</a></span> being 12 × 17¾ feet. A cornice and fireplace are -also shown. In case of company or family gathering, the two rooms will -be practically one. The porch shown in front will be very handy for the -gentlemen who smoke, or, on warm days the ladies can use the same for -sewing purposes, sheltered, as the plans show, by the roof overhead.</p> - -<p>You pass from this room into a hall, from which you can enter all the -rest of the rooms. The main chamber is 12 feet 6 inches by 16 feet 6 -inches, besides a large bay window, having four windows for light and -air. There is also a cornice in this room, and a place for a stove to -connect with parlor chimney. There is a very large closet, and also -wash room, which is well lighted and ventilated. Passing along the -hall, we next come to a large linen closet. This will be found very -serviceable for the storage of the linen in daily use. Then comes a -large chamber, 11 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. No cornice is shown. Should -a fire be needed in this room, a patent flue could be placed therein, -starting from near the ceiling. A large closet is also connected with -this room. At the end of the hall is the bath room, 6 feet 3 inches by -9 feet 6 inches. A wash bowl and water closet are shown. The window, -being directly over the tub, assures perfect ventilation.</p> - -<p>On opposite side of hall from bath room is a room designated as -breakfast room, in size 10 × 11 feet, with two windows. This can be -used as a bed room, should the dining room suffice for the needs of -the occupants of the house. This room is very convenient, as it can be -reached by three different ways. The next room is the kitchen, in size -10 × 13 feet, with plenty of light and ample means of ventilation. The -place for the stove pipe is indicated by the dotted lines leading to -the dining room chimney. Should it be found more desirable to have the -stove in a different position from that indicated, a patent flue can be -put in, starting near the ceiling. A large pass closet, amply fitted -with drawers and shelves, connects with the dining room. There is also -a large pantry fitted up with bins, etc.</p> - -<p>A stairway is shown, near breakfast room, leading to the attic. No plan -is given of the latter, as the space can be divided according to the -individual tastes of the parties building. The rear hall is 3 feet 6 -inches wide.</p> - -<p>The whole plan is very compact, and will bear careful study. The detail -drawings, as shown, will give an adequate idea of the various finishes. -Each one is distinctly marked.</p> - -<p>We append a general set of specifications to aid those who may see fit -to adopt the design. Should any one want a complete set, we can forward -them a printed copy.</p> - -<h4>SPECIFICATIONS.</h4> - -<p><i>Excavations.</i>—All rock, dirt, etc., to be cleared away from site of -the building. Trenches for walls and piers to be extended down to firm -and solid ground. The bank to be dug well away from the walls, and the -same to be left open until the walls are well set and dry.</p> - -<p><i>Drains</i>.—To be of ironstone pipe, with cemented joints. The fall to -be not less than one‐fourth inch to one foot. No drains to be less than -sixteen inches from surface of ground.</p> - -<p><i>Brick Work</i>.—Hard, well burned brick to be used throughout. All brick -walls to be made level and straight to the proper and exact height, and -to a true line from one end to the other, even to the splitting of a -brick where necessary. Piers 12 × 12 inches. Turn trimmer arches for -the support of all hearths at the time chimneys are built. All sills to -be set in mortar after walls are proper height.</p> - -<p><i>Size of Timbers, etc.</i>—Main sills, 6 × 8 inches; plates, 2 × 4; -studs, 2 × 4; underpinning, 4 × 6; joists, 2 × 10; ceiling joists, -2 × 4; rafters, 2 × 4; bridging, 2 × 3 and 2 × 4. Studs and joists -spaced 16 inches from center; rafters, 2 feet 8 inches from center; -underpinning 2 feet 8 inches from center. All timber below main sills -to be of redwood.</p> - -<p>Roof to be sheathed with 1 × 6 Oregon pine, well nailed to every -rafter. Gutters arranged so as to carry off water wherever directed.</p> - -<p><i>Rustic</i>.—All laps and butt joints to be painted before being nailed -in position. Butt joints to have a 3 × 11 inch piece of tin to keep out -water.</p> - -<p><i>Outside Steps</i> to be built upon strong stringers, inch risers of -redwood, and two inch treads of Oregon pine, with nosing and scotia. -The recess to front hall will be floored six inches below main floor, -with three inch Oregon pine, put together with white lead.</p> - -<p><i>Floors</i>.—Oregon pine, tongued and grooved, 4 inches wide, to be used -throughout the house. One tongue nail and one through nail to be driven -in each piece at each nailing.</p> - -<p><i>Grounds</i> to be of ¾ in. Oregon pine at all openings.</p> - -<p><i>No inside finish to be put on until the last coat of plastering is on.</i></p> - -<p>Face casings to be 6 inches wide and 1¼ inches thick, with suitable -plinths.</p> - -<p>Sash beads to be fastened on with raised head screws.</p> - -<p>All interior work to be hand‐smoothed and sand‐papered.</p> - -<p>All carved or planted‐on work to be primed before putting up.</p> - -<p>Bases in all rooms to be 10 inches wide, with 2 inch moulding.</p> - -<p><i>Wainscoting</i>.—Rear hall, kitchen, and breakfast room to be wainscoted -3 feet high, and capped with nosing and scotia. Bath room, 6 feet high -all around.</p> - -<p><i>Pantry and Pass Closet</i> to be fitted up with shelves and hooks -complete, and bins and drawers as shown.</p> - -<p><i>Lathing</i>.—Good sound lath to be used, laid on not less than ⅜ -of an inch apart. Joints broken over 8 laths. No lath to be put on -vertically, to finish out to corners or angles; neither must there -be any lath run through angles and behind studding from one room to -another. All angles to be formed and nailed solid by carpenter before -laths are put on.</p> - -<p><i>Plastering</i>.—All walls, partitions, and ceilings to be plastered one -coat of well haired mortar, made of best lime and clean, sharp sand, -free from loam and salt, using best cattle hair. To be made at least -eight days before using.</p> - -<p><i>Brown</i> coat to be covered with a good coat of best white hard finish. -All plastering to extend to the floor. Center pieces where designated -on plans.</p> - -<p><i>Painting</i>.—All interior wood work to have three coats of best white -lead, in such tints as may be approved by the owner. Kitchen floor to -be oiled two coats.</p> - -<p><i>Gas Pipes</i> to be introduced so as to give the number of lights shown -on plan.</p> - -<p><i>Plumbing</i>.—Water pipes to be of galvanized iron ¾ inch diameter. -No ½ inch pipe to be used. A 40 gallon galvanized iron boiler, with -necessary connections, to be placed in the kitchen. Sink to be of size -shown by drawing, to have 2 inch iron water pipe and a Garland trap; -3½ inch brass strainer; back of sink to be lined with zinc. Slop -hoppers to be placed as shown. Wash basins to be located as per plan, -and to have all necessary hot and cold water connections. Water from -all basins to discharge into an open slop hopper outside. Bath tub to -be lined with No. 12 zinc, to have a 1¼ inch waste, with Garland -trap. All necessary fixtures for bath tub to be placed in proper -position. The water closet to be Budde’s patent. Place safe trays under -all sinks, bath tub, wash basins, water closets, etc., with 2 inch -turned‐up edges, well nailed to wood work. Three‐fourths inch wastes. -All waste or soil pipes to be connected with the sewer, and extend the -same above basins, sinks, bath tub, water closets, etc., out through -the roof.</p> - -<p><i>Generally.</i>—Drawings and specifications are intended to correspond, -and to be illustrative the one of the other. All drawings to be -furnished by the architect. Details to be given from time to time -as the work progresses. Should the necessity arise that any change -or changes be made from the original design, the owner shall have -the right so to do without invalidating the contract, adding to or -deducting from the contract price the agreed sum of any change made.</p> - - -<h4>COST.</h4> - -<p>The above specifications are given as a general index of the work. No -accurate estimate can be given from them of the cost of the house. -Quality and price of hardware, etc., have been omitted, leaving same -to the pocket books of intending builders. As shown, with finishes -indicated by the details given, the house can be erected at a cost of -about $2,500. Of course this figure can be changed considerably. Using -the best of materials, etc., the price should be given at $3,000, -at which sum a truly cozy home can be obtained by those seeking a -permanent dwelling place.—<i>California Architect</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="The_Architectural_Era"><span class="small">The Architectural Era.</span></h3> - -<p>This is the title of a new monthly published at Syracuse, N. Y. It is -finely printed, handsomely illustrated, and full of interesting reading -matter. It forms a valuable addition to the architectural literature of -the day. The elegant style in which it is produced does honor to its -enterprising publishers, Messrs. D. Mason & Co. Three dollars a year, -twenty‐five cents per number.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Blue_Marking_Ink_for_Boxes_Bales_etc"><span class="small">Blue Marking Ink for Boxes, Bales, etc.</span></h3> - -<p>Mix a sufficient quantity of ultramarine with barytes (sulphate of -barium, blanc fix) and water to produce the desired tint. It may be -rendered more permanent by adding some liquid glue (solution of glue -in acetic acid) or some starch paste, prepared with the addition of a -little wax.—<i>Chem. and Drug.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">130</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="CHATEAU_AT_CASTELNAUDARY">CHATEAU AT CASTELNAUDARY.</h3> - -<p>The internal decoration of the structure represented in the -accompanying engravings is due to Mr. Arnaud, an architect at -Carcassonne. The front already existed in part, and merely the -finishing of it is due to him. As for the parlor and dining room, of -which we give an illustration, these two rooms, like the rest, were -studied with very artistic care by Mr. Arnaud, and the execution of the -work was closely watched.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus014.jpg" width="600" height="357" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">CHATEAU OF CASTELNAUDARY—FRONT VIEW—M. AUBRY, -ARCHITECT.</p></div> - -<p>The chimney that decorates the dining room is of Echaillon stone, and -was made at the works of Mr. G. Biron. It is 14 feet in height, and -cost, all carved, $1,400. The flooring of the rooms is of oak, of two -colors, and was put down by the house of Idrac, of Toulouse, which -makes a specialty of old oak inlaid floors. The color of the old oak, -introduced into the very substance of the wood, lasts an indefinite -length of time. The wainscoting of the dining room and that of the -parlor is of walnut, and forms a frame, in the case of the dining -room, for old tapestry. In the parlor the panels are covered with -large‐figured cretonne.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus015.jpg" width="355" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">INTERIOR OF CASTELNAUDARY CHATEAU.</p></div> - -<p>The ceilings are of plaster, with mouldings. To that of the dining -room are affixed, by invisible hooks, some old Japanese plates. These -produce a very happy effect in the ceiling as a whole, and in nowise -injure it. The ceilings are painted in softening tints, the principal -of which are red, blue and maroon. The dining room cost, as a whole, -$3,600, the old tapestry included. It is 24 × 30 feet, and the parlor -is 28 × 37 feet.—<i>La Construction Moderne</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Nails"><span class="small">Nails.</span></h3> - -<p>A test has recently been made of the relative value of wire and cut -nails, with results quite at variance with generally received opinions. -This test, given below, is published in a circular issued to the nail -trade by the Wheeling nail manufacturers, and was made by a committee -appointed by the Wheeling manufacturers, who give the following result:</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" summary="nails"> -<tr> -<th class="bord_top_yes bord_right_yes"> </th> -<th class="tdc bord_top_yes bord_right_yes" colspan="2">Number of nails in pound.</th> -<th class="tdc bord_top_yes" colspan="2">Pounds required to pull nails out.</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="bord_right_yes"> </td> -<td class="bord_top_yes tdc bord_right_yes">Cut.</td> -<td class="bord_top_yes tdc bord_right_yes">Wire.</td> -<td class="bord_top_yes tdc bord_right_yes">Cut.</td> -<td class="bord_top_yes tdc">Wire.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr bord_right_yes">20d </td> -<td class="tdc bord_top_yes bord_right_yes"> 23</td> -<td class="tdc bord_top_yes bord_right_yes"> 35</td> -<td class="tdc bord_top_yes bord_right_yes">1,593</td> -<td class="tdc bord_top_yes">703</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr bord_right_yes">10d </td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes"> 60</td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes"> 86</td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes"> 908</td> -<td class="tdc">315</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr bord_right_yes">8d </td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes"> 90</td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes">126</td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes"> 597</td> -<td class="tdc">227</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr bord_right_yes">6d </td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes">160</td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes">206</td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes"> 383</td> -<td class="tdc">200</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr bord_right_yes bord_bot_yes">4d </td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes bord_bot_yes">280</td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes bord_bot_yes">316</td> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes bord_bot_yes"> 286</td> -<td class="tdc bord_bot_yes">123</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p>This test showed the relative value of a pound of each kind to be as -follows:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"><p class="noindent"> -1 lb. of 20d. cut nails equals 1·40 lb. of wire nails.<br /> -1 lb. of 10d. cut nails equals 2·01 lb. of wire nails.<br /> -1 lb. of 8d. cut nails equals 1·87 lb. of wire nails.<br /> -1 lb. of 6d. cut nails equals 1·49 lb. of wire nails.<br /> -1 lb. of 4d. cut nails equals 2·06 lb. of wire nails. -</p></div> - -<p>In obtaining the above results, two tests were made of the 8d. cut nail -and four of the 8d. wire nail; three tests each were made of the 6d. -and 4d. cut nails and 6d. and 4d. wire nails, and the average is shown.</p> - -<p>The committee report as a result of their experiments that $1 worth of -cut nails will give the same service as $1.78 in wire nails, if at the -same price per pound.—<i>Building.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Rabbit_Remedy"><span class="small">Rabbit Remedy.</span></h3> - -<p>A correspondent of the <i>Revue Horticole</i> states that he has been -completely successful in saving both his vines and haricot beans from -being totally destroyed by the rabbits which swarm in this district by -using a remedy which he terms the “Bouillie bordelaise.” This consists -of a mixture of sulphate of copper (bluestone or blue vitriol) and -fresh slaked lime, in the proportion of 3¼ lb. of the former to -4½ lb. of quicklime in twenty‐one gallons of water. The bluestone -is first dissolved in a bucket of water, the quicklime is then slaked, -and when cool it is thrown along with the dissolved bluestone into a -barrel or other vessel of sufficient size; water is then added to make -up twenty‐one gallons, and the whole is well stirred up. The mixture is -conveniently applied with a whitewash brush, and in fine, dry weather -only should it be used. The object of the lime in the mixture is to -counteract any ill effects that the sulphate of copper or bluestone -might have on the vegetable tissues, and also to indicate that no part -of the stem or plant which it is intended to protect has been passed -over without receiving its proper share of the application.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Ice_House"><span class="small">How to Build an Ice House.</span></h3> - -<p>Under this head the <i>American Architect</i> advises a correspondent as -follows:</p> - -<p>1. The ice house floor should be above the level of the ground, or, at -least, should be sufficiently above some neighboring area to give an -outfall for a drain, put in in such a way as to keep the floor clear of -standing water.</p> - -<p>2. The walls should be hollow. A four inch lining wall, tied to the -outer wall with hoop iron, and with a three inch air space, would -answer, but it would be better, if the air space is thoroughly drained, -to fill it with mineral wool, or some similar substance, to prevent -the movement of the air entangled in the fibers, and thus check the -transference by convection of heat from the outside to the lining wall.</p> - -<p>3. A roof of thick plank will keep out heat far better than one of thin -boards with an air space under it.</p> - -<p>4. Shingles will be much better for roofing than slate.</p> - -<p>5. It is best to ventilate the upper portion of the building. If no -ventilation is provided, the confined air under the roof becomes -intensely heated in summer, and outlets should be provided at the -highest part, with inlets at convenient points, to keep the temperature -of the air over the ice at least down to that of the exterior -atmosphere.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">In</span> reply to inquiries from various correspondents we would say that -Messrs. Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, proprietors of this periodical, have -an extensive architectural bureau connected with their establishments, -and here, with the assistance of an able corps of architects, -they prepare, in the best and most prompt manner, designs, plans, -specifications, and details for all kinds of buildings, churches, -schools, stores, dwellings, etc. Hundreds of buildings in all parts of -the country have been erected from their plans. Messrs. Munn & Co. will -be pleased to furnish any information desired by readers relative to -any buildings illustrated in these pages.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Look_to_Your_Drain_Pipes_and_Wells"><span class="small">Look to Your Drain Pipes and Wells.</span></h3> - -<p>The Rhode Island State board of health has completed its investigation -of the epidemic of typhoid fever at Conanicut park hotel, made last -summer.</p> - -<p>At the opening of the season of 1887 trouble was experienced, but no -action was taken. Soon the people in the house began to be ill, and at -a time when all the rooms were taken and many more guests were to come -and occupy the cottage apartments. From the first symptoms, which were -not considered serious, the disease, which proved to be typhoid fever, -assumed a violent form, and Dr. Jernigan, on whose advice several -patients had come to the island, directed a practical plumber to make a -thorough examination of the premises.</p> - -<p>The plumber discovered that the pipes leading from the water closets -had leaked into the cellar, and that from all appearances the leak -had existed from the first of the season. The sewage had run into the -well from which the water was drawn for general uses about the hotel. -Prior to the discovery of the contamination of the water, its sparkling -qualities had been praised by all the guests. The plumber also reported -that the ground near the well was saturated with the sewage, and that -when disturbed the earth emitted an overpowering and sickening stench. -From the cellar the investigation was continued to the well at the -north end of the house. It was dug quite recently, and the shaft had -been sunk through an old drain leading to a cesspool, and a portion of -the drain constituted a section of the well shaft.</p> - -<p>The State board of health proposes to ask for an appropriation this -winter sufficient to pay for a careful examination of all the hotels -in the State, and the inspection and analysis of all waters used for -drinking purposes where there is liability of contamination.—<i>Sanitary -News</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><b>Messrs. Munn & Co.</b>, in connection with the publication of the -<b>Scientific American</b>, continue to examine improvements, and to -act as Solicitors of Patents for Inventors.</p> - -<p>In this line of business they have had <i>forty years’ experience</i>, and -have now <i>unequaled facilities</i> for the preparation of Patent Drawings, -Specifications, and the prosecution of Applications for Patents in -the United States, Canada, and Foreign Countries. <b>Messrs. Munn & -Co.</b> also attend to the preparation of Caveats, Copyrights for -Books, Labels, Reissues, Assignments, and Reports on Infringement of -Patents. All business intrusted to them is done with special care and -promptness, on very reasonable terms.</p> - -<p>A pamphlet sent free of charge, on application, containing full -information about Patents and how to procure them; directions -concerning Labels, Copyrights, Designs, Patents, Appeals, Reissues, -Infringements, Assignments, Rejected Cases, Hints on the Sale of -Patents, etc.</p> - -<p>We also send, <i>free of charge</i>, a synopsis of Foreign Patent Laws, -showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal -countries of the world.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="add4em"><b>MUNN & CO., Solicitors of Patents,</b></span><br /> -<span class="add8em">361 Broadway, New York.</span><br /> -BRANCH OFFICE.—622 F Street, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">131</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="Arch_Construction"><span class="small">Arch Construction.</span></h3> - -<p>Iron construction has so completely superseded masonry for bridge -building that it would appear almost unnecessary to discuss the -question of the equilibrated arch for any large span. But the -mathematical principles of the arch have always been an interesting -subject with geometricians and theorists, and the theory, at any rate, -ought to form one of the subjects of the architect’s and engineer’s -education. As a problem of the equilibrium of forces, the theory of -arch construction is instructive, inasmuch as it presents us with -a concrete example of three forces balanced in a structure. The -other day, at the opening of the engineering section of the Bristol -Naturalists’ Society, at University College, Bristol, the president, -Mr. Charles Richardson, C.E., read a paper on arch building, in which -he advocated the employment of arches of equilibrium for bridges. The -author referred to the well known and elegant property of the balanced -arch, which is derived from the principle of the catenary or suspended -chain or inverted polygon of bars, each bar or link assuming the -position (inverted) that the arch stones of an equilibrated arch would -have. In Dr. Hutton’s valuable “Tracts on Bridges,” this principle is -followed in his elucidation of the arch, and readers of that work will -remember the diagrams given of various kinds of balanced arches, and -the curves of extrados necessary to insure equilibrium. The theory, -indeed, is older than Hutton. Belidor and Dr. Hooke both investigated -the form of the extrados from the nature of the curve, and this theory -has been made the foundation of a very interesting system of designing -arches. According to this theory of the question, the stones are -considered free from all friction—a condition which does not hold in -practice. Mr. Richardson follows, as far as we can see, this theory. -He enunciated the theorem that the weight on any point of the arch is -proportional to the vertical line from the road line to the intrados at -that point; that the horizontal thrust is the same throughout the arch, -and is equal to the weight on the crown per unit of area multiplied by -the radius of curvature there; and also that the bed pressure at any -point is equal to the horizontal thrust multiplied by the secant of -the angle the curve makes with the horizon at that point. This rule -is thoroughly mathematical and true for arches of equilibrium; and -the author exhibited an instructive model of an arch equilibrated, -and showed by inverting it, and suspending a chain weighted by steel -rods representing the loads at each point, that the latter coincided -with the road line. But the engineer‐architect has to do with arches -in which the element of friction enters; the stones are cemented, and -therefore the theory, however beautiful, does not hold good in every -case. Instead of the separate arch stones or voussoirs, he has to -deal with segments of the arch which turn upon certain edges. Thus -an arch which fails breaks into four parts, the crown sinks, and the -haunches rise, the joints at those points opening. One of the questions -to decide is the points at which rupture occurs, that being found to -find out what horizontal pressure each of those lower segments have -to sustain. From knowing the thrust and its point of action, the -stability of the arch will depend on the mass and weight of the pier. -The experiments of Rondelet and others have proved that the voussoirs -unite into segments of the arch, and tend to overturn the abutment, -acting rather as levers than wedges. He found, also, that the greatest -thrust was in arches with an even number of voussoirs or a point at the -vertex; that a keystone lessened the thrust. Nevertheless, the theory -of equilibration should be known by all architects and bridge builders.</p> - -<p>In alluding to the materials, the author showed the impossibility of -dressing and bedding stones accurately. Practically, the stone built -arch is difficult to execute with precision. The facing stones only -are cut to the true curve, the backing being filled in with rubble -and roughly executed. With brickwork the bricks can be all bedded in -cement, being more convenient for handling, and a vitrified brick is -equal at least to the best stone in resistance. The brick arch should -be built in vertical bond, not in rings. Mr. Richardson finds that, -taking the safe load in cement at 5 cwt. upon the square inch, an arch -15 in. thick at the springing and 12⅚ at the crown is sufficient -for a span of 85 feet with a rise of ⅛ of the span. He says: “As -all loads and thrusts on such an arch are in direct proportion, if -each dimension were multiplied by four, we should have a span of 340 -feet with a rise of 42 feet and an arch thickness of 5 feet. This 5 -feet thickness would give a sufficient margin of safety for the moving -load, because 5 feet is only the necessary thickness at the springing, -while that at the crown would be 9 in. less. The total weight of this -bridge would be 100,000 tons.” Ring‐built arches are advisedly objected -to, as the rings tend to separate when any settlement takes place. -Mr. Richardson does not rely too much on friction, and he is right. -There can be no scientific arch construction that is not based on the -principle of equilibrium, the line of thrust being kept within the -middle third of the arch thickness; and in designing arches of brick -or stone the engineer should always be able by diagram to satisfy -himself of this condition. Whenever the line of thrust passes close to -the lower edge of the arch ring at the haunches, there must be undue -pressure and a tendency to open at the other edge. In other words, the -arch is inclined to drop at the crown. When it passes out of the arch, -failure must take place sooner or later. Instead of first deciding upon -the curve and road line, as is frequently done, the right course is to -find the line of thrust for the given span and loading, and then make -the arch conform as nearly as possible to this line. We agree with the -opinion that brickwork, if correctly applied, would be found to excel -iron construction in strength, durability, and economy—certainly in -appearance. In the construction of masonry arches, sufficient care -is not always bestowed upon the drainage of the arches—a cause, we -imagine, of many failures.—<i>Building News.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">Gilbert Sheffield</span>, a Warren County, N. Y., lumberman, is one -of the men who believes in using his men well, and in doing something -to relieve the tedium of life in the woods. He has 35 men employed -at Tahawus, in Essex County, and says that for the past two years it -has been his practice to furnish them with copies of the prominent -newspapers, so that when they left camp they were as well informed -regarding current events as when they went in.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">132</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="NEW_FORM_OF_CHIMES_FOR_CHURCHES">NEW FORM OF CHIMES FOR CHURCHES.</h3> - -<p>A new form of chimes for churches is being introduced in England, -which are said to give much satisfaction. They consist of a series -of metallic tubes suspended from a beam, as shown in our engraving. -They are struck by hammers, are very resonant, loud, and pleasing. A -correspondent of the <i>Pall Mall Gazette</i>, speaking of their effect, -says: “The music of many tuneful bells, harmonious, ever changing, -lending themselves to any simple air, easy of management, and mellowed -as the sound of cathedral bells.... Such music I have heard at -Coventry.”</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Tube_Chimes"><span class="small">Tube Chimes.</span></h3> - -<p>The new invention which goes under the name of tube chimes is a musical -chime in which metal tubes instead of bells are employed. The tube -chimes can be used for any purpose that bells are used for, and besides -are an economical substitute for bells. They are remarkable also for -a depth and richness of tone which one does not expect to find except -in high class cathedral bells. A tube chime for a church belfry is -especially suitable. The carrying power is not quite equal to that of -bells. A chime was lately set up in the tower of one of the Dorsetshire -churches which has pleased all concerned. Rung for the first time on -occasion of the harvest festival, it caused both delight and surprise -by the sweet and melodious tones it gave out. The invention has not -long been brought under public notice, but the demand for household -octaves in place of the inharmonious gong is already very large. Mr. -Harrington has a taste for music, and the idea of adapting tubes of -metal for the musical purposes of bells is no new one. It has taken, -though, many years of experiment and study to perfect the principle. -One difficulty, which was a great obstacle in the way, may be alluded -to. The large chimes are rung by bell ropes, but, contrary to the -plan of bells, there is an external hammer instead of the internal -clapper. If the hammers were made of sufficient hardness to prevent -wear and tear, the chime lost its sweet tones and became harsh. If the -hammers were less hard, they would constantly require to be replaced. -Fortunately, that difficulty, like many others, has been satisfactorily -got over. The chimes can be, it should be noted, tuned to any desired -pitch, and Messrs. Harrington & Co. are probably warranted when they -say: “The introduction of this invention will, we are assured, mark -the commencement of a new era in connection with church bells and -carillons, chimes for clocks of all sizes, dinner calls and gongs, and -all mechanisms in which musical bells are used or required, and in some -of these departments bids fair to work a complete revolution.”—<i>The -Architect.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus016a.jpg" width="358" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE NEW TUBE CHIMES.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="MISS_FLORENCE_NIGHTINGALE8217S_HOME">MISS FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’S HOME.</h3> - -<p>At the residence of Sir Harry Verney, Claydon House, Buckinghamshire, -a deputation from the Working Men’s Club of Whatstandwell, Derbyshire, -recently waited on Miss Florence Nightingale, for the purpose of -presenting to her an oil painting, by Mr. E. Crosland, of her late -home, Lea Hurst, as a token of their esteem, and in recognition of -the great interest taken by her in that institution. The deputation, -consisting of Mr. F. C. Iveson, Mr. Crosland, the artist, and Mr. -W. Peacock, assured Miss Nightingale of the love felt for her by -all classes of people at Whatstandwell and in that district, and of -their gratitude for her kindness and help in every good work. Miss -Nightingale, in thanking them for the present, which she admired very -much, expressed her continued great interest in the institution and its -members, and assured them of her hopes for its welfare. The deputation -were entertained at Claydon House by Sir Harry and Lady Verney. We are -permitted to copy the picture of Lea Hurst in our engraving, using a -photograph taken by Mr. J. Schmidt, of Belper.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus016b.jpg" width="600" height="411" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">LEA HURST, DERBYSHIRE, THE HOME OF MISS FLORENCE -NIGHTINGALE.</p></div> - -<p>Miss Florence Nightingale is a lady whose name has been deservedly -honored in England since the Crimean war and has become the symbol -of a particular type of personal efforts in the service of afflicted -humanity. She was born at Florence, in May, 1820, youngest daughter -and coheiress of W. E. Nightingale, Esq., of Lea Hurst, Derbyshire, and -Embley Park, Hampshire. She devoted her attention to the working of -schools for the poor, juvenile reformatories, and hospitals, inspecting -many such institutions on the Continent, and residing, in 1851, with -the Protestant Sisters of Mercy at Kaiserswerth, on the Rhine. She next -bestowed her care and gifts of her money on the London Governesses’ -Sanatorium in Harley street. During the Crimean war, in 1854, when -the inefficient state of our military hospitals in the East demanded -instant reform, the hospital at Scutari, opposite Constantinople, was -established for the relief of sick and wounded British soldiers and -prisoners. It was resolved to form a select band of volunteer lady -superintendents and female nurses for this and other army hospitals. -At the request of the Secretary of State for the War Department, -Mr. Sidney Herbert, afterward Lord Herbert of Lea, Miss Nightingale -undertook the task of organizing and directing this service, which -she performed in a manner universally admired, and which earned her -the personal friendship of the Queen, with many public and private -expressions of gratitude and esteem. A testimonial fund amounting to -$250,000 was subscribed in recognition of her patriotic and benevolent -work, and was, at her special desire, applied to create and maintain an -institution for the training of nurses. Miss Nightingale’s impaired -health, for many years past, has debarred her from active public -exertions but she has continued to study the plans and operations of -those charitable agencies on which she is a high authority, and has -written brief treatises on subjects of much practical importance. Her -“Notes on Hospitals,” printed in 1859; “Notes on Nursing,” in 1860; -and “Notes on Lying‐in Institutions,” and on the training of midwives -and midwifery nurses, in 1871, were of considerable utility. She also -wrote, in 1863, valuable observations on the sanitary condition of -the army in India, and has furnished to the War Office useful reports -and suggestions concerning the army medical department.—<i>Illustrated -London News.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3><span class="small">Painting.</span></h3> - -<p>In order to use paints and oils economically, a clear understanding of -their purpose and action is absolutely necessary. Linseed oil is said -to “dry” after being applied. That is only partially true. It rather -oxidizes and changes to a tough, gummy substance not unlike hard glue. -This action is accelerated by the use of “driers,” as they are called. -But in no case does it give the same results as when left to dry of -its own free will. The carbonate of lead or mineral which is added to -the oil gives the color and assists in making up the body. The life of -the paint is the oil, and when it is oxidized, it alone is the binding -element. Upon it depends the durability of the paint. A piece of wood -dipped in linseed oil and hung up to dry, or oxidize, in the air, will -soon become covered with a beautiful translucent film of oxidized oil, -which grows harder daily. It will take a high polish and preserve the -wood. Another piece dipped in carbonate of lead, or mineral, mixed in -turpentine, or any fluid to allow it to spread evenly over the surface, -will when dry have a dead or flat color without polish or body to -bind it together, and the slightest abrasion will remove portions of -it. All painting is done either with pure oils or with the admixture -of a fluid like turpentine, which assists in the distribution of the -mineral, but does not add to the body. When the surface of wood has -been covered with a thick coating of oxidized oil, it can be washed and -rubbed to look clean and polished. Boats, when of a light color, are -often painted with a mixture containing much turpentine, in order that -all marks may be removed with a little beach sand, by rubbing off the -mineral, which is not bound together securely by oil, but only loosely -by turpentine. Car builders now often paint their cars or varnish them -a second time soon after the first, say after about six months’ run. -This gives them a good coat of oxidized oil to withstand the weather -and preserve the wood. A few coats applied within short intervals -produce a fine covering which is very durable and will take a polish -after washing.—<i>Master Mechanic.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Removal_of_Chimneys"><span class="small">Removal of Chimneys.</span></h3> - -<p>An interesting scene was caused recently by the blowing up of the -two immense chimneys on Borsig’s machine works in Berlin. A large -number of spectators were present to witness the ceremony, including -several officers of the army, the trustees of the Borsig estates, and -the employes of the works. Punctually at five minutes past six P. M., -the signal to “Look out!” was given; then came the word of command, -“Fire!” and at this moment the vast chimney, towering to a height of -say 120 feet 9 inches, quietly collapsed. The noise occasioned by the -fall was not very great, ditches two meters in breadth having been -dug all round the chimney and filled with straw. For blowing up this -colossus, which consisted of 98,000 bricks and was topped with a heavy -iron cap weighing twenty‐five centners, only 24 kilos of dynamite were -employed. Photographs were taken of the chimney before it fell, and -also as it was in the act of falling, by an officer of the Commission -for Experimenting with Explosives. The second chimney standing about -80 feet high, was blasted with gun cotton, of which 35 kilos were -required.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">133</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="HOMES_OF_FACTORY_OPERATIVES">HOMES OF FACTORY OPERATIVES.</h3> - -<p>The institution of the factory system changed the workshop home of the -domestic system to the home proper by transferring work to the factory. -As a result, the homes of the operatives under the factory system have -undergone a great change, and are still undergoing changes, which are -making the English significance of the word “home” a reality to the -poorest. It is perfectly true that in every large factory town one can -find loathsome dwellings occupied by groups of persons called families. -In most factory towns, both in America and Europe, it is easy to find -dwellings occupied by factory operatives which are a disgrace to the -owners and the municipality. Yet, taking the operative population of -such towns as a class, they are very comfortably housed, and about as -well housed in one country as another. The personal inspection of more -than 1,000 homes of factory operatives leads Mr. Carroll D. Wright to -this conclusion, he having written a special report on the “Factory -System of the United States” for the Census Bureau.</p> - -<p>British factory houses being floored with stone, as a rule, present -a cold and cheerless look. The dimensions of the British house are -much smaller than factory houses in America. The tenements of three -rooms have much less space than tenements of three rooms here. This is -generally true of all European factory towns. But the houses of the -operatives are, as a rule, separate ones, the tenement house being -quite unknown except where what is termed the “model workingmen’s -houses” are being tried. The boarding house is not an institution for -factory operatives.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus017a.jpg" width="496" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">OPERATIVE’S HOUSE AT WILLIMANTIC FACTORIES.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus017a_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (218 kB)</p></div> - -<p>At Saltaire, near Bradford, the homes of the work‐people are excellent; -rents vary from $30 to $100 per year for three to five room houses. The -houses are neat, tidy, and prettily furnished. At Queensbury, where -John Foster & Son have works, the weavers earn 15 to 18 shillings per -week full run, and the rents are 84 cents per week for three rooms. -Some of the best houses in England are at Copley village, in Halifax, -built by James Akroyd & Sons. They rent three rooms for £10 per year, -and the operatives are helped to acquire a freehold. The Crowleys -at Halifax employ 5,000 people, who have good houses. The houses at -Salford and Manchester are not so good. The factories at Paisley are -excellent evidences of the good influence which arises from proper -interest in employes. The works of the Messrs. Clark and Messrs. Coates -are model establishments and the influence of model works extends to -the houses of the people employed, which are here very comfortable. -Rents vary from 72 cents to $2 per week, according to number of rooms.</p> - -<p>In Glasgow no cellarages can now be found. The operatives have gone -to the suburbs, where they have changed their cramped city abodes for -clean and light houses. Belfast, Ireland, is improving the dwellings of -the linen factory operatives. The houses are tidy, and rents are from -48 to 60 cents per week for four rooms. There are houses with flats -in Belfast. In the west and east of Scotland the operatives live very -largely in flats; rents in Dundee and Dunfermline being for two rooms -from $15 to $30 per year, and for three or four rooms from $30 to $50 -per year.</p> - -<p>Among the most substantial houses for workingmen will be found -those of Herr Krupp, in Essen, Rhenish Prussia. By his system of -employment he has the selection of the best mechanics in Europe. This -system comprehends all the advantages to be found in model industrial -establishments, including excellent tenements and gardens at low -rents. A foreman, a gun‐maker, earning $45 per month, receives four -rooms, a drying place on the roof, a cellar, and a garden for $45 per -year. A workman with wages at 75 cents per day pays $37 per year for -three large rooms, drying place, cellar, and garden. There are fair -tenements, in two or three story blocks, situated in colonies just -outside the towns. For $100 per year, one can obtain a most excellent -tenement of seven large rooms, cellar, garden, etc. The houses in -the colonies are owned by Herr Krupp. In fact, he believes that he -receives better results by owning everything, and by being able thereby -to control the sanitary surroundings of the dwellings of his people. -These colonies, each having its name, are laid out with park, schools, -churches, supply stores, etc. The housing of the single men is on the -barrack plan.</p> - -<p>It may be stated that the houses in Great Britain and on the Continent -are of stone or brick, as the locality may afford, and the neat wood -cottage of America cannot be found. It is quite impossible to compare -the houses of European factory operatives with those of the same class -in America. The great mass of the former are, generally speaking, quite -as well housed as the latter, so far as the quality of the house is -concerned; but so far as quantity of room and excellence of living are -concerned, the advantage is with the operatives of America. When the -operative of this country steps out of the boarding or the tenement -house, he steps into an individual home the equal of which cannot be -found in the factory towns of the Old World.</p> - -<p>The cottage of the American factory operative, when he sees fit to -occupy one, is superior to the cottage of the workingman of any other -country. It is most gratifying to know that the individual homes are -not only increasing in number in this country, but they are increasing -in influence. In all the leading factory towns this is the course of -progress.</p> - -<p>The plates we give on this page represent one of the styles of modern -cottages built by the Willimantic Linen Co., of Willimantic, Conn. With -each cottage is quite a garden of several thousand feet of land. The -rent is from $60 to $125 per year. These houses are located in such a -way as to exhibit variety of styles; that is, two of like architecture -are never placed side by side. The company has a large number of these -houses occupied by operators and overseers. The cuts show the front and -side elevations, and the plans of the two floors. These are given as a -type of the detached workingmen’s homes used in this country.—<i>Min. -and Sci. Press</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Gangways_v_Staircases"><span class="small">Gangways v. Staircases.</span></h3> - -<p>Mr. A. Lindsay Miller, in the <i>Building News</i>, recommends for theaters -and other public buildings the use of gangways instead of stairs.</p> - -<p>In public works, especially dye works, they will not use the stairs, -but gain access to the several floors by gangways, with a rise of about -5 ft. in 12 ft. or 13 ft. of length, and any one watching the speed -and ease with which the workers run from floor to floor would at once -understand why staircases are not used. Of course, architecturally, -they have not the dignity of the staircase; but, in theaters and music -halls, dignity is secondary to security. The advantage of the gangway -is easily explained.</p> - -<p>In going down a stair, each step, or, in a hurry, each second step, -must be taken, and the slightest mistake throws the person down. In a -stair 12 ft. long, at least six different steps require to be taken. -In the gangway of the same length, a person in a hurry, or in the -excitement of a panic, would take it in two bounds, and with perfect -safety.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="ROBURITE_A_NEW_EXPLOSIVE">ROBURITE—A NEW EXPLOSIVE.</h3> - -<p>A number of experiments were conducted lately at the works of Messrs. -Heenan & Froude, Manchester, with a new explosive, called “roburite,” -which is manufactured in Germany, and is about to be introduced into -this country for use in blasting operations. The composition and -process of manufacture of this explosive are kept secret, but we -understand that it consists of two non‐explosive and perfectly harmless -substances, of such a nature that they may be stored or transported -without special precautions or restrictions. These two substances may -be mixed together when required, and, in combination, become roburite, -a yellowish compound, which will bear rough handling with safety. We -understand that an intense heat is necessary to explode it. In order to -prove this, the explosive was placed, in the experiments in question, -between two plates, which were freely rubbed together and hammered; -and a small quantity thrown upon a fire was merely consumed, without -exploding.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus017b.jpg" width="500" height="343" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Fig. 1.</p></div> - -<p>In order to obtain an idea of the explosive effectiveness of roburite, -eight ounces of the explosive were placed on a plate of the very best -steel, at the point marked A in Fig. 1, which shows the state of the -plate after the explosion. This plate was 3 ft. square by ½ in. -thick, and a bulge of about 1 ft. diam. and 3½ in. deep was caused -by the explosion. Twelve ounces of the explosive were then placed at -A (Fig. 2) on a cast iron plate, 6 in. thick, and weighing nearly -three tons. After the explosion the plate was found to be broken -transversely, in the manner shown in the engraving. Unlike dynamite, -roburite is said to be in no way affected by varying temperatures, -and if duly protected against damp, it may be kept for years in any -climate, without its efficiency becoming in any way impaired. It is -also claimed by the manufacturers that roburite has an explosive force -greater than dynamite by at least 25 per cent.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus017c.jpg" width="500" height="241" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Fig. 2.</p></div> - -<p>In exploding, roburite does not produce noxious gases, and, therefore, -may be used without intermission, while the poisonous gases given off -by dynamite often necessitate the stoppage of work, in some cases -for a considerable time. This new explosive is applicable for use -in mines and quarries, and for torpedoes and blasting operations -generally.