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diff --git a/49018-0.txt b/49018-0.txt index 52c65de..9035ee4 100644 --- a/49018-0.txt +++ b/49018-0.txt @@ -1,30 +1,4 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Witness of the Stars by Ethelbert -William Bullinger - - - -This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re‐use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -http://www.gutenberg.org/license. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/49018-0.zip b/49018-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index b3920a4..0000000 --- a/49018-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/49018-8.txt b/49018-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8660756..0000000 --- a/49018-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7707 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Witness of the Stars by Ethelbert -William Bullinger - - - -This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -http://www.gutenberg.org/license. If you are not located in the United -States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located -before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The Witness of the Stars - -Author: Ethelbert William Bullinger - -Release Date: May 21, 2015 [Ebook #49018] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO 8859-1 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WITNESS OF THE STARS*** - - - - - - The Witness of the Stars - - By The - - Rev. Ethelbert William Bullinger, D.D. - - "_HE telleth the number of the stars;_ - _He giveth them all their names._" (Ps. cxlvii. 4. R.V.) - - Published by the Author - - London - - 1893 - - - - - -CONTENTS - - -Preface. -Introduction. -The First Book. The Redeemer. - Chapter I. The Sign VIRGO. - 1. COMA (The Woman and Child). - 2. CENTAURUS (The Centaur). - 3. BOTES (The Coming One). - Chapter II. The Sign LIBRA. - 1. CRUX (The Cross). - 2. LUPUS or VICTIMA (The Victim). - 3. CORONA (The Crown). - Chapter III. The Sign SCORPIO. - 1 and 2. SERPENS and OPHIUCHUS. - 3. HERCULES (The Mighty Man). - Chapter IV. The Sign SAGITTARIUS. - 1. LYRA (The Harp). - 2. ARA (The Altar). - 3. DRACO (The Dragon). -The Second Book. The Redeemed. - Chapter I. The Sign CAPRICORNUS (The Sea Goat). - 1. SAGITTA (The Arrow). - 2. AQUILA (The Eagle). - 3. DELPHINUS (The Dolphin). - Chapter II. The Sign AQUARIUS (The Water Bearer). - 1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (The Southern Fish). - 2. PEGASUS (The Winged Horse). - 3. CYGNUS (The Swan). - Chapter III. The Sign PISCES (The Fishes). - 1. THE BAND. - 2. ANDROMEDA (The Chained Woman). - 3. CEPHEUS (The King). - Chapter IV. The Sign ARIES (The Ram or Lamb). - 1. CASSIOPEIA (The Enthroned Woman). - 2. CETUS (The Sea Monster). - 3. PERSEUS ("The Breaker.") -The Third Book. The Redeemer. - Chapter I. The Sign TAURUS (The Bull). - 1. ORION (The Coming Prince). - 2. ERIDANUS (The River of the Judge). - 3. AURIGA (The Shepherd). - Chapter II. The Sign GEMINI (The Twins). - 1. LEPUS (the Hare), THE ENEMY. - 2. CANIS MAJOR (The Dog), or SIRIUS (The Prince). - 3. CANIS MINOR (The Second Dog). - Chapter III. The Sign CANCER (The Crab). - 1. URSA MINOR (The Little Bear). - 2. URSA MAJOR (The Great Bear). - 3. ARGO (The Ship). - Chapter IV. The Sign LEO (The Lion). - 1. HYDRA (The Serpent). - 2. CRATER (The Cup). - 3. CORVUS (The Raven). -Summary. -"For Signs And For Seasons." -Appendix. Note on the Sign LIBRA. -Footnotes - - - - - - - [Cover Art] - - - - - -[Transcribers Note: This e-book contains countless special symbols, and -characters from uncommon character sets. If you see unrenderable -characters, you may need to change to a font that has the needed Unicode -blocks. It uses these uncommon character sets: Greek (Unicode U+0370 -through U+03FF), Greek Extended (U+1F00 through U+1FFF), Hebrew (U+0590 -through U+05FF), and Miscellaneous Symbols (U+2600 through U+26FF). Hebrew -pointings and Greek markings are as provided in the original book, and -some differ from the usual pointings and markings for those words.] - - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Some years ago it was my privilege to enjoy the acquaintance of Miss -Frances Rolleston, of Keswick, and to carry on a correspondence with her -with respect to her work, _Mazzaroth: or, the Constellations_. She was the -first to create an interest in this important subject. Since then Dr. -Seiss, of Philadelphia, has endeavoured to popularize her work on the -other side of the Atlantic; and brief references have been made to the -subject in such books as _Moses and Geology_, by Dr. Kinns, and in -_Primeval Man_; but it was felt, for many reasons, that it was desirable -to make another effort to set forth, in a more complete form, the _witness -of the stars to prophetic truth_, so necessary in these last days. - -To the late Miss Rolleston, however, belongs the honour of collecting a -mass of information bearing on this subject; but, published as it was, -chiefly in the form of _notes_, unarranged and unindexed, it was suited -only for, but was most valuable to, the student. She it was who performed -the drudgery of collecting the facts presented by Albumazer, the Arab -astronomer to the Caliphs of Grenada, 850 A.D.; and the Tables drawn up by -Ulugh Beigh, the Tartar prince and astronomer, about 1450 A.D., who gives -the Arabian Astronomy as it had come down from the earliest times. - -Modern astronomers have preserved, and still have in common use, the -ancient names of over a hundred of the principal stars which have been -handed down; but now these names are used merely as a convenience, and -without any reference to their significance. - -This work is an attempt to popularize this ancient information, and to use -it in the interests of truth. - -For the ancient astronomical facts and the names, with their -signification, I am, from the very nature of the case, indebted, of -course, to all who have preserved, collected, and handed them down; but -for their interpretation I am alone responsible. - -It is for the readers to judge how far my conclusions are borne out by the -evidence; and how far the foundation of our hopes of coming glory are -strengthened by the prophecies which have been written in the stars of -heaven, as well as in the Scriptures of truth. - -For the illustrations I am greatly indebted to Jamieson's _Celestial -Atlas_, 1820; Flammarion's _L'toiles_; Sir John W. Lubbock's _Stars in -Six Maps_, 1883; and to the late Mr. Edward J. Cooper's _Egyptian -Scenery_, 1820. For the general presentation and arrangement of the -Constellations I am responsible, while for the drawings my thanks are due -to my friend Miss Amy Manson. - -It is the possession of "that blessed hope" of Christ's speedy return from -Heaven which will give true interest in the great subject of this book. - -No one can dispute the antiquity of the Signs of the Zodiac, or of the -Constellations. No one can question the accuracy of the ancient star-names -which have come down to us, for they are still preserved in every good -celestial atlas. And we hope that no one will be able to resist the -cumulative evidence that, apart from God's grace in Christ there is no -hope for sinners now: and apart from God's glory, as it will be manifested -in the return of Christ from Heaven, there is no hope for the Church, no -hope for Israel, no hope for the world, no hope for a groaning creation. -In spite of all the vaunted promises of a religious World, and of a -worldly Church, to remove the effects of the curse by a Social Gospel of -Sanitation, we are more and more shut up to the prophecy of Gen. iii. 15, -which we wait and long to see fulfilled in Christ as our only hope. This -is beautifully expressed by the late Dr. William Leask:-- - - - And is there none before? No perfect peace - Unbroken by the storms and cares of life, - Until the time of waiting for Him cease, - By His appearing to destroy the strife? - No, none before. - - Do we not hear that through the flag of grace - By faithful messengers of God unfurled, - All men will be converted, and the place - Of man's rebellion be a holy world? - Yes, so we hear. - - Is it not true that to the Church is given - The holy honour of dispelling night, - And bringing back the human race to heaven, - By kindling everywhere the Gospel light? - It is not true. - - Is this the hope--that Christ the Lord will come, - In all the glory of His royal right, - Redeemer and Avenger, taking home - His saints, and crushing the usurper's might? - This is the hope. - - -May the God of all grace accept and bless this effort to show forth His -glory, and use it to strengthen His people in waiting for His Son from -Heaven, even Jesus which delivered us from the wrath to come. - -Ethelbert W. Bullinger. - -_August 31st, 1893._ - - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -For more than two thousand five hundred years the world was without a -written revelation from God. The question is, Did God leave Himself -without a witness? The question is answered very positively by the written -Word that He did not. In Rom. i. 19 it is declared that, "that which may -be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath showed it unto them. For -the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world are clearly -seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power -and Godhead; so that they are without excuse." But how was God known? How -were His "invisible things," _i.e._, His plans, His purposes, and His -counsels, known since the creation of the world? We are told by the Holy -Spirit in Rom. x. 18. Having stated in _v._ 17 that "Faith cometh by -hearing and hearing by the Word ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _the thing spoken_, _sayings_) of -God," He asks, "But I say, Have they not heard? Yes, verily." And we may -ask, How have they heard? The answer follows--"Their sound went into all -the earth ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}) and their words ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _their teaching_, _message_, -_instruction_) unto the ends of the world ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~})." What words? What -instruction? Whose message? Whose teaching? There is only one answer, and -that is, THE HEAVENS! This is settled by the fact that the passage is -quoted from Ps. xix., the first part of which is occupied with the -Revelation of God written in _the Heavens_, and the latter part with the -Revelation of God written in the _Word_. - -This is the simple explanation of this beautiful Psalm. This is why its -two subjects are brought together. It has often perplexed many why there -should be that abrupt departure in verse 7--"The law of the Lord is -perfect, converting the soul." The fact is, there is nothing abrupt in it, -and it is no departure. It is simply the transition to the second of the -two great Revelations which are thus placed in juxtaposition. The first is -the Revelation of the Creator, _El_, {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, in His _works_, while the second -is the Revelation of the Covenant Jehovah, {~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, in His _Word_. And it -is noteworthy that while in the first half of the Psalm, _El_ is named -only once, in the latter half _Jehovah_ is named _seven_ times, the last -being threefold (Jehovah, Rock, and Redeemer), concluding the Psalm. - -Let us then turn to Ps. xix., and note first-- - - - - -The Structure(1) of the Psalm as a whole. - - - A | 1-4-. The Heavens. - B | -4-6. "In them" ({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}) the Sun. - A | 7-10. The Scriptures. - B | 11-14. "In them" ({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}) Thy Servant. - - -In the _Key to the Psalms_, p. 17, it is pointed out that the terms -employed in _A_ and _B_ are _astronomical_,(2) while in A and B they are -_literary_. Thus the two parts are significantly connected and united. - -Ewald and others imagine that this Psalm is made up of two fragments of -separate Psalms composed at different periods and brought together by a -later editor! - -But this is disproved not only by what has been said concerning the -structure of the Psalm as a whole, and the interlacing of the astronomical -and the literary terms in the two parts, but it is also shown by more -minute details. - -Each half consists of two portions which correspond the one to the other, -A answering to _A_, and B to _B_. Moreover, each half, as well as each -corresponding member, consists of the same number of lines; those in the -first half being, by the _csura_, short, while those in the last half are -long (or double). - - - A | 1-4-. Eight lines - B | -4-6. Six lines - _A_ | 7-10. Eight lines - _B_ | 11-14. Six lines - - -If we confine ourselves to the first half of the Psalm(3) (A and B, verses -1-6), with which we are now alone concerned, we see a still more minute -proof of Divine order and perfection. - - - - -The Structure of A and B. - - - A & B | C | 1. The heavens. - | D | 2. Their testimony: incessant. (Pos.) - | E | 3. Their words inaudible. (Neg.) - | _D_ | 4-. Their testimony: universal. (Pos.) - | _C_ | -4-6. The heavens. - - -Here we have an _introversion_, in which the extremes (C and _C_) are -occupied with the _heavens_; while the means (D, E and _D_) are occupied -with their testimony. - -The following is the full expansion of the above, with original -emendations which preserve the _order_ of the Hebrew words and thus -indicate the nature of the structure:-- - - - C | a | The heavens - b | are telling(4) - c | the glory(5) of God: - _c_ | and the work of his hands - _b_ | is setting forth(6) - _a_ | the firmament. - D | d | Day after day(7) - e | uttereth(8) speech, - _d_ | And night after night - _e_ | sheweth knowledge. - E | f | There is no speech (what is articulate) - g | and there are no words (what is audible); - _g_ | and without being audible, - _f_ | is their voice (what is articulate). - _D_ | h | Into all the earth (as created) - i | is their line(9) gone forth; - _h_ | And into the ends of the world (as inhabited) - _i_ | Their sayings. - C | j | For the sun He hath set a tent (an abode) in them; - _k_ | l | and he as a bridegroom (comparison) - m | is going forth from his canopy, (motion: its rising) - _l_ | he rejoiceth as a mighty one (comparison) - _m_ | to run his course. (Motion: its rapid course.) - _k_ | n | from the end of the heavens (egress) - o | is his going forth (egress) - _o_ | and his revolution (regress) - _n_ | unto their ends (regress): - _j_ | and there is nothing hid from his heat (_i.e._, from - him)(10) - - -Surely there is something more referred to here than a mere wonder excited -by the works of the Creator! When we read the whole passage and mark its -structure, and note the words employed, we are emphatically told that the -heavens contain a revelation from God; they prophesy, they show knowledge, -they tell of God's glory, and set forth His purposes and counsels. - -It is a remarkable fact that it is in the Book of Job, which is generally -allowed to be the oldest book in the Bible,(11) if not in the world, that -we have references to this Stellar Revelation. This would be at least -2,000 years before Christ. In that book the signs of the Zodiac and the -names of several stars and constellations are mentioned, as being ancient -and well-known. - -In Isa. xl. 26 (R.V.) we read:-- - - - "Lift up your eyes on high, - And see who hath created these, - That bringeth out their host by number: - He calleth them all by name; - By the greatness of His might, - And for that He is strong in power, - Not one is lacking." - - -We have the same evidence in Psalm cxlvii. 4. (R.V.) - - - "He telleth the number of the stars; - He giveth them all their names." - - -Here is a distinct and Divine declaration that the great Creator both -_numbered_ as well as _named_ the stars of Heaven. - -The question is, Has he revealed any of these names? Have any of them been -handed down to us? - -The answer is Yes; and that in the Bible itself we have the names (so -ancient that their meaning is a little obscure) of _Ash_ ({~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}, a name -still connected with the Great Bear), _Cesil_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}), and _Cimah_ -({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}). - -They occur in Job ix. 9: "Which maketh Arcturus (R.V. _the Bear_), Orion, -and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south." (Marg., Heb., _Ash_, -_Cesil_, and _Cimah_.) - -Job xxxviii. 31, 32: "Canst thou bind the sweet influences (R.V. cluster) -of the Pleiades (marg., _the __ seven stars_, Heb. _Cimah_), or loose the -bands of Orion (marg. Heb. _Cesil_)? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth -(marg., _the twelve signs_. R.V., 'the twelve signs': and marg., _the -signs of the Zodiac_) in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his -sons (R.V., the Bear with her train; and marg., Heb., _sons_)."(12) - -Isa. xiii. 10: ... "The stars of heaven and the constellations thereof." -... - -Amos v. 8: "Seek him that maketh the seven stars (R.V., the Pleiades) and -Orion." - -Then we have the term "Mazzaroth," Job xxxviii. 32, and "Mazzaloth," 2 -Kings xxiii. 5. The former in both versions is referred to the Twelve -Signs of the Zodiac, while the latter is rendered "planets," and in -margin, _the twelve signs or constellations_. - -Others are referred to by name. The sign of "Gemini," or the Twins, is -given as the name of a ship: Acts xxviii. 11, {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}, (_i.e._ Castor & -Pollux). - -Most commentators agree that the constellation of "Draco," or the Dragon -(between the Great and Little Bear), is referred to in Job xxvi. 13: "By -His Spirit He hath garnished the heavens; His hand hath formed the crooked -serpent (R.V. swift. Marg. _fleeing_ or _gliding_. See Is. xxvii. 1; -xliii. 14)." This word "garnished" is peculiar. The R.V. puts in the -margin, _beauty_. In Ps. xvi. 6, it is rendered _goodly_. "I have a goodly -heritage." In Dan. iv. 2, it is rendered, "I thought it good to show," -referring to "the signs and wonders" with which God had visited -Nebuchadnezzar. It appears from this that God "_thought it good to show_" -by these signs written in the heavens the wonders of His purposes and -counsels, and it was by His Spirit that He made it known; it was His hand -that _coiled_ ({~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}) the crooked serpent among the stars of heaven. - -Thus we see that the Scriptures are not silent as to the great antiquity -of the signs and constellations. - -If we turn to history and tradition, we are at once met with the fact that -the Twelve Signs are the same, both as to the meaning of their names and -as to their order _in all the ancient nations of the world_. The Chinese, -Chaldean, and Egyptian records go back to more than 2,000 years B.C. -Indeed, the Zodiacs in the Temples of Denderah and Esnh, in Egypt, are -doubtless copies of Zodiacs still more ancient, which, from internal -evidence, must be placed nearly 4,000 B.C., when the summer solstice was -in Leo. - -Josephus hands down to us what he gives as the traditions of his own -nation, corroborated by his reference to eight ancient Gentile -authorities, whose works are lost. He says that they all assert that "God -gave the antediluvians such long life that they might perfect those things -which they had invented in astronomy." Cassini commences his _History of -Astronomy_ by saying "It is impossible to doubt that astronomy was -invented from the beginning of the world; history, profane as well as -sacred, testifies to this truth." Nouet, a French astronomer, infers that -the Egyptian Astronomy must have arisen 5,400 B.C.! - -Ancient Persian and Arabian traditions ascribe its invention to Adam, -Seth, and Enoch. Josephus asserts that it originated in the family of -Seth; and he says that the children of Seth, and especially Adam, Seth, -and Enoch, that their revelation might not be lost as to the two coming -judgments of Water and Fire, made two pillars (one of brick, the other of -stone), describing the whole of the predictions of the stars upon them, -and in case the brick pillar should be destroyed by the flood, the stone -would preserve the revelation (Book i. chs. 1-3). - -This is what is doubtless meant by Gen. xi. 4, "And they said, Go to, let -us build us a city and a tower whose top _may reach_ unto heaven." The -words "_may reach_" are in italics. There is nothing in the verse which -relates to the height of this tower. It merely says {~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~} {~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}, -_and his top with the heavens_, _i.e._ with the pictures and the stars, -just as we find them in the ancient temples of Denderah and Esnh in -Egypt. This tower, with its planisphere and pictures of the signs and -constellations, was to be erected like those temples were afterwards, in -order to preserve the revelation, "lest we be scattered abroad upon the -face of the whole earth." - -This is corroborated by Lieut.-Gen. Chesney, well known for his learned -researches and excavations among the ruins of Babylon, who, after -describing his various discoveries, says,(13) "About five miles S.W. of -Hillah, the most remarkable of all the ruins, the _Birs Nimroud_ of the -Arabs, rises to a height of 153 feet above the plain from a base covering -a square of 400 feet, or almost four acres. It was constructed of kiln- -dried bricks in seven stages to correspond with the planets to which they -were dedicated: the lowermost black, the colour of Saturn; the next -orange, for Jupiter; the third red, for Mars; and so on.(14) These stages -were surmounted by a lofty tower on the summit of which, we are told, were -the signs of the Zodiac and other astronomical figures; thus having (as it -should have been translated) _a representation of the heavens_, instead of -'a top which reached unto heaven.' " - -This Biblical evidence carries us at once right back to the Flood, or -about 2,500 years B.C. - -This tower or temple, or both, was also called "_The Seven Spheres_," -according to some; and "The Seven Lights," according to others. It is thus -clear that the popular idea of its height and purpose must be abandoned, -and its astronomical reference to revelation must be admitted. The tower -was an attempt to preserve and hand down the antediluvian traditions; -their sin was in keeping together instead of scattering themselves over -the earth. - -Another important statement is made by Dr. Budge, of the British -Museum.(15) He says, "It must never be forgotten that the Babylonians were -a nation of star-gazers, and that they kept a body of men to do nothing -else but report eclipses, appearances of the moon, sun-spots, etc., etc." - -"Astronomy, mixed with astrology, occupied a large number of tablets in -the Babylonian libraries, and Isaiah, xlvii. 13, refers to this when he -says to Babylon, 'Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels. Let -now thy astrologers (marg. _viewers of the heavens_), the star-gazers, the -monthly prognosticators stand up.' The largest astrological work of the -Babylonians contained seventy tablets, and was compiled by the command of -Sargon of Agade thirty-eight hundred years before Christ! It was called -the 'Illumination of Bel.' " - -"Their observations were made in towers called 'ziggurats' " (p. 106). - -"They built observatories in all the great cities, and reports like the -above [which Dr. Budge gives in full] were regularly sent to the King" (p. -110). - -"They were able to calculate eclipses, and had long lists of them." "They -found out that the sun was spotted, and they knew of comets." "They were -the inventors of the Zodiac" (?). There are fragments of two (ancient -Babylonian) planispheres in the British Museum with figures and -calculations inscribed upon them. "The months were called after the signs -of the Zodiac" (p. 109). - -We may form some idea of what this "representation of the heavens" was -from the fifth "Creation Tablet," now in the British Museum. It reads as -follows:-- - - - "Anu [_the Creator_] made excellent the mansions [_i.e._ _the - celestial houses_] of the great gods [twelve] in number [_i.e._ - _the twelve signs or mansions of the sun_]. - - The stars he placed in them. The lumasi [_i.e._ _groups of stars - or figures_] he fixed. - - He arranged the year according to the bounds [_i.e._ _the twelve - signs_] which he defined. - - For each of the twelve months three rows of stars [_i.e._ - _constellations_] he fixed. - - From the day when the year issues forth unto the close, he marked - the mansions [_i.e._ _the Zodiacal Signs_] of the wandering stars - [_i.e._ _planets_] to know their courses that they might not err - or deflect at all." - - -Coming down to less ancient records: EUDOXOS, an astronomer of Cnidus (403 -to 350 B.C.), wrote a work on Astronomy which he called _Phainomena_. -ANTIGONUS GONATAS, King of Macedonia (273-239 B.C.), requested the Poet -ARATUS to put the work of EUDOXUS into the form of a poem, which he did -about the year 270 B.C. ARATUS called his work _Diosemeia (the Divine -Signs)_. He was a native of Tarsus, and it is interesting for us to note -that his poem was known to, and, indeed, must have been read by, the -Apostle Paul, for he quotes it in his address at Athens on Mars' Hill. He -says (Acts xvii. 28), "For in Him we live, and move, and have our being; -as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his -offspring."(16) Several translations of this poem have been made, both by -CICERO and others, into Latin, and in recent times into English by E. -Poste, J. Lamb, and others. The following is the opening from the -translation of Robert Brown, jun.:-- - - - "From Zeus we lead the strain; he whom mankind - Ne'er leave unhymned: of Zeus all public ways, - All haunts of men, are full; and full the sea, - And harbours; and of Zeus all stand in need. - _We are his offspring_:(17) and he, ever good and mild to man, - Gives favouring signs, and rouses us to toil. - Calling to mind life's wants: when clods are best - For plough and mattock: when the time is ripe - For planting vines and sowing seeds, he tells, - Since he himself hath fixed in heaven these Signs, - The stars dividing: and throughout the year - Stars he provides to indicate to man - The seasons' course, that all things duly grow," etc., etc. - - -Then ARATUS proceeds to describe and explain all the Signs and -Constellations as the Greeks in his day understood, or rather -misunderstood, them, after their true meaning and testimony had been -forgotten. - -Moreover, ARATUS describes them, not as they were seen in his day, but as -they were seen some 4,000 years before. The stars were not seen from -Tarsus as he describes them, and he must therefore have written from a -then ancient Zodiac. For notwithstanding that we speak of "fixed stars," -there is a constant, though slow, change taking place amongst them. There -is also another change taking place owing to the slow recession of the -pole of the heavens (about 50" in the year); so that while _Alpha_ in the -constellation of _Draco_ was the Polar Star when the Zodiac was first -formed, the Polar Star is now _Alpha_ in what is called _Ursa Minor_. This -change alone carries us back at least 5,000 years. The same movement which -has changed the relative position of these two stars has also caused the -constellation of the _Southern Cross_ to become invisible in northern -latitudes. When the constellations were formed the _Southern Cross_ was -visible in N. latitude 40, and was included in their number. But, though -known by tradition, it had not been seen in that latitude for some twenty -centuries, until the Cape of Good Hope had been discovered. Then was seen -again _The Southern Cross_ depicted by the Patriarchs. Here is another -indisputable proof as to the antiquity of the formation of the Zodiac. - -PTOLEMY (150 A.D.) transmits them from HPPARCHUS (130 B.C.) "as of -unquestioned authority, unknown origin, and unsearchable antiquity." - -Sir William Drummond says that "the traditions of the Chaldean Astronomy -seem the fragments of a mighty system fallen into ruins." - -The word _Zodiac_ itself is from the Greek {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, which is not from -{~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}, _to live_, but from a primitive root through the Hebrew _Sodi_, which -in Sanscrit means _a way_. Its etymology has no connection with _living -creatures_, but denotes _a way_, or _step_, and is used of the _way_ or -_path_ in which the sun appears to move amongst the stars in the course of -the year. - -To an observer on the earth the whole firmament, together with the sun, -appears to revolve in a circle once in twenty-four hours. But the time -occupied by the stars in going round, differs from the time occupied by -the sun. This difference amounts to about one-twelfth part of the whole -circle in each month, so that when the circle of the heavens is divided up -into twelve parts, the sun appears to move each month through one of them. -This path which the sun thus makes amongst the stars is called the -_Ecliptic_.(18) - -Each of these twelve parts (consisting each of about 30 degrees) is -distinguished, not by numbers or by letters, but by pictures and names, -and this, as we have seen, from the very earliest times. They are -preserved to the present day in our almanacs, and we are taught their -order in the familiar rhymes:-- - - - "The RAM, the BULL, the heavenly TWINS, - And next the CRAB, the LION shines, - The VIRGIN and the SCALES; - The SCORPION, ARCHER, and SEA-GOAT, - The MAN that carries the Water-pot, - And FISH with glittering scales." - - -These signs have always and everywhere been preserved in this order, and -have begun with ARIES. They have been known amongst all nations, and in -all ages, thus proving their common origin from one source. - -The figures themselves are perfectly arbitrary. There is nothing in the -groups of stars to even suggest the figures. This is the first thing which -is noticed by every one who looks at the constellations. Take for example -the sign of VIRGO, and look at the stars. There is nothing whatever to -suggest a human form; still less is there anything to show whether that -form is a man or a woman. And so with all the others. - -The _picture_, therefore, is the original, and must have been drawn around -or connected with certain stars, simply in order that it might be -identified and associated with them; and that it might thus be remembered -and handed down to posterity. - -There can be no doubt, as the learned Authoress of _Mazzaroth_ -conclusively proves, that these signs were afterwards identified with the -twelve sons of Jacob. Joseph sees the sun and moon and eleven stars bowing -down to him, he himself being the twelfth (Gen. xxxvii. 9). The blessing -of Jacob (Gen. xlix.) and the blessing of Moses (Deut. xxxiii.) both bear -witness to the existence of these signs in their day. And it is more than -probable that each of the Twelve Tribes bore one of them on its standard. -We read in Num. ii. 2, "Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by -his own STANDARD, with the ENSIGN of their father's house" (R.V. "with the -ensigns of their fathers' houses"). This "Standard" was the _Degel_ -({~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER GIMEL~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}) on which the "Sign" ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _Oth_) was depicted. Hence it was -called the "_En-sign_." Ancient Jewish authorities declare that each tribe -had one of the signs as its own, and it is highly probable, even from -Scripture, that four of the tribes carried its "Sign"; and that these four -were placed at the four sides of the camp. - -If the Lion were appropriated to Judah, then the other three would be thus -fixed, and would be the same four that equally divide the Zodiac at its -four cardinal points. According to Num. ii. the camp was thus formed:-- - - - In the North, from North-West to North-East: - ASHER (_Sagittarius_). - DAN, The Scorpion (_Scorpio_). - NEPHTALI (_Capricornus_). - In the East, from North-East to South-East: - ISSACHAR (_Cancer_). - JUDAH, The Lion (_Leo_). - ZEBULON (_Virgo_). - In the South, from South-East to South-West: - SIMEON (_Pisces_). - REUBEN, The Man (_Aquarius_). - GAD (_Aries_). - In the West, from South-West to North-West: - EPHRAIM and MANASSEH, The Bull (the two horns of _Taurus_). - BENJAMIN (_Gemini_). - In the Center: - LEVI, The Scales (_Libra_). - - -If the reader compares the above with the blessings of Israel and Moses, -and compares the meanings and descriptions given below with those -blessings, the connection will be clearly seen. Levi, for example, had no -standard, and he needed none, for he kept "the balance of the Sanctuary," -and had the charge of that brazen altar on which the atoning blood -outweighed the nation's sins. - -The four great signs which thus marked the four sides of the camp, and the -four quarters of the Zodiac, are the same four which form the Cherubim -(the Eagle, the Scorpion's enemy, being substituted for the Scorpion). The -Cherubim thus form a compendious expression of the hope of Creation, -which, from the very first, has been bound up with the Coming One, who -alone should cause its groanings to cease. - -But this brings us to the Signs themselves and their interpretation. - -These pictures were designed to preserve, expound, and perpetuate the one -first great promise and prophecy of Gen. iii. 15, that all hope for Man, -all hope for Creation, was bound up in _a coming Redeemer_; One who should -be born of a woman; who should first suffer, and afterwards gloriously -triumph; One who should first be wounded by that great enemy who was the -cause of all sin and sorrow and death, but who should finally crush the -head of "that Old Serpent the Devil." - -These ancient star-pictures reveal this Coming One. They set forth "the -sufferings of Christ and the glory that should follow." Altogether there -are forty-eight of them, made up of twelve SIGNS, each sign containing -three CONSTELLATIONS. - -These may be divided into _three_ great books, each book containing four -chapters (or Signs); and each chapter containing three sections (or -Constellations). - -Each book (like the four Gospels) sets forth its peculiar aspect of the -Coming One; beginning with the promise of His coming, and ending with the -destruction of the enemy. - -But where are we to _begin_ to read this wondrous Heavenly Scroll? A -circle has proverbially neither beginning nor end. In what order then are -we to consider these signs? In the heavens they form a never-ending -circle. Where is the beginning and where is the end of this circle through -which the sun is constantly moving? Where are we to break into this -circle? and say, _This is the commencement_. It is clear that unless we -can determine this original starting point we can never read this wondrous -book aright. - -As I have said, the popular beginning to-day is with ARIES, _the_ Ram. But -comparing this Revelation with that which was afterwards written "in the -Volume of the Book," VIRGO is the only point where we can intelligently -begin, and LEO is the only point where we can logically conclude. Is not -this what is spoken of as the unknown and insoluble mystery--"The riddle of -the SPHINX"? The word "Sphinx" is from {~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}, _to bind closely together_. -It was therefore designed to show where the two ends of the Zodiac were to -be joined together, and where the great circle of the heavens begins and -ends. - - [Ceiling of Portico of Temple of Esneh] - - Signs of Leo and Virgo, from the ceiling of the Portico of the Temple of - Esneh, showing the Sphinx between, uniting the beginning and end of the - Zodiac. - - -The SPHINX is a figure with the _head of a woman_ and the _body of a -lion_! What is this but a never-ceasing monitor, telling us to begin with -_Virgo_ and to end with _Leo_! In the Zodiac in the Temple of Esnh, in -Egypt, a Sphinx is actually placed between the Signs of Virgo and Leo, as -shown in the illustration on the preceding page. It is a tracing from the -drawing of Signor Bossi, executed on the spot, under the direction of the -late Mr. Edward J. Cooper, in 1820. - -Beginning, then, with VIRGO, let us now spread out the contents of this -Heavenly Volume, so that the eye can take them in at a glance. Of course -we are greatly hindered in this, in having to use the modern Latin names -which the Constellations bear to-day.(19) Some of these names are -mistakes, others are gross perversions of the truth, as proved by the -pictures themselves, which are far more ancient, and have come down to us -from primitive times. - -After the Revelation came to be written down in the Scriptures, there was -not the same need for the preservation of the Heavenly Volume. And after -the nations had lost the original meaning of the pictures, they invented a -meaning out of the vain imagination of the thoughts of their hearts. The -Greek Mythology is an interpretation of (only some of) the signs and -constellations after their true meaning had been forgotten. It is -popularly believed that Bible truth is an evolution from, or development -of, the ancient religions of the world. But the fact is that they -themselves are a _corruption_ and _perversion of primitive truth_! - -We will now give _the contents_ of this Heavenly Volume of Divine -Revelation, and afterwards proceed to develope it, explain it in detail, -and compare it with the same truth which was afterwards written down in -the Scriptures. - - - The First Book. - THE REDEEMER. - (HIS FIRST COMING.) - "The Sufferings of Christ." - - CHAPTER I. - THE PROPHECY OF THE PROMISED SEED OF THE WOMAN. - - VIRGO (_The Virgin. A woman bearing a branch in her right hand and - an ear of corn in her left_). The Promised Seed of the woman. - - 1. COMA (_The Desired. The woman and child_). The Desired of all - nations. - - 2. CENTAURUS (_The Centaur with two natures, holding a spear - piercing a victim_). The despised sin offering. - - 3. BOTES (_a man walking bearing a branch called_ ARCTURUS, - _meaning the same_). He cometh. - - CHAPTER II. - THE REDEEMER'S ATONING WORK. - - LIBRA (_The Scales_). The price deficient balanced by the price - which covers. - - 1. CRUX, The Cross endured. - - 2. LUPUS, or VICTIMA, _The Victim_ slain. - - 3. CORONA, _The Crown_ bestowed. - - CHAPTER III. - THE REDEEMER'S CONFLICT. - - SCORPIO (_The Scorpion_) seeking to wound, but itself trodden - under foot. - - 1. SERPENS (_The Serpent_ struggling with the man). - - 2. O-PHI-U-CHUS (_The man_ grasping the serpent). The struggle - with the enemy. - - 3. HERCULES (_The mighty man. A man kneeling on one knee, - humbled in the conflict, but holding aloft the tokens of victory, - with his foot on the head of the Dragon_). The mighty Vanquisher - seeming to sink in the conflict. - - CHAPTER IV. - THE REDEEMER'S TRIUMPH. - - SAGITTARIUS (_The Archer_). The Two-natured Conqueror going forth - "Conquering and to conquer." - - 1. LYRA (_The Harp_). Praise prepared for the Conqueror. - - 2. ARA (_The Altar_). Consuming fire prepared for His enemies. - - 3. DRACO (_The Dragon_). The Old Serpent--the Devil, cast down - from heaven. - - The Second Book. - THE REDEEMED. - THE RESULT OF THE REDEEMER'S SUFFERINGS. - - CHAPTER I. - THEIR BLESSINGS PROCURED. - - CAPRICORNUS (_The fish-goat_). The goat of Atonement slain for the - Redeemed. - - 1. SAGITTA (_The Arrow_). The arrow of God sent forth. - - 2. AQUILA (_The Eagle_). The smitten One falling. - - 3. DELPHINUS (_The Dolphin_). The dead One rising again. - - CHAPTER II. - THEIR BLESSINGS ENSURED. - - AQUARIUS (_The Water-Bearer_): The living waters of blessing - poured forth for the Redeemed. - - 1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (_The Southern Fish_). The blessings - bestowed. - - 2. PEGASUS (_The Winged Horse_). The blessings quickly coming. - - 3. CYGNUS (_The Swan_). The Blesser surely returning. - - CHAPTER III. - THEIR BLESSINGS IN ABEYANCE. - - PISCES (_The Fishes_). The Redeemed blessed though bound. - - 1. THE BAND--bound, but binding their great enemy Cetus, the sea - monster. - - 2. ANDROMEDA (_The Chained Woman_). The Redeemed in their - bondage and affliction. - - 3. CEPHEUS (_The King_). Their Redeemer coming to rule. - - CHAPTER IV. - THEIR BLESSINGS CONSUMMATED AND ENJOYED. - - ARIES (_The Ram or Lamb_). The Lamb that was slain, prepared for - the victory. - - 1. CASSIOPEIA (_The Enthroned Woman_). The captive delivered, - and preparing for her husband, the Redeemer. - - 2. CETUS (_The Sea Monster_). The great enemy bound. - - 3. PERSEUS (_The Breaker_). Delivering His redeemed. - - The Third Book. - THE REDEEMER. - (HIS SECOND COMING.) - "The glory that should follow." - - CHAPTER I. - MESSIAH, THE COMING JUDGE OF ALL THE EARTH. - - TAURUS (_The Bull_). Messiah coming to rule. - - 1. ORION, _Light breaking forth_ in the person of the Redeemer. - - 2. ERIDANUS (_The River of the Judge_). Wrath breaking forth for - His enemies. - - 3. AURIGA (_The Shepherd_). Safety for the Redeemed in the day - of that wrath. - - CHAPTER II. - MESSIAH'S REIGN AS PRINCE OF PEACE. - - GEMINI (The Twins). The twofold nature of the King. - - 1. LEPUS (_The Hare_), or THE ENEMY trodden under foot. - - 2. CANIS MAJOR (_The Dog_), or SIRIUS, the coming glorious - Prince of Princes. - - 3. CANIS MINOR (_The Second Dog_), or PROCYON, the exalted - Redeemer. - - CHAPTER III. - MESSIAH'S REDEEMED POSSESSIONS. - - CANCER (The Crab). The possessions held fast. - - 1. URSA MINOR (_The Lesser Bear_). The lesser sheepfold. - - 2. URSA MAJOR (_The Great Bear_). The fold and the flock. - - 3. ARGO (_The Ship_). The redeemed pilgrims safe at home. - - CHAPTER IV. - MESSIAH'S CONSUMMATED TRIUMPH. - - LEO (_The Lion_). The Lion of the Tribe of Judah aroused for the - rending of the Enemy. - - 1. HYDRA (_The Serpent_). That old Serpent--the Devil, destroyed. - - 2. CRATER (_The Cup_). The cup of Divine wrath poured out upon - him. - - 3. CORVUS (_The Crow, or Raven_). Birds of prey devouring him. - - -Such are the contents of this wondrous book that is written in the -heavens. Thus has God been speaking and emphasizing and developing His -first great prophetic promise of Gen. iii. 15. - -Though for more than 2,500 years His people had not this Revelation -written in a book as we now have it in the Bible, they were not left in -ignorance and darkness as to God's purposes and counsels; nor were they -without hope as to ultimate deliverance from all evil and from the Evil -One. - -Adam, who first heard that wondrous promise, repeated it, and gave it to -his posterity as a most precious heritage--the ground of all their faith, -the substance of all their hope, the object of all their desire. Seth and -Enoch took it up. Enoch, we know, prophesied of the Lord's coming, saying, -"Behold the Lord cometh with ten thousands of His saints to execute -judgment upon all" (Jude 14). How could these "holy prophets, since the -world began," have recorded their prophecies better, or more effectually, -or more truthfully and powerfully, than in these star-pictures and their -interpretation? This becomes a certainty when we remember the words of the -Holy Spirit by Zacharias (Luke i. 67-70):-- - - - "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; - For He hath visited and redeemed His people, - And hath raised up a horn of salvation for us - In the house of His servant David; - As He spake by the mouth of HIS HOLY PROPHETS - WHICH HAVE BEEN SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN." - - -The same truth is revealed through Peter, in Acts iii. 20, 21:--"He shall -send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you; whom the heaven -must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath -spoken by the mouth of all HIS HOLY PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN." - -These words have new meaning for us, if we see the things which were -spoken "since the world began," thus written in the heavens, which utter -speech (_i.e._ prophecy), and show forth this knowledge day after day and -night after night, the heritage of all the earth, and their words reaching -unto the ends of the world. - -This Revelation, coinciding as it does in all its facts and truths with -that afterwards recorded "in the Volume of the Book," must have had the -same Divine origin, must have been made known by the inspiration of the -same Holy Spirit. - -We now proceed to compare the two, and we shall see how they agree at -every point, proving that the source and origin of this Divine Revelation -is one and the same. - - - - - -THE FIRST BOOK. THE REDEEMER. - - - (_His First Coming_.) - - "The Sufferings of Christ." - -The First Book is occupied with the PERSON of the Coming One. It covers -the whole ground, and includes the conflict and the victory of the -Promised Seed, but with special emphasis on His Coming. The book opens -with the promise of His coming, and it closes with the Dragon cast down -from heaven. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign VIRGO. - - - _The Promised Seed of the Woman_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 1: Virgo (the Virgin) - - -Here is the commencement of all prophecy in Gen. iii. 15, spoken to the -serpent:--"I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy -seed and her seed: it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise His -heel." This is the prophetic announcement which the Revelation in the -heavens and in the Book is designed to unfold and develope. It lies at the -root of all the ancient traditions and mythologies, which are simply the -perversion and corruption of primitive truth. - -VIRGO is represented as a woman with a _branch_ in her right hand, and -some ears of corn in her left hand. Thus giving a two-fold testimony of -the Coming One. - -The name of this sign in the Hebrew is _Bethulah_, which means _a virgin_, -and in the Arabic _a branch_. The two words are connected, as in -Latin--_Virgo_, which means _a virgin_; and _virga_, which means _a branch_ -(Vulg. Isa. xi. 1). Another name is _Sunbul_, Arabic, _an ear of corn_. - -In Gen. iii. 15 she is presented only as a woman; but in later prophecies -her nationality is defined as being of the stock of Israel, the seed of -Abraham, the line of David; and, further, she is to be a virgin. There are -two prominent prophecies of her and her seed: one is connected with the -first coming in incarnation, Isa. vii. 14 (quoted in Matt. i. 23.) - - - "Behold, a virgin shall conceive and bear a son, - And shall call his name Immanuel." - - -The other is connected with His second coming, leaping over the sufferings -and this present interval of His rejection, and looking forward to His -coming in glory and judgment, Isa. ix. 6, 7 (quoted in Luke ii. 11 and i. -32, 33)-- - - - "For unto us a child is born, - Unto us a son is given;(20) - And the government shall be upon His shoulder; - And His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, - The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. - Of the increase of His government there shall be no end. - Upon the throne of David, and upon His kingdom, - To order it, and to establish it - With judgment and with justice - From henceforth even for ever. - The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this." - - -It is difficult to separate the Virgin and her Seed in the prophecy, and -so, here, we have first the sign VIRGO, where the name points to her as -the prominent subject; while in the first of the three constellations of -this sign, where the woman appears again, the name COMA points to the -child as the great subject. - -_Virgo_ contains 110 stars, _viz._, one of the 1st magnitude, six of the -3rd, ten of the 4th, etc. - -ARATUS thus sings of them:-- - - - "Beneath Botes feet the Virgin seek, - Who carries in her hand a glittering spike.... - Over her shoulder there revolves a star - In the right wing, superlatively bright;(21) - It rolls beneath the tail, and may compare - With the bright stars that deck the Greater Bear. - Upon her shoulder one bright star is borne,(22) - One clasps the circling girdle of her loins,(23) - One at her bending knee;(24) and in her hand - Glitters that bright and golden Ear of Corn.(25) - - -Thus the brightest star in Virgo ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~})(26) has an ancient name, handed down -to us in all the star-maps, in which the Hebrew word ({~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER HET~}) _Tsemech_ is -preserved. It is called in Arabic _Al Zimach_, which means _the branch_. -This star is in the ear of corn which she holds in her left hand. Hence -the star has a modern Latin name, which has almost superseded the ancient -one, _Spica_, which means, _an ear of corn_. But this hides the great -truth revealed by its name _Al Zimach_. It foretold the coming of Him who -should bear this name. The same Divine inspiration has, in the written -Word, four times connected it with Him. There are twenty Hebrew words -translated "Branch," but only one of them (_Tsemech_) is used exclusively -of the Messiah, and this word only four times.(27)Each of these further -connects Him with one special account of Him, given in the Gospels. - -(1.) Jer. xxiii. 5, 6-- - - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will raise unto David a righteous BRANCH - (_i.e._, a Son), - And a KING shall reign and prosper." - - -The account of His coming as King is written in the Gospel according to -Matthew, where Jehovah says to Israel, "Behold thy KING." (Zech. ix. 9; -Matt. xxi. 9.) - -(2.) Zech. iii. 8.--"Behold I will bring forth my SERVANT the BRANCH." In -the Gospel according to Mark we find the record of Jehovah's servant and -His service, and we hear Jehovah's voice saying, "Behold my SERVANT." -(Isa. xlii. 1.) - -(3.) Zech. vi. 12.--"Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the -MAN whose name is the BRANCH." In the Gospel according to Luke we behold -Him, presented in "the MAN Christ Jesus." - -(4.) Isa. iv. 2.--"In that day shall the BRANCH of JEHOVAH be beautiful and -glorious." So that this Branch, this Son, is Jehovah Himself; and as we -read the record of John we hear the voice from heaven saying, "Behold your -GOD." (Isa. xl. 9.) - -This is the Branch foretold by the star _Al Zimach_ in the ear of corn. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is called _Zavijaveh_, which means _the gloriously beautiful_, -as in Isa. iv. 2. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, in the arm bearing the branch, is called _Al -Mureddin_, which means _who shall come down_ (as in Ps. lxxii. 8), or _who -shall have dominion_. It is also known as _Vindemiatrix_, a Chaldee word -which means _the son_, or _branch_, _who cometh_. - -Other names of stars in the sign, not identified, are-- - -_Subilah, who carries_. (Isa. xlvi. 4.) - -_Al Azal, the Branch_. (As in Isa. xviii. 5.) - -_Subilon, a spike of corn_. (As in Isa. xvii. 5.) - -The Greeks, ignorant of the Divine origin and teaching of the sign, -represented Virgo as _Ceres_, with ears of corn in her hand. - -In the Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt, about 2000 B.C. (now in -Paris), she is likewise represented with a branch in her hand, but -ignorantly explained by a false religion to represent _Isis_! Her name is -called _Aspolia_, which means _ears of corn_, or _the seed_, which shows -that though the woman is seen, it is her Seed who is the great subject of -the prophecy. - -Passing to the three constellations anciently assigned to the sign Virgo, -we come to what may be compared to _three sections_ of the chapter, each -giving some further detail as to the interpretation of its teaching. - - - -1. COMA (The Woman and Child). - - - _The Desired of all Nations._ - -The first constellation in Virgo explains that this coming "Branch" will -be a child, and that He should be the "Desire of all nations." - -The ancient name of this constellation is _Comah_,(28) _the desired_, or -_the longed for_. We have the word used by the Holy Spirit in this very -connection, in Hag. ii. 7: "The DESIRE of all nations shall come." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 2: Coma (the Desired) - - -The ancient Zodiacs pictured this constellation as a woman with a child in -her arms. ALBUMAZAR(29) (or ABU MASHER), an Arabian astronomer of the -eighth century, says, "There arises in the first Decan,(30) as the -Persians, Chaldeans, and Egyptians, and the two HERMES and ASCALIUS teach, -_a young woman_, whose Persian name denotes a pure virgin, sitting on a -throne, _nourishing an infant boy_ (the boy, I say), having a Hebrew name, -by some nations called IHESU, with the signification IEZA, which in Greek -is called CHRISTOS." - -But this picture is not found in any of the _modern_ maps of the stars. -There we find to-day a woman's wig! It appears that BERENICE, the wife of -EUERGETES (PTOLEMY III.), king of Egypt in the third century B.C., when -her husband once went on a dangerous expedition, vowed to consecrate her -fine head of hair to Venus if he returned in safety. Her hair, which was -hung up in the Temple of Venus, was subsequently stolen, and to comfort -BERENICE, CONON, an astronomer of Alexandria (B.C. 283-222), gave it out -that Jupiter had taken it and made it a constellation! - -This is a good example of how the meaning of other constellations have -been perverted (ignorantly or intentionally). In this case, as in others, -the transition from ancient to more modern languages helped to hide the -meaning. The Hebrew name was COMA (_desired_). But the Greeks had a word -for hair, _C-me_. This again is transferred to the Latin _coma_, and thus -"_Coma Berenic_" (_the hair of Berenice_) comes down to us to-day as the -name of this constellation, and gives us a woman's wig instead of that -Blessed One, "the Desire of all Nations." - -In this case, however, we are able to give absolute proof that this is a -perversion. - -The ancient Egyptian name for this constellation was _Shes-nu, the desired -son_! - -The Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt, going back at least 2,000 -years B.C., has no trace of any hair, but it has the figure of a woman and -child. In our illustration we have given a copy of this very ancient -picture, and not the wig of hair! - -We have been permitted to trace it from a work on _Egyptian Scenery_ by -the late eminent astronomer, Edward J. Cooper, of Markree Castle, co. -Sligo, who visited that Temple in the year 1820 with an Italian artist, -Signor Bossi. The original drawing from which our tracing is made (and -enlarged) was drawn by Signor Bossi on the spot, before it was taken to -Paris in 1821.(31) We thus have before us the exact representations of one -of these star-pictures at least 4,000 years old. - -Even Shakespeare understood the truth about this constellation picture, -which has been so long covered by modern inventions. In his _Titus -Andronicus_(32) he speaks of an arrow being shot up to heaven to the -"_Good boy in Virgo's lap._" - -The constellation itself is very remarkable. Others contain one or two -stars of the first or second magnitude, and then a greater or less variety -of lesser stars; but this is peculiar from having no one very bright star, -but contains so many stars of the 4th and 5th magnitudes. It contains 43 -stars altogether, ten being of the 4th magnitude, and the remainder of the -5th, 6th, etc. - -It was in all probability the constellation of _Coma_ in which "the Star -of Bethlehem" appeared. There was a traditional prophecy, well-known in -the East, carefully preserved and handed down, that a new star would -appear in this sign when He whom it foretold should be born. - -This was, doubtless, referred to in the prophecy of Balaam, which would -thus receive a double fulfilment, first of the literal "Star," and also of -the person to whom it referred. The Lord said by Balaam (Num. xxiv. 17), - - - "There shall come(33) a star out of Jacob, - And a sceptre shall rise out of Israel." - - -Thomas Hyde, an eminent Orientalist (1636-1703), writing on the ancient -religion of the Persians, quotes from ABULFARAGIUS (an Arab Christian -Historian, 1226-1286), who says that ZOROASTER, or ZERDUSHT, the Persian, -was a pupil of Daniel the Prophet, and that he predicted to the Magians -(who were the astronomers of Persia), that when they should see _a new -star_ appear it would notify the birth of a mysterious child, whom they -were to adore. It is further stated in the _Zend Avesta_ that this new -star was to appear in the sign of the Virgin. Some have supposed that this -passage is not genuine. But whether it was interpolated before or after -the event, it is equally good evidence for our purpose here. For if it was -written _before_ the event, it is evidence of the _prophetic -announcement_; and if it was interpolated _after_ the event it is evidence -of the _historic fact_. - -The Book of Job shows us how Astronomy flourished in Idumea; and the -Gospel according to Matthew shows that the Persian Magi, as well as -others, were looking for "the Desire of all nations." - -New stars have appeared again and again. It was in 125 B.C. that a star, -so bright as to be seen in the day-time, suddenly appeared. It was this -that caused HIPPARCHUS to draw up his catalogue of stars, which has been -handed down to us by PTOLEMY (150 A.D.). - -This new star would show the _latitude_, passing at that time immediately -overhead at midnight, every twenty-four hours; while the prophecy would -give the _longitude_ as the land of Jacob. Having these two factors, it -would be only a matter of observation, and easy for the Magi to find the -place where it would be vertical, and thus to locate the very spot of the -birth of Him of whom it was the sign, for they emphatically called it "His -Star." There is a beautiful tradition which relates how, in their -difficulty, on their way from Jerusalem to find the actual spot under the -_Zenith_ of this star, these Magi sat down beside David's "Well of -Bethlehem" to refresh themselves. There they saw the star reflected in the -clear water of the well. Hence it is written that "when they saw the star -they rejoiced with exceeding joy," for they knew they were at the very -spot and place of His appearing whence He was to "come forth." - -There can be little doubt that it was _a new star_. In the first place a -new star is no unusual phenomenon. In the second place the tradition is -well supported by ancient Christian writers. One speaks of its "surpassing -brightness." Another (IGNATIUS, Bp. of Antioch, A.D. 69) says, "At the -appearance of the Lord a star shone forth brighter than all the other -stars." IGNATIUS, doubtless, had this from those who had actually seen it! -PRUDENTIUS (4th cent. A.D.) says that not even the morning star was so -fair. Archbishop Trench, who quotes these authorities, says "This star, I -conceive, as so many ancients and moderns have done, to have been a new -star in the heavens." - -One step more places this new star in the constellation of COMA, and with -new force makes it indeed "His star"--the "Sign" of His "coming forth from -Bethlehem." Will it be "the sign of the Son of Man in heaven" (Matt. xxiv. -30) when He shall "come unto" this world again to complete the wondrous -prophecies written of Him in the heavenly and earthly Revelations?(34) - -Thus does the constellation of COMA reveal that the coming "Seed of the -woman" was to be a child born, a son given. - -But He was to be more: He was to be God and man--two natures in one person! -This is the lesson of the next picture. - - - -2. CENTAURUS (The Centaur). - - - _The Despised Sin-offering_. - -It is the figure of a being with two natures. Jamieson, in his _Celestial -Atlas_, 1822, says, "On the authority of the most accomplished Orientalist -of our own times, the Arabic and Chaldaic name of this constellation is -{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}." Now this Hebrew word _Bezeh_ (and the Arabic _Al Beze_) means _the -despised_. It is the very word used of this Divine sufferer in Isa. liii. -3, "He is DESPISED ({~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}) and rejected of men." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 3: Centaurus (the Centaur) - - -The constellation contains thirty-five stars. Two of the 1st magnitude, -one of the 2nd, six of the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc., which, together -with the four bright stars in the Cross make a brilliant show in southern -latitudes. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the horse's fore-foot), has come down to us with -the ancient name of _Toliman_, which means _the heretofore and hereafter_, -marking Him as the one "which is, and which was, and which is to come--the -Almighty" (Rev. i. 8). Sir John Herschell observed this star to be growing -rapidly brighter. It may be, therefore, one of the changeable stars, and -its name may be taken as an indication of the fact that it was known to -the ancients. - -Another name for the constellation was in Hebrew, _Asmeath_, which means a -_sin-offering_ (as in Isa. liii. 10). - -The Greek name was _Cheiron_, which means _the pierced_, or _who pierces_. -In the Greek fables _Cheiron_ was renowned for his skill in hunting, -medicine, music, athletics, and prophecy. All the most distinguished -heroes of Greece are described as his pupils. He was supposed to be -immortal, but he voluntarily agreed to die; and, wounded by a poisoned -arrow (not intended for him) while in conflict with a wild boar, he -transferred his immortality to Prometheus; whereupon he was placed amongst -the stars. - -We can easily see how this fable is the ignorant perversion of the -primitive Revelation. The true tradition can be seen dimly through it, and -we can discern Him of whom it spoke,--the all-wise, all-powerful Teacher -and Prophet, who "went about doing good," yet "despised and rejected of -men," laying down His life that others might live. - -It is one of the lowest of the constellations, _i.e._ the farthest south -from the northern centre. It is situated immediately over the Cross, which -bespeaks His own death; He is seen in the act of destroying the enemy. - -Thus these star-pictures tell us that it would be as a _child_ that the -_Promised Seed_ should come forth and grow and wax strong in spirit and be -filled with wisdom (Luke ii. 40); and that as a man having two natures He -should suffer and die. Then the third and last section in this first -chapter of this First Book goes on to tell of His second coming in glory. - - - -3. BOTES (The Coming One). - - - _He cometh_. - -This constellation still further develops this wondrous personage. - -He is pictured as a man walking rapidly, with a spear in his right hand -and a sickle in his left hand. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 4: Botes (the Coming One) - - -The Greeks called him _Bo--tes_, which is from the Hebrew root _Bo_ -({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _to come_), meaning _the coming_. It is referred to in Ps. xcvi. -13:-- - - - "For He cometh, - For He cometh to judge the earth; - He shall judge the world in righteousness, - And the people with His truth." - - -It it probable that his ancient name was _Arcturus_(35) (as referred to in -Job ix. 9), for this is the name of the brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left -knee). _Arcturus_ means _He cometh_.(36) - -The ancient Egyptians called him _Smat_, which means _one who rules_, -_subdues_, and _governs_. They also called him _Bau_ (a reminiscence of -the more ancient _Bo_), which means also _the coming one_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~} (in the spear-head) is named _Al Katurops_, which means _the -branch_, _treading under foot_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (just below the waist on his right side) is called _Mirac_, or -_Mizar_, or _Izar_. _Mirac_ means _the coming forth as an arrow_; _Mizar_, -or _Izar_, means _the preserver_, _guarding_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} is called _Muphride_, _i.e._ _who separates_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head) is named _Nekkar_, _i.e._ _the pierced_ (Zech. -xii. 10), which tells us that this coming judge is the One who was -pierced. Another Hebrew name is _Merga_, _who bruises_.(37) - -This brings us back again to Gen. iii. 15, and closes up this first -chapter of the First Book (VIRGO). It shows us the _Person_ of the -Promised Seed from the beginning to the end, from the first promise of the -birth of the Child in Bethlehem, to the final coming of the great Judge -and Harvester to reap the harvest of the earth. This was the vision which -was afterwards shown to John (Rev. xiv. 15, 16), when he says, "I looked; -and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud one sat like unto the Son of -Man, having on His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp sickle. -And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to Him -that sat on the cloud, Thrust in thy sickle and reap; for the time is come -for Thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe. And He that sat on -the cloud thrust in His sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped." - -This is the conclusion of the _first chapter_ of this First Book. Here we -see the woman whose Seed is to bruise the serpent's head, the Virgin-Born, -the Branch of Jehovah, perfect man and perfect God, Immanuel, "God with -us," yet despised and rejected of men, and yielding up His life that -others may have life for evermore. But we see Him coming afterwards in -triumphant power to judge the earth. - -This is only one chapter of this First Book, but it contains the _outline_ -of the whole volume, complete in itself, so far as it regards the Person -of the Coming One. Like the Book of Genesis, it is the seed-plot which -contains the whole, all the rest being merely the development of the many -grand details which are included and shut up within it. It is only one -chapter out of twelve, but it distinctly foreshadows the end--even "the -sufferings of Christ and the glory which should follow." - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign LIBRA. - - -_The Redeemer's Atoning Work; or The Price deficient balanced by the Price - which covers_. - -In the first chapter of this book we saw that this Coming Seed of the -woman was, among other things, to give up His life for others. - -The _second_ chapter is going to define and develope the manner and object -of this death. - -The name of the Sign, together with its three constellations and the names -of the stars composing them, give the complete picture of this Redemption. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 5: Libra (the Scales) - - -The Sign contains 51 stars, two of which are of the 2nd magnitude, one of -the 3rd, eight of the 4th, etc. - -The Hebrew name is _Mozanaim_, _the Scales_, _weighing_. Its name in -Arabic is _Al Zubena_, _purchase_, or _redemption_. In Coptic, it is -_Lambadia_, _station of propitiation_ (from _Lam_, _graciousness_, and -_badia_, _branch_). The name by which it has come down to us is the Latin, -_Libra_, which means _weighing_, as used in the Vulgate (Isa. xl. 12). - -Libra contains three bright stars whose names supply us with the whole -matter. The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the lower scale), is named _Zuben al Genubi_, -which means _the purchase_, or _price which is deficient_. This points to -the fact that man has been utterly ruined. He is "weighed in the balances -and found wanting." - - - "None of them can by any means redeem his brother, - Nor give to God a ransom for him; - For the redemption of their soul is costly, - And must be let alone for ever." - - (Ps. xlix. 7, R.V.) - - "Surely men of low degree are vanity (Heb. _a breath_), - And men of high degree are a lie; - In the balances they go up; - They are altogether lighter than vanity" (Heb. _a breath_). - - (Ps. lxii. 9, R.V.) - - -This is the verdict pronounced and recorded by this star _Zuben al -Genubi_. - -Is there then no hope? Is there no one who can pay the price? - -Yes; there is "the Seed of the woman." He is not merely coming as a child, -but He is coming as an atoning sacrifice. - -He is coming for the purpose of Redemption! He can pay _the price which -covers_! Hence in the upper scale we have another bright star with this -very name _Zuben al Chemali_--THE PRICE WHICH COVERS! Praised be God! "They -sang a new song, saying, Thou art worthy ... for Thou wast slain, and hast -redeemed us to God by thy blood." (Rev. v. 9.) This is the testimony of {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, -the second brightest star! It has another name, _al Gubi_, _heaped up_, or -_high_, telling of the infinite value of this redemption price. But there -is a third star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, below, towards _Centaurus_ and the _Victim_ slain, -telling, by that and by its name, of the _conflict_ by which that -redemption would be accomplished. It is called _Zuben Akrabi_ or _Zuben al -Akrab_, which means _the price of the conflict_! - -There is, however, some reason to suppose that Libra is a very ancient -Egyptian corruption, bringing in human merit instead of Divine -righteousness; "the way of Cain" instead of the way of God. In the more -ancient Akkadian the months were called after the names of the signs,(38) -and the sign of the seventh month is the sign that we now call Libra. The -Akkadian name for it was _Tulku_. _Tul_ means _mound_ (like _dhul_ and -_dul_), and _ku_ means _sacred;_ hence, _Tulku_ means _the sacred mound_, -or _the holy altar_.(39) - -Not only is the name and its meaning different, but the teaching is -infinitely greater and more important, if we may believe that the original -picture of this sign was not a pair of scales, but the representation of -_a holy altar_. This would agree still better with the three -constellations which follow. - -The names of the stars would also be more appropriate, for it is the -Sacrifice of Christ which they foreshadowed, and here it was that the -price which covered was paid, and outweighed the price which was -deficient. What that price was to be, and how it was to be paid, and what -was to be the result in the Person of the Redeemer, is set forth in detail -in the three sections of this chapter by the constellations of _The Cross_ -endured, _The Victim_ slain, and _The Crown_ bestowed. - - - -1. CRUX (The Cross). - - - _The Cross Endured_. - -The Hebrew name was _Adom_, which means _cutting off_, as in Dan. ix. -26:--"After threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off." The last -letter of the Hebrew alphabet was called _Tau_, which was anciently made -in the form of a cross. The ancient _Phoenician_ was [Symbol: right-tilted -cross]; the ancient _Hebrew_, as found on coins, was [Symbol: right-tilted -cross] and [Symbol: vertical cross]; the _Aramaic_, as found on Egyptian -monuments, was a transition [Symbol: tilted cross] or [Symbol: stretched -cross], which passed into the present square Hebrew character {~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}. This -letter is called _Tau_, and means _a mark_; especially _a boundary-mark, a -limit or finish_. And it is the last letter, which finishes the Hebrew -alphabet to this day. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 6: Crux (the Cross) - - -The Southern Cross was just visible in the latitude of Jerusalem at the -time of the first coming of our Lord to die. Since then, through the -gradual recession of the Polar Star, it has not been seen in northern -latitudes. It gradually disappeared and became invisible at Jerusalem when -the Real Sacrifice was offered there; and tradition, which preserved its -memory, assured travellers that if they could go far enough south it would -be again seen. Dante sang of "the four stars never beheld but by the early -race of men." It was not until the sixteenth century had dawned that -missionaries and voyagers, doubling the Cape for the first time, and -visiting the tropics and southern seas, brought back the news of "a -wonderful cross more glorious than all the constellations of the heavens." - -It is a small asterism, containing only about five stars, _viz._, one of -the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, one of the 3rd, and one of the 4th. -Four of these are in the form of a cross. - -Long before the Christian Era this sign of the Cross had lost its true -meaning, and had been perverted in Babylon and Egypt as it has since been -desecrated by Rome. The Persians and Egyptians worshipped it. The cakes -made and eaten in honour of the Queen of Heaven were marked with it. This -heathen custom Rome has adopted and adapted in her Good Friday cakes, -which are thus stamped. But all are alike ignorant of what it means, -_viz._, "IT IS FINISHED." - -In Egypt, and in the earliest times, it was the sign and symbol of _life_. -To-day, Romanists use it as the symbol of _death_! But it means _life_! -Natural life given up, and eternal life procured. Atonement, finished, -perfect, and complete; never to be repeated, or added to. All who partake -of its benefits in Christ now, in grace, by faith "ARE made nigh by the -blood of Christ" (Eph. ii. 13), and of them Jesus says, "He that heareth -my voice, and believeth on Him that sent me HATH everlasting life, and -shall not come into judgment; but IS PASSED from death unto life" (John v. -24). So perfect and complete is the work which Jesus finished on the Cross -that we cannot seek to add even our repentance, faith, tears, or prayers, -without practically asserting that the work of Christ is not finished, and -is not sufficient! - -The Hebrew names of this constellation--_Adom_ and _Tau_--rebuke our -Pharisaic spirit, which is the relic and essence of all false religions, -and points to the blessed fact that the Sacrifice was offered "once for -all," and the atoning work of Redemption completely finished on Calvary. - - - "'Tis finished! the Messiah dies! - Cut off for sins, but not His own; - Accomplished is the sacrifice, - The great redeeming work is done." - - -In the ancient Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah this first Decan of LIBRA is -represented as a lion with his tongue hanging out of his mouth, as if in -thirst, and a female figure holding a cup out to him. Under his fore feet -is the hieroglyphic symbol of running water. What is all this but "the -Lion of the tribe of Judah" brought down "into the dust of death," and -saying "I am poured out like water ... my strength is dried up" (Ps. xxii. -13-18): "I thirst" (John xix. 28): "and in my thirst they gave me vinegar -to drink" (Ps. lxix. 21)? - -The Egyptian name of this Lion, however, points to his ultimate triumph, -for it is called _Sera_, that is, _victory_! - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. LUPUS or VICTIMA (The Victim). - - - _The Victim Slain._ - -Its modern name is _Lupus_ (a wolf), because it looks like one. It may be -any animal. The great point of this ancient constellation is that the -animal has been _slain_, and is in the act of falling down dead. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 7: Lupus or Victima the VICTIM Slain - - -Its Greek name is _Thera_, _a beast_, and _Lycos_, _a wolf_. Its Latin -name is _Victima_, or _Bestia_ (Vulg. Gen. viii. 17), which sufficiently -indicates the great lesson. This is confirmed by its ancient Hebrew name, -_Asedah_, and Arabic _Asedaton_, which both mean _to be slain_. - -More than 22 of its stars have been catalogued. None of them are higher -than the 4th magnitude; most of them are of the 5th or 6th. - -True, He was "by wicked hands crucified and slain," but He is slain here -by the Centaur, _i.e._ by Himself! To make it perfectly clear that it was -His own act (without which His death would lose all merit), He uttered -those solemn words: "I lay down my life for the sheep.... No man taketh it -from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I -have power to take it again" (John x. 15-18). He "offered Himself without -spot to God." "He put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself" (Heb. ix. 11, -26). - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah He is pictured as a little child with -its finger on its lips, and He is called _Sura_, _a lamb_! In other -pictures He has, besides, the horn of a goat on one side of His head. All -this pointed to one and the same great fact, _viz._, the development and -explanation of what was meant by _the bruising of His heel_! It meant that -this Promised Seed of the woman should come as a child, that He should -suffer, and die upon the Cross, for - - - "He was brought as a lamb to the slaughter; - And as a sheep before her shearers is dumb; - SO HE opened not his mouth." - - (Isa. liii. 7.) - - -Hence, the constellation prefigures a silent, willing sacrifice--Christ -Jesus, who, "being found in fashion as a man, humbled Himself, and became -obedient unto death, even the death of the Cross" (Phil. ii. 5-8). - - - -3. CORONA (The Crown). - - - _The Crown Bestowed._ - -"Wherefore God also hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a name which is -above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow." - -This is what is foreshown by this concluding section of the second -chapter. Each chapter ends with glory. As in the written Word of God, we -frequently have the glory of the Second Coming mentioned without any -allusions to the sufferings of the First Coming, but we never have the -First Coming in humiliation mentioned without an immediate reference to -the glory of the Second Coming. - -So here, the CROSS is closely followed by the CROWN! True, "we see not yet -all things put under Him, but we see Jesus ... for the suffering of death -crowned with glory and honour" (Heb. ii. 9). - -Yes, "the crowning day is coming," and all heaven shall soon resound with -the triumphant song, "Thou art worthy, ... for Thou wast slain and hast -redeemed us to God by Thy blood" (Rev. v. 9). - -The shameful Cross will be followed by a glorious crown, and "every tongue -shall confess that Jesus. Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." - - - "Mighty Victor, reign for ever, - Wear the crown so dearly won; - Never shall Thy people, never - Cease to sing what Thou hast done. - Thou hast fought Thy people's foes; - Thou wilt heal Thy people's woes!" - - -The Hebrew name for the constellation is _Atarah_, _a royal crown_, and -its stars are known to-day in the East by the plural, _Ataroth!_ - -Its Arabic name is _Al Iclil_, _an ornament_, or _jewel_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 8: CORONA (the Crown) - - -It has 21 stars: one of the 2nd magnitude and six of the 4th. It is easily -known by the stars {~GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, which form a crescent. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, has the Arabic name of _Al Phecca_, _the shining_. - -Thus ends this solemn chapter of LIBRA, which describes the great work of -Redemption, beginning with the Cross and ending with the Crown. The -Redeemer's work of Atonement is most blessedly set forth, and He alone is -seen as the substitute for lost sinners. - - - "What wondrous love, what mysteries - In this appointment shine! - My breaches of the law are His, - And His obedience mine." - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign SCORPIO. - - - _The Redeemer's Conflict_. - -We come now right into the heart of the conflict. The star-picture brings -before us a gigantic scorpion endeavouring to sting in the heel a mighty -man who is struggling with a serpent, but is crushed by the man, who has -his foot placed right on the scorpion's heart. - -The Hebrew name is _Akrab_, which is the name of a scorpion, but also -means _the conflict_, or _war_. It is this that is referred to in Ps. xci. -13: - - - "Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder. - The young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet." - - -David uses the very word in Ps. cxliv. 1, where he blesses God for -teaching his hands _to war_. - -The Coptic name is _Isidis_, which means _the attack of the enemy_, or -_oppression_; referring to "the wicked that oppress me, my deadly enemies -who compass me about" (Ps. xvii. 9). - -The Arabic name is _Al Akrab_, which means _wounding him that cometh_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 9: SCORPIO (the Scorpion) - - -There are 44 stars altogether in this sign. One is of the 1st magnitude, -one of the 2nd, eleven of the 3rd, eight of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the heart), bears the ancient Arabic name of -_Antares_, which means _the wounding_. It is called by the Latins _Cor -Scorpii_, because it marks the scorpion's heart. It shines ominously with -a deep red light. The sting is called in Hebrew _Lesath_ (Chaldee, -_Lesha_), which means _the perverse_. The stars in the tail are also known -as _Leshaa_, or _Leshat_.(40) - -The scorpion is a deadly enemy (as we learn from Rev. ix), with poison in -its sting, and all the names associated with the sign combine to set forth -the malignant enmity which is "set" between the serpent and the woman's -Seed. - -That enmity is shown more fully in the written Word, where we see the -attempt of the enemy (in Exod. i.) to destroy every male of the seed of -Abraham, and how it was defeated. - -We see his effort repeated when he used Athaliah to destroy "all the seed -royal" (2 Kings xi.), and how "the king's son" was rescued "from among" -the slain. - -We see his hand again instigating Haman, "the Jews' enemy," to compass the -destruction of the whole nation, but defeated in his designs. - -When the woman's Seed, the virgin's Son, was born, we are shown the same -great enemy inciting Herod to slay all the babes in Bethlehem (Matt. ii.), -but again he is defeated. - -In the wilderness of Juda, and in the Garden of Gethsemane the great -conflict is renewed. "This is your hour and the power of darkness,"(41) He -said to His enemies. - -The real wounding in the heel was received at the Cross. It was there the -scorpion struck the woman's seed. He died, but was raised again from the -dead "to destroy the works of the devil." - -To show us this; to prevent any mistake; to set forth the fact that this -conflict only _apparently_ ended in defeat, and that it did not really so -end, we have the first two constellations belonging to this sign presented -_in one picture_! Indeed, the picture is threefold, for it includes the -sign itself (as shown on the cover)! - -If these pictures had been separated, then the conflict would have been -separated from the victory; the deadly wound of the serpent's head from -the temporary wound in the Victor's heel. Hence, _three_ pictures are -required, in which the _scorpion_, the _serpent_, and the _man_, are all -involved, in order to present at the same time the triumphant issue of the -conflict. - -Hence, we must present, and consider together, the first two sections of -this mysterious chapter. - - - -1 and 2. SERPENS and OPHIUCHUS. - - - _The Struggle with the Enemy._ - -Here, _Serpens_, the serpent, is seen struggling vainly in the powerful -grasp of the man who is named _O-phi-u-chus_. In Latin he is called -Serpentarius. He is at one and the same moment shown to be seizing the -serpent with his two hands, and treading on the very heart of the -scorpion, marked by the deep red star _Antares_ (wounding). - -Just as we read the first constellation of the woman and child _Coma_, as -expounding the first sign VIRGO, so we have to read this first -constellation as expounding the second sign LIBRA. Hence, we have here a -further picture, showing the object of this conflict on the part of the -scorpion. - -In Scorpio we see merely the effort to wound _Ophiuchus_ in the heel; but -here we see the effort of the serpent to seize THE CROWN, which is -situated immediately over the serpent's head, and to which he is looking -up and reaching forth. - -The contest is for Dominion! It was the Devil, in the form of a serpent, -that robbed the first man of his crown; but in vain he struggled to wrest -it from the sure possession of the Second Man. Not only does he fail in -the attempt, but is himself utterly defeated and trodden under foot. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 10: SERPENS (the Serpent) and OPHIUCHUS (the Serpent Holder) - - -There are no less than 134 stars in these two constellations. Two are of -the 2nd magnitude, fourteen of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star in the Serpent, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the neck), is named _Unuk_, which -means _encompassing_. Another Hebrew name is _Alyah_, _the accursed_. From -this is _Al Hay_ (Arabic), _the reptile_. The next brightest star is {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in -the jaw), named, in Arabic, _Cheleb_, or _Chelbalrai, the serpent -enfolding_. The Greek name, _Ophiuchus_, is itself from the Hebrew and -Arabic name _Afeichus_, which means _the serpent held_. The brightest star -in _Ophiuchus_, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head), is called _Ras al Hagus_ (Arabic), _the -head of him who holds_. - -Other Hebrew names of stars, not identified, are _Triophas_, _treading -under foot_; _Saiph_ (in the foot(42) of Ophiuchus), _bruised_; -_Carnebus_, _the wounding_; _Megeros_, _contending_.(43) In the Zodiac of -Denderah we have a throned human figure, called _Api-bau_, _the chief who -cometh_. He has a hawk's head to show that he is the enemy of the serpent, -which is called _Khu_, and means _ruled_ or _enemy_. - -All these combine to set before us in detail the nature of the conflict -and its final issue. That final issue is, however, exhibited by the last -of the three constellations of this chapter. The Victor Himself requires a -whole picture to fully set forth the glorious victory. This brings us to-- - - - -3. HERCULES (The Mighty Man). - - - _The Mighty Vanquisher._ - -Here the mighty one, who occupies a large portion of the heavens, is seen -bending on one knee, with his right heel lifted up as if it had been -wounded, while his left foot is set directly over the head of the great -dragon. In his right hand he wields a great club, and in his left hand he -grasps a triple-headed monster (_Cerberus_). And he has the skin of a -lion, which he has slain, thrown around him.(44) - -In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a human figure, likewise with a club. -His name is _Bau_, which means _who cometh_, and is evidently intended for -Him who cometh to crush the serpent's head, and "destroy the works of the -devil." - -In Arabic he is called _Al Giscale, the strong one_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 11: HERCULES (the Mighty One) - - -There are 113 stars in this constellation. Seven are of the 3rd magnitude, -seventeen of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in his head), is named _Ras al Gethi_, and means -_the head of him who bruises_. - -The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the right arm-pit), is named _Kornephorus_, and means _the -branch, kneeling_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (in the right elbow) is called _Marsic_, _the wounding_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~} (in the upper part of the left arm) is named _Ma'asyn_, _the -sin-offering_. - -While {~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~} (in the lower part of the right arm) is _Caiam_, or _Guiam_, -_punishing_; and in Arabic, _treading under foot_. - -Thus does everything in the picture combine to set forth the mighty works -of this stronger than the strong man armed! - -We can easily see how the perversion of the truth by the Greeks came -about, and how, when the true foreshadowings of this Mighty One had been -lost, the many fables were invented to supply their place. The wiser sort -of Greeks knew this perfectly well. ARISTOTLE (in his _Metaphysics_, x. 8) -admits, with regard to Greek mythology, that religion and philosophy had -been lost, and that much had been "added after the mythical style," while -much had come down, and "may have been preserved to our times as the -remains of ancient wisdom." Religion, such as it was (POLYBIUS confesses), -was recognised as a "necessary means to political ends." NEANDER says that -it was "the fragments of a tradition, which transmitted the knowledge of -divine things possessed in the earliest times." - -ARATUS shews the same uncertainty as to the meaning of this Constellation -of _Hercules_. He says: - - - "Near this, and like a toiling man, revolves - A form. Of it can no one clearly speak, - Nor what he labours at. They call him simply - 'The man upon his knees': In desperate struggle - Like one who sinks, he seems. From both his shoulders - His arms are high-uplifted and out-stretched - As far as he can reach; and his right foot - Is planted on the coild Dragon's head." - - -Ancient authorities differ as to the personality of Hercules, and they -disagree as to the number, nature, and order of what are sometimes called -"the twelve labours of Hercules." But there is no doubt as to the mighty -foretold works which the woman's Seed should perform. - -From first to last Hercules is seen engaged in destroying some malignant -foe: now it is the Nemean lion; then it is the slaying of the boar of -Erymanthus; again, it is the conquest of the bull of Crete; then the -killing of the three-headed hydra, by whose venom Hercules afterwards -died. In the belly of the sea monster he is said to have remained "three -days and three nights." This was, doubtless, a perversion of the type of -Jonah, introduced by LYCOPHRON, who (living at the court of PTOLEMY -PHILADELPHUS, under whose auspices the Hebrew Scriptures were translated -into Greek) would have known of that Divine miracle, and of its -application to the Coming One. Bishop Horsley believed that the fables of -the Greek mythology could be traced back to the prophecies of the Messiah, -of which they were a perversion from ignorance or design. This is -specially true of Hercules. In his apparently impossible tasks of -overthrowing gigantic enemies and delivering captives, we can see through -the shadow, and discern the pure light of the truth. We can understand how -the original star-picture must have been a prophetic representation of Him -who shall destroy the Old Serpent and open the way again, not to fabled -"apples of gold," but to the "tree of life" itself. He it is who though -suffering in the mighty conflict, and brought to His knee, going down even -to "the dust of death," shall yet, in resurrection and advent glory, wield -His victorious club, subdue all His enemies, and plant His foot on the -Dragon's head. For of Him it is written:-- - - - "Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder; - The young lion and the dragon shalt Thou trample under foot." - - (Ps. xci. 13.) - - "Come, Lord, and burst the captives' chains, - And set the prisoners free; - Come, cleanse this earth from all its stains, - And make it meet for Thee! - - Oh, come and end Creation's groans-- - Its sighs, its tears, its blood, - And make this blighted world again - The dwelling-place of God." - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign SAGITTARIUS. - - - _The Redeemer's Triumph._ - -This is the concluding chapter of the first great book of this Heavenly -Revelation; and it is occupied wholly with the triumph of the Coming One, -who is represented as going forth "conquering and to conquer." - -The subject is beautifully set forth in the written Word (Ps. xlv. 3-5):-- - - - "Gird Thy sword upon Thy thigh, O most mighty, - [_Gird Thyself_] with Thy glory and Thy majesty, - And in Thy majesty ride prosperously, - Because of truth, and meekness, and righteousness; - And Thy right hand shall teach Thee terrible things. - Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the King's enemies; - Whereby the people fall under Thee." - - -John, in his apocalyptic vision, sees the same mighty Conqueror going -forth. "I saw (he says) a white horse, and He that sat on him had a bow, -... and He went forth conquering and to conquer" (Rev. vi. 2). - -This is precisely what is foreshadowed in the star-pictured sign now -called by the modern Latin name _Sagittarius_, which means _the Archer_. - -The Hebrew and Syriac name of the sign is _Kesith_, which means _the -Archer_ (as in Gen. xxi. 20). The Arabic name is _Al Kaus_, _the arrow_. -In Coptic it is _Pimacre_, _the graciousness_, or _beauty of the coming -forth_. In Greek it is _Toxotes_, _the archer_, and in Latin -_Sagittarius_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 12: SAGITTARIUS (the Archer) - - -There are 69 stars in the sign, _viz._, five of the 3rd magnitude (all in -the bow), nine of the 4th, etc. - -The names of the brightest stars are significant:-- - -Hebrew, _Naim_, which means _the gracious one_. This is exactly what is -said of this Victor in the same Psalm (xlv.), in the words immediately -preceding the quotation above (verse 2): - - - "GRACE is poured into Thy lips; - Therefore God hath blessed Thee for ever." - - -Hebrew, _Nehushta_, _the going_ or _sending forth_. - -We see the same in the Arabic names which have come down to us: _Al Naim_, -_the gracious one_; _Al Shaula_, _the dart_; _Al Warida_, _who comes -forth_; _Ruchba er rami_, _the riding of the bowman_. - -An ancient Akkadian name in the sign is _Nun-ki_, which means _Prince of -the Earth_. - -Again we have the picture of _a Centaur_ as to his outward form, _i.e._ a -being with two natures. Not now far down in the south, or connected with -His sufferings and sacrifice as man; but high up, as a sign of the Zodiac -itself, on the ecliptic, _i.e._ in the very path in which the sun -"rejoiceth in his going forth as a strong man." - -According to Grecian fable, this Sagittarius is _Cheiron_, the chief -Centaur; noble in character, righteous in his dealings, divine in his -power. - -Such will be the coming Seed of the woman in His power and glory:-- - - - "The sceptre of Thy kingdom is a right sceptre. - Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness; - Therefore God, Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of - gladness above thy fellows." - - (Ps. xlv. 6, 7.) - - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah he is called (as in Coptic) _Pi-macre_, -_i.e._ _graciousness, beauty of the appearing_ or _coming forth_. The -characters under the hind foot read _Knem_, which means _He conquers_. - -This is He who shall come forth like as an arrow from the bow, "full of -grace," but "conquering and to conquer." - -In all the pictures he is similarly represented, and the arrow in his bow -is aimed directly at the heart of the Scorpion. - -Thus ARATUS sang of _Cheiron_:-- - - - "'Midst golden stars he stands refulgent now, - And thrusts the scorpion with his bended bow." - - -In this Archer we see a faint reflection of Him who shall presently come -forth, all gracious, all wise, all powerful; whose arrows shall be "sharp -in the heart of the King's enemies." - - - "God shall shoot at them with an arrow; - Suddenly shall they be wounded. - So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves; - All that see them shall flee away. - And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; - For they shall wisely consider of His doing. - The righteous shall be glad in the Lord, and shall trust in Him; - And all the upright in heart shall glory." - - (Ps. lxiv. 7-10.) - - "Christ is coming! let Creation - From her groans and travail cease; - Let the glorious proclamation - Hope restore, and faith increase. - Christ is coming, - Come, thou blessed Prince of peace." - - -This brings us to the first of the three constellations or sections of -this chapter, which takes up this subject of praise to the Conqueror. - - - -1. LYRA (The Harp). - - - _Praise prepared for the Conqueror._ - -"Praise waiteth for thee, O God, in Zion" (Ps. lxv. 1). And when the -waiting time is over, and the Redeemer comes forth, then the praise shall -be given. "We give Thee thanks, O Lord God, the Almighty, which art, and -which wast, because thou hast taken to Thee Thy great power, and didst -reign" (Rev. xi. 17, R.V.). "Let us be glad and rejoice and give honour -unto Him" (Rev. xix. 7). The Twenty-first Psalm should be read here, as it -tells of the bursting forth of praise on the going forth of this all- -gracious Conqueror. - - - "The King shall rejoice in Thy strength, O LORD; - And in Thy salvation how greatly shall He rejoice!... - Thine hand shall find out all Thine enemies; - Thy right hand shall find out all that hate thee.... - Their fruit shalt Thou destroy from the earth; - And their seed from among the children of men. - For they intended evil against Thee; - They imagined a mischievous device which they are not able to - perform, - Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back (Heb. _Margin, - __"__set them as a butt__"_), - When Thou shalt make ready Thine arrows upon Thy strings - [_And shoot them_] against the face of them. - Be thou exalted, LORD, in thine own strength; - SO WILL WE SING AND PRAISE THY POWER." - - (Ps. xxi. 1, 8, 10-13.) - - -Beautifully, then, does _the harp_ come in here, following upon the going -forth of this victorious Horseman. This Song of the Lamb follows as -naturally as does the Song of Moses in Ex. xv. 1: "I will sing unto the -LORD, for He hath triumphed gloriously." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 13: LYRA (the Harp) - - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, is one of the most glorious in the heavens, and by -it this constellation may be easily known. It shines with a splendid white -lustre. It is called _Vega_, which means _He shall be exalted_. Its root -occurs in the opening of the Song of Moses, quoted above. Is not this -wonderfully expressive? - -Its other stars, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, are also conspicuous stars, of the 2nd and 4th -magnitude. {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is called _Shelyuk_, which means _an eagle_ (as does the -Arabic, _Al Nesr_); {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} is called _Sulaphat_, _springing up_, or -_ascending_, as praise. - -In the Zodiac of Denderah, this constellation is figured as a hawk or an -eagle (the enemy of the serpent) in triumph. Its name is _Fent-kar_, which -means _the serpent ruled_. - -There may be some confusion between the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Nesher_, _an -eagle_, and {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Gnasor_, _a harp_;(45) but there can be no doubt -about the grand central truth, that praise shall ascend up "as an eagle -toward heaven," when "every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, -and such as are in the sea, and all that is in them," shall send up their -universal song of praise: "Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be -unto Him that sitteth upon the throne and unto the Lamb for ever and ever. -Amen" (Rev. v. 13, 14). - -And for what is all this wondrous anthem of Praise? Listen once again. -"Alleluia:(46) Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord -our God; for TRUE AND RIGHTEOUS ARE HIS JUDGMENTS.... And again they said -Alleluia" (Rev. xix. 1-3). - - - With "that blessed hope" before us, - Let no HARP remain unstrung, - Let the coming advent chorus - Onward roll from tongue to tongue, Hallelujah, - "Come, Lord Jesus," quickly come. - - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. ARA (The Altar). - - - _Consuming Fire Prepared for His Enemies._ - -Here we have an altar or burning pyre, placed significantly and ominously -upside down! with its fires burning and pointing downwards towards the -lower regions, called _Tartarus_, or _the abyss_, or "outer-darkness." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 14: ARA (the Altar) - - -It is an asterism with nine stars, of which three are of the 3rd -magnitude, four of the 4th, etc. It is south of the Scorpion's tail, and -when these constellations were first formed it was visible only on the -very lowest horizon of the south, pointing to the completion of all -judgment in the lake of fire. - -In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a different picture, giving us another -aspect of the same judgment. It is a man enthroned, with a flail in his -hand. His name is _Bau_, the same name as _Hercules_ has, and means _He -cometh_. It is from the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~} (_Boh_), _to come_, as in Isa. lxiii. -1: - - - "Who is this that cometh from Edom, - With dyed garments from Bozrah." - - -This is a coming in judgment, as is clear from reason given in verse 4: - - - "For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart, - And the year of My redeemed is come. - And I looked, and there was none to help; - And I wondered that there was none to uphold; - Therefore Mine own arm brought salvation, - And My fury, it upheld Me." - - (Isa. lxiii. 4, 5.) - - -The completion of judgment, therefore, is what is pictured both by the -burning pyre and the Coming One enthroned, with his threshing instrument. - -In Arabic it is called _Al Mugamra_, which means _the completing_, or -_finishing_. The Greeks used the word _Ara_ sometimes in the sense of -_praying_, but more frequently in the sense of _imprecation_ or _cursing_. - -This is the curse pronounced against the great enemy. This is the burning -fire, pointing to the _completion_ of that curse, when he shall be cast -into that everlasting fire "prepared for the devil and his angels." This -is the allusion to it written in the midst of the very Scripture from -which we have already quoted (p. 66), Ps. xxi., where we read in verse 9 -(which we then omitted):-- - - - "Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of Thine anger: - The Lord shall swallow them up in His wrath; - And the fire shall devour them." - - -This brings us to the final scene, closing up this first great book of the -Heavens. - - - -3. DRACO (The Dragon). - - - _The Old Serpent, or the Devil, cast down from Heaven._ - -Each of the three great books concludes with this same foreshowing of -Apocalyptic truth. The same great enemy is referred to in all these -pictures. He is the Serpent; he is the Dragon; "the great dragon, that old -serpent, called the Devil and Satan" (Rev. xii. 9). The Serpent represents -him as the _Deceiver_; the Dragon, as the _Destroyer_. - -This _First_ Book concludes with the Dragon being cast down from heaven. - -The _Second_ Book concludes with _Cetus_, the Sea Monster, Leviathan, -bound. - -The _Third_ Book concludes with Hydra, the Old Serpent, destroyed. - -Here, at the close of the _First_ Book, we see not merely a dragon, but -the Dragon _cast down_! That is the point of this great star-picture. - -No one has ever seen a dragon; but among all nations (especially in China -and Japan), and in all ages, we find it described and depicted in legend -and in art. Both Old and New Testaments refer to it, and all unite in -connecting with it one and the same great enemy of God and man. - -It is against him that the God-Man--"the Son of God--goes forth to war." It -is for him that the eternal fires are prepared. It is he who shall shortly -be cast down from the heavens preparatory to his completed judgment. It is -of him we read, "The great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called -the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out and -his angels with him. And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is -come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of -His Christ; for the accuser of our brethren is cast down" (Rev. xii. 9, -10). - -It is of him that David sings:-- - - - "God is my king of old, - Working salvation in the midst of the earth ... - Thou brakest the heads of the dragons in the waters. - Thou brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces." - - (Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.) - - -Of him also the Spirit causes Isaiah to say, "In that day, shall this song -be sung in the land of Judah";-- - - - "In that day the Lord, with his sore, and great, and strong sword, - Shall punish leviathan the piercing (R.V. swift) serpent, - Even leviathan that crooked serpent; - And he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea." - - (Isa. xxvi. 1; xxvii. 1.) - - -This is exactly what is foreshadowed by this constellation of _Draco_. Its -name is from the Greek, and means _trodden on_, as in the Septuagint of -Ps. xci. 13: "The dragon shalt thou trample under feet," from the Hebrew -{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}, _Dahrach_, _to tread_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 15: DRACO (the Dragon Cast down) - - -In the Zodiac of Denderah it is shown as a serpent under the fore-feet of -Sagittarius, and is named _Her-fent_, which means _the serpent accursed_! - -There are 80 stars in the constellation; four of the 2nd magnitude, seven -of the 3rd magnitude, ten of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in one of the latter coils), is named _Thuban_ -(Heb.), _the subtle_. Some 4,620 years ago it was the Polar Star. It is -manifest, therefore, that the Greeks could not have invented this -constellation, as is confessed by all modern astronomers. It is still a -very important star in nautical reckonings, guiding the commerce of the -seas, and thus "the god of this world" is represented as winding in his -contortions round the pole of the world, as if to indicate his subtle -influence in all worldly affairs. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head), is called by the Hebrew name _Rastaban_, -and means _the head of the subtle_ (_serpent_). In the Arabic it is still -called _Al Waid_, which means _who is to be destroyed_. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (also in the head), is called _Ethanin_, _i.e._, _the -long serpent_, or _dragon_. - -The Hebrew names of other stars, not identified, are _Grumian_, _the -subtle_; _Giansar_, _the punished enemy_. Other (Arabic) names are _Al -Dib_, _the reptile_; _El Athik_, _the fraudful_; _El Asieh_, _the bowed -down_. - -And thus the combined testimony of every star (without a single exception) -of each constellation, and the constellations of each sign, accords with -the testimony of the Word of God concerning the coming Seed of the woman, -the bruising of His heel, the crushing of the serpent's head, "the -sufferings of Christ, and the glory which should follow." - - - "From far I see the glorious day, - When He who bore our sins away, - Will all His majesty display. - - A Man of Sorrows once He was, - No friend was found to plead His cause, - As all preferred the world's applause. - - He groaned beneath sin's awful load, - For in the sinner's place He stood, - And died to bring him back to God. - - But now He waits, with glory crowned. - While angel hosts His throne surround, - And still His lofty praises sound. - - To few on earth His name is dear, - And they who in His cause appear, - The world's reproach and scorn must bear - - Jesus, Thy name is all my boast, - And though by waves of trouble tossed, - Thou wilt not let my soul be lost. - - Come then, come quickly from above, - My soul impatient longs to prove, - The depths of everlasting love." - - - - - -THE SECOND BOOK. THE REDEEMED. - - - _The Result of the Redeemer's Sufferings._ - -In the _First_ Book we have had before us the work of the Redeemer set -forth as it concerned His own glorious person. In this _Second_ Book it is -presented to us as it affects others. Here we see the _results_ of His -humiliation, and conflict, and victory--"The sufferings of Christ" and the -blessings they procured for His redeemed people. - -In Chapter I. we have the Blessings procured. - -In Chapter II. their Blessings ensured. - -In Chapter III. their Blessings in abeyance. - -In Chapter IV. their Blessings enjoyed. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign CAPRICORNUS (The Sea Goat). - - - _The Goat of Atonement Slain for the Redeemed._ - -It is most noteworthy that this Second Book opens with the Goat, and -closes with the Ram: two animals of sacrifice; while the two middle -chapters are both connected with fishes.(47) The reason for this we shall -see as we proceed. - -Both are combined in the first chapter, or "Sign" of Capricornus. - -In all the ancient Zodiacs, or Planispheres, we find a goat with a fish's -tail. In the Zodiacs of Denderah and Esneh, in Egypt, it is half-goat and -half-fish, and it is there called _Hu-penius_, which means _the place of -the sacrifice_. - -In the Indian Zodiac it is a goat _passant_ traversed by a fish. - -There can be no doubt as to the significance of this sign. - -In the Goat we have the Atoning Sacrifice, in the Fish we have the people -for whom the atonement is made. When we come to the sign "PISCES" we shall -see more clearly that it points to the _multitudes_ of the redeemed host. - -The Goat is bowing its head as though falling down in death. The right leg -is folded underneath the body, and he seems unable to rise with the left. -The tail of the fish, on the other hand, seems to be full of vigour and -life. - -The Hebrew name of the sign is _Gedi_, _the kid_ or _cut off_, the same as -the Arabic _Al Gedi_. CAPRICORNUS is merely the modern (Latin) name of the -sign, and means _goat_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 16: CAPRICORNUS (the Goat) - - -There are 51 stars in the sign, three of which are of the 3rd magnitude, -three of the 4th, etc. Five are remarkable stars, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} in the horn and -head, and the remaining three, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, in the fishy tail. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} -is named _Al Gedi_, _the kid_ or _goat_, while the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} is called _Deneb -Al Gedi_, _the sacrifice cometh_. - -Other star-names in the sign, not identified, are _Dabih_ (Syriac), _the -sacrifice slain_; _Al Dabik_ and _Al Dehabeh_ (Arabic) have the same -meaning; _Ma'asad_, _the slaying_; _Sa'ad al Naschira_, _the record of the -cutting off_. - -Is not this exactly in accord with the Scriptures of truth? There were two -goats! Of "the _goat_ of the sin-offering" it is written, "God hath given -it to you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for -them before the LORD" (Lev. x. 16, 17): of the other goat, which was not -slain, "he shall let it go into the wilderness" (Lev. xvi. 22). Here is -death and resurrection. Christ was "wounded for our transgressions, and -bruised for our iniquities." "For the transgression of MY PEOPLE was He -stricken" (Isa. liii.). He laid down His life for the sheep. - -In the first chapter of the _First_ Book we had the same Blessed One -presented as "a corn of wheat." Here we see Him come to "die," and hence -not abiding alone, but bringing forth "much fruit" (John xii. 24). The -living fish proceeds from the dying goat, and yet they form only one body. -That picture, which has no parallel in nature, has a perfectly true -counterpart in grace; and "a great multitude, which no man can number," -have been redeemed and shall obtain eternal life through the death of -their Redeemer. - -It is, however, not merely the actual death which is set before us here. -The _first_ chapter _in each book_ has for its great subject _the Person_ -of the Redeemer in _prophecy_ and promise. The _last_ chapter in each book -has for its subject the fulfilment of that prophecy in victory and -triumph, in the Person of the Redeemer: while the two _central_ chapters -_in each_ book are occupied with _the work_ which is the accomplishment of -the promise, presented in two aspects--the former connected with _grace_, -the latter with _conflict_. - -Thus the _structure_ of each of the three books is an _epanodos_, having -for its first and last members the Person of the Redeemer (in "A" in -_Prophecy_; in "_A_" in _Fulfilment_), while in the two central members we -have the work and its accomplishment (in "B" _in grace_; and in "_B_" _in -conflict_). - -It may be thus presented to the eye:-- - - _The First Book._ - -A | VIRGO. The Prophecy of the Bruised Seed. - B | LIBRA. The work accomplished (in _grace_). - _B_ | SCORPIO. The work accomplished (in _conflict_.) -_A_ | SAGITTARIUS. The fulfillment of the promised victory. - - _The Second Book._ - -C | CAPRICORNUS. The Prophecy of the Promised Deliverance. - D | AQUARIUS. Results of the work bestowed (in grace). - _D_ | PISCES. Results of the work enjoyed (in conflict). -_C_ | ARIES. The Fulfilment of the Promised Deliverance. - - _The Third Book._ - -E | TAURUS. The Prophecy of the coming Judge of all the earth. - F | GEMINI. The Redeemer's reign. (Grace and Glory). - _F_ | CANCER. The Redeemer's possession (safe from all conflict). -_E_ | LEO. The fulfilment of the promised Triumph. - -Hence in CAPRICORNUS we must look for the _prophecy_ of this Coming -Sacrifice. As a matter of fact it did actually point out the time when the -Sun of Righteousness should arise, and "the Light of the World" appear. -For when this Promised Seed was born the Sun _was actually in this sign of -Capricornus_! "The fulness of time was come," and "God sent forth His Son -TO REDEEM them that were under the Law" (Gal. iv. 4). The Sun was really -amongst those very stars--_Al Gedi_, _the kid_, and _Deneb Al Gedi_, _the -sacrifice cometh_--when this willing Sacrifice said, "Lo I come to do Thy -will, O God." The nights were at their darkest and their longest when -Jesus was born. The days began immediately to lengthen when He, "the true -light," had come into the world.(48) - -Astronomers confess that the perverted legends of the Greeks give but "a -lame account" of this sign, "and it offers no illustration of _its ancient -origin_." - -Its ancient origin reveals a prophetic knowledge, which only He possessed -who knew that in "the fulness of time" He would send forth His Son. - -We now come to the three constellations which give us three pictures -setting forth the death of this Sacrifice and of His living again. - - - -1. SAGITTA (The Arrow). - - - _The Arrow of God sent forth_. - -It is not the Arrow of Sagittarius, for that has not left his bow. That -arrow is for the enemies of God. This is for the Son of God. It was of -this that He spoke when He said, in Ps. xxxviii. 2: - - - "Thine arrows stick fast in me, - And Thy hand presseth me sore." - - -He was "stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted, He was wounded for our -transgressions" (Isa. liii. 4, 5). He was "pierced," when He could say -with Job, "The arrows of the Almighty are within me" (vi. 4). - - [Illustration] - -Plate 17: SAGITTA (the Arrow), AQUILA (the Eagle), DELPHINUS (the Dolphin) - - -Here the arrow is pictured to us in mid-heaven, alone, as having been shot -forth by an invisible hand. It is seen in its flight through the heavens. -It is the arrow of God, showing that Redemption is all of God. It was "the -will of God" which Jesus came to do. Not a mere work of mercy for -miserable sinners, but a work ordained in eternity past, for the glory of -God in eternity future. - -This is the record of the Word, and this is what is pictured for us here. -The work which the arrow accomplishes is seen in the dying Goat, and in -the falling Eagle. - -There are many other stars in the heavens in a straighter line, which -would better serve for an arrow. Why are these stars chosen? Why is the -arrow placed here? What explanation can be given, except that the -Revelation in the stars and in the Book are both from the inspiration of -the same Spirit? - -There are about 18 stars, of which four are of the 4th magnitude. Only {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} -and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} are in the same line, while the shaft passes between {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}. - -The Hebrew name is _Sham_, _destroying_, or _desolate_. - - - -2. AQUILA (The Eagle). - - - _The Smitten One Falling._ - -Here we have an additional picture of the effect of this arrow, in the -pierced, wounded, and falling Eagle, gasping in its dying struggle. And -that pierced, wounded, and dying Saviour whom it represents, after saying, -in Ps. xxxviii. 2, "Thine arrows stick fast in Me," added, in verse 10: - - - "My heart panteth, My strength faileth Me, - As for the light of Mine eyes it is gone from Me." - - (See also Zech. xiii. 6.) - - -The names of the stars, all of them, bear out this representation. The -constellation contains 74 stars. The brightest of them, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the Eagle's -neck), is a notable star of the 1st magnitude, called _Al Tair_ (Arabic), -_the wounding_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the throat) is called _Al Shain_ (Arabic), -_the bright_, from a Hebrew root meaning _scarlet coloured_, as in Josh. -ii. 18. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the back) is called _Tarared_, _wounded_, or -_torn_. {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the lower wing) is named _Alcair_, which means _the -piercing_, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the tail), _Al Okal_, has the significant meaning -_wounded in the heel_. - -How can the united testimony of these names be explained except by -acknowledging a Divine origin? even that of Him who afterwards foretold of -the bruising of the Virgin's Son in the written Word; yea, of Him "who -telleth the number of the stars and giveth them all their names." - - - -3. DELPHINUS (The Dolphin). - - - _The Dead One Rising again._ - -This is a bright cluster of 18 stars, five of which are of the 3rd -magnitude. It is easily distinguished by the four brightest, which are in -the head. - -It is always figured as a fish full of life, and always with the head -upwards, just as the eagle is always with the head downwards. The great -peculiar characteristic of the dolphin is its rising up, leaping, and -springing out of the sea. - -When we compare this with the dying goat and falling eagle, what -conclusion can we come to but that we have here the filling in of the -picture, and the completion of the whole truth set forth in Capricornus? - -Jesus "died and rose again." Apart from His resurrection His death is -without result. In His conflict with the enemy it is only His coming again -in glory which is shown forth. But here, in connection with His people, -with the multitudes of His redeemed, Resurrection is the great and -important truth. He is "the first-fruits of them that slept"; then He, -too, is here represented as a fish. He who went down into the waters of -death for His people; He who could say "All thy waves and thy billows are -gone over me" (Ps. xlii. 7), He it is who rises up again from the dead, -having died on account of the sins of His redeemed, and risen again on -account of their justification (Rom. iv. 25). - -This is the picture here. In the Persian planisphere there seems to be a -fish and a stream of water. The Egyptian has a vessel pouring out water. - -The ancient names connected with this constellation are _Dalaph_ (Hebrew), -_pouring out of water_; _Dalaph_ (Arabic), _coming quickly;_ _Scalooin_ -(Arabic), _swift (as the flow of water); Rotaneb_ or _Rotaneu_ (Syriac and -Chaldee), _swiftly running_. - -Thus, in this first chapter of the Second Book we see the great truth of -Revelation set forth; and we learn how the great Blessings of Redemption -were procured. This truth cannot be more eloquently or powerfully -presented than in the language of Dr. Seiss:-- - - - "This strange goat-fish, dying in its head, but living in its - afterpart--falling as an eagle pierced and wounded by the arrow of - death, but springing up from the dark waves with the matchless - vigour and beauty of the dolphin--sinking under sin's condemnation, - but rising again as sin's conqueror--developing new life out of - death, and heralding a new springtime out of December's long drear - nights--was framed by no blind chance of man. The story which it - tells is the old, old story on which hangs the only availing hope - that ever came, or ever can come, to Adam's race. To what it - signifies we are for ever shut up as the only saving faith. In - that dying Seed of the woman we must see our sin-bearer and the - atonement for our guilt, or die ourselves unpardoned and - unsanctified. Through His death and bloodshedding we must find our - life, or the true life, which alone is life, we never can have." - - "Complete atonement Thou hast made, - And to the utmost farthing paid - Whate'er Thy people owed: - Nor can His wrath on me take place, - If sheltered in His righteousness, - And sprinkled with the blood. - - If my discharge Thou hast procured, - And freely in my room endured - The whole of wrath divine, - Payment God cannot twice demand, - First at my bleeding Surety's hand, - And then again at mine. - - Turn, then, my soul, unto Thy rest; - The merits of Thy great High Priest - Have bought thy liberty; - Trust in His efficacious blood, - Nor fear thy banishment from God, - Since Jesus died for thee." - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign AQUARIUS (The Water Bearer). - - - _Their Blessings Ensured, or the Living Waters of Blessing Poured Forth - for the Redeemed._ - -The Atonement being made, the blessings have been procured, and now they -can be bestowed and poured forth upon the Redeemed. This is the truth, -whether we think of Abel's lamb, of patriarchal sacrifices, the offerings -under the Law, or of that great Sacrifice of which they all testified. -They all with one voice tell us that atonement made is the only foundation -of blessing. - -This was pictured and foreshown in the heavens from the beginning, by a -man pouring forth water from an urn which seems to have an inexhaustible -supply, and which flows forth downwards into the mouth of a fish, which -receives it and drinks it all up. - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah it is the same idea, though the man -holds two urns, and the fish below seems to have come out of the urn. The -man is called _Hupei Tirion_, which means _the place of him coming down_ -or _poured forth_. - -In some eastern Zodiacs the Urn alone appears. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 18: AQUARIUS (the Water Bearer) & PISCIS AUSTRALIS (the Southern - Fish) - - -This agrees with its other names--Hebrew, _Deli_, _the water-urn_, or -_bucket_ (as in Num. xxiv. 7); the Arabic _Delu_ is the same. - -There are 108 stars in this Sign, four of which are of the 3rd magnitude. -Their names, as far as they have come down to us, are significant. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the right shoulder) is called _Sa'ad al Melik_, which means -_the record of the pouring forth_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the other shoulder) is called _Saad al Sund_, _who goeth -and returneth_, or _the pourer out_. - -The bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the lower part of the right leg) is well-known to- -day by its Hebrew name _Scheat_, which means _who goeth and returneth_. - -The bright star in the urn has an Egyptian name--_Mon_ or _Meon_, which -means simply _an urn_. - -Aquarius is the modern Latin name by which the sign is known. It has the -same meaning, _the pourer forth of water_. - -Can we doubt what is the interpretation of this sign? The Greeks, not -knowing Him of whom it testified, were, like the woman of Samaria, -destitute of that living water which He alone can give. They therefore -invented some story about _Deucalion_, the son of Prometheus; and another, -saying he is _Ganymede_, Jove's cup-bearer! But, as an astronomer says, -"We must account otherwise for the origin of this name; for it is not -possible to reconcile the symbols of the eleventh(49) sign with Grecian -mythology." No! we must go further back than that, and not cramp our -vision, and distort the Scriptures, by confining our thoughts to "the -Church." The Church is nowhere seen in these Signs, as she is nowhere -revealed in the Old Testament. This we shall enlarge on when we come to -the sign Pisces. Meanwhile we must read the witness of the stars as if -there had been no Church! - -Christ is first. Yea, He is all in all. The Scriptures testify of Him; and -the very stars in this Sign tell of His going away and His coming again. -These prophetic signs have to do with Him, with the Atonement He wrought, -with the conflict He endured, with the blessings He secured, with the -victory He shall win, and the triumph He shall have. For it is written: - - - "He shall pour the water out of His buckets, - And His seed shall be in many waters, - And His king shall be higher than Agag, - And His kingdom shall be exalted." - - (Num. xxiv. 7.) - - -It tells of that glorious day when - - - "A King shall reign in righteousness; - And princes shall rule in judgment; - And a MAN shall be as an hiding place - from the wind, - And a covert from the tempest; - As RIVERS of WATER in a dry place." - - (Isa. xxxii. 1, 2). - - -It speaks of that glorious time when Israel shall be restored, and their -"eyes shall see the King in His beauty"; when the peace of Zion shall be -no more disturbed, "but there the glorious LORD will be unto us a place of -broad rivers and streams" (Isa. xxxiii. 17, 20, 21). Then - - - "The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; - And the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose, - For in the wilderness shall waters break out, - And streams in the desert." - - (Isa. xxxv. 1, 6.) - - "I will open rivers in high places, - And fountains in the midst of the valleys; - I will make the wilderness a pool of water, - And the dry land springs of water." - - (Isa. xli. 18.) - - "Fear not, O Jacob, My servant; - And thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen, - For I will POUR WATER upon him that is thirsty, - And floods upon the dry ground; - I will pour My Spirit upon thy seed, - And My blessing upon thy offspring. - Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, - And his Redeemer the LORD of hosts." - - (Isa. xliv. 2, 3, 6.) - - -This is the meaning of the Sign. The MAN Christ Jesus, who was humbled in -death will yet be seen to be the pourer forth of every blessing. -_Physically_ pouring forth literal waters, removing the curse, and turning -this world into a paradise: - - - "Making her wilderness like Eden, - And her desert like the garden of the LORD." - - (Isa. li. 3.) - - -And _morally_ pouring forth His Spirit in such abundance as to fill the -whole earth with peace, and blessing, and glory, "as the waters cover the -sea." - -Upon Israel restored He will pour out His blessing. They will be sprinkled -with clean water, and possess a new heart and a new spirit (Ezek. xxxvi. -24-28; Joel ii. 28-32). - -Such are some of the Scriptures which tell of this glorious Water-pourer. -We need not rob Christ of His glory, or Israel of her blessing, in order -to see in all this Pentecost or the Church. These are quite independent of -the great line of prophetic truth. They are parenthetical, and distinct, -and true, quite apart from the glorious prophecies of Israel's scattering -and gathering. The physical marvels referred to in the texts above can -never be satisfied or exhausted by any spiritual fulfilment. We may make -an _application_ of them as far as is consistent with the teaching of the -epistles; but the _interpretation_ of them belongs to the Person of -Christ, and the nation of Israel. That interpretation is pictured for us -in the Sign, and in its three constellations. - - - -1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (The Southern Fish). - - - _The Blessings Bestowed._ - -This first constellation is one of high antiquity,(50) and its brilliant -star of the first magnitude was a subject of great study by the Egyptians -and Ethiopians. It is named in Arabic _Fom al Haut_, _the mouth of the -fish_. There are 22 other stars. - -The constellation is inseparable from Aquarius, in connection with which -we have shown it in Plate XVIII. In the Denderah Zodiac it is called -_Aar_, _a stream_. - -It sets forth the simple truth that the blessings procured by the MAN--the -coming Seed of the woman, will be surely bestowed and received by those -for whom they are intended. There will be no failure in their -communication, or in their reception. What has been purchased shall be -secured and possessed. - - - -2. PEGASUS (The Winged Horse). - - - _The Blessings Quickly Coming._ - -Not only shall they be received, but they shall be brought near. They will -not have to be fetched, but they will be caused to come to those for whom -they are procured, and will yet be _brought_ by Him who has procured them. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 19: PEGASUS (the Winged Horse) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac there are two characters immediately below the -horse, _Pe_ and _ka_. _Peka_ or _Pega_, is in Hebrew _the chief_, and -_Sus_ is _horse_. So that the very word (_Pegasus_) has come down to us -and has been preserved through all the languages. - -The names of the stars in this constellation declare to us its meaning. -There are 89 altogether; one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, three -of the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. And, as astronomers testify, "they -render Pegasus peculiarly remarkable." - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (on the neck of the horse at the junction of the wing), -comes down to us with the ancient Hebrew name of _Markab_, which means -_returning from afar_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the near shoulder) is called -_Scheat_, _i.e._, _who goeth and returneth_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (at the tip of the -wing) bears an Arabic name--_Al Genib_, _who carries_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -nostril) is called _Enif_ (Arabic), _the water_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} (in the near -leg) is called _Matar_ (Arabic), _who causes to overflow_. - -These names show us that we have to do with no mere horse. A winged horse -is unknown to nature. It must therefore be used as a figure; and it can be -a figure only of a person, even of Him who is "_the Branch_," as the star -_Enif_ shows, who said, "If I go away I will come again," as the star -_Scheat_ testifies. - -He who procured these blessings for the redeemed by His Atonement, is -quickly coming to bring them; and is soon returning to pour them forth -upon a groaning creation. This is the lesson of Pegasus. - - - "Come, blessed Lord, bid every shore - And answering island sing - The praises of Thy royal Name, - And own Thee as their King. - - Lord, Lord! Thy fair creation groans-- - The earth, the air, the sea-- - In unison with all our hearts, - And calls aloud for Thee. - - Thine was the Cross with all its fruits - Of grace and peace divine: - Be Thine the Crown of glory now, - The palm of victory Thine." - - - -3. CYGNUS (The Swan). - - - _The Blesser surely Returning._ - -This constellation repeats, emphasises, and affirms this glorious truth. -It has to do with the Great Blesser and His speedy return, as is testified -by all the ancient names connected with it. - -In the Denderah Zodiac it is named _Tes-ark_, which means _this from -afar_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 20: CYGNUS (the Swan) - - -It is a most brilliant and gorgeous asterism of 81 stars; one of the 1st -or 2nd, six of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th magnitude, etc. It contains -variable stars, five double stars, and one quadruple. The star marked "61 -Cygni" is known as one of the most wonderful in the whole heavens. It -consists of two stars which revolve about each other, and yet have a -progressive motion common to each! - -This mighty bird is not falling dead, like Aquila, but it is flying -swiftly in mid-heaven. It is coming to the earth, for it is not so much a -bird of the air, but a bird peculiarly belonging to both the earth and the -waters. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (between the body and the tail), is called _Deneb_ -(like another in Capricornus), and means _the judge_. It is also called -_Adige_, _flying swiftly_, and thus at once it is connected with Him who -cometh to judge the earth in righteousness. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the beak) is named _Al Bireo_ (Arabic), _flying quickly_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the body) is called _Sadr_ (Hebrew), _who returns as in a -circle_. - -The two stars in the tail, now marked in the maps as {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} 1 and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} 2, are -named _Azel_, _who goes and returns quickly_; and _Fafage_, _gloriously -shining forth_. - -The teaching, then, of the whole sign of AQUARIUS is clear and complete. -The names of the stars explain the constellations, and the names of the -constellations explain the sign, so that we are left in no doubt. - -By His atoning death (as set forth in CAPRICORNUS) He has purchased and -procured unspeakable blessings for His redeemed. This sign (AQUARIUS) -tells of those blessings being poured forth, and of the speedy return of -Him who is to bring "rivers of blessing," and to fill this earth with -blessing and glory "as the waters cover the sea." - - - "Then take, LORD, thy kingdom, and come in Thy glory; - Make the scene of Thy sorrows the place of Thy throne, - Complete all the blessing which ages in story - Have told of the triumphs so justly Thine own." - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign PISCES (The Fishes). - - - _The Blessings of the Redeemed in abeyance._ - -In this third chapter of the Second Book we come to the results of the -Redeemer's work enjoyed, but in connection with conflict, as is seen in -the last of the three sections (the constellation of _Andromeda_, _the -chained woman_), which leads up to the last chapter of the book, and ends -it in triumph over every enemy. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 21: PISCES (the Fish) and the Band - - -The Sign is pictured as two large fishes bound together by a _Band_, the -ends of which are fastened separately to their tails. One fish is -represented with its head pointing upwards towards the North Polar Star, -the other is shown at right angles, swimming along the line of the -ecliptic, or path of the sun. - -The ancient Egyptian name, as shown on the Denderah Zodiac, is _Pi-cot -Orion_, or _Pisces Hori_, which means _the fishes of Him that cometh_. - -The Hebrew name is _Dagim_, _the Fishes_, which is closely connected with -_multitudes_, as in Gen. xlviii. 26, where Jacob blesses Joseph's sons, -and says, "Let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth." The -margin says, "Let them grow _as fishes do increase_." It refers to the -fulfilment of Gen. i. 28, "Be fruitful and multiply." The _multitude_ of -Abraham's seed is prominent in the pronouncement of the blessings, where -God compared his future posterity to the stars of the sky, and the sand -upon the sea shore. "A very great multitude of fish," as in Ezek. xlvii. -9. - -The Syriac name is _Nuno_, _the fish_, _lengthened out (as in posterity)_. - -The sign, then, speaks of the multitudes who should enjoy the blessings of -the Redeemer's work. - -And here we must maintain that "the Church," which is "the Body of -Christ," was a subject that was never revealed to man until it was made -known to the Apostle Paul by a special revelation. The Holy Spirit -declares (Rom. xvi. 25) that it "was kept secret since the world began." -In Eph. iii. 9 he declares that it "from the beginning of the world hath -been hid in God"; and in Col. i. 26, that it "hath been hid from ages and -from generations, but now is made manifest to His saints." In each -scripture which speaks of it as "now made manifest," or "now made known," -it is distinctly stated that it was "a mystery," _i.e._, a _secret_, and -had, up to that moment, been hidden from mankind, hidden "in God." How, -then, we ask, can "the Church," which was _a subsequent_ revelation, be -read into the previous prophecies, whether written in the Old Testament -Scriptures, or made known in the Heavens? If the Church was revealed in -prophecy, then it could not have been said to be hidden or kept secret. If -the _first_ revelation of it was made known to Paul, as he distinctly -affirms it was, then it could not have been revealed before. Unless we see -this very clearly, we cannot "rightly divide the word of truth" (2 Tim. -ii. 15). And if we do not rightly divide the word of truth, in its -subjects, and times, and dispensations, we must inevitably be landed in -confusion and darkness, interpreting of the Church, scriptures which -belong only to Israel. - -The Church, or Body of Christ, is totally distinct from every class of -persons who are made the subject of prophecy. Not that the Church of God -was an after-thought. No, it was a Divine secret, kept as only God Himself -could keep it. The Bible therefore would have been complete (so far as the -Old Testament prophecies are concerned) if the Epistles (which belong only -to the Church) were taken out. The Old Testament would then give us the -kingdom prophesied; the Gospels and Acts, the King and the kingdom offered -and rejected; then the Apocalypse would follow, showing how that promised -kingdom will yet be set up with Divine judgment, power, and glory. - -If these Signs and these star-pictures be the results of inspired -patriarchs, then this Sign of PISCES can refer to "His seed," prophesied -of in Isa. liii.: "He shall see His seed." It must refer to - - - "The nation whose God is the LORD, - And the people whom He hath chosen for His own inheritance." - - (Ps. xxxiii. 12.) - - "Such as be blessed of Him shall inherit the earth." - - (Ps. xxxvii. 22.) - - "The LORD shall increase you more and more, - You and your children, - Ye are blessed of the LORD." - - (Ps. cxv. 14, 15.) - - "Their seed shall be known among the Gentiles. - And their offspring among the people; - All that see them shall acknowledge them, - That they are the seed which the LORD hath blessed." - - (Isa. lxi. 9.) - - "They are the seed of the blessed of the LORD, - And their offspring with them." - - (Isa. lxv. 23.) - - -The prophecy of this Sign was afterwards written in the words of Isa. -xxvi. 15--the song which shall yet be sung in the land of Judah: - - - "Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, - Thou hast increased the nation." - - -And in Isa. ix. 3 (R.V.), speaking of the glorious time when the -government shall be upon the shoulder of the coming King: - - - "Thou hast multiplied the nation, - Thou hast increased their joy." - - -Of that longed-for day Jeremiah sings (xxx. 19): - - - "I will multiply them - And they shall not be few; - I will also glorify them, - And they shall not be small." - - -Ezekiel also is inspired to say: - - - "I will multiply men upon you, - All the house of Israel, even all of it: - And the cities shall be inhabited, - And the wastes shall be builded; - And I will multiply upon you man and beast, - And they shall increase and bring fruit." - - (Ezek. xxxvi. 10, 11.) - - "Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them; - It shall be an everlasting covenant with them! - And I will place them, and multiply them, - And will set My sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore." - - (Ezek. xxxvii. 26.) - - -Indeed, this Sign of PISCES has always been interpreted of Israel. Both -Jews and Gentiles have agreed in this. ABARBANEL, a Jewish commentator, -writing on Daniel, affirms that the Sign PISCES always refers to the -people of Israel. He gives five reasons for this belief, and also affirms -that a conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn always betokens a -crisis in the affairs of Israel. Because such a conjunction took place in -his day (about 1480 A.D.) he looked for the coming of Messiah.(51) - -Certain it is, that when the sun is in PISCES all the constellations which -are considered _noxious_, are seen above the horizon. What is true in -astronomical observation is true also in historical fact. When God's -favour is shown to Israel, "the Jew's enemy" puts forth his malignant -powers. When they increased and multiplied in Egypt, he endeavoured to -compass the destruction of the nation by destroying the male children; but -their great Deliverer remembered His covenant, defeated the designs of the -enemy, and brought the counsel of the heathen to nought. So it was in -Persia; and so it will yet be again when the hour of Israel's final -deliverance has come. - -There can be no doubt that we have in this Sign the foreshowing of the -multiplication and blessing of the children of promise, and a token of -their coming deliverance from all the power of the enemy. - -But why _two_ fishes? and why is one horizontal and the other -perpendicular? The answer is, that not only in Israel, but in the seed of -Seth and Shem there were always those who looked for a heavenly portion, -and were "partakers of a heavenly calling." In Heb. xi. we are distinctly -told that Abraham "looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder -and maker is God" (_v._ 10). They were "strangers and pilgrims on the -earth" (_v._ 13). _Strangers_ are those without a home, and _pilgrims_ are -those who are journeying home: "they seek a country" (_v._ 14). They -desired "a better country, that is, an HEAVENLY: wherefore God is not -ashamed(52) to be called their God; for He hath prepared for them a city" -(_v._ 16). It is clear, therefore, that what are called the "Old Testament -Saints" were "partakers of THE HEAVENLY CALLING" (Heb. iii. 1), which -included a heavenly portion and a heavenly home; and all through the ages -there have been "partakers of the heavenly calling." This is quite -distinct from the calling of the Church, which is from both Jews and -Gentiles to form "one body," a "new man" in Christ (Eph. ii. 15). It must -be distinct, for it is expressly stated at the end of that chapter (Heb. -xi. 40) that God has "PROVIDED (marg. _forseen_) SOME BETTER THING FOR -US." How can this be a "better thing," if it is the _same thing_? There -must be two separate things if one is "better" than the other! Our calling -in Christ is the "better thing." The Old Testament saints had, and will -have, _a good thing_. They will have a heavenly blessing, and a heavenly -portion, for God has "prepared for them a city," and we see that prepared -city, even "the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of -HEAVEN, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband" (Rev. xxi. 2). This -is the "heavenly" portion of the Old Testament saints, the Bride of -Christ. The Church will have a still "better" portion, for "they without -us should not be made perfect" (Heb. xi. 40). - -The fish, shooting upwards to the Polar Star, exquisitely pictures this -"heavenly calling"; while the other fish, keeping on the horizontal line, -answers to those who were content with an earthly portion. - -But both alike were divinely called, and chosen, and upheld. The names of -two of the stars in the sign (not identified) are _Okda_ (Hebrew), _the -united_, and _Al Samaca_ (Arabic), _the upheld_.