diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 5011-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 23820 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 5011-h/5011-h.htm | 1485 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 5011.txt | 1157 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 5011.zip | bin | 0 -> 22898 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/sujad10.txt | 1113 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/sujad10.zip | bin | 0 -> 22209 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/sujad11.txt | 1114 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/sujad11.zip | bin | 0 -> 22160 bytes |
11 files changed, 4885 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/5011-h.zip b/5011-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..34ff913 --- /dev/null +++ b/5011-h.zip diff --git a/5011-h/5011-h.htm b/5011-h/5011-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e5bfab --- /dev/null +++ b/5011-h/5011-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1485 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> + +<head> + +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> + +<title> +The Project Gutenberg E-text of State of the Union Addresses, by John Adams +</title> + +<style type="text/css"> +body { color: black; + background: white; + margin-right: 10%; + margin-left: 10%; + font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; + text-align: justify } + +p {text-indent: 4% } + +p.noindent {text-indent: 0% } + +p.t1 {text-indent: 0% ; + font-size: 200%; + text-align: center } + +p.t2 {text-indent: 0% ; + font-size: 150%; + text-align: center } + +p.t3 {text-indent: 0% ; + font-size: 100%; + text-align: center } + +p.t3b {text-indent: 0% ; + font-size: 100%; + font-weight: bold; + text-align: center } + +p.t4 {text-indent: 0% ; + font-size: 80%; + text-align: center } + +p.t4b {text-indent: 0% ; + font-size: 80%; + font-weight: bold; + text-align: center } + +p.t5 {text-indent: 0% ; + font-size: 60%; + text-align: center } + +h1 { text-align: center } +h2 { text-align: center } +h3 { text-align: center } +h4 { text-align: center } +h5 { text-align: center } + +p.poem {text-indent: 0%; + margin-left: 10%; } + +p.contents {text-indent: -3%; + margin-left: 5% } + +p.thought {text-indent: 0% ; + letter-spacing: 4em ; + text-align: center } + +p.letter {text-indent: 0%; + margin-left: 10% ; + margin-right: 10% } + +p.footnote {text-indent: 0% ; + font-size: 80%; + margin-left: 10% ; + margin-right: 10% } + +p.transnote {text-indent: 0% ; + margin-left: 0% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +p.intro {font-size: 90% ; + text-indent: -5% ; + margin-left: 5% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +p.quote {text-indent: 4% ; + margin-left: 0% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +p.finis { font-size: larger ; + text-align: center ; + text-indent: 0% ; + margin-left: 0% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +</style> + +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's State of the Union Addresses of John Adams, by John Adams + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most +other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of +the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have +to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. + +Title: State of the Union Addresses of John Adams + +Author: John Adams + +Posting Date: November 21, 2014 [EBook #5011] +Release Date: February, 2004 +First Posted: April 11, 2002 +Last Updated: December 16, 2004 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESSES *** + + + + +Produced by James Linden. HTML version by Al Haines. + + + + + +</pre> + + +<p class="noindent"> +<br /><br /><br /> +The addresses are separated by three asterisks: *** +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Dates of addresses by John Adams in this eBook: +<br /><br /> + <a href="#nov1797">November 22, 1797</a><br /> + <a href="#dec1798">December 8, 1798</a><br /> + <a href="#dec1799">December 3, 1799</a><br /> + <a href="#nov1800">November 11, 1800</a><br /> +</p> + +<p><br /><br /></p> + +<p class="t3"> +*** +</p> + +<p><a id="nov1797"></a></p> + +<p class="noindent"> +State of the Union Address<br /> +John Adams<br /> +November 22, 1797<br /> +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +I was for some time apprehensive that it would be necessary, on account of +the contagious sickness which afflicted the city of Philadelphia, to +convene the National Legislature at some other place. This measure it was +desirable to avoid, because it would occasion much public inconvenience and +a considerable public expense and add to the calamities of the inhabitants +of this city, whose sufferings must have excited the sympathy of all their +fellow citizens. Therefore, after taking measures to ascertain the state +and decline of the sickness, I postponed my determination, having hopes, +now happily realized, that, without hazard to the lives or health of the +members, Congress might assemble at this place, where it was next by law to +meet. I submit, however, to your consideration whether a power to postpone +the meeting of Congress, without passing the time fixed by the Constitution +upon such occasions, would not be a useful amendment to the law of 1794. +</p> + +<p> +Although I can not yet congratulate you on the reestablishment of peace in +Europe and the restoration of security to the persons and properties of our +citizens from injustice and violence at sea, we have, nevertheless, +abundant cause of gratitude to the source of benevolence and influence for +interior tranquillity and personal security, for propitious seasons, +prosperous agriculture, productive fisheries, and general improvements, +and, above all, for a rational spirit of civil and religious liberty and a +calm but steady determination to support our sovereignty, as well as our +moral and our religious principles, against all open and secret attacks. +</p> + +<p> +Our envoys extraordinary to the French Republic embarked--one in July, the +other in August--to join their colleague in Holland. I have received +intelligence of the arrival of both of them in Holland, from whence they +all proceeded on their journeys to Paris within a few days of the 19th of +September. Whatever may be the result of this mission, I trust that nothing +will have been omitted on my part to conduct the negotiation to a +successful conclusion, on such equitable terms as may be compatible with +the safety, honor and interest of the United States. Nothing, in the mean +time, will contribute so much to the preservation of peace and the +attainment of justice as manifestation of that energy and unanimity of +which on many former occasions the people of the United States have given +such memorable proofs, and the exertion of those resources for national +defense which a beneficent Providence has kindly placed within their +power. +</p> + +<p> +It may be confidently asserted that nothing has occurred since the +adjournment of Congress which renders inexpedient those precautionary +measures recommended by me to the consideration of the two Houses at the +opening of your late extraordinary session. If that system was then +prudent, it is more so now, as increasing depredations strengthen the +reasons for its adoption. +</p> + +<p> +Indeed, whatever may be the issue of the negotiation with France, and +whether the war in Europe is or is not to continue, I hold it most certain +that permanent tranquillity and order will not soon be obtained. The state +of society has so long been disturbed, the sense of moral and religious +obligations so much weakened, public faith and national honor have been so +impaired, respect to treaties has been so diminished, and the law of +nations has lost so much of its force, while pride, ambition, avarice and +violence have been so long unrestrained, there remains no reasonable ground +on which to raise an expectation that a commerce without protection or +defense will not be plundered. +</p> + +<p> +The commerce of the United States is essential, if not to their existence, +at least to their comfort, their growth, prosperity, and happiness. The +genius, character, and habits of the people are highly commercial. Their +cities have been formed and exist upon commerce. Our agriculture, +fisheries, arts, and manufactures are connected with and depend upon it. In +short, commerce has made this country what it is, and it can not be +destroyed or neglected without involving the people in poverty and +distress. Great numbers are directly and solely supported by navigation. +The faith of society is pledged for the preservation of the rights of +commercial and sea faring no less than of the other citizens. Under this +view of our affairs, I should hold myself guilty of a neglect of duty if I +forbore to recommend that we should make every exertion to protect our +commerce and to place our country in a suitable posture of defense as the +only sure means of preserving both. +</p> + +<p> +I have entertained an expectation that it would have been in my power at +the opening of this session to have communicated to you the agreeable +information of the due execution of our treaty with His Catholic Majesty +respecting the withdrawing of his troops from our territory and the +demarcation of the line of limits, but by the latest authentic intelligence +Spanish garrisons were still continued within our country, and the running +of the boundary line had not been commenced. These circumstances are the +more to be regretted as they can not fail to affect the Indians in a manner +injurious to the United States. Still, however, indulging the hope that the +answers which have been given will remove the objections offered by the +Spanish officers to the immediate execution of the treaty, I have judged it +proper that we should continue in readiness to receive the posts and to run +the line of limits. Further information on this subject will be +communicated in the course of the session. +</p> + +<p> +In connection with this unpleasant state of things on our western frontier +it is proper for me to mention the attempts of foreign agents to alienate +the affections of the Indian nations and to excite them to actual +hostilities against the United States. Great activity has been exerted by +those persons who have insinuated themselves among the Indian tribes +residing within the territory of the United States to influence them to +transfer their affections and force to a foreign nation, to form them into +a confederacy, and prepare them for war against the United States. Although +measures have been taken to counteract these infractions of our rights, to +prevent Indian hostilities, and to preserve entire their attachment to the +United States, it is my duty to observe that to give a better effect to +these measures and to obviate the consequences of a repetition of such +practices a law providing adequate punishment for such offenses may be +necessary. +</p> + +<p> +The commissioners appointed under the 5th article of the treaty of amity, +commerce, and navigation between the United States and Great Britain to +ascertain the river which was truly intended under the name of the river +St. Croix mentioned in the treaty of peace, met at Passamaquoddy Bay in +1796 October, and viewed the mouths of the rivers in question and the +adjacent shores and islands, and, being of opinion that actual surveys of +both rivers to their sources were necessary, gave to the agents of the two +nations instructions for that purpose, and adjourned to meet at Boston in +August. They met, but the surveys requiring more time than had been +supposed, and not being then completed, the commissioners again adjourned, +to meet at Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, in June next, when we +may expect a final examination and decision. +</p> + +<p> +The commissioners appointed in pursuance of the 6th article of the treaty +met at Philadelphia in May last to examine the claims of British subjects +for debts contracted before the peace and still remaining due to them from +citizens or inhabitants of the United States. Various causes have hitherto +prevented any determinations, but the business is now resumed, and +doubtless will be prosecuted without interruption. +</p> + +<p> +Several decisions on the claims of citizens of the United States for losses +and damages sustained by reason of irregular and illegal captures or +condemnations of their vessels or other property have been made by the +commissioners in London conformably to the 7th article of the treaty. The +sums awarded by the commissioners have been paid by the British Government. +A considerable number of other claims, where costs and damages, and not +captured property, were the only objects in question, have been decided by +arbitration, and the sums awarded to the citizens of the United States have +also been paid. +</p> + +<p> +The commissioners appointed agreeably to the 21st article of our treaty +with Spain met at Philadelphia in the summer past to examine and decide on +the claims of our citizens for losses they have sustained in consequence of +their vessels and cargoes having been taken by the subjects of His Catholic +Majesty during the late war between Spain and France. Their sittings have +been interrupted, but are now resumed. +</p> + +<p> +The United States being obligated to make compensation for the losses and +damages sustained by British subjects, upon the award of the commissioners +acting under the 6th article of the treaty with Great Britain, and for the +losses and damages sustained by British subjects by reason of the capture +of their vessels and merchandise taken within the limits and jurisdiction +of the United States and brought into their ports, or taken by vessels +originally armed in ports of the United States, upon the awards of the +commissioners acting under the 7th article of the same treaty, it is +necessary that provision be made for fulfilling these obligations. +</p> + +<p> +The numerous captures of American vessels by the cruisers of the French +Republic and of some by those of Spain have occasioned considerable +expenses in making and supporting the claims of our citizens before their +tribunals. The sums required for this purpose have in divers instances been +disbursed by the consuls of the United States. By means of the same +captures great numbers of our sea men have been thrown ashore in foreign +countries, destitute of all means of subsistence, and the sick in +particular have been exposed to grievous sufferings. The consuls have in +these cases also advanced moneys for their relief. For these advances they +reasonably expect reimbursements from the United States. +</p> + +<p> +The consular act relative to sea men requires revision and amendment. The +provisions for their support in foreign countries and for their return are +found to be inadequate and ineffectual. Another provision seems necessary +to be added to the consular act. Some foreign vessels have been discovered +sailing under the flag of the United States and with forged papers. It +seldom happens that the consuls can detect this deception, because they +have no authority to demand an inspection of the registers and sea +letters. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +It is my duty to recommend to your serious consideration those objects +which by the Constitution are placed particularly within your sphere--the +national debts and taxes. +</p> + +<p> +Since the decay of the feudal system, by which the public defense was +provided for chiefly at the expense of individuals, the system of loans has +been introduced, and as no nation can raise within the year by taxes +sufficient sums for its defense and military operations in time of war the +sums loaned and debts contracted have necessarily become the subjects of +what have been called funding systems. The consequences arising from the +continual accumulation of public debts in other countries ought to admonish +us to be careful to prevent their growth in our own. The national defense +must be provided for as well as the support of Government; but both should +be accomplished as much as possible by immediate taxes, and as little as +possible by loans. +</p> + +<p> +The estimates for the service of the ensuing year will by my direction be +laid before you. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +We are met together at a most interesting period. The situations of the +principal powers of Europe are singular and portentous. Connected with some +by treaties and with all by commerce, no important event there can be +indifferent to us. Such circumstances call with peculiar importunity not +less for a disposition to unite in all those measures on which the honor, +safety, and prosperity of our country depend than for all the exertions of +wisdom and firmness. +</p> + +<p> +In all such measures you may rely on my zealous and hearty concurrence. +</p> + +<p><br /><br /></p> + +<p class="t3"> +*** +</p> + +<p><a id="dec1798"></a></p> + +<p class="noindent"> +State of the Union Address<br /> +John Adams<br /> +December 8, 1798<br /> +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +While with reverence and resignation we contemplate the dispensations of +Divine Providence in the alarming and destructive pestilence with which +several of our cities and towns have been visited, there is cause for +gratitude and mutual congratulations that the malady has disappeared and +that we are again permitted to assemble in safety at the seat of Government +for the discharge of our important duties. But when we reflect that this +fatal disorder has within a few years made repeated ravages in some of our +principal sea ports, and with increased malignancy, and when we consider +the magnitude of the evils arising from the interruption of public and +private business, whereby the national interests are deeply affected, I +think it my duty to invite the Legislature of the Union to examine the +expediency of establishing suitable regulations in aid of the health laws +of the respective States; for these being formed on the idea that +contagious sickness may be communicated through the channels of commerce, +there seems to be a necessity that Congress, who alone can regulate trade, +should frame a system which, while it may tend to preserve the general +health, may be compatible with the interests of commerce and the safety of +the revenue. +</p> + +<p> +While we think on this calamity and sympathize with the immediate +sufferers, we have abundant reason to present to the Supreme Being our +annual oblations of gratitude for a liberal participation in the ordinary +blessings of His providence. To the usual subjects of gratitude I can not +omit to add one of the first importance to our well being and safety; I mean +that spirit which has arisen in our country against the menaces and +aggression of a foreign nation. A manly sense of national honor, dignity, +and independence has appeared which, if encouraged and invigorated by every +branch of the Government, will enable us to view undismayed the enterprises +of any foreign power and become the sure foundation of national prosperity +and glory. +</p> + +<p> +The course of the transactions in relation to the United States and France +which have come to my knowledge during your recess will be made the subject +of a future communication. That communication will confirm the ultimate +failure of the measures which have been taken by the Government of the +United States toward an amicable adjustment of differences with that power. +You will at the same time perceive that the French Government appears +solicitous to impress the opinion that it is averse to a rupture with this +country, and that it has in a qualified manner declared itself willing to +receive a minister from the United States for the purpose of restoring a +good understanding. It is unfortunate for professions of this kind that +they should be expressed in terms which may countenance the inadmissible +pretension of a right to prescribe the qualifications which a minister from +the United States should possess, and that while France is asserting the +existence of a disposition on her part to conciliate with sincerity the +differences which have arisen, the sincerity of a like disposition on the +part of the United States, of which so many demonstrative proofs have been +given, should even be indirectly questioned. +</p> + +<p> +It is also worthy of observation that the decree of the Directory alleged +to be intended to restrain the depredations of French cruisers on our +commerce has not given, and can not give, any relief. It enjoins them to +conform to all the laws of France relative to cruising and prizes, while +these laws are themselves the sources of the depredations of which we have +so long, so justly, and so fruitlessly complained. +</p> + +<p> +The law of France enacted in January last, which subjects to capture and +condemnation neutral vessels and their cargoes if any portion of the latter +are of British fabric or produce, although the entire property belong to +neutrals, instead of being rescinded has lately received a confirmation by +the failure of a proposition for its repeal. While this law, which is an +unequivocal act of war on the commerce of the nations it attacks, continues +in force those nations can see in the French Government only a power +regardless of their essential rights, of their independence and +sovereignty; and if they possess the means they can reconcile nothing with +their interest and honor but a firm resistance. +</p> + +<p> +Hitherto, therefore, nothing is discoverable in the conduct of France which +ought to change or relax our measures of defense. On the contrary, to +extend and invigorate them is our true policy. We have no reason to regret +that these measures have been thus far adopted and pursued, and in +proportion as we enlarge our view of the portentous and incalculable +situation of Europe we shall discover new and cogent motives for the full +development of our energies and resources. +</p> + +<p> +But in demonstrating by our conduct that we do not fear war in the +necessary protection of our rights and honor we shall give no room to infer +that we abandon the desire of peace. An efficient preparation for war can +alone insure peace. It is peace that we have uniformly and perseveringly +cultivated, and harmony between us and France may be restored at her +option. But to send another minister without more determinate assurances +that he would be received would be an act of humiliation to which the +United States ought not to submit. It must therefore be left with France +(if she is indeed desirous of accommodation) to take the requisite steps. +</p> + +<p> +The United States will steadily observe the maxims by which they have +hitherto been governed. They will respect the sacred rights of embassy; and +with a sincere disposition on the part of France to desist from hostility, +to make reparation for the injuries heretofore inflicted on our commerce, +and to do justice in future, there will be no obstacle to the restoration +of a friendly intercourse. +</p> + +<p> +In making to you this declaration I give a pledge to France and the world +that the Executive authority of this country still adheres to the humane +and pacific policy which has invariably governed its proceedings, in +conformity with the wishes of the other branches of the Government and of +the people of the United States. But considering the late manifestations of +her policy toward foreign nations, I deem it a duty deliberately and +solemnly to declare my opinion that whether we negotiate with her or not, +vigorous preparations for war will be alike indispensable. These alone will +give to us an equal treaty and insure its observance. +</p> + +<p> +Among the measures of preparation which appear expedient, I take the +liberty to recall your attention to the naval establishment. The beneficial +effects of the small naval armament provided under the acts of the last +session are known and acknowledged. Perhaps no country ever experienced +more sudden and remarkable advantages from any measure of policy than we +have derived from the arming for our maritime protection and defense. +</p> + +<p> +We ought without loss of time to lay the foundation for an increase of our +Navy to a size sufficient to guard our coast and protect our trade. Such a +naval force as it is doubtless in the power of the United States to create +and maintain would also afford to them the best means of general defense by +facilitating the safe transportation of troops and stores to every part of +our extensive coast. To accomplish this important object, a prudent +foresight requires that systematic measures be adopted for procuring at all +times the requisite timber and other supplies. In what manner this shall be +done I leave to your consideration. +</p> + +<p> +I will now advert, gentlemen, to some matters of less moment, but proper to +be communicated to the National Legislature. +</p> + +<p> +After the Spanish garrisons had evacuated the posts they occupied at the +Natchez and Walnut Hills the commissioner of the United States commences +his observations to ascertain the point near the Mississippi which +terminated the northernmost part of the 31st degree of north latitude. From +thence he proceeded to run the boundary line between the United States and +Spain. He was afterwards joined by the Spanish commissioner, when the work +of the former was confirmed, and they proceeded together to the demarcation +of the line. +</p> + +<p> +Recent information renders it probable that the Southern Indians, either +instigated to oppose the demarcation or jealous of the consequences of +suffering white people to run a line over lands to which the Indian title +had not been extinguished, have ere this time stopped the progress of the +commissioners; and considering the mischiefs which may result from +continuing the demarcation in opposition to the will of the Indian tribes, +the great expense attending it, and that the boundaries which the +commissioners have actually established probably extend at least as far as +the Indian title has been extinguished, it will perhaps become expedient +and necessary to suspend further proceedings by recalling our +commissioner. +</p> + +<p> +The commissioners appointed in pursuance of the 5th article of the treaty +of amity, commerce, and navigation between the United States and His +Britannic Majesty to determine what river was truly intended under the name +of the river St. Croix mentioned in the treaty of peace, and forming a part +of the boundary therein described, have finally decided that question. On +the 25th of October they made their declaration that a river called +Scoodiac, which falls into Passamaquoddy Bay at its northwestern quarter, +was the true St. Croix intended in the treaty of peace, as far as its great +fork, where one of its streams comes from the westward and the other from +the northward, and that the latter stream is the continuation of the St. +Croix to its source. +</p> + +<p> +This decision, it is understood, will preclude all contention among the +individual claimants, as it seems that the Scoodiac and its northern branch +bound the grants of land which have been made by the respective adjoining +Governments. +</p> + +<p> +A subordinate question, however, it has been suggested, still remains to be +determined. Between the mouth of the St. Croix as now settled and what is +usually called the Bay of Fundy lie a number of valuable islands. The +commissioners have not continued the boundary line through any channel of +these islands, and unless the bay of Passamaquoddy be a part of the Bay of +Fundy this further adjustment of boundary will be necessary, but it is +apprehended that this will not be a matter of any difficulty. +</p> + +<p> +Such progress has been made in the examination and decision of cases of +captures and condemnations of American vessels which were the subject of +the 7th article of the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation between +the United States and Great Britain that it is supposed the commissioners +will be able to bring their business to a conclusion in August of the +ensuing year. +</p> + +<p> +The commissioners acting under the 25th article of the treaty between the +United States and Spain have adjusted most of the claims of our citizens +for losses sustained in consequence of their vessels and cargoes having +been taken by the subjects of His Catholic Majesty during the late war +between France and Spain. +</p> + +<p> +Various circumstances have concurred to delay the execution of the law for +augmenting the military establishment, among these the desire of obtaining +the fullest information to direct the best selection of officers. As this +object will now be speedily accomplished, it is expected that the raising +and organizing of the troops will proceed without obstacle and with +effect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +I have directed an estimate of the appropriations which will be necessary +for the service of the ensuing year to be laid before you, accompanied with +a view of the public receipts and expenditures to a recent period. +</p> + +<p> +It will afford you satisfaction to infer the great extent and solidity of +the public resources from the prosperous state of the finances, +notwithstanding the unexampled embarrassments which have attended commerce. +When you reflect on the conspicuous examples of patriotism and liberality +which have been exhibited by our mercantile fellow citizens, and how great +a proportion of the public resources depends on their enterprise, you will +naturally consider whether their convenience can not be promoted and +reconciled with the security of the revenue by a revision of the system by +which the collection is at present regulated. +</p> + +<p> +During your recess measures have been steadily pursued for effecting the +valuations and returns directed by the act of the last session, preliminary +to the assessment and collection of a direct tax. No other delays or +obstacles have been experienced except such as were expected to arise from +the great extent of our country and the magnitude and novelty of the +operation, and enough has been accomplished to assure a fulfillment of the +views of the Legislature. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +I can not close this address without once more adverting to our political +situation and inculcating the essential importance of uniting in the +maintenance of our dearest interests; and I trust that by the temper and +wisdom of your proceedings and by a harmony of measures we shall secure to +our country that weight and respect to which it is so justly entitled. +</p> + +<p><br /><br /></p> + +<p class="t3"> +*** +</p> + +<p><a id="dec1799"></a></p> + +<p class="noindent"> +State of the Union Address<br /> +John Adams<br /> +December 3, 1799<br /> +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +It is with peculiar satisfaction that I meet the 6th Congress of the United +States of America. Coming from all parts of the Union at this critical and +interesting period, the members must be fully possessed of the sentiments +and wishes of our constituents. +</p> + +<p> +The flattering prospects of abundance from the labors of the people by land +and by sea; the prosperity of our extended commerce, notwithstanding +interruptions occasioned by the belligerent state of a great part of the +world; the return of health, industry, and trade to those cities which have +lately been afflicted with disease, and the various and inestimable +advantages, civil and religious, which, secured under our happy frame of +government, are continued to us unimpaired, demand of the whole American +people sincere thanks to a benevolent Deity for the merciful dispensations +of His providence. +</p> + +<p> +But while these numerous blessings are recollected, it is a painful duty to +advert to the ungrateful return which has been made for them by some of the +people in certain counties of Pennsylvania, where, seduced by the arts and +misrepresentations of designing men, they have openly resisted the law +directing the valuation of houses and lands. Such defiance was given to the +civil authority as rendered hopeless all further attempts by judicial +process to enforce the execution of the law, and it became necessary to +direct a military force to be employed, consisting of some companies of +regular troops, volunteers, and militia, by whose zeal and activity, in +cooperation with the judicial power, order and submission were restored and +many of the offenders arrested. Of these, some have been convicted of +misdemeanors, and others, charged with various crimes, remain to be tried. +</p> + +<p> +To give due effect to the civil administration of Government and to insure +a just execution of the laws, a revision and amendment of the judiciary +system is indispensably necessary. In this extensive country it can not but +happen that numerous questions respecting the interpretation of the laws +and the rights and duties of officers and citizens must arise. On the one +hand, the laws should be executed; on the other, individuals should be +guarded from oppression. Neither of these objects is sufficiently assured +under the present organization of the judicial department. I therefore +earnestly recommend the subject to your serious consideration. +</p> + +<p> +Persevering in the pacific and humane policy which had been invariably +professed and sincerely pursued by the Executive authority of the United +States, when indications were made on the part of the French Republic of a +disposition to accommodate the existing differences between the two +countries, I felt it to be my duty to prepare for meeting their advances by +a nomination of ministers upon certain conditions which the honor of our +country dictated, and which its moderation had given it a right to +prescribe. +</p> + +<p> +The assurances which were required of the French Government previous to the +departure of our envoys have been given through their minister of foreign +relations, and I have directed them to proceed on their mission to Paris. +They have full power to conclude a treaty, subject to the constitutional +advice and consent of the Senate. The characters of these gentlemen are +sure pledges to their country that nothing incompatible with its honor or +interest, nothing inconsistent with our obligations of good faith or +friendship to any other nation, will be stipulated. +</p> + +<p> +It appearing probable from the information I received that our commercial +intercourse with some ports in the island of St. Domingo might safely be +renewed, I took such steps as seemed to me expedient to ascertain that +point. The result being satisfactory, I then, in conformity with the act of +Congress on the subject, directed the restraints and prohibitions of that +intercourse to be discontinued on terms which were made known by +proclamation. Since the renewal of this intercourse our citizens trading to +those ports, with their property, have been duly respected, and +privateering from those ports has ceased. +</p> + +<p> +In examining the claims of British subjects by the commissioners at +Philadelphia, acting under the 6th article of the treaty of amity, +commerce, and navigation with Great Britain, a difference of opinion on +points deemed essential in the interpretation of that article has arisen +between the commissioners appointed by the United States and the other +members of that board, from which the former have thought it their duty to +withdraw. It is sincerely to be regretted that the execution of an article +produced by a mutual spirit of amity and justice should have been thus +unavoidably interrupted. It is, however, confidently expected that the same +spirit of amity and the same sense of justice in which it originated will +lead to satisfactory explanations. +</p> + +<p> +In consequence of the obstacles to the progress of the commission in +Philadelphia, His Britannic Majesty has directed the commissioners +appointed by him under the 7th article of the treaty relating to the +British captures of American vessels to withdraw from the board sitting in +London, but with the express declaration of his determination to fulfill +with punctuality and good faith the engagements which His Majesty has +contracted by his treaty with the United States, and that they will be +instructed to resume their functions whenever the obstacles which impede +the progress of the commission at Philadelphia shall be removed. It being +in like manner my sincere determination, so far as the same depends on me, +that with equal punctuality and good faith the engagements contracted by +the United States in their treaties with His Britannic Majesty shall be +fulfilled, I shall immediately instruct our minister at London to endeavor +to obtain the explanation necessary to a just performance of those +engagements on the part of the United States. With such dispositions on +both sides, I can not entertain a doubt that all difficulties will soon be +removed and that the two boards will then proceed and bring the business +committed to them respectively to a satisfactory conclusion. +</p> + +<p> +The act of Congress relative to the seat of the Government of the United +States requiring that on the 1st Monday of December next it should be +transferred from Philadelphia to the District chosen for its permanent +seat, it is proper for me to inform you that the commissioners appointed to +provide suitable buildings for the accommodation of Congress and of the +President and of the public offices of the Government have made a report of +the state of the buildings designed for those purposes in the city of +Washington, from which they conclude that the removal of the seat of +Government to that place at the time required will be practicable and the +accommodation satisfactory. Their report will be laid before you. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +I shall direct the estimates of the appropriations necessary for the +service of the ensuing year, together with an account of the revenue and +expenditure, to be laid before you. During a period in which a great +portion of the civilized world has been involved in a war unusually +calamitous and destructive, it was not to be expected that the United +States could be exempted from extraordinary burthens. Although the period +is not arrived when the measures adopted to secure our country against +foreign attacks can be renounced, yet it is alike necessary for the honor +of the Government and the satisfaction of the community that an exact +economy should be maintained. I invite you, gentlemen, to investigate the +different branches of the public expenditure. The examination will lead to +beneficial retrenchments or produce a conviction of the wisdom of the +measures to which the expenditure relates. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +At a period like the present, when momentous changes are occurring and +every hour is preparing new and great events in the political world, when a +spirit of war is prevalent in almost every nation with whose affairs the +interests of the United States have any connection, unsafe and precarious +would be our situation were we to neglect the means of maintaining our just +rights. The result of the mission to France is uncertain; but however it +may terminate, a steady perseverance in a system of national defense +commensurate with our resources and the situation of our country is an +obvious dictate of wisdom; for, remotely as we are placed from the +belligerent nations, and desirous as we are, by doing justice to all, to +avoid offense to any, nothing short of the power of repelling aggressions +will secure to our country a rational prospect of escaping the calamities +of war or national degradation. As to myself, it is my anxious desire so to +execute the trust reposed in me as to render the people of the United +States prosperous and happy. I rely with entire confidence on your +cooperation in objects equally your care, and that our mutual labors will +serve to increase and confirm union among our fellow citizens and an +unshaken attachment to our Government. +</p> + +<p><br /><br /></p> + +<p class="t3"> +*** +</p> + +<p><a id="nov1800"></a></p> + +<p class="noindent"> +State of the Union Address<br /> +John Adams<br /> +November 11, 1800<br /> +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +Immediately after the adjournment of Congress at their last session in +Philadelphia I gave directions, in compliance with the laws, for the +removal of the public offices, records, and property. These directions have +been executed, and the public officers have since resided and conducted the +ordinary business of the Government in this place. +</p> + +<p> +I congratulate the people of the United States on the assembling of +Congress at the permanent seat of their Government, and I congratulate you, +gentlemen, on the prospect of a residence not to be changed. Although there +is cause to apprehend that accommodations are not now so complete as might +be wished, yet there is great reason to believe that this inconvenience +will cease with the present session. +</p> + +<p> +It would be unbecoming the representatives of this nation to assemble for +the first time in this solemn temple without looking up to the Supreme +Ruler of the Universe and imploring His blessing. +</p> + +<p> +May this territory be the residence of virtue and happiness! In this city +may that piety and virtue, that wisdom and magnanimity, that constancy and +self-government, which adorned the great character whose name it bears be +forever held in veneration! Here and throughout our country may simple +manners, pure morals, and true religion flourish forever! +</p> + +<p> +It is with you, gentlemen, to consider whether the local powers over the +District of Columbia vested by the Constitution in the Congress of the +United States shall be immediately exercised. If in your opinion this +important trust ought now to be executed, you can not fail while performing +it to take into view the future probable situation of the territory for the +happiness of which you are about to provide. You will consider it as the +capital of a great nation advancing with unexampled rapidity in arts, in +commerce, in wealth, and in population, and possessing within itself those +energies and resources which, if not thrown away or lamentably misdirected, +will secure to it a long course of prosperity and self-government. +</p> + +<p> +In compliance with a law of the last session of Congress, the officers and +soldiers of the temporary army have been discharged. It affords real +pleasure to recollect the honorable testimony they gave of the patriotic +motives which brought them into the service of their country, by the +readiness and regularity with which they returned to the station of private +citizens. +</p> + +<p> +It is in every point of view of such primary importance to carry the laws +into prompt and faithful execution, and to render that part of the +administration of justice which the Constitution and laws devolve on the +Federal courts as convenient to the people as may consist with their +present circumstances, that I can not omit once more to recommend to your +serious consideration the judiciary system of the United States. No subject +is more interesting than this to the public happiness, and to none can +those improvements which may have been suggested by experience be more +beneficially applied. +</p> + +<p> +A treaty of amity and commerce with the King of Prussia has been concluded +and ratified. The ratifications have been exchanged, and I have directed +the treaty to be promulgated by proclamation. +</p> + +<p> +The difficulties which suspended the execution of the 6th article of our +treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation with Great Britain have not yet +been removed. The negotiation on this subject is still depending. As it +must be for the interest and honor of both nations to adjust this +difference with good faith, I indulge confidently the expectation that the +sincere endeavors of the Government of the United States to bring it to an +amicable termination will not be disappointed. +</p> + +<p> +The envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary from the United +States to France were received by the First Consul with the respect due to +their character, and 3 persons with equal powers were appointed to treat +with them. Although at the date of the last official intelligence the +negotiation had not terminated, yet it is to be hoped that our efforts to +effect an accommodation will at length meet with a success proportioned to +the sincerity with which they have been so often repeated. +</p> + +<p> +While our best endeavors for the preservation of harmony with all nations +will continue to be used, the experience of the world and our own +experience admonish us of the insecurity of trusting too confidently to +their success. We can not, without committing a dangerous imprudence, +abandon those measures of self protection which are adapted to our +situation and to which, notwithstanding our pacific policy, the violence +and injustice of others may again compel us to resort. While our vast +extent of sea coast, the commercial and agriculture habits of our people, +the great capital they will continue to trust on the ocean, suggest the +system of defense which will be most beneficial to ourselves, our distance +from Europe and our resources for maritime strength will enable us to +employ it with effect. Seasonable and systematic arrangements, so far as +our resources will justify, for a navy adapted to defensive war, and which +may in case of necessity be quickly brought into use, seem to be as much +recommended by a wise and true economy as by a just regard for our future +tranquillity, for the safety of our shores, and for the protection of our +property committed to the ocean. +</p> + +<p> +The present Navy of the United States, called suddenly into existence by a +great national exigency, has raised us in our own esteem, and by the +protection afforded to our commerce has effected to the extent of our +expectations the objects for which it was created. +</p> + +<p> +In connection with a navy ought to be contemplated the fortification of +some of our principal sea ports and harbors. A variety of considerations, +which will readily suggest themselves, urge an attention to this measure of +precaution. To give security to our principal ports considerable sums have +already been expended, but the works remain incomplete. It is for Congress +to determine whether additional appropriations shall be made in order to +render competent to the intended purposes the fortifications which have +been commenced. +</p> + +<p> +The manufacture of arms within the United States still invites the +attention of the National Legislature. At a considerable expense to the +public this manufacture has been brought to such a state of maturity as, +with continued encouragement, will supersede the necessity of future +importations from foreign countries. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +I shall direct the estimates of the appropriations necessary for the +ensuing year, together with an account of the public revenue and +expenditure to a late period, to be laid before you. I observe with much +satisfaction that the product of the revenue during the present year has +been more considerable than during any former equal period. This result +affords conclusive evidence of the great resources of this country and of +the wisdom and efficiency of the measures which have been adopted by +Congress for the protection of commerce and preservation of public credit. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: +</p> + +<p> +As one of the grand community of nations, our attention is irresistibly +drawn to the important scenes which surround us. If they have exhibited an +uncommon portion of calamity, it is the province of humanity to deplore and +of wisdom to avoid the causes which may have produced it. If, turning our +eyes homeward, we find reason to rejoice at the prospect which presents +itself; if we perceive the interior of our country prosperous, free, and +happy; if all enjoy in safety, under the protection of laws emanating only +from the general will, the fruits of their own labor, we ought to fortify +and cling to those institutions which have been the source of such real +felicity and resist with unabating perseverance the progress of those +dangerous innovations which may diminish their influence. +</p> + +<p> +To your patriotism, gentlemen, has been confided the honorable duty of +guarding the public interests; and while the past is to your country a sure +pledge that it will be faithfully discharged, permit me to assure you that +your labors to promote the general happiness will receive from me the most +zealous cooperation. +</p> + +<p><br /><br /><br /><br /></p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of State of the Union Addresses of John +Adams, by John Adams + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESSES *** + +***** This file should be named 5011-h.htm or 5011-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/1/5011/ + +Produced by James Linden. HTML version by Al Haines. +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part +of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm +concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, +and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive +specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this +eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook +for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, +performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given +away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks +not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the +trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. + +START: FULL LICENSE + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full +Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at +www.gutenberg.org/license. + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or +destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your +possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a +Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound +by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the +person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph +1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this +agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the +Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection +of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual +works in the collection are in the public domain in the United +States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the +United States and you are located in the United States, we do not +claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, +displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as +all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope +that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting +free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm +works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the +Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily +comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the +same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when +you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are +in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, +check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this +agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, +distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any +other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no +representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any +country outside the United States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other +immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear +prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work +on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, +performed, viewed, copied or distributed: + + This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and + most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no + restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it + under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this + eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the + United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you + are located before using this ebook. + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is +derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not +contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the +copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in +the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are +redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply +either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or +obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any +additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms +will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works +posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the +beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including +any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access +to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format +other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official +version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site +(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense +to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means +of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain +Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the +full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +provided that + +* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed + to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has + agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid + within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are + legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty + payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in + Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg + Literary Archive Foundation." + +* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all + copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue + all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm + works. + +* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of + any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of + receipt of the work. + +* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than +are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing +from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The +Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project +Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may +contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate +or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other +intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or +other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or +cannot be read by your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium +with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you +with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in +lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person +or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second +opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If +the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing +without further opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO +OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT +LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of +damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement +violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the +agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or +limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or +unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the +remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in +accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the +production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, +including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of +the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this +or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or +additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any +Defect you cause. + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of +computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It +exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations +from people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future +generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see +Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at +www.gutenberg.org + + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by +U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the +mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its +volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous +locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt +Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to +date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and +official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact + +For additional contact information: + + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND +DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular +state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To +donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project +Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be +freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and +distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of +volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in +the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not +necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper +edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search +facility: www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + + +</pre> + +</body> + +</html> + diff --git a/5011.txt b/5011.