—<i>Industries</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Iron_Beams_In_Place_of_Wood"><span class="small">Iron Beams In Place of Wood.</span></h3> - -<p>Speaking of the large apartment house in New York lately condemned for -dry rot (see illustration last November number of this paper), the -<i>American Architect</i> says: A few of the floors were of spruce, and -these, as might be expected, had resisted the rot much better than the -hemlock, and were still sound, but the construction ought certainly -to be changed. In view of the dangers from this source which attend -efforts to provide fire‐resisting floors of wood, it would seem that -something might be done with light shapes of rolled iron beams. We have -seen rolled floor beams used in Paris nearly as light as wooden ones -of the same depth, and a tier of these, deafened with mortar on wire -in the French manner, and wire‐lathed underneath, with a wooden floor -over, would cost little more than a solid mass of wooden beams, and -would be proof against rot as well as fire.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">134</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="BATHING_ESTABLISHMENT_AND_CASINO_IN_VITTEL_VOSGES_BUILT_BY_CHARLES">BATHING ESTABLISHMENT AND CASINO IN VITTEL (VOSGES). BUILT BY CHARLES -GARNIER, ARCHITECT, OF PARIS.</h3> - -<p>The casino is built of plastered quarry stone, with the exception of -the socle, the balustrades, and the pillars, which consist of gray -Vosges sandstone. The facade is ornamented with mosaics, and the roof -is covered with slate of two colors.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus018.jpg" width="600" height="427" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BATHING HOUSE AND SALOON AT VITTEL—CHARLES GARNIER, -ARCHITECT.</p> -</div> - -<p>The bathing establishment is colored in Moorish style. Red brick bands -in the socle, as well as the faience and mosaics in the main cornice, -stand out artistically from the gray plaster of the walls. The roof is -covered with red tiles.—<i>Architektonische Rundschau</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="The_Back_Yard"><span class="small">The Back Yard.</span></h3> - -<p>Our immediate ancestors had their farm house, with its necessary -accompaniment of granaries, barn, etc. We move to town and build our -shingle palace or brick mansion, with its large front show window, in -which the well preserved, gilt edged family Bible and the Rogers group -have it which and t’other for supremacy—and set up in our back yard, -to represent the outbuildings of our ancestry, a privy, a pile of -slabwood, generally as dumped, a few barrels, perhaps a cheap stable. -Not then satisfied with the amount of decaying wood about the premises, -we lay a lot of wood walk.</p> - -<p>Walking along the avenue, we see a pretentious residence. It must be -occupied by people of great refinement, for is not the most prominent -room in the house the library, the whole street side taken up with -an immense bay window, the glass reaching nearly to the floor? How -splendidly it was lighted as we passed last night! What elegant sets -of books on the shelves! Plenty of pictures, too. Let us to‐day take -a look at the back yard. Why do not these people board up the windows -at the back of the house? Here is a well with a dirty puddle by it, -the pump standing on a rotting platform; hard by some kitchen garbage, -farther on ashes, and so it goes, the whole rear of the lot so bad as -to discourage vegetable life even. It is mercifully screened in part -from the general view by a high, unpainted board fence, against which, -now and then, a weed or tuft of grass grows. Where is there better -field for the crusade?</p> - -<p>The rear of the house and the outbuildings, though not so expensively -finished, have a right to be carefully and artistically done. A -woodshed is not a nuisance if inclosed, well boarded and painted, and -the wood kept inside. A privy has no right to exist. If there be no -proper system of drainage in the house for a water closet, partition -off an earth closet from the woodshed or stable. Tasteful, well cared -for outbuildings and fences are not only not an offense to the artistic -sense, but are rather pleasing, indicating thrift, tidiness, and -comfort. But when we consider the opportunities they offer for the -support of the vine morning glories, sweet peas, nasturtiums, climbing -roses, and like forms of plant life, what a joyous recompense for so -little labor and care. Then all the available back yard space that is -not used for walks, drives, etc., should give either vegetables or -flowers—minister to the comfort or culture of the family.</p> - -<p>Listen to people who lament the bad influences of street associations -upon the children. Yet they say, very reasonably, the children must -have outdoor air, etc., and they have never considered but that the -only alternative from the housing of the children is the freedom of -the streets. They do not know what moral education is contained in a -few feet of ground, congenial work for the hands, and the prettiest of -life development studies for the mind. Give each of these street‐loving -children a flower bed, a small set of garden tools, some flower seeds, -and what help and advice they need, and note if there be not germs -of nobler thoughts and desires taking root at the same time in their -fertile natures. But—to moralize a little—there is a kinship between -the ornamented front and disgraceful rear of a residence and the -fine clothes and the false heart of the wearer, and we fear that the -majority of people who inhabit that sort of residence would rather risk -some contamination of their children’s characters than to see their -faces, hands, and clothes besmeared with Mother Earth.</p> - -<p>The back yard of the future will be a bower of flowers and greenery and -the leisure hour resort of the family.—<i>N. W. Architect</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Thomas_Ustick_Walter"><span class="small">Thomas Ustick Walter.</span></h3> - -<p>Thomas Ustick Walter died at his home, in Philadelphia, on October 30, -aged eighty‐four years. He had been for some years president of the -American Institute of Architects.</p> - -<p>His first principal work was the new county prison, in 1831, now -generally known as “Moyamensing Jail.” In 1833 he made the original -designs for Girard College, and was sent to Europe by the building -committee of the institution. His tour through the principal countries -was made for the specific purpose of the study of the principal -buildings of the old world. Upon his return he took charge of the -college buildings, which were finished in 1847, in accordance with his -suggestions, when he was also made one of the directors of the college.</p> - -<p>Mr. Walter’s next great public work was the break‐water at Laguayra -for the Venezuelan government. In 1851 his design for the extension -of the national capitol was adopted, and he was appointed government -architect. He removed to Washington, where he designed several -prominent public buildings, among them being the wing added to the -Patent Office in 1851, the reconstruction of the Congressional Library -building, which was destroyed by fire in 1851, the extensions of -the United States Treasury building in 1855, and the Post Office in -the same year, the dome of the national capitol, and the government -hospital for the insane.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Pine_Woods"><span class="small">Pine Woods.</span></h3> - -<p>The sights and sounds of pine woods, the comfort and delight of walking -in them, cannot be half told in a short paragraph. They are also as -sanitary as they are pleasing and beautiful. It is said that the air -of the Black Forest does more to revive and cure weakly patients than -gallons of medicine; and from experience of the odors of pines at -night, or in the early morning and dewy eve, I should say they were not -only antiseptic, but strengthening as a dose of quinine. The living -leaves, as well as the dead and slowly decomposing needles, redolent of -healing and strengthening odors, bring back the color to pale cheeks -and strength to semi‐exhausted constitutions.</p> - -<p>The shelter of pine forests is also perfect. No matter how the wind -thunders and roars among the tops, calm prevails on the surface of -the ground. Just as the waves of the ocean are, after all, limited to -its surface while a perpetual calm rests on its deeper depths, so the -turmoil of the storm exhausts its force on the tops of the trees, while -the base of the boles are hardly moved by it. Hence the superlative -value of pines in masses for shelter. The shelter of a large pine -wood is unique in character, providing a local atmosphere as genial -as it is pleasant. The elasticity of the dead needles seems to get -into one’s spirits, and enables one for the nonce to bid adieu to the -cares and the ills of life. One saunters along under the shadow of -tall pines without fatigue, and can rest on the clean, sweet carpet of -dead needles and leaves with little fear of noxious weeds, insects, -or malaria; and the whole air is deodorized and charged to the full -with health‐giving properties by the odor‐distributing pines, that not -only provide warmth and shelter, but health, to all who walk under -or linger among them. Pine woods in England are mostly too small to -furnish to the full all these advantages; but the black forests of -Scotland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Russia are massive enough to -furnish shelter, shadow, rest, and health to those wise enough to seek -for either amid their grand trunks or under their dense, dark masses of -branches and leaves.—<i>The Garden</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">135</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="SKETCH_FOR_A_COTTAGE">SKETCH FOR A COTTAGE.</h3> - -<p>We give from the <i>Architectural Era</i> the floor plans and perspective -sketch for a cottage which presents a number of attractive features. -This house might be well built for $5,500, and perhaps less, depending -on the locality and style of interior finish.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus019a.jpg" width="591" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SKETCH FOR A COTTAGE.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus019b.jpg" width="600" height="586" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">FIRST FLOOR PLAN.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus019c.jpg" width="600" height="575" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SECOND FLOOR PLAN.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="How_We_Have_Grown"><span class="small">How We Have Grown.</span></h3> - -<p>When the history of the past seven years comes to be written, they -will stand as years of the most marvelous expansion ever known in our -history. Two of them, 1884 and 1885, were held as they passed to be -dull years, but even these included great growth, and were a period -of industrial readjustment rather than liquidation. The population of -this country has not increased more than a fourth since the census -of 1880, but house building, as an industry, has more than doubled, -the number of common brick made in this country having increased from -3,800,000,000 to 7,000,000,000, worth $49,000,000. As the lumber trade -has increased in less but large proportion, and iron production has -risen over one‐half from 4,300,000 tons in 1880 to 6,300,000 in 1886, -it is certain that the past seven years have seen the most active -building ever known in this country. Chicago uses one‐seventeenth of -the brick made in the country, and if its building represents the same -share of the cost of house erection of all sorts in the United States, -fully $2,000,000,000 have been spent on buildings in this country in -the last seven years. As about the same sum will be reached by adding -the building in the leading cities and estimating for the rest of the -country, the truth is probably not far from these figures, which are -under rather than over the mark. The railroad building since 1880 has -cost, at $50,000 a mile, $2,700,000,000. This makes $4,700,000,000, or -about one‐tenth of the national wealth in 1880, turned into railroads -and buildings in this country. As the residence and business real -estate of the country, including water power, was valued in the census -of 1880 at $9,881,000,000, and the railroads at $5,500,000,000, we -have added one‐half to the cost of the latter and one‐fifth to the -former in seven years, although the railroads represent the accumulated -construction of fifty years, and the buildings are spread over an even -longer period in their erection. This enormous increase has taken place -without adding a bale to the cotton to be carried or a bushel to the -grain raised. No more pork is produced now than in 1880, and the number -of sheep is no greater now than then. Great increase has been made -in cattle raised for food, in fruits, and, on the average, in canned -goods. Coal, taking bituminous and anthracite together, has increased -one‐half from 70,000,000 to 106,000,000 tons. Copper has advanced in -output from 27,009 tons in 1880 to 69,800 in 1886, and about the same -this year. A great advance is true of nearly all mineral products, but -in agriculture the United States has made little or no progress in -product in the last seven years, but a great advance in acreage or the -cost of cultivation.—<i>Philadelphia Press.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="A_Good_Suggestion"><span class="small">A Good Suggestion.</span></h3> - -<p>Charles Hardy, in the <i>National Builder</i>, says: Underestimating means -working for nothing and forcing others to do the same; it means -impoverishment and poor work. The contractor has himself and his family -to maintain, and the temptation is great to get out by doing poor work. -I would suggest that every contractor purchase an account book large -enough to enter, line by line, upon a single page, every item of his -estimate—giving quantity, price, and labor for each item. Let him -leave opposite to this page a blank page, on which he may enter, on the -corresponding line opposite, the actual amount of labor expended upon -the item, and he will thus be able to see the result of his contract.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">A tower</span> of <span class="smcap">Victory</span> has been erected on the grounds of Washington’s -Headquarters, at Newburg, N. Y., at a cost of $35,000. It affords -beautiful views of the Hudson, the Highlands, and the surrounding -country.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">136</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus020a.jpg" width="600" height="362" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A COTTAGE FOR $4,200.<br /> -[For description see page <a href="#A_COTTAGE_FOR_4200">140.</a>]</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus020b.jpg" width="289" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><i>1st Story Plan.</i></p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus020b_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (127 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus020c.jpg" width="322" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><i>2nd Story Plan.</i></p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus020c_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (139 kB)</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">137</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus021a.jpg" width="600" height="354" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A RESIDENCE FOR $5,000.<br /> -[For description see page <a href="#A_RESIDENCE_FOR_5000">140</a>.]</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus021a_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (210 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus021b.jpg" width="281" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><i>FIRST STORY PLAN.</i></p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus021b_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (202 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus021c.jpg" width="305" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><i>SECOND STORY PLAN.</i></p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus021c_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (215 kB)</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">138</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="A_4200_DWELLING">A $4,200 DWELLING.</h3> - -<p>We give a perspective view and plans of a neat dwelling, the general -dimensions of which are as follows:</p> - -<p>Front, 29 ft. 6 in., exclusive of bay window; side, 48 ft. 9 in., not -including piazza.</p> - -<p>Cellar, 7 ft.; first story, 9 ft. 6 in.; second story, 9 ft.; attic, 8 -ft. See floor plans for dimensions of rooms.</p> - -<p><i>Materials.</i>—Foundation, brick; first and second stories, clapboards; -gables, cut shingles; roof, slate.</p> - -<p><i>Cost.</i>—Four thousand two hundred dollars, including furnace and -mantels.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus022a.jpg" width="600" height="322" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A $4,200 DWELLING.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus022a_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (196 kB)</p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus022b.jpg" width="226" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">First Floor Plan.</span></p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus022b_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (166 kB)</p> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus022c.jpg" width="273" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Second Floor Plan.</span></p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus022c_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (190 kB)</p></div> - -<p>Fireplaces are provided in the dining room, parlor, and one bed room. -The attic has two bed rooms, front room, and hall. Cellar under the -whole house.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">Prof. Thomas</span>, of Little Rock, has a curious library. The -covers of the books are of wood, each a different specimen. They are -made from white oak, red oak, black oak, chestnut, American beech, -birch, red cedar, yellow pine, pitch pine, willow, poplar, cypress, -“old field” or long‐leaved pine, bois d’arc, black walnut, hickory -(several varieties), white and red maple, box elder, black locust, -black sumac, water locust, coffee bean, wild plum, holly, basswood, -papaw, bay, umbrella, wild cherry, sweet gum, elm (several varieties), -sycamore, witch hazel, butternut, pecan, hickory, and twenty or more -other woods.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">139</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="THE_JOHN_CROUSE_MEMORIAL_COLLEGE_FOR_WOMEN">THE JOHN CROUSE MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN.</h3> - -<p>We take pleasure in presenting to our readers an illustration of -the John Crouse Memorial College for Women, which it is proposed to -erect on the hill west of the Hall of Languages, Syracuse University, -Syracuse, N. Y. This edifice is to be the gift of one of the wealthiest -and most prominent citizens of Syracuse, Mr. John Crouse. The donor of -this magnificent gift well deserves to be held in grateful remembrance -by every friend and well wisher of the Syracuse University, as well -as by the students and faculty. It is proposed to make this building -a model one in every respect, and neither pains nor money are to be -spared to render it the most perfectly equipped college to be found in -the country. The structure is to be five stories in height, to be built -of East Long Meadow brownstone, and to cover an area of nearly two -hundred feet square.</p> - -<p>In this connection a brief historical sketch of Syracuse University may -interest our readers.</p> - -<p>The college now known as Syracuse University had its origin in Lima, -a pretty little village in Western New York, but quite out of the -way, and not easy of access. It was then called Genesee College, -and the first gathering of faculty and students occurred on Monday, -June 9, 1851. The faculty consisted of Benjamin F. Tefft, D.D. LL.D. -and Professors Houghton, Douglass, Whitlock, and Alverson. On June -12 of same year, the Rev. B. F. Tefft was inaugurated president of -Genesee College, and on July 10 the names of thirty‐eight students -were enrolled on the college register. November 5 saw the faculty -increased by the addition of Professors Hoyt and Fowler. The college -thus organized continued with varying fortunes until July 7, 1871, when -it disbanded. In 1866 the subject of removing the college from Lima -began to be agitated, and the idea of a central university for the -Methodism of New York was first publicly announced in the <i>Northern -Christian Advocate</i>, during the year 1873. From this time forth the -new enterprise met with great favor on all sides, except with the -citizens of Lima, who were reluctant to see the withdrawal from their -midst of their principal attraction, to which we may well believe they -had become greatly attached, and who procured an injunction against -its removal. Prominent members of the Methodist Central Conference -were nevertheless commissioned to carry forward the good work, and -substantial aid was soon forthcoming. Syracuse, being the most central -city in the State, was finally settled upon as the most appropriate -home for the new college.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus023.jpg" width="368" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption noindent"><span class="smcap">Archimedes Russell</span>, Architect, Syracuse, N. Y.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus023_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (216 kB)</p></div> - -<p>The site now known as University Hill was secured, plans made by the -well known architect, H. N. White, were adopted, and July 19, 1871, -the contract for building the Hall of Languages was let for the sum -of $136,000, and Syracuse University became an assured fact. The -corner stone of the Hall of Languages was laid on August 31, with -impressive ceremonies, and the faculty of the College of Liberal -Arts was inaugurated. On September 1 the college opened in the Myers -block, which had been secured for the use of the university, and here -the sessions were held until May 1, 1873, when the Hall of Languages -being completed, it was on that date occupied for the first time. -During the year 1871 the plan for a medical college in connection -with the university was adopted, and its first commencement exercises -were held February 12, 1873. When the Hall of Languages was erected, -other buildings were contemplated at such time as the finances of -the university should admit of their realization. The institution -has struggled along, sometimes meeting with reverses, but now and -then being fortified and strengthened by the reception of substantial -encouragement from some of its many and devoted friends. Now at last -the wheel of fortune has suddenly turned in its favor, and it finds -itself at the flood tide of prosperity, with the prospect before it of -a long and honorable course of usefulness and well deserved success. -University Hill commands a magnificent view of the belt of hills which -girdle the city, with Onondaga Lake set like a sparkling gem in the -distance. Upon the west hill an observatory has just been erected, -and near the Hall of Languages a suitable building is in process of -erection, for the accommodation of the fine and valuable library which -has been generously bestowed upon it by one of its friends. Syracusans -are proud of the University, and they, in common with its hosts of warm -friends throughout all parts of the country, rejoice in the evidence of -its well merited prosperity.</p> - -<p>The alumni of Syracuse University have members not only in almost -every State in the Union, but count among their number graduates -from Canada, England, Mexico, San Domingo, Brazil, China, India, and -Japan.—<i>Architectural Era</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="How_a_Marble_Statue_is_Made"><span class="small">How a Marble Statue is Made.</span></h3> - -<p>Mr. John A. P. Macbride, sculptor, who was introduced to a large -audience, chiefly of workingmen, by Sir James Picton, recently gave a -practical lecture on the above subject, at the Rotunda lecture hall, -Liverpool. After giving a sketch of the art and its great antiquity, -the lecturer drew a profile in chalk on the blackboard, which he filled -in with clay, and proceeded to demonstrate the building up and modeling -of a portrait bust of soft clay. He stated that there was a general -and erroneous opinion that in taking a portrait bust it was necessary -to take a cast of the face. This was a mistake, for the head lost all -the spirit and go by such a mechanical process that should distinguish -an artist’s work. The truth was not always that which appeared to be -true, and the sculptor had to convey some idea of the character as well -as of the mind of the sitter; and a man who knew his work ought to be -able to do so with his fingers. Carving was a secondary consideration. -The lecturer then explained the process of pointing a marble statue. -In this process, the model and the block of marble were each fixed on -a base called a scale stone, to which a standard vertical rod could be -attached at corresponding centers, having at its upper end a sliding -needle, so adapted by a movable joint as to be set at any angle and -fastened by a screw when set. The sculptor having marked the governing -points with a pencil on the model, the instrument was applied to these, -and the measure taken. The standard being then transferred to the block -base, the pointer, guided by this measure, cuts away the marble, taking -care to leave it rather larger than the model, so that the general -proportions were kept, and the more important work then left for the -sculptor’s hand.—<i>Building News.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">About</span> 5,500 buildings have been rebuilt and improved in Charleston, -S. C., in the year since the earthquake, and 270 new buildings have -been erected. This has been a busy year with mechanics and builders at -Charleston, and about $3,500,000 has been expended in this work.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">140</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="A_STABLE_COSTING_5500">A STABLE COSTING $5,500.</h3> - -<p>We present herewith front and rear perspectives, with plans, for a -handsome stable now being erected in Brooklyn, N. Y., from designs and -plans prepared at the <span class="smcap">Scientific American</span> office. The general -dimensions are: Front, 40 feet; side, 25 feet. Height of stories: First -story, 11 feet: 5 feet breastwork in second story.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus024.jpg" width="600" height="445" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A STABLE COSTING $5,500—FRONT VIEW.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus024_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (207 kB)</p></div> - - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus025a.jpg" width="600" height="415" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A STABLE COSTING $5,500—REAR VIEW.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus025a_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (196 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus025b.jpg" width="600" height="383" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">First Floor Plan.</span></p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus025b_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (148 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus025c.jpg" width="600" height="435" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Second Floor Plan.</span></p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/illus025c_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (153 kB)</p></div> - -<p><i>Materials.</i>—Foundation, stone; water table, red granite; outside -walls, red pressed brick; trimmings, buff brick; tower and gables, -shingles; roof, black and red slate; inside wall finish, enameled -brick; ceilings and stable work, Georgia pine; cellar under carriage -room. Cost, $5,500.</p> - -<p><i>Special Features.</i>—Space for six carriages in carriage room; -accommodation for four horses; ample ventilation and light; stable -connected by sliding door. Both floors are laid with 2 inch Georgia -pine plank.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="A_Great_Building"><span class="small">A Great Building.</span></h3> - -<p>Mr. J. L. Smithmeyer, architect of the Congressional Library building, -states in his first annual report that the Congressional Library -building when completed will be the largest structure in Washington, -with the exception of the Capitol. It will cover 111,000 square feet of -space.</p> - -<p>In a building of such magnitude and importance, every step in the -progress of the work must be carefully considered, lest fatal mistakes, -due to hasty construction, should occur. It was deemed of the utmost -importance to test every foot of ground supporting the foundation -walls. For this purpose a traveling testing machine was constructed, -which will give an accurate test of the entire soil. The tests thus far -made have been most satisfactory, the soil standing a maximum pressure -of 13·5 tons to the square foot, only 2·5 tons being required. These -tests will be continued until the foundations are laid.</p> - -<p>The method of testing the soil and putting in the concrete foundations -may be briefly described as follows: First, the trench excavations are -made by the contractor to the width and depth required by the plans, -the bottom of the trenches being made perfectly level. Then the testing -machine, consisting of a car bearing the required amount of weight in -pig lead for making the tests, is placed in the trenches upon iron -rails, which rest upon four cast iron pedestals, the latter being set -four feet apart each way, each pedestal covering one foot of ground. -Thus, one‐fourth of the entire weight borne by the car rests upon -each one of the pedestals, and the precise weight sustained by each -square foot of ground is exactly determined. The soil being thus tested -as to its resisting strength, is then ready to receive the concrete -foundations.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="A_COTTAGE_FOR_4200">A COTTAGE FOR $4,200.</h3> - -<p>We give on page <a href="#Page_136">136</a> a perspective view and floor plans of a cottage -costing $4,200. The general dimensions are:</p> - -<p>Front, 32 ft.; side, 39 ft. 2 in., exclusive of bay window and butler’s -pantry. The size of rooms will be seen by reference to the floor plans.</p> - -<p>The height of stories is as follows: Cellar, 7 ft.; first story, 9 ft. -6 in.; second story, 9 ft.; attic, 8 ft.</p> - -<p><i>Materials.</i>—Foundation, stone; first and second stories, clapboarded; -gables, cut shingles; roof, slate.</p> - -<p><i>Cost.</i>—Four thousand two hundred dollars, including furnace and -mantels.</p> - -<p>This house is designed to be heated by a furnace. There are fireplaces -in the dining room and in one front bed room. The attic has two bed -rooms and hall finished, and garret. Cellar under the whole house.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="A_RESIDENCE_FOR_5000">A RESIDENCE FOR $5,000.</h3> - -<p>The house illustrated on page <a href="#Page_137">137</a> has the following general dimensions:</p> - -<p>Front, 31 ft. 6 in., including bay window; side, 43 ft., including bay -window.</p> - -<p>Cellar, 7 ft.; first story, 10 ft.; second story, 9 ft. 6 in.; attic, 8 -ft. The floor plans show the sizes of the rooms.</p> - -<p><i>Materials.</i>—Foundation, stone; first and second stories, clapboards; -gables, cut shingles; roof, slate.</p> - -<p><i>Cost.</i>—Five thousand dollars, without heater and mantels.</p> - -<p>It may be heated by a furnace. There are fireplaces in the dining room -and in one chamber. The attic has two chambers and hall finished. -Cellar under the whole house. Water closet off the laundry, and private -stairs from kitchen to platform of main staircase.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Proportions_of_Rooms"><span class="small">Proportions of Rooms.</span></h3> - -<p>There are few objects connected with our art that have been more -frequently dwelt on by those who have undertaken to be our guides and -monitors than the right proportions to be given to rooms. Vitruvius -led the way, and subsequent theorizers have laid down, sometimes very -dogmatically, their views of just proportions. I find, however, in the -actual practice of the ablest men such extreme diversity, and I observe -pleasing effects producible by the adoption of such widely different -proportions, that I find myself, I confess, much inclined to be -somewhat incredulous of all these theories. Certainly if beauty could -be thus reduced to a formula, and the proper relation indisputably -established between the length, breadth, and height of every room, -a royal road would be cleared for us, which would be at least very -convenient both to those who teach and to those who learn. I fear I -can scarcely hope to furnish you with such a desirable help in your -studies. I find rooms of universally admitted beauty, yet of almost -every geometrical figure. I have heard of the room in the museum of -Florence, the Tribune it is called, which contains the Venus di Medici, -spoken of in terms of rapturous approval for the beauty of its form -and proportions. This saloon is an equilateral octagon on plan. I have -known square rooms greatly admired—such, for example, as the saloon in -Cobham Hall, which is usually pointed to as one of the <i>chefs‐d’œuvre</i> -of Inigo Jones. Who is there that is not charmed with the proportions -of the Pantheon at Rome? This, you know, is circular. The classical -teacher of our art, Vitruvius, seems to contemplate only rectangular -forms, and directs us to adapt the double cube and the cube and a half, -whether for a temple or a triclinium.</p> - -<p>The Sistine Chapel, attached to the Papal Palace, upon which the best -art of Italy in its best days was expended, is a triple cube, viz., -133 by 44. While of modern French, Italian, and English teachers, each -seems to have his own special favorite proportion. The truth I believe -to be that, so bounteously have we been endowed, and so liberally have -the laws of beauty in form and proportion been framed, there exists -in fact an endless variety of beautiful forms and proportions. My -impression is that it is as little consistent with truth to lay down -any one definite form or proportion as the best as it is to extol any -one particular curve as the line of beauty. I believe that there are as -many pleasing proportions to be given to rooms as there are pleasing -harmonies of color and sound. The purpose of a room must always be an -important guide in determining the form and proportions to be given -to it. If planned so long in proportion to its width as to remind us -of a passage, it loses its distinctive character, and creates a false -impression, which it can never be good art to do. It is indeed obvious -that a consideration of the special fitness of a room for its destined -uses must always greatly influence its proportions. The octagon form, -so much affected by our ancestors in planning their chapter houses, -owes its origin probably far more to the propriety of that form for a -chamber intended for the convenient assemblage of the members of the -chapter sitting in council than to any intrinsic architectural beauty, -however unquestionable that beauty may be.—<i>S. Smirke.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> <i>Firemen’s Herald</i> says fire protection, like charity, should begin -at home. However efficient may be the public service against fire, a -single bucket of water properly administered may stop a fire that all -the efforts of the brigade would be unable to quench, and besides, the -jet of a powerful engine is as destructive in its way as fire to all -perishable articles within a room, such as furniture, pictures, and -bric‐a‐brac.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">141</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="Plants_for_Room_Decoration"><span class="small">Plants for Room Decoration.</span></h3> - -<p>The universal custom now prevailing in most establishments of having a -few plants in addition to cut flowers dotted about the different rooms -induces me to write a short paper thereon, not only because it has -developed into a very important part of the gardener’s work, but it -likewise requires a fair share of taste in the arrangements, as well as -suitable plants for the purpose. Generally speaking, each room being -differently furnished will require a different class of plants for -its adornment, but, as a rule, plants with stiff, upright growth are -objectionable to the eye, as they do not hide the pot or stems unless -others of a dwarfer growth are associated with them; therefore they -should only be used when possessing special features either in flower -or foliage. Too many plants in a room are objectionable, because they -detract from rather than elevate or enhance the effect, especially if -the room is elaborately furnished. For instance, plants assigned to the -front hall or corridor would be unsuitable in a drawing room or boudoir.</p> - -<p>Another important matter to study is the various kinds of receptacles -provided for the use of plants. These vary in size and shape greatly, -but are generally of a fanciful, elaborate, and artistic design, and -the plants for these should be selected with the greatest care and -taste, so as to add a completeness and finish, and in no way hide or -diminish the effect of their appearance. I have often found, however, -a great difficulty in getting plants to go in them without taking -them out of the pots, and in many cases I have found it necessary to -reduce the ball of roots in order to fit the latter in properly. This -quite ruins the plant, for, in the case of choice or delicate growing -subjects, it is almost impossible for them to recover. But in order to -meet this difficulty, it is advisable to make a selection of plants, -grow them in suitable sized pots, and use them for no other purpose. -To do this it requires a sufficient number for three changes; say, if -twenty plants are required at one time, sixty should be grown, and -duplicates of all to be grown to follow on.</p> - -<p>The atmosphere of rooms is generally dry, though warm, and impregnated -with gas and other enemies to plant life. So different is all this to -the healthy atmosphere of a plant house, that it is necessary that -every plant used should have completed its growth, or some injury will -follow. Take the different varieties of adiantums, for instance. If -used for the decoration of rooms in a growing state, the young fronds -would most certainly be injured; yet, when properly prepared, there -are no more popular or suitable plants for the purpose, and they can -be grown to a useful size in small pots. Nephrolepis exaltata, though -not so choice as others, is a most handsome fern to use. Its long and -gracefully drooping fronds are an ornament in any position, while many -of the Pteris family have a fine and graceful appearance, and may be -used freely. Nice plants of Spiræa japonica with or without flowers are -very ornamental. The different sorts of lycopods make perfect plants -for small vases, as also do the artillery plant (Pilea muscosa) and -the little Caladium argyrites. In fact, there is no lack of either -foliage or flowering plants suitable for a tasteful arrangement either -in a drawing room or boudoir, while for more commodious places, such -as the entrance hall, corridor, or staircase, and where larger plants -are admissible, there is the beautiful Caladium esculentum, with noble -foliage and which stands well, several sorts of palms, the larger -fronded ferns, curculigo, Ficus elastica, Hibbertia volubilis, and the -calla or Ethiopian lily, all of which have a reputation for retaining -their beauty better than many others, and therefore should be grown -for the purpose. But to avoid as little injury as possible, frequent -changes are necessary, and it is a very good rule to water every -plant well before it is used, and when it again needs water change it -for another. Let all pots and plants be kept very clean, and avoid -letting the plants remain long enough to make growth in the different -positions, for such growth, when brought out to the light, is generally -very weak.—<i>Thomas Record, The Garden.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">142</a></span></p> - -<p class="chapter center noindent"><b>THE WAINWRIGHT HORIZONTAL FEED‐WATER HEATER.</b></p> - -<p>We illustrate herewith the Wainwright Horizontal Feed‐Water Heater, -adapted for use in a horizontal position under the floor of an engine -room, or where the head room is limited. The feed water enters at the -lower opening marked “feed,” fills the body of the heater, and having -been heated by the exhaust steam surrounding the tubes, passes to the -boiler at upper opening marked “feed,” the exhaust entering at either -end. A drip pipe, as shown, is provided for escape of the water of -condensation, and a hand hole for washing and cleaning. It will be -seen that this heater contains a large body of water well disposed to -receive heat, the tubes, being of corrugated copper, present 50 per -cent. increased heating surface over plain tubes of the same length, -while at the same time five times the strength is added, and owing to -their property of expansion and contraction, all danger of the ends -pulling out or the joints working and leaking is eliminated. This -property of expansion and contraction also prevents any accumulation of -scale and sediment.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus026a.jpg" width="500" height="229" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">HORIZONTAL FEED‐WATER HEATER.</p></div> - -<p>These heaters are manufactured by The Wainwright Mfg. Co., 65 Oliver -St., Boston.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="The_Charter_Gas_and_Gasoline_Engine"><span class="small">The Charter Gas and Gasoline Engine.</span></h3> - -<p>This gas engine, manufactured by the Williams & Orton Manufacturing -Company, of Sterling, Illinois, possesses various features that must -commend it to the attention of all interested in the production of -power from gas. It is characterized by great simplicity, having no -gearing, so that it is practically noiseless. It has a power and a -supply cylinder, one placed over the other, and each working or worked -by its own crank. An impulse is given at every revolution of the wheel, -and by the governing device the amount of gas consumed is regulated in -proportion to the work done. The ignition valve is easily accessible, -and needs no adjustment on starting the engine. It can be used either -for gas or gasoline. For the latter, a few drops are aspirated at each -stroke into the cylinder, where mingling with the air they form the -mixture for ignition. The gasoline can be kept in a tank outside the -building, and is subjected to no contact with the flame until it has -been thoroughly vaporized and has entered the working cylinder.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="AN_IMPROVED_DOUBLE_SURFACE_PLANER">AN IMPROVED DOUBLE SURFACE PLANER.</h3> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus026b.jpg" width="600" height="490" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">GLEASON’S DOUBLE SURFACE PLANER.</p></div> - -<p>A four‐roll machine that is simple and durable, and all geared with -the most improved extension gearing, is shown in the accompanying -illustration, as made by Messrs. E. & F. Gleason, manufacturers -of improved wood tools, American Street and Susquehanna Avenue, -Philadelphia, Pa. Both heads are driven with one counter, and only two -belts are required, the adjustment of bed and control of feed being -both on left‐hand side of machine, at B C, within immediate reach -of the operator. The bottom head is quite as easy of adjustment as -the top head, having large screws, F, one at each box, to regulate -cut or chip and keep it in line with bed and top head, both heads -having self‐oiling boxes. The machine will double‐surface stuff from -one‐eighth inch to six inches in thickness. It occupies a floor space -of about four feet by forty inches. The counter shaft has patent -self‐oiling hangers and patent self‐oiling loose pulleys.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Foundations_in_Wet_Ground"><span class="small">Foundations in Wet Ground.</span></h3> - -<p>A new method of making foundations in wet ground has been devised by M. -Bonnetond, a French military engineer. His plan is to bore a hole 10 -ft. or 12 ft. deep and 1½ ft. in diameter in the damp ground, and in -this a series of dynamite cartridges are placed, and finally exploded. -The expansion of the gases generated drives the water far out beyond -the sides of the hole, into which it does not return for at least -half an hour. The time thus gained is utilized in rapidly excavating -the cavity, which is then filled with a cement concrete, which sets -before the return of the water. The method has been adopted in the -construction of a fortified enceinte at Lyons, and is said to have led -to very rapid work.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="HOW_TO_MAKE_A_CHEERFUL_FIRESIDE">HOW TO MAKE A CHEERFUL FIRESIDE.</h3> - -<p>In the accompanying illustration is shown one of several forms of -arranging artificial sticks or logs in a fireplace for burning gas, -to give a close imitation of a blazing wood fire, which has been -patented and is made by Henry P. Dixon & Co, of 1330 Chestnut Street, -Philadelphia. Several other forms of logs and grouping are also made, -the sticks and the logs being colored to resemble wood, and having -fixed between them splints of asbestos, which become incandescent when -in use, so that when the gas is turned on and a match applied to the -small jets arranged to the best advantage over and between the logs, it -gives the appearance of a first class wood fire. These artificial logs -are made of material not injured by the flames, and are designed to -last a life‐time without cracking or breaking, the gas being supplied -through a brass union fixed in the back of each log, through which -connection can be readily made by rubber tubing or otherwise to the -nearest gas pipe. A good, cheerful fire, which makes neither dust, -dirt, nor ashes, is thus ever ready at hand and available by simply -turning on and lighting the gas, the flow of which is regulated as -desired.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus026c.jpg" width="400" height="268" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">ARTIFICIAL LOGS FOR FIREPLACES.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="The_Sounding_Board_in_St_Paul8217s_Cathedral"><span class="small">The Sounding Board in St. Paul’s Cathedral.</span></h3> - -<p>The form of the sounding board is, I think, a novelty, but I am led -to believe that it is an approach to the true form for the purpose. -Flat sounding boards have been most commonly tried, but they are now -generally discarded. A parabolic sounding board behind the preacher -has been used with a certain effect, but the advantage is limited to -those in the direction of the axis of the curve; and in these cases, -action and reaction being equal, the preacher can sometimes hear the -criticisms of his audience, if any should be uttered tolerably loud -in the proper direction. Besides which, a shell of this description -would have had little effect in stopping the objectionable echoes. To -meet these difficulties, a curve was selected which has the property -of distributing uniformly in every direction so much of the preacher’s -voice as can be advantageously reflected. The figure is hyperbolic, -the axis being perpendicular over the preacher. The diameter is ten -feet, and so much of the voice it receives is reflected as if it came -from a point about four feet from the preacher. It would be interesting -to know, but I am not aware that sufficient experiments have been -made to ascertain, what amount of sound is reflected from a given -material. The harder the material, obviously the better the result. -In this case hard organ pipe metal has been used. I observed a marked -increase of audibility of the voice at a place where the assistance -of the reflected sound is obtained over a point equidistant from the -pulpit, but too high to receive the reflected wave from the sounding -board.—<i>F. C. Penrose.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="THE_POPULAR_8220FORTUNE8221_HOT_AIR_FURNACE">THE POPULAR “FORTUNE” HOT AIR FURNACE.</h3> - -<p>A hot air furnace that is designed to include all the good elements -of the best styles of modern construction, and is especially adapted -for suburban houses, is shown in the accompanying illustration. -It is manufactured by Messrs. Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson & Co, of -Philadelphia, in four sizes, and has clinker‐cleaning, shaking, and -dumping grate, upright lever for shaking the grate, improved dust -flue and check draft, improved cylinder, with and without drum heads, -and extra large radiating surface, being durable and cheap, while -economical in use. These furnaces are made at a moderate price, without -any expense being put on for mere show, and thousands of them are in -use in nearly all parts of the country.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus026d.jpg" width="319" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE FORTUNE HEATER.