(53) These again speak of -the redeemed seed, of whom, and to whom, Jehovah speaks in that coming day -of glory in Isa. xli. 8-10 (R.V.):-- - - - "But thou, Israel, My servant, - Jacob, whom I have chosen, - The seed of Abraham My friend; - Thou whom I have taken hold of from the ends of the earth, - And called thee from the corners thereof, - And said unto thee, Thou art My servant; - I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away; - Fear thou not, for I am with thee; - Be not dismayed, for I am thy God! - I will strengthen thee; - Yea, I will help thee; - Yea, I will UPHOLD thee with the right hand of My righteousness." - - -This is the teaching of the Sign; and the first constellation takes up -this thought and emphasises it. - - - -1. THE BAND. - - - _The Redeemed Bound, but binding their Enemy._ - -The band that _unites_ these two fishes has always formed a separate -constellation. It is shown in Plate XXI. The Arabian poems of ANTARAH -frequently mention it as distinct from the Sign with which it is so -closely connected. ANTARAH was an Arabian poet of the sixth century. - -Its ancient Egyptian name was _U-or_, which means _He cometh_. Its Arabic -name is _Al Risha_, _the band_, or _bridle_. - -It speaks of the Coming One, not in His relation to Himself, or to His -enemies, but in His relation to _the Redeemed_. It speaks of Him who says: - - - "I drew them with cords of a man, - With bands of love; - And I was to them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws." - - (Hosea xi. 4, R.V.) - - -But it speaks also of His unloosing the bands with which they have been so -long bound. - -In the picture these fishes are bound. One end of the _band_ is fastened -securely round the tail of one fish, and it is the same with the other. -Moreover, this _band_ is fastened to the neck of _Cetus_, the sea monster, -while immediately above is seen a woman chained as a captive. These both -tell the same story, and, indeed, all are required to set forth the whole -truth. The fishes are _bound_ to _Cetus_; the woman (_Andromeda_) is -chained; but the Deliverer of both is near. Cepheus, the Crowned King, the -Redeemer, "the Breaker," the Branch, is seen coming quickly for the -deliverance of His redeemed. These are the three constellations of this -sign, and all three are required to set forth the story. - -Israel now is bound. The great enemy still oppresses, but deliverance is -sure. ARIES, _the Ram_, is seen with his paws on this band, as though -about to loosen the bands and set the captives free, and to fast bind -their great oppressor. - - - -2. ANDROMEDA (The Chained Woman). - - - _The Redeemed in their Bondage and Affliction._ - -This is a peculiar picture to set in the heavens. A woman with chains -fastened to her feet and arms, in misery and trouble; and bound, helpless, -to the sky. Yet this is the ancient foreshowing of the truth. - -In the Denderah Zodiac her name is _Set_, which means _set_, _set up as a -queen_. In Hebrew it is _Sirra_, _the chained_, and _Persea_, _the -stretched out_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 22: ANDROMEDA (the Chained Woman) - - -There are 63 stars in this constellation, three of which are of the 2nd -magnitude, two of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head), is called _Al Phiratz_ (Arabic), _the -broken down_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the body) is called _Mirach_ (Hebrew), _the -weak_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left foot) is called _Al Maach_, or _Al Amak_ -(Arabic), _struck down_. - -The names of other stars, not identified, are _Adhil_, _the afflicted_; -_Mizar_, _the weak_; _Al Mara_ (Arabic), _the afflicted_. ARATUS speaks of -_Desma_, which means _the bound_, and says-- - - - "Her feet point to her bridegroom - _Perseus_, on whose shoulder they rest." - - -Thus, with one voice, the stars of _Andromeda_ speak to us of the captive -daughter of Zion. And her coming Deliverer thus addresses her:-- - - - "O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, - Behold, ... in righteousness shalt thou be established: - Thou shalt be far from oppression; for thou shalt not fear: - And from terror; for it shall not come nigh thee." - - (Isa. liv. 11-14.) - - "Hear now this, thou afflicted.... - Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; - Put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem.... - Shake thyself from the dust; - Arise, and sit down, O Jerusalem: - Loose thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of - Zion. - For thus saith the LORD, Ye have sold yourselves for nought; - And ye shall be redeemed without money." - - (Isa. li. 21-lii. 3.) - - -"The virgin daughter of My people is broken with a great breach, with a -very grievous blow" (Jer. xiv. 17). - -The picture which sets forth her deliverance is reserved for the next -chapter (or Sign), where it comes in its proper place and order. We are -first shown her glorious Deliverer; for we never, in the heavens or in the -Word, have a reference to the sufferings without an _immediate_ reference -to the glory. - - - -3. CEPHEUS (The King). - - - _Their Redeemer Coming to Rule._ - -Here we have the presentation of a glorious king, crowned, and enthroned -in the highest heaven, with a sceptre in his hand, and his foot planted on -the very Polar Star itself. - -His name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Pe-ku-hor_, which means _this one -cometh to rule_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 23: CEPHEUS (the Crowned King) - - -The Greek name by which he is now known, _Cepheus_, is from the Hebrew, -and means _the branch_, and is called by EURIPIDES _the king_. - -An old Ethiopian name was _Hyk_, _a king_. - -There are 35 stars, _viz._, three of the 3rd magnitude, seven of the 4th, -etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left shoulder), is called _Al Deramin_, -which means _coming quickly_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the girdle), is named _Al -Phirk_ (Arabic), _the Redeemer_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left knee), is called -_Al Rai_, which means _who bruises_ or _breaks_. - -It is impossible to mistake the truth which these names teach. The Greeks, -though they had lost it, yet preserved a trace of it, even in their -perversion of it; for they held that _Cepheus_ was the father of -_Andromeda_, and that _Perseus_ was her husband. - -Yes; this is the glorious King of Israel, the "King of kings, and Lord of -lords." It is He who calls Israel His "son," and will yet manifest it to -all the world. - -In Jer. xxxi., after speaking of Israel's restoration, Jehovah says (_v._ -1):-- - - - "At the same time, saith the LORD, will I be the God of all the - families of Israel, - And they shall be My people.... - For I am a father to Israel, - And Ephraim is My firstborn" - - (_v._ 9). - - -As He said to Moses: "Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my -firstborn" (Exod. iv. 22). - -Here is the foundation of Israel's blessing. True, it is now in abeyance, -but "the LORD reigneth," and will in due time make good His Word, for - - - "The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever. - The thoughts of His heart to all generations." - - (Ps. xxxiii. 11.) - - -This leads us up to the last chapter of the Second Book, which shows us -the fulfilment of all the prophecies concerning the Redeemed and the sure -foundation on which their great hope of glory is based. - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign ARIES (The Ram or Lamb). - - - _The Blessings of the Redeemed Consummated and Enjoyed._ - -This Second Book began with _the Goat_ dying in sacrifice, and it ends -with the Lamb living again, "as it had been slain." The goat had the tail -of a fish, indicating that his death was for a _multitude_ of the -redeemed. In the two middle Signs we have had these fishes presented to us -in grace, and in their conflict. We come now to the last chapter of the -book: and, as we have seen, like each of the other books, it ends up with -victory and triumph. Here we are first shown the foundation on which that -victory rests, namely, Atonement. Hence we are taken back and reminded of -the "blood of the Lamb." - -This is pictured by a ram, or lamb, full of vigour and life; not falling -in death as _Capricornus_ is. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 24: ARIES (the Ram) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac its name is _Tametouris Ammon_, which means _the -reign_, _dominion_, or _government of Ammon_. The lamb's head is without -horns, and is crowned with a circle. - -The Hebrew name is _Taleh_, _the lamb_. The Arabic name is _Al Hamal_, -_the sheep_, _gentle_, _merciful_. This name has been mistakenly given by -some to the principal star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}. The Syriac name is _Amroo_, as in the -Syriac New Testament in John i. 29: "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh -away the sin of the world." The ancient Akkadian name was _Bara-ziggar_. -_Bar_ means _altar_, or _sacrifice_; and _ziggar_ means _right making_; so -that the full name would be _the sacrifice of righteousness_. - -There are 66 stars in this sign, one being of the 2nd magnitude, two of -the 4th, etc. - -Its chief star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the forehead), is named _El Nath_,(54) or _El -Natik_, which means _wounded_, _slain_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left horn), is -called _Al Sheratan_, _the bruised_, _the wounded_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (near to -{~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}), is called _Mesartim_ (Hebrew), _the bound_. - -How is it there is no conflicting voice? How is it that all the stars -unite in one harmonious voice in testifying of the Lamb of God, slain, and -bruised, but yet living for evermore, singing together, "Worthy is the -Lamb that was slain to receive power and riches, and wisdom, and strength, -and honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v. 12)? - -This rejoicing connected with the Lamb shines faintly through the heathen -perversions and myths: for HERODOTUS tells us how the ancient Egyptians, -once a year, when it opened by the entrance of the sun into ARIES,(55) -slew a Ram, at the festival of Jupiter Ammon; branches were placed over -the doors, the Ram was garlanded with wreaths of flowers and carried in -procession. Now the sun entered ARIES on the 14th of the Jewish month -Nisan, and _another lamb_ was then ordered to be slain, even "the LORD'S -passover"--the type of that Lamb that should in the fulness of time be -offered without blemish and without spot. Owing to the precession of the -equinoxes, the sun, at the time of the Exodus, had receded into this sign -of ARIES, which then marked the Spring Equinox. But by the time that the -antitype--the Lamb of God, was slain, the sun had still further receded, -and on the 14th of Nisan, in the year of the Crucifixion, stood at the -very spot marked by the stars {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _El Nath_, _the pierced_, _the wounded_ -or _slain_, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, _Al Sheratan_, _the bruised_ _or wounded_! God so -ordained "the times and seasons" that during that noon-day darkness the -sun was seen near those stars which had spoken for so many centuries of -this bruising of the woman's Seed--the Lamb of God. - -Was this design? or was it chance? It is far easier to believe the former. -It makes a smaller demand upon our faith; yes, we are compelled to believe -that He who created the sun and the stars "for signs and for cycles," -ordained also the times and the seasons, and it is He who tells us that -"WHEN THE FULNESS OF TIME WAS COME, God sent forth His Son" (Gal. iv. 4), -and that "in due time Christ died for the ungodly" (Rom. v. 6). - - - -1. CASSIOPEIA (The Enthroned Woman). - - - _The Captive Delivered, and Preparing for her Husband, the Redeemer._ - -In the last chapter we saw the _woman bound_; here we see the same woman -freed, delivered, and enthroned. - -ULUGH BEY says its Arabic name is _El Seder_, which means _the freed_. - -In the Denderah Zodiac her name is _Set_, which means _set_, _set up as -Queen_. ALBUMAZER says this constellation was anciently called "_the -daughter of splendour_." This appears to be the meaning of the word -_Cassiopeia_, _the enthroned_, _the beautiful_. The Arabic name is -_Ruchba_, _the enthroned_. This is also the meaning of its Chaldee name, -_Dat al cursa_. - -There are 55 stars in this constellation, of which five are of the 3rd -magnitude, five of the 4th, etc. - -This beautiful constellation passes vertically over Great Britain every -day, and is easily distinguished by its five brightest stars, forming an -irregular W. - - [Illustration] - - Illustration showing the W of Cassiopeia - - -This brilliant constellation contains one binary star, a triple star, a -double star, a quadruple star, and a large number of nebul. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 25: CASSIOPEIA (the Enthroned Woman) - - -In the year 1572 Tycho Brahe discovered in this constellation, and very -near the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (under the arm of the chair), a new star, which shone more -brightly than Venus. It was observed for nearly two years, and disappeared -entirely in 1574. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left breast), is named _Schedir_ (Hebrew), -which means _the freed_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the top of the chair), likewise -bears a Hebrew name--_Caph_, which means _the branch_; it is evidently -given on account of the branch of victory which she bears in her hand. - -She is indeed highly exalted, and making herself ready. Her hands, no -longer bound, are engaged in this happy work. With her right hand she is -arranging her robes, while with her left she is adorning her hair. She is -seated upon the Arctic circle, and close by the side of _Cepheus_, the -King. - -This is "the Bride, the Lamb's wife, the heavenly city, the new -Jerusalem," the "partakers of the heavenly calling." - -He who has redeemed her is "the Lamb that was slain," and He addresses her -thus: - - - "Thy Maker is thine husband; - The LORD of Hosts is His name; - And the Holy One of Israel is thy Redeemer; - The God of the whole earth shall He be called. - For the LORD hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in - spirit, - Even a wife of youth when she is cast off, saith thy God. - For a small moment have I forsaken thee; - But with great mercies will I gather thee. - In overflowing wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; - But with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the - LORD thy Redeemer." - - (Isa. liv. 5-8. R.V.) - - "Thou shalt be a crown of beauty in the hand of the LORD, - And a royal diadem in the hand of thy God, - Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; - Neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate; - But thou shalt be called Hephzi-bah (_i.e._, _my delight is in - her_), - And thy land Beulah (_i.e._, _married_); - For the LORD delighteth in thee, - And thy land shall be married. - For as a young man marrieth a virgin, - So shall thy sons (_Heb._ thy Restorer) marry thee: - And as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, - "So shall thy God rejoice over thee. - - (Isa. lxii. 3-5, R.V.) - - "The LORD hath appeared of old (or from afar) unto me, _saying_, - Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love; - Therefore with loving kindness have I drawn thee. - Again will I build thee, and thou shalt be built, O Virgin of - Israel.... - He that scattered Israel will gather him, - And keep him as a shepherd doth his flock, - For the LORD hath ransomed Jacob, - And redeemed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he." - - (Jer. xxxi. 3-12, R.V.) - - -Can we close our eyes to the testimony of these scriptures--that Israel is -the Bride of the Lamb? When we have all these, and more, why should we -read "the Church" into these ancient prophecies, which was the subject of -a long-subsequent revelation, merely because (in Eph. v. 25) Christ's love -to His Church is _compared_ to a husband's love for his wife? "Husbands, -love your wives, even AS Christ also loved the Church." There is not a -word here about the Church being His wife. On the contrary, it reveals the -secret that the Church of Christ is to be the mystical "Body of Christ," -_part of the Husband_ in fact, "One new man" (Eph. ii. 15)! whereas -restored Israel is to be the Bride of this "New Man," the Bride of Christ, -the Lamb's wife! Blessed indeed it is to be united to Christ as a wife to -a husband, but glorious beyond all description to be "one" with Christ -Himself, part of His mystical Body. - -If men had only realised the wondrous glory of this mystery, they would -never have so _wrongly_ divided the Word of Truth by _interpreting_ Psalm -xlv. of this Mystical Christ. If we "rightly divide" it, we see at once -that this Psalm is in harmony with all the Old Testament scriptures, which -must be interpreted alike, and can be interpreted only of Israel however -they may be _applied_. - -Having spoken of the Godhead and glory of this King (faintly and in part -foreshown by _Cepheus_), the Holy Spirit goes on in the latter part of the -Psalm to speak of the Bride--the Queen: - - - "At Thy right hand doth stand the Queen in gold of Ophir, - Hearken, O daughter, and consider, incline thine ear; - Forget also thine own people, and thy father's house; - So shall the King desire thy beauty;(56) - For He is thy Lord; and worship thou Him.... - The King's daughter within _the palace_ is all glorious; - Her clothing is inwrought with gold, - She shall be led unto the King in broidered work; - The virgins her companions(57) that follow her shall be brought - unto thee," etc. - - (Ps. xlv. 9-17, R.V.) - - -Then shall she sing her Magnificat: - - - "I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, - My soul shall be joyful in my God; - For He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, - He hath covered me with the robe of righteousness, - As a bridegroom decketh _himself_ with ornaments, - And as a bride adorneth _herself_ with her jewels. - For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, - And as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring - forth; - So the Lord GOD [Adonai Jehovah] will cause righteousness and - praise to spring forth before all the nations." - - (Isa. lxi. 10, 11.) - - -This, then, is the truth set forth by this enthroned woman. The blessing -founded on Atonement, and the Redemption wrought by the Lamb that was -slain, result in a glorious answer to Israel's prayer, "Turn our -captivity, O LORD" (Ps. cxxvi. 4): when they that have "sown in tears -shall reap in joy," and the LORD shall loosen her bonds, and place her -enthroned by His side. - -This, however, involves the destruction of her enemy, and this is what we -see in the next section. - - - -2. CETUS (The Sea Monster). - - - _The Great Enemy Bound._ - -When John sees the New Jerusalem, the Bride, the Lamb's wife (Rev. xxi. -10, 2), Satan has been bound already: for we read, a few verses before -(xx. 1-3): "I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the -bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. And he laid hold of the -dragon, that Old Serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him -[_and kept him bound_] a thousand years, and cast him into the bottomless -pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the -nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled." - -This is what we see in the second section of this chapter--the second -constellation in ARIES. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 26: CETUS (the Sea Monster) - - -The picture is that of a great Sea-monster, the largest of all the -constellations. It is the natural enemy of fishes, hence it is placed here -in connection with this last chapter, in which fishes are so prominent. - -It is situated very low down among the constellations--far away towards the -south or lower regions of the sky. - -Its name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Knem_, which means _subdued_. It is -pictured as a monstrous head, trodden under foot by the swine, the natural -enemy of the serpent. The hawk also (another enemy of the serpent) is over -this figure, crowned with a mortar, denoting _bruising_. - -It consists of 97 stars, of which two are of the 2nd magnitude, eight of -the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. - -The names of the stars interpret for us infallibly the meaning of the -picture. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the upper mandible), is named _Menkar_, and -means _the bound_ or _chained enemy_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the tail), is called -_Diphda_, or _Deneb Kaitos_, _overthrown_, or _thrust down_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~} -(in the neck) is named _Mira_, which means _THE REBEL_. Its name is -ominous, for the star is one of the most remarkable. It is very bright, -but it was not till 1596 that it was discovered to be _variable_. It -disappears periodically _seven_ times in _six_ years! It continues at its -brightest for fifteen days together. M. Bade says that during 334 days it -shines with its greatest light, then it diminishes, till it entirely -disappears for some time (to the naked eye). In fact, during that period -it passes through several degrees of magnitude, both increasing and -diminishing. Indeed its variableness is so great as to make it appear -_unsteady_! - -Here, then, is the picture of the Great Rebel as shown in the heavens. -What is it, as written in the Word? - -The Almighty asks man:-- - - - "Canst thou draw out Leviathan with a fish hook? - Or press down his tongue with a cord? - Canst thou put a rope into his nose? - Or pierce his jaw through with a hook?... - Shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him? - None is so fierce that he dare stir him up." - - (Job xli. 1-10, R.V.) - - -But he whom man cannot bind can be bound by the Lamb, and He is seen with -"the Band" that has bound the fishes, now in His hands, which he has -fastened with a bright star to his neck, saying,-- - - - "Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, - Even the dregs of the cup of My fury; - Thou shalt no more drink it again, - But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee." - - (Isa. li. 22, 23.) - - "Behold, the LORD cometh forth out of His place - To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity.... - In that day the LORD, with His sore, and great, and strong sword, - Shall punish Leviathan, the piercing serpent, - And Leviathan, the crooked serpent; - And He shall slay the dragon that is in the sea." - - (Isa. xxvi. 21-xxvii. 1.) - - "For God is my king of old, - Working salvation in the midst of the earth. - Thou didst divide (marg. _Heb._, _break_) the sea by Thy strength, - Thou brakest the heads of the dragons (R.V. marg., _sea monsters_) - in the waters. - Thou brakest the heads of Leviathan in pieces." - - (Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.) - - -And this Second Book closes by revealing to us this glorious "Breaker." - - - -3. PERSEUS ("The Breaker.") - - - _"__The Breaker__"__ delivering His Redeemed._ - -Here we have set before us a mighty man, called in the Hebrew _Peretz_, -from which we have the Greek form _Perses_, or _Perseus_ (Rom. xvi. 13). -It is the same word which is used of Christ in Micah ii. 13. When He shall -surely "gather the remnant of Israel" (_v._ 12), it is written-- - - - "THE BREAKER is gone up before them.... - Their King is passed on before them, - And the LORD at the head of them." - - -This is what is pictured to us here. We see a glorious "Breaker" taking -His place before His redeemed, breaking forth at their head, breaking down -all barriers, and breaking the heads of Leviathan and all his hosts. In -His right hand He has His "sore, and great, and strong sword" lifted up to -smite and break down the enemy. He has wings on His feet, which tell us -that He is coming very swiftly. In His left hand He carries the head of -the enemy, whom he has slain. - -In the Denderah Zodiac His name is _Kar Knem_, _he who fights and -subdues_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 27: PERSEUS (the Breaker) - - -It is a beautiful constellation of 59 stars, two of which are of the 2nd -magnitude, four of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -Their names supply us with the key to the interpretation of the picture. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the waist) is called _Mirfak_, _who helps_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in -the right shoulder), is named _Al Genib_, which means _who carries away_. -The bright star in the left foot is called _Athik_, _who breaks_! - -In his left hand he carries a head, which, by perversion, the Greeks -called the head of Medusa, being ignorant that its Hebrew root meant _the -trodden under foot_.(58) It is also called _Rosh Satan_ (Hebrew), _the -head of the adversary_, and _Al Oneh_ (Arabic), _the subdued_, or _Al -Ghoul_, _the evil spirit_. - -The bright star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in this head), has come down to us with the name _Al -Gol_, which means _rolling round_. - -It is a most remarkable phenomenon that so many of these enemies should be -characterised by variable stars! But this head of _Medusa_, like the neck -of _Cetus_, has one. _Al Gol_ is continually changing. In about 69 hours -it changes from the 4th magnitude to the 2nd. During four hours of this -period it gradually diminishes in brightness, which it recovers in the -succeeding four hours; and in the remaining part of the time invariably -preserves its greatest lustre. After the expiration of this time its -brightness begins to decrease again. Fit emblem of our great enemy, who, -"like a _roaring lion_, goeth about seeking whom he may devour" (1 Pet. v. -8.); then changing into a _subtle serpent_ (Gen. iii. 8.); then changing -again into "an angel of light" (2 Cor. xi. 14.). "Transforming himself" -continually, to devour, deceive, and destroy. - -This brings us to the conclusion of the Second Book, in which we have seen -the Redeemed blessed with all blessings, delivered out of all conflict, -saved from all enemies. We have seen their Redeemer, "the Lamb slain from -the foundation of the world," "the Conqueror," "the King of Kings and Lord -of Lords." - -This is the Revelation recorded in the heavens. This is the prophetic -testimony inspired in the Book. And this is the heart-cry prompted by -both:-- - - - "Come, Lord, and tarry not, - Bring the long-looked-for day; - Oh, why these years of waiting here, - These ages of delay? - - Come, for Thy saints still wait; - Daily ascends their cry: - 'The Spirit and the Bride say, Come'; - Dost Thou not hear their cry? - - Come, for creation groans, - Impatient of Thy stay; - Worn out with these long years of ill, - These ages of delay. - - Come, for Thine Israel pines, - An exile from Thy fold; - Oh, call to mind Thy faithful word, - And bless them as of old. - - Come, for Thy foes are strong; - With taunting lips they say, - 'Where is the promised advent now, - And where the dreaded day?' - - Come, for the good are few; - They lift the voice in vain; - Faith waxes fainter on the earth, - And love is on the wane. - - Come, in Thy glorious might; - Come, with Thine iron rod; - Disperse Thy foes before Thy face, - Most mighty Son of God. - - Come, and make all things new, - Build up this ruined earth; - Restore our faded paradise, - Creation's second birth. - - Come, and begin Thy reign - Of everlasting peace; - Come, take the kingdom to Thyself, - Great King of Righteousness." - - _Dr. Horatius Bonar._ - - - - - -THE THIRD BOOK. THE REDEEMER. - - - HIS SECOND COMING. - -In this Third and Last Book we come to the concluding portion of this -Heavenly Revelation. Its subject is Redemption completed, and consummated -in triumph. No more sorrow, suffering, or conflict; no more the bruising -of the heel of the Redeemer. We have now done with the prophecies of "the -sufferings of Christ," and have come to those that relate to "the glory -that should follow." - -No more reference now to His _first_ coming in humiliation. No more coming -"forth" to suffer and die, a sacrifice for sins; the reference now is only -to His second coming in glory; His coming "unto" this earth is not to -suffer for sin (Heb. ix. 28.), but it will be a coming in power to judge -the earth in righteousness, and to subdue all enemies under His feet. - -Like the other two books, it consists of four chapters. - -The _first_ chapter is the prophecy of the coming Judge of all the earth. - -The _second_ sets before us the two-fold nature of the coming Ruler. - -The _third_ shows us Messiah's redeemed possessions--the Redeemed brought -safely home, all conflict over. - -The _fourth_ describes Messiah's consummated triumph. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign TAURUS (The Bull). - - - _Messiah, the coming Judge of all the Earth._ - -The picture is that of a Bull rushing forward with mighty energy and -fierce wrath, his horns set so as to push his enemies, and pierce them -through and destroy them. - -It is a prophecy of Christ, the coming Judge, and Ruler, and "Lord of all -the earth." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 28: TAURUS (the Bull) - - -The Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah already, 4,000 years ago, had forgotten -the truth to which the prophecy had referred, and called him _Isis_, -_i.e._, _who saves or delivers_, and _Apis_, _i.e._, _the head or chief_. -The Bull is clearly represented, and in all the zodiacs which have come -down to us is always in the _act of pushing_, or _rushing_. - -The name of the sign in Chaldee is {~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Tor_. Hence, Arabic, _Al -Thaur_; Greek, _Tauros_; Latin, _Taurus_, etc. The more common Hebrew name -was {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Shur_, which is from a root which means both _coming_ and -_ruling_. There are several Hebrew words for bulls and oxen, etc. But the -common poetical term for all is {~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}, _Reem_, conveying the idea of -loftiness, exaltation, power, and pre-eminence. We find the root in other -kindred languages (Etruscan, Sanscrit, etc.), and it can be traced in the -name of Abram, which means _pre-eminent_ or _high father_; _Ramah_, _high -place_, etc. - -The stars in Taurus present a brilliant sight. There are at least 141 -stars, besides two important groups of stars, which both form integral -parts of the sign. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the bull's eye), has a Chaldee name--_Al -Debaran_, and means _the leader_ or _governor_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (at the tip of -the left horn) has an Arabic name--_El Nath_, meaning _wounded_ or _slain_. -Another prophetic intimation that this coming Lord should be first slain -as a sacrifice. - -Then there is the cluster of stars known as the _Pleiades_. This word, -which means _the congregation of the judge_ or _ruler_, comes to us -through the Greek Septuagint as the translation of the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, -_Chima_, which means _the heap_ or _accumulation_, and occurs in Job ix. -9; xxxviii. 31, 32, and Amos v. 8. - -It consists of a number of stars (in the neck of Taurus) which appear to -be near together. The brightest of them, marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} in all the maps,(59) has -come down to us with an Arabic name--_Al Cyone_, which means _the centre_, -and has given the idea to some astronomers that it is the centre of the -whole universe. The Syriac name for the Pleiades is _Succoth_, which means -_booths_. - -Another group of stars (on the face of the Bull) is known as _The -Hyades_,(60) which has the similar meaning of _the congregated_. - -Other stars, not identified, are named _Palilicium_ (Hebrew), _belonging -to the judge_; _Wasat_ (Arabic), _centre_ or _foundation_; _Al Thuraiya_ -(Arabic), _the abundance_; _Vergili_ (Latin), _the centre_ (Arabic, -_vertex_) _turned on_, _rolled round_. - -Every thing points to the important truth, and all _turns_ on the fact -that the Lord is COMING TO RULE! This is the central truth of all -prophecy. "The testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy." All hope for -Creation, all hope for the world, all hope for Israel, all hope for the -Church, turns on this, that "Jesus is coming again," and that when He -comes His saints, "the daughters of the King" (like the Pleiades and -Hyades), will be with Him. - -There is nothing of "the Church" revealed here. The Church will be caught -up to meet the Lord in the air, to be for ever with the Lord (1 Thess. iv. -17) _before_ He thus _comes unto_ the world in judgment. He will _come -forth_ to receive the members of His Body unto Himself, before He thus -comes with them to destroy all His enemies and "judge (or rule) the world -in righteousness." When we read this Sign of Taurus, therefore, we are to -understand that His Church will be _with_ Him, safe from all judgment. - -There is very much in the Scripture of the Book, (as there is in the -prophecies in the heavens) about the coming of the Lord in judgment; and -about this time of His indignation. For Enoch, who doubtless was used in -arranging these prophetic _signs_, uttered the prophetic _words_, "Behold -the Lord cometh with ten thousands of His saints to execute judgment upon -all and to convict all that are ungodly" (Jude 14, 15). - -We have said (pages 17, etc.) that at a very early period these signs were -appropriated to the Twelve Tribes of Israel, and borne upon their -"standards." This may be traced in the Blessing of Jacob (Gen. xlix.), and -in the Blessing of Moses (Deut. xxxiii.). Taurus was assigned to Joseph, -or rather to his two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, like the two powerful -horns: - - - "The firstling of his bullock (marg. _his firstling - bullock_)--majesty is his, - And his horns are the horns of the wild-ox (_Reem_). - With them he shall PUSH (marg. _gore_) the peoples, all of them, - even the ends of the earth. - And they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, - And they are the thousands of Manasseh." - - (Deut. xxxiii, 17, R.V.) - - -It is not, however, merely by men alone that this will be done, for David -sings: - - - "Thou art my King, O GOD.... - Through Thee will we PUSH down our enemies; - Through Thy Name will we tread them under that rise up against - us." - - (Ps. xliv. 5.) - - "I will punish the world for their evil, - And the wicked for their iniquity; - I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, - And will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.... - Every one that is found shall be THRUST THROUGH." - - (Isa. xiii. 11-15.) - - -Speaking of that day, the Holy Spirit says by Isaiah: - - - For the LORD hath indignation against all the nations," - And fury against all their host: - He hath utterly destroyed them, - He hath delivered them to the slaughter.... - The LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, - And a great slaughter in the land of Edom, - And the wild oxen [_Reem_] shall come down with them, - And the bullocks with the bulls; - And their land shall be drunken with blood, - And their dust made fat with fatness. - For it is the day of the LORD'S vengeance, - The year of recompense in the controversy of Zion." - - (Isa. xxxiv. 2-8, R.V.) - - "Behold, the LORD cometh forth out of His place - To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: - The earth also shall disclose her blood, - And shall no more cover her slain." - - (Isa. xxvi. 21.) - - -This is the united testimony of the two Revelations. It is pictured in the -heavens, and it is written in the Book. It is the prophecy of a coming -Judge, and of a coming judgment. - -It is, however, no mere _Bull_ that is coming. It is a man, a glorious -man, even "the Son of Man." This is the first development, shown in the -first of the three constellations belonging to the sign. - - - -1. ORION (The Coming Prince). - - - _Light Breaking Forth in the Redeemer._ - - [Illustration] - - Plate 29: ORION (the Glorious One) - - -This picture is to show that the coming one is no mere animal, but a man: -a mighty, triumphant, glorious prince. - -He is so pictured in the ancient Denderah Zodiac, where we see a man -coming forth pointing to the three bright stars (_Rigel_, _Bellatrix_, and -_Betelguez_) as his. His name is given as _Ha-ga-t_, which means _this is -he who triumphs_. The hieroglyphic characters below read _Oar_. Orion was -anciently spelt _Oarion_, from the Hebrew root, which means _light_. So -that Orion means _coming forth as light_. The ancient Akkadian was _Ur- -ana_, _the light of heaven_. - -Orion is the most brilliant of all the constellations, and when he comes -to the meridian he is accompanied by several adjacent constellations of -great splendour. There is then above the horizon the most glorious view of -the celestial bodies that the starry firmament affords; and this -magnificent view is visible to all the habitable world, because the -equinoctial line (or solstitial colure) passes nearly through the middle -of Orion. - -ARATUS thus sings of him:-- - - - "Eastward, beyond the region of the Bull, - Stands great Orion. And who, when night is clear, - Beholds him gleaming bright, shall cast his eyes in vain - To find a Sign more glorious in all heaven." - - -The constellation is mentioned by name, as being perfectly well known both -by name and appearance, in the time of Job; and as being an object of -familiar knowledge at that early period of the world's history. See Job -ix. 9; xxxviii. 31, and Amos v. 8 (Heb. {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _Chesil_, which means _a -strong one_, _a hero_, or _giant_). - -It contains 78 stars, two being of the 1st magnitude, four of the 2nd, -four of the 3rd, sixteen of the 4th, etc. - -A little way below {~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~} (in the sword) is a very remarkable nebulous star. A -common telescope will show that it is a beautiful nebula. A powerful -telescope reveals it as consisting of collections of nebulous stars, these -again being surrounded by faint luminous points, which still more powerful -telescopes would resolve into separate stars. - -Thus beautifully is set forth the brilliancy and glory of that _Light_ -which shall break forth when the moment comes for it to be said, "Arise, -shine, for thy light is come." - -The picture presents us with "the Light of the world." His left foot is -significantly placed upon the head of the enemy. He is girded with a -glorious girdle, studded with three brilliant stars; and upon this girdle -is hung a sharp sword. Its handle proves that this mighty Prince is come -forth in a new character. He is again proved to be "the Lamb that was -slain," for the hilt of this sword is in the form of the head and body of -a lamb. In his right hand he lifts on high his mighty club; while in his -left he holds forth the token of his victory--the head and skin of the -"roaring lion." We ask in wonder, "Who is this?"(61) and the names of the -stars give us the answer. - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the right shoulder), is named _Betelgeuz_, which -means _the coming_ (Mal. iii. 2) _of the branch_. - -The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left foot), is named _Rigel_, or _Rigol_, which means -_the foot that crusheth_. The foot is lifted up, and placed immediately -over the head of the enemy, as though in the very act of crushing it. -Thus, the name of the star bespeaks the act. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left shoulder), is called _Bellatrix_, which -means _quickly coming_, or _swiftly destroying_. - -The name of the fourth star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (one of the three in the belt), carries us -back to the old, old story, that this glorious One was once humbled; that -His heel was once bruised. Its name is _Al Nitak_, _the wounded One_.(62) -Similarly the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (in the right leg) is called _Saiph_, _bruised_, -which is the very word used in Gen. iii. 15, thus connecting Orion with -the primeval prophecy. Like Ophiuchus, he has one leg _bruised_; while, -with the other, he is _crushing_ the enemy under foot. - -This is betokened by other stars, not identified, named _Al Rai_, _who -bruises_, _who breaks_ (as in _Cepheus_); and _Thabit_ (Hebrew), _treading -on_. - -Other (Arabic) names relate to His Person: _Al Giauz_, _the branch_; _Al -Gebor_, _the mighty_; _Al Mirzam_, _the ruler_; _Al Nagjed_, _the prince_; -_Niphla_ (Chaldee), _the mighty_; _Nux_ (Hebrew), _the strong_. - -Some names relate to His coming, as _Betelgeuse_ and _Bellatrix_, as -above; _Heka_ (Chaldee), _coming_; and _Meissa_ (Hebrew), _coming forth_. - -Such is the cumulative testimony of Orion's stars, which, day after day, -and night after night, show forth this knowledge. That testimony was -afterwards written in the Book. The Prince of Glory, who was once wounded -for the sins of His redeemed, is about to rise up and shine forth for -their deliverance. Their redemption draweth nigh; for-- - - - "The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, - He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war; - He shall cry, yea, roar; - He shall prevail against His enemies. - I have [_He says_] long time holden my peace; - I have been still, and refrained myself: - Now will I cry like a travailing woman; - I will destroy and devour at once." - - (Isa. xlii. 13, 14.) - - -Then it will be said to His people (and the setting of the prophecy in its -beautiful introverted structure shows us the beauty and glory of the truth -it reveals):(63) - - - a | _Arise_, - b | Shine; for _thy light_ is come, - c | And _the glory of the _LORD is risen upon thee. - d | For, behold, the _darkness_ shall cover the earth, - _d_ | And gross _darkness_ the people; - _c_ | But _the _LORD shall arise upon thee, and _His - glory_ shall be seen upon thee. - _b_ | And the Gentiles shall come to _thy light_, - _a_ | And kings to the brightness of thy _rising_. - - (Isa. lx. 1-3.) - - -This is "the glory of God" which the heavens constantly declare (Ps. xix. -1). They tell of that blessed time when the whole earth shall be filled -with His glory (Num. xiv. 21; Isa. xi. 9); when "the glory of the LORD -shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together" (Isa. xl. 5), as -all see now the beauty of Orion's glory. - -But side by side with the glory which the coming Light of the world shall -bring for His people, there is "that wicked," whom the Lord "shall destroy -with the brightness of His coming." Hence, as in the concluding chapter -(IV.) of the _First_ Book (of which this _Third_ Book is the expansion) we -had in LYRA (_the harp_), as 1, Praise prepared for the Conqueror; and -in ARA (_the burning pyre_), as 2, Consuming fire prepared for His -enemies: so in the _first_ chapter of this book, we have in ORION, as 1, -Glory prepared for the Conqueror; and in ERIDANUS, as 2, the River of -wrath prepared for His enemies. This brings us to-- - - - -2. ERIDANUS (The River of the Judge). - - - _The River of Wrath Breaking Forth for His Enemies._ - -It issues forth, in all the pictures, from the down-coming foot of Orion. -While others see in it, from the ignorance of fabled story, only "the -River Po," or the "River Euphrates," we see in it, from the meaning of its -name, and from the significance of its position, _the river of the Judge_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 30: ERIDANUS (the River) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac it is a river under the feet of Orion. It is named -_Peh-ta-t_, which means _the mouth of the river_. - -It is an immense constellation, and our diagram is on a smaller scale than -the others (which are all in relative proportion, except where otherwise -noted). - -According to the Britannic catalogue, it consists of 84 stars; one of the -1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, eight of the 3rd, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (at the mouth of the river), bears the ancient name -of _Achernar_, which is in, as its name means, _the after part of the -river_. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (at the source of the river), is named _Cursa_, which -means _bent down_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (at the second bend in the river), is -called _Zourac_ (Arabic), _flowing_. Other stars, not identified, are -_Pheat_, _mouth_ (of the river); and _Ozha_, _the going forth_. - -Here, then, we have a river flowing forth from before the glorious -_Orion_. It runs in a serpentine course towards the lower regions, down, -down, out of sight. In vain the sea monster, _Cetus_, strives to stop its -flow. It is "the river of the Judge," and speaks of that final judgment in -which the wicked will be cast into the lake of fire. It was evidently -originally associated with _fire_; for the Greek myths, though gross -perversions, still so connect it. According to their fables, something -went wrong with the chariot of the sun, and a universal conflagration was -threatened. In the trouble, _Phaeton_ (probably a reference to the star -_Pheat_) was killed and hurled into this river, in which he was consumed -with its fire. The whole earth suffered from such a burning heat that -great disasters ensued. We see from this myth two great facts preserved in -the perverted tradition, _viz._, _judgment_ and _fire_. - -ARATUS also preserves the connection,-- - - - "For yonder, trod by heavenly feet, - Wind the scorched waters of Eridanus' tear-swollen flood, - Welling beneath Orion's uplifted foot." - - -Is not this the testimony afterwards written in _the Book_? Daniel sees -this very river in his vision of that coming day, when the true Orion -shall come forth in His glory. He says, "I beheld till the thrones were -placed, and one that was ancient of days did sit:... His throne was fiery -flames, and the wheels thereof burning fire. A FIERY STREAM ISSUED AND -CAME FORTH FROM BEFORE HIM." This is _the River of the Judge_; for he goes -on to say, "the judgment was set, and the books were opened" (Dan. vii. -9-11, R.V.). - -We have the same in Ps. xcvii. 3-5 (R.V.), which describes the scene when -the Lord shall reign: - - - "A FIRE GOETH BEFORE HIM, - And burneth up His adversaries round about. - His lightnings lightened the world: - The earth saw and trembled, - The hills melted like wax at the presence of the LORD, - At the presence of the Lord of the whole earth." - - -So again in Ps. l. 3, we read: - - - "Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence, - A FIRE SHALL DEVOUR BEFORE HIM, - And it shall be very tempestuous round about Him." - - -By Habakkuk the coming of the Lord is described; and it is written: - - - "His brightness was as the light, ... - Before Him went the pestilence, - And burning coals went forth at His feet." - - (Hab. iii. 5.) - - -What is this but _Orion_ and _Eridanus_! - -Again, it is written in Isaiah xxx. 27-33 (R.V.): - - - "Behold, the name of the LORD cometh from far, - Burning with His anger, and in thick rising smoke: - His lips are full of indignation, - And His tongue is as a DEVOURING FIRE: - And His breath is as AN OVERFLOWING STREAM [_of fire_].... - For a Topheth is prepared of old; - Yea, for the king [_Moloch_] it is made ready; - He hath made it deep and large; - The pile thereof is FIRE and much wood; - The breath of the LORD, LIKE A STREAM OF BRIMSTONE, doth kindle - it." - - -So, again, we read in Nahum i. 5, 6: - - - "The mountains quake at Him, - And the hills melt; - And the earth is burned up at His presence, - Yea, the world and all that dwell therein. - Who can stand before His indignation? - And who can abide in the fierceness of His anger? - His fury is POURED OUT LIKE FIRE." - - -In Isa. lxvi. 15, 16, we read: - - - "For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, - And with His chariots like a whirlwind, - To render His anger with fury, - And His rebuke with FLAMES OF FIRE, - For BY FIRE, and by His sword, will the LORD plead with all - flesh." - - -With this agree the New Testament scriptures, which speak of "the Day of -the Lord," "when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with His -mighty angels, IN FLAMING FIRE taking vengeance on them that know not God, -and that obey not the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ" (2 Thess. i. 7, 8). - -This is the true Eridanus. It is no mere "picture." It is a dread reality! -It is written in stars of fire, and words of truth, that men may heed the -solemn warning and "flee from the wrath to come"! - -But we ask, "Who may abide the day of His coming? and who shall stand when -He appeareth" (Mal. iii. 2)? "Who can stand before His indignation," when -"His fury is poured out like fire" (Nah. i. 6)? - -The answer is given in the next picture! - - - -3. AURIGA (The Shepherd). - - - _Safety for the Redeemed in the Day of Wrath._ - -Here is presented to us the answer to the question, "Who may abide the day -of His coming?" - - - "Behold, the Lord GOD (Adonai Jehovah) will come as a mighty one, - And His arm shall rule for Him: - Behold, His reward is with Him, - And His recompense before Him. - He shall feed His flock like a shepherd, - He shall gather the lambs in His arm, - And carry them in His bosom, - And shall gently lead those that give suck." - - (Isa. xl. 10, 11. R.V.) - - -This is exactly what is presented before us in this last section of the -chapter, which tells of the coming judgment. We have had the picture of a -mighty _Bull_ rushing forth; then the fiery river of _the Judge_; and now -we see _a Great Shepherd_. He is seated upon "the milky way," holding up -on his left shoulder a she goat. She clings to his neck, and is looking -down affrighted at the terrible on-rushing Bull. In his left hand he -supports two little kids, apparently just born, and bleating, and -trembling with fear. - -ARATUS says,-- - - - "She is both large and bright, but they--the kids-- - Shine somewhat feebly on _Auriga's_ wrist." - - -Is not this the Great Shepherd gathering the lambs in His arm? and -carrying them in His bosom? Is He not saying: - - - "I will save My flock, - And they shall no more be a prey." - - (Ezek. xxxiv. 22.) - - "And David my servant shall be king over them, - And they shall have one shepherd." - - (_ib._ xxxvii. 24.) - - "And they shall fear no more, - Nor be dismayed, - Neither shall they be lacking, saith the LORD." - - (Jer. xxiii. 4.) - - - [Illustration] - - Plate 31: AURIGA (the Shepherd) - - -AURIGA is from a Hebrew root which means _a shepherd_. It is a beautiful -constellation of 66 stars; one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, nine -of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body of the goat), points her out as the -prominent feature of the constellation, for its name _Alioth_ (Hebrew) -means _a she goat_. It is known by the modern Latin name _Capella_, which -has the same meaning. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the shepherd's right arm), is called _Menkilinon_, -and means the _band_, or _chain of the goats_, and points out the truth -that they are never more to be lost again, but to be bound, with the bands -of love, to the Shepherd for evermore. - -The name of another star is _Maaz_, which means _a flock of goats_. - -Can there be any mistake as to who this Shepherd is? for the bright star -in his right foot is called _El Nath_(64) (like another in ARIES), which -means _wounded_ or _slain_. This is He, then, who was once bruised or -wounded in the heel. He is "the GOOD Shepherd," who gave His life for the -sheep (John x. 11), but He was "the GREAT Shepherd" brought again from the -dead (Heb. xiii. 20); and is now the CHIEF Shepherd (1 Pet. v. 4) seen in -the day of His coming glory. Another star emphasises this truth, for it is -named _Aiyuk_, which also means _wounded_ in the foot.(65) - -The star marking the kids is called _Gedi_ (Hebrew), _kids_. - -In Latin, the word _Auriga_ means a _coachman_ or _charioteer_, the band -in his right hand being taken as his _reins_. But the incongruity of a -_charioteer_ carrying a she-goat, and nursing two little kids, never -struck them; nor did the fact that he has no chariot and no horses! When -man blunders in the things of God, he does it thoroughly! - -In the Zodiac of Denderah the same truth was revealed more than 4,000 -years ago; but the Man, instead of carrying the sheep, is carrying a -sceptre, and is called _Trun_, which means _sceptre_ or _power_. But this -is a strange sceptre, for at the top it has the head of a goat, and at the -bottom, below the hand that holds it, it ends in a cross! With the -Egyptians the cross was a sign of _life_. They knew nothing of "the death -of the cross." Here, then, we see _life_ and _salvation_ for the sheep of -His flock when He comes to reign and rule in judgment. The truth is -precisely the same, though the presentation of it is somewhat varied. - -The connected teaching of the two constellations, _Eridanus_ and _Auriga_, -is solemnly set forth in Mal. iv. 1-3 (R.V.): - - - "Behold, the day cometh, - It burneth as a furnace; - And all the proud, and all that work wickedness, shall be stubble: - And the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of - hosts, - That it shall leave them neither root nor branch. - BUT UNTO YOU that fear My name shall the Sun of Righteousness - arise with healing in His wings; - And ye shall go forth and gambol as calves of the stall. - And ye shall tread down the wicked; - For they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet - In the day that I do make (marg. _do this_), saith the LORD of - hosts." - - -In Psalm xxxvii. this day is repeatedly referred to, the day when "the -wicked shall be cut off"; and it concludes by summarizing the same great -truth (_vv._ 38-40, R.V.): - - - "As for transgressors, they shall be destroyed together; - The latter end of the wicked shall be cut off, - But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD: - He is their stronghold in the time of trouble, - And the LORD helpeth them, and rescueth them; - He rescueth them from the wicked and saveth them, - Because they have taken refuge in Him." - - -Oh, that all who read these pages may heed the solemn warning, and flee -for refuge to Him who now, in this day of grace, is crying, "Look unto me, -and be ye saved, O all ye ends of the earth" (Isa. xlv. 22). - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign GEMINI (The Twins). - - - _Messiah's Reign as Prince of Peace._ - -All the pictures of this sign are confused. The Greeks claimed to have -invented them, and they called them Apollo and Hercules. They are given in -our illustration. The Latins called the Castor and Pollux; and the name of -a vessel in which Paul sailed is so called in Acts xxviii. 11, {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}. - -The name in the ancient Denderah Zodiac is _Clusus_, or _Claustrum Hori_, -which means _the place of Him who cometh_. It is represented by two human -figures walking, or coming. The second appears to be a woman. The other -appears to be a man. It is a tailed figure, the tail signifying _He -cometh_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 32: GEMINI (the Twins) - - -The old Coptic name was _Pi-Mahi_, _the united_, as in brotherhood. Not -necessarily united by being born at the same time, but _united_ in one -fellowship or brotherhood. The Hebrew name is _Thaumim_, which means -_united_. The root is used in Exod. xxvi. 24: "They (the two boards) shall -be coupled together beneath." In the margin we read, "Heb. _twinned_" -(R.V. double). The Arabic _Al Tauman_ means the same. - -We need not trouble ourselves with the Grecian myths, even though we can -see through them the original and ancient truth. The two were both heroes -of peculiar and extraordinary birth--sons of Jupiter. They were supposed to -appear at the head of armies; and as they had cleared the seas of pirates, -they were looked upon as the patron saints of navigation. (Hence the name -of the ship in Acts xxviii. 11.) They were held in high esteem both by -Greeks and Romans; and the common practice of taking oaths and of swearing -by their names has descended even to our own day in the still surviving -vulgar habit of swearing "By Gemini!" - -The more ancient star-names help us to see through all these and many -other myths, and to discern Him of whom they testify; even Him in His -twofold nature--God and Man--and His twofold work of suffering and glory, -and His twofold coming in humiliation and in triumph. - -There are 85 stars in the sign: two of the 2nd magnitude, four of the 3rd, -six of the 4th, etc. - -The name of {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head of the one at our right hand) is called -_Apollo_, which means _ruler_, or _judge_; while {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head of the -other) is called _Hercules_, _who cometh to labour_, or _suffer_. Another -star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in his left foot), is called _Al Henah_, which means _hurt_, -_wounded_, or _afflicted_. Can we have a doubt as to what is the meaning -of this double presentation? In _Ophiuchus_ we have the two in one person: -the crushed enemy, and the wounded heel. But here the two great primeval -truths are presented in two persons; for He was "two persons in one God," -"God and man in one Christ." As man, suffering for our redemption; as God, -glorified for our complete salvation and final triumph. A star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -centre of his body), is called _Waset_, which means _set_, and tells of -Him who "set His face like a flint" to accomplish this mighty Herculean -work; and, when the time was come, "steadfastly set His face to go" to -complete it. - -He bears in his right hand (in some pictures) a palm branch. In the one -from which our illustration is taken, it is a club; but both the club of -this one and the bow of the other are _in repose_! These united ones are -neither in action nor are they preparing for action, but they are _at -rest_ and _in peace_ after victory won. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the knee of the -other, "Apollo") is called _Mebsuta_, which means _treading under feet_. -The names of other stars, which are not identified, have come down to us -with the same testimony. One is called _Propus_ (Hebrew), _the branch_, -_spreading_; another is called _Al Giauz_ (Arabic), _the palm branch_; -another is named _Al Dir_ (Arabic), _the seed_, or _branch_. - -The day has here come to fulfil the prophecies concerning Him who is "the -Branch," "the Branch of Jehovah," "the man whose name is the Branch." - - - "In that day shall the Branch of Jehovah be beautiful and - glorious; - And the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely - For them that are escaped of Israel." - - (Isa. iv. 2.) - - "Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, - And princes shall rule in judgment; - And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind." - - (Isa. xxxii. 1, 2.) - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, - And He shall reign as King and deal wisely, - And shall execute judgment and justice in the land. - In His days Judah shall be saved, - And Israel shall dwell safely: - And this is His name whereby He shall be called, - The LORD is our Righteousness." - - (Jer. xxiii. 5, 6, R.V.) - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will perform that good word which I have spoken - Concerning the house of Israel and concerning the house of Judah. - In those days, and at that time. - Will I cause a Branch of Righteousness to grow up unto David; - And He shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land." - - (Jer. xxxiii. 14, 15, R.V.) - - -This is what we see in this sign--Messiah's peaceful reign. All is rest and -repose. We see "His days," in which "the righteous shall flourish; and -abundance of peace, so long as the moon endureth" (Ps. lxxii.). - -But, for this blessed time to come, there must be no enemy! All enemies -must be subdued. - -This brings us to the first section of this book. - - - -1. LEPUS (the Hare), THE ENEMY. - - - _The Enemy Trodden under Foot._ - -The names of the three constellations of this Sign, as well as the -pictures, are all more or less modern, as is manifest from the names being -in _Latin_, and having no relation to the ancient names of their stars. To -learn their real meaning, therefore, we must have recourse to the ancient -Zodiacs. In the Persian planisphere the first constellation was pictured -by a _serpent_. In the Denderah (Egyptian) Zodiac it is an unclean bird -standing on the serpent, which is under the feet of Orion. Its name there -is given as _Bashti-beki_. _Bashti_ means _confounded_, and _Beki_ means -_failing_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 33: LEPUS (the Hare) or ENEMY - - -ARATUS says,-- - - - "Below Orion's feet, the Hare - Is chased eternally." - - -It is a small constellation of 19 stars (all small), three of which are of -the 3rd magnitude, seven of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body), has a Hebrew name, _Arnebo_, which means -_the enemy of Him that cometh_. The Arabic, _Arnebeth_, means the same. -Other stars, not identified, are _Nibal_, _the mad_; _Rakis_, _the bound_ -(Arabic, _with a chain_); _Sugia_, _the deceiver_. - -There can be no mistaking the voice of this united testimony. For this -enemy is under the down-coming foot of Orion, and it tells of the blessed -fact that when the true Orion, "the Sun of Righteousness, shall arise," -and "the true light" shall shine over all the earth, He "shall tread down -the wicked" (Mal. iv.), and every enemy will be subdued under His feet. -"It is He that shall tread down our enemies" (Ps. lx. 12), as He has said: - - - "I will tread them in Mine anger, - And trample them in My fury ... - For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart, - And the year of My redeemed is come." - - (Isa. lxiii. 3, 4.) - - - -2. CANIS MAJOR (The Dog), or SIRIUS (The Prince). - - - _The coming Glorious Prince of Princes (Sirius)._ - -This second constellation carries on the teaching, and tells of the -glorious Prince who will thus subdue and reign. - -In the Denderah Zodiac he is called _Apes_, which means _the head_. He is -pictured as a hawk (_Naz_, {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~}, _caused to come forth_, _coming swiftly -down_). The hawk is the natural enemy of the serpent, and here it has on -its head a pestle and mortar, indicating the fact that he shall crush the -head of the enemy. - -In the Persian planisphere it is pictured as _a wolf_, and is called -_Zeeb_, which in Hebrew ({~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}) has the same meaning. Plutarch translates -it {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _Leader_. In Arabic it means _coming quickly_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 34: CANIS MAJOR (the Dog) and CANIS MINOR (the Second Dog) - - -Its ancient name and meaning must be obtained from the names of its stars -which have come down to us. There are 64 altogether. Two are of the 1st -magnitude, two of the 2nd, four of the 3rd, four of the 4th, etc. Of these -{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head) is the brightest in the whole heavens! It is called -_Sirius_, _the Prince_ ({~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Sar_), as in Isa. ix. 6. - -_Sirius_(66) was, by the ancients, always associated with great heat. And -the hottest part of the year we still call "the dog days," though, through -the variation as observed in different latitudes, and the precession of -the equinoxes, its rising has long ceased to have any relation to those -days. Virgil says that Sirius - - - "With pestilential heat infects the sky." - - -Homer spoke of it as a star - - - "Whose burning breath - Taints the red air with fevers, plagues, and death." - - -It is not, however, of its heat that its name speaks, but of the fact that -it is the brightest of all the stars, as He of whom it witnesses is the -"Prince of princes," "the Prince of the Kings of the earth." - -Though this "Dog-Star" came to have an ill-omened association, it was not -so in more ancient times. In the ancient Akkadian it is called _Kasista_, -which means _the Leader_ and Prince of the heavenly host. While (as Mr. -Robert Brown, Junr., points out) "the Sacred Books of Persia contain many -praises of the star _Tistrya_ or _Tistar_ (_Sirius_), 'the chieftain of -the East.' "(67) - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left fore foot), speaks the same truth. It is -named _Mirzam_, and means _the prince_ or _ruler_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the -body) is called _Wesen_, _the bright_, _the shining_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -right hind leg) is called _Adhara_, _the glorious_. - -Other stars, not identified, bear their witness to the same fact. Their -names are--_Aschere_ (Hebrew), _who shall come_; _Al Shira Al Jemeniya_ -(Arabic), _the Prince or chief of the right hand_! _Seir_ (Egyptian), _the -Prince_; _Abur_ (Hebrew), _the mighty_; _Al Habor_ (Arabic), _the mighty_; -_Muliphen_ (Arabic), _the leader_, _the chief_. - -Here there is no conflicting voice; no discord in the harmonious testimony -to Him whose name is called "Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God ... the -Prince of Peace" (Isa. ix. 6). - -The names of the stars have no meaning whatever as applied to an Egyptian -Hawk, or a Greek Dog. But they are full of significance when we apply them -to Him of whom Jehovah says: - - - "Behold, I have given Him for a witness to the people, - A LEADER and commander to the people." - - (Isa. lv. 4.) - - -This is "the Prince of princes" (Dan. viii. 23, 25) against whom, "when -transgressors are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance ... shall -stand up," "but he shall be broken without hand," for he shall be -destroyed "with the brightness of His coming" (2 Thess. ii. 8). This is He -who shall come forth "King of kings and Lord of Lords" (Rev. xix. 16). - -But Sirius has a companion, and this brings us to-- - - - -3. CANIS MINOR (The Second Dog). - - - _The Exalted Redeemer (Procyon)._ - -The same facts are to be remembered concerning the Greek picture, and -Latin name of this constellation. - -The Egyptian name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Sebak_, which means -_conquering_, _victorious_. It is represented as a human figure with a -hawk's head and the appendage of a tail. - -This small constellation has only 14 stars according to the Britannic -catalogue. One of the 1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, one of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body), is named _Procyon_, which means -REDEEMER, and it tells us that this glorious Prince is none other than the -one who was slain. Just as this chapter begins with _two_ persons in one -in the Sign (Gemini), one _victorious_, the other _wounded_; so it ends -with a representation of two princes, one of whom is seen triumphant and -the other as the Redeemer. This is confirmed by the next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the -neck), which is named _Al Gomeisa_ (Arabic), _the burthened_, _loaded_, -_bearing for others_. The names of the other stars, not identified, still -further confirm the great truth; _viz._, _Al Shira_, or _Al Shemeliya_ -(Arabic), _the prince_ or _chief of the left hand_, answering to the star -in _Sirius_. One _right_, the other _left_, as the two united youths are -placed. _Al_ _Mirzam_, _the prince_ or _ruler_; and _Al Gomeyra_, _who -completes_ or _perfects_. - -This does, indeed, complete and perfect the presentation of this chapter: -Messiah's reign as Prince of Peace; the enemy trodden under foot by the -glorious "Prince of princes," who is none other than the glorified -Redeemer. - -This is also what is written in the Book: - - - "Shall the prey be taken from the mighty, - Or the lawful captives(68) be delivered? - But thus saith the LORD, - Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away, - And the prey of the terrible shall be delivered: - For I will contend with him that contendeth with thee, - And I will save thy children. - And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; - And they shall be drunken with their own blood as with sweet wine; - And all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour, - And thy REDEEMER--the Mighty One of Jacob." - - (Isa. xlix. 24-26, R.V.) - - "When the enemy shall come in like a flood, - The Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him, - And the REDEEMER shall come to Zion." - - (Isa. lix, 19, 20.) - - "And He shall divide the spoil with the strong, - Because He hath poured out His soul unto death." - - (Isa. liii. 12.) - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign CANCER (The Crab). - - - _Messiah's Redeemed Possessions held fast._ - -With regard to the sign of CANCER, one thing is certain, that we have not -got the original picture, or anything like it. - -It does not agree with the names either of its three constellations which -have come down to us, or of its stars. - -In the ancient Denderah Zodiac it is represented as a _Scarabus_, or -sacred beetle.(69) In the Zodiac of Esneh and in a Hindu Zodiac (400 B.C.) -it is the same. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 35: CANCER (the Crab) - - -According to the Greeks, Jupiter placed this Crab amongst the signs of the -Zodiac. - -In Sir William Jones's Oriental Zodiac we meet with a crab, and an -Egyptian Zodiac found at Rome bears also the crab in this sign. - -The more ancient Egyptians placed _Hermanubis_, or _Hermes_, with the head -of an ibis or hawk, as the symbol of the sign now allotted to Cancer. - -The Denderah name is _Klaria_, or _the cattle-folds_, and in this name we -have the key to the meaning of the sign, and to the subject of this -chapter. - -The Arabic name is _Al Sartan_, which means _who holds_ or _binds_, and -may be from the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to bind together_ (Gen. xlix. 11). There is -no ancient Hebrew word known for the crab. It was classed with many other -unclean creatures, and would be included in the general term "vermin." - -The Syriac, _Sartano_, means the same. The Greek name is _Karkinos_, which -means _holding_ or _encircling_, as does the Latin, _Cancer_, and hence is -applied to the crab. In the word _Khan_, we have the traveller's rest or -_inn_; while _Ker_ or _Cer_ is the Arabic for _encircling_. The ancient -Akkadian name of the month is _Su-kul-na_, _the seizer_ or _possessor of -seed_. - -The sign contains 83 stars, one of which is of the 3rd magnitude, and -seven are of the 4th magnitude, and the remainder of inferior magnitudes. - -In the centre of the Sign there is a remarkably bright cluster of stars, -so bright that they can be sometimes seen with the naked eye. It looks -like a comet, and is made up of a great multitude of stars. Modern -astronomers have called it the _Beehive_. But its ancient name has come -down to us as Praesepe, which means _a multitude_, _offspring_. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the head), is called _Tegmine_, _holding_. The -star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (or {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}1 and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}2), in the lower large claw, is called _Acubene_, -which, in Hebrew and Arabic, means _the sheltering_ or _hiding-place_. -Another is named _Ma'alaph_ (Arabic), _assembled thousands_; _Al Himarein_ -(Arabic), _the kids_ or _lambs_. - -North and south of the nebula _Praesepe_ are two stars, which Orientalists -speak of by a name evidently of some antiquity. _Asellus_ means an _Ass_, -and one was called _Asellus Boreas_, _the northern Ass_; while the other, -_Asellus Australis_, is _the southern Ass_. - -The sign was afterwards known by the symbol {~CANCER~}, which stands for these two -asses.(70) - -This connects it with the Tribe of Issachar, who is said to have borne -upon the Tribal standard the sign of _two asses_. - -This is doubtless the reference in Jacob's blessing (Gen. xlix. 11, -R.V.):-- - - - "Issachar is a strong ass, - Couching down between the sheepfolds; - And he saw a resting-place that it was good; - And the land that it was pleasant; - And he bowed his shoulder to bear, - And became a servant under task work." - - -Have we not here the gathering up of the teaching of this sign-- - - _Messiah's redeemed possessions held fast._ - -Here we come to the completion of His work. In CANCER we see it with -reference to His _redeemed_, and in the next (the last) Sign, LEO, with -reference to His _enemies_. - -The three constellations develope the truth. What is now called _Ursa -Minor_ is _the Lesser Flock_; _Ursa Major_ gives us _The Sheepfold and the -Sheep_; while _Argo_, _The Ship_, shows the travellers and the pilgrims -brought safely home--all conflict over. - -To accomplish this, we see the true Issachar bowing his shoulder to bear. -He could say, "My soul is bowed down" (Ps. lvii. 6). HE became a servant, -and humbled Himself to death. HE undertook the mighty task of saving His -people from their sins. "Their Redeemer is strong" (Jer. l. 34); for help -was laid on "One that was mighty" (Ps. lxxxix. 19). And His redeemed shall -come to a resting-place that is good, and to a land that is pleasant. No -earthly Khan on earth affords them a home. They look for a heavenly home, -and in the many mansions of the Father's house they shall find eternal -rest. - -Here we see that sheltering home to which the names of these stars point; -where the assembled thousands (_Ma'alaph_) shall be received into the true -_Klaria_, even the "everlasting habitations." - -These are now to be shown to us. - - - -1. URSA MINOR (The Little Bear). - - - _The Lesser Sheepfold._ - -Here we come to another grievous mistake, or ignorant perversion of -primitive truth, as shown in the ancient names of these two -constellations. - -It is sufficient to point to the fact that no Bear is found in any -Chaldean, Egyptian, Persian, or Indian Zodiacs, and that no bear was ever -seen with such a tail! No one who had ever seen a bear would have called -attention to a tail, such as no bear ever had, by placing in its very tip -the most important, wondrous, and mysterious Polar Star, the central star -of the heavens, round which all others revolve. The patriarchal -astronomers, we may be sure, committed no such folly as this. - -The primitive truth that there were _two_, or a pair of constellations is -preserved; and that of these two, one is larger, and the other smaller. -But what were they? We have the clue to the answer in the name of the -brightest star of the larger constellation, which is called _Dubheh_. Now -_Dubheh_ means _a herd of animals_. In Arabic, _Dubah_ means _cattle_. In -Hebrew, {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Dohver_, is _a fold_; and hence in Chaldee it meant -_wealth_. The Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _Dohveh_, means _rest_ or _security_; and -certainly there is not much of either to be found or enjoyed with bears! -The word occurs in Deut. xxxiii. 25: "As thy days so shall thy strength -be." The Revised Version gives in the margin, "So shall _thy rest_ or -_security_ be." This accords with what we have already seen under -"CANCER": "Couching down between the sheepfolds,(71) he saw a resting- -place that it was good." - -Here are the two Sheepfolds, then; the Greater fold, and Lesser; and here -is the _rest_ and _security_ which the flocks will find therein. - -But in Hebrew there is a word very similar in sound, though not in -spelling--{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~} or {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, _dohv_, which means _a bear_! So we find in Arabic -_dub_; Persian, _deeb_ and _dob_. We can see, therefore, how the Hebrew -_Dohver_, _a fold_, and _Dohv_, _a bear_, were confused; and how the -Arabic _Dubah_, _cattle_, might easily have been mistaken by the Greeks, -and understood as a bear. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 36: URSA MINOR - - -The constellation, which we must therefore call THE LESSER SHEEPFOLD, -contains 24 stars, _viz._, one of the 2nd magnitude, two of the 3rd, four -of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (at the point of the tail), is the most important in -the whole heavens. It is named _Al Ruccaba_, which means _the turned_ or -_ridden on_, and is to-day the Polar or central star, which does not -revolve in a circle as does every other star, but remains, apparently, -fixed in its position. But though the star does not revolve like the -others, the central point in the heavens is very slowly but steadily -moving. When these constellations were formed the Dragon possessed this -important point, and the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, in _Draco_, marked this central point. -But, by its gradual recession, that point is sufficiently near this star -_Ruccaba_, in the _Lesser Sheepfold_, for it to be what is called "the -Polar Star." But, how could this have been known five or six thousand -years ago? How could it have been known when it received its name, which -means _the turned_ or _ridden on_? That it was known is clear: so likewise -was it made known in the written Word that the original blessing included -not merely the multiplication of the seed of faithful Abraham, but it was -then added, "And thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies" (Gen. -xxii. 17). - -This star was called by the Greeks {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, the "_Cynosure_." ARATUS -seems to apply this term to the whole of the seven stars of the _Lesser -Bear_. Mr. Robert Brown, Junr., shows(72) that {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, once supposed to -be Hellenic, is non-Hellenic, and possibly Euphratean in origin, from a -word which he transliterates _An-nas-sur-ra_, and renders it, "as it -literally means, _high in_ rising, _i.e._, in heavenly position." Is not -this the primitive truth of the Revelation? Will not this Lesser Fold be -high, yea, the highest in heavenly position? - -The Polar Star has been removed from the Dragon, and is now in _the Lesser -Fold_; and when the Dragon shall be cast down from the heavens, the -heavenly seed will be safely folded there. But this is _the Lesser -Sheepfold_. These are they who all through the ages have been "partakers -of the heavenly calling," who desired a better country, that is, a -_heavenly_; wherefore God "hath prepared for them a city," the city for -which Abraham himself "looked." This was no earthly city, but a city -"whose builder and maker is God" (Heb. xi. 10-16). These have always been -a smaller company, a "little flock," but the kingdom shall be theirs, even -the kingdom of God, for which they now look and wait. They have not yet -"received the promises; but, having seen them afar off" by faith, they -"were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were -strangers and pilgrims on the earth" (Heb. xi. 13). Their Messiah has -accomplished "the redemption of the purchased possession," and in due time -the redeemed will inherit it, "unto the praise of His glory" (Eph. i. 13). - -The bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is named _Kochab_, which means _waiting Him who cometh_. -Other stars, not identified, are named _Al Pherkadain_ (Arabic), which -means _the calves_, or _the young_ (as in Deut. xxii. 6), _the redeemed -assembly_. Another, _Al Gedi_, means _the kid_. Another is _Al Kaid_, _the -assembled_; while _Arcas_, or _Arctos_ (from which we derive the term -_Arctic_ regions), means, according to one interpreter, _a travelling -company_; or, according to another, _the stronghold of the saved_. - -But there is not only the heavenly seed, which is compared "to the stars -of heaven," but there is the seed that is compared to "the sand of the -sea"--the larger flock or company, who will enjoy the earthly blessing. - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. URSA MAJOR (The Great Bear). - - - _The Fold and the Flock._ - -Of these it is written:-- - - - "But in Mount Zion there shall be those that escape, - And it shall be holy: - And the house of Jacob shall possess their possessions." - - (Obad. 17-19, R.V.) - - -It is a large and important constellation, containing 87 stars, of which -one is of the 1st magnitude, four of the 2nd, three of the 3rd, ten of the -4th, etc. It always presents a splendid appearance, and is perhaps, -therefore, the best known of all the constellations. - -In the Book of Job (ix. 9, and xxxviii. 31, 32) it is mentioned under the -name of _Ash_. "Canst thou guide _Ash_ and her offspring?" which is -rendered in the A.V., "Arcturus and his sons," and in the R.V., "The Bear -with her train" (marg., "_sons_"). The Arabs still call it _Al Naish_, or -_Annaish_, _the assembled together_, as sheep in a fold. The ancient -Jewish commentators interpreted _Ash_ as the seven stars of this -constellation. They are called by others _Septentriones_, which thus -became the Latin word for _North_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 37: URSA MAJOR - - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the back), is named _Dubhe_, which, as we have -seen, means _a herd of animals_, or _a flock_, and gives its name to the -whole constellation. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (below it) is named _Merach_ (Hebrew), _the flock_ (Arabic, -_purchased_). - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (on the left of [Greek: beta]) is called _Phaeda_, or _Phacda_, -meaning _visited_, _guarded_, or _numbered_, as a flock; for His sheep, -like the stars, are both _numbered_ and _named_. (See Psalm cxlvii. 4.) - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} is called _Alioth_, a name we have had in _Auriga_, meaning _a -she goat_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the middle of the tail) is called _Mizar_, _separate_ or -_small_, and close to it _Al Cor_, _the Lamb_ (known as "g"). - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} (at the end of the so-called tail) is named _Benet Naish_ -(Arabic), _the daughters of the assembly_. It is also called _Al Kaid_, -_the assembled_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~} (in its right foot) is called _Talitha_. - -The names of other stars, not identified, all give the same testimony: _El -Alcola_ (Arabic), _the sheep-fold_ (as in Ps. xcv. 7; and c. 3); _Cab'd al -Asad_, _multitude_, _many assembled_; _Annaish_, _the assembled_; -_Megrez_, _separated_, as the flock in the fold; _El Kaphrah_, -_protected_, _covered_ (Heb. _redeemed_ and _ransomed_); _Dubheh Lachar_ -(Arabic), _the latter herd_ or _flock_; _Helike_ (so called by HOMER in -the _Iliad_), _company of travellers_; _Amaza_ (Greek), _coming and -going_; _Calisto_, _the sheepfold set_ or _appointed_. - -There is not one discordant voice in the rich abundance of this testimony. -We have nothing to do here with the Grecian myths about bears or wild -boars. We see only the innumerable seed _gathered_ by Him who _scattered_ -(Jer. xxxi. 10). - -Many are the Scriptures we might quote which speak of this gathering and -assembling of the long-scattered flock. It is written as plainly in the -Book, as it is in the heavens. The prophecies of this gathering are as -conspicuous in the Word of God as the "_Seven Stars_" are in the sky. It -is difficult even to make a selection from the wealth of such promises; -but few are more beautiful than that in Ezek. xxxiv. 12-16: - - - "As a shepherd seeketh out his flock - In the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered; - So will I seek out my sheep, - And will deliver them out of all places where they have been - scattered in the cloudy and dark day. - And I will bring them out from the people, - And gather them from the countries, - And will bring them to their own land, - And feed them upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers - And in all the inhabited places of the country. - I will feed them in a good pasture, - And upon the high mountains of Israel shall their fold be: - There shall they lie in a good fold, - And in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel. - I will feed my flock, - And I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord GOD. (Adonai - Jehovah). - I will seek that which was lost, - And bring again that which was driven away, - And will bind up that which was broken, - And will strengthen that which was sick: - But I will destroy the fat and the strong; - I will feed them with judgment." - - -It is of this judgment with which this book, and indeed the whole -Revelation, ends, in the next and final chapter. - -But before we come to that we have one more picture in the third -constellation of this Sign, which combines the first two in one. - - - -3. ARGO (The Ship). - - - _The Pilgrims safe at Home._ - -This is the celebrated ship of the Argonauts, which HOMER sung nearly ten -centuries before Christ. Sir Isaac Newton puts the expedition of the -Argonauts shortly after the death of Solomon (about 975 B.C.). While Dr. -Blair's chronology puts it 1236 B.C. - -Whatever fables have gathered round the story there can be no doubt as to -its great antiquity. Some think that the story had its origin in name, as -well as in fact, from the _Ark_ of Noah and its mysterious journey. All -that is clear, when divested of mythic details, is that the sailors in -that ship, after all their dangers, and toils, and battles were over, came -back victorious to their own shores. The "golden fleece," for which the -Argonauts went in search, tells of a treasure that had been _lost_. -"Jason," the great captain, tells of Him who recovered it from the -_Serpent_, which guarded it with ever-watchful eye, when none else was -able to approach it. And thus, through the fables and myths of the Greeks, -we can see the light primeval shine; and this light, once seen, lights up -this Sign and its constellations, so that their teaching cannot be -misunderstood. - -ARATUS sings of _Argo_:-- - - - "Stern-foremost hauled; no mark of onward-speeding ship. - Sternward she comes, as vessels do - When sailors turn the helm - On entering harbour: all the oars back-water, - And gliding backward, to an anchor comes." - - -It tells of that blessed home-coming, when-- - - - "The ransomed of the LORD shall return - And come to Zion with songs, - And everlasting joy upon their heads; - They shall obtain joy and gladness, - And sorrow and sighing shall flee away." - - (Isa. xxxv. 10.) - - -It tells of the glorious Jason,(73) of whom it is asked: - - - "Art thou not it which hath cut Rahab, - And wounded the dragon? - Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great - deep; - That hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to - pass over? - Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, - And come with singing unto Zion," etc. - - (Isa. li. 9-11.) - - "For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, - And ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he. - Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion - And shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD." - - (Jer. xxxi. 11, 12.) - - -This is the return of the great emigrant-ship (_Argo_) and all its -_company of travellers_ (for this is the meaning of the word _Argo_). - - [Illustration] - - Plate 38: ARGO (the Ship) - - -In Kircher's Egyptian Planisphere _Argo_ is represented by two galleys (as -we have two sheepfolds), whose prows are surmounted by rams' heads; and -the stern of one of them ends in a fish's tail. One of the two occupies -_four segments_ of the sphere (from Taurus to Virgo), while the other -occupies the four from Leo to Capricorn. _One half_ of the southern -meridians is occupied with these galleys and their construction and -decorations. Astronomers tell us that they carry us back, the one to the -period when the Bull opened the year (to which time VIRGIL refers); and -the other to the _same_ epoch, when the summer solstice was in Leo--"an era -greatly antecedent to the Argonautic expedition. How else, they ask, do we -account for the one ship having her prow in the first Decan of _Taurus_, -and her poop in the last Decan of _Leo_? or for one galley being freighted -with the installed _Bull_, and the other with the solstitial _Lion_?"(74) - -These are the words of an astronomer who knows nothing whatever of our -interpretation of the heavens which is set forth in this work. - -It will indeed be a large vessel, the true _Argo_, with its _company of -travellers_, "a great multitude which no man can number." All this is -indicated by the immense size of the Constellation, as well as by the -large number of its stars. There are 64 stars in _Argo_ (reckoning by the -Britannic catalogue); one of the 1st magnitude, six of the 2nd, nine of -the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. Only a small part of the ship's poop is -visible in Britain. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (near the keel), is called _Canopus_ or _Canobus_, -which means _the possession of Him who cometh_. Other star-names, not -identified, are--_Sephina_, _the multitude_ or _abundance_; _Tureis_, _the -possession_; _Asmidiska_, _the released who travel_; _Soheil_ (Arabic), -_the desired_; and _Subilon_, _the Branch_. - -Is not all this exactly in harmony with the rest of this sign? And is not -this what is written in the Book? - - - "Therefore, fear thou not, O My servant Jacob, saith the LORD; - Neither be dismayed, O Israel: - For, lo, I will save thee from afar, - And thy seed from the land of their captivity; - And Jacob shall return and be in rest, - And be quiet, and none shall make him afraid, - For I am with thee, saith the LORD, to save thee." - - (Jer. xxx. 10, 11.) - - "Lift up thine eyes round about, and see; - All they gather themselves together, they come to thee; - Thy sons shall come from far, - And thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side, - Then thou shalt see, and flow together, - And thine heart shall fear and be enlarged; - Because the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee.... - Who are these that fly as a cloud? - And as doves to their windows? - Surely the isles shall wait for me, - And the SHIPS of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far." - - (Isa. lx. 4, 5, 8, 9.) - - -The whole chapter (Isa. lx.) should be read if we wish to understand the -great teaching of this Sign, which tells of Messiah's secured possessions, -the safe folding of His blood-bought flock, the blessed return of His -pilgrims, and their abundant entrance into everlasting rest. - - - "There is a blessed home - Beyond this land of woe, - Where trials never come, - Nor tears of sorrow flow; - Where faith is lost in sight, - And patient love is crowned, - And everlasting light - Its glory throws around. - - O joy, all joys beyond, - To see the Lamb who died, - And count each sacred wound - In hands, and feet, and side; - To give to Him the praise - Of every triumph won, - And sing through endless days - The great things He hath done. - - Look up, ye saints of God, - Nor fear to tread below - The path your Saviour trod - Of daily toil and woe; - Wait but a little while - In uncomplaining love, - His own most gracious smile - Shall welcome you above." - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign LEO (The Lion). - - - _Messiah's Consummated Triumph._ - -Here we come to the end of the circle. We began with Virgo, and we end -with Leo. No one who has followed our interpretation can doubt that we -have here the solving of the Riddle of the Sphinx. For its _Head_ is Virgo -and its _Tail_ is Leo! - -In Leo we reach the end of the Revelation as inspired in the Word of God; -and it is the end as written in the heavens. - -BAILLY (_Astronomy_) says, "the Zodiac must have been first divided when -the sun at the summer solstice was in 1 Virgo, where the woman's head -joins the Lion's tail." - -As to its antiquity there can be no doubt. JAMIESON says, "the Lion does -not seem to have been placed among the Zodiacal symbols, because Hercules -was fabled to have slain the Nemean Lion. It would seem, on the contrary, -that Hercules, who represented the Sun, was said to have slain the Nemean -Lion, because _Leo_ was already a Zodiacal sign. Hercules flourished 3,000 -years ago, and consequently posterior to the period when the summer -solstice accorded with _Leo_." (_Celestial Atlas_, p. 40). - -There is no confusion about _this_ sign. In the ancient Zodiacs of Egypt -(Denderah, Esneh) and India we find the Lion. The same occurs on the -Mithraic monuments, where Leo is _passant_, as he is in Moor's Hindu, and -Sir William Jones's Oriental Zodiacs. In Kircher's Zodiacs he is -_courrant_; in the Egyptian Zodiacs he is _couchant_. - -In the Denderah Zodiac he is treading upon a serpent, as shown in Mr. -Edward Cooper's _Egyptian Scenery_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 39: LEO (the Lion) - - -Its Egyptian name is _Pi Mentekeon_, which means _the pouring out_. This -is no pouring out or inundation of the Nile, but it is the pouring out of -the cup of Divine wrath on that Old Serpent. - -This is the one great truth of the closing chapter of this last Book. It -is - - THE LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH AROUSED FOR THE RENDING OF THE PREY. - -His feet are over the head of _Hydra_, the great Serpent, and just about -to descend upon it and crush it. - -The three constellations of the Sign complete this final picture: - - - 1. _Hydra_, the old Serpent destroyed. - - 2. _Crater_, _the Cup_ of Divine wrath poured out upon him. - - 3. _Corvus_, the Bird of prey devouring him. - - -The Denderah picture exhibits all four in one. The Lion is presented -treading down the Serpent. The Bird of prey is also perched upon it, while -below is a plumed female figure holding out _two cups_, answering to -_Crater_, the cup of wrath. - -The hieroglyphics read _Knem_, and are placed underneath. _Knem_ means -_who conquers_, or _is conquered_, referring to the victory over the -serpent. The woman's name is _Her-ua_, _great enemy_, referring to the -great enemy for which her two cups are prepared and intended. - -The Hebrew name of the sign is _Arieh_, which means _the Lion_. There are -six Hebrew words for Lion,(75) and this one is used of the Lion _hunting -down his prey_. - -The Syriac name is _Aryo_, _the rending Lion_, and the Arabic is _Al -Asad_; both mean _a lion coming vehemently_, _leaping forth as a flame_! - -It is a beautiful constellation of 95 stars, two of which are of the 1st -magnitude, two of the 2nd, six of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (on the Ecliptic), marks the heart of the Lion -(hence sometimes called by the moderns, _Cor Leonis_, _the heart of the -Lion_). Its ancient name is _Regulus_, which means _treading under foot_. -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, also of the 1st magnitude (in the tip of the tail), is -named _Denebola_, _the Judge_ or _Lord who cometh_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the -mane) is called _Al Giebha_ (Arabic), _the exaltation_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (on the -hinder part of the back) is called _Zosma_, _shining forth_. - -Other stars, not identified, are named _Sarcam_ (Hebrew), _the joining_; -intimating that here is the point where the two ends of the Zodiacal -circle have their _joining_. Another star has the name of _Minchir al -Asad_ (Arabic), _the punishing_ or _tearing of the Lion_. Another is -_Deneb Aleced_, _the judge cometh who seizes_. And another is _Al Dafera_ -(Arabic), _the enemy put down_. - -What can be more expressive? What can be more eloquent? All is harmony, -and all the names unite in pointing us to what is written of "the Lion of -the Tribe of Judah." - -And why is Messiah thus called? Because it is applied to Him in Rev. v. 5 -in connection with His rising up for judgment: and because the Lion is -known to have been always borne upon the standard of Judah, whether in the -wilderness (Num. ii.) or in aftertimes. - -In Israel's dying blessing the prophetic words foretold of Judah: - - - "Thy hand shall be on the neck of thine enemies; ... - Judah is a lion's whelp; - From the prey, my son, thou art gone up. - He stooped down, he couched as a lion, - And as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?" - - (Gen. xlix. 8, 9.) - - -In the prophecy of Balaam (Num. xxiv. 8, 9), we read: - - - "He shall eat up the nations his enemies, - And shall break their bones, - And pierce them through with his arrows, - He couched, he lay down as a lion, - And as a great lion; who shall stir him up?" - - -The same testimony is borne by the Prophet Amos: - - - "Will a lion roar in the forest when he hath no prey? - Will a young lion cry out of his den, if he hath taken nothing?... - The lion hath roared, who will not fear?" - - (Amos iii. 4, 8.) - - -When "the Lion of the tribe of Judah" is roused up for the rending, the -Spirit describes the scene in Isa. xlii. 13: - - - "The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, - He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war; - He shall cry, yea, roar; - He shall prevail against His enemies." - - -And this is what is meant and included when the Elder says for John's -comfort, "the Lion of the Tribe of Judah _hath prevailed_," and hence, is -"worthy ... to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and -honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v.). - -Whether we look, therefore, at the primeval Revelation in the heavens, or -at the later Revelation in the Word, the story is one and the same. - -And what we see of Leo and his work in both, we find developed and -described in the three constellations of the Sign. - - - -1. HYDRA (The Serpent). - - - _The Old Serpent Destroyed._ - -The time has at length come for the fulfilment of the many prophecies -pictured in the heavens: and in its three final constellations we see the -consummation of them all in the complete destruction of the Old Serpent, -and all his seed, and all his works. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 40: HYDRA (the Serpent), CRATER (the Cup), CORVUS (the Raven) - - -It is the special work of the Messiah, as "the Lion of the tribe of -Judah," to trample it under foot. - -It is pictured as _the female serpent (Hydra)_, the mother and author of -all evil. _Hydra_ has the significant meaning, _he is abhorred_! - -It is an immense constellation extending for above 100 degrees from east -to west, beneath the Virgin, the Lion, and the Crab. It is composed of 60 -stars; one of the 2nd magnitude, three of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the heart of the Serpent), is sometimes called -by the moderns _Cor Hydr_ on that account. Its ancient name is _Al Phard_ -(Arabic), which means _the separated_, _put away_. Another is called _Al -Drian_, _the abhorred_. Another star is named _Minchar al Sugia_, _the -piercing of the deceiver_. - -There can be no doubt as to what is taught by the constellation of Hydra, -nor is it necessary to quote the Scriptures concerning the destruction of -the Serpent. We pass on to consider the second. - - - -2. CRATER (The Cup). - - - _The Cup of Divine wrath Poured out upon Him._ - - - "God is the Judge. - He putteth down one, and setteth up another, - FOR IN THE HAND OF THE LORD THERE IS A CUP, - And the wine is red; it is full of mixture, - And He poureth out of the same: - But the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring - them out and drink them." - - (Ps. lxxv. 8.) - - "Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, - Fire and brimstone, and a horrible tempest: - THIS SHALL BE THE PORTION OF THEIR CUP." - - (Ps. xi. 6.) - - -This is no fabled wine-cup of Bacchus; but it is "The cup of His -indignation" (Rev. xiv. 10); "The cup of the wine of the fierceness of his -wrath" (Rev. xvi. 19). This is what we see set forth in this -constellation. The Cup is wide and deep, and fastened on by the stars to -the very body of the writhing serpent. The same stars which are in the -foot of the Cup form part of the body of Hydra, and are reckoned as -belonging to both constellations. - -This Cup has the significant number of _thirteen_ stars (the number of -Apostacy). The two--_Al Ches_ ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}), which means _the Cup_, and ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~})--determine -the bottom of the Cup. - - - -3. CORVUS (The Raven). - - - _The Birds of Prey devouring the Serpent._ - -Here is the final scene of judgment. We have had _Zeeb_; _the Wolf_; now -we have _Oreb_, _the Raven_. _Her-na_ is its name in the Denderah Zodiac. -_Her_, means _the enemy_; and _Na_, means _breaking up_ or _failing_. That -is to say, this scene represents _the breaking up_ of the enemy. - -There are nine stars (the number of _judgment_) in this constellation. The -bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the eye) is called _Al Chibar_ (Arabic), _joining -together_, from the Hebrew _Chiba_ (Num. xxiii. 8), which means -_accursed_. This star, then, tells of _the curse inflicted_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} -(in the right wing) is called _Al Goreb_ (Arabic), from Hebrew _Oreb_, -_the Raven_. A third star is named _Minchar al Gorab_ (Arabic), and means -_the Raven tearing to pieces_. - -This brings us to the end. There is nothing beyond this. Nothing remains -to be told. We know from the Word of God that-- - - - "The eye that mocketh at his father, - And despiseth to obey his mother, - The ravens of the valley shall pick it out." - - (Prov. xxx. 17.) - - -We remember how David said to the Giant Goliah--a type of this enemy of -God's people--"I will smite thee, and take thy head from thee; and I will -give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls -of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth" (1 Sam. xvii. 46). - -When the great day of this judgment comes, an angel standing in the sun -will cry "to all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven, Come, and -gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God; that ye may -eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty -men, and the flesh of horses, and of them that sit on them, and the flesh -of all men, both free and bond, both small and great" (Rev. xix. 17, 18). - -And after these awful words shall be fulfilled, in the closing words of -the prophecy of Isaiah, Jehovah foretells us how-- - - - "They shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that - have transgressed against Me; - For their worm shall not die, - Neither shall their fire be quenched; - And they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh." - - -This is the teaching of the whole Sign of LEO! It is all summed up in Jer. -xxv. 30-33:-- - - - "Therefore prophesy against them all these words, and say unto - them, - The LORD shall roar from on high, - And utter His voice from His holy habitation; - He shall mightily roar upon His habitation; - He shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, - Against all the inhabitants of the earth. - A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth; - For the LORD hath a controversy with the nations, - He will plead with all flesh; - He will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith the LORD. - Thus saith the LORD of hosts, - Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, - And a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the coasts of the - earth. - And the slain of the LORD shall be at that day from one end of the - earth - Even to the other end of the earth; - They shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; - They shall be dung upon the ground." - - -Here is the conclusion of the whole matter! Here is the final triumph of -the Son of Man in the consummated victory of the Seed of the woman: -"Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and -wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v. 12). - - - "O what a bright and blessed world - This groaning earth of ours will be, - When from its throne the tempter hurled, - Shall leave it all, O Lord, to Thee! - - But brighter far that world above, - Where we, as we are known, shall know; - And, in the sweet embrace of love, - Reign o'er this ransomed earth below. - - O blessed Lord! with longing eyes - That blissful hour we wait to see; - While every worm or leaf that dies - Tells of the curse, and calls for Thee. - - Come, Saviour! Then o'er all below - Shine brightly from Thy throne above, - Bid heaven and earth Thy glory know, - And all creation feel Thy love." - - - - - -SUMMARY. - - -Man has ever sought to rob Christ of His glory. He has long since done his -best to obliterate His name and His work from the Revelation which had -been written in the stars of light. When He humbled Himself, and came as -the promised Seed of the woman, men "saw no beauty in Him that they should -desire Him." And these were _religious_ men. It was religious men, not the -common rabble, whom the Old Serpent made use of to wound Him in the heel. -The Devil could not touch Him himself; he must use them as his -instruments; and it was only _religious_ men that could be so used. - -It was the "chief priests and scribes," men learned in the Scriptures, -whose very knowledge of the Word was used to compass His death amongst the -babes at Bethlehem (Matt. ii. 4-6). - -It was the same priests and scribes who were used to put Him to death, and -give the long-prophesied wound in the heel. - -Religion without Christ is enmity against God! Knowledge of the Scriptures -where the heart is not subject to Christ, and where Christ is not seen in -them, is powerless and lifeless. It is true of the Scriptures, as it will -be of the heavenly Jerusalem--"THE LAMB IS THE LIGHT THEREOF" (Rev. xxi. -23). - -The Church of Rome has been used of the great enemy to rob the Lamb of God -of His promised glory. JEROME, in his Latin translation of the Bible (405 -A.D.), wrote "_ipse_," HE, in Gen. iii. 15, as the "bruiser of the -serpent's head." And, in spite of the fact that JEROME himself so quotes -it in his commentary, and that it is _masculine_ in all the other ancient -translations of the Bible, Rome has first corrupted JEROME'S Vulgate by -changing the "e" into "a," and putting "_ipsa_" (she) instead of "_ipse_" -(He); then she has so translated this corruption and perpetuated this -perversion in various languages! So that in all her versions, in her -pictures and statues, in the decree of Pope Pius IX., which promulgated -the dogma of the "_immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary_," this lie of -the Old Serpent has been foisted on unnumbered thousands of deluded souls, -who have thereby been deceived into putting Mary in the place of Jesus; -the "co-Redemptress" in the place of the Redeemer; the creature in the -place of the Creator; the woman in the place of the woman's Seed;--until -the outcome is reached by emblazoning, in huge gilt letters, on the -outside of a large church in Rathmines, Dublin, "MARI PECCATORUM -REFUGIUM," to Mary the Refuge of Sinners! - -So complete has been the success of the subtlety of the Serpent, that he -has beguiled thousands of Protestants to unite in circulating these -_corrupted versions as the Word of God_, thus giving currency to the -Devil's lie. This is done on the plea of expediency, in order that these -versions might come to many as Protestant truth instead of Popish error; -but thus misleading those who were seeking for light, while confirming -Papists in their darkness. - -But through all the "wisdom of the Serpent" we can detect his lie. It is -very thinly veiled, and the Old Serpent has not succeeded in blinding the -eyes which the Spirit of God has opened. True, we see in all Rome's -pictures and statues the foot of Mary, on the Serpent's head, but the foot -is not _coming down_, nor is the head _crushed_! Rather is the woman's -foot resting on its head; and the woman herself supported by the Serpent. - -The whole system of Mary-anity is thus seen to be the outcome of the -Serpent's wisdom in opposition to the true Christ-ianity. - -How different are the primeval star-pictures of the heavens. There, the -club is lifted up, the foot is coming down, yea, the foot is actually -planted upon the enemy, treading the Scorpion under foot. - -Rome may corrupt the words of the Book, but she cannot touch the stars of -heaven! The Devil himself cannot move them from their places. He may -choose and use his servants and agents for corrupting the Scriptures -written in the Book, but he cannot change the Revelation of the stars. - -There,--no woman's foot is seen upon the Serpent's head! There,--no woman -usurps the place of the all-glorious Redeemer! - -In _Ophiuchus_ we see HIM in dread conflict with the Serpent, and we see -HIS foot upon the Scorpion's heart (SCORPIO). We see HIM, the Risen Lamb -(ARIES), binding _Cetus_, the great Monster of the Deep; we see HIM in the -glorious _Orion_, whose foot is coming down on the enemy's head (_Lepus_); -we see HIM in the Lion of the Tribe of Judah (LEO), about to tread down -that Old Serpent (_Hydra_) the Devil; we see HIM in the mighty _Hercules_, -who has his foot on the head of the _Dragon_ (_Draco_), and his up-lifted -club about to inflict the long-threatened blow; we see HIM crowned in -_Cepheus_, with all His enemies subdued, and His right foot planted upon -the Polar Star! - -True, we do see a WOMAN in this heavenly and Divine revelation; for there -are four women. Two are connected with the REDEEMER, and two with the -REDEEMED. The Redeemer is seen in the one (VIRGO) as the "promised Seed"; -in the other (_Coma_), He is seen as the child born, the Son given. The -Redeemed are represented in one as a captive _chained_ (_Andromeda_), with -no power to wage conflict with an enemy, but a prey to every foe; in the -other (_Cassiopeia_), she is _enthroned_, with no necessity for conflict. -For with one hand she waves the palm of a victory which another -(_Perseus_) has wrought on her behalf, while with her right hand she is -preparing and making herself ready for "the marriage of the Lamb." - -Thus pure and undefiled is this primeval fountain of Divine truth. Thus -harmonious is it with the written Word of God. And He who gave them both -to enlighten a dark world which lieth in the power of this wicked one, has -filled both with one subject--"The sufferings of Christ and the glory that -should follow." - -These are set forth by the Holy Spirit in a double sevenfold expansion of -the prophetic promise of Gen. iii. 15, giving seven steps in His -humiliation and seven in His glorification (Phil. ii. 5-11(76)). - - - CHRIST JESUS, - - 1. Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery (a thing - to be grasped at and held) to be equal with God; - - 2. But made Himself of no reputation (Gr. _emptied Himself_), - - 3. And took upon Him the form of a servant, - - 4. And was made in the likeness of men: - - 5. And being found in fashion as a man. He humbled Himself. - - 6. And became obedient unto death, - - 7. Even the death of the cross. - - WHEREFORE - - 1. God also hath highly exalted Him, - - 2. And given Him a name which is above every name: - - 3. That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, - - 4. Of things in heaven, - - 5. And things on earth, - - 6. And things under the earth; - - 7. And that every tongue shall confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, - to the glory of God the Father. - - Amen. - - "Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns, - Receive yet one, the crown of all the earth, - Thou who alone art worthy! It was thine - By ancient covenant, ere Nature's birth; - And Thou hast made it Thine by purchase since, - And overpaid its value with Thy blood. - Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and in their hearts - Thy title is engraven with a pen - Dipp'd in the fountain of eternal love. - Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and Thy delay - Gives courage to their foes, who, could they see - The dawn of Thy last advent, long desired, - Would creep into the bowels of the hills, - And flee for safety to the falling rocks." - - "Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns, - Receive yet one, as radiant as the rest, - Due to Thy last and most effectual work, - Thy Word fulfilled, the conquest of a world." - - (_Cowper._) - - - - - -"FOR SIGNS AND FOR SEASONS." - - -We have seen the great truths which are taught from the position, and -forms, and names of the heavenly bodies. There are also truths to be -learnt from their _motions_. - -When God created them and set them in the firmament of heaven, He said, in -Gen. i. 14-- - - - "Let them be for signs and for seasons." - - -Here the word "signs" is _othoth_ ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, plural of {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _oth_, from the -root {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _to come_). Hence, _a sign of something_ or _some One to -come_. In Jer. x. 2 Jehovah says, "And be not dismayed _at the signs_ -({~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}) of the heavens, for the heathen are dismayed at them." The -word "seasons" does not denote merely what we call the four seasons of the -year, but _cycles_ of time. It is {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _appointed time_ (from the verb -{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to point out_, _appoint_). It occurs three more times in Genesis, -each time in connection with the promised Seed-- - -Gen. xvii. 21, "_At_ this _set time_ in the next year"; - -Gen. xviii. 14, "_At the time appointed_ I will return"; and - -Gen. xxi. 2, "_At the set time_ of which God had spoken." - -Gen. i. 14 is therefore, "They (the sun, moon, and stars) shall be for -signs (things to come) and for cycles (appointed times)." - -Here, then, we have a distinct declaration from God, that the heavens -contain not only a Revelation concerning _things to come_ in the "Signs," -but also concerning _appointed times_ in the wondrous movements of the -sun, and moon, and stars. - -The motions of the sun and moon are so arranged that at the end of a given -interval of time they return into almost precisely the same position, with -regard to each other and to the earth, as they held at the beginning of -that interval. "Almost precisely," but not quite precisely. There will be -a slight outstanding difference, which will gradually increase in -successive intervals, and finally destroy the possibility of the -combination recurring, or else lead to combinations of a different -character. - -Thus the daily difference between the movement of the sun and of the stars -leads the sun back very nearly to conjunction with the same star as it was -twelve months earlier, and gives us the cycle of the year. The slight -difference in the sun's position relative to the stars at the end of the -year, finally leads the sun back to the same star at the same time of the -year, _viz._, at the spring equinox, and gives us the great precessional -cycle of 25,800 years. - -So, too, with eclipses. Since the circumstances of any given eclipse are -reproduced almost exactly 18 years and 11 days later, this period is -called an _Eclipse Cycle_, to which the ancient astronomers gave the name -of _Saros_;(77) and eclipses separated from each other by an exact cycle, -and, therefore, corresponding closely in their conditions, are spoken of -as being one and the same eclipse. Each _Saros_ contains, on the average, -about 70 eclipses. Of these, on the average, 42 are solar and 28 are -lunar. Since the _Saros_ is 11 days (or, more correctly, 10.96 days) -longer than 18 years, the successive recurrences of each eclipse fall 11 -days later in the year each time, and in 33 _Sari_ will have travelled on -through the year and come round very nearly to the original date. - -But as the _Saros_ does not reproduce the conditions of an eclipse with -absolute exactness, and as the difference increases with every successive -return, a time comes when the return of the _Saros_ fails to bring about -an eclipse at all. If the eclipse be a solar one before this takes place, -a new eclipse begins to form a month later in the year than the old one, -and becomes the first eclipse of a new series. - -This is the history of one such eclipse: On May 15 (Julian), 850 A.D., -there was a (new) eclipse of the sun, and it occurred as a _partial_ -eclipse. On August 20 (Julian), 1012 A.D., this new eclipse became -_total_. From that time it has been an _annular_ eclipse, the latitude of -the central shadow gradually shifting southward from the north, until on -December 17 (Julian), 1210, it had reached N. Lat. 24. It turned -northward again after 1210, until March 14 (Julian), 1355, when it fell in -N. Lat. 43. Then it turned south, and has moved steadily in that -direction, until on March 18 (Greg.), 1950, its last appearance as an -annular eclipse will take place. On May 22 (Greg.), 2058, it will fall so -far from the node that a new eclipse will follow it on June 21. It will -make three more appearances as an ever-diminishing partial eclipse, and be -last seen on June 24 (Greg.), 2112. Its total life-history, therefore, -will have been 1,262 years and 36 days, and will have occupied 70 _Sari_. - -In the above life-history of an eclipse(78) there is not the slightest -difficulty as to its identification. The _Saros_ shows no break, and no -interruption; nor does the character of the eclipse suffer any abrupt -change. The district over which it is visible moves in a slow and orderly -fashion from occurrence to occurrence over the earth's surface. - -Now the important point is this, that if we take the prophetic reckoning -of 360 days to the year, we have the following significant Biblical -numbers:-- - -In the first place, we already have the 70 _Sari_ divided into two -portions of 33 + 37. - -A perfect cycle is accomplished in 33 _Sari_, or 595 years, when the -eclipse, by a series of unbroken _Sari_, has accomplished a passage -through the year of 360 days; or, if we reckon only the whole numbers, -_i.e._, the 18 completed years, we have for the 33 _Sari_ the period of -594 years, while the remaining portion of 37 _Sari_ makes 666 years (37 x -18) ; and the whole 70 _Sari_ makes 1,260 years (594 + 666).(79) - -We have then the following figures:-- - - - 18 x 33 = 594 years. - 18 x 37 = 666 years. - 18 x 70 = 1260 years. - - -Independently of this, we also know that 1,260 years is a soli-lunar -cycle, so exact that its epact, or difference, is only 6 hours! - -There must, therefore, be something significant in these numbers, _e.g._, -70; in the number 1,260, with its divisions, not into two equal parts, but -into 594 and 666; as also in its double, 2,520. - -There must be something to be learned in the occurrence and repetition of -these heavenly cycles, which for nearly 6,000 years have been constantly -repeated in the heavens, especially when we find these same numbers very -prominently presented in the Word of God in connection with the fulfilment -of prophecy. - -We have the great "seven times" (2,520) connected with the duration of -Israel's punishment, and of the Gentiles' power. We have in Daniel and the -Apocalypse the half of this great period presented as "days" (1,260), as -"months" (42), and as "times," or years (3-). - -Futurists believe that these "days" and "months," etc., _interpret for us_ -the purposes and counsels of God as connected with "the time of the end," -and as meaning literal "days" and "months," etc. - -Historicists take these terms and themselves _interpret the numbers_, in -the sense of a "day" being put for a _year_, and they believe that these -"1,260 days" will be fulfilled as 1,260 _years_. - -One party boldly and ungraciously charges the other with teaching "_The -Fallacies of Futurism_"; while the other might well retort with a -reference to the _Heresies of Historicism_. - -But is there any necessity for the existence of two hostile camps? Is it -not possible that there may be what we may call a _long_ fulfilment in -years? And is it not more than probable that in the time of the end, the -crisis, there will also be a _short_ and literal fulfilment in days? - -We firmly believe that there will be this literal and _short_ fulfilment. -We believe that when God says "days," He means _days_; and that when He -says "42 months," He means _months_, and not 1,260 years. In all of the -passages referred to by historicists in support of what is called "the -year-day theory," the Holy Spirit uses these words "days" and "years" in -the sense of days and years. In the two particular instances of Israel's -wanderings (Num. xiv. 34), and Ezekiel's prophesying (Ezek. iv. 6), He -chooses to take the _number_ of days as denoting the _same number_ of -years; but He does not tell us that we are to do the same in other cases! -He only asserts His sovereignty by thus acting, while we only show our -presumption in taking His sovereign act as a general principle. - -But while fully believing in the _short_ fulfilment, we are quite prepared -to admit that there may be a _long_ fulfilment _as well_; and that, owing -to the wondrous harmony, and marvellous correspondence, and infinite -wisdom of all the works and ways of God, there may be a fulfilment, or -rather a "filment," if we may coin the word, in years, which will be only -a foreshadowing of the literal _ful_-filment afterwards to take place in -_days_. - -If historicists will allow us this liberty as to _interpretation_, and -permit us to believe that God means what He says, we will give them some -remarkable evidence in support of their views, by way of _application_. In -other words, if they will allow us to _interpret_ "days" as meaning days, -we will gladly allow them, and be at one with them, in _applying_ them to -years. So that while we believe the _interpretation_ to mean "days," and -to teach a _short_ fulfilment at the time of the end, we will thankfully -admit an _application_ which shall take these days as foreshowing a _long_ -fulfilment in years. - -In _applying_, then, these significant numbers (42, 70, 594, 666, 1,260, -and 2,520) to years, from what point or date shall we begin to reckon the -"_times of the Gentiles_" (Luke xxi. 24)? That there are such definite -"times" the words of the Lord Jesus show, when He says, "Jerusalem shall -be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be -fulfilled." (Luke xxi. 24). That there are "seven times" of Gentile -dominion is more than intimated by the symbolic episode in the life of -Nebuchadnezzar as recorded in Dan. iv.; and that there are "seven times" -of Israel's punishment is clearly stated in Lev. xxvi. 18. "Seven times," -according to the Historicist school of interpreters, are equal to 2,520 -years. - -Instead of asking where they begin, let us first note the fact that it is -_duration_ which is emphasised in the Scriptures rather than _chronology_; -and look at the duration of these years independently of, and before we -attempt to fix, their beginning and ending. - -In Daniel ii. and vii. it is shown first to Nebuchadnezzar in a "dream," -and afterwards to God's servant the prophet in a "vision," that Israel was -to be put on one side and become "Lo-Ammi" (_not My people_), while -government was to be put into the hands of the Gentiles. Jerusalem was the -central point of both these great and solemn facts. That is to say, during -2,520 years, while Jerusalem should remain in the power of the Gentiles, -Israel could be "no more a nation" in possession of their land and city. - -We know, as a matter of fact, that to-day Jerusalem is in the hands of the -Turks, and that it is still "trodden down of the Gentiles." - -If we ask how long it shall continue to be "trodden down"? how long it -will be before Israel shall again possess their city and their land?--the -answer brings us at once to the heart of our subject. - -In seeking to determine both duration and chronology, it is necessary to -plant our feet on sure ground. To do this, let us take a point on which -all are agreed. - -There is _one_ date which is universally accepted; and concerning which -the evidence is unquestioned. - -ABU OBEIDA, the Mahommedan General, laid siege to Jerusalem towards the -close of 636 A.D. The city was then occupied by the Romans, who held out -for four months. When they capitulated, the Patriarch SOPHRONIUS obtained -a clause in the treaty giving security to the inhabitants, and requiring -the ratification of OMAR himself. OMAR, who had therefore to be sent for, -arrived some six months afterwards, and the delay caused the actual -delivering up of the city to take place early in the autumn of A.D. -637.(80) - -The year A.D. 636-7 is therefore the accepted date of the passing over of -Jerusalem from the Romans to the Turks. - -OMAR seems to have stayed in the city only about ten days, during which he -must have given his instructions for the erection of the Mosque on the -site of the Temple. This Mosque, therefore, stands as the sign and the -symbol of the treading down of Jerusalem, and while it remains, those -times of treading down cannot be considered as fulfilled. - -How steady was Israel's decadence from Nebuchadnezzar to OMAR! Nothing -would exceed that darkest moment in Israel's history, when Israel was well -nigh obliterated in the mighty struggles of her enemies who fought over -her inheritance. Thus OMAR becomes the great central point of the 2,520 -years, whether reckoned as _Lunar_, _Zodiacal_, or _Solar_, dividing them -equally into two portions of 1,260 years.(81) - -Having thus fixed the central date, which already points forward to the -end, let us go back and find the starting point, that we may the better -understand the end. - -When Daniel was explaining to Nebuchadnezzar his mysterious dream, he -said, "Thou art this head of gold"! (Dan. ii. 38). This moment is -popularly, but erroneously, supposed to mark the commencement of the -Babylonian kingdom--the first of these four great Gentile powers. - -But Daniel spoke of what ALREADY existed, and was _explaining the then_ -condition of things. He said, "God _hath_ given thee a kingdom, power, and -strength, and glory" (Dan. ii. 37). The kingdom of Babylon had already -been in existence for more than thirty years, for its king had destroyed -Jerusalem and burnt the Temple with fire, and brought away many captives, -amongst whom was Daniel and his companions. The opening words of the book -make this very clear. - -The monumental history of Babylon, as now dug up, shows that before this -it had been sometimes tributary to, and sometimes almost independent of, -Assyria. In A.M. 3352, after a severe struggle with Assurbanipal, the -Assyrian king, Babylon was once more subdued, and its king setting fire to -his palace perished in the flames. After that there was peace for twenty- -two years, during which time Kandalanu governed Babylon in succession to -Sumas-sum-ukin, a son of Assurbanipal. - -In A.M. 3375 (_i.e._ B.C. 627),(82) another revolt broke out, and the -Assyrian king sent a general of great ability to quell it. His name was -Nabu-pal-user (which means _Nebo protects his son_). He put down the -rebellion with so much skill that Assurbanipal made him governor of -Babylon. He shortly afterwards, in A.M. 3376, himself rebelled, and made -himself King of Babylon. Associating with him his son Nebuchadnezzar, they -commenced a campaign against Assurbanipal, which ended in the fall of -Nineveh and the complete subjugation of Assyria. The kingdom of Babylon, -thus commencing in B.C. 625,(83) became the first great Gentile kingdom as -foretold in Daniel. - -There is practically no question, now, as to this date. - -The actual _duration_ of the three kingdoms that followed--Babylon, Medo- -Persia, and Greece, may not perhaps be so accurately determined. Their -total duration is known, because it is fixed by a known date at the other -end, but it might introduce controversial matter if we attempted to assign -to them their exact relative duration. Probably they were, -roughly:--Babylon about 90 years; Medo-Persia about 200 years; Greece about -304 years. - -We believe these to be fairly proportionate,(84) but whether they are or -not, their total amount must have been 594 years, because the undisputed -date of the battle of ACTIUM by which Augustus became the head of the -Roman Empire, was September B.C. 31. From this date Jerusalem passed -permanently under the power of Rome until the Mahommedan conquest in A.D. -636-7. - -We have, therefore, _three fixed dates_, and these decide for us the -_duration_ of the intervening periods; dividing them into the two great -Eclipse Cycles of 594 years and 666 years! - - - _Jerusalem under the Gentiles._ - - Babylon (the 1st Kingdom) commenced B.C. 625. - - Battle of Actium, ending the possession of the 3rd Kingdom, B.C. - 31. - - _Duration_ of the three Kingdoms, Babylon, Medo-Persia, and - Greece, together (1st Eclipse Cycle), 594 years. - - Rome (the 4th Kingdom) became the possessor of Jerusalem, B.C. 31. - - Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem, ending the possession of Rome, - A.D. 636. - - _Duration_ of Rome's possession of Jerusalem (2nd Eclipse Cycle), - 666(85) years. - - FIRST HALF OF "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES", 1260 years. - - Date of Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem, A.D. 636-7. - - SECOND HALF OF "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES" and _Duration_ of - Mahommedan possession of Jerusalem, A.D. 1260, and 1260 years. - - End and "fulness" of "the times of the Gentiles", A.D. 1896-7, and - 2520 years. - - -From this it appears that 1896-7 A.D. would mark the fulfilment, and -complete the duration, of "times of the Gentiles." - -The above reckoning has the following advantages over all previous -historicist interpretations:-- - -1. _Controverted_ dates are excluded. - -2. The _whole_ period of 2520 years is dealt with, instead of only the -latter half (1260), as is usually the case. - -3. It confines these "times" to the one place where the Lord Himself put -them, _viz._, "JERUSALEM." He said, "Jerusalem shall be trodden down of -the Gentiles, till the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled." - -These "times," therefore, are confined to Jerusalem. This "treading down" -is confined to Jerusalem. It is not the city of Rome that is to be trodden -down for 1260 years. Why, then, should these "times" be separated from -what is characteristic of their _duration_, and applied to Rome, papal or -imperial? Why should historicists search for some act of emperors or popes -in the early part of the seventh century in order to add it to 1260, so as -to find some terminal date in or near our own times!(86) - -We claim that the Lord Himself has joined these "times of the Gentiles" -with the city of "Jerusalem," and we say, "What, therefore, God hath -joined together, let not man put asunder" (Matt. xix. 6). - -When Jesus spoke of this _treading down_, it looks as though it were then -still future; for He said, "Jerusalem _shall be_ trodden down," etc., The -occupation of Jerusalem by Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome, was for -purposes of _government_ rather than for a wanton treading down. -Government on the earth was committed unto them. But when Jerusalem passed -from the government of the Roman Empire into the hands of the Turks, it -could then be said, in a very special sense, to be "trodden down." For of -any government worthy of the name there has been none; and of desolation -and desecration the city has been full. Under the feeble rule of the -Turks, all the Gentiles seem to have combined in laying waste the holy -city. - -Though Jews are returning thither in ever-increasing numbers, they are -only strangers there. They have as yet no independent position, nor can -they make any treaties. But when these "times" shall end, it means that -they will have a position of sufficient independence to be able to make a -treaty or league with the coming Prince (Dan. ix. 27); and then the course -of events will bring on another treading down of 1260 literal "days" which -will thus have had a fore-shadowing fulfilment in years! This is written -in Rev. xi. 2. And to save us from any misunderstanding, the time is -given, not in days, but in "_months_." - -The angel, after directing John to measure the Temple of God and the -altar, adds, "but the court which is without the Temple leave out, and -measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles; and the holy city shall -they tread under foot forty and two months." - -This refers to a future treading down, which will be limited to the brief -period of "forty two" literal "months," during the time of the coming -Prince; and "in the midst" of the last week, when he shall break His -covenant with the Jews,(87) set up the "abomination of desolation" (Dan -ix. 27; which is still future in Matt. xxiv. 15), and "tread down the holy -city." - -We now desire to specially emphasize the fact that all these dates, and -their termination in a rapidly approaching fulfilment, refer ONLY TO -JERUSALEM, AND THE GENTILES, AND THE JEWS! They refer only to the end of -the Gentile possession of Jerusalem, and to the settlement of the Jews in -their own city and land. - -These "times and seasons" have nothing whatever to do with "the Church of -God" (1 Thess. v. 1). The mystical Body of Christ, whenever its members -are complete, "will be taken up to meet the Lord--the Head of the Body--in -the air, so to be ever with the Lord" (1 Thess. iv. 15-17). This glorious -event has nothing to do with any earthly sign or circumstance, so far as -the members of this mystical Body are concerned. - -Therefore we are not dealing here with the coming of the Lord; either for -His saints, or with them. We are not referring to what is commonly and -erroneously called "the end of the world." We are merely pointing out that -the end of Gentile dominion _over Jerusalem_ is drawing near! And we -cannot close our eyes to the marvellous manner in which the veil is being -removed from Jewish hearts: to the change which has come over the Jewish -nation in its attitude towards Christ and Christianity, chiefly, under -God, through the unparalleled circulation of more than a quarter of a -million copies of a new translation of the New Testament into Hebrew, by -the late Isaac Salkinson, published by the Trinitarian Bible Society, and -freely distributed by the Mildmay Mission to the Jews: to the Palestine -literature which has sprung up amongst the Jews in recent years: to the -persecutions in various countries which are stirring their nest, and -setting the nation in motion: to the organized emigration to Argentina, -which its promoters avowedly speak of as "a nursery ground for Palestine" -(_Daily Graphic_, March 10th, 1892): to the railways completed and in -course of construction in the Holy Land: to the numerous Societies and -their branches which have permeated the whole nation, which, while having -various names, have only one object--"the colonisation of Palestine." - -When we put these events side by side with the teaching of the heavens as -to the "cycles" or appointed times, we are merely showing how wonderfully -they agree with what is written in the Book, and witnessed to by great and -uncontested historic dates. - -Nor are we absolutely naming a definite year or day even for these -Palestine events. After all, they can be only approximate, for man has so -misused every gift that God has ever given him, that even with such -wondrous heavenly time-keepers he cannot really tell you what year it is! -And, besides this loss of reckoning, there is confusion as to the -commencement of the A.D. era, which makes absolute accuracy between the -A.M., B.C., and A.D. dates impossible. - -Added to this, there is another point to be borne in mind, _viz._, that -when the "times of the Gentiles" shall end, Jewish independence need _not -be either immediate or complete_! - -For when Nebuchadnezzar began his kingdom of Babylon in A.M. 3376 (B.C. -625), the Jews, though in their land and city, were not independent. -Nebuchadnezzar went to and fro to Jerusalem, and put down and set up whom -he would; and it was not till some thirty years afterwards that he -destroyed the City and Temple and made the people captives. - -So, likewise, in the time of the end, there may be an _epanodos_. There -may be a similar period of possession without independence, a quasi- -independence guaranteed by the Great Powers; and, for ought we know, it -may be that, in order to gain _complete_ independence, they may ultimately -make that fatal league with the coming Prince. - -So that while we name the dates 1896-7 as being significant, we are not -"fixing dates" in the ordinary sense of the term, but merely pointing out -some of "the signs of the times," concerning which we ought not to be -ignorant. - -The _true interpretation_ will in any case still remain, and will surely -be literally fulfilled in its own time. The Word of God will be -vindicated; its prophetic truth will be verified; God Himself will be -glorified; and His people saved with an everlasting salvation. - -Meanwhile the members of His Body will "wait for His Son from heaven, whom -He raised from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to -come" (1 Thess. i. 10). They will live "looking for that blessed hope, and -the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, who -gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify -unto Himself a peculiar people (R.V., a people for His own possession) -zealous of good works" (Titus ii. 13, 14). They will "look for the -Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ," from heaven, believing that there is no -hope either for "the Jew, the Gentile, or the Church of God," or for a -groaning creation, until "the times of refreshing shall come from the -presence of the Lord; and He shall send Jesus Christ, whom the heaven must -receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath -spoken by the mouth of ALL HIS HOLY PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN" (Acts -iii. 19-21). - - - "The world is sick, and yet not unto death; - There is for it a day of health in store; - From lips of love there comes the healing breath,-- - The breath of Him who all its sickness bore, - And bids it rise to strength and beauty evermore. - - Evil still reigns; and deep within we feel - The fever, and the palsy, and the pain - Of life's perpetual heartaches, that reveal - The rooted poison, which, from heart and brain, - We labour to extract, but labour all in vain. - - Our skill avails not; ages come and go, - Yet bring with them no respite and no cure; - The hidden wound, the sigh of pent-up woe, - The sting we smother, but must still endure, - The worthless remedies which no relief procure,-- - - All these cry out for something more divine, - Which the worst woes of earth may not withstand; - Medicine that cannot fail--the oil and wine, - The balm and myrrh, growth of no earthly land, - And the all-skilful touch of the great Healer's hand. - - Man needs a prophet: Heavenly Prophet, speak, - And teach him what he is too proud to hear. - Man needs a priest: True Priest, Thy silence break, - And speak the words of pardon in his ear. - Man needs a king: O King, at length in peace appear." - - - - - -APPENDIX. NOTE ON THE SIGN LIBRA. - - -On page 47 we called attention to the point that in all probability the -Sign LIBRA was a very ancient corruption. - -The ancient Akkadian name for the _seventh_ month, which was the month -when the sun was in the Sign now called LIBRA, was _Tul-ku_, which means -_the sacred mound_, or _altar_. The Akkadian name for this Sign was _Bir_, -which means _the Light_, hence, the Lamp with its light, or the Altar with -its fire. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 1--The Circular Altar, in the Sign now called Libra. - - -Its most ancient form was a circular altar.(88) In Figure 1 we have -reproduced this,(89) and it will be at once seen that we have the original -of the disc now preserved in the _two circular scales_ which form the Sign -of LIBRA. - -The next stage of the corruption is shown in the Akkadian name of -_Scorpio_ (the Scorpion)--the Sign immediately to the left of the Altar. It -was called _Gir-tab_, which means _the Seizer and Stinger_, and the next -Figure (2), taken from an Euphratean boundary stone,(90) shows the two -Signs combined, for the Scorpion is stretching out its claws in order to -_seize_ the _Lamp_ or _Altar_. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 2--The Scorpion and the Lamp. (From a Euphratean Boundary Stone.) - - -Thus the meaning of its name is exemplified. It is called the _Seizer and -Stinger_. And just as in the constellation above it, the Serpent is -struggling with the man, while at the same time it is stretching out its -neck to seize the crown,(91) so here the Scorpion, while trying to _sting_ -the same man in the heel, is stretching out its claws to _seize_ the -altar. - -A seal on a contract, nearly 700 B.C., shows this Circular Altar actually -in the grasp of the Scorpion. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 3--Scorpion and Lamp. (From an Euphratean Seal.) - - -Figure 3 is a picture of this Euphratean Seal, preserved on a contract -made on the 8th day of the month _Tisri_, _i.e._, this same _seventh_ -month!(92) - -This then is the next stage. But Mr. Robert Brown, junr., observes, "The -_Circle_ or other representation of an _Altar_ not unnaturally disappeared -as the use of the Sign advanced westward; whether by sea, or across Asia -Minor, or both, and the _Chelai_ alone remained when the shores of the -gean were reached."