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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08bd012 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #50762 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50762) diff --git a/old/50762-0.txt b/old/50762-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index b531dec..0000000 --- a/old/50762-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,908 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Sketches of Fifteen Members of Worcester Fire -Society, by Isaac Davis - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Sketches of Fifteen Members of Worcester Fire Society - - -Author: Isaac Davis - - - -Release Date: December 24, 2015 [eBook #50762] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SKETCHES OF FIFTEEN MEMBERS OF -WORCESTER FIRE SOCIETY*** - - -E-text prepared by Charlene Taylor, ellinora, and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made -available by Internet Archive/American Libraries -(https://archive.org/details/americana) - - - -Note: Images of the original pages are available through - Internet Archive/American Libraries. See - https://archive.org/details/sketchesoffiftee00davi - - -Transcriber’s note: - - Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). - - - - - -SKETCHES OF FIFTEEN MEMBERS OF WORCESTER FIRE SOCIETY, - -by - -ISAAC DAVIS. - - - - - - - -Worcester: -Printed by Charles Hamilton, -Palladium Office. -1874. - - - - - ADDRESS BY HON. ISAAC DAVIS, - - AT THE QUARTERLY MEETING, APRIL, 1874. - - -The history of the Worcester Fire Society is intimately connected with -the history of Worcester, of Massachusetts, and the United States. Ten -of its members have been Mayors of Worcester, three have been Governors -of the State, three have been Speakers of the House of Representatives, -and many have been Councillors, Senators and Representatives. Five have -been judges of the Supreme Judicial Court, five have been judges of the -Superior Court or Court of Common Pleas, ten have been Members of -Congress, and many have held office under the United States Government, -and one has been a Foreign Minister. - -This Fire Society, organized in 1793, was precisely like one formed by -Benjamin Franklin, in the city of Philadelphia, in 1735:—The number of -members limited to thirty, the same equipments, the same rules and -regulations. No person could be admitted under thirty years of age, and -none over sixty. The Fire Society in Philadelphia was in existence when -this was formed. - -Governor Lincoln gave his reminiscences of the twenty-two original -members in 1862. Eight years after, in 1870, a member of this society -gave a written account of the next _fifteen_ members. Both of these -historic papers were published by this society. Subsequently Judge -Thomas, in his fascinating language, gave a graphic biography of the -_next_ fifteen members, commencing with Governor Lincoln, and ending -with Edward D. Bangs. The object of the present historic sketch is to -give some account of the members from Edward D. Bangs to the oldest -living member, all of whom have long since passed to the “spirit land.” -Among them were distinguished scholars, statesmen, lawyers and -physicians, and five of them were graduates of Dartmouth College. - - - SAMUEL JENNISON - -Was no ordinary man. He did not enjoy the advantages of a college -education, still he became a learned man and a very able writer. Some of -the choicest articles in periodical literature were from his pen. He was -born in the town of Brookfield, in 1788, and at the age of twelve years -came to Worcester to reside with his uncle, Hon. Oliver Fiske. In April, -1810, he was elected accountant in the Worcester Bank. In August, 1812, -he was elected cashier of said Bank, and continued to hold the office -and discharge the duties with promptness, fidelity and accuracy, for -more than thirty-four years. During much of the time while he was -cashier he was treasurer of the American Antiquarian Society, treasurer -of the State Lunatic Hospital, treasurer of the Worcester County -Institution for Savings, treasurer of the town of Worcester, and clerk -of the town, discharging all the duties of these offices, much of the -time without any assistant. No _irregularities_ were ever found in his -accounts. He was one of the Council of the American Antiquarian Society, -and was a member of many historical and literary societies. He was -admitted a member of this Society in October, 1816, and remained an -active member more than forty years, till his death, March 11th, 1860. - -Mr. Jennison was a modest, unassuming man, a gentleman in his -deportment, a man of rare taste and discrimination, and of wonderful -executive talent. He would accomplish more business in a given time than -any man I ever saw; yet it was done quietly. He was loved and respected -by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. He wrote much in prose -and verse; his style was clear and lucid as a mirror. He gathered much -valuable biographical material, part of which he passed over to the Rev. -Dr. Allen just before the publication of the second edition of his -Biographical Dictionary. The large remainder is now in possession of the -American Antiquarian Society. - - - REJOICE NEWTON - -Was born in Greenfield, October 18th, 1782. He was graduated at -Dartmouth College, in 1807, and was a classmate of George Ticknor and -Sylvanus Thayer. He commenced the study of the law with Judge Newcomb, -of Greenfield, and finished his studies in the office of Hon. Elijah H. -Mills, of Northampton, in 1810. - -Mr. Newton then removed to Worcester, and formed a co-partnership in law -with Hon. Francis Blake, which continued till April, 1814. He was -selected by the citizens of Worcester, in 1814, to deliver an oration on -the fourth of July. This oration was published, and accelerated his -rising fame. Soon after, he was appointed County Attorney, which office -he held for ten years, when he resigned the position. In 1825 he formed -a co-partnership in law with William Lincoln. His talents and capacity -were appreciated by his fellow citizens, and he was elected to the House -of Representatives in Massachusetts, in the years of 1829, 1830, and -1831, and a State Senator in 1834. He had great equanimity of character, -and never lost or gained a case but the result was precisely what he -expected. Hence he was perfectly satisfied with the result of every -case. He was honest, confiding and capable. He became a member of this -society in October, 1816, and remained an active member for forty-seven -years, when his health became poor and he withdrew. He was long a member -and officer in the American Antiquarian Society. He died in Worcester, -February 4th, 1868. Major Newton married a sister of the late Governor -Lincoln, and was a resident in Worcester for more than half a century. -He was honored with important and responsible positions in the military, -legislative, and executive departments of the government of the State; -all the duties