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Not_Defective_Plumbing"><span class="small">Not Defective Plumbing.</span></h3> - -<p>It many times so happens that plumbing is found a ready excuse for -filthy people to place the blame upon “defective plumbing,” while -in reality it is other defects that are the real cause. There are -many things to take into consideration besides faulty plumbing. You -should ask yourself: Is your cellar pure? How many germs of disease -are lurking there because you have failed to properly drain and -ventilate it, and remove the decayed vegetation and other impurities? -And the well or spring; how much filth, unseen or unrealized though -it be, is permitted to enter there, until at last it enters your life -blood and becomes a part of your being, bringing you to an untimely -grave?—<i>Plumbers’ Trade Journal.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="AN_IMPROVED_HAND_AND_FOOT_POWER_BAND_SAW">AN IMPROVED HAND AND FOOT POWER BAND SAW.</h3> - -<p>A strong and well made band saw machine, to be run by foot or hand -power, is shown in the accompanying illustration, and is manufactured -by Messrs. J. M. Marston & Co., of No. 3 Appleton Street, Boston, Mass. -The table is 18 × 21 inches and 42 inches high, and is adjustable for -cutting on a bevel. There is an adjustable guide for the saw above and -below the table, the saw pulleys are 16 inches in diameter, and the -driving power is by means of gears, all shafts being of steel. The -upper saw pulley has an adjustment to tighten the saw and bring it in -line with the lower saw pulley. The power machines are from the same -pattern, and are arranged with driving shaft and pulley on lower part -of the frame, and tight and loose pulley on lower saw shaft, so that -it can be belted direct from main shafting without counter shaft. The -machine is a very easy‐working one, cutting some four times as fast as -a gig saw with less power.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus026e.jpg" width="285" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">MARSTON’S BAND SAW.</p></div> - -<p>The circular saw machine made by the same firm has its center part of -iron, with grooves planed for gauges to slide in, which allows very -fine and exact work to be done on the machine. There is a collar on -the arbor, so that any endwise wear can be taken up, and the gears are -accurately cut from solid iron. The aim of the manufacturers has been -to make a simple, strong, accurate, and durable machine, such as can be -put to hard work without injury, some of their saws having been in use -for fifteen years without needing repairs.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">i</a></span></p> - -<h3 class="chapter" id="Superior_Copper_Weather_Vanes">Superior <span class="larger sansserif"><b>Copper Weather Vanes</b></span></h3> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>GILDED WITH PURE GOLD.</b></span><br /> -<b>TOWER ORNAMENTS, CHURCH CROSSES, FINIALS, ETC.</b></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027a.jpg" width="300" height="430" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">N E W S</p> -</div> - -<p class="center">Vanes made from any Drawing or Design on Short Notice.</p> - -<p class="center noindent larger"><b>T. W. JONES,</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent">SUCCESSOR TO<br /> -<span class="large"><b>CHAS. C. BRIGGS,</b></span><br /> - <span class="large"><b>V. W. BALDWIN,</b></span><br /> -Removed from 213 Pearl Street to<br /> -<span class="larger"><b>168 Front Street,</b></span><br /> -Near Maiden Lane,<br /> -<span class="larger">NEW YORK.</span></p> - -<p class="noindent">Illustrated catalogue of over 250 designs, mailed to any address on -receipt of a two cent stamp, half the postage.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3><span class="sansserif">GEO. W. MARBLE, Sole Manufacturer of</span> THE ACME WRENCH.</h3> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027b.jpg" width="400" height="120" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">ACME<br /> -PAT. REG.<br /> -27. 83.</p></div> - -<p>The best made, all steel, and warranted, 8 sizes.<br /> -<span class="add4em">28 to 32 South Canal Street, Chicago, U. S. A.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="DEXTER_BROTHERS_ENGLISH_SHINGLE_STAINS">DEXTER BROTHERS’ ENGLISH SHINGLE STAINS</h3> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027j.jpg" width="600" height="364" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">H. W. Hartwell & Wm. C. Richardson. Archts.<br /> -Boston Mass</span></p></div> - -<p class="noindent">Are made of the very best English Ground Colors, and contain no -benzine, water, or creosote. They have been thoroughly tested by some -of the best Architects in the country during the past three or four -years, and the colors are more lasting than any other stain. The price -is 75 cents a gallon for any color. We would advise Architects to -specify Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stain, and note the number on -the Sample boards. Send for Sample Boards of Colors. DEXTER BROTHERS, -55 and 57 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3><span class="sansserif larger">ARCHITECTS</span></h3> - -<p class="center">SHOULD ALWAYS SPECIFY</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027l.jpg" width="400" height="176" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Mueller’s WATER PRESSURE Regulators</p></div> - -<p class="noindent">to insure against the bursting of pipes and to preserve a uniform -pressure throughout the building. Write for illustrated catalogue and prices.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"> -<b>H. MUELLER & SONS,<br /> -220 and 222 East Main St., Decatur, Ill.</b> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="COMPETITION">COMPETITION.</h3> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="largest smcap sansserif"><b>School Houses.</b></span></p> -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="competition"> -<tr> -<th class="tdr" colspan="2">[At Albany, N. Y.]</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">State of New York</span>,</td> -<td class="center giantm" rowspan="4">⎫ <br />⎪ <br />⎬ <br />⎪ <br />⎭ </td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">Department of Public Instruction</span>, </td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">Superintendent’s Office</span>, </td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">Albany</span>, N. Y., September 20, 1887. </td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p class="center nomargin">Plans and specifications for school‐houses.</p> - -<p class="nomargin">Architects are invited to submit competition plans for six school -buildings, for which $975 is offered in prizes. Time of competition -limited <b>to December 15, 1887</b>.</p> - -<p class="nomargin">For further particulars address A. S. DRAPER,<br /> -<span class="add4em">State Superintendent,</span> Albany, N. Y.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> -<h3>ALL OUR FURNACES ARE</h3> -<p class="center"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>ABSOLUTELY</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest">Gas Tight</span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="sansserif"><b>Constructed with Simplicity & Economy.<br /> Healthy, Pure Warm Air. -No Flues<br /> to Stop Up. No Mechanic<br /> Required Every Year to<br /> Put Them in -Order.</b></span></p> - -<p class="indent"><span class="smaller">Has more radiating surface than any Hot Air Furnaces made. Every -Joint is a Steam Boiler Joint. Adapted for Heating Dwellings, Stores, -Churches, School‐houses, etc.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">MANUFACTURED BY</span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Klein Furnace Co.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>250 and 254 North Ave., Rochester, N. Y.</b></span> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027c.jpg" width="277" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="center">Klein’s Steel Plate Tubular Furnaces.</p></div> - -<p class="center nomargin">Also Mfrs. of Economist Steel Plate Ranges.</p> - -<p class="indent">☞See them and you will buy no other Warm Air Furnace. Every Heater -Warranted.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="Architects_Builders_and_House_Owners">Architects, ✠ Builders, ✠ and House ✠ Owners</h3> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027d.jpg" width="200" height="169" alt="cable section" /> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027e.jpg" width="300" height="204" alt="cable section" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="small">Should use our <b>Lead Covered Electric Conductors and Cables</b> for -circuits for Electric Call Bells, Annunciators, Electric Gas Lighting, -Incandescent Lighting, or for communication between Residence and -Stable, etc., and avoid the vexation and inconvenience of broken, -leaky, or grounded circuits. Our Cables are moisture proof and can -be embedded in the plaster walls, while the flat cable is specially -adapted for arranging along the wainscoting, and staining to match. -They are permanent, reliable, and economical.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027f.jpg" width="200" height="194" alt="cable section" /> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027g.jpg" width="200" height="199" alt="cable section" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">Standard Underground Cable Co.</span><br /> -GENERAL OFFICES:<br /> -<span class="large"><b>No. 708 PENN AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA.</b></span><br /> -<b>Branch Offices:</b></p> -<p class="noindent"><span class="smaller">Telephone Building, Cortlandt St., New York. G. L. Wiley, Manager.<br /> -139 East Madison Street, Chicago. F. E. Dehenhardt, Manager.</span></p> - -<p class="center">MANUFACTURERS OF</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>The WARING ANTI‐INDUCTION and BUNCHED CABLES, and<br /> -ACHESON COMPOUND CABLE.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center">For Telegraph, Telephone, Electric Light and Power, Underground, -Submarine, and Aerial.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Light Leaded Cables (containing one or more conductors) for use in -Houses, or for connecting Residence and Stable.</b></p> - -<p class="center"><i>Insulated Line Wire, Underwriters’, Magnet, Annunciator, and Office -Wire.</i></p> - -<p class="center"> -All Work Guaranteed.<span class="add4em"> -☞Send for Illustrated Circular.☜</span> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 class="chapter" id="JAMES_F_WOOD_CO">JAMES F. WOOD & CO.</h3> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027i.jpg" width="402" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption h">PATENTEES AND MANUFACTURERS OF THE GREAT AMERICAN PIPE COVERING<br /> -FOR<br /> -HOT‐AIR PIPES<br /> -STEAM GAS AND WATER<br /> -PIPES<br /> -FRONT AND ORANGE STS<br /> -WILMINGTON, DEL.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027h.jpg" width="526" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">PATENTED IN UNITED STATES AND CANADA</p></div> - -<p>These coverings beyond question are the best non‐conductors of heat -known to the scientific world. They are easily applied, very durable, -and <b>indestructible</b>. Recommended by Engineers and Architects.</p> - -<p class="caption noindent"> -<span class="u">INSULATION OF HEAT.</span><span class="add4em u">PROTECTION AGAINST FROST.</span><br /> -<span class="u">FREEDOM FROM RATS, MICE, AND INSECTS.</span></p> - -<p>Many good Heaters have been condemned and thrown away for not giving -a supply of hot air, when the fault was in the uncovered pipes in the -cellar wasting the heat, which could have been saved with J. F. Wood & -Co.’s Great American Pipe Covering.</p> - -<p>It sends the heat where wanted. It protects the woodwork near from -fire. It is a great saving in fuel. It prevents water and gas pipes -from freezing. It prevents the condensation of steam. Fire and -water have no effect on them. <i>They do not powder down, char, nor -crack.</i> They are cleanly in application. They are neat and regular -in appearance. They are applied to pipes without the use of paste or -cement of any kind. <b>Send for Catalogue and Price List.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus027k.jpg" width="306" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Solar Iron Clad.<br /> -<span class="smallest">E Rogers. Phila’</span></p></div> - -<p>This is a Cast Iron Casing, lined with tin or galvanized iron, to -prevent direct radiation of heat in cellar; four loose panels lift out, -so as to give access to furnace for repairs or renewal, if necessary, -without disturbing the Hot Air Pipes; it has sliding panels for feed -door and smoke pipe to allow for expansion; it has also a dust flue and -flue door for Damper. We claim this to be the most complete, durable, -and convenient cold case made, equal in efficiency to Brick set, with -much less room required and less expensive, besides the facility for -access for repairs, without requiring, as in a brick set, so large -a space to work in. It is much superior to the ordinary sheet iron -casing, both for durability and efficiency. It is not necessary to -remove the casing or Hot Air Pipe to clean out, or repair, or even -renew or change the heater.</p> - -<p class="sans"><span class="largest">The Leibrandt & McDowell Stove Co.,</span><br /> -<span class="small">PHILADELPHIA and BALTIMORE.</span></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">ii</a></span></p> - -<h3 class="chapter" id="L_MANASSE"><span class="largest">L. MANASSE,</span></h3> - -<p class="center noindent">IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER,</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>88 Madison Street, Chicago, Ill.</b></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028a.jpg" width="500" height="309" alt="drawing tools" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent">ARCHITECTS’ AND SURVEYORS’ SUPPLIES.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Drawing Tools, Papers, Tapes, Chains, Colors, Inks, etc.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Improved LEVELS for Builders and Tiling.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Illustrated Catalogues Sent on Application.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3><span class="largest sansserif">The GREAT CHURCH LIGHT</span></h3> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028b.jpg" width="300" height="383" alt="" /> -<p class="caption h">Established 1857.</p></div> - -<p><b>FRINK’S Patent Reflectors</b>, for Gas or Oil, give the most -<b>powerful, softest, cheapest and best</b> light known for Churches, -Stores, Show Windows, Banks, Theatres, Depots, etc. New and elegant -designs. Send size of room. Get circular and estimate. A liberal -discount to churches and the trade. <b>Don’t be deceived by cheap -imitations.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>I. P. FRINK, 551 Pearl St., N. Y.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3><span class="largest sansserif">THE “IDEAL”</span><br /> -<span class="normal">PATENT TILE‐LINED BATH‐TUB.</span></h3> -<p class="center noindent">Perfection of Cleanliness and Durability.<br /> -<span class="larger">SHARPLESS & WATTS, Patentees,</span><br /> -<span class="small">BAKER BUILDING,</span><br /> -<b>1524 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA.</b><br /> -Send for Illustrated Circular and References.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028c.jpg" width="600" height="589" alt="" /> -<p class="caption noindent"> -<b>CHICAGO<br /> -ANDERSON</b><br /> -PRESSED BRICK CO.<br /> -189 & 191 La Salle St.,<br /> -<b>CHICAGO, ILL.</b><br /> -Front & Ornamental<br /> -<b>Pressed Brick.</b></p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028d.jpg" width="467" height="500" alt="leveling instrument" /> -</div> - -<p>The latest improved, <i>i.e.</i>, the boss to Engineers, Architects, -Builders, Contractors, Farmers, and all others requiring a low price -Leveling Instrument for grading, measuring heights, squaring, or -getting any desired angle. Descriptive circulars furnished on receipt -of stamp.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"> -<b>JOHN W. HARMON,<br /> -65 Haverhill Street, Boston, Mass.</b><br /> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus028e.jpg" width="75" height="185" alt="ornamental brick" /> -</div> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus028f.jpg" width="103" height="185" alt="ornamental brick" /> -</div> - -<p class="sans">ORNAMENTAL BRICK</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Brick and Terra‐Cotta furnished from any design.<br /> -Bricks for Arches ground to suit any radius.<br /> -Equal in Quality and Color to Philadelphia Brick.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"> -<b>JAMES H. BEGGS & CO.,<br /> -Wilmington, Del.</b></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028g.jpg" width="500" height="160" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"> -H. W. JOHNS’<br /> -TRADEMARK ASBESTOS<br /> -LIQUID PAINTS. -</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent">Asbestos Roofing, Building Felt,<br /> -Steam Packings, Boiler Coverings,<br /> -Fire Proof Paints, Cements, Etc.<br /> -Samples and Descriptive Price Lists Free.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif">H. W. JOHNS MF’G CO., 87 MAIDEN LANE, N. Y.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus028h.jpg" width="250" height="166" alt="desk" /> -</div> - -<p class="sans"><span class="larger"> -Fine Office & Bank -Fittings</span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif">BRASS & WIRE WORK.<br /> -A. H. ANDREWS & CO. 195 Wabash -Ave., Chicago, and 686 Broadway, N. Y.</span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus028i.jpg" width="250" height="222" alt="house" /> -</div> - -<p class="sans"><span class="larger">COSY HOMES!</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>How to Build Them.</b></p> - -<p class="nomargin">Contains <b>96</b> pages, showing complete designs of <b>10</b> -low‐cost houses, with valuable information for those who wish to build -economically. Post‐paid on receipt of price. <b>25c.</b></p> - -<p class="nomargin"> -<b>F. L. SMITH</b>, Architect, 22 School St., <b>Boston</b>. -</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028j.jpg" width="500" height="96" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SEAMLESS -BRASS & COPPER TUBES, -SHEET BRASS, BRASS WIRE<br /> -FINE TOOLS, TAPS, -DRILLS, VISES -CHUCKS<br /> -CHARLES H. -BESLY & CO. -175–177 LAKE ST. CHICAGO.<br /> -SEND FOR CATALOGUE</p></div> - -<p class="nomargin">Mention this paper.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="chapter center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>STEWART’S</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>MACHINE‐WAXED</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest"><b>SHEATHING.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif"><b>Absolutely Water‐proof, Air‐proof and Decay‐proof.</b></span><br /> -<b>ODORLESS AND PERFECTLY CLEAN TO HANDLE.</b><br /> -<span class="small"><b><i>The Cheapest and Best in the Market.</i></b></span></p> - -<p class="sans">FOR LINING BUILDINGS UNDER CLAPBOARDS, SHINGLES, SLATE OR TIN.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Put up in rolls containing 650 square feet each, and at the low price<br /> -of $2.00 per roll (less than one‐third of a cent per square foot).</p> - -<p class="sans">SAMPLES FREE BY MAIL.</p> - -<p class="sans"><span class="large">W. H. STEWART, 74 Cortlandt Street, New York.</span></p> - -<p><b>Send for Samples and Illustrated Pamphlet of STEWART’S PATENT -LAP‐SEAL READY ROOFING and IRON‐FIBRE PAINTS.</b> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="boxp8em"> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>THE STAR VENTILATORS</b></span><br /> -<b>ARE SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS.</b></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus028k.jpg" width="100" height="144" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">PATENTED<br /> -TRADE MARK</p></div> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus028l.jpg" width="100" height="132" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SECTIONAL VIEW</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent">The ventilating area is greater than any other -that is storm‐proof.<br /> -<b>HANDSOME, NOISELESS, DURABLE, STORM‐PROOF, -SIMPLE, CHEAP.</b></p> - -<p>After competitive trial, have been adopted by the United States -Government for their light houses in this district. Received the only -Award of Merit at the Pennsylvania State Fair, 1886. Recommended by -the leading Architects, and always adopted wherever it is put in -competition with any other for curing gassy and smoking chimneys, and -ventilating Factories, Light houses, Schools, Churches, Dye Houses, -Cotton and Woolen Mills, Cars, Residences, Bath‐rooms or Water‐closets.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Prices and special discounts named on application.</b><br /> -<b>MERCHANT & CO.,</b><br /> -GENERAL MANAGERS,<br /> -Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, London.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028m.jpg" width="600" height="140" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">CREOSOTE WOOD STAINS.<br /> -FOR SHINGLES, FENCES, CLAPBOARDS ETC.<br /> -PRICE<br /> -30ᶜ. 50ᶜ. & 75ᶜ. PER GALL.<br /> -ACCORDING TO COLOR.<br /> -VERY DURABLE AND ARTISTIC.<br /> - -FOR SAMPLES ON WOOD & CIRCULARS SEND TO<br /> - -SAM’L CABOT SOLE MANFR. 70 KILBY ST. BOSTON.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028n.jpg" width="600" height="143" alt="Woodworking Machines" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>FOOT‐POWER MACHINERY.</b></span><br /> -<b>COMPLETE OUTFITS for CONTRACTORS and BUILDERS.</b></p> -<p class="noindent">Machines for ripping, cross‐cutting, scroll‐sawing, mortising and -tenoning, forming edges, grooving, gaining, rabbeting, cutting dadoes, -and turning. Builders use our Hand Circular Rip Saw for the greater -portion of their ripping in preference to carting their lumber to a -mill five minute’s drive from their shops. The same is true in regard -to scroll sawing, mortising, tenoning, cutting stuff for drawers, -boxes, etc. Builders using these machines can bid lower and save more -money from their contracts than by any other means.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028opq.jpg" width="368" height="150" alt=":Woodworking Machines" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Read the Following Letters from Builders:</b></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Clarence F. Lee</span>, carpenter and builder, Morristown, N. J., -says: “I have had one of your Hand Circular Rip‐Saws for about three -months, and am much pleased with it. Have done the ripping for 15 -houses in that time, which is over forty miles through inch boards. -Have ripped as high as 3‐inch plank. Table is also good for rabbeting; -having rabbeted all jambs and sawed all drips for 200 windows.”</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Alex. Shields</span>, Lima, Ohio, says: “A few days since we had some -150 small drawers to make for a drug store; the steam power mill wanted -50 cents each for making them. With my foot power machinery I made -them, and saved $25 above good wages on the job.</p> - -<p>If desired, these machines will be sold <span class="large sansserif"><b>ON TRIAL</b>.</span></p> - -<p>The purchaser can have ample time to test them in his own shop and on -the work he wishes them to do. Descriptive Catalogue and Price List -Free.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>W. F. & JOHN BARNES CO., No. 567 ... Ruby St., Rockford, Ill.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>CHAS E LITTLE,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>59 FULTON ST.</b></span><br /> -New York.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Silver Medal on Tools Awarded by Amer. Inst. 1886. Medal “Superiority” for</p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif larger"><b>W. F. & J. Barnes’ Workshop MACHINERY.</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif"><b>New York Agency.</b></span><span class="add4em sansserif"><b>Factory Prices.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="sans"><span class="larger">Patent Foot Power Machinery!</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">The Latest and Most Improved</span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>Scroll Saws, Circular Saws, Lathes, Mortisers, Etc.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028rs.jpg" width="600" height="496" alt="mortiser and circular saw" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif large"><b>THE “ACME” CIRCULAR SAW.</b></span><br /> -<b>For Foot or Hand Power.</b></p> - -<p>Suitable for various kinds of work, in Cutting‐off, Ripping, -Mitring, Rabbeting, and Grooving, and with the addition of the extra -attachments, Scroll Sawing, Boring, etc.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Price, with two 7‐inch Saws, $40.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>“Diamond” Mortising Machine.</b></span></p> - -<p>Will mortise ¼ to 1 inch wide, 3 inches deep, and with the addition -of the Diamond Adjustable Tenoning Tool, cut Tenons ⅛ to ¾ in. -thick, 3 in. wide.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Price, with 3 chisels, $25.</b><br /> -<b>Machines on Trial. Catalogue Free.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif larger"><b>Seneca Falls Mfg. Co.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif">276 Water Street,<br /> -SENECA FALLS, N. Y.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028t.jpg" width="299" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"> -THE<br /> -NEW YORK<br /> -SELF ACTING<br /> -SHADE ROLLER<br /> -THE BEST ON THE MARKET<br /> -MADE IN TIN AND WOOD<br /> -EVERY ROLLER WARRANTED -</p> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent">MANUFACTURED BY<br /> -<span class="sansserif larger"><b>CUSHMAN BROS. & CO.,</b></span><br /> -<b>BOSTON, MASS.</b><br /> -<b>All Shades and Upholstery Goods at -Bottom Prices.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="sans"><span class="larger">LYON & HEALY</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028uv.jpg" width="466" height="395" alt="trumpeter and drummer" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap sansserif"><b>State & Monroe Sts., Chicago,</b></span> will mail, free, their newly -enlarged Catalogue of Band Instruments, Uniforms and Equipments. 400 -Fine Illustrations describing every article required by Bands or Drum -Corps, including Repairing Materials, Trimmings, etc.</p> - -<p>Contains Instructions for Amateur Bands, Exercises and Scales, Drum -Major’s Tactics, By‐Laws, and a Selected List of Band Music.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus028w.jpg" width="252" height="500" alt="camera equipment" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger"><i><b>591 Broadway, N. Y.</b></i></span></p> - -<p> -Manufacturers and Importers of -<span class="larger sansserif">PHOTOGRAPHIC -INSTRUMENTS</span>, -<span class="sansserif">Apparatus and Supplies</span>, -OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. -</p> - -<p>Sole Proprietors of the <b>Patent Detective</b>, <b>Fairy</b>, -<b>Novel</b>, and <b>Bicycle Cameras</b>, and the <b>Celebrated Stanley -Dry Plates</b>.</p> - -<p><b>Amateur Outfits</b> in great variety from $9.00 upward. Send for -Catalogue or call and examine.</p> - -<p>☞<i>More than Forty Years Established in this line of business.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb nofloat" /> - -<p class="center noindent">ESTABLISHED 1854.<br /> -<span class="sansserif larger"><b>DEVINE’S STEAM BOILER WORKS,</b></span><br /> -Marine, Locomotive, Tubular, House, and<br /> -<span class="sansserif largest"><b>GREENHOUSE BOILERS.</b></span><br /> -<span class="large">WROUGHT IRON HOT WATER BOILERS A SPECIALTY.</span><br /> -Manufactory, 381 to 393 S. Canal Street, Chicago.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus028x.jpg" width="600" height="458" alt="greenhouse boiler" /> -</div> - -<p>The above cut is of Greenhouse Boiler, meeting with universal success -wherever placed. Estimates gladly furnished for any capacity.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>PETER DEVINE,</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>387 S. CANAL ST., CHICAGO.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus028y.jpg" width="57" height="250" alt="automatic air valve" /> -</div> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus028z.jpg" width="58" height="250" alt="automatic air valve" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>AUTOMATIC AIR VALVE.</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent">For STEAM COILS and RADIATORS</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Direct and Indirect.</b></p> - -<p><span class="sansserif"><b>Most Simple and Reliable Air Valve Made. Nothing to Get Out of Order. -Has No Movable Piece. No Loose Thimbles to Fly Off. Every Valve is -Thoroughly Tested, and Warranted to Give Satisfaction.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Manufactured by</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>Thos. L. McKeen,</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>EASTON, PA.</b></span> -</p> - -<hr class="tb nofloat" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">iii</a></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>Brick Making Machinery.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029a.jpg" width="600" height="159" alt="brick making machine" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif large"><b>MACHINES OF 10,000, 25,000, 50,000 BRICKS PER DAY CAPACITY.</b></span><br /> - -<span class="small">ERECTED SUBJECT TO TRIAL AND APPROVAL.</span><br /> - -<span class="large"><b>CHAMBERS, BROTHER & CO.,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"> -<b>PHILADELPHIA,</b> <span class="add4em"><b>Fifty‐second St., below Lancaster Ave.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029bc.jpg" width="600" height="107" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE HERCULES.<br /> -TRADE MARK<br /> -PATᴰ JUNE 12, 1883</p></div> - -<p>Section of <b>Copper‐Wire‐Sewed Light Double Belting</b>, specially -adapted to use on cone pulleys and other hard places. Manufactured -by the <b>PAGE BELTING CO., Concord, N. H.</b> Also manufacturers of -Staple and Special Grades of Leather Belting and the “HERCULES” Lacing.<br /> -☞ Send for Catalogue No. 23.☜</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"> -<b>WOODWORKING MACHINERY,<br /> -PLANERS AND MATCHERS,<br /> -PONY PLANERS,</b></span><br /> -<b>Hand Matchers, Solid Plate and SEGMENT RE‐SAWS.</b> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029de.jpg" width="600" height="261" alt="woodworking machines" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>CONNELL & DENGLER, Rochester, N. Y.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029f.jpg" width="500" height="187" alt="" /> -<p class="caption noindent">(Iron Beam Protection. Patented June 3, 1884.)</p></div> - -<p class="sans">HENRY MAURER & SON,</p> - -<p class="center noindent">MANUFACTURERS OF</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>FIRE‐PROOF MATERIAL</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small">Of every description. Hollow Brick made of Clay for Flat Arches, -Partitions, Furring, etc. Porous Terra Cotta, <b>Fire Bricks</b>, etc., -etc.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Office and Depot, 420 East 23d St., New York.</b><br /> -WORKS, PERTH AMBOY, N. J.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>WOODWORKING</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>MACHINERY</b></span><br /> -FOR<br /> -<b>Chair, Furniture and -Cabinet Mills, Pattern -Makers’ use, etc.</b></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029g.jpg" width="400" height="334" alt="woodworking machine" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>Rollstone Machine Co.</b></span><br /> -<b>48 Water St., Fitchburg, Mass.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">FINE TAPS AND DIES.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029h.jpg" width="500" height="84" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">LIGHTNING</p></div> - -<p><span class="small">Lightning and Green River Screw Plates. Bolt Cutters, hand and power. -Drilling Machines, Punching Presses, Tire Benders, Tire Upsetters and -other Labor Saving Tools. Send for Price List C.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Wiley & Russell Mfg. Co., Greenfield, Mass.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">BRAY & BRECK,</span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Stained Glass Works,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">35 and 37 Province St.,</span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">BOSTON, MASS.</span></p> -<p class="center noindent">SEND FOR</p> -<p class="center noindent"><b>Illustrated Catalogue and Price List.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif">J. M. STUTZMAN, 181 William St., New York.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029i.jpg" width="500" height="228" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">STEEL NAME STAMPS</p></div> - -<p>Steel Alphabets and Tool Stamps. Stencil Cutting, Dies, Burning Brands, -Door Plates, Soap Moulds, Seals, &c.</p> - -<p>Liberal discount to Agents.</p> - -<p>Price for Tool Stamps, 15 cents per letter up to ⅛ in. Postage, 10 -cents additional per stamp.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="sans"><span class="larger">AIR BRUSH.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029jk.jpg" width="500" height="189" alt="air brush and franklin institute medal" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="small">Received Gold Medal Franklin Institute. A legitimate artists’ and -draughtsmen’s tool. Applies color by a jet of air. Greatly economizes -time in mechanical, engineering and architectural draughting. Send for -description.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>AIR BRUSH MFG. CO.<br /> -80 Nassau St., Rockford, Ill.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029l.jpg" width="600" height="321" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">RICHMOND WEATHER STRIP CO.<br /> -MANUFACTURERS OF<br /> -ROWLETT’S INDEPENDENT<br /> -AUTOMATIC COUNTER‐BALANCED<br /> -WEATHER STRIP.</p> - -<p>AWARDED BRONZE MEDAL AT CINCINNATI INDUSTRIAL -(EXPOSITION 1884.)</p> - -<p class="caption">HAS NO SPRINGS, TRIGGERS OR CIRCLE IRONS; POSITIVE ACTION; CANNOT GET -OUT OF ORDER; FITS ANY DOOR.</p> - -<p>AGENTS WANTED IN EVERY CITY AND TOWN IN THE U. S. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. -SAMPLE STRIP. PREPAID TO ANY PERSON ON RECEIPT OF $1.00. ADDRESS</p> - -<p class="caption"> -RICHMOND WEATHER STRIP CO. RICHMOND, IND.<br /> -P. O. BOX 282. FACTORY 217 N. 6TH STREET.</p> - -<p>MENTION THIS PAPER.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent" id="mallory"><span class="larger">MALLORY’S</span><br /> -<span class="largest">STANDARD SHUTTER WORKER</span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus029m.jpg" width="300" height="411" alt="shutter worker" /> -</div> - -<p>Opens and closes the blinds without raising the window.</p> -<p>Automatically locks the blinds in any position.</p> -<p>Best and cheapest blind hinge.</p> -<p>Incomparable for strength, durability, and power.</p> -<p class="noindent">Can be applied to old or new houses, of brick, stone, or wood.</p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller"><b>Send for Illustrated Catalogue to</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger">Frank B. Mallory,</span><br /> -<b>FLEMINGTON, NEW JERSEY, or<br /> -60 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK.</b></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029no.jpg" width="600" height="298" alt="ornate glass panels" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent">EDWIN LEE BROWN, Pres’t.</p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">The Western Sand Blast Co.,</span><br /> -Ornamenters of Glass for<br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>VESTIBULE DOORS,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large">TRANSOMS,</span><br /> -<span class="largest">BANK & OFFICE COUNTERS,</span><br /> -——<span class="smaller">AND</span>——<br /> -Manufacturers of Advertising Glass Signs.</p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><i>Sand Blast & Embossed Railroad Glass a specialty.</i></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>N. W. Cor. Clinton & Jackson Sts.,</b><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>CHICAGO, ILL.</b></span><br /> -Telephone 4085.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029pq.jpg" width="600" height="304" alt="ornate glass panels" /> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029r.jpg" width="259" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">WILLER’S -PATENT -SLIDING -BLIND<br /> - -WILLIAM WILLER, SOLE MFR.<br /> -MILWAUKEE WIS.<br /> -SEND FOR CATALOGUE</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Clark’s New Drying Exhaust and Ventilating Fans,</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger"><b>PATENT ADJUSTABLE WINGS.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029s.jpg" width="442" height="500" alt="ventilation fan" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>Capacity Quickly Increased or Diminished.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif"><b>Self‐Oiling Bearings.</b></span> <span class="sansserif"><b>Light Running.</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>Durable.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">PRICE LIST FREE.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>GEO. P. CLARK, (Box A), Windsor Locks, Ct.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="boxp4em"> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>GLASS</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif"><b>PHILLIP SEMMER & COMPANY.</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif larger"><b>PLATE, SHEET & LOOKING GLASS Depot</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>No 4, 6, 8 & 10 DESBROSSES. ST.</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif larger"><b>NEW YORK.</b></span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS.</b></span></p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>HAYDEN BROTHERS,</b></span><br /> - -<span class="larger u"><b>Hardwood Lumber,</b></span><br /> - -<span class="larger"><b>MAHOGANY AND VENEERS,</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029t.jpg" width="600" height="356" alt="" /> -<p class="caption noindent">LUMBER DRYING A SPECIALTY,</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>22d and Jefferson Streets, </b><span class="add4em"><b>CHICAGO.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">THORN SHINGLE & ORNAMENT CO.,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small">SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif large"><b>The Best and Cheapest Metallic Roofing</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">TILES AND SHINGLES</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif"><b>YET OFFERED TO THE BUILDING TRADE.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus029u.jpg" width="500" height="362" alt="shingle" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smaller">The Horseshoe Spring‐Lock Shingle (Patten’s Patent) just out. This -Shingle can be put on in one‐half the time it requires with any other -shingle now in the market. Is cheap, durable, secure, thoroughly -water‐tight and makes a good appearance as a roof covering. Two (2) -sizes.</span></p> - -<p class="nomargin"><span class="large">THORN’S PATENT ROOFING and WALL TILES, </span><span class="smaller">the most perfect and Unique -Roof, Gable, Tower, and Wall covering, yet produced in metal. On the -roof in appearance they are like terra cotta earthen tiles, and are -better, and half the cost. Four (4) designs or sizes are made.</span></p> - -<p class="nomargin"><span class="smaller">All the above goods are packed a square to the box and delivered f.o.b. -cars in Philadelphia.</span></p> - -<p class="nomargin"><span class="smaller">For particulars, price lists, etc., address</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>THORN SHINGLE & ORNAMENT CO.</b> <span class="add4em small"><b>12th & Callowhill Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">iv</a></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>THE PULLMAN SASH BALANCE.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030a.jpg" width="600" height="441" alt="window sash balance" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b><i>A MORE PERFECT and ECONOMICAL<br /> -Balance than Weights and Cords.<br /> -Works smoother and easier<br /> -than any other device.</i></b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>No Boxes or Pockets in Frame necessary.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b><i>IT IS ADJUSTABLE.</i></b></span></p> - -<p>Made entirely of steel. The best coil spring is used, it being encased -in a drawn steel drum, and a metallic tape fastened on outside of drum -to operate sash.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>Is very compact, occupying space required for ordinary sash -pulley.</b></span></p> - -<p class="nomargin">This Balance entirely overcomes the difficulty of friction occasioned -by counter weights.</p> - -<p class="nomargin"><i>It relieves the entire heft of sash.</i> A 75 to 100 lb. sash works -as easily as a very light one. Applied to old windows as readily as to -new, without altering frame or sash. <b>Will last a lifetime.</b></p> - -<p class="nomargin">The Pullman Balance is being introduced to all the leading Architects -and Builders in the country, and they pronounce them far superior to -the old method.</p> - -<p><b>Send for Description and Prices.</b></p> - -<p>☞ <i>A fair discount to the Hardware trade.</i></p> - -<p class="center noindent">PULLMAN SASH BALANCE CO., <span class="smcap">Rochester</span>, N. Y.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent">——<span class="large"><b>THE</b></span>——<br /> -<span class="largest"><b>Standard Wood Turning Co.</b></span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus030b.jpg" width="40" height="400" alt="baluster" /> -</div> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus030c.jpg" width="40" height="400" alt="baluster" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">58 BAY STREET,</span><br /> -<span class="large">Jersey City, N. J.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>MACHINE‐TURNED<br /> -BALUSTERS</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent">Various Sizes and Patterns Dovetailed ready for use, with Tait’s Patent -Dovetail.</p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">PEDESTAL and TURNED NEWELS.</span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>STAIR RAILS,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent">Of all dimensions, worked, ready to put up.</p> -<p>Send 4c. Stamp for our 32‐page Catalogue, containing 200 Illustrations -of Balusters, Pedestal Newels, Brackets, Drops, etc.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus030d.jpg" width="42" height="400" alt="baluster" /> -</div> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus030e.jpg" width="40" height="400" alt="baluster" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">ANDERSON & DICKEY</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Architectural Wood Turning</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent">——AND——</p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>Spiral Moulding,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>43 Bristol Street</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>BOSTON, MASS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">All kinds of Newels, Stair Posts, Balusters, Rails, Table and Chair -Legs, etc.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Wood Mantels, Office Fittings, Interior Decorations, etc.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Rope Moulding and Twist Screen Work, etc. Architects’ Designs a -specialty.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Estimates given. Send 2‐cent stamp for illustrated catalogue.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>No. 11 PLANER & MATCHER</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030f.jpg" width="500" height="419" alt="planer" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Double Belted and Geared Lower Rolls.</b></p> - -<p>Special Machinery for Car Work and the latest improved Woodworking -Machinery of all kinds.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>C. B. ROGERS & CO.</b></span><br /> -<b>Norwich, Conn.</b><br /> -<span class="large"><b>109 Liberty Street,</b></span><br /> -<b>New York.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>CHARTER’S GAS ENGINE.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">The safest, most reliable and economical Motor in existence.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Independent of Gas Works and Machines.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent">So it can be used <i>anywhere</i>.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030g.jpg" width="391" height="386" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">2 to 25 H. P.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>Makes its Own Gas</b></span><br /> -AT COST OF ABOUT<br /> -<span class="large"><b>65 cents per M Feet.</b></span></p> - -<p>A Saving of 25 to 85 per cent guaranteed over all other Gas Engines.</p> - -<p class="noindent">Chicago Agent: <span class="smcap">H. H. Latham</span>, -42 Dearborn Street.</p> - -<p class="noindent">New York House: -12 Cortlandt Street.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Williams & Orton Mfg. Co.</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>P. O. Box 148.</b></span><span class="add4em large"><b>STERLING, ILL.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>Shimer’s Variety Moulder, with</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest"><b>Surface Moulding Attachment.</b></span></p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>FOR SINKING</b></span> panels with pattern guided by pin that automatically -takes its position when you start the Machine, and drops out of the way -when you stop it. The Cutter in the overhanging arm of the Machine has -a perpendicular adjustment of one inch, and is operated by the handle -shown in the cut attached to an eccentric lever that is automatically -locked to the one position when at work.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>TO CHANGE</b></span> from Surface Moulder to Variety Moulder, disconnect -the rod that runs the incline on the T lever and pin it up. Run the -housing up by means of the hand wheel until it stands above the belt -line, remove the one spindle, substitute the other and set screw it -to the housing. Turn the small table back under the arm. Raise the -arm, disconnect the shaft that runs the upper pulley, and the Machine -becomes an Edge Moulder without having any of its parts unbolted and -laid away.</p> - -<p><b><i>You never tire of the make up of this Machine, which is as simple and -effective as it is durable.</i></b></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030h.jpg" width="600" height="497" alt="woodworking machine" /> -</div> - -<p class="nomargin noindent">Reversible Cutters for any shape of mould made to order, and warranted -to cut free and easy.</p> -<p class="nomargin noindent">For Circulars and full information, address,</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>SAMUEL J. SHIMER,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>MANUFACTURER of the SHIMER CUTTER HEADS and -SPECIAL WOODWORKING MACHINERY,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>MILTON,</b></span> <span class="large sansserif add4em"><b>PENN.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="boxp1emdash"> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif smcap"><b>The Mason</b></span> <span class="largest sansserif"><b>REDUCING VALVE</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif smcap">Gives satisfaction wherever used</span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>OFFICE 22 CENTRAL ST. BOSTON, MASS.</b></span></p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030j.jpg" width="85" height="200" alt="reducing valve" /> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>CARPENTERS’ MACHINERY,</b></span><br /> -<b>HAND AND FOOT POWER.</b></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="subscription1"> -<tr> -<th><span class="sansserif large">Lathes,</span></th> -<th><span class="sansserif large">Rip Saws,</span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Tenoners,</b></span></td> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Cross Cut Saws,</b></span></td> -</tr><tr> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Mortisers,</b></span></td> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Combined Saws,</b></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Scroll Saws,</b> </span></td> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Jig Saws,</b></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Groovers,</b></span></td> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Edge Moulders,</b></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Formers.</b></span></td> -<td><span class="sansserif large"><b>Dado Heads.</b></span></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030i.jpg" width="543" height="500" alt="woodworker operating machine" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">FRED. A. RICH, 25 South Canal Street, Chicago.