(93) - -This is quite true, for the Greek name for the Sign was _Chelai_, which -means simply _the Claws_. And thus the Scorpion monopolised two Signs; its -body one, and its claws the other. This led to the mistake of SERVIUS, the -intelligent commentator on VIRGIL,(94) that "the Chaldean Zodiac consisted -of but eleven constellations." We now know that there were twelve Signs, -and the mistake is thus explained. - - [Illustration] - -Fig. 4--The Constellation of "the Claws." Formerly the Circular Altar, now - Libra. - - -Mr. Brown quotes ACHILLES TATIUS, about 475 A.D., in a Fragment on the -_Phainomena_, who says, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~} {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}.(95) - -ARATUS says that "some few stars of the _Claws_ are in the (Celestial) -Equator." And PTOLEMY describes the stars, now reckoned in LIBRA, as being -in what he calls "The Constellation of the Claws." We have reproduced them -so that his description of them may be readily traced. He speaks of-- - - - "The bright one of those at the end of the southern _Claw_." (It - is named _Zuben el Genubi_ and now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}). - - "The one more northerly than it, and dimmer" (now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}). - - "The bright one of those at the end of the northern _Claw_" (named - _Zuben el Chemali_, and now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}). - - "The one in front of it and dim" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}). - - "The one in the middle of the southern _Claw_" (1 i). - - "The one in the middle of the northern _Claw_" (now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}). - - "The one behind it in the same _Claw_" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}). - - "The foremost of the three more northerly than the northern - _Claws_" (1 f). - - "The southern one of the two hindmost" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}). - - "The hindmost of the three between the _Claws_" (one of the stars - now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} or {~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}). - - "The northern of the two remaining and preceding ones" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~}). - - "The southern one of them" (n). - - -This is how the stars formerly in the Sign of the (Circular) ALTAR, came -to be reckoned in _the Claws_ of the Scorpion; and this is how the -circular scales of LIBRA came to be substituted for the ancient _Circular_ -ALTAR. - -This corruption of the primitive teaching of the ALTAR, shows how the -enemy attempted to _seize_ on the Atonement, bring in "the way of Cain," -and substitute _human merit_ for the atoning sacrifice of Christ; thus -perverting the truth at its fountain head. Just as in Gen. iii. we have -the woman's promised Seed in conflict with the Enemy, so in Gen. iv. we -see the Scorpion's claws--"the way of Cain" in conflict with "the way of -God." - -There can be but little doubt, therefore, that the first Sign of the -Zodiac was VIRGO, the second was the ALTAR, and the third was the -SCORPION. The lesson which they teach is clear: The Seed of the woman -(VIRGO), who was to come as a child, should be a sacrifice (the ALTAR) for -the sins of His people; endure a great conflict with the enemy (SCORPIO), -in which He should be wounded in the heel; but should in the end crush and -tread the enemy under foot. - - - - - - -FOOTNOTES - - - 1 For what is meant by "Structure," see _A Key to the Psalms_, by the - late Rev. Thos. Boys, edited by the present author, 7, St. Paul's - Churchyard. Price Five shillings. - - 2 _Viz._, in _A_ (verses 7, 8),-- - - "Converting," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, _to return_, as the sun in the heavens. - - "Testimony," from {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to repeat_, hence, _a witness_, spoken of - the sun in Ps. lxxxix. 37. - - "Sure," {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN~}, _faithful_, as the sun. (Ps. lxxxix. 37.) - - "Enlightening," from {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to give light_, as the sun. (Gen. i. 15, - 17, 18; Isa. lx. 19; Ezek. xxxii. 7.) - - In _B_ (verses 11, 12, 13),-- - - "Warned," from {~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to make light_, hence, _to teach_, - _admonish_. - - "Keeping," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to keep_, _observe_, as the heavens. (Ps. - cxxx. 6; Isa. xxi. 11.) Or as the heavenly bodies _observe_ God's - ordinances. - - "Errors," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, _to wander_, as the planets. - - "Keep back," {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}, _to hold back_, _restrain_. - - "Have dominion over," from {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _to rule_. Spoken of the sun and - moon in Gen. i. 18. "The sun to rule the day," &c. (Ps. cxxxvi. 8, - 9.) - - 3 The other half of the Psalm is just as perfectly arranged. For - example, there are six words used (verses 7-9) to describe the - fulness of the Word of God, and they are thus placed, alternately:-- - - F | _Two_ feminine singulars. (Law and Testimony.) - G | _One_ masculine plural. (Statutes.) - _F_ | _Two_ feminine singulars. (Commandment and Fear.) - _G_ | _One_ masculine plural. (Judgments.) - - 4 From {~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to cut into_, or _grave_, hence, _to write_. It has the - two senses of our English verb _tell_, which means _to count_, and - also _to narrate_. The first occurrence is Gen. xv. 5, "_Tell_ - ({~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}) the stars, if thou be able to _number_ ({~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}) them." Gen. - xxiv. 66, "The servant _told_ Isaac all things that he had done." - Ps. lxxi. 15, "My mouth shall _show forth_ ({~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _tell of_, - R.V.) thy righteousness and thy salvation all the day; for I know - not the _numbers_ ({~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _i.e._, _the accounts_) of them," - _i.e._, all the particulars. - - 5 From {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to be heavy, weight_, the context determining whether - the weight spoken of is advantageous or not. The first occurrence is - Gen. xii. 10, "The famine was _grievous_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}) in the land." The - next, xiii. 2, "Abram was very _rich_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~})." It is often applied - to persons who are _of weight_ and _importance_, hence, glorious and - honourable. It is used of the _glory_ of the Lord, and of God - Himself, as we use Majesty of a person. See Isa. iii. 8; iv. 2; xi. - 10; xliii. 20; Hag. ii. 8; Ex. xvi. 7; xxiv. 17; 1 Sam. iv. 21; Pss. - xxvi. 8 (_honour_); lxiii. 3. - - 6 From {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER GIMEL~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to set before_, _to set forth_, _to shew_. First - occurrence, Gen. iii. 11, "Who _told_ thee that thou wast naked." - Ps. xcvii. 6, "The heavens _declare_ His righteousness"; cxi. 6, - "_He hath shewed_ his people the power of his works." - - 7 This is the English idiom for the Hebrew "Day to day." The {~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~} is used - in its sense of _adding_ or superadding to, as in Isa. xxviii. 10, - {~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~} {~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}, "precept to precept;" _i.e._, precept after precept, line - after line. Gen. xlvi. 26, "All the souls that came with Jacob" - ({~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER QOF~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, to Jacob; _i.e._, in addition to Jacob. So here, "Day to - day;" _i.e._, Day in addition to day, or, as we say, Day after day). - - 8 From {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}, _to tell forth_, akin to {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _to prophesy_, from root - _to pour forth_. Lit., here, poureth forth discourse. Ps. cxlv. 9, - "abundantly utter." - - 9 Their line, {~HEBREW LETTER QOF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}, _i.e._, their measuring line. By the figure of - metonymy the _line_ which measures is put for the portion or - heritage which is measured, as in many other places. See Ps. xvi. 6, - "The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a - goodly heritage." (See also Ps. lxxviii. 55, &c.) Here, it means - that "Their measuring line has gone forth unto all the earth - ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~})"; _i.e._, All the earth inherits this their testimony - (_i.e._, has this testimony for its heritage), and to the ends of - the world ({~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _the inhabited world_) their instruction has gone - forth. With this agrees, in sense, the LXX. here, and Rom. x. 16, - which each has {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _a sound_, or _voice_; _i.e._, a sound in - relation to the hearer, rather than to that which causes it. The - meaning of the passage is, "All the earth has their _sound_ or - testimony as its heritage, and the ends of the world hear their - words." Symmachus has {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _a sound_, or _report_. - - 10 {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~} means _that which is hot_, and is a poetical name of the sun - itself. - - 11 Job is thought by some to be the Jobab mentioned in Gen. x. 29, the - third in descent from Eber. - - 12 Note the structure of this verse:-- - - A | The seven stars, - B | Orion, - _A_ | The twelve signs, - _B_ | Arcturus. - - 13 General Chesney allowed the late Dean Goode to copy the passage, - among other matters, from his private MS. The Dean quotes it in his - _Warburtonian Lectures_ (2nd Ed., Note I. to Sermon IV., p. 170-1.) - - 14 Fragments of these coloured glazed bricks are to be seen in the - British Museum. - - 15 _Babylonian Life and History_, p. 36. - - 16 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}. - - 17 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}. - - 18 Besides this _monthly_ difference, there is an _annual_ difference; - for at the end of twelve months the sun does not come back to - exactly the same point in the sign which commenced the year, but is - a little behind it. But this difference, though it occurs every - year, is so small that it will take 25,579 years for the sun to - complete this vast cycle, which is called _The precession of the - Equinoxes_; _i.e._, about one degree in every 71 years. If the sun - came back to the precise point at which it began the year, each - _sign_ would correspond, always and regularly, exactly with a - particular _month_; but, owing to this constant regression, the sun - (while it goes through the whole twelve signs every year) commences - the year in one sign for only about 2,131 years. In point of fact, - since the Creation the commencement of the year has changed to the - extent of nearly three of the signs. When Virgil sings-- - - "_The White Bull with golden horns opens the year_," - - he does not record what took place in his own day. This is another - proof of the antiquity of these signs. - - The _Ecliptic_, or path of the sun, if it could be viewed from - immediately beneath the Polar Star, would form a complete and - perfect circle, would be concentric with the _Equator_, and all the - stars and the sun would appear to move in this circle, never rising - or setting. To a person north or south of the Equator the stars - therefore rise and set obliquely; while to a person on the Equator - they rise and set perpendicularly, each star being twelve hours - above and twelve below the horizon. - - The points where the two circles (the _Ecliptic_ and the _Equator_) - intersect each other are called the _Equinoctial points_. It is the - movement of these points (which are now moving from Aries to Pisces) - which gives rise to the term, "_the precession of the Equinoxes_." - - 19 It is exactly the same with the books of the Bible. Their order and - their names, _as we have them_ in the English Bible, are those which - _man_ has given them, copied from the Septuagint and Vulgate, and in - many cases are not the Divine names according to the Hebrew Canon. - - 20 Here, the fact of His humiliation, together with this long period of - His rejection, is leaped over, and the prophecy passes on at - once--over at least a period of 1893 years--to this "glory which - should follow." - - 21 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, _Al Mureddin_. - - 22 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, _Zavijavah_. - - 23 The star now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}. - - 24 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~}. - - 25 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _Al Zimach_. - - 26 The stars are known by Greek letters and sometimes by numbers, &c. - Alpha ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}) denotes a star of the _first_ magnitude; Beta ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}), the - second, and so on. This plan was originated by Bayer in his - _Uranometria_, 1603. The star _Alpha_, as seen in the New Great - Equatorial Telescope recently set up at Greenwich, is now discovered - to be really a _double_ star, though it had hitherto always appeared - to be _one_. - - 27 Jer. xxxiii. 15 being only a repetition of Jer. xxiii. 5. - - 28 From {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~} which occurs only in Ps. lxiii. 1, "my flesh _longeth_ - for thee." It is akin to {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to desire_. Ps. xix. 10; Is. liii. - 2; Hag. ii. 7; etc. - - 29 A Latin translation of his work is in the British Museum Library. He - says the Persians understood these signs, but that the Indians - perverted them with inventions. - - 30 The constellations are called _Decans_. The word means _a part_, and - is used of the three parts into which each sign is divided, each of - which is occupied by a constellation. - - 31 It appears that MM. Saulnier, fils, and Lelorrain arrived while - Signor Bossi was engaged in copying it, but concealed their design - to remove it. The King of France paid 6,250 sterling for it. It has - since been copied, and lithographs have been published. - - 32 Act IV., Scene 3. - - 33 _I.e._, _come forth_ (as in the R.V.). _At_, as the preposition {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~} is - rendered in Gen. iii. 24. "There shall come forth a star at or over - the inheritance or possessions of Jacob," thus indicating the - locality which would be on the _meridian_ of this star. - - 34 It ought also to be noted that in the preceding year there were - three conjunctions of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, at the end of - May and October, and at the beginning of December. Kepler - (1571-1631) was the first to point this out, and his calculations - have been confirmed by the highest authorities. These conjunctions - occurred in the sign of PISCES: and this sign, according to all the - ancient Jewish authorities (Josephus, Abarbanel, Eliezer, and - others), has special reference to _Israel_. The conjunction of - Jupiter and Saturn, they hold, always marked the occurrence of some - event _favourable to Israel_; while Kepler, calculating backwards, - found that this astronomical phenomenon always coincided with some - great historical crisis, _viz._: the Revelation to Adam, the birth - of Enoch, the Revelation to Noah, the birth of Moses, the birth of - Cyrus, the birth of Christ, the birth of Charlemagne, and the birth - of Luther. - - 35 The ancient name could not have been _Botes_! though it is derived - from, and may be a reminiscence of the Hebrew. - - 36 ARATUS calls him _Arctophylax_, _i.e._, the guardian of Arctos, the - flock of the greater fold, called to-day the Great Bear:-- - - "Behind, and seeming to urge on the Bear, - Arctophylax, on earth Botes named, - Sheds o'er the Arctic car his silver light." - - By some moderns he is mistakenly called _The Waggoner_. Hence the - allusion of Thompson:-- - - "Wide o'er the spacious regions of the North, - Botes urges on his tardy wain." - - This perversion scarcely does justice even to human common sense, as - waggoners do not use a sickle for a whip! - - 37 The constellation is a very brilliant one, having 54 stars, _viz._, - one of the 1st magnitude, six of the 3rd, eleven of the 4th, etc. - - The constellation of the _Canes Venatici_ (_the Greyhounds_), - _i.e._, the two dogs (Asterion and Chara), which Botes holds by a - leash, is quite a modern invention, being added by Hevelius - (1611-1687). The bright star of the 3rd magnitude in the neck of - Chara, was named "_Cor Caroli_" (_the heart of Charles_) by Sir - Charles Scarborough, physician to Charles II., in honour of Charles - I., in 1649. This is a good example of the almost infinite distance - between the ancient and modern names. The former are full of - mysterious significance and grandeur, while the latter are puerile - in the extreme, almost approaching to the comic! _e.g._, the Air - Pump, the Painter's Easel, the Telescope, the Triangle, the Fly, the - Microscope, the Indian, the Fox and Goose, the Balloon, the Toucan - (or American Goose), the Compasses, Charles's Oak, the Cat, the - Clock, the Unicorn, &c. The vast difference can be at once seen - between those designed by the ancients and those added by - astronomers in more recent times. - - These new constellations were added, 22 by Hevelius (1611-1687); and - 15 by Halley (1656-1742). They were formed for the purpose of - embracing those stars which were not included in the ancient - constellations. This shows that the old constellations were not - designed, like the modern ones, merely for the sake of enabling - astronomers to identify the positions of particular stars. In this - case _all_ the stars would have been included. _The object was - exactly the opposite_! Instead of the pictures being designed to - serve to identify the stars, only certain stars were used for the - purpose of helping _to identify the pictures_! - - This is another important proof of the truth of our whole argument. - - 38 See quotation from Dr. Budge, on page 12. - - 39 And certainly the symbol by which it is still known {~LIBRA~} is more like - the top of an altar (See _Ara_, Plate XIV.) than a pair of balances, - to which we can trace no resemblance whatever. See Note in the - Appendix. - - 40 _Antares_ seems also to have been known as _Lesath_. - - 41 Luke xxii. 53: comp. Col. i. 13 and Eph. vi. 12. - - 42 In 1604 a new star appeared in the eastern foot of Ophiuchus, but - disappeared again in 1605. - - 43 There is an ancient Greek fable which calls Ophiuchus sculapius, - the son of Apollo. Having restored Hippolytus to life, he was - everywhere worshipped as the god of health, and hence the serpent - entwined around him is, to this day, the symbol of the medical art! - This, however, is, doubtless, another perversion of the primitive - truth that the Coming One in overcoming the serpent, should become - the great healer of all the sorrows of the world, and cause all its - groanings to cease. - - 44 _Cerberus_, or the serpent with three heads, was placed by Hevelius - (1611-1687) by the side of Hercules. Bayer had previously placed the - apple branch in his hand. This was symbolical of the golden apples - of _Hesperides_, which he obtained by killing the three-headed - _hydra_, by whom they were guarded. In our picture these are - combined, and a bow and quiver added from other ancient authorities. - - 45 In our picture we have combined the two great thoughts, taking the - _harp_ from a picture dug up at Herculaneum, and adding an eagle - soaring up with it. - - 46 This is the first time that the word "Alleluia" occurs in the New - Testament, and it is praise for judgment executed. - - Where is its first occurrence in the Old Testament? In Ps. civ. 35, - where we have the very same solemn and significant connection:-- - - "Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, - And let the wicked be no more. - Bless thou the LORD, O my soul, - HALLELUJAH (Praise ye the LORD)." - - 47 There is a fish tail here. The third Decan of CAPRICORNUS is a fish - (_Delphinus_). There is again a fish (_Piscis Australis_) in the - next sign (AQUARIUS), and then the following sign is PISCES, or the - Fishes. So that the Redeemed Multitudes are presented throughout - this Second Book. - - 48 When we come to the last chapter of this book we shall see that the - Sun was in the sign of the other sacrificial animal, ARIES, at the - very hour of the Crucifixion. And ARIES sets before us the victory - of "the Lamb that was slain." - - 49 The eleventh, because everyone begins to reckon from ARIES, and not - as we have done from VIRGO, as shown by the riddle of the Sphinx. - See page 20. - - 50 And in great contrast with several modern ones near it, _e.g._, the - Balloon, the Sculptor's Apparatus, the Microscope, Euclid's Square, - the Telescope, etc., etc. - - 51 How inconsistent when there were three such conjunctions in one - year, all in the same sign of PISCES, immediately preceding the - birth of the woman's Seed; and in addition to this the new star - which had been foretold. See under _Coma_, Pages 36, 37, 38. - - 52 The figure of _Tapeinosis_, which calls our attention to that fact - that He was delighted thus to be called. - - 53 There are 113 stars in this sign, none of any great importance; only - one of the 3rd magnitude, five of the 4th, etc. - - 54 "El Nath" is used by Chaucer as the name of a spring star. - - 55 TAURUS then marked the Spring Equinox. - - 56 "Thy beauty; for it was perfect through My comeliness, which I put - upon thee (Jerusalem), saith the LORD" (Ezek. xvi. 14). - - 57 Those who interpret the Queen here of the Church as the Bride, - interpret the "Virgins" in Matt. xxv. of the Bride also. But how - inconsistent! If the "Virgins" be the Church in Matt. xxv., then - where is the Bride? If the Queen is the Bride (the Church) in Ps. - xlv., then who are the "virgins her companions"? Both cannot be the - correct interpretation. In fact, both are wrong, and hence the - _confusion_. The Bride must be interpreted by the Old Testament - scriptures, and the Prophecies which belong to Israel must not be - robbed and given to the Church. They cannot be thus diverted without - bringing confusion into the Scripture, and causing loss to our - souls. - - 58 See Job xxxix. 14, 15, where it is said, the ostrich "leaveth her - eggs in the dust, forgetting that the foot may crush them, or that - the wild beast may break them." - - 59 The others have names, but they were given by the Greeks from the - names of the seven daughters of _Atlas_ and _Pleione_. The Hyades - were their sisters. Together they tell us that the saints will be - secure with this mighty Lord when he comes to rule. - - 60 The Pleiades and Hyades are sometimes spoken of as constellations, - but this is a mistake; they are integral parts of Taurus. - - 61 See Jer. xxx. 21; and Matt. xxi. 10. - - 62 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the belt) is called _Mintaka_, _dividing_, as a - sacrifice. (Lev. viii. 2.) - - 63 Note, that-- - - In a and _a_, we have the rising of Israel; - In b and _b_, the light that is come upon her; - In c and _c_, the glory of the LORD; and - In d and _d_, the darkness of the world. - - 64 It is also reckoned in the horn of Taurus. - - 65 The same as in 2 Sam. iv. 1. - - 66 Our English "Sir" is derived from this word. - - 67 _Euphratean Stellar Researches_. - - 68 Marg., "_the captives of the just_," or, as read by _the Vulg._ and - _Syr._, "_the captives of the terrible_." - - 69 The Scarabus, passing its early existence as a worm of the earth, - and thence issuing as a winged denizen of heaven, was held sacred by - the Egyptians as an emblem of the resurrection of the body. - - 70 The _Ass_ was the emblem of _Typhon_, the king _who smites_ or _is - smitten_. - - 71 The word is so rendered in Judges v. 16, in A.V. - - 72 _Euphratean Stellar Researches_, pp. 8, 9. - - 73 The Grco-Judean equivalent of Joshua or Jesus. - - 74 Jamieson's _Scientific Display_, &c., p. 58. - - 75 (1) _Gor_, a lion's whelp. (2) _Ciphir_, a young lion when first - hunting for himself. (3) _Sachal_, a mature lion in full strength. - (4) _Laish_, a fierce lion. (5) _Labia_, a lioness; and (6) _Arieh_, - an adult lion, having paired, in search of his prey (Nah. ii. 12; 2 - Sam. xvii. 10; Num. xxiii. 24). - - 76 The passage consists really of two members, each of which is - arranged as an introversion, where the subject of 1 corresponds to - 7; 2 corresponds to 6; etc. - - 77 General Vallancey spells _Saros_ {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~}, which amounts to 666 by - Gematria! _Viz._, {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~} = 300 + {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~} = 70 + {~HEBREW LETTER RESH~} = 200 + {~HEBREW LETTER VAV~} = 6 + {~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~} = 90 = 666. - - 78 These facts are kindly supplied by Mr. E. W. Maunder, of the Royal - Observatory, Greenwich, who gives another example, as follows:-- - - In A.D. 586 there were two solar eclipses: on June 22 (Julian) the - old and dying eclipse, and on July 22 (Julian) another (the new - one). A _Saros_ (_viz._, 18 years and 11 days) earlier _there was - only one_, _viz._ on June 11 (Julian), A.D. 568, there being no - eclipse on July 11 of that year. - - The last appearance of this new eclipse, which first appeared on - July 22, 586, was on August 28 (Greg.), 1848, so that it had a life - history of 70 _Sari_, amounting to 1,262 years 36 days (after the - Julian dates have been corrected to correspond to the Gregorian). - Thus the eclipse that died, so to speak, on August 28 (Greg.), 1848, - first appeared on July 22 (Julian) in A.D. 586. See an important - article on Eclipses by Mr. E. W. Maunder in _Knowledge_, for October - 1893, where other _life-histories_ of eclipses are given, and the - whole subject of eclipses clearly explained. - - 79 The relations between 595 years and 1,262 years 36 days, are the - same as the relations between 594 years and 1,260 years. The - difference of the 2 years 36 days is due to the excess of 10.96 days - over the 18 completed years in each _Saros._ - - 80 This is the date which concerns only the _City of Jerusalem_. The - Romans were not completely driven out from _the land_ until Csarea - had fallen in 638, when the conquest was finally completed. See - Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_. - - 81 This date 636-7 is a great and important central date, whether we - reckon backwards or forwards; whether we reckon them as _Lunar_, - _Zodiacal_ (360 days), or _Solar_ (365 days) years. - - (1.) If we take _Lunar years_ (= 1222-1/2 Solar)-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_, we get to 587 B.C., the very date of the - destruction of the Temple by Nebuchadnezzar. - - (b.) reckoning _forward_, we get to 1860 A.D., the very date of the - European intervention in the Lebanon, which has brought the Eastern - Question into its present prominent position. - - (2.) If we take _Zodiacal years_ (= 1242 Solar)-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_ we get to 608 B.C., the date of the battle - of Carchemish (2 Chron. xxxv. 20), when Babylon completed the - conquest of Assyria, and became supreme; utterly shattering all the - hope which Israel had in Egypt. - - (b.) reckoning _forward_ brings us to 1879 A.D., when, by the Treaty - of Berlin, Ottoman power received a blow from which it has never - recovered, and which has prepared the way for its extinction. - - (3.) If we take _Solar years_, then-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_, we get to B.C. 624 (A.M. 3376), the - beginning of the Babylonian kingdom, the "head of gold." - - (b.) reckoning _forward_ we get to 1896-7 A.D., which is yet future. - - These reckonings in their _beginnings_ and _endings_ form an - _introversion_, or _Epanodos_, thus:-- - - 587 B.C. ... 606 B.C. ... 624 B.C. ... dates increasing. - - 1860 A.D. ... 1879 A.D. ... 1896-7 A.D. ... dates increasing. - - The _Solar_ reckonings are the more important dates; the _Lunar_ are - next in significance; while _Zodiacal_ reckonings furnish us with - dates which, to say the least, fit neatly into their places. - - 82 These dates are those furnished by the Monuments, as given by Dr. - Budge, of the British Museum, in his _Babylonian Life and History_, - R.T.S., 1885. They also agree with the dates dug up by Sir Henry - Rawlinson in 1862, consisting of fragments of seven copies of the - famous "Eponym Canon of Assyria," by which the Assyrian chronology - has been definitely settled. Before this, historians had to be - content with inferences and conjectures. - - 83 In adjusting the A.M. and B.C. dates, the latter are always - apparently one year in advance of the former, because B.C. 4000 was - A.M. 1, and B.C. 3999 was A.M. 2. Hence A.M. 3376 is not B.C. 624, - but it is B.C. 625. - - 84 Cyrus took Babylon, according to the Monuments, in the 17th year of - Nabonidus, B.C. 539. 1 Maccabees i. begins the first of Alexander - from the death of Darius Codomannus in A.M. 3672. This would - slightly vary the above distribution of the years of separate - duration. - - 85 In passing from B.C. dates to A.D. dates, _one year must always be - deducted_, _e.g._, from B.C. 2 to A.D. 2 is only _three_ years, not - four! Thus-- - - From Jan. 1 B.C. 2 to Jan. 1 B.C. 1 is one year. - - From Jan. 1 B.C. 1 to Jan. 1 A.D. 1 is one year. - - From Jan. 1 A.D. 1 to Jan. 1 A.D. 2 is one year. - - These make only _three_ years. - - Hence, B.C. 31 to A.D. 636 is 666 years, not 667. - - 86 While the _premisses_ of the Historicist school are thus - strengthened, their _conclusions_ are shown to be erroneous. - - 87 And cause sacrifice and oblation to cease (Dan. ix. 27). We know - that is referred, by historicists, to the Messiah. But they are not - entitled to so interpret this passage unless they take with it viii. - 11, xi. 31, and xii. 11, where the same event is distinctly referred - to, and is spoken, not of Christ, but of Antichrist. - - 88 See ARATOS, line 440. - - 89 As proved by Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., in his _Remarks on the - Euphratean Astronomical Names of the Signs of the Zodiac_ (p. 16). - - 90 By the kind permission of Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., _The Celestial - Equator of Aratos_, p. 466. - - 91 See this shown on the cover of this book. - - 92 Menant, _Empreintes de Cachets Assyro-Chaldens_, 9. "Sur un contrat - dat du 8 Tisri, de l'anne de Bin-takkil-ani, 690 ou 645 avant - J.C." - - 93 _Researches on the Euphratean Astronomical Names of the Signs of the - Zodiac_, p. 17. - - 94 In _Georgica_, i. 33. - - 95 AP PETAVIUS, _Uranologion_, 168, "_The claws, called by the - Egyptians Zugon_," _i.e._, _the yoke_ that joins any two things - together. - - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WITNESS OF THE STARS*** - - - -CREDITS - - -May 21, 2015 - - Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1 - Produced by David Garcia, Jeff G., David King, and the Online - Distributed Proofreading Team at <http://www.pgdp.net/>. - - - -A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG - - -This file should be named 49018-8.txt or 49018-8.zip. - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - - - http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/9/0/1/49018/ - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one -- the old editions will be -renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law -means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the -Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States -without permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/49018-8.zip b/49018-8.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 21ca648..0000000 --- a/49018-8.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/49018-h.zip b/49018-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 08ac771..0000000 --- a/49018-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/49018-h/49018-h.html b/49018-h/49018-h.htm index d1764c2..0db3475 100644 --- a/49018-h/49018-h.html +++ b/49018-h/49018-h.htm @@ -128,53 +128,12 @@ </head> <body class="tei"> + <div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 49018 ***</div> <div lang="en" class="tei tei-text" style= "margin-bottom: 2.00em; margin-top: 2.00em" xml:lang="en"> <div class="tei tei-front" style= "margin-bottom: 6.00em; margin-top: 2.00em"> <div class="tei tei-div" style= - "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> - <div id="pgheader" class="tei tei-div" style= - "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> - <div class="tei tei-div" style= - "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> - <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 2.00em">The Project - Gutenberg EBook of The Witness of the Stars by Ethelbert William - Bullinger</p> - </div> - - <div class="tei tei-div" style= - "margin-top: 3.00em; margin-bottom: 3.00em"> - <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This ebook is - for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most - other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. 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10.909 re f -Q -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 185.578 189.721 Td [(\051)-279(the)-278(crooked)-278(serpent)-279(among)-278(the)]TJ -138.807 -13.549 Td [(stars)-250(of)-250(heaven.)]TJ 11.956 -14.367 Td [(Thus)-326(we)-326(see)-326(that)-325(the)-326(Scriptures)-326(are)-326(not)-326(silent)-326(as)-326(to)-326(the)-325(great)]TJ -11.956 -13.55 Td [(antiquity)-250(of)-250(the)-250(signs)-250(and)-250(constellations.)]TJ 11.956 -14.367 Td [(If)-234(we)-235(turn)-234(to)-234(history)-235(and)-234(tradition,)-237(we)-235(are)-234(at)-234(once)-235(met)-234(with)-234(the)]TJ -11.956 -13.549 Td [(fact)-203(that)-203(the)-202(Twelve)-203(Signs)-203(are)-203(the)-202(same,)-213(both)-202(as)-203(to)-203(the)-203(meaning)-202(of)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(their)-261(names)-261(and)-261(as)-261(to)-261(their)-261(order)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 144.145 0 Td [(in)-261(all)-261(the)-261(ancient)-261(nations)-261(of)-261(the)]TJ -144.145 -13.55 Td [(world)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 25.462 0 Td [(.)-295(The)-265(Chinese,)-269(Chaldean,)-268(and)-265(Egyptian)-265(records)-265(go)-265(back)-265(to)]TJ -25.462 -13.549 Td [(more)-225(than)-224(2,000)-225(years)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 98.573 0 Td [(B)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.316 0 Td [(.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 2.727 0 Td [(C)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.316 0 Td [(.)-225(Indeed,)-229(the)-225(Zodiacs)-225(in)-225(the)-224(Temples)-225(of)]TJ -111.932 -13.549 Td [(Denderah)-301(and)-300(Esn\351h,)-313(in)-301(Egypt,)-313(are)-300(doubtless)-301(copies)-300(of)-300(Zodiacs)]TJ -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -ET -endstream -endobj -91 0 obj << -/Length 6850 ->> -stream -0 g 0 G -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 93.543 548.934 Td [(14)-14892(The)-250(Witness)-250(of)-250(the)-250(Stars)]TJ -0 g 0 G - 0 -30.759 Td [(still)-224(more)-225(ancient,)-229(which,)-230(from)-224(internal)-224(evidence,)-230(must)-224(be)-224(placed)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(nearly)-250(4,000)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 57.262 0 Td [(B)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.316 0 Td [(.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 2.727 0 Td [(C)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.316 0 Td [(.,)-250(when)-250(the)-250(summer)-250(solstice)-250(was)-250(in)-250(Leo.)]TJ -58.665 -14.777 Td [(Josephus)-285(hands)-284(down)-285(to)-284(us)-285(what)-285(he)-284(gives)-285(as)-284(the)-285(traditions)-284(of)]TJ -11.956 -13.549 Td [(his)-377(own)-377(nation,)-409(corroborated)-377(by)-377(his)-377(reference)-377(to)-376(eight)-377(ancient)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(Gentile)-314(authorities,)-330(whose)-314(works)-314(are)-314(lost.)-442(He)-314(says)-314(that)-314(they)-313(all)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(assert)-317(that)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 48.126 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(God)-317(gave)-318(the)-317(antediluvians)-317(such)-317(long)-317(life)-318(that)-317(they)]TJ -52.969 -13.549 Td [(might)-383(perfect)-384(those)-383(things)-383(which)-383(they)-384(had)-383(invented)-383(in)-383(astron-)]TJ 0 -13.55 Td [(omy.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 22.124 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 8.522 0 Td [(Cassini)-337(commences)-337(his)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 107.395 0 Td [(History)-337(of)-337(Astronomy)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 99.518 0 Td [(by)-337(saying)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf -237.559 -13.549 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(It)-439(is)-438(impossible)-439(to)-438(doubt)-439(that)-439(astronomy)-438(was)-439(invented)-438(from)]TJ -4.844 -13.549 Td [(the)-349(beginning)-349(of)-349(the)-348(world;)-399(history,)-373(profane)-349(as)-349(well)-349(as)-348(sacred,)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(testifies)-213(to)-213(this)-213(truth.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 88.493 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.167 0 Td [(Nouet,)-220(a)-213(French)-213(astronomer,)-221(infers)-213(that)-213(the)]TJ -95.66 -13.549 Td [(Egyptian)-250(Astronomy)-250(must)-250(have)-250(arisen)-250(5,400)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 197.258 0 Td [(B)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.316 0 Td [(.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 2.727 0 Td [(C)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.317 0 Td [(.!)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf -283.374 0 Td [([010])]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 84.711 -14.777 Td 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Td [(in)-312(the)-312(verse)-312(which)-312(relates)-312(to)-312(the)-312(height)-312(of)-312(this)-312(tower.)-435(It)-312(merely)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(says)]TJ -ET -q -1 0 0 1 116.182 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 127.091 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 138 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 148.909 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 159.818 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 170.727 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 181.636 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 192.546 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 203.455 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 214.364 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 225.273 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 236.182 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 247.091 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 258 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 268.909 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 279.818 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 290.727 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 301.636 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 312.546 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 323.455 175.763 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 334.364 175.763 Td [(,)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 6.862 0 Td [(and)-353(his)]TJ -247.683 -13.549 Td [(top)-376(with)-376(the)-375(heavens)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 93.507 0 Td [(,)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 7.17 0 Td [(i.e.)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 20.175 0 Td [(with)-376(the)-376(pictures)-375(and)-376(the)-376(stars,)-407(just)]TJ -120.852 -13.549 Td [(as)-319(we)-319(find)-319(them)-318(in)-319(the)-319(ancient)-319(temples)-319(of)-319(Denderah)-319(and)-318(Esn\351h)]TJ 0 -13.55 Td [(in)-373(Egypt.)-618(This)-373(tower,)-404(with)-372(its)-373(planisphere)-373(and)-373(pictures)-373(of)-372(the)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(signs)-395(and)-394(constellations,)-431(was)-395(to)-395(be)-394(erected)-395(like)-395(those)-394(temples)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(were)-283(afterwards,)-291(in)-283(order)-282(to)-283(preserve)-283(the)-283(revelation,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 231.445 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(lest)-283(we)-283(be)]TJ -236.289 -13.549 Td [(scattered)-250(abroad)-250(upon)-250(the)-250(face)-250(of)-250(the)-250(whole)-250(earth.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 217.2 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -205.244 -14.777 Td [(This)-266(is)-265(corroborated)-266(by)-266(Lieut.-Gen.)-297(Chesney,)-269(well)-266(known)-265(for)]TJ -11.956 -13.549 Td [(his)-229(learned)-230(researches)-229(and)-230(excavations)-229(among)-229(the)-230(ruins)-229(of)-229(Baby-)]TJ -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -ET -endstream -endobj -95 0 obj << -/Length 5851 ->> -stream -0 g 0 G -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 46.771 548.934 Td [(Introduction.)-19530(15)]TJ -0 g 0 G - 0 -30.759 Td [(lon,)-214(who,)-214(after)-204(describing)-205(his)-205(various)-205(discoveries,)-213(says,)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 237.713 3.959 Td [(13)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 10.801 -3.959 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(About)]TJ -253.358 -13.549 Td [(five)-312(miles)-312(S.W.)-313(of)-312(Hillah,)-327(the)-313(most)-312(remarkable)-312(of)-312(all)-312(the)-312(ruins,)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(the)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 15.514 0 Td [(Birs)-200(Nimroud)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 61.344 0 Td [(of)-400(the)-200(Arabs,)-210(rises)-201(to)-200(a)-200(height)-200(of)-200(153)-200(feet)-200(above)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 214.166 0 Td [([011])]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -291.024 -13.549 Td [(the)-348(plain)-348(from)-349(a)-348(base)-348(covering)-348(a)-348(square)-348(of)-348(400)-349(feet,)-372(or)-348(almost)]TJ 0 -13.55 Td [(four)-224(acres.)-242(It)-224(was)-224(constructed)-224(of)-224(kiln-dried)-224(bricks)-224(in)-224(seven)-224(stages)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(to)-408(correspond)-408(with)-409(the)-408(planets)-408(to)-408(which)-408(they)-408(were)-408(dedicated:)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(the)-321(lowermost)-322(black,)-339(the)-321(colour)-321(of)-322(Saturn;)-357(the)-321(next)-321(orange,)-339(for)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(Jupiter;)-324(the)-299(third)-300(red,)-311(for)-300(Mars;)-324(and)-299(so)-299(on.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 187.38 3.959 Td [(14)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 12.81 -3.959 Td [(These)-299(stages)-300(were)]TJ -200.19 -13.549 Td [(surmounted)-203(by)-204(a)-203(lofty)-203(tower)-204(on)-203(the)-203(summit)-204(of)-203(which,)-213(we)-203(are)-203(told,)]TJ 0 -13.55 Td [(were)-228(the)-227(signs)-228(of)-228(the)-228(Zodiac)-227(and)-228(other)-228(astronomical)-227(figures;)-235(thus)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(having)-228(\050as)-229(it)-228(should)-228(have)-229(been)-228(translated\051)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 182.252 0 Td [(a)-228(representation)-229(of)-228(the)]TJ -182.252 -13.549 Td [(heavens)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 35.139 0 Td [(,)-250(instead)-250(of)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 50.901 0 Td [(\030)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 3.633 0 Td [(a)-250(top)-250(which)-250(reached)-250(unto)-250(heaven.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 146.018 0 Td [(\031)-167(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -223.735 -15.58 Td [(This)-419(Biblical)-419(evidence)-419(carries)-418(us)-419(at)-419(once)-419(right)-419(back)-419(to)-418(the)]TJ -11.956 -13.549 Td [(Flood,)-250(or)-250(about)-250(2,500)-250(years)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 122.717 0 Td [(B)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.316 0 Td [(.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 2.727 0 Td [(C)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.316 0 Td [(.)]TJ -124.12 -15.581 Td [(This)-400(tower)-400(or)-401(temple,)-437(or)-401(both,)-438(was)-400(also)-400(called)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 217.661 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(The)-400(Seven)]TJ -234.46 -13.549 Td [(Spheres)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 34.539 0 Td [(,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 2.727 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.108 0 Td [(according)-207(to)-208(some;)-222(and)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 102.526 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 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[(fallen)-250(into)-250(ruins.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 71.815 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -59.86 -14.776 Td [(The)-371(word)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 47.466 0 Td [(Zodiac)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 34.347 0 Td [(itself)-371(is)-370(from)-371(the)-370(Greek)]TJ/F32 10.9091 Tf 110.493 0 Td [(\226\311\264\271\261\272)]TJ/F31 10.9091 Tf 33.054 0 Td [(y)]TJ/F32 10.9091 Tf 5.433 0 Td [(\302)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.451 0 Td [(,)-371(which)]TJ -247.199 -13.55 Td [(is)-339(not)-339(from)]TJ/F32 10.9091 Tf 53.518 0 Td [(\226)]TJ/F31 10.9091 Tf 5.695 0 Td [(q)]TJ/F32 10.9091 Tf 5.727 0 Td [(\311)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.636 0 Td [(,)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 6.425 0 Td [(to)-339(live)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 27.937 0 Td [(,)-361(but)-339(from)-339(a)-339(primitive)-339(root)-339(through)-339(the)]TJ -106.938 -13.549 Td [(Hebrew)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 37.309 0 Td [(Sodi)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 19.396 0 Td [(,)-256(which)-255(in)-255(Sanscrit)-255(means)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 114.817 0 Td [(a)-255(way)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 25.81 0 Td 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[(monthly)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 30.827 0 Td [(difference,)-223(there)-216(is)-216(an)]TJ/F19 8.9664 Tf 78.76 0 Td [(annual)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 26.846 0 Td [(difference;)-227(for)-216(at)-216(the)-216(end)]TJ -193.114 -10.959 Td [(of)-272(twelve)-272(months)-272(the)-272(sun)-272(does)-272(not)-272(come)-272(back)-271(to)-272(exactly)-272(the)-272(same)-272(point)-272(in)-272(the)]TJ 0 -10.959 Td [(sign)-314(which)-313(commenced)-313(the)-314(year,)-329(but)-314(is)-313(a)-314(little)-313(behind)-314(it.)-440(But)-314(this)-313(difference,)]TJ 0 -10.959 Td [(though)-220(it)-220(occurs)-220(every)-220(year,)-225(is)-220(so)-220(small)-220(that)-220(it)-220(will)-220(take)-220(25,579)-219(years)-220(for)-220(the)-220(sun)]TJ 0 -10.959 Td [(to)-309(complete)-308(this)-309(vast)-308(cycle,)-324(which)-308(is)-309(called)]TJ/F19 8.9664 Tf 159.983 0 Td [(The)-309(precession)-308(of)-309(the)-309(Equinoxes)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 118.154 0 Td [(;)]TJ/F19 8.9664 Tf -278.137 -10.959 Td [(i.e.)]TJ/F16 8.9664 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[(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.487 0 Td [(\050)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 3.633 0 Td [(R)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.316 0 Td [(.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 2.728 0 Td [(V)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.754 0 Td [(.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf -277.903 -13.55 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(with)-243(the)-242(ensigns)-243(of)-242(their)-243(fathers')-243(houses)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 171.76 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(\051.)-248(This)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 31.104 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(Standard)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 38.781 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.491 0 Td [(was)]TJ -263.667 -13.549 Td [(the)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 16.911 0 Td [(Degel)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 29.63 0 Td [(\050)]TJ -ET -q -1 0 0 1 96.945 450.429 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 107.854 450.429 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 118.763 450.429 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 129.672 450.429 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 140.581 450.429 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 151.49 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9.8629 Tf 13.278 0 Td [(,)-250(The)-250(Scales)-250(\050)]TJ/F19 9.8629 Tf 53.684 0 Td [(Libra)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 21.926 0 Td [(\051.)]TJ -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -ET -endstream -endobj -126 0 obj << -/Length 4987 ->> -stream -0 g 0 G -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 93.543 548.934 Td [(22)-14892(The)-250(Witness)-250(of)-250(the)-250(Stars)]TJ -0 g 0 G - 11.956 -30.759 Td [(If)-308(the)-308(reader)-308(compares)-308(the)-308(above)-308(with)-308(the)-308(blessings)-308(of)-307(Israel)]TJ -11.956 -13.549 Td [(and)-321(Moses,)-340(and)-321(compares)-322(the)-321(meanings)-322(and)-321(descriptions)-321(given)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(below)-261(with)-262(those)-261(blessings,)-264(the)-523(connection)-261(will)-262(be)-261(clearly)-261(seen.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf -72.755 0 Td [([019])]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 72.755 -13.549 Td [(Levi,)-300(for)-290(example,)-300(had)-291(no)-290(standard,)-300(and)-290(he)-290(needed)-290(none,)-300(for)-290(he)]TJ 0 -13.55 Td [(kept)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 22.184 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(the)-311(balance)-312(of)-311(the)-312(Sanctuary,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 129.01 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 8.242 0 Td [(and)-311(had)-312(the)-311(charge)-312(of)-311(that)]TJ -164.28 -13.549 Td [(brazen)-265(altar)-264(on)-265(which)-264(the)-265(atoning)-265(blood)-264(outweighed)-265(the)-264(nation's)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(sins.)]TJ 11.956 -14.367 Td [(The)-300(four)-300(great)-300(signs)-300(which)-300(thus)-300(marked)-300(the)-300(four)-300(sides)-300(of)-300(t)1(he)]TJ -11.956 -13.55 Td [(camp,)-441(and)-403(the)-403(four)-403(quarters)-403(of)-403(the)-403(Zodiac,)-441(are)-403(the)-403(same)-403(four)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(which)-458(form)-458(the)-457(Cherubim)-458(\050the)-458(Eagle,)-510(the)-458(Scorpion's)-457(enemy,)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(being)-316(substituted)-316(for)-316(the)-316(Scorpion\051.)-448(The)-316(Cherubim)-316(thus)-316(form)-316(a)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(compendious)-362(expression)-362(of)-361(the)-362(hope)-362(of)-362(Creation,)-390(which,)-389(from)]TJ 0 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-13.549 Td [(Isa.)-250(vii.)-250(14)-250(\050quoted)-250(in)-250(Matt.)-250(i.)-250(23.\051)]TJ/F18 9.8629 Tf 19.637 -23.023 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 4.379 0 Td [(Behold,)-250(a)-250(virgin)-250(shall)-250(conceive)-250(and)-250(bear)-250(a)-250(son,)]TJ -4.379 -12.822 Td [(And)-250(shall)-250(call)-250(his)-250(name)-250(Immanuel.)]TJ/F18 9.8629 Tf 137.519 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -145.2 -28.668 Td [(The)-264(other)-265(is)-264(connected)-264(with)-265(His)-264(second)-264(coming,)-268(leaping)-264(over)]TJ -11.956 -13.549 Td [(the)-467(sufferings)-467(and)-467(this)-467(present)-467(interval)-467(of)-466(His)-467(rejection,)-521(and)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(looking)-252(forward)-252(to)-252(His)-252(coming)-252(in)-252(glory)-252(and)-253(judgment,)-252(Isa.)-256(ix.)-256(6,)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(7)-250(\050quoted)-250(in)-250(Luke)-250(ii.)-250(11)-250(and)-250(i.)-250(32,)-250(33\051)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 163.626 0 Td [(\024)]TJ/F18 9.8629 Tf -143.989 -23.023 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 4.379 0 Td [(For)-250(unto)-250(us)-250(a)-250(child)-250(is)-250(born,)]TJ -4.379 -12.822 Td [(Unto)-250(us)-250(a)-250(son)-250(is)-250(given;)]TJ/F16 6.904 Tf 90.137 3.615 Td [(20)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf -90.137 -16.437 Td [(And)-250(the)-250(government)-250(shall)-250(be)-250(upon)-250(His)-250(shoulder;)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(And)-250(His)-250(name)-250(shall)-250(be)-250(called)-250(Wonderful,)-250(Counsellor,)]TJ -0 g 0 G -ET -q -1 0 0 1 46.771 98.681 cm -[]0 d 0 J 0.398 w 0 0 m 112.25 0 l S -Q -BT -/F16 5.9776 Tf 50.009 91.869 Td [(20)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 8.718 -3.809 Td [(Here,)-441(the)-403(fact)-403(of)-403(His)-403(humiliation,)-441(together)-403(with)-403(this)-403(long)-403(period)-403(of)-403(His)]TJ -11.956 -10.959 Td [(rejection,)-312(is)-299(leaped)-300(over,)-311(and)-300(the)-299(prophecy)-300(passes)-299(on)-299(at)-300(once)]TJ/F18 8.9664 Tf 220.787 0 Td [(\024)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 8.966 0 Td [(over)-299(at)-300(least)-299(a)]TJ -229.753 -10.959 Td [(period)-250(of)-250(1893)-250(years)]TJ/F18 8.9664 Tf 73.955 0 Td [(\024)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 8.966 0 Td [(to)-250(this)]TJ/F18 8.9664 Tf 24.416 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 3.981 0 Td [(glory)-250(which)-250(should)-250(follow.)]TJ/F18 8.9664 Tf 97.133 0 Td [(\035)]TJ -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -ET -endstream -endobj -182 0 obj << -/Length 4694 ->> -stream -0 g 0 G -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 93.543 548.934 Td [(32)-14892(The)-250(Witness)-250(of)-250(the)-250(Stars)]TJ -0 g 0 G -/F16 9.8629 Tf 19.637 -30.759 Td [(The)-256(Mighty)-256(God,)-258(The)-256(Everlasting)-257(Father,)-257(The)-257(Prince)-256(of)]TJ 53.26 -12.822 Td [(Peace.)]TJ -53.26 -12.822 Td [(Of)-250(the)-250(increase)-250(of)-250(His)-250(government)-250(there)-250(shall)-250(be)-250(no)-250(end.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf -92.392 0 Td [([031])]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 92.392 -12.821 Td [(Upon)-250(the)-250(throne)-250(of)-250(David,)-250(and)-250(upon)-250(His)-250(kingdom,)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(To)-250(order)-250(it,)-250(and)-250(to)-250(establish)-250(it)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(With)-250(judgment)-250(and)-250(with)-250(justice)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(From)-250(henceforth)-250(even)-250(for)-250(ever.)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(The)-250(zeal)-250(of)-250(the)-250(LORD)-250(of)-250(hosts)-250(will)-250(perform)-250(this.)]TJ/F18 9.8629 Tf 192.85 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -200.531 -42.256 Td [(It)-206(is)-205(difficult)-206(to)-205(separate)-206(the)-205(Virgin)-206(and)-205(her)-206(Seed)-205(in)-206(the)-205(prophe-)]TJ -11.956 -13.55 Td [(cy,)-332(and)-315(so,)-332(here,)-332(we)-315(have)-315(first)-316(the)-315(sign)-316(V)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 184.491 0 Td [(IRGO)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 19.479 0 Td [(,)-315(where)-316(the)-315(name)]TJ -203.97 -13.549 Td [(points)-335(to)-335(her)-334(as)-335(the)-335(prominent)-335(subject;)-377(while)-334(in)-335(the)-335(first)-335(of)-334(the)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td 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[(Who)-250(carries)-250(in)-250(her)-250(hand)-250(a)-250(glittering)-250(spike....)]TJ 0 -12.821 Td [(Over)-250(her)-250(shoulder)-250(there)-250(revolves)-250(a)-250(star)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(In)-250(the)-250(right)-250(wing,)-250(superlatively)-250(bright;)]TJ/F16 6.904 Tf 150.676 3.615 Td [(21)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf -150.676 -16.437 Td [(It)-250(rolls)-250(beneath)-250(the)-250(tail,)-250(and)-250(may)-250(compare)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(With)-250(the)-250(bright)-250(stars)-250(that)-250(deck)-250(the)-250(Greater)-250(Bear.)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(Upon)-250(her)-250(shoulder)-250(one)-250(bright)-250(star)-250(is)-250(borne,)]TJ/F16 6.904 Tf 169.287 3.616 Td [(22)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf -169.287 -16.438 Td [(One)-250(clasps)-250(the)-250(circling)-250(girdle)-250(of)-250(her)-250(loins,)]TJ/F16 6.904 Tf 165.451 3.616 Td [(23)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf -165.451 -16.437 Td [(One)-250(at)-250(her)-250(bending)-250(knee;)]TJ/F16 6.904 Tf 99.152 3.615 Td [(24)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 9.868 -3.615 Td 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[(.)]TJ/F16 5.9776 Tf -43.668 -7.394 Td [(25)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 8.718 -3.809 Td [(The)-250(star)]TJ/F32 8.9664 Tf 31.373 0 Td [(\261)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 4.707 0 Td [(,)]TJ/F19 8.9664 Tf 4.483 0 Td [(Al)-250(Zimach)]TJ/F16 8.9664 Tf 37.112 0 Td [(.)]TJ -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -ET -endstream -endobj -186 0 obj << -/Length 6692 ->> -stream -0 g 0 G -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 46.771 548.934 Td [(Chapter)-250(I.)-250(The)-250(Sign)-250(VIRGO.)-13170(33)]TJ -0 g 0 G - 11.956 -30.759 Td [(Thus)-380(the)-381(brightest)-380(star)-380(in)-381(Virgo)-380(\050)]TJ/F32 10.9091 Tf 151.548 0 Td [(\261)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.727 0 Td [(\051)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 3.633 3.959 Td [(26)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 12.617 -3.959 Td [(has)-380(an)-381(ancient)-380(name,)]TJ -185.481 -13.549 Td [(handed)-379(down)-379(to)-379(us)-379(in)-379(all)-379(the)-379(star-maps,)-411(in)-379(which)-379(the)-378(Hebrew)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(word)-253(\050)]TJ -ET -q -1 0 0 1 75.582 491.077 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 86.491 491.077 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 97.4 491.077 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 108.309 491.077 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -q -1 0 0 1 119.218 491.077 cm -0 0 10.909 10.909 re f -Q -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 130.127 491.077 Td [(\051)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 6.392 0 Td [(Tsemech)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 40.931 0 Td [(is)-253(preserved.)-259(It)-253(is)-506(called)-253(in)-253(Arabic)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 160.345 0 Td [([032])]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf -291.024 -13.549 Td [(Al)-193(Zimach)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 44.534 0 Td [(,)-205(which)-193(means)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 63.71 0 Td [(the)-193(branch)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 46.345 0 Td [(.)-231(This)-193(star)-194(is)-193(in)-193(the)-193(ear)-194(of)-193(corn)]TJ -154.589 -13.55 Td [(which)-332(she)-332(holds)-332(in)-332(her)-331(left)-332(hand.)-496(Hence)-332(the)-332(star)-332(has)-332(a)-331(modern)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(Latin)-225(name,)-230(which)-225(has)-225(almost)-225(superseded)-225(the)-225(ancient)-225(one,)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 253.663 0 Td [(Spica)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 24.24 0 Td [(,)]TJ -277.903 -13.549 Td [(which)-433(means,)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 67.201 0 Td [(an)-433(ear)-432(of)-433(corn)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 68.094 0 Td [(.)-798(But)-433(this)-432(hides)-433(the)-433(great)-432(truth)]TJ -135.295 -13.549 Td [(revealed)-306(by)-306(its)-306(name)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 95.147 0 Td [(Al)-306(Zimach)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 45.764 0 Td [(.)-418(It)-306(foretold)-306(the)-306(coming)-306(of)-306(Him)]TJ -140.911 -13.549 Td [(who)-273(should)-273(bear)-273(this)-273(name.)-319(The)-273(same)-274(Divine)-273(inspiration)-273(has,)-278(in)]TJ 0 -13.55 Td [(the)-319(written)-318(Word,)-336(four)-319(times)-318(connected)-319(it)-318(with)-319(Him.)-456(There)-318(are)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(twenty)-239(Hebrew)-238(words)-239(translated)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 143.705 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(Branch,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 34.233 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.445 0 Td [(but)-238(only)-239(one)-238(of)-239(them)]TJ -190.227 -13.549 Td [(\050)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 3.633 0 Td [(Tsemech)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 38.171 0 Td [(\051)-214(is)-213(used)-214(exclusively)-214(of)-214(the)-213(Messiah,)-221(and)-214(this)-214(word)-213(only)]TJ -41.804 -13.549 Td [(four)-220(times.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 46.944 3.959 Td [(27)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 8.468 -3.959 Td [(Each)-220(of)-220(these)-220(further)-220(connects)-221(Him)-220(with)-220(one)-220(special)]TJ -55.412 -13.549 Td [(account)-250(of)-250(Him,)-250(given)-250(in)-250(the)-250(Gospels.)]TJ 11.956 -13.92 Td [(\0501.\051)-250(Jer.)-250(xxiii.)-250(5,)-250(6)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 78.174 0 Td [(\024)]TJ/F18 9.8629 Tf -70.493 -24.122 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 4.379 0 Td [(Behold,)-250(the)-250(days)-250(come,)-250(saith)-250(the)-250(LORD,)]TJ -4.379 -12.822 Td [(That)-250(I)-250(will)-250(raise)-250(unto)-250(David)-250(a)-250(righteous)-250(BRANCH)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(\050)]TJ/F19 9.8629 Tf 3.284 0 Td [(i.e.)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 12.053 0 Td [(,)-250(a)-250(Son\051,)]TJ -15.337 -12.821 Td [(And)-250(a)-250(KING)-250(shall)-250(reign)-250(and)-250(prosper.)]TJ/F18 9.8629 Tf 145.991 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -153.672 -31.14 Td [(The)-325(account)-325(of)-325(His)-325(coming)-325(as)-325(King)-325(is)-325(written)-325(in)-325(the)-325(Gospel)]TJ -11.956 -13.55 Td [(according)-209(to)-209(Matthew,)-217(where)-209(Jehovah)-209(says)-209(to)-208(Israel,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 228.05 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(Behold)-209(thy)]TJ -232.893 -13.549 Td [(KING.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 29.989 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.571 0 Td [(\050Zech.)-250(ix.)-250(9;)-250(Matt.)-250(xxi.)-250(9.\051)]TJ -25.604 -13.919 Td [(\0502.\051)-882(Zech.)-881(iii.)-882(8.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 88.839 0 Td [(\024\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 15.753 0 Td [(Behold)-461(I)-460(will)-460(bring)-461(forth)-460(my)-461(SER-)]TJ -116.548 -13.55 Td [(VANT)-231(the)-232(BRANCH.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 96.856 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.367 0 Td 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CYGNUS (The Swan).) -% 586 0 obj -<< -/Type /Page -/Contents 587 0 R -/Resources 585 0 R -/MediaBox [0 0 419.528 595.276] -/Parent 566 0 R ->> -% 588 0 obj -<< -/D [586 0 R /XYZ 93.543 518.175 null] ->> -% 581 0 obj -<< -/D [586 0 R /XYZ 93.543 500.904 null] ->> -% 585 0 obj -<< -/Font << /F16 7 0 R /F19 16 0 R /F18 15 0 R >> -/XObject << /Im22 584 0 R >> -/ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] ->> -% 590 0 obj -<< /S /GoTo /D (index28) >> -% 593 0 obj -(Chapter III. 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10.9091 Tf 94.683 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 9.139 0 Td [(\050Dan.)-681(viii.)-682(23,)-429(25\051)-394(against)]TJ -155.885 -13.549 Td [(whom,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 32.771 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(when)-253(transgressors)-253(are)-253(come)-254(to)-253(the)-253(full,)-254(a)-253(king)-253(of)-253(fierce)]TJ -37.614 -13.549 Td [(countenance)-287(...)-363(shall)-288(stand)-287(up,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 133.343 0 Td [(\035)-288(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 12.824 0 Td [(but)-288(he)-287(shall)-288(be)-287(broken)-288(without)]TJ -146.168 -13.55 Td [(hand,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 23.935 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 9.729 0 Td [(for)-448(he)-448(shall)-448(be)-447(destroyed)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 120.766 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(with)-448(the)-448(brightness)-447(of)-448(His)]TJ -159.274 -13.549 Td [(coming)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 32.728 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.691 0 Td [(\0502)-261(Thess.)-283(ii.)-284(8\051.)-283(This)-261(is)-261(He)-261(who)-261(shall)-261(come)-261(forth)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 213.549 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(King)]TJ -258.812 -13.549 Td [(of)-250(kings)-250(and)-250(Lord)-250(of)-250(Lords)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 117.862 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.571 0 Td [(\050Rev.)-250(xix.)-250(16\051.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 165.591 0 Td [([145])]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -279.068 -13.691 Td [(But)-250(Sirius)-250(has)-250(a)-250(companion,)-250(and)-250(this)-250(brings)-250(us)-250(to)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 213.337 0 Td [(\024)]TJ/F16 13.1507 Tf -225.293 -47.824 Td [(3.)-250(CANIS)-250(MINOR)-250(\050The)-250(Second)-250(Dog\051.)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 65.771 -27.348 Td [(The)-270(Exalted)-270(Redeemer)-269(\050Procyon\051.)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -53.815 -13.691 Td [(The)-342(same)-343(facts)-342(are)-343(to)-342(be)-342(remembered)-343(concerning)-342(the)-342(Greek)]TJ -11.956 -13.549 Td 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[(It)-295(does)-295(not)-295(agree)-295(with)-295(the)-295(names)-295(either)-295(of)-295(its)-295(three)-295(constella-)]TJ -11.956 -13.549 Td [(tions)-250(which)-250(have)-250(come)-250(down)-250(to)-250(us,)-250(or)-250(of)-250(its)-250(stars.)]TJ 11.956 -18.627 Td [(In)-657(the)-657(ancient)-657(Denderah)-657(Zodiac)-657(it)-657(is)-657(represented)-657(as)-656(a)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf -11.956 -13.549 Td [(Scarab\346us)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 47.88 0 Td [(,)-526(or)-470(sacred)-471(beetle.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 84.456 3.959 Td [(69)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 18.414 -3.959 Td [(In)-471(the)-470(Zodiac)-471(of)-470(Esneh)-471(and)]TJ -150.75 -13.549 Td [(in)-250(a)-250(Hindu)-250(Zodiac)-250(\050400)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 104.531 0 Td [(B)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.316 0 Td [(.)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 2.727 0 Td [(C)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 5.317 0 Td [(.\051)-250(it)-250(is)-250(the)-250(same.)]TJ -0 g 0 G -ET -q -1 0 0 1 46.771 98.681 cm -[]0 d 0 J 0.398 w 0 0 m 112.25 0 l S -Q -BT -/F16 5.9776 Tf 50.009 91.869 Td 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10.9091 Tf 86.94 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(Worthy)-178(is)-178(the)-178(Lamb)-179(that)-178(was)-178(slain)-178(to)-178(receive)]TJ -88.429 -13.549 Td [(power,)-322(and)-307(riches,)-322(and)-307(wisdom,)-322(and)-307(strength,)-322(and)-307(honour,)-322(and)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf -76.109 0 Td [([171])]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 72.755 -13.55 Td [(glory,)-250(and)-250(blessing)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 82.724 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.571 0 Td [(\050Rev.)-250(v.)-250(12\051.)]TJ/F18 9.8629 Tf -70.658 -22.64 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 4.379 0 Td [(O)-250(what)-250(a)-250(bright)-250(and)-250(blessed)-250(world)]TJ 4.497 -12.821 Td [(This)-250(groaning)-250(earth)-250(of)-250(ours)-250(will)-250(be,)]TJ -8.876 -12.822 Td [(When)-250(from)-250(its)-250(throne)-250(the)-250(tempter)-250(hurled,)]TJ 8.876 -12.822 Td [(Shall)-250(leave)-250(it)-250(all,)-250(O)-250(Lord,)-250(to)-250(Thee!)]TJ -8.876 -21.698 Td [(But)-250(brighter)-250(far)-250(that)-250(world)-250(above,)]TJ 8.876 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[(\035)]TJ -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -ET -endstream -endobj -1089 0 obj << -/Length 5927 ->> -stream -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -BT -/F16 18.9589 Tf 93.543 479.321 Td [(Summary.)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 0 -33.188 Td [(Man)-375(has)-376(ever)-375(sought)-375(to)-376(rob)-375(Christ)-375(of)-376(His)-375(glory.)-626(He)-375(has)-375(long)]TJ 0 -13.55 Td [(since)-232(done)-232(his)-232(best)-232(to)-232(obliterate)-232(His)-232(name)-232(and)-232(His)-232(work)-232(from)-231(the)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(Revelation)-224(which)-223(had)-224(been)-224(written)-224(in)-223(the)-224(stars)-224(of)-223(light.)-242(When)-223(He)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(humbled)-222(Himself,)-228(and)-222(came)-223(as)-222(the)-222(promised)-223(Seed)-222(of)-222(the)-222(woman,)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(men)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 22.069 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(saw)-301(no)-301(beauty)-301(in)-301(Him)-301(that)-301(they)-301(should)-301(desire)-300(Him.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 226.805 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 8.127 0 Td [(And)]TJ -261.845 -13.549 Td [(these)-255(were)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 49.177 0 Td [(religious)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 41.574 0 Td [(men.)-265(It)-255(was)-255(religious)-255(men,)-256(not)-255(the)-255(common)]TJ -90.751 -13.55 Td [(rabble,)-259(whom)-257(the)-257(Old)-258(Serpent)-257(made)-257(use)-257(of)-258(to)-257(wound)-257(Him)-257(in)-257(the)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(heel.)-313(The)-270(Devil)-271(could)-271(not)-271(touch)-271(Him)-271(himself;)-281(he)-271(must)-271(use)-270(them)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(as)-315(his)-316(instruments;)-348(and)-315(it)-316(was)-315(only)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 158.386 0 Td [(religious)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 42.234 0 Td [(men)-315(that)-316(could)-315(be)]TJ -200.62 -13.549 Td [(so)-250(used.)]TJ 11.956 -13.703 Td [(It)-197(was)-196(the)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 43.394 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(chief)-197(priests)-196(and)-197(scribes,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 105.499 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 6.989 0 Td [(men)-197(learned)-196(in)-197(the)-196(Scrip-)]TJ -172.681 -13.549 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[(.\051,)-282(wrote)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 40.006 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(ipse)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 17.574 0 Td [(,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 2.728 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.848 0 Td [(H)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 7.876 0 Td [(E)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.87 0 Td [(,)-275(in)-276(Gen.)-326(iii.)]TJ -227.119 -13.549 Td [(15,)-229(as)-223(the)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 43.416 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(bruiser)-223(of)-223(the)-223(serpent's)-223(head.)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 123.485 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.278 0 Td [(And,)-228(in)-224(spite)-223(of)-223(the)-223(fact)]TJ -179.023 -13.549 Td [(that)-238(J)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 23.207 0 Td [(EROME)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 30.494 0 Td [(himself)-238(so)-239(quotes)-238(it)-238(in)-238(his)-239(commentary,)-240(and)-238(that)-239(it)-238(is)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf -53.701 -13.549 Td [(masculine)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 46.691 0 Td [(in)-225(all)-225(the)-225(other)-225(ancient)-225(translations)-225(of)-225(the)-224(Bible,)-230(Rome)]TJ -46.691 -13.55 Td [(has)-386(first)-386(corrupted)-386(J)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 90.798 0 Td [(EROME)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 27.895 0 Td [(')]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 1.964 0 Td [(S)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 8.641 0 Td [(Vulgate)-386(by)-386(changing)-386(the)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 115.615 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(e)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 9.055 0 Td [(into)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf -263.656 -13.549 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(a,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 7.571 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.466 0 Td [(and)-240(putting)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 51.914 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(ipsa)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 18.186 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.466 0 Td [(\050she\051)-240(instead)-241(of)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 69.667 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(ipse)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 17.575 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.466 0 Td [(\050He\051;)-244(then)-240(she)-240(has)]TJ -201.841 -13.549 Td [(so)-348(translated)-348(this)-348(corruption)-348(and)-348(perpetuated)-348(this)-348(perversion)-347(in)]TJ -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -ET -endstream -endobj -1093 0 obj << -/Length 5322 ->> -stream -0 g 0 G -BT -/F16 10.9091 Tf 46.771 548.934 Td [(Summary.)-20085(181)]TJ -0 g 0 G - 0 -30.759 Td [(various)-234(languages!)-245(So)-234(that)-234(in)-234(all)-235(her)-234(versions,)-237(in)-234(her)-234(pictures)-234(and)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(statues,)-347(in)-327(the)-327(decree)-327(of)-328(Pope)-327(Pius)-327(IX.,)-347(which)-327(promulgated)-327(the)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(dogma)-288(of)-287(the)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 61.526 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(immaculate)-288(conception)-287(of)-288(the)-287(Virgin)-288(Mary)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 187.789 0 Td [(,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 2.727 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.982 0 Td [(this)]TJ -264.867 -13.549 Td [(lie)-217(of)-218(the)-217(Old)-217(Serpent)-217(has)-217(been)-218(foisted)-217(on)-217(unnumbered)-217(thousands)]TJ 0 -13.55 Td [(of)-329(deluded)-329(souls,)-348(who)-329(have)-328(thereby)-329(been)-329(deceived)-329(into)-328(putting)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(Mary)-351(in)-352(the)-351(place)-351(of)-351(Jesus;)-402(the)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 144.323 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(co-Redemptress)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 70.287 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 8.676 0 Td [(in)-351(the)-352(place)]TJ -228.13 -13.549 Td [(of)-373(the)-374(Redeemer;)-435(the)-374(creature)-373(in)-373(the)-374(place)-373(of)-374(the)-373(Creator;)-435(the)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(woman)-271(in)-272(the)-271(place)-271(of)-272(the)-271(woman's)-271(Seed;)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 182.656 0 Td [(\024)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 10.909 0 Td [(until)-271(the)-272(outcome)-271(is)]TJ -193.565 -13.549 Td [(reached)-255(by)-255(emblazoning,)-256(in)-255(huge)-255(gilt)-510(letters,)-256(on)-255(the)-255(outside)-255(of)-254(a)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf 291.024 0 Td [([173])]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -291.024 -13.55 Td [(large)-310(church)-311(in)-310(Rathmines,)-326(Dublin,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 159.667 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.843 0 Td [(MARI\306)-310(PECCATORUM)]TJ -164.51 -13.549 Td [(REFUGIUM,)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 59.695 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.571 0 Td [(to)-250(Mary)-250(the)-250(Refuge)-250(of)-250(Sinners!)]TJ -55.31 -14.531 Td [(So)-320(complete)-320(has)-320(been)-321(the)-320(success)-320(of)-320(the)-320(subtlety)-320(of)-320(the)-320(Ser-)]TJ -11.956 -13.549 Td [(pent,)-403(that)-372(he)-372(has)-373(beguiled)-372(thousands)-372(of)-373(Protestants)-372(to)-372(unite)-372(in)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(circulating)-371(these)]TJ/F19 10.9091 Tf 77.162 0 Td [(corrupted)-371(versions)-370(as)-371(the)-370(Word)-371(of)-371(God)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 178.184 0 Td [(,)-401(thus)]TJ -255.346 -13.549 Td [(giving)-359(currency)-358(to)-359(the)-358(Devil's)-359(lie.)-575(This)-359(is)-358(done)-359(on)-358(the)-359(plea)-358(of)]TJ 0 -13.55 Td [(expediency,)-438(in)-401(order)-401(that)-401(these)-400(versions)-401(might)-401(come)-401(to)-400(many)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(as)-335(Protestant)-335(truth)-335(instead)-335(of)-336(Popish)-335(error;)-377(but)-335(thus)-335(misleading)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(those)-371(who)-370(were)-371(seeking)-370(for)-371(light,)-401(while)-370(confirming)-371(Papists)-370(in)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(their)-250(darkness.)]TJ 11.956 -14.531 Td [(But)-234(through)-234(all)-235(the)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 84.162 0 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 4.844 0 Td [(wisdom)-234(of)-234(the)-235(Serpent)]TJ/F18 10.9091 Tf 97.96 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf 7.399 0 Td [(we)-234(can)-234(detect)-235(his)]TJ -206.321 -13.55 Td [(lie.)-234(It)-200(is)-201(very)-200(thinly)-201(veiled,)-211(and)-200(the)-201(Old)-201(Serpent)-200(has)-201(not)-200(succeeded)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td [(in)-312(blinding)-313(the)-312(eyes)-312(which)-313(the)-312(Spirit)-312(of)-313(God)-312(has)-312(opened.)-437(True,)]TJ 0 -13.549 Td 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[(And)-250(overpaid)-250(its)-250(value)-250(with)-250(Thy)-250(blood.)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(Thy)-250(saints)-250(proclaim)-250(Thee)-250(king;)-250(and)-250(in)-250(their)-250(hearts)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(Thy)-250(title)-250(is)-250(engraven)-250(with)-250(a)-250(pen)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(Dipp'd)-250(in)-250(the)-250(fountain)-250(of)-250(eternal)-250(love.)]TJ 0 -12.821 Td [(Thy)-250(saints)-250(proclaim)-250(Thee)-250(king;)-250(and)-250(Thy)-250(delay)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(Gives)-250(courage)-250(to)-250(their)-250(foes,)-250(who,)-250(could)-250(they)-250(see)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(The)-250(dawn)-250(of)-250(Thy)-250(last)-250(advent,)-250(long)-250(desired,)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(Would)-250(creep)-250(into)-250(the)-250(bowels)-250(of)-250(the)-250(hills,)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(And)-250(flee)-250(for)-250(safety)-250(to)-250(the)-250(falling)-250(rocks.)]TJ/F18 9.8629 Tf 153.388 0 Td [(\035)]TJ -153.388 -21.698 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 4.379 0 Td [(Come,)-250(then,)-250(and,)-250(added)-250(to)-250(Thy)-250(many)-250(crowns,)]TJ -4.379 -12.822 Td [(Receive)-250(yet)-250(one,)-250(as)-250(radiant)-250(as)-250(the)-250(rest,)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(Due)-250(to)-250(Thy)-250(last)-250(and)-250(most)-250(effectual)-250(work,)]TJ 0 -12.822 Td [(Thy)-250(Word)-250(fulfilled,)-250(the)-250(conquest)-250(of)-250(a)-250(world.)]TJ/F18 9.8629 Tf 175.037 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf -160.616 -17.26 Td [(\050)]TJ/F19 9.8629 Tf 3.284 0 Td [(Cowper.)]TJ/F16 9.8629 Tf 33.702 0 Td [(\051)]TJ/F16 7.9701 Tf -143.799 -29.314 Td [([177])]TJ -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -ET -endstream -endobj -1115 0 obj << -/Length 8180 ->> -stream -0 g 0 G -0 g 0 G -BT -/F18 18.9589 Tf 46.771 516.318 Td [(\034)]TJ/F16 18.9589 Tf 8.418 0 Td [(For)-250(Signs)-250(And)-250(For)-250(Seasons.)]TJ/F18 18.9589 Tf 212.244 0 Td [(\035)]TJ/F16 10.9091 Tf -220.662 -35.428 Td 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- <div rend="page-break-before: always">
- <p rend="font-size: xx-large; text-align: center">The Witness of the Stars</p>
- <p rend="text-align: center">By The</p>
- <p rend="font-size: xx-large; text-align: center">Rev. Ethelbert William Bullinger, D.D.</p>
- <p rend="text-align: center"><q><hi rend='italic'>HE telleth the number of the
-stars;<lb/>He giveth them all their names.</hi></q> (Ps. cxlvii. 4.
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)</p>
- <p rend="text-align: center">Published by the Author</p>
- <p rend="text-align: center">London</p>
- <p rend="text-align: center">1893</p>
- </div>
- <div rend="page-break-before: always">
- <head>Contents</head>
- <divGen type="toc" />
- </div>
-
- </front>
-<body>
-
-<div>
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/cover.jpg' rend='width: 80%'>
- <figDesc>Cover Art</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<p>
-[Transcribers Note: This e-book contains countless special symbols, and characters
-from uncommon character sets. If you see unrenderable characters, you may need to
-change to a font that has the needed Unicode blocks. It uses these uncommon character
-sets: Greek (Unicode U+0370 through U+03FF), Greek Extended (U+1F00 through U+1FFF),
-Hebrew (U+0590 through U+05FF), and Miscellaneous Symbols (U+2600 through U+26FF).
-Hebrew pointings and Greek markings are as provided in the original book, and some differ
-from the usual pointings and markings for those words.]
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<pb n='iii'/><anchor id='Pgiii'/>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Preface.</head>
-
-<p>
-Some years ago it was my privilege to enjoy the acquaintance
-of Miss Frances Rolleston, of Keswick, and
-to carry on a correspondence with her with respect to
-her work, <hi rend='italic'>Mazzaroth: or, the Constellations</hi>. She was
-the first to create an interest in this important subject.
-Since then Dr. Seiss, of Philadelphia, has endeavoured
-to popularize her work on the other side of the Atlantic;
-and brief references have been made to the
-subject in such books as <hi rend='italic'>Moses and Geology</hi>, by Dr.
-Kinns, and in <hi rend='italic'>Primeval Man</hi>; but it was felt, for many
-reasons, that it was desirable to make another effort
-to set forth, in a more complete form, the <hi rend='italic'>witness of the
-stars to prophetic truth</hi>, so necessary in these last days.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To the late Miss Rolleston, however, belongs the
-honour of collecting a mass of information bearing on
-this subject; but, published as it was, chiefly in the
-form of <emph>notes</emph>, unarranged and unindexed, it was suited
-only for, but was most valuable to, the student. She
-it was who performed the drudgery of collecting the
-facts presented by Albumazer, the Arab astronomer
-to the Caliphs of Grenada, 850 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>; and the Tables
-drawn up by Ulugh Beigh, the Tartar prince and
-<pb n='iv'/><anchor id='Pgiv'/>
-astronomer, about 1450 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>, who gives the Arabian
-Astronomy as it had come down from the earliest
-times.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Modern astronomers have preserved, and still have
-in common use, the ancient names of over a hundred
-of the principal stars which have been handed down;
-but now these names are used merely as a convenience,
-and without any reference to their significance.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This work is an attempt to popularize this ancient
-information, and to use it in the interests of truth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For the ancient astronomical facts and the names,
-with their signification, I am, from the very nature of
-the case, indebted, of course, to all who have preserved,
-collected, and handed them down; but for their interpretation
-I am alone responsible.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is for the readers to judge how far my conclusions
-are borne out by the evidence; and how far
-the foundation of our hopes of coming glory are
-strengthened by the prophecies which have been
-written in the stars of heaven, as well as in the
-Scriptures of truth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For the illustrations I am greatly indebted to
-Jamieson's <hi rend='italic'>Celestial Atlas</hi>, 1820; Flammarion's <hi rend='italic'>L'Étoiles</hi>;
-Sir John W. Lubbock's <hi rend='italic'>Stars in Six Maps</hi>, 1883; and
-to the late Mr. Edward J. Cooper's <hi rend='italic'>Egyptian Scenery</hi>,
-1820. For the general presentation and arrangement
-of the Constellations I am responsible, while for the
-<pb n='v'/><anchor id='Pgv'/>
-drawings my thanks are due to my friend Miss Amy
-Manson.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is the possession of <q>that blessed hope</q> of
-Christ's speedy return from Heaven which will give
-true interest in the great subject of this book.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-No one can dispute the antiquity of the Signs of
-the Zodiac, or of the Constellations. No one can
-question the accuracy of the ancient star-names which
-have come down to us, for they are still preserved
-in every good celestial atlas. And we hope that no
-one will be able to resist the cumulative evidence that,
-apart from God's grace in Christ there is no hope for
-sinners now: and apart from God's glory, as it will be
-manifested in the return of Christ from Heaven, there
-is no hope for the Church, no hope for Israel, no
-hope for the world, no hope for a groaning creation.
-In spite of all the vaunted promises of a religious
-World, and of a worldly Church, to remove the effects
-of the curse by a Social Gospel of Sanitation, we
-are more and more shut up to the prophecy of Gen. iii.
-15, which we wait and long to see fulfilled in Christ
-as our only hope. This is beautifully expressed by
-the late Dr. William Leask:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l>And is there none before? No perfect peace</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Unbroken by the storms and cares of life,</l>
-<l>Until the time of waiting for Him cease,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>By His appearing to destroy the strife?</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 24'>No, none before.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<pb n='vi'/><anchor id='Pgvi'/>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Do we not hear that through the flag of grace</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>By faithful messengers of God unfurled,</l>
-<l>All men will be converted, and the place</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Of man's rebellion be a holy world?</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 24'>Yes, so we hear.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Is it not true that to the Church is given</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The holy honour of dispelling night,</l>
-<l>And bringing back the human race to heaven,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>By kindling everywhere the Gospel light?</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 24'>It is not true.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Is this the hope—that Christ the Lord will come,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>In all the glory of His royal right,</l>
-<l>Redeemer and Avenger, taking home</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>His saints, and crushing the usurper's might?</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 24'>This is the hope.</l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-May the God of all grace accept and bless this
-effort to show forth His glory, and use it to strengthen
-His people in waiting for His Son from Heaven, even
-Jesus which delivered us from the wrath to come.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Ethelbert W. Bullinger.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='italic'>August 31st, 1893.</hi>
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='001'/><anchor id='Pg001'/>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Introduction.</head>
-
-<p>
-For more than two thousand five hundred years the
-world was without a written revelation from God.
-The question is, Did God leave Himself without a witness?
-The question is answered very positively by the
-written Word that He did not. In Rom. i. 19 it is
-declared that, <q>that which may be known of God is
-manifest in them; for God hath showed it unto them.
-For the invisible things of Him from the creation of the
-world are clearly seen, being understood by the things
-that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead;
-so that they are without excuse.</q> But how was God
-known? How were His <q>invisible things,</q> <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, His
-plans, His purposes, and His counsels, known since the
-creation of the world? We are told by the Holy Spirit
-in Rom. x. 18. Having stated in <hi rend='italic'>v.</hi> 17 that <q>Faith
-cometh by hearing and hearing by the Word (ῥήμα, <hi rend='italic'>the
-thing spoken</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>sayings</hi>) of God,</q> He asks, <q>But I say,
-Have they not heard? Yes, verily.</q> And we may ask,
-How have they heard? The answer follows—<q>Their
-sound went into all the earth (γή) and their words
-(ῥήματα, <hi rend='italic'>their teaching</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>message</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>instruction</hi>) unto the
-ends of the world (οἰκουμένη).</q> What words? What
-instruction? Whose message? Whose teaching?
-There is only one answer, and that is, THE
-<pb n='002'/><anchor id='Pg002'/>
-HEAVENS! This is settled by the fact that the
-passage is quoted from Ps. xix., the first part of which
-is occupied with the Revelation of God written in <hi rend='italic'>the
-Heavens</hi>, and the latter part with the Revelation of God
-written in the <hi rend='italic'>Word</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the simple explanation of this beautiful Psalm.
-This is why its two subjects are brought together. It
-has often perplexed many why there should be that
-abrupt departure in verse 7—<q>The law of the Lord is
-perfect, converting the soul.</q> The fact is, there is
-nothing abrupt in it, and it is no departure. It is
-simply the transition to the second of the two great
-Revelations which are thus placed in juxtaposition.
-The first is the Revelation of the Creator, <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>El</foreign>, אֵל, in
-His <emph>works</emph>, while the second is the Revelation of the
-Covenant Jehovah, יְהוָה, in His <emph>Word</emph>. And it is noteworthy
-that while in the first half of the Psalm, <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>El</foreign> is
-named only once, in the latter half <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Jehovah</foreign> is named
-<emph>seven</emph> times, the last being threefold (Jehovah, Rock,
-and Redeemer), concluding the Psalm.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Let us then turn to Ps. xix., and note first—
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<head>The Structure<note place='foot'>For what is meant by <q>Structure,</q> see <hi rend='italic'>A Key to the Psalms</hi>, by the late Rev.
-Thos. Boys, edited by the present author, 7, St. Paul's Churchyard. Price Five
-shillings.</note> of the Psalm as a whole.</head>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l>A | 1-4-. The Heavens.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>B | -4-6. <q>In them</q> (בָּהֶם) the Sun.</l>
-<l>A | 7-10. The Scriptures.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>B | 11-14. <q>In them</q> (בָּהֶם) Thy Servant.</l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='003'/><anchor id='Pg003'/>
-
-<p>
-In the <hi rend='italic'>Key to the Psalms</hi>, p. 17, it is pointed out that
-the terms employed in <hi rend='italic'>A</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>B</hi> are <emph>astronomical</emph>,<note place='foot'><p><hi rend='italic'>Viz.</hi>, in <hi rend='italic'>A</hi> (verses 7, 8),—
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Converting,</q> from שׁוּב, <hi rend='italic'>to return</hi>, as the sun in the heavens.
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Testimony,</q> from עוּד, <hi rend='italic'>to repeat</hi>, hence, <hi rend='italic'>a witness</hi>, spoken of the sun in
-Ps. lxxxix. 37.
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Sure,</q> אָמַן, <hi rend='italic'>faithful</hi>, as the sun. (Ps. lxxxix. 37.)
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Enlightening,</q> from אוֹר, <hi rend='italic'>to give light</hi>, as the sun. (Gen. i. 15, 17, 18;
-Isa. lx. 19; Ezek. xxxii. 7.)
-</p>
-<p>
-In <hi rend='italic'>B</hi> (verses 11, 12, 13),—
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Warned,</q> from זָהַר, <hi rend='italic'>to make light</hi>, hence, <hi rend='italic'>to teach</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>admonish</hi>.
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Keeping,</q> from שָׁמַר, <hi rend='italic'>to keep</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>observe</hi>, as the heavens. (Ps. cxxx. 6;
-Isa. xxi. 11.) Or as the heavenly bodies <emph>observe</emph> God's ordinances.
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Errors,</q> from שָׁנַה, <hi rend='italic'>to wander</hi>, as the planets.
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Keep back,</q> חָשַׂךְ, <hi rend='italic'>to hold back</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>restrain</hi>.
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Have dominion over,</q> from מָשַׁל, <hi rend='italic'>to rule</hi>. Spoken of the sun and moon
-in Gen. i. 18. <q>The sun to rule the day,</q> &c. (Ps. cxxxvi. 8, 9.)</p></note>
-while in A and B they are <emph>literary</emph>. Thus the two
-parts are significantly connected and united.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Ewald and others imagine that this Psalm is made
-up of two fragments of separate Psalms composed at
-different periods and brought together by a later
-editor!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But this is disproved not only by what has been said
-concerning the structure of the Psalm as a whole, and
-the interlacing of the astronomical and the literary
-terms in the two parts, but it is also shown by more
-minute details.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Each half consists of two portions which correspond
-the one to the other, A answering to <hi rend='italic'>A</hi>, and B to
-<hi rend='italic'>B</hi>. Moreover, each half, as well as each corresponding
-member, consists of the same number of lines; those in
-<pb n='004'/><anchor id='Pg004'/>
-the first half being, by the <foreign rend='italic'>cæsura</foreign>, short, while those in
-the last half are long (or double).
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l>A | 1-4-. Eight lines</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>B | -4-6. Six lines</l>
-<l><hi rend='italic'>A</hi> | 7-10. Eight lines</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><hi rend='italic'>B</hi> | 11-14. Six lines</l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-If we confine ourselves to the first half of the Psalm<note place='foot'><p>The other half of the Psalm is just as perfectly arranged. For example, there
-are six words used (verses 7-9) to describe the fulness of the Word of God, and they
-are thus placed, alternately:—
-</p>
-<p>
-F | <emph>Two</emph> feminine singulars. (Law and Testimony.)<lb/>
-G | <emph>One</emph> masculine plural. (Statutes.)<lb/>
-<hi rend='italic'>F</hi> | <emph>Two</emph> feminine singulars. (Commandment and Fear.)<lb/>
-<hi rend='italic'>G</hi> | <emph>One</emph> masculine plural. (Judgments.)</p></note>
-(A and B, verses 1-6), with which we are now alone
-concerned, we see a still more minute proof of Divine
-order and perfection.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<head>The Structure of A and B.</head>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l>A & B | C | 1. The heavens.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 6'>| D | 2. Their testimony: incessant. (Pos.)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 10'>| E | 3. Their words inaudible. (Neg.)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 6'>| <hi rend='italic'>D</hi> | 4-. Their testimony: universal. (Pos.)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'>| <hi rend='italic'>C</hi> | -4-6. The heavens.</l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Here we have an <emph>introversion</emph>, in which the extremes
-(C and <hi rend='italic'>C</hi>) are occupied with the <emph>heavens</emph>; while the
-means (D, E and <hi rend='italic'>D</hi>) are occupied with their testimony.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The following is the full expansion of the above,
-with original emendations which preserve the <emph>order</emph> of
-the Hebrew words and thus indicate the nature of
-the structure:—
-</p>
-
-<pb n='005'/><anchor id='Pg005'/>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l>C | a | The heavens</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 6'>b | are telling<note place='foot'>From סָפֹר, <hi rend='italic'>to cut into</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>grave</hi>, hence, <hi rend='italic'>to write</hi>. It has the two senses of
-our English verb <hi rend='italic'>tell</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>to count</hi>, and also <hi rend='italic'>to narrate</hi>. The first occurrence
-is Gen. xv. 5, <q><hi rend='italic'>Tell</hi> (סְפֹר) the stars, if thou be able to <hi rend='italic'>number</hi> (לסֵפֹּר)
-them.</q> Gen. xxiv. 66, <q>The servant <hi rend='italic'>told</hi> Isaac all things that he had done.</q>
-Ps. lxxi. 15, <q>My mouth shall <hi rend='italic'>show forth</hi> (יְסַפֵּר, <hi rend='italic'>tell of</hi>, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>) thy righteousness
-and thy salvation all the day; for I know not the <hi rend='italic'>numbers</hi> (סְפֹרוֹת, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the
-accounts</hi>) of them,</q> <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, all the particulars.</note></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 10'>c | the glory<note place='foot'>From כָּבַד, <hi rend='italic'>to be heavy, weight</hi>, the context determining whether the weight
-spoken of is advantageous or not. The first occurrence is Gen. xii. 10, <q>The famine
-was <hi rend='italic'>grievous</hi> (כָּבֵד) in the land.</q> The next, xiii. 2, <q>Abram was very <hi rend='italic'>rich</hi>
-(כָּבֵד).</q> It is often applied to persons who are <hi rend='italic'>of weight</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>importance</hi>, hence,
-glorious and honourable. It is used of the <hi rend='italic'>glory</hi> of the Lord, and of God Himself,
-as we use Majesty of a person. See Isa. iii. 8; iv. 2; xi. 10; xliii. 20; Hag. ii. 8;
-Ex. xvi. 7; xxiv. 17; 1 Sam. iv. 21; Pss. xxvi. 8 (<hi rend='italic'>honour</hi>); lxiii. 3.</note> of God:</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 10'><hi rend='italic'>c</hi> | and the work of his hands</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 6'><hi rend='italic'>b</hi> | is setting forth<note place='foot'>From נָגַד, <hi rend='italic'>to set before</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>to set forth</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>to shew</hi>. First occurrence, Gen. iii. 11,
-<q>Who <hi rend='italic'>told</hi> thee that thou wast naked.</q> Ps. xcvii. 6, <q>The heavens <hi rend='italic'>declare</hi> His
-righteousness</q>; cxi. 6, <q><hi rend='italic'>He hath shewed</hi> his people the power of his works.</q></note></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'><hi rend='italic'>a</hi> | the firmament.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 6'>D | d | Day after day<note place='foot'>This is the English idiom for the Hebrew <q>Day to day.</q> The ל is used in
-its sense of <emph>adding</emph> or superadding to, as in Isa. xxviii. 10, צַו לָצָו, <q>precept to
-precept;</q> <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, precept after precept, line after line. Gen. xlvi. 26, <q>All the souls
-that came with Jacob</q> (לְיַעֲקֹב, to Jacob; <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, in addition to Jacob. So here, <q>Day
-to day;</q> <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, Day in addition to day, or, as we say, Day after day).</note></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 10'>e | uttereth<note place='foot'>From נָבַע, <hi rend='italic'>to tell forth</hi>, akin to נָבַא, <hi rend='italic'>to prophesy</hi>, from root <hi rend='italic'>to pour forth</hi>.
-Lit., here, poureth forth discourse. Ps. cxlv. 9, <q>abundantly utter.</q></note> speech,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 6'><hi rend='italic'>d</hi> | And night after night</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 10'><hi rend='italic'>e</hi> | sheweth knowledge.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 10'>E | f | There is no speech (what is articulate)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 14'>g | and there are no words (what is audible);</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 14'><hi rend='italic'>g</hi> | and without being audible,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 12'><hi rend='italic'>f</hi> | is their voice (what is articulate).</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 6'><hi rend='italic'>D</hi> | h | Into all the earth (as created)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 12'>i | is their line<note place='foot'>Their line, קָו, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, their measuring line. By the figure of metonymy the
-<emph>line</emph> which measures is put for the portion or heritage which is measured, as in many
-other places. See Ps. xvi. 6, <q>The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea,
-I have a goodly heritage.</q> (See also Ps. lxxviii. 55, &c.) Here, it means that
-<q>Their measuring line has gone forth unto all the earth (אֶרֶץ)</q>; <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, All the
-earth inherits this their testimony (<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, has this testimony for its heritage), and to the
-ends of the world (תֵבֵל, <hi rend='italic'>the inhabited world</hi>) their instruction has gone forth.
-With this agrees, in sense, the LXX. here, and Rom. x. 16, which each has φθόγγος,
-<hi rend='italic'>a sound</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>voice</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, a sound in relation to the hearer, rather than to that which
-causes it. The meaning of the passage is, <q>All the earth has their <emph>sound</emph> or testimony
-as its heritage, and the ends of the world hear their words.</q> Symmachus has
-ἦχος, <hi rend='italic'>a sound</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>report</hi>.</note> gone forth;</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 8'><hi rend='italic'>h</hi> | And into the ends of the world (as inhabited)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 10'><hi rend='italic'>i</hi> | Their sayings.</l>
-<l>C | j | For the sun He hath set a tent (an abode) in them;</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'><hi rend='italic'>k</hi> | l | and he as a bridegroom (comparison)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 8'>m | is going forth from his canopy, (motion: its rising)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 6'><hi rend='italic'>l</hi> | he rejoiceth as a mighty one (comparison)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 8'><hi rend='italic'>m</hi> | to run his course. (Motion: its rapid course.)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'><hi rend='italic'>k</hi> | n | from the end of the heavens (egress)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 12'>o | is his going forth (egress)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 12'><hi rend='italic'>o</hi> | and his revolution (regress)</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 10'><hi rend='italic'>n</hi> | unto their ends (regress):</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'><hi rend='italic'>j</hi> | and there is nothing hid from his heat (<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, from him)<note place='foot'>חֵמָה means <hi rend='italic'>that which is hot</hi>, and is a poetical name of the sun itself.</note></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='006'/><anchor id='Pg006'/>
-
-<p>
-Surely there is something more referred to here than
-a mere wonder excited by the works of the Creator!
-When we read the whole passage and mark its structure,
-and note the words employed, we are emphatically
-told that the heavens contain a revelation from God;
-they prophesy, they show knowledge, they tell of God's
-glory, and set forth His purposes and counsels.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is a remarkable fact that it is in the Book of Job,
-which is generally allowed to be the oldest book in the
-<pb n='007'/><anchor id='Pg007'/>
-Bible,<note place='foot'>Job is thought by some to be the Jobab mentioned in Gen. x. 29, the third in
-descent from Eber.</note> if not in the world, that we have references to
-this Stellar Revelation. This would be at least 2,000
-years before Christ. In that book the signs of the
-Zodiac and the names of several stars and constellations
-are mentioned, as being ancient and well-known.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Isa. xl. 26 (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>) we read:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Lift up your eyes on high,</q></l>
-<l>And see who hath created these,</l>
-<l>That bringeth out their host by number:</l>
-<l>He calleth them all by name;</l>
-<l>By the greatness of His might,</l>
-<l>And for that He is strong in power,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Not one is lacking.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-We have the same evidence in Psalm cxlvii. 4. (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>He telleth the number of the stars;</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>He giveth them all their names.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Here is a distinct and Divine declaration that the
-great Creator both <emph>numbered</emph> as well as <emph>named</emph> the stars
-of Heaven.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The question is, Has he revealed any of these names?
-Have any of them been handed down to us?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The answer is Yes; and that in the Bible itself we
-have the names (so ancient that their meaning is a little
-obscure) of <hi rend='italic'>Ash</hi> (עָשׁ, a name still connected with the
-Great Bear), <hi rend='italic'>Cesil</hi> (כְּסִיל), and <hi rend='italic'>Cimah</hi> (כִּימָה).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-They occur in Job ix. 9: <q>Which maketh Arcturus
-(<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>the Bear</hi>), Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers
-of the south.</q> (Marg., Heb., <hi rend='italic'>Ash</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>Cesil</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>Cimah</hi>.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Job xxxviii. 31, 32: <q>Canst thou bind the sweet
-influences (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi> cluster) of the Pleiades (marg., <hi rend='italic'>the
-<pb n='008'/><anchor id='Pg008'/>
-seven stars</hi>, Heb. <hi rend='italic'>Cimah</hi>), or loose the bands of Orion
-(marg. Heb. <hi rend='italic'>Cesil</hi>)? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth
-(marg., <hi rend='italic'>the twelve signs</hi>. <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>, <q>the twelve
-signs</q>: and marg., <hi rend='italic'>the signs of the Zodiac</hi>) in his season?
-or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>, the
-Bear with her train; and marg., Heb., <hi rend='italic'>sons</hi>).</q><note place='foot'><p>Note the structure of this verse:—
-</p>
-<p>
-A | The seven stars,<lb/>
-B | Orion,<lb/>
-<hi rend='italic'>A</hi> | The twelve signs,<lb/>
-<hi rend='italic'>B</hi> | Arcturus.</p></note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Isa. xiii. 10: ... <q>The stars of heaven and the constellations
-thereof.</q> ...
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Amos v. 8: <q>Seek him that maketh the seven stars
-(<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>, the Pleiades) and Orion.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Then we have the term <q>Mazzaroth,</q> Job xxxviii.
-32, and <q>Mazzaloth,</q> 2 Kings xxiii. 5. The former in
-both versions is referred to the Twelve Signs of the
-Zodiac, while the latter is rendered <q>planets,</q> and in
-margin, <hi rend='italic'>the twelve signs or constellations</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Others are referred to by name. The sign of
-<q>Gemini,</q> or the Twins, is given as the name of a
-ship: Acts xxviii. 11, Διόσκουροι, (<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> Castor & Pollux).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Most commentators agree that the constellation of
-<q>Draco,</q> or the Dragon (between the Great and Little
-Bear), is referred to in Job xxvi. 13: <q>By His Spirit He
-hath garnished the heavens; His hand hath formed the
-crooked serpent (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi> swift. Marg. <hi rend='italic'>fleeing</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>gliding</hi>.
-See Is. xxvii. 1; xliii. 14).</q> This word <q>garnished</q> is
-peculiar. The <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi> puts in the margin, <hi rend='italic'>beauty</hi>. In
-Ps. xvi. 6, it is rendered <hi rend='italic'>goodly</hi>. <q>I have a goodly
-heritage.</q> In Dan. iv. 2, it is rendered, <q>I thought
-<pb n='009'/><anchor id='Pg009'/>
-it good to show,</q> referring to <q>the signs and wonders</q>
-with which God had visited Nebuchadnezzar. It appears
-from this that God <q><hi rend='italic'>thought it good to show</hi></q> by
-these signs written in the heavens the wonders of His
-purposes and counsels, and it was by His Spirit that
-He made it known; it was His hand that <hi rend='italic'>coiled</hi> (חוּל)
-the crooked serpent among the stars of heaven.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus we see that the Scriptures are not silent as to
-the great antiquity of the signs and constellations.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If we turn to history and tradition, we are at once
-met with the fact that the Twelve Signs are the same,
-both as to the meaning of their names and as to their
-order <hi rend='italic'>in all the ancient nations of the world</hi>. The
-Chinese, Chaldean, and Egyptian records go back
-to more than 2,000 years <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> Indeed, the Zodiacs
-in the Temples of Denderah and Esnéh, in Egypt,
-are doubtless copies of Zodiacs still more ancient,
-which, from internal evidence, must be placed nearly
-4,000 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>, when the summer solstice was in Leo.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Josephus hands down to us what he gives as the
-traditions of his own nation, corroborated by his reference
-to eight ancient Gentile authorities, whose
-works are lost. He says that they all assert that
-<q>God gave the antediluvians such long life that they
-might perfect those things which they had invented in
-astronomy.</q> Cassini commences his <hi rend='italic'>History of Astronomy</hi>
-by saying <q>It is impossible to doubt that astronomy
-was invented from the beginning of the world;
-history, profane as well as sacred, testifies to this
-truth.</q> Nouet, a French astronomer, infers that the
-Egyptian Astronomy must have arisen 5,400 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>!
-</p>
-
-<pb n='010'/><anchor id='Pg010'/>
-
-<p>
-Ancient Persian and Arabian traditions ascribe its
-invention to Adam, Seth, and Enoch. Josephus asserts
-that it originated in the family of Seth; and he says
-that the children of Seth, and especially Adam, Seth,
-and Enoch, that their revelation might not be lost as
-to the two coming judgments of Water and Fire, made
-two pillars (one of brick, the other of stone), describing
-the whole of the predictions of the stars upon them, and
-in case the brick pillar should be destroyed by the flood,
-the stone would preserve the revelation (Book i. chs. 1-3).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is what is doubtless meant by Gen. xi. 4, <q>And
-they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower
-whose top <hi rend='italic'>may reach</hi> unto heaven.</q> The words <q><hi rend='italic'>may
-reach</hi></q> are in italics. There is nothing in the verse
-which relates to the height of this tower. It merely
-says וְרֹאשׁוֹ בַשָּׁמַיִם, <hi rend='italic'>and his top with the heavens</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> with
-the pictures and the stars, just as we find them in
-the ancient temples of Denderah and Esnéh in Egypt.
-This tower, with its planisphere and pictures of the
-signs and constellations, was to be erected like those
-temples were afterwards, in order to preserve the revelation,
-<q>lest we be scattered abroad upon the face
-of the whole earth.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is corroborated by Lieut.-Gen. Chesney, well
-known for his learned researches and excavations among
-the ruins of Babylon, who, after describing his various
-discoveries, says,<note place='foot'>General Chesney allowed the late Dean Goode to copy the passage, among
-other matters, from his private MS. The Dean quotes it in his <hi rend='italic'>Warburtonian
-Lectures</hi> (2nd Ed., Note I. to Sermon IV., p. 170-1.)</note> <q>About five miles S.W. of Hillah,
-the most remarkable of all the ruins, the <hi rend='italic'>Birs Nimroud</hi> of
-<pb n='011'/><anchor id='Pg011'/>
-the Arabs, rises to a height of 153 feet above the plain
-from a base covering a square of 400 feet, or almost
-four acres. It was constructed of kiln-dried bricks in
-seven stages to correspond with the planets to which
-they were dedicated: the lowermost black, the colour
-of Saturn; the next orange, for Jupiter; the third red,
-for Mars; and so on.<note place='foot'>Fragments of these coloured glazed bricks are to be seen in the British Museum.</note> These stages were surmounted
-by a lofty tower on the summit of which, we are told,
-were the signs of the Zodiac and other astronomical
-figures; thus having (as it should have been translated)
-<hi rend='italic'>a representation of the heavens</hi>, instead of <q>a top which
-reached unto heaven.</q></q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This Biblical evidence carries us at once right back
-to the Flood, or about 2,500 years <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This tower or temple, or both, was also called
-<q><hi rend='italic'>The Seven Spheres</hi>,</q> according to some; and <q>The
-Seven Lights,</q> according to others. It is thus clear
-that the popular idea of its height and purpose must be
-abandoned, and its astronomical reference to revelation
-must be admitted. The tower was an attempt to
-preserve and hand down the antediluvian traditions;
-their sin was in keeping together instead of scattering
-themselves over the earth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Another important statement is made by Dr. Budge,
-of the British Museum.<note place='foot'><hi rend='italic'>Babylonian Life and History</hi>, p. 36.</note> He says, <q>It must never be
-forgotten that the Babylonians were a nation of star-gazers,
-and that they kept a body of men to do nothing
-else but report eclipses, appearances of the moon, sun-spots,
-etc., etc.</q>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='012'/><anchor id='Pg012'/>
-
-<p>
-<q>Astronomy, mixed with astrology, occupied a large
-number of tablets in the Babylonian libraries, and
-Isaiah, xlvii. 13, refers to this when he says to Babylon,
-<q>Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels.
-Let now thy astrologers (marg. <hi rend='italic'>viewers of the heavens</hi>),
-the star-gazers, the monthly prognosticators stand up.</q>
-The largest astrological work of the Babylonians contained
-seventy tablets, and was compiled by the command
-of Sargon of Agade thirty-eight hundred years
-before Christ! It was called the <q>Illumination of Bel.</q></q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>Their observations were made in towers called
-<q>ziggurats</q></q> (p. 106).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>They built observatories in all the great cities, and
-reports like the above [which Dr. Budge gives in full]
-were regularly sent to the King</q> (p. 110).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>They were able to calculate eclipses, and had long
-lists of them.</q> <q>They found out that the sun was
-spotted, and they knew of comets.</q> <q>They were the
-inventors of the Zodiac</q> (?). There are fragments of
-two (ancient Babylonian) planispheres in the British
-Museum with figures and calculations inscribed upon
-them. <q>The months were called after the signs of the
-Zodiac</q> (p. 109).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We may form some idea of what this <q>representation
-of the heavens</q> was from the fifth <q>Creation
-Tablet,</q> now in the British Museum. It reads as
-follows:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<p>
-<q rend='pre'>Anu [<hi rend='italic'>the Creator</hi>] made excellent the mansions [<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>the
-celestial houses</hi>] of the great gods [twelve] in number
-[<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>the twelve signs or mansions of the sun</hi>].</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The stars he placed in them. The lumasi [<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>groups of
-stars or figures</hi>] he fixed.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='013'/><anchor id='Pg013'/>
-
-<p>
-He arranged the year according to the bounds [<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>the
-twelve signs</hi>] which he defined.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For each of the twelve months three rows of stars [<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>
-<hi rend='italic'>constellations</hi>] he fixed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q rend='post'>From the day when the year issues forth unto the close,
-he marked the mansions [<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>the Zodiacal Signs</hi>] of
-the wandering stars [<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>planets</hi>] to know their courses
-that they might not err or deflect at all.</q>
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Coming down to less ancient records: <hi rend='smallcaps'>Eudoxos</hi>, an
-astronomer of Cnidus (403 to 350 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>), wrote a work
-on Astronomy which he called <hi rend='italic'>Phainomena</hi>. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Antigonus
-Gonatas</hi>, King of Macedonia (273-239 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>), requested
-the Poet <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> to put the work of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Eudoxus</hi> into the
-form of a poem, which he did about the year 270 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> called his work <hi rend='italic'>Diosemeia (the Divine Signs)</hi>.
-He was a native of Tarsus, and it is interesting for
-us to note that his poem was known to, and, indeed,
-must have been read by, the Apostle Paul, for he
-quotes it in his address at Athens on Mars' Hill. He
-says (Acts xvii. 28), <q>For in Him we live, and move,
-and have our being; as certain also of your own
-poets have said, For we are also his offspring.</q><note place='foot'>τοῦ γαρ καὶ γένος ἐσμεν.</note>
-Several translations of this poem have been made,
-both by <hi rend='smallcaps'>Cicero</hi> and others, into Latin, and in recent
-times into English by E. Poste, J. Lamb, and others.
-The following is the opening from the translation of
-Robert Brown, jun.:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>From Zeus we lead the strain; he whom mankind</q></l>
-<l>Ne'er leave unhymned: of Zeus all public ways,</l>
-<l>All haunts of men, are full; and full the sea,</l>
-<l>And harbours; and of Zeus all stand in need.</l>
-<l><hi rend='italic'>We are his offspring</hi>:<note place='foot'>τοῦ γαρ καὶ γένος ἐσμεν.</note> and he, ever good and mild to man,</l>
-<pb n='014'/><anchor id='Pg014'/>
-<l>Gives favouring signs, and rouses us to toil.</l>
-<l>Calling to mind life's wants: when clods are best</l>
-<l>For plough and mattock: when the time is ripe</l>
-<l>For planting vines and sowing seeds, he tells,</l>
-<l>Since he himself hath fixed in heaven these Signs,</l>
-<l>The stars dividing: and throughout the year</l>
-<l>Stars he provides to indicate to man</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The seasons' course, that all things duly grow,</q> etc., etc.</l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Then <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> proceeds to describe and explain all
-the Signs and Constellations as the Greeks in his day
-understood, or rather misunderstood, them, after their
-true meaning and testimony had been forgotten.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Moreover, <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> describes them, not as they were
-seen in his day, but as they were seen some 4,000
-years before. The stars were not seen from Tarsus
-as he describes them, and he must therefore have
-written from a then ancient Zodiac. For notwithstanding
-that we speak of <q>fixed stars,</q> there is a constant,
-though slow, change taking place amongst them.
-There is also another change taking place owing to
-the slow recession of the pole of the heavens (about
-50" in the year); so that while <hi rend='italic'>Alpha</hi> in the constellation
-of <hi rend='italic'>Draco</hi> was the Polar Star when the Zodiac
-was first formed, the Polar Star is now <hi rend='italic'>Alpha</hi> in what
-is called <hi rend='italic'>Ursa Minor</hi>. This change alone carries us
-back at least 5,000 years. The same movement which
-has changed the relative position of these two stars
-has also caused the constellation of the <hi rend='italic'>Southern Cross</hi>
-to become invisible in northern latitudes. When the
-constellations were formed the <hi rend='italic'>Southern Cross</hi> was
-visible in N. latitude 40°, and was included in their
-number. But, though known by tradition, it had not
-been seen in that latitude for some twenty centuries,
-<pb n='015'/><anchor id='Pg015'/>
-until the Cape of Good Hope had been discovered.
-Then was seen again <hi rend='italic'>The Southern Cross</hi> depicted by
-the Patriarchs. Here is another indisputable proof as
-to the antiquity of the formation of the Zodiac.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Ptolemy</hi> (150 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>) transmits them from <hi rend='smallcaps'>Hïpparchus</hi>
-(130 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>) <q>as of unquestioned authority, unknown
-origin, and unsearchable antiquity.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Sir William Drummond says that <q>the traditions
-of the Chaldean Astronomy seem the fragments of a
-mighty system fallen into ruins.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The word <foreign rend='italic'>Zodiac</foreign> itself is from the Greek Ζωδιακός,
-which is not from Ζάω, <hi rend='italic'>to live</hi>, but from a primitive
-root through the Hebrew <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Sodi</foreign>, which in Sanscrit means
-<hi rend='italic'>a way</hi>. Its etymology has no connection with <hi rend='italic'>living
-creatures</hi>, but denotes <hi rend='italic'>a way</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>step</hi>, and is used of the
-<hi rend='italic'>way</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>path</hi> in which the sun appears to move amongst
-the stars in the course of the year.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To an observer on the earth the whole firmament,
-together with the sun, appears to revolve in a circle
-once in twenty-four hours. But the time occupied
-by the stars in going round, differs from the time
-occupied by the sun. This difference amounts to
-about one-twelfth part of the whole circle in each
-month, so that when the circle of the heavens is
-divided up into twelve parts, the sun appears to move
-each month through one of them. This path which
-the sun thus makes amongst the stars is called the
-<hi rend='italic'>Ecliptic</hi>.<note place='foot'><p>Besides this <emph>monthly</emph> difference, there is an <emph>annual</emph> difference; for at the end of
-twelve months the sun does not come back to exactly the same point in the sign
-which commenced the year, but is a little behind it. But this difference, though it
-occurs every year, is so small that it will take 25,579 years for the sun to complete
-this vast cycle, which is called <hi rend='italic'>The precession of the Equinoxes</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, about one
-degree in every 71 years. If the sun came back to the precise point at which it
-began the year, each <emph>sign</emph> would correspond, always and regularly, exactly with a
-particular <emph>month</emph>; but, owing to this constant regression, the sun (while it goes
-through the whole twelve signs every year) commences the year in one sign for only
-about 2,131 years. In point of fact, since the Creation the commencement of the
-year has changed to the extent of nearly three of the signs. When Virgil sings—
-</p>
-<p>
-<q><hi rend='italic'>The White Bull with golden horns opens the year</hi>,</q>
-</p>
-<p>
-he does not record what took place in his own day. This is another proof of the
-antiquity of these signs.
-</p>
-<p>
-The <hi rend='italic'>Ecliptic</hi>, or path of the sun, if it could be viewed from immediately beneath
-the Polar Star, would form a complete and perfect circle, would be concentric with
-the <hi rend='italic'>Equator</hi>, and all the stars and the sun would appear to move in this circle, never
-rising or setting. To a person north or south of the Equator the stars therefore rise
-and set obliquely; while to a person on the Equator they rise and set perpendicularly,
-each star being twelve hours above and twelve below the horizon.
-</p>
-<p>
-The points where the two circles (the <hi rend='italic'>Ecliptic</hi> and the <hi rend='italic'>Equator</hi>) intersect each
-other are called the <hi rend='italic'>Equinoctial points</hi>. It is the movement of these points (which
-are now moving from Aries to Pisces) which gives rise to the term, <q><hi rend='italic'>the precession
-of the Equinoxes</hi>.</q></p></note>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='016'/><anchor id='Pg016'/>
-
-<p>
-Each of these twelve parts (consisting each of
-about 30 degrees) is distinguished, not by numbers
-or by letters, but by pictures and names, and
-this, as we have seen, from the very earliest
-times. They are preserved to the present day in our
-almanacs, and we are taught their order in the
-familiar rhymes:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Ram</hi>, the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Bull</hi>, the heavenly <hi rend='smallcaps'>Twins</hi>,</q></l>
-<l>And next the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Crab</hi>, the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lion</hi> shines,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgin</hi> and the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Scales</hi>;</l>
-<l>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Scorpion</hi>, <hi rend='smallcaps'>Archer</hi>, and <hi rend='smallcaps'>Sea-Goat</hi>,</l>
-<l>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Man</hi> that carries the Water-pot,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'><q rend='post'>And <hi rend='smallcaps'>Fish</hi> with glittering scales.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-These signs have always and everywhere been preserved
-in this order, and have begun with <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>.
-They have been known amongst all nations, and in
-all ages, thus proving their common origin from one
-source.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='017'/><anchor id='Pg017'/>
-
-<p>
-The figures themselves are perfectly arbitrary.
-There is nothing in the groups of stars to even suggest
-the figures. This is the first thing which is
-noticed by every one who looks at the constellations.
-Take for example the sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi>, and look at
-the stars. There is nothing whatever to suggest
-a human form; still less is there anything to show
-whether that form is a man or a woman. And so
-with all the others.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <emph>picture</emph>, therefore, is the original, and must have
-been drawn around or connected with certain stars,
-simply in order that it might be identified and associated
-with them; and that it might thus be remembered
-and handed down to posterity.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There can be no doubt, as the learned Authoress of
-<hi rend='italic'>Mazzaroth</hi> conclusively proves, that these signs were
-afterwards identified with the twelve sons of Jacob.
-Joseph sees the sun and moon and eleven stars
-bowing down to him, he himself being the twelfth
-(Gen. xxxvii. 9). The blessing of Jacob (Gen. xlix.)
-and the blessing of Moses (Deut. xxxiii.) both bear witness
-to the existence of these signs in their day. And
-it is more than probable that each of the Twelve
-Tribes bore one of them on its standard. We read in
-Num. ii. 2, <q>Every man of the children of Israel shall
-pitch by his own <hi rend='smallcaps'>Standard</hi>, with the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Ensign</hi> of their
-father's house</q> (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi> <q>with the ensigns of their fathers'
-houses</q>). This <q>Standard</q> was the <hi rend='italic'>Degel</hi> (דֶגֶל) on
-which the <q>Sign</q> (אוֹת, <hi rend='italic'>Oth</hi>) was depicted. Hence it
-was called the <q><hi rend='italic'>En-sign</hi>.</q> Ancient Jewish authorities
-declare that each tribe had one of the signs as its own,
-<pb n='018'/><anchor id='Pg018'/>
-and it is highly probable, even from Scripture, that four
-of the tribes carried its <q>Sign</q>; and that these four
-were placed at the four sides of the camp.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If the Lion were appropriated to Judah, then the
-other three would be thus fixed, and would be the same
-four that equally divide the Zodiac at its four cardinal
-points. According to Num. ii. the camp was thus
-formed:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l>In the North, from North-West to North-East:</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Asher</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Sagittarius</hi>).</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Dan</hi>, The Scorpion (<hi rend='italic'>Scorpio</hi>).</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Nephtali</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Capricornus</hi>).</l>
-<l>In the East, from North-East to South-East:</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Issachar</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Cancer</hi>).</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Judah</hi>, The Lion (<hi rend='italic'>Leo</hi>).</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Zebulon</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Virgo</hi>).</l>
-<l>In the South, from South-East to South-West:</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Simeon</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Pisces</hi>).</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Reuben</hi>, The Man (<hi rend='italic'>Aquarius</hi>).</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Gad</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Aries</hi>).</l>
-<l>In the West, from South-West to North-West:</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Ephraim</hi> and <hi rend='smallcaps'>Manasseh</hi>,
-The Bull (the two horns of <hi rend='italic'>Taurus</hi>).</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Benjamin</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Gemini</hi>).</l>
-<l>In the Center:</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>Levi</hi>, The Scales (<hi rend='italic'>Libra</hi>).</l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-If the reader compares the above with the blessings
-of Israel and Moses, and compares the meanings and
-descriptions given below with those blessings, the
-<pb n='019'/><anchor id='Pg019'/>
-connection will be clearly seen. Levi, for example,
-had no standard, and he needed none, for he kept
-<q>the balance of the Sanctuary,</q> and had the charge
-of that brazen altar on which the atoning blood outweighed
-the nation's sins.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The four great signs which thus marked the four
-sides of the camp, and the four quarters of the Zodiac,
-are the same four which form the Cherubim (the
-Eagle, the Scorpion's enemy, being substituted for the
-Scorpion). The Cherubim thus form a compendious
-expression of the hope of Creation, which, from the
-very first, has been bound up with the Coming One,
-who alone should cause its groanings to cease.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But this brings us to the Signs themselves and
-their interpretation.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These pictures were designed to preserve, expound,
-and perpetuate the one first great promise and
-prophecy of Gen. iii. 15, that all hope for Man, all
-hope for Creation, was bound up in <emph>a coming Redeemer</emph>;
-One who should be born of a woman; who should first
-suffer, and afterwards gloriously triumph; One who
-should first be wounded by that great enemy who
-was the cause of all sin and sorrow and death, but
-who should finally crush the head of <q>that Old
-Serpent the Devil.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These ancient star-pictures reveal this Coming
-One. They set forth <q>the sufferings of Christ and
-the glory that should follow.</q> Altogether there are
-forty-eight of them, made up of twelve <hi rend='smallcaps'>Signs</hi>, each
-sign containing three <hi rend='smallcaps'>Constellations</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These may be divided into <emph>three</emph> great books, each
-<pb n='020'/><anchor id='Pg020'/>
-book containing four chapters (or Signs); and each
-chapter containing three sections (or Constellations).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Each book (like the four Gospels) sets forth its
-peculiar aspect of the Coming One; beginning with the
-promise of His coming, and ending with the destruction
-of the enemy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But where are we to <emph>begin</emph> to read this wondrous
-Heavenly Scroll? A circle has proverbially neither
-beginning nor end. In what order then are we to consider
-these signs? In the heavens they form a never-ending
-circle. Where is the beginning and where is the
-end of this circle through which the sun is constantly
-moving? Where are we to break into this circle?
-and say, <hi rend='italic'>This is the commencement</hi>. It is clear that
-unless we can determine this original starting point
-we can never read this wondrous book aright.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-As I have said, the popular beginning to-day is with
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>, <emph>the</emph> Ram. But comparing this Revelation with
-that which was afterwards written <q>in the Volume of
-the Book,</q> <hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi> is the only point where we can intelligently
-begin, and <hi rend='smallcaps'>Leo</hi> is the only point where we
-can logically conclude. Is not this what is spoken of
-as the unknown and insoluble mystery—<q>The riddle
-of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Sphinx</hi></q>? The word <q>Sphinx</q> is from σφίγγω,
-<hi rend='italic'>to bind closely together</hi>. It was therefore designed to
-show where the two ends of the Zodiac were to be
-joined together, and where the great circle of the
-heavens begins and ends.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/esneh.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Signs of Leo and Virgo, from the ceiling of the Portico of the Temple of
-Esneh, showing the Sphinx between,
-uniting the beginning and end of the Zodiac.</head>
- <figDesc>Ceiling of Portico of Temple of Esneh</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Sphinx</hi> is a figure with the <emph>head of a woman</emph>
-and the <emph>body of a lion</emph>! What is this but a never-ceasing
-monitor, telling us to begin with <hi rend='italic'>Virgo</hi> and
-<pb n='022'/><anchor id='Pg022'/>
-to end with <hi rend='italic'>Leo</hi>! In the Zodiac in the Temple of
-Esnéh, in Egypt, a Sphinx is actually placed between
-the Signs of Virgo and Leo, as shown in the illustration
-on the preceding page. It is a tracing from the drawing
-of Signor Bossi, executed on the spot, under the
-direction of the late Mr. Edward J. Cooper, in 1820.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Beginning, then, with <hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi>, let us now spread out
-the contents of this Heavenly Volume, so that the eye
-can take them in at a glance. Of course we are greatly
-hindered in this, in having to use the modern Latin
-names which the Constellations bear to-day.<note place='foot'>It is exactly the same with the books of the Bible. Their order and their
-names, <emph>as we have them</emph> in the English Bible, are those which <emph>man</emph> has given them,
-copied from the Septuagint and Vulgate, and in many cases are not the Divine names
-according to the Hebrew Canon.</note> Some
-of these names are mistakes, others are gross perversions
-of the truth, as proved by the pictures themselves,
-which are far more ancient, and have come
-down to us from primitive times.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-After the Revelation came to be written down in
-the Scriptures, there was not the same need for the
-preservation of the Heavenly Volume. And after the
-nations had lost the original meaning of the pictures,
-they invented a meaning out of the vain imagination
-of the thoughts of their hearts. The Greek Mythology
-is an interpretation of (only some of) the
-signs and constellations after their true meaning had
-been forgotten. It is popularly believed that Bible
-truth is an evolution from, or development of, the
-ancient religions of the world. But the fact is that
-they themselves are a <emph>corruption</emph> and <emph>perversion of
-primitive truth</emph>!
-</p>
-
-<pb n='023'/><anchor id='Pg023'/>
-
-<p>
-We will now give <emph>the contents</emph> of this Heavenly
-Volume of Divine Revelation, and afterwards proceed
-to develope it, explain it in detail, and compare it with
-the same truth which was afterwards written down in
-the Scriptures.