pertaining to these offices he discharged with ability -and fidelity, and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. - - - SAMUEL M. BURNSIDE. - -His ancestors were Scots. He was a son of Thomas Burnside, and was born -in Northumberland, New Hampshire, July 18th, 1783. His education was at -the common schools in New Hampshire, except nine months at an academy, -preparatory to his entering Dartmouth College. - -After he was graduated from college, in 1805, he took charge of a Female -Academy in Andover, Mass., for two years. He read law with Hon. Artemas -Ward, so long Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. He was -admitted to practice in 1810, commenced the practice of the law in the -Spring of 1810, in the town of Westborough, in this County, and removed -to Worcester in the autumn of the same year. He married the daughter of -Judge Foster of Brookfield. - -Mr. Burnside was a well read lawyer, and it is no disparagement to any -lawyer of the Worcester Bar to say that none excelled him in his -extensive knowledge of the law. He was also well posted in theology, and -took a deep interest in our public schools. He was trustee in Leicester -Academy, and for many years was a member of the School Committee of -Worcester, a member of the American Antiquarian Society, and one of the -Council of said Society at the time of his death. He delivered an able -address before the schools of Worcester in 1826, and represented the -town in the Legislature the same year. In 1831 he was selected by the -citizens of Worcester to deliver an oration on the fourth of July, which -was considered a very able production. He was admitted to this society -in January, 1817, and remained an active member for thirty-three years. -He died in Worcester, July 25th, 1850, much respected by a large circle -of friends. - -Mr. Burnside was a good classical scholar, an upright and honored -citizen, and a kind christian gentleman. - - - REUBEN WHEELER - -Was a member of this society from 1817 to 1822. He came from Rutland, -where he was born, to Worcester, to execute the purposes of certain -members of the Fire Society, who had become convinced that the business -of _tanning_ was very profitable. They raised thirty thousand dollars to -put into the business—Mr. Wheeler was superintendent and manager—a large -yard was built on Market street, the largest in the county—Mr. Wheeler -built a spacious house on the corner of Main and Thomas streets, and -business went on swimmingly for five or six years, Mr. Wheeler always -assuring the proprietors that the business was very profitable. Some of -the proprietors having had no dividends for several years, succeeded in -raising a committee to investigate the affairs of the company, when it -turned out that the concern was bankrupt. It was a South Sea bubble on a -small scale. Wheeler left town, and the tannery rotted down. “_Sic -transit gloria mundi._” - - - BENJAMIN F. HEYWOOD - -Was the son of Hon. Benjamin Heywood, of Worcester, who was judge of the -Court of Common Pleas for nine years. - -Benjamin F. was born in Worcester, April 24th, 1792, and graduated at -Dartmouth College, in the class of 1812. He attended the medical -lectures at Dartmouth College, and at Yale College, and took his degree -of M. D. at Yale, in 1815. He formed a co-partnership with Dr. John -Green, in the practice of medicine, which existed for twenty years. Dr. -Heywood was councillor and censor in the Massachusetts Medical Society, -and became a member of the Society of Cincinnati in 1859, in the right -of his father, who was an original member. As a physician he was very -popular among his patients. He had the confidence of his fellow -citizens, being repeatedly elected to both branches of the City -Government. His manners were pleasant and agreeable—a man of good -judgment and sound discretion. He was admitted a member of this society -July, 1817, and remained an active member for more than fifty-two years, -till his death, December 7th, 1869. - -Dr. Heywood married for his first wife, and also for his second wife, -sisters of Dr. John Green. He was a skillful physician, a good citizen, -honorable in his dealings; a man of few words, kind and courteous, -honored and respected by those who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. - - - ABIJAH BIGELOW - -Was born in Westminster, county of Worcester, Dec. 5th, 1775. He was -graduated at Dartmouth College, in the class of 1795, studied law, and -was admitted to practice in 1798, and opened an office in the town of -Leominster, served the town as town clerk for five consecutive years, -was twice elected by his fellow citizens a member of the General Court -of Massachusetts, and was elected a member of Congress in 1810, and held -the position till 1815. - -Mr. Bigelow removed to Worcester in 1817, was elected a member of the -American Antiquarian Society, and a trustee of Leicester Academy. From -1817 to 1833 he held the office of Clerk of the Courts in the County of -Worcester. - -In 1838 he was appointed Master in Chancery for the county of Worcester. -He held the office of Justice of the Peace for about fifty years. He was -admitted to this society about a year after he was appointed Clerk of -the Courts, to wit, in 1818, and continued a member till 1848, when he -withdrew from the society. In the evening of his life he devoted much of -his time to horticulture, agriculture, literature and poetry. Some of -his choice poetical productions are in print. He died in Worcester, -April 5th, 1860, at the ripe old age of eighty five years, and is well -remembered by most of the living members of this society. - - - JOHN MOWER - -Was a son of Ebenezer Mower of Worcester; he received his education at -the common schools and at Leicester Academy. He entered the mercantile -business, and opened a store on the corner of Main and Thomas streets. -He married Dolly Chamberlain, a daughter of William Chamberlain. He was -a bright, intelligent and well educated young man; was popular with the -young men of the place, and especially with the young lawyers. - -Soon after he was twenty-one years of age, high sheriff Ward appointed -him deputy sheriff for the county, and for years, by the prompt and able -manner in which he discharged his duties, he did a larger business than -any other officer in the county. He was a member of this society less -than a year, when he emigrated to the South, and died at Fort Gibson, -Mississippi, April 15th, 1828. - - - SAMUEL WARD - -Was born in Guilford, Vermont, June 9th, 1793. He was educated by his -uncle, Capt. Ward, of Lancaster; came to this place when a young man, -and married into one of the oldest and most respectable families of -Worcester. - -He was admitted to this society in 1819, and remained an active member -for eleven years. In the military department of the government he was -deeply interested. At this time every able-bodied citizen, between the -ages of eighteen and forty-five years, was obliged to perform military -duty at least five days in each year. Worcester, then with a population -of little more than three thousand, had full and well disciplined -companies of artillery, cavalry, riflemen, and two very large companies -of infantry. Mr. Ward took great pleasure in military affairs, and was -ambitious to excel and become a good disciplinarian; and he succeeded -remarkably well. He was promoted from one position to another, till he -was finally elected Colonel of the Sixth Regiment. - -The next morning after he was promoted from Major to the office of -Colonel, he was walking down Main street, in his most dignified manner, -very straight—a little more than perpendicular, when Israel Whitney, who -wanted to see him on business, called out, “Major Ward!” Ward walked on. -Whitney called a second time, louder, “Major Ward!” No attention was -paid to the call. He called a third time, “_Colonel Ward!