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>ROOFING ✠ SLATE.</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>The AMERICAN BANGOR SLATE CO.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>Miners and Manufacturers of best Pennsylvania Black Roofing Slate,</b></span><br /> -BANGOR, PENN.<br /> -Address correspondence to <b>J. EDGAR MITCHELL, Sec’y and Treas., Allentown, Pa.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>PARQUET FLOORS</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent">(<span class="smcap">Butcher’s Patent</span>).</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030k.jpg" width="489" height="392" alt="" /> -<p class="caption noindent">PARQUET FLOORS<br /> -CHAS. BUTCHER. & Co. BOSTON</p></div> - -<p class="nomargin">The only Wood Flooring made on the correct principle, being laid with -perforated metal tongues so that Floors of any thickness from ¼ inch -up can be laid and blind‐nailed.</p> - -<p class="nomargin">Butcher’s Boston Polish is the best finish for Hardwood Floors. For -sale by agents in all large cities. Full information on application to</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>THE BUTCHER FLOORING CO.,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif"><b>9 and 11 Haverhill Street,</b></span> <span class="add4em sansserif"><b>BOSTON, MASS.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>“BUILDING”</b></span><br /> -——AN——<br /> -<span class="largest">Architectural Weekly.</span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="subscription1"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc" colspan="2"><span class="normal">Devoted to Architecture, Engineering, Furniture, Decoration, and -Ornament.</span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Subscription,</td><td class="tdr">$6 a year.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sample subscription of three months,</td><td class="tdr">$1.50</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Single Copies,</td><td class="tdr">15 cents.</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030dec2.jpg" width="100" height="10" alt="page decoration" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>MONTHLY NUMBER.</b></span></p> - -<p>A special feature of these numbers will be <b>Small Country and City -Houses</b>, with plans and details.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="subscription2"> -<tr> -<th><span class="normal">Subscription,</span></th><th class="tdr"><span class="normal">$1.75 a year.</span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sample subscription of three months,</td><td class="tdr">50 cents.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Single Copies,</td><td class="tdr">15 cents.</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030dec2.jpg" width="100" height="10" alt="page decoration" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>JUST PUBLISHED.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>INTERIOR DECORATION.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030l.jpg" width="405" height="500" alt="room interior" /> -</div> - -<p>By <span class="smcap">Arnold W. Brunner</span> and <span class="smcap">Thomas Tryon</span>, Architects. -One Quarto Vol., Cloth, Price, $3.00.<br /> -Containing, besides introductory remarks, chapters on The Hall, The -Staircase, The Library, The Parlor, The Dining‐room, The Study, The -Bedrooms.</p> - -<p>This book is fully illustrated with 75 drawings of interiors, details, -furniture, etc. It contains suggestions for the treatment of both city -and country houses, and indicates methods for altering and improving -old work. It is written with a view of interesting non‐professional -readers and all who care to beautify their homes, as well as architects -and decorators.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030dec2.jpg" width="100" height="10" alt="page decoration" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>NEW BOOKS.</b></span></p> - -<p><b>Improved Plumbing Appliances.</b> By <span class="smcap">J. Pickering Putnam</span>, -Architect. This work was printed last year in serial form in -“<span class="smcap">Building</span>,” and has since then been carefully revised and -brought out in book form, as being worthy of more permanent form. With -91 illustrations. One octavo volume, cloth, price, $1.50.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030dec1.jpg" width="60" height="4" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Architectural Studies.</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif">Vol. II.</span><br /> -<span class="larger"><i>JUST PUBLISHED, PART 6.</i></span></p> - -<p>$500 to $2,500 Houses, giving perspectives, elevations and plans, with -specifications, bills of materials and estimates of cost. One Paper -Portfolio, 12 plates, Price, <b>$1.00</b>.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="subscription3"> -<tr> -<th><span class="normal">PLATE.</span></th><th><span class="normal">PLATE.</span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> I.—$500 House. </td><td> VII.—$1,000 House.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> II.—$700 „</td><td>VIII.—$1,000 „</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>III.—$800 „</td><td> IX.—$1,200 „</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>IV.—$800 „</td><td> X.—$1,500 „</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> V.— $900 „</td><td> XI.—$2,000 „</td> -</tr><tr> -<td>VI.—$1,000 „</td><td> XII.—$2,500 „</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030dec1.jpg" width="60" height="4" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>PART 7.<br /> -INTERIOR WOODWORK</b></span><br /> -——FOR——<br /> -<span class="larger"><b><i>HOUSES OF MODERATE COST.</i></b></span><br /> -<b>One paper portfolio, $1.00.</b> -</p> - -<p>Plates XIII and XIV.—Two China Closets, with details. XV.—Parlor -Mantel, with details. XVI.—Book Shelves, with details. -XVII.—Staircase Screen, with details. XVIII.—Two Bedroom Mantels, -with details. XIX and XX. Entrance Hall and Staircase, with details. -XXI.—Bathroom, with details. XXII.—Hall Fireplace, with details. -XXIII.—Library Bookcase, with details. XXIV.—Dining‐room Mantel, with -details.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030dec1.jpg" width="60" height="4" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>PART 8.<br /> -STORE FITTINGS.</b></span> -</p> - -<p><b>LIST OF PLATES.</b>—Plate 25, Counter and Showcase, with Details; -26, Detached Case, with Details; 27, Wall‐shelving, with Details; 28, -Telephone Case, with Details; 29, Counter for Druggist, with Details; -30, Wall Cases, with Details; 31, Two Counters, with Details; 32, Two -Detached Cases, with Details; 33, Prescription Counter, with Details; -34, Perfumery Case, with Details; 35, Wall Shelving, with Details; 36, -Cashier’s Desk, with Details. One Paper Portfolio, Twelve Plates.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Price, $1.00.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>A Most Complete Work of Details.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030dec2.jpg" width="100" height="10" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>Modern Architectural Practice.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030dec2.jpg" width="100" height="10" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>No. 1.<br /> -A Large Country House in Detail.</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>By BRUCE PRICE, Archt.</b></span></p> - -<p>This number contains twenty‐four 12 × 15 plates, and full specifications -illustrated by woodcuts and diagrams. One Large Quarto, 12 × 15, Boards.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>Price, $5.00.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus030dec2.jpg" width="100" height="10" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES.</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger">VOL. I.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>One Large Quarto Vol., Cloth, Price $5. Containing 60 large -Lithographic Plates, treating on the following Subjects.</b></p> - -<p class="nomargin"><b><i>PART I.</i></b>—LOW COST HOUSES, including prize designs, with -elevations, plans, details, specifications, bills of materials, and -estimates of cost. 12 large (11 × 14) plates of practical designs, -costing from $500 to $3,000.</p> - -<p class="nomargin"><b><i>PART II.</i></b>—STORE FRONTS AND INTERIOR DETAILS. 12 plates and -descriptive letterpress.</p> - -<p class="nomargin"><b><i>PART III.</i></b>—STABLES. Containing 12 plates of Stables, suitable -for village lots, ranging in cost from $300 upward.</p> - -<p class="nomargin"><b><i>PART IV.</i></b>—SEASIDE AND SOUTHERN HOUSES. 12 plates of designs -for Cheap Houses, with ample verandas, suited to a summer climate. -Average cost, $1,500.</p> - -<p class="nomargin"><b><i>PART V.</i></b>—OUT‐BUILDINGS. Containing 12 plates of designs of -Small Stables, Summer Houses, Pavilions, Privies, Fences, Gates, etc.</p> - -<p class="nomargin">Each of these parts may be obtained separately when desired. Paper -portfolio, 12 plates and descriptive letterpress, <b><i>$1 each.</i></b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"> -<span class="large"><b>W. T. COMSTOCK, Publisher,</b></span><br /> -<b>23 WARREN ST., NEW YORK.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">v</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus031a.jpg" width="404" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE LATEST & BEST IMPROVED<br /> -BRICK<br /> -MACHINES<br /> -FOR BOTH STEAM<br /> -AND HORSE POWER.</p> - -<p class="caption">STEAM POWER BRICK MACHINE -WITHOUT GEARING.<br /> -WEIGHT 7000 LBS.</p> - -<p class="caption">STEAM POWER BRICK MACHINE -READY FOR PULLEY.<br /> -WEIGHT 7200 LBS.</p> - -<p class="caption">HORSE POWER BRICK MACHINE<br /> -WT. 4500 LBS.</p> - - -<p class="caption">SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE</p> - -<p class="caption"> -HENRY MARTIN,<br /> -INVENTOR, PROPRIETOR,<br /> -AND MANUFACTURER.<br /> -<br /> -139 CHESTNUT ST.<br /> -LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.<br /> -A. PALMER CO. ENG. -</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent">Manufacturers and Dealers in Parquet and Inlaid Floors, Wainscoting, -Etc.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>J. DUNFEE & CO.,</b></span><br /> - -<span class="larger"><b>Wood Carpet and Weather Strips</b></span><br /> -<b>OF ALL KINDS,</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>102 Washington Street,—CHICAGO.</b><br /> -SEND FOR CATALOGUE.<br /> -Factory, 204 to 212 South Clinton Street.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">B. G. UNDERWOOD,</span></p> -<p class="center noindent">ADVERTISING AGENT,</p> -<p class="center noindent"><b>361 Broadway, New York,</b></p> -<p class="center noindent">AND</p> -<p class="center noindent"><b>31 Pemberton Sq., Boston.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>Cast Iron Gas and Water Pipes</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>1½ to 48 INCHES DIAMETER.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Cast Iron Flange Heating and Steam Pipes, Fire Hydrants and Stop -Valves for Water or Gas, all Sizes.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent">ALL PIPE PROVED BY HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="gloucester iron"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc" colspan="3"><span class="large"><b>GLOUCESTER IRON WORKS,</b></span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3"><span class="sansserif"><b>GLOUCESTER CITY, N. J.</b></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>SAMUEL R. SHIPLEY, Prest. </td><td> </td><td>JAMES P. MICHELLON, Secy.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>HENRY B. CHEW, Treas.</td><td class="tdc"><span class="sansserif"><b>OFFICE, </b></span></td> -<td>WILLIAM SEXTON, Supt.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3"><span class="sansserif"><b>6 North Seventh Street, Philadelphia</b></span>.</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest smcap"><b>VentilatoR.</b></span><br /> -Patented May 4th, 1886.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus031d.jpg" width="444" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption noindent"><b>For Bulk Windows.</b></p></div> - -<p>Adapted for Dwellings, Stores, Hospitals, School Rooms, Offices, Public -Institutions, &c., allowing ventilation without draught. Simple and -readily adjustable. <i>Manufactured and sold, Wholesale and Retail</i>, also -Patent Right for sale for States, United States or Canada, address</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>T. T. COHEN, 211 So. 13th St., Phila., Pa.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus031e.jpg" width="600" height="568" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">ESTABLISHED 1868 -BY GEORGE HAYES</p> - -<p class="caption">THE HAYES -SKYLIGHTS</p> - -<p class="caption">PERFORATED METALLIC, -INSECT & STORM -PROOF -BLINDS</p> - -<p class="caption">SEND FOR CATALOGUE</p> - -<p class="caption">71–8TH AVE. NEW YORK.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>COMBINATION SQUARE</b>.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus031f.jpg" width="600" height="413" alt="combination square" /> -</div> - -<p class="nomargin">This tool, with its sliding blade and stock having right angle and -mitre faces, level and scriber, is more than a substitute for a whole -set of the common kind. It can be used in many places and for purposes -that a stationary blade cannot.</p> - -<p class="nomargin">Send for price.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>L. S. STARRETT,</b></span><br /> -Manufacturer of Fine Tools, <b>ATHOL, MASS.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">DRAFTSMANS’ ADJUSTABLE CURVE RULER.</span><br /> -Highly Commended. Makes any Curve. -</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus031b.jpg" width="500" height="70" alt="curve rule" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent">For sale everywhere, 14 inch, $1.50; 30 inch, $2.87. <span class="smcap">Circular Gratis</span>.<br /> -<b>FRANK W. DAVENPORT</b>, Patentee and Manufacturer, <b>Providence, -R. I., U. S. A.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>New York City. Room 217 Stewart Building.</b><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>C. POWELL KARR, C.E.</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>CONSULTING ARCHITECT.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small">Plans and Specifications prepared for Heating, Lighting, Ventilation -and Sanitation of Buildings.</span></p> - -<p><b>SPECIAL ATTENTION DEVOTED TO THE INSPECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE -ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF THEATERS, MUSIC HALLS, AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>ALLEN B. RORKE,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Contractor and Builder,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>423 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus031c.jpg" width="200" height="387" alt="elevator" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger u">MORSE ELEVATOR WORKS.</span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>Morse, Williams & Co.</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small sansserif">Successors to CLEM & MORSE,<br /> -BUILDERS OF ALL KINDS OF</span><br /> -<span class="large">Passenger</span> and <span class="large">Freight</span> <span class="largest">ELEVATORS</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Send for Circulars.<br /> -OFFICE: 411 CHERRY STREET.</b><br /> -<span class="small sansserif"><b>Works: Frankford Avenue, Wildey and Shackamaxon Streets</b></span><br /> -PHILADELPHIA.<br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>NEW YORK OFFICE: 108 Liberty Street.</b></span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large uo sansserif"><b>PASSENGER</b></span> <span class="largest sansserif"><b>ELEVATORS,</b></span><br /> -<span class="small"><b>MANUFACTURED BY</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>HOWARD IRON WORKS,</b></span><br /> -BUFFALO, N. Y.</p> - -<p><b>The Elevators in the State Capitol, Albany, New York, were built by us, -and many others in some of the finest buildings in the country.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>GRAVES’</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest">ELEVATORS,</span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>PASSENGER and FREIGHT,</b></span><br /> -<span class="small">MANUFACTURED BY</span><br /> -<span class="large">L. S., GRAVES & SON, Rochester, N. Y.</span><br /> -<span class="small smcap">BRANCH OFFICE:</span> <span class="small">46 Cortlandt Street, New York.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">JOHN WHEELER,</span><br /> -<span class="larger">CARPENTER and BUILDER</span><br /> -——OF——</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus031g.jpg" width="400" height="35" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">ORNAMENTAL RUSTIC</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>WORK</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent nomargin"><b>Medals from American Institute</b>, -And other Associations.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">P. O. Box 140. <span class="add4em sansserif"><b>Cleveland St., Orange, N. J.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus031h.jpg" width="600" height="172" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">LEPAGE’S<br /> -THE ONLY GENUINE<br /> -LIQUID GLUE</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif large"><b>UNEQUALLED for CEMENTING</b></span><br /> -<span class="small">wood, glass, china, paper, leather, &c. Always ready for use. -<i>Pronounced strongest glue known.</i></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif large"><b>AWARDED TWO GOLD MEDALS.</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif large"><b>IS MADE BY THE</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>Russia Cement Co.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="small">Gloucester, Mass.<br /> -Sample 20c stamps</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>FIRST CLASS</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest"><b>HEATING APPARATUS,</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>J. REYNOLDS & SON,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent">Thirteenth and Filbert Streets,<span class="add4em"> PHILADELPHIA, PA.</span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus031i.jpg" width="300" height="229" alt="furnace" /> -</div> - -<p class="center"> <br /><b>Manufacturers of</b></p> -<p class="center"><span class="larger">Steel Air Tight Furnaces,</span></p> -<p class="center"><span class="large sansserif"><b>KEYSTONE</b></span></p> -<p class="center"><span class="larger"><b>Steel Furnaces.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>BRICK SET AND PORTABLE.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>For Anthracite and Bituminous -Coal or Wood.</b></p> - -<div class="nofloat"> -<p>Our heaters are strictly first‐class, made of the best material and -workmanship, and are supplied with the Reynolds’ Shaking Grate, the -best labor and fuel saving appliances. They are absolutely Gas, Dust -and Smoke Tight. Cooking Ranges, Low and Half Low Grates, in great -variety of styles and sizes. Descriptive circulars sent free to any -address. The trade supplied.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus031j.jpg" width="300" height="145" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">KEYSTONE FLOORING MACHINE.</p></div> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="large">THE foremost floorer in the market. There are perhaps without a single -exception more “Keystone” Flooring Machines in use than any other -make in the market. Valuable references and testimonials and full -information cheerfully given.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>GOODELL & WATERS,</b></span><br /> - 3031 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">vi</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter chapter"> -<img src="images/illus032a.jpg" width="500" height="136" alt="" /> -<h2 class="no-break" id="Notes_and_Queries">Notes and Queries.</h2></div> - -<h3>HINTS TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Names and Address</b> must accompany all letters, or no attention -will be paid thereto. This is for our information, and not for -publication.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>References</b> to former articles or answers should give date of -paper and page or number of question.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Inquiries</b> not answered in reasonable time should be repeated; -correspondents will bear in mind that some answers require not a little -research, and, though we endeavor to reply to all, either by letter or -in this department, each must take his turn.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Special Written Information</b> on matters of personal rather than -general interest cannot be expected without remuneration.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Scientific American Supplements</b> referred to may be had at the -office. Price 10 cents each.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Books</b> referred to promptly supplied on receipt of price.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Minerals</b> sent for examination should be distinctly marked or -labeled.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="advert"> -<p>(1) G. W. B. asks: 1. What kind of cement used, and how to cement gum -face on band saws? A. Ordinary rubber cement, such as you can purchase -at any of the rubber stores, will answer your purpose. 2. Is there -anything to be put in glue to prevent moisture from disturbing the -joints in patterns? A. A little bichromate of potash put into your glue -will render it insoluble, after exposure to light. 3. Is there anything -to prevent shellac used for patterns from getting dark before using -after it is mixed some time? A. We know of no way to prevent this.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"> -<p>(2) W. S. C.—In closed circuits for steam heating, the pressure of the -steam along the flow pipes and in coils in well arranged systems is so -nearly equalized with the pressure in the boiler, that it requires but -small elevation of the water of condensation in the return pipe above -the water level in the boiler to allow of its return by gravity. In -this system all of the radiators should be not less than from 1 to 5 -feet above the water level in the boiler, according to the complication -and extent of the circuit. The air is discharged at the radiators, and -no waste of water is necessary.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(3) E. H. S.—Coal tar alone with gravel and sand for sidewalks does not -dry well. Asphaltum with equal parts of coal tar melted together and -sprinkled upon the mixed sand and gravel that has been made hot upon -an iron plate (the mixing to be done in a large pan of iron), putting -no more asphalt and tar upon the sand and gravel than will just make -it stick together; then dump into place while hot, spread quickly, and -beat level with a ram or heavy roller. Dust over the surface with fine -sand before rolling or beating, to prevent the material from sticking -to the roller or beater. This operation requires a little care and -experience as to just the amount of asphalt and tar for a given measure -of sand and gravel, and also for the proportions of sand and gravel -required to make the best pavement. Sometimes a thin bed of broken -stone is laid as a foundation. Also a thin bed of coarse gravel is -sometimes spread before dumping the hot mixture.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(4) J. C.—A first class ice boat, sailing on first class ice, will sail -from three to four times faster than the wind that drives the boat. For -example, a wind having a velocity of fifteen miles an hour will drive -the boat at the rate of from forty to sixty miles an hour.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(5) T. H. G. writes: I have a mahogany table which has been varnished and -has ink spots on it. 1. By what means can I get the varnish and ink -off, in order to rub on an oil finish? A. The ink spots can be washed -off with water and the varnish with alcohol. 2. What is best to polish -carved brass? A. Polish with rotten stone and oil, alcohol, or spirits -of turpentine. 3. What will remove water stains from polished marble? -A. Mix quicklime with strong lye,</p></div> - -<p>(<i>Continued on page</i> <a href="#Notes_and_Queries_Continued">x.</a>)</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h2 class="chapter" id="Building_Plans_and_Specifications"><span class="sansserif">Building Plans and Specifications.</span></h2> - -<p>In connection with the publication of the <span class="smcap">Building Edition of -the Scientific American</span>, Messrs. Munn & Co. furnish Plans and -Specifications for Buildings of every kind, including Public Buildings, -Churches, Schools, Stores, Dwellings, Carriage Houses, Barns, etc. In -this work they are assisted by able and experienced architects.</p> - -<p>Those who contemplate building, or who wish to alter, improve, extend, -or add to existing buildings, whether wings, porches, bay windows, or -attic rooms, are invited to communicate with the under‐signed. Our work -extends to all parts of the country. Estimates, plans, and drawings -promptly prepared. Terms moderate. Address</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h2 class="chapter" id="Business_and_Personal">Business and Personal.</h2> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><i>Any person having a new invention may, without charge, consult MUNN & -CO., Scientific American Office, 361 Broadway, New York, for advice how -to obtain a Patent or Caveat. Our Hand Book of Instructions relating to -Patents sent free.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> -<p><i>Practical Working Drawings</i> of machinery made by A. K. Mansfield & Co., -280 Broadway, N. Y. Life‐long mechanics. One formerly R. R. supt. M. P. -Important references. Work guaranteed. Correspondence invited.</p> - -<p>For Sale—22 unbound volumes <span class="smcap">Scientific American</span>, of old -dates. Also a lot of odd numbers, in good order. For a descriptive list -address I. R. Hudson, 212 East 14th St., New York.</p> - -<p>All kinds wood engraving. Perfect; lowest rate; sell engr. tools, -mate’l, machs. N. H. Taylor, Wyandotte, Kan.</p> - -<p>Portable grinding mills. Chas. Kaestner & Co., Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<p>Engines and boilers. Chas. Kaestner & Co., Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<p>For Sale—The following braiding machines: 2 nine carriers, 1 twelve -carriers, 2 thirteen carriers, 1 sixteen carriers, 1 twenty carriers, -1 twenty‐one carriers. Also three looms, 24 and 30 shuttles. All the -above will be sold cheap. Raymold & Whitlock, 99 Fourth Ave., N. Y.</p> - -<p>Wanted—New invention or novelty for the English market by a -first‐class London house, having a large connection among shippers, -warehousemen, drapers, etc. Address “Everclean,” 100 Wood St., London, -England.</p> - -<p><i>Lacquers.</i>—Zapon, Brilliantine, Brassoline, Opaline, and other -lacquers and special varnishes. <i>Brilliant, hard, durable.</i> Send for -catalogue. The Fred’k Crane Chemical Co., Short Hills, N. J. N. Y. agent, -Horace Van Sands, 733 Broadway.</p> - -<p>For the best and cheapest 4 Horse Engine, address Peter Walrath, -Chittenango, N. Y.</p> - -<p>Perforated metals of all kinds for all purposes. The Robert Aitchison -Perforated Metal Co., Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<p>For the latest improved diamond prospecting drills, address the M. C. -Bullock Mfg. Co., 138 Jackson St., Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<p>The <i>Railroad Gazette</i>, handsomely illustrated, published weekly, at -73 Broadway, New York. Specimen copies free. Send for catalogue of -railroad books.</p> - -<p>The Knowles Steam Pump Works, 113 Federal St., Boston, and 93 Liberty -St., New York, have just issued a new catalogue, in which are many -new and improved forms of Pumping Machinery of the single and duplex, -steam and power type. This catalogue will be mailed free of charge on -application.</p> - -<p><i>Link Belting</i> and Wheels. Link Belt M. Co., Chicago.</p> - -<p>Presses & Dies. Ferracute Mach. Co., Bridgeton, N. J.</p> - -<p>Nickel Plating.—Sole manufacturers cast nickel anodes, pure nickel -salts, polishing compositions, etc. $100 “<i>Little Wonder</i>.” A perfect -Electro Plating Machine. Sole manufacturers of the new Dip Lacquer -Kristaline. Complete outfit for plating, etc. Hanson, Van Winkle & Co., -Newark, N. J., and 92 and 94 Liberty St., New York.</p> - -<p>Iron Planer, Lathe, Drill, and other machine tools of modern design. -New Haven Mfg. Co., New Haven, Conn.</p> - -<p>Supplement Catalogue.—Persons in pursuit of information of any special -engineering, mechanical, or scientific subject, can have catalogue of -contents of the <span class="smcap">Scientific American Supplement</span> sent to them -free. The <span class="smcap">Supplement</span> contains lengthy articles embracing the -whole range of engineering, mechanics, and physical science. Address -Munn & Co., Publishers, New York.</p> - -<p>The Holly Manufacturing Co., of Lockport, N. Y., will send their -pamphlet, describing water works machinery, and containing reports of -tests, on application.</p> - -<p>Curtis Pressure Regulator and Steam Trap. See p. 301.</p> - -<p>Planing and Matching Machines. All kinds Wood Working Machinery. C. B. -Rogers & Co., Norwich, Conn.</p> - -<p>For best leather belting and lace leather, including Hercules, see Page -Belting Co.’s adv., p. 318.</p> - -<p>Iron, Steel, and Copper Drop Forgings of every description. Billings & -Spencer Co., Hartford, Conn.</p> - -<p>Paint mills. Chas. Kaestner & Co., Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<p>Pat. Geared Scroll Chucks, with 3 pinions, sold at same prices as -common chucks by Cushman Chuck Co., Hartford, Conn.</p> - -<p>Steam Hammers, Improved Hydraulic Jacks, and Tube Expanders. R. -Dudgeon, 24 Columbia St., New York.</p> - -<p>60,000 <i>Emerson’s</i> 1887 ☞ Book of superior saws, with Supplement, -sent free to all Sawyers and Lumbermen. Address Emerson, Smith & Co., -Limited, Beaver Falls, Pa., U. S. A.</p> - -<p>Safety Elevators, steam and belt power; quick and smooth. D. Frisbie & -Co., 112 Liberty St., New York.</p> - -<p>“How to Keep Boilers Clean.” Send your address for free 88 page book. -Jas. C. Hotchkiss, 120 Liberty St., N. Y.</p> - -<p>Pays well on Small Investment.—Stereopticons, Magic Lanterns, and -Views illustrating every subject for public exhibitions. Lanterns for -colleges, Sunday schools, and home amusements. 152 page illustrated -catalogue free. McAllister, Manufacturing Optician, 49 Nassau St., N. Y.</p> - -<p>Ax handle and spoke lathes. Railway cutting off saw machines. Rollstone -Machine Co., Fitchburg, Mass.</p> - -<p>Best belt hooks are Talcott’s. Providence, R. I. </p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter chapter"> -<img src="images/illus032b.jpg" width="500" height="201" alt="" /> -<h2 class="no-break" id="PROSPECTUS">PROSPECTUS<br /> -<span class="normal">OF THE</span><br /> -Scientific American<br /> -FOR 1888.</h2></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>The Most Popular Scientific Paper in the World.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Only $3.00 a Year, including Postage. Weekly. 52 Numbers a Year.</b></p> - -<p><b>This widely circulated</b> and splendidly illustrated paper is -published weekly. Every number contains sixteen pages of useful -information and a large number of original engravings of new inventions -and discoveries, representing Engineering Works, Steam Machinery, -New Inventions, Novelties in Mechanics, Manufactures, Chemistry, -Electricity, Telegraphy, Photography, Architecture, Agriculture, -Horticulture, Natural History, etc.</p> - -<p><b>All Classes of Readers</b> find in the <span class="smcap">Scientific American</span> -a popular <i>resume</i> of the best scientific information of the day; and -it is the aim of the publishers to present it in an attractive form, -avoiding as much as possible abstruse terms. To every intelligent -mind, this journal affords a constant supply of instructive reading. -It is promotive of knowledge and progress in every community where it -circulates.</p> - -<p><b>Terms of Subscription.</b>—One copy of the <span class="smcap">Scientific -American</span> will be sent for <i>one year</i>—52 numbers—postage prepaid, -to any subscriber in the United States or Canada, on receipt, of -<b>three dollars</b> by the publishers; six months, $1.50; three -months, $1.00.</p> - -<p><b>Clubs.</b>—<b>One extra copy</b> of the <span class="smcap">Scientific -American</span> will be supplied gratis <i>for every club of five -subscribers</i> at $3.00 each; additional copies at same proportionate -rate.</p> - -<p>The safest way to remit is by Postal Order, Draft, or Express Money -Order. Money carefully placed inside of envelopes, securely sealed, and -correctly addressed, seldom goes astray, but is at the sender’s risk. -Address all letters and make all orders, drafts, etc., payable to</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">MUNN & CO.,</span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>361 Broadway, New York.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3>THE<br /> -<span class="largest sansserif">Scientific American Supplement.</span></h3> - -<p>This is a separate and distinct publication from <i>The Scientific -American</i>, but is uniform therewith in size, every number containing -sixteen large pages. <span class="smcap">The Scientific American Supplement</span> is -published weekly, and includes a very wide range of contents. It -presents the most recent papers by eminent writers in all the principal -departments of Science and the Useful Arts, embracing Biology, Geology, -Mineralogy, Natural History, Geography, Archæology, Astronomy, -Chemistry, Electricity, Light, Heat, Mechanical Engineering, Steam -and Railway Engineering, Mining, Ship Building, Marine Engineering, -Photography, Technology, Manufacturing Industries, Sanitary -Engineering, Agriculture, Horticulture, Domestic Economy, Biography, -Medicine, etc. A vast amount of fresh and valuable information -pertaining to these and allied subjects is given, the whole profusely -illustrated with engravings.</p> - -<p><i>The most important Engineering Works</i>, Mechanisms, and Manufactures -at home and abroad are represented and described in the -<span class="smcap">Supplement</span>.</p> - -<p>Price for the <span class="smcap">Supplement</span> for the United States and Canada, -$5.00 a year, or one copy of the <span class="smcap">Scientific American</span> and one -copy of the <span class="smcap">Supplement</span>, both mailed for one year for $7.00. -Address and remit by postal order, express money order, or check,</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>MUNN & Co., 361 Broadway, N. Y.,</b></p> -<p class="noindent nomargin">Publishers <span class="smcap">Scientific American</span>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><b>To Foreign Subscribers.</b>—Under the facilities of the Postal -Union, the <span class="smcap">Scientific American</span> is now sent by post direct from -New York, with regularity, to subscribers in Great Britain, India, -Australia, and all other British colonies; to France, Austria, Belgium, -Germany, Russia, and all other European States; Japan, Brazil, and -all States of Central and South America. Terms, when sent to foreign -countries, Canada and Mexico, excepted. $4, gold, for <span class="smcap">Scientific -American</span>, one year; $9, gold for both <span class="smcap">Scientific American</span> -and <span class="smcap">Supplement</span> for one year. This includes postage, which we -pay. Remit by postal or express money order, or draft to order of<br /> - MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest smcap">The Tiffany<br /> -Glass Company</span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">MEMORIAL WINDOWS</span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">GLASS WORK DECORATIONS</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><i>Designs and Estimates submitted</i>.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="tiffany"> -<tr> -<th><span class="smcap normal">Louis C. Tiffany</span>, <span class="normal"><i>Pres.</i></span> </th><th><span class="smcap normal">Pringle Mitchell</span>, <span class="normal"><i>M’ger.</i></span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><span class="smcap">John Du Fais</span>, <i>Sec.</i></td><td><span class="smcap">John C. Platt</span>, <i>Treas.</i></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p>333–335 Fourth Ave., New York City.<br /> -<span class="right">509 Pullman Building, Chicago.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus032c.jpg" width="200" height="189" alt="building with towers" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>The Old Bangor Slate Company</b></span></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="bangor slate"> -<tr> -<th><span class="normal">F. C. YARNALL, President,</span> </th><th><span class="normal">I. S. MOYER, Sec. & Treas.,</span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>. </td><td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">Bethlehem, Pa</span>.</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p><span class="smaller">This Company is the original operator in the Bangor Valley, and -continues to manufacture the Blue Roofing Slates which have become so -celebrated for fineness of texture and uniformity of color.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smaller">We also beg to call the special attention of Architects and Builders to -the fact that we have perfected a system by which we can furnish Slates -with Sawed Edges of suitable size and curve for Towers or Domes of any -size or shape.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smaller">Working Drawings should be furnished, in which case we can -<b>guarantee</b> a perfect job.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smaller">Address Correspondence to</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif large"><b>The Old Bangor Slate Company,</b></span><br /> -<span class="right smaller"><b>At Office, BETHLEHEM, PA.</b></span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"> -<hr class="tb" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="chapter"><span class="larger sansserif">INVALUABLE BOOKS</span><br /> -<span class="smaller">FOR THE</span><br /> -<span class="largest sansserif">MECHANIC, ENGINEER,<br /> -AND CHEMIST.</span><br /> -REVISED TO DATE.</h2> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Nystrom’s Pocket‐Book of Mechanics and Engineering.</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Nineteenth Edition, Revised and Greatly Enlarged with Original -Matter. By Wm. Dennis Marks, Ph.B., C.E. (Yale S.S.S.) Illustrated. -16mo. $3.50.</b></p> - -<p>“A library in itself, giving a little of everything that the -engineer and mechanic will need to know to aid them in every‐day -practice.”—<i>Industrial World</i>, Chicago.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Marks on the Steam Engine.</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Third Edition, Revised. Enlarged, and Interleaved. -The Relative Proportions of the Steam Engine. By Wm. D. Marks. With -numerous Illustrations. 12mo. Extra Cloth. $3.00.</b></p> - -<p>“A work of inestimable value to every mechanic, containing as it does, -rules, tables, and directions in regard to the steam engine which come -into use in every‐day practical life of the engineer.”—<i>San Francisco -Wood and Iron.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Elements of Modern Chemistry.</b></span><br /> -<span class="large">(<b><i>WURTZ</i>.</b>)</span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>New Edition, Thoroughly Revised. Translated by W. H. Greene. 12mo. -Cloth. $2.50. Sheep. $3.00.</b> -</p> - -<p>“A valuable work as a class‐book, and a most interesting and -instructive volume for the general reader.”—<i>New York School Journal</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>If not obtainable at your Booksellers’, send direct to the Publishers, -who will forward the books, <span class="smcap">FREE OF POSTAGE</span>, promptly on -receipt of the price.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>PUBLISHERS,</b></span><br /> -<span class="small"><b>715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Red‐Letter Days Abroad.</b> By John L. Stoddard, author of “The -Stoddard Lectures,” etc. 8vo. With illustrations. In box, $5; in -morocco, $10. New Library edition, $3.50, in half calf, $7.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Laurence Hutton’s <b>Literary Landmarks of London.</b> 12mo. $1.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">J. R. G. Hassard’s <b>A Pickwickian Pilgrimage.</b> $1.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">William Winter’s <b>Shakespeare’s England.</b> 50 cents.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">William Winter’s <b>English Rambles.</b> 12mo. $1.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">William Winter’s <b>The Trip to England.</b> Ill’d. $2.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Robert Laird Collier’s <b>English Home Life.</b> $1.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Mrs. Lew Wallace’s <b>The Storied Sea.</b> 16mo. $1.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Henry James’s <b>Portraits of Places.</b> $1.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Henry James’s <b>A Little Tour in France.</b> $1.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Hubbard’s <b>Woods and Lakes of Maine.</b> $3.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Jane G. Austin’s <b>Nantucket Scraps.</b> $1.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Miss E. B. Chase’s <b>Over the Border.</b> Ill’d. $1.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Clarence King’s <b>Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada.</b> With maps. -12mo. $2.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">L. H. Weeks’s <b>Among the Azores.</b> Ill’d. $1.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Waring’s <b>The Bride of the Rhine.</b> Ill’d. $1.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Mrs. Dahlgren’s <b>South‐Sea Sketches.</b> $1.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">D. J. Snider’s <b>Walk in Hellas</b> (Modern Greece). $2.50.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Geraldine.</b> A sumptuous illustrated edition.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Scott’s Poems.</b> New holiday edition. 350 illustrations.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Swanee River.</b> A beautiful illustrated book.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>My Old Kentucky Home.</b> Richly illustrated.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Juan and Juanita.</b> By Frances C. Baylor.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Fools of Nature.</b> An Anti‐Spiritualist novel.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Under Pine and Palm.</b> By Frances L. Mace.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Sobriquets and Nicknames.</b> A reference book.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>A Flock of Girls.</b> By Nora Perry.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>The New Astronomy.</b> By Prof. S. P. Langley.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Carlyle‐Emerson Correspondence.</b></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Hawthorne and His Wife.</b> New editions. Each in two volumes. With -illustrations. Per set, $3.00; in half calf, $6.00.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Japanese Homes.</b> By Prof. E. S. Morse.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Chosön: The Land of the Morning Calm (Korea).</b> By Percival -Lowell. New editions. Each in one volume. 12mo. Illustrated. Per -volume, $3.00; in half calf, $6.00.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>THE TICKNOR SERIES OF OCTAVO POETS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">LIBRARY EDITION.</p> - -<p><b>The Lady of the Lake.<br /> -<span class="add2em">The Lay of the Last Minstrel.</span><br /> -<span class="add4em">Marmion.</span><br /> -<span class="add6em">The Princess.</span><br /> -<span class="add8em">Childe Harold.</span><br /> -<span class="add10em">Lucile.</span></b></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Six volumes, elegantly and uniformly bound, with all the original -illustrations, beveled boards, and full gilt. In cloth. Each, $3.50. In -tree calf or antique morocco, $7.50.</p> - -<p>These are the most famous and popular editions in existence of great -poems. In their original shape they have had enormous sales, and in -their cheaper form, with all their original illustrations, complete and -unworn, they will have renewed popularity.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Also uniform with the above in style and price, cheaper editions of the -beautifully illustrated</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Tuscan Cities.</b> By W. D. Howells.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>Red‐Letter Days Abroad.</b> By J. L. Stoddard.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">⁂ <i>For sale by all booksellers. Sent, post‐paid, on receipt of the -price by the publishers,</i></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>TICKNOR & CO., BOSTON.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">vii</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus033a.jpg" width="600" height="452" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">J. Rayner.<br /> - -IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER<br /> - -MAHOGANY<br /> - -CABINET Woods and Veneers.</p> - -<p class="caption"> -FOOT. EAST HOUSTON Sᵀ<br /> -NEW YORK.</p> - -<p class="caption"> -275–289 EAST 20ᵀᴴ ST<br /> -CHICAGO, ILL.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>HOT‐WATER HEATING,</b></span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus033b.jpg" width="148" height="200" alt="water heater" /> -</div> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus033c.jpg" width="239" height="200" alt="water heater" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>For Greenhouses and Dwellings</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>HITCHINGS & CO.,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>233 Mercer Street, N. Y.</b></span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"> -<p class="center noindent"><b>SEND 3 CENTS POSTAGE FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.</b></p> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>VIOLIN OUTFITS.</b></span></p> - -<p>Consisting of Violin Box, Bow, and Teacher, sent to any part of the -United States on 1 to 3 days’ trial before buying.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus033d.jpg" width="492" height="196" alt="violin" /> -</div> - -<p class="noindent"><b>Violin Outfits at $4, $8, $15 and $25 each. Send Stamp for</b><br /> -Beautiful Illustrated 96‐page Catalogue of Violins, Guitars, Banjos, Cornets, -Flutes, Strings, etc. Lowest prices. Mail orders a specialty. <span class="large"><b>C. W. -STORY,</b></span> <b>26 Central Street, Boston, Mass.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus033e.jpg" width="200" height="179" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">PRICE $193.</p></div> - -<p><span class="large"><b>WE SELL DIRECT TO FAMILIES</b></span>— -(avoid Agents and Dealers whose profits and expenses double the -cost on every Piano they sell) and send this First‐Class <span class="large"><b>UPRIGHT -Cabinet GEM</b></span> 7½ Octave Rosewood Piano, Warranted 6 years, for -<span class="large"><b>$193!</b></span> We send it—with Beautiful Cover and Stool—for Trial in -your own Home before you buy. Send for circulars to</p> -<div class="nofloat"><p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>Marchal & Smith, 235 East 21st St., N. Y.</b></span></p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>ICE & REFRIGERATING</b></span><br /> -<span class="small">Machines. York Patent.</span><br /> -<b>YORK MFG. CO., York, Pa.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus033f.jpg" width="75" height="129" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Trade -Mark.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Warren’s Natural Asphalt Roofing.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>FINALLY PERFECTED AND TESTED BY TEN<br />YEARS OF PRACTICAL USE.</b></p> - -<p>Over 15,000,000 square feet, or 350 acres, of this roofing have been -laid within the past ten years. <b>Superior</b> to all other for flat -roofs.</p> - -<p>Much more durable than coal tar materials, because it remains -practically unchanged when exposed to the weather.</p> - -<p>An Asphalt roof emits no odor, and does not injure rain water.</p> - -<p>References to many of the best buildings throughout the country given -on application.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>“Composite” Felt</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>FOR ROOF FOUNDATIONS.</b></span></p></div> - -<p>A two‐ply composed of one layer of saturated felt and one of Manila -rope paper. Combines durability and strength with lightness and -pliability.</p> - -<p>Send for Circulars and Samples.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>Warren Chemical and Manufacturing Co.,</b></span><br /> -<b>114 JOHN ST., N. Y.</b><span class="add4em"><b>101 MILK ST., BOSTON.