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-The First Book.<lb/>
-THE REDEEMER.<lb/>
-(<hi rend='smallcaps'>His First Coming.</hi>)<lb/>
-<q>The Sufferings of Christ.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER I.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>The Prophecy of the Promised Seed of the Woman.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-VIRGO (<hi rend='italic'>The Virgin. A woman bearing a branch in her right hand
-and an ear of corn in her left</hi>). The Promised Seed of the
-woman.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Coma</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Desired. The woman and child</hi>). The Desired
-of all nations.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Centaurus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Centaur with two natures, holding a spear
-piercing a victim</hi>). The despised sin offering.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Boötes</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>a man walking bearing a branch called</hi> <hi rend='smallcaps'>Arcturus</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>meaning the same</hi>). He cometh.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER II.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>The Redeemer's Atoning Work</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-LIBRA (<hi rend='italic'>The Scales</hi>). The price deficient balanced by the price
-which covers.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. CRUX, The Cross endured.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. LUPUS, or VICTIMA, <hi rend='italic'>The Victim</hi> slain.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. CORONA, <hi rend='italic'>The Crown</hi> bestowed.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='024'/><anchor id='Pg024'/>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER III.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>The Redeemer's Conflict</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-SCORPIO (<hi rend='italic'>The Scorpion</hi>) seeking to wound, but itself trodden
-under foot.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Serpens</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Serpent</hi> struggling with the man).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>O-phi-u-chus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The man</hi> grasping the serpent). The
-struggle with the enemy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Hercules</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The mighty man. A man kneeling on one knee,
-humbled in the conflict, but holding aloft the tokens of victory,
-with his foot on the head of the Dragon</hi>). The mighty
-Vanquisher seeming to sink in the conflict.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER IV.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>The Redeemer's Triumph</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-SAGITTARIUS (<hi rend='italic'>The Archer</hi>). The Two-natured Conqueror
-going forth <q>Conquering and to conquer.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lyra</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Harp</hi>). Praise prepared for the Conqueror.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Ara</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Altar</hi>). Consuming fire prepared for His enemies.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Draco</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Dragon</hi>). The Old Serpent—the Devil, cast
-down from heaven.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-The Second Book.<lb/>
-THE REDEEMED.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>The Result of the Redeemer's Sufferings</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER I.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Their Blessings Procured</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-CAPRICORNUS (<hi rend='italic'>The fish-goat</hi>). The goat of Atonement slain
-for the Redeemed.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='025'/><anchor id='Pg025'/>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Sagitta</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Arrow</hi>). The arrow of God sent forth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aquila</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Eagle</hi>). The smitten One falling.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Delphinus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Dolphin</hi>). The dead One rising again.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER II.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Their Blessings Ensured.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-AQUARIUS (<hi rend='italic'>The Water-Bearer</hi>): The living waters of blessing
-poured forth for the Redeemed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Piscis Australis</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Southern Fish</hi>). The blessings bestowed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Pegasus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Winged Horse</hi>). The blessings quickly
-coming.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Cygnus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Swan</hi>). The Blesser surely returning.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER III.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Their Blessings in Abeyance.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-PISCES (<hi rend='italic'>The Fishes</hi>). The Redeemed blessed though bound.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>The Band</hi>—bound, but binding their great enemy Cetus,
-the sea monster.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Andromeda</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Chained Woman</hi>). The Redeemed in
-their bondage and affliction.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Cepheus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The King</hi>). Their Redeemer coming to rule.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER IV.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Their Blessings Consummated and Enjoyed.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-ARIES (<hi rend='italic'>The Ram or Lamb</hi>). The Lamb that was slain, prepared
-for the victory.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Cassiopeia</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Enthroned Woman</hi>). The captive delivered,
-and preparing for her husband, the Redeemer.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Cetus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Sea Monster</hi>). The great enemy bound.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Perseus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Breaker</hi>). Delivering His redeemed.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='026'/><anchor id='Pg026'/>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-The Third Book.<lb/>
-THE REDEEMER.<lb/>
-(<hi rend='smallcaps'>His Second Coming</hi>.)<lb/>
-<q>The glory that should follow.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER I.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Messiah, the coming Judge of all the Earth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-TAURUS (<hi rend='italic'>The Bull</hi>). Messiah coming to rule.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Orion</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>Light breaking forth</hi> in the person of the Redeemer.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Eridanus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The River of the Judge</hi>). Wrath breaking forth
-for His enemies.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Auriga</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Shepherd</hi>). Safety for the Redeemed in the
-day of that wrath.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER II.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Messiah's Reign as Prince of Peace</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-GEMINI (The Twins). The twofold nature of the King.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lepus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Hare</hi>), or <hi rend='smallcaps'>THE ENEMY</hi> trodden under foot.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Canis Major</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Dog</hi>), or <hi rend='smallcaps'>Sirius</hi>, the coming glorious
-Prince of Princes.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Canis Minor</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Second Dog</hi>), or <hi rend='smallcaps'>Procyon</hi>, the exalted
-Redeemer.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER III.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Messiah's Redeemed Possessions</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-CANCER (The Crab). The possessions held fast.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Ursa Minor</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Lesser Bear</hi>). The lesser sheepfold.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Ursa Major</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Great Bear</hi>). The fold and the flock.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Argo</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Ship</hi>). The redeemed pilgrims safe at home.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='027'/><anchor id='Pg027'/>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHAPTER IV.<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Messiah's Consummated Triumph</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-LEO (<hi rend='italic'>The Lion</hi>). The Lion of the Tribe of Judah aroused for
-the rending of the Enemy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 1. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Hydra</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Serpent</hi>). That old Serpent—the Devil, destroyed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 2. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Crater</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Cup</hi>). The cup of Divine wrath poured out
-upon him.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-§ 3. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Corvus</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>The Crow, or Raven</hi>). Birds of prey devouring him.
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Such are the contents of this wondrous book that
-is written in the heavens. Thus has God been
-speaking and emphasizing and developing His first
-great prophetic promise of Gen. iii. 15.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Though for more than 2,500 years His people had
-not this Revelation written in a book as we now
-have it in the Bible, they were not left in ignorance
-and darkness as to God's purposes and counsels; nor
-were they without hope as to ultimate deliverance from
-all evil and from the Evil One.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Adam, who first heard that wondrous promise,
-repeated it, and gave it to his posterity as a most
-precious heritage—the ground of all their faith, the
-substance of all their hope, the object of all their desire.
-Seth and Enoch took it up. Enoch, we know, prophesied
-of the Lord's coming, saying, <q>Behold the
-Lord cometh with ten thousands of His saints to
-execute judgment upon all</q> (Jude 14). How could
-these <q>holy prophets, since the world began,</q> have
-recorded their prophecies better, or more effectually,
-<pb n='028'/><anchor id='Pg028'/>
-or more truthfully and powerfully, than in these star-pictures
-and their interpretation? This becomes a
-certainty when we remember the words of the Holy
-Spirit by Zacharias (Luke i. 67-70):—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Blessed be the Lord God of Israel;</q></l>
-<l>For He hath visited and redeemed His people,</l>
-<l>And hath raised up a horn of salvation for us</l>
-<l>In the house of His servant David;</l>
-<l>As He spake by the mouth of HIS HOLY PROPHETS</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>WHICH HAVE BEEN SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-The same truth is revealed through Peter, in
-Acts iii. 20, 21:—<q>He shall send Jesus Christ, which
-before was preached unto you; whom the heaven
-must receive until the times of restitution of all
-things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all
-HIS HOLY PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD
-BEGAN.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These words have new meaning for us, if we see
-the things which were spoken <q>since the world began,</q>
-thus written in the heavens, which utter speech (<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>
-prophecy), and show forth this knowledge day after
-day and night after night, the heritage of all the earth,
-and their words reaching unto the ends of the world.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This Revelation, coinciding as it does in all its
-facts and truths with that afterwards recorded <q>in
-the Volume of the Book,</q> must have had the same
-Divine origin, must have been made known by the
-inspiration of the same Holy Spirit.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We now proceed to compare the two, and we
-shall see how they agree at every point, proving that
-the source and origin of this Divine Revelation is one
-and the same.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='029'/><anchor id='Pg029'/>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>The First Book. The Redeemer.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-(<hi rend='italic'>His First Coming</hi>.)
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<q>The Sufferings of Christ.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The First Book is occupied with the PERSON of
-the Coming One. It covers the whole ground, and
-includes the conflict and the victory of the Promised
-Seed, but with special emphasis on His Coming.
-The book opens with the promise of His coming, and
-it closes with the Dragon cast down from heaven.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter I. The Sign VIRGO.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Promised Seed of the Woman</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-01.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 1: Virgo (the Virgin)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here is the commencement of all prophecy in
-Gen. iii. 15, spoken to the serpent:—<q>I will put
-enmity between thee and the woman, and between
-thy seed and her seed: it shall bruise thy head, and
-thou shalt bruise His heel.</q> This is the prophetic
-announcement which the Revelation in the heavens
-and in the Book is designed to unfold and develope.
-It lies at the root of all the ancient traditions and
-mythologies, which are simply the perversion and
-corruption of primitive truth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi> is represented as a woman with a <emph>branch</emph> in
-her right hand, and some ears of corn in her left hand.
-Thus giving a two-fold testimony of the Coming One.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='030'/><anchor id='Pg030'/>
-
-<p>
-The name of this sign in the Hebrew is <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Bethulah</foreign>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>a virgin</hi>, and in the Arabic <hi rend='italic'>a branch</hi>.
-The two words are connected, as in Latin—<foreign lang='la' rend='italic'>Virgo</foreign>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>a virgin</hi>; and <foreign lang='la' rend='italic'>virga</foreign>, which means <hi rend='italic'>a
-branch</hi> (Vulg. Isa. xi. 1). Another name is <foreign lang='ar' rend='italic'>Sunbul</foreign>,
-Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>an ear of corn</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Gen. iii. 15 she is presented only as a woman;
-but in later prophecies her nationality is defined as
-being of the stock of Israel, the seed of Abraham, the
-line of David; and, further, she is to be a virgin.
-There are two prominent prophecies of her and her
-seed: one is connected with the first coming in
-incarnation, Isa. vii. 14 (quoted in Matt. i. 23.)
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, a virgin shall conceive and bear a son,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And shall call his name Immanuel.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-The other is connected with His second coming,
-leaping over the sufferings and this present interval of
-His rejection, and looking forward to His coming in
-glory and judgment, Isa. ix. 6, 7 (quoted in Luke ii. 11
-and i. 32, 33)—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>For unto us a child is born,</q></l>
-<l>Unto us a son is given;<note place='foot'>Here, the fact of His humiliation, together with this long period of His rejection,
-is leaped over, and the prophecy passes on at once—over at least a period of 1893
-years—to this <q>glory which should follow.</q></note></l>
-<l>And the government shall be upon His shoulder;</l>
-<l>And His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor,</l>
-<l>The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.</l>
-<l>Of the increase of His government there shall be no end.</l>
-<pb n='031'/><anchor id='Pg031'/>
-<l>Upon the throne of David, and upon His kingdom,</l>
-<l>To order it, and to establish it</l>
-<l>With judgment and with justice</l>
-<l>From henceforth even for ever.</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It is difficult to separate the Virgin and her Seed
-in the prophecy, and so, here, we have first the sign
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi>, where the name points to her as the prominent
-subject; while in the first of the three constellations
-of this sign, where the woman appears again, the name
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Coma</hi> points to the child as the great subject.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='italic'>Virgo</hi> contains 110 stars, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, one of the 1st magnitude,
-six of the 3rd, ten of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> thus sings of them:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Beneath Boötes feet the Virgin seek,</q></l>
-<l>Who carries in her hand a glittering spike....</l>
-<l>Over her shoulder there revolves a star</l>
-<l>In the right wing, superlatively bright;<note place='foot'>ε, <hi rend='italic'>Al Mureddin</hi>.</note></l>
-<l>It rolls beneath the tail, and may compare</l>
-<l>With the bright stars that deck the Greater Bear.</l>
-<l>Upon her shoulder one bright star is borne,<note place='foot'>β, <hi rend='italic'>Zavijavah</hi>.</note></l>
-<l>One clasps the circling girdle of her loins,<note place='foot'>The star now marked δ.</note></l>
-<l>One at her bending knee;<note place='foot'>The star ζ.</note> and in her hand</l>
-<l>Glitters that bright and golden Ear of Corn.<note place='foot'>The star α, <hi rend='italic'>Al Zimach</hi>.</note></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Thus the brightest star in Virgo (α)<note place='foot'>The stars are known by Greek letters and sometimes by numbers, &c.
-Alpha (α) denotes a star of the <emph>first</emph> magnitude; Beta (β), the second, and so on.
-This plan was originated by Bayer in his <hi rend='italic'>Uranometria</hi>, 1603. The star <hi rend='italic'>Alpha</hi>, as
-seen in the New Great Equatorial Telescope recently set up at Greenwich, is now
-discovered to be really a <emph>double</emph> star, though it had hitherto always appeared to be <emph>one</emph>.</note> has an ancient
-name, handed down to us in all the star-maps, in which
-the Hebrew word (צֶמֶח) <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Tsemech</foreign> is preserved. It is
-<pb n='032'/><anchor id='Pg032'/>
-called in Arabic <hi rend='italic'>Al Zimach</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the branch</hi>.
-This star is in the ear of corn which she holds in her
-left hand. Hence the star has a modern Latin name,
-which has almost superseded the ancient one, <hi rend='italic'>Spica</hi>,
-which means, <hi rend='italic'>an ear of corn</hi>. But this hides the great
-truth revealed by its name <hi rend='italic'>Al Zimach</hi>. It foretold the
-coming of Him who should bear this name. The same
-Divine inspiration has, in the written Word, four times
-connected it with Him. There are twenty Hebrew
-words translated <q>Branch,</q> but only one of them
-(<hi rend='italic'>Tsemech</hi>) is used exclusively of the Messiah, and this
-word only four times.<note place='foot'>Jer. xxxiii. 15 being only a repetition of Jer. xxiii. 5.</note>Each of these further connects
-Him with one special account of Him, given in the
-Gospels.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-(1.) Jer. xxiii. 5, 6—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, the days come, saith the LORD,</q></l>
-<l>That I will raise unto David a righteous BRANCH</l>
-<l>(<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, a Son),</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And a KING shall reign and prosper.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-The account of His coming as King is written in the
-Gospel according to Matthew, where Jehovah says to
-Israel, <q>Behold thy KING.</q> (Zech. ix. 9; Matt. xxi. 9.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-(2.) Zech. iii. 8.—<q>Behold I will bring forth my
-SERVANT the BRANCH.</q> In the Gospel according
-to Mark we find the record of Jehovah's servant
-and His service, and we hear Jehovah's voice saying,
-<q>Behold my SERVANT.</q> (Isa. xlii. 1.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-(3.) Zech. vi. 12.—<q>Thus speaketh the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> of
-hosts, saying, Behold the MAN whose name is the
-<pb n='033'/><anchor id='Pg033'/>
-BRANCH.</q> In the Gospel according to Luke we
-behold Him, presented in <q>the MAN Christ Jesus.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-(4.) Isa. iv. 2.—<q>In that day shall the BRANCH of
-JEHOVAH be beautiful and glorious.</q> So that this
-Branch, this Son, is Jehovah Himself; and as we read
-the record of John we hear the voice from heaven
-saying, <q>Behold your GOD.</q> (Isa. xl. 9.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the Branch foretold by the star <hi rend='italic'>Al Zimach</hi>
-in the ear of corn.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star β is called <hi rend='italic'>Zavijaveh</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the
-gloriously beautiful</hi>, as in Isa. iv. 2. The star ε, in
-the arm bearing the branch, is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Mureddin</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>who shall come down</hi> (as in Ps. lxxii. 8),
-or <hi rend='italic'>who shall have dominion</hi>. It is also known as <hi rend='italic'>Vindemiatrix</hi>,
-a Chaldee word which means <hi rend='italic'>the son</hi>, or
-<hi rend='italic'>branch</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who cometh</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Other names of stars in the sign, not identified, are—
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='italic'>Subilah, who carries</hi>. (Isa. xlvi. 4.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='italic'>Al Azal, the Branch</hi>. (As in Isa. xviii. 5.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='italic'>Subilon, a spike of corn</hi>. (As in Isa. xvii. 5.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Greeks, ignorant of the Divine origin and
-teaching of the sign, represented Virgo as <hi rend='italic'>Ceres</hi>, with
-ears of corn in her hand.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt,
-about 2000 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> (now in Paris), she is likewise represented
-with a branch in her hand, but ignorantly explained
-by a false religion to represent <hi rend='italic'>Isis</hi>! Her
-name is called <hi rend='italic'>Aspolia</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>ears of corn</hi>, or
-<hi rend='italic'>the seed</hi>, which shows that though the woman is seen,
-it is her Seed who is the great subject of the prophecy.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='034'/><anchor id='Pg034'/>
-
-<p>
-Passing to the three constellations anciently assigned
-to the sign Virgo, we come to what may be
-compared to <emph>three sections</emph> of the chapter, each giving
-some further detail as to the interpretation of its
-teaching.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. COMA (The Woman and Child).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Desired of all Nations.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The first constellation in Virgo explains that this
-coming <q>Branch</q> will be a child, and that He should
-be the <q>Desire of all nations.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The ancient name of this constellation is <hi rend='italic'>Comah</hi>,<note place='foot'>From כָּמַה which occurs only in Ps. lxiii. 1, <q>my flesh <emph>longeth</emph> for thee.</q> It
-is akin to חָמַד, <hi rend='italic'>to desire</hi>. Ps. xix. 10; Is. liii. 2; Hag. ii. 7; etc.</note> <hi rend='italic'>the
-desired</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>the longed for</hi>. We have the word used by
-the Holy Spirit in this very connection, in Hag. ii. 7:
-<q>The DESIRE of all nations shall come.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-02.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 2: Coma (the Desired)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The ancient Zodiacs pictured this constellation
-as a woman with a child in her arms. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Albumazar</hi><note place='foot'>A Latin translation of his work is in the British Museum Library. He says the
-Persians understood these signs, but that the Indians perverted them with inventions.</note>
-(or <hi rend='smallcaps'>Abu Masher</hi>), an Arabian astronomer of the
-eighth century, says, <q>There arises in the first
-Decan,<note place='foot'>The constellations are called <hi rend='italic'>Decans</hi>. The word means <hi rend='italic'>a part</hi>, and is used
-of the three parts into which each sign is divided, each of which is occupied by
-a constellation.</note> as the Persians, Chaldeans, and Egyptians,
-and the two <hi rend='smallcaps'>Hermes</hi> and <hi rend='smallcaps'>Ascalius</hi> teach, <hi rend='italic'>a young
-woman</hi>, whose Persian name denotes a pure virgin,
-sitting on a throne, <hi rend='italic'>nourishing an infant boy</hi> (the boy,
-I say), having a Hebrew name, by some nations called
-<pb n='035'/><anchor id='Pg035'/>
-IHESU, with the signification IEZA, which in Greek
-is called CHRISTOS.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But this picture is not found in any of the <emph>modern</emph>
-maps of the stars. There we find to-day a woman's
-wig! It appears that <hi rend='smallcaps'>Berenice</hi>, the wife of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Euergetes</hi>
-(<hi rend='smallcaps'>Ptolemy</hi> III.), king of Egypt in the third century <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>,
-when her husband once went on a dangerous expedition,
-vowed to consecrate her fine head of hair to Venus
-if he returned in safety. Her hair, which was hung up
-in the Temple of Venus, was subsequently stolen, and
-to comfort <hi rend='smallcaps'>Berenice</hi>, <hi rend='smallcaps'>Conon</hi>, an astronomer of Alexandria
-(<hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 283-222), gave it out that Jupiter had
-taken it and made it a constellation!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is a good example of how the meaning of
-other constellations have been perverted (ignorantly or
-intentionally). In this case, as in others, the transition
-from ancient to more modern languages helped to
-hide the meaning. The Hebrew name was <hi rend='smallcaps'>Coma</hi>
-(<hi rend='italic'>desired</hi>). But the Greeks had a word for hair, <foreign lang='el' rend='italic'>Có-me</foreign>.
-This again is transferred to the Latin <foreign lang='la' rend='italic'>coma</foreign>, and
-thus <q><hi rend='italic'>Coma Berenicæ</hi></q> (<hi rend='italic'>the hair of Berenice</hi>) comes
-down to us to-day as the name of this constellation,
-and gives us a woman's wig instead of that Blessed
-One, <q>the Desire of all Nations.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In this case, however, we are able to give absolute
-proof that this is a perversion.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The ancient Egyptian name for this constellation
-was <hi rend='italic'>Shes-nu, the desired son</hi>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt,
-going back at least 2,000 years <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>, has no trace of
-any hair, but it has the figure of a woman and child.
-<pb n='036'/><anchor id='Pg036'/>
-In our illustration we have given a copy of this very
-ancient picture, and not the wig of hair!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We have been permitted to trace it from a work
-on <hi rend='italic'>Egyptian Scenery</hi> by the late eminent astronomer,
-Edward J. Cooper, of Markree Castle, co. Sligo,
-who visited that Temple in the year 1820 with an
-Italian artist, Signor Bossi. The original drawing from
-which our tracing is made (and enlarged) was drawn
-by Signor Bossi on the spot, before it was taken to
-Paris in 1821.<note place='foot'>It appears that MM. Saulnier, fils, and Lelorrain arrived while Signor Bossi was
-engaged in copying it, but concealed their design to remove it. The King of France
-paid £6,250 sterling for it. It has since been copied, and lithographs have been
-published.</note> We thus have before us the exact
-representations of one of these star-pictures at least
-4,000 years old.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Even Shakespeare understood the truth about this
-constellation picture, which has been so long covered
-by modern inventions. In his <hi rend='italic'>Titus Andronicus</hi><note place='foot'>Act IV., Scene 3.</note> he
-speaks of an arrow being shot up to heaven to the
-<q><hi rend='italic'>Good boy in Virgo's lap.</hi></q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The constellation itself is very remarkable. Others
-contain one or two stars of the first or second magnitude,
-and then a greater or less variety of lesser stars; but
-this is peculiar from having no one very bright star, but
-contains so many stars of the 4th and 5th magnitudes.
-It contains 43 stars altogether, ten being of the 4th
-magnitude, and the remainder of the 5th, 6th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It was in all probability the constellation of <hi rend='italic'>Coma</hi>
-in which <q>the Star of Bethlehem</q> appeared. There
-was a traditional prophecy, well-known in the East,
-<pb n='037'/><anchor id='Pg037'/>
-carefully preserved and handed down, that a new star
-would appear in this sign when He whom it foretold
-should be born.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This was, doubtless, referred to in the prophecy
-of Balaam, which would thus receive a double fulfilment,
-first of the literal <q>Star,</q> and also of the person
-to whom it referred. The Lord said by Balaam
-(Num. xxiv. 17),
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>There shall come<note place='foot'><hi rend='italic'>I.e.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>come forth</hi> (as in the <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>). <hi rend='italic'>At</hi>, as the preposition מ is rendered in
-Gen. iii. 24. <q>There shall come forth a star at or over the inheritance or possessions
-of Jacob,</q> thus indicating the locality which would be on the <emph>meridian</emph> of this star.</note> a star out of Jacob,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And a sceptre shall rise out of Israel.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Thomas Hyde, an eminent Orientalist (1636-1703),
-writing on the ancient religion of the Persians, quotes
-from <hi rend='smallcaps'>Abulfaragius</hi> (an Arab Christian Historian, 1226-1286),
-who says that <hi rend='smallcaps'>Zoroaster</hi>, or <hi rend='smallcaps'>Zerdusht</hi>, the
-Persian, was a pupil of Daniel the Prophet, and that he
-predicted to the Magians (who were the astronomers
-of Persia), that when they should see <emph>a new star</emph>
-appear it would notify the birth of a mysterious
-child, whom they were to adore. It is further stated
-in the <hi rend='italic'>Zend Avesta</hi> that this new star was to appear
-in the sign of the Virgin. Some have supposed that
-this passage is not genuine. But whether it was
-interpolated before or after the event, it is equally
-good evidence for our purpose here. For if it was
-written <emph>before</emph> the event, it is evidence of the <emph>prophetic
-announcement</emph>; and if it was interpolated <emph>after</emph> the
-event it is evidence of the <emph>historic fact</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Book of Job shows us how Astronomy flourished
-<pb n='038'/><anchor id='Pg038'/>
-in Idumea; and the Gospel according to Matthew
-shows that the Persian Magi, as well as others, were
-looking for <q>the Desire of all nations.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-New stars have appeared again and again. It was
-in 125 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> that a star, so bright as to be seen in
-the day-time, suddenly appeared. It was this that
-caused <hi rend='smallcaps'>Hipparchus</hi> to draw up his catalogue of stars,
-which has been handed down to us by <hi rend='smallcaps'>Ptolemy</hi>
-(150 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This new star would show the <emph>latitude</emph>, passing at
-that time immediately overhead at midnight, every
-twenty-four hours; while the prophecy would give
-the <emph>longitude</emph> as the land of Jacob. Having these
-two factors, it would be only a matter of observation,
-and easy for the Magi to find the place where it
-would be vertical, and thus to locate the very spot
-of the birth of Him of whom it was the sign, for
-they emphatically called it <q>His Star.</q> There is
-a beautiful tradition which relates how, in their
-difficulty, on their way from Jerusalem to find the
-actual spot under the <emph>Zenith</emph> of this star, these Magi
-sat down beside David's <q>Well of Bethlehem</q> to
-refresh themselves. There they saw the star reflected
-in the clear water of the well. Hence it is written
-that <q>when they saw the star they rejoiced with
-exceeding joy,</q> for they knew they were at the very
-spot and place of His appearing whence He was
-to <q>come forth.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There can be little doubt that it was <emph>a new star</emph>. In
-the first place a new star is no unusual phenomenon.
-In the second place the tradition is well supported by
-<pb n='039'/><anchor id='Pg039'/>
-ancient Christian writers. One speaks of its <q>surpassing
-brightness.</q> Another (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Ignatius</hi>, Bp. of Antioch,
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 69) says, <q>At the appearance of the Lord
-a star shone forth brighter than all the other stars.</q>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Ignatius</hi>, doubtless, had this from those who had
-actually seen it! <hi rend='smallcaps'>Prudentius</hi> (4th cent. <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>) says that
-not even the morning star was so fair. Archbishop
-Trench, who quotes these authorities, says <q>This
-star, I conceive, as so many ancients and moderns
-have done, to have been a new star in the heavens.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-One step more places this new star in the constellation
-of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Coma</hi>, and with new force makes it indeed
-<q>His star</q>—the <q>Sign</q> of His <q>coming forth from
-Bethlehem.</q> Will it be <q>the sign of the Son of Man
-in heaven</q> (Matt. xxiv. 30) when He shall <q>come
-unto</q> this world again to complete the wondrous
-prophecies written of Him in the heavenly and earthly
-Revelations?<note place='foot'>It ought also to be noted that in the preceding year there were three conjunctions
-of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, at the end of May and October, and at the beginning
-of December. Kepler (1571-1631) was the first to point this out, and his calculations
-have been confirmed by the highest authorities. These conjunctions occurred
-in the sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Pisces</hi>: and this sign, according to all the ancient Jewish authorities
-(Josephus, Abarbanel, Eliezer, and others), has special reference to <hi rend='italic'>Israel</hi>. The conjunction
-of Jupiter and Saturn, they hold, always marked the occurrence of some
-event <emph>favourable to Israel</emph>; while Kepler, calculating backwards, found that this
-astronomical phenomenon always coincided with some great historical crisis, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>:
-the Revelation to Adam, the birth of Enoch, the Revelation to Noah, the birth of
-Moses, the birth of Cyrus, the birth of Christ, the birth of Charlemagne, and the
-birth of Luther.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus does the constellation of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Coma</hi> reveal that
-the coming <q>Seed of the woman</q> was to be a child
-born, a son given.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But He was to be more: He was to be God and
-<pb n='040'/><anchor id='Pg040'/>
-man—two natures in one person! This is the lesson
-of the next picture.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. CENTAURUS (The Centaur).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Despised Sin-offering</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is the figure of a being with two natures.
-Jamieson, in his <hi rend='italic'>Celestial Atlas</hi>, 1822, says, <q>On the
-authority of the most accomplished Orientalist of our
-own times, the Arabic and Chaldaic name of this
-constellation is בזה.</q> Now this Hebrew word <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Bezeh</foreign>
-(and the Arabic <foreign lang='ar' rend='italic'>Al Beze</foreign>) means <hi rend='italic'>the despised</hi>. It is
-the very word used of this Divine sufferer in Isa. liii. 3,
-<q>He is <hi rend='smallcaps'>despised</hi> (נִבְזֶה) and rejected of men.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-03.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 3: Centaurus (the Centaur)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The constellation contains thirty-five stars. Two
-of the 1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, six of the 3rd,
-nine of the 4th, etc., which, together with the four
-bright stars in the Cross make a brilliant show in
-southern latitudes.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the horse's fore-foot), has
-come down to us with the ancient name of <hi rend='italic'>Toliman</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>the heretofore and hereafter</hi>, marking Him
-as the one <q>which is, and which was, and which is to
-come—the Almighty</q> (Rev. i. 8). Sir John Herschell
-observed this star to be growing rapidly brighter. It
-may be, therefore, one of the changeable stars, and
-its name may be taken as an indication of the fact
-that it was known to the ancients.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Another name for the constellation was in
-Hebrew, <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Asmeath</foreign>, which means a <hi rend='italic'>sin-offering</hi> (as in
-Isa. liii. 10).
-</p>
-
-<pb n='041'/><anchor id='Pg041'/>
-
-<p>
-The Greek name was <hi rend='italic'>Cheiron</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the
-pierced</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>who pierces</hi>. In the Greek fables <hi rend='italic'>Cheiron</hi>
-was renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine,
-music, athletics, and prophecy. All the most distinguished
-heroes of Greece are described as his pupils.
-He was supposed to be immortal, but he voluntarily
-agreed to die; and, wounded by a poisoned
-arrow (not intended for him) while in conflict with
-a wild boar, he transferred his immortality to Prometheus;
-whereupon he was placed amongst the
-stars.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We can easily see how this fable is the ignorant
-perversion of the primitive Revelation. The true
-tradition can be seen dimly through it, and we can
-discern Him of whom it spoke,—the all-wise, all-powerful
-Teacher and Prophet, who <q>went about
-doing good,</q> yet <q>despised and rejected of men,</q>
-laying down His life that others might live.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is one of the lowest of the constellations, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>
-the farthest south from the northern centre. It is
-situated immediately over the Cross, which bespeaks
-His own death; He is seen in the act of destroying
-the enemy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus these star-pictures tell us that it would be as
-a <emph>child</emph> that the <emph>Promised Seed</emph> should come forth and
-grow and wax strong in spirit and be filled with
-wisdom (Luke ii. 40); and that as a man having
-two natures He should suffer and die. Then the
-third and last section in this first chapter of this
-First Book goes on to tell of His second coming in
-glory.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='042'/><anchor id='Pg042'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf' level1='3. BOOTES (The Coming One).'/>
-<head>3. BOÖTES (The Coming One).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>He cometh</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This constellation still further develops this wondrous
-personage.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He is pictured as a man walking rapidly, with a
-spear in his right hand and a sickle in his left hand.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-04.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 4: Boötes (the Coming One)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Greeks called him <hi rend='italic'>Bo-ö-tes</hi>, which is from
-the Hebrew root <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Bo</foreign> (בּוֹא, <hi rend='italic'>to come</hi>), meaning <hi rend='italic'>the coming</hi>.
-It is referred to in Ps. xcvi. 13:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>For He cometh,</q></l>
-<l>For He cometh to judge the earth;</l>
-<l>He shall judge the world in righteousness,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And the people with His truth.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It it probable that his ancient name was <hi rend='italic'>Arcturus</hi><note place='foot'>The ancient name could not have been <hi rend='italic'>Boötes</hi>! though it is derived from, and
-may be a reminiscence of the Hebrew.</note>
-(as referred to in Job ix. 9), for this is the name of
-the brightest star, α (in the left knee). <hi rend='italic'>Arcturus</hi> means
-<hi rend='italic'>He cometh</hi>.<note place='foot'><p><hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> calls him <hi rend='italic'>Arctophylax</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, the guardian of Arctos, the flock of the
-greater fold, called to-day the Great Bear:—
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Behind, and seeming to urge on the Bear,<lb/>
-Arctophylax, on earth Boötes named,<lb/>
-Sheds o'er the Arctic car his silver light.</q>
-</p>
-<p>
-By some moderns he is mistakenly called <hi rend='italic'>The Waggoner</hi>. Hence the allusion of
-Thompson:—
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Wide o'er the spacious regions of the North,<lb/>
-Boötes urges on his tardy wain.</q>
-</p>
-<p>
-This perversion scarcely does justice even to human common sense, as waggoners
-do not use a sickle for a whip!</p>
-</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The ancient Egyptians called him <hi rend='italic'>Smat</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>one who rules</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>subdues</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>governs</hi>. They
-also called him <hi rend='italic'>Bau</hi> (a reminiscence of the more
-ancient <hi rend='italic'>Bo</hi>), which means also <hi rend='italic'>the coming one</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='043'/><anchor id='Pg043'/>
-
-<p>
-The star μ (in the spear-head) is named <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Katurops</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the branch</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>treading under foot</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star ε (just below the waist on his right
-side) is called <hi rend='italic'>Mirac</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Mizar</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Izar</hi>. <hi rend='italic'>Mirac</hi>
-means <hi rend='italic'>the coming forth as an arrow</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Mizar</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Izar</hi>,
-means <hi rend='italic'>the preserver</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>guarding</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star η is called <hi rend='italic'>Muphride</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>who separates</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star β (in the head) is named <hi rend='italic'>Nekkar</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>the pierced</hi> (Zech. xii. 10), which tells us that
-this coming judge is the One who was pierced.
-Another Hebrew name is <hi rend='italic'>Merga</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who bruises</hi>.<note place='foot'><p>The constellation is a very brilliant one, having 54 stars, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, one of the 1st
-magnitude, six of the 3rd, eleven of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-<p>
-The constellation of the <hi rend='italic'>Canes Venatici</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>the Greyhounds</hi>), <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, the two dogs
-(Asterion and Chara), which Boötes holds by a leash, is quite a modern invention,
-being added by Hevelius (1611-1687). The bright star of the 3rd magnitude in
-the neck of Chara, was named <q><hi rend='italic'>Cor Caroli</hi></q> (<hi rend='italic'>the heart of Charles</hi>) by Sir Charles
-Scarborough, physician to Charles II., in honour of Charles I., in 1649. This is a
-good example of the almost infinite distance between the ancient and modern names.
-The former are full of mysterious significance and grandeur, while the latter are
-puerile in the extreme, almost approaching to the comic! <hi rend='italic'>e.g.</hi>, the Air Pump, the
-Painter's Easel, the Telescope, the Triangle, the Fly, the Microscope, the Indian,
-the Fox and Goose, the Balloon, the Toucan (or American Goose), the Compasses,
-Charles's Oak, the Cat, the Clock, the Unicorn, &c. The vast difference can be at
-once seen between those designed by the ancients and those added by astronomers in
-more recent times.
-</p>
-<p>
-These new constellations were added, 22 by Hevelius (1611-1687); and 15 by
-Halley (1656-1742). They were formed for the purpose of embracing those stars
-which were not included in the ancient constellations. This shows that the old
-constellations were not designed, like the modern ones, merely for the sake of enabling
-astronomers to identify the positions of particular stars. In this case <emph>all</emph> the stars
-would have been included. <emph>The object was exactly the opposite</emph>! Instead of the
-pictures being designed to serve to identify the stars, only certain stars were used
-for the purpose of helping <emph>to identify the pictures</emph>!
-</p>
-<p>
-This is another important proof of the truth of our whole argument.</p></note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This brings us back again to Gen. iii. 15, and
-closes up this first chapter of the First Book (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi>).
-It shows us the <emph>Person</emph> of the Promised Seed from the
-beginning to the end, from the first promise of the
-birth of the Child in Bethlehem, to the final coming
-<pb n='044'/><anchor id='Pg044'/>
-of the great Judge and Harvester to reap the harvest
-of the earth. This was the vision which was afterwards
-shown to John (Rev. xiv. 15, 16), when he says,
-<q>I looked; and behold a white cloud, and upon the
-cloud one sat like unto the Son of Man, having on
-His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp
-sickle. And another angel came out of the temple,
-crying with a loud voice to Him that sat on the
-cloud, Thrust in thy sickle and reap; for the time
-is come for Thee to reap; for the harvest of the
-earth is ripe. And He that sat on the cloud thrust
-in His sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the conclusion of the <emph>first chapter</emph> of this
-First Book. Here we see the woman whose Seed is
-to bruise the serpent's head, the Virgin-Born, the
-Branch of Jehovah, perfect man and perfect God,
-Immanuel, <q>God with us,</q> yet despised and rejected
-of men, and yielding up His life that others may
-have life for evermore. But we see Him coming afterwards
-in triumphant power to judge the earth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is only one chapter of this First Book, but it
-contains the <emph>outline</emph> of the whole volume, complete in
-itself, so far as it regards the Person of the Coming
-One. Like the Book of Genesis, it is the seed-plot
-which contains the whole, all the rest being merely
-the development of the many grand details which
-are included and shut up within it. It is only one
-chapter out of twelve, but it distinctly foreshadows
-the end—even <q>the sufferings of Christ and the glory
-which should follow.</q>
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='045'/><anchor id='Pg045'/>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter II. The Sign LIBRA.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Redeemer's Atoning Work; or The Price deficient
-balanced by the Price which covers</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the first chapter of this book we saw that this
-Coming Seed of the woman was, among other things,
-to give up His life for others.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <emph>second</emph> chapter is going to define and develope
-the manner and object of this death.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The name of the Sign, together with its three
-constellations and the names of the stars composing
-them, give the complete picture of this Redemption.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-05.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 5: Libra (the Scales)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Sign contains 51 stars, two of which are of the
-2nd magnitude, one of the 3rd, eight of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew name is <hi rend='italic'>Mozanaim</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the Scales</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>weighing</hi>.
-Its name in Arabic is <hi rend='italic'>Al Zubena</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>purchase</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>redemption</hi>.
-In Coptic, it is <hi rend='italic'>Lambadia</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>station of propitiation</hi>
-(from <hi rend='italic'>Lam</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>graciousness</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>badia</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>branch</hi>). The
-name by which it has come down to us is the Latin,
-<hi rend='italic'>Libra</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>weighing</hi>, as used in the Vulgate
-(Isa. xl. 12).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Libra contains three bright stars whose names
-supply us with the whole matter. The brightest, α (in
-the lower scale), is named <hi rend='italic'>Zuben al Genubi</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>the purchase</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>price which is deficient</hi>. This
-<pb n='046'/><anchor id='Pg046'/>
-points to the fact that man has been utterly ruined.
-He is <q>weighed in the balances and found wanting.</q>
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>None of them can by any means redeem his brother,</q></l>
-<l>Nor give to God a ransom for him;</l>
-<l>For the redemption of their soul is costly,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And must be let alone for ever.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xlix. 7, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Surely men of low degree are vanity (Heb. <hi rend='italic'>a breath</hi>),</q></l>
-<l>And men of high degree are a lie;</l>
-<l>In the balances they go up;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>They are altogether lighter than vanity</q> (Heb. <hi rend='italic'>a breath</hi>).</l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. lxii. 9, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is the verdict pronounced and recorded by this
-star <hi rend='italic'>Zuben al Genubi</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Is there then no hope? Is there no one who can
-pay the price?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Yes; there is <q>the Seed of the woman.</q> He is not
-merely coming as a child, but He is coming as an
-atoning sacrifice.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He is coming for the purpose of Redemption! He
-can pay <emph>the price which covers</emph>! Hence in the upper
-scale we have another bright star with this very
-name <hi rend='italic'>Zuben al Chemali</hi>—THE PRICE WHICH
-COVERS! Praised be God! <q>They sang a new song,
-saying, Thou art worthy ... for Thou wast slain, and
-hast redeemed us to God by thy blood.</q> (Rev. v. 9.)
-This is the testimony of β, the second brightest
-star! It has another name, <hi rend='italic'>al Gubi</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>heaped up</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>high</hi>,
-telling of the infinite value of this redemption price.
-But there is a third star, γ, below, towards <hi rend='italic'>Centaurus</hi>
-and the <hi rend='italic'>Victim</hi> slain, telling, by that and by its name,
-of the <hi rend='italic'>conflict</hi> by which that redemption would be
-<pb n='047'/><anchor id='Pg047'/>
-accomplished. It is called <hi rend='italic'>Zuben Akrabi</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>Zuben
-al Akrab</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the price of the conflict</hi>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There is, however, some reason to suppose that
-Libra is a very ancient Egyptian corruption, bringing
-in human merit instead of Divine righteousness; <q>the
-way of Cain</q> instead of the way of God. In the more
-ancient Akkadian the months were called after the
-names of the signs,<note place='foot'>See quotation from Dr. Budge, on page <ref target='Pg012'>12</ref>.</note> and the sign of the seventh month
-is the sign that we now call Libra. The Akkadian
-name for it was <hi rend='italic'>Tulku</hi>. <hi rend='italic'>Tul</hi> means <hi rend='italic'>mound</hi> (like <hi rend='italic'>dhul</hi>
-and <hi rend='italic'>dul</hi>), and <hi rend='italic'>ku</hi> means <hi rend='italic'>sacred;</hi> hence, <hi rend='italic'>Tulku</hi> means
-<hi rend='italic'>the sacred mound</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>the holy altar</hi>.<note place='foot'>And certainly the symbol by which it is still known ♎ is more like the top of
-an altar (See <hi rend='italic'>Ara</hi>, Plate <ref target='Plate-xiv'>XIV</ref>.) than a pair of balances, to which we can trace no
-resemblance whatever. See Note in the Appendix.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Not only is the name and its meaning different, but
-the teaching is infinitely greater and more important, if
-we may believe that the original picture of this sign was
-not a pair of scales, but the representation of <emph>a holy
-altar</emph>. This would agree still better with the three constellations
-which follow.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The names of the stars would also be more appropriate,
-for it is the Sacrifice of Christ which they
-foreshadowed, and here it was that the price which
-covered was paid, and outweighed the price which
-was deficient. What that price was to be, and how
-it was to be paid, and what was to be the result in
-the Person of the Redeemer, is set forth in detail in
-the three sections of this chapter by the constellations
-of <hi rend='italic'>The Cross</hi> endured, <hi rend='italic'>The Victim</hi> slain, and <hi rend='italic'>The Crown</hi>
-bestowed.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='048'/><anchor id='Pg048'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. CRUX (The Cross).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Cross Endured</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew name was <hi rend='italic'>Adom</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>cutting
-off</hi>, as in Dan. ix. 26:—<q>After threescore and two
-weeks shall Messiah be cut off.</q> The last letter of
-the Hebrew alphabet was called <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Tau</foreign>, which was
-anciently made in the form of a cross. The ancient
-<hi rend='italic'>Phœnician</hi> was [Symbol: right-tilted cross]; the ancient <hi rend='italic'>Hebrew</hi>, as found on
-coins, was [Symbol: right-tilted cross] and [Symbol: vertical cross]; the <hi rend='italic'>Aramaic</hi>, as found on
-Egyptian monuments, was a transition [Symbol: tilted cross] or [Symbol: stretched cross], which
-passed into the present square Hebrew character ת.
-This letter is called <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Tau</foreign>, and means <hi rend='italic'>a mark</hi>; especially
-<hi rend='italic'>a boundary-mark, a limit or finish</hi>. And it is the
-last letter, which finishes the Hebrew alphabet to
-this day.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-06.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 6: Crux (the Cross)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Southern Cross was just visible in the latitude
-of Jerusalem at the time of the first coming of
-our Lord to die. Since then, through the gradual
-recession of the Polar Star, it has not been seen
-in northern latitudes. It gradually disappeared and
-became invisible at Jerusalem when the Real Sacrifice
-was offered there; and tradition, which preserved its
-memory, assured travellers that if they could go far
-enough south it would be again seen. Dante sang
-of <q>the four stars never beheld but by the early
-race of men.</q> It was not until the sixteenth century
-had dawned that missionaries and voyagers, doubling
-the Cape for the first time, and visiting the tropics
-and southern seas, brought back the news of <q>a
-<pb n='049'/><anchor id='Pg049'/>
-wonderful cross more glorious than all the constellations
-of the heavens.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is a small asterism, containing only about five
-stars, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd,
-one of the 3rd, and one of the 4th. Four of these are
-in the form of a cross.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Long before the Christian Era this sign of the
-Cross had lost its true meaning, and had been perverted
-in Babylon and Egypt as it has since been
-desecrated by Rome. The Persians and Egyptians
-worshipped it. The cakes made and eaten in honour
-of the Queen of Heaven were marked with it. This
-heathen custom Rome has adopted and adapted in
-her Good Friday cakes, which are thus stamped. But
-all are alike ignorant of what it means, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, <q>IT
-IS FINISHED.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Egypt, and in the earliest times, it was the
-sign and symbol of <emph>life</emph>. To-day, Romanists use it as
-the symbol of <emph>death</emph>! But it means <emph>life</emph>! Natural
-life given up, and eternal life procured. Atonement,
-finished, perfect, and complete; never to be repeated,
-or added to. All who partake of its benefits in
-Christ now, in grace, by faith <q>ARE made nigh by the
-blood of Christ</q> (Eph. ii. 13), and of them Jesus
-says, <q>He that heareth my voice, and believeth on
-Him that sent me HATH everlasting life, and shall
-not come into judgment; but IS PASSED from
-death unto life</q> (John v. 24). So perfect and complete
-is the work which Jesus finished on the Cross
-that we cannot seek to add even our repentance,
-faith, tears, or prayers, without practically asserting
-<pb n='050'/><anchor id='Pg050'/>
-that the work of Christ is not finished, and is not
-sufficient!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew names of this constellation—<hi rend='italic'>Adom</hi> and
-<hi rend='italic'>Tau</hi>—rebuke our Pharisaic spirit, which is the relic
-and essence of all false religions, and points to the
-blessed fact that the Sacrifice was offered <q>once
-for all,</q> and the atoning work of Redemption completely
-finished on Calvary.
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>'Tis finished! the Messiah dies!</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Cut off for sins, but not His own;</l>
-<l>Accomplished is the sacrifice,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>The great redeeming work is done.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-In the ancient Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah this
-first Decan of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Libra</hi> is represented as a lion with
-his tongue hanging out of his mouth, as if in thirst,
-and a female figure holding a cup out to him. Under
-his fore feet is the hieroglyphic symbol of running
-water. What is all this but <q>the Lion of the tribe
-of Judah</q> brought down <q>into the dust of death,</q>
-and saying <q>I am poured out like water ... my
-strength is dried up</q> (Ps. xxii. 13-18): <q>I thirst</q>
-(John xix. 28): <q>and in my thirst they gave me
-vinegar to drink</q> (Ps. lxix. 21)?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Egyptian name of this Lion, however, points to
-his ultimate triumph, for it is called <hi rend='italic'>Sera</hi>, that is, <hi rend='italic'>victory</hi>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This brings us to—
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. LUPUS or VICTIMA (The Victim).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Victim Slain.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its modern name is <hi rend='italic'>Lupus</hi> (a wolf), because it looks
-like one. It may be any animal. The great point
-<pb n='051'/><anchor id='Pg051'/>
-of this ancient constellation is that the animal has been
-<emph>slain</emph>, and is in the act of falling down dead.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-07.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 7: Lupus or Victima the VICTIM Slain</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its Greek name is <hi rend='italic'>Thera</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>a beast</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>Lycos</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>a
-wolf</hi>. Its Latin name is <hi rend='italic'>Victima</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Bestia</hi> (Vulg.
-Gen. viii. 17), which sufficiently indicates the great
-lesson. This is confirmed by its ancient Hebrew
-name, <hi rend='italic'>Asedah</hi>, and Arabic <hi rend='italic'>Asedaton</hi>, which both mean
-<hi rend='italic'>to be slain</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-More than 22 of its stars have been catalogued.
-None of them are higher than the 4th magnitude;
-most of them are of the 5th or 6th.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-True, He was <q>by wicked hands crucified and
-slain,</q> but He is slain here by the Centaur, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> by
-Himself! To make it perfectly clear that it was His
-own act (without which His death would lose all
-merit), He uttered those solemn words: <q>I lay down
-my life for the sheep.... No man taketh it from
-me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to
-lay it down, and I have power to take it again</q>
-(John x. 15-18). He <q>offered Himself without spot
-to God.</q> <q>He put away sin by the sacrifice of
-Himself</q> (Heb. ix. 11, 26).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah He is pictured
-as a little child with its finger on its lips, and He is
-called <hi rend='italic'>Sura</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>a lamb</hi>! In other pictures He has, besides,
-the horn of a goat on one side of His head. All this
-pointed to one and the same great fact, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, the development
-and explanation of what was meant by
-<hi rend='italic'>the bruising of His heel</hi>! It meant that this Promised
-<pb n='052'/><anchor id='Pg052'/>
-Seed of the woman should come as a child, that He
-should suffer, and die upon the Cross, for
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>He was brought as a lamb to the slaughter;</q></l>
-<l>And as a sheep before her shearers is dumb;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>SO HE opened not his mouth.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. liii. 7.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Hence, the constellation prefigures a silent, willing sacrifice—Christ
-Jesus, who, <q>being found in fashion as a
-man, humbled Himself, and became obedient unto
-death, even the death of the Cross</q> (Phil. ii. 5-8).
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. CORONA (The Crown).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Crown Bestowed.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>Wherefore God also hath highly exalted Him,
-and given Him a name which is above every name,
-that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is what is foreshown by this concluding section
-of the second chapter. Each chapter ends with glory.
-As in the written Word of God, we frequently have the
-glory of the Second Coming mentioned without any
-allusions to the sufferings of the First Coming, but we
-never have the First Coming in humiliation mentioned
-without an immediate reference to the glory of the
-Second Coming.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-So here, the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Cross</hi> is closely followed by the
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Crown</hi>! True, <q>we see not yet all things put under
-Him, but we see Jesus ... for the suffering of
-death crowned with glory and honour</q> (Heb. ii. 9).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Yes, <q>the crowning day is coming,</q> and all heaven
-shall soon resound with the triumphant song, <q>Thou
-<pb n='053'/><anchor id='Pg053'/>
-art worthy, ... for Thou wast slain and hast redeemed
-us to God by Thy blood</q> (Rev. v. 9).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The shameful Cross will be followed by a glorious
-crown, and <q>every tongue shall confess that Jesus.
-Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.</q>
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Mighty Victor, reign for ever,</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Wear the crown so dearly won;</l>
-<l>Never shall Thy people, never</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Cease to sing what Thou hast done.</l>
-<l>Thou hast fought Thy people's foes;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Thou wilt heal Thy people's woes!</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew name for the constellation is <hi rend='italic'>Atarah</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>a royal crown</hi>, and its stars are known to-day in the East
-by the plural, <hi rend='italic'>Ataroth!</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its Arabic name is <hi rend='italic'>Al Iclil</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>an ornament</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>jewel</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-08.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 8: CORONA (the Crown)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It has 21 stars: one of the 2nd magnitude and
-six of the 4th. It is easily known by the stars θ, β,
-α, γ, δ, and ε, which form a crescent.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its brightest star, α, has the Arabic name of <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Phecca</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the shining</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus ends this solemn chapter of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Libra</hi>, which
-describes the great work of Redemption, beginning
-with the Cross and ending with the Crown. The
-Redeemer's work of Atonement is most blessedly set
-forth, and He alone is seen as the substitute for lost
-sinners.
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>What wondrous love, what mysteries</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>In this appointment shine!</l>
-<l>My breaches of the law are His,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>And His obedience mine.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='054'/><anchor id='Pg054'/>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter III. The Sign SCORPIO.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Redeemer's Conflict</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We come now right into the heart of the conflict.
-The star-picture brings before us a gigantic scorpion
-endeavouring to sting in the heel a mighty man who
-is struggling with a serpent, but is crushed by the
-man, who has his foot placed right on the scorpion's
-heart.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew name is <hi rend='italic'>Akrab</hi>, which is the name
-of a scorpion, but also means <hi rend='italic'>the conflict</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>war</hi>. It
-is this that is referred to in Ps. xci. 13:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder.</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-David uses the very word in Ps. cxliv. 1, where he
-blesses God for teaching his hands <emph>to war</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Coptic name is <hi rend='italic'>Isidis</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the attack of
-the enemy</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>oppression</hi>; referring to <q>the wicked that
-oppress me, my deadly enemies who compass me
-about</q> (Ps. xvii. 9).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Arabic name is <hi rend='italic'>Al Akrab</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>wounding him that cometh</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-09.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 9: SCORPIO (the Scorpion)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 44 stars altogether in this sign. One
-is of the 1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, eleven of the
-3rd, eight of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='055'/><anchor id='Pg055'/>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the heart), bears the
-ancient Arabic name of <hi rend='italic'>Antares</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the
-wounding</hi>. It is called by the Latins <hi rend='italic'>Cor Scorpii</hi>, because
-it marks the scorpion's heart. It shines ominously
-with a deep red light. The sting is called
-in Hebrew <hi rend='italic'>Lesath</hi> (Chaldee, <hi rend='italic'>Lesha</hi>), which means <hi rend='italic'>the
-perverse</hi>. The stars in the tail are also known as
-<hi rend='italic'>Leshaa</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Leshat</hi>.<note place='foot'><hi rend='italic'>Antares</hi> seems also to have been known as <hi rend='italic'>Lesath</hi>.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The scorpion is a deadly enemy (as we learn from
-Rev. ix), with poison in its sting, and all the names
-associated with the sign combine to set forth the malignant
-enmity which is <q>set</q> between the serpent and
-the woman's Seed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-That enmity is shown more fully in the written
-Word, where we see the attempt of the enemy (in
-Exod. i.) to destroy every male of the seed of Abraham,
-and how it was defeated.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We see his effort repeated when he used Athaliah
-to destroy <q>all the seed royal</q> (2 Kings xi.), and how
-<q>the king's son</q> was rescued <q>from among</q> the
-slain.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We see his hand again instigating Haman, <q>the
-Jews' enemy,</q> to compass the destruction of the whole
-nation, but defeated in his designs.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When the woman's Seed, the virgin's Son, was born,
-we are shown the same great enemy inciting Herod to
-slay all the babes in Bethlehem (Matt. ii.), but again he
-is defeated.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='056'/><anchor id='Pg056'/>
-
-<p>
-In the wilderness of Judæa, and in the Garden of
-Gethsemane the great conflict is renewed. <q>This is
-your hour and the power of darkness,</q><note place='foot'>Luke xxii. 53: comp. Col. i. 13 and Eph. vi. 12.</note> He said to His
-enemies.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The real wounding in the heel was received at the
-Cross. It was there the scorpion struck the woman's
-seed. He died, but was raised again from the dead
-<q>to destroy the works of the devil.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To show us this; to prevent any mistake; to set
-forth the fact that this conflict only <emph>apparently</emph> ended in
-defeat, and that it did not really so end, we have the
-first two constellations belonging to this sign presented
-<emph>in one picture</emph>! Indeed, the picture is threefold, for it
-includes the sign itself (as shown on the cover)!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If these pictures had been separated, then the
-conflict would have been separated from the victory;
-the deadly wound of the serpent's head from the
-temporary wound in the Victor's heel. Hence, <emph>three</emph>
-pictures are required, in which the <emph>scorpion</emph>, the <emph>serpent</emph>,
-and the <emph>man</emph>, are all involved, in order to present at
-the same time the triumphant issue of the conflict.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Hence, we must present, and consider together, the
-first two sections of this mysterious chapter.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1 and 2. SERPENS and OPHIUCHUS.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Struggle with the Enemy.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here, <hi rend='italic'>Serpens</hi>, the serpent, is seen struggling vainly
-in the powerful grasp of the man who is named
-<hi rend='italic'>O-phi-u-chus</hi>. In Latin he is called Serpentarius.
-<pb n='057'/><anchor id='Pg057'/>
-He is at one and the same moment shown to be
-seizing the serpent with his two hands, and treading
-on the very heart of the scorpion, marked by the deep
-red star <hi rend='italic'>Antares</hi> (wounding).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Just as we read the first constellation of the
-woman and child <hi rend='italic'>Coma</hi>, as expounding the first sign
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi>, so we have to read this first constellation
-as expounding the second sign <hi rend='smallcaps'>Libra</hi>. Hence, we
-have here a further picture, showing the object of
-this conflict on the part of the scorpion.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Scorpio we see merely the effort to wound
-<hi rend='italic'>Ophiuchus</hi> in the heel; but here we see the effort of
-the serpent to seize <hi rend='smallcaps'>the Crown</hi>, which is situated
-immediately over the serpent's head, and to which
-he is looking up and reaching forth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The contest is for Dominion! It was the Devil,
-in the form of a serpent, that robbed the first man
-of his crown; but in vain he struggled to wrest it
-from the sure possession of the Second Man. Not
-only does he fail in the attempt, but is himself
-utterly defeated and trodden under foot.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-10.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 10: SERPENS (the Serpent) and OPHIUCHUS (the Serpent Holder)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are no less than 134 stars in these two
-constellations. Two are of the 2nd magnitude, fourteen
-of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star in the Serpent, α (in the neck),
-is named <hi rend='italic'>Unuk</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>encompassing</hi>. Another
-Hebrew name is <hi rend='italic'>Alyah</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the accursed</hi>. From this is
-<hi rend='italic'>Al Hay</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the reptile</hi>. The next brightest star
-is β (in the jaw), named, in Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>Cheleb</hi>, or
-<hi rend='italic'>Chelbalrai, the serpent enfolding</hi>. The Greek name,
-<pb n='058'/><anchor id='Pg058'/>
-<hi rend='italic'>Ophiuchus</hi>, is itself from the Hebrew and Arabic name
-<hi rend='italic'>Afeichus</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the serpent held</hi>. The brightest
-star in <hi rend='italic'>Ophiuchus</hi>, α (in the head), is called <hi rend='italic'>Ras al
-Hagus</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the head of him who holds</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Other Hebrew names of stars, not identified, are
-<hi rend='italic'>Triophas</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>treading under foot</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Saiph</hi> (in the foot<note place='foot'>In 1604 a new star appeared in the eastern foot of Ophiuchus, but disappeared
-again in 1605.</note> of
-Ophiuchus), <hi rend='italic'>bruised</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Carnebus</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the wounding</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Megeros</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>contending</hi>.<note place='foot'>There is an ancient Greek fable which calls Ophiuchus Æsculapius, the son of
-Apollo. Having restored Hippolytus to life, he was everywhere worshipped as the
-god of health, and hence the serpent entwined around him is, to this day, the symbol
-of the medical art! This, however, is, doubtless, another perversion of the primitive
-truth that the Coming One in overcoming the serpent, should become the great healer
-of all the sorrows of the world, and cause all its groanings to cease.</note> In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a
-throned human figure, called <hi rend='italic'>Api-bau</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the chief who
-cometh</hi>. He has a hawk's head to show that he is
-the enemy of the serpent, which is called <hi rend='italic'>Khu</hi>, and
-means <hi rend='italic'>ruled</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>enemy</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-All these combine to set before us in detail the
-nature of the conflict and its final issue. That final
-issue is, however, exhibited by the last of the three
-constellations of this chapter. The Victor Himself
-requires a whole picture to fully set forth the glorious
-victory. This brings us to—
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. HERCULES (The Mighty Man).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Mighty Vanquisher.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here the mighty one, who occupies a large portion
-of the heavens, is seen bending on one knee, with
-his right heel lifted up as if it had been wounded,
-<pb n='059'/><anchor id='Pg059'/>
-while his left foot is set directly over the head of the
-great dragon. In his right hand he wields a great
-club, and in his left hand he grasps a triple-headed
-monster (<hi rend='italic'>Cerberus</hi>). And he has the skin of a lion,
-which he has slain, thrown around him.<note place='foot'><hi rend='italic'>Cerberus</hi>, or the serpent with three heads, was placed by Hevelius (1611-1687)
-by the side of Hercules. Bayer had previously placed the apple branch in his hand.
-This was symbolical of the golden apples of <hi rend='italic'>Hesperides</hi>, which he obtained by killing
-the three-headed <hi rend='italic'>hydra</hi>, by whom they were guarded. In our picture these are combined,
-and a bow and quiver added from other ancient authorities.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a human
-figure, likewise with a club. His name is <hi rend='italic'>Bau</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>who cometh</hi>, and is evidently intended
-for Him who cometh to crush the serpent's head,
-and <q>destroy the works of the devil.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Arabic he is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Giscale, the strong one</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-11.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 11: HERCULES (the Mighty One)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 113 stars in this constellation. Seven
-are of the 3rd magnitude, seventeen of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in his head), is named
-<hi rend='italic'>Ras al Gethi</hi>, and means <hi rend='italic'>the head of him who bruises</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The next, β (in the right arm-pit), is named
-<hi rend='italic'>Kornephorus</hi>, and means <hi rend='italic'>the branch, kneeling</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star κ (in the right elbow) is called <hi rend='italic'>Marsic</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the wounding</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star λ (in the upper part of the left arm) is
-named <hi rend='italic'>Ma'asyn</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the sin-offering</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-While ω (in the lower part of the right arm) is
-<hi rend='italic'>Caiam</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Guiam</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>punishing</hi>; and in Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>treading
-under foot</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='060'/><anchor id='Pg060'/>
-
-<p>
-Thus does everything in the picture combine to
-set forth the mighty works of this stronger than the
-strong man armed!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We can easily see how the perversion of the truth
-by the Greeks came about, and how, when the true
-foreshadowings of this Mighty One had been lost, the
-many fables were invented to supply their place.
-The wiser sort of Greeks knew this perfectly well.
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aristotle</hi> (in his <hi rend='italic'>Metaphysics</hi>, x. 8) admits, with
-regard to Greek mythology, that religion and philosophy
-had been lost, and that much had been
-<q>added after the mythical style,</q> while much had
-come down, and <q>may have been preserved to our
-times as the remains of ancient wisdom.</q> Religion,
-such as it was (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Polybius</hi> confesses), was recognised
-as a <q>necessary means to political ends.</q> <hi rend='smallcaps'>Neander</hi>
-says that it was <q>the fragments of a tradition, which
-transmitted the knowledge of divine things possessed
-in the earliest times.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> shews the same uncertainty as to the
-meaning of this Constellation of <hi rend='italic'>Hercules</hi>. He says:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Near this, and like a toiling man, revolves</q></l>
-<l>A form. Of it can no one clearly speak,</l>
-<l>Nor what he labours at. They call him simply</l>
-<l><q rend='none'><q>The man upon his knees</q></q>: In desperate struggle</l>
-<l>Like one who sinks, he seems. From both his shoulders</l>
-<l>His arms are high-uplifted and out-stretched</l>
-<l>As far as he can reach; and his right foot</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Is planted on the coiléd Dragon's head.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Ancient authorities differ as to the personality of
-Hercules, and they disagree as to the number, nature,
-and order of what are sometimes called <q>the twelve
-<pb n='061'/><anchor id='Pg061'/>
-labours of Hercules.</q> But there is no doubt as to
-the mighty foretold works which the woman's Seed
-should perform.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-From first to last Hercules is seen engaged in
-destroying some malignant foe: now it is the Nemean
-lion; then it is the slaying of the boar of Erymanthus;
-again, it is the conquest of the bull of Crete; then the
-killing of the three-headed hydra, by whose venom
-Hercules afterwards died. In the belly of the sea
-monster he is said to have remained <q>three days
-and three nights.</q> This was, doubtless, a perversion
-of the type of Jonah, introduced by <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lycophron</hi>, who
-(living at the court of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Ptolemy Philadelphus</hi>, under
-whose auspices the Hebrew Scriptures were translated
-into Greek) would have known of that Divine
-miracle, and of its application to the Coming One.
-Bishop Horsley believed that the fables of the Greek
-mythology could be traced back to the prophecies
-of the Messiah, of which they were a perversion
-from ignorance or design. This is specially true of
-Hercules. In his apparently impossible tasks of overthrowing
-gigantic enemies and delivering captives,
-we can see through the shadow, and discern the pure
-light of the truth. We can understand how the
-original star-picture must have been a prophetic representation
-of Him who shall destroy the Old Serpent
-and open the way again, not to fabled <q>apples of
-gold,</q> but to the <q>tree of life</q> itself. He it is who
-though suffering in the mighty conflict, and brought
-to His knee, going down even to <q>the dust of death,</q>
-shall yet, in resurrection and advent glory, wield His
-<pb n='062'/><anchor id='Pg062'/>
-victorious club, subdue all His enemies, and plant
-His foot on the Dragon's head. For of Him it is
-written:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder;</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The young lion and the dragon shalt Thou trample under foot.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xci. 13.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Come, Lord, and burst the captives' chains,</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And set the prisoners free;</l>
-<l>Come, cleanse this earth from all its stains,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And make it meet for Thee!</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Oh, come and end Creation's groans—</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Its sighs, its tears, its blood,</l>
-<l>And make this blighted world again</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>The dwelling-place of God.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter IV. The Sign SAGITTARIUS.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Redeemer's Triumph.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the concluding chapter of the first great
-book of this Heavenly Revelation; and it is occupied
-wholly with the triumph of the Coming One, who is represented
-as going forth <q>conquering and to conquer.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The subject is beautifully set forth in the written
-Word (Ps. xlv. 3-5):—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Gird Thy sword upon Thy thigh, O most mighty,</q></l>
-<l>[<hi rend='italic'>Gird Thyself</hi>] with Thy glory and Thy majesty,</l>
-<l>And in Thy majesty ride prosperously,</l>
-<l>Because of truth, and meekness, and righteousness;</l>
-<l>And Thy right hand shall teach Thee terrible things.</l>
-<l>Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the King's enemies;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Whereby the people fall under Thee.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='063'/><anchor id='Pg063'/>
-
-<p>
-John, in his apocalyptic vision, sees the same
-mighty Conqueror going forth. <q>I saw (he says) a
-white horse, and He that sat on him had a bow, ...
-and He went forth conquering and to conquer</q>
-(Rev. vi. 2).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is precisely what is foreshadowed in the
-star-pictured sign now called by the modern Latin
-name <hi rend='italic'>Sagittarius</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the Archer</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew and Syriac name of the sign is
-<hi rend='italic'>Kesith</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the Archer</hi> (as in Gen. xxi. 20).
-The Arabic name is <hi rend='italic'>Al Kaus</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the arrow</hi>. In Coptic
-it is <hi rend='italic'>Pimacre</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the graciousness</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>beauty of the coming
-forth</hi>. In Greek it is <hi rend='italic'>Toxotes</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the archer</hi>, and in Latin
-<hi rend='italic'>Sagittarius</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-12.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 12: SAGITTARIUS (the Archer)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 69 stars in the sign, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, five of the
-3rd magnitude (all in the bow), nine of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The names of the brightest stars are significant:—
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Hebrew, <hi rend='italic'>Naim</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the gracious one</hi>. This
-is exactly what is said of this Victor in the same
-Psalm (xlv.), in the words immediately preceding the
-quotation above (verse 2):
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>GRACE is poured into Thy lips;</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Therefore God hath blessed Thee for ever.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Hebrew, <hi rend='italic'>Nehushta</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the going</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>sending forth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We see the same in the Arabic names which have
-come down to us: <hi rend='italic'>Al Naim</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the gracious one</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Shaula</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the dart</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al Warida</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who comes forth</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Ruchba
-er rami</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the riding of the bowman</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-An ancient Akkadian name in the sign is <hi rend='italic'>Nun-ki</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>Prince of the Earth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='064'/><anchor id='Pg064'/>
-
-<p>
-Again we have the picture of <hi rend='italic'>a Centaur</hi> as to his
-outward form, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> a being with two natures. Not
-now far down in the south, or connected with His
-sufferings and sacrifice as man; but high up, as a
-sign of the Zodiac itself, on the ecliptic, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> in the
-very path in which the sun <q>rejoiceth in his going
-forth as a strong man.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-According to Grecian fable, this Sagittarius is
-<hi rend='italic'>Cheiron</hi>, the chief Centaur; noble in character,
-righteous in his dealings, divine in his power.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Such will be the coming Seed of the woman in
-His power and glory:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The sceptre of Thy kingdom is a right sceptre.</q></l>
-<l>Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Therefore God, Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xlv. 6, 7.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah he is called
-(as in Coptic) <hi rend='italic'>Pi-macre</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='italic'>graciousness, beauty of the
-appearing</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>coming forth</hi>. The characters under the
-hind foot read <hi rend='italic'>Knem</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>He conquers</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is He who shall come forth like as an arrow
-from the bow, <q>full of grace,</q> but <q>conquering and
-to conquer.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In all the pictures he is similarly represented,
-and the arrow in his bow is aimed directly at the
-heart of the Scorpion.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> sang of <hi rend='italic'>Cheiron</hi>:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>'Midst golden stars he stands refulgent now,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And thrusts the scorpion with his bended bow.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='065'/><anchor id='Pg065'/>
-
-<p>
-In this Archer we see a faint reflection of Him
-who shall presently come forth, all gracious, all wise,
-all powerful; whose arrows shall be <q>sharp in the
-heart of the King's enemies.</q>
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>God shall shoot at them with an arrow;</q></l>
-<l>Suddenly shall they be wounded.</l>
-<l>So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves;</l>
-<l>All that see them shall flee away.</l>
-<l>And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God;</l>
-<l>For they shall wisely consider of His doing.</l>
-<l>The righteous shall be glad in the Lord, and shall trust in Him;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And all the upright in heart shall glory.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. lxiv. 7-10.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Christ is coming! let Creation</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>From her groans and travail cease;</l>
-<l>Let the glorious proclamation</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Hope restore, and faith increase.</l>
-<l>Christ is coming,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>Come, thou blessed Prince of peace.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This brings us to the first of the three constellations
-or sections of this chapter, which takes up
-this subject of praise to the Conqueror.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. LYRA (The Harp).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Praise prepared for the Conqueror.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>Praise waiteth for thee, O God, in Zion</q>
-(Ps. lxv. 1). And when the waiting time is over,
-and the Redeemer comes forth, then the praise shall
-be given. <q>We give Thee thanks, O Lord God, the
-Almighty, which art, and which wast, because thou
-<pb n='066'/><anchor id='Pg066'/>
-hast taken to Thee Thy great power, and didst reign</q>
-(Rev. xi. 17, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>). <q>Let us be glad and rejoice and
-give honour unto Him</q> (Rev. xix. 7). The Twenty-first
-Psalm should be read here, as it tells of the
-bursting forth of praise on the going forth of this
-all-gracious Conqueror.
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The King shall rejoice in Thy strength, O <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>;</q></l>
-<l>And in Thy salvation how greatly shall He rejoice!...</l>
-<l>Thine hand shall find out all Thine enemies;</l>
-<l>Thy right hand shall find out all that hate thee....</l>
-<l>Their fruit shalt Thou destroy from the earth;</l>
-<l>And their seed from among the children of men.</l>
-<l>For they intended evil against Thee;</l>
-<l>They imagined a mischievous device which they are not able to perform,</l>
-<l>Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back (Heb. <hi rend='italic'>Margin, <q>set them as a butt</q></hi>),</l>
-<l>When Thou shalt make ready Thine arrows upon Thy strings</l>
-<l>[<hi rend='italic'>And shoot them</hi>] against the face of them.</l>
-<l>Be thou exalted, <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, in thine own strength;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>SO WILL WE SING AND PRAISE THY POWER.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xxi. 1, 8, 10-13.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Beautifully, then, does <emph>the harp</emph> come in here,
-following upon the going forth of this victorious
-Horseman. This Song of the Lamb follows as
-naturally as does the Song of Moses in Ex. xv. 1:
-<q>I will sing unto the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, for He hath triumphed
-gloriously.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-13.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 13: LYRA (the Harp)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its brightest star, α, is one of the most glorious
-in the heavens, and by it this constellation may
-be easily known. It shines with a splendid white
-lustre. It is called <hi rend='italic'>Vega</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>He shall be
-exalted</hi>. Its root occurs in the opening of the Song
-<pb n='067'/><anchor id='Pg067'/>
-of Moses, quoted above. Is not this wonderfully
-expressive?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its other stars, β and γ, are also conspicuous stars,
-of the 2nd and 4th magnitude. β is called <hi rend='italic'>Shelyuk</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>an eagle</hi> (as does the Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>Al Nesr</hi>);
-γ is called <hi rend='italic'>Sulaphat</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>springing up</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>ascending</hi>, as
-praise.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Zodiac of Denderah, this constellation is
-figured as a hawk or an eagle (the enemy of the
-serpent) in triumph. Its name is <hi rend='italic'>Fent-kar</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>the serpent ruled</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There may be some confusion between the Hebrew
-נֶשֶׁר, <hi rend='italic'>Nesher</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>an eagle</hi>, and עָשׂוֹר, <hi rend='italic'>Gnasor</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>a harp</hi>;<note place='foot'>In our picture we have combined the two great thoughts, taking the <emph>harp</emph> from
-a picture dug up at Herculaneum, and adding an eagle soaring up with it.</note> but
-there can be no doubt about the grand central truth,
-that praise shall ascend up <q>as an eagle toward
-heaven,</q> when <q>every creature which is in heaven, and
-on the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that is
-in them,</q> shall send up their universal song of praise:
-<q>Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be
-unto Him that sitteth upon the throne and unto the
-Lamb for ever and ever. Amen</q> (Rev. v. 13, 14).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And for what is all this wondrous anthem of
-Praise? Listen once again. <q>Alleluia:<note place='foot'><p>This is the first time that the word <q>Alleluia</q> occurs in the New Testament,
-and it is praise for judgment executed.
-</p>
-<p>
-Where is its first occurrence in the Old Testament? In Ps. civ. 35, where we
-have the very same solemn and significant connection:—
-</p>
-<p>
-<q>Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth,<lb/>
-And let the wicked be no more.<lb/>
-Bless thou the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, O my soul,<lb/>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Hallelujah</hi> (Praise ye the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>).</q>
-</p></note> Salvation,
-and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord our
-<pb n='068'/><anchor id='Pg068'/>
-God; for TRUE AND RIGHTEOUS ARE HIS
-JUDGMENTS.... And again they said Alleluia</q>
-(Rev. xix. 1-3).
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l>With <q>that blessed hope</q> before us,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Let no <hi rend='smallcaps'>harp</hi> remain unstrung,</l>
-<l>Let the coming advent chorus</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Onward roll from tongue to tongue, Hallelujah,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q>Come, Lord Jesus,</q> quickly come.</l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This brings us to—
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. ARA (The Altar).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Consuming Fire Prepared for His Enemies.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here we have an altar or burning pyre, placed
-significantly and ominously upside down! with its
-fires burning and pointing downwards towards the
-lower regions, called <hi rend='italic'>Tartarus</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>the abyss</hi>, or <q>outer-darkness.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <anchor id='Plate-xiv'/>
- <figure url='images/plate-14.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 14: ARA (the Altar)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is an asterism with nine stars, of which three
-are of the 3rd magnitude, four of the 4th, etc.
-It is south of the Scorpion's tail, and when these
-constellations were first formed it was visible only on
-the very lowest horizon of the south, pointing to the
-completion of all judgment in the lake of fire.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a different
-picture, giving us another aspect of the same judgment.
-It is a man enthroned, with a flail in his
-hand. His name is <hi rend='italic'>Bau</hi>, the same name as
-<hi rend='italic'>Hercules</hi> has, and means <hi rend='italic'>He cometh</hi>. It is from
-the Hebrew בּוֹא (<foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>Bōh</foreign>), <hi rend='italic'>to come</hi>, as in Isa. lxiii. 1:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Who is this that cometh from Edom,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>With dyed garments from Bozrah.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='069'/><anchor id='Pg069'/>
-
-<p>
-This is a coming in judgment, as is clear from
-reason given in verse 4:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart,</q></l>
-<l>And the year of My redeemed is come.</l>
-<l>And I looked, and there was none to help;</l>
-<l>And I wondered that there was none to uphold;</l>
-<l>Therefore Mine own arm brought salvation,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And My fury, it upheld Me.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lxiii. 4, 5.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-The completion of judgment, therefore, is what is
-pictured both by the burning pyre and the Coming
-One enthroned, with his threshing instrument.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Arabic it is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Mugamra</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>the completing</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>finishing</hi>. The Greeks used the
-word <hi rend='italic'>Ara</hi> sometimes in the sense of <hi rend='italic'>praying</hi>, but
-more frequently in the sense of <hi rend='italic'>imprecation</hi> or
-<hi rend='italic'>cursing</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the curse pronounced against the great
-enemy. This is the burning fire, pointing to the
-<emph>completion</emph> of that curse, when he shall be cast into
-that everlasting fire <q>prepared for the devil and his
-angels.</q> This is the allusion to it written in the
-midst of the very Scripture from which we have
-already quoted (p. <ref target='Pg066'>66</ref>), Ps. xxi., where we read in
-verse 9 (which we then omitted):—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of Thine anger:</q></l>
-<l>The Lord shall swallow them up in His wrath;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And the fire shall devour them.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This brings us to the final scene, closing up this
-first great book of the Heavens.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='070'/><anchor id='Pg070'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. DRACO (The Dragon).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Old Serpent, or the Devil, cast down from
-Heaven.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Each of the three great books concludes with
-this same foreshowing of Apocalyptic truth. The
-same great enemy is referred to in all these pictures.
-He is the Serpent; he is the Dragon; <q>the great
-dragon, that old serpent, called the Devil and Satan</q>
-(Rev. xii. 9). The Serpent represents him as the
-<hi rend='italic'>Deceiver</hi>; the Dragon, as the <hi rend='italic'>Destroyer</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This <emph>First</emph> Book concludes with the Dragon being
-cast down from heaven.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <emph>Second</emph> Book concludes with <hi rend='italic'>Cetus</hi>, the Sea
-Monster, Leviathan, bound.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <emph>Third</emph> Book concludes with Hydra, the Old
-Serpent, destroyed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here, at the close of the <emph>First</emph> Book, we see not
-merely a dragon, but the Dragon <emph>cast down</emph>! That
-is the point of this great star-picture.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-No one has ever seen a dragon; but among all
-nations (especially in China and Japan), and in all
-ages, we find it described and depicted in legend
-and in art. Both Old and New Testaments refer
-to it, and all unite in connecting with it one and
-the same great enemy of God and man.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is against him that the God-Man—<q>the Son
-of God—goes forth to war.</q> It is for him that the
-<pb n='071'/><anchor id='Pg071'/>
-eternal fires are prepared. It is he who shall
-shortly be cast down from the heavens preparatory
-to his completed judgment. It is of him we read,
-<q>The great dragon was cast out, that old serpent,
-called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the
-whole world: he was cast out and his angels with
-him. And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven,
-Now is come salvation, and strength, and the
-kingdom of our God, and the power of His Christ;
-for the accuser of our brethren is cast down</q> (Rev.
-xii. 9, 10).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is of him that David sings:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>God is my king of old,</q></l>
-<l>Working salvation in the midst of the earth ...</l>
-<l>Thou brakest the heads of the dragons in the waters.</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Thou brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Of him also the Spirit causes Isaiah to say, <q>In
-that day, shall this song be sung in the land of
-Judah</q>;—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>In that day the Lord, with his sore, and great, and strong sword,</q></l>
-<l>Shall punish leviathan the piercing (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi> swift) serpent,</l>
-<l>Even leviathan that crooked serpent;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xxvi. 1; xxvii. 1.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is exactly what is foreshadowed by this
-constellation of <hi rend='italic'>Draco</hi>. Its name is from the
-Greek, and means <hi rend='italic'>trodden on</hi>, as in the Septuagint of
-Ps. xci. 13: <q>The dragon shalt thou trample under
-feet,</q> from the Hebrew דָּרַךְ, <hi rend='italic'>Dahrach</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>to tread</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='072'/><anchor id='Pg072'/>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-15.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 15: DRACO (the Dragon Cast down)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Zodiac of Denderah it is shown as a
-serpent under the fore-feet of Sagittarius, and is
-named <hi rend='italic'>Her-fent</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the serpent accursed</hi>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 80 stars in the constellation; four
-of the 2nd magnitude, seven of the 3rd magnitude,
-ten of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in one of the latter coils),
-is named <hi rend='italic'>Thuban</hi> (Heb.), <hi rend='italic'>the subtle</hi>. Some 4,620
-years ago it was the Polar Star. It is manifest,
-therefore, that the Greeks could not have invented
-this constellation, as is confessed by all modern
-astronomers. It is still a very important star in
-nautical reckonings, guiding the commerce of the
-seas, and thus <q>the god of this world</q> is represented
-as winding in his contortions round the pole
-of the world, as if to indicate his subtle influence
-in all worldly affairs.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The next star, β (in the head), is called by the
-Hebrew name <hi rend='italic'>Rastaban</hi>, and means <hi rend='italic'>the head of the
-subtle</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>serpent</hi>). In the Arabic it is still called <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Waid</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>who is to be destroyed</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The next star, γ (also in the head), is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Ethanin</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the long serpent</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>dragon</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew names of other stars, not identified,
-are <hi rend='italic'>Grumian</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the subtle</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Giansar</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the punished enemy</hi>.
-Other (Arabic) names are <hi rend='italic'>Al Dib</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the reptile</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>El
-Athik</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the fraudful</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>El Asieh</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the bowed down</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And thus the combined testimony of every star
-(without a single exception) of each constellation,
-<pb n='073'/><anchor id='Pg073'/>
-and the constellations of each sign, accords with
-the testimony of the Word of God concerning the
-coming Seed of the woman, the bruising of His
-heel, the crushing of the serpent's head, <q>the sufferings
-of Christ, and the glory which should follow.</q>
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>From far I see the glorious day,</q></l>
-<l>When He who bore our sins away,</l>
-<l>Will all His majesty display.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>A Man of Sorrows once He was,</l>
-<l>No friend was found to plead His cause,</l>
-<l>As all preferred the world's applause.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>He groaned beneath sin's awful load,</l>
-<l>For in the sinner's place He stood,</l>
-<l>And died to bring him back to God.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>But now He waits, with glory crowned.</l>
-<l>While angel hosts His throne surround,</l>
-<l>And still His lofty praises sound.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>To few on earth His name is dear,</l>
-<l>And they who in His cause appear,</l>
-<l>The world's reproach and scorn must bear</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Jesus, Thy name is all my boast,</l>
-<l>And though by waves of trouble tossed,</l>
-<l>Thou wilt not let my soul be lost.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come then, come quickly from above,</l>
-<l>My soul impatient longs to prove,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The depths of everlasting love.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='074'/><anchor id='Pg074'/>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>The Second Book. The Redeemed.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Result of the Redeemer's Sufferings.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the <emph>First</emph> Book we have had before us the
-work of the Redeemer set forth as it concerned
-His own glorious person. In this <emph>Second</emph> Book it
-is presented to us as it affects others. Here we
-see the <emph>results</emph> of His humiliation, and conflict, and
-victory—<q>The sufferings of Christ</q> and the blessings
-they procured for His redeemed people.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Chapter I. we have the Blessings procured.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Chapter II. their Blessings ensured.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Chapter III. their Blessings in abeyance.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Chapter IV. their Blessings enjoyed.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter I. The Sign CAPRICORNUS (The Sea Goat).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Goat of Atonement Slain for the Redeemed.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is most noteworthy that this Second Book
-opens with the Goat, and closes with the Ram:
-two animals of sacrifice; while the two middle
-<pb n='075'/><anchor id='Pg075'/>
-chapters are both connected with fishes.<note place='foot'>There is a fish tail here. The third Decan of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Capricornus</hi> is a fish
-(<hi rend='italic'>Delphinus</hi>). There is again a fish (<hi rend='italic'>Piscis Australis</hi>) in the next sign (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aquarius</hi>),
-and then the following sign is <hi rend='smallcaps'>Pisces</hi>, or the Fishes. So that the Redeemed
-Multitudes are presented throughout this Second Book.</note> The
-reason for this we shall see as we proceed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Both are combined in the first chapter, or
-<q>Sign</q> of Capricornus.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In all the ancient Zodiacs, or Planispheres, we
-find a goat with a fish's tail. In the Zodiacs of
-Denderah and Esneh, in Egypt, it is half-goat and
-half-fish, and it is there called <hi rend='italic'>Hu-penius</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>the place of the sacrifice</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Indian Zodiac it is a goat <foreign rend='italic'>passant</foreign> traversed
-by a fish.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There can be no doubt as to the significance
-of this sign.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Goat we have the Atoning Sacrifice, in
-the Fish we have the people for whom the atonement
-is made. When we come to the sign
-<q><hi rend='smallcaps'>Pisces</hi></q> we shall see more clearly that it points
-to the <emph>multitudes</emph> of the redeemed host.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Goat is bowing its head as though falling
-down in death. The right leg is folded underneath
-the body, and he seems unable to rise with
-the left. The tail of the fish, on the other hand,
-seems to be full of vigour and life.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew name of the sign is <hi rend='italic'>Gedi</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the kid</hi>
-or <hi rend='italic'>cut off</hi>, the same as the Arabic <hi rend='italic'>Al Gedi</hi>. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Capricornus</hi>
-is merely the modern (Latin) name of the
-sign, and means <hi rend='italic'>goat</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='076'/><anchor id='Pg076'/>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-16.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 16: CAPRICORNUS (the Goat)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 51 stars in the sign, three of which
-are of the 3rd magnitude, three of the 4th, etc.
-Five are remarkable stars, α and β in the horn and
-head, and the remaining three, γ, δ, and ε, in
-the fishy tail. The star α is named <hi rend='italic'>Al Gedi</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the kid</hi>
-or <hi rend='italic'>goat</hi>, while the star δ is called <hi rend='italic'>Deneb Al Gedi</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the sacrifice cometh</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Other star-names in the sign, not identified, are
-<hi rend='italic'>Dabih</hi> (Syriac), <hi rend='italic'>the sacrifice slain</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al Dabik</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Dehabeh</hi> (Arabic) have the same meaning; <hi rend='italic'>Ma'asad</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the slaying</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Sa'ad al Naschira</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the record of the
-cutting off</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Is not this exactly in accord with the Scriptures
-of truth? There were two goats! Of <q>the
-<emph>goat</emph> of the sin-offering</q> it is written, <q>God hath
-given it to you to bear the iniquity of the congregation,
-to make atonement for them before the
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi></q> (Lev. x. 16, 17): of the other goat, which
-was not slain, <q>he shall let it go into the wilderness</q>
-(Lev. xvi. 22). Here is death and resurrection.
-Christ was <q>wounded for our transgressions,
-and bruised for our iniquities.</q> <q>For the transgression
-of MY PEOPLE was He stricken</q> (Isa. liii.).
-He laid down His life for the sheep.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the first chapter of the <emph>First</emph> Book we had
-the same Blessed One presented as <q>a corn of
-wheat.</q> Here we see Him come to <q>die,</q> and
-hence not abiding alone, but bringing forth <q>much
-fruit</q> (John xii. 24). The living fish proceeds from
-the dying goat, and yet they form only one body.
-<pb n='077'/><anchor id='Pg077'/>
-That picture, which has no parallel in nature, has
-a perfectly true counterpart in grace; and <q>a great
-multitude, which no man can number,</q> have been
-redeemed and shall obtain eternal life through the
-death of their Redeemer.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is, however, not merely the actual death which
-is set before us here. The <emph>first</emph> chapter <emph>in each
-book</emph> has for its great subject <emph>the Person</emph> of the
-Redeemer in <emph>prophecy</emph> and promise. The <emph>last</emph> chapter
-in each book has for its subject the fulfilment of that
-prophecy in victory and triumph, in the Person of the
-Redeemer: while the two <emph>central</emph> chapters <emph>in each</emph> book
-are occupied with <emph>the work</emph> which is the accomplishment
-of the promise, presented in two aspects—the
-former connected with <emph>grace</emph>, the latter with <emph>conflict</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus the <emph>structure</emph> of each of the three books is
-an <foreign rend='italic'>epanodos</foreign>, having for its first and last members
-the Person of the Redeemer (in <q>A</q> in <emph>Prophecy</emph>;
-in <q><hi rend='italic'>A</hi></q> in <emph>Fulfilment</emph>), while in the two central
-members we have the work and its accomplishment
-(in <q>B</q> <emph>in grace</emph>; and in <q><hi rend='italic'>B</hi></q> <emph>in conflict</emph>).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It may be thus presented to the eye:—
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The First Book.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l>A | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo.</hi> The Prophecy of the Bruised Seed.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'>B | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Libra.</hi> The work accomplished (in <emph>grace</emph>).</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'><hi rend='italic'>B</hi> | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Scorpio.</hi> The work accomplished (in <emph>conflict</emph>.)</l>
-<l><hi rend='italic'>A</hi> | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Sagittarius.</hi> The fulfillment of the promised victory.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<pb n='078'/><anchor id='Pg078'/>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Second Book.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l>C | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Capricornus.</hi> The Prophecy of the Promised Deliverance.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'>D | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aquarius.</hi> Results of the work bestowed
-(in grace).</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'><hi rend='italic'>D</hi> | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Pisces.</hi> Results of the work enjoyed
-(in conflict).</l>
-<l><hi rend='italic'>C</hi> | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries.</hi> The Fulfilment of the Promised Deliverance.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Third Book.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l>E | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Taurus.</hi> The Prophecy of the coming Judge
-of all the earth.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'>F | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Gemini.</hi> The Redeemer's reign.
-(Grace and Glory).</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'><hi rend='italic'>F</hi> | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Cancer.</hi> The Redeemer's possession
-(safe from all conflict).</l>
-<l><hi rend='italic'>E</hi> | <hi rend='smallcaps'>Leo.</hi> The fulfilment of the promised Triumph.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-Hence in <hi rend='smallcaps'>Capricornus</hi> we must look for the <emph>prophecy</emph>
-of this Coming Sacrifice. As a matter of fact
-it did actually point out the time when the Sun
-of Righteousness should arise, and <q>the Light of
-the World</q> appear. For when this Promised Seed
-was born the Sun <emph>was actually in this sign of Capricornus</emph>!
-<q>The fulness of time was come,</q> and
-<q>God sent forth His Son TO REDEEM them
-that were under the Law</q> (Gal. iv. 4). The Sun
-was really amongst those very stars—<hi rend='italic'>Al Gedi</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the
-kid</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>Deneb Al Gedi</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the sacrifice cometh</hi>—when this
-willing Sacrifice said, <q>Lo I come to do Thy will,
-O God.</q> The nights were at their darkest and
-<pb n='079'/><anchor id='Pg079'/>
-their longest when Jesus was born. The days began
-immediately to lengthen when He, <q>the true light,</q>
-had come into the world.<note place='foot'>When we come to the last chapter of this book we shall see that the
-Sun was in the sign of the other sacrificial animal, <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>, at the very hour of the
-Crucifixion. And <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi> sets before us the victory of <q>the Lamb that was slain.</q></note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Astronomers confess that the perverted legends
-of the Greeks give but <q>a lame account</q> of this
-sign, <q>and it offers no illustration of <emph>its ancient
-origin</emph>.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its ancient origin reveals a prophetic knowledge,
-which only He possessed who knew that in <q>the
-fulness of time</q> He would send forth His Son.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We now come to the three constellations which
-give us three pictures setting forth the death of this
-Sacrifice and of His living again.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. SAGITTA (The Arrow).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Arrow of God sent forth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is not the Arrow of Sagittarius, for that has
-not left his bow. That arrow is for the enemies
-of God. This is for the Son of God. It was of
-this that He spoke when He said, in Ps. xxxviii. 2:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thine arrows stick fast in me,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And Thy hand presseth me sore.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-He was <q>stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted,
-He was wounded for our transgressions</q> (Isa. liii.
-4, 5). He was <q>pierced,</q> when He could say
-with Job, <q>The arrows of the Almighty are within
-me</q> (vi. 4).
-</p>
-
-<pb n='080'/><anchor id='Pg080'/>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-17.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 17: SAGITTA (the Arrow), AQUILA (the Eagle), DELPHINUS (the Dolphin)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here the arrow is pictured to us in mid-heaven,
-alone, as having been shot forth by an invisible
-hand. It is seen in its flight through the heavens.
-It is the arrow of God, showing that Redemption
-is all of God. It was <q>the will of God</q> which
-Jesus came to do. Not a mere work of mercy for
-miserable sinners, but a work ordained in eternity
-past, for the glory of God in eternity future.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the record of the Word, and this is
-what is pictured for us here. The work which the
-arrow accomplishes is seen in the dying Goat, and
-in the falling Eagle.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are many other stars in the heavens in
-a straighter line, which would better serve for an
-arrow. Why are these stars chosen? Why is the
-arrow placed here? What explanation can be given,
-except that the Revelation in the stars and in
-the Book are both from the inspiration of the
-same Spirit?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are about 18 stars, of which four are of
-the 4th magnitude. Only γ and δ are in the same
-line, while the shaft passes between α and β.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew name is <hi rend='italic'>Sham</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>destroying</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>desolate</hi>.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. AQUILA (The Eagle).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Smitten One Falling.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here we have an additional picture of the effect
-of this arrow, in the pierced, wounded, and falling
-Eagle, gasping in its dying struggle. And that
-<pb n='081'/><anchor id='Pg081'/>
-pierced, wounded, and dying Saviour whom it represents,
-after saying, in Ps. xxxviii. 2, <q>Thine arrows
-stick fast in Me,</q> added, in verse 10:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>My heart panteth, My strength faileth Me,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>As for the light of Mine eyes it is gone from Me.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(See also Zech. xiii. 6.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-The names of the stars, all of them, bear out
-this representation. The constellation contains 74
-stars. The brightest of them, α (in the Eagle's
-neck), is a notable star of the 1st magnitude, called
-<hi rend='italic'>Al Tair</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the wounding</hi>. The star β (in the
-throat) is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Shain</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the bright</hi>, from
-a Hebrew root meaning <hi rend='italic'>scarlet coloured</hi>, as in Josh.
-ii. 18. The star γ (in the back) is called <hi rend='italic'>Tarared</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>wounded</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>torn</hi>. δ (in the lower wing) is named
-<hi rend='italic'>Alcair</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the piercing</hi>, and ε (in the tail),
-<hi rend='italic'>Al Okal</hi>, has the significant meaning <hi rend='italic'>wounded in
-the heel</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-How can the united testimony of these names
-be explained except by acknowledging a Divine
-origin? even that of Him who afterwards foretold
-of the bruising of the Virgin's Son in the written
-Word; yea, of Him <q>who telleth the number of
-the stars and giveth them all their names.</q>
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. DELPHINUS (The Dolphin).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Dead One Rising again.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is a bright cluster of 18 stars, five of
-which are of the 3rd magnitude. It is easily distinguished
-by the four brightest, which are in the
-head.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='082'/><anchor id='Pg082'/>
-
-<p>
-It is always figured as a fish full of life, and
-always with the head upwards, just as the eagle
-is always with the head downwards. The great
-peculiar characteristic of the dolphin is its rising
-up, leaping, and springing out of the sea.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When we compare this with the dying goat and
-falling eagle, what conclusion can we come to but
-that we have here the filling in of the picture, and
-the completion of the whole truth set forth in Capricornus?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Jesus <q>died and rose again.</q> Apart from His resurrection
-His death is without result. In His conflict
-with the enemy it is only His coming again in glory
-which is shown forth. But here, in connection with
-His people, with the multitudes of His redeemed,
-Resurrection is the great and important truth. He
-is <q>the first-fruits of them that slept</q>; then He,
-too, is here represented as a fish. He who went
-down into the waters of death for His people; He
-who could say <q>All thy waves and thy billows are
-gone over me</q> (Ps. xlii. 7), He it is who rises up
-again from the dead, having died on account of the
-sins of His redeemed, and risen again on account of
-their justification (Rom. iv. 25).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the picture here. In the Persian planisphere
-there seems to be a fish and a stream of
-water. The Egyptian has a vessel pouring out
-water.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The ancient names connected with this constellation
-are <hi rend='italic'>Dalaph</hi> (Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>pouring out of water</hi>;
-<pb n='083'/><anchor id='Pg083'/>
-<hi rend='italic'>Dalaph</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>coming quickly;</hi> <hi rend='italic'>Scalooin</hi> (Arabic),
-<hi rend='italic'>swift (as the flow of water); Rotaneb</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>Rotaneu</hi>
-(Syriac and Chaldee), <hi rend='italic'>swiftly running</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus, in this first chapter of the Second Book
-we see the great truth of Revelation set forth; and
-we learn how the great Blessings of Redemption
-were procured. This truth cannot be more eloquently
-or powerfully presented than in the language
-of Dr. Seiss:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<p>
-<q>This strange goat-fish, dying in its head, but living in its
-afterpart—falling as an eagle pierced and wounded by the
-arrow of death, but springing up from the dark waves with
-the matchless vigour and beauty of the dolphin—sinking under
-sin's condemnation, but rising again as sin's conqueror—developing
-new life out of death, and heralding a new springtime
-out of December's long drear nights—was framed by no
-blind chance of man. The story which it tells is the old, old
-story on which hangs the only availing hope that ever came,
-or ever can come, to Adam's race. To what it signifies we
-are for ever shut up as the only saving faith. In that dying
-Seed of the woman we must see our sin-bearer and the atonement
-for our guilt, or die ourselves unpardoned and unsanctified.
-Through His death and bloodshedding we must find our life,
-or the true life, which alone is life, we never can have.</q>
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Complete atonement Thou hast made,</q></l>
-<l>And to the utmost farthing paid</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Whate'er Thy people owed:</l>
-<l>Nor can His wrath on me take place,</l>
-<l>If sheltered in His righteousness,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And sprinkled with the blood.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>If my discharge Thou hast procured,</l>
-<l>And freely in my room endured</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The whole of wrath divine,</l>
-<l>Payment God cannot twice demand,</l>
-<l>First at my bleeding Surety's hand,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And then again at mine.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<pb n='084'/><anchor id='Pg084'/>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Turn, then, my soul, unto Thy rest;</l>
-<l>The merits of Thy great High Priest</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Have bought thy liberty;</l>
-<l>Trust in His efficacious blood,</l>
-<l>Nor fear thy banishment from God,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>Since Jesus died for thee.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter II. The Sign AQUARIUS (The Water Bearer).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Their Blessings Ensured, or the Living Waters of
-Blessing Poured Forth for the Redeemed.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Atonement being made, the blessings have been
-procured, and now they can be bestowed and poured
-forth upon the Redeemed. This is the truth, whether
-we think of Abel's lamb, of patriarchal sacrifices,
-the offerings under the Law, or of that great Sacrifice
-of which they all testified. They all with one voice
-tell us that atonement made is the only foundation
-of blessing.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This was pictured and foreshown in the heavens
-from the beginning, by a man pouring forth water
-from an urn which seems to have an inexhaustible
-supply, and which flows forth downwards into the
-mouth of a fish, which receives it and drinks it
-all up.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah it is the same
-idea, though the man holds two urns, and the fish
-below seems to have come out of the urn. The
-<pb n='085'/><anchor id='Pg085'/>
-man is called <hi rend='italic'>Hupei Tirion</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the place
-of him coming down</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>poured forth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In some eastern Zodiacs the Urn alone appears.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <anchor id='Plate-18'/>
- <figure url='images/plate-18.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 18: AQUARIUS (the Water Bearer) & PISCIS AUSTRALIS (the Southern Fish)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This agrees with its other names—Hebrew, <hi rend='italic'>Deli</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the water-urn</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>bucket</hi> (as in Num. xxiv. 7); the
-Arabic <hi rend='italic'>Delu</hi> is the same.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 108 stars in this Sign, four of which
-are of the 3rd magnitude. Their names, as far as
-they have come down to us, are significant.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star α (in the right shoulder) is called <hi rend='italic'>Sa'ad
-al Melik</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the record of the pouring forth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star β (in the other shoulder) is called <hi rend='italic'>Saad
-al Sund</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who goeth and returneth</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>the pourer out</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The bright star δ (in the lower part of the right
-leg) is well-known to-day by its Hebrew name <hi rend='italic'>Scheat</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>who goeth and returneth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The bright star in the urn has an Egyptian
-name—<hi rend='italic'>Mon</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>Meon</hi>, which means simply <hi rend='italic'>an urn</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Aquarius is the modern Latin name by which
-the sign is known. It has the same meaning, <hi rend='italic'>the
-pourer forth of water</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Can we doubt what is the interpretation of this
-sign? The Greeks, not knowing Him of whom it
-testified, were, like the woman of Samaria, destitute
-of that living water which He alone can give. They
-therefore invented some story about <hi rend='italic'>Deucalion</hi>, the
-son of Prometheus; and another, saying he is <hi rend='italic'>Ganymede</hi>,
-Jove's cup-bearer! But, as an astronomer
-says, <q>We must account otherwise for the origin of
-this name; for it is not possible to reconcile the
-<pb n='086'/><anchor id='Pg086'/>
-symbols of the eleventh<note place='foot'>The eleventh, because everyone begins to reckon from <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>, and not as
-we have done from <hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi>, as shown by the riddle of the Sphinx. See page <ref target='Pg020'>20</ref>.</note> sign with Grecian mythology.</q>
-No! we must go further back than that,
-and not cramp our vision, and distort the Scriptures,
-by confining our thoughts to <q>the Church.</q> The
-Church is nowhere seen in these Signs, as she is
-nowhere revealed in the Old Testament. This we
-shall enlarge on when we come to the sign Pisces.
-Meanwhile we must read the witness of the stars
-as if there had been no Church!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Christ is first. Yea, He is all in all. The
-Scriptures testify of Him; and the very stars in this
-Sign tell of His going away and His coming again.
-These prophetic signs have to do with Him, with
-the Atonement He wrought, with the conflict He
-endured, with the blessings He secured, with the
-victory He shall win, and the triumph He shall
-have. For it is written:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>He shall pour the water out of His buckets,</q></l>
-<l>And His seed shall be in many waters,</l>
-<l>And His king shall be higher than Agag,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And His kingdom shall be exalted.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Num. xxiv. 7.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It tells of that glorious day when
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>A King shall reign in righteousness;</q></l>
-<l>And princes shall rule in judgment;</l>
-<l>And a MAN shall be as an hiding place</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>from the wind,</l>
-<l>And a covert from the tempest;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>As RIVERS of WATER in a dry place.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xxxii. 1, 2).
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='087'/><anchor id='Pg087'/>
-
-<p>
-It speaks of that glorious time when Israel shall
-be restored, and their <q>eyes shall see the King in
-His beauty</q>; when the peace of Zion shall be no
-more disturbed, <q>but there the glorious <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> will
-be unto us a place of broad rivers and streams</q>
-(Isa. xxxiii. 17, 20, 21). Then
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad
-for them;</q></l>
-<l>And the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose,</l>
-<l>For in the wilderness shall waters break out,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And streams in the desert.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xxxv. 1, 6.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>I will open rivers in high places,</q></l>
-<l>And fountains in the midst of the valleys;</l>
-<l>I will make the wilderness a pool of water,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And the dry land springs of water.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xli. 18.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Fear not, O Jacob, My servant;</q></l>
-<l>And thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen,</l>
-<l>For I will <hi rend='smallcaps'>POUR WATER</hi> upon him that is thirsty,</l>
-<l>And floods upon the dry ground;</l>
-<l>I will pour My Spirit upon thy seed,</l>
-<l>And My blessing upon thy offspring.</l>
-<l>Thus saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> the King of Israel,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And his Redeemer the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> of hosts.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xliv. 2, 3, 6.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is the meaning of the Sign. The MAN
-Christ Jesus, who was humbled in death will yet
-be seen to be the pourer forth of every blessing.
-<emph>Physically</emph> pouring forth literal waters, removing the
-curse, and turning this world into a paradise:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Making her wilderness like Eden,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And her desert like the garden of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. li. 3.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-And <emph>morally</emph> pouring forth His Spirit in such abundance
-as to fill the whole earth with peace, and
-blessing, and glory, <q>as the waters cover the sea.</q>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='088'/><anchor id='Pg088'/>
-
-<p>
-Upon Israel restored He will pour out His blessing.
-They will be sprinkled with clean water, and
-possess a new heart and a new spirit (Ezek. xxxvi.
-24-28; Joel ii. 28-32).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Such are some of the Scriptures which tell of
-this glorious Water-pourer. We need not rob Christ
-of His glory, or Israel of her blessing, in order to
-see in all this Pentecost or the Church. These
-are quite independent of the great line of prophetic
-truth. They are parenthetical, and distinct, and
-true, quite apart from the glorious prophecies of
-Israel's scattering and gathering. The physical
-marvels referred to in the texts above can never
-be satisfied or exhausted by any spiritual fulfilment.
-We may make an <emph>application</emph> of them as far as is
-consistent with the teaching of the epistles; but the
-<emph>interpretation</emph> of them belongs to the Person of Christ,
-and the nation of Israel. That interpretation is
-pictured for us in the Sign, and in its three constellations.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (The Southern Fish).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Blessings Bestowed.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This first constellation is one of high antiquity,<note place='foot'>And in great contrast with several modern ones near it, <hi rend='italic'>e.g.</hi>, the Balloon,
-the Sculptor's Apparatus, the Microscope, Euclid's Square, the Telescope, etc., etc.</note>
-and its brilliant star of the first magnitude was
-a subject of great study by the Egyptians and
-Ethiopians. It is named in Arabic <hi rend='italic'>Fom al Haut</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the mouth of the fish</hi>. There are 22 other stars.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='089'/><anchor id='Pg089'/>
-
-<p>
-The constellation is inseparable from Aquarius,
-in connection with which we have shown it in
-Plate <ref target='Plate-18'>XVIII</ref>. In the Denderah Zodiac it is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Aar</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>a stream</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It sets forth the simple truth that the blessings
-procured by the MAN—the coming Seed of the
-woman, will be surely bestowed and received by
-those for whom they are intended. There will be
-no failure in their communication, or in their reception.
-What has been purchased shall be secured
-and possessed.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. PEGASUS (The Winged Horse).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Blessings Quickly Coming.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Not only shall they be received, but they shall
-be brought near. They will not have to be fetched,
-but they will be caused to come to those for whom
-they are procured, and will yet be <emph>brought</emph> by Him
-who has procured them.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-19.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 19: PEGASUS (the Winged Horse)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Denderah Zodiac there are two characters
-immediately below the horse, <hi rend='italic'>Pe</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>ka</hi>. <hi rend='italic'>Peka</hi> or
-<hi rend='italic'>Pega</hi>, is in Hebrew <hi rend='italic'>the chief</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>Sus</hi> is <hi rend='italic'>horse</hi>. So
-that the very word (<hi rend='italic'>Pegasus</hi>) has come down to us
-and has been preserved through all the languages.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The names of the stars in this constellation declare
-to us its meaning. There are 89 altogether;
-one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, three of
-the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. And, as astronomers
-testify, <q>they render Pegasus peculiarly remarkable.</q>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='090'/><anchor id='Pg090'/>
-
-<p>
-The brightest, α (on the neck of the horse at
-the junction of the wing), comes down to us with
-the ancient Hebrew name of <hi rend='italic'>Markab</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>returning from afar</hi>. The star β (in the near shoulder)
-is called <hi rend='italic'>Scheat</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who goeth and returneth</hi>. The
-star γ (at the tip of the wing) bears an Arabic
-name—<hi rend='italic'>Al Genib</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who carries</hi>. The star ε (in the
-nostril) is called <hi rend='italic'>Enif</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the water</hi>. The star
-η (in the near leg) is called <hi rend='italic'>Matar</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>who
-causes to overflow</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These names show us that we have to do with
-no mere horse. A winged horse is unknown to
-nature. It must therefore be used as a figure; and
-it can be a figure only of a person, even of Him
-who is <q><hi rend='italic'>the Branch</hi>,</q> as the star <hi rend='italic'>Enif</hi> shows, who
-said, <q>If I go away I will come again,</q> as the star
-<hi rend='italic'>Scheat</hi> testifies.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He who procured these blessings for the redeemed
-by His Atonement, is quickly coming to bring
-them; and is soon returning to pour them forth upon
-a groaning creation. This is the lesson of Pegasus.
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Come, blessed Lord, bid every shore</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And answering island sing</l>
-<l>The praises of Thy royal Name,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And own Thee as their King.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Lord, Lord! Thy fair creation groans—</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The earth, the air, the sea—</l>
-<l>In unison with all our hearts,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And calls aloud for Thee.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Thine was the Cross with all its fruits</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Of grace and peace divine:</l>
-<l>Be Thine the Crown of glory now,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>The palm of victory Thine.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='091'/><anchor id='Pg091'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. CYGNUS (The Swan).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Blesser surely Returning.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This constellation repeats, emphasises, and affirms
-this glorious truth. It has to do with the Great
-Blesser and His speedy return, as is testified by
-all the ancient names connected with it.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Denderah Zodiac it is named <hi rend='italic'>Tes-ark</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>this from afar</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-20.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 20: CYGNUS (the Swan)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is a most brilliant and gorgeous asterism of
-81 stars; one of the 1st or 2nd, six of the 3rd,
-twelve of the 4th magnitude, etc. It contains variable
-stars, five double stars, and one quadruple. The
-star marked <q>61 Cygni</q> is known as one of the
-most wonderful in the whole heavens. It consists
-of two stars which revolve about each other, and
-yet have a progressive motion common to each!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This mighty bird is not falling dead, like Aquila,
-but it is flying swiftly in mid-heaven. It is coming
-to the earth, for it is not so much a bird of the
-air, but a bird peculiarly belonging to both the
-earth and the waters.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its brightest star, α (between the body and the
-tail), is called <hi rend='italic'>Deneb</hi> (like another in Capricornus),
-and means <hi rend='italic'>the judge</hi>. It is also called <hi rend='italic'>Adige</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>flying
-swiftly</hi>, and thus at once it is connected with Him
-who cometh to judge the earth in righteousness.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star β (in the beak) is named <hi rend='italic'>Al Bireo</hi>
-(Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>flying quickly</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star γ (in the body) is called <hi rend='italic'>Sadr</hi> (Hebrew),
-<hi rend='italic'>who returns as in a circle</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='092'/><anchor id='Pg092'/>
-
-<p>
-The two stars in the tail, now marked in the
-maps as π 1 and π 2, are named <hi rend='italic'>Azel</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who goes
-and returns quickly</hi>; and <hi rend='italic'>Fafage</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>gloriously shining
-forth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The teaching, then, of the whole sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aquarius</hi>
-is clear and complete. The names of the stars explain
-the constellations, and the names of the constellations
-explain the sign, so that we are left in no
-doubt.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-By His atoning death (as set forth in <hi rend='smallcaps'>Capricornus</hi>)
-He has purchased and procured unspeakable
-blessings for His redeemed. This sign (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aquarius</hi>)
-tells of those blessings being poured forth, and of
-the speedy return of Him who is to bring <q>rivers
-of blessing,</q> and to fill this earth with blessing
-and glory <q>as the waters cover the sea.</q>
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Then take, <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, thy kingdom, and come in Thy glory;</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Make the scene of Thy sorrows the place of Thy throne,</l>
-<l>Complete all the blessing which ages in story</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>Have told of the triumphs so justly Thine own.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter III. The Sign PISCES (The Fishes).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Blessings of the Redeemed in abeyance.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In this third chapter of the Second Book we come
-to the results of the Redeemer's work enjoyed, but
-in connection with conflict, as is seen in the last
-<pb n='093'/><anchor id='Pg093'/>
-of the three sections (the constellation of <hi rend='italic'>Andromeda</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the chained woman</hi>), which leads up to the last chapter
-of the book, and ends it in triumph over every
-enemy.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-21.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 21: PISCES (the Fish) and the Band</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Sign is pictured as two large fishes bound
-together by a <hi rend='italic'>Band</hi>, the ends of which are fastened
-separately to their tails. One fish is represented
-with its head pointing upwards towards the North
-Polar Star, the other is shown at right angles,
-swimming along the line of the ecliptic, or path of
-the sun.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The ancient Egyptian name, as shown on the
-Denderah Zodiac, is <hi rend='italic'>Pi-cot Orion</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Pisces Hori</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>the fishes of Him that cometh</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew name is <hi rend='italic'>Dagim</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the Fishes</hi>, which is
-closely connected with <hi rend='italic'>multitudes</hi>, as in Gen. xlviii. 26,
-where Jacob blesses Joseph's sons, and says, <q>Let
-them grow into a multitude in the midst of the
-earth.</q> The margin says, <q>Let them grow <hi rend='italic'>as fishes
-do increase</hi>.</q> It refers to the fulfilment of Gen. i. 28,
-<q>Be fruitful and multiply.</q> The <hi rend='italic'>multitude</hi> of Abraham's
-seed is prominent in the pronouncement of
-the blessings, where God compared his future posterity
-to the stars of the sky, and the sand upon
-the sea shore. <q>A very great multitude of fish,</q>
-as in Ezek. xlvii. 9.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Syriac name is <hi rend='italic'>Nuno</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the fish</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>lengthened out
-(as in posterity)</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The sign, then, speaks of the multitudes who
-should enjoy the blessings of the Redeemer's work.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='094'/><anchor id='Pg094'/>
-
-<p>
-And here we must maintain that <q>the Church,</q>
-which is <q>the Body of Christ,</q> was a subject
-that was never revealed to man until it was made
-known to the Apostle Paul by a special revelation.
-The Holy Spirit declares (Rom. xvi. 25) that it
-<q>was kept secret since the world began.</q> In
-Eph. iii. 9 he declares that it <q>from the beginning of
-the world hath been hid in God</q>; and in Col. i. 26,
-that it <q>hath been hid from ages and from generations,
-but now is made manifest to His saints.</q> In
-each scripture which speaks of it as <q>now made
-manifest,</q> or <q>now made known,</q> it is distinctly
-stated that it was <q>a mystery,</q> <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, a <emph>secret</emph>, and
-had, up to that moment, been hidden from mankind,
-hidden <q>in God.</q> How, then, we ask, can
-<q>the Church,</q> which was <emph>a subsequent</emph> revelation, be
-read into the previous prophecies, whether written
-in the Old Testament Scriptures, or made known in
-the Heavens? If the Church was revealed in prophecy,
-then it could not have been said to be hidden
-or kept secret. If the <emph>first</emph> revelation of it was
-made known to Paul, as he distinctly affirms it was,
-then it could not have been revealed before. Unless
-we see this very clearly, we cannot <q>rightly divide
-the word of truth</q> (2 Tim. ii. 15). And if we do
-not rightly divide the word of truth, in its subjects,
-and times, and dispensations, we must inevitably be
-landed in confusion and darkness, interpreting of the
-Church, scriptures which belong only to Israel.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Church, or Body of Christ, is totally distinct
-from every class of persons who are made the
-<pb n='095'/><anchor id='Pg095'/>
-subject of prophecy. Not that the Church of God
-was an after-thought. No, it was a Divine secret,
-kept as only God Himself could keep it. The Bible
-therefore would have been complete (so far as the
-Old Testament prophecies are concerned) if the
-Epistles (which belong only to the Church) were
-taken out. The Old Testament would then give us
-the kingdom prophesied; the Gospels and Acts, the
-King and the kingdom offered and rejected; then
-the Apocalypse would follow, showing how that promised
-kingdom will yet be set up with Divine judgment,
-power, and glory.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If these Signs and these star-pictures be the
-results of inspired patriarchs, then this Sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Pisces</hi>
-can refer to <q>His seed,</q> prophesied of in Isa. liii.:
-<q>He shall see His seed.</q> It must refer to
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The nation whose God is the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And the people whom He hath chosen for His own inheritance.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xxxiii. 12.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>Such as be blessed of Him shall inherit the earth.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xxxvii. 22.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall increase you more and more,</q></l>
-<l>You and your children,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Ye are blessed of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. cxv. 14, 15.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Their seed shall be known among the Gentiles.</q></l>
-<l>And their offspring among the people;</l>
-<l>All that see them shall acknowledge them,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>That they are the seed which the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> hath blessed.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lxi. 9.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>They are the seed of the blessed of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And their offspring with them.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lxv. 23.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='096'/><anchor id='Pg096'/>
-
-<p>
-The prophecy of this Sign was afterwards written
-in the words of Isa. xxvi. 15—the song which shall
-yet be sung in the land of Judah:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thou hast increased the nation, O <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Thou hast increased the nation.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-And in Isa. ix. 3 (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>), speaking of the glorious time
-when the government shall be upon the shoulder of
-the coming King:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thou hast multiplied the nation,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Thou hast increased their joy.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Of that longed-for day Jeremiah sings (xxx. 19):
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>I will multiply them</q></l>
-<l>And they shall not be few;</l>
-<l>I will also glorify them,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And they shall not be small.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Ezekiel also is inspired to say:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>I will multiply men upon you,</q></l>
-<l>All the house of Israel, even all of it:</l>
-<l>And the cities shall be inhabited,</l>
-<l>And the wastes shall be builded;</l>
-<l>And I will multiply upon you man and beast,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And they shall increase and bring fruit.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ezek. xxxvi. 10, 11.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them;</q></l>
-<l>It shall be an everlasting covenant with them!</l>
-<l>And I will place them, and multiply them,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And will set My sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ezek. xxxvii. 26.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Indeed, this Sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Pisces</hi> has always been interpreted
-of Israel. Both Jews and Gentiles have
-agreed in this. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Abarbanel</hi>, a Jewish commentator,
-writing on Daniel, affirms that the Sign <hi rend='smallcaps'>Pisces</hi> always
-refers to the people of Israel. He gives five reasons
-<pb n='097'/><anchor id='Pg097'/>
-for this belief, and also affirms that a conjunction
-of the planets Jupiter and Saturn always betokens
-a crisis in the affairs of Israel. Because such a
-conjunction took place in his day (about 1480 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>)
-he looked for the coming of Messiah.<note place='foot'>How inconsistent when there were three such conjunctions in one year, all
-in the same sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Pisces</hi>, immediately preceding the birth of the woman's Seed;
-and in addition to this the new star which had been foretold. See under <hi rend='italic'>Coma</hi>,
-Pages <ref target='Pg036'>36</ref>, <ref target='Pg037'>37</ref>, <ref target='Pg038'>38</ref>.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Certain it is, that when the sun is in <hi rend='smallcaps'>Pisces</hi> all
-the constellations which are considered <emph>noxious</emph>, are
-seen above the horizon. What is true in astronomical
-observation is true also in historical fact. When
-God's favour is shown to Israel, <q>the Jew's enemy</q>
-puts forth his malignant powers. When they increased
-and multiplied in Egypt, he endeavoured to compass
-the destruction of the nation by destroying the male
-children; but their great Deliverer remembered His
-covenant, defeated the designs of the enemy, and
-brought the counsel of the heathen to nought. So
-it was in Persia; and so it will yet be again when
-the hour of Israel's final deliverance has come.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There can be no doubt that we have in this
-Sign the foreshowing of the multiplication and blessing
-of the children of promise, and a token of their
-coming deliverance from all the power of the enemy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But why <emph>two</emph> fishes? and why is one horizontal
-and the other perpendicular? The answer is, that
-not only in Israel, but in the seed of Seth and Shem
-there were always those who looked for a heavenly
-portion, and were <q>partakers of a heavenly calling.</q>
-In Heb. xi. we are distinctly told that Abraham
-<pb n='098'/><anchor id='Pg098'/>
-<q>looked for a city which hath foundations, whose
-builder and maker is God</q> (<hi rend='italic'>v.</hi> 10). They were
-<q>strangers and pilgrims on the earth</q> (<hi rend='italic'>v.</hi> 13).
-<emph>Strangers</emph> are those without a home, and <emph>pilgrims</emph>
-are those who are journeying home: <q>they seek a
-country</q> (<hi rend='italic'>v.</hi> 14). They desired <q>a better country,
-that is, an HEAVENLY: wherefore God is not
-ashamed<note place='foot'>The figure of <hi rend='italic'>Tapeinosis</hi>, which calls our attention to that fact that He was
-delighted thus to be called.</note> to be called their God; for He hath
-prepared for them a city</q> (<hi rend='italic'>v.</hi> 16). It is clear,
-therefore, that what are called the <q>Old Testament
-Saints</q> were <q>partakers of <hi rend='smallcaps'>THE HEAVENLY CALLING</hi></q>
-(Heb. iii. 1), which included a heavenly portion and
-a heavenly home; and all through the ages there
-have been <q>partakers of the heavenly calling.</q> This
-is quite distinct from the calling of the Church,
-which is from both Jews and Gentiles to form <q>one
-body,</q> a <q>new man</q> in Christ (Eph. ii. 15). It
-must be distinct, for it is expressly stated at the
-end of that chapter (Heb. xi. 40) that God has
-<q><hi rend='smallcaps'>provided</hi> (marg. <hi rend='italic'>forseen</hi>) <hi rend='smallcaps'>some better thing for
-us</hi>.</q> How can this be a <q>better thing,</q> if it is the
-<emph>same thing</emph>? There must be two separate things if
-one is <q>better</q> than the other! Our calling in
-Christ is the <q>better thing.</q> The Old Testament
-saints had, and will have, <emph>a good thing</emph>. They will
-have a heavenly blessing, and a heavenly portion,
-for God has <q>prepared for them a city,</q> and
-we see that prepared city, even <q>the holy city, new
-Jerusalem, coming down from God out of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Heaven</hi>,
-<pb n='099'/><anchor id='Pg099'/>
-prepared as a bride adorned for her husband</q>
-(Rev. xxi. 2). This is the <q>heavenly</q> portion of the
-Old Testament saints, the Bride of Christ. The Church
-will have a still <q>better</q> portion, for <q>they without
-us should not be made perfect</q> (Heb. xi. 40).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The fish, shooting upwards to the Polar Star,
-exquisitely pictures this <q>heavenly calling</q>; while the
-other fish, keeping on the horizontal line, answers to
-those who were content with an earthly portion.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But both alike were divinely called, and chosen,
-and upheld. The names of two of the stars in the
-sign (not identified) are <hi rend='italic'>Okda</hi> (Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>the united</hi>,
-and <hi rend='italic'>Al Samaca</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the upheld</hi>.<note place='foot'>There are 113 stars in this sign, none of any great importance; only one of
-the 3rd magnitude, five of the 4th, etc.</note> These again
-speak of the redeemed seed, of whom, and to whom,
-Jehovah speaks in that coming day of glory in
-Isa. xli. 8-10 (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>):—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>But thou, Israel, My servant,</q></l>
-<l>Jacob, whom I have chosen,</l>
-<l>The seed of Abraham My friend;</l>
-<l>Thou whom I have taken hold of from the ends of the earth,</l>
-<l>And called thee from the corners thereof,</l>
-<l>And said unto thee, Thou art My servant;</l>
-<l>I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away;</l>
-<l>Fear thou not, for I am with thee;</l>
-<l>Be not dismayed, for I am thy God!</l>
-<l>I will strengthen thee;</l>
-<l>Yea, I will help thee;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Yea, I will UPHOLD thee with the right hand of My righteousness.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is the teaching of the Sign; and the first
-constellation takes up this thought and emphasises it.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='100'/><anchor id='Pg100'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. THE BAND.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Redeemed Bound, but binding their Enemy.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The band that <emph>unites</emph> these two fishes has always
-formed a separate constellation. It is shown in
-Plate XXI. The Arabian poems of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Antarah</hi> frequently
-mention it as distinct from the Sign with
-which it is so closely connected. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Antarah</hi> was an
-Arabian poet of the sixth century.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its ancient Egyptian name was <hi rend='italic'>U-or</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>He cometh</hi>. Its Arabic name is <hi rend='italic'>Al Risha</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the band</hi>, or
-<hi rend='italic'>bridle</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It speaks of the Coming One, not in His relation
-to Himself, or to His enemies, but in His relation to
-<hi rend='italic'>the Redeemed</hi>. It speaks of Him who says:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>I drew them with cords of a man,</q></l>
-<l>With bands of love;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And I was to them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Hosea xi. 4, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-But it speaks also of His unloosing the bands with
-which they have been so long bound.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the picture these fishes are bound. One end
-of the <emph>band</emph> is fastened securely round the tail of one
-fish, and it is the same with the other. Moreover,
-this <emph>band</emph> is fastened to the neck of <hi rend='italic'>Cetus</hi>, the sea
-monster, while immediately above is seen a woman
-chained as a captive. These both tell the same
-story, and, indeed, all are required to set forth the
-whole truth. The fishes are <emph>bound</emph> to <hi rend='italic'>Cetus</hi>; the
-woman (<hi rend='italic'>Andromeda</hi>) is chained; but the Deliverer of
-<pb n='101'/><anchor id='Pg101'/>
-both is near. Cepheus, the Crowned King, the Redeemer,
-<q>the Breaker,</q> the Branch, is seen coming
-quickly for the deliverance of His redeemed. These
-are the three constellations of this sign, and all three
-are required to set forth the story.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Israel now is bound. The great enemy still
-oppresses, but deliverance is sure. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the Ram</hi>,
-is seen with his paws on this band, as though about
-to loosen the bands and set the captives free, and to
-fast bind their great oppressor.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. ANDROMEDA (The Chained Woman).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Redeemed in their Bondage and Affliction.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is a peculiar picture to set in the heavens.