_” Ward turns -immediately and walks towards Whitney, and says, “Good morning, Mr. -Whitney. I am glad to see you. _I did not hear you the first two times -you called!_” - -Colonel Ward was a gentleman in his manners, intelligent, kind and -courteous; prompt, energetic and faithful in the discharge of his -duties, and agreeable and entertaining in conversation. He died in -Boston, March 1st, 1842. - - - SAMUEL HATHAWAY - -Came to Worcester in the early part of this century, from the town of -Taunton, in this State. He became the owner of the Central Hotel, on -Main street, standing where the Bay State House now stands. At that time -there was a large farm connected with the hotel, and Mr. Hathaway -carried on the farm and kept the hotel. He was admitted to this society -in 1819, and remained an active member as long as he lived. - -The society frequently held its meetings at his hotel, where the members -were always sure of having good fare. - -About 1823 Samuel Hathaway sold out his estate on Main street, purchased -a farm at Washington Square, and built a hotel. His farm included all -the land occupied by the Boston & Albany Railroad, and on both sides of -Grafton street. He became a wealthy man, and built for himself a house -on Front street, retired from business, and died in Worcester, March -16th, 1831, much respected by his fellow citizens. Mr. Hathaway was a -man of good common sense, fond of wit and anecdote, very pleasant and -agreeable in conversation, and was willing to give and take a joke in a -pleasant and agreeable manner. - - - WILLIAM EATON - -Was a lineal descendant from the first settlers of Worcester. His -influence with his fellow citizens was seldom surpassed. For twelve -years, from 1810 to 1830, he was elected one of the selectmen of the -town of Worcester. For ten years he represented the town in the -Legislature of Massachusetts. He held office under the United States -Government in the war of 1812. For many years he was one of the County -Commissioners for the county of Worcester, and for many years a deputy -sheriff within and for said county. All the duties of these various -offices he discharged with kindness and ability. He was a man of strict -integrity, upright and honorable in all business transactions, and -commanded the respect and esteem of all who had the pleasure of his -acquaintance. He was a member of this society for thirty-three years. He -died in Worcester, May 4th, 1859, at the age of ninety-three. His -daughter now owns and occupies the estate on the west side of Main -street, where Mr. Eaton resided most of his lifetime. - -Very few men have lived in Worcester who understood the workings of the -human mind among the masses better than William Eaton. Hence he never -was at loss to know how to approach a man and control him under any -circumstances. His gentle and kind manner enabled him to exert a -powerful influence over his fellow citizens. This was the secret of his -great power among the people. - - - GEORGE A. TRUMBULL - -Was born in Petersham, in 1793. He removed to Worcester and opened a -book store on the site on the west side of Main street where the house -of Harrison Bliss now stands. His agreeable manners attracted customers -to his store, and he had a lucrative business for ten years, till he -sold out his stock and store to Clarendon Harris. - -He was elected cashier of the Central Bank in 1829, and held the office -till 1836, when he resigned, and was chosen cashier of the Citizens -Bank. He held this office for eighteen years, when he resigned, and his -son-in-law was elected in his place. Mr. Trumbull wrote a beautiful -hand, was a good accountant (never any irregularities in his accounts), -strictly honest, easy and agreeable in his manners, a gentleman in his -deportment, modest and retiring, always declining any public office -offered him by his fellow citizens, and always had about him a large -circle of warm friends. He was a member of this society for eleven -years. Few men have lived in Worcester more respected than George A. -Trumbull. He was the father of a large family, and moved in the first -society in Worcester, lived in a house situated on what is now called -Trumbull Square, and now occupied by Mrs. Trumbull, which was occupied -by his father before he came into possession of it. - - - JOHN W. HUBBARD - -Was a relative of Rev. Samuel Austin, D.D., so long the pastor of the -Old South Church. Dr. Austin adopted him and gave him his education. In -1811, at the age of seventeen years, he was selected by the Federal -Party to deliver a fourth of July oration at Worcester, which was -printed. His production was well received and gave him character for -talent and ability. He was born in Brookfield, Vermont, in 1794, and -graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1814, in the same class with the -famous Thaddeus Stevens and Governor Dinsmore; studied law with Governor -Van Ness, of Vermont and Samuel M. Burnside, of Worcester, was admitted -to the Bar in Worcester County in 1817, and practiced law in Worcester -till his death, September 19th, 1825. Mr. Hubbard possessed a well -cultivated mind, clear and discriminating, and had an extensive -practice. He formed a co-partnership in law with the late Judge -Kinnicutt, but lived only a few weeks after the co-partnership was -formed. He was a member of this society only four years. Mr. Hubbard -owned and occupied an estate on Main street, including some ten or -fifteen acres of land on each side of Austin street. He was a gentleman -in his manners, upright and honest in business transactions, energetic -and persevering in his profession; an able and well read lawyer. - - - OTIS CORBETT - -Was a native of Milford, came to Worcester in the early part of this -century, and opened a jewelry store on the west side of Main street, -opposite Mechanics Hall, where he acquired a very snug property in his -business. He was much respected by his fellow citizens, and was elected -a representative to the General Court from Worcester in the years 1824, -'26, '27, '28, '30 and '31. He was also chosen one of the selectmen of -Worcester in the years 1825, '26 and '29. In May, 1829, he was