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3557360 --- /dev/null +++ b/5011.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1157 @@ +Project Gutenberg's State of the Union Addresses of John Adams, by John Adams + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most +other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of +the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have +to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. + +Title: State of the Union Addresses of John Adams + +Author: John Adams + +Posting Date: November 21, 2014 [EBook #5011] +Release Date: February, 2004 +First Posted: April 11, 2002 +Last Updated: December 16, 2004 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESSES *** + + + + +Produced by James Linden. HTML version by Al Haines. + + + + + + + + +The addresses are separated by three asterisks: *** + +Dates of addresses by John Adams in this eBook: + + November 22, 1797 + December 8, 1798 + December 3, 1799 + November 11, 1800 + + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +November 22, 1797 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I was for some time apprehensive that it would be necessary, on account of +the contagious sickness which afflicted the city of Philadelphia, to +convene the National Legislature at some other place. This measure it was +desirable to avoid, because it would occasion much public inconvenience and +a considerable public expense and add to the calamities of the inhabitants +of this city, whose sufferings must have excited the sympathy of all their +fellow citizens. Therefore, after taking measures to ascertain the state +and decline of the sickness, I postponed my determination, having hopes, +now happily realized, that, without hazard to the lives or health of the +members, Congress might assemble at this place, where it was next by law to +meet. I submit, however, to your consideration whether a power to postpone +the meeting of Congress, without passing the time fixed by the Constitution +upon such occasions, would not be a useful amendment to the law of 1794. + +Although I can not yet congratulate you on the reestablishment of peace in +Europe and the restoration of security to the persons and properties of our +citizens from injustice and violence at sea, we have, nevertheless, +abundant cause of gratitude to the source of benevolence and influence for +interior tranquillity and personal security, for propitious seasons, +prosperous agriculture, productive fisheries, and general improvements, +and, above all, for a rational spirit of civil and religious liberty and a +calm but steady determination to support our sovereignty, as well as our +moral and our religious principles, against all open and secret attacks. + +Our envoys extraordinary to the French Republic embarked--one in July, the +other in August--to join their colleague in Holland. I have received +intelligence of the arrival of both of them in Holland, from whence they +all proceeded on their journeys to Paris within a few days of the 19th of +September. Whatever may be the result of this mission, I trust that nothing +will have been omitted on my part to conduct the negotiation to a +successful conclusion, on such equitable terms as may be compatible with +the safety, honor and interest of the United States. Nothing, in the mean +time, will contribute so much to the preservation of peace and the +attainment of justice as manifestation of that energy and unanimity of +which on many former occasions the people of the United States have given +such memorable proofs, and the exertion of those resources for national +defense which a beneficent Providence has kindly placed within their +power. + +It may be confidently asserted that nothing has occurred since the +adjournment of Congress which renders inexpedient those precautionary +measures recommended by me to the consideration of the two Houses at the +opening of your late extraordinary session. If that system was then +prudent, it is more so now, as increasing depredations strengthen the +reasons for its adoption. + +Indeed, whatever may be the issue of the negotiation with France, and +whether the war in Europe is or is not to continue, I hold it most certain +that permanent tranquillity and order will not soon be obtained. The state +of society has so long been disturbed, the sense of moral and religious +obligations so much weakened, public faith and national honor have been so +impaired, respect to treaties has been so diminished, and the law of +nations has lost so much of its force, while pride, ambition, avarice and +violence have been so long unrestrained, there remains no reasonable ground +on which to raise an expectation that a commerce without protection or +defense will not be plundered. + +The commerce of the United States is essential, if not to their existence, +at least to their comfort, their growth, prosperity, and happiness. The +genius, character, and habits of the people are highly commercial. Their +cities have been formed and exist upon commerce. Our agriculture, +fisheries, arts, and manufactures are connected with and depend upon it. In +short, commerce has made this country what it is, and it can not be +destroyed or neglected without involving the people in poverty and +distress. Great numbers are directly and solely supported by navigation. +The faith of society is pledged for the preservation of the rights of +commercial and sea faring no less than of the other citizens. Under this +view of our affairs, I should hold myself guilty of a neglect of duty if I +forbore to recommend that we should make every exertion to protect our +commerce and to place our country in a suitable posture of defense as the +only sure means of preserving both. + +I have entertained an expectation that it would have been in my power at +the opening of this session to have communicated to you the agreeable +information of the due execution of our treaty with His Catholic Majesty +respecting the withdrawing of his troops from our territory and the +demarcation of the line of limits, but by the latest authentic intelligence +Spanish garrisons were still continued within our country, and the running +of the boundary line had not been commenced. These circumstances are the +more to be regretted as they can not fail to affect the Indians in a manner +injurious to the United States. Still, however, indulging the hope that the +answers which have been given will remove the objections offered by the +Spanish officers to the immediate execution of the treaty, I have judged it +proper that we should continue in readiness to receive the posts and to run +the line of limits. Further information on this subject will be +communicated in the course of the session. + +In connection with this unpleasant state of things on our western frontier +it is proper for me to mention the attempts of foreign agents to alienate +the affections of the Indian nations and to excite them to actual +hostilities against the United States. Great activity has been exerted by +those persons who have insinuated themselves among the Indian tribes +residing within the territory of the United States to influence them to +transfer their affections and force to a foreign nation, to form them into +a confederacy, and prepare them for war against the United States. Although +measures have been taken to counteract these infractions of our rights, to +prevent Indian hostilities, and to preserve entire their attachment to the +United States, it is my duty to observe that to give a better effect to +these measures and to obviate the consequences of a repetition of such +practices a law providing adequate punishment for such offenses may be +necessary. + +The commissioners appointed under the 5th article of the treaty of amity, +commerce, and navigation between the United States and Great Britain to +ascertain the river which was truly intended under the name of the river +St. Croix mentioned in the treaty of peace, met at Passamaquoddy Bay in +1796 October, and viewed the mouths of the rivers in question and the +adjacent shores and islands, and, being of opinion that actual surveys of +both rivers to their sources were necessary, gave to the agents of the two +nations instructions for that purpose, and adjourned to meet at Boston in +August. They met, but the surveys requiring more time than had been +supposed, and not being then completed, the commissioners again adjourned, +to meet at Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, in June next, when we +may expect a final examination and decision. + +The commissioners appointed in pursuance of the 6th article of the treaty +met at Philadelphia in May last to examine the claims of British subjects +for debts contracted before the peace and still remaining due to them from +citizens or inhabitants of the United States. Various causes have hitherto +prevented any determinations, but the business is now resumed, and +doubtless will be prosecuted without interruption. + +Several decisions on the claims of citizens of the United States for losses +and damages sustained by reason of irregular and illegal captures or +condemnations of their vessels or other property have been made by the +commissioners in London conformably to the 7th article of the treaty. The +sums awarded by the commissioners have been paid by the British Government. +A considerable number of other claims, where costs and damages, and not +captured property, were the only objects in question, have been decided by +arbitration, and the sums awarded to the citizens of the United States have +also been paid. + +The commissioners appointed agreeably to the 21st article of our treaty +with Spain met at Philadelphia in the summer past to examine and decide on +the claims of our citizens for losses they have sustained in consequence of +their vessels and cargoes having been taken by the subjects of His Catholic +Majesty during the late war between Spain and France. Their sittings have +been interrupted, but are now resumed. + +The United States being obligated to make compensation for the losses and +damages sustained by British subjects, upon the award of the commissioners +acting under the 6th article of the treaty with Great Britain, and for the +losses and damages sustained by British subjects by reason of the capture +of their vessels and merchandise taken within the limits and jurisdiction +of the United States and brought into their ports, or taken by vessels +originally armed in ports of the United States, upon the awards of the +commissioners acting under the 7th article of the same treaty, it is +necessary that provision be made for fulfilling these obligations. + +The numerous captures of American vessels by the cruisers of the French +Republic and of some by those of Spain have occasioned considerable +expenses in making and supporting the claims of our citizens before their +tribunals. The sums required for this purpose have in divers instances been +disbursed by the consuls of the United States. By means of the same +captures great numbers of our sea men have been thrown ashore in foreign +countries, destitute of all means of subsistence, and the sick in +particular have been exposed to grievous sufferings. The consuls have in +these cases also advanced moneys for their relief. For these advances they +reasonably expect reimbursements from the United States. + +The consular act relative to sea men requires revision and amendment. The +provisions for their support in foreign countries and for their return are +found to be inadequate and ineffectual. Another provision seems necessary +to be added to the consular act. Some foreign vessels have been discovered +sailing under the flag of the United States and with forged papers. It +seldom happens that the consuls can detect this deception, because they +have no authority to demand an inspection of the registers and sea +letters. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +It is my duty to recommend to your serious consideration those objects +which by the Constitution are placed particularly within your sphere--the +national debts and taxes. + +Since the decay of the feudal system, by which the public defense was +provided for chiefly at the expense of individuals, the system of loans has +been introduced, and as no nation can raise within the year by taxes +sufficient sums for its defense and military operations in time of war the +sums loaned and debts contracted have necessarily become the subjects of +what have been called funding systems. The consequences arising from the +continual accumulation of public debts in other countries ought to admonish +us to be careful to prevent their growth in our own. The national defense +must be provided for as well as the support of Government; but both should +be accomplished as much as possible by immediate taxes, and as little as +possible by loans. + +The estimates for the service of the ensuing year will by my direction be +laid before you. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +We are met together at a most interesting period. The situations of the +principal powers of Europe are singular and portentous. Connected with some +by treaties and with all by commerce, no important event there can be +indifferent to us. Such circumstances call with peculiar importunity not +less for a disposition to unite in all those measures on which the honor, +safety, and prosperity of our country depend than for all the exertions of +wisdom and firmness. + +In all such measures you may rely on my zealous and hearty concurrence. + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +December 8, 1798 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +While with reverence and resignation we contemplate the dispensations of +Divine Providence in the alarming and destructive pestilence with which +several of our cities and towns have been visited, there is cause for +gratitude and mutual congratulations that the malady has disappeared and +that we are again permitted to assemble in safety at the seat of Government +for the discharge of our important duties. But when we reflect that this +fatal disorder has within a few years made repeated ravages in some of our +principal sea ports, and with increased malignancy, and when we consider +the magnitude of the evils arising from the interruption of public and +private business, whereby the national interests are deeply affected, I +think it my duty to invite the Legislature of the Union to examine the +expediency of establishing suitable regulations in aid of the health laws +of the respective States; for these being formed on the idea that +contagious sickness may be communicated through the channels of commerce, +there seems to be a necessity that Congress, who alone can regulate trade, +should frame a system which, while it may tend to preserve the general +health, may be compatible with the interests of commerce and the safety of +the revenue. + +While we think on this calamity and sympathize with the immediate +sufferers, we have abundant reason to present to the Supreme Being our +annual oblations of gratitude for a liberal participation in the ordinary +blessings of His providence. To the usual subjects of gratitude I can not +omit to add one of the first importance to our well being and safety; I mean +that spirit which has arisen in our country against the menaces and +aggression of a foreign nation. A manly sense of national honor, dignity, +and independence has appeared which, if encouraged and invigorated by every +branch of the Government, will enable us to view undismayed the enterprises +of any foreign power and become the sure foundation of national prosperity +and glory. + +The course of the transactions in relation to the United States and France +which have come to my knowledge during your recess will be made the subject +of a future communication. That communication will confirm the ultimate +failure of the measures which have been taken by the Government of the +United States toward an amicable adjustment of differences with that power. +You will at the same time perceive that the French Government appears +solicitous to impress the opinion that it is averse to a rupture with this +country, and that it has in a qualified manner declared itself willing to +receive a minister from the United States for the purpose of restoring a +good understanding. It is unfortunate for professions of this kind that +they should be expressed in terms which may countenance the inadmissible +pretension of a right to prescribe the qualifications which a minister from +the United States should possess, and that while France is asserting the +existence of a disposition on her part to conciliate with sincerity the +differences which have arisen, the sincerity of a like disposition on the +part of the United States, of which so many demonstrative proofs have been +given, should even be indirectly questioned. + +It is also worthy of observation that the decree of the Directory alleged +to be intended to restrain the depredations of French cruisers on our +commerce has not given, and can not give, any relief. It enjoins them to +conform to all the laws of France relative to cruising and prizes, while +these laws are themselves the sources of the depredations of which we have +so long, so justly, and so fruitlessly complained. + +The law of France enacted in January last, which subjects to capture and +condemnation neutral vessels and their cargoes if any portion of the latter +are of British fabric or produce, although the entire property belong to +neutrals, instead of being rescinded has lately received a confirmation by +the failure of a proposition for its repeal. While this law, which is an +unequivocal act of war on the commerce of the nations it attacks, continues +in force those nations can see in the French Government only a power +regardless of their essential rights, of their independence and +sovereignty; and if they possess the means they can reconcile nothing with +their interest and honor but a firm resistance. + +Hitherto, therefore, nothing is discoverable in the conduct of France which +ought to change or relax our measures of defense. On the contrary, to +extend and invigorate them is our true policy. We have no reason to regret +that these measures have been thus far adopted and pursued, and in +proportion as we enlarge our view of the portentous and incalculable +situation of Europe we shall discover new and cogent motives for the full +development of our energies and resources. + +But in demonstrating by our conduct that we do not fear war in the +necessary protection of our rights and honor we shall give no room to infer +that we abandon the desire of peace. An efficient preparation for war can +alone insure peace. It is peace that we have uniformly and perseveringly +cultivated, and harmony between us and France may be restored at her +option. But to send another minister without more determinate assurances +that he would be received would be an act of humiliation to which the +United States ought not to submit. It must therefore be left with France +(if she is indeed desirous of accommodation) to take the requisite steps. + +The United States will steadily observe the maxims by which they have +hitherto been governed. They will respect the sacred rights of embassy; and +with a sincere disposition on the part of France to desist from hostility, +to make reparation for the injuries heretofore inflicted on our commerce, +and to do justice in future, there will be no obstacle to the restoration +of a friendly intercourse. + +In making to you this declaration I give a pledge to France and the world +that the Executive authority of this country still adheres to the humane +and pacific policy which has invariably governed its proceedings, in +conformity with the wishes of the other branches of the Government and of +the people of the United States. But considering the late manifestations of +her policy toward foreign nations, I deem it a duty deliberately and +solemnly to declare my opinion that whether we negotiate with her or not, +vigorous preparations for war will be alike indispensable. These alone will +give to us an equal treaty and insure its observance. + +Among the measures of preparation which appear expedient, I take the +liberty to recall your attention to the naval establishment. The beneficial +effects of the small naval armament provided under the acts of the last +session are known and acknowledged. Perhaps no country ever experienced +more sudden and remarkable advantages from any measure of policy than we +have derived from the arming for our maritime protection and defense. + +We ought without loss of time to lay the foundation for an increase of our +Navy to a size sufficient to guard our coast and protect our trade. Such a +naval force as it is doubtless in the power of the United States to create +and maintain would also afford to them the best means of general defense by +facilitating the safe transportation of troops and stores to every part of +our extensive coast. To accomplish this important object, a prudent +foresight requires that systematic measures be adopted for procuring at all +times the requisite timber and other supplies. In what manner this shall be +done I leave to your consideration. + +I will now advert, gentlemen, to some matters of less moment, but proper to +be communicated to the National Legislature. + +After the Spanish garrisons had evacuated the posts they occupied at the +Natchez and Walnut Hills the commissioner of the United States commences +his observations to ascertain the point near the Mississippi which +terminated the northernmost part of the 31st degree of north latitude. From +thence he proceeded to run the boundary line between the United States and +Spain. He was afterwards joined by the Spanish commissioner, when the work +of the former was confirmed, and they proceeded together to the demarcation +of the line. + +Recent information renders it probable that the Southern Indians, either +instigated to oppose the demarcation or jealous of the consequences of +suffering white people to run a line over lands to which the Indian title +had not been extinguished, have ere this time stopped the progress of the +commissioners; and considering the mischiefs which may result from +continuing the demarcation in opposition to the will of the Indian tribes, +the great expense attending it, and that the boundaries which the +commissioners have actually established probably extend at least as far as +the Indian title has been extinguished, it will perhaps become expedient +and necessary to suspend further proceedings by recalling our +commissioner. + +The commissioners appointed in pursuance of the 5th article of the treaty +of amity, commerce, and navigation between the United States and His +Britannic Majesty to determine what river was truly intended under the name +of the river St. Croix mentioned in the treaty of peace, and forming a part +of the boundary therein described, have finally decided that question. On +the 25th of October they made their declaration that a river called +Scoodiac, which falls into Passamaquoddy Bay at its northwestern quarter, +was the true St. Croix intended in the treaty of peace, as far as its great +fork, where one of its streams comes from the westward and the other from +the northward, and that the latter stream is the continuation of the St. +Croix to its source. + +This decision, it is understood, will preclude all contention among the +individual claimants, as it seems that the Scoodiac and its northern branch +bound the grants of land which have been made by the respective adjoining +Governments. + +A subordinate question, however, it has been suggested, still remains to be +determined. Between the mouth of the St. Croix as now settled and what is +usually called the Bay of Fundy lie a number of valuable islands. The +commissioners have not continued the boundary line through any channel of +these islands, and unless the bay of Passamaquoddy be a part of the Bay of +Fundy this further adjustment of boundary will be necessary, but it is +apprehended that this will not be a matter of any difficulty. + +Such progress has been made in the examination and decision of cases of +captures and condemnations of American vessels which were the subject of +the 7th article of the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation between +the United States and Great Britain that it is supposed the commissioners +will be able to bring their business to a conclusion in August of the +ensuing year. + +The commissioners acting under the 25th article of the treaty between the +United States and Spain have adjusted most of the claims of our citizens +for losses sustained in consequence of their vessels and cargoes having +been taken by the subjects of His Catholic Majesty during the late war +between France and Spain. + +Various circumstances have concurred to delay the execution of the law for +augmenting the military establishment, among these the desire of obtaining +the fullest information to direct the best selection of officers. As this +object will now be speedily accomplished, it is expected that the raising +and organizing of the troops will proceed without obstacle and with +effect. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I have directed an estimate of the appropriations which will be necessary +for the service of the ensuing year to be laid before you, accompanied with +a view of the public receipts and expenditures to a recent period. + +It will afford you satisfaction to infer the great extent and solidity of +the public resources from the prosperous state of the finances, +notwithstanding the unexampled embarrassments which have attended commerce. +When you reflect on the conspicuous examples of patriotism and liberality +which have been exhibited by our mercantile fellow citizens, and how great +a proportion of the public resources depends on their enterprise, you will +naturally consider whether their convenience can not be promoted and +reconciled with the security of the revenue by a revision of the system by +which the collection is at present regulated. + +During your recess measures have been steadily pursued for effecting the +valuations and returns directed by the act of the last session, preliminary +to the assessment and collection of a direct tax. No other delays or +obstacles have been experienced except such as were expected to arise from +the great extent of our country and the magnitude and novelty of the +operation, and enough has been accomplished to assure a fulfillment of the +views of the Legislature. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I can not close this address without once more adverting to our political +situation and inculcating the essential importance of uniting in the +maintenance of our dearest interests; and I trust that by the temper and +wisdom of your proceedings and by a harmony of measures we shall secure to +our country that weight and respect to which it is so justly entitled. + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +December 3, 1799 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +It is with peculiar satisfaction that I meet the 6th Congress of the United +States of America. Coming from all parts of the Union at this critical and +interesting period, the members must be fully possessed of the sentiments +and wishes of our constituents. + +The flattering prospects of abundance from the labors of the people by land +and by sea; the prosperity of our extended commerce, notwithstanding +interruptions occasioned by the belligerent state of a great part of the +world; the return of health, industry, and trade to those cities which have +lately been afflicted with disease, and the various and inestimable +advantages, civil and religious, which, secured under our happy frame of +government, are continued to us unimpaired, demand of the whole American +people sincere thanks to a benevolent Deity for the merciful dispensations +of His providence. + +But while these numerous blessings are recollected, it is a painful duty to +advert to the ungrateful return which has been made for them by some of the +people in certain counties of Pennsylvania, where, seduced by the arts and +misrepresentations of designing men, they have openly resisted the law +directing the valuation of houses and lands. Such defiance was given to the +civil authority as rendered hopeless all further attempts by judicial +process to enforce the execution of the law, and it became necessary to +direct a military force to be employed, consisting of some companies of +regular troops, volunteers, and militia, by whose zeal and activity, in +cooperation with the judicial power, order and submission were restored and +many of the offenders arrested. Of these, some have been convicted of +misdemeanors, and others, charged with various crimes, remain to be tried. + +To give due effect to the civil administration of Government and to insure +a just execution of the laws, a revision and amendment of the judiciary +system is indispensably necessary. In this extensive country it can not but +happen that numerous questions respecting the interpretation of the laws +and the rights and duties of officers and citizens must arise. On the one +hand, the laws should be executed; on the other, individuals should be +guarded from oppression. Neither of these objects is sufficiently assured +under the present organization of the judicial department. I therefore +earnestly recommend the subject to your serious consideration. + +Persevering in the pacific and humane policy which had been invariably +professed and sincerely pursued by the Executive authority of the United +States, when indications were made on the part of the French Republic of a +disposition to accommodate the existing differences between the two +countries, I felt it to be my duty to prepare for meeting their advances by +a nomination of ministers upon certain conditions which the honor of our +country dictated, and which its moderation had given it a right to +prescribe. + +The assurances which were required of the French Government previous to the +departure of our envoys have been given through their minister of foreign +relations, and I have directed them to proceed on their mission to Paris. +They have full power to conclude a treaty, subject to the constitutional +advice and consent of the Senate. The characters of these gentlemen are +sure pledges to their country that nothing incompatible with its honor or +interest, nothing inconsistent with our obligations of good faith or +friendship to any other nation, will be stipulated. + +It appearing probable from the information I received that our commercial +intercourse with some ports in the island of St. Domingo might safely be +renewed, I took such steps as seemed to me expedient to ascertain that +point. The result being satisfactory, I then, in conformity with the act of +Congress on the subject, directed the restraints and prohibitions of that +intercourse to be discontinued on terms which were made known by +proclamation. Since the renewal of this intercourse our citizens trading to +those ports, with their property, have been duly respected, and +privateering from those ports has ceased. + +In examining the claims of British subjects by the commissioners at +Philadelphia, acting under the 6th article of the treaty of amity, +commerce, and navigation with Great Britain, a difference of opinion on +points deemed essential in the interpretation of that article has arisen +between the commissioners appointed by the United States and the other +members of that board, from which the former have thought it their duty to +withdraw. It is sincerely to be regretted that the execution of an article +produced by a mutual spirit of amity and justice should have been thus +unavoidably interrupted. It is, however, confidently expected that the same +spirit of amity and the same sense of justice in which it originated will +lead to satisfactory explanations. + +In consequence of the obstacles to the progress of the commission in +Philadelphia, His Britannic Majesty has directed the commissioners +appointed by him under the 7th article of the treaty relating to the +British captures of American vessels to withdraw from the board sitting in +London, but with the express declaration of his determination to fulfill +with punctuality and good faith the engagements which His Majesty has +contracted by his treaty with the United States, and that they will be +instructed to resume their functions whenever the obstacles which impede +the progress of the commission at Philadelphia shall be removed. It being +in like manner my sincere determination, so far as the same depends on me, +that with equal punctuality and good faith the engagements contracted by +the United States in their treaties with His Britannic Majesty shall be +fulfilled, I shall immediately instruct our minister at London to endeavor +to obtain the explanation necessary to a just performance of those +engagements on the part of the United States. With such dispositions on +both sides, I can not entertain a doubt that all difficulties will soon be +removed and that the two boards will then proceed and bring the business +committed to them respectively to a satisfactory conclusion. + +The act of Congress relative to the seat of the Government of the United +States requiring that on the 1st Monday of December next it should be +transferred from Philadelphia to the District chosen for its permanent +seat, it is proper for me to inform you that the commissioners appointed to +provide suitable buildings for the accommodation of Congress and of the +President and of the public offices of the Government have made a report of +the state of the buildings designed for those purposes in the city of +Washington, from which they conclude that the removal of the seat of +Government to that place at the time required will be practicable and the +accommodation satisfactory. Their report will be laid before you. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I shall direct the estimates of the appropriations necessary for the +service of the ensuing year, together with an account of the revenue and +expenditure, to be laid before you. During a period in which a great +portion of the civilized world has been involved in a war unusually +calamitous and destructive, it was not to be expected that the United +States could be exempted from extraordinary burthens. Although the period +is not arrived when the measures adopted to secure our country against +foreign attacks can be renounced, yet it is alike necessary for the honor +of the Government and the satisfaction of the community that an exact +economy should be maintained. I invite you, gentlemen, to investigate the +different branches of the public expenditure. The examination will lead to +beneficial retrenchments or produce a conviction of the wisdom of the +measures to which the expenditure relates. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +At a period like the present, when momentous changes are occurring and +every hour is preparing new and great events in the political world, when a +spirit of war is prevalent in almost every nation with whose affairs the +interests of the United States have any connection, unsafe and precarious +would be our situation were we to neglect the means of maintaining our just +rights. The result of the mission to France is uncertain; but however it +may terminate, a steady perseverance in a system of national defense +commensurate with our resources and the situation of our country is an +obvious dictate of wisdom; for, remotely as we are placed from the +belligerent nations, and desirous as we are, by doing justice to all, to +avoid offense to any, nothing short of the power of repelling aggressions +will secure to our country a rational prospect of escaping the calamities +of war or national degradation. As to myself, it is my anxious desire so to +execute the trust reposed in me as to render the people of the United +States prosperous and happy. I rely with entire confidence on your +cooperation in objects equally your care, and that our mutual labors will +serve to increase and confirm union among our fellow citizens and an +unshaken attachment to our Government. + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +November 11, 1800 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +Immediately after the adjournment of Congress at their last session in +Philadelphia I gave directions, in compliance with the laws, for the +removal of the public offices, records, and property. These directions have +been executed, and the public officers have since resided and conducted the +ordinary business of the Government in this place. + +I congratulate the people of the United States on the assembling of +Congress at the permanent seat of their Government, and I congratulate you, +gentlemen, on the prospect of a residence not to be changed. Although there +is cause to apprehend that accommodations are not now so complete as might +be wished, yet there is great reason to believe that this inconvenience +will cease with the present session. + +It would be unbecoming the representatives of this nation to assemble for +the first time in this solemn temple without looking up to the Supreme +Ruler of the Universe and imploring His blessing. + +May this territory be the residence of virtue and happiness! In this city +may that piety and virtue, that wisdom and magnanimity, that constancy and +self-government, which adorned the great character whose name it bears be +forever held in veneration! Here and throughout our country may simple +manners, pure morals, and true religion flourish forever! + +It is with you, gentlemen, to consider whether the local powers over the +District of Columbia vested by the Constitution in the Congress of the +United States shall be immediately exercised. If in your opinion this +important trust ought now to be executed, you can not fail while performing +it to take into view the future probable situation of the territory for the +happiness of which you are about to provide. You will consider it as the +capital of a great nation advancing with unexampled rapidity in arts, in +commerce, in wealth, and in population, and possessing within itself those +energies and resources which, if not thrown away or lamentably misdirected, +will secure to it a long course of prosperity and self-government. + +In compliance with a law of the last session of Congress, the officers and +soldiers of the temporary army have been discharged. It affords real +pleasure to recollect the honorable testimony they gave of the patriotic +motives which brought them into the service of their country, by the +readiness and regularity with which they returned to the station of private +citizens. + +It is in every point of view of such primary importance to carry the laws +into prompt and faithful execution, and to render that part of the +administration of justice which the Constitution and laws devolve on the +Federal courts as convenient to the people as may consist with their +present circumstances, that I can not omit once more to recommend to your +serious consideration the judiciary system of the United States. No subject +is more interesting than this to the public happiness, and to none can +those improvements which may have been suggested by experience be more +beneficially applied. + +A treaty of amity and commerce with the King of Prussia has been concluded +and ratified. The ratifications have been exchanged, and I have directed +the treaty to be promulgated by proclamation. + +The difficulties which suspended the execution of the 6th article of our +treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation with Great Britain have not yet +been removed. The negotiation on this subject is still depending. As it +must be for the interest and honor of both nations to adjust this +difference with good faith, I indulge confidently the expectation that the +sincere endeavors of the Government of the United States to bring it to an +amicable termination will not be disappointed. + +The envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary from the United +States to France were received by the First Consul with the respect due to +their character, and 3 persons with equal powers were appointed to treat +with them. Although at the date of the last official intelligence the +negotiation had not terminated, yet it is to be hoped that our efforts to +effect an accommodation will at length meet with a success proportioned to +the sincerity with which they have been so often repeated. + +While our best endeavors for the preservation of harmony with all nations +will continue to be used, the experience of the world and our own +experience admonish us of the insecurity of trusting too confidently to +their success. We can not, without committing a dangerous imprudence, +abandon those measures of self protection which are adapted to our +situation and to which, notwithstanding our pacific policy, the violence +and injustice of others may again compel us to resort. While our vast +extent of sea coast, the commercial and agriculture habits of our people, +the great capital they will continue to trust on the ocean, suggest the +system of defense which will be most beneficial to ourselves, our distance +from Europe and our resources for maritime strength will enable us to +employ it with effect. Seasonable and systematic arrangements, so far as +our resources will justify, for a navy adapted to defensive war, and which +may in case of necessity be quickly brought into use, seem to be as much +recommended by a wise and true economy as by a just regard for our future +tranquillity, for the safety of our shores, and for the protection of our +property committed to the ocean. + +The present Navy of the United States, called suddenly into existence by a +great national exigency, has raised us in our own esteem, and by the +protection afforded to our commerce has effected to the extent of our +expectations the objects for which it was created. + +In connection with a navy ought to be contemplated the fortification of +some of our principal sea ports and harbors. A variety of considerations, +which will readily suggest themselves, urge an attention to this measure of +precaution. To give security to our principal ports considerable sums have +already been expended, but the works remain incomplete. It is for Congress +to determine whether additional appropriations shall be made in order to +render competent to the intended purposes the fortifications which have +been commenced. + +The manufacture of arms within the United States still invites the +attention of the National Legislature. At a considerable expense to the +public this manufacture has been brought to such a state of maturity as, +with continued encouragement, will supersede the necessity of future +importations from foreign countries. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I shall direct the estimates of the appropriations necessary for the +ensuing year, together with an account of the public revenue and +expenditure to a late period, to be laid before you. I observe with much +satisfaction that the product of the revenue during the present year has +been more considerable than during any former equal period. This result +affords conclusive evidence of the great resources of this country and of +the wisdom and efficiency of the measures which have been adopted by +Congress for the protection of commerce and preservation of public credit. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +As one of the grand community of nations, our attention is irresistibly +drawn to the important scenes which surround us. If they have exhibited an +uncommon portion of calamity, it is the province of humanity to deplore and +of wisdom to avoid the causes which may have produced it. If, turning our +eyes homeward, we find reason to rejoice at the prospect which presents +itself; if we perceive the interior of our country prosperous, free, and +happy; if all enjoy in safety, under the protection of laws emanating only +from the general will, the fruits of their own labor, we ought to fortify +and cling to those institutions which have been the source of such real +felicity and resist with unabating perseverance the progress of those +dangerous innovations which may diminish their influence. + +To your patriotism, gentlemen, has been confided the honorable duty of +guarding the public interests; and while the past is to your country a sure +pledge that it will be faithfully discharged, permit me to assure you that +your labors to promote the general happiness will receive from me the most +zealous cooperation. + + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of State of the Union Addresses of John +Adams, by John Adams + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESSES *** + +***** This file should be named 5011.txt or 5011.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/1/5011/ + +Produced by James Linden. HTML version by Al Haines. +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part +of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm +concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, +and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive +specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this +eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook +for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, +performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given +away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks +not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the +trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. + +START: FULL LICENSE + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full +Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at +www.gutenberg.org/license. + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or +destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your +possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a +Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound +by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the +person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph +1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this +agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the +Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection +of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual +works in the collection are in the public domain in the United +States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the +United States and you are located in the United States, we do not +claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, +displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as +all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope +that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting +free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm +works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the +Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily +comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the +same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when +you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are +in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, +check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this +agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, +distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any +other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no +representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any +country outside the United States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other +immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear +prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work +on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, +performed, viewed, copied or distributed: + + This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and + most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no + restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it + under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this + eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the + United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you + are located before using this ebook. + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is +derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not +contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the +copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in +the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are +redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply +either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or +obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any +additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms +will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works +posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the +beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including +any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access +to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format +other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official +version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site +(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense +to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means +of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain +Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the +full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +provided that + +* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed + to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has + agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid + within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are + legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty + payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in + Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg + Literary Archive Foundation." + +* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all + copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue + all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm + works. + +* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of + any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of + receipt of the work. + +* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than +are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing +from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The +Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project +Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may +contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate +or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other +intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or +other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or +cannot be read by your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium +with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you +with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in +lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person +or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second +opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If +the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing +without further opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO +OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT +LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of +damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement +violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the +agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or +limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or +unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the +remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in +accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the +production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, +including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of +the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this +or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or +additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any +Defect you cause. + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of +computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It +exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations +from people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future +generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see +Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at +www.gutenberg.org + + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by +U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the +mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its +volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous +locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt +Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to +date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and +official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact + +For additional contact information: + + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND +DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular +state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To +donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project +Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be +freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and +distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of +volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in +the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not +necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper +edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search +facility: www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + diff --git a/5011.zip b/5011.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d73a81 --- /dev/null +++ b/5011.zip diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..faf509e --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #5011 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5011) diff --git a/old/sujad10.txt b/old/sujad10.