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>BEATTY</b></span> <span class="larger sansserif u"><b>ORGANS</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>For $37.50 worth $75</b></span><br /> -$400.00 Organs only $80.00<br /> -$1200.00 Pianos for $250.00<br /> -Other BARGAINS, write for catalogue. Address,<br /> -<span class="large"><b>DANIEL F. BEATTY, Washington, New Jersey</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus033h.jpg" width="500" height="238" alt="A POINTER" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large u"><b>We</b></span> -<span class="large u"><b>can</b></span> -<span class="large u"><b>offer</b></span> -<span class="large u"><b>to</b></span> -<span class="large u"><b>your</b></span> -<span class="large u"><b>advantage</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>GLUE.</b></span></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="thurston"> -<tr> -<th> </th> -<th class="giantm" rowspan="5">⎧<br />⎪<br />⎨<br />⎪<br />⎩</th> -<th class="tdc" rowspan="2"><span class="largest sansserif">SHELLAC</span>,</th> -<th class="giantm" rowspan="5">⎫<br />⎪<br />⎬<br />⎪<br />⎭</th> -<th> </th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><b>ORANGE</b></td> -<td class="tdc"><b>WHITE</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><b>GUM</b></td><td> </td><td class="tdc"><b>GUM</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><b>SHELLAC</b></td> -<td class="tdc" rowspan="2"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>VARNISH.</b></span></td> -<td class="tdc"><b>SHELLAC</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td> </td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>WOOD ALCOHOL,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>WOOD STAIN.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>F. W. THURSTON & CO.</b></span><br /> -<b>IMPORTERS,</b><br /> -<span class="add6em sansserif"><b>CHICAGO.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>F. W. DEVOE & CO.</b></span><br /> -<b>(Established 1852)</b></p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="largest u sansserif"><b>PURE</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest u sansserif add2em"><b>MIXED</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest u sansserif add4em"><b>PAINTS</b></span></p> - -<p>We desire to call attention of consumers to the fact that we guarantee -our ready mixed paints to be made only of pure linseed oil and the most -permanent pigments. They are not “Chemical,” “Rubber,” “Patent,” or -“Fireproof.” We use no secret or patent method in manufacturing them by -which benzine and water are made to serve the purpose of pure linseed -oil. Sample cards, containing 50 desirable shades, sent on application.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>FINE VARNISHES,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif add4em"><b>WOOD FILLERS,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif add8em"><b>WOOD STAINS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">ARTISTS’ MATERIALS, -MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS.</p> - -<p>Catalogues of our different departments to responsible parties.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="contents"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc bord_right_yes">Cor. Fulton and </th> -<th class="tdc"> Coffin, Devoe & Co.,</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes"><b>William Sts.,</b></td> -<td class="tdc"><b>176 Randolph St.,</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc bord_right_yes"><b>NEW YORK.</b></td> -<td class="tdc"><b>CHICAGO.</b></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>——THE——</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest"><b>“Timby Burglar Proof Sash‐Lock & Ventilator.”</b></span><br /> -<b>PATENTED MARCH 29th, 1887.</b><br /> -<span class="large"><b>MEETS A LONG FELT WANT.</b></span></p> - -<p><span class="large">It is manufactured from the best</span> <span class="smcap large">Malleable Iron</span> and <span class="smcap large">Bronze Metal</span>.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus033i.jpg" width="150" height="180" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">FIG. 1.<br /> -Section of Frame with Lock applied.<br /> -Thumb piece moved upward releasing upper sash.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus033j.jpg" width="134" height="180" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">FIG. 2.<br /> -Back view of Lock and operating device.<br /> -Thumb piece moved upward and bolt thrown back, same as in Fig. 1.</p></div> - -<p>Is very simple in construction, strong and durable, absolutely Burglar -Proof, and a perfect ventilator; Automatic in action, easily applied -to any window, as it adjusts itself to varying thicknesses of Sash, or -inside stops.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">Only One Lock is Required for</span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>A WINDOW.</b></span></p> - -<p>As it controls both Sash perfectly, bolting either or both securely in -any position desired, thereby affording means for perfect ventilation, -and at the same time absolute security against Burglars <em>and</em> -Sneak Thieves.</p> - -<p><span class="smaller">It is <b>easily operated, ornamental in appearance</b>, and does not -interfere with applying weather strips or inside blinds, and is <b>the -only Side Sash Mortise Lock that</b> can be used <b>in connection with -inside screens</b>, it having been constructed with special reference -to the same. As a rule, <b>Burglars and Sneak Thieves</b> have little -difficulty in entering dwellings through windows because of their -insecure fastenings. Hence it is just as important that <b>each and -every window</b> should be provided with a <b>good substantial lock</b> -as that the front door should be.</span></p> - -<p><span class="u"><b>Buy the Timby Burglar Proof, and take no other.</b></span><br /> -<span class="u add4em"><b>The Convenience and Absolute Security afforded will be ample reward.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small"><b>Full Directions and Pattern for setting accompany each Lock Sold.</b></span><br /> -For further information apply to <span class="large"><b>I. G. JENKINS, Oswego, N. Y.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>E. J. JOHNSON,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>ROOFING SLATE</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">MARBLEIZED SLATE MANTELS, SLATE HEARTHS, SILLS, LINTELS, ETC.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small"><b>SLATE NAILS, ROOFING FELT, SLATERS’ CEMENT, ETC.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smcap smaller"><b>Estimates Furnished on all Slate Work.</b></span></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="bangor slate"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc"><span class="sansserif">QUARRY, </span></th><th> </th><th class="tdc"><span class="sansserif">OFFICE,</span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><span class="large"><b>BANGOR, PA.</b></span></td><td> </td><td class="tdc"><span class="large"><b>18 BURLINGTON SLIP, N. Y.</b></span></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>ADAMANT</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>WALL PLASTER.</b></span><br /> -<span class="small sansserif">MANUFACTURED BY</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Adamant</span><br /> -<span class="large add4em">Manufacturing</span><br /> -<span class="large add4em">Company.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">OFFICE</span><br /> -32 EAST GENESEE STREET,<br /> -<span class="smaller">SYRACUSE, N. Y.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>The New, Cheap, and Only Superior Substitute for Common Plaster.</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">It is hard as marble, and will last as long as the building.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">It does away with the warping and shrinking of doors and casings, it -not being necessary, as with common plaster, to saturate the building -with water.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">It costs but little more than lime plaster, and its superior qualities -make it immeasurably cheaper.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">It saves waiting several weeks or months for the building to dry out. A -room finished one day can be occupied the next.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">It does not crack or fall off, even in case of leakages.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">It is applied easily by any good mason.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">It is the only material with which repairing can be done neatly and “to -stay.”</p> - -<p class="center">☞ <span class="small">For Prices and Estimates, or Further Information, Apply to or Address -the Company.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">viii</a></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>IMPORTANT</b></span><br /> -<span class="large">To Architects, Builders, House‐Painters, Decorators, Boat‐Builders and -Yachtsmen desiring an <i><b>extremely durable</b></i> Finish for Wood.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus034a.jpg" width="491" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">ROSENBERG’S<br /> -ELASTICA</p> - -<p class="caption">TRADE MARK<br /> -REGISTERED<br /> -FINISHES</p> - -<p class="caption">NO.1 & NO.2.</p></div> - -<p>Are superior to any Varnishes or Wood‐Finishes in the market, for the -following reasons, viz.:</p> - -<p><b>They possess more body, higher luster, greater resisting properties -to atmospheric influences, action of water and alkali, are more -elastic, will not scratch or mar white, and are more durable.</b></p> - -<p><b>For all classes</b></p> - -<p class="center">Inside Work,</p> - -<p><b>Requiring great durability, -use No. 2 ELASTICA -FINISH.</b></p> - -<p><b>For</b></p> - -<p class="center"> -Outside Work,<br /> -</p> - -<p><b>Requiring extreme -durability, use No. 1 -ELASTICA FINISH.</b></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="elastica"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc">WORKS:</th> -<th> </th> -<th class="tdr"><span class="normal">Manufactured by </span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>734–740 East 14th Street,</b></td> -<td class="giantm" rowspan="3">⎫<br />⎬<br />⎭</td> -<td class="tdr" rowspan="3"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>STANDARD VARNISH WORKS,</b></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>733–739 East 13th Street,</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>199–207 Avenue D.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3"><span class="larger"><b>D. ROSENBERG & SONS,</b></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><span class="large sansserif"><b>Office, 207 Avenue D,</b></span></td> -<td> </td> -<td class="tdr"><span class="large sansserif"><b>NEW YORK.</b></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3"><span class="smaller"><b>Send for Samples and Full Particulars.</b></span></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus034b.jpg" width="250" height="336" alt="door hanger" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>The “Barry” Hanger.</b></span></p> - -<p>Each wheel on the <b>“Barry Hanger”</b> is on an independent axle. All -other hangers have the two wheels on <b>one axle</b>. Consequently, -when one track settles more than the other (as they frequently do), -the <b>axle “tips,”</b> and carries the door <b>side‐wise</b> toward -the lowest track, causing an unpleasant rubbing against the track or -casings below. The <b>“Barry Hanger”</b> overcomes this trouble, and -a door will run as <b>easy</b> and <b>true</b> in the <b>center</b>, -when there is a variation of one half inch or more in the height of the -tracks, as it would when they are perfectly level.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">—MANUFACTURED BY—</span><br /> -<span class="larger"><b>SYRACUSE BOLT CO.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>SYRACUSE, N. Y.</b></span></p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>BUFF AND BLUE<br /> -AMHERST AND BEREA</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>SANDSTONE</b></span></p> - -<p>Sawed stone of all kinds. Sawed and split flagging, curbing and gutter -stone and bridge stone.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">THE CLEVELAND STONE CO., CLEVELAND, O.</span><br /> -Send for illustrated catalogue.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent">EXCELLENT <span class="smcap">Black Copies</span> of Architectural -Drawings, Sketches, etc., by the Patent</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>AUTOCOPYIST</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Only equalled by Lithography.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller"><b>Specimen Free.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>AUTOCOPYIST CO., 166 William St., New York.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>⁂ PECORA ⁂ MORTAR ⁂ COLORS ⁂</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus034c.jpg" width="446" height="500" alt="" /> -<p>Telephone 3454</p> -<p>Office<br /> -<span class="smcap">John M. Sharp</span>,<br /> -<span class="smcap">Builder</span>,<br /> -1936 SOUTH COLLEGE AVENUE,<br /> -<span class="smcap">Philadelphia.</span></p> - -<p>Philadelphia, Jan. 27, 1887</p> - -<p>Mess. S. Bowens Sons</p> - -<p>Dr Sirs</p> - -<p>After using a large quantity of your Red & Black I have found them -entirely satisfactory and in all respects the best colors I have -handled.</p> - -<p>Yrs respectfully</p> - -<p>John M Sharp</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>S. BOWEN’S SONS, 150 North 4th St., Philadelphia.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus034d.jpg" width="600" height="192" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE BRIDGEPORT WOOD FINISHING CO.</p> - -<p class="caption">G. M. BREINIG, AGENT, <span class="smcap">Principal Office At manufactory</span> -<span class="smcap">New Milford, Conn.</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">New York Business Office, 96–98 Maiden Lane. Manufacturers of</span></p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Wheelers Patent Wood Filler</span></p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Breinig’s Lithogen Silicate Paint</span>.</p> - -<p class="caption">LITHOGEN PRIMER, WOOD STAINS<br /> -SILEX FLINT AND FELDSPAR.</p> - -<p class="caption">PAMPHLET GIVING DIRECTIONS FOR FINISHING HARD WOOD FREE TO ANY ADDRESS.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>DRAW KNIFE CHAMFERER,</b></span><br /> -with adjusting screw to set it to the width of <span class="smcap">Chamfer</span> wanted.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus034e.jpg" width="400" height="156" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">PAT. JULY 19, 87.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent">For sale by the <b>Jobbing and Retail Hardware Dealers.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Sent to any address on receipt of 60c.<br /> -<b>J. H. HOAGUE, TOOL MFR., CHICOPEE, MASS.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>Two‐Horse Power Engine.</b></span> <span class="largest"><b>$75.</b></span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus034f.jpg" width="200" height="306" alt="engine" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">WITH STEEL BOILER, $150.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>Cheap, Reliable, Safe.</b></span></p> - -<p>Automatic Boiler Feed. Automatic Pop Safety Valve, Steel Boiler. Cost -of running guaranteed not to exceed three cents per hour. Nothing equal -to it ever before offered for the price. Larger sizes equally low. Send -for free descriptive circular.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">CHAS. P. WILLARD & CO.,<br /> -236 Randolph Street, Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>SHIELDS & BROWN CO.</b></span><br /> -<b>Manufacturers of</b><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>Sectional</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus034g.jpg" width="500" height="128" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">INSULATED AIR COVERS</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent">—FOR—<br /> -<b>Steam, Gas and Water Pipes, Drums, Heaters, etc.</b><br /> -<b>The Best Non‐Conductor of Heat & Cold in the World.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">Send for illustrated descriptive Circular, and name this paper.</span></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="air covers"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc"><span class="sansserif">143 Worth Street,</span></th><th> </th><th class="tdc"><span class="sansserif">78 and 80 Lake St.,</span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><span class="sansserif"><b>NEW YORK.</b></span></td><td> </td><td class="tdc"><span class="sansserif"><b>CHICAGO.</b></span></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus034h.jpg" width="400" height="217" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Screw Plates.<br /> -THE NEW LITTLE GIANT</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>Send for CATALOGUE<br /> -F. F. F.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus034i.jpg" width="275" height="221" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Adjustable Die</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>WELLS BROS. & CO.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>GREENFIELD, MASS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">MANUFACTURERS OF<br /> -<b>Screw Cutting Machinery and Tools for Machinists’, Carriage Makers’, -and Blacksmiths’ Use.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus034j.jpg" width="150" height="133" alt="portrait" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>COLEMAN</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>NAT’L BUSINESS</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest">COLLEGE.</span><br /> -<b>Newark, N. J.</b></p> - -<p>National Patronage, Best Facilities, Best course of Business Training, -Shortest Time, Lowest Rates, No Vacation. Address, H. COLEMAN, Pres.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">ESTABLISHED 1843.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Manufacturers of</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Stable Fittings and Fixtures,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>IMPROVED and PATENTED</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>IRON, BRASS, BRONZED and NICKEL‐PLATED</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">POULTRY YARD APPLIANCES, ETC.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Low estimates furnished to Architects, Builders, Carpenters, Masons, -etc.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Catalogue Mailed on Application.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">SAMUEL S. BENT & SON,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>No. 111 Chambers St., New York, N. Y.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>EVERY VARIETY OF</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger">PLAIN and FIRE PROOF</span><br /> -<span class="largest"><b>BUILDING PAPER,</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger">ASBESTOS PAPERS,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small"><b>Waterproof and Inodorous Papers, Plain and Corrugated Carpet Linings,<br /> -Deadening Felts, Roofing Materials, Tarred Board, &c., &c.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Two and Three Ply</b></span><br /> -<span class="add2em larger sansserif"><b>Keystone Prepared Roofing</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Send for Samples and Delivered Price List “B.”<br /> -<span class="large">H. F. WATSON, Manufactu’r, ERIE, PA.</span><br /> -<b>Daily Capacity of Mills, 60 Tons.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus034k.jpg" width="200" height="253" alt="man operating scroll saw" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>CHANDLER & FARQUHAR<br /> -177 Washington St.</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>BOSTON.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">New England Agents for</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">BARNES’ FOOT POWER MACHINERY</span><br /> -AND DEALERS IN<br /> -<b>Machinists’ Supplies of Every Kind</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">Send two stamps for illus. catalogue</span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>WELL</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Encyclopedia of 700 Engravings of WELL TOOLS,</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Diamond Drills and Lightning Hydraulic WELL Machines.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Book free, 25c. for mailing it.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">American Well Works, -Aurora, Ill.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Architectural Sheet‐Metal Works.</b></span></p> - -<p>Metal Building Trimmings, Ventilating Skylights, -Metallic Roofing Tiles, Building Specialties, -Builders’ Light Iron Work.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">J. S. THORN,<br /> -<b>No. 1201 Callowhill St., Philadelphia, Pa.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus034l.jpg" width="600" height="479" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="small sansserif">N. CHENEY. C. HEWLETT.</span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif">CHENEY & HEWLETT</span><br /> -<span class="smcap largest sansserif">Architectural Iron Works</span>.</p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="sansserif"><i>EVERY VARIETY OF WROUGHT AND -CAST IRON WORK FOR BUILDINGS.</i></span></p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="large sansserif">OFFICE 201 BROADWAY.</span><br /> -<span class="small sansserif">NEW YORK.</span></p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="small sansserif"><i>BOOK GIVING STRENGTH OF WROUGHT -IRON GIRDERS, BEAMS AND CAST -IRON COLUMNS, MAILED ON APPLICATION.</i></span> -</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>ARCHITECTURAL AND ORNAMENTAL</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>IRON STAIRS, GRILLES,</b></span><br /> -<span class="add4em larger"><b>GUARDS, GATES, RAILING.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Special attention to Ornamental Work.<br /> -<b>Vault, Area, and Skylight (Cement and Iron).</b><br /> - -Designs, Estimates, and Catalogues on application.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">MANLY & COOPER MFG. CO.</span><br /> - -4150 Elm Ave., Philadelphia. 271 Broadway, N. Y.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>ESTABLISHED 1844.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>SAMUEL H. FRENCH & CO.,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>York Avenue, Fourth and Callowhill Sts.,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">PHILADELPHIA, PA.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>PAINT MANUFACTURERS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Strictly Pure Lead, Zinc and Colors, Dry, in Oil, Japan,<br /> -and Ready Mixed for Use.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">PEERLESS -MORTAR COLORS</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>BLACK, BROWN, BUFF, AND RED.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Masons’ and Builders’ Supplies.</span><br /> -<b>SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND CIRCULARS.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus034m.jpg" width="350" height="221" alt="woodworking machine" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">HOYT & BROTHER</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Manufacturing Co.,<br /> - -<b>AURORA, ILL.</b><br /> - -<span class="smaller">MANUFACTURERS OF</span><br /> - -<span class="large"><b>Machinery for Working Wood.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Planing Mill Machinery<br /> -a Specialty.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Send for Catalogue.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="chilton"> -<tr> -<th class="tdr" rowspan="2"><span class="largest sansserif">CHILTON PAINTS.</span></th> -<th class="giantm" rowspan="2">⎧<br />⎪<br />⎨<br />⎪<br />⎩</th> -<th class="tdc" rowspan="2"><span class="normal smallest">The Chilton Manuf’g Co. would call the attention of Architects -and persons desiring a good article to their Pure Linseed Oil -Paints. The most durable and therefore the most economical -in use. Sample cards of colors sent on application.</span></th> -<th class="giantm" rowspan="2">⎫<br />⎪<br />⎬<br />⎪<br />⎭</th> -<th>147 Fulton St., New York.</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>141 Milk Street, Boston.</b></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">ix</a></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">HULL’S</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Patent Wrought Iron Steel Dome</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest"><b>FURNACE.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">(PATENTED SEPTEMBER 5th, 1882.)</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus035a.jpg" width="339" height="500" alt="furnace" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif">Unequaled for Heating Power, Durability, and Freedom from Gas.<br /> -<br /> -Send for Circular and References.<br /> -<br /> -Four Sizes.<br /> -<br /> -Portable and Brick Set.<br /> -<br /> -Shaking and Dumping Grate.<br /> -<br /> -No Charge for Estimating.<br /></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">MANUFACTURED AND SET BY<br /> - -<span class="larger">HULL, GRIPPEN & CO.</span><br /> - -<span class="large"><b>310 & 312 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif uo"><b>THE</b></span> <span class="larger sansserif"><b>IMPROVED FLORIDA</b></span><br /> -<span class="largest sansserif"><b>STEAM HEATER</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus035b.jpg" width="464" height="500" alt="steam heater" /> -</div> - -<p>The best and most complete House Heater in the world. Self‐feeding, -automatic, portable and saves all expense of brick‐work. Most -economical. Carries steam from 10 to 12 hours without attention. -Compact. 14 sizes, from 4 to 6 feet high. Anti‐clinker grate, easily -shaken, no dust. Sales larger than the combined sales of all reputable -Steam Heaters.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>3500 in ACTUAL USE,</b></span><br /> -all giving the best satisfaction. Estimates furnished on application. -Send for Illustrated Catalogue. Address<br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>PIERCE, BUTLER & PIERCE MFG. CO.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="smcap sansserif">Sole Manufacturers,</span> <span class="large sansserif">SYRACUSE, N. Y.</span></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="cobb"> -<tr> -<th><span class="larger sansserif">GENERAL</span></th> -<th class="giantm" rowspan="2">⎧<br />⎪<br />⎪<br />⎨<br />⎪<br />⎪<br />⎩</th> -<th class="tdc" rowspan="2">GEO. B COBB, 97 William St., New York, N. Y.<br /> -CRANE BROS. MFG. CO., Chicago, Ill.<br /> -JAS. B. ROBERTSON & CO., Baltimore, Md.<br /> -N. O. NELSON MFG. CO., St. Louis, Mo.<br /> -B. TABER & SON, Chicago, Ill.<br /> -JAMES P. WOOD & CO., Philadelphia, Pa.</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><span class="larger sansserif"><b>AGENCIES</b></span></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Black Diamond Steel Dome Furnaces.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus035c.jpg" width="364" height="500" alt="furnace" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">ALL SIZES.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Patent Self‐Cleaning Ash Pit Obviates labor, dirt, and annoyance. Sure -preventive from fire caused by hot ashes.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">PORTABLE and BRICK SET.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Common Sense Clinker‐Crushing Grate. Great saving of labor and fuel.<br /> -Perfect Dump.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small">Patented and Manufactured by</span><br /> -<span class="larger"><b>The Schoen Heater and Stove Co.</b></span><br /> -<span class="small">Office and Salesroom</span><br /> -<span class="larger"><b>13 North Eleventh St.</b><br /> -Philadelphia.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>AGENTS WANTED IN EVERY TOWN.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus035d.jpg" width="372" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BENJ. THACKARA<br /> -CHAS. THACKARA<br /> -A. M. THACKARA</p> - -<p class="caption">GAS FIXTURES</p> - -<p class="caption">Chandeliers, Lanterns, Brackets, Electroliers, -Ecclesiastical Decorations, Lamps, and Grills<br />IN ALL Metals.</p> - -<p class="caption">Designs Furnished, Estimates Given.</p> -<p class="caption">Correspondence Solicited.</p> -<p class="caption">Holiday Goods.<br /> -Bric‐a‐Brac.</p> - -<p class="caption">THACKARA SONS & CO.,<br /> -1300 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">Bartlett’s Wrought‐Iron, Brick‐Lined Portable Furnace.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>THE VETERAN,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>For fifty years has proven the Veteran’s Power, Durability, Efficiency, -and Reliability.</b></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus035e.jpg" width="323" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">HOT AIR<br /> -RADIATOR<br /> -STEEL DOME</p> -<p class="caption">JOB BARTLETT’s SONS<br /> -PHILAD.</p> -<p class="caption">USE EGG COAL<br /> -CLEAN OUT AND CHECK DOOR</p> - -<p class="caption">VETERAN PORTABLE HEATER</p> - -<p class="caption">ASHPIT MUST BE KEPT CLEAN<br /> -COLD AIR</p> - -<p class="caption">PATD SEP. 5. 1882 AND JULY 20. 1886</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>NO DUST,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>NO GAS,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>NO SMOKE,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>NO DAMPERS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><i><b>No Overheated Cast‐iron Surfaces.</b></i></p> - -<p><b>Fire Clay Lined Fire Chambers.</b></p> - -<p>The Veteran is made of Heavy Boiler Plate Iron. A Shaking and Dumping -Grate is attached, which will give you great satisfaction in its -control and management. Pure warm air in great abundance. Every furnace -is warranted to give perfect satisfaction.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="sansserif"><b>ESTABLISHED 1847.</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>Job Bartlett’s Sons, 10th & Filbert Sts., Phila.</b></span><br /> -ESTIMATES AND ADVICE FREE.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">The Globe Steam Heater</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus035fg.jpg" width="600" height="344" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">DAMPER<br /> -SAFETY VALVE<br /> -TO DRAFT DOOR</p></div> - - -<p class="noindent">Has been thoroughly tried in many private and public buildings and -always found to be the best. Very economical, and easily managed. -Large surface exposed directly to the fire. Ask for all particulars -before you place your order for any other.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small"><b>THE GLOBE SAFETY DAMPER REGULATOR SHOULD BE USED ON EVERY STEAM -HEATER IN USE.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">For new Illustrated Price List of Globe Steam Heating Appliances, address</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif"><b>Globe Steam Heater Co., North Wales, Pa.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus035h.jpg" width="329" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE DECORATOR AND FURNISHER.<br /> -FLEMING BREWSTER & ALLEY. N. Y.<br /> -PRESIDENT’S OFFICE OF THE DECORATOR AND FURNISHER COMPANY.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">The Decorator and Furnisher.</span></p> - -<p class="noindent">A magnificently illustrated magazine devoted to the one subject of home -adornment, both in furnishing and decorating. It is an artistic and -practical answer to every inquiry and want in beautifying the home.</p> - -<p><span class="u"><i><b>The Decorator and Furnisher</b></i></span> contains original designs and articles on -decoration by the best writers and most prominent artists.</p> - -<p><span class="small">The most successful magazine of its kind in this country, and it -deserves all the prosperity it enjoys.—<i>Buffalo News.</i></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Yearly Subscription. $4.00. Single Copies, 35c.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><i>30 & 32 East 14th St., New‐York.</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest smcap">Art Stained Glass</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small">FOR CHURCHES, DWELLINGS, Etc.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif">Keystone Stained Glass Works,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">271 SOUTH 5th ST., PHILADELPHIA.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">x</a></span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus036a.jpg" width="200" height="297" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">The Combination Heater.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">THE IMPROVED ECONOMY</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">Combination Steam and Warm Air</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>HEATER</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">IN ITS MANY POINTS OF MERIT</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>LEADS EVERY HEATER MADE.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif">SIMPLE, PRACTICAL, ECONOMICAL,</span><br /> -<span class="small">EMBODYING</span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif">DURABILITY and ABSOLUTE SAFETY.</span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"> -<p><b>Low Pressure</b>, Radiates Heat with from 1½ to 3 pounds of -Steam. One fire generates both Warm Air and Steam, increasing its -capacity 25 per cent. over any All‐Steam Apparatus. Automatically -regulated, maintaining a uniform temperature.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Our System of Warming Buildings with Steam Radiation and Warm Air -insures</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif u"><b>PERFECT VENTILATION.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>THE ECONOMY WARM AIR FURNACES</b></span><br /> -Have a reputation that is neither excelled nor equalled for<br /> -<span class="large">DURABILITY, POWER, AND ECONOMY,</span><br /> -<b>and are guaranteed in every respect.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large smcap">Send for New 72 Page Catalogue,</span><br /> -giving full particulars, descriptions, and illustrations of 7 different styles of the</p> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus036b.jpg" width="200" height="264" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">The Double Radiator Economy<br /> -Warm Air Furnace.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>Combination Heaters</b> </span><br /> -<span class="smaller">AND THE</span><br /> - <span class="larger sansserif"><b>Economy Warm Air</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>FURNACES.</b></span><br /> -Manufactured solely by the</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">J. F. Pease Furnace Co.,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Syracuse, N. Y., and Toronto, Ont.</b></span></p> - -<p><b>Eastern Agents.</b>—<span class="smcap">Earl B. Chace & Co.,</span> 206 Water St., -New York; <span class="smcap">John Demarest</span>, General New England Agent, 112 -Portland St., Boston; <span class="smcap">W. H. Fenner & Co</span>., Providence.</p> - -<p><b>Western Agents.</b>—<span class="smcap">Adkins & Hoffman</span>, 177 East Randolph -St., Chicago, Ill.; <span class="smcap">Goss Heating & Plumbing Co</span>., 703 Main St., -Kansas City, Mo.; <span class="smcap">Arthur A. Pond</span>, 35 Washington Ave. South, -Minneapolis, Minn.; <span class="smcap">Gage & Horton Mfg. Co</span>., 1231 Olive St., -St. Louis, Mo.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>The M. H. JACOBS’ FURNACE CO.,</b></span><br /> -Manufacturers of the celebrated wrought iron <b>spiral</b> radiator and -steel dome portable</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif">WARM AIR<br /> -FURNACES</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>With Hot Water Attachment.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">Most Perfect and Durable</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>THE KING <br /> - of HEATERS</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus036c.jpg" width="424" height="504" alt="furnace" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">It wears the</span><br /> -<span class="largest">Crown of <br /> - Superiority.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Most Economical</span><br /> -AND<br /> -<span class="largest">POWERFUL.</span></p> - -<p>The Spiral Radiator is exciting universal attention and careful -examination by the public, as evidenced by the drift of popular favor. -A cursory examination alone is sufficient to show its merits and -superiority. It combines all the requisites of a successful furnace, -viz.: Future Maintenance, Efficiency, and Power to Economize and -Radiate the Heat Desired. No less attention has been given to the -qualities upon which depend the health and vitality of our families.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">MANUFACTURED BY<br /> -<span class="larger"><b>M. H. JACOBS’ FURNACE CO., Syracuse, N. Y.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest smcap"><b>“T</b>he <b>AUBURN”</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest smcap">Steam Heating Boilers</span>,</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Automatic, Self‐Feeding, Portable.</span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus036d.jpg" width="200" height="275" alt="steam boiler" /> -</div> - -<p>Requires attention but once in from twelve to twenty‐four hours. Fuel -magazine surrounded by water. Self‐locking shaking grate. Waste of coal -<i>impossible</i>. <i>No dust.</i> <i>No gas.</i></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">The Woodcock Patent Shaking Grate, <br /> - For Boiler Furnaces of all Descriptions</span></p> - -<p>Saves its cost in a year, supplanting all other shaking grates. No -waste of coal. No burnt or broken grates. Self‐locking, and as nearly -automatic as a grate can be made.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Send for Illustrated Catalogue.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">Woodcock & Co., Auburn, N. Y.</span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="chap" /></div> - -<h2 class="chapter" id="Notes_and_Queries_Continued"><span class="larger"><b>Notes and Queries.</b></span><br /> -<span class="large">(<i>Continued from page</i> <a href="#Notes_and_Queries">vi.</a>)</span></h2> - -<p class="noindent">so as to form a mixture having the consistency of cream, and apply it -immediately with a brush. If this composition be allowed to remain for -a day or two, and be then washed off with soap and water, the marble -will appear as though it were new.</p> - -<div class="advert"><p>(6) J. M. D. asks: Is there any virtue in the “divining rod,” so -called, as a means of determining the locality of hidden streams of -water? A. None whatever. The bobbing of the stick is due to a muscular -pressure by the holder.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(7) C. W. C. desires (1) a recipe for a stain to imitate mahogany on -white birch wood, that will not raise the grain of the wood. A. A dark -mahogany stain is made as follows: Boil half a pound of madder and 2 -ounces of logwood chips in 1 gallon of water, and brush well over the -wood while hot; when dry, go over the whole with pearlash solution, -2 drachms to the quart. 2. Can you give recipe for making the acid -stain? A. In the acid stain you take nitric acid, and dilute with 10 -parts of water, and wash the wood with it. 3. Are there any books which -give full directions for imitating the different woods? A. We would -recommend for your purpose Spons’ Workshop Receipts (second series), -which we can send you, postpaid, for $2.00.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(8) A subscriber asks how to make spirit varnish suitable for -varnishing carved wood. A. Take 1 ounce copal and ½ ounce shellac; -powder them well, and put them into a bottle or jar containing 1 quart -alcohol. Place the mixture in a warm place and shake it occasionally -until the gums are completely dissolved; and when strained the varnish -will be ready for use.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(9) J. W. B. desires a recipe for some fire‐extinguishing liquid. -A. One of the best solutions for the extinction of incipient fires -consists of crude calcium chloride 20 parts, salt 5 parts, dissolved in -water 75 parts. Keep at hand, and apply with a hand pump.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(10) G. H. A. says: I have lately made a workshop of an upper room, -and have put in a lathe, boiler, and engine of a total weight of -2,400 pounds, resting upon 3 joists 3 inches by 9 inches by 16 feet 0 -inches. Will it strengthen the floor sufficiently to enable it to carry -the increased weight if I bolt three 3 inch by 8 inch joists to the -existing ones? A. You had better use 4 inch by 8 inch joists bolted -with ⅜ inch bolts about 10 inches apart. Take care to provide solid -bearings for your new joists, wedging the ends up with tiles in cement.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(11) W. A. writes: I have noticed in your issue of the <span class="smcap">Scientific -American</span>, at various times, the receipt for making a printing -machine called the hektograph. You also gave a recipe for making a -black ink to be used with the same. I have tried both, but I find -a great difficulty in gaining a success. I have tried the process -for the ink in the manner you describe, but I fail to produce any -copies. Ink is prepared with nigrosine. It will not create a bronze. -Would you therefore kindly direct me in the right direction, that is -to say, to get a black ink that can be used by the hektograph? A. -The ink you desire is made by dissolving soluble nigrosine (aniline -black) in 5 to 7 parts of water. It should be a saturated solution and -rather thick. For use on the hektograph it is best to use a purple -ink. See “The Copying Pad,” etc., contained in <span class="smcap">Scientific American -Supplement</span>, No. 438.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(12) A. C. R. writes: Can you recommend me a good rubber cement? I wish -to cement leather together, the cement to be waterproof, to resist oil, -and the leather to retain its elasticity after pressing. A. Dissolve -gutta percha in bisulphide of carbon; shave off the edges of the -leather, and pour on the cement; allow to evaporate to dryness. Then -put the two faces together, previously heating thoroughly, and press -until cool.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(13) G. F. asks the best kind of a vessel to make liquid gold in, for -potter’s use. A. Either a glass or a porcelain vessel will answer.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(14) W. J. M. asks how papier mache is made to stand the action of -water. A. Coat with a mixture made by fusing together equal parts -of pitch and gutta percha, to which is added two parts of linseed -oil containing five parts of litharge. Continue the heat until the -ingredients are uniformly commingled, and apply warm.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(15) J. D. & Co. ask a process to prevent the smuts from escaping in -the air from a lampblack house. A. Carry the outlet of your lampblack -chamber to one side and into the top of a vertical shaft, where place a -rose jet of water. Have the water drop vertically in an even spray, so -as to produce a draught down the shaft. The water will gather the waste -lampblack, which can be either utilized or run into the sewer. A vent -at the bottom of the shaft may connect with a chimney or into the open -air. A pump or city water supply will be required.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(16) W. D. G., Jr., asks how large a main pipe will be required to -supply 6 hydrants and 50 dwelling houses, the water to be brought 1 -mile with a 70′ head; the hydrants to be used with a 1″ nozzle, and -there being no probability of more than two being required at a time? -A. About a 6″ pipe; a smaller one would not give the desired pressure -for hydrant uses.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(17) S. M. writes: Can you give a formula for a brilliant waterproof -finishing polish to be used on veneer after it is rubbed down with -pumice stone and water? The polish to be applied the same as French -polish. Use linseed oil 1½ pounds, amber 1 pound, litharge 5 ounces, -white lead, pulverized, 5 ounces, minium 5 ounces. Boil the linseed -oil in an untinned copper vessel, and suspend in it the litharge and -minium in a small bag, which must touch the bottom of the vessel. -Continue the boiling until the oil has acquired a deep brown color, -then take out of the bag and put in a clove of garlic; this is to be -repeated 7 or 8 times, the boiling being always continued. Before the -amber is added to the oil it is to be mixed with 2 ounces linseed oil -and melted over a fire that is well kept up. When the mass is fluid, it -is to be boiled and stirred continually for 2 or 3 minutes; afterward -filter the mixture, and preserve it in bottles tightly corked. When -this varnish is used, the wood must be previously well polished and -covered with a thin coat of soot and spirits of turpentine. When the -coat is dry some of the varnish may be applied, which should be equally -distributed on every part with a small, fine sponge. This operation -must be repeated four times, being always careful that each coat will -be well dried first. After the last coat of varnish, the wood must be -dried in an oven and afterward polished.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(18) G. P. writes: We want some plan to prevent the noise or work of -our lodge room (I.O.O.F.) from being heard in the room below; we have a -good floor and carpet, good partitions, walls plastered, etc., but are -willing to go to quite an expense to remedy the present defect on this -score. A. Probably you have no deafening under the floor. In such case -there are only two ways that we can suggest for your trouble: To take -up the floor and put in a plaster deafening between the seams. Next, -to take up the carpet and lay two thicknesses of roof felting or paper -boards (book‐binders’ boards might do, or paper carpet lining). Then -lay battens across the floor, and a new floor on the battens. Do not -nail the battens to the old floor. Then lay the carpet lining and the -carpet on the lining.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(19) W. A.—To clean marble from discoloration: Try 2 parts sodium -carbonate, 1 of pumice stone, and 1 of finely powdered chalk. Mix into -a fine paste with water. Rub this over the marble, and the stains will -be removed; then wash with soap and water.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(20) F. B. asks in regard to papier mache floor covering: 1. Will it -hurt to use printed paper? A. According to the article “A Papier Mache -Floor Covering” we find Manila paper recommended. It is very likely -that newspaper would answer, but it is by no means as strong an article -as the variety spoken of. 2. How thick will that covering be? A. The -thickness depends upon whether more than a single thickness of the -paper is used—probably from one‐sixteenth to one‐eighth of an inch in -thickness. 3. How long will it be before it is ready for use? A. That -depends entirely upon the drying; if artificial heat is applied, we -should think that the whole operation could be carried through and the -covering finished within a week.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(21) C. C. C. asks: Which would be the best test for water works—to -have three streams on one main near each other, or three streams on -different mains scattered over the town? The mains 8 inches, 6 inches, -and 4 inches, works half a mile from town. A. If you are testing in the -interest of contractors, place the trial streams as near the source of -supply as possible, and also near the 8 inch main. A fair test will be -to locate the streams widely apart on one distributing branch.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(22) F. L. asks how to imitate walnut graining. A. Try the following: -The wood, previously thoroughly dried and warmed, is coated once or -twice with a stain composed of 1 ounce extract of walnut peel dissolved -in 6 ounces of soft water by heating it to boiling, and stirring. The -wood, thus treated, when half dry is brushed with a solution of 1 ounce -potassium bichromate in 5 ounces boiling water, and is then allowed to -dry thoroughly, and is to be rubbed and polished as usual.</p></div> - -<div class="advert"><p>(23) Z. T. D. asks: How much water per second will flow through a 14 -inch pipe, 80 feet long, with 8 feet head? Also, 18 inch and 21 inch -pipes, same conditions? A. The discharge for 14 inch pipe, 18 cubic -feet per second. For 18 inch pipe, 34 cubic feet per second. For 21 -inch pipe, 50 cubic feet per second.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="large">Full plans and specifications for any of the various buildings -illustrated in this work may be obtained, on very moderate terms, at -this office. These include churches, schools, dwellings, enlargements, -extensions, wings, etc. The two volumes for the past year, which may -be purchased for $3, contain nearly 200 elevations and many plans. -Address Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, Architects and Builders Edition</span> -<span class="smcap large">Scientific American</span>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>PATENTS.