chosen -cashier of the Central Bank, and resigned the office in the autumn of -the same year. Mr. Corbett remained an active member of this society for -twenty-seven years. He was a man of stern integrity, strictly honest, -and commanded the confidence of all who knew him intimately. For many -years he was one of the trustees of the Worcester Academy, and took a -deep interest in the public schools of Worcester, and was for many years -a member of the School Board. - -Mr. Corbett owned and occupied a house on Front street, where the -meeting house of Dr. Cutler now stands, for twenty years. He then became -the owner of the house on High street, where Deacon Upham now lives. -Here he lived until his death, February 6th, 1868. Mr. Corbett received -his education in the common schools, still he was better educated than -many who had received a collegiate education. A man of sound judgment, -discreet and honest, kind and courteous, and a wise counsellor. - - - CHARLES WHEELER - -Was a son of Theophilus Wheeler, so long Register of Probate for the -county of Worcester. He was born in Worcester, August 10th, 1793; was -educated a merchant and kept a store for many years, on the east side of -Main street, in the modern building next north of the Wheeler mansion. -He was somewhat eccentric in his character, had no fondness whatever for -womankind, and always lived a bachelor. He was very modest in his -deportment, and strictly honest in all his dealings. He was admitted a -member of this society July, 1823, and withdrew from it in April, 1826, -and died in Worcester, March 6th, 1827. - - - SAMUEL B. THOMAS, - -While he resided in Worcester, was a portly, polite and pleasant -landlord. He succeeded Col. Reuben Sikes, one of the founders of the -first line of stages from Boston to New York, as the proprietor of the -public house on Main street, now called the Exchange Hotel. It may not -be inappropriate to mention here, that all the fuel that Capt. Thomas -used for heating his hotel for years, was Worcester anthracite coal, -procured at two dollars a ton. This coal was found in the northeasterly -part of the city, where there is an abundance, when the enterprise of -citizens shall develop it. He was admitted to this society in October, -1824, and after his admission the society held its quarterly meetings at -his hotel. The fare was crackers and cheese, ham, or tongue, and wine, -and each member paid twenty-five cents for his entertainment. At the -annual meetings a sumptuous supper was provided, with wines and liquors, -and the charge was one dollar for each member. - -Of course Capt. Thomas was a popular member, and remained an active -member for sixteen years, until his death. - -He was born in Brookfield in 1779, and died in Worcester, April 24th, -1840. Capt. Thomas was pleasant and agreeable in his manners, popular -with his fellow citizens, and was chosen a representative to the General -Court, from Worcester, in 1834, and had many warm admirers. - - * * * * * - -_Gentlemen of the Society_: - -In obedience to a request of your Committee on Publication, I have -hastily drawn up these historic sketches of the fifteen members of the -Society next preceding the oldest living member. If I have been so -fortunate in my sketches as to meet the approval of the members of the -society, I shall feel myself amply compensated for the labor of -gathering facts from history, and from the records of towns and -counties, and taxing the recollections of our venerable citizens, in -order to accomplish the object requested of me by the Committee. - - ISAAC DAVIS. - -WORCESTER, April, 1874. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - [Handwritten: - W^m. J. Burton Esquire - with the regards of the - Author] - - - SKETCHES - - OF - - FIFTEEN MEMBERS - - OF THE - - WORCESTER FIRE SOCIETY. - - - - - * * * * * * - - - - -Transcriber’s note: - -Capitalization and inconsistencies in spelling have been left as in the -original. - -Inconsistencies in punctuation in headings have been left as printed; -the person’s name seems to be treated as the first word of the paragraph -of text that follows. - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SKETCHES OF FIFTEEN MEMBERS OF -WORCESTER FIRE SOCIETY*** - - -******* This file should be named 50762-0.txt or 50762-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/5/0/7/6/50762 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it -under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this -eBook or online at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you are not -located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this ebook.</p> -<p>Title: Sketches of Fifteen Members of Worcester Fire Society</p> -<p>Author: Isaac Davis</p> -<p>Release Date: December 24, 2015 [eBook #50762]</p> -<p>Language: English</p> -<p>Character set encoding: UTF-8</p> -<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SKETCHES OF FIFTEEN MEMBERS OF WORCESTER FIRE SOCIETY***</p> -<p> </p> -<h4 class="nf-center">E-text prepared by Charlene Taylor, ellinora,<br /> - and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> - (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net">http://www.pgdp.net</a>)<br /> - from page images generously made available by<br /> - Internet Archive/American Libraries<br /> - (<a href="https://archive.org/details/americana">https://archive.org/details/americana</a>)</h4> -<p> </p> -<table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10"> - <tr> - <td valign="top"> - Note: - </td> - <td> - Images of the original pages are available through - Internet Archive/American Libraries. See - <a href="https://archive.org/details/sketchesoffiftee00davi"> - https://archive.org/details/sketchesoffiftee00davi</a> - </td> - </tr> -</table> -<p> </p> -<hr class="full" /> -<p> </p> -<p> </p> -<p> </p> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/cover.jpg' alt='book cover page' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c000' /> -</div> - -<div> - <h1 class='c001'><span class='xlarge'>SKETCHES</span> <br /> <br /> <span class='xsmall'>OF</span> <br /> <br /> <span class='large'>FIFTEEN MEMBERS</span> <br /> <br /> <span class='xsmall'>OF</span> <br /> <br /> <span class='xlarge'>WORCESTER FIRE SOCIETY</span>,</h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c000'> - <div><span class='xsmall'>BY</span></div> - <div class='c000'>ISAAC DAVIS.</div> - <div class='c002'>WORCESTER:</div> - <div>PRINTED BY CHARLES HAMILTON,</div> - <div><span class='small'>PALLADIUM OFFICE.</span></div> - <div><span class='small'>1874.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c000' /> -</div> - - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c006'><span class='xlarge'>ADDRESS BY HON. ISAAC DAVIS</span>,<br /> <br /><span class='sc'>At the Quarterly Meeting, April, 1874</span>.