-A woman with chains fastened to her feet and arms,
-in misery and trouble; and bound, helpless, to the
-sky. Yet this is the ancient foreshowing of the
-truth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Denderah Zodiac her name is <hi rend='italic'>Set</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>set</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>set up as a queen</hi>. In Hebrew it is <hi rend='italic'>Sirra</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the chained</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>Persea</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the stretched out</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-22.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 22: ANDROMEDA (the Chained Woman)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 63 stars in this constellation, three of
-which are of the 2nd magnitude, two of the 3rd,
-twelve of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the head), is called <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Phiratz</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the broken down</hi>. The star β (in the
-body) is called <hi rend='italic'>Mirach</hi> (Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>the weak</hi>. The star γ
-(in the left foot) is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Maach</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Al Amak</hi>
-(Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>struck down</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='102'/><anchor id='Pg102'/>
-
-<p>
-The names of other stars, not identified, are
-<hi rend='italic'>Adhil</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the afflicted</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Mizar</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the weak</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al Mara</hi> (Arabic),
-<hi rend='italic'>the afflicted</hi>. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> speaks of <hi rend='italic'>Desma</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>the bound</hi>, and says—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Her feet point to her bridegroom</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'><hi rend='italic'>Perseus</hi>, on whose shoulder they rest.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Thus, with one voice, the stars of <hi rend='italic'>Andromeda</hi>
-speak to us of the captive daughter of Zion. And
-her coming Deliverer thus addresses her:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted,</q></l>
-<l>Behold, ... in righteousness shalt thou be established:</l>
-<l>Thou shalt be far from oppression; for thou shalt not fear:</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And from terror; for it shall not come nigh thee.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. liv. 11-14.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Hear now this, thou afflicted....</q></l>
-<l>Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion;</l>
-<l>Put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem....</l>
-<l>Shake thyself from the dust;</l>
-<l>Arise, and sit down, O Jerusalem:</l>
-<l>Loose thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of Zion.</l>
-<l>For thus saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, Ye have sold yourselves for nought;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And ye shall be redeemed without money.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. li. 21-lii. 3.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-<q>The virgin daughter of My people is broken with a
-great breach, with a very grievous blow</q> (Jer. xiv. 17).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The picture which sets forth her deliverance is
-reserved for the next chapter (or Sign), where it
-comes in its proper place and order. We are first
-shown her glorious Deliverer; for we never, in the
-heavens or in the Word, have a reference to the
-sufferings without an <emph>immediate</emph> reference to the glory.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='103'/><anchor id='Pg103'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. CEPHEUS (The King).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Their Redeemer Coming to Rule.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here we have the presentation of a glorious king,
-crowned, and enthroned in the highest heaven, with
-a sceptre in his hand, and his foot planted on the
-very Polar Star itself.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-His name in the Denderah Zodiac is <hi rend='italic'>Pe-ku-hor</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>this one cometh to rule</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-23.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 23: CEPHEUS (the Crowned King)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Greek name by which he is now known,
-<hi rend='italic'>Cepheus</hi>, is from the Hebrew, and means <hi rend='italic'>the branch</hi>,
-and is called by <hi rend='smallcaps'>Euripides</hi> <hi rend='italic'>the king</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-An old Ethiopian name was <hi rend='italic'>Hyk</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>a king</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 35 stars, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, three of the 3rd magnitude,
-seven of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the left shoulder), is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Al Deramin</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>coming quickly</hi>. The next,
-β (in the girdle), is named <hi rend='italic'>Al Phirk</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the
-Redeemer</hi>. The next, γ (in the left knee), is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Al Rai</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>who bruises</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>breaks</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is impossible to mistake the truth which these
-names teach. The Greeks, though they had lost it,
-yet preserved a trace of it, even in their perversion of
-it; for they held that <hi rend='italic'>Cepheus</hi> was the father of <hi rend='italic'>Andromeda</hi>,
-and that <hi rend='italic'>Perseus</hi> was her husband.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Yes; this is the glorious King of Israel, the
-<q>King of kings, and Lord of lords.</q> It is He who
-calls Israel His <q>son,</q> and will yet manifest it to
-all the world.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='104'/><anchor id='Pg104'/>
-
-<p>
-In Jer. xxxi., after speaking of Israel's restoration,
-Jehovah says (<hi rend='italic'>v.</hi> 1):—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>At the same time, saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, will I be the God
-of all the families of Israel,</q></l>
-<l>And they shall be My people....</l>
-<l>For I am a father to Israel,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And Ephraim is My firstborn</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(<hi rend='italic'>v.</hi> 9).
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-As He said to Moses: <q>Thus saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, Israel
-is my son, even my firstborn</q> (Exod. iv. 22).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here is the foundation of Israel's blessing. True,
-it is now in abeyance, but <q>the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> reigneth,</q> and
-will in due time make good His Word, for
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The counsel of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> standeth for ever.</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The thoughts of His heart to all generations.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xxxiii. 11.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This leads us up to the last chapter of the Second
-Book, which shows us the fulfilment of all the prophecies
-concerning the Redeemed and the sure foundation
-on which their great hope of glory is based.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter IV. The Sign ARIES (The Ram or Lamb).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Blessings of the Redeemed Consummated and
-Enjoyed.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This Second Book began with <hi rend='italic'>the Goat</hi> dying in
-sacrifice, and it ends with the Lamb living again,
-<q>as it had been slain.</q> The goat had the tail of a
-fish, indicating that his death was for a <emph>multitude</emph> of
-<pb n='105'/><anchor id='Pg105'/>
-the redeemed. In the two middle Signs we have
-had these fishes presented to us in grace, and in
-their conflict. We come now to the last chapter
-of the book: and, as we have seen, like each of the
-other books, it ends up with victory and triumph.
-Here we are first shown the foundation on which
-that victory rests, namely, Atonement. Hence we are
-taken back and reminded of the <q>blood of the Lamb.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is pictured by a ram, or lamb, full of vigour
-and life; not falling in death as <hi rend='italic'>Capricornus</hi> is.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-24.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 24: ARIES (the Ram)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Denderah Zodiac its name is <hi rend='italic'>Tametouris
-Ammon</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the reign</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>dominion</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>government
-of Ammon</hi>. The lamb's head is without horns,
-and is crowned with a circle.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew name is <hi rend='italic'>Taleh</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the lamb</hi>. The Arabic
-name is <hi rend='italic'>Al Hamal</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the sheep</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>gentle</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>merciful</hi>. This
-name has been mistakenly given by some to the
-principal star, α. The Syriac name is <hi rend='italic'>Amroo</hi>, as in
-the Syriac New Testament in John i. 29: <q>Behold
-the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the
-world.</q> The ancient Akkadian name was <hi rend='italic'>Bara-ziggar</hi>.
-<hi rend='italic'>Bar</hi> means <hi rend='italic'>altar</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>sacrifice</hi>; and <hi rend='italic'>ziggar</hi> means
-<hi rend='italic'>right making</hi>; so that the full name would be <hi rend='italic'>the
-sacrifice of righteousness</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 66 stars in this sign, one being of the
-2nd magnitude, two of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its chief star, α (in the forehead), is named <hi rend='italic'>El
-Nath</hi>,<note place='foot'><q>El Nath</q> is used by Chaucer as the name of a spring star.</note> or <hi rend='italic'>El Natik</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>wounded</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>slain</hi>.
-The next, β (in the left horn), is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Sheratan</hi>,
-<pb n='106'/><anchor id='Pg106'/>
-<hi rend='italic'>the bruised</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the wounded</hi>. The next, γ (near to β), is
-called <hi rend='italic'>Mesartim</hi> (Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>the bound</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-How is it there is no conflicting voice? How is it
-that all the stars unite in one harmonious voice in
-testifying of the Lamb of God, slain, and bruised,
-but yet living for evermore, singing together, <q>Worthy
-is the Lamb that was slain to receive power and
-riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and
-glory, and blessing</q> (Rev. v. 12)?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This rejoicing connected with the Lamb shines
-faintly through the heathen perversions and myths:
-for <hi rend='smallcaps'>Herodotus</hi> tells us how the ancient Egyptians,
-once a year, when it opened by the entrance of the
-sun into <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>,<note place='foot'><hi rend='smallcaps'>Taurus</hi> then marked the Spring Equinox.</note> slew a Ram, at the festival of Jupiter
-Ammon; branches were placed over the doors, the
-Ram was garlanded with wreaths of flowers and carried
-in procession. Now the sun entered <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi> on the
-14th of the Jewish month Nisan, and <emph>another lamb</emph>
-was then ordered to be slain, even <q>the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord's</hi> passover</q>—the
-type of that Lamb that should in the
-fulness of time be offered without blemish and without
-spot. Owing to the precession of the equinoxes,
-the sun, at the time of the Exodus, had receded into
-this sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>, which then marked the Spring
-Equinox. But by the time that the antitype—the
-Lamb of God, was slain, the sun had still further
-receded, and on the 14th of Nisan, in the year of
-the Crucifixion, stood at the very spot marked by
-the stars α, <hi rend='italic'>El Nath</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the pierced</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the wounded</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>slain</hi>,
-<pb n='107'/><anchor id='Pg107'/>
-and β, <hi rend='italic'>Al Sheratan</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the bruised</hi> <hi rend='italic'>or wounded</hi>! God so
-ordained <q>the times and seasons</q> that during that
-noon-day darkness the sun was seen near those stars
-which had spoken for so many centuries of this
-bruising of the woman's Seed—the Lamb of God.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Was this design? or was it chance? It is far
-easier to believe the former. It makes a smaller
-demand upon our faith; yes, we are compelled to
-believe that He who created the sun and the stars
-<q>for signs and for cycles,</q> ordained also the times
-and the seasons, and it is He who tells us that
-<q><hi rend='smallcaps'>when the fulness of time was come</hi>, God sent
-forth His Son</q> (Gal. iv. 4), and that <q>in due time
-Christ died for the ungodly</q> (Rom. v. 6).
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. CASSIOPEIA (The Enthroned Woman).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Captive Delivered, and Preparing for her
-Husband, the Redeemer.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the last chapter we saw the <hi rend='italic'>woman bound</hi>; here
-we see the same woman freed, delivered, and enthroned.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Ulugh Bey</hi> says its Arabic name is <hi rend='italic'>El Seder</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>the freed</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Denderah Zodiac her name is <hi rend='italic'>Set</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>set</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>set up as Queen</hi>. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Albumazer</hi> says this
-constellation was anciently called <q><hi rend='italic'>the daughter of
-splendour</hi>.</q> This appears to be the meaning of the
-word <hi rend='italic'>Cassiopeia</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the enthroned</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the beautiful</hi>. The
-Arabic name is <hi rend='italic'>Ruchba</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the enthroned</hi>. This is also
-the meaning of its Chaldee name, <hi rend='italic'>Dat al cursa</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='108'/><anchor id='Pg108'/>
-
-<p>
-There are 55 stars in this constellation, of which
-five are of the 3rd magnitude, five of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This beautiful constellation passes vertically over
-Great Britain every day, and is easily distinguished
-by its five brightest stars, forming an irregular W.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/w-shape.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Illustration showing the W of Cassiopeia</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This brilliant constellation contains one binary
-star, a triple star, a double star, a quadruple star,
-and a large number of nebulæ.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-25.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 25: CASSIOPEIA (the Enthroned Woman)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the year 1572 Tycho Brahe discovered in this
-constellation, and very near the star κ (under the arm
-of the chair), a new star, which shone more brightly
-than Venus. It was observed for nearly two years,
-and disappeared entirely in 1574.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the left breast), is named
-<hi rend='italic'>Schedir</hi> (Hebrew), which means <hi rend='italic'>the freed</hi>. The next,
-β (in the top of the chair), likewise bears a Hebrew
-name—<hi rend='italic'>Caph</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the branch</hi>; it is evidently
-given on account of the branch of victory which she
-bears in her hand.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-She is indeed highly exalted, and making herself
-ready. Her hands, no longer bound, are engaged
-in this happy work. With her right hand she is
-arranging her robes, while with her left she is adorning
-her hair. She is seated upon the Arctic circle,
-and close by the side of <hi rend='italic'>Cepheus</hi>, the King.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is <q>the Bride, the Lamb's wife, the heavenly
-city, the new Jerusalem,</q> the <q>partakers of the heavenly
-calling.</q>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='109'/><anchor id='Pg109'/>
-
-<p>
-He who has redeemed her is <q>the Lamb that was
-slain,</q> and He addresses her thus:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thy Maker is thine husband;</q></l>
-<l>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> of Hosts is His name;</l>
-<l>And the Holy One of Israel is thy Redeemer;</l>
-<l>The God of the whole earth shall He be called.</l>
-<l>For the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in spirit,</l>
-<l>Even a wife of youth when she is cast off, saith thy God.</l>
-<l>For a small moment have I forsaken thee;</l>
-<l>But with great mercies will I gather thee.</l>
-<l>In overflowing wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>But with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> thy Redeemer.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. liv. 5-8. <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thou shalt be a crown of beauty in the hand of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>,</q></l>
-<l>And a royal diadem in the hand of thy God,</l>
-<l>Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken;</l>
-<l>Neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate;</l>
-<l>But thou shalt be called Hephzi-bah (<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>my delight is in her</hi>),</l>
-<l>And thy land Beulah (<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>married</hi>);</l>
-<l>For the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> delighteth in thee,</l>
-<l>And thy land shall be married.</l>
-<l>For as a young man marrieth a virgin,</l>
-<l>So shall thy sons (<hi rend='italic'>Heb.</hi> thy Restorer) marry thee:</l>
-<l>And as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride,</l>
-<l><q rend='pre'>So shall thy God rejoice over thee.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lxii. 3-5, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> hath appeared of old (or from afar) unto me, <hi rend='italic'>saying</hi>,</q></l>
-<l>Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love;</l>
-<l>Therefore with loving kindness have I drawn thee.</l>
-<l>Again will I build thee, and thou shalt be built, O Virgin of Israel....</l>
-<pb n='110'/><anchor id='Pg110'/>
-<l>He that scattered Israel will gather him,</l>
-<l>And keep him as a shepherd doth his flock,</l>
-<l>For the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> hath ransomed Jacob,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And redeemed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Jer. xxxi. 3-12, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Can we close our eyes to the testimony of these
-scriptures—that Israel is the Bride of the Lamb?
-When we have all these, and more, why should we
-read <q>the Church</q> into these ancient prophecies,
-which was the subject of a long-subsequent revelation,
-merely because (in Eph. v. 25) Christ's love to
-His Church is <emph>compared</emph> to a husband's love for his
-wife? <q>Husbands, love your wives, even AS Christ
-also loved the Church.</q> There is not a word here
-about the Church being His wife. On the contrary,
-it reveals the secret that the Church of Christ is to
-be the mystical <q>Body of Christ,</q> <emph>part of the Husband</emph>
-in fact, <q>One new man</q> (Eph. ii. 15)! whereas
-restored Israel is to be the Bride of this <q>New Man,</q>
-the Bride of Christ, the Lamb's wife! Blessed
-indeed it is to be united to Christ as a wife to a
-husband, but glorious beyond all description to be
-<q>one</q> with Christ Himself, part of His mystical
-Body.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If men had only realised the wondrous glory
-of this mystery, they would never have so <emph>wrongly</emph>
-divided the Word of Truth by <emph>interpreting</emph> Psalm xlv.
-of this Mystical Christ. If we <q>rightly divide</q> it,
-we see at once that this Psalm is in harmony with
-all the Old Testament scriptures, which must be
-interpreted alike, and can be interpreted only of
-Israel however they may be <emph>applied</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='111'/><anchor id='Pg111'/>
-
-<p>
-Having spoken of the Godhead and glory of this
-King (faintly and in part foreshown by <hi rend='italic'>Cepheus</hi>), the
-Holy Spirit goes on in the latter part of the Psalm
-to speak of the Bride—the Queen:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>At Thy right hand doth stand the Queen in gold of Ophir,</q></l>
-<l>Hearken, O daughter, and consider, incline thine ear;</l>
-<l>Forget also thine own people, and thy father's house;</l>
-<l>So shall the King desire thy beauty;<note place='foot'><q>Thy beauty; for it was perfect through My comeliness, which I put upon thee
-(Jerusalem), saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi></q> (Ezek. xvi. 14).</note></l>
-<l>For He is thy Lord; and worship thou Him....</l>
-<l>The King's daughter within <hi rend='italic'>the palace</hi> is all glorious;</l>
-<l>Her clothing is inwrought with gold,</l>
-<l>She shall be led unto the King in broidered work;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The virgins her companions<note place='foot'>Those who interpret the Queen here of the Church as the Bride, interpret the
-<q>Virgins</q> in Matt. xxv. of the Bride also. But how inconsistent! If the
-<q>Virgins</q> be the Church in Matt. xxv., then where is the Bride? If the Queen
-is the Bride (the Church) in Ps. xlv., then who are the <q>virgins her companions</q>?
-Both cannot be the correct interpretation. In fact, both are wrong, and hence the
-<emph>confusion</emph>. The Bride must be interpreted by the Old Testament scriptures, and
-the Prophecies which belong to Israel must not be robbed and given to the Church.
-They cannot be thus diverted without bringing confusion into the Scripture, and
-causing loss to our souls.</note> that follow her shall be brought unto thee,</q> etc.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xlv. 9-17, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Then shall she sing her Magnificat:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>I will greatly rejoice in the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>,</q></l>
-<l>My soul shall be joyful in my God;</l>
-<l>For He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation,</l>
-<l>He hath covered me with the robe of righteousness,</l>
-<l>As a bridegroom decketh <hi rend='italic'>himself</hi> with ornaments,</l>
-<l>And as a bride adorneth <hi rend='italic'>herself</hi> with her jewels.</l>
-<l>For as the earth bringeth forth her bud,</l>
-<l>And as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring forth;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>So the Lord <hi rend='smallcaps'>God</hi> [Adonai Jehovah] will cause righteousness and praise to spring forth before all the nations.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lxi. 10, 11.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='112'/><anchor id='Pg112'/>
-
-<p>
-This, then, is the truth set forth by this enthroned
-woman. The blessing founded on Atonement, and
-the Redemption wrought by the Lamb that was slain,
-result in a glorious answer to Israel's prayer, <q>Turn
-our captivity, O <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi></q> (Ps. cxxvi. 4): when they
-that have <q>sown in tears shall reap in joy,</q> and
-the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall loosen her bonds, and place her
-enthroned by His side.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This, however, involves the destruction of her
-enemy, and this is what we see in the next section.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. CETUS (The Sea Monster).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Great Enemy Bound.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When John sees the New Jerusalem, the Bride,
-the Lamb's wife (Rev. xxi. 10, 2), Satan has been
-bound already: for we read, a few verses before
-(xx. 1-3): <q>I saw an angel come down from heaven,
-having the key of the bottomless pit and a great
-chain in his hand. And he laid hold of the dragon,
-that Old Serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan,
-and bound him [<emph>and kept him bound</emph>] a thousand
-years, and cast him into the bottomless pit, and
-shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he
-should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand
-years should be fulfilled.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is what we see in the second section of this
-chapter—the second constellation in <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-26.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 26: CETUS (the Sea Monster)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The picture is that of a great Sea-monster, the
-largest of all the constellations. It is the natural
-<pb n='113'/><anchor id='Pg113'/>
-enemy of fishes, hence it is placed here in connection
-with this last chapter, in which fishes are so
-prominent.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is situated very low down among the constellations—far
-away towards the south or lower regions
-of the sky.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its name in the Denderah Zodiac is <hi rend='italic'>Knem</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>subdued</hi>. It is pictured as a monstrous head,
-trodden under foot by the swine, the natural enemy
-of the serpent. The hawk also (another enemy of
-the serpent) is over this figure, crowned with a mortar,
-denoting <hi rend='italic'>bruising</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It consists of 97 stars, of which two are of the
-2nd magnitude, eight of the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The names of the stars interpret for us infallibly
-the meaning of the picture.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the upper mandible), is
-named <hi rend='italic'>Menkar</hi>, and means <hi rend='italic'>the bound</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>chained enemy</hi>.
-The next, β (in the tail), is called <hi rend='italic'>Diphda</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Deneb
-Kaitos</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>overthrown</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>thrust down</hi>. The star ο (in the
-neck) is named <hi rend='italic'>Mira</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>THE REBEL</hi>.
-Its name is ominous, for the star is one of the most
-remarkable. It is very bright, but it was not till
-1596 that it was discovered to be <emph>variable</emph>. It disappears
-periodically <emph>seven</emph> times in <emph>six</emph> years! It
-continues at its brightest for fifteen days together.
-M. Bade says that during 334 days it shines with its
-greatest light, then it diminishes, till it entirely disappears
-for some time (to the naked eye). In fact,
-during that period it passes through several degrees
-<pb n='114'/><anchor id='Pg114'/>
-of magnitude, both increasing and diminishing. Indeed
-its variableness is so great as to make it appear
-<emph>unsteady</emph>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here, then, is the picture of the Great Rebel as
-shown in the heavens. What is it, as written in the
-Word?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Almighty asks man:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Canst thou draw out Leviathan with a fish hook?</q></l>
-<l>Or press down his tongue with a cord?</l>
-<l>Canst thou put a rope into his nose?</l>
-<l>Or pierce his jaw through with a hook?...</l>
-<l>Shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>None is so fierce that he dare stir him up.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Job xli. 1-10, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-But he whom man cannot bind can be bound by
-the Lamb, and He is seen with <q>the Band</q> that has
-bound the fishes, now in His hands, which he has
-fastened with a bright star to his neck, saying,—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling,</q></l>
-<l>Even the dregs of the cup of My fury;</l>
-<l>Thou shalt no more drink it again,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. li. 22, 23.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> cometh forth out of His place</q></l>
-<l>To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity....</l>
-<l>In that day the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, with His sore, and great, and strong sword,</l>
-<l>Shall punish Leviathan, the piercing serpent,</l>
-<l>And Leviathan, the crooked serpent;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And He shall slay the dragon that is in the sea.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xxvi. 21-xxvii. 1.)
-</p>
-
-<pb n='115'/><anchor id='Pg115'/>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>For God is my king of old,</q></l>
-<l>Working salvation in the midst of the earth.</l>
-<l>Thou didst divide (marg. <hi rend='italic'>Heb.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>break</hi>) the sea by Thy strength,</l>
-<l>Thou brakest the heads of the dragons (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi> marg., <hi rend='italic'>sea monsters</hi>) in the waters.</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Thou brakest the heads of Leviathan in pieces.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-And this Second Book closes by revealing to us
-this glorious <q>Breaker.</q>
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. PERSEUS (<q>The Breaker.</q>)</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'><q>The Breaker</q> delivering His Redeemed.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here we have set before us a mighty man, called
-in the Hebrew <hi rend='italic'>Peretz</hi>, from which we have the Greek
-form <hi rend='italic'>Perses</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Perseus</hi> (Rom. xvi. 13). It is the same
-word which is used of Christ in Micah ii. 13. When
-He shall surely <q>gather the remnant of Israel</q> (<hi rend='italic'>v.</hi> 12),
-it is written—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>THE BREAKER is gone up before them....</q></l>
-<l>Their King is passed on before them,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> at the head of them.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is what is pictured to us here. We see a
-glorious <q>Breaker</q> taking His place before His
-redeemed, breaking forth at their head, breaking down
-all barriers, and breaking the heads of Leviathan and
-all his hosts. In His right hand He has His <q>sore,
-and great, and strong sword</q> lifted up to smite and
-break down the enemy. He has wings on His feet,
-which tell us that He is coming very swiftly. In His
-left hand He carries the head of the enemy, whom he
-has slain.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='116'/><anchor id='Pg116'/>
-
-<p>
-In the Denderah Zodiac His name is <hi rend='italic'>Kar Knem</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>he who fights and subdues</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-27.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 27: PERSEUS (the Breaker)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is a beautiful constellation of 59 stars, two of
-which are of the 2nd magnitude, four of the 3rd, twelve
-of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Their names supply us with the key to the interpretation
-of the picture.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star α (in the waist) is called <hi rend='italic'>Mirfak</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who helps</hi>.
-The next, γ (in the right shoulder), is named <hi rend='italic'>Al Genib</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>who carries away</hi>. The bright star in the
-left foot is called <hi rend='italic'>Athik</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who breaks</hi>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In his left hand he carries a head, which, by perversion,
-the Greeks called the head of Medusa, being
-ignorant that its Hebrew root meant <hi rend='italic'>the trodden under
-foot</hi>.<note place='foot'>See Job xxxix. 14, 15, where it is said, the ostrich <q>leaveth her eggs in the
-dust, forgetting that the foot may crush them, or that the wild beast may break them.</q></note> It is also called <hi rend='italic'>Rosh Satan</hi> (Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>the head
-of the adversary</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>Al Oneh</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the subdued</hi>, or
-<hi rend='italic'>Al Ghoul</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the evil spirit</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The bright star, β (in this head), has come down
-to us with the name <hi rend='italic'>Al Gol</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>rolling round</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is a most remarkable phenomenon that so many
-of these enemies should be characterised by variable
-stars! But this head of <hi rend='italic'>Medusa</hi>, like the neck of
-<hi rend='italic'>Cetus</hi>, has one. <hi rend='italic'>Al Gol</hi> is continually changing. In
-about 69 hours it changes from the 4th magnitude to
-the 2nd. During four hours of this period it gradually
-diminishes in brightness, which it recovers in the succeeding
-four hours; and in the remaining part of the
-time invariably preserves its greatest lustre. After
-<pb n='117'/><anchor id='Pg117'/>
-the expiration of this time its brightness begins to
-decrease again. Fit emblem of our great enemy, who,
-<q>like a <emph>roaring lion</emph>, goeth about seeking whom he may
-devour</q> (1 Pet. v. 8.); then changing into a <emph>subtle
-serpent</emph> (Gen. iii. 8.); then changing again into <q>an
-angel of light</q> (2 Cor. xi. 14.). <q>Transforming himself</q>
-continually, to devour, deceive, and destroy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This brings us to the conclusion of the Second
-Book, in which we have seen the Redeemed blessed
-with all blessings, delivered out of all conflict, saved
-from all enemies. We have seen their Redeemer,
-<q>the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world,</q>
-<q>the Conqueror,</q> <q>the King of Kings and Lord of
-Lords.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the Revelation recorded in the heavens.
-This is the prophetic testimony inspired in the Book.
-And this is the heart-cry prompted by both:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Come, Lord, and tarry not,</q></l>
-<l>Bring the long-looked-for day;</l>
-<l>Oh, why these years of waiting here,</l>
-<l>These ages of delay?</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come, for Thy saints still wait;</l>
-<l>Daily ascends their cry:</l>
-<l><q rend='none'><q>The Spirit and the Bride say, Come</q></q>;</l>
-<l>Dost Thou not hear their cry?</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come, for creation groans,</l>
-<l>Impatient of Thy stay;</l>
-<l>Worn out with these long years of ill,</l>
-<l>These ages of delay.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come, for Thine Israel pines,</l>
-<l>An exile from Thy fold;</l>
-<l>Oh, call to mind Thy faithful word,</l>
-<l>And bless them as of old.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<pb n='118'/><anchor id='Pg118'/>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come, for Thy foes are strong;</l>
-<l>With taunting lips they say,</l>
-<l><q rend='none'><q rend='pre'>Where is the promised advent now,</q></q></l>
-<l><q rend='none'><q rend='post'>And where the dreaded day?</q></q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come, for the good are few;</l>
-<l>They lift the voice in vain;</l>
-<l>Faith waxes fainter on the earth,</l>
-<l>And love is on the wane.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come, in Thy glorious might;</l>
-<l>Come, with Thine iron rod;</l>
-<l>Disperse Thy foes before Thy face,</l>
-<l>Most mighty Son of God.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come, and make all things new,</l>
-<l>Build up this ruined earth;</l>
-<l>Restore our faded paradise,</l>
-<l>Creation's second birth.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come, and begin Thy reign</l>
-<l>Of everlasting peace;</l>
-<l>Come, take the kingdom to Thyself,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Great King of Righteousness.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='italic'>Dr. Horatius Bonar.</hi>
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='119'/><anchor id='Pg119'/>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>The Third Book. The Redeemer.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>His Second Coming.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In this Third and Last Book we come to the concluding
-portion of this Heavenly Revelation. Its
-subject is Redemption completed, and consummated in
-triumph. No more sorrow, suffering, or conflict; no
-more the bruising of the heel of the Redeemer. We
-have now done with the prophecies of <q>the sufferings
-of Christ,</q> and have come to those that relate to <q>the
-glory that should follow.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-No more reference now to His <emph>first</emph> coming in
-humiliation. No more coming <q>forth</q> to suffer and
-die, a sacrifice for sins; the reference now is only to
-His second coming in glory; His coming <q>unto</q> this
-earth is not to suffer for sin (Heb. ix. 28.), but it will
-be a coming in power to judge the earth in righteousness,
-and to subdue all enemies under His feet.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Like the other two books, it consists of four
-chapters.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <emph>first</emph> chapter is the prophecy of the coming
-Judge of all the earth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <emph>second</emph> sets before us the two-fold nature of the
-coming Ruler.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <emph>third</emph> shows us Messiah's redeemed possessions—the
-Redeemed brought safely home, all conflict over.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <emph>fourth</emph> describes Messiah's consummated
-triumph.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='120'/><anchor id='Pg120'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter I. The Sign TAURUS (The Bull).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Messiah, the coming Judge of all the Earth.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The picture is that of a Bull rushing forward with
-mighty energy and fierce wrath, his horns set so as
-to push his enemies, and pierce them through and
-destroy them.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is a prophecy of Christ, the coming Judge, and
-Ruler, and <q>Lord of all the earth.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-28.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 28: TAURUS (the Bull)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah already, 4,000
-years ago, had forgotten the truth to which the prophecy
-had referred, and called him <hi rend='italic'>Isis</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who
-saves or delivers</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>Apis</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the head or chief</hi>. The
-Bull is clearly represented, and in all the zodiacs
-which have come down to us is always in the <hi rend='italic'>act of
-pushing</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>rushing</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The name of the sign in Chaldee is תּוֹר, <hi rend='italic'>Tor</hi>.
-Hence, Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>Al Thaur</hi>; Greek, <hi rend='italic'>Tauros</hi>; Latin,
-<hi rend='italic'>Taurus</hi>, etc. The more common Hebrew name
-was שׁוּר, <hi rend='italic'>Shur</hi>, which is from a root which means both
-<hi rend='italic'>coming</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>ruling</hi>. There are several Hebrew words
-for bulls and oxen, etc. But the common poetical
-term for all is ראם, <hi rend='italic'>Reem</hi>, conveying the idea of
-loftiness, exaltation, power, and pre-eminence. We
-find the root in other kindred languages (Etruscan,
-Sanscrit, etc.), and it can be traced in the name of
-Abram, which means <hi rend='italic'>pre-eminent</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>high father</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Ramah</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>high place</hi>, etc.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='121'/><anchor id='Pg121'/>
-
-<p>
-The stars in Taurus present a brilliant sight.
-There are at least 141 stars, besides two important
-groups of stars, which both form integral parts of
-the sign.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the bull's eye), has a
-Chaldee name—<hi rend='italic'>Al Debaran</hi>, and means <hi rend='italic'>the leader</hi> or
-<hi rend='italic'>governor</hi>. The star β (at the tip of the left horn)
-has an Arabic name—<hi rend='italic'>El Nath</hi>, meaning <hi rend='italic'>wounded</hi> or
-<hi rend='italic'>slain</hi>. Another prophetic intimation that this coming
-Lord should be first slain as a sacrifice.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Then there is the cluster of stars known as the
-<hi rend='italic'>Pleiades</hi>. This word, which means <hi rend='italic'>the congregation
-of the judge</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>ruler</hi>, comes to us through the Greek
-Septuagint as the translation of the Hebrew כִּימָה,
-<hi rend='italic'>Chima</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the heap</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>accumulation</hi>, and
-occurs in Job ix. 9; xxxviii. 31, 32, and Amos v. 8.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It consists of a number of stars (in the neck
-of Taurus) which appear to be near together. The
-brightest of them, marked η in all the maps,<note place='foot'>The others have names, but they were given by the Greeks from the names
-of the seven daughters of <hi rend='italic'>Atlas</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>Pleione</hi>. The Hyades were their sisters.
-Together they tell us that the saints will be secure with this mighty Lord when he
-comes to rule.</note> has
-come down to us with an Arabic name—<hi rend='italic'>Al Cyone</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>the centre</hi>, and has given the idea to
-some astronomers that it is the centre of the whole
-universe. The Syriac name for the Pleiades is
-<hi rend='italic'>Succoth</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>booths</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Another group of stars (on the face of the Bull)
-is known as <hi rend='italic'>The Hyades</hi>,<note place='foot'>The Pleiades and Hyades are sometimes spoken of as constellations, but this
-is a mistake; they are integral parts of Taurus.</note> which has the similar
-meaning of <hi rend='italic'>the congregated</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='122'/><anchor id='Pg122'/>
-
-<p>
-Other stars, not identified, are named <hi rend='italic'>Palilicium</hi>
-(Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>belonging to the judge</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Wasat</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>centre</hi>
-or <hi rend='italic'>foundation</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al Thuraiya</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the abundance</hi>;
-<hi rend='italic'>Vergiliæ</hi> (Latin), <hi rend='italic'>the centre</hi> (Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>vertex</hi>) <hi rend='italic'>turned on</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>rolled round</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Every thing points to the important truth, and
-all <emph>turns</emph> on the fact that the Lord is <hi rend='smallcaps'>coming to
-rule</hi>! This is the central truth of all prophecy.
-<q>The testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.</q>
-All hope for Creation, all hope for the world, all hope
-for Israel, all hope for the Church, turns on this, that
-<q>Jesus is coming again,</q> and that when He comes
-His saints, <q>the daughters of the King</q> (like the
-Pleiades and Hyades), will be with Him.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There is nothing of <q>the Church</q> revealed here.
-The Church will be caught up to meet the Lord in
-the air, to be for ever with the Lord (1 Thess. iv. 17)
-<emph>before</emph> He thus <emph>comes unto</emph> the world in judgment.
-He will <emph>come forth</emph> to receive the members of His
-Body unto Himself, before He thus comes with them
-to destroy all His enemies and <q>judge (or rule) the
-world in righteousness.</q> When we read this Sign
-of Taurus, therefore, we are to understand that
-His Church will be <emph>with</emph> Him, safe from all judgment.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There is very much in the Scripture of the Book,
-(as there is in the prophecies in the heavens) about
-the coming of the Lord in judgment; and about this
-time of His indignation. For Enoch, who doubtless
-was used in arranging these prophetic <emph>signs</emph>, uttered
-<pb n='123'/><anchor id='Pg123'/>
-the prophetic <emph>words</emph>, <q>Behold the Lord cometh with
-ten thousands of His saints to execute judgment
-upon all and to convict all that are ungodly</q>
-(Jude 14, 15).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We have said (pages <ref target='Pg017'>17</ref>, etc.) that at a very early
-period these signs were appropriated to the Twelve
-Tribes of Israel, and borne upon their <q>standards.</q>
-This may be traced in the Blessing of
-Jacob (Gen. xlix.), and in the Blessing of Moses
-(Deut. xxxiii.). Taurus was assigned to Joseph, or
-rather to his two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh,
-like the two powerful horns:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The firstling of his bullock (marg. <hi rend='italic'>his firstling bullock</hi>)—majesty is his,</q></l>
-<l>And his horns are the horns of the wild-ox (<hi rend='italic'>Reem</hi>).</l>
-<l>With them he shall <hi rend='smallcaps'>push</hi> (marg. <hi rend='italic'>gore</hi>) the peoples, all of them, even the ends of the earth.</l>
-<l>And they are the ten thousands of Ephraim,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And they are the thousands of Manasseh.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Deut. xxxiii, 17, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It is not, however, merely by men alone that this
-will be done, for David sings:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thou art my King, O <hi rend='smallcaps'>God</hi>....</q></l>
-<l>Through Thee will we <hi rend='smallcaps'>push</hi> down our enemies;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Through Thy Name will we tread them under that
-rise up against us.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xliv. 5.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>I will punish the world for their evil,</q></l>
-<l>And the wicked for their iniquity;</l>
-<l>I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease,</l>
-<l>And will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible....</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Every one that is found shall be <hi rend='smallcaps'>thrust through</hi>.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xiii. 11-15.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='124'/><anchor id='Pg124'/>
-
-<p>
-Speaking of that day, the Holy Spirit says by
-Isaiah:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='post'>For the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> hath indignation against all the nations,</q></l>
-<l>And fury against all their host:</l>
-<l>He hath utterly destroyed them,</l>
-<l>He hath delivered them to the slaughter....</l>
-<l>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> hath a sacrifice in Bozrah,</l>
-<l>And a great slaughter in the land of Edom,</l>
-<l>And the wild oxen [<hi rend='italic'>Reem</hi>] shall come down with them,</l>
-<l>And the bullocks with the bulls;</l>
-<l>And their land shall be drunken with blood,</l>
-<l>And their dust made fat with fatness.</l>
-<l>For it is the day of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord's</hi> vengeance,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The year of recompense in the controversy of Zion.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xxxiv. 2-8, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> cometh forth out of His place</q></l>
-<l>To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity:</l>
-<l>The earth also shall disclose her blood,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And shall no more cover her slain.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xxvi. 21.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is the united testimony of the two Revelations.
-It is pictured in the heavens, and it is written
-in the Book. It is the prophecy of a coming Judge,
-and of a coming judgment.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is, however, no mere <emph>Bull</emph> that is coming. It
-is a man, a glorious man, even <q>the Son of Man.</q>
-This is the first development, shown in the first of
-the three constellations belonging to the sign.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. ORION (The Coming Prince).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Light Breaking Forth in the Redeemer.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-29.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 29: ORION (the Glorious One)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This picture is to show that the coming one is
-no mere animal, but a man: a mighty, triumphant,
-glorious prince.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='125'/><anchor id='Pg125'/>
-
-<p>
-He is so pictured in the ancient Denderah Zodiac,
-where we see a man coming forth pointing to the
-three bright stars (<hi rend='italic'>Rigel</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>Bellatrix</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>Betelguez</hi>) as
-his. His name is given as <hi rend='italic'>Ha-ga-t</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>this is he who triumphs</hi>. The hieroglyphic characters
-below read <hi rend='italic'>Oar</hi>. Orion was anciently spelt <hi rend='italic'>Oarion</hi>,
-from the Hebrew root, which means <hi rend='italic'>light</hi>. So that
-Orion means <hi rend='italic'>coming forth as light</hi>. The ancient
-Akkadian was <hi rend='italic'>Ur-ana</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the light of heaven</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Orion is the most brilliant of all the constellations,
-and when he comes to the meridian he is accompanied
-by several adjacent constellations of great splendour.
-There is then above the horizon the most glorious
-view of the celestial bodies that the starry firmament
-affords; and this magnificent view is visible to all
-the habitable world, because the equinoctial line (or
-solstitial colure) passes nearly through the middle of
-Orion.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> thus sings of him:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Eastward, beyond the region of the Bull,</q></l>
-<l>Stands great Orion. And who, when night is clear,</l>
-<l>Beholds him gleaming bright, shall cast his eyes in vain</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>To find a Sign more glorious in all heaven.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-The constellation is mentioned by name, as being
-perfectly well known both by name and appearance, in
-the time of Job; and as being an object of familiar
-knowledge at that early period of the world's history.
-See Job ix. 9; xxxviii. 31, and Amos v. 8 (Heb. כְּסִיל,
-<hi rend='italic'>Chesil</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>a strong one</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>a hero</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>giant</hi>).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It contains 78 stars, two being of the 1st magnitude,
-four of the 2nd, four of the 3rd, sixteen of the
-4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='126'/><anchor id='Pg126'/>
-
-<p>
-A little way below ι (in the sword) is a very
-remarkable nebulous star. A common telescope will
-show that it is a beautiful nebula. A powerful
-telescope reveals it as consisting of collections of
-nebulous stars, these again being surrounded by faint
-luminous points, which still more powerful telescopes
-would resolve into separate stars.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus beautifully is set forth the brilliancy and
-glory of that <hi rend='italic'>Light</hi> which shall break forth when
-the moment comes for it to be said, <q>Arise, shine,
-for thy light is come.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The picture presents us with <q>the Light of the
-world.</q> His left foot is significantly placed upon
-the head of the enemy. He is girded with a glorious
-girdle, studded with three brilliant stars; and upon
-this girdle is hung a sharp sword. Its handle proves
-that this mighty Prince is come forth in a new
-character. He is again proved to be <q>the Lamb
-that was slain,</q> for the hilt of this sword is in the
-form of the head and body of a lamb. In his right
-hand he lifts on high his mighty club; while in his
-left he holds forth the token of his victory—the head
-and skin of the <q>roaring lion.</q> We ask in wonder,
-<q>Who is this?</q><note place='foot'>See Jer. xxx. 21; and Matt. xxi. 10.</note> and the names of the stars give
-us the answer.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest, α (in the right shoulder), is named
-<hi rend='italic'>Betelgeuz</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the coming</hi> (Mal. iii. 2) <hi rend='italic'>of the
-branch</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The next, β (in the left foot), is named <hi rend='italic'>Rigel</hi>, or
-<hi rend='italic'>Rigol</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the foot that crusheth</hi>. The foot
-<pb n='127'/><anchor id='Pg127'/>
-is lifted up, and placed immediately over the head
-of the enemy, as though in the very act of crushing
-it. Thus, the name of the star bespeaks the act.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The next star, γ (in the left shoulder), is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Bellatrix</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>quickly coming</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>swiftly
-destroying</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The name of the fourth star, δ (one of the three
-in the belt), carries us back to the old, old story,
-that this glorious One was once humbled; that His
-heel was once bruised. Its name is <hi rend='italic'>Al Nitak</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the
-wounded One</hi>.<note place='foot'>The star ζ (in the belt) is called <hi rend='italic'>Mintaka</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>dividing</hi>, as a sacrifice. (Lev. viii. 2.)</note> Similarly the star κ (in the right
-leg) is called <hi rend='italic'>Saiph</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>bruised</hi>, which is the very word
-used in Gen. iii. 15, thus connecting Orion with the
-primeval prophecy. Like Ophiuchus, he has one
-leg <emph>bruised</emph>; while, with the other, he is <emph>crushing</emph> the
-enemy under foot.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is betokened by other stars, not identified,
-named <hi rend='italic'>Al Rai</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who bruises</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who breaks</hi> (as in <hi rend='italic'>Cepheus</hi>);
-and <hi rend='italic'>Thabit</hi> (Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>treading on</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Other (Arabic) names relate to His Person: <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Giauzâ</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the branch</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al Gebor</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the mighty</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al Mirzam</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the ruler</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al Nagjed</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the prince</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Niphla</hi> (Chaldee),
-<hi rend='italic'>the mighty</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Nux</hi> (Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>the strong</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Some names relate to His coming, as <hi rend='italic'>Betelgeuse</hi>
-and <hi rend='italic'>Bellatrix</hi>, as above; <hi rend='italic'>Heka</hi> (Chaldee), <hi rend='italic'>coming</hi>;
-and <hi rend='italic'>Meissa</hi> (Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>coming forth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Such is the cumulative testimony of Orion's stars,
-which, day after day, and night after night, show
-forth this knowledge. That testimony was afterwards
-<pb n='128'/><anchor id='Pg128'/>
-written in the Book. The Prince of Glory,
-who was once wounded for the sins of His redeemed,
-is about to rise up and shine forth for their deliverance.
-Their redemption draweth nigh; for—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall go forth as a mighty man,</q></l>
-<l>He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war;</l>
-<l>He shall cry, yea, roar;</l>
-<l>He shall prevail against His enemies.</l>
-<l>I have [<hi rend='italic'>He says</hi>] long time holden my peace;</l>
-<l>I have been still, and refrained myself:</l>
-<l>Now will I cry like a travailing woman;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>I will destroy and devour at once.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xlii. 13, 14.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Then it will be said to His people (and the
-setting of the prophecy in its beautiful introverted
-structure shows us the beauty and glory of the truth
-it reveals):<note place='foot'><p>Note, that—
-</p>
-<p>
-In a and <hi rend='italic'>a</hi>, we have the rising of Israel;<lb/>
-In b and <hi rend='italic'>b</hi>, the light that is come upon her;<lb/>
-In c and <hi rend='italic'>c</hi>, the glory of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>; and<lb/>
-In d and <hi rend='italic'>d</hi>, the darkness of the world.
-</p></note>
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l>a | <emph>Arise</emph>,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'>b | Shine; for <emph>thy light</emph> is come,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 8'>c | And <emph>the glory of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi></emph> is risen upon thee.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 12'>d | For, behold, the <emph>darkness</emph> shall cover the earth,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 12'><hi rend='italic'>d</hi> | And gross <emph>darkness</emph> the people;</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 8'><hi rend='italic'>c</hi> | But <emph>the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi></emph> shall arise upon thee, and <emph>His glory</emph>
-shall be seen upon thee.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 4'><hi rend='italic'>b</hi> | And the Gentiles shall come to <emph>thy light</emph>,</l>
-<l><hi rend='italic'>a</hi> | And kings to the brightness of thy <emph>rising</emph>.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lx. 1-3.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is <q>the glory of God</q> which the heavens
-constantly declare (Ps. xix. 1). They tell of that
-blessed time when the whole earth shall be filled
-with His glory (Num. xiv. 21; Isa. xi. 9); when
-<q>the glory of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall be revealed, and all
-<pb n='129'/><anchor id='Pg129'/>
-flesh shall see it together</q> (Isa. xl. 5), as all see
-now the beauty of Orion's glory.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But side by side with the glory which the coming
-Light of the world shall bring for His people, there
-is <q>that wicked,</q> whom the Lord <q>shall destroy
-with the brightness of His coming.</q> Hence, as in
-the concluding chapter (IV.) of the <emph>First</emph> Book (of
-which this <emph>Third</emph> Book is the expansion) we had in
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Lyra</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>the harp</hi>), as § 1, Praise prepared for the
-Conqueror; and in ARA (<hi rend='italic'>the burning pyre</hi>), as § 2,
-Consuming fire prepared for His enemies: so in
-the <emph>first</emph> chapter of this book, we have in ORION,
-as § 1, Glory prepared for the Conqueror; and in
-ERIDANUS, as § 2, the River of wrath prepared
-for His enemies. This brings us to—
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. ERIDANUS (The River of the Judge).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The River of Wrath Breaking Forth for His Enemies.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It issues forth, in all the pictures, from the
-down-coming foot of Orion. While others see in it,
-from the ignorance of fabled story, only <q>the River
-Po,</q> or the <q>River Euphrates,</q> we see in it, from
-the meaning of its name, and from the significance
-of its position, <emph>the river of the Judge</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-30.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 30: ERIDANUS (the River)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Denderah Zodiac it is a river under the
-feet of Orion. It is named <hi rend='italic'>Peh-ta-t</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>the mouth of the river</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is an immense constellation, and our diagram
-is on a smaller scale than the others (which are all
-in relative proportion, except where otherwise noted).
-</p>
-
-<pb n='130'/><anchor id='Pg130'/>
-
-<p>
-According to the Britannic catalogue, it consists
-of 84 stars; one of the 1st magnitude, one of the
-2nd, eight of the 3rd, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (at the mouth of the river),
-bears the ancient name of <hi rend='italic'>Achernar</hi>, which is in, as
-its name means, <hi rend='italic'>the after part of the river</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The next star, β (at the source of the river), is
-named <hi rend='italic'>Cursa</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>bent down</hi>. The next,
-γ (at the second bend in the river), is called <hi rend='italic'>Zourac</hi>
-(Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>flowing</hi>. Other stars, not identified, are
-<hi rend='italic'>Pheat</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>mouth</hi> (of the river); and <hi rend='italic'>Ozha</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the going forth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here, then, we have a river flowing forth from
-before the glorious <hi rend='italic'>Orion</hi>. It runs in a serpentine
-course towards the lower regions, down, down, out of
-sight. In vain the sea monster, <hi rend='italic'>Cetus</hi>, strives to stop
-its flow. It is <q>the river of the Judge,</q> and speaks
-of that final judgment in which the wicked will be
-cast into the lake of fire. It was evidently originally
-associated with <emph>fire</emph>; for the Greek myths, though
-gross perversions, still so connect it. According to
-their fables, something went wrong with the chariot of
-the sun, and a universal conflagration was threatened.
-In the trouble, <hi rend='italic'>Phaeton</hi> (probably a reference to the
-star <hi rend='italic'>Pheat</hi>) was killed and hurled into this river, in
-which he was consumed with its fire. The whole earth
-suffered from such a burning heat that great disasters
-ensued. We see from this myth two great facts preserved
-in the perverted tradition, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, <emph>judgment</emph> and <emph>fire</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> also preserves the connection,—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>For yonder, trod by heavenly feet,</q></l>
-<l>Wind the scorched waters of Eridanus' tear-swollen flood,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Welling beneath Orion's uplifted foot.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='131'/><anchor id='Pg131'/>
-
-<p>
-Is not this the testimony afterwards written in
-<emph>the Book</emph>? Daniel sees this very river in his vision
-of that coming day, when the true Orion shall come
-forth in His glory. He says, <q>I beheld till the
-thrones were placed, and one that was ancient of
-days did sit:... His throne was fiery flames, and the
-wheels thereof burning fire. A <hi rend='smallcaps'>fiery stream issued
-and came forth from before Him</hi>.</q> This is <hi rend='italic'>the
-River of the Judge</hi>; for he goes on to say, <q>the judgment
-was set, and the books were opened</q> (Dan. vii.
-9-11, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We have the same in Ps. xcvii. 3-5 (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>), which
-describes the scene when the Lord shall reign:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>A <hi rend='smallcaps'>fire goeth before Him</hi>,</q></l>
-<l>And burneth up His adversaries round about.</l>
-<l>His lightnings lightened the world:</l>
-<l>The earth saw and trembled,</l>
-<l>The hills melted like wax at the presence of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>At the presence of the Lord of the whole earth.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-So again in Ps. l. 3, we read:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence,</q></l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>A fire shall devour before Him</hi>,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And it shall be very tempestuous round about Him.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-By Habakkuk the coming of the Lord is described;
-and it is written:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>His brightness was as the light, ...</q></l>
-<l>Before Him went the pestilence,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And burning coals went forth at His feet.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Hab. iii. 5.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-What is this but <hi rend='italic'>Orion</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>Eridanus</hi>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Again, it is written in Isaiah xxx. 27-33 (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>):
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, the name of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> cometh from far,</q></l>
-<l>Burning with His anger, and in thick rising smoke:</l>
-<pb n='132'/><anchor id='Pg132'/>
-<l>His lips are full of indignation,</l>
-<l>And His tongue is as a <hi rend='smallcaps'>devouring fire</hi>:</l>
-<l>And His breath is as <hi rend='smallcaps'>an overflowing stream</hi> [<hi rend='italic'>of fire</hi>]....</l>
-<l>For a Topheth is prepared of old;</l>
-<l>Yea, for the king [<hi rend='italic'>Moloch</hi>] it is made ready;</l>
-<l>He hath made it deep and large;</l>
-<l>The pile thereof is <hi rend='smallcaps'>fire</hi> and much wood;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The breath of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, <hi rend='smallcaps'>like a stream of brimstone</hi>, doth kindle it.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-So, again, we read in Nahum i. 5, 6:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The mountains quake at Him,</q></l>
-<l>And the hills melt;</l>
-<l>And the earth is burned up at His presence,</l>
-<l>Yea, the world and all that dwell therein.</l>
-<l>Who can stand before His indignation?</l>
-<l>And who can abide in the fierceness of His anger?</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>His fury is <hi rend='smallcaps'>poured out like fire</hi>.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-In Isa. lxvi. 15, 16, we read:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>For, behold, the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> will come with fire,</q></l>
-<l>And with His chariots like a whirlwind,</l>
-<l>To render His anger with fury,</l>
-<l>And His rebuke with <hi rend='smallcaps'>flames of fire</hi>,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>For <hi rend='smallcaps'>by fire</hi>, and by His sword, will the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> plead with
-all flesh.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-With this agree the New Testament scriptures,
-which speak of <q>the Day of the Lord,</q> <q>when the
-Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with His
-mighty angels, <hi rend='smallcaps'>in flaming fire</hi> taking vengeance on
-them that know not God, and that obey not the
-Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ</q> (2 Thess. i. 7, 8).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the true Eridanus. It is no mere <q>picture.</q>
-It is a dread reality! It is written in stars
-of fire, and words of truth, that men may heed the
-solemn warning and <q>flee from the wrath to come</q>!
-</p>
-
-<pb n='133'/><anchor id='Pg133'/>
-
-<p>
-But we ask, <q>Who may abide the day of His
-coming? and who shall stand when He appeareth</q>
-(Mal. iii. 2)? <q>Who can stand before His indignation,</q>
-when <q>His fury is poured out like fire</q>
-(Nah. i. 6)?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The answer is given in the next picture!
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. AURIGA (The Shepherd).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Safety for the Redeemed in the Day of Wrath.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here is presented to us the answer to the question,
-<q>Who may abide the day of His coming?</q>
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, the Lord <hi rend='smallcaps'>God</hi> (Adonai Jehovah) will come as a mighty one,</q></l>
-<l>And His arm shall rule for Him:</l>
-<l>Behold, His reward is with Him,</l>
-<l>And His recompense before Him.</l>
-<l>He shall feed His flock like a shepherd,</l>
-<l>He shall gather the lambs in His arm,</l>
-<l>And carry them in His bosom,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And shall gently lead those that give suck.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xl. 10, 11. <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is exactly what is presented before us in
-this last section of the chapter, which tells of the
-coming judgment. We have had the picture of a
-mighty <emph>Bull</emph> rushing forth; then the fiery river of
-<emph>the Judge</emph>; and now we see <emph>a Great Shepherd</emph>. He
-is seated upon <q>the milky way,</q> holding up on his
-left shoulder a she goat. She clings to his neck,
-and is looking down affrighted at the terrible on-rushing
-Bull. In his left hand he supports two
-<pb n='134'/><anchor id='Pg134'/>
-little kids, apparently just born, and bleating, and
-trembling with fear.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> says,—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>She is both large and bright, but they—the kids—</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Shine somewhat feebly on <hi rend='italic'>Auriga's</hi> wrist.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Is not this the Great Shepherd gathering the
-lambs in His arm? and carrying them in His
-bosom? Is He not saying:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>I will save My flock,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And they shall no more be a prey.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ezek. xxxiv. 22.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>And David my servant shall be king over them,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And they shall have one shepherd.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(<hi rend='italic'>ib.</hi> xxxvii. 24.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>And they shall fear no more,</q></l>
-<l>Nor be dismayed,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Neither shall they be lacking, saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Jer. xxiii. 4.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-31.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 31: AURIGA (the Shepherd)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Auriga</hi> is from a Hebrew root which means <hi rend='italic'>a
-shepherd</hi>. It is a beautiful constellation of 66 stars;
-one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, nine of
-the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the body of the goat),
-points her out as the prominent feature of the constellation,
-for its name <hi rend='italic'>Alioth</hi> (Hebrew) means <hi rend='italic'>a she
-goat</hi>. It is known by the modern Latin name <hi rend='italic'>Capella</hi>,
-which has the same meaning.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The next star, β (in the shepherd's right arm),
-is called <hi rend='italic'>Menkilinon</hi>, and means the <hi rend='italic'>band</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>chain
-of the goats</hi>, and points out the truth that they are
-never more to be lost again, but to be bound, with
-the bands of love, to the Shepherd for evermore.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='135'/><anchor id='Pg135'/>
-
-<p>
-The name of another star is <hi rend='italic'>Maaz</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>a flock of goats</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Can there be any mistake as to who this Shepherd
-is? for the bright star in his right foot is called <hi rend='italic'>El
-Nath</hi><note place='foot'>It is also reckoned in the horn of Taurus.</note> (like another in <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>), which means <hi rend='italic'>wounded</hi>
-or <hi rend='italic'>slain</hi>. This is He, then, who was once bruised
-or wounded in the heel. He is <q>the GOOD Shepherd,</q>
-who gave His life for the sheep (John x. 11),
-but He was <q>the GREAT Shepherd</q> brought again
-from the dead (Heb. xiii. 20); and is now the CHIEF
-Shepherd (1 Pet. v. 4) seen in the day of His coming
-glory. Another star emphasises this truth, for it is
-named <hi rend='italic'>Aiyuk</hi>, which also means <hi rend='italic'>wounded</hi> in the foot.<note place='foot'>The same as in 2 Sam. iv. 1.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star marking the kids is called <hi rend='italic'>Gedi</hi> (Hebrew),
-<hi rend='italic'>kids</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Latin, the word <hi rend='italic'>Auriga</hi> means a <hi rend='italic'>coachman</hi> or
-<hi rend='italic'>charioteer</hi>, the band in his right hand being taken
-as his <hi rend='italic'>reins</hi>. But the incongruity of a <hi rend='italic'>charioteer</hi> carrying
-a she-goat, and nursing two little kids, never
-struck them; nor did the fact that he has no chariot
-and no horses! When man blunders in the things
-of God, he does it thoroughly!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Zodiac of Denderah the same truth was
-revealed more than 4,000 years ago; but the Man,
-instead of carrying the sheep, is carrying a sceptre,
-and is called <hi rend='italic'>Trun</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>sceptre</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>power</hi>.
-But this is a strange sceptre, for at the top it
-has the head of a goat, and at the bottom, below
-<pb n='136'/><anchor id='Pg136'/>
-the hand that holds it, it ends in a cross! With
-the Egyptians the cross was a sign of <emph>life</emph>. They
-knew nothing of <q>the death of the cross.</q> Here,
-then, we see <emph>life</emph> and <emph>salvation</emph> for the sheep of
-His flock when He comes to reign and rule in
-judgment. The truth is precisely the same, though
-the presentation of it is somewhat varied.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The connected teaching of the two constellations,
-<hi rend='italic'>Eridanus</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>Auriga</hi>, is solemnly set forth in Mal. iv.
-1-3 (<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>):
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, the day cometh,</q></l>
-<l>It burneth as a furnace;</l>
-<l>And all the proud, and all that work wickedness, shall be stubble:</l>
-<l>And the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> of hosts,</l>
-<l>That it shall leave them neither root nor branch.</l>
-<l>BUT UNTO YOU that fear My name shall the Sun of Righteousness arise with healing in His wings;</l>
-<l>And ye shall go forth and gambol as calves of the stall.</l>
-<l>And ye shall tread down the wicked;</l>
-<l>For they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>In the day that I do make (marg. <hi rend='italic'>do this</hi>), saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> of hosts.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-In Psalm xxxvii. this day is repeatedly referred
-to, the day when <q>the wicked shall be cut off</q>;
-and it concludes by summarizing the same great
-truth (<hi rend='italic'>vv.</hi> 38-40, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>):
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>As for transgressors, they shall be destroyed together;</q></l>
-<l>The latter end of the wicked shall be cut off,</l>
-<l>But the salvation of the righteous is of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>:</l>
-<l>He is their stronghold in the time of trouble,</l>
-<l>And the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> helpeth them, and rescueth them;</l>
-<l>He rescueth them from the wicked and saveth them,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Because they have taken refuge in Him.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='137'/><anchor id='Pg137'/>
-
-<p>
-Oh, that all who read these pages may heed the
-solemn warning, and flee for refuge to Him who
-now, in this day of grace, is crying, <q>Look unto me,
-and be ye saved, O all ye ends of the earth</q>
-(Isa. xlv. 22).
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter II. The Sign GEMINI (The Twins).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Messiah's Reign as Prince of Peace.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-All the pictures of this sign are confused. The
-Greeks claimed to have invented them, and they
-called them Apollo and Hercules. They are
-given in our illustration. The Latins called the
-Castor and Pollux; and the name of a vessel in
-which Paul sailed is so called in Acts xxviii. 11,
-Διοσκούροι.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The name in the ancient Denderah Zodiac is
-<hi rend='italic'>Clusus</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Claustrum Hori</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the place of
-Him who cometh</hi>. It is represented by two human
-figures walking, or coming. The second appears to
-be a woman. The other appears to be a man. It
-is a tailed figure, the tail signifying <hi rend='italic'>He cometh</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-32.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 32: GEMINI (the Twins)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The old Coptic name was <hi rend='italic'>Pi-Mahi</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the united</hi>, as
-in brotherhood. Not necessarily united by being born
-at the same time, but <emph>united</emph> in one fellowship or
-brotherhood. The Hebrew name is <hi rend='italic'>Thaumim</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>united</hi>. The root is used in Exod. xxvi. 24:
-<pb n='138'/><anchor id='Pg138'/>
-<q>They (the two boards) shall be coupled together
-beneath.</q> In the margin we read, <q>Heb. <hi rend='italic'>twinned</hi></q>
-(<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi> double). The Arabic <hi rend='italic'>Al Tauman</hi> means the
-same.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We need not trouble ourselves with the Grecian
-myths, even though we can see through them the
-original and ancient truth. The two were both
-heroes of peculiar and extraordinary birth—sons of
-Jupiter. They were supposed to appear at the head
-of armies; and as they had cleared the seas of
-pirates, they were looked upon as the patron saints
-of navigation. (Hence the name of the ship in
-Acts xxviii. 11.) They were held in high esteem
-both by Greeks and Romans; and the common
-practice of taking oaths and of swearing by their
-names has descended even to our own day in the
-still surviving vulgar habit of swearing <q>By Gemini!</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The more ancient star-names help us to see
-through all these and many other myths, and to
-discern Him of whom they testify; even Him in
-His twofold nature—God and Man—and His twofold
-work of suffering and glory, and His twofold
-coming in humiliation and in triumph.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are 85 stars in the sign: two of the 2nd
-magnitude, four of the 3rd, six of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The name of α (in the head of the one at our
-right hand) is called <hi rend='italic'>Apollo</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>ruler</hi>, or
-<hi rend='italic'>judge</hi>; while β (in the head of the other) is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Hercules</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who cometh to labour</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>suffer</hi>. Another
-star, γ (in his left foot), is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Henah</hi>, which
-<pb n='139'/><anchor id='Pg139'/>
-means <hi rend='italic'>hurt</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>wounded</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>afflicted</hi>. Can we have a doubt
-as to what is the meaning of this double presentation?
-In <hi rend='italic'>Ophiuchus</hi> we have the two in one person: the
-crushed enemy, and the wounded heel. But here
-the two great primeval truths are presented in two
-persons; for He was <q>two persons in one God,</q>
-<q>God and man in one Christ.</q> As man, suffering
-for our redemption; as God, glorified for our complete
-salvation and final triumph. A star, ε (in the
-centre of his body), is called <hi rend='italic'>Waset</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>set</hi>, and tells of Him who <q>set His face like a
-flint</q> to accomplish this mighty Herculean work;
-and, when the time was come, <q>steadfastly set His
-face to go</q> to complete it.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He bears in his right hand (in some pictures) a
-palm branch. In the one from which our illustration
-is taken, it is a club; but both the club of
-this one and the bow of the other are <emph>in repose</emph>!
-These united ones are neither in action nor are
-they preparing for action, but they are <emph>at rest</emph> and
-<emph>in peace</emph> after victory won. The star ε (in the knee of
-the other, <q>Apollo</q>) is called <hi rend='italic'>Mebsuta</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>treading under feet</hi>. The names of other stars, which
-are not identified, have come down to us with the
-same testimony. One is called <hi rend='italic'>Propus</hi> (Hebrew),
-<hi rend='italic'>the branch</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>spreading</hi>; another is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Giauzâ</hi>
-(Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the palm branch</hi>; another is named <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Dirâ</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the seed</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>branch</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The day has here come to fulfil the prophecies
-concerning Him who is <q>the Branch,</q> <q>the Branch
-of Jehovah,</q> <q>the man whose name is the Branch.</q>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='140'/><anchor id='Pg140'/>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>In that day shall the Branch of Jehovah be beautiful and glorious;</q></l>
-<l>And the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>For them that are escaped of Israel.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. iv. 2.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness,</q></l>
-<l>And princes shall rule in judgment;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xxxii. 1, 2.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, the days come, saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>,</q></l>
-<l>That I will raise unto David a righteous Branch,</l>
-<l>And He shall reign as King and deal wisely,</l>
-<l>And shall execute judgment and justice in the land.</l>
-<l>In His days Judah shall be saved,</l>
-<l>And Israel shall dwell safely:</l>
-<l>And this is His name whereby He shall be called,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> is our Righteousness.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Jer. xxiii. 5, 6, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, the days come, saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>,</q></l>
-<l>That I will perform that good word which I have spoken</l>
-<l>Concerning the house of Israel and concerning the house of Judah.</l>
-<l>In those days, and at that time.</l>
-<l>Will I cause a Branch of Righteousness to grow up unto David;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And He shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Jer. xxxiii. 14, 15, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is what we see in this sign—Messiah's
-peaceful reign. All is rest and repose. We see
-<q>His days,</q> in which <q>the righteous shall flourish;
-and abundance of peace, so long as the moon endureth</q>
-(Ps. lxxii.).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But, for this blessed time to come, there must
-be no enemy! All enemies must be subdued.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This brings us to the first section of this book.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='141'/><anchor id='Pg141'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. LEPUS (the Hare), THE ENEMY.</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Enemy Trodden under Foot.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The names of the three constellations of this
-Sign, as well as the pictures, are all more or less
-modern, as is manifest from the names being in
-<emph>Latin</emph>, and having no relation to the ancient names
-of their stars. To learn their real meaning, therefore,
-we must have recourse to the ancient Zodiacs.
-In the Persian planisphere the first constellation was
-pictured by a <emph>serpent</emph>. In the Denderah (Egyptian)
-Zodiac it is an unclean bird standing on the serpent,
-which is under the feet of Orion. Its name there is
-given as <hi rend='italic'>Bashti-beki</hi>. <hi rend='italic'>Bashti</hi> means <hi rend='italic'>confounded</hi>, and
-<hi rend='italic'>Beki</hi> means <hi rend='italic'>failing</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-33.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 33: LEPUS (the Hare) or ENEMY</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> says,—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Below Orion's feet, the Hare</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Is chased eternally.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It is a small constellation of 19 stars (all small),
-three of which are of the 3rd magnitude, seven of
-the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest, α (in the body), has a Hebrew
-name, <hi rend='italic'>Arnebo</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the enemy of Him that
-cometh</hi>. The Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>Arnebeth</hi>, means the same.
-Other stars, not identified, are <hi rend='italic'>Nibal</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the mad</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Rakis</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the bound</hi> (Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>with a chain</hi>); <hi rend='italic'>Sugia</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the deceiver</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There can be no mistaking the voice of this
-united testimony. For this enemy is under the
-down-coming foot of Orion, and it tells of the
-blessed fact that when the true Orion, <q>the Sun of
-<pb n='142'/><anchor id='Pg142'/>
-Righteousness, shall arise,</q> and <q>the true light</q>
-shall shine over all the earth, He <q>shall tread down
-the wicked</q> (Mal. iv.), and every enemy will be
-subdued under His feet. <q>It is He that shall tread
-down our enemies</q> (Ps. lx. 12), as He has said:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>I will tread them in Mine anger,</q></l>
-<l>And trample them in My fury ...</l>
-<l>For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And the year of My redeemed is come.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lxiii. 3, 4.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. CANIS MAJOR (The Dog), or SIRIUS (The Prince).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The coming Glorious Prince of Princes (Sirius).</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This second constellation carries on the teaching,
-and tells of the glorious Prince who will thus subdue
-and reign.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Denderah Zodiac he is called <hi rend='italic'>Apes</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>the head</hi>. He is pictured as a hawk (<hi rend='italic'>Naz</hi>,
-נַץ, <hi rend='italic'>caused to come forth</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>coming swiftly down</hi>). The
-hawk is the natural enemy of the serpent, and here
-it has on its head a pestle and mortar, indicating
-the fact that he shall crush the head of the enemy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Persian planisphere it is pictured as <hi rend='italic'>a
-wolf</hi>, and is called <hi rend='italic'>Zeeb</hi>, which in Hebrew (זְאֵב) has
-the same meaning. Plutarch translates it Προόπτης,
-<hi rend='italic'>Leader</hi>. In Arabic it means <hi rend='italic'>coming quickly</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-34.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 34: CANIS MAJOR (the Dog) and CANIS MINOR (the Second Dog)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its ancient name and meaning must be obtained
-from the names of its stars which have come down
-<pb n='143'/><anchor id='Pg143'/>
-to us. There are 64 altogether. Two are of the
-1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, four of the 3rd, four
-of the 4th, etc. Of these α (in the head) is the
-brightest in the whole heavens! It is called <hi rend='italic'>Sirius</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>the Prince</hi> (שַׂר, <hi rend='italic'>Sar</hi>), as in Isa. ix. 6.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='italic'>Sirius</hi><note place='foot'>Our English <q>Sir</q> is derived from this word.</note> was, by the ancients, always associated
-with great heat. And the hottest part of the year
-we still call <q>the dog days,</q> though, through the
-variation as observed in different latitudes, and the
-precession of the equinoxes, its rising has long ceased
-to have any relation to those days. Virgil says that
-Sirius
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q>With pestilential heat infects the sky.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Homer spoke of it as a star
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Whose burning breath</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Taints the red air with fevers, plagues, and death.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It is not, however, of its heat that its name speaks,
-but of the fact that it is the brightest of all the
-stars, as He of whom it witnesses is the <q>Prince of
-princes,</q> <q>the Prince of the Kings of the earth.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Though this <q>Dog-Star</q> came to have an ill-omened
-association, it was not so in more ancient
-times. In the ancient Akkadian it is called <hi rend='italic'>Kaṡiṡta</hi>,
-which means <hi rend='italic'>the Leader</hi> and Prince of the heavenly
-host. While (as Mr. Robert Brown, Junr., points out)
-<q>the Sacred Books of Persia contain many praises
-of the star <hi rend='italic'>Tistrya</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>Tistar</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Sirius</hi>), <q>the chieftain
-of the East.</q></q><note place='foot'><hi rend='italic'>Euphratean Stellar Researches</hi>.</note>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='144'/><anchor id='Pg144'/>
-
-<p>
-The next star, β (in the left fore foot), speaks the
-same truth. It is named <hi rend='italic'>Mirzam</hi>, and means <hi rend='italic'>the
-prince</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>ruler</hi>. The star δ (in the body) is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Wesen</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the bright</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the shining</hi>. The star ε (in the right
-hind leg) is called <hi rend='italic'>Adhara</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the glorious</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Other stars, not identified, bear their witness to
-the same fact. Their names are—<hi rend='italic'>Aschere</hi> (Hebrew),
-<hi rend='italic'>who shall come</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al Shira Al Jemeniya</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the
-Prince or chief of the right hand</hi>! <hi rend='italic'>Seir</hi> (Egyptian),
-<hi rend='italic'>the Prince</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Abur</hi> (Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>the mighty</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Al Habor</hi>
-(Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the mighty</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Muliphen</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the leader</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the
-chief</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here there is no conflicting voice; no discord in
-the harmonious testimony to Him whose name is
-called <q>Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God ...
-the Prince of Peace</q> (Isa. ix. 6).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The names of the stars have no meaning whatever
-as applied to an Egyptian Hawk, or a Greek
-Dog. But they are full of significance when we apply
-them to Him of whom Jehovah says:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Behold, I have given Him for a witness to the people,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>A <hi rend='smallcaps'>Leader</hi> and commander to the people.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lv. 4.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is <q>the Prince of princes</q> (Dan. viii. 23, 25)
-against whom, <q>when transgressors are come to the
-full, a king of fierce countenance ... shall stand up,</q>
-<q>but he shall be broken without hand,</q> for he shall
-be destroyed <q>with the brightness of His coming</q>
-(2 Thess. ii. 8). This is He who shall come forth
-<q>King of kings and Lord of Lords</q> (Rev. xix. 16).
-</p>
-
-<pb n='145'/><anchor id='Pg145'/>
-
-<p>
-But Sirius has a companion, and this brings
-us to—
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. CANIS MINOR (The Second Dog).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Exalted Redeemer (Procyon).</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The same facts are to be remembered concerning
-the Greek picture, and Latin name of this constellation.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Egyptian name in the Denderah Zodiac is
-<hi rend='italic'>Sebak</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>conquering</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>victorious</hi>. It is represented
-as a human figure with a hawk's head and
-the appendage of a tail.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This small constellation has only 14 stars according
-to the Britannic catalogue. One of the 1st
-magnitude, one of the 2nd, one of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the body), is named
-<hi rend='italic'>Procyon</hi>, which means <hi rend='smallcaps'>Redeemer</hi>, and it tells us
-that this glorious Prince is none other than the one
-who was slain. Just as this chapter begins with <emph>two</emph>
-persons in one in the Sign (Gemini), one <emph>victorious</emph>,
-the other <emph>wounded</emph>; so it ends with a representation
-of two princes, one of whom is seen triumphant and
-the other as the Redeemer. This is confirmed by
-the next star, β (in the neck), which is named <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Gomeisa</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the burthened</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>loaded</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>bearing for
-others</hi>. The names of the other stars, not identified,
-still further confirm the great truth; <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>Al Shira</hi>,
-or <hi rend='italic'>Al Shemeliya</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the prince</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>chief of the left
-hand</hi>, answering to the star in <hi rend='italic'>Sirius</hi>. One <hi rend='italic'>right</hi>, the
-other <hi rend='italic'>left</hi>, as the two united youths are placed. <hi rend='italic'>Al</hi>
-<pb n='146'/><anchor id='Pg146'/>
-<hi rend='italic'>Mirzam</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the prince</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>ruler</hi>; and <hi rend='italic'>Al Gomeyra</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>who
-completes</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>perfects</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This does, indeed, complete and perfect the presentation
-of this chapter: Messiah's reign as Prince
-of Peace; the enemy trodden under foot by the
-glorious <q>Prince of princes,</q> who is none other than
-the glorified Redeemer.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is also what is written in the Book:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Shall the prey be taken from the mighty,</q></l>
-<l>Or the lawful captives<note place='foot'>Marg., <q><hi rend='italic'>the captives of the just</hi>,</q> or, as read by <hi rend='italic'>the Vulg.</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>Syr.</hi>, <q><hi rend='italic'>the
-captives of the terrible</hi>.</q></note> be delivered?</l>
-<l>But thus saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>,</l>
-<l>Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away,</l>
-<l>And the prey of the terrible shall be delivered:</l>
-<l>For I will contend with him that contendeth with thee,</l>
-<l>And I will save thy children.</l>
-<l>And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh;</l>
-<l>And they shall be drunken with their own blood as with sweet wine;</l>
-<l>And all flesh shall know that I the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> am thy Saviour,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And thy REDEEMER—the Mighty One of Jacob.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xlix. 24-26, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>When the enemy shall come in like a flood,</q></l>
-<l>The Spirit of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall lift up a standard against him,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And the REDEEMER shall come to Zion.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lix, 19, 20.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>And He shall divide the spoil with the strong,</q></l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Because He hath poured out His soul unto death.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. liii. 12.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='147'/><anchor id='Pg147'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter III. The Sign CANCER (The Crab).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Messiah's Redeemed Possessions held fast.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-With regard to the sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Cancer</hi>, one thing is
-certain, that we have not got the original picture, or
-anything like it.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It does not agree with the names either of its
-three constellations which have come down to us, or
-of its stars.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the ancient Denderah Zodiac it is represented
-as a <hi rend='italic'>Scarabæus</hi>, or sacred beetle.<note place='foot'>The Scarabæus, passing its early existence as a worm of the earth, and
-thence issuing as a winged denizen of heaven, was held sacred by the Egyptians
-as an emblem of the resurrection of the body.</note> In the Zodiac
-of Esneh and in a Hindu Zodiac (400 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>) it is the
-same.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-35.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 35: CANCER (the Crab)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-According to the Greeks, Jupiter placed this Crab
-amongst the signs of the Zodiac.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Sir William Jones's Oriental Zodiac we meet
-with a crab, and an Egyptian Zodiac found at Rome
-bears also the crab in this sign.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The more ancient Egyptians placed <hi rend='italic'>Hermanubis</hi>,
-or <hi rend='italic'>Hermes</hi>, with the head of an ibis or hawk, as the
-symbol of the sign now allotted to Cancer.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Denderah name is <hi rend='italic'>Klaria</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>the cattle-folds</hi>,
-and in this name we have the key to the meaning
-of the sign, and to the subject of this chapter.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='148'/><anchor id='Pg148'/>
-
-<p>
-The Arabic name is <hi rend='italic'>Al Sartan</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>who
-holds</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>binds</hi>, and may be from the Hebrew אָסַר, <hi rend='italic'>to
-bind together</hi> (Gen. xlix. 11). There is no ancient
-Hebrew word known for the crab. It was classed
-with many other unclean creatures, and would be
-included in the general term <q>vermin.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Syriac, <hi rend='italic'>Sartano</hi>, means the same. The Greek
-name is <hi rend='italic'>Karkinos</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>holding</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>encircling</hi>,
-as does the Latin, <hi rend='italic'>Cancer</hi>, and hence is applied to
-the crab. In the word <hi rend='italic'>Khan</hi>, we have the traveller's
-rest or <hi rend='italic'>inn</hi>; while <hi rend='italic'>Ker</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>Cer</hi> is the Arabic for <hi rend='italic'>encircling</hi>.
-The ancient Akkadian name of the month
-is <hi rend='italic'>Su-kul-na</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the seizer</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>possessor of seed</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The sign contains 83 stars, one of which is of
-the 3rd magnitude, and seven are of the 4th magnitude,
-and the remainder of inferior magnitudes.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the centre of the Sign there is a remarkably
-bright cluster of stars, so bright that they can be
-sometimes seen with the naked eye. It looks like
-a comet, and is made up of a great multitude of
-stars. Modern astronomers have called it the <hi rend='italic'>Beehive</hi>.
-But its ancient name has come down to us as
-Praesepe, which means <hi rend='italic'>a multitude</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>offspring</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, ζ (in the head), is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Tegmine</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>holding</hi>. The star α (or α<hi rend='vertical-align: super'>1</hi> and α<hi rend='vertical-align: super'>2</hi>), in the
-lower large claw, is called <hi rend='italic'>Acubene</hi>, which, in Hebrew
-and Arabic, means <hi rend='italic'>the sheltering</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>hiding-place</hi>.
-Another is named <hi rend='italic'>Ma'alaph</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>assembled thousands</hi>;
-<hi rend='italic'>Al Himarein</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the kids</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>lambs</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-North and south of the nebula <hi rend='italic'>Praesepe</hi> are two
-stars, which Orientalists speak of by a name evidently
-<pb n='149'/><anchor id='Pg149'/>
-of some antiquity. <hi rend='italic'>Asellus</hi> means an <hi rend='italic'>Ass</hi>, and one
-was called <hi rend='italic'>Asellus Boreas</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the northern Ass</hi>; while the
-other, <hi rend='italic'>Asellus Australis</hi>, is <hi rend='italic'>the southern Ass</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The sign was afterwards known by the symbol ♋,
-which stands for these two asses.<note place='foot'>The <hi rend='italic'>Ass</hi> was the emblem of <hi rend='italic'>Typhon</hi>, the king <hi rend='italic'>who smites</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>is smitten</hi>.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This connects it with the Tribe of Issachar, who
-is said to have borne upon the Tribal standard the
-sign of <emph>two asses</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is doubtless the reference in Jacob's blessing
-(Gen. xlix. 11, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>):—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Issachar is a strong ass,</q></l>
-<l>Couching down between the sheepfolds;</l>
-<l>And he saw a resting-place that it was good;</l>
-<l>And the land that it was pleasant;</l>
-<l>And he bowed his shoulder to bear,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And became a servant under task work.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Have we not here the gathering up of the teaching
-of this sign—
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Messiah's redeemed possessions held fast.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here we come to the completion of His work.
-In <hi rend='smallcaps'>Cancer</hi> we see it with reference to His <emph>redeemed</emph>,
-and in the next (the last) Sign, <hi rend='smallcaps'>Leo</hi>, with reference
-to His <emph>enemies</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The three constellations develope the truth. What
-is now called <hi rend='italic'>Ursa Minor</hi> is <hi rend='italic'>the Lesser Flock</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Ursa
-Major</hi> gives us <hi rend='italic'>The Sheepfold and the Sheep</hi>; while
-<hi rend='italic'>Argo</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>The Ship</hi>, shows the travellers and the pilgrims
-brought safely home—all conflict over.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To accomplish this, we see the true Issachar
-bowing his shoulder to bear. He could say, <q>My
-<pb n='150'/><anchor id='Pg150'/>
-soul is bowed down</q> (Ps. lvii. 6). <hi rend='smallcaps'>He</hi> became a
-servant, and humbled Himself to death. <hi rend='smallcaps'>He</hi> undertook
-the mighty task of saving His people from their
-sins. <q>Their Redeemer is strong</q> (Jer. l. 34); for
-help was laid on <q>One that was mighty</q> (Ps. lxxxix.
-19). And His redeemed shall come to a resting-place
-that is good, and to a land that is pleasant. No
-earthly Khan on earth affords them a home. They
-look for a heavenly home, and in the many mansions
-of the Father's house they shall find eternal rest.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here we see that sheltering home to which the
-names of these stars point; where the assembled
-thousands (<hi rend='italic'>Ma'alaph</hi>) shall be received into the true
-<hi rend='italic'>Klaria</hi>, even the <q>everlasting habitations.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These are now to be shown to us.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. URSA MINOR (The Little Bear).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Lesser Sheepfold.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here we come to another grievous mistake, or
-ignorant perversion of primitive truth, as shown in
-the ancient names of these two constellations.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is sufficient to point to the fact that no Bear
-is found in any Chaldean, Egyptian, Persian, or Indian
-Zodiacs, and that no bear was ever seen with such a
-tail! No one who had ever seen a bear would have
-called attention to a tail, such as no bear ever had,
-by placing in its very tip the most important, wondrous,
-and mysterious Polar Star, the central star
-of the heavens, round which all others revolve. The
-patriarchal astronomers, we may be sure, committed
-no such folly as this.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='151'/><anchor id='Pg151'/>
-
-<p>
-The primitive truth that there were <emph>two</emph>, or a
-pair of constellations is preserved; and that of these
-two, one is larger, and the other smaller. But
-what were they? We have the clue to the answer
-in the name of the brightest star of the larger constellation,
-which is called <hi rend='italic'>Dubheh</hi>. Now <hi rend='italic'>Dubheh</hi>
-means <hi rend='italic'>a herd of animals</hi>. In Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>Dubah</hi> means
-<hi rend='italic'>cattle</hi>. In Hebrew, דֹּבֶר, <hi rend='italic'>Dōhver</hi>, is <hi rend='italic'>a fold</hi>; and hence
-in Chaldee it meant <hi rend='italic'>wealth</hi>. The Hebrew דֹּבֶא, <hi rend='italic'>Dōhveh</hi>,
-means <hi rend='italic'>rest</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>security</hi>; and certainly there is not
-much of either to be found or enjoyed with bears!
-The word occurs in Deut. xxxiii. 25: <q>As thy days
-so shall thy strength be.</q> The Revised Version gives
-in the margin, <q>So shall <hi rend='italic'>thy rest</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>security</hi> be.</q>
-This accords with what we have already seen under
-<q><hi rend='smallcaps'>Cancer</hi></q>: <q>Couching down between the sheepfolds,<note place='foot'>The word is so rendered in Judges v. 16, in <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.v.</hi></note>
-he saw a resting-place that it was good.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here are the two Sheepfolds, then; the Greater
-fold, and Lesser; and here is the <emph>rest</emph> and <emph>security</emph>
-which the flocks will find therein.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But in Hebrew there is a word very similar in
-sound, though not in spelling—דֹּב or דּוֹב, <hi rend='italic'>dōhv</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>a bear</hi>! So we find in Arabic <hi rend='italic'>dub</hi>; Persian,
-<hi rend='italic'>deeb</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>dob</hi>. We can see, therefore, how the Hebrew
-<hi rend='italic'>Dōhver</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>a fold</hi>, and <hi rend='italic'>Dōhv</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>a bear</hi>, were confused; and
-how the Arabic <hi rend='italic'>Dubah</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>cattle</hi>, might easily have been
-mistaken by the Greeks, and understood as a bear.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-36.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 36: URSA MINOR</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The constellation, which we must therefore call <hi rend='smallcaps'>the
-lesser sheepfold</hi>, contains 24 stars, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, one of the
-2nd magnitude, two of the 3rd, four of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='152'/><anchor id='Pg152'/>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (at the point of the tail),
-is the most important in the whole heavens. It is
-named <hi rend='italic'>Al Ruccaba</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the turned</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>ridden
-on</hi>, and is to-day the Polar or central star, which
-does not revolve in a circle as does every other
-star, but remains, apparently, fixed in its position.
-But though the star does not revolve like the others,
-the central point in the heavens is very slowly but
-steadily moving. When these constellations were
-formed the Dragon possessed this important point,
-and the star α, in <hi rend='italic'>Draco</hi>, marked this central point.
-But, by its gradual recession, that point is sufficiently
-near this star <hi rend='italic'>Ruccaba</hi>, in the <hi rend='italic'>Lesser Sheepfold</hi>, for it to
-be what is called <q>the Polar Star.</q> But, how could
-this have been known five or six thousand years ago?
-How could it have been known when it received its
-name, which means <hi rend='italic'>the turned</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>ridden on</hi>? That it
-was known is clear: so likewise was it made known in
-the written Word that the original blessing included
-not merely the multiplication of the seed of faithful
-Abraham, but it was then added, <q>And thy seed
-shall possess the gate of his enemies</q> (Gen. xxii. 17).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This star was called by the Greeks Κυνόσουρα, the
-<q><hi rend='italic'>Cynosure</hi>.</q> <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> seems to apply this term to
-the whole of the seven stars of the <hi rend='italic'>Lesser Bear</hi>.
-Mr. Robert Brown, Junr., shows<note place='foot'><hi rend='italic'>Euphratean Stellar Researches</hi>, pp. 8, 9.</note> that Κυνόσουρα, once
-supposed to be Hellenic, is non-Hellenic, and possibly
-Euphratean in origin, from a word which he transliterates
-<hi rend='italic'>An-nas-sur-ra</hi>, and renders it, <q>as it literally
-means, <hi rend='italic'>high in</hi> rising, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, in heavenly position.</q> Is
-<pb n='153'/><anchor id='Pg153'/>
-not this the primitive truth of the Revelation? Will
-not this Lesser Fold be high, yea, the highest in
-heavenly position?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Polar Star has been removed from the
-Dragon, and is now in <hi rend='italic'>the Lesser Fold</hi>; and when the
-Dragon shall be cast down from the heavens, the
-heavenly seed will be safely folded there. But this is
-<hi rend='italic'>the Lesser Sheepfold</hi>. These are they who all through
-the ages have been <q>partakers of the heavenly calling,</q>
-who desired a better country, that is, a <emph>heavenly</emph>;
-wherefore God <q>hath prepared for them a city,</q> the
-city for which Abraham himself <q>looked.</q> This was
-no earthly city, but a city <q>whose builder and
-maker is God</q> (Heb. xi. 10-16). These have always
-been a smaller company, a <q>little flock,</q> but the
-kingdom shall be theirs, even the kingdom of God,
-for which they now look and wait. They have not
-yet <q>received the promises; but, having seen them
-afar off</q> by faith, they <q>were persuaded of them,
-and embraced them, and confessed that they were
-strangers and pilgrims on the earth</q> (Heb. xi. 13).
-Their Messiah has accomplished <q>the redemption of
-the purchased possession,</q> and in due time the
-redeemed will inherit it, <q>unto the praise of His
-glory</q> (Eph. i. 13).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The bright star β is named <hi rend='italic'>Kochab</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>waiting Him who cometh</hi>. Other stars, not identified,
-are named <hi rend='italic'>Al Pherkadain</hi> (Arabic), which means <hi rend='italic'>the
-calves</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>the young</hi> (as in Deut. xxii. 6), <hi rend='italic'>the redeemed
-assembly</hi>. Another, <hi rend='italic'>Al Gedi</hi>, means <hi rend='italic'>the kid</hi>. Another
-is <hi rend='italic'>Al Kaid</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the assembled</hi>; while <hi rend='italic'>Arcas</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Arctos</hi>
-<pb n='154'/><anchor id='Pg154'/>
-(from which we derive the term <hi rend='italic'>Arctic</hi> regions),
-means, according to one interpreter, <hi rend='italic'>a travelling
-company</hi>; or, according to another, <hi rend='italic'>the stronghold of
-the saved</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But there is not only the heavenly seed, which
-is compared <q>to the stars of heaven,</q> but there is
-the seed that is compared to <q>the sand of the sea</q>—the
-larger flock or company, who will enjoy the
-earthly blessing.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This brings us to—
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. URSA MAJOR (The Great Bear).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Fold and the Flock.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Of these it is written:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>But in Mount Zion there shall be those that escape,</q></l>
-<l>And it shall be holy:</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And the house of Jacob shall possess their possessions.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Obad. 17-19, <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It is a large and important constellation, containing
-87 stars, of which one is of the 1st magnitude,
-four of the 2nd, three of the 3rd, ten of the
-4th, etc. It always presents a splendid appearance,
-and is perhaps, therefore, the best known of all the
-constellations.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Book of Job (ix. 9, and xxxviii. 31, 32)
-it is mentioned under the name of <hi rend='italic'>Ash</hi>. <q>Canst
-thou guide <hi rend='italic'>Ash</hi> and her offspring?</q> which is rendered
-in the <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.v.</hi>, <q>Arcturus and his sons,</q> and in
-the <hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>, <q>The Bear with her train</q> (marg., <q><hi rend='italic'>sons</hi></q>).
-<pb n='155'/><anchor id='Pg155'/>
-The Arabs still call it <hi rend='italic'>Al Naish</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>Annaish</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the
-assembled together</hi>, as sheep in a fold. The ancient
-Jewish commentators interpreted <hi rend='italic'>Ash</hi> as the seven
-stars of this constellation. They are called by others
-<hi rend='italic'>Septentriones</hi>, which thus became the Latin word for
-<hi rend='italic'>North</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-37.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 37: URSA MAJOR</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the back), is named
-<hi rend='italic'>Dubhe</hi>, which, as we have seen, means <hi rend='italic'>a herd of
-animals</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>a flock</hi>, and gives its name to the whole
-constellation.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star β (below it) is named <hi rend='italic'>Merach</hi> (Hebrew),
-<hi rend='italic'>the flock</hi> (Arabic, <hi rend='italic'>purchased</hi>).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star γ (on the left of [Greek: beta]) is called <hi rend='italic'>Phaeda</hi>, or
-<hi rend='italic'>Phacda</hi>, meaning <hi rend='italic'>visited</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>guarded</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>numbered</hi>, as a
-flock; for His sheep, like the stars, are both <emph>numbered</emph>
-and <emph>named</emph>. (See Psalm cxlvii. 4.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star ε is called <hi rend='italic'>Alioth</hi>, a name we have had
-in <hi rend='italic'>Auriga</hi>, meaning <hi rend='italic'>a she goat</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star ζ (in the middle of the tail) is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Mizar</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>separate</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>small</hi>, and close to it <hi rend='italic'>Al Cor</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the
-Lamb</hi> (known as <q>g</q>).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star η (at the end of the so-called tail) is
-named <hi rend='italic'>Benet Naish</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the daughters of the assembly</hi>.
-It is also called <hi rend='italic'>Al Kaid</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the assembled</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The star ι (in its right foot) is called <hi rend='italic'>Talitha</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The names of other stars, not identified, all give
-the same testimony: <hi rend='italic'>El Alcola</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the sheep-fold</hi>
-(as in Ps. xcv. 7; and c. 3); <hi rend='italic'>Cab'd al Asad</hi>,
-<hi rend='italic'>multitude</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>many assembled</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Annaish</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the assembled</hi>;
-<hi rend='italic'>Megrez</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>separated</hi>, as the flock in the fold; <hi rend='italic'>El Kaphrah</hi>,
-<pb n='156'/><anchor id='Pg156'/>
-<hi rend='italic'>protected</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>covered</hi> (Heb. <hi rend='italic'>redeemed</hi> and <hi rend='italic'>ransomed</hi>); <hi rend='italic'>Dubheh
-Lachar</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the latter herd</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>flock</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Helike</hi> (so
-called by <hi rend='smallcaps'>Homer</hi> in the <hi rend='italic'>Iliad</hi>), <hi rend='italic'>company of travellers</hi>;
-<hi rend='italic'>Amaza</hi> (Greek), <hi rend='italic'>coming and going</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Calisto</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the sheepfold
-set</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>appointed</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There is not one discordant voice in the rich
-abundance of this testimony. We have nothing to do
-here with the Grecian myths about bears or wild
-boars. We see only the innumerable seed <emph>gathered</emph>
-by Him who <emph>scattered</emph> (Jer. xxxi. 10).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Many are the Scriptures we might quote which
-speak of this gathering and assembling of the long-scattered
-flock. It is written as plainly in the Book,
-as it is in the heavens. The prophecies of this
-gathering are as conspicuous in the Word of God
-as the <q><hi rend='italic'>Seven Stars</hi></q> are in the sky. It is difficult
-even to make a selection from the wealth of such
-promises; but few are more beautiful than that in
-Ezek. xxxiv. 12-16:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>As a shepherd seeketh out his flock</q></l>
-<l>In the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered;</l>
-<l>So will I seek out my sheep,</l>
-<l>And will deliver them out of all places where they have been scattered in the cloudy and dark day.</l>
-<l>And I will bring them out from the people,</l>
-<l>And gather them from the countries,</l>
-<l>And will bring them to their own land,</l>
-<l>And feed them upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers</l>
-<l>And in all the inhabited places of the country.</l>
-<l>I will feed them in a good pasture,</l>
-<l>And upon the high mountains of Israel shall their fold be:</l>
-<l>There shall they lie in a good fold,</l>
-<pb n='157'/><anchor id='Pg157'/>
-<l>And in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains
-of Israel.</l>
-<l>I will feed my flock,</l>
-<l>And I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord <hi rend='smallcaps'>God</hi>.
-(Adonai Jehovah).</l>
-<l>I will seek that which was lost,</l>
-<l>And bring again that which was driven away,</l>
-<l>And will bind up that which was broken,</l>
-<l>And will strengthen that which was sick:</l>
-<l>But I will destroy the fat and the strong;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>I will feed them with judgment.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It is of this judgment with which this book, and
-indeed the whole Revelation, ends, in the next and
-final chapter.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But before we come to that we have one more
-picture in the third constellation of this Sign, which
-combines the first two in one.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. ARGO (The Ship).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Pilgrims safe at Home.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the celebrated ship of the Argonauts,
-which <hi rend='smallcaps'>Homer</hi> sung nearly ten centuries before Christ.
-Sir Isaac Newton puts the expedition of the Argonauts
-shortly after the death of Solomon (about
-975 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>). While Dr. Blair's chronology puts it
-1236 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Whatever fables have gathered round the story
-there can be no doubt as to its great antiquity.
-Some think that the story had its origin in name,
-as well as in fact, from the <hi rend='italic'>Ark</hi> of Noah and its
-mysterious journey. All that is clear, when divested
-of mythic details, is that the sailors in that ship,
-after all their dangers, and toils, and battles were
-<pb n='158'/><anchor id='Pg158'/>
-over, came back victorious to their own shores. The
-<q>golden fleece,</q> for which the Argonauts went in
-search, tells of a treasure that had been <emph>lost</emph>.
-<q>Jason,</q> the great captain, tells of Him who recovered
-it from the <emph>Serpent</emph>, which guarded it with
-ever-watchful eye, when none else was able to
-approach it. And thus, through the fables and
-myths of the Greeks, we can see the light primeval
-shine; and this light, once seen, lights up this Sign
-and its constellations, so that their teaching cannot
-be misunderstood.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> sings of <hi rend='italic'>Argo</hi>:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Stern-foremost hauled; no mark of onward-speeding ship.</q></l>
-<l>Sternward she comes, as vessels do</l>
-<l>When sailors turn the helm</l>
-<l>On entering harbour: all the oars back-water,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And gliding backward, to an anchor comes.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It tells of that blessed home-coming, when—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The ransomed of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall return</q></l>
-<l>And come to Zion with songs,</l>
-<l>And everlasting joy upon their heads;</l>
-<l>They shall obtain joy and gladness,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And sorrow and sighing shall flee away.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. xxxv. 10.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-It tells of the glorious Jason,<note place='foot'>The Græco-Judean equivalent of Joshua or Jesus.</note> of whom it is
-asked:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Art thou not it which hath cut Rahab,</q></l>
-<l>And wounded the dragon?</l>
-<l>Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters
-of the great deep;</l>
-<l>That hath made the depths of the sea a way for the
-ransomed to pass over?</l>
-<l>Therefore the redeemed of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall return,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And come with singing unto Zion,</q> etc.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. li. 9-11.)
-</p>
-
-<pb n='159'/><anchor id='Pg159'/>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>For the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> hath redeemed Jacob,</q></l>
-<l>And ransomed him from the hand of him that was
-stronger than he.</l>
-<l>Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And shall flow together to the goodness of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Jer. xxxi. 11, 12.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is the return of the great emigrant-ship
-(<hi rend='italic'>Argo</hi>) and all its <hi rend='italic'>company of travellers</hi> (for this is
-the meaning of the word <hi rend='italic'>Argo</hi>).
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-38.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Plate 38: ARGO (the Ship)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Kircher's Egyptian Planisphere <hi rend='italic'>Argo</hi> is represented
-by two galleys (as we have two sheepfolds),
-whose prows are surmounted by rams' heads; and
-the stern of one of them ends in a fish's tail. One
-of the two occupies <emph>four segments</emph> of the sphere (from
-Taurus to Virgo), while the other occupies the four
-from Leo to Capricorn. <emph>One half</emph> of the southern
-meridians is occupied with these galleys and their
-construction and decorations. Astronomers tell us
-that they carry us back, the one to the period when
-the Bull opened the year (to which time <hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgil</hi>
-refers); and the other to the <emph>same</emph> epoch, when the
-summer solstice was in Leo—<q>an era greatly antecedent
-to the Argonautic expedition. How else, they
-ask, do we account for the one ship having her prow
-in the first Decan of <hi rend='italic'>Taurus</hi>, and her poop in the
-last Decan of <hi rend='italic'>Leo</hi>? or for one galley being freighted
-with the installed <hi rend='italic'>Bull</hi>, and the other with the solstitial
-<hi rend='italic'>Lion</hi>?</q><note place='foot'>Jamieson's <hi rend='italic'>Scientific Display</hi>, &c., p. 58.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These are the words of an astronomer who knows
-nothing whatever of our interpretation of the heavens
-which is set forth in this work.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='160'/><anchor id='Pg160'/>
-
-<p>
-It will indeed be a large vessel, the true <hi rend='italic'>Argo</hi>,
-with its <hi rend='italic'>company of travellers</hi>, <q>a great multitude
-which no man can number.</q> All this is indicated
-by the immense size of the Constellation, as well as
-by the large number of its stars. There are 64 stars
-in <hi rend='italic'>Argo</hi> (reckoning by the Britannic catalogue); one
-of the 1st magnitude, six of the 2nd, nine of the 3rd,
-nine of the 4th, etc. Only a small part of the ship's
-poop is visible in Britain.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its brightest star, α (near the keel), is called
-<hi rend='italic'>Canopus</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>Canobus</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the possession of
-Him who cometh</hi>. Other star-names, not identified,
-are—<hi rend='italic'>Sephina</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the multitude</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>abundance</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Tureis</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the
-possession</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Asmidiska</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the released who travel</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>Soheil</hi>
-(Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the desired</hi>; and <hi rend='italic'>Subilon</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the Branch</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Is not all this exactly in harmony with the rest
-of this sign? And is not this what is written in the
-Book?
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Therefore, fear thou not, O My servant Jacob, saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>;</q></l>
-<l>Neither be dismayed, O Israel:</l>
-<l>For, lo, I will save thee from afar,</l>
-<l>And thy seed from the land of their captivity;</l>
-<l>And Jacob shall return and be in rest,</l>
-<l>And be quiet, and none shall make him afraid,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>For I am with thee, saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>, to save thee.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Jer. xxx. 10, 11.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Lift up thine eyes round about, and see;</q></l>
-<l>All they gather themselves together, they come to thee;</l>
-<l>Thy sons shall come from far,</l>
-<l>And thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side,</l>
-<l>Then thou shalt see, and flow together,</l>
-<pb n='161'/><anchor id='Pg161'/>
-<l>And thine heart shall fear and be enlarged;</l>
-<l>Because the abundance of the sea shall be converted
-unto thee....</l>
-<l>Who are these that fly as a cloud?</l>
-<l>And as doves to their windows?</l>
-<l>Surely the isles shall wait for me,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And the SHIPS of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons
-from far.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Isa. lx. 4, 5, 8, 9.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-The whole chapter (Isa. lx.) should be read if we
-wish to understand the great teaching of this Sign, which
-tells of Messiah's secured possessions, the safe folding of
-His blood-bought flock, the blessed return of His pilgrims,
-and their abundant entrance into everlasting rest.
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>There is a blessed home</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Beyond this land of woe,</l>
-<l>Where trials never come,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Nor tears of sorrow flow;</l>
-<l>Where faith is lost in sight,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And patient love is crowned,</l>
-<l>And everlasting light</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Its glory throws around.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>O joy, all joys beyond,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>To see the Lamb who died,</l>
-<l>And count each sacred wound</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>In hands, and feet, and side;</l>
-<l>To give to Him the praise</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Of every triumph won,</l>
-<l>And sing through endless days</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The great things He hath done.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Look up, ye saints of God,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Nor fear to tread below</l>
-<l>The path your Saviour trod</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Of daily toil and woe;</l>
-<l>Wait but a little while</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>In uncomplaining love,</l>
-<l>His own most gracious smile</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>Shall welcome you above.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='162'/><anchor id='Pg162'/>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Chapter IV. The Sign LEO (The Lion).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Messiah's Consummated Triumph.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here we come to the end of the circle. We began
-with Virgo, and we end with Leo. No one who
-has followed our interpretation can doubt that we
-have here the solving of the Riddle of the Sphinx.
-For its <emph>Head</emph> is Virgo and its <emph>Tail</emph> is Leo!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Leo we reach the end of the Revelation as
-inspired in the Word of God; and it is the end as
-written in the heavens.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Bailly</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Astronomy</hi>) says, <q>the Zodiac must have
-been first divided when the sun at the summer solstice
-was in 1° Virgo, where the woman's head joins the
-Lion's tail.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-As to its antiquity there can be no doubt. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Jamieson</hi>
-says, <q>the Lion does not seem to have been placed
-among the Zodiacal symbols, because Hercules was
-fabled to have slain the Nemean Lion. It would seem,
-on the contrary, that Hercules, who represented the
-Sun, was said to have slain the Nemean Lion, because
-<hi rend='italic'>Leo</hi> was already a Zodiacal sign. Hercules flourished
-3,000 years ago, and consequently posterior to the
-period when the summer solstice accorded with <hi rend='italic'>Leo</hi>.</q>
-(<hi rend='italic'>Celestial Atlas</hi>, p. 40).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There is no confusion about <emph>this</emph> sign. In the
-ancient Zodiacs of Egypt (Denderah, Esneh) and
-India we find the Lion. The same occurs on the
-<pb n='163'/><anchor id='Pg163'/>
-Mithraic monuments, where Leo is <foreign rend='italic'>passant</foreign>, as he is
-in Moor's Hindu, and Sir William Jones's Oriental
-Zodiacs. In Kircher's Zodiacs he is <foreign rend='italic'>courrant</foreign>; in
-the Egyptian Zodiacs he is <foreign rend='italic'>couchant</foreign>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the Denderah Zodiac he is treading upon a
-serpent, as shown in Mr. Edward Cooper's <hi rend='italic'>Egyptian
-Scenery</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-39.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 39: LEO (the Lion)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its Egyptian name is <hi rend='italic'>Pi Mentekeon</hi>, which means
-<hi rend='italic'>the pouring out</hi>. This is no pouring out or inundation
-of the Nile, but it is the pouring out of the cup of
-Divine wrath on that Old Serpent.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the one great truth of the closing chapter
-of this last Book. It is
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>The Lion of the Tribe of Judah aroused for
-the rending of the prey.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-His feet are over the head of <hi rend='italic'>Hydra</hi>, the great
-Serpent, and just about to descend upon it and
-crush it.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The three constellations of the Sign complete this
-final picture:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<p>
-1. <hi rend='italic'>Hydra</hi>, the old Serpent destroyed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-2. <hi rend='italic'>Crater</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the Cup</hi> of Divine wrath poured out upon
-him.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-3. <hi rend='italic'>Corvus</hi>, the Bird of prey devouring him.
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-The Denderah picture exhibits all four in one.
-The Lion is presented treading down the Serpent.
-The Bird of prey is also perched upon it, while below
-is a plumed female figure holding out <hi rend='italic'>two cups</hi>,
-answering to <hi rend='italic'>Crater</hi>, the cup of wrath.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='164'/><anchor id='Pg164'/>
-
-<p>
-The hieroglyphics read <hi rend='italic'>Knem</hi>, and are placed
-underneath. <hi rend='italic'>Knem</hi> means <hi rend='italic'>who conquers</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>is conquered</hi>,
-referring to the victory over the serpent. The
-woman's name is <hi rend='italic'>Her-ua</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>great enemy</hi>, referring to
-the great enemy for which her two cups are prepared
-and intended.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hebrew name of the sign is <hi rend='italic'>Arieh</hi>, which
-means <hi rend='italic'>the Lion</hi>. There are six Hebrew words for
-Lion,<note place='foot'>(1) <hi rend='italic'>Gor</hi>, a lion's whelp. (2) <hi rend='italic'>Ciphir</hi>, a young lion when first hunting for himself.
-(3) <hi rend='italic'>Sachal</hi>, a mature lion in full strength. (4) <hi rend='italic'>Laish</hi>, a fierce lion. (5)
-<hi rend='italic'>Labia</hi>, a lioness; and (6) <hi rend='italic'>Arieh</hi>, an adult lion, having paired, in search of his
-prey (Nah. ii. 12; 2 Sam. xvii. 10; Num. xxiii. 24).</note> and this one is used of the Lion <hi rend='italic'>hunting down
-his prey</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Syriac name is <hi rend='italic'>Aryo</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the rending Lion</hi>, and
-the Arabic is <hi rend='italic'>Al Asad</hi>; both mean <hi rend='italic'>a lion coming
-vehemently</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>leaping forth as a flame</hi>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is a beautiful constellation of 95 stars, two
-of which are of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd,
-six of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (on the Ecliptic), marks the
-heart of the Lion (hence sometimes called by the
-moderns, <hi rend='italic'>Cor Leonis</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the heart of the Lion</hi>). Its ancient
-name is <hi rend='italic'>Regulus</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>treading under foot</hi>.
-The next star, β, also of the 1st magnitude (in the
-tip of the tail), is named <hi rend='italic'>Denebola</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the Judge</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>Lord
-who cometh</hi>. The star γ (in the mane) is called <hi rend='italic'>Al
-Giebha</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the exaltation</hi>. The star δ (on the
-hinder part of the back) is called <hi rend='italic'>Zosma</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>shining
-forth</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='165'/><anchor id='Pg165'/>
-
-<p>
-Other stars, not identified, are named <hi rend='italic'>Sarcam</hi>
-(Hebrew), <hi rend='italic'>the joining</hi>; intimating that here is the
-point where the two ends of the Zodiacal circle have
-their <hi rend='italic'>joining</hi>. Another star has the name of <hi rend='italic'>Minchir
-al Asad</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the punishing</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>tearing of the Lion</hi>.
-Another is <hi rend='italic'>Deneb Aleced</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the judge cometh who seizes</hi>.
-And another is <hi rend='italic'>Al Dafera</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>the enemy put
-down</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-What can be more expressive? What can be
-more eloquent? All is harmony, and all the names
-unite in pointing us to what is written of <q>the Lion
-of the Tribe of Judah.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And why is Messiah thus called? Because it is
-applied to Him in Rev. v. 5 in connection with His
-rising up for judgment: and because the Lion is
-known to have been always borne upon the standard
-of Judah, whether in the wilderness (Num. ii.) or
-in aftertimes.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Israel's dying blessing the prophetic words
-foretold of Judah:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Thy hand shall be on the neck of thine enemies; ...</q></l>
-<l>Judah is a lion's whelp;</l>
-<l>From the prey, my son, thou art gone up.</l>
-<l>He stooped down, he couched as a lion,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Gen. xlix. 8, 9.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-In the prophecy of Balaam (Num. xxiv. 8, 9),
-we read:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>He shall eat up the nations his enemies,</q></l>
-<l>And shall break their bones,</l>
-<l>And pierce them through with his arrows,</l>
-<l>He couched, he lay down as a lion,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And as a great lion; who shall stir him up?</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='166'/><anchor id='Pg166'/>
-
-<p>
-The same testimony is borne by the Prophet
-Amos:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Will a lion roar in the forest when he hath no prey?</q></l>
-<l>Will a young lion cry out of his den, if he hath taken
-nothing?...</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The lion hath roared, who will not fear?</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Amos iii. 4, 8.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-When <q>the Lion of the tribe of Judah</q> is roused
-up for the rending, the Spirit describes the scene in
-Isa. xlii. 13:
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall go forth as a mighty man,</q></l>
-<l>He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war;</l>
-<l>He shall cry, yea, roar;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>He shall prevail against His enemies.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-And this is what is meant and included when the
-Elder says for John's comfort, <q>the Lion of the
-Tribe of Judah <emph>hath prevailed</emph>,</q> and hence, is <q>worthy
-... to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and
-strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing</q>
-(Rev. v.).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Whether we look, therefore, at the primeval Revelation
-in the heavens, or at the later Revelation in
-the Word, the story is one and the same.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And what we see of Leo and his work in both,
-we find developed and described in the three constellations
-of the Sign.
-</p>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>1. HYDRA (The Serpent).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Old Serpent Destroyed.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The time has at length come for the fulfilment
-of the many prophecies pictured in the heavens: and
-<pb n='167'/><anchor id='Pg167'/>
-in its three final constellations we see the consummation
-of them all in the complete destruction of the
-Old Serpent, and all his seed, and all his works.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/plate-40.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Plate 40: HYDRA (the Serpent), CRATER (the Cup), CORVUS (the Raven)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is the special work of the Messiah, as <q>the
-Lion of the tribe of Judah,</q> to trample it under
-foot.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is pictured as <hi rend='italic'>the female serpent (Hydra)</hi>, the
-mother and author of all evil. <hi rend='italic'>Hydra</hi> has the significant
-meaning, <hi rend='italic'>he is abhorred</hi>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is an immense constellation extending for above
-100 degrees from east to west, beneath the Virgin,
-the Lion, and the Crab. It is composed of 60 stars;
-one of the 2nd magnitude, three of the 3rd, twelve
-of the 4th, etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The brightest star, α (in the heart of the Serpent),
-is sometimes called by the moderns <hi rend='italic'>Cor Hydræ</hi>
-on that account. Its ancient name is <hi rend='italic'>Al Phard</hi>
-(Arabic), which means <hi rend='italic'>the separated</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>put away</hi>. Another
-is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Drian</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the abhorred</hi>. Another star is
-named <hi rend='italic'>Minchar al Sugia</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the piercing of the deceiver</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There can be no doubt as to what is taught by
-the constellation of Hydra, nor is it necessary to
-quote the Scriptures concerning the destruction of
-the Serpent. We pass on to consider the second.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>2. CRATER (The Cup).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Cup of Divine wrath Poured out upon Him.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>God is the Judge.</q></l>
-<l>He putteth down one, and setteth up another,</l>
-<l><hi rend='smallcaps'>For in the hand of the Lord there is a cup,</hi></l>
-<pb n='168'/><anchor id='Pg168'/>
-<l>And the wine is red; it is full of mixture,</l>
-<l>And He poureth out of the same:</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>But the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall
-wring them out and drink them.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. lxxv. 8.)
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Upon the wicked he shall rain snares,</q></l>
-<l>Fire and brimstone, and a horrible tempest:</l>
-<l><q rend='post'><hi rend='smallcaps'>This shall be the portion of their cup.</hi></q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Ps. xi. 6.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is no fabled wine-cup of Bacchus; but it is
-<q>The cup of His indignation</q> (Rev. xiv. 10); <q>The
-cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath</q> (Rev.
-xvi. 19). This is what we see set forth in this constellation.
-The Cup is wide and deep, and fastened
-on by the stars to the very body of the writhing
-serpent. The same stars which are in the foot of
-the Cup form part of the body of Hydra, and are
-reckoned as belonging to both constellations.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This Cup has the significant number of <emph>thirteen</emph>
-stars (the number of Apostacy). The two—<hi rend='italic'>Al Ches</hi>
-(α), which means <hi rend='italic'>the Cup</hi>, and (β)—determine the
-bottom of the Cup.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>3. CORVUS (The Raven).</head>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>The Birds of Prey devouring the Serpent.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here is the final scene of judgment. We have
-had <hi rend='italic'>Zeeb</hi>; <hi rend='italic'>the Wolf</hi>; now we have <hi rend='italic'>Oreb</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the Raven</hi>.
-<hi rend='italic'>Her-na</hi> is its name in the Denderah Zodiac. <hi rend='italic'>Her</hi>,
-means <hi rend='italic'>the enemy</hi>; and <hi rend='italic'>Na</hi>, means <hi rend='italic'>breaking up</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>failing</hi>.
-That is to say, this scene represents <hi rend='italic'>the breaking up</hi>
-of the enemy.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='169'/><anchor id='Pg169'/>
-
-<p>
-There are nine stars (the number of <emph>judgment</emph>) in
-this constellation. The bright star α (in the eye)
-is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Chibar</hi> (Arabic), <hi rend='italic'>joining together</hi>, from the
-Hebrew <hi rend='italic'>Chiba</hi> (Num. xxiii. 8), which means <hi rend='italic'>accursed</hi>.
-This star, then, tells of <hi rend='italic'>the curse inflicted</hi>. The star
-β (in the right wing) is called <hi rend='italic'>Al Goreb</hi> (Arabic), from
-Hebrew <hi rend='italic'>Oreb</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the Raven</hi>. A third star is named
-<hi rend='italic'>Minchar al Gorab</hi> (Arabic), and means <hi rend='italic'>the Raven tearing
-to pieces</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This brings us to the end. There is nothing
-beyond this. Nothing remains to be told. We
-know from the Word of God that—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The eye that mocketh at his father,</q></l>
-<l>And despiseth to obey his mother,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>The ravens of the valley shall pick it out.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(Prov. xxx. 17.)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-We remember how David said to the Giant
-Goliah—a type of this enemy of God's people—<q>I
-will smite thee, and take thy head from thee; and I
-will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines
-this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the wild
-beasts of the earth</q> (1 Sam. xvii. 46).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When the great day of this judgment comes, an
-angel standing in the sun will cry <q>to all the fowls
-that fly in the midst of heaven, Come, and gather
-yourselves together unto the supper of the great God;
-that ye may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of
-captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh
-of horses, and of them that sit on them, and the
-flesh of all men, both free and bond, both small and
-great</q> (Rev. xix. 17, 18).
-</p>
-
-<pb n='170'/><anchor id='Pg170'/>
-
-<p>
-And after these awful words shall be fulfilled, in
-the closing words of the prophecy of Isaiah, Jehovah
-foretells us how—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>They shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the
-men that have transgressed against Me;</q></l>
-<l>For their worm shall not die,</l>
-<l>Neither shall their fire be quenched;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is the teaching of the whole Sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Leo</hi>!
-It is all summed up in Jer. xxv. 30-33:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Therefore prophesy against them all these words, and
-say unto them,</q></l>
-<l>The <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall roar from on high,</l>
-<l>And utter His voice from His holy habitation;</l>
-<l>He shall mightily roar upon His habitation;</l>
-<l>He shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes,</l>
-<l>Against all the inhabitants of the earth.</l>
-<l>A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth;</l>
-<l>For the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> hath a controversy with the nations,</l>
-<l>He will plead with all flesh;</l>
-<l>He will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith
-the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi>.</l>
-<l>Thus saith the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> of hosts,</l>
-<l>Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation,</l>
-<l>And a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the
-coasts of the earth.</l>
-<l>And the slain of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Lord</hi> shall be at that day from one
-end of the earth</l>
-<l>Even to the other end of the earth;</l>
-<l>They shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried;</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>They shall be dung upon the ground.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Here is the conclusion of the whole matter!
-Here is the final triumph of the Son of Man in
-the consummated victory of the Seed of the woman:
-<q>Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive
-<pb n='171'/><anchor id='Pg171'/>
-power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and
-honour, and glory, and blessing</q> (Rev. v. 12).
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>O what a bright and blessed world</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>This groaning earth of ours will be,</l>
-<l>When from its throne the tempter hurled,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Shall leave it all, O Lord, to Thee!</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>But brighter far that world above,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Where we, as we are known, shall know;</l>
-<l>And, in the sweet embrace of love,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Reign o'er this ransomed earth below.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>O blessed Lord! with longing eyes</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>That blissful hour we wait to see;</l>
-<l>While every worm or leaf that dies</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Tells of the curse, and calls for Thee.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Come, Saviour! Then o'er all below</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Shine brightly from Thy throne above,</l>
-<l>Bid heaven and earth Thy glory know,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>And all creation feel Thy love.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Summary.</head>
-
-<p>
-Man has ever sought to rob Christ of His glory.
-He has long since done his best to obliterate His
-name and His work from the Revelation which had
-been written in the stars of light. When He humbled
-Himself, and came as the promised Seed of the
-woman, men <q>saw no beauty in Him that they
-should desire Him.</q> And these were <emph>religious</emph> men.
-It was religious men, not the common rabble, whom
-the Old Serpent made use of to wound Him in the
-heel. The Devil could not touch Him himself; he
-must use them as his instruments; and it was only
-<emph>religious</emph> men that could be so used.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It was the <q>chief priests and scribes,</q> men learned
-in the Scriptures, whose very knowledge of the Word
-was used to compass His death amongst the babes
-at Bethlehem (Matt. ii. 4-6).
-</p>
-
-<pb n='172'/><anchor id='Pg172'/>
-
-<p>
-It was the same priests and scribes who were
-used to put Him to death, and give the long-prophesied
-wound in the heel.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Religion without Christ is enmity against God!
-Knowledge of the Scriptures where the heart is not
-subject to Christ, and where Christ is not seen in
-them, is powerless and lifeless. It is true of the
-Scriptures, as it will be of the heavenly Jerusalem—<q><hi rend='smallcaps'>the
-Lamb is the light thereof</hi></q> (Rev. xxi. 23).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Church of Rome has been used of the great
-enemy to rob the Lamb of God of His promised
-glory. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Jerome</hi>, in his Latin translation of the Bible
-(405 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>), wrote <q><foreign lang='la' rend='italic'>ipse</foreign>,</q> <hi rend='smallcaps'>He</hi>, in Gen. iii. 15, as the
-<q>bruiser of the serpent's head.</q> And, in spite of
-the fact that <hi rend='smallcaps'>Jerome</hi> himself so quotes it in his commentary,
-and that it is <emph>masculine</emph> in all the other
-ancient translations of the Bible, Rome has first
-corrupted <hi rend='smallcaps'>Jerome's</hi> Vulgate by changing the <q>e</q> into
-<q>a,</q> and putting <q><foreign lang='la' rend='italic'>ipsa</foreign></q> (she) instead of <q><foreign lang='la' rend='italic'>ipse</foreign></q> (He);
-then she has so translated this corruption and perpetuated
-this perversion in various languages! So
-that in all her versions, in her pictures and statues,
-in the decree of Pope Pius IX., which promulgated
-the dogma of the <q><hi rend='italic'>immaculate conception of the Virgin
-Mary</hi>,</q> this lie of the Old Serpent has been foisted
-on unnumbered thousands of deluded souls, who have
-thereby been deceived into putting Mary in the place
-of Jesus; the <q>co-Redemptress</q> in the place of the
-Redeemer; the creature in the place of the Creator;
-the woman in the place of the woman's Seed;—until
-the outcome is reached by emblazoning, in huge gilt
-<pb n='173'/><anchor id='Pg173'/>
-letters, on the outside of a large church in Rathmines,
-Dublin, <q>MARIÆ PECCATORUM REFUGIUM,</q>
-to Mary the Refuge of Sinners!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-So complete has been the success of the subtlety
-of the Serpent, that he has beguiled thousands of
-Protestants to unite in circulating these <hi rend='italic'>corrupted
-versions as the Word of God</hi>, thus giving currency to
-the Devil's lie. This is done on the plea of expediency,
-in order that these versions might come to
-many as Protestant truth instead of Popish error;
-but thus misleading those who were seeking for
-light, while confirming Papists in their darkness.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But through all the <q>wisdom of the Serpent</q> we
-can detect his lie. It is very thinly veiled, and the
-Old Serpent has not succeeded in blinding the eyes
-which the Spirit of God has opened. True, we see
-in all Rome's pictures and statues the foot of Mary,
-on the Serpent's head, but the foot is not <emph>coming
-down</emph>, nor is the head <emph>crushed</emph>! Rather is the woman's
-foot resting on its head; and the woman herself supported
-by the Serpent.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The whole system of Mary-anity is thus seen to
-be the outcome of the Serpent's wisdom in opposition
-to the true Christ-ianity.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-How different are the primeval star-pictures of the
-heavens. There, the club is lifted up, the foot is
-coming down, yea, the foot is actually planted upon
-the enemy, treading the Scorpion under foot.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Rome may corrupt the words of the Book, but
-she cannot touch the stars of heaven! The Devil
-<pb n='174'/><anchor id='Pg174'/>
-himself cannot move them from their places. He
-may choose and use his servants and agents for corrupting
-the Scriptures written in the Book, but he
-cannot change the Revelation of the stars.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There,—no woman's foot is seen upon the Serpent's
-head! There,—no woman usurps the place of the all-glorious
-Redeemer!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In <hi rend='italic'>Ophiuchus</hi> we see <hi rend='smallcaps'>Him</hi> in dread conflict with
-the Serpent, and we see <hi rend='smallcaps'>His</hi> foot upon the Scorpion's
-heart (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Scorpio</hi>). We see <hi rend='smallcaps'>Him</hi>, the Risen Lamb (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aries</hi>),
-binding <hi rend='italic'>Cetus</hi>, the great Monster of the Deep; we
-see <hi rend='smallcaps'>Him</hi> in the glorious <hi rend='italic'>Orion</hi>, whose foot is coming
-down on the enemy's head (<hi rend='italic'>Lepus</hi>); we see <hi rend='smallcaps'>Him</hi> in
-the Lion of the Tribe of Judah (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Leo</hi>), about to tread
-down that Old Serpent (<hi rend='italic'>Hydra</hi>) the Devil; we see
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Him</hi> in the mighty <hi rend='italic'>Hercules</hi>, who has his foot on the
-head of the <hi rend='italic'>Dragon</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>Draco</hi>), and his up-lifted club
-about to inflict the long-threatened blow; we see
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Him</hi> crowned in <hi rend='italic'>Cepheus</hi>, with all His enemies subdued,
-and His right foot planted upon the Polar
-Star!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-True, we do see a <hi rend='smallcaps'>woman</hi> in this heavenly and
-Divine revelation; for there are four women. Two
-are connected with the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Redeemer</hi>, and two with the
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Redeemed</hi>. The Redeemer is seen in the one (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi>)
-as the <q>promised Seed</q>; in the other (<hi rend='italic'>Coma</hi>), He
-is seen as the child born, the Son given. The Redeemed
-are represented in one as a captive <emph>chained</emph>
-(<hi rend='italic'>Andromeda</hi>), with no power to wage conflict with an
-enemy, but a prey to every foe; in the other (<hi rend='italic'>Cassiopeia</hi>),
-<pb n='175'/><anchor id='Pg175'/>
-she is <emph>enthroned</emph>, with no necessity for conflict.