</b></span></p> - -<p>Messrs. Munn & Co., in connection with the publication of the -<span class="smcap">Scientific American</span>, continue to examine improvements, and to -act as Solicitors of Patents for Inventors.</p> - -<p>In this line of business they have had <i>forty‐one years’ experience</i>, -and now have <i>unequaled facilities</i> for the preparation of Patent -Drawings, Specifications, and the prosecution of Applications for -Patents in the United States, Canada, and Foreign Countries. Messrs -Munn & Co. also attend to the preparation of Caveats, Copyrights for -Books, Labels, Reissues, Assignments, and Reports on Infringements of -Patents. All business intrusted to them is done with special care and -promptness, on very reasonable terms.</p> - -<p>A pamphlet sent free of charge, on application, containing full -information about Patents and how to procure them; directions -concerning Labels, Copyrights, Designs, Patents, Appeals, Reissues, -Infringements, Assignments, Rejected Cases, Hints on the Sale of -Patents, etc.</p> - -<p>We also send, <i>free of charge</i>, a Synopsis of Foreign Patent Laws, -showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal -countries of the world.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"> -<b>MUNN & CO., Solicitors of Patents</b>,</span><br /> -<span class="add4em">361 Broadway, New York.</span><br /> -BRANCH OFFICES.—No. 622 and 624 F Street, Pacific -Building, near 7th Street, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">xi</a></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Duplex Steam‐Heater Co.</b></span><br /> -<span class="small"><b>Manufacturers under FISKE’S PATENTS,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>10 Barclay Street, New York.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus037a.jpg" width="391" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><i>Simplest in Construction. -Largest Steaming Capacity</i>.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Write for References and Discount</span>.</p> - -<p class="caption">Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Price‐List.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Agents Wanted Everywhere</span>.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif u"><b>THE NEW ERA RADIATOR</b></span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus037b.jpg" width="189" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SEMI‐SECTIONAL VIEW.</p></div> - -<p><span class="large">Will utilize the heat that now escapes up your chimney.</span></p> - -<p>It will save <b>500</b> to <b>1,000</b> lbs. of coal out of every ton.</p> - -<p><b>Can be put on any stove pipe</b>, either in the room with the stove, -to increase the heat, or it will heat room adjoining or room above.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>COSTS LITTLE.<br /> -SAVES MUCH</b>.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Send for Circular and Testimonials.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>Wilmot Castle & Co.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>Rochester, N. Y.</b></span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>GATES IMPROVED HOT WATER HEATER</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus037c.jpg" width="500" height="356" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="large"><b>Office of FITCHBURG GAS CO.</b></span></p> - -<p><span class="right"><span class="smcap">Fitchburg</span>, May 17, 1887.</span><br /> -Mr. <span class="smcap">E. N. Gates</span>.<br /> -<span class="smcap add1em">Dear Sir</span>: Having now used your system of Hot Water Circulation -in my house from December first to May fifth, it gives me pleasure -to say that it has met the requirements of the extreme cold of the -past winter and the mild weather of the spring months in the most -perfect manner, giving out just the temperature for comfort in all the -variations of temperature outside, and with great economy in fuel. - Yours respectfully,<br /> -<span class="right">H. F. COGGSHALL, <i>Treasurer and Manager</i>.</span></p></div> - -<p><b>The following Special Advantages over other Methods of Heating</b>:</p> - -<p>1st.—<span class="smcap">Over Hot Air Furnaces</span>.—No Dust! No Burnt Air! No Gas! -and ability to send the heat where it is wanted, without regard to -direction of wind or height of cellar, and using less fuel for amount -of space heated.</p> - -<p>2d.—<span class="smcap">Over Steam, High or Low Pressure</span>.—From the fact the -temperature of water in radiators can be between 70° and 212° or -higher, thus adapting it to all degrees of outside temperature, -thereby, taking the season through, it makes a great saving in fuel -in this point alone, besides the comfort of having a building evenly -heated.</p> - -<p>3d.—<span class="smcap">Over Other Hot Water Systems</span>.—In all others, the water -goes to Radiators from one common reservoir. Therefore, being next -to impossible to have all rooms heated alike. Different rooms will -receive current of water at different rates of speed. With this system -all rooms can be heated alike, when desired, from the fact that each -current is provided with an independent boiler, and the hot water must -go where the pipe leads, and you have perfect control over every room, -and can be put in at less cost than any other system of hot water -heating to do the same work.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>For Illustrated Circular, References, and Full Particulars, address</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>E. N. GATES, Box 1504, FITCHBURGH, MASS.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>NEW YORK SAFETY DUMB WAITER FIXTURES</b></span><br /> -Patented United States, April 19th, 1887; in Canada, May 18th, 1887.</p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus037d.jpg" width="166" height="500" alt="dumb waiter" /> -</div> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus037e.jpg" width="166" height="500" alt="dumb waiter" /> -</div> - -<p>The MOST COMPLETE, -SIMPLE and ABSOLUTELY -SAFE WAITER made. Provided -with SAFETY ROPE, -AVOIDING ACCIDENT. ENTIRELY -NOISELESS, and -moves with perfect ease.</p> - -<p class="nomargin">FIXTURES ONE SIZE -ONLY, adapted to any size -waiter. Can be adjusted -by any CARPENTER or -MECHANIC. DIAGRAM and -FULL DIRECTIONS ACCOMPANY -EACH SET.</p> - -<p class="nomargin">HANDSOMELY BRONZED, -and packed ONE SET in a -BOX. Sold by the Hardware -trade.</p> - -<p class="center">PRICE, 15.00.</p> - -<p>For catalogue address -the manufacturers.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>THE EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., Limited,<br /> -Poughkeepsie, N. Y.<br /> -or, JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO., Sole Mfrs. Agents,<br /> -113 Chambers Street, New York.</b></span></p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus037f.jpg" width="350" height="246" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smaller">N. W. AYER–SON. PHILA.</span></p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>ARTISTIC HOMES, 1887.</b></span></p> - -<p class="noindent">The most practical work published. Contains <b>76</b> full page -<b>Illustrations</b> of Queen Anne and Colonial Villas and Cottages, -costing from $1500 upward. Price <b>$4.50</b>. Parties contemplating -building cheap or expensive residences will find it to their advantage -to correspond with us.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">FULLER & WHEELER,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>Architects,</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger"><b>ALBANY, N. Y.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="boxp1em"> -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus037g.jpg" width="500" height="214" alt="western tennessee hospital for the insane" /> -</div> - -<p>Our celebrated <b>ALDERLY</b> brand was selected by the Commissioners -of the Western Tennessee Hospital for the Insane at Bolivar, Tennessee, -for the Roof, Gutters and Valleys of the building, over <b>all other -leading brands</b> of Terne Plates after a thorough test of all its -qualities.</p> - -<p>These buildings required over <b>1000</b> boxes of <b>ALDERLY</b> -Brand Terne Plate, which is the <b>largest contract ever made for one -particular brand</b> of Roofing Tin.</p> - -<p>The <b>ALDERLY</b> Brand was selected <b>purely on its merits</b>.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">GUMMEY, SPERING, INGRAM & CO.,</span><br /> -<span class="larger">PHILADELPHIA—LIVERPOOL.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">P. S.—The <b>ALDERLY</b> is the only <b>perfectly square</b> Terne -plate in the market, being <b>resheared</b> before coating.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">xii</a></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">THE FEW ADVANTAGES OF THE COMBINATION SYSTEM AS DEMONSTRATED BY</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>THE PERFECTLY COMBINED STEAM AND WARM AIR HEATING APPARATUS.</b></span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus038a.jpg" width="200" height="242" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Portable: 3 sizes, 28, 32, and 36 inch.</p></div> - -<p><span class="smaller"><b>1st</b>.—Two results with but one fire.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smaller"><b>2d</b>.—All benefit derived from a Steam Heater is radiated in -the Combination, while no sacrifice is made in wasting what you are -compelled to burn before reaching Steam Radiation (212 degrees).</span></p> - -<p><span class="smaller"><b>3d</b>.—With steam, when fire is banked for the night, radiation -ceases—in the Combination, never!</span></p> - -<p><span class="smaller"><b>4th</b>.—With steam, the consumption of fuel is the same at 60° -as it is at zero. In the Combination, you burn only what the outside -temperature demands.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smaller"><b>5th</b>.—The drafts are automatically arranged, requiring no -further attention.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smaller"><b>6th</b>.—In zero weather all Hot Air Heaters are weak—in the -Combination, steam supplies the power whenever wanted.</span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus038b.jpg" width="300" height="286" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Brick set: 5 sizes, 28, 32, 36, 40, and 48 inch.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent">With these positive advantages, it is no difficult matter to decide -which to purchase.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">A home well heated is a necessity. This comfort can be secured by a -little outlay.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>THE PERFECTLY COMBINED</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>Steam and Warm Air Heating Apparatus</b></span><br /> -IS MANUFACTURED BY THE<br /> -<span class="large"><b>WEIR & NIXON STEAM and WARM AIR HEATING CO.</b></span><br /> -<span class="small">1410 & 1412 North Sixth St., Philadelphia, Pa.<br /> -<b>CATALOGUES SENT TO PARTIES WISHING HEATING APPARATUS.</b></span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">The</span> <span class="largest">OMEGA FIREPLACE FURNACE</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus038cd.jpg" width="600" height="287" alt="fireplaces" /> -</div> - -<p>20 page illustrated catalogue, containing full information and prices, -sent to any address.</p> - -<p>A Double Heater and Perfect Ventilator. A Revolution in Fireplace -Heating. Gives the combined heat of both a Furnace and Fireplace, with -Perfect Ventilation. Equalizes the heat in every part of the room. -Burns equally well Hard or Soft Coal, Wood or Coke. Address</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">OMEGA STOVE AND GRATE CO.,</span><br /> -<span class="large">89 Euclid Ave., </span><span class="large add4em">Cleveland, Ohio.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>The Draper Recording Thermometer.</b></span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus038e.jpg" width="250" height="352" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Size 14 × 20 in. <i>Patented. Copyrighted.</i></p></div> - -<p>This thermometer gives a permanent and continuous record in ink of the -temperature. The chart indicating hours of the day and days of the week -gives the degrees of temperature from 20° below zero to 110° above. All -instruments are accurately adjusted and warranted. The record is easily -read and absolutely correct. Sold by the leading instrument dealers and -opticians throughout the United States and Canada, and by</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>The DRAPER</b><br /> -MANUFACTURING CO.</span></p> - -<p>Owners of the United States and foreign patents. -152 Front Street, New York</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus038f.jpg" width="177" height="400" alt="feedwater boiler" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>THE BARAGWANATH STEAM JACKET<br /> -Feedwater Boiler and Purifier.</b></span><br /></p> - -<p>Boils the feedwater. Keeps the boiler clean. Saves boiler repairs. -Saves from 15 to 40 per cent. of fuel. Large heating surface. No -radiating surface. No back pressure. Thoroughly utilizes the exhaust. -Strong and durable. Over 5,000 in use. Send for circular.</p> - -<p>WM. BARAGWANATH & SON. 40 West -Division Street, Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<p>JAS. B. CROUTHERS, M. E., General Eastern -Manager, 112 Liberty Street, New York.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b> -DRAWING INSTRUMENTS,<br /> -DRAWING PAPER,<br /> -BLUE PROCESS PAPER,<br /> -AMERICAN LIQUID INK.</b></span></p> - -<p>A fully illustrated and priced catalogue of 200 pages of all -instruments and materials used by draughtsmen sent upon mention of this -paper.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"> -<b>G. S. WOOLMAN,</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger">116 FULTON ST.,</span><br /> -<span class="large right"><b>NEW YORK.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>“MERSHON” PATENT</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>SHAKING GRATE</b></span></p> - -<p>For Steam and Hot Air Furnaces. The most reliable and Perfect Shaking -Grate in the world. Send for catalogue. “Mershon” Patent Shaking Grate, -Heater and Range Works,</p> - -<p><b>1203 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="large">HOW TO MAKE AN INCUBATOR.—</span><br /> -Full directions, illustrated with 7 figures. Also directions for -operating the apparatus. Contained in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, -No. <b>612.</b> Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and from all -news‐dealers.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>MINERAL WOOL!</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b> -INDESTRUCTIBLE. FIRE‐PROOF. SOUND‐PROOF.<br /> -FROST‐PROOF. VERMIN‐PROOF. ODORLESS.</b></span><br /> -</p> - -<p class="center noindent">For Deadening, Fire‐Proofing, Insulation of Heat and Cold in Buildings, -Prevention of Frost in Water or Gas Pipes.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus038g.jpg" width="500" height="141" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">MINERAL WOOL FIRE PROOF COVERING<br /> -(Patented May 29, 1883.)</p></div> - -<p>Also Fire‐Proof Sectional Coverings for Steam Pipes and Boilers. Best -non‐conductor for all surfaces, Steam or Fire Heat. Will not Char, -Crack, or Burn. Easily applied and removed by any one, and is indorsed -by Insurance Companies. For full information and sample free, address</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Western Mineral Wool Co.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>Box 123. CLEVELAND, O.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="western mineral"> -<tr> -<th><span class="normal smaller">EDWARD FORD,</span> <span class="normal smaller smcap">Prest</span>.</th> -<th> </th> -<th><span class="normal smaller">E. L. FORD,</span> <span class="normal smaller smcap">Secy.</span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><span class="smaller">A. PITCAIRN,</span> <span class="smcap smaller">Vice‐prest</span>.</td> -<td> </td> -<td><span class="smaller">JOHN F. SCOTT,</span> <span class="smcap smaller">Treas</span>.</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS CO.,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>CREIGHTON, PA.,</b></span></p> - -<p>MANUFACTURERS</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>POLISHED PLATE GLASS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Ground and Rough Plate Glass for Floors and Skylights.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">Three‐sixteenths thickness, made expressly for fine residences.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>LARGE AND WIDE GLASS A SPECIALTY.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">The Largest Plates of Glass in the cities of Chicago, Cleveland,<br /> -Detroit, St. Paul, Syracuse, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia,<br /> -Baltimore, and in many New York buildings, were<br /> -manufactured at our works.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>IMMENSE PRODUCTION.</b></span></p> - -<p>The combined production of our two factories is 260,000 square feet -per month. The largest production of any factory in the world, which -enables us to fill our orders promptly.</p> - -<p>The high reputation and unprecedented large sale of glass made by this -company since its organization is due entirely to its superior quality, -NATURAL GAS alone being used throughout both works as fuel.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>—CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.—</b></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="pittsburg plate glass"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc"><span class="small"><i>Works No. 1,</i></span></th> -<th> </th> -<th class="tdc"><span class="small"><i>Works No. 2,</i></span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><b>CREIGHTON, PA.</b></td> -<td> </td> -<td class="tdc"><b>TARENTUM, PA.</b></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p class="center noindent">WESTERN UNION WIRE AND TELEPHONE CONNECTION IN GENERAL -OFFICE, CREIGHTON, PA.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>REFRIGERATORS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Estimates furnished (under new construction) for</span><br /> -<span class="largest">Hotels, Stores and Butchers’ Use</span><br /> -ALSO A LINE</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>FOR RESIDENCES,</b></span><br /> - -BY<br /> -<b>FRANK W. LOCKWOOD,</b><br /> -<span class="smaller"><b>240 South Second St., Philadelphia.</b></span> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">xiii</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus039a.jpg" width="273" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption noindent">J. I. CASE<br /> -T. M. Cᴼ.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Saw Mills</span></p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Stationary & Portable Engines</span> -and <span class="smcap">Threshers</span>.</p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Racine Wisconsin</span>.</p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Send for Illustrated Catalogue</span></p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>23 Awards of Merit for Superiority.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus039d.jpg" width="450" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Walter Shingle.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small"><b>The oldest, the best, the cheapest.</b></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus039e.jpg" width="500" height="63" alt="section through shingles" /> -</div> - -<p class="noindent">Locks of one piece. No cleats or springs. Simple and perfect. Made in -four sizes, of Copper, Tin, Steel, or Galvanized Tin.</p> - -<p>Full line of Roofing Sundries.</p> - -<p>If you want an antique finish, get our Queen Anne Shingles.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small"><i>Send for Catalogue and Price List, special to the trade.</i></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus039f.jpg" width="500" height="460" alt="a dwelling" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Wholesale Agents:</b></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1 nomargin"><span class="smaller smcap">W. W. Montague & Co</span>., <span class="smaller">San Francisco, Cal., Pacific Coast.</span></p> -<p class="hangingindent1 nomargin"><span class="smaller smcap">Knisely & Miller</span>, <span class="smaller">Chicago, Ill.</span></p> -<p class="hangingindent1 nomargin"><span class="smaller smcap">Geo. Tritch Hardware Co</span>., <span class="smaller">Denver, Col.</span></p> -<p class="hangingindent1 nomargin"><span class="smaller smcap">Phillips & Buttorff Mfg. Co</span>., <span class="smaller">Nashville, Tenn.</span></p> -<p class="hangingindent1 nomargin"><span class="smaller smcap">McDonald, Kemp & Co</span>., <span class="smaller">Toronto, Sole Agts., Canada.</span></p> -<p class="hangingindent1 nomargin"><span class="smaller smcap">Jerome Twichell & Co</span>., <span class="smaller">Kansas City, Mo.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap larger">The Nat’l Sheet Metal Roofing Co.,</span> -510 to 520 E. 20th St. N. Y.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus039b.jpg" width="200" height="200" alt="gushing well" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>ARTESIAN</b></span></p> - -<p class="noindent">Wells, Oil and Gas Wells, drilled by contract to any depth, from 50 to -3000 feet. We also manufacture and furnish everything required to drill -and complete same. Portable Horse Power and Mounted Steam Drilling -Machines for 100 to 600 ft. Send 6 cents for illustrated catalogue.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"> -<b>Pierce Well Excavator Co.<br /> -New York.</b></span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>USEFUL BOOKS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1">Manufacturers, Agriculturists, Chemists, Engineers, Mechanics, -Builders, men of leisure, and professional men, of all classes, need -good books in the line of their respective callings. Our post office -department permits the transmission of books through the mails at very -small cost. A comprehensive catalogue of useful books by different -authors, on more than fifty different subjects, has just been published -for free circulation at the office of this paper. Subjects classified, -with names of author. Persons desiring a copy have only to ask for it, -and it will be mailed to them.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> -<p class="noindent"><span class="larger">TITLE OF SUBJECTS:</span></p> - -<p class="noindent"> -AGRICULTURE.<br /> -ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY.<br /> -ANIMALS, DOMESTIC.<br /> -ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING.<br /> -ANALYSIS AND ASSAYING.<br /> -ASTRONOMY.<br /> -BIOLOGY, ZOOLOGY, ETC.<br /> -BOTANY.<br /> -BREWING AND DISTILLING.<br /> -CABINET MAKING, CARVING, AND TURNING.<br /> -CARPENTRY.<br /> -CHEMISTRY.<br /> -CIVIL ENGINEERING.<br /> -COOKING.<br /> -DICTIONARIES AND CYCLOPEDIAS.<br /> -DRAWING, ETCHING, ENGRAVING, ETC.<br /> -DYEING AND PRINTING.<br /> -ELECTRICITY.<br /> -FISHING, SHOOTING, ETC.<br /> -GAS.<br /> -GEOLOGY & MINERALOGY.<br /> -HEAT.<br /> -HORTICULTURE AND ARBORICULTURE.<br /> -HOROLOGY.<br /> -HYDRAULICS.<br /> -LAW.<br /> -LEATHER.<br /> -MATHEMATICS AND SURVEYING.<br /> -MACHINERY.<br /> -MARINE ENGINEERING.<br /> -MECHANICS.<br /> -MEDICINE AND SURGERY.<br /> -MENTAL SCIENCE.<br /> -METALLURGY.<br /> -MICROSCOPY.<br /> -MILLS AND MILLING.<br /> -MILITARY ENGINEERING TACTICS, ETC.<br /> -MINING.<br /> -MISCELLANEOUS.<br /> -MOULDING AND FOUNDING.<br /> -NATURAL HISTORY, ETC.<br /> -NAVIGATION.<br /> -PAINTING.<br /> -PERFUMERY.<br /> -PHOTOGRAPHY.<br /> -PHYSICS.<br /> -POLITICAL ECONOMY.<br /> -POTTERY.<br /> -SANITARY ENGINEERING.<br /> -SCIENCE SERIES.<br /> -STEAM ENGINEERING.<br /> -STEEL AND IRON.<br /> -STONE.<br /> -TAXIDERMY.<br /> -TEXTILE MANUFACTURES.<br /> -TECHNOLOGY.<br /> -</p></div> - -<p class="center"><b>Address MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York.</b></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus039c.jpg" width="200" height="200" alt="medallion" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>RUBBER BELTING, PACKING, HOSE,</b></span><br /> -AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF<br /> -<span class="largest"><b>RUBBER GOODS,</b></span><br /> -——FOR——<br /> -<span class="large"><b>MECHANICAL and MANUFACTURING PURPOSES.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">The Largest and Most Extensive Manufacturers in America.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>THE GUTTA PERCHA AND RUBBER MFG. CO.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Toronto.</b></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus039g.jpg" width="551" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smaller">CONANT BOSTON</span></p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>MARSTON’S</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Hand & Foot Power</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Circular Saw.</b></span></p> - -<p>Iron frame 36 inches high. Top 80 × 40 inches, centre part of iron with -planed grooves on each side of saw for cutting off gauges to slide -in. Ripping gauge slides in iron groove. Steel shafts. Gears are all -machine cut from solid iron. Boring table and side treadle. Two 6‐inch -saws and two cranks with each machine. Weight 350 pounds.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">Send for price list.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>J. M. Marston & Co.</b></span><br /> -<b>Cor. Appleton & Tremont Sts.,</b><br /> -<b><span class="add4em">BOSTON, MASS.</span></b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">Plans and Specifications.</span></p> - -<p>Full plans, specifications, and sheets of details, complete, ready for -the builder, may be obtained at this office, for any of the structures -illustrated in this publication. We also prepare plans for buildings -of every description, including churches, colleges, schools, stores, -dwellings, carriage houses, barns, etc.</p> - -<p>We are assisted in this work by able architects, and we try to make -our estimates reliable, so that the work can be done by any reliable -builder at the prices named. Terms moderate.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>MUNN & CO.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="add4em">361 Broadway New York.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest smcap">Valuable Books for Architects, Builders, Etc.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Promptly sent, on receipt of the price, by</span> <span class="larger"><b>MUNN & Co.</b></span> <span class="large">No. 361 -Broadway, New York City.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>AMERICAN COTTAGES.</b><br /> -Consisting of 44 large quarto plates. Containing Original Designs of -Medium and Low‐cost Cottages, Seaside and Country Houses; also a Club -House, School House, Pavilion, and a small Seaside Chapel, together -with a Form of Specification for Cottages. One large quarto volume. -<span class="add4em"><b>$5.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ POCKET‐BOOK.</b><br /> -Containing Original Tables and Valuable Information for Architects, -Builders, Engineers, and Contractors. By E. F. Kidder. Fully -illustrated with plates. Put up in pocket‐book form, morocco flaps -<span class="add4em"><b>$3.50</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>ARCHITECT’S HAND‐BOOK.</b><br /> -A Hand‐Book of Formulæ, Tables, and Memoranda, for Architectural -Surveyors and others engaged in Building. By J. T. Hurst, C.E. -Thirteenth edition. Royal 32mo, roan <span class="add4em"><b>$2.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS.</b><br /> -Containing 387 designs and 967 illustrations of the various Parts -needed in the Construction of Buildings, Public and Private, both for -the City and Country; also, Plans and Elevations of Houses, Stores, -Cottages, and other Buildings. By M. F. Cummings, M.A., Architect, -Associate Author of “Architecture, by Cummings & Miller.” One large 4to -volume, 56 plates. Reduced from $10.00 to <span class="add4em"><b>$6.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES.</b><br /> -PART I.—12 Designs for Low‐cost Houses. This set includes the Prize -Designs for $2,500 Houses of “Building Competition No. 1.” These will -show Elevations, Plans, and Details, together with Specifications, -Bills of Materials, and Estimates of Cost. In addition to the above, -there are given a number of other Designs, ranging in cost from $500 to -$4,000 <span class="add4em"><b>$1.00</b></span><br /> -PART II.—Store Fronts and Interior Details. Containing 12 plates of -Designs and Details for the following classes of Stores: Drug Store, -Restaurant, Village Shop, Retail 25‐ft. Store, Bank and Office Finish, -Cigar Store, Corner Dry Goods Store, Store Front, Basement, and First -Story, and others <span class="add4em"><b>$1.00</b></span><br /> -PART III.—Stables. Containing 12 plates of Stables suitable for -Village Lots, ranging in cost from $300 upward. This set of plates will -contain a fine selection of Designs giving Exteriors, Plans, and some -Details. Paper portfolio <span class="add4em"><b>$1.00</b></span><br /> -PART IV.—Seaside and Southern Houses. 12 plates of Designs for Cheap -Houses, with ample Verandas, suited to a summer climate. Average cost, -$1,500 <span class="add4em"><b>$1.00</b></span><br /> -PART V.—Outbuildings. Containing 12 plates of Designs of small -Stables, Summer Houses, Pavilions, Privies, Fences, Gates, etc. -<span class="add4em"><b>$1.00</b></span><br /> -PART VI.—Perspectives, Elevations, and Plans, with Specifications, -Bills of Materials, etc., of Houses costing from $500 to $2,500 -<span class="add4em"><b>$1.00</b></span><br /> -PART VII.—Designs for Door and Window Finish, Wainscoting, Mantels, -Closets, etc. <span class="add4em"><b>$1.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>ARCHITECTURE.</b><br /> -Encyclopedia of Gwilt’s, Historical, Theoretical, and Practical. New -edition, revised, with Alterations and considerable Additions. By Wyatt -Papworth, F.R.I.B.A. Nearly 1,600 wood engravings (about 500 being new -to the work). Thick 8vo, cloth <span class="add4em"><b>$20.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>BRICKS, TILES, AND TERRA COTTA.</b><br /> -A Treatise on the Manufacture and Materials, Tools, Machines, and Kilns -used. By Charles T. Davis. 800 pages, 228 engravings, and 6 plates -<span class="add4em"><b>$5.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>BUILDING SUPERINTENDENCE.</b><br /> -By Professor Theodore M. Clark. One vol. Profusely illustrated with -Plans, Diagrams, etc. <span class="add4em"><b>$3.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.</b><br /> -A Complete Manual of the Details of Construction, illustrated with -a large number of engravings.<br /> -PART I. Contents: Walling and Arches; -Brickwork; Masonry; Carpentry; Floors; Partitions; Timber Roofs; Iron -Roofs; Slating; Plumbers’ Work; Cast Iron Girders, etc.; Joinery.<br /> -PART II. Contents: Brickwork and Masonry; Timber Roofs; Roof Coverings; -Built‐up Beams; Curved Ribs; Timber and Iron Girders; Centers; Joinery; -Stairs; Riveting; Fire‐Proof Floors; Iron Roofs; Plasterers’ Work; -Painting, Paper‐Hanging and Glazing. Price of each <span class="add4em"><b>$3.50</b></span><br /> -PART III. Materials: 1. Stone; 2. Bricks, Tiles, Terra Cotta, etc.; 3. -Limes, Cements, Mortar, Concrete, Plaster, and Asphalts; 4. Metals; -5. Timber; 6. Paints and Varnishes; 7. Glass; 8. Paper‐Hanging; 9. -Miscellaneous. Post‐paid <span class="add4em"><b>$6.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>CARPENTRY MADE EASY;</b><br /> -Or, The Science and Art of Framing on a New and Improved System. With -Specific Instructions for Building Balloon Frames, Barn Frames, Mill -Frames, Warehouses, Church Spires, etc. Comprising also a System of -Bridge Building, with Bills, Estimates of Cost, and valuable Tables. -Illustrated by 44 plates, comprising nearly 200 figures. By William L. -Bell, Architect and Practical Builder. 8vo <span class="add4em"><b>$5.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>CHURCH ARCHITECTURE, WITHERS’.</b><br /> -One large volume of fifty‐one 9 × 14 plates, substantially bound in -extra cloth, sent by mail or express to any part of the United States -upon receipt of price, reduced from $15.00 to <span class="add4em"><b>$10.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>CONCRETE.</b><br /> -A Practical Treatise on Natural and Artificial Concrete, its Varieties -and Constructive Adaptations. By Henry Reid, C.E., author of “The -Science and Art of the Manufacture of Portland Cement.” Third edition, -8vo, cloth <span class="add4em"><b>$6.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>COTTAGES;</b><br /> -Or, Hints on Economical Building. Containing 24 plates of Medium -and Low‐cost Houses, contributed by different New York Architects; -together with descriptive letterpress, giving Practical Suggestions -for Cottage Building. Compiled and edited by A. W. Brunner, Architect. -And a chapter on the Water Supply, Drainage, Sewerage, Heating, and -Ventilation, and other Sanitary Questions relating to Country Houses. -By Wm. Paul Gerhard. One 8vo volume, cloth <span class="add4em"><b>$1.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>COTTAGE, THE SUBURBAN.</b><br /> -Its Design and Construction. Containing over 100 illustrations and full -descriptive letterpress. This book gives Practical Instruction on every -question arising in House Building, and should be in the hands of every -one intending to build. One 8vo vol., cloth <span class="add4em"><b>$1.50</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>DECORATION, INTERIOR.</b><br /> -By A. W. Brunner and Thomas Tryon, Architects, with 65 illustrations, -giving suggestions about Hall, Staircase, Library, Parlor, Dining‐Room, -etc. Study, Bed‐Rooms. Fifteen plates. Just published <span class="add4em"><b>$3.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>MANTELS, ALBUM OF.</b><br /> -One large quarto volume, bound in cloth <span class="add4em"><b>$4.00</b></span><br /> -Unbound in portfolio <span class="add4em"><b>4.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="center">This book contains 60 plates and 103 designs of mantels and shelves.</p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>MASONRY AND STONECUTTING,</b><br /> -In which the Principles of Masonic Projection and their Application -to the Construction of Curved Wing‐Walls, Domes, Oblique Bridges, and -Roman and Gothic Vaulting, are explained. By Edward Dobson, M.R.I.B.A., -etc. <span class="add4em"><b>$1.50</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>HOUSE PAINTER.</b><br /> -Modern House Painting, containing 20 colored lithographic plates, -exhibiting the Use of Color in Exterior and Interior House Painting, -and embracing examples of simple and elaborate in Plain, Graded, and -Parti‐colors; also the Treatment of old style of Houses, together -with full descriptive letter‐press, covering the Preparation, Use, -and Application of Colors, with Special Directions applicable to each -example; the whole Work offering Valuable Hints and Suggestions on -Harmonious Color Treatment, suitable to every variety of Building. By -E. K. Rossiter and F. A. Wright. Oblong, 4to, cloth <span class="add4em"><b>$5.00</b></span></p> - -<p class="hangingindent1"><b>LEFFEL’S HOUSE PLANS.</b><br /> -Containing Elevations, Plans, and Descriptions of Houses costing -from $500 to $3,000, and adapted to families having good taste and -moderate means. Including the six prize plans in the Mechanical News -competition. One oblong quarto <span class="add4em"><b>$2.00</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">xiv</a></span></p> - -<p class="chapter center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>Band Saws. Band Saws.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>DAMASCUS TEMPERED BY NATURAL GAS HEAT, SUPERIOR TOUGHNESS.</b></p> - -<p><span class="small">After more than ten years’ experience in the manufacture of Band Saws, -we have discovered a new process of <b>Tempering and Straightening</b> -all at one operation. This process insures <b>absolute perfection</b>.<br /> -We specially request all users of Band Saws to send us their address in -full, and also a description of the sizes of saws used, and we will, by -return mail, quote them special prices, and also send them our pamphlet -on the Band Saw, which contains much valuable information for all users -of Band Saws.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus040a.jpg" width="500" height="283" alt="band saw blades" /> -</div> - -<p>The Superior Quality of our Band Saws, All Tempered, Straightened, and -Trued at one operation, which we have patented, makes them so perfect -that our <b>SALES HAVE MORE THAN TREBLED IN THE PAST YEAR</b>. Our -largest and best customers prefer them to the best imported saws.</p> - -<p class="center">☞<span class="small"><b>WRITE FOR OUR CIRCULAR AND REDUCED PRICE LISTS.</b></span>☜</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>NATURAL GAS</b></span></p> - -<p>Is perfectly free from all impurities, and steel heated by its use does -not scale. It contains no sulphur or other base substances. We are the -first to adopt its use in heating saws for tempering, which explains -the cause of our saws being tougher than any others now made.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus040b.jpg" width="600" height="340" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"> -The Emerson Patent<br /> -$100.00 GOLD PREMIUM<br /> -DAMASCUS TEMPERED<br /> -SAWS<br /> -MADE BY<br /> -EMERSON SMITH & CO.<br /> -BEAVER FALLS PA<br /> -Send for price list and circular</p> -<p class="caption">PATENTED SEPT. 9<span class="u">ᵀᴴ</span> 1884.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>OUR CIRCULAR SAW</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Of all sizes from 6 inches in diameter to 6 feet, both -Solid and Inserted Teeth, also our</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>Double Toothed Cross Cuts</b></span><br /> -(two saws in one), for all uses <b>HAVE NO EQUAL</b>.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Our SAWYER’S HANDBOOK will be sent <b>FREE</b> to any part of the world -on receipt of full name and address.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Address <span class="largest sansserif"><b>EMERSON, SMITH & CO.</b></span> <span class="large sansserif">(LIMITED).</span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>Beaver Falls, Pa.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h2 class="chapter" id="Classified_Index_of_Advertisements">Classified Index of Advertisements Published in the Present Number of the Scientific American, Architects and Builders Edition.</h2> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="classified index advertisments"> -<tr> -<th colspan="2">Adjustable Clapboard Marker.</th> -<th class="tdr">Page</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Stanley Rule & Level Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Adjustable Planes.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Stanley Rule & Level Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Advertising Agent.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>B. G. Underwood </td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Advertising Glass Signs.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>The Western Sand Blast Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Air Brush.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Air Brush Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Architects’ and Surveyors’ Supplies.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>L. Manasse</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Architects.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Fuller & Wheeler</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>C. Powell Karr, C.E.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Munn & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vi">vi</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>F. L. Smith</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Architectural Iron Work.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Cheney & Hewlett</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. S. Thorn</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Architectural Wood Turning.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Anderson & Dickey</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Standard Wood Turning Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Artesian Well Machinery.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Pierce Well Excavator Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Artists’ Materials.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>F. W. Devoe & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Asphalt Paint and Cement.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>M. Ehret, Jr., & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Warren Chemical and Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Asbestos.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Asbestos Packing Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>H. W. Johns Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Automatic Air Valves.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Thos. L. McKeen</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Balusters, Stair Rails, Etc.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>The Standard Wood Turning Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Anderson & Dickey</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td> -</tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"><b>Band Instruments.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Lyon & Healy</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Bath Tub, Tile Lined.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Sharpless & Watts</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Black Varnish.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>M. Ehret, Jr., & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Boiler Coverings.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Asbestos Packing Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>M. Ehret, Jr., & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Shields & Brown</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. W. Johns Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Jas. F. Wood & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Booksellers and Publishers.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Decorator and Furnisher</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Wm. T. Comstock</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. B. Lippincott & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vi">vi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Ticknor & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vi">vi</a></td> -</tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Brass Goods.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>C. H. Besly & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Bric‐a‐Brac.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Thackara Sons & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Brick.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Jas. H. Beggs & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Chicago Anderson Pressed Brick Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Brick Machinery.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Chambers, Bro. & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Henry Martin</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Builders’ Hardware.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Orr & Lockett</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"> -<b>Building Paper, Felt, Etc.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Asbestos Packing Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>M. Ehret, Jr., & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Warren‐Ehret Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Warren Chemical and Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. F. Watson</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Builders’ Scroll Saw.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>W. F. & J. Barnes Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Building Plans and Specifications.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Munn & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vi">vi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Cabinet Woods and Veneers.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. Rayner</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Cables.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Standard Underground Cable Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Calipers.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Chandler & Farquhar</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Carbolate of Lime.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>M. Ehret, Jr., & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr">cover v</td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Carpenters’ Machinery.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Fred. A. Rich</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Carpenters’ Tools.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Stanley Rule and Level Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Carpet Lining.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Warren‐Ehret Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. F. Watson</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Cements.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. W. Johns Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>M. Ehret, Jr., & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Chandeliers.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. P. Frink</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Thackara Sons & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Clapboard Marker.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Stanley Rule & Level Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Color Grinders.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wm. T. Lindeman & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Combination Square.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>L. S. Starrett</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Contractor and Builder.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Allen B. Rorke</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Copying Process.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Autocopyist Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Cordage.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. P. Tolman & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Covering for Steam, Gas, and Water Pipes.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>M. Ehret, Jr., & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. W. Johns Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Shields & Brown</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Western Mineral Wool Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Jas. F. Wood & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Creosote Wood Stains for Shingles, Etc.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Samuel Cabot</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Cutter Heads.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Sam’l J. Shimer</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Desks and Office Furniture.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>T. G. Sellew</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Door Hangers.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Syracuse Bolt Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Door Plates.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>J. M. Stutzman</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Draftsman’ Adjustable Curve Ruler.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Frank W. Davenport</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Draw Knife Chamferer.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. H. Hoague</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Drawing Instruments, Etc.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>G. S. Woolman</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>L. Manasse</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Drilling Tools and Machinery.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>C. H. Besly & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Dumb Waiter Fixtures.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The Edward Storm Spring Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Edge Tools.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Fayette R. Plumb</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Electric Conductors and Cables.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Standard Underground Cable Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Electric Lights.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Brush Electric Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The Thomson‐Houston Electric Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Electrical Supplies.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Shaw & Geary</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Elevators.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>L. S. Graves & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Howard Iron Works.