</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>The history of the Worcester Fire Society is intimately -connected with the history of Worcester, of Massachusetts, -and the United States. Ten of its members have been -Mayors of Worcester, three have been Governors of the -State, three have been Speakers of the House of Representatives, -and many have been Councillors, Senators and Representatives. -Five have been judges of the Supreme Judicial -Court, five have been judges of the Superior Court or Court -of Common Pleas, ten have been Members of Congress, and -many have held office under the United States Government, -and one has been a Foreign Minister.</p> - -<p class='c005'>This Fire Society, organized in 1793, was precisely like -one formed by Benjamin Franklin, in the city of Philadelphia, -in 1735:—The number of members limited to thirty, -the same equipments, the same rules and regulations. No -person could be admitted under thirty years of age, and -none over sixty. The Fire Society in Philadelphia was in -existence when this was formed.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Governor Lincoln gave his reminiscences of the twenty-two -original members in 1862. Eight years after, in 1870, -a member of this society gave a written account of the next -<span class='pageno' title='3' id='Page_3'>[3]</span><em>fifteen</em> members. Both of these historic papers were published -by this society. Subsequently Judge Thomas, in his -fascinating language, gave a graphic biography of the <em>next</em> -fifteen members, commencing with Governor Lincoln, and -ending with Edward D. Bangs. The object of the present -historic sketch is to give some account of the members from -Edward D. Bangs to the oldest living member, all of whom -have long since passed to the "spirit land." Among them -were distinguished scholars, statesmen, lawyers and physicians, -and five of them were graduates of Dartmouth College.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>SAMUEL JENNISON</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was no ordinary man. He did not enjoy the advantages -of a college education, still he became a learned man and a -very able writer. Some of the choicest articles in periodical -literature were from his pen. He was born in the town of -Brookfield, in 1788, and at the age of twelve years came to -Worcester to reside with his uncle, Hon. Oliver Fiske. In -April, 1810, he was elected accountant in the Worcester -Bank. In August, 1812, he was elected cashier of said Bank, -and continued to hold the office and discharge the duties -with promptness, fidelity and accuracy, for more than thirty-four -years. During much of the time while he was cashier -he was treasurer of the American Antiquarian Society, treasurer -of the State Lunatic Hospital, treasurer of the Worcester -County Institution for Savings, treasurer of the town of -Worcester, and clerk of the town, discharging all the duties -of these offices, much of the time without any assistant. No -<i>irregularities</i> were ever found in his accounts. He was one -of the Council of the American Antiquarian Society, and -<span class='pageno' title='4' id='Page_4'>[4]</span>was a member of many historical and literary societies. He -was admitted a member of this Society in October, 1816, -and remained an active member more than forty years, till -his death, March 11th, 1860.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Mr. Jennison was a modest, unassuming man, a gentleman -in his deportment, a man of rare taste and discrimination, -and of wonderful executive talent. He would accomplish -more business in a given time than any man I ever saw; yet -it was done quietly. He was loved and respected by all -who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. He wrote much -in prose and verse; his style was clear and lucid as a mirror. -He gathered much valuable biographical material, part of -which he passed over to the Rev. Dr. Allen just before the -publication of the second edition of his Biographical Dictionary. -The large remainder is now in possession of the -American Antiquarian Society.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>REJOICE NEWTON</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was born in Greenfield, October 18th, 1782. He was -graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1807, and was a classmate -of George Ticknor and Sylvanus Thayer. He commenced -the study of the law with Judge Newcomb, of -Greenfield, and finished his studies in the office of Hon. -Elijah H. Mills, of Northampton, in 1810.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Mr. Newton then removed to Worcester, and formed a -co-partnership in law with Hon. Francis Blake, which continued -till April, 1814. He was selected by the citizens of -Worcester, in 1814, to deliver an oration on the fourth of -July. This oration was published, and accelerated his rising -fame. Soon after, he was appointed County Attorney, -<span class='pageno' title='5' id='Page_5'>[5]</span>which office he held for ten years, when he resigned the -position. In 1825 he formed a co-partnership in law with -William Lincoln. His talents and capacity were appreciated -by his fellow citizens, and he was elected to the House of -Representatives in Massachusetts, in the years of 1829, 1830, -and 1831, and a State Senator in 1834. He had great -equanimity of character, and never lost or gained a case -but the result was precisely what he expected. Hence he -was perfectly satisfied with the result of every case. He -was honest, confiding and capable. He became a member -of this society in October, 1816, and remained an active -member for forty-seven years, when his health became poor -and he withdrew. He was long a member and officer in the -American Antiquarian Society. He died in Worcester, February -4th, 1868. Major Newton married a sister of the -late Governor Lincoln, and was a resident in Worcester for -more than half a century. He was honored with important -and responsible positions in the military, legislative, and -executive departments of the government of the State; all -the duties pertaining to these offices he discharged with -ability and fidelity, and to the entire satisfaction of his -constituents.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>SAMUEL M. BURNSIDE.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>His ancestors were Scots. He was a son of Thomas -Burnside, and was born in Northumberland, New Hampshire, -July 18th, 1783. His education was at the common -schools in New Hampshire, except nine months at an -academy, preparatory to his entering Dartmouth College.</p> - -<p class='c005'>After he was graduated from college, in 1805, he took -<span class='pageno' title='6' id='Page_6'>[6]</span>charge of a Female Academy in Andover, Mass., for two -years. He read law with Hon. Artemas Ward, so long -Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. He was -admitted to practice in 1810, commenced the practice of the -law in the Spring of 1810, in the town of Westborough, in -this County, and removed to Worcester in the autumn of -the same year. He married the daughter of Judge Foster -of Brookfield.