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..acf99c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/sujad10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1113 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of State of the Union Addresses +by John Adams +(#2 in our series of US Presidential State of the Union Addresses) + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** + + +Title: State of the Union Addresses of John Adams + +Author: John Adams + +Release Date: February, 2004 [EBook #5011] +[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] +[This file was first posted on April 11, 2002] + +Edition: 10 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OF ADDRESSES BY JOHN ADAMS *** + + + + +This eBook was produced by James Linden. + +The addresses are separated by three asterisks: *** + +Dates of addresses by John Adams in this eBook: + November 22, 1797 + December 8, 1798 + December 3, 1799 + November 11, 1800 + + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +November 22, 1797 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I was for some time apprehensive that it would be necessary, on account of +the contagious sickness which afflicted the city of Philadelphia, to +convene the National Legislature at some other place. This measure it was +desirable to avoid, because it would occasion much public inconvenience and +a considerable public expense and add to the calamities of the inhabitants +of this city, whose sufferings must have excited the sympathy of all their +fellow citizens. Therefore, after taking measures to ascertain the state +and decline of the sickness, I postponed my determination, having hopes, +now happily realized, that, without hazard to the lives or health of the +members, Congress might assemble at this place, where it was next by law to +meet. I submit, however, to your consideration whether a power to postpone +the meeting of Congress, without passing the time fixed by the Constitution +upon such occasions, would not be a useful amendment to the law of 1794. + +Although I can not yet congratulate you on the reestablishment of peace in +Europe and the restoration of security to the persons and properties of our +citizens from injustice and violence at sea, we have, nevertheless, +abundant cause of gratitude to the source of benevolence and influence for +interior tranquillity and personal security, for propitious seasons, +prosperous agriculture, productive fisheries, and general improvements, +and, above all, for a rational spirit of civil and religious liberty and a +calm but steady determination to support our sovereignty, as well as our +moral and our religious principles, against all open and secret attacks. + +Our envoys extraordinary to the French Republic embarked - one in July, the +other in August - to join their colleague in Holland. I have received +intelligence of the arrival of both of them in Holland, from whence they +all proceeded on their journeys to Paris within a few days of the 19th of +September. Whatever may be the result of this mission, I trust that nothing +will have been omitted on my part to conduct the negotiation to a +successful conclusion, on such equitable terms as may be compatible with +the safety, honor and interest of the United States. nothing, in the mean +time, will contribute so much to the preservation of peace and the +attainment of justice as manifestation of that energy and unanimity of +which on many former occasions the people of the United States have given +such memorable proofs, and the exertion of those resources for national +defense which a beneficent Providence has kindly placed within their +power. + +It may be confidently asserted that nothing has occurred since the +adjournment of Congress which renders inexpedient those precautionary +measures recommended by me to the consideration of the two Houses at the +opening of your late extraordinary session. If that system was then +prudent, it is more so now, as increasing depredations strengthen the +reasons for its adoption. + +Indeed, whatever may be the issue of the negotiation with France, and +whether the war in Europe is or is not to continue, I hold it most certain +that permanent tranquillity and order will not soon be obtained. The state +of society has so long been disturbed, the sense of moral and religious +obligations so much weakened, public faith and national honor have been so +impaired, respect to treaties has been so diminished, and the law of +nations has lost so much of its force, while pride, ambition, avarice and +violence have been so long unrestrained, there remains no reasonable ground +on which to raise an expectation that a commerce without protection or +defense will not be plundered. + +The commerce of the United States is essential, if not to their existence, +at least to their comfort, their growth, prosperity, and happiness. The +genius, character, and habits of the people are highly commercial. Their +cities have been formed and exist upon commerce. Our agriculture, +fisheries, arts, and manufactures are connected with and depend upon it. In +short, commerce has made this country what it is, and it can not be +destroyed or neglected without involving the people in poverty and +distress. Great numbers are directly and solely supported by navigation. +The faith of society is pledged for the preservation of the rights of +commercial and sea faring no less than of the other citizens. Under this +view of our affairs, I should hold myself guilty of a neglect of duty if I +forbore to recommend that we should make every exertion to protect our +commerce and to place our country in a suitable posture of defense as the +only sure means of preserving both. + +I have entertained an expectation that it would have been in my power at +the opening of this session to have communicated to you the agreeable +information of the due execution of our treaty with His Catholic Majesty +respecting the withdrawing of his troops from our territory and the +demarcation of the line of limits, but by the latest authentic intelligence +Spanish garrisons were still continued within our country, and the running +of the boundary line had not been commenced. These circumstances are the +more to be regretted as they can not fail to affect the Indians in a manner +injurious to the United States. Still, however, indulging the hope that the +answers which have been given will remove the objections offered by the +Spanish officers to the immediate execution of the treaty, I have judged it +proper that we should continue in readiness to receive the posts and to run +the line of limits. Further information on this subject will be +communicated in the course of the session. + +In connection with this unpleasant state of things on our western frontier +it is proper for me to mention the attempts of foreign agents to alienate +the affections of the Indian nations and to excite them to actual +hostilities against the United States. Great activity has been exerted by +those persons who have insinuated themselves among the Indian tribes +residing within the territory of the United States to influence them to +transfer their affections and force to a foreign nation, to form them into +a confederacy, and prepare them for war against the United States. Although +measures have been taken to counteract these infractions of our rights, to +prevent Indian hostilities, and to preserve entire their attachment to the +United States, it is my duty to observe that to give a better effect to +these measures and to obviate the consequences of a repetition of such +practices a law providing adequate punishment for such offenses may be +necessary. + +The commissioners appointed under the 5th article of the treaty of amity, +commerce, and navigation between the United States and Great Britain to +ascertain the river which was truly intended under the name of the river +St. Croix mentioned in the treaty of peace, met at Passamaquoddy Bay in +1796 October, and viewed the mouths of the rivers in question and the +adjacent shores and islands, and, being of opinion that actual surveys of +both rivers to their sources were necessary, gave to the agents of the two +nations instructions for that purpose, and adjourned to meet at Boston in +August. They met, but the surveys requiring more time than had been +supposed, and not being then completed, the commissioners again adjourned, +to meet at Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, in June next, when we +may expect a final examination and decision. + +The commissioners appointed in pursuance of the 6th article of the treaty +met at Philadelphia in May last to examine the claims of British subjects +for debts contracted before the peace and still remaining due to them from +citizens or inhabitants of the United States. Various causes have hitherto +prevented any determinations, but the business is now resumed, and +doubtless will be prosecuted without interruption. + +Several decisions on the claims of citizens of the United States for losses +and damages sustained by reason of irregular and illegal captures or +condemnations of their vessels or other property have been made by the +commissioners in London conformably to the 7th article of the treaty. The +sums awarded by the commissioners have been paid by the British Government. +A considerable number of other claims, where costs and damages, and not +captured property, were the only objects in question, have been decided by +arbitration, and the sums awarded to the citizens of the United States have +also been paid. + +The commissioners appointed agreeably to the 21st article of our treaty +with Spain met at Philadelphia in the summer past to examine and decide on +the claims of our citizens for losses they have sustained in consequence of +their vessels and cargoes having been taken by the subjects of His Catholic +Majesty during the late war between Spain and France. Their sittings have +been interrupted, but are now resumed. + +The United States being obligated to make compensation for the losses and +damages sustained by British subjects, upon the award of the commissioners +acting under the 6th article of the treaty with Great Britain, and for the +losses and damages sustained by British subjects by reason of the capture +of their vessels and merchandise taken within the limits and jurisdiction +of the United States and brought into their ports, or taken by vessels +originally armed in ports of the United States, upon the awards of the +commissioners acting under the 7th article of the same treaty, it is +necessary that provision be made for fulfilling these obligations. + +The numerous captures of American vessels by the cruisers of the French +Republic and of some by those of Spain have occasioned considerable +expenses in making and supporting the claims of our citizens before their +tribunals. The sums required for this purpose have in divers instances been +disbursed by the consuls of the United States. By means of the same +captures great numbers of our sea men have been thrown ashore in foreign +countries, destitute of all means of subsistence, and the sick in +particular have been exposed to grievous sufferings. The consuls have in +these cases also advanced moneys for their relief. For these advances they +reasonably expect reimbursements from the United States. + +The consular act relative to sea men requires revision and amendment. The +provisions for their support in foreign countries and for their return are +found to be inadequate and ineffectual. Another provision seems necessary +to be added to the consular act. Some foreign vessels have been discovered +sailing under the flag of the United States and with forged papers. It +seldom happens that the consuls can detect this deception, because they +have no authority to demand an inspection of the registers and sea +letters. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +It is my duty to recommend to your serious consideration those objects +which by the Constitution are placed particularly within your sphere - the +national debts and taxes. + +Since the decay of the feudal system, by which the public defense was +provided for chiefly at the expense of individuals, the system of loans has +been introduced, and as no nation can raise within the year by taxes +sufficient sums for its defense and military operations in time of war the +sums loaned and debts contracted have necessarily become the subjects of +what have been called funding systems. The consequences arising from the +continual accumulation of public debts in other countries ought to admonish +us to be careful to prevent their growth in our own. The national defense +must be provided for as well as the support of Government; but both should +be accomplished as much as possible by immediate taxes, and as little as +possible by loans. + +The estimates for the service of the ensuing year will by my direction be +laid before you. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +We are met together at a most interesting period. The situation of the +principal powers of Europe are singular and portentous. Connected with some +by treaties and with all by commerce, no important event there can be +indifferent to us. Such circumstances call with peculiar importunity not +less for a disposition to unite in all those measures on which the honor, +safety, and prosperity of our country depend than for all the exertions of +wisdom and firmness. + +In all such measures you may rely on my zealous and hearty concurrence. + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +December 8, 1798 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +While with reverence and resignation we contemplate the dispensations of +Divine Providence in the alarming and destructive pestilence with which +several of our cities and towns have been visited, there is cause for +gratitude and mutual congratulations that the malady has disappeared and +that we are again permitted to assemble in safety at the seat of Government +for the discharge of our important duties. But when we reflect that this +fatal disorder has within a few years made repeated ravages in some of our +principal sea ports, and with increased malignancy, and when we consider +the magnitude of the evils arising from the interruption of public and +private business, whereby the national interests are deeply affected, I +think it my duty to invite the Legislature of the Union to examine the +expediency of establishing suitable regulations in aid of the health laws +of the respective States; for these being formed on the idea that +contagious sickness may be communicated through the channels of commerce, +there seems to be a necessity that Congress, who alone can regulate trade, +should frame a system which, while it may tend to preserve the general +health, may be compatible with the interests of commerce and the safety of +the revenue. + +While we think on this calamity and sympathize with the immediate +sufferers, we have abundant reason to present to the Supreme Being our +annual oblations of gratitude for a liberal participation in the ordinary +blessings of His providence. To the usual subjects of gratitude I can not +omit to add one of the 1st importance to our well being and safety; I mean +that spirit which has arisen in our country against the menaces and +aggression of a foreign nation. A manly sense of national honor, dignity, +and independence has appeared which, if encouraged and invigorated by every +branch of the Government, will enable us to view undismayed the enterprises +of any foreign power and become the sure foundation of national prosperity +and glory. + +The course of the transactions in relation to the United States and France +which have come to my knowledge during your recess will be made the subject +of a future communication. That communication will confirm the ultimate +failure of the measures which have been taken by the Government of the +United States toward an amicable adjustment of differences with that power. +You will at the same time perceive that the French Government appears +solicitous to impress the opinion that it is averse to a rupture with this +country, and that it has in a qualified manner declared itself willing to +receive a minister from the United States for the purpose of restoring a +good understanding. It is unfortunate for professions of this kind that +they should be expressed in terms which may countenance the inadmissible +pretension of a right to prescribe the qualifications which a minister from +the United States should possess, and that while France is asserting the +existence of a disposition on her part to conciliate with sincerity the +differences which have arisen, the sincerity of a like disposition on the +part of the United States, of which so many demonstrative proofs have been +given, should even be indirectly questioned. + +It is also worthy of observation that the decree of the Directory alleged +to be intended to restrain the depredations of French cruisers on our +commerce has not given, and can not give, any relief. It enjoins them to +conform to all the laws of France relative to cruising and prizes, while +these laws are themselves the sources of the depredations of which we have +so long, so justly, and so fruitlessly complained. + +The law of France enacted in January last, which subjects to capture and +condemnation neutral vessels and their cargoes if any portion of the latter +are of British fabric or produce, although the entire property belong to +neutrals, instead of being rescinded has lately received a confirmation by +the failure of a proposition for its repeal. While this law, which is an +unequivocal act of war on the commerce of the nations it attacks, continues +in force those nations can see in the French Government only a power +regardless of their essential rights, of their independence and +sovereignty; and if they possess the means they can reconcile nothing with +their interest and honor but a firm resistance. + +Hitherto, therefore, nothing is discoverable in the conduct of France which +ought to change or relax our measures of defense. On the contrary, to +extend and invigorate them is our true policy. We have no reason to regret +that these measures have been thus far adopted and pursued, and in +proportion as we enlarge our view of the portentous and incalculable +situation of Europe we shall discover new and cogent motives for the full +development of our energies and resources. + +But in demonstrating by our conduct that we do not fear war in the +necessary protection of our rights and honor we shall give no room to infer +that we abandon the desire of peace. An efficient preparation for war can +alone insure peace. It is peace that we have uniformly and perseveringly +cultivated, and harmony between us and France may be restored at her +option. But to send another minister without more determinate assurances +that he would be received would be an act of humiliation to which the +United States ought not to submit. It must therefore be left with France +(if she is indeed desirous of accommodation) to take the requisite steps. + +The United States will steadily observe the maxims by which they have +hitherto been governed. They will respect the sacred rights of embassy; and +with a sincere disposition on the part of France to desist from hostility, +to make reparation for the injuries heretofore inflicted on our commerce, +and to do justice in future, there will be no obstacle to the restoration +of a friendly intercourse. + +In making to you this declaration I give a pledge to France and the world +that the Executive authority of this country still adheres to the humane +and pacific policy which has invariably governed its proceedings, in +conformity with the wishes of the other branches of the Government and of +the people of the United States. But considering the late manifestations of +her policy toward foreign nations, I deem it a duty deliberately and +solemnly to declare my opinion that whether we negotiate with her or not, +vigorous preparations for war will be alike indispensable. These alone will +give to us an equal treaty and insure its observance. + +Among the measures of preparation which appear expedient, I take the +liberty to recall your attention to the naval establishment. The beneficial +effects of the small naval armament provided under the acts of the last +session are known and acknowledged. Perhaps no country ever experienced +more sudden and remarkable advantages from any measure of policy than we +have derived from the arming for our maritime protection and defense. + +We ought without loss of time to lay the foundation for an increase of our +Navy to a size sufficient to guard our coast and protect our trade. Such a +naval force as it is doubtless in the power of the United States to create +and maintain would also afford to them the best means of general defense by +facilitating the safe transportation of troops and stores to every part of +our extensive coast. To accomplish this important object, a prudent +foresight requires that systematic measures be adopted for procuring at all +times the requisite timber and other supplies. In what manner this shall be +done I leave to your consideration. + +I will now advert, gentlemen, to some matters of less moment, but proper to +be communicated to the National Legislature. + +After the Spanish garrisons had evacuated the posts they occupied at the +Natchez and Walnut Hills the commissioner of the United States commences +his observations to ascertain the point near the Mississippi which +terminated the northernmost part of the 31st degree of north latitude. From +thence he proceeded to run the boundary line between the United States and +Spain. He was afterwards joined by the Spanish commissioner, when the work +of the former was confirmed, and they proceeded together to the demarcation +of the line. + +Recent information renders it probably that the Southern Indians, either +instigated to oppose the demarcation or jealous of the consequences of +suffering white people to run a line over lands to which the Indian title +had not been extinguished, have ere this time stopped the progress of the +commissioners; and considering the mischiefs which may result from +continuing the demarcation in opposition to the will of the Indian tribes, +the great expense attending it, and that the boundaries which the +commissioners have actually established probably extend at least as far as +the Indian title has been extinguished, it will perhaps become expedient +and necessary to suspend further proceedings by recalling our +commissioner. + +The commissioners appointed in pursuance of the 5th article of the treaty +of amity, commerce, and navigation between the United States and His +Britannic Majesty to determine what river was truly intended under the name +of the river St. Croix mentioned in the treaty of peace, and forming a part +of the boundary therein described, have finally decided that question. On +the 25th of October they made their declaration that a river called +Scoodiac, which falls into Passamaquoddy Bay at its northwestern quarter, +was the true St. Croix intended in the treaty of peace, as far as its great +fork, where one of its streams comes from the westward and the other from +the northward, and that the latter stream is the continuation of the St. +Croix to its source. + +This decision, it is understood, will preclude all contention among the +individual claimants, as it seems that the Scoodiac and its northern branch +bound the grants of land which have been made by the respective adjoining +Governments. + +A subordinate question, however, it has been suggested, still remains to be +determined. Between the mouth of the St. Croix as now settled and what is +usually called the Bay of Fundy lie a number of valuable islands. The +commissioners have not continued the boundary line through any channel of +these islands, and unless the bay of Passamaquoddy be a part of the Bay of +Fundy this further adjustment of boundary will be necessary, but it is +apprehended that this will not be a matter of any difficulty. + +Such progress has been made in the examination and decision of cases of +captures and condemnations of American vessels which were the subject of +the 7th article of the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation between +the United States and Great Britain that it is supposed the commissioners +will be able to bring their business to a conclusion in August of the +ensuing year. + +The commissioners acting under the 25th article of the treaty between the +United States and Spain have adjusted most of the claims of our citizens +for losses sustained in consequence of their vessels and cargoes having +been taken by the subjects of His Catholic Majesty during the late war +between France and Spain. + +Various circumstances have concurred to delay the execution of the law for +augmenting the military establishment, among these the desire of obtaining +the fullest information to direct the best selection of officers. As this +object will now be speedily accomplished, it is expected that the raising +and organizing of the troops will proceed without obstacle and with +effect. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I have directed an estimate of the appropriations which will be necessary +for the service of the ensuing year to be laid before you, accompanied with +a view of the public receipts and expenditures to a recent period. + +It will afford you satisfaction to infer the great extent and solidity of +the public resources from the prosperous state of the finances, +notwithstanding the unexampled embarrassments which have attended commerce. +When you reflect on the conspicuous examples of patriotism and liberality +which have been exhibited by our mercantile fellow citizens, and how great +a proportion of the public resources depends on their enterprise, you will +naturally consider whether their convenience can not be promoted and +reconciled with the security of the revenue by a revision of the system by +which the collection is at present regulated. + +During your recess measures have been steadily pursued for effecting the +valuations and returns directed by the act of the last session, preliminary +to the assessment and collection of a direct tax. No other delays or +obstacles have been experienced except such as were expected to arise from +the great extent of our country and the magnitude and novelty of the +operation, and enough has been accomplished to assure a fulfillment of the +views of the Legislature. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I can not close this address without once more adverting to our political +situation and inculcating the essential importance of uniting in the +maintenance of our dearest interests; and I trust that by the temper and +wisdom of your proceedings and by a harmony of measures we shall secure to +our country that weight and respect to which it is so justly entitled. + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +December 3, 1799 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +It is with peculiar satisfaction that I meet the 6th Congress of the United +States of America. Coming from all parts of the Union at this critical and +interesting period, the members must be fully possessed of the sentiments +and wishes of our constituents. + +The flattering prospects of abundance from the labors of the people by land +and by sea; the prosperity of our extended commerce, notwithstanding +interruptions occasioned by the belligerent state of a great part of the +world; the return of health, industry, and trade to those cities which have +lately been afflicted with disease, and the various and inestimable +advantages, civil and religious, which, secured under our happy frame of +government, are continued to us unimpaired, demand of the whole American +people sincere thanks to a benevolent Deity for the merciful dispensations +of His providence. + +But while these numerous blessings are recollected, it is a painful duty to +advert to the ungrateful return which has been made for them by some of the +people in certain counties of Pennsylvania, where, seduced by the arts and +misrepresentations of designing men, they have openly resisted the law +directing the valuation of houses and lands. Such defiance was given to the +civil authority as rendered hopeless all further attempts by judicial +process to enforce the execution of the law, and it became necessary to +direct a military force to be employed, consisting of some companies of +regular troops, volunteers, and militia, by whose zeal and activity, in +cooperation with the judicial power, order and submission were restored and +many of the offenders arrested. Of these, some have been convicted of +misdemeanors, and others, charged with various crimes, remain to be tried. + +To give due effect to the civil administration of Government and to insure +a just execution of the laws, a revision and amendment of the judiciary +system is indispensably necessary. In this extensive country it can not but +happen that numerous questions respecting the interpretation of the laws +and the rights and duties of officers and citizens must arise. On the one +hand, the laws should be executed; on the other, individuals should be +guarded from oppression. Neither of these objects is sufficiently assured +under the present organization of the judicial department. I therefore +earnestly recommend the subject to your serious consideration. + +Persevering in the pacific and humane policy which had been invariably +professed and sincerely pursued by the Executive authority of the United +States, when indications were made on the part of the French Republic of a +disposition to accommodate the existing differences between the 2 +countries, I felt it to be my duty to prepare for meeting their advances by +a nomination of ministers upon certain conditions which the honor of our +country dictated, and which its moderation had given it a right to +prescribe. + +The assurances which were required of the French Government previous to the +departure of our envoys have been given through their minister of foreign +relations, and I have directed them to proceed on their mission to Paris. +They have full power to conclude a treaty, subject to the constitutional +advice and consent of the Senate. The characters of these gentlemen are +sure pledges to their country that nothing incompatible with its honor or +interest, nothing inconsistent with our obligations of good faith or +friendship to any other nation, will be stipulated. + +It appearing probable from the information I received that our commercial +intercourse with some ports in the island of St. Domingo might safely be +renewed, I took such steps as seemed to me expedient to ascertain that +point. The result being satisfactory, I then, in conformity with the act of +Congress on the subject, directed the restraints and prohibitions of that +intercourse to be discontinued on terms which were made known by +proclamation. Since the renewal of this intercourse our citizens trading to +those ports, with their property, have been duly respected, and +privateering from those ports has ceased. + +In examining the claims of British subjects by the commissioners at +Philadelphia, acting under the 6th article of the treaty of amity, +commerce, and navigation with Great Britain, a difference of opinion on +points deemed essential in the interpretation of that article has arisen +between the commissioners appointed by the United States and the other +members of that board, from which the former have thought it their duty to +withdraw. It is sincerely to be regretted that the execution of an article +produced by a mutual spirit of amity and justice should have been thus +unavoidably interrupted. It is, however, confidently expected that the same +spirit of amity and the same sense of justice in which it originated will +lead to satisfactory explanations. + +In consequence of the obstacles to the progress of the commission in +Philadelphia, His Britannic Majesty has directed the commissioners +appointed by him under the 7th article of the treaty relating to the +British captures of American vessels to withdraw from the board sitting in +London, but with the express declaration of his determination to fulfill +with punctuality and good faith the engagements which His Majesty has +contracted by his treaty with the United States, and that they will be +instructed to resume their functions whenever the obstacles which impede +the progress of the commission at Philadelphia shall be removed. It being +in like manner my sincere determination, so far as the same depends on me, +that with equal punctuality and good faith the engagements contracted by +the United States in their treaties with His Britannic Majesty shall be +fulfilled, I shall immediately instruct our minister at London to endeavor +to obtain the explanation necessary to a just performance of those +engagements on the part of the United States. With such dispositions on +both sides, I can not entertain a doubt that all difficulties will soon be +removed and that the 2 boards will then proceed and bring the business +committed to them respectively to a satisfactory conclusion. + +The act of Congress relative to the seat of the Government of the United +States requiring that on the 1st Monday of December next it should be +transferred from Philadelphia to the District chosen for its permanent +seat, it is proper for me to inform you that the commissioners appointed to +provide suitable buildings for the accommodation of Congress and of the +President and of the public offices of the Government have made a report of +the state of the buildings designed for those purposes in the city of +Washington, from which they conclude that the removal of the seat of +Government to that place at the time required will be practicable and the +accommodation satisfactory. Their report will be laid before you. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I shall direct the estimates of the appropriations necessary for the +service of the ensuing year, together with an account of the revenue and +expenditure, to be laid before you. During a period in which a great +portion of the civilized world has been involved in a war unusually +calamitous and destructive, it was not to be expected that the United +States could be exempted from extraordinary burthens. Although the period +is not arrived when the measures adopted to secure our country against +foreign attacks can be renounced, yet it is alike necessary for the honor +of the Government and the satisfaction of the community that an exact +economy should be maintained. I invite you, gentlemen, to investigate the +different branches of the public expenditure. The examination will lead to +beneficial retrenchments or produce a conviction of the wisdom of the +measures to which the expenditure relates. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +At a period like the present, when momentous changes are occurring and +every hour is preparing new and great events in the political world, when a +spirit of war is prevalent in almost every nation with whose affairs the +interests of the United States have any connection, unsafe and precarious +would be our situation were we to neglect the means of maintaining our just +rights. The result of the mission to France is uncertain; but however it +may terminate, a steady perseverance in a system of national defense +commensurate with our resources and the situation of our country is an +obvious dictate of wisdom; for, remotely as we are placed from the +belligerent nations, and desirous as we are, by doing justice to all, to +avoid offense to any, nothing short of the power of repelling aggressions +will secure to our country a rational prospect of escaping the calamities +of war or national degradation. As to myself, it is my anxious desire so to +execute the trust reposed in me as to render the people of the United +States prosperous and happy. I rely with entire confidence on your +cooperation in objects equally your care, and that our mutual labors will +serve to increase and confirm union among our fellow citizens and an +unshaken attachment to our Government. + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +November 11, 1800 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +Immediately after the adjournment of Congress at their last session in +Philadelphia I gave directions, in compliance with the laws, for the +removal of the public offices, records, and property. These directions have +been executed, and the public officers have since resided and conducted the +ordinary business of the Government in this place. + +I congratulate the people of the United States on the assembling of +Congress at the permanent seat of their Government, and I congratulate you, +gentlemen, on the prospect of a residence not to be changed. Although there +is cause to apprehend that accommodations are not now so complete as might +be wished, yet there is great reason to believe that this inconvenience +will cease with the present session. + +It would be unbecoming the representatives of this nation to assemble for +the first time in this solemn temple without looking up to the Supreme +Ruler of the Universe and imploring His blessing. + +May this territory be the residence of virtue and happiness! In this city +may that piety and virtue, that wisdom and magnanimity, that constancy and +self-government, which adorned the great character whose name it bears be +forever held in veneration! Here and throughout our country may simple +manners, pure morals, and true religion flourish forever! + +It is with you, gentlemen, to consider whether the local powers over the +District of Columbia vested by the Constitution in the Congress of the +United States shall be immediately exercised. If in your opinion this +important trust ought now to be executed, you can not fail while performing +it to take into view the future probable situation of the territory for the +happiness of which you are about to provide. You will consider it as the +capital of a great nation advancing with unexampled rapidity in arts, in +commerce, in wealth, and in population, and possessing within itself those +energies and resources which, if not thrown away or lamentably misdirected, +will secure to it a long course of prosperity and self-government. + +In compliance with a law of the last session of Congress, the officers and +soldiers of the temporary army have been discharged. It affords real +pleasure to recollect the honorable testimony they gave of the patriotic +motives which brought them into the service of their country, by the +readiness and regularity with which they returned to the station of private +citizens. + +It is in every point of view of such primary importance to carry the laws +into prompt and faithful execution, and to render that part of the +administration of justice which the Constitution and laws devolve on the +Federal courts as convenient to the people as may consist with their +present circumstances, that I can not omit once more to recommend to your +serious consideration the judiciary system of the United States. No subject +is more interesting than this to the public happiness, and to none can +those improvements which may have been suggested by experience be more +beneficially applied. + +A treaty of amity and commerce with the King of Prussia has been concluded +and ratified. The ratifications have been exchanged, and I have directed +the treaty to be promulgated by proclamation. + +The difficulties which suspended the execution of the 6th article of our +treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation with Great Britain have not yet +been removed. The negotiation on this subject is still depending. As it +must be fore the interest and honor of both nations to adjust this +difference with good faith, I indulge confidently the expectation that the +sincere endeavors of the Government of the United States to bring it to an +amicable termination will not be disappointed. + +The envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary from the United +States to France were received by the First Consul with the respect due to +their character, and 3 persons with equal powers were appointed to treat +with them. Although at the date of the last official intelligence the +negotiation had not terminated, yet it is to be hoped that our efforts to +effect an accommodation will at length meet with a success proportioned to +the sincerity with which they have been so often repeated. + +While our best endeavors for the preservation of harmony with all nations +will continue to be used, the experience of the world and our own +experience admonish us of the insecurity of trusting too confidently to +their success. We can not, without committing a dangerous imprudence, +abandon those measures of self protection which are adapted to our +situation and to which, notwithstanding our pacific policy, the violence +and injustice of others may again compel us to resort. While our vast +extent of sea coast, the commercial and agriculture habits of our people, +the great capital they will continue to trust on the ocean, suggest the +system of defense which will be most beneficial to ourselves, our distance +from Europe and our resources for maritime strength will enable us to +employ it with effect. Seasonable and systematic arrangements, so far as +our resources will justify, for a navy adapted to defensive war, and which +may in case of necessity be quickly brought into use, seem to be as much +recommended by a wise and true economy as by a just regard for our future +tranquillity, for the safety of our shores, and for the protection of our +property committed to the ocean. + +The present Navy of the United States, called suddenly into existence by a +great national exigency, has raised us in our own esteem, and by the +protection afforded to our commerce has effected to the extent of our +expectations the objects for which it was created. + +In connection with a navy ought to be contemplated the fortification of +some of our principal sea ports and harbors. A variety of considerations, +which will readily suggest themselves, urge an attention to this measure of +precaution. To give security to our principal ports considerable sums have +already been expended, but the works remain incomplete. It is for Congress +to determine whether additional appropriations shall be made in order to +render competent to the intended purposes the fortifications which have +been commenced. + +The manufacture of arms within the United States still invites the +attention of the National Legislature. At a considerable expense to the +public this manufacture has been brought to such a state of maturity as, +with continued encouragement, will supersede the necessity of future +importations from foreign countries. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I shall direct the estimates of the appropriations necessary for the +ensuing year, together with an account of the public revenue and +expenditure to a late period, to be laid before you. I observe with much +satisfaction that the product of the revenue during the present year has +been more considerable than during any former equal period. This result +affords conclusive evidence of the great resources of this country and of +the wisdom and efficiency of the measures which have been adopted by +Congress for the protection of commerce and preservation of public credit. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +As one of the grand community of nations, our attention is irresistibly +drawn to the important scenes which surround us. If they have exhibited an +uncommon portion of calamity, it is the province of humanity to deplore and +of wisdom to avoid the causes which may have produced it. If, turning our +eyes homeward, we find reason to rejoice at the prospect which presents +itself; if we perceive the interior of our country prosperous, free, and +happy; if all enjoy in safety, under the protection of laws emanating only +from the general will, the fruits of their own labor, we ought to fortify +and cling to those institutions which have been the source of such real +felicity and resist with unabating perseverance the progress of those +dangerous innovations which may diminish their influence. + +To your patriotism, gentlemen, has been confided the honorable duty of +guarding the public interests; and while the past is to your country a sure +pledge that it will be faithfully discharged, permit me to assure you that +your labors to promote the general happiness will receive from me the most +zealous cooperation. + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OF ADDRESSES BY JOHN ADAMS *** + +This file should be named sujad10.txt or sujad10.zip +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, sujad11.txt +VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, sujad10a.txt + +Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we usually do not +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +We are now trying to release all our eBooks one year in advance +of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing. +Please be encouraged to tell us about any error or corrections, +even years after the official publication date. + +Please note neither this listing nor its contents are final til +midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement. +The official release date of all Project Gutenberg eBooks is at +Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A +preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment +and editing by those who wish to do so. + +Most people start at our Web sites at: +http://gutenberg.net or +http://promo.net/pg + +These Web sites include award-winning information about Project +Gutenberg, including how to donate, how to help produce our new +eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter (free!). + + +Those of you who want to download any eBook before announcement +can get to them as follows, and just download by date. This is +also a good way to get them instantly upon announcement, as the +indexes our cataloguers produce obviously take a while after an +announcement goes out in the Project Gutenberg Newsletter. + +http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext04 or +ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext04 + +Or /etext03, 02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90 + +Just search by the first five letters of the filename you want, +as it appears in our Newsletters. + + +Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) + +We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The +time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours +to get any eBook selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright +searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. Our +projected audience is one hundred million readers. If the value +per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2 +million dollars per hour in 2002 as we release over 100 new text +files per month: 1240 more eBooks in 2001 for a total of 4000+ +We are already on our way to trying for 2000 more eBooks in 2002 +If they reach just 1-2% of the world's population then the total +will reach over half a trillion eBooks given away by year's end. + +The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away 1 Trillion eBooks! +This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers, +which is only about 4% of the present number of computer users. + +Here is the briefest record of our progress (* means estimated): + +eBooks Year Month + + 1 1971 July + 10 1991 January + 100 1994 January + 1000 1997 August + 1500 1998 October + 2000 1999 December + 2500 2000 December + 3000 2001 November + 4000 2001 October/November + 6000 2002 December* + 9000 2003 November* +10000 2004 January* + + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been created +to secure a future for Project Gutenberg into the next millennium. + +We need your donations more than ever! + +As of February, 2002, contributions are being solicited from people +and organizations in: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, +Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, +Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, +Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New +Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, +Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South +Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West +Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. + +We have filed in all 50 states now, but these are the only ones +that have responded. + +As the requirements for other states are met, additions to this list +will be made and fund raising will begin in the additional states. +Please feel free to ask to check the status of your state. + +In answer to various questions we have received on this: + +We are constantly working on finishing the paperwork to legally +request donations in all 50 states. If your state is not listed and +you would like to know if we have added it since the list you have, +just ask. + +While we cannot solicit donations from people in states where we are +not yet registered, we know of no prohibition against accepting +donations from donors in these states who approach us with an offer to +donate. + +International donations are accepted, but we don't know ANYTHING about +how to make them tax-deductible, or even if they CAN be made +deductible, and don't have the staff to handle it even if there are +ways. + +Donations by check or money order may be sent to: + +Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +PMB 113 +1739 University Ave. +Oxford, MS 38655-4109 + +Contact us if you want to arrange for a wire transfer or payment +method other than by check or money order. + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been approved by +the US Internal Revenue Service as a 501(c)(3) organization with EIN +[Employee Identification Number] 64-622154. Donations are +tax-deductible to the maximum extent permitted by law. As fund-raising +requirements for other states are met, additions to this list will be +made and fund-raising will begin in the additional states. + +We need your donations more than ever! + +You can get up to date donation information online at: + +http://www.gutenberg.net/donation.html + + +*** + +If you can't reach Project Gutenberg, +you can always email directly to: + +Michael S. Hart <hart@pobox.com> + +Prof. Hart will answer or forward your message. + +We would prefer to send you information by email. + + +**The Legal Small Print** + + +(Three Pages) + +***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS**START*** +Why is this "Small Print!" statement here? You know: lawyers. +They tell us you might sue us if there is something wrong with +your copy of this eBook, even if you got it for free from +someone other than us, and even if what's wrong is not our +fault. So, among other things, this "Small Print!" statement +disclaims most of our liability to you. It also tells you how +you may distribute copies of this eBook if you want to. + +*BEFORE!* YOU USE OR READ THIS EBOOK +By using or reading any part of this PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm +eBook, you indicate that you understand, agree to and accept +this "Small Print!" statement. If you do not, you can receive +a refund of the money (if any) you paid for this eBook by +sending a request within 30 days of receiving it to the person +you got it from. If you received this eBook on a physical +medium (such as a disk), you must return it with your request. + +ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG-TM EBOOKS +This PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBook, like most PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBooks, +is a "public domain" work distributed by Professor Michael S. Hart +through the Project Gutenberg Association (the "Project"). +Among other things, this means that no one owns a United States copyright +on or for this work, so the Project (and you!) can copy and +distribute it in the United States without permission and +without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth +below, apply if you wish to copy and distribute this eBook +under the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark. + +Please do not use the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark to market +any commercial products without permission. + +To create these eBooks, the Project expends considerable +efforts to identify, transcribe and proofread public domain +works. Despite these efforts, the Project's eBooks and any +medium they may be on may contain "Defects". Among other +things, Defects may take the form of incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other +intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged +disk or other eBook medium, a computer virus, or computer +codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. + +LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES +But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below, +[1] Michael Hart and the Foundation (and any other party you may +receive this eBook from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBook) disclaims +all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including +legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR +UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT, +INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE +OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE +POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. + +If you discover a Defect in this eBook within 90 days of +receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) +you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that +time to the person you received it from. If you received it +on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and +such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement +copy. If you received it electronically, such person may +choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to +receive it electronically. + +THIS EBOOK IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS +TO THE EBOOK OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT +LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A +PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or +the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the +above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you +may have other legal rights. + +INDEMNITY +You will indemnify and hold Michael Hart, the Foundation, +and its trustees and agents, and any volunteers associated +with the production and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm +texts harmless, from all liability, cost and expense, including +legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the +following that you do or cause: [1] distribution of this eBook, +[2] alteration, modification, or addition to the eBook, +or [3] any Defect. + +DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm" +You may distribute copies of this eBook electronically, or by +disk, book or any other medium if you either delete this +"Small Print!" and all other references to Project Gutenberg, +or: + +[1] Only give exact copies of it. Among other things, this + requires that you do not remove, alter or modify the + eBook or this "small print!" statement. You may however, + if you wish, distribute this eBook in machine readable + binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form, + including any form resulting from conversion by word + processing or hypertext software, but only so long as + *EITHER*: + + [*] The eBook, when displayed, is clearly readable, and + does *not* contain characters other than those + intended by the author of the work, although tilde + (~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may + be used to convey punctuation intended by the + author, and additional characters may be used to + indicate hypertext links; OR + + [*] The eBook may be readily converted by the reader at + no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent + form by the program that displays the eBook (as is + the case, for instance, with most word processors); + OR + + [*] You provide, or agree to also provide on request at + no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the + eBook in its original plain ASCII form (or in EBCDIC + or other equivalent proprietary form). + +[2] Honor the eBook refund and replacement provisions of this + "Small Print!" statement. + +[3] Pay a trademark license fee to the Foundation of 20% of the + gross profits you derive calculated using the method you + already use to calculate your applicable taxes. If you + don't derive profits, no royalty is due. Royalties are + payable to "Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation" + the 60 days following each date you prepare (or were + legally required to prepare) your annual (or equivalent + periodic) tax return. Please contact us beforehand to + let us know your plans and to work out the details. + +WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO? +Project Gutenberg is dedicated to increasing the number of +public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed +in machine readable form. + +The Project gratefully accepts contributions of money, time, +public domain materials, or royalty free copyright licenses. +Money should be paid to the: +"Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +If you are interested in contributing scanning equipment or +software or other items, please contact Michael Hart at: +hart@pobox.com + +[Portions of this eBook's header and trailer may be reprinted only +when distributed free of all fees. Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 by +Michael S. Hart. Project Gutenberg is a TradeMark and may not be +used in any sales of Project Gutenberg eBooks or other materials be +they hardware or software or any other related product without +express permission.] + +*END THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS*Ver.02/11/02*END* diff --git a/old/sujad10.zip b/old/sujad10.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6667a4e --- /dev/null +++ b/old/sujad10.zip diff --git a/old/sujad11.txt b/old/sujad11.