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Morse, Williams & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>End Wood Mosaic.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wood‐Mosaic Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Engines and Boilers.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>C. P. Willard & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Engineers’ Supplies.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>L. Manasse</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Feed Water Boiler and Purifier.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wm. Baragwanath & Son</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Feed Water Heaters.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Stewart Heater Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Fire Brick.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Henry Maurer & Son</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Fireproof Building Materials.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Henry Maurer & Son</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Fireproofing Material.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Asbestos Packing Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. W. Johns Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Foot and Hand Power Machinery.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>W. F. & J. Barnes Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>C. E. Little</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Fred. A. Rich</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Seneca Falls Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Furnaces.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Abram Cox Stove Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Job Bartlett’s Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Hull, Grippen & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>E. A. Jackson & Bro.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>M. H. Jacobs’ Furnace Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_x">x</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Klein Furnace Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Leibrandt & McDowell Stove Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Omega Stove & Grate Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. F. Pease Furnace Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_x">x</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. Reynolds & Son</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td> -</tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Schoen Heater and Stove Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Gas Engines.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Economic Motor Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Williams & Orton Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Gas Fires.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. P. Dixon & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Gas Fixtures.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Thackara Sons & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Gas and Water Pipes.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Gloucester Iron Works</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Glass—Plate.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Gillinder & Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Pittsburg Plate Glass Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>P. Semmer & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Glass (Stained and Mosaic).</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Bray & Breck</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Alfred Godwin</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Gillinder & Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Keystone Stained Glass Works</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Tiffany Glass Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vi">vi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Glaziers’ Diamonds, Etc.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Gillinder & Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Glue.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Thurston & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Greenhouse Boilers.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Peter Devine</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Hitchings & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Ground & Rough Glass for Floors, Etc.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Pittsburg Plate Glass Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Hack Saws.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Miller’s Falls Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Hammers.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Fayette R. Plumb</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Hand Sawing Machines.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>W. F. & J. Barnes Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Hardwood Floors.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wood‐Mosaic Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Heating Apparatus.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Abram Cox Stove Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Job Bartlett’s Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wilmot Castle & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Duplex Steam Heater Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>E. N. Gates</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Globe Steam Heater Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Hitchings & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Hull, Grippen & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>E. A. Jackson & Bro.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>M. H. Jacobs’ Furnace Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_x">x</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Klein Furnace Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Leibrandt & McDowell Stove Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>D. Mershon’s Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Omega Stove & Grate Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. F. Pease Furnace Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_x">x</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Pierce, Butler & Pierce</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. Reynolds & Son</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Schoen Heater and Stove Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td><td>Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Weir & Nixon</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Woodcock & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_x">x</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Iron Work for Building Purposes.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Cheney & Hewlett</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. S. Thorn</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Leather Belting.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Page Belting Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Leveling Instruments.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>John W. Harmon</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Liquid Glue.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Russia Cement Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Lithographers.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Schumacher & Ettlinger</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Lumber.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>I. G. Jenkins</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Lumber Drying.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Hayden Bros.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Machinists’ Supplies.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Chandler & Farquhar</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Mahogany and Veneers.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Hayden Bros.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. Rayner</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Mail Chutes.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The Cutler Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Mantels, Grates, Fire Places, Etc.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>E. J. Johnson</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Masons’ and Builders’ Supplies.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>S. Bowen’s Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>S. H. French & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Mathematical Instruments.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Devoe & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Metallic Roofing Tiles and Shingles.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Gummey, Spering, Ingram & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>National Sheet Metal Roofing Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Thorn Shingle and Ornament Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Mineral Wool.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Western Mineral Wool Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Mortar Colors.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>S. Bowen’s Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>S. H. French & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>“New Flint Glass Ornamental Tile.”</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Gillinder & Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Office and Bank Fittings.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>A. H. Andrews & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Organs.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>D. F. Beatty</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Ornamental Brick.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Jas. H. Beggs & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Chicago Anderson Pressed Brick Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Ornamental Glass Work.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>C. H. Postel & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The Western Sand Blast Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Ornamental Iron Work.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Ornamental Rustic Work.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>John Wheeler</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Packing Materials.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Asbestos Packing Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Paints.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The Chilton Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Devoe & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Eureka Color Works</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>S. H. French & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. W. Johns Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wm. T. Lindeman & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>W. H. Stewart</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Thurston & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Parquet Floors.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The Butcher Flooring Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. Dunfee & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wood‐Mosaic Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Pavement Lights.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Photographic Outfits.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>E. & H. T. Anthony & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Pianos.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Marchal & Smith</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Planing Mill Machinery.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Hoyt & Bro. Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Polished Plate Glass.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Porous Terra Cotta.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Henry Maurer & Son</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Porous Earthenware.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Henry Maurer & Son</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Poultry Yard Appliances.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>S. S. Bent & Son</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Prepared Roofing.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>M. Ehret, Jr., & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. F. Watson</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Pressed Brick.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Jas. H. Beggs & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Chicago Anderson Pressed Brick Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Pumps.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Goulds Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Pumping Engines.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Economic Motor Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Radiators.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wilmot Castle & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Railing Iron.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Railway and Steam Fitters’ Supplies.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Fayette R. Plumb</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Recording Thermometer.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The Draper Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Reducing Valve.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Mason Regulator Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Reflectors.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. P. Frink</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Refrigerators.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Lockwood</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Roof Snow Guards.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>John H. Hiller</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Roofing.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Asbestos Packing Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>M. Ehret. Jr., & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. W. Johns Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>W. H. Stewart</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Warren‐Ehret Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Warren Chemical & Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. F. Watson</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Roofing Slate.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>E. J. Johnson</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The American Bangor Slate Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The Old Bangor Slate Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vi">vi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Roofing Tin.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Gummey, Spering, Ingram & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a> & <a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Merchant & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>N. & G. Taylor Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Roofing and Wall Tiles.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The National Sheet‐Metal Roofing Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Thorn Shingle and Ornament Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Sandstone.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Cleveland Stone Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Sand Blast and Embossed Railroad Glass.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>The Western Sand Blast Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Sash Balance.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Pullman Sash Balance Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Sash Cord.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. P. Tolman & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Sash Lock and Ventilator.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>I. G. Jenkins</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Saws.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Emerson, Smith & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Seneca Falls Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Scroll Saws and Tools.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>W. F. & J. Barnes Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Fred. A. Rich</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Seneca Falls Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Shade Roller.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Cushman Bros. & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Shaking Grate.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>D. Mershon’s Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Woodcock & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Sheathing Lath.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>I. G. Jenkins</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Shellac.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Thurston & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Shingles (Wood).</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>I. G. Jenkins</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Shingle Stains.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Sam’l Cabot</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Dexter Bros.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Shutter Worker.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. B. Mallory</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Skylights.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>G. Hayes</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. S. Thorn</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Sliding Blinds.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wm. Willer</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Stable Fittings and Fixtures.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>S. S. Bent & Son</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Stained Glass Substitute.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>W. C. Young</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Stair Iron.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Steel Alphabets, Stencil Cutting, Etc.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. M. Stutzman</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Taps and Dies.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wiley & Russell Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Tinting Colors.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Eureka Color Works</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Tools and Foot Power Machinery.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>C. E. Little</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Seneca Falls Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Fayette R. Plumb</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Tower Ornaments, Finials, Etc.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Thos. W. Jones</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Underground Cable.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Standard Underground Cable Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Valves and Hydrants.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Gloucester Iron Works</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Varnish.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Devoe & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wm. T. Lindeman & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Standard Varnish Works</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Thurston & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Vault Lights.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Ventilating and Exhaust Fans.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Geo. P. Clark</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Ventilators.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>T. T. Cohen</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Merchant & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ii">ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Violin Outfits.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>C. W. Story</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Wall Plaster.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Adamant Mfg. Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Water Pressure Regulators.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>H. Mueller & Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Weather Strips.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. Dunfee & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Richmond Weather Strip Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Weather Vanes.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Thos. W. Jones</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Well Tools.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>American Well Works</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Window Sash Cord.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. P. Tolman & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coverii">cover ii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Window Shadings.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Oswego Shade Cloth Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Wood Carpet.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>J. Dunfee & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wood‐Mosaic Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Wood Filler.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Bridgeport Wood Finishing Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Devoe & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Wm. T. Lindeman & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriii">cover iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>D. Rosenberg & Sons</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>F. W. Thurston & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> -<b>Woodworking Machinery.</b></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Connell & Dengler</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>E. & F. Gleason</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_coveriv">cover iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Goodell & Waters</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Hoyt & Bro.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>C. B. Rogers & Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Rollstone Machine Co.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td>Samuel J. Shimer</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_iv">iv</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"><b>Wrenches.</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td> </td> -<td>Geo. W. Marble</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus041.jpg" width="325" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN</p> - -<p class="caption"> -ARCHITECTS<br /> -AND BUILDERS<br /> -EDITION.</p> - -<p class="caption">Vol. IV.</p> - -<p class="caption"><b>JULY–DECEMBER,</b><br /> -1887.</p> - -<p class="caption">MUNN & CO., PUBLISHERS,</p> - -<p class="caption"><b>No. 361 Broadway, New York.</b></p></div> - -<div class="figcenter chapter"> -<img src="images/illus042.jpg" width="500" height="107" alt="" /> -<h2 class="no-break" id="INDEX_VOL_IV">INDEX.<br /> -<b>VOLUME IV.—JULY‐DECEMBER, 1887.</b></h2></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>Articles Marked * are Illustrated.</b></span></p> - -<h3>COLORED PLATES.</h3> - -<p>I. A Cottage for $2,500. A residence in Kansas City. With large plate -of details drawn to a scale. July.</p> - -<p>II. A $4,000 cottage. A $1,400 double house. With plate of details -drawn to a scale. August.</p> - -<p>III. A Southern residence of moderate cost. A $1,200 cottage. With -plate of details drawn to a scale. September.</p> - -<p>IV. A residence of moderate cost. A country store and flat. With plate -of details drawn to a scale. October.</p> - -<p>V. City frame houses of moderate cost. A $2,500 dwelling. With plate of -details drawn to a scale. November.</p> - -<p>VI. A dwelling of moderate cost. A suburban residence. With large plate -of details drawn to a scale. December.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="MISCELLANY">MISCELLANY.</h3> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="miscellany"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc" colspan="2">Figures preceded by a star (*) refer to illustrated articles.</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>A</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Adulteration of flour,</td><td class="tdr">44</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Africa, industries in,</td><td class="tdr">71</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Air filter,</td><td class="tdr">*23</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Antiquarian discovery,</td><td class="tdr">24</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Arch, construction of,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_131">131</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Apartment house, Mortimer,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Arch, Roman,</td><td class="tdr">*16</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Architects, women as,</td><td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Architecture, design in,</td><td class="tdr">100</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Architecture, mud, in Persia,</td><td class="tdr">41</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Architecture, naval,</td><td class="tdr">49</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Architecture, school house,</td><td class="tdr">*105</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Architectural era, the,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Artist’s house,</td><td class="tdr">*18</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ash, white, the,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Asphalt, artificial,</td><td class="tdr">47</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>B</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bamboo tree,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bank building, design,</td><td class="tdr">*69</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Basswood,</td><td class="tdr">42</td> -</tr> -<tr><td>Bathing establishment,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr><td>Beams, iron vs. wood,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bearings, to obtain,</td><td class="tdr">70</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bed room decoration,</td><td class="tdr">50</td> -</tr> -<tr><td>Bell, largest known,</td><td class="tdr">69</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bell, Shaw & Gray,</td><td class="tdr">*78</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bevel, improved,</td><td class="tdr">*49</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Birthplace of James Watt,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Blacksmith’s epitaph,</td><td class="tdr">18</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Blinds,</td><td class="tdr">91</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Blistering,</td><td class="tdr">47</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bloomfield, C. C., residence,</td><td class="tdr">*72</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Board, sounding, St. Paul’s,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Boiler, Auburn,</td><td class="tdr">*100</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Boilers, removing grease from,</td><td class="tdr">61</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bourse, at Havre,</td><td class="tdr">*10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Brick and brickwork, cost,</td><td class="tdr">83</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Brick dust cement,</td><td class="tdr">69</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bricks, Gladstone,</td><td class="tdr">78</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Brick making, Chinese,</td><td class="tdr">93</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bricks, fire,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bridge, Britannia,</td><td class="tdr">7</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Bridges, temporary,</td><td class="tdr">*52</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Broiler farm, Howe,</td><td class="tdr">*23</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Buffet in walnut,</td><td class="tdr">*96</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Builders, items for,</td><td class="tdr">31</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Building, a great,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Building, Mr. Gunther’s,</td><td class="tdr">45</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Building, regulation of,</td><td class="tdr">8</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Building, Young Men’s Assoc.,</td><td class="tdr">*24</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>C</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>California house, $2,500,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_128">128</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Camera clamp,</td><td class="tdr">*10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Candle grease, to remove,</td><td class="tdr">9</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Car load, American,</td><td class="tdr">32</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Car wheels, paper,</td><td class="tdr">46</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Carpet, wood,</td><td class="tdr">70</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Carriages, sound in,</td><td class="tdr">109</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Carved work,</td><td class="tdr">*43</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Casino in Vittel,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cathedral of Notre Dame,</td><td class="tdr">*21</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cedar pavements,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cedar shingles,</td><td class="tdr">104</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ceilings and floors,</td><td class="tdr">*36</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cement, action of frost on,</td><td class="tdr">89</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cement apparatus,</td><td class="tdr">116</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cement, brick dust,</td><td class="tdr">69</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cement, effect of freezing,</td><td class="tdr">115</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cement, Portland, making,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cement, Portland, tests of,</td><td class="tdr">87</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cement, testing,</td><td class="tdr">*37</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cement testing machine,</td><td class="tdr">*78</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chateau at Castelnaudary,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimes, tube, new,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimney, tall, laddering,</td><td class="tdr">*52</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimney flues, construction of,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimney tops,</td><td class="tdr">70</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimneys, lamp, how made,</td><td class="tdr">38</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimneys of the ancients,</td><td class="tdr">65</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chimneys, removal of,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Church, an unsafe,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Church at La Capelle,</td><td class="tdr">*94</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Church at Stratton,</td><td class="tdr">*95</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Church of moderate cost,</td><td class="tdr">*40, *109</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Chutes, mail,</td><td class="tdr">*87</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Circulars, seven foot four,</td><td class="tdr">27</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>City front, design,</td><td class="tdr">*115</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Clamp, camera, new,</td><td class="tdr">*10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Clock, windmill,</td><td class="tdr">21</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>College, John Crouse,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_139">139</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>College of City of New York,</td><td class="tdr">*48</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>College, Polytechnic, Cogswell,</td><td class="tdr">*32</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>College, Vassar, sewerage,</td><td class="tdr">99</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Combustion, spontaneous,</td><td class="tdr">115</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Composition, new,</td><td class="tdr">63</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Concrete dockworks, failure,</td><td class="tdr">73</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Concrete, effect of sea water,</td><td class="tdr">98</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Contract, roofing plate, large,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Corner finish,</td><td class="tdr">68</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Correction, a,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, a continental,</td><td class="tdr">*35</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, a $1,200,</td><td class="tdr">*54</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, a $3,500,</td><td class="tdr">*58</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, a $4,200,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, an $1,800,</td><td class="tdr">*62</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, Cambridge,</td><td class="tdr">*70</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, French,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, London,</td><td class="tdr">*71</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage of moderate cost,</td><td class="tdr">*39</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottages, seaside,</td><td class="tdr">*92</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Cottage, sketch for,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Court house, Montpelier,</td><td class="tdr">*30</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Covering for pipes,</td><td class="tdr">*118</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>D</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dam, California, great,</td><td class="tdr">43</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Decoration, bed room,</td><td class="tdr">50</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Decorative notes,</td><td class="tdr">95</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Decorative novelties,</td><td class="tdr">90</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Decoration, room,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_141">141</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Design in architecture,</td><td class="tdr">100</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dining room, Tatton,</td><td class="tdr">*17</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Disinfectant, new,</td><td class="tdr">92</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Disinfection for the household,</td><td class="tdr">50</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Disinfection of sick rooms,</td><td class="tdr">102</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dockwork, concrete, failure,</td><td class="tdr">76</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Donatello,</td><td class="tdr">*9</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Drainage and plumbing,</td><td class="tdr">16</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dry rot,</td><td class="tdr">20</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dry rot in large building,</td><td class="tdr">*104</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dumb waiters,</td><td class="tdr">7</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Duomo of Florence,</td><td class="tdr">*9</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a Brooklyn,</td><td class="tdr">*27</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $1,200,</td><td class="tdr">*30, *88</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $2,500,</td><td class="tdr">*102</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $2,800,</td><td class="tdr">*83</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $3,500,</td><td class="tdr">*111</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $3,700,</td><td class="tdr">*110</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $3,800,</td><td class="tdr">*114</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $4,000,</td><td class="tdr">*60</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $4,200,</td><td class="tdr">*61, *<a href="#Page_138">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $4,500,</td><td class="tdr">*33, *106, *117</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, a $5,000,</td><td class="tdr">*57, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, an artist’s,</td><td class="tdr">*18</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, an Ohio.,</td><td class="tdr">*68</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling at Cambridge,</td><td class="tdr">*24</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling at E. New York,</td><td class="tdr">*7</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling at Flushing,</td><td class="tdr">*89</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling at Montclair,</td><td class="tdr">*2</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling at Providence,</td><td class="tdr">*5</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, C. C. Bloomfield’s,</td><td class="tdr">*72</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, Chicago,</td><td class="tdr">*19</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, East Orange,</td><td class="tdr">*9</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, English,</td><td class="tdr">*8</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, Flatbush,</td><td class="tdr">*13</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, Flushing,</td><td class="tdr">*28</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling for narrow lot,</td><td class="tdr">*83</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling house, double,</td><td class="tdr">*34</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, Kansas City,</td><td class="tdr">*3</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, Minneapolis,</td><td class="tdr">*108</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, Mr. Gunther’s,</td><td class="tdr">45</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, New York,</td><td class="tdr">*1</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling of moderate cost,</td><td class="tdr">*55, *80, *<a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, seashore,</td><td class="tdr">*65</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, small, Paris,</td><td class="tdr">*76</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, Southern,</td><td class="tdr">*83</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, the Marquand,</td><td class="tdr">34</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, Worcester,</td><td class="tdr">*105</td> -</tr> -<tr><td> -Dwelling, $3,500,</td><td class="tdr">*6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwelling, suburban,</td><td class="tdr">67</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dwellings at Glenridge,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Dry rot, preventive,</td><td class="tdr">13</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>E</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Earthquake foundations,</td><td class="tdr">*96</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ebonizing,</td><td class="tdr">100</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Engine, gas, Charter,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Engine room, Paisley,</td><td class="tdr">*44</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Entrance, design for,</td><td class="tdr">*113</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Epitaph, blacksmith’s,</td><td class="tdr">18</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Exhibition at Madrid,</td><td class="tdr">*97</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Exhibition, Manchester,</td><td class="tdr">*14</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Exhibition of building materials,</td><td class="tdr">65</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Explosive, new,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Exposition, Agricultural, Nation’l,</td><td class="tdr">*31</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>F</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Factory operatives’ homes,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Faience, Burmantofts,</td><td class="tdr">*45</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fan, ventilating,</td><td class="tdr">*78</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fanlight grating,</td><td class="tdr">*64</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Farm, broiler, Howe,</td><td class="tdr">*23</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Feed water heater, new,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fences, wire,</td><td class="tdr">18</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fever, typhoid, by well water,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Filing machine, saw,</td><td class="tdr">*87</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Filter, air,</td><td class="tdr">*23</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Finger nail paint,</td><td class="tdr">97</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Finish, corner,</td><td class="tdr">68</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fire and whitewash,</td><td class="tdr">37</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fire brick,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fire, care in respect to,</td><td class="tdr">96</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fire place, marble,</td><td class="tdr">*38</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fire proof paper,</td><td class="tdr">22</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fireside, cheerful,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fire proof structures,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Flies, oil of bay for,</td><td class="tdr">89</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Floors and ceilings,</td><td class="tdr">*36</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Floors, hydrofuge,</td><td class="tdr">*52</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Floors, stable,</td><td class="tdr">*75</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Flooring, fireproof,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Flour adulteration,</td><td class="tdr">44</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Fluatation,</td><td class="tdr">45, 100</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Flues, chimney construction of,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Food economy,</td><td class="tdr">61</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Forestry problem, our,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Foundations, earthquake,</td><td class="tdr">*96</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Foundations in wet ground,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Front, city, design,</td><td class="tdr">*115</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Furnace, hot air, Fortune,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Furniture, willow, to clean,</td><td class="tdr">7</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>G</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Galvanizing process,</td><td class="tdr">95</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Gangways vs. staircases,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Gardens at railway stations,</td><td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Gas engine, Charter,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Gas fitting, rules for,</td><td class="tdr">92</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Gas tar, use of,</td><td class="tdr">56</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Gate at Bougival,</td><td class="tdr">*93</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Gift, a jubilee,</td><td class="tdr">50</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Girders, effect of heat,</td><td class="tdr">22</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Glass, frosted,</td><td class="tdr">89, 97</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Glass, plate,</td><td class="tdr">58</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Glass, stained,</td><td class="tdr">52</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Glass window,</td><td class="tdr">42</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Gold, silk, and ivory,</td><td class="tdr">97</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Granite,</td><td class="tdr">69</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Granite, red,</td><td class="tdr">26</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Great woodcock,</td><td class="tdr">*100</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Grating, fanlight,</td><td class="tdr">*64</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Grease in boilers, removal,</td><td class="tdr">61</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ground, frozen, excavating,</td><td class="tdr">69</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>H</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Habitations, healthy,</td><td class="tdr">97</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hall, Ancoats,</td><td class="tdr">*16</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hall, Holbrook,</td><td class="tdr">*104</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hall, Hulme,</td><td class="tdr">*16</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Heater, feed water, new,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Heater, Fortune,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Heating by steam,</td><td class="tdr">104</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hemlock,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hemlock laths,</td><td class="tdr">46</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Herbinger, Col., tomb of,</td><td class="tdr">*42</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Home of Miss Nightingale,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Home of Milton,</td><td class="tdr">*37</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Home interiors,</td><td class="tdr">19</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Homes of factory operatives,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hotel Bourgtheroulde,</td><td class="tdr">*20</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hotel de Peintre, Meudon,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hotel de Ville, Paris,</td><td class="tdr">*43</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hotel, Spokane Falls,</td><td class="tdr">*11</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, apartment, Mortimer,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a New York,</td><td class="tdr">*1</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $1,200,</td><td class="tdr">*30, *88</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $2,500,</td><td class="tdr">*102</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $2,800,</td><td class="tdr">*83</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $3,500,</td><td class="tdr">*6, *111</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $3,700,</td><td class="tdr">*110</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $3,800,</td><td class="tdr">*114</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $4,000,</td><td class="tdr">*60</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $4,200,</td><td class="tdr">*61, *<a href="#Page_138">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $4,500,</td><td class="tdr">*33, *106, *117</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, a $5,000,</td><td class="tdr">*57, *<a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, an artist’s,</td><td class="tdr">*18</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, an English,</td><td class="tdr">*8</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, an Ohio,</td><td class="tdr">*68</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House at Brooklyn,</td><td class="tdr">*28</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House at Cambridge,</td><td class="tdr">*24</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House at