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Mr. Burnside was a well read lawyer, and it is no disparagement -to any lawyer of the Worcester Bar to say that -none excelled him in his extensive knowledge of the law. -He was also well posted in theology, and took a deep interest -in our public schools. He was trustee in Leicester -Academy, and for many years was a member of the School -Committee of Worcester, a member of the American Antiquarian -Society, and one of the Council of said Society at -the time of his death. He delivered an able address before -the schools of Worcester in 1826, and represented the town -in the Legislature the same year. In 1831 he was selected -by the citizens of Worcester to deliver an oration on the -fourth of July, which was considered a very able production. -He was admitted to this society in January, 1817, -and remained an active member for thirty-three years. He -died in Worcester, July 25th, 1850, much respected by a -large circle of friends.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Mr. Burnside was a good classical scholar, an upright and -honored citizen, and a kind christian gentleman.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>REUBEN WHEELER</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was a member of this society from 1817 to 1822. He -came from Rutland, where he was born, to Worcester, to -<span class='pageno' title='7' id='Page_7'>[7]</span>execute the purposes of certain members of the Fire Society, -who had become convinced that the business of <em>tanning</em> was -very profitable. They raised thirty thousand dollars to put -into the business—Mr. Wheeler was superintendent and -manager—a large yard was built on Market street, the -largest in the county—Mr. Wheeler built a spacious house -on the corner of Main and Thomas streets, and business -went on swimmingly for five or six years, Mr. Wheeler -always assuring the proprietors that the business was very -profitable. Some of the proprietors having had no dividends -for several years, succeeded in raising a committee to investigate -the affairs of the company, when it turned out that the -concern was bankrupt. It was a South Sea bubble on a -small scale. Wheeler left town, and the tannery rotted -down. "<em>Sic transit gloria mundi.</em>"</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>BENJAMIN F. HEYWOOD</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was the son of Hon. Benjamin Heywood, of Worcester, -who was judge of the Court of Common Pleas for nine years.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Benjamin F. was born in Worcester, April 24th, 1792, -and graduated at Dartmouth College, in the class of 1812. -He attended the medical lectures at Dartmouth College, and -at Yale College, and took his degree of M. D. at Yale, in -1815. He formed a co-partnership with Dr. John Green, in -the practice of medicine, which existed for twenty years. -Dr. Heywood was councillor and censor in the Massachusetts -Medical Society, and became a member of the Society of -Cincinnati in 1859, in the right of his father, who was an -original member. As a physician he was very popular -among his patients. He had the confidence of his fellow -<span class='pageno' title='8' id='Page_8'>[8]</span>citizens, being repeatedly elected to both branches of the -City Government. His manners were pleasant and agreeable—a -man of good judgment and sound discretion. He -was admitted a member of this society July, 1817, and -remained an active member for more than fifty-two years, -till his death, December 7th, 1869.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Dr. Heywood married for his first wife, and also for his -second wife, sisters of Dr. John Green. He was a skillful -physician, a good citizen, honorable in his dealings; a man -of few words, kind and courteous, honored and respected by -those who had the pleasure of his acquaintance.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>ABIJAH BIGELOW</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was born in Westminster, county of Worcester, Dec. 5th, -1775. He was graduated at Dartmouth College, in the -class of 1795, studied law, and was admitted to practice in -1798, and opened an office in the town of Leominster, served -the town as town clerk for five consecutive years, was twice -elected by his fellow citizens a member of the General -Court of Massachusetts, and was elected a member of Congress -in 1810, and held the position till 1815.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Mr. Bigelow removed to Worcester in 1817, was elected a -member of the American Antiquarian Society, and a trustee -of Leicester Academy. From 1817 to 1833 he held the -office of Clerk of the Courts in the County of Worcester.</p> - -<p class='c005'>In 1838 he was appointed Master in Chancery for the -county of Worcester. He held the office of Justice of the -Peace for about fifty years. He was admitted to this society -about a year after he was appointed Clerk of the Courts, to -wit, in 1818, and continued a member till 1848, when he -<span class='pageno' title='9' id='Page_9'>[9]</span>withdrew from the society. In the evening of his life he -devoted much of his time to horticulture, agriculture, literature -and poetry. Some of his choice poetical productions -are in print. He died in Worcester, April 5th, 1860, at the -ripe old age of eighty five years, and is well remembered by -most of the living members of this society.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>JOHN MOWER</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was a son of Ebenezer Mower of Worcester; he received -his education at the common schools and at Leicester Academy. -He entered the mercantile business, and opened a store -on the corner of Main and Thomas streets. He married -Dolly Chamberlain, a daughter of William Chamberlain. -He was a bright, intelligent and well educated young man; -was popular with the young men of the place, and especially -with the young lawyers.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Soon after he was twenty-one years of age, high sheriff -Ward appointed him deputy sheriff for the county, and for -years, by the prompt and able manner in which he discharged -his duties, he did a larger business than any other -officer in the county. He was a member of this society less -than a year, when he emigrated to the South, and died at -Fort Gibson, Mississippi, April 15th, 1828.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>SAMUEL WARD</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was born in Guilford, Vermont, June 9th, 1793. He -was educated by his uncle, Capt. Ward, of Lancaster; came -to this place when a young man, and married into one of the -oldest and most respectable families of Worcester.