-For with one hand she waves the palm of a victory
-which another (<hi rend='italic'>Perseus</hi>) has wrought on her behalf,
-while with her right hand she is preparing and making
-herself ready for <q>the marriage of the Lamb.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus pure and undefiled is this primeval fountain
-of Divine truth. Thus harmonious is it with the
-written Word of God. And He who gave them
-both to enlighten a dark world which lieth in the
-power of this wicked one, has filled both with one
-subject—<q>The sufferings of Christ and the glory that
-should follow.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These are set forth by the Holy Spirit in a
-double sevenfold expansion of the prophetic promise
-of Gen. iii. 15, giving seven steps in His humiliation
-and seven in His glorification (Phil. ii. 5-11<note place='foot'>The passage consists really of two members, each of which is arranged as an
-introversion, where the subject of 1 corresponds to 7; 2 corresponds to 6; etc.</note>).
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-CHRIST JESUS,
-</p>
-
-<p>
-1. Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery
-(a thing to be grasped at and held) to be equal
-with God;
-</p>
-
-<p>
-2. But made Himself of no reputation (Gr. <hi rend='italic'>emptied
-Himself</hi>),
-</p>
-
-<p>
-3. And took upon Him the form of a servant,
-</p>
-
-<p>
-4. And was made in the likeness of men:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-5. And being found in fashion as a man. He humbled
-Himself.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-6. And became obedient unto death,
-</p>
-
-<p>
-7. Even the death of the cross.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='176'/><anchor id='Pg176'/>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-WHEREFORE
-</p>
-
-<p>
-1. God also hath highly exalted Him,
-</p>
-
-<p>
-2. And given Him a name which is above every name:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-3. That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow,
-</p>
-
-<p>
-4. Of things in heaven,
-</p>
-
-<p>
-5. And things on earth,
-</p>
-
-<p>
-6. And things under the earth;
-</p>
-
-<p>
-7. And that every tongue shall confess that Jesus Christ
-is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Amen.
-</p>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns,</q></l>
-<l>Receive yet one, the crown of all the earth,</l>
-<l>Thou who alone art worthy! It was thine</l>
-<l>By ancient covenant, ere Nature's birth;</l>
-<l>And Thou hast made it Thine by purchase since,</l>
-<l>And overpaid its value with Thy blood.</l>
-<l>Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and in their hearts</l>
-<l>Thy title is engraven with a pen</l>
-<l>Dipp'd in the fountain of eternal love.</l>
-<l>Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and Thy delay</l>
-<l>Gives courage to their foes, who, could they see</l>
-<l>The dawn of Thy last advent, long desired,</l>
-<l>Would creep into the bowels of the hills,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>And flee for safety to the falling rocks.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns,</q></l>
-<l>Receive yet one, as radiant as the rest,</l>
-<l>Due to Thy last and most effectual work,</l>
-<l><q rend='post'>Thy Word fulfilled, the conquest of a world.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-<p>
-(<hi rend='italic'>Cowper.</hi>)
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='177'/><anchor id='Pg177'/>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head><q>For Signs And For Seasons.</q></head>
-
-<p>
-We have seen the great truths which are taught
-from the position, and forms, and names of the
-heavenly bodies. There are also truths to be learnt
-from their <emph>motions</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When God created them and set them in the firmament
-of heaven, He said, in Gen. i. 14—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q>Let them be for signs and for seasons.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Here the word <q>signs</q> is <foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>othoth</foreign> (אֹתֹת, plural of אוֹת,
-<foreign lang='he' rend='italic'>oth</foreign>, from the root אֳתֳת, <hi rend='italic'>to come</hi>). Hence, <hi rend='italic'>a sign of
-something</hi> or <hi rend='italic'>some One to come</hi>. In Jer. x. 2 Jehovah
-says, <q>And be not dismayed <emph>at the signs</emph> (וּמֵאתוֹת) of
-the heavens, for the heathen are dismayed at them.</q>
-The word <q>seasons</q> does not denote merely what
-we call the four seasons of the year, but <emph>cycles</emph> of
-time. It is מוֹעֵד, <hi rend='italic'>appointed time</hi> (from the verb יָעַד, <hi rend='italic'>to
-point out</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>appoint</hi>). It occurs three more times in
-Genesis, each time in connection with the promised
-Seed—
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Gen. xvii. 21, <q><emph>At</emph> this <emph>set time</emph> in the next year</q>;
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Gen. xviii. 14, <q><emph>At the time appointed</emph> I will return</q>;
-and
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Gen. xxi. 2, <q><emph>At the set time</emph> of which God had
-spoken.</q>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='178'/><anchor id='Pg178'/>
-
-<p>
-Gen. i. 14 is therefore, <q>They (the sun, moon,
-and stars) shall be for signs (things to come) and for
-cycles (appointed times).</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here, then, we have a distinct declaration from
-God, that the heavens contain not only a Revelation
-concerning <emph>things to come</emph> in the <q>Signs,</q> but also
-concerning <emph>appointed times</emph> in the wondrous movements
-of the sun, and moon, and stars.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The motions of the sun and moon are so arranged
-that at the end of a given interval of time they return
-into almost precisely the same position, with regard
-to each other and to the earth, as they held at the
-beginning of that interval. <q>Almost precisely,</q> but
-not quite precisely. There will be a slight outstanding
-difference, which will gradually increase in successive
-intervals, and finally destroy the possibility
-of the combination recurring, or else lead to combinations
-of a different character.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thus the daily difference between the movement
-of the sun and of the stars leads the sun back very
-nearly to conjunction with the same star as it was
-twelve months earlier, and gives us the cycle of the
-year. The slight difference in the sun's position relative
-to the stars at the end of the year, finally
-leads the sun back to the same star at the same
-time of the year, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, at the spring equinox, and
-gives us the great precessional cycle of 25,800 years.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-So, too, with eclipses. Since the circumstances
-of any given eclipse are reproduced almost exactly
-18 years and 11 days later, this period is called an
-<hi rend='italic'>Eclipse Cycle</hi>, to which the ancient astronomers gave
-<pb n='179'/><anchor id='Pg179'/>
-the name of <hi rend='italic'>Saros</hi>;<note place='foot'>General Vallancey spells <hi rend='italic'>Saros</hi> שׂערוֹץ, which amounts to 666 by Gematria!
-<hi rend='italic'>Viz.</hi>, ש = 300 + ע = 70 + ר = 200 + ו = 6 + ץ = 90 = 666.</note> and eclipses separated from each
-other by an exact cycle, and, therefore, corresponding
-closely in their conditions, are spoken of as being
-one and the same eclipse. Each <hi rend='italic'>Saros</hi> contains, on
-the average, about 70 ± eclipses. Of these, on the
-average, 42 ± are solar and 28 ± are lunar. Since the
-<hi rend='italic'>Saros</hi> is 11 days (or, more correctly, 10.96 days) longer
-than 18 years, the successive recurrences of each
-eclipse fall 11 days later in the year each time, and
-in 33 <hi rend='italic'>Sari</hi> will have travelled on through the year
-and come round very nearly to the original date.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But as the <hi rend='italic'>Saros</hi> does not reproduce the conditions
-of an eclipse with absolute exactness, and as
-the difference increases with every successive return,
-a time comes when the return of the <hi rend='italic'>Saros</hi> fails to
-bring about an eclipse at all. If the eclipse be a
-solar one before this takes place, a new eclipse begins
-to form a month later in the year than the old one,
-and becomes the first eclipse of a new series.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is the history of one such eclipse: On May 15
-(Julian), 850 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>, there was a (new) eclipse of the sun,
-and it occurred as a <emph>partial</emph> eclipse. On August 20
-(Julian), 1012 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>, this new eclipse became <emph>total</emph>.
-From that time it has been an <emph>annular</emph> eclipse, the
-latitude of the central shadow gradually shifting southward
-from the north, until on December 17 (Julian),
-1210, it had reached N. Lat. 24°. It turned northward
-again after 1210, until March 14 (Julian), 1355,
-when it fell in N. Lat. 43°. Then it turned south,
-<pb n='180'/><anchor id='Pg180'/>
-and has moved steadily in that direction, until on
-March 18 (Greg.), 1950, its last appearance as an
-annular eclipse will take place. On May 22 (Greg.),
-2058, it will fall so far from the node that a new
-eclipse will follow it on June 21. It will make three
-more appearances as an ever-diminishing partial
-eclipse, and be last seen on June 24 (Greg.), 2112.
-Its total life-history, therefore, will have been 1,262
-years and 36 days, and will have occupied 70 <hi rend='italic'>Sari</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the above life-history of an eclipse<note place='foot'><p>These facts are kindly supplied by Mr. E. W. Maunder, of the Royal Observatory,
-Greenwich, who gives another example, as follows:—
-</p>
-<p>
-In <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 586 there were two solar eclipses: on June 22 (Julian) the old and dying
-eclipse, and on July 22 (Julian) another (the new one). A <hi rend='italic'>Saros</hi> (<hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, 18 years and
-11 days) earlier <emph>there was only one</emph>, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi> on June 11 (Julian), <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 568, there being
-no eclipse on July 11 of that year.
-</p>
-<p>
-The last appearance of this new eclipse, which first appeared on July 22, 586,
-was on August 28 (Greg.), 1848, so that it had a life history of 70 <hi rend='italic'>Sari</hi>, amounting
-to 1,262 years 36 days (after the Julian dates have been corrected to correspond to the
-Gregorian). Thus the eclipse that died, so to speak, on August 28 (Greg.), 1848,
-first appeared on July 22 (Julian) in <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 586. See an important article on Eclipses
-by Mr. E. W. Maunder in <hi rend='italic'>Knowledge</hi>, for October 1893, where other <hi rend='italic'>life-histories</hi> of
-eclipses are given, and the whole subject of eclipses clearly explained.</p></note> there is not
-the slightest difficulty as to its identification. The
-<hi rend='italic'>Saros</hi> shows no break, and no interruption; nor does
-the character of the eclipse suffer any abrupt change.
-The district over which it is visible moves in a slow
-and orderly fashion from occurrence to occurrence
-over the earth's surface.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Now the important point is this, that if we take
-the prophetic reckoning of 360 days to the year, we
-have the following significant Biblical numbers:—
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the first place, we already have the 70 ± <hi rend='italic'>Sari</hi>
-divided into two portions of 33 + 37.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A perfect cycle is accomplished in 33 <hi rend='italic'>Sari</hi>, or
-595 years, when the eclipse, by a series of unbroken
-<pb n='181'/><anchor id='Pg181'/>
-<hi rend='italic'>Sari</hi>, has accomplished a passage through the year
-of 360 days; or, if we reckon only the whole numbers,
-<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, the 18 completed years, we have for the 33 <hi rend='italic'>Sari</hi>
-the period of 594 years, while the remaining portion
-of 37 <hi rend='italic'>Sari</hi> makes 666 years (37 x 18) ; and the whole
-70 ± <hi rend='italic'>Sari</hi> makes 1,260 years (594 + 666).<note place='foot'>The relations between 595 years and 1,262 years 36 days, are the same as the
-relations between 594 years and 1,260 years. The difference of the 2 years 36 days
-is due to the excess of 10.96 days over the 18 completed years in each <hi rend='italic'>Saros.</hi></note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We have then the following figures:—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l>18 x 33 = 594 years.</l>
-<l>18 x 37 = 666 years.</l>
-<l>18 x 70 = 1260 years.</l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-Independently of this, we also know that 1,260
-years is a soli-lunar cycle, so exact that its epact, or
-difference, is only 6 hours!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There must, therefore, be something significant
-in these numbers, <hi rend='italic'>e.g.</hi>, 70; in the number 1,260,
-with its divisions, not into two equal parts, but into
-594 and 666; as also in its double, 2,520.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There must be something to be learned in the
-occurrence and repetition of these heavenly cycles,
-which for nearly 6,000 years have been constantly
-repeated in the heavens, especially when we find
-these same numbers very prominently presented in
-the Word of God in connection with the fulfilment
-of prophecy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We have the great <q>seven times</q> (2,520) connected
-with the duration of Israel's punishment, and
-of the Gentiles' power. We have in Daniel and the
-<pb n='182'/><anchor id='Pg182'/>
-Apocalypse the half of this great period presented as
-<q>days</q> (1,260), as <q>months</q> (42), and as <q>times,</q>
-or years (3-½).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Futurists believe that these <q>days</q> and <q>months,</q>
-etc., <emph>interpret for us</emph> the purposes and counsels of God
-as connected with <q>the time of the end,</q> and as
-meaning literal <q>days</q> and <q>months,</q> etc.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Historicists take these terms and themselves <emph>interpret
-the numbers</emph>, in the sense of a <q>day</q> being put
-for a <emph>year</emph>, and they believe that these <q>1,260 days</q>
-will be fulfilled as 1,260 <emph>years</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-One party boldly and ungraciously charges the
-other with teaching <q><hi rend='italic'>The Fallacies of Futurism</hi></q>;
-while the other might well retort with a reference to
-the <hi rend='italic'>Heresies of Historicism</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But is there any necessity for the existence of two
-hostile camps? Is it not possible that there may be
-what we may call a <emph>long</emph> fulfilment in years? And is
-it not more than probable that in the time of the end,
-the crisis, there will also be a <emph>short</emph> and literal fulfilment
-in days?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We firmly believe that there will be this literal
-and <emph>short</emph> fulfilment. We believe that when God says
-<q>days,</q> He means <emph>days</emph>; and that when He says
-<q>42 months,</q> He means <emph>months</emph>, and not 1,260 years.
-In all of the passages referred to by historicists in support
-of what is called <q>the year-day theory,</q> the
-Holy Spirit uses these words <q>days</q> and <q>years</q>
-in the sense of days and years. In the two particular
-instances of Israel's wanderings (Num. xiv. 34), and
-Ezekiel's prophesying (Ezek. iv. 6), He chooses to
-<pb n='183'/><anchor id='Pg183'/>
-take the <emph>number</emph> of days as denoting the <emph>same number</emph>
-of years; but He does not tell us that we are to do
-the same in other cases! He only asserts His sovereignty
-by thus acting, while we only show our presumption
-in taking His sovereign act as a general
-principle.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But while fully believing in the <emph>short</emph> fulfilment, we
-are quite prepared to admit that there may be a <emph>long</emph>
-fulfilment <emph>as well</emph>; and that, owing to the wondrous
-harmony, and marvellous correspondence, and infinite
-wisdom of all the works and ways of God, there may
-be a fulfilment, or rather a <q>filment,</q> if we may coin
-the word, in years, which will be only a foreshadowing
-of the literal <emph>ful</emph>-filment afterwards to take place in <emph>days</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If historicists will allow us this liberty as to <emph>interpretation</emph>,
-and permit us to believe that God means
-what He says, we will give them some remarkable
-evidence in support of their views, by way of <emph>application</emph>.
-In other words, if they will allow us to <emph>interpret</emph>
-<q>days</q> as meaning days, we will gladly allow
-them, and be at one with them, in <emph>applying</emph> them to
-years. So that while we believe the <emph>interpretation</emph> to
-mean <q>days,</q> and to teach a <emph>short</emph> fulfilment at the
-time of the end, we will thankfully admit an <emph>application</emph>
-which shall take these days as foreshowing a <emph>long</emph>
-fulfilment in years.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In <emph>applying</emph>, then, these significant numbers (42,
-70, 594, 666, 1,260, and 2,520) to years, from what
-point or date shall we begin to reckon the <q><emph>times
-of the Gentiles</emph></q> (Luke xxi. 24)? That there are such
-definite <q>times</q> the words of the Lord Jesus show,
-<pb n='184'/><anchor id='Pg184'/>
-when He says, <q>Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the
-Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.</q>
-(Luke xxi. 24). That there are <q>seven times</q> of
-Gentile dominion is more than intimated by the symbolic
-episode in the life of Nebuchadnezzar as recorded
-in Dan. iv.; and that there are <q>seven times</q> of
-Israel's punishment is clearly stated in Lev. xxvi. 18.
-<q>Seven times,</q> according to the Historicist school of
-interpreters, are equal to 2,520 years.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Instead of asking where they begin, let us first
-note the fact that it is <emph>duration</emph> which is emphasised
-in the Scriptures rather than <emph>chronology</emph>; and look at
-the duration of these years independently of, and
-before we attempt to fix, their beginning and ending.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In Daniel ii. and vii. it is shown first to Nebuchadnezzar
-in a <q>dream,</q> and afterwards to God's
-servant the prophet in a <q>vision,</q> that Israel was
-to be put on one side and become <q>Lo-Ammi</q> (<hi rend='italic'>not
-My people</hi>), while government was to be put into the
-hands of the Gentiles. Jerusalem was the central point
-of both these great and solemn facts. That is to say,
-during 2,520 years, while Jerusalem should remain in
-the power of the Gentiles, Israel could be <q>no more
-a nation</q> in possession of their land and city.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We know, as a matter of fact, that to-day Jerusalem
-is in the hands of the Turks, and that it is
-still <q>trodden down of the Gentiles.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If we ask how long it shall continue to be <q>trodden
-down</q>? how long it will be before Israel shall again
-possess their city and their land?—the answer brings
-us at once to the heart of our subject.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='185'/><anchor id='Pg185'/>
-
-<p>
-In seeking to determine both duration and chronology,
-it is necessary to plant our feet on sure ground.
-To do this, let us take a point on which all are agreed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There is <emph>one</emph> date which is universally accepted;
-and concerning which the evidence is unquestioned.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Abu Obeida</hi>, the Mahommedan General, laid siege
-to Jerusalem towards the close of 636 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> The city
-was then occupied by the Romans, who held out
-for four months. When they capitulated, the Patriarch
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Sophronius</hi> obtained a clause in the treaty giving
-security to the inhabitants, and requiring the ratification
-of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Omar</hi> himself. <hi rend='smallcaps'>Omar</hi>, who had therefore to
-be sent for, arrived some six months afterwards, and
-the delay caused the actual delivering up of the city
-to take place early in the autumn of <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 637.<note place='foot'>This is the date which concerns only the <emph>City of Jerusalem</emph>. The Romans
-were not completely driven out from <emph>the land</emph> until Cæsarea had fallen in 638, when
-the conquest was finally completed. See Gibbon's <hi rend='italic'>Decline and Fall</hi>.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The year <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 636-7 is therefore the accepted date
-of the passing over of Jerusalem from the Romans
-to the Turks.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Omar</hi> seems to have stayed in the city only about
-ten days, during which he must have given his instructions
-for the erection of the Mosque on the site
-of the Temple. This Mosque, therefore, stands as
-the sign and the symbol of the treading down of
-Jerusalem, and while it remains, those times of treading
-down cannot be considered as fulfilled.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-How steady was Israel's decadence from Nebuchadnezzar
-to <hi rend='smallcaps'>Omar</hi>! Nothing would exceed that
-darkest moment in Israel's history, when Israel was
-<pb n='186'/><anchor id='Pg186'/>
-well nigh obliterated in the mighty struggles of her
-enemies who fought over her inheritance. Thus
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Omar</hi> becomes the great central point of the 2,520
-years, whether reckoned as <emph>Lunar</emph>, <emph>Zodiacal</emph>, or <emph>Solar</emph>,
-dividing them equally into two portions of 1,260 years.<note place='foot'><p>This date 636-7 is a great and important central date, whether we reckon
-backwards or forwards; whether we reckon them as <emph>Lunar</emph>, <emph>Zodiacal</emph> (360 days),
-or <emph>Solar</emph> (365 days) years.
-</p>
-<p>
-(1.) If we take <emph>Lunar years</emph> (= 1222-1/2 Solar)—
-</p>
-<p>
-(a.) reckoning <emph>backward</emph>, we get to 587 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>, the very date of the destruction
-of the Temple by Nebuchadnezzar.
-</p>
-<p>
-(b.) reckoning <emph>forward</emph>, we get to 1860 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>, the very date of the European
-intervention in the Lebanon, which has brought the Eastern Question
-into its present prominent position.
-</p>
-<p>
-(2.) If we take <emph>Zodiacal years</emph> (= 1242 Solar)—
-</p>
-<p>
-(a.) reckoning <emph>backward</emph> we get to 608 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>, the date of the battle of Carchemish
-(2 Chron. xxxv. 20), when Babylon completed the conquest
-of Assyria, and became supreme; utterly shattering all the hope which
-Israel had in Egypt.
-</p>
-<p>
-(b.) reckoning <emph>forward</emph> brings us to 1879 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>, when, by the Treaty of Berlin,
-Ottoman power received a blow from which it has never recovered,
-and which has prepared the way for its extinction.
-</p>
-<p>
-(3.) If we take <emph>Solar years</emph>, then—
-</p>
-<p>
-(a.) reckoning <emph>backward</emph>, we get to <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 624 (<hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> 3376), the beginning of the
-Babylonian kingdom, the <q>head of gold.</q>
-</p>
-<p>
-(b.) reckoning <emph>forward</emph> we get to 1896-7 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>, which is yet future.
-</p>
-<p>
-These reckonings in their <emph>beginnings</emph> and <emph>endings</emph> form an <emph>introversion</emph>, or
-<hi rend='italic'>Epanodos</hi>, thus:—
-</p>
-<p>
-587 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> ... 606 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> ...
-624 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> ... dates increasing.
-</p>
-<p>
-1860 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> ... 1879 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> ...
-1896-7 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> ... dates increasing.
-</p>
-<p>
-The <emph>Solar</emph> reckonings are the more important dates; the <emph>Lunar</emph> are next in
-significance; while <emph>Zodiacal</emph> reckonings furnish us with dates which, to say the
-least, fit neatly into their places.</p></note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Having thus fixed the central date, which already
-points forward to the end, let us go back and find
-the starting point, that we may the better understand
-the end.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When Daniel was explaining to Nebuchadnezzar
-his mysterious dream, he said, <q>Thou art this head
-<pb n='187'/><anchor id='Pg187'/>
-of gold</q>! (Dan. ii. 38). This moment is popularly,
-but erroneously, supposed to mark the commencement
-of the Babylonian kingdom—the first of these
-four great Gentile powers.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But Daniel spoke of what <hi rend='smallcaps'>already</hi> existed, and
-was <emph>explaining the then</emph> condition of things. He said,
-<q>God <emph>hath</emph> given thee a kingdom, power, and strength,
-and glory</q> (Dan. ii. 37). The kingdom of Babylon
-had already been in existence for more than thirty
-years, for its king had destroyed Jerusalem and burnt
-the Temple with fire, and brought away many captives,
-amongst whom was Daniel and his companions. The
-opening words of the book make this very clear.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The monumental history of Babylon, as now dug
-up, shows that before this it had been sometimes
-tributary to, and sometimes almost independent of,
-Assyria. In <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> 3352, after a severe struggle with
-Assurbanipal, the Assyrian king, Babylon was once
-more subdued, and its king setting fire to his palace
-perished in the flames. After that there was peace
-for twenty-two years, during which time Kandalanu
-governed Babylon in succession to Sumas-sum-ukin,
-a son of Assurbanipal.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> 3375 (<hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi> <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 627),<note place='foot'>These dates are those furnished by the Monuments, as given by Dr. Budge,
-of the British Museum, in his <hi rend='italic'>Babylonian Life and History</hi>, R.T.S., 1885. They
-also agree with the dates dug up by Sir Henry Rawlinson in 1862, consisting of
-fragments of seven copies of the famous <q>Eponym Canon of Assyria,</q> by which
-the Assyrian chronology has been definitely settled. Before this, historians had to
-be content with inferences and conjectures.</note> another revolt broke
-out, and the Assyrian king sent a general of great
-ability to quell it. His name was Nabu-pal-user
-(which means <hi rend='italic'>Nebo protects his son</hi>). He put down
-<pb n='188'/><anchor id='Pg188'/>
-the rebellion with so much skill that Assurbanipal
-made him governor of Babylon. He shortly afterwards,
-in <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> 3376, himself rebelled, and made
-himself King of Babylon. Associating with him his
-son Nebuchadnezzar, they commenced a campaign
-against Assurbanipal, which ended in the fall of
-Nineveh and the complete subjugation of Assyria.
-The kingdom of Babylon, thus commencing in
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 625,<note place='foot'>In adjusting the <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> and <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> dates, the latter are always apparently one year
-in advance of the former, because <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 4000 was <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> 1, and <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 3999 was <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> 2.
-Hence <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> 3376 is not <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 624, but it is <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 625.</note> became the first great Gentile kingdom as
-foretold in Daniel.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There is practically no question, now, as to this
-date.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The actual <emph>duration</emph> of the three kingdoms that
-followed—Babylon, Medo-Persia, and Greece, may
-not perhaps be so accurately determined. Their
-total duration is known, because it is fixed by a
-known date at the other end, but it might introduce
-controversial matter if we attempted to assign to them
-their exact relative duration. Probably they were,
-roughly:—Babylon about 90 years; Medo-Persia
-about 200 years; Greece about 304 years.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We believe these to be fairly proportionate,<note place='foot'>Cyrus took Babylon, according to the Monuments, in the 17th year of Nabonidus,
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 539. 1 Maccabees i. begins the first of Alexander from the death of Darius
-Codomannus in <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> 3672. This would slightly vary the above distribution of the
-years of separate duration.</note> but
-whether they are or not, their total amount must
-have been 594 years, because the undisputed date
-of the battle of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Actium</hi> by which Augustus became
-the head of the Roman Empire, was September <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 31.
-<pb n='189'/><anchor id='Pg189'/>
-From this date Jerusalem passed permanently under
-the power of Rome until the Mahommedan conquest
-in <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 636-7.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We have, therefore, <emph>three fixed dates</emph>, and these
-decide for us the <emph>duration</emph> of the intervening periods;
-dividing them into the two great Eclipse Cycles of
-594 years and 666 years!
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
-<hi rend='italic'>Jerusalem under the Gentiles.</hi>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Babylon (the 1st Kingdom) commenced <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 625.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Battle of Actium, ending the possession
-of the 3rd Kingdom, <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 31.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<emph>Duration</emph> of the three Kingdoms,
-Babylon, Medo-Persia, and
-Greece, together (1st Eclipse Cycle), 594 years.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Rome (the 4th Kingdom) became the
-possessor of Jerusalem, <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 31.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem,
-ending the possession of Rome, <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 636.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<emph>Duration</emph> of Rome's possession of
-Jerusalem (2nd Eclipse Cycle), 666<note place='foot'><p>In passing from <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> dates to <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> dates, <emph>one year must always be deducted</emph>,
-<hi rend='italic'>e.g.</hi>, from <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 2 to <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 2 is only <emph>three</emph> years, not four! Thus—
-</p>
-<p>
-From Jan. 1 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 2 to Jan. 1 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 1 is one year.
-</p>
-<p>
-From Jan. 1 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 1 to Jan. 1 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 1 is one year.
-</p>
-<p>
-From Jan. 1 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 1 to Jan. 1 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 2 is one year.</p>
-<p>
-These make only <emph>three</emph> years.
-</p>
-<p>
-Hence, <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 31 to <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 636 is 666 years, not 667.</p></note> years.
-</p>
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>First half of <q>the times of the
-gentiles</q></hi>, 1260 years.
-</p>
-<p>
-Date of Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem, <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 636-7.
-</p>
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Second half of <q>the times of the
-gentiles</q></hi> and <emph>Duration</emph> of Mahommedan
-possession of Jerusalem, <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 1260, and 1260 years.
-</p>
-<p>
-End and <q>fulness</q> of <q>the times of
-the Gentiles</q>, <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> 1896-7, and 2520 years.
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<pb n='190'/><anchor id='Pg190'/>
-
-<p>
-From this it appears that 1896-7 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> would mark
-the fulfilment, and complete the duration, of <q>times of
-the Gentiles.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The above reckoning has the following advantages
-over all previous historicist interpretations:—
-</p>
-
-<p>
-1. <emph>Controverted</emph> dates are excluded.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-2. The <emph>whole</emph> period of 2520 years is dealt with,
-instead of only the latter half (1260), as is usually
-the case.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-3. It confines these <q>times</q> to the one place where
-the Lord Himself put them, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, <q>JERUSALEM.</q>
-He said, <q>Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the
-Gentiles, till the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These <q>times,</q> therefore, are confined to Jerusalem.
-This <q>treading down</q> is confined to Jerusalem. It
-is not the city of Rome that is to be trodden down
-for 1260 years. Why, then, should these <q>times</q>
-be separated from what is characteristic of their
-<emph>duration</emph>, and applied to Rome, papal or imperial?
-Why should historicists search for some act of emperors
-or popes in the early part of the seventh
-century in order to add it to 1260, so as to find
-some terminal date in or near our own times!<note place='foot'>While the <emph>premisses</emph> of the Historicist school are thus strengthened, their <emph>conclusions</emph>
-are shown to be erroneous.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We claim that the Lord Himself has joined these
-<q>times of the Gentiles</q> with the city of <q>Jerusalem,</q>
-and we say, <q>What, therefore, God hath joined
-together, let not man put asunder</q> (Matt. xix. 6).
-</p>
-
-<pb n='191'/><anchor id='Pg191'/>
-
-<p>
-When Jesus spoke of this <emph>treading down</emph>, it looks
-as though it were then still future; for He said,
-<q>Jerusalem <emph>shall be</emph> trodden down,</q> etc., The occupation
-of Jerusalem by Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece,
-and Rome, was for purposes of <emph>government</emph> rather than
-for a wanton treading down. Government on the earth
-was committed unto them. But when Jerusalem passed
-from the government of the Roman Empire into the
-hands of the Turks, it could then be said, in a very
-special sense, to be <q>trodden down.</q> For of any
-government worthy of the name there has been none;
-and of desolation and desecration the city has been
-full. Under the feeble rule of the Turks, all the
-Gentiles seem to have combined in laying waste the
-holy city.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Though Jews are returning thither in ever-increasing
-numbers, they are only strangers there. They
-have as yet no independent position, nor can they
-make any treaties. But when these <q>times</q> shall
-end, it means that they will have a position of
-sufficient independence to be able to make a treaty
-or league with the coming Prince (Dan. ix. 27); and
-then the course of events will bring on another
-treading down of 1260 literal <q>days</q> which will
-thus have had a fore-shadowing fulfilment in years!
-This is written in Rev. xi. 2. And to save us from
-any misunderstanding, the time is given, not in days,
-but in <q><emph>months</emph>.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The angel, after directing John to measure the
-Temple of God and the altar, adds, <q>but the court
-which is without the Temple leave out, and measure
-<pb n='192'/><anchor id='Pg192'/>
-it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles; and the
-holy city shall they tread under foot forty and two
-months.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This refers to a future treading down, which will
-be limited to the brief period of <q>forty two</q> literal
-<q>months,</q> during the time of the coming Prince; and
-<q>in the midst</q> of the last week, when he shall
-break His covenant with the Jews,<note place='foot'>And cause sacrifice and oblation to cease (Dan. ix. 27). We know that is referred,
-by historicists, to the Messiah. But they are not entitled to so interpret this
-passage unless they take with it viii. 11, xi. 31, and xii. 11, where the same event
-is distinctly referred to, and is spoken, not of Christ, but of Antichrist.</note> set up the
-<q>abomination of desolation</q> (Dan ix. 27; which
-is still future in Matt. xxiv. 15), and <q>tread down the
-holy city.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We now desire to specially emphasize the fact
-that all these dates, and their termination in a rapidly
-approaching fulfilment, refer <hi rend='smallcaps'>only to Jerusalem, and
-the Gentiles, and the Jews</hi>! They refer only to
-the end of the Gentile possession of Jerusalem, and
-to the settlement of the Jews in their own city and
-land.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These <q>times and seasons</q> have nothing whatever
-to do with <q>the Church of God</q> (1 Thess. v. 1).
-The mystical Body of Christ, whenever its members
-are complete, <q>will be taken up to meet the Lord—the
-Head of the Body—in the air, so to be ever
-with the Lord</q> (1 Thess. iv. 15-17). This glorious
-event has nothing to do with any earthly sign or
-circumstance, so far as the members of this mystical
-Body are concerned.
-</p>
-
-<pb n='193'/><anchor id='Pg193'/>
-
-<p>
-Therefore we are not dealing here with the coming
-of the Lord; either for His saints, or with them.
-We are not referring to what is commonly and
-erroneously called <q>the end of the world.</q> We are
-merely pointing out that the end of Gentile dominion
-<emph>over Jerusalem</emph> is drawing near! And we cannot close
-our eyes to the marvellous manner in which the veil
-is being removed from Jewish hearts: to the change
-which has come over the Jewish nation in its
-attitude towards Christ and Christianity, chiefly,
-under God, through the unparalleled circulation
-of more than a quarter of a million copies of a
-new translation of the New Testament into Hebrew,
-by the late Isaac Salkinson, published by
-the Trinitarian Bible Society, and freely distributed
-by the Mildmay Mission to the Jews: to the Palestine
-literature which has sprung up amongst the
-Jews in recent years: to the persecutions in various
-countries which are stirring their nest, and setting
-the nation in motion: to the organized emigration
-to Argentina, which its promoters avowedly speak of
-as <q>a nursery ground for Palestine</q> (<hi rend='italic'>Daily Graphic</hi>,
-March 10th, 1892): to the railways completed and
-in course of construction in the Holy Land: to the
-numerous Societies and their branches which have
-permeated the whole nation, which, while having
-various names, have only one object—<q>the colonisation
-of Palestine.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When we put these events side by side with
-the teaching of the heavens as to the <q>cycles</q>
-or appointed times, we are merely showing how
-<pb n='194'/><anchor id='Pg194'/>
-wonderfully they agree with what is written in the
-Book, and witnessed to by great and uncontested
-historic dates.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Nor are we absolutely naming a definite year or
-day even for these Palestine events. After all, they
-can be only approximate, for man has so misused
-every gift that God has ever given him, that even
-with such wondrous heavenly time-keepers he cannot
-really tell you what year it is! And, besides this
-loss of reckoning, there is confusion as to the commencement
-of the <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> era, which makes absolute
-accuracy between the <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi>, <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>, and <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi> dates
-impossible.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Added to this, there is another point to be borne
-in mind, <hi rend='italic'>viz.</hi>, that when the <q>times of the Gentiles</q>
-shall end, Jewish independence need <emph>not be either
-immediate or complete</emph>!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For when Nebuchadnezzar began his kingdom of
-Babylon in <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.m.</hi> 3376 (<hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi> 625), the Jews, though in
-their land and city, were not independent. Nebuchadnezzar
-went to and fro to Jerusalem, and put
-down and set up whom he would; and it was not till
-some thirty years afterwards that he destroyed the
-City and Temple and made the people captives.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-So, likewise, in the time of the end, there may
-be an <foreign rend='italic'>epanodos</foreign>. There may be a similar period of
-possession without independence, a quasi-independence
-guaranteed by the Great Powers; and, for ought
-we know, it may be that, in order to gain <emph>complete</emph>
-<pb n='195'/><anchor id='Pg195'/>
-independence, they may ultimately make that fatal
-league with the coming Prince.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-So that while we name the dates 1896-7 as being
-significant, we are not <q>fixing dates</q> in the ordinary
-sense of the term, but merely pointing out some of
-<q>the signs of the times,</q> concerning which we ought
-not to be ignorant.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <emph>true interpretation</emph> will in any case still
-remain, and will surely be literally fulfilled in its own
-time. The Word of God will be vindicated; its prophetic
-truth will be verified; God Himself will be
-glorified; and His people saved with an everlasting
-salvation.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Meanwhile the members of His Body will <q>wait
-for His Son from heaven, whom He raised from the
-dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath
-to come</q> (1 Thess. i. 10). They will live <q>looking
-for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of
-the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, who
-gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from
-all iniquity, and purify unto Himself a peculiar people
-(<hi rend='smallcaps'>r.v.</hi>, a people for His own possession) zealous of
-good works</q> (Titus ii. 13, 14). They will <q>look for
-the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ,</q> from heaven,
-believing that there is no hope either for <q>the Jew,
-the Gentile, or the Church of God,</q> or for a groaning
-creation, until <q>the times of refreshing shall come
-from the presence of the Lord; and He shall send
-Jesus Christ, whom the heaven must receive until
-the times of restitution of all things, which God
-<pb n='196'/><anchor id='Pg196'/>
-hath spoken by the mouth of ALL HIS HOLY
-PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN</q>
-(Acts iii. 19-21).
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<lg>
-<l><q rend='pre'>The world is sick, and yet not unto death;</q></l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>There is for it a day of health in store;</l>
-<l>From lips of love there comes the healing breath,—</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The breath of Him who all its sickness bore,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And bids it rise to strength and beauty evermore.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Evil still reigns; and deep within we feel</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The fever, and the palsy, and the pain</l>
-<l>Of life's perpetual heartaches, that reveal</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The rooted poison, which, from heart and brain,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>We labour to extract, but labour all in vain.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Our skill avails not; ages come and go,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Yet bring with them no respite and no cure;</l>
-<l>The hidden wound, the sigh of pent-up woe,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The sting we smother, but must still endure,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The worthless remedies which no relief procure,—</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>All these cry out for something more divine,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>Which the worst woes of earth may not withstand;</l>
-<l>Medicine that cannot fail—the oil and wine,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>The balm and myrrh, growth of no earthly land,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And the all-skilful touch of the great Healer's hand.</l>
-</lg>
-
-<lg>
-<l>Man needs a prophet: Heavenly Prophet, speak,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And teach him what he is too proud to hear.</l>
-<l>Man needs a priest: True Priest, Thy silence break,</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'>And speak the words of pardon in his ear.</l>
-<l rend='margin-left: 2'><q rend='post'>Man needs a king: O King, at length in peace appear.</q></l>
-</lg>
-
-</quote>
-
-</div>
-
-<pb n='199'/><anchor id='Pg199'/>
-
-<div rend='page-break-before: always'>
-<index index='toc'/>
-<index index='pdf'/>
-<head>Appendix. Note on the Sign LIBRA.</head>
-
-<p>
-On page <ref target='Pg047'>47</ref> we called attention to the point that in
-all probability the Sign <hi rend='smallcaps'>Libra</hi> was a very ancient
-corruption.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The ancient Akkadian name for the <emph>seventh</emph> month,
-which was the month when the sun was in the Sign
-now called <hi rend='smallcaps'>Libra</hi>, was <hi rend='italic'>Tul-ku</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the sacred
-mound</hi>, or <hi rend='italic'>altar</hi>. The Akkadian name for this Sign
-was <hi rend='italic'>Bir</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the Light</hi>, hence, the Lamp
-with its light, or the Altar with its fire.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/fig-01.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Fig. 1—The Circular Altar, in the Sign now called Libra.</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='200'/><anchor id='Pg200'/>
-
-<p>
-Its most ancient form was a circular altar.<note place='foot'>See <hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratos</hi>, line 440.</note> In
-Figure 1 we have reproduced this,<note place='foot'>As proved by Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., in his <hi rend='italic'>Remarks on the Euphratean
-Astronomical Names of the Signs of the Zodiac</hi> (p. 16).</note> and it will be at
-once seen that we have the original of the disc now
-preserved in the <emph>two circular scales</emph> which form the
-Sign of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Libra</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The next stage of the corruption is shown in the
-Akkadian name of <hi rend='italic'>Scorpio</hi> (the Scorpion)—the Sign
-immediately to the left of the Altar. It was called
-<hi rend='italic'>Gir-tab</hi>, which means <hi rend='italic'>the Seizer and Stinger</hi>, and the
-next Figure (2), taken from an Euphratean boundary
-stone,<note place='foot'>By the kind permission of Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., <hi rend='italic'>The Celestial Equator of
-Aratos</hi>, p. 466.</note> shows the two Signs combined, for the Scorpion
-is stretching out its claws in order to <emph>seize</emph> the <emph>Lamp</emph>
-or <emph>Altar</emph>.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/fig-02.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Fig. 2—The Scorpion and the Lamp. (From a Euphratean Boundary Stone.)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='201'/><anchor id='Pg201'/>
-
-<p>
-Thus the meaning of its name is exemplified. It
-is called the <hi rend='italic'>Seizer and Stinger</hi>. And just as in the
-constellation above it, the Serpent is struggling with
-the man, while at the same time it is stretching out
-its neck to seize the crown,<note place='foot'>See this shown on the cover of this book.</note> so here the Scorpion,
-while trying to <emph>sting</emph> the same man in the heel, is
-stretching out its claws to <emph>seize</emph> the altar.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A seal on a contract, nearly 700 <hi rend='smallcaps'>b.c.</hi>, shows
-this Circular Altar actually in the grasp of the
-Scorpion.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/fig-03.png' rend='width: 80%'>
- <head>Fig. 3—Scorpion and Lamp. (From an Euphratean Seal.)</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Figure 3 is a picture of this Euphratean Seal,
-preserved on a contract made on the 8th day of
-the month <hi rend='italic'>Tisri</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, this same <emph>seventh</emph> month!<note place='foot'>Menant, <hi rend='italic'>Empreintes de Cachets Assyro-Chaldéens</hi>, 9. <q>Sur un contrat daté
-du 8 Tisri, de l'année de Bin-takkil-ani, 690 ou 645 avant J.C.</q></note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This then is the next stage. But Mr. Robert
-Brown, junr., observes, <q>The <emph>Circle</emph> or other representation
-of an <emph>Altar</emph> not unnaturally disappeared as
-<pb n='202'/><anchor id='Pg202'/>
-the use of the Sign advanced westward; whether by
-sea, or across Asia Minor, or both, and the <hi rend='italic'>Chelai</hi>
-alone remained when the shores of the Ægean were
-reached.</q><note place='foot'><hi rend='italic'>Researches on the Euphratean Astronomical Names of the Signs of the Zodiac</hi>,
-p. 17.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is quite true, for the Greek name for the Sign
-was <hi rend='italic'>Chelai</hi>, which means simply <hi rend='italic'>the Claws</hi>. And thus
-the Scorpion monopolised two Signs; its body one,
-and its claws the other. This led to the mistake of
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Servius</hi>, the intelligent commentator on <hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgil</hi>,<note place='foot'>In <hi rend='italic'>Georgica</hi>, i. 33.</note> that
-<q>the Chaldean Zodiac consisted of but eleven constellations.</q>
-We now know that there were twelve
-Signs, and the mistake is thus explained.
-</p>
-
-<p rend='text-align: center'>
- <figure url='images/fig-04.png' rend='width: 60%'>
- <head>Fig. 4—The Constellation of "the Claws." Formerly the Circular Altar,
-now Libra.</head>
- <figDesc>Illustration</figDesc>
- </figure>
-</p>
-
-<pb n='203'/><anchor id='Pg203'/>
-
-<p>
-Mr. Brown quotes <hi rend='smallcaps'>Achilles Tatius</hi>, about 475 <hi rend='smallcaps'>a.d.</hi>,
-in a Fragment on the <hi rend='italic'>Phainomena</hi>, who says, τὰς χηλὰς
-τὰς καλόυμένας ὑπ Ἀιγυπτίων Ζυγὸν.<note place='foot'><hi rend='smallcaps'>Ap Petavius</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>Uranologion</hi>, 168, <q><hi rend='italic'>The claws, called by the Egyptians
-Zugon</hi>,</q> <hi rend='italic'>i.e.</hi>, <hi rend='italic'>the yoke</hi> that joins any two things together.</note>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Aratus</hi> says that <q>some few stars of the <hi rend='italic'>Claws</hi>
-are in the (Celestial) Equator.</q> And <hi rend='smallcaps'>Ptolemy</hi> describes
-the stars, now reckoned in <hi rend='smallcaps'>Libra</hi>, as being
-in what he calls <q>The Constellation of the Claws.</q>
-We have reproduced them so that his description
-of them may be readily traced. He speaks of—
-</p>
-
-<quote rend='display'>
-
-<p>
-<q>The bright one of those at the end of the southern
-<hi rend='italic'>Claw</hi>.</q> (It is named <hi rend='italic'>Zuben el Genubi</hi> and now
-marked α).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The one more northerly than it, and dimmer</q> (now
-marked μ).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The bright one of those at the end of the northern <hi rend='italic'>Claw</hi></q>
-(named <hi rend='italic'>Zuben el Chemali</hi>, and now marked β).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The one in front of it and dim</q> (δ).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The one in the middle of the southern <hi rend='italic'>Claw</hi></q> (1 i).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The one in the middle of the northern <hi rend='italic'>Claw</hi></q> (now
-marked γ).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The one behind it in the same <hi rend='italic'>Claw</hi></q> (η).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The foremost of the three more northerly than the
-northern <hi rend='italic'>Claws</hi></q> (1 f).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The southern one of the two hindmost</q> (ε).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The hindmost of the three between the <hi rend='italic'>Claws</hi></q> (one of
-the stars now marked κ or λ).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The northern of the two remaining and preceding ones</q>
-(ζ).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<q>The southern one of them</q> (n).
-</p>
-
-</quote>
-
-<p>
-This is how the stars formerly in the Sign of the
-(Circular) <hi rend='smallcaps'>Altar</hi>, came to be reckoned in <hi rend='italic'>the Claws</hi>
-<pb n='204'/><anchor id='Pg204'/>
-of the Scorpion; and this is how the circular scales
-of <hi rend='smallcaps'>Libra</hi> came to be substituted for the ancient
-<hi rend='italic'>Circular</hi> <hi rend='smallcaps'>Altar</hi>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This corruption of the primitive teaching of the
-<hi rend='smallcaps'>Altar</hi>, shows how the enemy attempted to <emph>seize</emph> on
-the Atonement, bring in <q>the way of Cain,</q> and
-substitute <emph>human merit</emph> for the atoning sacrifice of
-Christ; thus perverting the truth at its fountain head.
-Just as in Gen. iii. we have the woman's promised
-Seed in conflict with the Enemy, so in Gen. iv. we
-see the Scorpion's claws—<q>the way of Cain</q> in
-conflict with <q>the way of God.</q>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There can be but little doubt, therefore, that the
-first Sign of the Zodiac was <hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi>, the second was
-the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Altar</hi>, and the third was the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Scorpion</hi>. The
-lesson which they teach is clear: The Seed of the
-woman (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Virgo</hi>), who was to come as a child, should
-be a sacrifice (the <hi rend='smallcaps'>Altar</hi>) for the sins of His people;
-endure a great conflict with the enemy (<hi rend='smallcaps'>Scorpio</hi>), in
-which He should be wounded in the heel; but should
-in the end crush and tread the enemy under foot.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-</body>
-<back rend="page-break-before: right">
- <div id="footnotes">
- <index index="toc" />
- <index index="pdf" />
- <head>Footnotes</head>
- <divGen type="footnotes"/>
- </div>
- <div rend="page-break-before: right">
- <divGen type="pgfooter" />
- </div>
-</back>
-</text>
-</TEI.2>
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a/49018-tei/images/w-shape.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/49018.txt b/49018.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9371f0c..0000000 --- a/49018.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7707 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Witness of the Stars by Ethelbert -William Bullinger - - - -This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -http://www.gutenberg.org/license. If you are not located in the United -States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located -before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The Witness of the Stars - -Author: Ethelbert William Bullinger - -Release Date: May 21, 2015 [Ebook #49018] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: US-ASCII - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WITNESS OF THE STARS*** - - - - - - The Witness of the Stars - - By The - - Rev. Ethelbert William Bullinger, D.D. - - "_HE telleth the number of the stars;_ - _He giveth them all their names._" (Ps. cxlvii. 4. R.V.) - - Published by the Author - - London - - 1893 - - - - - -CONTENTS - - -Preface. -Introduction. -The First Book. The Redeemer. - Chapter I. The Sign VIRGO. - 1. COMA (The Woman and Child). - 2. CENTAURUS (The Centaur). - 3. BOOeTES (The Coming One). - Chapter II. The Sign LIBRA. - 1. CRUX (The Cross). - 2. LUPUS or VICTIMA (The Victim). - 3. CORONA (The Crown). - Chapter III. The Sign SCORPIO. - 1 and 2. SERPENS and OPHIUCHUS. - 3. HERCULES (The Mighty Man). - Chapter IV. The Sign SAGITTARIUS. - 1. LYRA (The Harp). - 2. ARA (The Altar). - 3. DRACO (The Dragon). -The Second Book. The Redeemed. - Chapter I. The Sign CAPRICORNUS (The Sea Goat). - 1. SAGITTA (The Arrow). - 2. AQUILA (The Eagle). - 3. DELPHINUS (The Dolphin). - Chapter II. The Sign AQUARIUS (The Water Bearer). - 1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (The Southern Fish). - 2. PEGASUS (The Winged Horse). - 3. CYGNUS (The Swan). - Chapter III. The Sign PISCES (The Fishes). - 1. THE BAND. - 2. ANDROMEDA (The Chained Woman). - 3. CEPHEUS (The King). - Chapter IV. The Sign ARIES (The Ram or Lamb). - 1. CASSIOPEIA (The Enthroned Woman). - 2. CETUS (The Sea Monster). - 3. PERSEUS ("The Breaker.") -The Third Book. The Redeemer. - Chapter I. The Sign TAURUS (The Bull). - 1. ORION (The Coming Prince). - 2. ERIDANUS (The River of the Judge). - 3. AURIGA (The Shepherd). - Chapter II. The Sign GEMINI (The Twins). - 1. LEPUS (the Hare), THE ENEMY. - 2. CANIS MAJOR (The Dog), or SIRIUS (The Prince). - 3. CANIS MINOR (The Second Dog). - Chapter III. The Sign CANCER (The Crab). - 1. URSA MINOR (The Little Bear). - 2. URSA MAJOR (The Great Bear). - 3. ARGO (The Ship). - Chapter IV. The Sign LEO (The Lion). - 1. HYDRA (The Serpent). - 2. CRATER (The Cup). - 3. CORVUS (The Raven). -Summary. -"For Signs And For Seasons." -Appendix. Note on the Sign LIBRA. -Footnotes - - - - - - - [Cover Art] - - - - - -[Transcribers Note: This e-book contains countless special symbols, and -characters from uncommon character sets. If you see unrenderable -characters, you may need to change to a font that has the needed Unicode -blocks. It uses these uncommon character sets: Greek (Unicode U+0370 -through U+03FF), Greek Extended (U+1F00 through U+1FFF), Hebrew (U+0590 -through U+05FF), and Miscellaneous Symbols (U+2600 through U+26FF). Hebrew -pointings and Greek markings are as provided in the original book, and -some differ from the usual pointings and markings for those words.] - - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Some years ago it was my privilege to enjoy the acquaintance of Miss -Frances Rolleston, of Keswick, and to carry on a correspondence with her -with respect to her work, _Mazzaroth: or, the Constellations_. She was the -first to create an interest in this important subject. Since then Dr. -Seiss, of Philadelphia, has endeavoured to popularize her work on the -other side of the Atlantic; and brief references have been made to the -subject in such books as _Moses and Geology_, by Dr. Kinns, and in -_Primeval Man_; but it was felt, for many reasons, that it was desirable -to make another effort to set forth, in a more complete form, the _witness -of the stars to prophetic truth_, so necessary in these last days. - -To the late Miss Rolleston, however, belongs the honour of collecting a -mass of information bearing on this subject; but, published as it was, -chiefly in the form of _notes_, unarranged and unindexed, it was suited -only for, but was most valuable to, the student. She it was who performed -the drudgery of collecting the facts presented by Albumazer, the Arab -astronomer to the Caliphs of Grenada, 850 A.D.; and the Tables drawn up by -Ulugh Beigh, the Tartar prince and astronomer, about 1450 A.D., who gives -the Arabian Astronomy as it had come down from the earliest times. - -Modern astronomers have preserved, and still have in common use, the -ancient names of over a hundred of the principal stars which have been -handed down; but now these names are used merely as a convenience, and -without any reference to their significance. - -This work is an attempt to popularize this ancient information, and to use -it in the interests of truth. - -For the ancient astronomical facts and the names, with their -signification, I am, from the very nature of the case, indebted, of -course, to all who have preserved, collected, and handed them down; but -for their interpretation I am alone responsible. - -It is for the readers to judge how far my conclusions are borne out by the -evidence; and how far the foundation of our hopes of coming glory are -strengthened by the prophecies which have been written in the stars of -heaven, as well as in the Scriptures of truth. - -For the illustrations I am greatly indebted to Jamieson's _Celestial -Atlas_, 1820; Flammarion's _L'Etoiles_; Sir John W. Lubbock's _Stars in -Six Maps_, 1883; and to the late Mr. Edward J. Cooper's _Egyptian -Scenery_, 1820. For the general presentation and arrangement of the -Constellations I am responsible, while for the drawings my thanks are due -to my friend Miss Amy Manson. - -It is the possession of "that blessed hope" of Christ's speedy return from -Heaven which will give true interest in the great subject of this book. - -No one can dispute the antiquity of the Signs of the Zodiac, or of the -Constellations. No one can question the accuracy of the ancient star-names -which have come down to us, for they are still preserved in every good -celestial atlas. And we hope that no one will be able to resist the -cumulative evidence that, apart from God's grace in Christ there is no -hope for sinners now: and apart from God's glory, as it will be manifested -in the return of Christ from Heaven, there is no hope for the Church, no -hope for Israel, no hope for the world, no hope for a groaning creation. -In spite of all the vaunted promises of a religious World, and of a -worldly Church, to remove the effects of the curse by a Social Gospel of -Sanitation, we are more and more shut up to the prophecy of Gen. iii. 15, -which we wait and long to see fulfilled in Christ as our only hope. This -is beautifully expressed by the late Dr. William Leask:-- - - - And is there none before? No perfect peace - Unbroken by the storms and cares of life, - Until the time of waiting for Him cease, - By His appearing to destroy the strife? - No, none before. - - Do we not hear that through the flag of grace - By faithful messengers of God unfurled, - All men will be converted, and the place - Of man's rebellion be a holy world? - Yes, so we hear. - - Is it not true that to the Church is given - The holy honour of dispelling night, - And bringing back the human race to heaven, - By kindling everywhere the Gospel light? - It is not true. - - Is this the hope--that Christ the Lord will come, - In all the glory of His royal right, - Redeemer and Avenger, taking home - His saints, and crushing the usurper's might? - This is the hope. - - -May the God of all grace accept and bless this effort to show forth His -glory, and use it to strengthen His people in waiting for His Son from -Heaven, even Jesus which delivered us from the wrath to come. - -Ethelbert W. Bullinger. - -_August 31st, 1893._ - - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -For more than two thousand five hundred years the world was without a -written revelation from God. The question is, Did God leave Himself -without a witness? The question is answered very positively by the written -Word that He did not. In Rom. i. 19 it is declared that, "that which may -be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath showed it unto them. For -the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world are clearly -seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power -and Godhead; so that they are without excuse." But how was God known? How -were His "invisible things," _i.e._, His plans, His purposes, and His -counsels, known since the creation of the world? We are told by the Holy -Spirit in Rom. x. 18. Having stated in _v._ 17 that "Faith cometh by -hearing and hearing by the Word ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _the thing spoken_, _sayings_) of -God," He asks, "But I say, Have they not heard? Yes, verily." And we may -ask, How have they heard? The answer follows--"Their sound went into all -the earth ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}) and their words ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _their teaching_, _message_, -_instruction_) unto the ends of the world ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~})." What words? What -instruction? Whose message? Whose teaching? There is only one answer, and -that is, THE HEAVENS! This is settled by the fact that the passage is -quoted from Ps. xix., the first part of which is occupied with the -Revelation of God written in _the Heavens_, and the latter part with the -Revelation of God written in the _Word_. - -This is the simple explanation of this beautiful Psalm. This is why its -two subjects are brought together. It has often perplexed many why there -should be that abrupt departure in verse 7--"The law of the Lord is -perfect, converting the soul." The fact is, there is nothing abrupt in it, -and it is no departure. It is simply the transition to the second of the -two great Revelations which are thus placed in juxtaposition. The first is -the Revelation of the Creator, _El_, {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, in His _works_, while the second -is the Revelation of the Covenant Jehovah, {~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, in His _Word_. And it -is noteworthy that while in the first half of the Psalm, _El_ is named -only once, in the latter half _Jehovah_ is named _seven_ times, the last -being threefold (Jehovah, Rock, and Redeemer), concluding the Psalm. - -Let us then turn to Ps. xix., and note first-- - - - - -The Structure(1) of the Psalm as a whole. - - - A | 1-4-. The Heavens. - B | -4-6. "In them" ({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}) the Sun. - A | 7-10. The Scriptures. - B | 11-14. "In them" ({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}) Thy Servant. - - -In the _Key to the Psalms_, p. 17, it is pointed out that the terms -employed in _A_ and _B_ are _astronomical_,(2) while in A and B they are -_literary_. Thus the two parts are significantly connected and united. - -Ewald and others imagine that this Psalm is made up of two fragments of -separate Psalms composed at different periods and brought together by a -later editor! - -But this is disproved not only by what has been said concerning the -structure of the Psalm as a whole, and the interlacing of the astronomical -and the literary terms in the two parts, but it is also shown by more -minute details. - -Each half consists of two portions which correspond the one to the other, -A answering to _A_, and B to _B_. Moreover, each half, as well as each -corresponding member, consists of the same number of lines; those in the -first half being, by the _caesura_, short, while those in the last half are -long (or double). - - - A | 1-4-. Eight lines - B | -4-6. Six lines - _A_ | 7-10. Eight lines - _B_ | 11-14. Six lines - - -If we confine ourselves to the first half of the Psalm(3) (A and B, verses -1-6), with which we are now alone concerned, we see a still more minute -proof of Divine order and perfection. - - - - -The Structure of A and B. - - - A & B | C | 1. The heavens. - | D | 2. Their testimony: incessant. (Pos.) - | E | 3. Their words inaudible. (Neg.) - | _D_ | 4-. Their testimony: universal. (Pos.) - | _C_ | -4-6. The heavens. - - -Here we have an _introversion_, in which the extremes (C and _C_) are -occupied with the _heavens_; while the means (D, E and _D_) are occupied -with their testimony. - -The following is the full expansion of the above, with original -emendations which preserve the _order_ of the Hebrew words and thus -indicate the nature of the structure:-- - - - C | a | The heavens - b | are telling(4) - c | the glory(5) of God: - _c_ | and the work of his hands - _b_ | is setting forth(6) - _a_ | the firmament. - D | d | Day after day(7) - e | uttereth(8) speech, - _d_ | And night after night - _e_ | sheweth knowledge. - E | f | There is no speech (what is articulate) - g | and there are no words (what is audible); - _g_ | and without being audible, - _f_ | is their voice (what is articulate). - _D_ | h | Into all the earth (as created) - i | is their line(9) gone forth; - _h_ | And into the ends of the world (as inhabited) - _i_ | Their sayings. - C | j | For the sun He hath set a tent (an abode) in them; - _k_ | l | and he as a bridegroom (comparison) - m | is going forth from his canopy, (motion: its rising) - _l_ | he rejoiceth as a mighty one (comparison) - _m_ | to run his course. (Motion: its rapid course.) - _k_ | n | from the end of the heavens (egress) - o | is his going forth (egress) - _o_ | and his revolution (regress) - _n_ | unto their ends (regress): - _j_ | and there is nothing hid from his heat (_i.e._, from - him)(10) - - -Surely there is something more referred to here than a mere wonder excited -by the works of the Creator! When we read the whole passage and mark its -structure, and note the words employed, we are emphatically told that the -heavens contain a revelation from God; they prophesy, they show knowledge, -they tell of God's glory, and set forth His purposes and counsels. - -It is a remarkable fact that it is in the Book of Job, which is generally -allowed to be the oldest book in the Bible,(11) if not in the world, that -we have references to this Stellar Revelation. This would be at least -2,000 years before Christ. In that book the signs of the Zodiac and the -names of several stars and constellations are mentioned, as being ancient -and well-known. - -In Isa. xl. 26 (R.V.) we read:-- - - - "Lift up your eyes on high, - And see who hath created these, - That bringeth out their host by number: - He calleth them all by name; - By the greatness of His might, - And for that He is strong in power, - Not one is lacking." - - -We have the same evidence in Psalm cxlvii. 4. (R.V.) - - - "He telleth the number of the stars; - He giveth them all their names." - - -Here is a distinct and Divine declaration that the great Creator both -_numbered_ as well as _named_ the stars of Heaven. - -The question is, Has he revealed any of these names? Have any of them been -handed down to us? - -The answer is Yes; and that in the Bible itself we have the names (so -ancient that their meaning is a little obscure) of _Ash_ ({~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}, a name -still connected with the Great Bear), _Cesil_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}), and _Cimah_ -({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}). - -They occur in Job ix. 9: "Which maketh Arcturus (R.V. _the Bear_), Orion, -and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south." (Marg., Heb., _Ash_, -_Cesil_, and _Cimah_.) - -Job xxxviii. 31, 32: "Canst thou bind the sweet influences (R.V. cluster) -of the Pleiades (marg., _the __ seven stars_, Heb. _Cimah_), or loose the -bands of Orion (marg. Heb. _Cesil_)? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth -(marg., _the twelve signs_. R.V., 'the twelve signs': and marg., _the -signs of the Zodiac_) in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his -sons (R.V., the Bear with her train; and marg., Heb., _sons_)."(12) - -Isa. xiii. 10: ... "The stars of heaven and the constellations thereof." -... - -Amos v. 8: "Seek him that maketh the seven stars (R.V., the Pleiades) and -Orion." - -Then we have the term "Mazzaroth," Job xxxviii. 32, and "Mazzaloth," 2 -Kings xxiii. 5. The former in both versions is referred to the Twelve -Signs of the Zodiac, while the latter is rendered "planets," and in -margin, _the twelve signs or constellations_. - -Others are referred to by name. The sign of "Gemini," or the Twins, is -given as the name of a ship: Acts xxviii. 11, {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}, (_i.e._ Castor & -Pollux). - -Most commentators agree that the constellation of "Draco," or the Dragon -(between the Great and Little Bear), is referred to in Job xxvi. 13: "By -His Spirit He hath garnished the heavens; His hand hath formed the crooked -serpent (R.V. swift. Marg. _fleeing_ or _gliding_. See Is. xxvii. 1; -xliii. 14)." This word "garnished" is peculiar. The R.V. puts in the -margin, _beauty_. In Ps. xvi. 6, it is rendered _goodly_. "I have a goodly -heritage." In Dan. iv. 2, it is rendered, "I thought it good to show," -referring to "the signs and wonders" with which God had visited -Nebuchadnezzar. It appears from this that God "_thought it good to show_" -by these signs written in the heavens the wonders of His purposes and -counsels, and it was by His Spirit that He made it known; it was His hand -that _coiled_ ({~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}) the crooked serpent among the stars of heaven. - -Thus we see that the Scriptures are not silent as to the great antiquity -of the signs and constellations. - -If we turn to history and tradition, we are at once met with the fact that -the Twelve Signs are the same, both as to the meaning of their names and -as to their order _in all the ancient nations of the world_. The Chinese, -Chaldean, and Egyptian records go back to more than 2,000 years B.C. -Indeed, the Zodiacs in the Temples of Denderah and Esneh, in Egypt, are -doubtless copies of Zodiacs still more ancient, which, from internal -evidence, must be placed nearly 4,000 B.C., when the summer solstice was -in Leo. - -Josephus hands down to us what he gives as the traditions of his own -nation, corroborated by his reference to eight ancient Gentile -authorities, whose works are lost. He says that they all assert that "God -gave the antediluvians such long life that they might perfect those things -which they had invented in astronomy." Cassini commences his _History of -Astronomy_ by saying "It is impossible to doubt that astronomy was -invented from the beginning of the world; history, profane as well as -sacred, testifies to this truth." Nouet, a French astronomer, infers that -the Egyptian Astronomy must have arisen 5,400 B.C.! - -Ancient Persian and Arabian traditions ascribe its invention to Adam, -Seth, and Enoch. Josephus asserts that it originated in the family of -Seth; and he says that the children of Seth, and especially Adam, Seth, -and Enoch, that their revelation might not be lost as to the two coming -judgments of Water and Fire, made two pillars (one of brick, the other of -stone), describing the whole of the predictions of the stars upon them, -and in case the brick pillar should be destroyed by the flood, the stone -would preserve the revelation (Book i. chs. 1-3). - -This is what is doubtless meant by Gen. xi. 4, "And they said, Go to, let -us build us a city and a tower whose top _may reach_ unto heaven." The -words "_may reach_" are in italics. There is nothing in the verse which -relates to the height of this tower. It merely says {~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~} {~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}, -_and his top with the heavens_, _i.e._ with the pictures and the stars, -just as we find them in the ancient temples of Denderah and Esneh in -Egypt. This tower, with its planisphere and pictures of the signs and -constellations, was to be erected like those temples were afterwards, in -order to preserve the revelation, "lest we be scattered abroad upon the -face of the whole earth." - -This is corroborated by Lieut.-Gen. Chesney, well known for his learned -researches and excavations among the ruins of Babylon, who, after -describing his various discoveries, says,(13) "About five miles S.W. of -Hillah, the most remarkable of all the ruins, the _Birs Nimroud_ of the -Arabs, rises to a height of 153 feet above the plain from a base covering -a square of 400 feet, or almost four acres. It was constructed of kiln- -dried bricks in seven stages to correspond with the planets to which they -were dedicated: the lowermost black, the colour of Saturn; the next -orange, for Jupiter; the third red, for Mars; and so on.(14) These stages -were surmounted by a lofty tower on the summit of which, we are told, were -the signs of the Zodiac and other astronomical figures; thus having (as it -should have been translated) _a representation of the heavens_, instead of -'a top which reached unto heaven.' " - -This Biblical evidence carries us at once right back to the Flood, or -about 2,500 years B.C. - -This tower or temple, or both, was also called "_The Seven Spheres_," -according to some; and "The Seven Lights," according to others. It is thus -clear that the popular idea of its height and purpose must be abandoned, -and its astronomical reference to revelation must be admitted. The tower -was an attempt to preserve and hand down the antediluvian traditions; -their sin was in keeping together instead of scattering themselves over -the earth. - -Another important statement is made by Dr. Budge, of the British -Museum.(15) He says, "It must never be forgotten that the Babylonians were -a nation of star-gazers, and that they kept a body of men to do nothing -else but report eclipses, appearances of the moon, sun-spots, etc., etc." - -"Astronomy, mixed with astrology, occupied a large number of tablets in -the Babylonian libraries, and Isaiah, xlvii. 13, refers to this when he -says to Babylon, 'Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels. Let -now thy astrologers (marg. _viewers of the heavens_), the star-gazers, the -monthly prognosticators stand up.' The largest astrological work of the -Babylonians contained seventy tablets, and was compiled by the command of -Sargon of Agade thirty-eight hundred years before Christ! It was called -the 'Illumination of Bel.' " - -"Their observations were made in towers called 'ziggurats' " (p. 106). - -"They built observatories in all the great cities, and reports like the -above [which Dr. Budge gives in full] were regularly sent to the King" (p. -110). - -"They were able to calculate eclipses, and had long lists of them." "They -found out that the sun was spotted, and they knew of comets." "They were -the inventors of the Zodiac" (?). There are fragments of two (ancient -Babylonian) planispheres in the British Museum with figures and -calculations inscribed upon them. "The months were called after the signs -of the Zodiac" (p. 109). - -We may form some idea of what this "representation of the heavens" was -from the fifth "Creation Tablet," now in the British Museum. It reads as -follows:-- - - - "Anu [_the Creator_] made excellent the mansions [_i.e._ _the - celestial houses_] of the great gods [twelve] in number [_i.e._ - _the twelve signs or mansions of the sun_]. - - The stars he placed in them. The lumasi [_i.e._ _groups of stars - or figures_] he fixed. - - He arranged the year according to the bounds [_i.e._ _the twelve - signs_] which he defined. - - For each of the twelve months three rows of stars [_i.e._ - _constellations_] he fixed. - - From the day when the year issues forth unto the close, he marked - the mansions [_i.e._ _the Zodiacal Signs_] of the wandering stars - [_i.e._ _planets_] to know their courses that they might not err - or deflect at all." - - -Coming down to less ancient records: EUDOXOS, an astronomer of Cnidus (403 -to 350 B.C.), wrote a work on Astronomy which he called _Phainomena_. -ANTIGONUS GONATAS, King of Macedonia (273-239 B.C.), requested the Poet -ARATUS to put the work of EUDOXUS into the form of a poem, which he did -about the year 270 B.C. ARATUS called his work _Diosemeia (the Divine -Signs)_. He was a native of Tarsus, and it is interesting for us to note -that his poem was known to, and, indeed, must have been read by, the -Apostle Paul, for he quotes it in his address at Athens on Mars' Hill. He -says (Acts xvii. 28), "For in Him we live, and move, and have our being; -as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his -offspring."(16) Several translations of this poem have been made, both by -CICERO and others, into Latin, and in recent times into English by E. -Poste, J. Lamb, and others. The following is the opening from the -translation of Robert Brown, jun.:-- - - - "From Zeus we lead the strain; he whom mankind - Ne'er leave unhymned: of Zeus all public ways, - All haunts of men, are full; and full the sea, - And harbours; and of Zeus all stand in need. - _We are his offspring_:(17) and he, ever good and mild to man, - Gives favouring signs, and rouses us to toil. - Calling to mind life's wants: when clods are best - For plough and mattock: when the time is ripe - For planting vines and sowing seeds, he tells, - Since he himself hath fixed in heaven these Signs, - The stars dividing: and throughout the year - Stars he provides to indicate to man - The seasons' course, that all things duly grow," etc., etc. - - -Then ARATUS proceeds to describe and explain all the Signs and -Constellations as the Greeks in his day understood, or rather -misunderstood, them, after their true meaning and testimony had been -forgotten. - -Moreover, ARATUS describes them, not as they were seen in his day, but as -they were seen some 4,000 years before. The stars were not seen from -Tarsus as he describes them, and he must therefore have written from a -then ancient Zodiac. For notwithstanding that we speak of "fixed stars," -there is a constant, though slow, change taking place amongst them. There -is also another change taking place owing to the slow recession of the -pole of the heavens (about 50" in the year); so that while _Alpha_ in the -constellation of _Draco_ was the Polar Star when the Zodiac was first -formed, the Polar Star is now _Alpha_ in what is called _Ursa Minor_. This -change alone carries us back at least 5,000 years. The same movement which -has changed the relative position of these two stars has also caused the -constellation of the _Southern Cross_ to become invisible in northern -latitudes. When the constellations were formed the _Southern Cross_ was -visible in N. latitude 40 deg., and was included in their number. But, though -known by tradition, it had not been seen in that latitude for some twenty -centuries, until the Cape of Good Hope had been discovered. Then was seen -again _The Southern Cross_ depicted by the Patriarchs. Here is another -indisputable proof as to the antiquity of the formation of the Zodiac. - -PTOLEMY (150 A.D.) transmits them from HIPPARCHUS (130 B.C.) "as of -unquestioned authority, unknown origin, and unsearchable antiquity." - -Sir William Drummond says that "the traditions of the Chaldean Astronomy -seem the fragments of a mighty system fallen into ruins." - -The word _Zodiac_ itself is from the Greek {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, which is not from -{~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}, _to live_, but from a primitive root through the Hebrew _Sodi_, which -in Sanscrit means _a way_. Its etymology has no connection with _living -creatures_, but denotes _a way_, or _step_, and is used of the _way_ or -_path_ in which the sun appears to move amongst the stars in the course of -the year. - -To an observer on the earth the whole firmament, together with the sun, -appears to revolve in a circle once in twenty-four hours. But the time -occupied by the stars in going round, differs from the time occupied by -the sun. This difference amounts to about one-twelfth part of the whole -circle in each month, so that when the circle of the heavens is divided up -into twelve parts, the sun appears to move each month through one of them. -This path which the sun thus makes amongst the stars is called the -_Ecliptic_.(18) - -Each of these twelve parts (consisting each of about 30 degrees) is -distinguished, not by numbers or by letters, but by pictures and names, -and this, as we have seen, from the very earliest times. They are -preserved to the present day in our almanacs, and we are taught their -order in the familiar rhymes:-- - - - "The RAM, the BULL, the heavenly TWINS, - And next the CRAB, the LION shines, - The VIRGIN and the SCALES; - The SCORPION, ARCHER, and SEA-GOAT, - The MAN that carries the Water-pot, - And FISH with glittering scales." - - -These signs have always and everywhere been preserved in this order, and -have begun with ARIES. They have been known amongst all nations, and in -all ages, thus proving their common origin from one source. - -The figures themselves are perfectly arbitrary. There is nothing in the -groups of stars to even suggest the figures. This is the first thing which -is noticed by every one who looks at the constellations. Take for example -the sign of VIRGO, and look at the stars. There is nothing whatever to -suggest a human form; still less is there anything to show whether that -form is a man or a woman. And so with all the others. - -The _picture_, therefore, is the original, and must have been drawn around -or connected with certain stars, simply in order that it might be -identified and associated with them; and that it might thus be remembered -and handed down to posterity. - -There can be no doubt, as the learned Authoress of _Mazzaroth_ -conclusively proves, that these signs were afterwards identified with the -twelve sons of Jacob. Joseph sees the sun and moon and eleven stars bowing -down to him, he himself being the twelfth (Gen. xxxvii. 9). The blessing -of Jacob (Gen. xlix.) and the blessing of Moses (Deut. xxxiii.) both bear -witness to the existence of these signs in their day. And it is more than -probable that each of the Twelve Tribes bore one of them on its standard. -We read in Num. ii. 2, "Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by -his own STANDARD, with the ENSIGN of their father's house" (R.V. "with the -ensigns of their fathers' houses"). This "Standard" was the _Degel_ -({~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER GIMEL~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}) on which the "Sign" ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _Oth_) was depicted. Hence it was -called the "_En-sign_." Ancient Jewish authorities declare that each tribe -had one of the signs as its own, and it is highly probable, even from -Scripture, that four of the tribes carried its "Sign"; and that these four -were placed at the four sides of the camp. - -If the Lion were appropriated to Judah, then the other three would be thus -fixed, and would be the same four that equally divide the Zodiac at its -four cardinal points. According to Num. ii. the camp was thus formed:-- - - - In the North, from North-West to North-East: - ASHER (_Sagittarius_). - DAN, The Scorpion (_Scorpio_). - NEPHTALI (_Capricornus_). - In the East, from North-East to South-East: - ISSACHAR (_Cancer_). - JUDAH, The Lion (_Leo_). - ZEBULON (_Virgo_). - In the South, from South-East to South-West: - SIMEON (_Pisces_). - REUBEN, The Man (_Aquarius_). - GAD (_Aries_). - In the West, from South-West to North-West: - EPHRAIM and MANASSEH, The Bull (the two horns of _Taurus_). - BENJAMIN (_Gemini_). - In the Center: - LEVI, The Scales (_Libra_). - - -If the reader compares the above with the blessings of Israel and Moses, -and compares the meanings and descriptions given below with those -blessings, the connection will be clearly seen. Levi, for example, had no -standard, and he needed none, for he kept "the balance of the Sanctuary," -and had the charge of that brazen altar on which the atoning blood -outweighed the nation's sins. - -The four great signs which thus marked the four sides of the camp, and the -four quarters of the Zodiac, are the same four which form the Cherubim -(the Eagle, the Scorpion's enemy, being substituted for the Scorpion). The -Cherubim thus form a compendious expression of the hope of Creation, -which, from the very first, has been bound up with the Coming One, who -alone should cause its groanings to cease. - -But this brings us to the Signs themselves and their interpretation. - -These pictures were designed to preserve, expound, and perpetuate the one -first great promise and prophecy of Gen. iii. 15, that all hope for Man, -all hope for Creation, was bound up in _a coming Redeemer_; One who should -be born of a woman; who should first suffer, and afterwards gloriously -triumph; One who should first be wounded by that great enemy who was the -cause of all sin and sorrow and death, but who should finally crush the -head of "that Old Serpent the Devil." - -These ancient star-pictures reveal this Coming One. They set forth "the -sufferings of Christ and the glory that should follow." Altogether there -are forty-eight of them, made up of twelve SIGNS, each sign containing -three CONSTELLATIONS. - -These may be divided into _three_ great books, each book containing four -chapters (or Signs); and each chapter containing three sections (or -Constellations). - -Each book (like the four Gospels) sets forth its peculiar aspect of the -Coming One; beginning with the promise of His coming, and ending with the -destruction of the enemy. - -But where are we to _begin_ to read this wondrous Heavenly Scroll? A -circle has proverbially neither beginning nor end. In what order then are -we to consider these signs? In the heavens they form a never-ending -circle. Where is the beginning and where is the end of this circle through -which the sun is constantly moving? Where are we to break into this -circle? and say, _This is the commencement_. It is clear that unless we -can determine this original starting point we can never read this wondrous -book aright. - -As I have said, the popular beginning to-day is with ARIES, _the_ Ram. But -comparing this Revelation with that which was afterwards written "in the -Volume of the Book," VIRGO is the only point where we can intelligently -begin, and LEO is the only point where we can logically conclude. Is not -this what is spoken of as the unknown and insoluble mystery--"The riddle of -the SPHINX"? The word "Sphinx" is from {~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}, _to bind closely together_. -It was therefore designed to show where the two ends of the Zodiac were to -be joined together, and where the great circle of the heavens begins and -ends. - - [Ceiling of Portico of Temple of Esneh] - - Signs of Leo and Virgo, from the ceiling of the Portico of the Temple of - Esneh, showing the Sphinx between, uniting the beginning and end of the - Zodiac. - - -The SPHINX is a figure with the _head of a woman_ and the _body of a -lion_! What is this but a never-ceasing monitor, telling us to begin with -_Virgo_ and to end with _Leo_! In the Zodiac in the Temple of Esneh, in -Egypt, a Sphinx is actually placed between the Signs of Virgo and Leo, as -shown in the illustration on the preceding page. It is a tracing from the -drawing of Signor Bossi, executed on the spot, under the direction of the -late Mr. Edward J. Cooper, in 1820. - -Beginning, then, with VIRGO, let us now spread out the contents of this -Heavenly Volume, so that the eye can take them in at a glance. Of course -we are greatly hindered in this, in having to use the modern Latin names -which the Constellations bear to-day.(19) Some of these names are -mistakes, others are gross perversions of the truth, as proved by the -pictures themselves, which are far more ancient, and have come down to us -from primitive times. - -After the Revelation came to be written down in the Scriptures, there was -not the same need for the preservation of the Heavenly Volume. And after -the nations had lost the original meaning of the pictures, they invented a -meaning out of the vain imagination of the thoughts of their hearts. The -Greek Mythology is an interpretation of (only some of) the signs and -constellations after their true meaning had been forgotten. It is -popularly believed that Bible truth is an evolution from, or development -of, the ancient religions of the world. But the fact is that they -themselves are a _corruption_ and _perversion of primitive truth_! - -We will now give _the contents_ of this Heavenly Volume of Divine -Revelation, and afterwards proceed to develope it, explain it in detail, -and compare it with the same truth which was afterwards written down in -the Scriptures. - - - The First Book. - THE REDEEMER. - (HIS FIRST COMING.) - "The Sufferings of Christ." - - CHAPTER I. - THE PROPHECY OF THE PROMISED SEED OF THE WOMAN. - - VIRGO (_The Virgin. A woman bearing a branch in her right hand and - an ear of corn in her left_). The Promised Seed of the woman. - - 1. COMA (_The Desired. The woman and child_). The Desired of all - nations. - - 2. CENTAURUS (_The Centaur with two natures, holding a spear - piercing a victim_). The despised sin offering. - - 3. BOOeTES (_a man walking bearing a branch called_ ARCTURUS, - _meaning the same_). He cometh. - - CHAPTER II. - THE REDEEMER'S ATONING WORK. - - LIBRA (_The Scales_). The price deficient balanced by the price - which covers. - - 1. CRUX, The Cross endured. - - 2. LUPUS, or VICTIMA, _The Victim_ slain. - - 3. CORONA, _The Crown_ bestowed. - - CHAPTER III. - THE REDEEMER'S CONFLICT. - - SCORPIO (_The Scorpion_) seeking to wound, but itself trodden - under foot. - - 1. SERPENS (_The Serpent_ struggling with the man). - - 2. O-PHI-U-CHUS (_The man_ grasping the serpent). The struggle - with the enemy. - - 3. HERCULES (_The mighty man. A man kneeling on one knee, - humbled in the conflict, but holding aloft the tokens of victory, - with his foot on the head of the Dragon_). The mighty Vanquisher - seeming to sink in the conflict. - - CHAPTER IV. - THE REDEEMER'S TRIUMPH. - - SAGITTARIUS (_The Archer_). The Two-natured Conqueror going forth - "Conquering and to conquer." - - 1. LYRA (_The Harp_). Praise prepared for the Conqueror. - - 2. ARA (_The Altar_). Consuming fire prepared for His enemies. - - 3. DRACO (_The Dragon_). The Old Serpent--the Devil, cast down - from heaven. - - The Second Book. - THE REDEEMED. - THE RESULT OF THE REDEEMER'S SUFFERINGS. - - CHAPTER I. - THEIR BLESSINGS PROCURED. - - CAPRICORNUS (_The fish-goat_). The goat of Atonement slain for the - Redeemed. - - 1. SAGITTA (_The Arrow_). The arrow of God sent forth. - - 2. AQUILA (_The Eagle_). The smitten One falling. - - 3. DELPHINUS (_The Dolphin_). The dead One rising again. - - CHAPTER II. - THEIR BLESSINGS ENSURED. - - AQUARIUS (_The Water-Bearer_): The living waters of blessing - poured forth for the Redeemed. - - 1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (_The Southern Fish_). The blessings - bestowed. - - 2. PEGASUS (_The Winged Horse_). The blessings quickly coming. - - 3. CYGNUS (_The Swan_). The Blesser surely returning. - - CHAPTER III. - THEIR BLESSINGS IN ABEYANCE. - - PISCES (_The Fishes_). The Redeemed blessed though bound. - - 1. THE BAND--bound, but binding their great enemy Cetus, the sea - monster. - - 2. ANDROMEDA (_The Chained Woman_). The Redeemed in their - bondage and affliction. - - 3. CEPHEUS (_The King_). Their Redeemer coming to rule. - - CHAPTER IV. - THEIR BLESSINGS CONSUMMATED AND ENJOYED. - - ARIES (_The Ram or Lamb_). The Lamb that was slain, prepared for - the victory. - - 1. CASSIOPEIA (_The Enthroned Woman_). The captive delivered, - and preparing for her husband, the Redeemer. - - 2. CETUS (_The Sea Monster_). The great enemy bound. - - 3. PERSEUS (_The Breaker_). Delivering His redeemed. - - The Third Book. - THE REDEEMER. - (HIS SECOND COMING.) - "The glory that should follow." - - CHAPTER I. - MESSIAH, THE COMING JUDGE OF ALL THE EARTH. - - TAURUS (_The Bull_). Messiah coming to rule. - - 1. ORION, _Light breaking forth_ in the person of the Redeemer. - - 2. ERIDANUS (_The River of the Judge_). Wrath breaking forth for - His enemies. - - 3. AURIGA (_The Shepherd_). Safety for the Redeemed in the day - of that wrath. - - CHAPTER II. - MESSIAH'S REIGN AS PRINCE OF PEACE. - - GEMINI (The Twins). The twofold nature of the King. - - 1. LEPUS (_The Hare_), or THE ENEMY trodden under foot. - - 2. CANIS MAJOR (_The Dog_), or SIRIUS, the coming glorious - Prince of Princes. - - 3. CANIS MINOR (_The Second Dog_), or PROCYON, the exalted - Redeemer. - - CHAPTER III. - MESSIAH'S REDEEMED POSSESSIONS. - - CANCER (The Crab). The possessions held fast. - - 1. URSA MINOR (_The Lesser Bear_). The lesser sheepfold. - - 2. URSA MAJOR (_The Great Bear_). The fold and the flock. - - 3. ARGO (_The Ship_). The redeemed pilgrims safe at home. - - CHAPTER IV. - MESSIAH'S CONSUMMATED TRIUMPH. - - LEO (_The Lion_). The Lion of the Tribe of Judah aroused for the - rending of the Enemy. - - 1. HYDRA (_The Serpent_). That old Serpent--the Devil, destroyed. - - 2. CRATER (_The Cup_). The cup of Divine wrath poured out upon - him. - - 3. CORVUS (_The Crow, or Raven_). Birds of prey devouring him. - - -Such are the contents of this wondrous book that is written in the -heavens. Thus has God been speaking and emphasizing and developing His -first great prophetic promise of Gen. iii. 15. - -Though for more than 2,500 years His people had not this Revelation -written in a book as we now have it in the Bible, they were not left in -ignorance and darkness as to God's purposes and counsels; nor were they -without hope as to ultimate deliverance from all evil and from the Evil -One. - -Adam, who first heard that wondrous promise, repeated it, and gave it to -his posterity as a most precious heritage--the ground of all their faith, -the substance of all their hope, the object of all their desire. Seth and -Enoch took it up. Enoch, we know, prophesied of the Lord's coming, saying, -"Behold the Lord cometh with ten thousands of His saints to execute -judgment upon all" (Jude 14). How could these "holy prophets, since the -world began," have recorded their prophecies better, or more effectually, -or more truthfully and powerfully, than in these star-pictures and their -interpretation? This becomes a certainty when we remember the words of the -Holy Spirit by Zacharias (Luke i. 67-70):-- - - - "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; - For He hath visited and redeemed His people, - And hath raised up a horn of salvation for us - In the house of His servant David; - As He spake by the mouth of HIS HOLY PROPHETS - WHICH HAVE BEEN SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN." - - -The same truth is revealed through Peter, in Acts iii. 20, 21:--"He shall -send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you; whom the heaven -must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath -spoken by the mouth of all HIS HOLY PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN." - -These words have new meaning for us, if we see the things which were -spoken "since the world began," thus written in the heavens, which utter -speech (_i.e._ prophecy), and show forth this knowledge day after day and -night after night, the heritage of all the earth, and their words reaching -unto the ends of the world. - -This Revelation, coinciding as it does in all its facts and truths with -that afterwards recorded "in the Volume of the Book," must have had the -same Divine origin, must have been made known by the inspiration of the -same Holy Spirit. - -We now proceed to compare the two, and we shall see how they agree at -every point, proving that the source and origin of this Divine Revelation -is one and the same. - - - - - -THE FIRST BOOK. THE REDEEMER. - - - (_His First Coming_.) - - "The Sufferings of Christ." - -The First Book is occupied with the PERSON of the Coming One. It covers -the whole ground, and includes the conflict and the victory of the -Promised Seed, but with special emphasis on His Coming. The book opens -with the promise of His coming, and it closes with the Dragon cast down -from heaven. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign VIRGO. - - - _The Promised Seed of the Woman_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 1: Virgo (the Virgin) - - -Here is the commencement of all prophecy in Gen. iii. 15, spoken to the -serpent:--"I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy -seed and her seed: it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise His -heel." This is the prophetic announcement which the Revelation in the -heavens and in the Book is designed to unfold and develope. It lies at the -root of all the ancient traditions and mythologies, which are simply the -perversion and corruption of primitive truth. - -VIRGO is represented as a woman with a _branch_ in her right hand, and -some ears of corn in her left hand. Thus giving a two-fold testimony of -the Coming One. - -The name of this sign in the Hebrew is _Bethulah_, which means _a virgin_, -and in the Arabic _a branch_. The two words are connected, as in -Latin--_Virgo_, which means _a virgin_; and _virga_, which means _a branch_ -(Vulg. Isa. xi. 1). Another name is _Sunbul_, Arabic, _an ear of corn_. - -In Gen. iii. 15 she is presented only as a woman; but in later prophecies -her nationality is defined as being of the stock of Israel, the seed of -Abraham, the line of David; and, further, she is to be a virgin. There are -two prominent prophecies of her and her seed: one is connected with the -first coming in incarnation, Isa. vii. 14 (quoted in Matt. i. 23.) - - - "Behold, a virgin shall conceive and bear a son, - And shall call his name Immanuel." - - -The other is connected with His second coming, leaping over the sufferings -and this present interval of His rejection, and looking forward to His -coming in glory and judgment, Isa. ix. 6, 7 (quoted in Luke ii. 11 and i. -32, 33)-- - - - "For unto us a child is born, - Unto us a son is given;(20) - And the government shall be upon His shoulder; - And His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, - The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. - Of the increase of His government there shall be no end. - Upon the throne of David, and upon His kingdom, - To order it, and to establish it - With judgment and with justice - From henceforth even for ever. - The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this." - - -It is difficult to separate the Virgin and her Seed in the prophecy, and -so, here, we have first the sign VIRGO, where the name points to her as -the prominent subject; while in the first of the three constellations of -this sign, where the woman appears again, the name COMA points to the -child as the great subject. - -_Virgo_ contains 110 stars, _viz._, one of the 1st magnitude, six of the -3rd, ten of the 4th, etc. - -ARATUS thus sings of them:-- - - - "Beneath Booetes feet the Virgin seek, - Who carries in her hand a glittering spike.... - Over her shoulder there revolves a star - In the right wing, superlatively bright;(21) - It rolls beneath the tail, and may compare - With the bright stars that deck the Greater Bear. - Upon her shoulder one bright star is borne,(22) - One clasps the circling girdle of her loins,(23) - One at her bending knee;(24) and in her hand - Glitters that bright and golden Ear of Corn.(25) - - -Thus the brightest star in Virgo ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~})(26) has an ancient name, handed down -to us in all the star-maps, in which the Hebrew word ({~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER HET~}) _Tsemech_ is -preserved. It is called in Arabic _Al Zimach_, which means _the branch_. -This star is in the ear of corn which she holds in her left hand. Hence -the star has a modern Latin name, which has almost superseded the ancient -one, _Spica_, which means, _an ear of corn_. But this hides the great -truth revealed by its name _Al Zimach_. It foretold the coming of Him who -should bear this name. The same Divine inspiration has, in the written -Word, four times connected it with Him. There are twenty Hebrew words -translated "Branch," but only one of them (_Tsemech_) is used exclusively -of the Messiah, and this word only four times.(27)Each of these further -connects Him with one special account of Him, given in the Gospels. - -(1.) Jer. xxiii. 5, 6-- - - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will raise unto David a righteous BRANCH - (_i.e._, a Son), - And a KING shall reign and prosper." - - -The account of His coming as King is written in the Gospel according to -Matthew, where Jehovah says to Israel, "Behold thy KING." (Zech. ix. 9; -Matt. xxi. 9.) - -(2.) Zech. iii. 8.--"Behold I will bring forth my SERVANT the BRANCH." In -the Gospel according to Mark we find the record of Jehovah's servant and -His service, and we hear Jehovah's voice saying, "Behold my SERVANT." -(Isa. xlii. 1.) - -(3.) Zech. vi. 12.--"Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the -MAN whose name is the BRANCH." In the Gospel according to Luke we behold -Him, presented in "the MAN Christ Jesus." - -(4.) Isa. iv. 2.--"In that day shall the BRANCH of JEHOVAH be beautiful and -glorious." So that this Branch, this Son, is Jehovah Himself; and as we -read the record of John we hear the voice from heaven saying, "Behold your -GOD." (Isa. xl. 9.) - -This is the Branch foretold by the star _Al Zimach_ in the ear of corn. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is called _Zavijaveh_, which means _the gloriously beautiful_, -as in Isa. iv. 2. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, in the arm bearing the branch, is called _Al -Mureddin_, which means _who shall come down_ (as in Ps. lxxii. 8), or _who -shall have dominion_. It is also known as _Vindemiatrix_, a Chaldee word -which means _the son_, or _branch_, _who cometh_. - -Other names of stars in the sign, not identified, are-- - -_Subilah, who carries_. (Isa. xlvi. 4.) - -_Al Azal, the Branch_. (As in Isa. xviii. 5.) - -_Subilon, a spike of corn_. (As in Isa. xvii. 5.) - -The Greeks, ignorant of the Divine origin and teaching of the sign, -represented Virgo as _Ceres_, with ears of corn in her hand. - -In the Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt, about 2000 B.C. (now in -Paris), she is likewise represented with a branch in her hand, but -ignorantly explained by a false religion to represent _Isis_! Her name is -called _Aspolia_, which means _ears of corn_, or _the seed_, which shows -that though the woman is seen, it is her Seed who is the great subject of -the prophecy. - -Passing to the three constellations anciently assigned to the sign Virgo, -we come to what may be compared to _three sections_ of the chapter, each -giving some further detail as to the interpretation of its teaching. - - - -1. COMA (The Woman and Child). - - - _The Desired of all Nations._ - -The first constellation in Virgo explains that this coming "Branch" will -be a child, and that He should be the "Desire of all nations." - -The ancient name of this constellation is _Comah_,(28) _the desired_, or -_the longed for_. We have the word used by the Holy Spirit in this very -connection, in Hag. ii. 7: "The DESIRE of all nations shall come." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 2: Coma (the Desired) - - -The ancient Zodiacs pictured this constellation as a woman with a child in -her arms. ALBUMAZAR(29) (or ABU MASHER), an Arabian astronomer of the -eighth century, says, "There arises in the first Decan,(30) as the -Persians, Chaldeans, and Egyptians, and the two HERMES and ASCALIUS teach, -_a young woman_, whose Persian name denotes a pure virgin, sitting on a -throne, _nourishing an infant boy_ (the boy, I say), having a Hebrew name, -by some nations called IHESU, with the signification IEZA, which in Greek -is called CHRISTOS." - -But this picture is not found in any of the _modern_ maps of the stars. -There we find to-day a woman's wig! It appears that BERENICE, the wife of -EUERGETES (PTOLEMY III.), king of Egypt in the third century B.C., when -her husband once went on a dangerous expedition, vowed to consecrate her -fine head of hair to Venus if he returned in safety. Her hair, which was -hung up in the Temple of Venus, was subsequently stolen, and to comfort -BERENICE, CONON, an astronomer of Alexandria (B.C. 283-222), gave it out -that Jupiter had taken it and made it a constellation! - -This is a good example of how the meaning of other constellations have -been perverted (ignorantly or intentionally). In this case, as in others, -the transition from ancient to more modern languages helped to hide the -meaning. The Hebrew name was COMA (_desired_). But the Greeks had a word -for hair, _Co-me_. This again is transferred to the Latin _coma_, and thus -"_Coma Berenicae_" (_the hair of Berenice_) comes down to us to-day as the -name of this constellation, and gives us a woman's wig instead of that -Blessed One, "the Desire of all Nations." - -In this case, however, we are able to give absolute proof that this is a -perversion. - -The ancient Egyptian name for this constellation was _Shes-nu, the desired -son_! - -The Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt, going back at least 2,000 -years B.C., has no trace of any hair, but it has the figure of a woman and -child. In our illustration we have given a copy of this very ancient -picture, and not the wig of hair! - -We have been permitted to trace it from a work on _Egyptian Scenery_ by -the late eminent astronomer, Edward J. Cooper, of Markree Castle, co. -Sligo, who visited that Temple in the year 1820 with an Italian artist, -Signor Bossi. The original drawing from which our tracing is made (and -enlarged) was drawn by Signor Bossi on the spot, before it was taken to -Paris in 1821.(31) We thus have before us the exact representations of one -of these star-pictures at least 4,000 years old. - -Even Shakespeare understood the truth about this constellation picture, -which has been so long covered by modern inventions. In his _Titus -Andronicus_(32) he speaks of an arrow being shot up to heaven to the -"_Good boy in Virgo's lap._" - -The constellation itself is very remarkable. Others contain one or two -stars of the first or second magnitude, and then a greater or less variety -of lesser stars; but this is peculiar from having no one very bright star, -but contains so many stars of the 4th and 5th magnitudes. It contains 43 -stars altogether, ten being of the 4th magnitude, and the remainder of the -5th, 6th, etc. - -It was in all probability the constellation of _Coma_ in which "the Star -of Bethlehem" appeared. There was a traditional prophecy, well-known in -the East, carefully preserved and handed down, that a new star would -appear in this sign when He whom it foretold should be born. - -This was, doubtless, referred to in the prophecy of Balaam, which would -thus receive a double fulfilment, first of the literal "Star," and also of -the person to whom it referred. The Lord said by Balaam (Num. xxiv. 17), - - - "There shall come(33) a star out of Jacob, - And a sceptre shall rise out of Israel." - - -Thomas Hyde, an eminent Orientalist (1636-1703), writing on the ancient -religion of the Persians, quotes from ABULFARAGIUS (an Arab Christian -Historian, 1226-1286), who says that ZOROASTER, or ZERDUSHT, the Persian, -was a pupil of Daniel the Prophet, and that he predicted to the Magians -(who were the astronomers of Persia), that when they should see _a new -star_ appear it would notify the birth of a mysterious child, whom they -were to adore. It is further stated in the _Zend Avesta_ that this new -star was to appear in the sign of the Virgin. Some have supposed that this -passage is not genuine. But whether it was interpolated before or after -the event, it is equally good evidence for our purpose here. For if it was -written _before_ the event, it is evidence of the _prophetic -announcement_; and if it was interpolated _after_ the event it is evidence -of the _historic fact_. - -The Book of Job shows us how Astronomy flourished in Idumea; and the -Gospel according to Matthew shows that the Persian Magi, as well as -others, were looking for "the Desire of all nations." - -New stars have appeared again and again. It was in 125 B.C. that a star, -so bright as to be seen in the day-time, suddenly appeared. It was this -that caused HIPPARCHUS to draw up his catalogue of stars, which has been -handed down to us by PTOLEMY (150 A.D.). - -This new star would show the _latitude_, passing at that time immediately -overhead at midnight, every twenty-four hours; while the prophecy would -give the _longitude_ as the land of Jacob. Having these two factors, it -would be only a matter of observation, and easy for the Magi to find the -place where it would be vertical, and thus to locate the very spot of the -birth of Him of whom it was the sign, for they emphatically called it "His -Star." There is a beautiful tradition which relates how, in their -difficulty, on their way from Jerusalem to find the actual spot under the -_Zenith_ of this star, these Magi sat down beside David's "Well of -Bethlehem" to refresh themselves. There they saw the star reflected in the -clear water of the well. Hence it is written that "when they saw the star -they rejoiced with exceeding joy," for they knew they were at the very -spot and place of His appearing whence He was to "come forth." - -There can be little doubt that it was _a new star_. In the first place a -new star is no unusual phenomenon. In the second place the tradition is -well supported by ancient Christian writers. One speaks of its "surpassing -brightness." Another (IGNATIUS, Bp. of Antioch, A.D. 69) says, "At the -appearance of the Lord a star shone forth brighter than all the other -stars." IGNATIUS, doubtless, had this from those who had actually seen it! -PRUDENTIUS (4th cent. A.D.) says that not even the morning star was so -fair. Archbishop Trench, who quotes these authorities, says "This star, I -conceive, as so many ancients and moderns have done, to have been a new -star in the heavens." - -One step more places this new star in the constellation of COMA, and with -new force makes it indeed "His star"--the "Sign" of His "coming forth from -Bethlehem." Will it be "the sign of the Son of Man in heaven" (Matt. xxiv. -30) when He shall "come unto" this world again to complete the wondrous -prophecies written of Him in the heavenly and earthly Revelations?(34) - -Thus does the constellation of COMA reveal that the coming "Seed of the -woman" was to be a child born, a son given. - -But He was to be more: He was to be God and man--two natures in one person! -This is the lesson of the next picture. - - - -2. CENTAURUS (The Centaur). - - - _The Despised Sin-offering_. - -It is the figure of a being with two natures. Jamieson, in his _Celestial -Atlas_, 1822, says, "On the authority of the most accomplished Orientalist -of our own times, the Arabic and Chaldaic name of this constellation is -{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}." Now this Hebrew word _Bezeh_ (and the Arabic _Al Beze_) means _the -despised_. It is the very word used of this Divine sufferer in Isa. liii. -3, "He is DESPISED ({~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}) and rejected of men." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 3: Centaurus (the Centaur) - - -The constellation contains thirty-five stars. Two of the 1st magnitude, -one of the 2nd, six of the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc., which, together -with the four bright stars in the Cross make a brilliant show in southern -latitudes. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the horse's fore-foot), has come down to us with -the ancient name of _Toliman_, which means _the heretofore and hereafter_, -marking Him as the one "which is, and which was, and which is to come--the -Almighty" (Rev. i. 8). Sir John Herschell observed this star to be growing -rapidly brighter. It may be, therefore, one of the changeable stars, and -its name may be taken as an indication of the fact that it was known to -the ancients. - -Another name for the constellation was in Hebrew, _Asmeath_, which means a -_sin-offering_ (as in Isa. liii. 10). - -The Greek name was _Cheiron_, which means _the pierced_, or _who pierces_. -In the Greek fables _Cheiron_ was renowned for his skill in hunting, -medicine, music, athletics, and prophecy. All the most distinguished -heroes of Greece are described as his pupils. He was supposed to be -immortal, but he voluntarily agreed to die; and, wounded by a poisoned -arrow (not intended for him) while in conflict with a wild boar, he -transferred his immortality to Prometheus; whereupon he was placed amongst -the stars. - -We can easily see how this fable is the ignorant perversion of the -primitive Revelation. The true tradition can be seen dimly through it, and -we can discern Him of whom it spoke,--the all-wise, all-powerful Teacher -and Prophet, who "went about doing good," yet "despised and rejected of -men," laying down His life that others might live. - -It is one of the lowest of the constellations, _i.e._ the farthest south -from the northern centre. It is situated immediately over the Cross, which -bespeaks His own death; He is seen in the act of destroying the enemy. - -Thus these star-pictures tell us that it would be as a _child_ that the -_Promised Seed_ should come forth and grow and wax strong in spirit and be -filled with wisdom (Luke ii. 40); and that as a man having two natures He -should suffer and die. Then the third and last section in this first -chapter of this First Book goes on to tell of His second coming in glory. - - - -3. BOOeTES (The Coming One). - - - _He cometh_. - -This constellation still further develops this wondrous personage. - -He is pictured as a man walking rapidly, with a spear in his right hand -and a sickle in his left hand. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 4: Booetes (the Coming One) - - -The Greeks called him _Bo-oe-tes_, which is from the Hebrew root _Bo_ -({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _to come_), meaning _the coming_. It is referred to in Ps. xcvi. -13:-- - - - "For He cometh, - For He cometh to judge the earth; - He shall judge the world in righteousness, - And the people with His truth." - - -It it probable that his ancient name was _Arcturus_(35) (as referred to in -Job ix. 9), for this is the name of the brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left -knee). _Arcturus_ means _He cometh_.(36) - -The ancient Egyptians called him _Smat_, which means _one who rules_, -_subdues_, and _governs_. They also called him _Bau_ (a reminiscence of -the more ancient _Bo_), which means also _the coming one_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~} (in the spear-head) is named _Al Katurops_, which means _the -branch_, _treading under foot_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (just below the waist on his right side) is called _Mirac_, or -_Mizar_, or _Izar_. _Mirac_ means _the coming forth as an arrow_; _Mizar_, -or _Izar_, means _the preserver_, _guarding_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} is called _Muphride_, _i.e._ _who separates_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head) is named _Nekkar_, _i.e._ _the pierced_ (Zech. -xii. 10), which tells us that this coming judge is the One who was -pierced. Another Hebrew name is _Merga_, _who bruises_.(37) - -This brings us back again to Gen. iii. 15, and closes up this first -chapter of the First Book (VIRGO). It shows us the _Person_ of the -Promised Seed from the beginning to the end, from the first promise of the -birth of the Child in Bethlehem, to the final coming of the great Judge -and Harvester to reap the harvest of the earth. This was the vision which -was afterwards shown to John (Rev. xiv. 15, 16), when he says, "I looked; -and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud one sat like unto the Son of -Man, having on His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp sickle. -And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to Him -that sat on the cloud, Thrust in thy sickle and reap; for the time is come -for Thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe. And He that sat on -the cloud thrust in His sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped." - -This is the conclusion of the _first chapter_ of this First Book. Here we -see the woman whose Seed is to bruise the serpent's head, the Virgin-Born, -the Branch of Jehovah, perfect man and perfect God, Immanuel, "God with -us," yet despised and rejected of men, and yielding up His life that -others may have life for evermore. But we see Him coming afterwards in -triumphant power to judge the earth. - -This is only one chapter of this First Book, but it contains the _outline_ -of the whole volume, complete in itself, so far as it regards the Person -of the Coming One. Like the Book of Genesis, it is the seed-plot which -contains the whole, all the rest being merely the development of the many -grand details which are included and shut up within it. It is only one -chapter out of twelve, but it distinctly foreshadows the end--even "the -sufferings of Christ and the glory which should follow." - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign LIBRA. - - -_The Redeemer's Atoning Work; or The Price deficient balanced by the Price - which covers_. - -In the first chapter of this book we saw that this Coming Seed of the -woman was, among other things, to give up His life for others. - -The _second_ chapter is going to define and develope the manner and object -of this death. - -The name of the Sign, together with its three constellations and the names -of the stars composing them, give the complete picture of this Redemption. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 5: Libra (the Scales) - - -The Sign contains 51 stars, two of which are of the 2nd magnitude, one of -the 3rd, eight of the 4th, etc. - -The Hebrew name is _Mozanaim_, _the Scales_, _weighing_. Its name in -Arabic is _Al Zubena_, _purchase_, or _redemption_. In Coptic, it is -_Lambadia_, _station of propitiation_ (from _Lam_, _graciousness_, and -_badia_, _branch_). The name by which it has come down to us is the Latin, -_Libra_, which means _weighing_, as used in the Vulgate (Isa. xl. 12). - -Libra contains three bright stars whose names supply us with the whole -matter. The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the lower scale), is named _Zuben al Genubi_, -which means _the purchase_, or _price which is deficient_. This points to -the fact that man has been utterly ruined. He is "weighed in the balances -and found wanting." - - - "None of them can by any means redeem his brother, - Nor give to God a ransom for him; - For the redemption of their soul is costly, - And must be let alone for ever." - - (Ps. xlix. 7, R.V.) - - "Surely men of low degree are vanity (Heb. _a breath_), - And men of high degree are a lie; - In the balances they go up; - They are altogether lighter than vanity" (Heb. _a breath_). - - (Ps. lxii. 9, R.V.) - - -This is the verdict pronounced and recorded by this star _Zuben al -Genubi_. - -Is there then no hope? Is there no one who can pay the price? - -Yes; there is "the Seed of the woman." He is not merely coming as a child, -but He is coming as an atoning sacrifice. - -He is coming for the purpose of Redemption! He can pay _the price which -covers_! Hence in the upper scale we have another bright star with this -very name _Zuben al Chemali_--THE PRICE WHICH COVERS! Praised be God! "They -sang a new song, saying, Thou art worthy ... for Thou wast slain, and hast -redeemed us to God by thy blood." (Rev. v. 9.) This is the testimony of {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, -the second brightest star! It has another name, _al Gubi_, _heaped up_, or -_high_, telling of the infinite value of this redemption price. But there -is a third star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, below, towards _Centaurus_ and the _Victim_ slain, -telling, by that and by its name, of the _conflict_ by which that -redemption would be accomplished. It is called _Zuben Akrabi_ or _Zuben al -Akrab_, which means _the price of the conflict_! - -There is, however, some reason to suppose that Libra is a very ancient -Egyptian corruption, bringing in human merit instead of Divine -righteousness; "the way of Cain" instead of the way of God. In the more -ancient Akkadian the months were called after the names of the signs,(38) -and the sign of the seventh month is the sign that we now call Libra. The -Akkadian name for it was _Tulku_. _Tul_ means _mound_ (like _dhul_ and -_dul_), and _ku_ means _sacred;_ hence, _Tulku_ means _the sacred mound_, -or _the holy altar_.(39) - -Not only is the name and its meaning different, but the teaching is -infinitely greater and more important, if we may believe that the original -picture of this sign was not a pair of scales, but the representation of -_a holy altar_. This would agree still better with the three -constellations which follow. - -The names of the stars would also be more appropriate, for it is the -Sacrifice of Christ which they foreshadowed, and here it was that the -price which covered was paid, and outweighed the price which was -deficient. What that price was to be, and how it was to be paid, and what -was to be the result in the Person of the Redeemer, is set forth in detail -in the three sections of this chapter by the constellations of _The Cross_ -endured, _The Victim_ slain, and _The Crown_ bestowed. - - - -1. CRUX (The Cross). - - - _The Cross Endured_. - -The Hebrew name was _Adom_, which means _cutting off_, as in Dan. ix. -26:--"After threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off." The last -letter of the Hebrew alphabet was called _Tau_, which was anciently made -in the form of a cross. The ancient _Phoenician_ was [Symbol: right-tilted -cross]; the ancient _Hebrew_, as found on coins, was [Symbol: right-tilted -cross] and [Symbol: vertical cross]; the _Aramaic_, as found on Egyptian -monuments, was a transition [Symbol: tilted cross] or [Symbol: stretched -cross], which passed into the present square Hebrew character {~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}. This -letter is called _Tau_, and means _a mark_; especially _a boundary-mark, a -limit or finish_. And it is the last letter, which finishes the Hebrew -alphabet to this day. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 6: Crux (the Cross) - - -The Southern Cross was just visible in the latitude of Jerusalem at the -time of the first coming of our Lord to die. Since then, through the -gradual recession of the Polar Star, it has not been seen in northern -latitudes. It gradually disappeared and became invisible at Jerusalem when -the Real Sacrifice was offered there; and tradition, which preserved its -memory, assured travellers that if they could go far enough south it would -be again seen. Dante sang of "the four stars never beheld but by the early -race of men." It was not until the sixteenth century had dawned that -missionaries and voyagers, doubling the Cape for the first time, and -visiting the tropics and southern seas, brought back the news of "a -wonderful cross more glorious than all the constellations of the heavens." - -It is a small asterism, containing only about five stars, _viz._, one of -the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, one of the 3rd, and one of the 4th. -Four of these are in the form of a cross. - -Long before the Christian Era this sign of the Cross had lost its true -meaning, and had been perverted in Babylon and Egypt as it has since been -desecrated by Rome. The Persians and Egyptians worshipped it. The cakes -made and eaten in honour of the Queen of Heaven were marked with it. This -heathen custom Rome has adopted and adapted in her Good Friday cakes, -which are thus stamped. But all are alike ignorant of what it means, -_viz._, "IT IS FINISHED." - -In Egypt, and in the earliest times, it was the sign and symbol of _life_. -To-day, Romanists use it as the symbol of _death_! But it means _life_! -Natural life given up, and eternal life procured. Atonement, finished, -perfect, and complete; never to be repeated, or added to. All who partake -of its benefits in Christ now, in grace, by faith "ARE made nigh by the -blood of Christ" (Eph. ii. 13), and of them Jesus says, "He that heareth -my voice, and believeth on Him that sent me HATH everlasting life, and -shall not come into judgment; but IS PASSED from death unto life" (John v. -24). So perfect and complete is the work which Jesus finished on the Cross -that we cannot seek to add even our repentance, faith, tears, or prayers, -without practically asserting that the work of Christ is not finished, and -is not sufficient! - -The Hebrew names of this constellation--_Adom_ and _Tau_--rebuke our -Pharisaic spirit, which is the relic and essence of all false religions, -and points to the blessed fact that the Sacrifice was offered "once for -all," and the atoning work of Redemption completely finished on Calvary. - - - "'Tis finished! the Messiah dies! - Cut off for sins, but not His own; - Accomplished is the sacrifice, - The great redeeming work is done." - - -In the ancient Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah this first Decan of LIBRA is -represented as a lion with his tongue hanging out of his mouth, as if in -thirst, and a female figure holding a cup out to him. Under his fore feet -is the hieroglyphic symbol of running water. What is all this but "the -Lion of the tribe of Judah" brought down "into the dust of death," and -saying "I am poured out like water ... my strength is dried up" (Ps. xxii. -13-18): "I thirst" (John xix. 28): "and in my thirst they gave me vinegar -to drink" (Ps. lxix. 21)? - -The Egyptian name of this Lion, however, points to his ultimate triumph, -for it is called _Sera_, that is, _victory_! - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. LUPUS or VICTIMA (The Victim). - - - _The Victim Slain._ - -Its modern name is _Lupus_ (a wolf), because it looks like one. It may be -any animal. The great point of this ancient constellation is that the -animal has been _slain_, and is in the act of falling down dead. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 7: Lupus or Victima the VICTIM Slain - - -Its Greek name is _Thera_, _a beast_, and _Lycos_, _a wolf_. Its Latin -name is _Victima_, or _Bestia_ (Vulg. Gen. viii. 17), which sufficiently -indicates the great lesson. This is confirmed by its ancient Hebrew name, -_Asedah_, and Arabic _Asedaton_, which both mean _to be slain_. - -More than 22 of its stars have been catalogued. None of them are higher -than the 4th magnitude; most of them are of the 5th or 6th. - -True, He was "by wicked hands crucified and slain," but He is slain here -by the Centaur, _i.e._ by Himself! To make it perfectly clear that it was -His own act (without which His death would lose all merit), He uttered -those solemn words: "I lay down my life for the sheep.... No man taketh it -from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I -have power to take it again" (John x. 15-18). He "offered Himself without -spot to God." "He put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself" (Heb. ix. 11, -26). - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah He is pictured as a little child with -its finger on its lips, and He is called _Sura_, _a lamb_! In other -pictures He has, besides, the horn of a goat on one side of His head. All -this pointed to one and the same great fact, _viz._, the development and -explanation of what was meant by _the bruising of His heel_! It meant that -this Promised Seed of the woman should come as a child, that He should -suffer, and die upon the Cross, for - - - "He was brought as a lamb to the slaughter; - And as a sheep before her shearers is dumb; - SO HE opened not his mouth." - - (Isa. liii. 7.) - - -Hence, the constellation prefigures a silent, willing sacrifice--Christ -Jesus, who, "being found in fashion as a man, humbled Himself, and became -obedient unto death, even the death of the Cross" (Phil. ii. 5-8). - - - -3. CORONA (The Crown). - - - _The Crown Bestowed._ - -"Wherefore God also hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a name which is -above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow." - -This is what is foreshown by this concluding section of the second -chapter. Each chapter ends with glory. As in the written Word of God, we -frequently have the glory of the Second Coming mentioned without any -allusions to the sufferings of the First Coming, but we never have the -First Coming in humiliation mentioned without an immediate reference to -the glory of the Second Coming. - -So here, the CROSS is closely followed by the CROWN! True, "we see not yet -all things put under Him, but we see Jesus ... for the suffering of death -crowned with glory and honour" (Heb. ii. 9). - -Yes, "the crowning day is coming," and all heaven shall soon resound with -the triumphant song, "Thou art worthy, ... for Thou wast slain and hast -redeemed us to God by Thy blood" (Rev. v. 9). - -The shameful Cross will be followed by a glorious crown, and "every tongue -shall confess that Jesus. Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." - - - "Mighty Victor, reign for ever, - Wear the crown so dearly won; - Never shall Thy people, never - Cease to sing what Thou hast done. - Thou hast fought Thy people's foes; - Thou wilt heal Thy people's woes!" - - -The Hebrew name for the constellation is _Atarah_, _a royal crown_, and -its stars are known to-day in the East by the plural, _Ataroth!_ - -Its Arabic name is _Al Iclil_, _an ornament_, or _jewel_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 8: CORONA (the Crown) - - -It has 21 stars: one of the 2nd magnitude and six of the 4th. It is easily -known by the stars {~GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, which form a crescent. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, has the Arabic name of _Al Phecca_, _the shining_. - -Thus ends this solemn chapter of LIBRA, which describes the great work of -Redemption, beginning with the Cross and ending with the Crown. The -Redeemer's work of Atonement is most blessedly set forth, and He alone is -seen as the substitute for lost sinners. - - - "What wondrous love, what mysteries - In this appointment shine! - My breaches of the law are His, - And His obedience mine." - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign SCORPIO. - - - _The Redeemer's Conflict_. - -We come now right into the heart of the conflict. The star-picture brings -before us a gigantic scorpion endeavouring to sting in the heel a mighty -man who is struggling with a serpent, but is crushed by the man, who has -his foot placed right on the scorpion's heart. - -The Hebrew name is _Akrab_, which is the name of a scorpion, but also -means _the conflict_, or _war_. It is this that is referred to in Ps. xci. -13: - - - "Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder. - The young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet." - - -David uses the very word in Ps. cxliv. 1, where he blesses God for -teaching his hands _to war_. - -The Coptic name is _Isidis_, which means _the attack of the enemy_, or -_oppression_; referring to "the wicked that oppress me, my deadly enemies -who compass me about" (Ps. xvii. 9). - -The Arabic name is _Al Akrab_, which means _wounding him that cometh_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 9: SCORPIO (the Scorpion) - - -There are 44 stars altogether in this sign. One is of the 1st magnitude, -one of the 2nd, eleven of the 3rd, eight of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the heart), bears the ancient Arabic name of -_Antares_, which means _the wounding_. It is called by the Latins _Cor -Scorpii_, because it marks the scorpion's heart. It shines ominously with -a deep red light. The sting is called in Hebrew _Lesath_ (Chaldee, -_Lesha_), which means _the perverse_. The stars in the tail are also known -as _Leshaa_, or _Leshat_.(40) - -The scorpion is a deadly enemy (as we learn from Rev. ix), with poison in -its sting, and all the names associated with the sign combine to set forth -the malignant enmity which is "set" between the serpent and the woman's -Seed. - -That enmity is shown more fully in the written Word, where we see the -attempt of the enemy (in Exod. i.) to destroy every male of the seed of -Abraham, and how it was defeated. - -We see his effort repeated when he used Athaliah to destroy "all the seed -royal" (2 Kings xi.), and how "the king's son" was rescued "from among" -the slain. - -We see his hand again instigating Haman, "the Jews' enemy," to compass the -destruction of the whole nation, but defeated in his designs. - -When the woman's Seed, the virgin's Son, was born, we are shown the same -great enemy inciting Herod to slay all the babes in Bethlehem (Matt. ii.), -but again he is defeated. - -In the wilderness of Judaea, and in the Garden of Gethsemane the great -conflict is renewed. "This is your hour and the power of darkness,"(41) He -said to His enemies. - -The real wounding in the heel was received at the Cross. It was there the -scorpion struck the woman's seed. He died, but was raised again from the -dead "to destroy the works of the devil." - -To show us this; to prevent any mistake; to set forth the fact that this -conflict only _apparently_ ended in defeat, and that it did not really so -end, we have the first two constellations belonging to this sign presented -_in one picture_! Indeed, the picture is threefold, for it includes the -sign itself (as shown on the cover)! - -If these pictures had been separated, then the conflict would have been -separated from the victory; the deadly wound of the serpent's head from -the temporary wound in the Victor's heel. Hence, _three_ pictures are -required, in which the _scorpion_, the _serpent_, and the _man_, are all -involved, in order to present at the same time the triumphant issue of the -conflict. - -Hence, we must present, and consider together, the first two sections of -this mysterious chapter. - - - -1 and 2. SERPENS and OPHIUCHUS. - - - _The Struggle with the Enemy._ - -Here, _Serpens_, the serpent, is seen struggling vainly in the powerful -grasp of the man who is named _O-phi-u-chus_. In Latin he is called -Serpentarius. He is at one and the same moment shown to be seizing the -serpent with his two hands, and treading on the very heart of the -scorpion, marked by the deep red star _Antares_ (wounding). - -Just as we read the first constellation of the woman and child _Coma_, as -expounding the first sign VIRGO, so we have to read this first -constellation as expounding the second sign LIBRA. Hence, we have here a -further picture, showing the object of this conflict on the part of the -scorpion. - -In Scorpio we see merely the effort to wound _Ophiuchus_ in the heel; but -here we see the effort of the serpent to seize THE CROWN, which is -situated immediately over the serpent's head, and to which he is looking -up and reaching forth. - -The contest is for Dominion! It was the Devil, in the form of a serpent, -that robbed the first man of his crown; but in vain he struggled to wrest -it from the sure possession of the Second Man. Not only does he fail in -the attempt, but is himself utterly defeated and trodden under foot. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 10: SERPENS (the Serpent) and OPHIUCHUS (the Serpent Holder) - - -There are no less than 134 stars in these two constellations. Two are of -the 2nd magnitude, fourteen of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star in the Serpent, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the neck), is named _Unuk_, which -means _encompassing_. Another Hebrew name is _Alyah_, _the accursed_. From -this is _Al Hay_ (Arabic), _the reptile_. The next brightest star is {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in -the jaw), named, in Arabic, _Cheleb_, or _Chelbalrai, the serpent -enfolding_. The Greek name, _Ophiuchus_, is itself from the Hebrew and -Arabic name _Afeichus_, which means _the serpent held_. The brightest star -in _Ophiuchus_, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head), is called _Ras al Hagus_ (Arabic), _the -head of him who holds_. - -Other Hebrew names of stars, not identified, are _Triophas_, _treading -under foot_; _Saiph_ (in the foot(42) of Ophiuchus), _bruised_; -_Carnebus_, _the wounding_; _Megeros_, _contending_.(43) In the Zodiac of -Denderah we have a throned human figure, called _Api-bau_, _the chief who -cometh_. He has a hawk's head to show that he is the enemy of the serpent, -which is called _Khu_, and means _ruled_ or _enemy_. - -All these combine to set before us in detail the nature of the conflict -and its final issue. That final issue is, however, exhibited by the last -of the three constellations of this chapter. The Victor Himself requires a -whole picture to fully set forth the glorious victory. This brings us to-- - - - -3. HERCULES (The Mighty Man). - - - _The Mighty Vanquisher._ - -Here the mighty one, who occupies a large portion of the heavens, is seen -bending on one knee, with his right heel lifted up as if it had been -wounded, while his left foot is set directly over the head of the great -dragon. In his right hand he wields a great club, and in his left hand he -grasps a triple-headed monster (_Cerberus_). And he has the skin of a -lion, which he has slain, thrown around him.