East Orange,</td><td class="tdr">*9</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House at Flatbush,</td><td class="tdr">*13</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House at Flushing,</td><td class="tdr">*89</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House at Montclair,</td><td class="tdr">*2</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House at Providence,</td><td class="tdr">*5</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, California, $2,500,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_128">128</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, C. C. Bloomfield’s,</td><td class="tdr">*72</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, Chicago,</td><td class="tdr">*19</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, double, English,</td><td class="tdr">*34</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, Flushing,</td><td class="tdr">*27</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House for narrow lot,</td><td class="tdr">*83, *116</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, ice, how to build,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, ideal, of the future,</td><td class="tdr">64</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, Kansas City,</td><td class="tdr">*3</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, Minneapolis,</td><td class="tdr">*108</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, Mr. Gunther’s,</td><td class="tdr">45</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House of moderate cost,</td><td class="tdr">*55, *80, *86, *102</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, railroad men’s,</td><td class="tdr">*108</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, seashore,</td><td class="tdr">*65</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, small, Paris,</td><td class="tdr">*76</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, Southern,</td><td class="tdr">*83</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, the Marquand,</td><td class="tdr">34</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House trap, Pietsch,</td><td class="tdr">*69</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>House, Worcester,</td><td class="tdr">*105</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Houses, healthy,</td><td class="tdr">97</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Houses, suburban,</td><td class="tdr">67</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Houses, tenement,</td><td class="tdr">*66</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>How we have grown,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Hydrofuge floors,</td><td class="tdr">*52</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>I</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Industries in Africa,</td><td class="tdr">71</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ink for marking boxes, etc.,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ink, marking, blue,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Interior, a Dutch,</td><td class="tdr">115</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Interiors, home,</td><td class="tdr">19</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Iron beams vs. wood,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Iron, to distinguish from steel,</td><td class="tdr">63</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ivory, silk, and gold,</td><td class="tdr">97</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>J</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Jacotot, Henri,</td><td class="tdr">*22</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Joints and pipes,</td><td class="tdr">113</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Joints in woodwork,</td><td class="tdr">*10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>K</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Keystone, ornamental,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Kerosene oil,</td><td class="tdr">45</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>L</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Lamp chimneys, how made,</td><td class="tdr">35</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Lane, Market‐sted,</td><td class="tdr">*16</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Lath, Hall’s,</td><td class="tdr">*26</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Laths, hemlock,</td><td class="tdr">46</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Laundry, an English,</td><td class="tdr">40</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Leather, top, to clean,</td><td class="tdr">91</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Library, a curious,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Library, congressional,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Library building,</td><td class="tdr">*53</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Library, Carnegie,</td><td class="tdr">*31</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Lift for Eiffel tower,</td><td class="tdr">52</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Lime, testing,</td><td class="tdr">*37</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Logs, artificial,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Love‐lies‐bleeding,</td><td class="tdr">*70</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>M</b></td> -</tr><tr><td>Mail chutes, Cutler’s,</td><td class="tdr">*87</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Manchester Exhibition,</td><td class="tdr">*14</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Marble, effect of snow on,</td><td class="tdr">118</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Marble, practical use of,</td><td class="tdr">62</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Marble statue, how made,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Marble, to stain,</td><td class="tdr">27</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Marbles, Algerian,</td><td class="tdr">21</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Marbles, Vermont,</td><td class="tdr">66</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Masonry, measurement of,</td><td class="tdr">76</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Memorial, Shakespeare,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Mercury as disinfectant,</td><td class="tdr">92</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Milton, home of,</td><td class="tdr">*37</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Mirrors, painted,</td><td class="tdr">44</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Miters, varying,</td><td class="tdr">*18</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Monument, Grant, design,</td><td class="tdr">*77</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Monument to M. Thiers,</td><td class="tdr">*112</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Mortar, colored,</td><td class="tdr">91</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Moulder’s sand,</td><td class="tdr">75</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Mud architecture in Persia,</td><td class="tdr">41</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>N</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Nails,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Naval architecture,</td><td class="tdr">49</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Nightingale, Miss, home of,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>O</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Oil, kerosene,</td><td class="tdr">45</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Oil of bay for flies,</td><td class="tdr">89</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Open gas fire radiator,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Operatives, factory home,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ornamental keystones,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>P</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pa crusta,</td><td class="tdr">19</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Painting,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Painting brick buildings,</td><td class="tdr">89</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Palaces, winter,</td><td class="tdr">73</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Panel, ornamental,</td><td class="tdr">*64</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Panels, terra cotta,</td><td class="tdr">7</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Paper, best effects in,</td><td class="tdr">50</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Paper car wheels,</td><td class="tdr">46</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Paper, water proof,</td><td class="tdr">22</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Passion flower, new,</td><td class="tdr">*22</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pavements, cedar,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pavilion, ornamental,</td><td class="tdr">*107</td> -</tr> -<tr -><td>Pedestal tenoner,</td><td class="tdr">*74</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pile protecting compounds, testi’g,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pine, long leaf,</td><td class="tdr">94</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pine woods,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pipes and joints,</td><td class="tdr">113</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pipes, bursting of,</td><td class="tdr">38</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pipes, drain, look to your,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pipes, water, bursting,</td><td class="tdr">113</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Planer, improved,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Planer, surface, new,</td><td class="tdr">*100</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plaster, sand in,</td><td class="tdr">33</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plaster, wall, adamant,</td><td class="tdr">52</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plastering,</td><td class="tdr">107</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plate glass,</td><td class="tdr">58</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plumbing, about,</td><td class="tdr">24</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plumbing and drainage,</td><td class="tdr">16</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Plumbing, not defective,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Portal of St. Ouen Abbey,</td><td class="tdr">*20</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Portland cement, improvem’nts in,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Post office, Montpelier,</td><td class="tdr">*30</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Post office, San Antonio,</td><td class="tdr">*90</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Post office, Springfield,</td><td class="tdr">*7</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Prints, transfer to wood,</td><td class="tdr">91</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Problem, forestry, our,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pump, force, Alert,</td><td class="tdr">*118</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Pyramids,</td><td class="tdr">75</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>R</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Rabbit remedy,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Radiator, New Era,</td><td class="tdr">*118</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Railroad men’s house,</td><td class="tdr">*108</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Rainbows, double and single,</td><td class="tdr">64</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Readers and patrons, to our,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Relics, ancient, Sidon,</td><td class="tdr">21</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a $1,200,</td><td class="tdr">*30, *88</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a $2,500,</td><td class="tdr">*102</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a $2,800,</td><td class="tdr">*83</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a $3,500,</td><td class="tdr">*6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a $3,700,</td><td class="tdr">*110</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a $3,800,</td><td class="tdr">*114</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a $4,200,</td><td class="tdr">*61, *<a href="#Page_138">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a $4,500,</td><td class="tdr">*33, *106, *117</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, a $5,000,</td><td class="tdr">*57, *<a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Parisian,</td><td class="tdr">*76</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence at Flushing,</td><td class="tdr">*28, *89</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence at Montclair,</td><td class="tdr">*2</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence at Providence,</td><td class="tdr">*5</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, artist’s,</td><td class="tdr">*18</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Brooklyn,</td><td class="tdr">*27</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Cambridge,</td><td class="tdr">*24</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Chicago,</td><td class="tdr">*19</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, East New York,</td><td class="tdr">*7</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, East Orange,</td><td class="tdr">*9</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Flatbush,</td><td class="tdr">*13</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence for $8,000,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> -</tr> -<tr -><td>Residence, Kansas City,</td><td class="tdr">*3</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Minneapolis,</td><td class="tdr">*108</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Mr. Gunther’s,</td><td class="tdr">45</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, New York,</td><td class="tdr">*1</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence of C. C. Bloomfield,</td><td class="tdr">*72</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence of moderate cost,</td><td class="tdr">*55, *80</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Ohio,</td><td class="tdr">*68</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, seashore,</td><td class="tdr">*65</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Southern,</td><td class="tdr">*83</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, suburban,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residences, suburban,</td><td class="tdr">67</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, the Marquand,</td><td class="tdr">34</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, Worcester,</td><td class="tdr">*105</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Residence, $4,000,</td><td class="tdr">*60</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Riverside Avenue, Spokane Falls,</td><td class="tdr">*11</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Roburite,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr><td>Roofing plate contract, large,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Roofing plates, Penn,</td><td class="tdr">78</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Roofing slate,</td><td class="tdr">32</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Room, twelve mat,</td><td class="tdr">*36</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Rooms, proportions of,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Rose, Gloire De Dijon,</td><td class="tdr">*22</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Rouen, gems from,</td><td class="tdr">20</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Ruprich‐Robert, Mr.,</td><td class="tdr">19</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>S</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sand in plaster,</td><td class="tdr">33</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sand, moulders’,</td><td class="tdr">75</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sandstone in building,</td><td class="tdr">25</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Saw, band, Marston’s,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sawdust,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Saw filer, Sherman’s,</td><td class="tdr">*87</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Scaffolding, portable,</td><td class="tdr">*34</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>School architecture,</td><td class="tdr">*105</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>School house and nursery,</td><td class="tdr">*63</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Screens,</td><td class="tdr">91</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sewerage, Vassar College,</td><td class="tdr">99</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Shakespeare memorial,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Shingle stains,</td><td class="tdr">118</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Shingles, cedar,</td><td class="tdr">104</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Shrubs, planting,</td><td class="tdr">50</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Shutter worker, Malloy’s,</td><td class="tdr">*87</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sideboard in walnut,</td><td class="tdr">*96</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Silk, gold, and ivory,</td><td class="tdr">97</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Silk room, disinfecting,</td><td class="tdr">102</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Silo building,</td><td class="tdr">*74</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Slate, roofing,</td><td class="tdr">32</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Snow, effect on marble,</td><td class="tdr">118</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Snow sheds, mountain,</td><td class="tdr">67</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Sounding board, St. Paul’s,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Stable, a $5,500,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Stable floors,</td><td class="tdr">*75</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Staircase, Tatton,</td><td class="tdr">*17</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Staircases, gangways vs.,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Stains, shingle,</td><td class="tdr">118</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Statue, marble, how made,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Steam heating data,</td><td class="tdr">104</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Stone, Caen,</td><td class="tdr">70</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Stone, preservation of,</td><td class="tdr">100</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Stone steps, to repair,</td><td class="tdr">116</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Stone, waterproofing,</td><td class="tdr">45</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Store, a country.,</td><td class="tdr">*82</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Store at Winona,</td><td class="tdr">*91</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Store, country, a $2,000,</td><td class="tdr">*59</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Stores, water pipes in,</td><td class="tdr">*104</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Suggestions, good,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>T</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tar, gas, use of,</td><td class="tdr">56</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tatton, Cheshire,</td><td class="tdr">*17</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tea, Japanese,</td><td class="tdr">25</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tenoner, pedestal,</td><td class="tdr">*74</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Temple, Egyptian,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Terra cotta panels,</td><td class="tdr">7</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Theater, a safe,</td><td class="tdr">33</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Thuja gigantea,</td><td class="tdr">115</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Timber, green or dry,</td><td class="tdr">7</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tomb, M. Thiers’,</td><td class="tdr">*112</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tomb of Col. Herbinger,</td><td class="tdr">*42</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tombs, Etruscan,</td><td class="tdr">35</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tower on Mount of Olives,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Trade unions,</td><td class="tdr">104</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Trap, house, Pietsch,</td><td class="tdr">*69</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Trap, plumbers’,</td><td class="tdr">*49</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tree, bamboo,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Trees, planting,</td><td class="tdr">50</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Trees, planting, roadside,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tripod head, new,</td><td class="tdr">*10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Tube chimes,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Typhoid,</td><td class="tdr">110</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Typhoid fever by well water,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>U</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>United States, growth of,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>V</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Vase, the largest,</td><td class="tdr">39</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Vassar College sewerage,</td><td class="tdr">99</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Vegetables in Japan,</td><td class="tdr">26</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Villa, a French,</td><td class="tdr">*46</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Villa, an Austrian,</td><td class="tdr">*41</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Villa at Saint Lo,</td><td class="tdr">*98</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>W</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wages, how to increase,</td><td class="tdr">34</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wall, Chinese,</td><td class="tdr">44</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wall, dividing, removal,</td><td class="tdr">57</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wall plaster, adamant,</td><td class="tdr">52</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Walls, burning buildings, collapse,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Walter, Thomas U.,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Water, good, value of,</td><td class="tdr">34</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Water pipes, bursting of,</td><td class="tdr">113</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Waterproof paper,</td><td class="tdr">22</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Waterproof stone,</td><td class="tdr">45</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Water, the, keep out,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Watt, James, birthplace of,</td><td class="tdr">*<a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Weather strip, Richmond,</td><td class="tdr">26</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Weather Vane, Reynolds’,</td><td class="tdr">*26</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wells, look to your,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wheels, car, paper,</td><td class="tdr">46</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>White ash, the,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Whitewash and fire,</td><td class="tdr">37</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Whooping cough,</td><td class="tdr">87</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Windmill clock,</td><td class="tdr">21</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Window glass,</td><td class="tdr">42</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Window shutter device,</td><td class="tdr">*87</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Winter palaces,</td><td class="tdr">73</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wire fences,</td><td class="tdr">18</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wood carpet,</td><td class="tdr">70</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wood filler, Wheeler’s,</td><td class="tdr">11</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wood of Thuja gigantea,</td><td class="tdr">115</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wood, preservation of,</td><td class="tdr">65</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Woodpecker’s sugar bush,</td><td class="tdr">32</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Woodwork, joints in,</td><td class="tdr">*10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Woodwork, preservation,</td><td class="tdr">32</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Woods, pine,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Woods, staining,</td><td class="tdr">47</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Woods, uses of,</td><td class="tdr">24</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Women as architects,</td><td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Writing, minute,</td><td class="tdr">77</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>Y</b></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Yard, the back,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_coveriii" id="Page_coveriii">iii</a></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>The Thomson‐Houston Electric Co.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small">—MANUFACTURE—</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>THE ONLY PERFECT AUTOMATIC SYSTEM OF</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>ARC AND INCANDESCENT LIGHTING</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>In the World.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">☞<i><b>New illustrated pamphlet will be furnished -on application.</b></i></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>THE THOMSON‐HOUSTON ELECTRIC COMPANY,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>Principal Offices: 178 Devonshire St., BOSTON.</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif add4em"><b>Western Offices: Pullman Building, CHICAGO.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>WM. T. LINDEMAN & CO.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">1400 and 1402 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>Color Grinders.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small">MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Mahogany, Cherry, and Walnut Stains, Philadelphia Flat Brick Red, Outside<br /> -Hard Wood Finish, Philadelphia Iron Filler and Steel Color<br /> -Paint, Philadelphia Hard Wood Filler.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small">——§ AGENTS FOR §——</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Boston Wax Floor Polish, Bigelow’s Varnishes, Cabot’s Creosote Stains, -D. B. Crockett’s “Preservative” and “Spar Composition.”</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest smcap"><b>FloorS</b></span> <span class="larger">End‐Wood a Specialty.<br /> -Parquetry, Wood Carpet.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Fine Hardwood Floors of every approved kind.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>END‐WOOD MOSAIC</b></span> <b>is the most perfect and durable floor covering<br /> -ever made of wood.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smcap">Catalogue Free. Sample by Mail, Four Cents. Manufactured by</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">WOOD‐MOSAIC CO.,</span></p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="wood mosaic"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc">Office and Works,</th> -<th> </th> -<th class="tdc">Salesroom,</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><b>318 SCIO ST., ROCHESTER, N. Y.</b></td> -<td> </td> -<td class="tdc"><b>321 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY.</b></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>THE</b></span> -<span class="largest sansserif"><b>NOVELTY</b></span> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>HOT AIR</b></span> -<span class="largest sansserif"><b>FURNACE,</b></span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus043a.jpg" width="286" height="500" alt="hot air furnace" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>FIRE TESTED</b></span><br /> -<span class="small">AND</span><br /> -<span class="large"><b>INDESTRUCTIBLE.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Tens of thousands in use.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>All in good repair.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Thirteen Years of Public Service.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Universally Satisfactory.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Its wonderful merit has established -its reputation.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>“Par excellence,” wherever -used.</b></p> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus043b.jpg" width="300" height="379" alt="hot air furnace" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>It is the original and only possible perfect three drum construction.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Our Patents prevent the use of the essential and truly excellent -features.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Base imitations, avoiding our Patents, exist.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Do not fail to specify the NOVELTY and be sure you get it.</b></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><p class="center noindent">GET DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET.</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>ABRAM COX STOVE CO.,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS in the manufacture of<br /> -HEATING ENGINEERS’ SUPPLIES.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent">PHILADELPHIA.<span class="add4em"> CHICAGO.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">ORR & LOCKETT,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">184 & 186 Clark Street, Chicago,</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest smcap">Builders’ Hardware</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller"><b>We are Sole Chicago Agents for</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">Geer’s Spring Hinge, Norton Door Check and Spring, -Dudley Shutter‐Worker,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">AND SEVERAL OTHER SPECIALTIES.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><b>The following are some of the fine Public and Office Buildings -furnished by us:</b></p> - -<p><span class="smaller">First National Bank Building; Montauk Block; Pullman Offices and Flats; -C., B. and Q. Office Building; Grand Trunk Depot and Offices; New Board -of Trade; Home Insurance Building; Insurance Exchange; Traders; Clark -and Counselman Buildings; and New Union League Club Buildings, of this -city; the Atchison Topeka and Santa Fé Offices of Topeka, Kansas; the -Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern R. R. Offices, at Cedar Rapids, -Iowa; and the George Spencer Office Buildings, at Duluth, Minn.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.<span class="add2em">SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">GILLINDER & SONS,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>720 ARCH STREET, — PHILADELPHIA.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN</span><br /> -FRENCH and AMERICAN<br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>Plate Glass,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>Looking Glass Plates, -Enameled, -Colored, -Cathedral,</b></span><br /> -<span class="smallest">AND</span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>other Ornamental -Glass.</b></span><br /> -<span class="large">Glaziers’ Diamonds.</span><br /> -<b>Pure Putty, -Points, etc.</b></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus043c.jpg" width="381" height="500" alt="ornate window" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">MANUFACTURERS OF</span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>FRANKLIN</b></span><br /> -<span class="large">Window Glass,</span><br /> -<span class="smaller">Equal to Foreign Brands.<br /> -Also Manufacturers -OF THE</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>“New Flint Glass -Ornamental Tile.”</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smallest">—FOR—</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small"><b>Windows in Cars and -Dwellings,</b></span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smallest">OF</span></p> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small"><b>Unequaled Brilliancy.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smallest">(SEE CUT.)</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">Catalogues and Estimates -furnished on application.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus043d.jpg" width="168" height="150" alt="" /> -<p class="noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Stained</b></span><br /><span class="largest sansserif"><b>Glass</b></span><br /><span class="larger sansserif"><b>SUBSTITUTE</b></span></p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Beautiful & Lasting for ORNAMENTING<br /> -WINDOWS, DOORS, TRANSOMS, &c.</b></p> - -<p class="noindent"><b>AT SMALL COST.</b> Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Prices. <b>Samples by -mail 25 cents.</b></p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>W. C. YOUNG</b></span> SOLE AGENT, <b>733 ARCH ST. -PHILADELPHIA, PA.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE.</b></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>Warren‐Ehret Company</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">BUILDING AND SHEATHING PAPERS,<br /> -COMPLETE READY ROOFING,</span><br /> -—AND—<br /> -<span class="larger">CARPET LININGS,</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>428 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Popular Fortune Hot Air Furnace</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">FOUR SIZES—Nos. 25, 28, 32, and 36.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">BEST FURNACE KNOWN FOR HEATING DWELLINGS.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>ECONOMICAL, DURABLE, AND CHEAP. -IMPROVED DUST FLUE, LARGE RADIATION.</b></span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus043e.jpg" width="332" height="500" alt="hot air furnace" /> -</div> - -<p>Having repeated inquiries for a <span class="smcap">Hot Air Furnace</span> combining -all the good elements of a first‐class furnace, with the <span class="smcap">FANCY -FRILLS</span> left off, that could be put up at a <span class="smcap">MODERATE -PRICE</span>, induced us to make the “<span class="smcap">Popular Fortune</span>,” sales -of which, and the satisfaction rendered, have proven it to be just the -furnace wanted, specially for Suburban Houses.</p> - -<p>Write for circular and prices.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller"><b>MANUFACTURERS,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson & Co.,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif"><b>PHILADELPHIA.</b></span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_coveriv" id="Page_coveriv">iv</a></span></p> - -<div class="boxp4em"><p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>The BEST Roofing Tin<br /> -is the CHEAPEST!</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>But how are you to know that you get the quality and brand -wanted?</b></span></p> - -<p>Because every PERFECT SHEET of the following three extra fine -guaranteed brands of Roofing TIN IS STAMPED at the works with the name -of the brand and the thickness. Please note this.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="taylor"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc"><span class="larger sansserif">“Old Style.”</span></th> -<th class="tdc"><span class="normal">Extra Heavily Coated.<br />The Best Made.</span></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>“Westminster.”</b></span></td> -<td class="tdc">Re‐dipped. Made<br />from Heavy Iron.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><span class="larger">COOKLEY<br />K</span></td> -<td class="tdc">Highest Grade of<br />Heavy Regular Coated.</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>EVERY BOX IS GUARANTEED.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Sample pieces of the Tin, also circulars and -full information given.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>N. & G. TAYLOR CO.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>Established 1810. 77th year.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>PHILADELPHIA.</b></span></p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>Prepared Roofing</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">BEST, CHEAPEST, MOST DURABLE.</span></p> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus044a.jpg" width="250" height="180" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">EHRET’S<br /> -BLACK DIAMOND<br /> -PREPARED ROOFING</p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">ANYBODY CAN PUT IT ON. -EASILY HANDLED.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">PUT UP IN ROLLS OF 100 SQUARE FEET.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">Send for Latest Circular, Price List, etc.</span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><p class="center noindent"><span class="small">MANUFACTURED BY</span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>M. EHRET, Jr., & CO.,</b></span></p></div> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="ehret"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc">PHILADELPHIA,</th> -<th> </th> -<th class="tdc">ST. LOUIS,</th> -<th> </th> -<th class="tdc">CHICAGO,</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"><b>423 Walnut Street.</b></td> -<td> </td> -<td class="tdc"><b>113 North 8th Street.</b></td> -<td> </td> -<td class="tdc"><b>50 Dearborn Street.</b></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">Ornamental Glass Works.</span></p> - -<div class="boxp1emw"> -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>EMBOSSED</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger">Glass,</span><br /> -<span class="large">New Designs.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">Memorial</span><br /> -<span class="larger">WINDOWS.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">SPECIAL WORK.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif">Brass Signs</span><br /> -AND<br /> -<span class="largest"><b>Memorials.</b></span></p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="small">Sample of work on Exhibition at 14 Vesey St., N. Y.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>DESIGNS and ESTIMATES FURNISHED.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif"><b>Work as Reference,</b><br /> -Union News Co.,</span> <span class="sansserif add4em">Pennsylvania Railroad,</span><br /> -<span class="sansserif">Pennsylvania University.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest">C. H. POSTEL & CO.,</span><br /> -<span class="large">1314 RIDGE AVENUE.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">BRANCH OFFICE:<br /> -<span class="large sansserif">527 ARCH ST.,</span> <span class="large sansserif add4em">PHILADELPHIA, PA.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>TINTING</b></span> <span class="larger"><b>COLORS</b></span><br /> -<span class="larger sansserif"><b>STRICTLY PURE.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>For Painters’ and Builders’ Use.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Cannot be excelled for PURITY and FINENESS.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">MANUFACTURED BY</span><br /> -EDW. E. JILLARD,<br /> -<span class="large">EUREKA COLOR WORKS,</span><br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>1645 NORTH TENTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>WOOD MANTELS.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>INTERIOR DECORATIONS,</b></span><br /> -<span class="large sansserif add4em"><b>ARTISTIC FURNITURE,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller">DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED BY</span><br /> -<b>GEO. W. SMITH & CO.,</b><br /> -<span class="smaller"><b>3907 to 3919 Powelton Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger"><b>FAYETTE R. PLUMB,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="sansserif">Successor to <b>YERKES & PLUMB</b>, Manufacturer of</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>Hammers, Edge Tools, Sledges, Blacksmith and Railroad Tools.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">MAIN OFFICE and WORKS:<br /> -<span class="sansserif"><b>PENN. R. R., TUCKER AND JAMES STREETS, PHILADELPHIA, PA.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>Architects, Roofers, Builders. “Alderly”</b></span> <span class="sansserif"><b>and</b></span> -<span class="largest sansserif"><b>“Penn” Old Method Roofing Plates</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">THE TWO BEST BRANDS OF <b>GUARANTEED</b> ROOFING PLATES. THERE ARE NO -OTHER BRANDS EQUAL TO THESE PLATES.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="gummey"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc"><span class="larger sansserif">ALDERLY</span></th> -<th class="tdc">⎧<br />⎨<br />⎩</th> -<th>Made of Siemens‐Martin Soft Steel, same as Old Style Plates.<br /> -Next in Quality, of Standard Weight, Perfectly Square, Perfectly Assorted.<br /> -True to Gauge. We carry in Stock, Stamped and Unstamped.</th> -</tr></table></div> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="gummey"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc"><span class="large sansserif">“PENN” OLD METHOD Treble Coated Roofing Plate.</span></th> -<th class="tdc">⎧<br />⎪<br />⎪<br />⎨<br />⎪<br />⎪<br />⎩</th> -<th>GUARANTEED <span class="normal">to stand any test demanded. Guaranteed to be heavier -coated than any other plate, each box, 14 × 20 contains </span>20 lbs.<span class="normal">, -and 28 × 20 contains </span>40 lbs.<span class="normal"> Guaranteed to have all the Coating -that it is possible for any plate to hold. Guaranteed Rolled true -to Gauge. Absolutely perfect in every respect. Guaranteed to last -longer on Roof without being painted than any other Old Style Plate. -Guaranteed sheets perfectly square and flat. Both </span>IC<span class="normal"> and -</span>IX<span class="normal">, all strapped with iron.</span></th> -</tr></table></div> - -<p class="center noindent">SOLE MANUFACTURERS of the <b>“PATTEN” METALLIC ROOFING SHINGLES</b>.<br /> -<b>GUMMEY, SPERING, INGRAM & CO.,</b><span class="add4em"><b>Philadelphia—Liverpool.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif u smcap"><b>Stained glass</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">For Churches and Private Dwellings, etc.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><i><b>JEWELED MOSAICS.</b></i></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller"><b>Illustrated Catalogues Free.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>ALFRED GODWIN,</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent">1201 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>WOOD</b></span> <span class="large sansserif"><b>WORKING MACHINERY.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif">Band Saws, Jointers, Pony Planers, Shapers.</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">SPECIAL FOR CARPENTERS AND BUILDERS.</p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>E. & F. GLEASON, 250 Susquehanna Avenue,</b> <span class="add4em"><b>Philadelphia, Pa.</b></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The <span class="larger"><b>“Gilbertson’s Old Method”</b></span> is the only brand of Dipped Plates -of which the makers have notified consumers—through a letter published -by us some time since—that they would send <b>NO WASTERS TO THIS COUNTRY.</b></p> - -<p><b>SHEETS</b> that are <b>GUARANTEED</b> and <b>STAMPED</b> are the -only protection to the Architect, Owner, and Roofer, against dishonest -competition and the <b>USE OF INFERIOR MATERIAL.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger">——MERCHANT & CO.,——</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>525 Arch St., PHILADELPHIA.</b><br /> -<b>9 Burling Slip, NEW YORK.</b><br /> -<b>202 Lake St., CHICAGO.</b><br /> -<b>No. 1 Metal Exchange Buildings, LONDON, E. C.</b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif"><b>GAS FIRES</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><i>Resembling Wood or Coal.</i></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Burning Natural or Manufactured Gas.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus044b.jpg" width="400" height="271" alt="log effect fire" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large"><b>HENRY P. DIXON & CO.,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller"><b>Manufacturers,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">1330 Chestnut St., <span class="add4em">Phila., Pa.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="image-right"> -<img src="images/illus044d.jpg" width="75" height="161" alt="electric bell" /> -</div> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="larger sansserif"><b>SHAW & GEARY,</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large">MANUFACTURERS & DEALERS</span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest sansserif smcap"><b>Electrical Appliances.</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="large sansserif"><b>53 No. Seventh St., PHILADELPHIA.</b></span></p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="image-left"> -<img src="images/illus044c.jpg" width="200" height="208" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">CHOUAGUEN,<br /> -<span class="smaller">TRADE MARK</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Opaqued Hollands.</span></p></div> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>In ordering your Window Shadings specify</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="largest"><b>“CHOUAGUEN.”</b></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><b>AND TAKE NO OTHER.</b></p> - -<p class="center noindent"><span class="smaller"><i><b>See Trade Mark.</b></i></span></p> - -<p class="center noindent">Are the Best Finished, Most Uniform, and Most Durable Goods made.</p> - -<p class="center noindent">ENQUIRE OF ANY DEALER.</p> - -<div class="nofloat"><hr class="tb" /></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/illus044e.jpg" width="325" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap larger">The Goulds Mfg. Co.</span></p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="small">MANUFACTURERS OF</span><br /> -<span class="smcap larger">Pumps For Hand and Power Use in and About</span><br /> -PRIVATE RESIDENCES</p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Send For New No. 10 -Catalogue</span></p> - -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Address<br /> -Seneca Falls, N. Y.<br /> -60 Barclay St. New York</span></p></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="color1a" id="color1a"></a> -<img src="images/color1a.jpg" width="600" height="418" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A DWELLING OF MODERATE COST</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/color1b.jpg" width="550" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Plan of First Floor.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/color1c.jpg" width="578" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Plan of Second Floor.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="color2a" id="color2a"></a> -<img src="images/color2a.jpg" width="600" height="416" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A SUBURBAN RESIDENCE</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/color2b.jpg" width="425" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Plan of First Floor.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/color2b_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (166 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/color2c.jpg" width="402" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Plan of Second Floor.</p> -<p class="largeimg"><a href="images/color2c_large.jpg">Larger image</a> (160 kB)</p></div> - -<div class="transnote"> -<p>Transcriber’s note:</p> -<p>The original accentuation, punctuation spelling and hyphenation has been -retained.</p> - -<p>On the first page there is mention of ‘One Large Sheet of Details’, which unfortunately is unavailable. It may have been lost or perhaps was never printed.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Scientific American Architects and -Builders Edition, No. 26, Dec, 188, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, DEC. 1887 *** - -***** This file should be named 50927-h.htm or 50927-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/9/2/50927/ - -Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Brian Wilcox and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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