</p> - -<p class='c005'>He was admitted to this society in 1819, and remained an -<span class='pageno' title='10' id='Page_10'>[10]</span>active member for eleven years. In the military department -of the government he was deeply interested. At this time -every able-bodied citizen, between the ages of eighteen and -forty-five years, was obliged to perform military duty at least -five days in each year. Worcester, then with a population -of little more than three thousand, had full and well disciplined -companies of artillery, cavalry, riflemen, and two -very large companies of infantry. Mr. Ward took great -pleasure in military affairs, and was ambitious to excel and -become a good disciplinarian; and he succeeded remarkably -well. He was promoted from one position to another, till -he was finally elected Colonel of the Sixth Regiment.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The next morning after he was promoted from Major to -the office of Colonel, he was walking down Main street, in -his most dignified manner, very straight—a little more than -perpendicular, when Israel Whitney, who wanted to see -him on business, called out, "Major Ward!" Ward walked -on. Whitney called a second time, louder, "Major Ward!" -No attention was paid to the call. He called a third time, -"<em>Colonel Ward!</em>" Ward turns immediately and walks -towards Whitney, and says, "Good morning, Mr. Whitney. -I am glad to see you. <em>I did not hear you the first two -times you called!</em>"</p> - -<p class='c005'>Colonel Ward was a gentleman in his manners, intelligent, -kind and courteous; prompt, energetic and faithful in the -discharge of his duties, and agreeable and entertaining in -conversation. He died in Boston, March 1st, 1842.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>SAMUEL HATHAWAY</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Came to Worcester in the early part of this century, from -the town of Taunton, in this State. He became the owner -<span class='pageno' title='11' id='Page_11'>[11]</span>of the Central Hotel, on Main street, standing where the -Bay State House now stands. At that time there was a -large farm connected with the hotel, and Mr. Hathaway -carried on the farm and kept the hotel. He was admitted -to this society in 1819, and remained an active member as -long as he lived.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The society frequently held its meetings at his hotel, -where the members were always sure of having good fare.</p> - -<p class='c005'>About 1823 Samuel Hathaway sold out his estate on Main -street, purchased a farm at Washington Square, and built a -hotel. His farm included all the land occupied by the -Boston & Albany Railroad, and on both sides of Grafton -street. He became a wealthy man, and built for himself a -house on Front street, retired from business, and died in -Worcester, March 16th, 1831, much respected by his fellow -citizens. Mr. Hathaway was a man of good common sense, -fond of wit and anecdote, very pleasant and agreeable in -conversation, and was willing to give and take a joke in a -pleasant and agreeable manner.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>WILLIAM EATON</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was a lineal descendant from the first settlers of Worcester. -His influence with his fellow citizens was seldom -surpassed. For twelve years, from 1810 to 1830, he was -elected one of the selectmen of the town of Worcester. -For ten years he represented the town in the Legislature -of Massachusetts. He held office under the United -States Government in the war of 1812. For many -years he was one of the County Commissioners for -the county of Worcester, and for many years a deputy -<span class='pageno' title='12' id='Page_12'>[12]</span>sheriff within and for said county. All the duties of these -various offices he discharged with kindness and ability. He -was a man of strict integrity, upright and honorable in all -business transactions, and commanded the respect and esteem -of all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. He -was a member of this society for thirty-three years. He died -in Worcester, May 4th, 1859, at the age of ninety-three. -His daughter now owns and occupies the estate on the -west side of Main street, where Mr. Eaton resided most of -his lifetime.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Very few men have lived in Worcester who understood -the workings of the human mind among the masses better -than William Eaton. Hence he never was at loss to know -how to approach a man and control him under any circumstances. -His gentle and kind manner enabled him to exert -a powerful influence over his fellow citizens. This was -the secret of his great power among the people.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>GEORGE A. TRUMBULL</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was born in Petersham, in 1793. He removed to Worcester -and opened a book store on the site on the west side -of Main street where the house of Harrison Bliss now -stands. His agreeable manners attracted customers to his -store, and he had a lucrative business for ten years, till he -sold out his stock and store to Clarendon Harris.</p> - -<p class='c005'>He was elected cashier of the Central Bank in 1829, and -held the office till 1836, when he resigned, and was chosen -cashier of the Citizens Bank. He held this office for -eighteen years, when he resigned, and his son-in-law was -elected in his place. Mr. Trumbull wrote a beautiful hand, -<span class='pageno' title='13' id='Page_13'>[13]</span>was a good accountant (never any irregularities in his -accounts), strictly honest, easy and agreeable in his manners, -a gentleman in his deportment, modest and retiring, always -declining any public office offered him by his fellow citizens, -and always had about him a large circle of warm friends. -He was a member of this society for eleven years. Few -men have lived in Worcester more respected than George A. -Trumbull. He was the father of a large family, and moved -in the first society in Worcester, lived in a house situated on -what is now called Trumbull Square, and now occupied by -Mrs. Trumbull, which was occupied by his father before he -came into possession of it.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>JOHN W. HUBBARD</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was a relative of Rev. Samuel Austin, D.D., so long the -pastor of the Old South Church. Dr. Austin adopted him -and gave him his education. In 1811, at the age of seventeen -years, he was selected by the Federal Party to deliver -a fourth of July oration at Worcester, which was printed. -His production was well received and gave him character for -talent and ability. He was born in Brookfield, Vermont, -in 1794, and graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1814, in -the same class with the famous Thaddeus Stevens and Governor -Dinsmore; studied law with Governor Van Ness, of -Vermont and Samuel M. Burnside, of Worcester, was admitted -to the Bar in Worcester County in 1817, and practiced -law in Worcester till his death, September 19th, 1825. -Mr. Hubbard possessed a well cultivated mind, clear and discriminating, -and had an extensive practice. He formed a -co-partnership in law with the late Judge Kinnicutt, but -<span class='pageno' title='14' id='Page_14'>[14]</span>lived only a few weeks after the co-partnership was formed. -He was a member of this society only four years. Mr. -Hubbard owned and occupied an estate on Main street, -including some ten or fifteen acres of land on each side of -Austin street. He was a gentleman in his manners, upright -and honest in business transactions, energetic and persevering -in his profession; an able and well read lawyer.