(44) - -In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a human figure, likewise with a club. -His name is _Bau_, which means _who cometh_, and is evidently intended for -Him who cometh to crush the serpent's head, and "destroy the works of the -devil." - -In Arabic he is called _Al Giscale, the strong one_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 11: HERCULES (the Mighty One) - - -There are 113 stars in this constellation. Seven are of the 3rd magnitude, -seventeen of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in his head), is named _Ras al Gethi_, and means -_the head of him who bruises_. - -The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the right arm-pit), is named _Kornephorus_, and means _the -branch, kneeling_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (in the right elbow) is called _Marsic_, _the wounding_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~} (in the upper part of the left arm) is named _Ma'asyn_, _the -sin-offering_. - -While {~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~} (in the lower part of the right arm) is _Caiam_, or _Guiam_, -_punishing_; and in Arabic, _treading under foot_. - -Thus does everything in the picture combine to set forth the mighty works -of this stronger than the strong man armed! - -We can easily see how the perversion of the truth by the Greeks came -about, and how, when the true foreshadowings of this Mighty One had been -lost, the many fables were invented to supply their place. The wiser sort -of Greeks knew this perfectly well. ARISTOTLE (in his _Metaphysics_, x. 8) -admits, with regard to Greek mythology, that religion and philosophy had -been lost, and that much had been "added after the mythical style," while -much had come down, and "may have been preserved to our times as the -remains of ancient wisdom." Religion, such as it was (POLYBIUS confesses), -was recognised as a "necessary means to political ends." NEANDER says that -it was "the fragments of a tradition, which transmitted the knowledge of -divine things possessed in the earliest times." - -ARATUS shews the same uncertainty as to the meaning of this Constellation -of _Hercules_. He says: - - - "Near this, and like a toiling man, revolves - A form. Of it can no one clearly speak, - Nor what he labours at. They call him simply - 'The man upon his knees': In desperate struggle - Like one who sinks, he seems. From both his shoulders - His arms are high-uplifted and out-stretched - As far as he can reach; and his right foot - Is planted on the coiled Dragon's head." - - -Ancient authorities differ as to the personality of Hercules, and they -disagree as to the number, nature, and order of what are sometimes called -"the twelve labours of Hercules." But there is no doubt as to the mighty -foretold works which the woman's Seed should perform. - -From first to last Hercules is seen engaged in destroying some malignant -foe: now it is the Nemean lion; then it is the slaying of the boar of -Erymanthus; again, it is the conquest of the bull of Crete; then the -killing of the three-headed hydra, by whose venom Hercules afterwards -died. In the belly of the sea monster he is said to have remained "three -days and three nights." This was, doubtless, a perversion of the type of -Jonah, introduced by LYCOPHRON, who (living at the court of PTOLEMY -PHILADELPHUS, under whose auspices the Hebrew Scriptures were translated -into Greek) would have known of that Divine miracle, and of its -application to the Coming One. Bishop Horsley believed that the fables of -the Greek mythology could be traced back to the prophecies of the Messiah, -of which they were a perversion from ignorance or design. This is -specially true of Hercules. In his apparently impossible tasks of -overthrowing gigantic enemies and delivering captives, we can see through -the shadow, and discern the pure light of the truth. We can understand how -the original star-picture must have been a prophetic representation of Him -who shall destroy the Old Serpent and open the way again, not to fabled -"apples of gold," but to the "tree of life" itself. He it is who though -suffering in the mighty conflict, and brought to His knee, going down even -to "the dust of death," shall yet, in resurrection and advent glory, wield -His victorious club, subdue all His enemies, and plant His foot on the -Dragon's head. For of Him it is written:-- - - - "Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder; - The young lion and the dragon shalt Thou trample under foot." - - (Ps. xci. 13.) - - "Come, Lord, and burst the captives' chains, - And set the prisoners free; - Come, cleanse this earth from all its stains, - And make it meet for Thee! - - Oh, come and end Creation's groans-- - Its sighs, its tears, its blood, - And make this blighted world again - The dwelling-place of God." - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign SAGITTARIUS. - - - _The Redeemer's Triumph._ - -This is the concluding chapter of the first great book of this Heavenly -Revelation; and it is occupied wholly with the triumph of the Coming One, -who is represented as going forth "conquering and to conquer." - -The subject is beautifully set forth in the written Word (Ps. xlv. 3-5):-- - - - "Gird Thy sword upon Thy thigh, O most mighty, - [_Gird Thyself_] with Thy glory and Thy majesty, - And in Thy majesty ride prosperously, - Because of truth, and meekness, and righteousness; - And Thy right hand shall teach Thee terrible things. - Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the King's enemies; - Whereby the people fall under Thee." - - -John, in his apocalyptic vision, sees the same mighty Conqueror going -forth. "I saw (he says) a white horse, and He that sat on him had a bow, -... and He went forth conquering and to conquer" (Rev. vi. 2). - -This is precisely what is foreshadowed in the star-pictured sign now -called by the modern Latin name _Sagittarius_, which means _the Archer_. - -The Hebrew and Syriac name of the sign is _Kesith_, which means _the -Archer_ (as in Gen. xxi. 20). The Arabic name is _Al Kaus_, _the arrow_. -In Coptic it is _Pimacre_, _the graciousness_, or _beauty of the coming -forth_. In Greek it is _Toxotes_, _the archer_, and in Latin -_Sagittarius_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 12: SAGITTARIUS (the Archer) - - -There are 69 stars in the sign, _viz._, five of the 3rd magnitude (all in -the bow), nine of the 4th, etc. - -The names of the brightest stars are significant:-- - -Hebrew, _Naim_, which means _the gracious one_. This is exactly what is -said of this Victor in the same Psalm (xlv.), in the words immediately -preceding the quotation above (verse 2): - - - "GRACE is poured into Thy lips; - Therefore God hath blessed Thee for ever." - - -Hebrew, _Nehushta_, _the going_ or _sending forth_. - -We see the same in the Arabic names which have come down to us: _Al Naim_, -_the gracious one_; _Al Shaula_, _the dart_; _Al Warida_, _who comes -forth_; _Ruchba er rami_, _the riding of the bowman_. - -An ancient Akkadian name in the sign is _Nun-ki_, which means _Prince of -the Earth_. - -Again we have the picture of _a Centaur_ as to his outward form, _i.e._ a -being with two natures. Not now far down in the south, or connected with -His sufferings and sacrifice as man; but high up, as a sign of the Zodiac -itself, on the ecliptic, _i.e._ in the very path in which the sun -"rejoiceth in his going forth as a strong man." - -According to Grecian fable, this Sagittarius is _Cheiron_, the chief -Centaur; noble in character, righteous in his dealings, divine in his -power. - -Such will be the coming Seed of the woman in His power and glory:-- - - - "The sceptre of Thy kingdom is a right sceptre. - Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness; - Therefore God, Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of - gladness above thy fellows." - - (Ps. xlv. 6, 7.) - - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah he is called (as in Coptic) _Pi-macre_, -_i.e._ _graciousness, beauty of the appearing_ or _coming forth_. The -characters under the hind foot read _Knem_, which means _He conquers_. - -This is He who shall come forth like as an arrow from the bow, "full of -grace," but "conquering and to conquer." - -In all the pictures he is similarly represented, and the arrow in his bow -is aimed directly at the heart of the Scorpion. - -Thus ARATUS sang of _Cheiron_:-- - - - "'Midst golden stars he stands refulgent now, - And thrusts the scorpion with his bended bow." - - -In this Archer we see a faint reflection of Him who shall presently come -forth, all gracious, all wise, all powerful; whose arrows shall be "sharp -in the heart of the King's enemies." - - - "God shall shoot at them with an arrow; - Suddenly shall they be wounded. - So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves; - All that see them shall flee away. - And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; - For they shall wisely consider of His doing. - The righteous shall be glad in the Lord, and shall trust in Him; - And all the upright in heart shall glory." - - (Ps. lxiv. 7-10.) - - "Christ is coming! let Creation - From her groans and travail cease; - Let the glorious proclamation - Hope restore, and faith increase. - Christ is coming, - Come, thou blessed Prince of peace." - - -This brings us to the first of the three constellations or sections of -this chapter, which takes up this subject of praise to the Conqueror. - - - -1. LYRA (The Harp). - - - _Praise prepared for the Conqueror._ - -"Praise waiteth for thee, O God, in Zion" (Ps. lxv. 1). And when the -waiting time is over, and the Redeemer comes forth, then the praise shall -be given. "We give Thee thanks, O Lord God, the Almighty, which art, and -which wast, because thou hast taken to Thee Thy great power, and didst -reign" (Rev. xi. 17, R.V.). "Let us be glad and rejoice and give honour -unto Him" (Rev. xix. 7). The Twenty-first Psalm should be read here, as it -tells of the bursting forth of praise on the going forth of this all- -gracious Conqueror. - - - "The King shall rejoice in Thy strength, O LORD; - And in Thy salvation how greatly shall He rejoice!... - Thine hand shall find out all Thine enemies; - Thy right hand shall find out all that hate thee.... - Their fruit shalt Thou destroy from the earth; - And their seed from among the children of men. - For they intended evil against Thee; - They imagined a mischievous device which they are not able to - perform, - Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back (Heb. _Margin, - __"__set them as a butt__"_), - When Thou shalt make ready Thine arrows upon Thy strings - [_And shoot them_] against the face of them. - Be thou exalted, LORD, in thine own strength; - SO WILL WE SING AND PRAISE THY POWER." - - (Ps. xxi. 1, 8, 10-13.) - - -Beautifully, then, does _the harp_ come in here, following upon the going -forth of this victorious Horseman. This Song of the Lamb follows as -naturally as does the Song of Moses in Ex. xv. 1: "I will sing unto the -LORD, for He hath triumphed gloriously." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 13: LYRA (the Harp) - - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, is one of the most glorious in the heavens, and by -it this constellation may be easily known. It shines with a splendid white -lustre. It is called _Vega_, which means _He shall be exalted_. Its root -occurs in the opening of the Song of Moses, quoted above. Is not this -wonderfully expressive? - -Its other stars, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, are also conspicuous stars, of the 2nd and 4th -magnitude. {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is called _Shelyuk_, which means _an eagle_ (as does the -Arabic, _Al Nesr_); {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} is called _Sulaphat_, _springing up_, or -_ascending_, as praise. - -In the Zodiac of Denderah, this constellation is figured as a hawk or an -eagle (the enemy of the serpent) in triumph. Its name is _Fent-kar_, which -means _the serpent ruled_. - -There may be some confusion between the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Nesher_, _an -eagle_, and {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Gnasor_, _a harp_;(45) but there can be no doubt -about the grand central truth, that praise shall ascend up "as an eagle -toward heaven," when "every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, -and such as are in the sea, and all that is in them," shall send up their -universal song of praise: "Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be -unto Him that sitteth upon the throne and unto the Lamb for ever and ever. -Amen" (Rev. v. 13, 14). - -And for what is all this wondrous anthem of Praise? Listen once again. -"Alleluia:(46) Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord -our God; for TRUE AND RIGHTEOUS ARE HIS JUDGMENTS.... And again they said -Alleluia" (Rev. xix. 1-3). - - - With "that blessed hope" before us, - Let no HARP remain unstrung, - Let the coming advent chorus - Onward roll from tongue to tongue, Hallelujah, - "Come, Lord Jesus," quickly come. - - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. ARA (The Altar). - - - _Consuming Fire Prepared for His Enemies._ - -Here we have an altar or burning pyre, placed significantly and ominously -upside down! with its fires burning and pointing downwards towards the -lower regions, called _Tartarus_, or _the abyss_, or "outer-darkness." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 14: ARA (the Altar) - - -It is an asterism with nine stars, of which three are of the 3rd -magnitude, four of the 4th, etc. It is south of the Scorpion's tail, and -when these constellations were first formed it was visible only on the -very lowest horizon of the south, pointing to the completion of all -judgment in the lake of fire. - -In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a different picture, giving us another -aspect of the same judgment. It is a man enthroned, with a flail in his -hand. His name is _Bau_, the same name as _Hercules_ has, and means _He -cometh_. It is from the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~} (_Boh_), _to come_, as in Isa. lxiii. -1: - - - "Who is this that cometh from Edom, - With dyed garments from Bozrah." - - -This is a coming in judgment, as is clear from reason given in verse 4: - - - "For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart, - And the year of My redeemed is come. - And I looked, and there was none to help; - And I wondered that there was none to uphold; - Therefore Mine own arm brought salvation, - And My fury, it upheld Me." - - (Isa. lxiii. 4, 5.) - - -The completion of judgment, therefore, is what is pictured both by the -burning pyre and the Coming One enthroned, with his threshing instrument. - -In Arabic it is called _Al Mugamra_, which means _the completing_, or -_finishing_. The Greeks used the word _Ara_ sometimes in the sense of -_praying_, but more frequently in the sense of _imprecation_ or _cursing_. - -This is the curse pronounced against the great enemy. This is the burning -fire, pointing to the _completion_ of that curse, when he shall be cast -into that everlasting fire "prepared for the devil and his angels." This -is the allusion to it written in the midst of the very Scripture from -which we have already quoted (p. 66), Ps. xxi., where we read in verse 9 -(which we then omitted):-- - - - "Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of Thine anger: - The Lord shall swallow them up in His wrath; - And the fire shall devour them." - - -This brings us to the final scene, closing up this first great book of the -Heavens. - - - -3. DRACO (The Dragon). - - - _The Old Serpent, or the Devil, cast down from Heaven._ - -Each of the three great books concludes with this same foreshowing of -Apocalyptic truth. The same great enemy is referred to in all these -pictures. He is the Serpent; he is the Dragon; "the great dragon, that old -serpent, called the Devil and Satan" (Rev. xii. 9). The Serpent represents -him as the _Deceiver_; the Dragon, as the _Destroyer_. - -This _First_ Book concludes with the Dragon being cast down from heaven. - -The _Second_ Book concludes with _Cetus_, the Sea Monster, Leviathan, -bound. - -The _Third_ Book concludes with Hydra, the Old Serpent, destroyed. - -Here, at the close of the _First_ Book, we see not merely a dragon, but -the Dragon _cast down_! That is the point of this great star-picture. - -No one has ever seen a dragon; but among all nations (especially in China -and Japan), and in all ages, we find it described and depicted in legend -and in art. Both Old and New Testaments refer to it, and all unite in -connecting with it one and the same great enemy of God and man. - -It is against him that the God-Man--"the Son of God--goes forth to war." It -is for him that the eternal fires are prepared. It is he who shall shortly -be cast down from the heavens preparatory to his completed judgment. It is -of him we read, "The great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called -the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out and -his angels with him. And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is -come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of -His Christ; for the accuser of our brethren is cast down" (Rev. xii. 9, -10). - -It is of him that David sings:-- - - - "God is my king of old, - Working salvation in the midst of the earth ... - Thou brakest the heads of the dragons in the waters. - Thou brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces." - - (Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.) - - -Of him also the Spirit causes Isaiah to say, "In that day, shall this song -be sung in the land of Judah";-- - - - "In that day the Lord, with his sore, and great, and strong sword, - Shall punish leviathan the piercing (R.V. swift) serpent, - Even leviathan that crooked serpent; - And he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea." - - (Isa. xxvi. 1; xxvii. 1.) - - -This is exactly what is foreshadowed by this constellation of _Draco_. Its -name is from the Greek, and means _trodden on_, as in the Septuagint of -Ps. xci. 13: "The dragon shalt thou trample under feet," from the Hebrew -{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}, _Dahrach_, _to tread_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 15: DRACO (the Dragon Cast down) - - -In the Zodiac of Denderah it is shown as a serpent under the fore-feet of -Sagittarius, and is named _Her-fent_, which means _the serpent accursed_! - -There are 80 stars in the constellation; four of the 2nd magnitude, seven -of the 3rd magnitude, ten of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in one of the latter coils), is named _Thuban_ -(Heb.), _the subtle_. Some 4,620 years ago it was the Polar Star. It is -manifest, therefore, that the Greeks could not have invented this -constellation, as is confessed by all modern astronomers. It is still a -very important star in nautical reckonings, guiding the commerce of the -seas, and thus "the god of this world" is represented as winding in his -contortions round the pole of the world, as if to indicate his subtle -influence in all worldly affairs. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head), is called by the Hebrew name _Rastaban_, -and means _the head of the subtle_ (_serpent_). In the Arabic it is still -called _Al Waid_, which means _who is to be destroyed_. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (also in the head), is called _Ethanin_, _i.e._, _the -long serpent_, or _dragon_. - -The Hebrew names of other stars, not identified, are _Grumian_, _the -subtle_; _Giansar_, _the punished enemy_. Other (Arabic) names are _Al -Dib_, _the reptile_; _El Athik_, _the fraudful_; _El Asieh_, _the bowed -down_. - -And thus the combined testimony of every star (without a single exception) -of each constellation, and the constellations of each sign, accords with -the testimony of the Word of God concerning the coming Seed of the woman, -the bruising of His heel, the crushing of the serpent's head, "the -sufferings of Christ, and the glory which should follow." - - - "From far I see the glorious day, - When He who bore our sins away, - Will all His majesty display. - - A Man of Sorrows once He was, - No friend was found to plead His cause, - As all preferred the world's applause. - - He groaned beneath sin's awful load, - For in the sinner's place He stood, - And died to bring him back to God. - - But now He waits, with glory crowned. - While angel hosts His throne surround, - And still His lofty praises sound. - - To few on earth His name is dear, - And they who in His cause appear, - The world's reproach and scorn must bear - - Jesus, Thy name is all my boast, - And though by waves of trouble tossed, - Thou wilt not let my soul be lost. - - Come then, come quickly from above, - My soul impatient longs to prove, - The depths of everlasting love." - - - - - -THE SECOND BOOK. THE REDEEMED. - - - _The Result of the Redeemer's Sufferings._ - -In the _First_ Book we have had before us the work of the Redeemer set -forth as it concerned His own glorious person. In this _Second_ Book it is -presented to us as it affects others. Here we see the _results_ of His -humiliation, and conflict, and victory--"The sufferings of Christ" and the -blessings they procured for His redeemed people. - -In Chapter I. we have the Blessings procured. - -In Chapter II. their Blessings ensured. - -In Chapter III. their Blessings in abeyance. - -In Chapter IV. their Blessings enjoyed. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign CAPRICORNUS (The Sea Goat). - - - _The Goat of Atonement Slain for the Redeemed._ - -It is most noteworthy that this Second Book opens with the Goat, and -closes with the Ram: two animals of sacrifice; while the two middle -chapters are both connected with fishes.(47) The reason for this we shall -see as we proceed. - -Both are combined in the first chapter, or "Sign" of Capricornus. - -In all the ancient Zodiacs, or Planispheres, we find a goat with a fish's -tail. In the Zodiacs of Denderah and Esneh, in Egypt, it is half-goat and -half-fish, and it is there called _Hu-penius_, which means _the place of -the sacrifice_. - -In the Indian Zodiac it is a goat _passant_ traversed by a fish. - -There can be no doubt as to the significance of this sign. - -In the Goat we have the Atoning Sacrifice, in the Fish we have the people -for whom the atonement is made. When we come to the sign "PISCES" we shall -see more clearly that it points to the _multitudes_ of the redeemed host. - -The Goat is bowing its head as though falling down in death. The right leg -is folded underneath the body, and he seems unable to rise with the left. -The tail of the fish, on the other hand, seems to be full of vigour and -life. - -The Hebrew name of the sign is _Gedi_, _the kid_ or _cut off_, the same as -the Arabic _Al Gedi_. CAPRICORNUS is merely the modern (Latin) name of the -sign, and means _goat_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 16: CAPRICORNUS (the Goat) - - -There are 51 stars in the sign, three of which are of the 3rd magnitude, -three of the 4th, etc. Five are remarkable stars, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} in the horn and -head, and the remaining three, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, in the fishy tail. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} -is named _Al Gedi_, _the kid_ or _goat_, while the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} is called _Deneb -Al Gedi_, _the sacrifice cometh_. - -Other star-names in the sign, not identified, are _Dabih_ (Syriac), _the -sacrifice slain_; _Al Dabik_ and _Al Dehabeh_ (Arabic) have the same -meaning; _Ma'asad_, _the slaying_; _Sa'ad al Naschira_, _the record of the -cutting off_. - -Is not this exactly in accord with the Scriptures of truth? There were two -goats! Of "the _goat_ of the sin-offering" it is written, "God hath given -it to you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for -them before the LORD" (Lev. x. 16, 17): of the other goat, which was not -slain, "he shall let it go into the wilderness" (Lev. xvi. 22). Here is -death and resurrection. Christ was "wounded for our transgressions, and -bruised for our iniquities." "For the transgression of MY PEOPLE was He -stricken" (Isa. liii.). He laid down His life for the sheep. - -In the first chapter of the _First_ Book we had the same Blessed One -presented as "a corn of wheat." Here we see Him come to "die," and hence -not abiding alone, but bringing forth "much fruit" (John xii. 24). The -living fish proceeds from the dying goat, and yet they form only one body. -That picture, which has no parallel in nature, has a perfectly true -counterpart in grace; and "a great multitude, which no man can number," -have been redeemed and shall obtain eternal life through the death of -their Redeemer. - -It is, however, not merely the actual death which is set before us here. -The _first_ chapter _in each book_ has for its great subject _the Person_ -of the Redeemer in _prophecy_ and promise. The _last_ chapter in each book -has for its subject the fulfilment of that prophecy in victory and -triumph, in the Person of the Redeemer: while the two _central_ chapters -_in each_ book are occupied with _the work_ which is the accomplishment of -the promise, presented in two aspects--the former connected with _grace_, -the latter with _conflict_. - -Thus the _structure_ of each of the three books is an _epanodos_, having -for its first and last members the Person of the Redeemer (in "A" in -_Prophecy_; in "_A_" in _Fulfilment_), while in the two central members we -have the work and its accomplishment (in "B" _in grace_; and in "_B_" _in -conflict_). - -It may be thus presented to the eye:-- - - _The First Book._ - -A | VIRGO. The Prophecy of the Bruised Seed. - B | LIBRA. The work accomplished (in _grace_). - _B_ | SCORPIO. The work accomplished (in _conflict_.) -_A_ | SAGITTARIUS. The fulfillment of the promised victory. - - _The Second Book._ - -C | CAPRICORNUS. The Prophecy of the Promised Deliverance. - D | AQUARIUS. Results of the work bestowed (in grace). - _D_ | PISCES. Results of the work enjoyed (in conflict). -_C_ | ARIES. The Fulfilment of the Promised Deliverance. - - _The Third Book._ - -E | TAURUS. The Prophecy of the coming Judge of all the earth. - F | GEMINI. The Redeemer's reign. (Grace and Glory). - _F_ | CANCER. The Redeemer's possession (safe from all conflict). -_E_ | LEO. The fulfilment of the promised Triumph. - -Hence in CAPRICORNUS we must look for the _prophecy_ of this Coming -Sacrifice. As a matter of fact it did actually point out the time when the -Sun of Righteousness should arise, and "the Light of the World" appear. -For when this Promised Seed was born the Sun _was actually in this sign of -Capricornus_! "The fulness of time was come," and "God sent forth His Son -TO REDEEM them that were under the Law" (Gal. iv. 4). The Sun was really -amongst those very stars--_Al Gedi_, _the kid_, and _Deneb Al Gedi_, _the -sacrifice cometh_--when this willing Sacrifice said, "Lo I come to do Thy -will, O God." The nights were at their darkest and their longest when -Jesus was born. The days began immediately to lengthen when He, "the true -light," had come into the world.(48) - -Astronomers confess that the perverted legends of the Greeks give but "a -lame account" of this sign, "and it offers no illustration of _its ancient -origin_." - -Its ancient origin reveals a prophetic knowledge, which only He possessed -who knew that in "the fulness of time" He would send forth His Son. - -We now come to the three constellations which give us three pictures -setting forth the death of this Sacrifice and of His living again. - - - -1. SAGITTA (The Arrow). - - - _The Arrow of God sent forth_. - -It is not the Arrow of Sagittarius, for that has not left his bow. That -arrow is for the enemies of God. This is for the Son of God. It was of -this that He spoke when He said, in Ps. xxxviii. 2: - - - "Thine arrows stick fast in me, - And Thy hand presseth me sore." - - -He was "stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted, He was wounded for our -transgressions" (Isa. liii. 4, 5). He was "pierced," when He could say -with Job, "The arrows of the Almighty are within me" (vi. 4). - - [Illustration] - -Plate 17: SAGITTA (the Arrow), AQUILA (the Eagle), DELPHINUS (the Dolphin) - - -Here the arrow is pictured to us in mid-heaven, alone, as having been shot -forth by an invisible hand. It is seen in its flight through the heavens. -It is the arrow of God, showing that Redemption is all of God. It was "the -will of God" which Jesus came to do. Not a mere work of mercy for -miserable sinners, but a work ordained in eternity past, for the glory of -God in eternity future. - -This is the record of the Word, and this is what is pictured for us here. -The work which the arrow accomplishes is seen in the dying Goat, and in -the falling Eagle. - -There are many other stars in the heavens in a straighter line, which -would better serve for an arrow. Why are these stars chosen? Why is the -arrow placed here? What explanation can be given, except that the -Revelation in the stars and in the Book are both from the inspiration of -the same Spirit? - -There are about 18 stars, of which four are of the 4th magnitude. Only {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} -and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} are in the same line, while the shaft passes between {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}. - -The Hebrew name is _Sham_, _destroying_, or _desolate_. - - - -2. AQUILA (The Eagle). - - - _The Smitten One Falling._ - -Here we have an additional picture of the effect of this arrow, in the -pierced, wounded, and falling Eagle, gasping in its dying struggle. And -that pierced, wounded, and dying Saviour whom it represents, after saying, -in Ps. xxxviii. 2, "Thine arrows stick fast in Me," added, in verse 10: - - - "My heart panteth, My strength faileth Me, - As for the light of Mine eyes it is gone from Me." - - (See also Zech. xiii. 6.) - - -The names of the stars, all of them, bear out this representation. The -constellation contains 74 stars. The brightest of them, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the Eagle's -neck), is a notable star of the 1st magnitude, called _Al Tair_ (Arabic), -_the wounding_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the throat) is called _Al Shain_ (Arabic), -_the bright_, from a Hebrew root meaning _scarlet coloured_, as in Josh. -ii. 18. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the back) is called _Tarared_, _wounded_, or -_torn_. {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the lower wing) is named _Alcair_, which means _the -piercing_, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the tail), _Al Okal_, has the significant meaning -_wounded in the heel_. - -How can the united testimony of these names be explained except by -acknowledging a Divine origin? even that of Him who afterwards foretold of -the bruising of the Virgin's Son in the written Word; yea, of Him "who -telleth the number of the stars and giveth them all their names." - - - -3. DELPHINUS (The Dolphin). - - - _The Dead One Rising again._ - -This is a bright cluster of 18 stars, five of which are of the 3rd -magnitude. It is easily distinguished by the four brightest, which are in -the head. - -It is always figured as a fish full of life, and always with the head -upwards, just as the eagle is always with the head downwards. The great -peculiar characteristic of the dolphin is its rising up, leaping, and -springing out of the sea. - -When we compare this with the dying goat and falling eagle, what -conclusion can we come to but that we have here the filling in of the -picture, and the completion of the whole truth set forth in Capricornus? - -Jesus "died and rose again." Apart from His resurrection His death is -without result. In His conflict with the enemy it is only His coming again -in glory which is shown forth. But here, in connection with His people, -with the multitudes of His redeemed, Resurrection is the great and -important truth. He is "the first-fruits of them that slept"; then He, -too, is here represented as a fish. He who went down into the waters of -death for His people; He who could say "All thy waves and thy billows are -gone over me" (Ps. xlii. 7), He it is who rises up again from the dead, -having died on account of the sins of His redeemed, and risen again on -account of their justification (Rom. iv. 25). - -This is the picture here. In the Persian planisphere there seems to be a -fish and a stream of water. The Egyptian has a vessel pouring out water. - -The ancient names connected with this constellation are _Dalaph_ (Hebrew), -_pouring out of water_; _Dalaph_ (Arabic), _coming quickly;_ _Scalooin_ -(Arabic), _swift (as the flow of water); Rotaneb_ or _Rotaneu_ (Syriac and -Chaldee), _swiftly running_. - -Thus, in this first chapter of the Second Book we see the great truth of -Revelation set forth; and we learn how the great Blessings of Redemption -were procured. This truth cannot be more eloquently or powerfully -presented than in the language of Dr. Seiss:-- - - - "This strange goat-fish, dying in its head, but living in its - afterpart--falling as an eagle pierced and wounded by the arrow of - death, but springing up from the dark waves with the matchless - vigour and beauty of the dolphin--sinking under sin's condemnation, - but rising again as sin's conqueror--developing new life out of - death, and heralding a new springtime out of December's long drear - nights--was framed by no blind chance of man. The story which it - tells is the old, old story on which hangs the only availing hope - that ever came, or ever can come, to Adam's race. To what it - signifies we are for ever shut up as the only saving faith. In - that dying Seed of the woman we must see our sin-bearer and the - atonement for our guilt, or die ourselves unpardoned and - unsanctified. Through His death and bloodshedding we must find our - life, or the true life, which alone is life, we never can have." - - "Complete atonement Thou hast made, - And to the utmost farthing paid - Whate'er Thy people owed: - Nor can His wrath on me take place, - If sheltered in His righteousness, - And sprinkled with the blood. - - If my discharge Thou hast procured, - And freely in my room endured - The whole of wrath divine, - Payment God cannot twice demand, - First at my bleeding Surety's hand, - And then again at mine. - - Turn, then, my soul, unto Thy rest; - The merits of Thy great High Priest - Have bought thy liberty; - Trust in His efficacious blood, - Nor fear thy banishment from God, - Since Jesus died for thee." - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign AQUARIUS (The Water Bearer). - - - _Their Blessings Ensured, or the Living Waters of Blessing Poured Forth - for the Redeemed._ - -The Atonement being made, the blessings have been procured, and now they -can be bestowed and poured forth upon the Redeemed. This is the truth, -whether we think of Abel's lamb, of patriarchal sacrifices, the offerings -under the Law, or of that great Sacrifice of which they all testified. -They all with one voice tell us that atonement made is the only foundation -of blessing. - -This was pictured and foreshown in the heavens from the beginning, by a -man pouring forth water from an urn which seems to have an inexhaustible -supply, and which flows forth downwards into the mouth of a fish, which -receives it and drinks it all up. - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah it is the same idea, though the man -holds two urns, and the fish below seems to have come out of the urn. The -man is called _Hupei Tirion_, which means _the place of him coming down_ -or _poured forth_. - -In some eastern Zodiacs the Urn alone appears. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 18: AQUARIUS (the Water Bearer) & PISCIS AUSTRALIS (the Southern - Fish) - - -This agrees with its other names--Hebrew, _Deli_, _the water-urn_, or -_bucket_ (as in Num. xxiv. 7); the Arabic _Delu_ is the same. - -There are 108 stars in this Sign, four of which are of the 3rd magnitude. -Their names, as far as they have come down to us, are significant. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the right shoulder) is called _Sa'ad al Melik_, which means -_the record of the pouring forth_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the other shoulder) is called _Saad al Sund_, _who goeth -and returneth_, or _the pourer out_. - -The bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the lower part of the right leg) is well-known to- -day by its Hebrew name _Scheat_, which means _who goeth and returneth_. - -The bright star in the urn has an Egyptian name--_Mon_ or _Meon_, which -means simply _an urn_. - -Aquarius is the modern Latin name by which the sign is known. It has the -same meaning, _the pourer forth of water_. - -Can we doubt what is the interpretation of this sign? The Greeks, not -knowing Him of whom it testified, were, like the woman of Samaria, -destitute of that living water which He alone can give. They therefore -invented some story about _Deucalion_, the son of Prometheus; and another, -saying he is _Ganymede_, Jove's cup-bearer! But, as an astronomer says, -"We must account otherwise for the origin of this name; for it is not -possible to reconcile the symbols of the eleventh(49) sign with Grecian -mythology." No! we must go further back than that, and not cramp our -vision, and distort the Scriptures, by confining our thoughts to "the -Church." The Church is nowhere seen in these Signs, as she is nowhere -revealed in the Old Testament. This we shall enlarge on when we come to -the sign Pisces. Meanwhile we must read the witness of the stars as if -there had been no Church! - -Christ is first. Yea, He is all in all. The Scriptures testify of Him; and -the very stars in this Sign tell of His going away and His coming again. -These prophetic signs have to do with Him, with the Atonement He wrought, -with the conflict He endured, with the blessings He secured, with the -victory He shall win, and the triumph He shall have. For it is written: - - - "He shall pour the water out of His buckets, - And His seed shall be in many waters, - And His king shall be higher than Agag, - And His kingdom shall be exalted." - - (Num. xxiv. 7.) - - -It tells of that glorious day when - - - "A King shall reign in righteousness; - And princes shall rule in judgment; - And a MAN shall be as an hiding place - from the wind, - And a covert from the tempest; - As RIVERS of WATER in a dry place." - - (Isa. xxxii. 1, 2). - - -It speaks of that glorious time when Israel shall be restored, and their -"eyes shall see the King in His beauty"; when the peace of Zion shall be -no more disturbed, "but there the glorious LORD will be unto us a place of -broad rivers and streams" (Isa. xxxiii. 17, 20, 21). Then - - - "The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; - And the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose, - For in the wilderness shall waters break out, - And streams in the desert." - - (Isa. xxxv. 1, 6.) - - "I will open rivers in high places, - And fountains in the midst of the valleys; - I will make the wilderness a pool of water, - And the dry land springs of water." - - (Isa. xli. 18.) - - "Fear not, O Jacob, My servant; - And thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen, - For I will POUR WATER upon him that is thirsty, - And floods upon the dry ground; - I will pour My Spirit upon thy seed, - And My blessing upon thy offspring. - Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, - And his Redeemer the LORD of hosts." - - (Isa. xliv. 2, 3, 6.) - - -This is the meaning of the Sign. The MAN Christ Jesus, who was humbled in -death will yet be seen to be the pourer forth of every blessing. -_Physically_ pouring forth literal waters, removing the curse, and turning -this world into a paradise: - - - "Making her wilderness like Eden, - And her desert like the garden of the LORD." - - (Isa. li. 3.) - - -And _morally_ pouring forth His Spirit in such abundance as to fill the -whole earth with peace, and blessing, and glory, "as the waters cover the -sea." - -Upon Israel restored He will pour out His blessing. They will be sprinkled -with clean water, and possess a new heart and a new spirit (Ezek. xxxvi. -24-28; Joel ii. 28-32). - -Such are some of the Scriptures which tell of this glorious Water-pourer. -We need not rob Christ of His glory, or Israel of her blessing, in order -to see in all this Pentecost or the Church. These are quite independent of -the great line of prophetic truth. They are parenthetical, and distinct, -and true, quite apart from the glorious prophecies of Israel's scattering -and gathering. The physical marvels referred to in the texts above can -never be satisfied or exhausted by any spiritual fulfilment. We may make -an _application_ of them as far as is consistent with the teaching of the -epistles; but the _interpretation_ of them belongs to the Person of -Christ, and the nation of Israel. That interpretation is pictured for us -in the Sign, and in its three constellations. - - - -1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (The Southern Fish). - - - _The Blessings Bestowed._ - -This first constellation is one of high antiquity,(50) and its brilliant -star of the first magnitude was a subject of great study by the Egyptians -and Ethiopians. It is named in Arabic _Fom al Haut_, _the mouth of the -fish_. There are 22 other stars. - -The constellation is inseparable from Aquarius, in connection with which -we have shown it in Plate XVIII. In the Denderah Zodiac it is called -_Aar_, _a stream_. - -It sets forth the simple truth that the blessings procured by the MAN--the -coming Seed of the woman, will be surely bestowed and received by those -for whom they are intended. There will be no failure in their -communication, or in their reception. What has been purchased shall be -secured and possessed. - - - -2. PEGASUS (The Winged Horse). - - - _The Blessings Quickly Coming._ - -Not only shall they be received, but they shall be brought near. They will -not have to be fetched, but they will be caused to come to those for whom -they are procured, and will yet be _brought_ by Him who has procured them. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 19: PEGASUS (the Winged Horse) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac there are two characters immediately below the -horse, _Pe_ and _ka_. _Peka_ or _Pega_, is in Hebrew _the chief_, and -_Sus_ is _horse_. So that the very word (_Pegasus_) has come down to us -and has been preserved through all the languages. - -The names of the stars in this constellation declare to us its meaning. -There are 89 altogether; one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, three -of the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. And, as astronomers testify, "they -render Pegasus peculiarly remarkable." - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (on the neck of the horse at the junction of the wing), -comes down to us with the ancient Hebrew name of _Markab_, which means -_returning from afar_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the near shoulder) is called -_Scheat_, _i.e._, _who goeth and returneth_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (at the tip of the -wing) bears an Arabic name--_Al Genib_, _who carries_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -nostril) is called _Enif_ (Arabic), _the water_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} (in the near -leg) is called _Matar_ (Arabic), _who causes to overflow_. - -These names show us that we have to do with no mere horse. A winged horse -is unknown to nature. It must therefore be used as a figure; and it can be -a figure only of a person, even of Him who is "_the Branch_," as the star -_Enif_ shows, who said, "If I go away I will come again," as the star -_Scheat_ testifies. - -He who procured these blessings for the redeemed by His Atonement, is -quickly coming to bring them; and is soon returning to pour them forth -upon a groaning creation. This is the lesson of Pegasus. - - - "Come, blessed Lord, bid every shore - And answering island sing - The praises of Thy royal Name, - And own Thee as their King. - - Lord, Lord! Thy fair creation groans-- - The earth, the air, the sea-- - In unison with all our hearts, - And calls aloud for Thee. - - Thine was the Cross with all its fruits - Of grace and peace divine: - Be Thine the Crown of glory now, - The palm of victory Thine." - - - -3. CYGNUS (The Swan). - - - _The Blesser surely Returning._ - -This constellation repeats, emphasises, and affirms this glorious truth. -It has to do with the Great Blesser and His speedy return, as is testified -by all the ancient names connected with it. - -In the Denderah Zodiac it is named _Tes-ark_, which means _this from -afar_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 20: CYGNUS (the Swan) - - -It is a most brilliant and gorgeous asterism of 81 stars; one of the 1st -or 2nd, six of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th magnitude, etc. It contains -variable stars, five double stars, and one quadruple. The star marked "61 -Cygni" is known as one of the most wonderful in the whole heavens. It -consists of two stars which revolve about each other, and yet have a -progressive motion common to each! - -This mighty bird is not falling dead, like Aquila, but it is flying -swiftly in mid-heaven. It is coming to the earth, for it is not so much a -bird of the air, but a bird peculiarly belonging to both the earth and the -waters. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (between the body and the tail), is called _Deneb_ -(like another in Capricornus), and means _the judge_. It is also called -_Adige_, _flying swiftly_, and thus at once it is connected with Him who -cometh to judge the earth in righteousness. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the beak) is named _Al Bireo_ (Arabic), _flying quickly_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the body) is called _Sadr_ (Hebrew), _who returns as in a -circle_. - -The two stars in the tail, now marked in the maps as {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} 1 and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} 2, are -named _Azel_, _who goes and returns quickly_; and _Fafage_, _gloriously -shining forth_. - -The teaching, then, of the whole sign of AQUARIUS is clear and complete. -The names of the stars explain the constellations, and the names of the -constellations explain the sign, so that we are left in no doubt. - -By His atoning death (as set forth in CAPRICORNUS) He has purchased and -procured unspeakable blessings for His redeemed. This sign (AQUARIUS) -tells of those blessings being poured forth, and of the speedy return of -Him who is to bring "rivers of blessing," and to fill this earth with -blessing and glory "as the waters cover the sea." - - - "Then take, LORD, thy kingdom, and come in Thy glory; - Make the scene of Thy sorrows the place of Thy throne, - Complete all the blessing which ages in story - Have told of the triumphs so justly Thine own." - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign PISCES (The Fishes). - - - _The Blessings of the Redeemed in abeyance._ - -In this third chapter of the Second Book we come to the results of the -Redeemer's work enjoyed, but in connection with conflict, as is seen in -the last of the three sections (the constellation of _Andromeda_, _the -chained woman_), which leads up to the last chapter of the book, and ends -it in triumph over every enemy. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 21: PISCES (the Fish) and the Band - - -The Sign is pictured as two large fishes bound together by a _Band_, the -ends of which are fastened separately to their tails. One fish is -represented with its head pointing upwards towards the North Polar Star, -the other is shown at right angles, swimming along the line of the -ecliptic, or path of the sun. - -The ancient Egyptian name, as shown on the Denderah Zodiac, is _Pi-cot -Orion_, or _Pisces Hori_, which means _the fishes of Him that cometh_. - -The Hebrew name is _Dagim_, _the Fishes_, which is closely connected with -_multitudes_, as in Gen. xlviii. 26, where Jacob blesses Joseph's sons, -and says, "Let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth." The -margin says, "Let them grow _as fishes do increase_." It refers to the -fulfilment of Gen. i. 28, "Be fruitful and multiply." The _multitude_ of -Abraham's seed is prominent in the pronouncement of the blessings, where -God compared his future posterity to the stars of the sky, and the sand -upon the sea shore. "A very great multitude of fish," as in Ezek. xlvii. -9. - -The Syriac name is _Nuno_, _the fish_, _lengthened out (as in posterity)_. - -The sign, then, speaks of the multitudes who should enjoy the blessings of -the Redeemer's work. - -And here we must maintain that "the Church," which is "the Body of -Christ," was a subject that was never revealed to man until it was made -known to the Apostle Paul by a special revelation. The Holy Spirit -declares (Rom. xvi. 25) that it "was kept secret since the world began." -In Eph. iii. 9 he declares that it "from the beginning of the world hath -been hid in God"; and in Col. i. 26, that it "hath been hid from ages and -from generations, but now is made manifest to His saints." In each -scripture which speaks of it as "now made manifest," or "now made known," -it is distinctly stated that it was "a mystery," _i.e._, a _secret_, and -had, up to that moment, been hidden from mankind, hidden "in God." How, -then, we ask, can "the Church," which was _a subsequent_ revelation, be -read into the previous prophecies, whether written in the Old Testament -Scriptures, or made known in the Heavens? If the Church was revealed in -prophecy, then it could not have been said to be hidden or kept secret. If -the _first_ revelation of it was made known to Paul, as he distinctly -affirms it was, then it could not have been revealed before. Unless we see -this very clearly, we cannot "rightly divide the word of truth" (2 Tim. -ii. 15). And if we do not rightly divide the word of truth, in its -subjects, and times, and dispensations, we must inevitably be landed in -confusion and darkness, interpreting of the Church, scriptures which -belong only to Israel. - -The Church, or Body of Christ, is totally distinct from every class of -persons who are made the subject of prophecy. Not that the Church of God -was an after-thought. No, it was a Divine secret, kept as only God Himself -could keep it. The Bible therefore would have been complete (so far as the -Old Testament prophecies are concerned) if the Epistles (which belong only -to the Church) were taken out. The Old Testament would then give us the -kingdom prophesied; the Gospels and Acts, the King and the kingdom offered -and rejected; then the Apocalypse would follow, showing how that promised -kingdom will yet be set up with Divine judgment, power, and glory. - -If these Signs and these star-pictures be the results of inspired -patriarchs, then this Sign of PISCES can refer to "His seed," prophesied -of in Isa. liii.: "He shall see His seed." It must refer to - - - "The nation whose God is the LORD, - And the people whom He hath chosen for His own inheritance." - - (Ps. xxxiii. 12.) - - "Such as be blessed of Him shall inherit the earth." - - (Ps. xxxvii. 22.) - - "The LORD shall increase you more and more, - You and your children, - Ye are blessed of the LORD." - - (Ps. cxv. 14, 15.) - - "Their seed shall be known among the Gentiles. - And their offspring among the people; - All that see them shall acknowledge them, - That they are the seed which the LORD hath blessed." - - (Isa. lxi. 9.) - - "They are the seed of the blessed of the LORD, - And their offspring with them." - - (Isa. lxv. 23.) - - -The prophecy of this Sign was afterwards written in the words of Isa. -xxvi. 15--the song which shall yet be sung in the land of Judah: - - - "Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, - Thou hast increased the nation." - - -And in Isa. ix. 3 (R.V.), speaking of the glorious time when the -government shall be upon the shoulder of the coming King: - - - "Thou hast multiplied the nation, - Thou hast increased their joy." - - -Of that longed-for day Jeremiah sings (xxx. 19): - - - "I will multiply them - And they shall not be few; - I will also glorify them, - And they shall not be small." - - -Ezekiel also is inspired to say: - - - "I will multiply men upon you, - All the house of Israel, even all of it: - And the cities shall be inhabited, - And the wastes shall be builded; - And I will multiply upon you man and beast, - And they shall increase and bring fruit." - - (Ezek. xxxvi. 10, 11.) - - "Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them; - It shall be an everlasting covenant with them! - And I will place them, and multiply them, - And will set My sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore." - - (Ezek. xxxvii. 26.) - - -Indeed, this Sign of PISCES has always been interpreted of Israel. Both -Jews and Gentiles have agreed in this. ABARBANEL, a Jewish commentator, -writing on Daniel, affirms that the Sign PISCES always refers to the -people of Israel. He gives five reasons for this belief, and also affirms -that a conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn always betokens a -crisis in the affairs of Israel. Because such a conjunction took place in -his day (about 1480 A.D.) he looked for the coming of Messiah.(51) - -Certain it is, that when the sun is in PISCES all the constellations which -are considered _noxious_, are seen above the horizon. What is true in -astronomical observation is true also in historical fact. When God's -favour is shown to Israel, "the Jew's enemy" puts forth his malignant -powers. When they increased and multiplied in Egypt, he endeavoured to -compass the destruction of the nation by destroying the male children; but -their great Deliverer remembered His covenant, defeated the designs of the -enemy, and brought the counsel of the heathen to nought. So it was in -Persia; and so it will yet be again when the hour of Israel's final -deliverance has come. - -There can be no doubt that we have in this Sign the foreshowing of the -multiplication and blessing of the children of promise, and a token of -their coming deliverance from all the power of the enemy. - -But why _two_ fishes? and why is one horizontal and the other -perpendicular? The answer is, that not only in Israel, but in the seed of -Seth and Shem there were always those who looked for a heavenly portion, -and were "partakers of a heavenly calling." In Heb. xi. we are distinctly -told that Abraham "looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder -and maker is God" (_v._ 10). They were "strangers and pilgrims on the -earth" (_v._ 13). _Strangers_ are those without a home, and _pilgrims_ are -those who are journeying home: "they seek a country" (_v._ 14). They -desired "a better country, that is, an HEAVENLY: wherefore God is not -ashamed(52) to be called their God; for He hath prepared for them a city" -(_v._ 16). It is clear, therefore, that what are called the "Old Testament -Saints" were "partakers of THE HEAVENLY CALLING" (Heb. iii. 1), which -included a heavenly portion and a heavenly home; and all through the ages -there have been "partakers of the heavenly calling." This is quite -distinct from the calling of the Church, which is from both Jews and -Gentiles to form "one body," a "new man" in Christ (Eph. ii. 15). It must -be distinct, for it is expressly stated at the end of that chapter (Heb. -xi. 40) that God has "PROVIDED (marg. _forseen_) SOME BETTER THING FOR -US." How can this be a "better thing," if it is the _same thing_? There -must be two separate things if one is "better" than the other! Our calling -in Christ is the "better thing." The Old Testament saints had, and will -have, _a good thing_. They will have a heavenly blessing, and a heavenly -portion, for God has "prepared for them a city," and we see that prepared -city, even "the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of -HEAVEN, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband" (Rev. xxi. 2). This -is the "heavenly" portion of the Old Testament saints, the Bride of -Christ. The Church will have a still "better" portion, for "they without -us should not be made perfect" (Heb. xi. 40). - -The fish, shooting upwards to the Polar Star, exquisitely pictures this -"heavenly calling"; while the other fish, keeping on the horizontal line, -answers to those who were content with an earthly portion. - -But both alike were divinely called, and chosen, and upheld. The names of -two of the stars in the sign (not identified) are _Okda_ (Hebrew), _the -united_, and _Al Samaca_ (Arabic), _the upheld_.(53) These again speak of -the redeemed seed, of whom, and to whom, Jehovah speaks in that coming day -of glory in Isa. xli. 8-10 (R.V.):-- - - - "But thou, Israel, My servant, - Jacob, whom I have chosen, - The seed of Abraham My friend; - Thou whom I have taken hold of from the ends of the earth, - And called thee from the corners thereof, - And said unto thee, Thou art My servant; - I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away; - Fear thou not, for I am with thee; - Be not dismayed, for I am thy God! - I will strengthen thee; - Yea, I will help thee; - Yea, I will UPHOLD thee with the right hand of My righteousness." - - -This is the teaching of the Sign; and the first constellation takes up -this thought and emphasises it. - - - -1. THE BAND. - - - _The Redeemed Bound, but binding their Enemy._ - -The band that _unites_ these two fishes has always formed a separate -constellation. It is shown in Plate XXI. The Arabian poems of ANTARAH -frequently mention it as distinct from the Sign with which it is so -closely connected. ANTARAH was an Arabian poet of the sixth century. - -Its ancient Egyptian name was _U-or_, which means _He cometh_. Its Arabic -name is _Al Risha_, _the band_, or _bridle_. - -It speaks of the Coming One, not in His relation to Himself, or to His -enemies, but in His relation to _the Redeemed_. It speaks of Him who says: - - - "I drew them with cords of a man, - With bands of love; - And I was to them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws." - - (Hosea xi. 4, R.V.) - - -But it speaks also of His unloosing the bands with which they have been so -long bound. - -In the picture these fishes are bound. One end of the _band_ is fastened -securely round the tail of one fish, and it is the same with the other. -Moreover, this _band_ is fastened to the neck of _Cetus_, the sea monster, -while immediately above is seen a woman chained as a captive. These both -tell the same story, and, indeed, all are required to set forth the whole -truth. The fishes are _bound_ to _Cetus_; the woman (_Andromeda_) is -chained; but the Deliverer of both is near. Cepheus, the Crowned King, the -Redeemer, "the Breaker," the Branch, is seen coming quickly for the -deliverance of His redeemed. These are the three constellations of this -sign, and all three are required to set forth the story. - -Israel now is bound. The great enemy still oppresses, but deliverance is -sure. ARIES, _the Ram_, is seen with his paws on this band, as though -about to loosen the bands and set the captives free, and to fast bind -their great oppressor. - - - -2. ANDROMEDA (The Chained Woman). - - - _The Redeemed in their Bondage and Affliction._ - -This is a peculiar picture to set in the heavens. A woman with chains -fastened to her feet and arms, in misery and trouble; and bound, helpless, -to the sky. Yet this is the ancient foreshowing of the truth. - -In the Denderah Zodiac her name is _Set_, which means _set_, _set up as a -queen_. In Hebrew it is _Sirra_, _the chained_, and _Persea_, _the -stretched out_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 22: ANDROMEDA (the Chained Woman) - - -There are 63 stars in this constellation, three of which are of the 2nd -magnitude, two of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head), is called _Al Phiratz_ (Arabic), _the -broken down_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the body) is called _Mirach_ (Hebrew), _the -weak_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left foot) is called _Al Maach_, or _Al Amak_ -(Arabic), _struck down_. - -The names of other stars, not identified, are _Adhil_, _the afflicted_; -_Mizar_, _the weak_; _Al Mara_ (Arabic), _the afflicted_. ARATUS speaks of -_Desma_, which means _the bound_, and says-- - - - "Her feet point to her bridegroom - _Perseus_, on whose shoulder they rest." - - -Thus, with one voice, the stars of _Andromeda_ speak to us of the captive -daughter of Zion. And her coming Deliverer thus addresses her:-- - - - "O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, - Behold, ... in righteousness shalt thou be established: - Thou shalt be far from oppression; for thou shalt not fear: - And from terror; for it shall not come nigh thee." - - (Isa. liv. 11-14.) - - "Hear now this, thou afflicted.... - Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; - Put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem.... - Shake thyself from the dust; - Arise, and sit down, O Jerusalem: - Loose thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of - Zion. - For thus saith the LORD, Ye have sold yourselves for nought; - And ye shall be redeemed without money." - - (Isa. li. 21-lii. 3.) - - -"The virgin daughter of My people is broken with a great breach, with a -very grievous blow" (Jer. xiv. 17). - -The picture which sets forth her deliverance is reserved for the next -chapter (or Sign), where it comes in its proper place and order. We are -first shown her glorious Deliverer; for we never, in the heavens or in the -Word, have a reference to the sufferings without an _immediate_ reference -to the glory. - - - -3. CEPHEUS (The King). - - - _Their Redeemer Coming to Rule._ - -Here we have the presentation of a glorious king, crowned, and enthroned -in the highest heaven, with a sceptre in his hand, and his foot planted on -the very Polar Star itself. - -His name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Pe-ku-hor_, which means _this one -cometh to rule_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 23: CEPHEUS (the Crowned King) - - -The Greek name by which he is now known, _Cepheus_, is from the Hebrew, -and means _the branch_, and is called by EURIPIDES _the king_. - -An old Ethiopian name was _Hyk_, _a king_. - -There are 35 stars, _viz._, three of the 3rd magnitude, seven of the 4th, -etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left shoulder), is called _Al Deramin_, -which means _coming quickly_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the girdle), is named _Al -Phirk_ (Arabic), _the Redeemer_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left knee), is called -_Al Rai_, which means _who bruises_ or _breaks_. - -It is impossible to mistake the truth which these names teach. The Greeks, -though they had lost it, yet preserved a trace of it, even in their -perversion of it; for they held that _Cepheus_ was the father of -_Andromeda_, and that _Perseus_ was her husband. - -Yes; this is the glorious King of Israel, the "King of kings, and Lord of -lords." It is He who calls Israel His "son," and will yet manifest it to -all the world. - -In Jer. xxxi., after speaking of Israel's restoration, Jehovah says (_v._ -1):-- - - - "At the same time, saith the LORD, will I be the God of all the - families of Israel, - And they shall be My people.... - For I am a father to Israel, - And Ephraim is My firstborn" - - (_v._ 9). - - -As He said to Moses: "Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my -firstborn" (Exod. iv. 22). - -Here is the foundation of Israel's blessing. True, it is now in abeyance, -but "the LORD reigneth," and will in due time make good His Word, for - - - "The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever. - The thoughts of His heart to all generations." - - (Ps. xxxiii. 11.) - - -This leads us up to the last chapter of the Second Book, which shows us -the fulfilment of all the prophecies concerning the Redeemed and the sure -foundation on which their great hope of glory is based. - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign ARIES (The Ram or Lamb). - - - _The Blessings of the Redeemed Consummated and Enjoyed._ - -This Second Book began with _the Goat_ dying in sacrifice, and it ends -with the Lamb living again, "as it had been slain." The goat had the tail -of a fish, indicating that his death was for a _multitude_ of the -redeemed. In the two middle Signs we have had these fishes presented to us -in grace, and in their conflict. We come now to the last chapter of the -book: and, as we have seen, like each of the other books, it ends up with -victory and triumph. Here we are first shown the foundation on which that -victory rests, namely, Atonement. Hence we are taken back and reminded of -the "blood of the Lamb." - -This is pictured by a ram, or lamb, full of vigour and life; not falling -in death as _Capricornus_ is. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 24: ARIES (the Ram) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac its name is _Tametouris Ammon_, which means _the -reign_, _dominion_, or _government of Ammon_. The lamb's head is without -horns, and is crowned with a circle. - -The Hebrew name is _Taleh_, _the lamb_. The Arabic name is _Al Hamal_, -_the sheep_, _gentle_, _merciful_. This name has been mistakenly given by -some to the principal star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}. The Syriac name is _Amroo_, as in the -Syriac New Testament in John i. 29: "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh -away the sin of the world." The ancient Akkadian name was _Bara-ziggar_. -_Bar_ means _altar_, or _sacrifice_; and _ziggar_ means _right making_; so -that the full name would be _the sacrifice of righteousness_. - -There are 66 stars in this sign, one being of the 2nd magnitude, two of -the 4th, etc. - -Its chief star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the forehead), is named _El Nath_,(54) or _El -Natik_, which means _wounded_, _slain_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left horn), is -called _Al Sheratan_, _the bruised_, _the wounded_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (near to -{~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}), is called _Mesartim_ (Hebrew), _the bound_. - -How is it there is no conflicting voice? How is it that all the stars -unite in one harmonious voice in testifying of the Lamb of God, slain, and -bruised, but yet living for evermore, singing together, "Worthy is the -Lamb that was slain to receive power and riches, and wisdom, and strength, -and honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v. 12)? - -This rejoicing connected with the Lamb shines faintly through the heathen -perversions and myths: for HERODOTUS tells us how the ancient Egyptians, -once a year, when it opened by the entrance of the sun into ARIES,(55) -slew a Ram, at the festival of Jupiter Ammon; branches were placed over -the doors, the Ram was garlanded with wreaths of flowers and carried in -procession. Now the sun entered ARIES on the 14th of the Jewish month -Nisan, and _another lamb_ was then ordered to be slain, even "the LORD'S -passover"--the type of that Lamb that should in the fulness of time be -offered without blemish and without spot. Owing to the precession of the -equinoxes, the sun, at the time of the Exodus, had receded into this sign -of ARIES, which then marked the Spring Equinox. But by the time that the -antitype--the Lamb of God, was slain, the sun had still further receded, -and on the 14th of Nisan, in the year of the Crucifixion, stood at the -very spot marked by the stars {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _El Nath_, _the pierced_, _the wounded_ -or _slain_, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, _Al Sheratan_, _the bruised_ _or wounded_! God so -ordained "the times and seasons" that during that noon-day darkness the -sun was seen near those stars which had spoken for so many centuries of -this bruising of the woman's Seed--the Lamb of God. - -Was this design? or was it chance? It is far easier to believe the former. -It makes a smaller demand upon our faith; yes, we are compelled to believe -that He who created the sun and the stars "for signs and for cycles," -ordained also the times and the seasons, and it is He who tells us that -"WHEN THE FULNESS OF TIME WAS COME, God sent forth His Son" (Gal. iv. 4), -and that "in due time Christ died for the ungodly" (Rom. v. 6). - - - -1. CASSIOPEIA (The Enthroned Woman). - - - _The Captive Delivered, and Preparing for her Husband, the Redeemer._ - -In the last chapter we saw the _woman bound_; here we see the same woman -freed, delivered, and enthroned. - -ULUGH BEY says its Arabic name is _El Seder_, which means _the freed_. - -In the Denderah Zodiac her name is _Set_, which means _set_, _set up as -Queen_. ALBUMAZER says this constellation was anciently called "_the -daughter of splendour_." This appears to be the meaning of the word -_Cassiopeia_, _the enthroned_, _the beautiful_. The Arabic name is -_Ruchba_, _the enthroned_. This is also the meaning of its Chaldee name, -_Dat al cursa_. - -There are 55 stars in this constellation, of which five are of the 3rd -magnitude, five of the 4th, etc. - -This beautiful constellation passes vertically over Great Britain every -day, and is easily distinguished by its five brightest stars, forming an -irregular W. - - [Illustration] - - Illustration showing the W of Cassiopeia - - -This brilliant constellation contains one binary star, a triple star, a -double star, a quadruple star, and a large number of nebulae. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 25: CASSIOPEIA (the Enthroned Woman) - - -In the year 1572 Tycho Brahe discovered in this constellation, and very -near the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (under the arm of the chair), a new star, which shone more -brightly than Venus. It was observed for nearly two years, and disappeared -entirely in 1574. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left breast), is named _Schedir_ (Hebrew), -which means _the freed_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the top of the chair), likewise -bears a Hebrew name--_Caph_, which means _the branch_; it is evidently -given on account of the branch of victory which she bears in her hand. - -She is indeed highly exalted, and making herself ready. Her hands, no -longer bound, are engaged in this happy work. With her right hand she is -arranging her robes, while with her left she is adorning her hair. She is -seated upon the Arctic circle, and close by the side of _Cepheus_, the -King. - -This is "the Bride, the Lamb's wife, the heavenly city, the new -Jerusalem," the "partakers of the heavenly calling." - -He who has redeemed her is "the Lamb that was slain," and He addresses her -thus: - - - "Thy Maker is thine husband; - The LORD of Hosts is His name; - And the Holy One of Israel is thy Redeemer; - The God of the whole earth shall He be called. - For the LORD hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in - spirit, - Even a wife of youth when she is cast off, saith thy God. - For a small moment have I forsaken thee; - But with great mercies will I gather thee. - In overflowing wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; - But with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the - LORD thy Redeemer." - - (Isa. liv. 5-8. R.V.) - - "Thou shalt be a crown of beauty in the hand of the LORD, - And a royal diadem in the hand of thy God, - Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; - Neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate; - But thou shalt be called Hephzi-bah (_i.e._, _my delight is in - her_), - And thy land Beulah (_i.e._, _married_); - For the LORD delighteth in thee, - And thy land shall be married. - For as a young man marrieth a virgin, - So shall thy sons (_Heb._ thy Restorer) marry thee: - And as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, - "So shall thy God rejoice over thee. - - (Isa. lxii. 3-5, R.V.) - - "The LORD hath appeared of old (or from afar) unto me, _saying_, - Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love; - Therefore with loving kindness have I drawn thee. - Again will I build thee, and thou shalt be built, O Virgin of - Israel.... - He that scattered Israel will gather him, - And keep him as a shepherd doth his flock, - For the LORD hath ransomed Jacob, - And redeemed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he." - - (Jer. xxxi. 3-12, R.V.) - - -Can we close our eyes to the testimony of these scriptures--that Israel is -the Bride of the Lamb? When we have all these, and more, why should we -read "the Church" into these ancient prophecies, which was the subject of -a long-subsequent revelation, merely because (in Eph. v. 25) Christ's love -to His Church is _compared_ to a husband's love for his wife? "Husbands, -love your wives, even AS Christ also loved the Church." There is not a -word here about the Church being His wife. On the contrary, it reveals the -secret that the Church of Christ is to be the mystical "Body of Christ," -_part of the Husband_ in fact, "One new man" (Eph. ii. 15)! whereas -restored Israel is to be the Bride of this "New Man," the Bride of Christ, -the Lamb's wife! Blessed indeed it is to be united to Christ as a wife to -a husband, but glorious beyond all description to be "one" with Christ -Himself, part of His mystical Body. - -If men had only realised the wondrous glory of this mystery, they would -never have so _wrongly_ divided the Word of Truth by _interpreting_ Psalm -xlv. of this Mystical Christ. If we "rightly divide" it, we see at once -that this Psalm is in harmony with all the Old Testament scriptures, which -must be interpreted alike, and can be interpreted only of Israel however -they may be _applied_. - -Having spoken of the Godhead and glory of this King (faintly and in part -foreshown by _Cepheus_), the Holy Spirit goes on in the latter part of the -Psalm to speak of the Bride--the Queen: - - - "At Thy right hand doth stand the Queen in gold of Ophir, - Hearken, O daughter, and consider, incline thine ear; - Forget also thine own people, and thy father's house; - So shall the King desire thy beauty;(56) - For He is thy Lord; and worship thou Him.... - The King's daughter within _the palace_ is all glorious; - Her clothing is inwrought with gold, - She shall be led unto the King in broidered work; - The virgins her companions(57) that follow her shall be brought - unto thee," etc. - - (Ps. xlv. 9-17, R.V.) - - -Then shall she sing her Magnificat: - - - "I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, - My soul shall be joyful in my God; - For He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, - He hath covered me with the robe of righteousness, - As a bridegroom decketh _himself_ with ornaments, - And as a bride adorneth _herself_ with her jewels. - For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, - And as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring - forth; - So the Lord GOD [Adonai Jehovah] will cause righteousness and - praise to spring forth before all the nations." - - (Isa. lxi. 10, 11.) - - -This, then, is the truth set forth by this enthroned woman. The blessing -founded on Atonement, and the Redemption wrought by the Lamb that was -slain, result in a glorious answer to Israel's prayer, "Turn our -captivity, O LORD" (Ps. cxxvi. 4): when they that have "sown in tears -shall reap in joy," and the LORD shall loosen her bonds, and place her -enthroned by His side. - -This, however, involves the destruction of her enemy, and this is what we -see in the next section. - - - -2. CETUS (The Sea Monster). - - - _The Great Enemy Bound._ - -When John sees the New Jerusalem, the Bride, the Lamb's wife (Rev. xxi. -10, 2), Satan has been bound already: for we read, a few verses before -(xx. 1-3): "I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the -bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. And he laid hold of the -dragon, that Old Serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him -[_and kept him bound_] a thousand years, and cast him into the bottomless -pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the -nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled." - -This is what we see in the second section of this chapter--the second -constellation in ARIES. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 26: CETUS (the Sea Monster) - - -The picture is that of a great Sea-monster, the largest of all the -constellations. It is the natural enemy of fishes, hence it is placed here -in connection with this last chapter, in which fishes are so prominent. - -It is situated very low down among the constellations--far away towards the -south or lower regions of the sky. - -Its name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Knem_, which means _subdued_. It is -pictured as a monstrous head, trodden under foot by the swine, the natural -enemy of the serpent. The hawk also (another enemy of the serpent) is over -this figure, crowned with a mortar, denoting _bruising_. - -It consists of 97 stars, of which two are of the 2nd magnitude, eight of -the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. - -The names of the stars interpret for us infallibly the meaning of the -picture. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the upper mandible), is named _Menkar_, and -means _the bound_ or _chained enemy_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the tail), is called -_Diphda_, or _Deneb Kaitos_, _overthrown_, or _thrust down_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~} -(in the neck) is named _Mira_, which means _THE REBEL_. Its name is -ominous, for the star is one of the most remarkable. It is very bright, -but it was not till 1596 that it was discovered to be _variable_. It -disappears periodically _seven_ times in _six_ years! It continues at its -brightest for fifteen days together. M. Bade says that during 334 days it -shines with its greatest light, then it diminishes, till it entirely -disappears for some time (to the naked eye). In fact, during that period -it passes through several degrees of magnitude, both increasing and -diminishing. Indeed its variableness is so great as to make it appear -_unsteady_! - -Here, then, is the picture of the Great Rebel as shown in the heavens. -What is it, as written in the Word? - -The Almighty asks man:-- - - - "Canst thou draw out Leviathan with a fish hook? - Or press down his tongue with a cord? - Canst thou put a rope into his nose? - Or pierce his jaw through with a hook?... - Shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him? - None is so fierce that he dare stir him up." - - (Job xli. 1-10, R.V.) - - -But he whom man cannot bind can be bound by the Lamb, and He is seen with -"the Band" that has bound the fishes, now in His hands, which he has -fastened with a bright star to his neck, saying,-- - - - "Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, - Even the dregs of the cup of My fury; - Thou shalt no more drink it again, - But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee." - - (Isa. li. 22, 23.) - - "Behold, the LORD cometh forth out of His place - To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity.... - In that day the LORD, with His sore, and great, and strong sword, - Shall punish Leviathan, the piercing serpent, - And Leviathan, the crooked serpent; - And He shall slay the dragon that is in the sea." - - (Isa. xxvi. 21-xxvii. 1.) - - "For God is my king of old, - Working salvation in the midst of the earth. - Thou didst divide (marg. _Heb._, _break_) the sea by Thy strength, - Thou brakest the heads of the dragons (R.V. marg., _sea monsters_) - in the waters. - Thou brakest the heads of Leviathan in pieces." - - (Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.) - - -And this Second Book closes by revealing to us this glorious "Breaker." - - - -3. PERSEUS ("The Breaker.") - - - _"__The Breaker__"__ delivering His Redeemed._ - -Here we have set before us a mighty man, called in the Hebrew _Peretz_, -from which we have the Greek form _Perses_, or _Perseus_ (Rom. xvi. 13). -It is the same word which is used of Christ in Micah ii. 13. When He shall -surely "gather the remnant of Israel" (_v._ 12), it is written-- - - - "THE BREAKER is gone up before them.... - Their King is passed on before them, - And the LORD at the head of them." - - -This is what is pictured to us here. We see a glorious "Breaker" taking -His place before His redeemed, breaking forth at their head, breaking down -all barriers, and breaking the heads of Leviathan and all his hosts. In -His right hand He has His "sore, and great, and strong sword" lifted up to -smite and break down the enemy. He has wings on His feet, which tell us -that He is coming very swiftly. In His left hand He carries the head of -the enemy, whom he has slain. - -In the Denderah Zodiac His name is _Kar Knem_, _he who fights and -subdues_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 27: PERSEUS (the Breaker) - - -It is a beautiful constellation of 59 stars, two of which are of the 2nd -magnitude, four of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -Their names supply us with the key to the interpretation of the picture. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the waist) is called _Mirfak_, _who helps_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in -the right shoulder), is named _Al Genib_, which means _who carries away_. -The bright star in the left foot is called _Athik_, _who breaks_! - -In his left hand he carries a head, which, by perversion, the Greeks -called the head of Medusa, being ignorant that its Hebrew root meant _the -trodden under foot_.(58) It is also called _Rosh Satan_ (Hebrew), _the -head of the adversary_, and _Al Oneh_ (Arabic), _the subdued_, or _Al -Ghoul_, _the evil spirit_. - -The bright star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in this head), has come down to us with the name _Al -Gol_, which means _rolling round_. - -It is a most remarkable phenomenon that so many of these enemies should be -characterised by variable stars! But this head of _Medusa_, like the neck -of _Cetus_, has one. _Al Gol_ is continually changing. In about 69 hours -it changes from the 4th magnitude to the 2nd. During four hours of this -period it gradually diminishes in brightness, which it recovers in the -succeeding four hours; and in the remaining part of the time invariably -preserves its greatest lustre. After the expiration of this time its -brightness begins to decrease again. Fit emblem of our great enemy, who, -"like a _roaring lion_, goeth about seeking whom he may devour" (1 Pet. v. -8.); then changing into a _subtle serpent_ (Gen. iii. 8.); then changing -again into "an angel of light" (2 Cor. xi. 14.). "Transforming himself" -continually, to devour, deceive, and destroy. - -This brings us to the conclusion of the Second Book, in which we have seen -the Redeemed blessed with all blessings, delivered out of all conflict, -saved from all enemies. We have seen their Redeemer, "the Lamb slain from -the foundation of the world," "the Conqueror," "the King of Kings and Lord -of Lords." - -This is the Revelation recorded in the heavens. This is the prophetic -testimony inspired in the Book. And this is the heart-cry prompted by -both:-- - - - "Come, Lord, and tarry not, - Bring the long-looked-for day; - Oh, why these years of waiting here, - These ages of delay? - - Come, for Thy saints still wait; - Daily ascends their cry: - 'The Spirit and the Bride say, Come'; - Dost Thou not hear their cry? - - Come, for creation groans, - Impatient of Thy stay; - Worn out with these long years of ill, - These ages of delay. - - Come, for Thine Israel pines, - An exile from Thy fold; - Oh, call to mind Thy faithful word, - And bless them as of old. - - Come, for Thy foes are strong; - With taunting lips they say, - 'Where is the promised advent now, - And where the dreaded day?' - - Come, for the good are few; - They lift the voice in vain; - Faith waxes fainter on the earth, - And love is on the wane. - - Come, in Thy glorious might; - Come, with Thine iron rod; - Disperse Thy foes before Thy face, - Most mighty Son of God. - - Come, and make all things new, - Build up this ruined earth; - Restore our faded paradise, - Creation's second birth. - - Come, and begin Thy reign - Of everlasting peace; - Come, take the kingdom to Thyself, - Great King of Righteousness." - - _Dr. Horatius Bonar._ - - - - - -THE THIRD BOOK. THE REDEEMER. - - - HIS SECOND COMING. - -In this Third and Last Book we come to the concluding portion of this -Heavenly Revelation. Its subject is Redemption completed, and consummated -in triumph. No more sorrow, suffering, or conflict; no more the bruising -of the heel of the Redeemer. We have now done with the prophecies of "the -sufferings of Christ," and have come to those that relate to "the glory -that should follow." - -No more reference now to His _first_ coming in humiliation. No more coming -"forth" to suffer and die, a sacrifice for sins; the reference now is only -to His second coming in glory; His coming "unto" this earth is not to -suffer for sin (Heb. ix. 28.), but it will be a coming in power to judge -the earth in righteousness, and to subdue all enemies under His feet. - -Like the other two books, it consists of four chapters. - -The _first_ chapter is the prophecy of the coming Judge of all the earth. - -The _second_ sets before us the two-fold nature of the coming Ruler. - -The _third_ shows us Messiah's redeemed possessions--the Redeemed brought -safely home, all conflict over. - -The _fourth_ describes Messiah's consummated triumph. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign TAURUS (The Bull). - - - _Messiah, the coming Judge of all the Earth._ - -The picture is that of a Bull rushing forward with mighty energy and -fierce wrath, his horns set so as to push his enemies, and pierce them -through and destroy them. - -It is a prophecy of Christ, the coming Judge, and Ruler, and "Lord of all -the earth." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 28: TAURUS (the Bull) - - -The Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah already, 4,000 years ago, had forgotten -the truth to which the prophecy had referred, and called him _Isis_, -_i.e._, _who saves or delivers_, and _Apis_, _i.e._, _the head or chief_. -The Bull is clearly represented, and in all the zodiacs which have come -down to us is always in the _act of pushing_, or _rushing_. - -The name of the sign in Chaldee is {~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Tor_. Hence, Arabic, _Al -Thaur_; Greek, _Tauros_; Latin, _Taurus_, etc. The more common Hebrew name -was {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Shur_, which is from a root which means both _coming_ and -_ruling_. There are several Hebrew words for bulls and oxen, etc. But the -common poetical term for all is {~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}, _Reem_, conveying the idea of -loftiness, exaltation, power, and pre-eminence. We find the root in other -kindred languages (Etruscan, Sanscrit, etc.), and it can be traced in the -name of Abram, which means _pre-eminent_ or _high father_; _Ramah_, _high -place_, etc. - -The stars in Taurus present a brilliant sight. There are at least 141 -stars, besides two important groups of stars, which both form integral -parts of the sign. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the bull's eye), has a Chaldee name--_Al -Debaran_, and means _the leader_ or _governor_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (at the tip of -the left horn) has an Arabic name--_El Nath_, meaning _wounded_ or _slain_. -Another prophetic intimation that this coming Lord should be first slain -as a sacrifice. - -Then there is the cluster of stars known as the _Pleiades_. This word, -which means _the congregation of the judge_ or _ruler_, comes to us -through the Greek Septuagint as the translation of the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, -_Chima_, which means _the heap_ or _accumulation_, and occurs in Job ix. -9; xxxviii. 31, 32, and Amos v. 8. - -It consists of a number of stars (in the neck of Taurus) which appear to -be near together. The brightest of them, marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} in all the maps,(59) has -come down to us with an Arabic name--_Al Cyone_, which means _the centre_, -and has given the idea to some astronomers that it is the centre of the -whole universe. The Syriac name for the Pleiades is _Succoth_, which means -_booths_. - -Another group of stars (on the face of the Bull) is known as _The -Hyades_,(60) which has the similar meaning of _the congregated_. - -Other stars, not identified, are named _Palilicium_ (Hebrew), _belonging -to the judge_; _Wasat_ (Arabic), _centre_ or _foundation_; _Al Thuraiya_ -(Arabic), _the abundance_; _Vergiliae_ (Latin), _the centre_ (Arabic, -_vertex_) _turned on_, _rolled round_. - -Every thing points to the important truth, and all _turns_ on the fact -that the Lord is COMING TO RULE! This is the central truth of all -prophecy. "The testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy." All hope for -Creation, all hope for the world, all hope for Israel, all hope for the -Church, turns on this, that "Jesus is coming again," and that when He -comes His saints, "the daughters of the King" (like the Pleiades and -Hyades), will be with Him. - -There is nothing of "the Church" revealed here. The Church will be caught -up to meet the Lord in the air, to be for ever with the Lord (1 Thess. iv. -17) _before_ He thus _comes unto_ the world in judgment. He will _come -forth_ to receive the members of His Body unto Himself, before He thus -comes with them to destroy all His enemies and "judge (or rule) the world -in righteousness." When we read this Sign of Taurus, therefore, we are to -understand that His Church will be _with_ Him, safe from all judgment. - -There is very much in the Scripture of the Book, (as there is in the -prophecies in the heavens) about the coming of the Lord in judgment; and -about this time of His indignation. For Enoch, who doubtless was used in -arranging these prophetic _signs_, uttered the prophetic _words_, "Behold -the Lord cometh with ten thousands of His saints to execute judgment upon -all and to convict all that are ungodly" (Jude 14, 15). - -We have said (pages 17, etc.) that at a very early period these signs were -appropriated to the Twelve Tribes of Israel, and borne upon their -"standards." This may be traced in the Blessing of Jacob (Gen. xlix.), and -in the Blessing of Moses (Deut. xxxiii.). Taurus was assigned to Joseph, -or rather to his two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, like the two powerful -horns: - - - "The firstling of his bullock (marg. _his firstling - bullock_)--majesty is his, - And his horns are the horns of the wild-ox (_Reem_). - With them he shall PUSH (marg. _gore_) the peoples, all of them, - even the ends of the earth. - And they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, - And they are the thousands of Manasseh." - - (Deut. xxxiii, 17, R.V.) - - -It is not, however, merely by men alone that this will be done, for David -sings: - - - "Thou art my King, O GOD.... - Through Thee will we PUSH down our enemies; - Through Thy Name will we tread them under that rise up against - us." - - (Ps. xliv. 5.) - - "I will punish the world for their evil, - And the wicked for their iniquity; - I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, - And will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.... - Every one that is found shall be THRUST THROUGH." - - (Isa. xiii. 11-15.) - - -Speaking of that day, the Holy Spirit says by Isaiah: - - - For the LORD hath indignation against all the nations," - And fury against all their host: - He hath utterly destroyed them, - He hath delivered them to the slaughter.... - The LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, - And a great slaughter in the land of Edom, - And the wild oxen [_Reem_] shall come down with them, - And the bullocks with the bulls; - And their land shall be drunken with blood, - And their dust made fat with fatness. - For it is the day of the LORD'S vengeance, - The year of recompense in the controversy of Zion." - - (Isa. xxxiv. 2-8, R.V.) - - "Behold, the LORD cometh forth out of His place - To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: - The earth also shall disclose her blood, - And shall no more cover her slain." - - (Isa. xxvi. 21.) - - -This is the united testimony of the two Revelations. It is pictured in the -heavens, and it is written in the Book. It is the prophecy of a coming -Judge, and of a coming judgment. - -It is, however, no mere _Bull_ that is coming. It is a man, a glorious -man, even "the Son of Man." This is the first development, shown in the -first of the three constellations belonging to the sign. - - - -1. ORION (The Coming Prince). - - - _Light Breaking Forth in the Redeemer._ - - [Illustration] - - Plate 29: ORION (the Glorious One) - - -This picture is to show that the coming one is no mere animal, but a man: -a mighty, triumphant, glorious prince. - -He is so pictured in the ancient Denderah Zodiac, where we see a man -coming forth pointing to the three bright stars (_Rigel_, _Bellatrix_, and -_Betelguez_) as his. His name is given as _Ha-ga-t_, which means _this is -he who triumphs_. The hieroglyphic characters below read _Oar_. Orion was -anciently spelt _Oarion_, from the Hebrew root, which means _light_. So -that Orion means _coming forth as light_. The ancient Akkadian was _Ur- -ana_, _the light of heaven_. - -Orion is the most brilliant of all the constellations, and when he comes -to the meridian he is accompanied by several adjacent constellations of -great splendour. There is then above the horizon the most glorious view of -the celestial bodies that the starry firmament affords; and this -magnificent view is visible to all the habitable world, because the -equinoctial line (or solstitial colure) passes nearly through the middle -of Orion. - -ARATUS thus sings of him:-- - - - "Eastward, beyond the region of the Bull, - Stands great Orion. And who, when night is clear, - Beholds him gleaming bright, shall cast his eyes in vain - To find a Sign more glorious in all heaven." - - -The constellation is mentioned by name, as being perfectly well known both -by name and appearance, in the time of Job; and as being an object of -familiar knowledge at that early period of the world's history. See Job -ix. 9; xxxviii. 31, and Amos v. 8 (Heb. {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _Chesil_, which means _a -strong one_, _a hero_, or _giant_). - -It contains 78 stars, two being of the 1st magnitude, four of the 2nd, -four of the 3rd, sixteen of the 4th, etc. - -A little way below {~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~} (in the sword) is a very remarkable nebulous star. A -common telescope will show that it is a beautiful nebula. A powerful -telescope reveals it as consisting of collections of nebulous stars, these -again being surrounded by faint luminous points, which still more powerful -telescopes would resolve into separate stars. - -Thus beautifully is set forth the brilliancy and glory of that _Light_ -which shall break forth when the moment comes for it to be said, "Arise, -shine, for thy light is come." - -The picture presents us with "the Light of the world." His left foot is -significantly placed upon the head of the enemy. He is girded with a -glorious girdle, studded with three brilliant stars; and upon this girdle -is hung a sharp sword. Its handle proves that this mighty Prince is come -forth in a new character. He is again proved to be "the Lamb that was -slain," for the hilt of this sword is in the form of the head and body of -a lamb. In his right hand he lifts on high his mighty club; while in his -left he holds forth the token of his victory--the head and skin of the -"roaring lion." We ask in wonder, "Who is this?"(61) and the names of the -stars give us the answer. - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the right shoulder), is named _Betelgeuz_, which -means _the coming_ (Mal. iii. 2) _of the branch_. - -The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left foot), is named _Rigel_, or _Rigol_, which means -_the foot that crusheth_. The foot is lifted up, and placed immediately -over the head of the enemy, as though in the very act of crushing it. -Thus, the name of the star bespeaks the act. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left shoulder), is called _Bellatrix_, which -means _quickly coming_, or _swiftly destroying_. - -The name of the fourth star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (one of the three in the belt), carries us -back to the old, old story, that this glorious One was once humbled; that -His heel was once bruised. Its name is _Al Nitak_, _the wounded One_.(62) -Similarly the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (in the right leg) is called _Saiph_, _bruised_, -which is the very word used in Gen. iii. 15, thus connecting Orion with -the primeval prophecy. Like Ophiuchus, he has one leg _bruised_; while, -with the other, he is _crushing_ the enemy under foot. - -This is betokened by other stars, not identified, named _Al Rai_, _who -bruises_, _who breaks_ (as in _Cepheus_); and _Thabit_ (Hebrew), _treading -on_. - -Other (Arabic) names relate to His Person: _Al Giauza_, _the branch_; _Al -Gebor_, _the mighty_; _Al Mirzam_, _the ruler_; _Al Nagjed_, _the prince_; -_Niphla_ (Chaldee), _the mighty_; _Nux_ (Hebrew), _the strong_. - -Some names relate to His coming, as _Betelgeuse_ and _Bellatrix_, as -above; _Heka_ (Chaldee), _coming_; and _Meissa_ (Hebrew), _coming forth_. - -Such is the cumulative testimony of Orion's stars, which, day after day, -and night after night, show forth this knowledge. That testimony was -afterwards written in the Book. The Prince of Glory, who was once wounded -for the sins of His redeemed, is about to rise up and shine forth for -their deliverance. Their redemption draweth nigh; for-- - - - "The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, - He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war; - He shall cry, yea, roar; - He shall prevail against His enemies. - I have [_He says_] long time holden my peace; - I have been still, and refrained myself: - Now will I cry like a travailing woman; - I will destroy and devour at once." - - (Isa. xlii. 13, 14.) - - -Then it will be said to His people (and the setting of the prophecy in its -beautiful introverted structure shows us the beauty and glory of the truth -it reveals):(63) - - - a | _Arise_, - b | Shine; for _thy light_ is come, - c | And _the glory of the _LORD is risen upon thee. - d | For, behold, the _darkness_ shall cover the earth, - _d_ | And gross _darkness_ the people; - _c_ | But _the _LORD shall arise upon thee, and _His - glory_ shall be seen upon thee. - _b_ | And the Gentiles shall come to _thy light_, - _a_ | And kings to the brightness of thy _rising_. - - (Isa. lx. 1-3.) - - -This is "the glory of God" which the heavens constantly declare (Ps. xix. -1). They tell of that blessed time when the whole earth shall be filled -with His glory (Num. xiv. 21; Isa. xi. 9); when "the glory of the LORD -shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together" (Isa. xl. 5), as -all see now the beauty of Orion's glory. - -But side by side with the glory which the coming Light of the world shall -bring for His people, there is "that wicked," whom the Lord "shall destroy -with the brightness of His coming." Hence, as in the concluding chapter -(IV.) of the _First_ Book (of which this _Third_ Book is the expansion) we -had in LYRA (_the harp_), as 1, Praise prepared for the Conqueror; and -in ARA (_the burning pyre_), as 2, Consuming fire prepared for His -enemies: so in the _first_ chapter of this book, we have in ORION, as 1, -Glory prepared for the Conqueror; and in ERIDANUS, as 2, the River of -wrath prepared for His enemies. This brings us to-- - - - -2. ERIDANUS (The River of the Judge). - - - _The River of Wrath Breaking Forth for His Enemies._ - -It issues forth, in all the pictures, from the down-coming foot of Orion. -While others see in it, from the ignorance of fabled story, only "the -River Po," or the "River Euphrates," we see in it, from the meaning of its -name, and from the significance of its position, _the river of the Judge_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 30: ERIDANUS (the River) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac it is a river under the feet of Orion. It is named -_Peh-ta-t_, which means _the mouth of the river_. - -It is an immense constellation, and our diagram is on a smaller scale than -the others (which are all in relative proportion, except where otherwise -noted). - -According to the Britannic catalogue, it consists of 84 stars; one of the -1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, eight of the 3rd, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (at the mouth of the river), bears the ancient name -of _Achernar_, which is in, as its name means, _the after part of the -river_. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (at the source of the river), is named _Cursa_, which -means _bent down_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (at the second bend in the river), is -called _Zourac_ (Arabic), _flowing_. Other stars, not identified, are -_Pheat_, _mouth_ (of the river); and _Ozha_, _the going forth_. - -Here, then, we have a river flowing forth from before the glorious -_Orion_. It runs in a serpentine course towards the lower regions, down, -down, out of sight. In vain the sea monster, _Cetus_, strives to stop its -flow. It is "the river of the Judge," and speaks of that final judgment in -which the wicked will be cast into the lake of fire. It was evidently -originally associated with _fire_; for the Greek myths, though gross -perversions, still so connect it. According to their fables, something -went wrong with the chariot of the sun, and a universal conflagration was -threatened. In the trouble, _Phaeton_ (probably a reference to the star -_Pheat_) was killed and hurled into this river, in which he was consumed -with its fire. The whole earth suffered from such a burning heat that -great disasters ensued. We see from this myth two great facts preserved in -the perverted tradition, _viz._, _judgment_ and _fire_. - -ARATUS also preserves the connection,-- - - - "For yonder, trod by heavenly feet, - Wind the scorched waters of Eridanus' tear-swollen flood, - Welling beneath Orion's uplifted foot." - - -Is not this the testimony afterwards written in _the Book_? Daniel sees -this very river in his vision of that coming day, when the true Orion -shall come forth in His glory. He says, "I beheld till the thrones were -placed, and one that was ancient of days did sit:... His throne was fiery -flames, and the wheels thereof burning fire. A FIERY STREAM ISSUED AND -CAME FORTH FROM BEFORE HIM." This is _the River of the Judge_; for he goes -on to say, "the judgment was set, and the books were opened" (Dan. vii. -9-11, R.V.). - -We have the same in Ps. xcvii. 3-5 (R.V.), which describes the scene when -the Lord shall reign: - - - "A FIRE GOETH BEFORE HIM, - And burneth up His adversaries round about. - His lightnings lightened the world: - The earth saw and trembled, - The hills melted like wax at the presence of the LORD, - At the presence of the Lord of the whole earth." - - -So again in Ps. l. 3, we read: - - - "Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence, - A FIRE SHALL DEVOUR BEFORE HIM, - And it shall be very tempestuous round about Him." - - -By Habakkuk the coming of the Lord is described; and it is written: - - - "His brightness was as the light, ... - Before Him went the pestilence, - And burning coals went forth at His feet." - - (Hab. iii. 5.) - - -What is this but _Orion_ and _Eridanus_! - -Again, it is written in Isaiah xxx. 27-33 (R.V.): - - - "Behold, the name of the LORD cometh from far, - Burning with His anger, and in thick rising smoke: - His lips are full of indignation, - And His tongue is as a DEVOURING FIRE: - And His breath is as AN OVERFLOWING STREAM [_of fire_].... - For a Topheth is prepared of old; - Yea, for the king [_Moloch_] it is made ready; - He hath made it deep and large; - The pile thereof is FIRE and much wood; - The breath of the LORD, LIKE A STREAM OF BRIMSTONE, doth kindle - it." - - -So, again, we read in Nahum i. 5, 6: - - - "The mountains quake at Him, - And the hills melt; - And the earth is burned up at His presence, - Yea, the world and all that dwell therein. - Who can stand before His indignation? - And who can abide in the fierceness of His anger? - His fury is POURED OUT LIKE FIRE." - - -In Isa. lxvi. 15, 16, we read: - - - "For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, - And with His chariots like a whirlwind, - To render His anger with fury, - And His rebuke with FLAMES OF FIRE, - For BY FIRE, and by His sword, will the LORD plead with all - flesh." - - -With this agree the New Testament scriptures, which speak of "the Day of -the Lord," "when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with His -mighty angels, IN FLAMING FIRE taking vengeance on them that know not God, -and that obey not the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ" (2 Thess. i. 7, 8). - -This is the true Eridanus. It is no mere "picture." It is a dread reality! -It is written in stars of fire, and words of truth, that men may heed the -solemn warning and "flee from the wrath to come"! - -But we ask, "Who may abide the day of His coming? and who shall stand when -He appeareth" (Mal. iii. 2)? "Who can stand before His indignation," when -"His fury is poured out like fire" (Nah. i. 6)? - -The answer is given in the next picture! - - - -3. AURIGA (The Shepherd). - - - _Safety for the Redeemed in the Day of Wrath._ - -Here is presented to us the answer to the question, "Who may abide the day -of His coming?" - - - "Behold, the Lord GOD (Adonai Jehovah) will come as a mighty one, - And His arm shall rule for Him: - Behold, His reward is with Him, - And His recompense before Him. - He shall feed His flock like a shepherd, - He shall gather the lambs in His arm, - And carry them in His bosom, - And shall gently lead those that give suck." - - (Isa. xl. 10, 11. R.V.) - - -This is exactly what is presented before us in this last section of the -chapter, which tells of the coming judgment. We have had the picture of a -mighty _Bull_ rushing forth; then the fiery river of _the Judge_; and now -we see _a Great Shepherd_. He is seated upon "the milky way," holding up -on his left shoulder a she goat. She clings to his neck, and is looking -down affrighted at the terrible on-rushing Bull. In his left hand he -supports two little kids, apparently just born, and bleating, and -trembling with fear. - -ARATUS says,-- - - - "She is both large and bright, but they--the kids-- - Shine somewhat feebly on _Auriga's_ wrist." - - -Is not this the Great Shepherd gathering the lambs in His arm? and -carrying them in His bosom? Is He not saying: - - - "I will save My flock, - And they shall no more be a prey." - - (Ezek. xxxiv. 22.) - - "And David my servant shall be king over them, - And they shall have one shepherd." - - (_ib._ xxxvii. 24.) - - "And they shall fear no more, - Nor be dismayed, - Neither shall they be lacking, saith the LORD." - - (Jer. xxiii. 4.) - - - [Illustration] - - Plate 31: AURIGA (the Shepherd) - - -AURIGA is from a Hebrew root which means _a shepherd_. It is a beautiful -constellation of 66 stars; one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, nine -of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body of the goat), points her out as the -prominent feature of the constellation, for its name _Alioth_ (Hebrew) -means _a she goat_. It is known by the modern Latin name _Capella_, which -has the same meaning. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the shepherd's right arm), is called _Menkilinon_, -and means the _band_, or _chain of the goats_, and points out the truth -that they are never more to be lost again, but to be bound, with the bands -of love, to the Shepherd for evermore. - -The name of another star is _Maaz_, which means _a flock of goats_. - -Can there be any mistake as to who this Shepherd is? for the bright star -in his right foot is called _El Nath_(64) (like another in ARIES), which -means _wounded_ or _slain_. This is He, then, who was once bruised or -wounded in the heel. He is "the GOOD Shepherd," who gave His life for the -sheep (John x. 11), but He was "the GREAT Shepherd" brought again from the -dead (Heb. xiii. 20); and is now the CHIEF Shepherd (1 Pet. v. 4) seen in -the day of His coming glory. Another star emphasises this truth, for it is -named _Aiyuk_, which also means _wounded_ in the foot.(65) - -The star marking the kids is called _Gedi_ (Hebrew), _kids_. - -In Latin, the word _Auriga_ means a _coachman_ or _charioteer_, the band -in his right hand being taken as his _reins_. But the incongruity of a -_charioteer_ carrying a she-goat, and nursing two little kids, never -struck them; nor did the fact that he has no chariot and no horses! When -man blunders in the things of God, he does it thoroughly! - -In the Zodiac of Denderah the same truth was revealed more than 4,000 -years ago; but the Man, instead of carrying the sheep, is carrying a -sceptre, and is called _Trun_, which means _sceptre_ or _power_. But this -is a strange sceptre, for at the top it has the head of a goat, and at the -bottom, below the hand that holds it, it ends in a cross! With the -Egyptians the cross was a sign of _life_. They knew nothing of "the death -of the cross." Here, then, we see _life_ and _salvation_ for the sheep of -His flock when He comes to reign and rule in judgment. The truth is -precisely the same, though the presentation of it is somewhat varied. - -The connected teaching of the two constellations, _Eridanus_ and _Auriga_, -is solemnly set forth in Mal. iv. 1-3 (R.V.): - - - "Behold, the day cometh, - It burneth as a furnace; - And all the proud, and all that work wickedness, shall be stubble: - And the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of - hosts, - That it shall leave them neither root nor branch. - BUT UNTO YOU that fear My name shall the Sun of Righteousness - arise with healing in His wings; - And ye shall go forth and gambol as calves of the stall. - And ye shall tread down the wicked; - For they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet - In the day that I do make (marg. _do this_), saith the LORD of - hosts." - - -In Psalm xxxvii. this day is repeatedly referred to, the day when "the -wicked shall be cut off"; and it concludes by summarizing the same great -truth (_vv._ 38-40, R.V.): - - - "As for transgressors, they shall be destroyed together; - The latter end of the wicked shall be cut off, - But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD: - He is their stronghold in the time of trouble, - And the LORD helpeth them, and rescueth them; - He rescueth them from the wicked and saveth them, - Because they have taken refuge in Him." - - -Oh, that all who read these pages may heed the solemn warning, and flee -for refuge to Him who now, in this day of grace, is crying, "Look unto me, -and be ye saved, O all ye ends of the earth" (Isa. xlv. 22). - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign GEMINI (The Twins). - - - _Messiah's Reign as Prince of Peace._ - -All the pictures of this sign are confused. The Greeks claimed to have -invented them, and they called them Apollo and Hercules. They are given in -our illustration. The Latins called the Castor and Pollux; and the name of -a vessel in which Paul sailed is so called in Acts xxviii. 11, {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}. - -The name in the ancient Denderah Zodiac is _Clusus_, or _Claustrum Hori_, -which means _the place of Him who cometh_. It is represented by two human -figures walking, or coming. The second appears to be a woman. The other -appears to be a man. It is a tailed figure, the tail signifying _He -cometh_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 32: GEMINI (the Twins) - - -The old Coptic name was _Pi-Mahi_, _the united_, as in brotherhood. Not -necessarily united by being born at the same time, but _united_ in one -fellowship or brotherhood. The Hebrew name is _Thaumim_, which means -_united_. The root is used in Exod. xxvi. 24: "They (the two boards) shall -be coupled together beneath." In the margin we read, "Heb. _twinned_" -(R.V. double). The Arabic _Al Tauman_ means the same. - -We need not trouble ourselves with the Grecian myths, even though we can -see through them the original and ancient truth. The two were both heroes -of peculiar and extraordinary birth--sons of Jupiter. They were supposed to -appear at the head of armies; and as they had cleared the seas of pirates, -they were looked upon as the patron saints of navigation. (Hence the name -of the ship in Acts xxviii. 11.) They were held in high esteem both by -Greeks and Romans; and the common practice of taking oaths and of swearing -by their names has descended even to our own day in the still surviving -vulgar habit of swearing "By Gemini!" - -The more ancient star-names help us to see through all these and many -other myths, and to discern Him of whom they testify; even Him in His -twofold nature--God and Man--and His twofold work of suffering and glory, -and His twofold coming in humiliation and in triumph. - -There are 85 stars in the sign: two of the 2nd magnitude, four of the 3rd, -six of the 4th, etc. - -The name of {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head of the one at our right hand) is called -_Apollo_, which means _ruler_, or _judge_; while {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head of the -other) is called _Hercules_, _who cometh to labour_, or _suffer_. Another -star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in his left foot), is called _Al Henah_, which means _hurt_, -_wounded_, or _afflicted_. Can we have a doubt as to what is the meaning -of this double presentation? In _Ophiuchus_ we have the two in one person: -the crushed enemy, and the wounded heel. But here the two great primeval -truths are presented in two persons; for He was "two persons in one God," -"God and man in one Christ." As man, suffering for our redemption; as God, -glorified for our complete salvation and final triumph. A star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -centre of his body), is called _Waset_, which means _set_, and tells of -Him who "set His face like a flint" to accomplish this mighty Herculean -work; and, when the time was come, "steadfastly set His face to go" to -complete it. - -He bears in his right hand (in some pictures) a palm branch. In the one -from which our illustration is taken, it is a club; but both the club of -this one and the bow of the other are _in repose_! These united ones are -neither in action nor are they preparing for action, but they are _at -rest_ and _in peace_ after victory won. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the knee of the -other, "Apollo") is called _Mebsuta_, which means _treading under feet_. -The names of other stars, which are not identified, have come down to us -with the same testimony. One is called _Propus_ (Hebrew), _the branch_, -_spreading_; another is called _Al Giauza_ (Arabic), _the palm branch_; -another is named _Al Dira_ (Arabic), _the seed_, or _branch_. - -The day has here come to fulfil the prophecies concerning Him who is "the -Branch," "the Branch of Jehovah," "the man whose name is the Branch." - - - "In that day shall the Branch of Jehovah be beautiful and - glorious; - And the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely - For them that are escaped of Israel." - - (Isa. iv. 2.) - - "Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, - And princes shall rule in judgment; - And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind." - - (Isa. xxxii. 1, 2.) - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, - And He shall reign as King and deal wisely, - And shall execute judgment and justice in the land. - In His days Judah shall be saved, - And Israel shall dwell safely: - And this is His name whereby He shall be called, - The LORD is our Righteousness." - - (Jer. xxiii. 5, 6, R.V.) - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will perform that good word which I have spoken - Concerning the house of Israel and concerning the house of Judah. - In those days, and at that time. - Will I cause a Branch of Righteousness to grow up unto David; - And He shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land." - - (Jer. xxxiii. 14, 15, R.V.) - - -This is what we see in this sign--Messiah's peaceful reign. All is rest and -repose. We see "His days," in which "the righteous shall flourish; and -abundance of peace, so long as the moon endureth" (Ps. lxxii.). - -But, for this blessed time to come, there must be no enemy! All enemies -must be subdued. - -This brings us to the first section of this book. - - - -1. LEPUS (the Hare), THE ENEMY. - - - _The Enemy Trodden under Foot._ - -The names of the three constellations of this Sign, as well as the -pictures, are all more or less modern, as is manifest from the names being -in _Latin_, and having no relation to the ancient names of their stars. To -learn their real meaning, therefore, we must have recourse to the ancient -Zodiacs. In the Persian planisphere the first constellation was pictured -by a _serpent_. In the Denderah (Egyptian) Zodiac it is an unclean bird -standing on the serpent, which is under the feet of Orion. Its name there -is given as _Bashti-beki_. _Bashti_ means _confounded_, and _Beki_ means -_failing_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 33: LEPUS (the Hare) or ENEMY - - -ARATUS says,-- - - - "Below Orion's feet, the Hare - Is chased eternally." - - -It is a small constellation of 19 stars (all small), three of which are of -the 3rd magnitude, seven of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body), has a Hebrew name, _Arnebo_, which means -_the enemy of Him that cometh_. The Arabic, _Arnebeth_, means the same. -Other stars, not identified, are _Nibal_, _the mad_; _Rakis_, _the bound_ -(Arabic, _with a chain_); _Sugia_, _the deceiver_. - -There can be no mistaking the voice of this united testimony. For this -enemy is under the down-coming foot of Orion, and it tells of the blessed -fact that when the true Orion, "the Sun of Righteousness, shall arise," -and "the true light" shall shine over all the earth, He "shall tread down -the wicked" (Mal. iv.), and every enemy will be subdued under His feet. -"It is He that shall tread down our enemies" (Ps. lx. 12), as He has said: - - - "I will tread them in Mine anger, - And trample them in My fury ... - For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart, - And the year of My redeemed is come." - - (Isa. lxiii. 3, 4.) - - - -2. CANIS MAJOR (The Dog), or SIRIUS (The Prince). - - - _The coming Glorious Prince of Princes (Sirius)._ - -This second constellation carries on the teaching, and tells of the -glorious Prince who will thus subdue and reign. - -In the Denderah Zodiac he is called _Apes_, which means _the head_. He is -pictured as a hawk (_Naz_, {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~}, _caused to come forth_, _coming swiftly -down_). The hawk is the natural enemy of the serpent, and here it has on -its head a pestle and mortar, indicating the fact that he shall crush the -head of the enemy. - -In the Persian planisphere it is pictured as _a wolf_, and is called -_Zeeb_, which in Hebrew ({~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}) has the same meaning. Plutarch translates -it {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _Leader_. In Arabic it means _coming quickly_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 34: CANIS MAJOR (the Dog) and CANIS MINOR (the Second Dog) - - -Its ancient name and meaning must be obtained from the names of its stars -which have come down to us. There are 64 altogether. Two are of the 1st -magnitude, two of the 2nd, four of the 3rd, four of the 4th, etc. Of these -{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head) is the brightest in the whole heavens! It is called -_Sirius_, _the Prince_ ({~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Sar_), as in Isa. ix. 6. - -_Sirius_(66) was, by the ancients, always associated with great heat. And -the hottest part of the year we still call "the dog days," though, through -the variation as observed in different latitudes, and the precession of -the equinoxes, its rising has long ceased to have any relation to those -days. Virgil says that Sirius - - - "With pestilential heat infects the sky." - - -Homer spoke of it as a star - - - "Whose burning breath - Taints the red air with fevers, plagues, and death." - - -It is not, however, of its heat that its name speaks, but of the fact that -it is the brightest of all the stars, as He of whom it witnesses is the -"Prince of princes," "the Prince of the Kings of the earth." - -Though this "Dog-Star" came to have an ill-omened association, it was not -so in more ancient times. In the ancient Akkadian it is called _Kasista_, -which means _the Leader_ and Prince of the heavenly host. While (as Mr. -Robert Brown, Junr., points out) "the Sacred Books of Persia contain many -praises of the star _Tistrya_ or _Tistar_ (_Sirius_), 'the chieftain of -the East.' "(67) - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left fore foot), speaks the same truth. It is -named _Mirzam_, and means _the prince_ or _ruler_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the -body) is called _Wesen_, _the bright_, _the shining_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -right hind leg) is called _Adhara_, _the glorious_. - -Other stars, not identified, bear their witness to the same fact. Their -names are--_Aschere_ (Hebrew), _who shall come_; _Al Shira Al Jemeniya_ -(Arabic), _the Prince or chief of the right hand_! _Seir_ (Egyptian), _the -Prince_; _Abur_ (Hebrew), _the mighty_; _Al Habor_ (Arabic), _the mighty_; -_Muliphen_ (Arabic), _the leader_, _the chief_. - -Here there is no conflicting voice; no discord in the harmonious testimony -to Him whose name is called "Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God ... the -Prince of Peace" (Isa. ix. 6). - -The names of the stars have no meaning whatever as applied to an Egyptian -Hawk, or a Greek Dog. But they are full of significance when we apply them -to Him of whom Jehovah says: - - - "Behold, I have given Him for a witness to the people, - A LEADER and commander to the people." - - (Isa. lv. 4.) - - -This is "the Prince of princes" (Dan. viii. 23, 25) against whom, "when -transgressors are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance ... shall -stand up," "but he shall be broken without hand," for he shall be -destroyed "with the brightness of His coming" (2 Thess. ii. 8). This is He -who shall come forth "King of kings and Lord of Lords" (Rev. xix. 16). - -But Sirius has a companion, and this brings us to-- - - - -3. CANIS MINOR (The Second Dog). - - - _The Exalted Redeemer (Procyon)._ - -The same facts are to be remembered concerning the Greek picture, and -Latin name of this constellation. - -The Egyptian name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Sebak_, which means -_conquering_, _victorious_. It is represented as a human figure with a -hawk's head and the appendage of a tail. - -This small constellation has only 14 stars according to the Britannic -catalogue. One of the 1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, one of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body), is named _Procyon_, which means -REDEEMER, and it tells us that this glorious Prince is none other than the -one who was slain. Just as this chapter begins with _two_ persons in one -in the Sign (Gemini), one _victorious_, the other _wounded_; so it ends -with a representation of two princes, one of whom is seen triumphant and -the other as the Redeemer. This is confirmed by the next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the -neck), which is named _Al Gomeisa_ (Arabic), _the burthened_, _loaded_, -_bearing for others_. The names of the other stars, not identified, still -further confirm the great truth; _viz._, _Al Shira_, or _Al Shemeliya_ -(Arabic), _the prince_ or _chief of the left hand_, answering to the star -in _Sirius_. One _right_, the other _left_, as the two united youths are -placed. _Al_ _Mirzam_, _the prince_ or _ruler_; and _Al Gomeyra_, _who -completes_ or _perfects_. - -This does, indeed, complete and perfect the presentation of this chapter: -Messiah's reign as Prince of Peace; the enemy trodden under foot by the -glorious "Prince of princes," who is none other than the glorified -Redeemer. - -This is also what is written in the Book: - - - "Shall the prey be taken from the mighty, - Or the lawful captives(68) be delivered? - But thus saith the LORD, - Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away, - And the prey of the terrible shall be delivered: - For I will contend with him that contendeth with thee, - And I will save thy children. - And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; - And they shall be drunken with their own blood as with sweet wine; - And all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour, - And thy REDEEMER--the Mighty One of Jacob." - - (Isa. xlix. 24-26, R.V.) - - "When the enemy shall come in like a flood, - The Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him, - And the REDEEMER shall come to Zion." - - (Isa. lix, 19, 20.) - - "And He shall divide the spoil with the strong, - Because He hath poured out His soul unto death." - - (Isa. liii. 12.) - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign CANCER (The Crab). - - - _Messiah's Redeemed Possessions held fast._ - -With regard to the sign of CANCER, one thing is certain, that we have not -got the original picture, or anything like it. - -It does not agree with the names either of its three constellations which -have come down to us, or of its stars. - -In the ancient Denderah Zodiac it is represented as a _Scarabaeus_, or -sacred beetle.(69) In the Zodiac of Esneh and in a Hindu Zodiac (400 B.C.) -it is the same. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 35: CANCER (the Crab) - - -According to the Greeks, Jupiter placed this Crab amongst the signs of the -Zodiac. - -In Sir William Jones's Oriental Zodiac we meet with a crab, and an -Egyptian Zodiac found at Rome bears also the crab in this sign. - -The more ancient Egyptians placed _Hermanubis_, or _Hermes_, with the head -of an ibis or hawk, as the symbol of the sign now allotted to Cancer. - -The Denderah name is _Klaria_, or _the cattle-folds_, and in this name we -have the key to the meaning of the sign, and to the subject of this -chapter. - -The Arabic name is _Al Sartan_, which means _who holds_ or _binds_, and -may be from the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to bind together_ (Gen. xlix. 11). There is -no ancient Hebrew word known for the crab. It was classed with many other -unclean creatures, and would be included in the general term "vermin." - -The Syriac, _Sartano_, means the same. The Greek name is _Karkinos_, which -means _holding_ or _encircling_, as does the Latin, _Cancer_, and hence is -applied to the crab. In the word _Khan_, we have the traveller's rest or -_inn_; while _Ker_ or _Cer_ is the Arabic for _encircling_. The ancient -Akkadian name of the month is _Su-kul-na_, _the seizer_ or _possessor of -seed_. - -The sign contains 83 stars, one of which is of the 3rd magnitude, and -seven are of the 4th magnitude, and the remainder of inferior magnitudes. - -In the centre of the Sign there is a remarkably bright cluster of stars, -so bright that they can be sometimes seen with the naked eye. It looks -like a comet, and is made up of a great multitude of stars. Modern -astronomers have called it the _Beehive_. But its ancient name has come -down to us as Praesepe, which means _a multitude_, _offspring_. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the head), is called _Tegmine_, _holding_. The -star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (or {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}1 and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}2), in the lower large claw, is called _Acubene_, -which, in Hebrew and Arabic, means _the sheltering_ or _hiding-place_. -Another is named _Ma'alaph_ (Arabic), _assembled thousands_; _Al Himarein_ -(Arabic), _the kids_ or _lambs_. - -North and south of the nebula _Praesepe_ are two stars, which Orientalists -speak of by a name evidently of some antiquity. _Asellus_ means an _Ass_, -and one was called _Asellus Boreas_, _the northern Ass_; while the other, -_Asellus Australis_, is _the southern Ass_. - -The sign was afterwards known by the symbol {~CANCER~}, which stands for these two -asses.(70) - -This connects it with the Tribe of Issachar, who is said to have borne -upon the Tribal standard the sign of _two asses_. - -This is doubtless the reference in Jacob's blessing (Gen. xlix. 11, -R.V.):-- - - - "Issachar is a strong ass, - Couching down between the sheepfolds; - And he saw a resting-place that it was good; - And the land that it was pleasant; - And he bowed his shoulder to bear, - And became a servant under task work." - - -Have we not here the gathering up of the teaching of this sign-- - - _Messiah's redeemed possessions held fast._ - -Here we come to the completion of His work. In CANCER we see it with -reference to His _redeemed_, and in the next (the last) Sign, LEO, with -reference to His _enemies_. - -The three constellations develope the truth. What is now called _Ursa -Minor_ is _the Lesser Flock_; _Ursa Major_ gives us _The Sheepfold and the -Sheep_; while _Argo_, _The Ship_, shows the travellers and the pilgrims -brought safely home--all conflict over. - -To accomplish this, we see the true Issachar bowing his shoulder to bear. -He could say, "My soul is bowed down" (Ps. lvii. 6). HE became a servant, -and humbled Himself to death. HE undertook the mighty task of saving His -people from their sins. "Their Redeemer is strong" (Jer. l. 34); for help -was laid on "One that was mighty" (Ps. lxxxix. 19). And His redeemed shall -come to a resting-place that is good, and to a land that is pleasant. No -earthly Khan on earth affords them a home. They look for a heavenly home, -and in the many mansions of the Father's house they shall find eternal -rest. - -Here we see that sheltering home to which the names of these stars point; -where the assembled thousands (_Ma'alaph_) shall be received into the true -_Klaria_, even the "everlasting habitations." - -These are now to be shown to us. - - - -1. URSA MINOR (The Little Bear). - - - _The Lesser Sheepfold._ - -Here we come to another grievous mistake, or ignorant perversion of -primitive truth, as shown in the ancient names of these two -constellations. - -It is sufficient to point to the fact that no Bear is found in any -Chaldean, Egyptian, Persian, or Indian Zodiacs, and that no bear was ever -seen with such a tail! No one who had ever seen a bear would have called -attention to a tail, such as no bear ever had, by placing in its very tip -the most important, wondrous, and mysterious Polar Star, the central star -of the heavens, round which all others revolve. The patriarchal -astronomers, we may be sure, committed no such folly as this. - -The primitive truth that there were _two_, or a pair of constellations is -preserved; and that of these two, one is larger, and the other smaller. -But what were they? We have the clue to the answer in the name of the -brightest star of the larger constellation, which is called _Dubheh_. Now -_Dubheh_ means _a herd of animals_. In Arabic, _Dubah_ means _cattle_. In -Hebrew, {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Dohver_, is _a fold_; and hence in Chaldee it meant -_wealth_. The Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _Dohveh_, means _rest_ or _security_; and -certainly there is not much of either to be found or enjoyed with bears! -The word occurs in Deut. xxxiii. 25: "As thy days so shall thy strength -be." The Revised Version gives in the margin, "So shall _thy rest_ or -_security_ be." This accords with what we have already seen under -"CANCER": "Couching down between the sheepfolds,(71) he saw a resting- -place that it was good." - -Here are the two Sheepfolds, then; the Greater fold, and Lesser; and here -is the _rest_ and _security_ which the flocks will find therein. - -But in Hebrew there is a word very similar in sound, though not in -spelling--{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~} or {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, _dohv_, which means _a bear_! So we find in Arabic -_dub_; Persian, _deeb_ and _dob_. We can see, therefore, how the Hebrew -_Dohver_, _a fold_, and _Dohv_, _a bear_, were confused; and how the -Arabic _Dubah_, _cattle_, might easily have been mistaken by the Greeks, -and understood as a bear. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 36: URSA MINOR - - -The constellation, which we must therefore call THE LESSER SHEEPFOLD, -contains 24 stars, _viz._, one of the 2nd magnitude, two of the 3rd, four -of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (at the point of the tail), is the most important in -the whole heavens. It is named _Al Ruccaba_, which means _the turned_ or -_ridden on_, and is to-day the Polar or central star, which does not -revolve in a circle as does every other star, but remains, apparently, -fixed in its position. But though the star does not revolve like the -others, the central point in the heavens is very slowly but steadily -moving. When these constellations were formed the Dragon possessed this -important point, and the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, in _Draco_, marked this central point. -But, by its gradual recession, that point is sufficiently near this star -_Ruccaba_, in the _Lesser Sheepfold_, for it to be what is called "the -Polar Star." But, how could this have been known five or six thousand -years ago? How could it have been known when it received its name, which -means _the turned_ or _ridden on_? That it was known is clear: so likewise -was it made known in the written Word that the original blessing included -not merely the multiplication of the seed of faithful Abraham, but it was -then added, "And thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies" (Gen. -xxii. 17). - -This star was called by the Greeks {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, the "_Cynosure_." ARATUS -seems to apply this term to the whole of the seven stars of the _Lesser -Bear_. Mr. Robert Brown, Junr., shows(72) that {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, once supposed to -be Hellenic, is non-Hellenic, and possibly Euphratean in origin, from a -word which he transliterates _An-nas-sur-ra_, and renders it, "as it -literally means, _high in_ rising, _i.e._, in heavenly position." Is not -this the primitive truth of the Revelation? Will not this Lesser Fold be -high, yea, the highest in heavenly position? - -The Polar Star has been removed from the Dragon, and is now in _the Lesser -Fold_; and when the Dragon shall be cast down from the heavens, the -heavenly seed will be safely folded there. But this is _the Lesser -Sheepfold_. These are they who all through the ages have been "partakers -of the heavenly calling," who desired a better country, that is, a -_heavenly_; wherefore God "hath prepared for them a city," the city for -which Abraham himself "looked." This was no earthly city, but a city -"whose builder and maker is God" (Heb. xi. 10-16). These have always been -a smaller company, a "little flock," but the kingdom shall be theirs, even -the kingdom of God, for which they now look and wait. They have not yet -"received the promises; but, having seen them afar off" by faith, they -"were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were -strangers and pilgrims on the earth" (Heb. xi. 13). Their Messiah has -accomplished "the redemption of the purchased possession," and in due time -the redeemed will inherit it, "unto the praise of His glory" (Eph. i. 13). - -The bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is named _Kochab_, which means _waiting Him who cometh_. -Other stars, not identified, are named _Al Pherkadain_ (Arabic), which -means _the calves_, or _the young_ (as in Deut. xxii. 6), _the redeemed -assembly_. Another, _Al Gedi_, means _the kid_. Another is _Al Kaid_, _the -assembled_; while _Arcas_, or _Arctos_ (from which we derive the term -_Arctic_ regions), means, according to one interpreter, _a travelling -company_; or, according to another, _the stronghold of the saved_. - -But there is not only the heavenly seed, which is compared "to the stars -of heaven," but there is the seed that is compared to "the sand of the -sea"--the larger flock or company, who will enjoy the earthly blessing. - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. URSA MAJOR (The Great Bear). - - - _The Fold and the Flock._ - -Of these it is written:-- - - - "But in Mount Zion there shall be those that escape, - And it shall be holy: - And the house of Jacob shall possess their possessions." - - (Obad. 17-19, R.V.) - - -It is a large and important constellation, containing 87 stars, of which -one is of the 1st magnitude, four of the 2nd, three of the 3rd, ten of the -4th, etc. It always presents a splendid appearance, and is perhaps, -therefore, the best known of all the constellations. - -In the Book of Job (ix. 9, and xxxviii. 31, 32) it is mentioned under the -name of _Ash_. "Canst thou guide _Ash_ and her offspring?" which is -rendered in the A.V., "Arcturus and his sons," and in the R.V., "The Bear -with her train" (marg., "_sons_"). The Arabs still call it _Al Naish_, or -_Annaish_, _the assembled together_, as sheep in a fold. The ancient -Jewish commentators interpreted _Ash_ as the seven stars of this -constellation. They are called by others _Septentriones_, which thus -became the Latin word for _North_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 37: URSA MAJOR - - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the back), is named _Dubhe_, which, as we have -seen, means _a herd of animals_, or _a flock_, and gives its name to the -whole constellation. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (below it) is named _Merach_ (Hebrew), _the flock_ (Arabic, -_purchased_). - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (on the left of [Greek: beta]) is called _Phaeda_, or _Phacda_, -meaning _visited_, _guarded_, or _numbered_, as a flock; for His sheep, -like the stars, are both _numbered_ and _named_. (See Psalm cxlvii. 4.) - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} is called _Alioth_, a name we have had in _Auriga_, meaning _a -she goat_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the middle of the tail) is called _Mizar_, _separate_ or -_small_, and close to it _Al Cor_, _the Lamb_ (known as "g"). - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} (at the end of the so-called tail) is named _Benet Naish_ -(Arabic), _the daughters of the assembly_. It is also called _Al Kaid_, -_the assembled_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~} (in its right foot) is called _Talitha_. - -The names of other stars, not identified, all give the same testimony: _El -Alcola_ (Arabic), _the sheep-fold_ (as in Ps. xcv. 7; and c. 3); _Cab'd al -Asad_, _multitude_, _many assembled_; _Annaish_, _the assembled_; -_Megrez_, _separated_, as the flock in the fold; _El Kaphrah_, -_protected_, _covered_ (Heb. _redeemed_ and _ransomed_); _Dubheh Lachar_ -(Arabic), _the latter herd_ or _flock_; _Helike_ (so called by HOMER in -the _Iliad_), _company of travellers_; _Amaza_ (Greek), _coming and -going_; _Calisto_, _the sheepfold set_ or _appointed_. - -There is not one discordant voice in the rich abundance of this testimony. -We have nothing to do here with the Grecian myths about bears or wild -boars. We see only the innumerable seed _gathered_ by Him who _scattered_ -(Jer. xxxi. 10). - -Many are the Scriptures we might quote which speak of this gathering and -assembling of the long-scattered flock. It is written as plainly in the -Book, as it is in the heavens. The prophecies of this gathering are as -conspicuous in the Word of God as the "_Seven Stars_" are in the sky. It -is difficult even to make a selection from the wealth of such promises; -but few are more beautiful than that in Ezek. xxxiv. 