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db4d637 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/sujad11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1114 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of State of the Union Addresses +by John Adams +(#2 in our series of US Presidential State of the Union Addresses) + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** + + +Title: State of the Union Addresses of John Adams + +Author: John Adams + +Release Date: February, 2004 [EBook #5011] +[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] +[This file was first posted on April 11, 2002] +[Date last updated: December 16, 2004] + +Edition: 11 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OF ADDRESSES BY JOHN ADAMS *** + + + + +This eBook was produced by James Linden. + +The addresses are separated by three asterisks: *** + +Dates of addresses by John Adams in this eBook: + November 22, 1797 + December 8, 1798 + December 3, 1799 + November 11, 1800 + + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +November 22, 1797 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I was for some time apprehensive that it would be necessary, on account of +the contagious sickness which afflicted the city of Philadelphia, to +convene the National Legislature at some other place. This measure it was +desirable to avoid, because it would occasion much public inconvenience and +a considerable public expense and add to the calamities of the inhabitants +of this city, whose sufferings must have excited the sympathy of all their +fellow citizens. Therefore, after taking measures to ascertain the state +and decline of the sickness, I postponed my determination, having hopes, +now happily realized, that, without hazard to the lives or health of the +members, Congress might assemble at this place, where it was next by law to +meet. I submit, however, to your consideration whether a power to postpone +the meeting of Congress, without passing the time fixed by the Constitution +upon such occasions, would not be a useful amendment to the law of 1794. + +Although I can not yet congratulate you on the reestablishment of peace in +Europe and the restoration of security to the persons and properties of our +citizens from injustice and violence at sea, we have, nevertheless, +abundant cause of gratitude to the source of benevolence and influence for +interior tranquillity and personal security, for propitious seasons, +prosperous agriculture, productive fisheries, and general improvements, +and, above all, for a rational spirit of civil and religious liberty and a +calm but steady determination to support our sovereignty, as well as our +moral and our religious principles, against all open and secret attacks. + +Our envoys extraordinary to the French Republic embarked--one in July, the +other in August--to join their colleague in Holland. I have received +intelligence of the arrival of both of them in Holland, from whence they +all proceeded on their journeys to Paris within a few days of the 19th of +September. Whatever may be the result of this mission, I trust that nothing +will have been omitted on my part to conduct the negotiation to a +successful conclusion, on such equitable terms as may be compatible with +the safety, honor and interest of the United States. Nothing, in the mean +time, will contribute so much to the preservation of peace and the +attainment of justice as manifestation of that energy and unanimity of +which on many former occasions the people of the United States have given +such memorable proofs, and the exertion of those resources for national +defense which a beneficent Providence has kindly placed within their +power. + +It may be confidently asserted that nothing has occurred since the +adjournment of Congress which renders inexpedient those precautionary +measures recommended by me to the consideration of the two Houses at the +opening of your late extraordinary session. If that system was then +prudent, it is more so now, as increasing depredations strengthen the +reasons for its adoption. + +Indeed, whatever may be the issue of the negotiation with France, and +whether the war in Europe is or is not to continue, I hold it most certain +that permanent tranquillity and order will not soon be obtained. The state +of society has so long been disturbed, the sense of moral and religious +obligations so much weakened, public faith and national honor have been so +impaired, respect to treaties has been so diminished, and the law of +nations has lost so much of its force, while pride, ambition, avarice and +violence have been so long unrestrained, there remains no reasonable ground +on which to raise an expectation that a commerce without protection or +defense will not be plundered. + +The commerce of the United States is essential, if not to their existence, +at least to their comfort, their growth, prosperity, and happiness. The +genius, character, and habits of the people are highly commercial. Their +cities have been formed and exist upon commerce. Our agriculture, +fisheries, arts, and manufactures are connected with and depend upon it. In +short, commerce has made this country what it is, and it can not be +destroyed or neglected without involving the people in poverty and +distress. Great numbers are directly and solely supported by navigation. +The faith of society is pledged for the preservation of the rights of +commercial and sea faring no less than of the other citizens. Under this +view of our affairs, I should hold myself guilty of a neglect of duty if I +forbore to recommend that we should make every exertion to protect our +commerce and to place our country in a suitable posture of defense as the +only sure means of preserving both. + +I have entertained an expectation that it would have been in my power at +the opening of this session to have communicated to you the agreeable +information of the due execution of our treaty with His Catholic Majesty +respecting the withdrawing of his troops from our territory and the +demarcation of the line of limits, but by the latest authentic intelligence +Spanish garrisons were still continued within our country, and the running +of the boundary line had not been commenced. These circumstances are the +more to be regretted as they can not fail to affect the Indians in a manner +injurious to the United States. Still, however, indulging the hope that the +answers which have been given will remove the objections offered by the +Spanish officers to the immediate execution of the treaty, I have judged it +proper that we should continue in readiness to receive the posts and to run +the line of limits. Further information on this subject will be +communicated in the course of the session. + +In connection with this unpleasant state of things on our western frontier +it is proper for me to mention the attempts of foreign agents to alienate +the affections of the Indian nations and to excite them to actual +hostilities against the United States. Great activity has been exerted by +those persons who have insinuated themselves among the Indian tribes +residing within the territory of the United States to influence them to +transfer their affections and force to a foreign nation, to form them into +a confederacy, and prepare them for war against the United States. Although +measures have been taken to counteract these infractions of our rights, to +prevent Indian hostilities, and to preserve entire their attachment to the +United States, it is my duty to observe that to give a better effect to +these measures and to obviate the consequences of a repetition of such +practices a law providing adequate punishment for such offenses may be +necessary. + +The commissioners appointed under the 5th article of the treaty of amity, +commerce, and navigation between the United States and Great Britain to +ascertain the river which was truly intended under the name of the river +St. Croix mentioned in the treaty of peace, met at Passamaquoddy Bay in +1796 October, and viewed the mouths of the rivers in question and the +adjacent shores and islands, and, being of opinion that actual surveys of +both rivers to their sources were necessary, gave to the agents of the two +nations instructions for that purpose, and adjourned to meet at Boston in +August. They met, but the surveys requiring more time than had been +supposed, and not being then completed, the commissioners again adjourned, +to meet at Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, in June next, when we +may expect a final examination and decision. + +The commissioners appointed in pursuance of the 6th article of the treaty +met at Philadelphia in May last to examine the claims of British subjects +for debts contracted before the peace and still remaining due to them from +citizens or inhabitants of the United States. Various causes have hitherto +prevented any determinations, but the business is now resumed, and +doubtless will be prosecuted without interruption. + +Several decisions on the claims of citizens of the United States for losses +and damages sustained by reason of irregular and illegal captures or +condemnations of their vessels or other property have been made by the +commissioners in London conformably to the 7th article of the treaty. The +sums awarded by the commissioners have been paid by the British Government. +A considerable number of other claims, where costs and damages, and not +captured property, were the only objects in question, have been decided by +arbitration, and the sums awarded to the citizens of the United States have +also been paid. + +The commissioners appointed agreeably to the 21st article of our treaty +with Spain met at Philadelphia in the summer past to examine and decide on +the claims of our citizens for losses they have sustained in consequence of +their vessels and cargoes having been taken by the subjects of His Catholic +Majesty during the late war between Spain and France. Their sittings have +been interrupted, but are now resumed. + +The United States being obligated to make compensation for the losses and +damages sustained by British subjects, upon the award of the commissioners +acting under the 6th article of the treaty with Great Britain, and for the +losses and damages sustained by British subjects by reason of the capture +of their vessels and merchandise taken within the limits and jurisdiction +of the United States and brought into their ports, or taken by vessels +originally armed in ports of the United States, upon the awards of the +commissioners acting under the 7th article of the same treaty, it is +necessary that provision be made for fulfilling these obligations. + +The numerous captures of American vessels by the cruisers of the French +Republic and of some by those of Spain have occasioned considerable +expenses in making and supporting the claims of our citizens before their +tribunals. The sums required for this purpose have in divers instances been +disbursed by the consuls of the United States. By means of the same +captures great numbers of our sea men have been thrown ashore in foreign +countries, destitute of all means of subsistence, and the sick in +particular have been exposed to grievous sufferings. The consuls have in +these cases also advanced moneys for their relief. For these advances they +reasonably expect reimbursements from the United States. + +The consular act relative to sea men requires revision and amendment. The +provisions for their support in foreign countries and for their return are +found to be inadequate and ineffectual. Another provision seems necessary +to be added to the consular act. Some foreign vessels have been discovered +sailing under the flag of the United States and with forged papers. It +seldom happens that the consuls can detect this deception, because they +have no authority to demand an inspection of the registers and sea +letters. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +It is my duty to recommend to your serious consideration those objects +which by the Constitution are placed particularly within your sphere--the +national debts and taxes. + +Since the decay of the feudal system, by which the public defense was +provided for chiefly at the expense of individuals, the system of loans has +been introduced, and as no nation can raise within the year by taxes +sufficient sums for its defense and military operations in time of war the +sums loaned and debts contracted have necessarily become the subjects of +what have been called funding systems. The consequences arising from the +continual accumulation of public debts in other countries ought to admonish +us to be careful to prevent their growth in our own. The national defense +must be provided for as well as the support of Government; but both should +be accomplished as much as possible by immediate taxes, and as little as +possible by loans. + +The estimates for the service of the ensuing year will by my direction be +laid before you. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +We are met together at a most interesting period. The situations of the +principal powers of Europe are singular and portentous. Connected with some +by treaties and with all by commerce, no important event there can be +indifferent to us. Such circumstances call with peculiar importunity not +less for a disposition to unite in all those measures on which the honor, +safety, and prosperity of our country depend than for all the exertions of +wisdom and firmness. + +In all such measures you may rely on my zealous and hearty concurrence. + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +December 8, 1798 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +While with reverence and resignation we contemplate the dispensations of +Divine Providence in the alarming and destructive pestilence with which +several of our cities and towns have been visited, there is cause for +gratitude and mutual congratulations that the malady has disappeared and +that we are again permitted to assemble in safety at the seat of Government +for the discharge of our important duties. But when we reflect that this +fatal disorder has within a few years made repeated ravages in some of our +principal sea ports, and with increased malignancy, and when we consider +the magnitude of the evils arising from the interruption of public and +private business, whereby the national interests are deeply affected, I +think it my duty to invite the Legislature of the Union to examine the +expediency of establishing suitable regulations in aid of the health laws +of the respective States; for these being formed on the idea that +contagious sickness may be communicated through the channels of commerce, +there seems to be a necessity that Congress, who alone can regulate trade, +should frame a system which, while it may tend to preserve the general +health, may be compatible with the interests of commerce and the safety of +the revenue. + +While we think on this calamity and sympathize with the immediate +sufferers, we have abundant reason to present to the Supreme Being our +annual oblations of gratitude for a liberal participation in the ordinary +blessings of His providence. To the usual subjects of gratitude I can not +omit to add one of the first importance to our well being and safety; I mean +that spirit which has arisen in our country against the menaces and +aggression of a foreign nation. A manly sense of national honor, dignity, +and independence has appeared which, if encouraged and invigorated by every +branch of the Government, will enable us to view undismayed the enterprises +of any foreign power and become the sure foundation of national prosperity +and glory. + +The course of the transactions in relation to the United States and France +which have come to my knowledge during your recess will be made the subject +of a future communication. That communication will confirm the ultimate +failure of the measures which have been taken by the Government of the +United States toward an amicable adjustment of differences with that power. +You will at the same time perceive that the French Government appears +solicitous to impress the opinion that it is averse to a rupture with this +country, and that it has in a qualified manner declared itself willing to +receive a minister from the United States for the purpose of restoring a +good understanding. It is unfortunate for professions of this kind that +they should be expressed in terms which may countenance the inadmissible +pretension of a right to prescribe the qualifications which a minister from +the United States should possess, and that while France is asserting the +existence of a disposition on her part to conciliate with sincerity the +differences which have arisen, the sincerity of a like disposition on the +part of the United States, of which so many demonstrative proofs have been +given, should even be indirectly questioned. + +It is also worthy of observation that the decree of the Directory alleged +to be intended to restrain the depredations of French cruisers on our +commerce has not given, and can not give, any relief. It enjoins them to +conform to all the laws of France relative to cruising and prizes, while +these laws are themselves the sources of the depredations of which we have +so long, so justly, and so fruitlessly complained. + +The law of France enacted in January last, which subjects to capture and +condemnation neutral vessels and their cargoes if any portion of the latter +are of British fabric or produce, although the entire property belong to +neutrals, instead of being rescinded has lately received a confirmation by +the failure of a proposition for its repeal. While this law, which is an +unequivocal act of war on the commerce of the nations it attacks, continues +in force those nations can see in the French Government only a power +regardless of their essential rights, of their independence and +sovereignty; and if they possess the means they can reconcile nothing with +their interest and honor but a firm resistance. + +Hitherto, therefore, nothing is discoverable in the conduct of France which +ought to change or relax our measures of defense. On the contrary, to +extend and invigorate them is our true policy. We have no reason to regret +that these measures have been thus far adopted and pursued, and in +proportion as we enlarge our view of the portentous and incalculable +situation of Europe we shall discover new and cogent motives for the full +development of our energies and resources. + +But in demonstrating by our conduct that we do not fear war in the +necessary protection of our rights and honor we shall give no room to infer +that we abandon the desire of peace. An efficient preparation for war can +alone insure peace. It is peace that we have uniformly and perseveringly +cultivated, and harmony between us and France may be restored at her +option. But to send another minister without more determinate assurances +that he would be received would be an act of humiliation to which the +United States ought not to submit. It must therefore be left with France +(if she is indeed desirous of accommodation) to take the requisite steps. + +The United States will steadily observe the maxims by which they have +hitherto been governed. They will respect the sacred rights of embassy; and +with a sincere disposition on the part of France to desist from hostility, +to make reparation for the injuries heretofore inflicted on our commerce, +and to do justice in future, there will be no obstacle to the restoration +of a friendly intercourse. + +In making to you this declaration I give a pledge to France and the world +that the Executive authority of this country still adheres to the humane +and pacific policy which has invariably governed its proceedings, in +conformity with the wishes of the other branches of the Government and of +the people of the United States. But considering the late manifestations of +her policy toward foreign nations, I deem it a duty deliberately and +solemnly to declare my opinion that whether we negotiate with her or not, +vigorous preparations for war will be alike indispensable. These alone will +give to us an equal treaty and insure its observance. + +Among the measures of preparation which appear expedient, I take the +liberty to recall your attention to the naval establishment. The beneficial +effects of the small naval armament provided under the acts of the last +session are known and acknowledged. Perhaps no country ever experienced +more sudden and remarkable advantages from any measure of policy than we +have derived from the arming for our maritime protection and defense. + +We ought without loss of time to lay the foundation for an increase of our +Navy to a size sufficient to guard our coast and protect our trade. Such a +naval force as it is doubtless in the power of the United States to create +and maintain would also afford to them the best means of general defense by +facilitating the safe transportation of troops and stores to every part of +our extensive coast. To accomplish this important object, a prudent +foresight requires that systematic measures be adopted for procuring at all +times the requisite timber and other supplies. In what manner this shall be +done I leave to your consideration. + +I will now advert, gentlemen, to some matters of less moment, but proper to +be communicated to the National Legislature. + +After the Spanish garrisons had evacuated the posts they occupied at the +Natchez and Walnut Hills the commissioner of the United States commences +his observations to ascertain the point near the Mississippi which +terminated the northernmost part of the 31st degree of north latitude. From +thence he proceeded to run the boundary line between the United States and +Spain. He was afterwards joined by the Spanish commissioner, when the work +of the former was confirmed, and they proceeded together to the demarcation +of the line. + +Recent information renders it probable that the Southern Indians, either +instigated to oppose the demarcation or jealous of the consequences of +suffering white people to run a line over lands to which the Indian title +had not been extinguished, have ere this time stopped the progress of the +commissioners; and considering the mischiefs which may result from +continuing the demarcation in opposition to the will of the Indian tribes, +the great expense attending it, and that the boundaries which the +commissioners have actually established probably extend at least as far as +the Indian title has been extinguished, it will perhaps become expedient +and necessary to suspend further proceedings by recalling our +commissioner. + +The commissioners appointed in pursuance of the 5th article of the treaty +of amity, commerce, and navigation between the United States and His +Britannic Majesty to determine what river was truly intended under the name +of the river St. Croix mentioned in the treaty of peace, and forming a part +of the boundary therein described, have finally decided that question. On +the 25th of October they made their declaration that a river called +Scoodiac, which falls into Passamaquoddy Bay at its northwestern quarter, +was the true St. Croix intended in the treaty of peace, as far as its great +fork, where one of its streams comes from the westward and the other from +the northward, and that the latter stream is the continuation of the St. +Croix to its source. + +This decision, it is understood, will preclude all contention among the +individual claimants, as it seems that the Scoodiac and its northern branch +bound the grants of land which have been made by the respective adjoining +Governments. + +A subordinate question, however, it has been suggested, still remains to be +determined. Between the mouth of the St. Croix as now settled and what is +usually called the Bay of Fundy lie a number of valuable islands. The +commissioners have not continued the boundary line through any channel of +these islands, and unless the bay of Passamaquoddy be a part of the Bay of +Fundy this further adjustment of boundary will be necessary, but it is +apprehended that this will not be a matter of any difficulty. + +Such progress has been made in the examination and decision of cases of +captures and condemnations of American vessels which were the subject of +the 7th article of the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation between +the United States and Great Britain that it is supposed the commissioners +will be able to bring their business to a conclusion in August of the +ensuing year. + +The commissioners acting under the 25th article of the treaty between the +United States and Spain have adjusted most of the claims of our citizens +for losses sustained in consequence of their vessels and cargoes having +been taken by the subjects of His Catholic Majesty during the late war +between France and Spain. + +Various circumstances have concurred to delay the execution of the law for +augmenting the military establishment, among these the desire of obtaining +the fullest information to direct the best selection of officers. As this +object will now be speedily accomplished, it is expected that the raising +and organizing of the troops will proceed without obstacle and with +effect. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I have directed an estimate of the appropriations which will be necessary +for the service of the ensuing year to be laid before you, accompanied with +a view of the public receipts and expenditures to a recent period. + +It will afford you satisfaction to infer the great extent and solidity of +the public resources from the prosperous state of the finances, +notwithstanding the unexampled embarrassments which have attended commerce. +When you reflect on the conspicuous examples of patriotism and liberality +which have been exhibited by our mercantile fellow citizens, and how great +a proportion of the public resources depends on their enterprise, you will +naturally consider whether their convenience can not be promoted and +reconciled with the security of the revenue by a revision of the system by +which the collection is at present regulated. + +During your recess measures have been steadily pursued for effecting the +valuations and returns directed by the act of the last session, preliminary +to the assessment and collection of a direct tax. No other delays or +obstacles have been experienced except such as were expected to arise from +the great extent of our country and the magnitude and novelty of the +operation, and enough has been accomplished to assure a fulfillment of the +views of the Legislature. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I can not close this address without once more adverting to our political +situation and inculcating the essential importance of uniting in the +maintenance of our dearest interests; and I trust that by the temper and +wisdom of your proceedings and by a harmony of measures we shall secure to +our country that weight and respect to which it is so justly entitled. + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +December 3, 1799 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +It is with peculiar satisfaction that I meet the 6th Congress of the United +States of America. Coming from all parts of the Union at this critical and +interesting period, the members must be fully possessed of the sentiments +and wishes of our constituents. + +The flattering prospects of abundance from the labors of the people by land +and by sea; the prosperity of our extended commerce, notwithstanding +interruptions occasioned by the belligerent state of a great part of the +world; the return of health, industry, and trade to those cities which have +lately been afflicted with disease, and the various and inestimable +advantages, civil and religious, which, secured under our happy frame of +government, are continued to us unimpaired, demand of the whole American +people sincere thanks to a benevolent Deity for the merciful dispensations +of His providence. + +But while these numerous blessings are recollected, it is a painful duty to +advert to the ungrateful return which has been made for them by some of the +people in certain counties of Pennsylvania, where, seduced by the arts and +misrepresentations of designing men, they have openly resisted the law +directing the valuation of houses and lands. Such defiance was given to the +civil authority as rendered hopeless all further attempts by judicial +process to enforce the execution of the law, and it became necessary to +direct a military force to be employed, consisting of some companies of +regular troops, volunteers, and militia, by whose zeal and activity, in +cooperation with the judicial power, order and submission were restored and +many of the offenders arrested. Of these, some have been convicted of +misdemeanors, and others, charged with various crimes, remain to be tried. + +To give due effect to the civil administration of Government and to insure +a just execution of the laws, a revision and amendment of the judiciary +system is indispensably necessary. In this extensive country it can not but +happen that numerous questions respecting the interpretation of the laws +and the rights and duties of officers and citizens must arise. On the one +hand, the laws should be executed; on the other, individuals should be +guarded from oppression. Neither of these objects is sufficiently assured +under the present organization of the judicial department. I therefore +earnestly recommend the subject to your serious consideration. + +Persevering in the pacific and humane policy which had been invariably +professed and sincerely pursued by the Executive authority of the United +States, when indications were made on the part of the French Republic of a +disposition to accommodate the existing differences between the two +countries, I felt it to be my duty to prepare for meeting their advances by +a nomination of ministers upon certain conditions which the honor of our +country dictated, and which its moderation had given it a right to +prescribe. + +The assurances which were required of the French Government previous to the +departure of our envoys have been given through their minister of foreign +relations, and I have directed them to proceed on their mission to Paris. +They have full power to conclude a treaty, subject to the constitutional +advice and consent of the Senate. The characters of these gentlemen are +sure pledges to their country that nothing incompatible with its honor or +interest, nothing inconsistent with our obligations of good faith or +friendship to any other nation, will be stipulated. + +It appearing probable from the information I received that our commercial +intercourse with some ports in the island of St. Domingo might safely be +renewed, I took such steps as seemed to me expedient to ascertain that +point. The result being satisfactory, I then, in conformity with the act of +Congress on the subject, directed the restraints and prohibitions of that +intercourse to be discontinued on terms which were made known by +proclamation. Since the renewal of this intercourse our citizens trading to +those ports, with their property, have been duly respected, and +privateering from those ports has ceased. + +In examining the claims of British subjects by the commissioners at +Philadelphia, acting under the 6th article of the treaty of amity, +commerce, and navigation with Great Britain, a difference of opinion on +points deemed essential in the interpretation of that article has arisen +between the commissioners appointed by the United States and the other +members of that board, from which the former have thought it their duty to +withdraw. It is sincerely to be regretted that the execution of an article +produced by a mutual spirit of amity and justice should have been thus +unavoidably interrupted. It is, however, confidently expected that the same +spirit of amity and the same sense of justice in which it originated will +lead to satisfactory explanations. + +In consequence of the obstacles to the progress of the commission in +Philadelphia, His Britannic Majesty has directed the commissioners +appointed by him under the 7th article of the treaty relating to the +British captures of American vessels to withdraw from the board sitting in +London, but with the express declaration of his determination to fulfill +with punctuality and good faith the engagements which His Majesty has +contracted by his treaty with the United States, and that they will be +instructed to resume their functions whenever the obstacles which impede +the progress of the commission at Philadelphia shall be removed. It being +in like manner my sincere determination, so far as the same depends on me, +that with equal punctuality and good faith the engagements contracted by +the United States in their treaties with His Britannic Majesty shall be +fulfilled, I shall immediately instruct our minister at London to endeavor +to obtain the explanation necessary to a just performance of those +engagements on the part of the United States. With such dispositions on +both sides, I can not entertain a doubt that all difficulties will soon be +removed and that the two boards will then proceed and bring the business +committed to them respectively to a satisfactory conclusion. + +The act of Congress relative to the seat of the Government of the United +States requiring that on the 1st Monday of December next it should be +transferred from Philadelphia to the District chosen for its permanent +seat, it is proper for me to inform you that the commissioners appointed to +provide suitable buildings for the accommodation of Congress and of the +President and of the public offices of the Government have made a report of +the state of the buildings designed for those purposes in the city of +Washington, from which they conclude that the removal of the seat of +Government to that place at the time required will be practicable and the +accommodation satisfactory. Their report will be laid before you. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I shall direct the estimates of the appropriations necessary for the +service of the ensuing year, together with an account of the revenue and +expenditure, to be laid before you. During a period in which a great +portion of the civilized world has been involved in a war unusually +calamitous and destructive, it was not to be expected that the United +States could be exempted from extraordinary burthens. Although the period +is not arrived when the measures adopted to secure our country against +foreign attacks can be renounced, yet it is alike necessary for the honor +of the Government and the satisfaction of the community that an exact +economy should be maintained. I invite you, gentlemen, to investigate the +different branches of the public expenditure. The examination will lead to +beneficial retrenchments or produce a conviction of the wisdom of the +measures to which the expenditure relates. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +At a period like the present, when momentous changes are occurring and +every hour is preparing new and great events in the political world, when a +spirit of war is prevalent in almost every nation with whose affairs the +interests of the United States have any connection, unsafe and precarious +would be our situation were we to neglect the means of maintaining our just +rights. The result of the mission to France is uncertain; but however it +may terminate, a steady perseverance in a system of national defense +commensurate with our resources and the situation of our country is an +obvious dictate of wisdom; for, remotely as we are placed from the +belligerent nations, and desirous as we are, by doing justice to all, to +avoid offense to any, nothing short of the power of repelling aggressions +will secure to our country a rational prospect of escaping the calamities +of war or national degradation. As to myself, it is my anxious desire so to +execute the trust reposed in me as to render the people of the United +States prosperous and happy. I rely with entire confidence on your +cooperation in objects equally your care, and that our mutual labors will +serve to increase and confirm union among our fellow citizens and an +unshaken attachment to our Government. + +*** + +State of the Union Address +John Adams +November 11, 1800 + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +Immediately after the adjournment of Congress at their last session in +Philadelphia I gave directions, in compliance with the laws, for the +removal of the public offices, records, and property. These directions have +been executed, and the public officers have since resided and conducted the +ordinary business of the Government in this place. + +I congratulate the people of the United States on the assembling of +Congress at the permanent seat of their Government, and I congratulate you, +gentlemen, on the prospect of a residence not to be changed. Although there +is cause to apprehend that accommodations are not now so complete as might +be wished, yet there is great reason to believe that this inconvenience +will cease with the present session. + +It would be unbecoming the representatives of this nation to assemble for +the first time in this solemn temple without looking up to the Supreme +Ruler of the Universe and imploring His blessing. + +May this territory be the residence of virtue and happiness! In this city +may that piety and virtue, that wisdom and magnanimity, that constancy and +self-government, which adorned the great character whose name it bears be +forever held in veneration! Here and throughout our country may simple +manners, pure morals, and true religion flourish forever! + +It is with you, gentlemen, to consider whether the local powers over the +District of Columbia vested by the Constitution in the Congress of the +United States shall be immediately exercised. If in your opinion this +important trust ought now to be executed, you can not fail while performing +it to take into view the future probable situation of the territory for the +happiness of which you are about to provide. You will consider it as the +capital of a great nation advancing with unexampled rapidity in arts, in +commerce, in wealth, and in population, and possessing within itself those +energies and resources which, if not thrown away or lamentably misdirected, +will secure to it a long course of prosperity and self-government. + +In compliance with a law of the last session of Congress, the officers and +soldiers of the temporary army have been discharged. It affords real +pleasure to recollect the honorable testimony they gave of the patriotic +motives which brought them into the service of their country, by the +readiness and regularity with which they returned to the station of private +citizens. + +It is in every point of view of such primary importance to carry the laws +into prompt and faithful execution, and to render that part of the +administration of justice which the Constitution and laws devolve on the +Federal courts as convenient to the people as may consist with their +present circumstances, that I can not omit once more to recommend to your +serious consideration the judiciary system of the United States. No subject +is more interesting than this to the public happiness, and to none can +those improvements which may have been suggested by experience be more +beneficially applied. + +A treaty of amity and commerce with the King of Prussia has been concluded +and ratified. The ratifications have been exchanged, and I have directed +the treaty to be promulgated by proclamation. + +The difficulties which suspended the execution of the 6th article of our +treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation with Great Britain have not yet +been removed. The negotiation on this subject is still depending. As it +must be for the interest and honor of both nations to adjust this +difference with good faith, I indulge confidently the expectation that the +sincere endeavors of the Government of the United States to bring it to an +amicable termination will not be disappointed. + +The envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary from the United +States to France were received by the First Consul with the respect due to +their character, and 3 persons with equal powers were appointed to treat +with them. Although at the date of the last official intelligence the +negotiation had not terminated, yet it is to be hoped that our efforts to +effect an accommodation will at length meet with a success proportioned to +the sincerity with which they have been so often repeated. + +While our best endeavors for the preservation of harmony with all nations +will continue to be used, the experience of the world and our own +experience admonish us of the insecurity of trusting too confidently to +their success. We can not, without committing a dangerous imprudence, +abandon those measures of self protection which are adapted to our +situation and to which, notwithstanding our pacific policy, the violence +and injustice of others may again compel us to resort. While our vast +extent of sea coast, the commercial and agriculture habits of our people, +the great capital they will continue to trust on the ocean, suggest the +system of defense which will be most beneficial to ourselves, our distance +from Europe and our resources for maritime strength will enable us to +employ it with effect. Seasonable and systematic arrangements, so far as +our resources will justify, for a navy adapted to defensive war, and which +may in case of necessity be quickly brought into use, seem to be as much +recommended by a wise and true economy as by a just regard for our future +tranquillity, for the safety of our shores, and for the protection of our +property committed to the ocean. + +The present Navy of the United States, called suddenly into existence by a +great national exigency, has raised us in our own esteem, and by the +protection afforded to our commerce has effected to the extent of our +expectations the objects for which it was created. + +In connection with a navy ought to be contemplated the fortification of +some of our principal sea ports and harbors. A variety of considerations, +which will readily suggest themselves, urge an attention to this measure of +precaution. To give security to our principal ports considerable sums have +already been expended, but the works remain incomplete. It is for Congress +to determine whether additional appropriations shall be made in order to +render competent to the intended purposes the fortifications which have +been commenced. + +The manufacture of arms within the United States still invites the +attention of the National Legislature. At a considerable expense to the +public this manufacture has been brought to such a state of maturity as, +with continued encouragement, will supersede the necessity of future +importations from foreign countries. + +Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +I shall direct the estimates of the appropriations necessary for the +ensuing year, together with an account of the public revenue and +expenditure to a late period, to be laid before you. I observe with much +satisfaction that the product of the revenue during the present year has +been more considerable than during any former equal period. This result +affords conclusive evidence of the great resources of this country and of +the wisdom and efficiency of the measures which have been adopted by +Congress for the protection of commerce and preservation of public credit. + +Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives: + +As one of the grand community of nations, our attention is irresistibly +drawn to the important scenes which surround us. If they have exhibited an +uncommon portion of calamity, it is the province of humanity to deplore and +of wisdom to avoid the causes which may have produced it. If, turning our +eyes homeward, we find reason to rejoice at the prospect which presents +itself; if we perceive the interior of our country prosperous, free, and +happy; if all enjoy in safety, under the protection of laws emanating only +from the general will, the fruits of their own labor, we ought to fortify +and cling to those institutions which have been the source of such real +felicity and resist with unabating perseverance the progress of those +dangerous innovations which may diminish their influence. + +To your patriotism, gentlemen, has been confided the honorable duty of +guarding the public interests; and while the past is to your country a sure +pledge that it will be faithfully discharged, permit me to assure you that +your labors to promote the general happiness will receive from me the most +zealous cooperation. + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OF ADDRESSES BY JOHN ADAMS *** + +This file should be named sujad11.txt or sujad11.zip +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, sujad12.txt +VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, sujad10a.txt + +Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we usually do not +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +We are now trying to release all our eBooks one year in advance +of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing. +Please be encouraged to tell us about any error or corrections, +even years after the official publication date. + +Please note neither this listing nor its contents are final til +midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement. +The official release date of all Project Gutenberg eBooks is at +Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A +preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment +and editing by those who wish to do so. + +Most people start at our Web sites at: +http://gutenberg.net or +http://promo.net/pg + +These Web sites include award-winning information about Project +Gutenberg, including how to donate, how to help produce our new +eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter (free!). + + +Those of you who want to download any eBook before announcement +can get to them as follows, and just download by date. This is +also a good way to get them instantly upon announcement, as the +indexes our cataloguers produce obviously take a while after an +announcement goes out in the Project Gutenberg Newsletter. + +http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext04 or +ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext04 + +Or /etext03, 02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90 + +Just search by the first five letters of the filename you want, +as it appears in our Newsletters. + + +Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) + +We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The +time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours +to get any eBook selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright +searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. Our +projected audience is one hundred million readers. If the value +per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2 +million dollars per hour in 2002 as we release over 100 new text +files per month: 1240 more eBooks in 2001 for a total of 4000+ +We are already on our way to trying for 2000 more eBooks in 2002 +If they reach just 1-2% of the world's population then the total +will reach over half a trillion eBooks given away by year's end. + +The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away 1 Trillion eBooks! +This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers, +which is only about 4% of the present number of computer users. + +Here is the briefest record of our progress (* means estimated): + +eBooks Year Month + + 1 1971 July + 10 1991 January + 100 1994 January + 1000 1997 August + 1500 1998 October + 2000 1999 December + 2500 2000 December + 3000 2001 November + 4000 2001 October/November + 6000 2002 December* + 9000 2003 November* +10000 2004 January* + + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been created +to secure a future for Project Gutenberg into the next millennium. + +We need your donations more than ever! + +As of February, 2002, contributions are being solicited from people +and organizations in: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, +Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, +Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, +Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New +Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, +Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South +Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West +Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. + +We have filed in all 50 states now, but these are the only ones +that have responded. + +As the requirements for other states are met, additions to this list +will be made and fund raising will begin in the additional states. +Please feel free to ask to check the status of your state. + +In answer to various questions we have received on this: + +We are constantly working on finishing the paperwork to legally +request donations in all 50 states. If your state is not listed and +you would like to know if we have added it since the list you have, +just ask. + +While we cannot solicit donations from people in states where we are +not yet registered, we know of no prohibition against accepting +donations from donors in these states who approach us with an offer to +donate. + +International donations are accepted, but we don't know ANYTHING about +how to make them tax-deductible, or even if they CAN be made +deductible, and don't have the staff to handle it even if there are +ways. + +Donations by check or money order may be sent to: + +Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +PMB 113 +1739 University Ave. +Oxford, MS 38655-4109 + +Contact us if you want to arrange for a wire transfer or payment +method other than by check or money order. + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been approved by +the US Internal Revenue Service as a 501(c)(3) organization with EIN +[Employee Identification Number] 64-622154. Donations are +tax-deductible to the maximum extent permitted by law. As fund-raising +requirements for other states are met, additions to this list will be +made and fund-raising will begin in the additional states. + +We need your donations more than ever! + +You can get up to date donation information online at: + +http://www.gutenberg.net/donation.html + + +*** + +If you can't reach Project Gutenberg, +you can always email directly to: + +Michael S. Hart <hart@pobox.com> + +Prof. Hart will answer or forward your message. + +We would prefer to send you information by email. + + +**The Legal Small Print** + + +(Three Pages) + +***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS**START*** +Why is this "Small Print!" statement here? You know: lawyers. +They tell us you might sue us if there is something wrong with +your copy of this eBook, even if you got it for free from +someone other than us, and even if what's wrong is not our +fault. So, among other things, this "Small Print!" statement +disclaims most of our liability to you. It also tells you how +you may distribute copies of this eBook if you want to. + +*BEFORE!* YOU USE OR READ THIS EBOOK +By using or reading any part of this PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm +eBook, you indicate that you understand, agree to and accept +this "Small Print!" statement. If you do not, you can receive +a refund of the money (if any) you paid for this eBook by +sending a request within 30 days of receiving it to the person +you got it from. If you received this eBook on a physical +medium (such as a disk), you must return it with your request. + +ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG-TM EBOOKS +This PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBook, like most PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBooks, +is a "public domain" work distributed by Professor Michael S. Hart +through the Project Gutenberg Association (the "Project"). +Among other things, this means that no one owns a United States copyright +on or for this work, so the Project (and you!) can copy and +distribute it in the United States without permission and +without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth +below, apply if you wish to copy and distribute this eBook +under the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark. + +Please do not use the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark to market +any commercial products without permission. + +To create these eBooks, the Project expends considerable +efforts to identify, transcribe and proofread public domain +works. Despite these efforts, the Project's eBooks and any +medium they may be on may contain "Defects". Among other +things, Defects may take the form of incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other +intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged +disk or other eBook medium, a computer virus, or computer +codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. + +LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES +But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below, +[1] Michael Hart and the Foundation (and any other party you may +receive this eBook from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBook) disclaims +all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including +legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR +UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT, +INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE +OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE +POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. + +If you discover a Defect in this eBook within 90 days of +receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) +you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that +time to the person you received it from. If you received it +on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and +such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement +copy. If you received it electronically, such person may +choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to +receive it electronically. + +THIS EBOOK IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS +TO THE EBOOK OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT +LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A +PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or +the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the +above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you +may have other legal rights. + +INDEMNITY +You will indemnify and hold Michael Hart, the Foundation, +and its trustees and agents, and any volunteers associated +with the production and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm +texts harmless, from all liability, cost and expense, including +legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the +following that you do or cause: [1] distribution of this eBook, +[2] alteration, modification, or addition to the eBook, +or [3] any Defect. + +DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm" +You may distribute copies of this eBook electronically, or by +disk, book or any other medium if you either delete this +"Small Print!" and all other references to Project Gutenberg, +or: + +[1] Only give exact copies of it. Among other things, this + requires that you do not remove, alter or modify the + eBook or this "small print!" statement. You may however, + if you wish, distribute this eBook in machine readable + binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form, + including any form resulting from conversion by word + processing or hypertext software, but only so long as + *EITHER*: + + [*] The eBook, when displayed, is clearly readable, and + does *not* contain characters other than those + intended by the author of the work, although tilde + (~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may + be used to convey punctuation intended by the + author, and additional characters may be used to + indicate hypertext links; OR + + [*] The eBook may be readily converted by the reader at + no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent + form by the program that displays the eBook (as is + the case, for instance, with most word processors); + OR + + [*] You provide, or agree to also provide on request at + no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the + eBook in its original plain ASCII form (or in EBCDIC + or other equivalent proprietary form). + +[2] Honor the eBook refund and replacement provisions of this + "Small Print!" statement. + +[3] Pay a trademark license fee to the Foundation of 20% of the + gross profits you derive calculated using the method you + already use to calculate your applicable taxes. If you + don't derive profits, no royalty is due. Royalties are + payable to "Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation" + the 60 days following each date you prepare (or were + legally required to prepare) your annual (or equivalent + periodic) tax return. Please contact us beforehand to + let us know your plans and to work out the details. + +WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO? +Project Gutenberg is dedicated to increasing the number of +public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed +in machine readable form. + +The Project gratefully accepts contributions of money, time, +public domain materials, or royalty free copyright licenses. +Money should be paid to the: +"Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +If you are interested in contributing scanning equipment or +software or other items, please contact Michael Hart at: +hart@pobox.com + +[Portions of this eBook's header and trailer may be reprinted only +when distributed free of all fees. Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 by +Michael S. Hart. Project Gutenberg is a TradeMark and may not be +used in any sales of Project Gutenberg eBooks or other materials be +they hardware or software or any other related product without +express permission.] + +*END THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS*Ver.02/11/02*END* diff --git a/old/sujad11.zip b/old/sujad11.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfb2f15 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/sujad11.zip |