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>OTIS CORBETT</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was a native of Milford, came to Worcester in the early -part of this century, and opened a jewelry store on the west -side of Main street, opposite Mechanics Hall, where he -acquired a very snug property in his business. He was -much respected by his fellow citizens, and was elected a -representative to the General Court from Worcester in the -years 1824, '26, '27, '28, '30 and '31. He was also chosen -one of the selectmen of Worcester in the years 1825, '26 -and '29. In May, 1829, he was chosen cashier of the Central -Bank, and resigned the office in the autumn of the same -year. Mr. Corbett remained an active member of this -society for twenty-seven years. He was a man of stern -integrity, strictly honest, and commanded the confidence of -all who knew him intimately. For many years he was one -of the trustees of the Worcester Academy, and took a deep -interest in the public schools of Worcester, and was for -many years a member of the School Board.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Mr. Corbett owned and occupied a house on Front street, -where the meeting house of Dr. Cutler now stands, for -twenty years. He then became the owner of the house on -High street, where Deacon Upham now lives. Here he -<span class='pageno' title='15' id='Page_15'>[15]</span>lived until his death, February 6th, 1868. Mr. Corbett received -his education in the common schools, still he was -better educated than many who had received a collegiate -education. A man of sound judgment, discreet and honest, -kind and courteous, and a wise counsellor.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>CHARLES WHEELER</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Was a son of Theophilus Wheeler, so long Register of -Probate for the county of Worcester. He was born in -Worcester, August 10th, 1793; was educated a merchant -and kept a store for many years, on the east side of Main -street, in the modern building next north of the Wheeler -mansion. He was somewhat eccentric in his character, had -no fondness whatever for womankind, and always lived a -bachelor. He was very modest in his deportment, and -strictly honest in all his dealings. He was admitted a -member of this society July, 1823, and withdrew from it in -April, 1826, and died in Worcester, March 6th, 1827.</p> - -<h3 class='c008'>SAMUEL B. THOMAS,</h3> - -<p class='c009'>While he resided in Worcester, was a portly, polite and -pleasant landlord. He succeeded Col. Reuben Sikes, one of -the founders of the first line of stages from Boston to New -York, as the proprietor of the public house on Main street, -now called the Exchange Hotel. It may not be inappropriate -to mention here, that all the fuel that Capt. Thomas -used for heating his hotel for years, was Worcester anthracite -coal, procured at two dollars a ton. This coal was -found in the northeasterly part of the city, where there is an -abundance, when the enterprise of citizens shall develop it. -<span class='pageno' title='16' id='Page_16'>[16]</span>He was admitted to this society in October, 1824, and -after his admission the society held its quarterly meetings at -his hotel. The fare was crackers and cheese, ham, or tongue, -and wine, and each member paid twenty-five cents for his -entertainment. At the annual meetings a sumptuous supper -was provided, with wines and liquors, and the charge was -one dollar for each member.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Of course Capt. Thomas was a popular member, and -remained an active member for sixteen years, until his death.</p> - -<p class='c005'>He was born in Brookfield in 1779, and died in Worcester, -April 24th, 1840. Capt. Thomas was pleasant and agreeable -in his manners, popular with his fellow citizens, and -was chosen a representative to the General Court, from -Worcester, in 1834, and had many warm admirers.</p> - -<hr class='c010' /> - -<p class='c009'><i>Gentlemen of the Society</i>:</p> - -<p class='c005'>In obedience to a request of your Committee on Publication, -I have hastily drawn up these historic sketches of the -fifteen members of the Society next preceding the oldest -living member. If I have been so fortunate in my sketches -as to meet the approval of the members of the society, I -shall feel myself amply compensated for the labor of gathering -facts from history, and from the records of towns and -counties, and taxing the recollections of our venerable citizens, -in order to accomplish the object requested of me by -the Committee.</p> - -<div class='c011'>ISAAC DAVIS.</div> - -<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>Worcester</span>, April, 1874.</p> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c000' /> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/signature.jpg' alt='handwritten note' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='xlarge'>SKETCHES</span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='small'>OF</span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='xlarge'>FIFTEEN MEMBERS</span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='small'>OF THE</span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='xlarge'>WORCESTER FIRE SOCIETY</span>.</div> - </div> -</div> -<p> </p> -<p> </p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c000' /> -</div> -<p> </p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='large'>Transcriber's Note:</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c004'>Capitalization and inconsistencies in spelling have been left -as in the original.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Inconsistencies in punctuation in headings have been -left as printed; the person's name seems to be treated as the first -word of the paragraph of text that follows.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The cover image was created by the transcriber from -the title page and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -<p> </p> -<p> </p> -<hr class="full" /> -<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SKETCHES OF FIFTEEN MEMBERS OF WORCESTER FIRE SOCIETY***</p> -<p>******* This file should be named 50762-h.htm or 50762-h.zip *******</p> -<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/5/0/7/6/50762">http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/7/6/50762</a></p> -<p> -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed.</p> - -<p>Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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