12-16: - - - "As a shepherd seeketh out his flock - In the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered; - So will I seek out my sheep, - And will deliver them out of all places where they have been - scattered in the cloudy and dark day. - And I will bring them out from the people, - And gather them from the countries, - And will bring them to their own land, - And feed them upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers - And in all the inhabited places of the country. - I will feed them in a good pasture, - And upon the high mountains of Israel shall their fold be: - There shall they lie in a good fold, - And in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel. - I will feed my flock, - And I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord GOD. (Adonai - Jehovah). - I will seek that which was lost, - And bring again that which was driven away, - And will bind up that which was broken, - And will strengthen that which was sick: - But I will destroy the fat and the strong; - I will feed them with judgment." - - -It is of this judgment with which this book, and indeed the whole -Revelation, ends, in the next and final chapter. - -But before we come to that we have one more picture in the third -constellation of this Sign, which combines the first two in one. - - - -3. ARGO (The Ship). - - - _The Pilgrims safe at Home._ - -This is the celebrated ship of the Argonauts, which HOMER sung nearly ten -centuries before Christ. Sir Isaac Newton puts the expedition of the -Argonauts shortly after the death of Solomon (about 975 B.C.). While Dr. -Blair's chronology puts it 1236 B.C. - -Whatever fables have gathered round the story there can be no doubt as to -its great antiquity. Some think that the story had its origin in name, as -well as in fact, from the _Ark_ of Noah and its mysterious journey. All -that is clear, when divested of mythic details, is that the sailors in -that ship, after all their dangers, and toils, and battles were over, came -back victorious to their own shores. The "golden fleece," for which the -Argonauts went in search, tells of a treasure that had been _lost_. -"Jason," the great captain, tells of Him who recovered it from the -_Serpent_, which guarded it with ever-watchful eye, when none else was -able to approach it. And thus, through the fables and myths of the Greeks, -we can see the light primeval shine; and this light, once seen, lights up -this Sign and its constellations, so that their teaching cannot be -misunderstood. - -ARATUS sings of _Argo_:-- - - - "Stern-foremost hauled; no mark of onward-speeding ship. - Sternward she comes, as vessels do - When sailors turn the helm - On entering harbour: all the oars back-water, - And gliding backward, to an anchor comes." - - -It tells of that blessed home-coming, when-- - - - "The ransomed of the LORD shall return - And come to Zion with songs, - And everlasting joy upon their heads; - They shall obtain joy and gladness, - And sorrow and sighing shall flee away." - - (Isa. xxxv. 10.) - - -It tells of the glorious Jason,(73) of whom it is asked: - - - "Art thou not it which hath cut Rahab, - And wounded the dragon? - Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great - deep; - That hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to - pass over? - Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, - And come with singing unto Zion," etc. - - (Isa. li. 9-11.) - - "For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, - And ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he. - Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion - And shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD." - - (Jer. xxxi. 11, 12.) - - -This is the return of the great emigrant-ship (_Argo_) and all its -_company of travellers_ (for this is the meaning of the word _Argo_). - - [Illustration] - - Plate 38: ARGO (the Ship) - - -In Kircher's Egyptian Planisphere _Argo_ is represented by two galleys (as -we have two sheepfolds), whose prows are surmounted by rams' heads; and -the stern of one of them ends in a fish's tail. One of the two occupies -_four segments_ of the sphere (from Taurus to Virgo), while the other -occupies the four from Leo to Capricorn. _One half_ of the southern -meridians is occupied with these galleys and their construction and -decorations. Astronomers tell us that they carry us back, the one to the -period when the Bull opened the year (to which time VIRGIL refers); and -the other to the _same_ epoch, when the summer solstice was in Leo--"an era -greatly antecedent to the Argonautic expedition. How else, they ask, do we -account for the one ship having her prow in the first Decan of _Taurus_, -and her poop in the last Decan of _Leo_? or for one galley being freighted -with the installed _Bull_, and the other with the solstitial _Lion_?"(74) - -These are the words of an astronomer who knows nothing whatever of our -interpretation of the heavens which is set forth in this work. - -It will indeed be a large vessel, the true _Argo_, with its _company of -travellers_, "a great multitude which no man can number." All this is -indicated by the immense size of the Constellation, as well as by the -large number of its stars. There are 64 stars in _Argo_ (reckoning by the -Britannic catalogue); one of the 1st magnitude, six of the 2nd, nine of -the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. Only a small part of the ship's poop is -visible in Britain. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (near the keel), is called _Canopus_ or _Canobus_, -which means _the possession of Him who cometh_. Other star-names, not -identified, are--_Sephina_, _the multitude_ or _abundance_; _Tureis_, _the -possession_; _Asmidiska_, _the released who travel_; _Soheil_ (Arabic), -_the desired_; and _Subilon_, _the Branch_. - -Is not all this exactly in harmony with the rest of this sign? And is not -this what is written in the Book? - - - "Therefore, fear thou not, O My servant Jacob, saith the LORD; - Neither be dismayed, O Israel: - For, lo, I will save thee from afar, - And thy seed from the land of their captivity; - And Jacob shall return and be in rest, - And be quiet, and none shall make him afraid, - For I am with thee, saith the LORD, to save thee." - - (Jer. xxx. 10, 11.) - - "Lift up thine eyes round about, and see; - All they gather themselves together, they come to thee; - Thy sons shall come from far, - And thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side, - Then thou shalt see, and flow together, - And thine heart shall fear and be enlarged; - Because the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee.... - Who are these that fly as a cloud? - And as doves to their windows? - Surely the isles shall wait for me, - And the SHIPS of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far." - - (Isa. lx. 4, 5, 8, 9.) - - -The whole chapter (Isa. lx.) should be read if we wish to understand the -great teaching of this Sign, which tells of Messiah's secured possessions, -the safe folding of His blood-bought flock, the blessed return of His -pilgrims, and their abundant entrance into everlasting rest. - - - "There is a blessed home - Beyond this land of woe, - Where trials never come, - Nor tears of sorrow flow; - Where faith is lost in sight, - And patient love is crowned, - And everlasting light - Its glory throws around. - - O joy, all joys beyond, - To see the Lamb who died, - And count each sacred wound - In hands, and feet, and side; - To give to Him the praise - Of every triumph won, - And sing through endless days - The great things He hath done. - - Look up, ye saints of God, - Nor fear to tread below - The path your Saviour trod - Of daily toil and woe; - Wait but a little while - In uncomplaining love, - His own most gracious smile - Shall welcome you above." - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign LEO (The Lion). - - - _Messiah's Consummated Triumph._ - -Here we come to the end of the circle. We began with Virgo, and we end -with Leo. No one who has followed our interpretation can doubt that we -have here the solving of the Riddle of the Sphinx. For its _Head_ is Virgo -and its _Tail_ is Leo! - -In Leo we reach the end of the Revelation as inspired in the Word of God; -and it is the end as written in the heavens. - -BAILLY (_Astronomy_) says, "the Zodiac must have been first divided when -the sun at the summer solstice was in 1 deg. Virgo, where the woman's head -joins the Lion's tail." - -As to its antiquity there can be no doubt. JAMIESON says, "the Lion does -not seem to have been placed among the Zodiacal symbols, because Hercules -was fabled to have slain the Nemean Lion. It would seem, on the contrary, -that Hercules, who represented the Sun, was said to have slain the Nemean -Lion, because _Leo_ was already a Zodiacal sign. Hercules flourished 3,000 -years ago, and consequently posterior to the period when the summer -solstice accorded with _Leo_." (_Celestial Atlas_, p. 40). - -There is no confusion about _this_ sign. In the ancient Zodiacs of Egypt -(Denderah, Esneh) and India we find the Lion. The same occurs on the -Mithraic monuments, where Leo is _passant_, as he is in Moor's Hindu, and -Sir William Jones's Oriental Zodiacs. In Kircher's Zodiacs he is -_courrant_; in the Egyptian Zodiacs he is _couchant_. - -In the Denderah Zodiac he is treading upon a serpent, as shown in Mr. -Edward Cooper's _Egyptian Scenery_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 39: LEO (the Lion) - - -Its Egyptian name is _Pi Mentekeon_, which means _the pouring out_. This -is no pouring out or inundation of the Nile, but it is the pouring out of -the cup of Divine wrath on that Old Serpent. - -This is the one great truth of the closing chapter of this last Book. It -is - - THE LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH AROUSED FOR THE RENDING OF THE PREY. - -His feet are over the head of _Hydra_, the great Serpent, and just about -to descend upon it and crush it. - -The three constellations of the Sign complete this final picture: - - - 1. _Hydra_, the old Serpent destroyed. - - 2. _Crater_, _the Cup_ of Divine wrath poured out upon him. - - 3. _Corvus_, the Bird of prey devouring him. - - -The Denderah picture exhibits all four in one. The Lion is presented -treading down the Serpent. The Bird of prey is also perched upon it, while -below is a plumed female figure holding out _two cups_, answering to -_Crater_, the cup of wrath. - -The hieroglyphics read _Knem_, and are placed underneath. _Knem_ means -_who conquers_, or _is conquered_, referring to the victory over the -serpent. The woman's name is _Her-ua_, _great enemy_, referring to the -great enemy for which her two cups are prepared and intended. - -The Hebrew name of the sign is _Arieh_, which means _the Lion_. There are -six Hebrew words for Lion,(75) and this one is used of the Lion _hunting -down his prey_. - -The Syriac name is _Aryo_, _the rending Lion_, and the Arabic is _Al -Asad_; both mean _a lion coming vehemently_, _leaping forth as a flame_! - -It is a beautiful constellation of 95 stars, two of which are of the 1st -magnitude, two of the 2nd, six of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (on the Ecliptic), marks the heart of the Lion -(hence sometimes called by the moderns, _Cor Leonis_, _the heart of the -Lion_). Its ancient name is _Regulus_, which means _treading under foot_. -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, also of the 1st magnitude (in the tip of the tail), is -named _Denebola_, _the Judge_ or _Lord who cometh_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the -mane) is called _Al Giebha_ (Arabic), _the exaltation_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (on the -hinder part of the back) is called _Zosma_, _shining forth_. - -Other stars, not identified, are named _Sarcam_ (Hebrew), _the joining_; -intimating that here is the point where the two ends of the Zodiacal -circle have their _joining_. Another star has the name of _Minchir al -Asad_ (Arabic), _the punishing_ or _tearing of the Lion_. Another is -_Deneb Aleced_, _the judge cometh who seizes_. And another is _Al Dafera_ -(Arabic), _the enemy put down_. - -What can be more expressive? What can be more eloquent? All is harmony, -and all the names unite in pointing us to what is written of "the Lion of -the Tribe of Judah." - -And why is Messiah thus called? Because it is applied to Him in Rev. v. 5 -in connection with His rising up for judgment: and because the Lion is -known to have been always borne upon the standard of Judah, whether in the -wilderness (Num. ii.) or in aftertimes. - -In Israel's dying blessing the prophetic words foretold of Judah: - - - "Thy hand shall be on the neck of thine enemies; ... - Judah is a lion's whelp; - From the prey, my son, thou art gone up. - He stooped down, he couched as a lion, - And as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?" - - (Gen. xlix. 8, 9.) - - -In the prophecy of Balaam (Num. xxiv. 8, 9), we read: - - - "He shall eat up the nations his enemies, - And shall break their bones, - And pierce them through with his arrows, - He couched, he lay down as a lion, - And as a great lion; who shall stir him up?" - - -The same testimony is borne by the Prophet Amos: - - - "Will a lion roar in the forest when he hath no prey? - Will a young lion cry out of his den, if he hath taken nothing?... - The lion hath roared, who will not fear?" - - (Amos iii. 4, 8.) - - -When "the Lion of the tribe of Judah" is roused up for the rending, the -Spirit describes the scene in Isa. xlii. 13: - - - "The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, - He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war; - He shall cry, yea, roar; - He shall prevail against His enemies." - - -And this is what is meant and included when the Elder says for John's -comfort, "the Lion of the Tribe of Judah _hath prevailed_," and hence, is -"worthy ... to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and -honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v.). - -Whether we look, therefore, at the primeval Revelation in the heavens, or -at the later Revelation in the Word, the story is one and the same. - -And what we see of Leo and his work in both, we find developed and -described in the three constellations of the Sign. - - - -1. HYDRA (The Serpent). - - - _The Old Serpent Destroyed._ - -The time has at length come for the fulfilment of the many prophecies -pictured in the heavens: and in its three final constellations we see the -consummation of them all in the complete destruction of the Old Serpent, -and all his seed, and all his works. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 40: HYDRA (the Serpent), CRATER (the Cup), CORVUS (the Raven) - - -It is the special work of the Messiah, as "the Lion of the tribe of -Judah," to trample it under foot. - -It is pictured as _the female serpent (Hydra)_, the mother and author of -all evil. _Hydra_ has the significant meaning, _he is abhorred_! - -It is an immense constellation extending for above 100 degrees from east -to west, beneath the Virgin, the Lion, and the Crab. It is composed of 60 -stars; one of the 2nd magnitude, three of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the heart of the Serpent), is sometimes called -by the moderns _Cor Hydrae_ on that account. Its ancient name is _Al Phard_ -(Arabic), which means _the separated_, _put away_. Another is called _Al -Drian_, _the abhorred_. Another star is named _Minchar al Sugia_, _the -piercing of the deceiver_. - -There can be no doubt as to what is taught by the constellation of Hydra, -nor is it necessary to quote the Scriptures concerning the destruction of -the Serpent. We pass on to consider the second. - - - -2. CRATER (The Cup). - - - _The Cup of Divine wrath Poured out upon Him._ - - - "God is the Judge. - He putteth down one, and setteth up another, - FOR IN THE HAND OF THE LORD THERE IS A CUP, - And the wine is red; it is full of mixture, - And He poureth out of the same: - But the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring - them out and drink them." - - (Ps. lxxv. 8.) - - "Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, - Fire and brimstone, and a horrible tempest: - THIS SHALL BE THE PORTION OF THEIR CUP." - - (Ps. xi. 6.) - - -This is no fabled wine-cup of Bacchus; but it is "The cup of His -indignation" (Rev. xiv. 10); "The cup of the wine of the fierceness of his -wrath" (Rev. xvi. 19). This is what we see set forth in this -constellation. The Cup is wide and deep, and fastened on by the stars to -the very body of the writhing serpent. The same stars which are in the -foot of the Cup form part of the body of Hydra, and are reckoned as -belonging to both constellations. - -This Cup has the significant number of _thirteen_ stars (the number of -Apostacy). The two--_Al Ches_ ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}), which means _the Cup_, and ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~})--determine -the bottom of the Cup. - - - -3. CORVUS (The Raven). - - - _The Birds of Prey devouring the Serpent._ - -Here is the final scene of judgment. We have had _Zeeb_; _the Wolf_; now -we have _Oreb_, _the Raven_. _Her-na_ is its name in the Denderah Zodiac. -_Her_, means _the enemy_; and _Na_, means _breaking up_ or _failing_. That -is to say, this scene represents _the breaking up_ of the enemy. - -There are nine stars (the number of _judgment_) in this constellation. The -bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the eye) is called _Al Chibar_ (Arabic), _joining -together_, from the Hebrew _Chiba_ (Num. xxiii. 8), which means -_accursed_. This star, then, tells of _the curse inflicted_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} -(in the right wing) is called _Al Goreb_ (Arabic), from Hebrew _Oreb_, -_the Raven_. A third star is named _Minchar al Gorab_ (Arabic), and means -_the Raven tearing to pieces_. - -This brings us to the end. There is nothing beyond this. Nothing remains -to be told. We know from the Word of God that-- - - - "The eye that mocketh at his father, - And despiseth to obey his mother, - The ravens of the valley shall pick it out." - - (Prov. xxx. 17.) - - -We remember how David said to the Giant Goliah--a type of this enemy of -God's people--"I will smite thee, and take thy head from thee; and I will -give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls -of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth" (1 Sam. xvii. 46). - -When the great day of this judgment comes, an angel standing in the sun -will cry "to all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven, Come, and -gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God; that ye may -eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty -men, and the flesh of horses, and of them that sit on them, and the flesh -of all men, both free and bond, both small and great" (Rev. xix. 17, 18). - -And after these awful words shall be fulfilled, in the closing words of -the prophecy of Isaiah, Jehovah foretells us how-- - - - "They shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that - have transgressed against Me; - For their worm shall not die, - Neither shall their fire be quenched; - And they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh." - - -This is the teaching of the whole Sign of LEO! It is all summed up in Jer. -xxv. 30-33:-- - - - "Therefore prophesy against them all these words, and say unto - them, - The LORD shall roar from on high, - And utter His voice from His holy habitation; - He shall mightily roar upon His habitation; - He shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, - Against all the inhabitants of the earth. - A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth; - For the LORD hath a controversy with the nations, - He will plead with all flesh; - He will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith the LORD. - Thus saith the LORD of hosts, - Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, - And a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the coasts of the - earth. - And the slain of the LORD shall be at that day from one end of the - earth - Even to the other end of the earth; - They shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; - They shall be dung upon the ground." - - -Here is the conclusion of the whole matter! Here is the final triumph of -the Son of Man in the consummated victory of the Seed of the woman: -"Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and -wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v. 12). - - - "O what a bright and blessed world - This groaning earth of ours will be, - When from its throne the tempter hurled, - Shall leave it all, O Lord, to Thee! - - But brighter far that world above, - Where we, as we are known, shall know; - And, in the sweet embrace of love, - Reign o'er this ransomed earth below. - - O blessed Lord! with longing eyes - That blissful hour we wait to see; - While every worm or leaf that dies - Tells of the curse, and calls for Thee. - - Come, Saviour! Then o'er all below - Shine brightly from Thy throne above, - Bid heaven and earth Thy glory know, - And all creation feel Thy love." - - - - - -SUMMARY. - - -Man has ever sought to rob Christ of His glory. He has long since done his -best to obliterate His name and His work from the Revelation which had -been written in the stars of light. When He humbled Himself, and came as -the promised Seed of the woman, men "saw no beauty in Him that they should -desire Him." And these were _religious_ men. It was religious men, not the -common rabble, whom the Old Serpent made use of to wound Him in the heel. -The Devil could not touch Him himself; he must use them as his -instruments; and it was only _religious_ men that could be so used. - -It was the "chief priests and scribes," men learned in the Scriptures, -whose very knowledge of the Word was used to compass His death amongst the -babes at Bethlehem (Matt. ii. 4-6). - -It was the same priests and scribes who were used to put Him to death, and -give the long-prophesied wound in the heel. - -Religion without Christ is enmity against God! Knowledge of the Scriptures -where the heart is not subject to Christ, and where Christ is not seen in -them, is powerless and lifeless. It is true of the Scriptures, as it will -be of the heavenly Jerusalem--"THE LAMB IS THE LIGHT THEREOF" (Rev. xxi. -23). - -The Church of Rome has been used of the great enemy to rob the Lamb of God -of His promised glory. JEROME, in his Latin translation of the Bible (405 -A.D.), wrote "_ipse_," HE, in Gen. iii. 15, as the "bruiser of the -serpent's head." And, in spite of the fact that JEROME himself so quotes -it in his commentary, and that it is _masculine_ in all the other ancient -translations of the Bible, Rome has first corrupted JEROME'S Vulgate by -changing the "e" into "a," and putting "_ipsa_" (she) instead of "_ipse_" -(He); then she has so translated this corruption and perpetuated this -perversion in various languages! So that in all her versions, in her -pictures and statues, in the decree of Pope Pius IX., which promulgated -the dogma of the "_immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary_," this lie of -the Old Serpent has been foisted on unnumbered thousands of deluded souls, -who have thereby been deceived into putting Mary in the place of Jesus; -the "co-Redemptress" in the place of the Redeemer; the creature in the -place of the Creator; the woman in the place of the woman's Seed;--until -the outcome is reached by emblazoning, in huge gilt letters, on the -outside of a large church in Rathmines, Dublin, "MARIAE PECCATORUM -REFUGIUM," to Mary the Refuge of Sinners! - -So complete has been the success of the subtlety of the Serpent, that he -has beguiled thousands of Protestants to unite in circulating these -_corrupted versions as the Word of God_, thus giving currency to the -Devil's lie. This is done on the plea of expediency, in order that these -versions might come to many as Protestant truth instead of Popish error; -but thus misleading those who were seeking for light, while confirming -Papists in their darkness. - -But through all the "wisdom of the Serpent" we can detect his lie. It is -very thinly veiled, and the Old Serpent has not succeeded in blinding the -eyes which the Spirit of God has opened. True, we see in all Rome's -pictures and statues the foot of Mary, on the Serpent's head, but the foot -is not _coming down_, nor is the head _crushed_! Rather is the woman's -foot resting on its head; and the woman herself supported by the Serpent. - -The whole system of Mary-anity is thus seen to be the outcome of the -Serpent's wisdom in opposition to the true Christ-ianity. - -How different are the primeval star-pictures of the heavens. There, the -club is lifted up, the foot is coming down, yea, the foot is actually -planted upon the enemy, treading the Scorpion under foot. - -Rome may corrupt the words of the Book, but she cannot touch the stars of -heaven! The Devil himself cannot move them from their places. He may -choose and use his servants and agents for corrupting the Scriptures -written in the Book, but he cannot change the Revelation of the stars. - -There,--no woman's foot is seen upon the Serpent's head! There,--no woman -usurps the place of the all-glorious Redeemer! - -In _Ophiuchus_ we see HIM in dread conflict with the Serpent, and we see -HIS foot upon the Scorpion's heart (SCORPIO). We see HIM, the Risen Lamb -(ARIES), binding _Cetus_, the great Monster of the Deep; we see HIM in the -glorious _Orion_, whose foot is coming down on the enemy's head (_Lepus_); -we see HIM in the Lion of the Tribe of Judah (LEO), about to tread down -that Old Serpent (_Hydra_) the Devil; we see HIM in the mighty _Hercules_, -who has his foot on the head of the _Dragon_ (_Draco_), and his up-lifted -club about to inflict the long-threatened blow; we see HIM crowned in -_Cepheus_, with all His enemies subdued, and His right foot planted upon -the Polar Star! - -True, we do see a WOMAN in this heavenly and Divine revelation; for there -are four women. Two are connected with the REDEEMER, and two with the -REDEEMED. The Redeemer is seen in the one (VIRGO) as the "promised Seed"; -in the other (_Coma_), He is seen as the child born, the Son given. The -Redeemed are represented in one as a captive _chained_ (_Andromeda_), with -no power to wage conflict with an enemy, but a prey to every foe; in the -other (_Cassiopeia_), she is _enthroned_, with no necessity for conflict. -For with one hand she waves the palm of a victory which another -(_Perseus_) has wrought on her behalf, while with her right hand she is -preparing and making herself ready for "the marriage of the Lamb." - -Thus pure and undefiled is this primeval fountain of Divine truth. Thus -harmonious is it with the written Word of God. And He who gave them both -to enlighten a dark world which lieth in the power of this wicked one, has -filled both with one subject--"The sufferings of Christ and the glory that -should follow." - -These are set forth by the Holy Spirit in a double sevenfold expansion of -the prophetic promise of Gen. iii. 15, giving seven steps in His -humiliation and seven in His glorification (Phil. ii. 5-11(76)). - - - CHRIST JESUS, - - 1. Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery (a thing - to be grasped at and held) to be equal with God; - - 2. But made Himself of no reputation (Gr. _emptied Himself_), - - 3. And took upon Him the form of a servant, - - 4. And was made in the likeness of men: - - 5. And being found in fashion as a man. He humbled Himself. - - 6. And became obedient unto death, - - 7. Even the death of the cross. - - WHEREFORE - - 1. God also hath highly exalted Him, - - 2. And given Him a name which is above every name: - - 3. That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, - - 4. Of things in heaven, - - 5. And things on earth, - - 6. And things under the earth; - - 7. And that every tongue shall confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, - to the glory of God the Father. - - Amen. - - "Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns, - Receive yet one, the crown of all the earth, - Thou who alone art worthy! It was thine - By ancient covenant, ere Nature's birth; - And Thou hast made it Thine by purchase since, - And overpaid its value with Thy blood. - Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and in their hearts - Thy title is engraven with a pen - Dipp'd in the fountain of eternal love. - Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and Thy delay - Gives courage to their foes, who, could they see - The dawn of Thy last advent, long desired, - Would creep into the bowels of the hills, - And flee for safety to the falling rocks." - - "Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns, - Receive yet one, as radiant as the rest, - Due to Thy last and most effectual work, - Thy Word fulfilled, the conquest of a world." - - (_Cowper._) - - - - - -"FOR SIGNS AND FOR SEASONS." - - -We have seen the great truths which are taught from the position, and -forms, and names of the heavenly bodies. There are also truths to be -learnt from their _motions_. - -When God created them and set them in the firmament of heaven, He said, in -Gen. i. 14-- - - - "Let them be for signs and for seasons." - - -Here the word "signs" is _othoth_ ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, plural of {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _oth_, from the -root {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _to come_). Hence, _a sign of something_ or _some One to -come_. In Jer. x. 2 Jehovah says, "And be not dismayed _at the signs_ -({~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}) of the heavens, for the heathen are dismayed at them." The -word "seasons" does not denote merely what we call the four seasons of the -year, but _cycles_ of time. It is {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _appointed time_ (from the verb -{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to point out_, _appoint_). It occurs three more times in Genesis, -each time in connection with the promised Seed-- - -Gen. xvii. 21, "_At_ this _set time_ in the next year"; - -Gen. xviii. 14, "_At the time appointed_ I will return"; and - -Gen. xxi. 2, "_At the set time_ of which God had spoken." - -Gen. i. 14 is therefore, "They (the sun, moon, and stars) shall be for -signs (things to come) and for cycles (appointed times)." - -Here, then, we have a distinct declaration from God, that the heavens -contain not only a Revelation concerning _things to come_ in the "Signs," -but also concerning _appointed times_ in the wondrous movements of the -sun, and moon, and stars. - -The motions of the sun and moon are so arranged that at the end of a given -interval of time they return into almost precisely the same position, with -regard to each other and to the earth, as they held at the beginning of -that interval. "Almost precisely," but not quite precisely. There will be -a slight outstanding difference, which will gradually increase in -successive intervals, and finally destroy the possibility of the -combination recurring, or else lead to combinations of a different -character. - -Thus the daily difference between the movement of the sun and of the stars -leads the sun back very nearly to conjunction with the same star as it was -twelve months earlier, and gives us the cycle of the year. The slight -difference in the sun's position relative to the stars at the end of the -year, finally leads the sun back to the same star at the same time of the -year, _viz._, at the spring equinox, and gives us the great precessional -cycle of 25,800 years. - -So, too, with eclipses. Since the circumstances of any given eclipse are -reproduced almost exactly 18 years and 11 days later, this period is -called an _Eclipse Cycle_, to which the ancient astronomers gave the name -of _Saros_;(77) and eclipses separated from each other by an exact cycle, -and, therefore, corresponding closely in their conditions, are spoken of -as being one and the same eclipse. Each _Saros_ contains, on the average, -about 70 +- eclipses. Of these, on the average, 42 +- are solar and 28 +- are -lunar. Since the _Saros_ is 11 days (or, more correctly, 10.96 days) -longer than 18 years, the successive recurrences of each eclipse fall 11 -days later in the year each time, and in 33 _Sari_ will have travelled on -through the year and come round very nearly to the original date. - -But as the _Saros_ does not reproduce the conditions of an eclipse with -absolute exactness, and as the difference increases with every successive -return, a time comes when the return of the _Saros_ fails to bring about -an eclipse at all. If the eclipse be a solar one before this takes place, -a new eclipse begins to form a month later in the year than the old one, -and becomes the first eclipse of a new series. - -This is the history of one such eclipse: On May 15 (Julian), 850 A.D., -there was a (new) eclipse of the sun, and it occurred as a _partial_ -eclipse. On August 20 (Julian), 1012 A.D., this new eclipse became -_total_. From that time it has been an _annular_ eclipse, the latitude of -the central shadow gradually shifting southward from the north, until on -December 17 (Julian), 1210, it had reached N. Lat. 24 deg.. It turned -northward again after 1210, until March 14 (Julian), 1355, when it fell in -N. Lat. 43 deg.. Then it turned south, and has moved steadily in that -direction, until on March 18 (Greg.), 1950, its last appearance as an -annular eclipse will take place. On May 22 (Greg.), 2058, it will fall so -far from the node that a new eclipse will follow it on June 21. It will -make three more appearances as an ever-diminishing partial eclipse, and be -last seen on June 24 (Greg.), 2112. Its total life-history, therefore, -will have been 1,262 years and 36 days, and will have occupied 70 _Sari_. - -In the above life-history of an eclipse(78) there is not the slightest -difficulty as to its identification. The _Saros_ shows no break, and no -interruption; nor does the character of the eclipse suffer any abrupt -change. The district over which it is visible moves in a slow and orderly -fashion from occurrence to occurrence over the earth's surface. - -Now the important point is this, that if we take the prophetic reckoning -of 360 days to the year, we have the following significant Biblical -numbers:-- - -In the first place, we already have the 70 +- _Sari_ divided into two -portions of 33 + 37. - -A perfect cycle is accomplished in 33 _Sari_, or 595 years, when the -eclipse, by a series of unbroken _Sari_, has accomplished a passage -through the year of 360 days; or, if we reckon only the whole numbers, -_i.e._, the 18 completed years, we have for the 33 _Sari_ the period of -594 years, while the remaining portion of 37 _Sari_ makes 666 years (37 x -18) ; and the whole 70 +- _Sari_ makes 1,260 years (594 + 666).(79) - -We have then the following figures:-- - - - 18 x 33 = 594 years. - 18 x 37 = 666 years. - 18 x 70 = 1260 years. - - -Independently of this, we also know that 1,260 years is a soli-lunar -cycle, so exact that its epact, or difference, is only 6 hours! - -There must, therefore, be something significant in these numbers, _e.g._, -70; in the number 1,260, with its divisions, not into two equal parts, but -into 594 and 666; as also in its double, 2,520. - -There must be something to be learned in the occurrence and repetition of -these heavenly cycles, which for nearly 6,000 years have been constantly -repeated in the heavens, especially when we find these same numbers very -prominently presented in the Word of God in connection with the fulfilment -of prophecy. - -We have the great "seven times" (2,520) connected with the duration of -Israel's punishment, and of the Gentiles' power. We have in Daniel and the -Apocalypse the half of this great period presented as "days" (1,260), as -"months" (42), and as "times," or years (3-1/2). - -Futurists believe that these "days" and "months," etc., _interpret for us_ -the purposes and counsels of God as connected with "the time of the end," -and as meaning literal "days" and "months," etc. - -Historicists take these terms and themselves _interpret the numbers_, in -the sense of a "day" being put for a _year_, and they believe that these -"1,260 days" will be fulfilled as 1,260 _years_. - -One party boldly and ungraciously charges the other with teaching "_The -Fallacies of Futurism_"; while the other might well retort with a -reference to the _Heresies of Historicism_. - -But is there any necessity for the existence of two hostile camps? Is it -not possible that there may be what we may call a _long_ fulfilment in -years? And is it not more than probable that in the time of the end, the -crisis, there will also be a _short_ and literal fulfilment in days? - -We firmly believe that there will be this literal and _short_ fulfilment. -We believe that when God says "days," He means _days_; and that when He -says "42 months," He means _months_, and not 1,260 years. In all of the -passages referred to by historicists in support of what is called "the -year-day theory," the Holy Spirit uses these words "days" and "years" in -the sense of days and years. In the two particular instances of Israel's -wanderings (Num. xiv. 34), and Ezekiel's prophesying (Ezek. iv. 6), He -chooses to take the _number_ of days as denoting the _same number_ of -years; but He does not tell us that we are to do the same in other cases! -He only asserts His sovereignty by thus acting, while we only show our -presumption in taking His sovereign act as a general principle. - -But while fully believing in the _short_ fulfilment, we are quite prepared -to admit that there may be a _long_ fulfilment _as well_; and that, owing -to the wondrous harmony, and marvellous correspondence, and infinite -wisdom of all the works and ways of God, there may be a fulfilment, or -rather a "filment," if we may coin the word, in years, which will be only -a foreshadowing of the literal _ful_-filment afterwards to take place in -_days_. - -If historicists will allow us this liberty as to _interpretation_, and -permit us to believe that God means what He says, we will give them some -remarkable evidence in support of their views, by way of _application_. In -other words, if they will allow us to _interpret_ "days" as meaning days, -we will gladly allow them, and be at one with them, in _applying_ them to -years. So that while we believe the _interpretation_ to mean "days," and -to teach a _short_ fulfilment at the time of the end, we will thankfully -admit an _application_ which shall take these days as foreshowing a _long_ -fulfilment in years. - -In _applying_, then, these significant numbers (42, 70, 594, 666, 1,260, -and 2,520) to years, from what point or date shall we begin to reckon the -"_times of the Gentiles_" (Luke xxi. 24)? That there are such definite -"times" the words of the Lord Jesus show, when He says, "Jerusalem shall -be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be -fulfilled." (Luke xxi. 24). That there are "seven times" of Gentile -dominion is more than intimated by the symbolic episode in the life of -Nebuchadnezzar as recorded in Dan. iv.; and that there are "seven times" -of Israel's punishment is clearly stated in Lev. xxvi. 18. "Seven times," -according to the Historicist school of interpreters, are equal to 2,520 -years. - -Instead of asking where they begin, let us first note the fact that it is -_duration_ which is emphasised in the Scriptures rather than _chronology_; -and look at the duration of these years independently of, and before we -attempt to fix, their beginning and ending. - -In Daniel ii. and vii. it is shown first to Nebuchadnezzar in a "dream," -and afterwards to God's servant the prophet in a "vision," that Israel was -to be put on one side and become "Lo-Ammi" (_not My people_), while -government was to be put into the hands of the Gentiles. Jerusalem was the -central point of both these great and solemn facts. That is to say, during -2,520 years, while Jerusalem should remain in the power of the Gentiles, -Israel could be "no more a nation" in possession of their land and city. - -We know, as a matter of fact, that to-day Jerusalem is in the hands of the -Turks, and that it is still "trodden down of the Gentiles." - -If we ask how long it shall continue to be "trodden down"? how long it -will be before Israel shall again possess their city and their land?--the -answer brings us at once to the heart of our subject. - -In seeking to determine both duration and chronology, it is necessary to -plant our feet on sure ground. To do this, let us take a point on which -all are agreed. - -There is _one_ date which is universally accepted; and concerning which -the evidence is unquestioned. - -ABU OBEIDA, the Mahommedan General, laid siege to Jerusalem towards the -close of 636 A.D. The city was then occupied by the Romans, who held out -for four months. When they capitulated, the Patriarch SOPHRONIUS obtained -a clause in the treaty giving security to the inhabitants, and requiring -the ratification of OMAR himself. OMAR, who had therefore to be sent for, -arrived some six months afterwards, and the delay caused the actual -delivering up of the city to take place early in the autumn of A.D. -637.(80) - -The year A.D. 636-7 is therefore the accepted date of the passing over of -Jerusalem from the Romans to the Turks. - -OMAR seems to have stayed in the city only about ten days, during which he -must have given his instructions for the erection of the Mosque on the -site of the Temple. This Mosque, therefore, stands as the sign and the -symbol of the treading down of Jerusalem, and while it remains, those -times of treading down cannot be considered as fulfilled. - -How steady was Israel's decadence from Nebuchadnezzar to OMAR! Nothing -would exceed that darkest moment in Israel's history, when Israel was well -nigh obliterated in the mighty struggles of her enemies who fought over -her inheritance. Thus OMAR becomes the great central point of the 2,520 -years, whether reckoned as _Lunar_, _Zodiacal_, or _Solar_, dividing them -equally into two portions of 1,260 years.(81) - -Having thus fixed the central date, which already points forward to the -end, let us go back and find the starting point, that we may the better -understand the end. - -When Daniel was explaining to Nebuchadnezzar his mysterious dream, he -said, "Thou art this head of gold"! (Dan. ii. 38). This moment is -popularly, but erroneously, supposed to mark the commencement of the -Babylonian kingdom--the first of these four great Gentile powers. - -But Daniel spoke of what ALREADY existed, and was _explaining the then_ -condition of things. He said, "God _hath_ given thee a kingdom, power, and -strength, and glory" (Dan. ii. 37). The kingdom of Babylon had already -been in existence for more than thirty years, for its king had destroyed -Jerusalem and burnt the Temple with fire, and brought away many captives, -amongst whom was Daniel and his companions. The opening words of the book -make this very clear. - -The monumental history of Babylon, as now dug up, shows that before this -it had been sometimes tributary to, and sometimes almost independent of, -Assyria. In A.M. 3352, after a severe struggle with Assurbanipal, the -Assyrian king, Babylon was once more subdued, and its king setting fire to -his palace perished in the flames. After that there was peace for twenty- -two years, during which time Kandalanu governed Babylon in succession to -Sumas-sum-ukin, a son of Assurbanipal. - -In A.M. 3375 (_i.e._ B.C. 627),(82) another revolt broke out, and the -Assyrian king sent a general of great ability to quell it. His name was -Nabu-pal-user (which means _Nebo protects his son_). He put down the -rebellion with so much skill that Assurbanipal made him governor of -Babylon. He shortly afterwards, in A.M. 3376, himself rebelled, and made -himself King of Babylon. Associating with him his son Nebuchadnezzar, they -commenced a campaign against Assurbanipal, which ended in the fall of -Nineveh and the complete subjugation of Assyria. The kingdom of Babylon, -thus commencing in B.C. 625,(83) became the first great Gentile kingdom as -foretold in Daniel. - -There is practically no question, now, as to this date. - -The actual _duration_ of the three kingdoms that followed--Babylon, Medo- -Persia, and Greece, may not perhaps be so accurately determined. Their -total duration is known, because it is fixed by a known date at the other -end, but it might introduce controversial matter if we attempted to assign -to them their exact relative duration. Probably they were, -roughly:--Babylon about 90 years; Medo-Persia about 200 years; Greece about -304 years. - -We believe these to be fairly proportionate,(84) but whether they are or -not, their total amount must have been 594 years, because the undisputed -date of the battle of ACTIUM by which Augustus became the head of the -Roman Empire, was September B.C. 31. From this date Jerusalem passed -permanently under the power of Rome until the Mahommedan conquest in A.D. -636-7. - -We have, therefore, _three fixed dates_, and these decide for us the -_duration_ of the intervening periods; dividing them into the two great -Eclipse Cycles of 594 years and 666 years! - - - _Jerusalem under the Gentiles._ - - Babylon (the 1st Kingdom) commenced B.C. 625. - - Battle of Actium, ending the possession of the 3rd Kingdom, B.C. - 31. - - _Duration_ of the three Kingdoms, Babylon, Medo-Persia, and - Greece, together (1st Eclipse Cycle), 594 years. - - Rome (the 4th Kingdom) became the possessor of Jerusalem, B.C. 31. - - Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem, ending the possession of Rome, - A.D. 636. - - _Duration_ of Rome's possession of Jerusalem (2nd Eclipse Cycle), - 666(85) years. - - FIRST HALF OF "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES", 1260 years. - - Date of Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem, A.D. 636-7. - - SECOND HALF OF "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES" and _Duration_ of - Mahommedan possession of Jerusalem, A.D. 1260, and 1260 years. - - End and "fulness" of "the times of the Gentiles", A.D. 1896-7, and - 2520 years. - - -From this it appears that 1896-7 A.D. would mark the fulfilment, and -complete the duration, of "times of the Gentiles." - -The above reckoning has the following advantages over all previous -historicist interpretations:-- - -1. _Controverted_ dates are excluded. - -2. The _whole_ period of 2520 years is dealt with, instead of only the -latter half (1260), as is usually the case. - -3. It confines these "times" to the one place where the Lord Himself put -them, _viz._, "JERUSALEM." He said, "Jerusalem shall be trodden down of -the Gentiles, till the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled." - -These "times," therefore, are confined to Jerusalem. This "treading down" -is confined to Jerusalem. It is not the city of Rome that is to be trodden -down for 1260 years. Why, then, should these "times" be separated from -what is characteristic of their _duration_, and applied to Rome, papal or -imperial? Why should historicists search for some act of emperors or popes -in the early part of the seventh century in order to add it to 1260, so as -to find some terminal date in or near our own times!(86) - -We claim that the Lord Himself has joined these "times of the Gentiles" -with the city of "Jerusalem," and we say, "What, therefore, God hath -joined together, let not man put asunder" (Matt. xix. 6). - -When Jesus spoke of this _treading down_, it looks as though it were then -still future; for He said, "Jerusalem _shall be_ trodden down," etc., The -occupation of Jerusalem by Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome, was for -purposes of _government_ rather than for a wanton treading down. -Government on the earth was committed unto them. But when Jerusalem passed -from the government of the Roman Empire into the hands of the Turks, it -could then be said, in a very special sense, to be "trodden down." For of -any government worthy of the name there has been none; and of desolation -and desecration the city has been full. Under the feeble rule of the -Turks, all the Gentiles seem to have combined in laying waste the holy -city. - -Though Jews are returning thither in ever-increasing numbers, they are -only strangers there. They have as yet no independent position, nor can -they make any treaties. But when these "times" shall end, it means that -they will have a position of sufficient independence to be able to make a -treaty or league with the coming Prince (Dan. ix. 27); and then the course -of events will bring on another treading down of 1260 literal "days" which -will thus have had a fore-shadowing fulfilment in years! This is written -in Rev. xi. 2. And to save us from any misunderstanding, the time is -given, not in days, but in "_months_." - -The angel, after directing John to measure the Temple of God and the -altar, adds, "but the court which is without the Temple leave out, and -measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles; and the holy city shall -they tread under foot forty and two months." - -This refers to a future treading down, which will be limited to the brief -period of "forty two" literal "months," during the time of the coming -Prince; and "in the midst" of the last week, when he shall break His -covenant with the Jews,(87) set up the "abomination of desolation" (Dan -ix. 27; which is still future in Matt. xxiv. 15), and "tread down the holy -city." - -We now desire to specially emphasize the fact that all these dates, and -their termination in a rapidly approaching fulfilment, refer ONLY TO -JERUSALEM, AND THE GENTILES, AND THE JEWS! They refer only to the end of -the Gentile possession of Jerusalem, and to the settlement of the Jews in -their own city and land. - -These "times and seasons" have nothing whatever to do with "the Church of -God" (1 Thess. v. 1). The mystical Body of Christ, whenever its members -are complete, "will be taken up to meet the Lord--the Head of the Body--in -the air, so to be ever with the Lord" (1 Thess. iv. 15-17). This glorious -event has nothing to do with any earthly sign or circumstance, so far as -the members of this mystical Body are concerned. - -Therefore we are not dealing here with the coming of the Lord; either for -His saints, or with them. We are not referring to what is commonly and -erroneously called "the end of the world." We are merely pointing out that -the end of Gentile dominion _over Jerusalem_ is drawing near! And we -cannot close our eyes to the marvellous manner in which the veil is being -removed from Jewish hearts: to the change which has come over the Jewish -nation in its attitude towards Christ and Christianity, chiefly, under -God, through the unparalleled circulation of more than a quarter of a -million copies of a new translation of the New Testament into Hebrew, by -the late Isaac Salkinson, published by the Trinitarian Bible Society, and -freely distributed by the Mildmay Mission to the Jews: to the Palestine -literature which has sprung up amongst the Jews in recent years: to the -persecutions in various countries which are stirring their nest, and -setting the nation in motion: to the organized emigration to Argentina, -which its promoters avowedly speak of as "a nursery ground for Palestine" -(_Daily Graphic_, March 10th, 1892): to the railways completed and in -course of construction in the Holy Land: to the numerous Societies and -their branches which have permeated the whole nation, which, while having -various names, have only one object--"the colonisation of Palestine." - -When we put these events side by side with the teaching of the heavens as -to the "cycles" or appointed times, we are merely showing how wonderfully -they agree with what is written in the Book, and witnessed to by great and -uncontested historic dates. - -Nor are we absolutely naming a definite year or day even for these -Palestine events. After all, they can be only approximate, for man has so -misused every gift that God has ever given him, that even with such -wondrous heavenly time-keepers he cannot really tell you what year it is! -And, besides this loss of reckoning, there is confusion as to the -commencement of the A.D. era, which makes absolute accuracy between the -A.M., B.C., and A.D. dates impossible. - -Added to this, there is another point to be borne in mind, _viz._, that -when the "times of the Gentiles" shall end, Jewish independence need _not -be either immediate or complete_! - -For when Nebuchadnezzar began his kingdom of Babylon in A.M. 3376 (B.C. -625), the Jews, though in their land and city, were not independent. -Nebuchadnezzar went to and fro to Jerusalem, and put down and set up whom -he would; and it was not till some thirty years afterwards that he -destroyed the City and Temple and made the people captives. - -So, likewise, in the time of the end, there may be an _epanodos_. There -may be a similar period of possession without independence, a quasi- -independence guaranteed by the Great Powers; and, for ought we know, it -may be that, in order to gain _complete_ independence, they may ultimately -make that fatal league with the coming Prince. - -So that while we name the dates 1896-7 as being significant, we are not -"fixing dates" in the ordinary sense of the term, but merely pointing out -some of "the signs of the times," concerning which we ought not to be -ignorant. - -The _true interpretation_ will in any case still remain, and will surely -be literally fulfilled in its own time. The Word of God will be -vindicated; its prophetic truth will be verified; God Himself will be -glorified; and His people saved with an everlasting salvation. - -Meanwhile the members of His Body will "wait for His Son from heaven, whom -He raised from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to -come" (1 Thess. i. 10). They will live "looking for that blessed hope, and -the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, who -gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify -unto Himself a peculiar people (R.V., a people for His own possession) -zealous of good works" (Titus ii. 13, 14). They will "look for the -Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ," from heaven, believing that there is no -hope either for "the Jew, the Gentile, or the Church of God," or for a -groaning creation, until "the times of refreshing shall come from the -presence of the Lord; and He shall send Jesus Christ, whom the heaven must -receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath -spoken by the mouth of ALL HIS HOLY PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN" (Acts -iii. 19-21). - - - "The world is sick, and yet not unto death; - There is for it a day of health in store; - From lips of love there comes the healing breath,-- - The breath of Him who all its sickness bore, - And bids it rise to strength and beauty evermore. - - Evil still reigns; and deep within we feel - The fever, and the palsy, and the pain - Of life's perpetual heartaches, that reveal - The rooted poison, which, from heart and brain, - We labour to extract, but labour all in vain. - - Our skill avails not; ages come and go, - Yet bring with them no respite and no cure; - The hidden wound, the sigh of pent-up woe, - The sting we smother, but must still endure, - The worthless remedies which no relief procure,-- - - All these cry out for something more divine, - Which the worst woes of earth may not withstand; - Medicine that cannot fail--the oil and wine, - The balm and myrrh, growth of no earthly land, - And the all-skilful touch of the great Healer's hand. - - Man needs a prophet: Heavenly Prophet, speak, - And teach him what he is too proud to hear. - Man needs a priest: True Priest, Thy silence break, - And speak the words of pardon in his ear. - Man needs a king: O King, at length in peace appear." - - - - - -APPENDIX. NOTE ON THE SIGN LIBRA. - - -On page 47 we called attention to the point that in all probability the -Sign LIBRA was a very ancient corruption. - -The ancient Akkadian name for the _seventh_ month, which was the month -when the sun was in the Sign now called LIBRA, was _Tul-ku_, which means -_the sacred mound_, or _altar_. The Akkadian name for this Sign was _Bir_, -which means _the Light_, hence, the Lamp with its light, or the Altar with -its fire. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 1--The Circular Altar, in the Sign now called Libra. - - -Its most ancient form was a circular altar.(88) In Figure 1 we have -reproduced this,(89) and it will be at once seen that we have the original -of the disc now preserved in the _two circular scales_ which form the Sign -of LIBRA. - -The next stage of the corruption is shown in the Akkadian name of -_Scorpio_ (the Scorpion)--the Sign immediately to the left of the Altar. It -was called _Gir-tab_, which means _the Seizer and Stinger_, and the next -Figure (2), taken from an Euphratean boundary stone,(90) shows the two -Signs combined, for the Scorpion is stretching out its claws in order to -_seize_ the _Lamp_ or _Altar_. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 2--The Scorpion and the Lamp. (From a Euphratean Boundary Stone.) - - -Thus the meaning of its name is exemplified. It is called the _Seizer and -Stinger_. And just as in the constellation above it, the Serpent is -struggling with the man, while at the same time it is stretching out its -neck to seize the crown,(91) so here the Scorpion, while trying to _sting_ -the same man in the heel, is stretching out its claws to _seize_ the -altar. - -A seal on a contract, nearly 700 B.C., shows this Circular Altar actually -in the grasp of the Scorpion. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 3--Scorpion and Lamp. (From an Euphratean Seal.) - - -Figure 3 is a picture of this Euphratean Seal, preserved on a contract -made on the 8th day of the month _Tisri_, _i.e._, this same _seventh_ -month!(92) - -This then is the next stage. But Mr. Robert Brown, junr., observes, "The -_Circle_ or other representation of an _Altar_ not unnaturally disappeared -as the use of the Sign advanced westward; whether by sea, or across Asia -Minor, or both, and the _Chelai_ alone remained when the shores of the -AEgean were reached."(93) - -This is quite true, for the Greek name for the Sign was _Chelai_, which -means simply _the Claws_. And thus the Scorpion monopolised two Signs; its -body one, and its claws the other. This led to the mistake of SERVIUS, the -intelligent commentator on VIRGIL,(94) that "the Chaldean Zodiac consisted -of but eleven constellations." We now know that there were twelve Signs, -and the mistake is thus explained. - - [Illustration] - -Fig. 4--The Constellation of "the Claws." Formerly the Circular Altar, now - Libra. - - -Mr. Brown quotes ACHILLES TATIUS, about 475 A.D., in a Fragment on the -_Phainomena_, who says, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~} {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}.(95) - -ARATUS says that "some few stars of the _Claws_ are in the (Celestial) -Equator." And PTOLEMY describes the stars, now reckoned in LIBRA, as being -in what he calls "The Constellation of the Claws." We have reproduced them -so that his description of them may be readily traced. He speaks of-- - - - "The bright one of those at the end of the southern _Claw_." (It - is named _Zuben el Genubi_ and now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}). - - "The one more northerly than it, and dimmer" (now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}). - - "The bright one of those at the end of the northern _Claw_" (named - _Zuben el Chemali_, and now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}). - - "The one in front of it and dim" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}). - - "The one in the middle of the southern _Claw_" (1 i). - - "The one in the middle of the northern _Claw_" (now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}). - - "The one behind it in the same _Claw_" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}). - - "The foremost of the three more northerly than the northern - _Claws_" (1 f). - - "The southern one of the two hindmost" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}). - - "The hindmost of the three between the _Claws_" (one of the stars - now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} or {~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}). - - "The northern of the two remaining and preceding ones" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~}). - - "The southern one of them" (n). - - -This is how the stars formerly in the Sign of the (Circular) ALTAR, came -to be reckoned in _the Claws_ of the Scorpion; and this is how the -circular scales of LIBRA came to be substituted for the ancient _Circular_ -ALTAR. - -This corruption of the primitive teaching of the ALTAR, shows how the -enemy attempted to _seize_ on the Atonement, bring in "the way of Cain," -and substitute _human merit_ for the atoning sacrifice of Christ; thus -perverting the truth at its fountain head. Just as in Gen. iii. we have -the woman's promised Seed in conflict with the Enemy, so in Gen. iv. we -see the Scorpion's claws--"the way of Cain" in conflict with "the way of -God." - -There can be but little doubt, therefore, that the first Sign of the -Zodiac was VIRGO, the second was the ALTAR, and the third was the -SCORPION. The lesson which they teach is clear: The Seed of the woman -(VIRGO), who was to come as a child, should be a sacrifice (the ALTAR) for -the sins of His people; endure a great conflict with the enemy (SCORPIO), -in which He should be wounded in the heel; but should in the end crush and -tread the enemy under foot. - - - - - - -FOOTNOTES - - - 1 For what is meant by "Structure," see _A Key to the Psalms_, by the - late Rev. Thos. Boys, edited by the present author, 7, St. Paul's - Churchyard. Price Five shillings. - - 2 _Viz._, in _A_ (verses 7, 8),-- - - "Converting," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, _to return_, as the sun in the heavens. - - "Testimony," from {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to repeat_, hence, _a witness_, spoken of - the sun in Ps. lxxxix. 37. - - "Sure," {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN~}, _faithful_, as the sun. (Ps. lxxxix. 37.) - - "Enlightening," from {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to give light_, as the sun. (Gen. i. 15, - 17, 18; Isa. lx. 19; Ezek. xxxii. 7.) - - In _B_ (verses 11, 12, 13),-- - - "Warned," from {~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to make light_, hence, _to teach_, - _admonish_. - - "Keeping," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to keep_, _observe_, as the heavens. (Ps. - cxxx. 6; Isa. xxi. 11.) Or as the heavenly bodies _observe_ God's - ordinances. - - "Errors," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, _to wander_, as the planets. - - "Keep back," {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}, _to hold back_, _restrain_. - - "Have dominion over," from {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _to rule_. Spoken of the sun and - moon in Gen. i. 18. "The sun to rule the day," &c. (Ps. cxxxvi. 8, - 9.) - - 3 The other half of the Psalm is just as perfectly arranged. For - example, there are six words used (verses 7-9) to describe the - fulness of the Word of God, and they are thus placed, alternately:-- - - F | _Two_ feminine singulars. (Law and Testimony.) - G | _One_ masculine plural. (Statutes.) - _F_ | _Two_ feminine singulars. (Commandment and Fear.) - _G_ | _One_ masculine plural. (Judgments.) - - 4 From {~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to cut into_, or _grave_, hence, _to write_. It has the - two senses of our English verb _tell_, which means _to count_, and - also _to narrate_. The first occurrence is Gen. xv. 5, "_Tell_ - ({~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}) the stars, if thou be able to _number_ ({~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}) them." Gen. - xxiv. 66, "The servant _told_ Isaac all things that he had done." - Ps. lxxi. 15, "My mouth shall _show forth_ ({~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _tell of_, - R.V.) thy righteousness and thy salvation all the day; for I know - not the _numbers_ ({~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _i.e._, _the accounts_) of them," - _i.e._, all the particulars. - - 5 From {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to be heavy, weight_, the context determining whether - the weight spoken of is advantageous or not. The first occurrence is - Gen. xii. 10, "The famine was _grievous_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}) in the land." The - next, xiii. 2, "Abram was very _rich_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~})." It is often applied - to persons who are _of weight_ and _importance_, hence, glorious and - honourable. It is used of the _glory_ of the Lord, and of God - Himself, as we use Majesty of a person. See Isa. iii. 8; iv. 2; xi. - 10; xliii. 20; Hag. ii. 8; Ex. xvi. 7; xxiv. 17; 1 Sam. iv. 21; Pss. - xxvi. 8 (_honour_); lxiii. 3. - - 6 From {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER GIMEL~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to set before_, _to set forth_, _to shew_. First - occurrence, Gen. iii. 11, "Who _told_ thee that thou wast naked." - Ps. xcvii. 6, "The heavens _declare_ His righteousness"; cxi. 6, - "_He hath shewed_ his people the power of his works." - - 7 This is the English idiom for the Hebrew "Day to day." The {~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~} is used - in its sense of _adding_ or superadding to, as in Isa. xxviii. 10, - {~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~} {~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}, "precept to precept;" _i.e._, precept after precept, line - after line. Gen. xlvi. 26, "All the souls that came with Jacob" - ({~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER QOF~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, to Jacob; _i.e._, in addition to Jacob. So here, "Day to - day;" _i.e._, Day in addition to day, or, as we say, Day after day). - - 8 From {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}, _to tell forth_, akin to {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _to prophesy_, from root - _to pour forth_. Lit., here, poureth forth discourse. Ps. cxlv. 9, - "abundantly utter." - - 9 Their line, {~HEBREW LETTER QOF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}, _i.e._, their measuring line. By the figure of - metonymy the _line_ which measures is put for the portion or - heritage which is measured, as in many other places. See Ps. xvi. 6, - "The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a - goodly heritage." (See also Ps. lxxviii. 55, &c.) Here, it means - that "Their measuring line has gone forth unto all the earth - ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~})"; _i.e._, All the earth inherits this their testimony - (_i.e._, has this testimony for its heritage), and to the ends of - the world ({~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _the inhabited world_) their instruction has gone - forth. With this agrees, in sense, the LXX. here, and Rom. x. 16, - which each has {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _a sound_, or _voice_; _i.e._, a sound in - relation to the hearer, rather than to that which causes it. The - meaning of the passage is, "All the earth has their _sound_ or - testimony as its heritage, and the ends of the world hear their - words." Symmachus has {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _a sound_, or _report_. - - 10 {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~} means _that which is hot_, and is a poetical name of the sun - itself. - - 11 Job is thought by some to be the Jobab mentioned in Gen. x. 29, the - third in descent from Eber. - - 12 Note the structure of this verse:-- - - A | The seven stars, - B | Orion, - _A_ | The twelve signs, - _B_ | Arcturus. - - 13 General Chesney allowed the late Dean Goode to copy the passage, - among other matters, from his private MS. The Dean quotes it in his - _Warburtonian Lectures_ (2nd Ed., Note I. to Sermon IV., p. 170-1.) - - 14 Fragments of these coloured glazed bricks are to be seen in the - British Museum. - - 15 _Babylonian Life and History_, p. 36. - - 16 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}. - - 17 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}. - - 18 Besides this _monthly_ difference, there is an _annual_ difference; - for at the end of twelve months the sun does not come back to - exactly the same point in the sign which commenced the year, but is - a little behind it. But this difference, though it occurs every - year, is so small that it will take 25,579 years for the sun to - complete this vast cycle, which is called _The precession of the - Equinoxes_; _i.e._, about one degree in every 71 years. If the sun - came back to the precise point at which it began the year, each - _sign_ would correspond, always and regularly, exactly with a - particular _month_; but, owing to this constant regression, the sun - (while it goes through the whole twelve signs every year) commences - the year in one sign for only about 2,131 years. In point of fact, - since the Creation the commencement of the year has changed to the - extent of nearly three of the signs. When Virgil sings-- - - "_The White Bull with golden horns opens the year_," - - he does not record what took place in his own day. This is another - proof of the antiquity of these signs. - - The _Ecliptic_, or path of the sun, if it could be viewed from - immediately beneath the Polar Star, would form a complete and - perfect circle, would be concentric with the _Equator_, and all the - stars and the sun would appear to move in this circle, never rising - or setting. To a person north or south of the Equator the stars - therefore rise and set obliquely; while to a person on the Equator - they rise and set perpendicularly, each star being twelve hours - above and twelve below the horizon. - - The points where the two circles (the _Ecliptic_ and the _Equator_) - intersect each other are called the _Equinoctial points_. It is the - movement of these points (which are now moving from Aries to Pisces) - which gives rise to the term, "_the precession of the Equinoxes_." - - 19 It is exactly the same with the books of the Bible. Their order and - their names, _as we have them_ in the English Bible, are those which - _man_ has given them, copied from the Septuagint and Vulgate, and in - many cases are not the Divine names according to the Hebrew Canon. - - 20 Here, the fact of His humiliation, together with this long period of - His rejection, is leaped over, and the prophecy passes on at - once--over at least a period of 1893 years--to this "glory which - should follow." - - 21 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, _Al Mureddin_. - - 22 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, _Zavijavah_. - - 23 The star now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}. - - 24 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~}. - - 25 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _Al Zimach_. - - 26 The stars are known by Greek letters and sometimes by numbers, &c. - Alpha ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}) denotes a star of the _first_ magnitude; Beta ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}), the - second, and so on. This plan was originated by Bayer in his - _Uranometria_, 1603. The star _Alpha_, as seen in the New Great - Equatorial Telescope recently set up at Greenwich, is now discovered - to be really a _double_ star, though it had hitherto always appeared - to be _one_. - - 27 Jer. xxxiii. 15 being only a repetition of Jer. xxiii. 5. - - 28 From {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~} which occurs only in Ps. lxiii. 1, "my flesh _longeth_ - for thee." It is akin to {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to desire_. Ps. xix. 10; Is. liii. - 2; Hag. ii. 7; etc. - - 29 A Latin translation of his work is in the British Museum Library. He - says the Persians understood these signs, but that the Indians - perverted them with inventions. - - 30 The constellations are called _Decans_. The word means _a part_, and - is used of the three parts into which each sign is divided, each of - which is occupied by a constellation. - - 31 It appears that MM. Saulnier, fils, and Lelorrain arrived while - Signor Bossi was engaged in copying it, but concealed their design - to remove it. The King of France paid L6,250 sterling for it. It has - since been copied, and lithographs have been published. - - 32 Act IV., Scene 3. - - 33 _I.e._, _come forth_ (as in the R.V.). _At_, as the preposition {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~} is - rendered in Gen. iii. 24. "There shall come forth a star at or over - the inheritance or possessions of Jacob," thus indicating the - locality which would be on the _meridian_ of this star. - - 34 It ought also to be noted that in the preceding year there were - three conjunctions of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, at the end of - May and October, and at the beginning of December. Kepler - (1571-1631) was the first to point this out, and his calculations - have been confirmed by the highest authorities. These conjunctions - occurred in the sign of PISCES: and this sign, according to all the - ancient Jewish authorities (Josephus, Abarbanel, Eliezer, and - others), has special reference to _Israel_. The conjunction of - Jupiter and Saturn, they hold, always marked the occurrence of some - event _favourable to Israel_; while Kepler, calculating backwards, - found that this astronomical phenomenon always coincided with some - great historical crisis, _viz._: the Revelation to Adam, the birth - of Enoch, the Revelation to Noah, the birth of Moses, the birth of - Cyrus, the birth of Christ, the birth of Charlemagne, and the birth - of Luther. - - 35 The ancient name could not have been _Booetes_! though it is derived - from, and may be a reminiscence of the Hebrew. - - 36 ARATUS calls him _Arctophylax_, _i.e._, the guardian of Arctos, the - flock of the greater fold, called to-day the Great Bear:-- - - "Behind, and seeming to urge on the Bear, - Arctophylax, on earth Booetes named, - Sheds o'er the Arctic car his silver light." - - By some moderns he is mistakenly called _The Waggoner_. Hence the - allusion of Thompson:-- - - "Wide o'er the spacious regions of the North, - Booetes urges on his tardy wain." - - This perversion scarcely does justice even to human common sense, as - waggoners do not use a sickle for a whip! - - 37 The constellation is a very brilliant one, having 54 stars, _viz._, - one of the 1st magnitude, six of the 3rd, eleven of the 4th, etc. - - The constellation of the _Canes Venatici_ (_the Greyhounds_), - _i.e._, the two dogs (Asterion and Chara), which Booetes holds by a - leash, is quite a modern invention, being added by Hevelius - (1611-1687). The bright star of the 3rd magnitude in the neck of - Chara, was named "_Cor Caroli_" (_the heart of Charles_) by Sir - Charles Scarborough, physician to Charles II., in honour of Charles - I., in 1649. This is a good example of the almost infinite distance - between the ancient and modern names. The former are full of - mysterious significance and grandeur, while the latter are puerile - in the extreme, almost approaching to the comic! _e.g._, the Air - Pump, the Painter's Easel, the Telescope, the Triangle, the Fly, the - Microscope, the Indian, the Fox and Goose, the Balloon, the Toucan - (or American Goose), the Compasses, Charles's Oak, the Cat, the - Clock, the Unicorn, &c. The vast difference can be at once seen - between those designed by the ancients and those added by - astronomers in more recent times. - - These new constellations were added, 22 by Hevelius (1611-1687); and - 15 by Halley (1656-1742). They were formed for the purpose of - embracing those stars which were not included in the ancient - constellations. This shows that the old constellations were not - designed, like the modern ones, merely for the sake of enabling - astronomers to identify the positions of particular stars. In this - case _all_ the stars would have been included. _The object was - exactly the opposite_! Instead of the pictures being designed to - serve to identify the stars, only certain stars were used for the - purpose of helping _to identify the pictures_! - - This is another important proof of the truth of our whole argument. - - 38 See quotation from Dr. Budge, on page 12. - - 39 And certainly the symbol by which it is still known {~LIBRA~} is more like - the top of an altar (See _Ara_, Plate XIV.) than a pair of balances, - to which we can trace no resemblance whatever. See Note in the - Appendix. - - 40 _Antares_ seems also to have been known as _Lesath_. - - 41 Luke xxii. 53: comp. Col. i. 13 and Eph. vi. 12. - - 42 In 1604 a new star appeared in the eastern foot of Ophiuchus, but - disappeared again in 1605. - - 43 There is an ancient Greek fable which calls Ophiuchus AEsculapius, - the son of Apollo. Having restored Hippolytus to life, he was - everywhere worshipped as the god of health, and hence the serpent - entwined around him is, to this day, the symbol of the medical art! - This, however, is, doubtless, another perversion of the primitive - truth that the Coming One in overcoming the serpent, should become - the great healer of all the sorrows of the world, and cause all its - groanings to cease. - - 44 _Cerberus_, or the serpent with three heads, was placed by Hevelius - (1611-1687) by the side of Hercules. Bayer had previously placed the - apple branch in his hand. This was symbolical of the golden apples - of _Hesperides_, which he obtained by killing the three-headed - _hydra_, by whom they were guarded. In our picture these are - combined, and a bow and quiver added from other ancient authorities. - - 45 In our picture we have combined the two great thoughts, taking the - _harp_ from a picture dug up at Herculaneum, and adding an eagle - soaring up with it. - - 46 This is the first time that the word "Alleluia" occurs in the New - Testament, and it is praise for judgment executed. - - Where is its first occurrence in the Old Testament? In Ps. civ. 35, - where we have the very same solemn and significant connection:-- - - "Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, - And let the wicked be no more. - Bless thou the LORD, O my soul, - HALLELUJAH (Praise ye the LORD)." - - 47 There is a fish tail here. The third Decan of CAPRICORNUS is a fish - (_Delphinus_). There is again a fish (_Piscis Australis_) in the - next sign (AQUARIUS), and then the following sign is PISCES, or the - Fishes. So that the Redeemed Multitudes are presented throughout - this Second Book. - - 48 When we come to the last chapter of this book we shall see that the - Sun was in the sign of the other sacrificial animal, ARIES, at the - very hour of the Crucifixion. And ARIES sets before us the victory - of "the Lamb that was slain." - - 49 The eleventh, because everyone begins to reckon from ARIES, and not - as we have done from VIRGO, as shown by the riddle of the Sphinx. - See page 20. - - 50 And in great contrast with several modern ones near it, _e.g._, the - Balloon, the Sculptor's Apparatus, the Microscope, Euclid's Square, - the Telescope, etc., etc. - - 51 How inconsistent when there were three such conjunctions in one - year, all in the same sign of PISCES, immediately preceding the - birth of the woman's Seed; and in addition to this the new star - which had been foretold. See under _Coma_, Pages 36, 37, 38. - - 52 The figure of _Tapeinosis_, which calls our attention to that fact - that He was delighted thus to be called. - - 53 There are 113 stars in this sign, none of any great importance; only - one of the 3rd magnitude, five of the 4th, etc. - - 54 "El Nath" is used by Chaucer as the name of a spring star. - - 55 TAURUS then marked the Spring Equinox. - - 56 "Thy beauty; for it was perfect through My comeliness, which I put - upon thee (Jerusalem), saith the LORD" (Ezek. xvi. 14). - - 57 Those who interpret the Queen here of the Church as the Bride, - interpret the "Virgins" in Matt. xxv. of the Bride also. But how - inconsistent! If the "Virgins" be the Church in Matt. xxv., then - where is the Bride? If the Queen is the Bride (the Church) in Ps. - xlv., then who are the "virgins her companions"? Both cannot be the - correct interpretation. In fact, both are wrong, and hence the - _confusion_. The Bride must be interpreted by the Old Testament - scriptures, and the Prophecies which belong to Israel must not be - robbed and given to the Church. They cannot be thus diverted without - bringing confusion into the Scripture, and causing loss to our - souls. - - 58 See Job xxxix. 14, 15, where it is said, the ostrich "leaveth her - eggs in the dust, forgetting that the foot may crush them, or that - the wild beast may break them." - - 59 The others have names, but they were given by the Greeks from the - names of the seven daughters of _Atlas_ and _Pleione_. The Hyades - were their sisters. Together they tell us that the saints will be - secure with this mighty Lord when he comes to rule. - - 60 The Pleiades and Hyades are sometimes spoken of as constellations, - but this is a mistake; they are integral parts of Taurus. - - 61 See Jer. xxx. 21; and Matt. xxi. 10. - - 62 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the belt) is called _Mintaka_, _dividing_, as a - sacrifice. (Lev. viii. 2.) - - 63 Note, that-- - - In a and _a_, we have the rising of Israel; - In b and _b_, the light that is come upon her; - In c and _c_, the glory of the LORD; and - In d and _d_, the darkness of the world. - - 64 It is also reckoned in the horn of Taurus. - - 65 The same as in 2 Sam. iv. 1. - - 66 Our English "Sir" is derived from this word. - - 67 _Euphratean Stellar Researches_. - - 68 Marg., "_the captives of the just_," or, as read by _the Vulg._ and - _Syr._, "_the captives of the terrible_." - - 69 The Scarabaeus, passing its early existence as a worm of the earth, - and thence issuing as a winged denizen of heaven, was held sacred by - the Egyptians as an emblem of the resurrection of the body. - - 70 The _Ass_ was the emblem of _Typhon_, the king _who smites_ or _is - smitten_. - - 71 The word is so rendered in Judges v. 16, in A.V. - - 72 _Euphratean Stellar Researches_, pp. 8, 9. - - 73 The Graeco-Judean equivalent of Joshua or Jesus. - - 74 Jamieson's _Scientific Display_, &c., p. 58. - - 75 (1) _Gor_, a lion's whelp. (2) _Ciphir_, a young lion when first - hunting for himself. (3) _Sachal_, a mature lion in full strength. - (4) _Laish_, a fierce lion. (5) _Labia_, a lioness; and (6) _Arieh_, - an adult lion, having paired, in search of his prey (Nah. ii. 12; 2 - Sam. xvii. 10; Num. xxiii. 24). - - 76 The passage consists really of two members, each of which is - arranged as an introversion, where the subject of 1 corresponds to - 7; 2 corresponds to 6; etc. - - 77 General Vallancey spells _Saros_ {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~}, which amounts to 666 by - Gematria! _Viz._, {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~} = 300 + {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~} = 70 + {~HEBREW LETTER RESH~} = 200 + {~HEBREW LETTER VAV~} = 6 + {~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~} = 90 = 666. - - 78 These facts are kindly supplied by Mr. E. W. Maunder, of the Royal - Observatory, Greenwich, who gives another example, as follows:-- - - In A.D. 586 there were two solar eclipses: on June 22 (Julian) the - old and dying eclipse, and on July 22 (Julian) another (the new - one). A _Saros_ (_viz._, 18 years and 11 days) earlier _there was - only one_, _viz._ on June 11 (Julian), A.D. 568, there being no - eclipse on July 11 of that year. - - The last appearance of this new eclipse, which first appeared on - July 22, 586, was on August 28 (Greg.), 1848, so that it had a life - history of 70 _Sari_, amounting to 1,262 years 36 days (after the - Julian dates have been corrected to correspond to the Gregorian). - Thus the eclipse that died, so to speak, on August 28 (Greg.), 1848, - first appeared on July 22 (Julian) in A.D. 586. See an important - article on Eclipses by Mr. E. W. Maunder in _Knowledge_, for October - 1893, where other _life-histories_ of eclipses are given, and the - whole subject of eclipses clearly explained. - - 79 The relations between 595 years and 1,262 years 36 days, are the - same as the relations between 594 years and 1,260 years. The - difference of the 2 years 36 days is due to the excess of 10.96 days - over the 18 completed years in each _Saros._ - - 80 This is the date which concerns only the _City of Jerusalem_. The - Romans were not completely driven out from _the land_ until Caesarea - had fallen in 638, when the conquest was finally completed. See - Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_. - - 81 This date 636-7 is a great and important central date, whether we - reckon backwards or forwards; whether we reckon them as _Lunar_, - _Zodiacal_ (360 days), or _Solar_ (365 days) years. - - (1.) If we take _Lunar years_ (= 1222-1/2 Solar)-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_, we get to 587 B.C., the very date of the - destruction of the Temple by Nebuchadnezzar. - - (b.) reckoning _forward_, we get to 1860 A.D., the very date of the - European intervention in the Lebanon, which has brought the Eastern - Question into its present prominent position. - - (2.) If we take _Zodiacal years_ (= 1242 Solar)-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_ we get to 608 B.C., the date of the battle - of Carchemish (2 Chron. xxxv. 20), when Babylon completed the - conquest of Assyria, and became supreme; utterly shattering all the - hope which Israel had in Egypt. - - (b.) reckoning _forward_ brings us to 1879 A.D., when, by the Treaty - of Berlin, Ottoman power received a blow from which it has never - recovered, and which has prepared the way for its extinction. - - (3.) If we take _Solar years_, then-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_, we get to B.C. 624 (A.M. 3376), the - beginning of the Babylonian kingdom, the "head of gold." - - (b.) reckoning _forward_ we get to 1896-7 A.D., which is yet future. - - These reckonings in their _beginnings_ and _endings_ form an - _introversion_, or _Epanodos_, thus:-- - - 587 B.C. ... 606 B.C. ... 624 B.C. ... dates increasing. - - 1860 A.D. ... 1879 A.D. ... 1896-7 A.D. ... dates increasing. - - The _Solar_ reckonings are the more important dates; the _Lunar_ are - next in significance; while _Zodiacal_ reckonings furnish us with - dates which, to say the least, fit neatly into their places. - - 82 These dates are those furnished by the Monuments, as given by Dr. - Budge, of the British Museum, in his _Babylonian Life and History_, - R.T.S., 1885. They also agree with the dates dug up by Sir Henry - Rawlinson in 1862, consisting of fragments of seven copies of the - famous "Eponym Canon of Assyria," by which the Assyrian chronology - has been definitely settled. Before this, historians had to be - content with inferences and conjectures. - - 83 In adjusting the A.M. and B.C. dates, the latter are always - apparently one year in advance of the former, because B.C. 4000 was - A.M. 1, and B.C. 3999 was A.M. 2. Hence A.M. 3376 is not B.C. 624, - but it is B.C. 625. - - 84 Cyrus took Babylon, according to the Monuments, in the 17th year of - Nabonidus, B.C. 539. 1 Maccabees i. begins the first of Alexander - from the death of Darius Codomannus in A.M. 3672. This would - slightly vary the above distribution of the years of separate - duration. - - 85 In passing from B.C. dates to A.D. dates, _one year must always be - deducted_, _e.g._, from B.C. 2 to A.D. 2 is only _three_ years, not - four! Thus-- - - From Jan. 1 B.C. 2 to Jan. 1 B.C. 1 is one year. - - From Jan. 1 B.C. 1 to Jan. 1 A.D. 1 is one year. - - From Jan. 1 A.D. 1 to Jan. 1 A.D. 2 is one year. - - These make only _three_ years. - - Hence, B.C. 31 to A.D. 636 is 666 years, not 667. - - 86 While the _premisses_ of the Historicist school are thus - strengthened, their _conclusions_ are shown to be erroneous. - - 87 And cause sacrifice and oblation to cease (Dan. ix. 27). We know - that is referred, by historicists, to the Messiah. But they are not - entitled to so interpret this passage unless they take with it viii. - 11, xi. 31, and xii. 11, where the same event is distinctly referred - to, and is spoken, not of Christ, but of Antichrist. - - 88 See ARATOS, line 440. - - 89 As proved by Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., in his _Remarks on the - Euphratean Astronomical Names of the Signs of the Zodiac_ (p. 16). - - 90 By the kind permission of Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., _The Celestial - Equator of Aratos_, p. 466. - - 91 See this shown on the cover of this book. - - 92 Menant, _Empreintes de Cachets Assyro-Chaldeens_, 9. "Sur un contrat - date du 8 Tisri, de l'annee de Bin-takkil-ani, 690 ou 645 avant - J.C." - - 93 _Researches on the Euphratean Astronomical Names of the Signs of the - Zodiac_, p. 17. - - 94 In _Georgica_, i. 33. - - 95 AP PETAVIUS, _Uranologion_, 168, "_The claws, called by the - Egyptians Zugon_," _i.e._, _the yoke_ that joins any two things - together. - - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WITNESS OF THE STARS*** - - - -CREDITS - - -May 21, 2015 - - Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1 - Produced by David Garcia, Jeff G., David King, and the Online - Distributed Proofreading Team at <http://www.pgdp.net/>. - - - -A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG - - -This file should be named 49018.txt or 49018.zip. - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - - - http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/9/0/1/49018/ - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one -- the old editions will be -renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law -means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the -Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States -without permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/49018.zip b/49018.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 4c0b86b..0000000 --- a/49018.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/49018-8.txt b/old/49018-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8660756..0000000 --- a/old/49018-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7707 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Witness of the Stars by Ethelbert -William Bullinger - - - -This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -http://www.gutenberg.org/license. If you are not located in the United -States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located -before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The Witness of the Stars - -Author: Ethelbert William Bullinger - -Release Date: May 21, 2015 [Ebook #49018] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO 8859-1 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WITNESS OF THE STARS*** - - - - - - The Witness of the Stars - - By The - - Rev. Ethelbert William Bullinger, D.D. - - "_HE telleth the number of the stars;_ - _He giveth them all their names._" (Ps. cxlvii. 4. R.V.) - - Published by the Author - - London - - 1893 - - - - - -CONTENTS - - -Preface. -Introduction. -The First Book. The Redeemer. - Chapter I. The Sign VIRGO. - 1. COMA (The Woman and Child). - 2. CENTAURUS (The Centaur). - 3. BOTES (The Coming One). - Chapter II. The Sign LIBRA. - 1. CRUX (The Cross). - 2. LUPUS or VICTIMA (The Victim). - 3. CORONA (The Crown). - Chapter III. The Sign SCORPIO. - 1 and 2. SERPENS and OPHIUCHUS. - 3. HERCULES (The Mighty Man). - Chapter IV. The Sign SAGITTARIUS. - 1. LYRA (The Harp). - 2. ARA (The Altar). - 3. DRACO (The Dragon). -The Second Book. The Redeemed. - Chapter I. The Sign CAPRICORNUS (The Sea Goat). - 1. SAGITTA (The Arrow). - 2. AQUILA (The Eagle). - 3. DELPHINUS (The Dolphin). - Chapter II. The Sign AQUARIUS (The Water Bearer). - 1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (The Southern Fish). - 2. PEGASUS (The Winged Horse). - 3. CYGNUS (The Swan). - Chapter III. The Sign PISCES (The Fishes). - 1. THE BAND. - 2. ANDROMEDA (The Chained Woman). - 3. CEPHEUS (The King). - Chapter IV. The Sign ARIES (The Ram or Lamb). - 1. CASSIOPEIA (The Enthroned Woman). - 2. CETUS (The Sea Monster). - 3. PERSEUS ("The Breaker.") -The Third Book. The Redeemer. - Chapter I. The Sign TAURUS (The Bull). - 1. ORION (The Coming Prince). - 2. ERIDANUS (The River of the Judge). - 3. AURIGA (The Shepherd). - Chapter II. The Sign GEMINI (The Twins). - 1. LEPUS (the Hare), THE ENEMY. - 2. CANIS MAJOR (The Dog), or SIRIUS (The Prince). - 3. CANIS MINOR (The Second Dog). - Chapter III. The Sign CANCER (The Crab). - 1. URSA MINOR (The Little Bear). - 2. URSA MAJOR (The Great Bear). - 3. ARGO (The Ship). - Chapter IV. The Sign LEO (The Lion). - 1. HYDRA (The Serpent). - 2. CRATER (The Cup). - 3. CORVUS (The Raven). -Summary. -"For Signs And For Seasons." -Appendix. Note on the Sign LIBRA. -Footnotes - - - - - - - [Cover Art] - - - - - -[Transcribers Note: This e-book contains countless special symbols, and -characters from uncommon character sets. If you see unrenderable -characters, you may need to change to a font that has the needed Unicode -blocks. It uses these uncommon character sets: Greek (Unicode U+0370 -through U+03FF), Greek Extended (U+1F00 through U+1FFF), Hebrew (U+0590 -through U+05FF), and Miscellaneous Symbols (U+2600 through U+26FF). Hebrew -pointings and Greek markings are as provided in the original book, and -some differ from the usual pointings and markings for those words.] - - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Some years ago it was my privilege to enjoy the acquaintance of Miss -Frances Rolleston, of Keswick, and to carry on a correspondence with her -with respect to her work, _Mazzaroth: or, the Constellations_. She was the -first to create an interest in this important subject. Since then Dr. -Seiss, of Philadelphia, has endeavoured to popularize her work on the -other side of the Atlantic; and brief references have been made to the -subject in such books as _Moses and Geology_, by Dr. Kinns, and in -_Primeval Man_; but it was felt, for many reasons, that it was desirable -to make another effort to set forth, in a more complete form, the _witness -of the stars to prophetic truth_, so necessary in these last days. - -To the late Miss Rolleston, however, belongs the honour of collecting a -mass of information bearing on this subject; but, published as it was, -chiefly in the form of _notes_, unarranged and unindexed, it was suited -only for, but was most valuable to, the student. She it was who performed -the drudgery of collecting the facts presented by Albumazer, the Arab -astronomer to the Caliphs of Grenada, 850 A.D.; and the Tables drawn up by -Ulugh Beigh, the Tartar prince and astronomer, about 1450 A.D., who gives -the Arabian Astronomy as it had come down from the earliest times. - -Modern astronomers have preserved, and still have in common use, the -ancient names of over a hundred of the principal stars which have been -handed down; but now these names are used merely as a convenience, and -without any reference to their significance. - -This work is an attempt to popularize this ancient information, and to use -it in the interests of truth. - -For the ancient astronomical facts and the names, with their -signification, I am, from the very nature of the case, indebted, of -course, to all who have preserved, collected, and handed them down; but -for their interpretation I am alone responsible. - -It is for the readers to judge how far my conclusions are borne out by the -evidence; and how far the foundation of our hopes of coming glory are -strengthened by the prophecies which have been written in the stars of -heaven, as well as in the Scriptures of truth. - -For the illustrations I am greatly indebted to Jamieson's _Celestial -Atlas_, 1820; Flammarion's _L'toiles_; Sir John W. Lubbock's _Stars in -Six Maps_, 1883; and to the late Mr. Edward J. Cooper's _Egyptian -Scenery_, 1820. For the general presentation and arrangement of the -Constellations I am responsible, while for the drawings my thanks are due -to my friend Miss Amy Manson. - -It is the possession of "that blessed hope" of Christ's speedy return from -Heaven which will give true interest in the great subject of this book. - -No one can dispute the antiquity of the Signs of the Zodiac, or of the -Constellations. No one can question the accuracy of the ancient star-names -which have come down to us, for they are still preserved in every good -celestial atlas. And we hope that no one will be able to resist the -cumulative evidence that, apart from God's grace in Christ there is no -hope for sinners now: and apart from God's glory, as it will be manifested -in the return of Christ from Heaven, there is no hope for the Church, no -hope for Israel, no hope for the world, no hope for a groaning creation. -In spite of all the vaunted promises of a religious World, and of a -worldly Church, to remove the effects of the curse by a Social Gospel of -Sanitation, we are more and more shut up to the prophecy of Gen. iii. 15, -which we wait and long to see fulfilled in Christ as our only hope. This -is beautifully expressed by the late Dr. William Leask:-- - - - And is there none before? No perfect peace - Unbroken by the storms and cares of life, - Until the time of waiting for Him cease, - By His appearing to destroy the strife? - No, none before. - - Do we not hear that through the flag of grace - By faithful messengers of God unfurled, - All men will be converted, and the place - Of man's rebellion be a holy world? - Yes, so we hear. - - Is it not true that to the Church is given - The holy honour of dispelling night, - And bringing back the human race to heaven, - By kindling everywhere the Gospel light? - It is not true. - - Is this the hope--that Christ the Lord will come, - In all the glory of His royal right, - Redeemer and Avenger, taking home - His saints, and crushing the usurper's might? - This is the hope. - - -May the God of all grace accept and bless this effort to show forth His -glory, and use it to strengthen His people in waiting for His Son from -Heaven, even Jesus which delivered us from the wrath to come. - -Ethelbert W. Bullinger. - -_August 31st, 1893._ - - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -For more than two thousand five hundred years the world was without a -written revelation from God. The question is, Did God leave Himself -without a witness? The question is answered very positively by the written -Word that He did not. In Rom. i. 19 it is declared that, "that which may -be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath showed it unto them. For -the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world are clearly -seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power -and Godhead; so that they are without excuse." But how was God known? How -were His "invisible things," _i.e._, His plans, His purposes, and His -counsels, known since the creation of the world? We are told by the Holy -Spirit in Rom. x. 18. Having stated in _v._ 17 that "Faith cometh by -hearing and hearing by the Word ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _the thing spoken_, _sayings_) of -God," He asks, "But I say, Have they not heard? Yes, verily." And we may -ask, How have they heard? The answer follows--"Their sound went into all -the earth ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}) and their words ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _their teaching_, _message_, -_instruction_) unto the ends of the world ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~})." What words? What -instruction? Whose message? Whose teaching? There is only one answer, and -that is, THE HEAVENS! This is settled by the fact that the passage is -quoted from Ps. xix., the first part of which is occupied with the -Revelation of God written in _the Heavens_, and the latter part with the -Revelation of God written in the _Word_. - -This is the simple explanation of this beautiful Psalm. This is why its -two subjects are brought together. It has often perplexed many why there -should be that abrupt departure in verse 7--"The law of the Lord is -perfect, converting the soul." The fact is, there is nothing abrupt in it, -and it is no departure. It is simply the transition to the second of the -two great Revelations which are thus placed in juxtaposition. The first is -the Revelation of the Creator, _El_, {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, in His _works_, while the second -is the Revelation of the Covenant Jehovah, {~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, in His _Word_. And it -is noteworthy that while in the first half of the Psalm, _El_ is named -only once, in the latter half _Jehovah_ is named _seven_ times, the last -being threefold (Jehovah, Rock, and Redeemer), concluding the Psalm. - -Let us then turn to Ps. xix., and note first-- - - - - -The Structure(1) of the Psalm as a whole. - - - A | 1-4-. The Heavens. - B | -4-6. "In them" ({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}) the Sun. - A | 7-10. The Scriptures. - B | 11-14. "In them" ({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}) Thy Servant. - - -In the _Key to the Psalms_, p. 17, it is pointed out that the terms -employed in _A_ and _B_ are _astronomical_,(2) while in A and B they are -_literary_. Thus the two parts are significantly connected and united. - -Ewald and others imagine that this Psalm is made up of two fragments of -separate Psalms composed at different periods and brought together by a -later editor! - -But this is disproved not only by what has been said concerning the -structure of the Psalm as a whole, and the interlacing of the astronomical -and the literary terms in the two parts, but it is also shown by more -minute details. - -Each half consists of two portions which correspond the one to the other, -A answering to _A_, and B to _B_. Moreover, each half, as well as each -corresponding member, consists of the same number of lines; those in the -first half being, by the _csura_, short, while those in the last half are -long (or double). - - - A | 1-4-. Eight lines - B | -4-6. Six lines - _A_ | 7-10. Eight lines - _B_ | 11-14. Six lines - - -If we confine ourselves to the first half of the Psalm(3) (A and B, verses -1-6), with which we are now alone concerned, we see a still more minute -proof of Divine order and perfection. - - - - -The Structure of A and B. - - - A & B | C | 1. The heavens. - | D | 2. Their testimony: incessant. (Pos.) - | E | 3. Their words inaudible. (Neg.) - | _D_ | 4-. Their testimony: universal. (Pos.) - | _C_ | -4-6. The heavens. - - -Here we have an _introversion_, in which the extremes (C and _C_) are -occupied with the _heavens_; while the means (D, E and _D_) are occupied -with their testimony. - -The following is the full expansion of the above, with original -emendations which preserve the _order_ of the Hebrew words and thus -indicate the nature of the structure:-- - - - C | a | The heavens - b | are telling(4) - c | the glory(5) of God: - _c_ | and the work of his hands - _b_ | is setting forth(6) - _a_ | the firmament. - D | d | Day after day(7) - e | uttereth(8) speech, - _d_ | And night after night - _e_ | sheweth knowledge. - E | f | There is no speech (what is articulate) - g | and there are no words (what is audible); - _g_ | and without being audible, - _f_ | is their voice (what is articulate). - _D_ | h | Into all the earth (as created) - i | is their line(9) gone forth; - _h_ | And into the ends of the world (as inhabited) - _i_ | Their sayings. - C | j | For the sun He hath set a tent (an abode) in them; - _k_ | l | and he as a bridegroom (comparison) - m | is going forth from his canopy, (motion: its rising) - _l_ | he rejoiceth as a mighty one (comparison) - _m_ | to run his course. (Motion: its rapid course.) - _k_ | n | from the end of the heavens (egress) - o | is his going forth (egress) - _o_ | and his revolution (regress) - _n_ | unto their ends (regress): - _j_ | and there is nothing hid from his heat (_i.e._, from - him)(10) - - -Surely there is something more referred to here than a mere wonder excited -by the works of the Creator! When we read the whole passage and mark its -structure, and note the words employed, we are emphatically told that the -heavens contain a revelation from God; they prophesy, they show knowledge, -they tell of God's glory, and set forth His purposes and counsels. - -It is a remarkable fact that it is in the Book of Job, which is generally -allowed to be the oldest book in the Bible,(11) if not in the world, that -we have references to this Stellar Revelation. This would be at least -2,000 years before Christ. In that book the signs of the Zodiac and the -names of several stars and constellations are mentioned, as being ancient -and well-known. - -In Isa. xl. 26 (R.V.) we read:-- - - - "Lift up your eyes on high, - And see who hath created these, - That bringeth out their host by number: - He calleth them all by name; - By the greatness of His might, - And for that He is strong in power, - Not one is lacking." - - -We have the same evidence in Psalm cxlvii. 4. (R.V.) - - - "He telleth the number of the stars; - He giveth them all their names." - - -Here is a distinct and Divine declaration that the great Creator both -_numbered_ as well as _named_ the stars of Heaven. - -The question is, Has he revealed any of these names? Have any of them been -handed down to us? - -The answer is Yes; and that in the Bible itself we have the names (so -ancient that their meaning is a little obscure) of _Ash_ ({~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}, a name -still connected with the Great Bear), _Cesil_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}), and _Cimah_ -({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}). - -They occur in Job ix. 9: "Which maketh Arcturus (R.V. _the Bear_), Orion, -and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south." (Marg., Heb., _Ash_, -_Cesil_, and _Cimah_.) - -Job xxxviii. 31, 32: "Canst thou bind the sweet influences (R.V. cluster) -of the Pleiades (marg., _the __ seven stars_, Heb. _Cimah_), or loose the -bands of Orion (marg. Heb. _Cesil_)? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth -(marg., _the twelve signs_. R.V., 'the twelve signs': and marg., _the -signs of the Zodiac_) in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his -sons (R.V., the Bear with her train; and marg., Heb., _sons_)."(12) - -Isa. xiii. 10: ... "The stars of heaven and the constellations thereof." -... - -Amos v. 8: "Seek him that maketh the seven stars (R.V., the Pleiades) and -Orion." - -Then we have the term "Mazzaroth," Job xxxviii. 32, and "Mazzaloth," 2 -Kings xxiii. 5. The former in both versions is referred to the Twelve -Signs of the Zodiac, while the latter is rendered "planets," and in -margin, _the twelve signs or constellations_. - -Others are referred to by name. The sign of "Gemini," or the Twins, is -given as the name of a ship: Acts xxviii. 11, {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}, (_i.e._ Castor & -Pollux). - -Most commentators agree that the constellation of "Draco," or the Dragon -(between the Great and Little Bear), is referred to in Job xxvi. 13: "By -His Spirit He hath garnished the heavens; His hand hath formed the crooked -serpent (R.V. swift. Marg. _fleeing_ or _gliding_. See Is. xxvii. 1; -xliii. 14)." This word "garnished" is peculiar. The R.V. puts in the -margin, _beauty_. In Ps. xvi. 6, it is rendered _goodly_. "I have a goodly -heritage." In Dan. iv. 2, it is rendered, "I thought it good to show," -referring to "the signs and wonders" with which God had visited -Nebuchadnezzar. It appears from this that God "_thought it good to show_" -by these signs written in the heavens the wonders of His purposes and -counsels, and it was by His Spirit that He made it known; it was His hand -that _coiled_ ({~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}) the crooked serpent among the stars of heaven. - -Thus we see that the Scriptures are not silent as to the great antiquity -of the signs and constellations. - -If we turn to history and tradition, we are at once met with the fact that -the Twelve Signs are the same, both as to the meaning of their names and -as to their order _in all the ancient nations of the world_. The Chinese, -Chaldean, and Egyptian records go back to more than 2,000 years B.C. -Indeed, the Zodiacs in the Temples of Denderah and Esnh, in Egypt, are -doubtless copies of Zodiacs still more ancient, which, from internal -evidence, must be placed nearly 4,000 B.C., when the summer solstice was -in Leo. - -Josephus hands down to us what he gives as the traditions of his own -nation, corroborated by his reference to eight ancient Gentile -authorities, whose works are lost. He says that they all assert that "God -gave the antediluvians such long life that they might perfect those things -which they had invented in astronomy." Cassini commences his _History of -Astronomy_ by saying "It is impossible to doubt that astronomy was -invented from the beginning of the world; history, profane as well as -sacred, testifies to this truth." Nouet, a French astronomer, infers that -the Egyptian Astronomy must have arisen 5,400 B.C.! - -Ancient Persian and Arabian traditions ascribe its invention to Adam, -Seth, and Enoch. Josephus asserts that it originated in the family of -Seth; and he says that the children of Seth, and especially Adam, Seth, -and Enoch, that their revelation might not be lost as to the two coming -judgments of Water and Fire, made two pillars (one of brick, the other of -stone), describing the whole of the predictions of the stars upon them, -and in case the brick pillar should be destroyed by the flood, the stone -would preserve the revelation (Book i. chs. 1-3). - -This is what is doubtless meant by Gen. xi. 4, "And they said, Go to, let -us build us a city and a tower whose top _may reach_ unto heaven." The -words "_may reach_" are in italics. There is nothing in the verse which -relates to the height of this tower. It merely says {~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~} {~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}, -_and his top with the heavens_, _i.e._ with the pictures and the stars, -just as we find them in the ancient temples of Denderah and Esnh in -Egypt. This tower, with its planisphere and pictures of the signs and -constellations, was to be erected like those temples were afterwards, in -order to preserve the revelation, "lest we be scattered abroad upon the -face of the whole earth." - -This is corroborated by Lieut.-Gen. Chesney, well known for his learned -researches and excavations among the ruins of Babylon, who, after -describing his various discoveries, says,(13) "About five miles S.W. of -Hillah, the most remarkable of all the ruins, the _Birs Nimroud_ of the -Arabs, rises to a height of 153 feet above the plain from a base covering -a square of 400 feet, or almost four acres. It was constructed of kiln- -dried bricks in seven stages to correspond with the planets to which they -were dedicated: the lowermost black, the colour of Saturn; the next -orange, for Jupiter; the third red, for Mars; and so on.(14) These stages -were surmounted by a lofty tower on the summit of which, we are told, were -the signs of the Zodiac and other astronomical figures; thus having (as it -should have been translated) _a representation of the heavens_, instead of -'a top which reached unto heaven.' " - -This Biblical evidence carries us at once right back to the Flood, or -about 2,500 years B.C. - -This tower or temple, or both, was also called "_The Seven Spheres_," -according to some; and "The Seven Lights," according to others. It is thus -clear that the popular idea of its height and purpose must be abandoned, -and its astronomical reference to revelation must be admitted. The tower -was an attempt to preserve and hand down the antediluvian traditions; -their sin was in keeping together instead of scattering themselves over -the earth. - -Another important statement is made by Dr. Budge, of the British -Museum.(15) He says, "It must never be forgotten that the Babylonians were -a nation of star-gazers, and that they kept a body of men to do nothing -else but report eclipses, appearances of the moon, sun-spots, etc., etc." - -"Astronomy, mixed with astrology, occupied a large number of tablets in -the Babylonian libraries, and Isaiah, xlvii. 13, refers to this when he -says to Babylon, 'Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels. Let -now thy astrologers (marg. _viewers of the heavens_), the star-gazers, the -monthly prognosticators stand up.' The largest astrological work of the -Babylonians contained seventy tablets, and was compiled by the command of -Sargon of Agade thirty-eight hundred years before Christ! It was called -the 'Illumination of Bel.' " - -"Their observations were made in towers called 'ziggurats' " (p. 106). - -"They built observatories in all the great cities, and reports like the -above [which Dr. Budge gives in full] were regularly sent to the King" (p. -110). - -"They were able to calculate eclipses, and had long lists of them." "They -found out that the sun was spotted, and they knew of comets." "They were -the inventors of the Zodiac" (?). There are fragments of two (ancient -Babylonian) planispheres in the British Museum with figures and -calculations inscribed upon them. "The months were called after the signs -of the Zodiac" (p. 109). - -We may form some idea of what this "representation of the heavens" was -from the fifth "Creation Tablet," now in the British Museum. It reads as -follows:-- - - - "Anu [_the Creator_] made excellent the mansions [_i.e._ _the - celestial houses_] of the great gods [twelve] in number [_i.e._ - _the twelve signs or mansions of the sun_]. - - The stars he placed in them. The lumasi [_i.e._ _groups of stars - or figures_] he fixed. - - He arranged the year according to the bounds [_i.e._ _the twelve - signs_] which he defined. - - For each of the twelve months three rows of stars [_i.e._ - _constellations_] he fixed. - - From the day when the year issues forth unto the close, he marked - the mansions [_i.e._ _the Zodiacal Signs_] of the wandering stars - [_i.e._ _planets_] to know their courses that they might not err - or deflect at all." - - -Coming down to less ancient records: EUDOXOS, an astronomer of Cnidus (403 -to 350 B.C.), wrote a work on Astronomy which he called _Phainomena_. -ANTIGONUS GONATAS, King of Macedonia (273-239 B.C.), requested the Poet -ARATUS to put the work of EUDOXUS into the form of a poem, which he did -about the year 270 B.C. ARATUS called his work _Diosemeia (the Divine -Signs)_. He was a native of Tarsus, and it is interesting for us to note -that his poem was known to, and, indeed, must have been read by, the -Apostle Paul, for he quotes it in his address at Athens on Mars' Hill. He -says (Acts xvii. 28), "For in Him we live, and move, and have our being; -as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his -offspring."(16) Several translations of this poem have been made, both by -CICERO and others, into Latin, and in recent times into English by E. -Poste, J. Lamb, and others. The following is the opening from the -translation of Robert Brown, jun.:-- - - - "From Zeus we lead the strain; he whom mankind - Ne'er leave unhymned: of Zeus all public ways, - All haunts of men, are full; and full the sea, - And harbours; and of Zeus all stand in need. - _We are his offspring_:(17) and he, ever good and mild to man, - Gives favouring signs, and rouses us to toil. - Calling to mind life's wants: when clods are best - For plough and mattock: when the time is ripe - For planting vines and sowing seeds, he tells, - Since he himself hath fixed in heaven these Signs, - The stars dividing: and throughout the year - Stars he provides to indicate to man - The seasons' course, that all things duly grow," etc., etc. - - -Then ARATUS proceeds to describe and explain all the Signs and -Constellations as the Greeks in his day understood, or rather -misunderstood, them, after their true meaning and testimony had been -forgotten. - -Moreover, ARATUS describes them, not as they were seen in his day, but as -they were seen some 4,000 years before. The stars were not seen from -Tarsus as he describes them, and he must therefore have written from a -then ancient Zodiac. For notwithstanding that we speak of "fixed stars," -there is a constant, though slow, change taking place amongst them. There -is also another change taking place owing to the slow recession of the -pole of the heavens (about 50" in the year); so that while _Alpha_ in the -constellation of _Draco_ was the Polar Star when the Zodiac was first -formed, the Polar Star is now _Alpha_ in what is called _Ursa Minor_. This -change alone carries us back at least 5,000 years. The same movement which -has changed the relative position of these two stars has also caused the -constellation of the _Southern Cross_ to become invisible in northern -latitudes. When the constellations were formed the _Southern Cross_ was -visible in N. latitude 40, and was included in their number. But, though -known by tradition, it had not been seen in that latitude for some twenty -centuries, until the Cape of Good Hope had been discovered. Then was seen -again _The Southern Cross_ depicted by the Patriarchs. Here is another -indisputable proof as to the antiquity of the formation of the Zodiac. - -PTOLEMY (150 A.D.) transmits them from HPPARCHUS (130 B.C.) "as of -unquestioned authority, unknown origin, and unsearchable antiquity." - -Sir William Drummond says that "the traditions of the Chaldean Astronomy -seem the fragments of a mighty system fallen into ruins." - -The word _Zodiac_ itself is from the Greek {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, which is not from -{~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}, _to live_, but from a primitive root through the Hebrew _Sodi_, which -in Sanscrit means _a way_. Its etymology has no connection with _living -creatures_, but denotes _a way_, or _step_, and is used of the _way_ or -_path_ in which the sun appears to move amongst the stars in the course of -the year. - -To an observer on the earth the whole firmament, together with the sun, -appears to revolve in a circle once in twenty-four hours. But the time -occupied by the stars in going round, differs from the time occupied by -the sun. This difference amounts to about one-twelfth part of the whole -circle in each month, so that when the circle of the heavens is divided up -into twelve parts, the sun appears to move each month through one of them. -This path which the sun thus makes amongst the stars is called the -_Ecliptic_.(18) - -Each of these twelve parts (consisting each of about 30 degrees) is -distinguished, not by numbers or by letters, but by pictures and names, -and this, as we have seen, from the very earliest times. They are -preserved to the present day in our almanacs, and we are taught their -order in the familiar rhymes:-- - - - "The RAM, the BULL, the heavenly TWINS, - And next the CRAB, the LION shines, - The VIRGIN and the SCALES; - The SCORPION, ARCHER, and SEA-GOAT, - The MAN that carries the Water-pot, - And FISH with glittering scales." - - -These signs have always and everywhere been preserved in this order, and -have begun with ARIES. They have been known amongst all nations, and in -all ages, thus proving their common origin from one source. - -The figures themselves are perfectly arbitrary. There is nothing in the -groups of stars to even suggest the figures. This is the first thing which -is noticed by every one who looks at the constellations. Take for example -the sign of VIRGO, and look at the stars. There is nothing whatever to -suggest a human form; still less is there anything to show whether that -form is a man or a woman. And so with all the others. - -The _picture_, therefore, is the original, and must have been drawn around -or connected with certain stars, simply in order that it might be -identified and associated with them; and that it might thus be remembered -and handed down to posterity. - -There can be no doubt, as the learned Authoress of _Mazzaroth_ -conclusively proves, that these signs were afterwards identified with the -twelve sons of Jacob. Joseph sees the sun and moon and eleven stars bowing -down to him, he himself being the twelfth (Gen. xxxvii. 9). The blessing -of Jacob (Gen. xlix.) and the blessing of Moses (Deut. xxxiii.) both bear -witness to the existence of these signs in their day. And it is more than -probable that each of the Twelve Tribes bore one of them on its standard. -We read in Num. ii. 2, "Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by -his own STANDARD, with the ENSIGN of their father's house" (R.V. "with the -ensigns of their fathers' houses"). This "Standard" was the _Degel_ -({~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER GIMEL~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}) on which the "Sign" ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _Oth_) was depicted. Hence it was -called the "_En-sign_." Ancient Jewish authorities declare that each tribe -had one of the signs as its own, and it is highly probable, even from -Scripture, that four of the tribes carried its "Sign"; and that these four -were placed at the four sides of the camp. - -If the Lion were appropriated to Judah, then the other three would be thus -fixed, and would be the same four that equally divide the Zodiac at its -four cardinal points. According to Num. ii. the camp was thus formed:-- - - - In the North, from North-West to North-East: - ASHER (_Sagittarius_). - DAN, The Scorpion (_Scorpio_). - NEPHTALI (_Capricornus_). - In the East, from North-East to South-East: - ISSACHAR (_Cancer_). - JUDAH, The Lion (_Leo_). - ZEBULON (_Virgo_). - In the South, from South-East to South-West: - SIMEON (_Pisces_). - REUBEN, The Man (_Aquarius_). - GAD (_Aries_). - In the West, from South-West to North-West: - EPHRAIM and MANASSEH, The Bull (the two horns of _Taurus_). - BENJAMIN (_Gemini_). - In the Center: - LEVI, The Scales (_Libra_). - - -If the reader compares the above with the blessings of Israel and Moses, -and compares the meanings and descriptions given below with those -blessings, the connection will be clearly seen. Levi, for example, had no -standard, and he needed none, for he kept "the balance of the Sanctuary," -and had the charge of that brazen altar on which the atoning blood -outweighed the nation's sins. - -The four great signs which thus marked the four sides of the camp, and the -four quarters of the Zodiac, are the same four which form the Cherubim -(the Eagle, the Scorpion's enemy, being substituted for the Scorpion). The -Cherubim thus form a compendious expression of the hope of Creation, -which, from the very first, has been bound up with the Coming One, who -alone should cause its groanings to cease. - -But this brings us to the Signs themselves and their interpretation. - -These pictures were designed to preserve, expound, and perpetuate the one -first great promise and prophecy of Gen. iii. 15, that all hope for Man, -all hope for Creation, was bound up in _a coming Redeemer_; One who should -be born of a woman; who should first suffer, and afterwards gloriously -triumph; One who should first be wounded by that great enemy who was the -cause of all sin and sorrow and death, but who should finally crush the -head of "that Old Serpent the Devil." - -These ancient star-pictures reveal this Coming One. They set forth "the -sufferings of Christ and the glory that should follow." Altogether there -are forty-eight of them, made up of twelve SIGNS, each sign containing -three CONSTELLATIONS. - -These may be divided into _three_ great books, each book containing four -chapters (or Signs); and each chapter containing three sections (or -Constellations). - -Each book (like the four Gospels) sets forth its peculiar aspect of the -Coming One; beginning with the promise of His coming, and ending with the -destruction of the enemy. - -But where are we to _begin_ to read this wondrous Heavenly Scroll? A -circle has proverbially neither beginning nor end. In what order then are -we to consider these signs? In the heavens they form a never-ending -circle. Where is the beginning and where is the end of this circle through -which the sun is constantly moving? Where are we to break into this -circle? and say, _This is the commencement_. It is clear that unless we -can determine this original starting point we can never read this wondrous -book aright. - -As I have said, the popular beginning to-day is with ARIES, _the_ Ram. But -comparing this Revelation with that which was afterwards written "in the -Volume of the Book," VIRGO is the only point where we can intelligently -begin, and LEO is the only point where we can logically conclude. Is not -this what is spoken of as the unknown and insoluble mystery--"The riddle of -the SPHINX"? The word "Sphinx" is from {~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}, _to bind closely together_. -It was therefore designed to show where the two ends of the Zodiac were to -be joined together, and where the great circle of the heavens begins and -ends. - - [Ceiling of Portico of Temple of Esneh] - - Signs of Leo and Virgo, from the ceiling of the Portico of the Temple of - Esneh, showing the Sphinx between, uniting the beginning and end of the - Zodiac. - - -The SPHINX is a figure with the _head of a woman_ and the _body of a -lion_! What is this but a never-ceasing monitor, telling us to begin with -_Virgo_ and to end with _Leo_! In the Zodiac in the Temple of Esnh, in -Egypt, a Sphinx is actually placed between the Signs of Virgo and Leo, as -shown in the illustration on the preceding page. It is a tracing from the -drawing of Signor Bossi, executed on the spot, under the direction of the -late Mr. Edward J. Cooper, in 1820. - -Beginning, then, with VIRGO, let us now spread out the contents of this -Heavenly Volume, so that the eye can take them in at a glance. Of course -we are greatly hindered in this, in having to use the modern Latin names -which the Constellations bear to-day.(19) Some of these names are -mistakes, others are gross perversions of the truth, as proved by the -pictures themselves, which are far more ancient, and have come down to us -from primitive times. - -After the Revelation came to be written down in the Scriptures, there was -not the same need for the preservation of the Heavenly Volume. And after -the nations had lost the original meaning of the pictures, they invented a -meaning out of the vain imagination of the thoughts of their hearts. The -Greek Mythology is an interpretation of (only some of) the signs and -constellations after their true meaning had been forgotten. It is -popularly believed that Bible truth is an evolution from, or development -of, the ancient religions of the world. But the fact is that they -themselves are a _corruption_ and _perversion of primitive truth_! - -We will now give _the contents_ of this Heavenly Volume of Divine -Revelation, and afterwards proceed to develope it, explain it in detail, -and compare it with the same truth which was afterwards written down in -the Scriptures. - - - The First Book. - THE REDEEMER. - (HIS FIRST COMING.) - "The Sufferings of Christ." - - CHAPTER I. - THE PROPHECY OF THE PROMISED SEED OF THE WOMAN. - - VIRGO (_The Virgin. A woman bearing a branch in her right hand and - an ear of corn in her left_). The Promised Seed of the woman. - - 1. COMA (_The Desired. The woman and child_). The Desired of all - nations. - - 2. CENTAURUS (_The Centaur with two natures, holding a spear - piercing a victim_). The despised sin offering. - - 3. BOTES (_a man walking bearing a branch called_ ARCTURUS, - _meaning the same_). He cometh. - - CHAPTER II. - THE REDEEMER'S ATONING WORK. - - LIBRA (_The Scales_). The price deficient balanced by the price - which covers. - - 1. CRUX, The Cross endured. - - 2. LUPUS, or VICTIMA, _The Victim_ slain. - - 3. CORONA, _The Crown_ bestowed. - - CHAPTER III. - THE REDEEMER'S CONFLICT. - - SCORPIO (_The Scorpion_) seeking to wound, but itself trodden - under foot. - - 1. SERPENS (_The Serpent_ struggling with the man). - - 2. O-PHI-U-CHUS (_The man_ grasping the serpent). The struggle - with the enemy. - - 3. HERCULES (_The mighty man. A man kneeling on one knee, - humbled in the conflict, but holding aloft the tokens of victory, - with his foot on the head of the Dragon_). The mighty Vanquisher - seeming to sink in the conflict. - - CHAPTER IV. - THE REDEEMER'S TRIUMPH. - - SAGITTARIUS (_The Archer_). The Two-natured Conqueror going forth - "Conquering and to conquer." - - 1. LYRA (_The Harp_). Praise prepared for the Conqueror. - - 2. ARA (_The Altar_). Consuming fire prepared for His enemies. - - 3. DRACO (_The Dragon_). The Old Serpent--the Devil, cast down - from heaven. - - The Second Book. - THE REDEEMED. - THE RESULT OF THE REDEEMER'S SUFFERINGS. - - CHAPTER I. - THEIR BLESSINGS PROCURED. - - CAPRICORNUS (_The fish-goat_). The goat of Atonement slain for the - Redeemed. - - 1. SAGITTA (_The Arrow_). The arrow of God sent forth. - - 2. AQUILA (_The Eagle_). The smitten One falling. - - 3. DELPHINUS (_The Dolphin_). The dead One rising again. - - CHAPTER II. - THEIR BLESSINGS ENSURED. - - AQUARIUS (_The Water-Bearer_): The living waters of blessing - poured forth for the Redeemed. - - 1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (_The Southern Fish_). The blessings - bestowed. - - 2. PEGASUS (_The Winged Horse_). The blessings quickly coming. - - 3. CYGNUS (_The Swan_). The Blesser surely returning. - - CHAPTER III. - THEIR BLESSINGS IN ABEYANCE. - - PISCES (_The Fishes_). The Redeemed blessed though bound. - - 1. THE BAND--bound, but binding their great enemy Cetus, the sea - monster. - - 2. ANDROMEDA (_The Chained Woman_). The Redeemed in their - bondage and affliction. - - 3. CEPHEUS (_The King_). Their Redeemer coming to rule. - - CHAPTER IV. - THEIR BLESSINGS CONSUMMATED AND ENJOYED. - - ARIES (_The Ram or Lamb_). The Lamb that was slain, prepared for - the victory. - - 1. CASSIOPEIA (_The Enthroned Woman_). The captive delivered, - and preparing for her husband, the Redeemer. - - 2. CETUS (_The Sea Monster_). The great enemy bound. - - 3. PERSEUS (_The Breaker_). Delivering His redeemed. - - The Third Book. - THE REDEEMER. - (HIS SECOND COMING.) - "The glory that should follow." - - CHAPTER I. - MESSIAH, THE COMING JUDGE OF ALL THE EARTH. - - TAURUS (_The Bull_). Messiah coming to rule. - - 1. ORION, _Light breaking forth_ in the person of the Redeemer. - - 2. ERIDANUS (_The River of the Judge_). Wrath breaking forth for - His enemies. - - 3. AURIGA (_The Shepherd_). Safety for the Redeemed in the day - of that wrath. - - CHAPTER II. - MESSIAH'S REIGN AS PRINCE OF PEACE. - - GEMINI (The Twins). The twofold nature of the King. - - 1. LEPUS (_The Hare_), or THE ENEMY trodden under foot. - - 2. CANIS MAJOR (_The Dog_), or SIRIUS, the coming glorious - Prince of Princes. - - 3. CANIS MINOR (_The Second Dog_), or PROCYON, the exalted - Redeemer. - - CHAPTER III. - MESSIAH'S REDEEMED POSSESSIONS. - - CANCER (The Crab). The possessions held fast. - - 1. URSA MINOR (_The Lesser Bear_). The lesser sheepfold. - - 2. URSA MAJOR (_The Great Bear_). The fold and the flock. - - 3. ARGO (_The Ship_). The redeemed pilgrims safe at home. - - CHAPTER IV. - MESSIAH'S CONSUMMATED TRIUMPH. - - LEO (_The Lion_). The Lion of the Tribe of Judah aroused for the - rending of the Enemy. - - 1. HYDRA (_The Serpent_). That old Serpent--the Devil, destroyed. - - 2. CRATER (_The Cup_). The cup of Divine wrath poured out upon - him. - - 3. CORVUS (_The Crow, or Raven_). Birds of prey devouring him. - - -Such are the contents of this wondrous book that is written in the -heavens. Thus has God been speaking and emphasizing and developing His -first great prophetic promise of Gen. iii. 15. - -Though for more than 2,500 years His people had not this Revelation -written in a book as we now have it in the Bible, they were not left in -ignorance and darkness as to God's purposes and counsels; nor were they -without hope as to ultimate deliverance from all evil and from the Evil -One. - -Adam, who first heard that wondrous promise, repeated it, and gave it to -his posterity as a most precious heritage--the ground of all their faith, -the substance of all their hope, the object of all their desire. Seth and -Enoch took it up. Enoch, we know, prophesied of the Lord's coming, saying, -"Behold the Lord cometh with ten thousands of His saints to execute -judgment upon all" (Jude 14). How could these "holy prophets, since the -world began," have recorded their prophecies better, or more effectually, -or more truthfully and powerfully, than in these star-pictures and their -interpretation? This becomes a certainty when we remember the words of the -Holy Spirit by Zacharias (Luke i. 67-70):-- - - - "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; - For He hath visited and redeemed His people, - And hath raised up a horn of salvation for us - In the house of His servant David; - As He spake by the mouth of HIS HOLY PROPHETS - WHICH HAVE BEEN SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN." - - -The same truth is revealed through Peter, in Acts iii. 20, 21:--"He shall -send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you; whom the heaven -must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath -spoken by the mouth of all HIS HOLY PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN." - -These words have new meaning for us, if we see the things which were -spoken "since the world began," thus written in the heavens, which utter -speech (_i.e._ prophecy), and show forth this knowledge day after day and -night after night, the heritage of all the earth, and their words reaching -unto the ends of the world. - -This Revelation, coinciding as it does in all its facts and truths with -that afterwards recorded "in the Volume of the Book," must have had the -same Divine origin, must have been made known by the inspiration of the -same Holy Spirit. - -We now proceed to compare the two, and we shall see how they agree at -every point, proving that the source and origin of this Divine Revelation -is one and the same. - - - - - -THE FIRST BOOK. THE REDEEMER. - - - (_His First Coming_.) - - "The Sufferings of Christ." - -The First Book is occupied with the PERSON of the Coming One. It covers -the whole ground, and includes the conflict and the victory of the -Promised Seed, but with special emphasis on His Coming. The book opens -with the promise of His coming, and it closes with the Dragon cast down -from heaven. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign VIRGO. - - - _The Promised Seed of the Woman_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 1: Virgo (the Virgin) - - -Here is the commencement of all prophecy in Gen. iii. 15, spoken to the -serpent:--"I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy -seed and her seed: it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise His -heel." This is the prophetic announcement which the Revelation in the -heavens and in the Book is designed to unfold and develope. It lies at the -root of all the ancient traditions and mythologies, which are simply the -perversion and corruption of primitive truth. - -VIRGO is represented as a woman with a _branch_ in her right hand, and -some ears of corn in her left hand. Thus giving a two-fold testimony of -the Coming One. - -The name of this sign in the Hebrew is _Bethulah_, which means _a virgin_, -and in the Arabic _a branch_. The two words are connected, as in -Latin--_Virgo_, which means _a virgin_; and _virga_, which means _a branch_ -(Vulg. Isa. xi. 1). Another name is _Sunbul_, Arabic, _an ear of corn_. - -In Gen. iii. 15 she is presented only as a woman; but in later prophecies -her nationality is defined as being of the stock of Israel, the seed of -Abraham, the line of David; and, further, she is to be a virgin. There are -two prominent prophecies of her and her seed: one is connected with the -first coming in incarnation, Isa. vii. 14 (quoted in Matt. i. 23.) - - - "Behold, a virgin shall conceive and bear a son, - And shall call his name Immanuel." - - -The other is connected with His second coming, leaping over the sufferings -and this present interval of His rejection, and looking forward to His -coming in glory and judgment, Isa. ix. 6, 7 (quoted in Luke ii. 11 and i. -32, 33)-- - - - "For unto us a child is born, - Unto us a son is given;(20) - And the government shall be upon His shoulder; - And His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, - The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. - Of the increase of His government there shall be no end. - Upon the throne of David, and upon His kingdom, - To order it, and to establish it - With judgment and with justice - From henceforth even for ever. - The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this." - - -It is difficult to separate the Virgin and her Seed in the prophecy, and -so, here, we have first the sign VIRGO, where the name points to her as -the prominent subject; while in the first of the three constellations of -this sign, where the woman appears again, the name COMA points to the -child as the great subject. - -_Virgo_ contains 110 stars, _viz._, one of the 1st magnitude, six of the -3rd, ten of the 4th, etc. - -ARATUS thus sings of them:-- - - - "Beneath Botes feet the Virgin seek, - Who carries in her hand a glittering spike.... - Over her shoulder there revolves a star - In the right wing, superlatively bright;(21) - It rolls beneath the tail, and may compare - With the bright stars that deck the Greater Bear. - Upon her shoulder one bright star is borne,(22) - One clasps the circling girdle of her loins,(23) - One at her bending knee;(24) and in her hand - Glitters that bright and golden Ear of Corn.(25) - - -Thus the brightest star in Virgo ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~})(26) has an ancient name, handed down -to us in all the star-maps, in which the Hebrew word ({~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER HET~}) _Tsemech_ is -preserved. It is called in Arabic _Al Zimach_, which means _the branch_. -This star is in the ear of corn which she holds in her left hand. Hence -the star has a modern Latin name, which has almost superseded the ancient -one, _Spica_, which means, _an ear of corn_. But this hides the great -truth revealed by its name _Al Zimach_. It foretold the coming of Him who -should bear this name. The same Divine inspiration has, in the written -Word, four times connected it with Him. There are twenty Hebrew words -translated "Branch," but only one of them (_Tsemech_) is used exclusively -of the Messiah, and this word only four times.(27)Each of these further -connects Him with one special account of Him, given in the Gospels. - -(1.) Jer. xxiii. 5, 6-- - - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will raise unto David a righteous BRANCH - (_i.e._, a Son), - And a KING shall reign and prosper." - - -The account of His coming as King is written in the Gospel according to -Matthew, where Jehovah says to Israel, "Behold thy KING." (Zech. ix. 9; -Matt. xxi. 9.) - -(2.) Zech. iii. 8.--"Behold I will bring forth my SERVANT the BRANCH." In -the Gospel according to Mark we find the record of Jehovah's servant and -His service, and we hear Jehovah's voice saying, "Behold my SERVANT." -(Isa. xlii. 1.) - -(3.) Zech. vi. 12.--"Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the -MAN whose name is the BRANCH." In the Gospel according to Luke we behold -Him, presented in "the MAN Christ Jesus." - -(4.) Isa. iv. 2.--"In that day shall the BRANCH of JEHOVAH be beautiful and -glorious." So that this Branch, this Son, is Jehovah Himself; and as we -read the record of John we hear the voice from heaven saying, "Behold your -GOD." (Isa. xl. 9.) - -This is the Branch foretold by the star _Al Zimach_ in the ear of corn. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is called _Zavijaveh_, which means _the gloriously beautiful_, -as in Isa. iv. 2. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, in the arm bearing the branch, is called _Al -Mureddin_, which means _who shall come down_ (as in Ps. lxxii. 8), or _who -shall have dominion_. It is also known as _Vindemiatrix_, a Chaldee word -which means _the son_, or _branch_, _who cometh_. - -Other names of stars in the sign, not identified, are-- - -_Subilah, who carries_. (Isa. xlvi. 4.) - -_Al Azal, the Branch_. (As in Isa. xviii. 5.) - -_Subilon, a spike of corn_. (As in Isa. xvii. 5.) - -The Greeks, ignorant of the Divine origin and teaching of the sign, -represented Virgo as _Ceres_, with ears of corn in her hand. - -In the Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt, about 2000 B.C. (now in -Paris), she is likewise represented with a branch in her hand, but -ignorantly explained by a false religion to represent _Isis_! Her name is -called _Aspolia_, which means _ears of corn_, or _the seed_, which shows -that though the woman is seen, it is her Seed who is the great subject of -the prophecy. - -Passing to the three constellations anciently assigned to the sign Virgo, -we come to what may be compared to _three sections_ of the chapter, each -giving some further detail as to the interpretation of its teaching. - - - -1. COMA (The Woman and Child). - - - _The Desired of all Nations._ - -The first constellation in Virgo explains that this coming "Branch" will -be a child, and that He should be the "Desire of all nations." - -The ancient name of this constellation is _Comah_,(28) _the desired_, or -_the longed for_. We have the word used by the Holy Spirit in this very -connection, in Hag. ii. 7: "The DESIRE of all nations shall come." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 2: Coma (the Desired) - - -The ancient Zodiacs pictured this constellation as a woman with a child in -her arms. ALBUMAZAR(29) (or ABU MASHER), an Arabian astronomer of the -eighth century, says, "There arises in the first Decan,(30) as the -Persians, Chaldeans, and Egyptians, and the two HERMES and ASCALIUS teach, -_a young woman_, whose Persian name denotes a pure virgin, sitting on a -throne, _nourishing an infant boy_ (the boy, I say), having a Hebrew name, -by some nations called IHESU, with the signification IEZA, which in Greek -is called CHRISTOS." - -But this picture is not found in any of the _modern_ maps of the stars. -There we find to-day a woman's wig! It appears that BERENICE, the wife of -EUERGETES (PTOLEMY III.), king of Egypt in the third century B.C., when -her husband once went on a dangerous expedition, vowed to consecrate her -fine head of hair to Venus if he returned in safety. Her hair, which was -hung up in the Temple of Venus, was subsequently stolen, and to comfort -BERENICE, CONON, an astronomer of Alexandria (B.C. 283-222), gave it out -that Jupiter had taken it and made it a constellation! - -This is a good example of how the meaning of other constellations have -been perverted (ignorantly or intentionally). In this case, as in others, -the transition from ancient to more modern languages helped to hide the -meaning. The Hebrew name was COMA (_desired_). But the Greeks had a word -for hair, _C-me_. This again is transferred to the Latin _coma_, and thus -"_Coma Berenic_" (_the hair of Berenice_) comes down to us to-day as the -name of this constellation, and gives us a woman's wig instead of that -Blessed One, "the Desire of all Nations." - -In this case, however, we are able to give absolute proof that this is a -perversion. - -The ancient Egyptian name for this constellation was _Shes-nu, the desired -son_! - -The Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt, going back at least 2,000 -years B.C., has no trace of any hair, but it has the figure of a woman and -child. In our illustration we have given a copy of this very ancient -picture, and not the wig of hair! - -We have been permitted to trace it from a work on _Egyptian Scenery_ by -the late eminent astronomer, Edward J. Cooper, of Markree Castle, co. -Sligo, who visited that Temple in the year 1820 with an Italian artist, -Signor Bossi. The original drawing from which our tracing is made (and -enlarged) was drawn by Signor Bossi on the spot, before it was taken to -Paris in 1821.(31) We thus have before us the exact representations of one -of these star-pictures at least 4,000 years old. - -Even Shakespeare understood the truth about this constellation picture, -which has been so long covered by modern inventions. In his _Titus -Andronicus_(32) he speaks of an arrow being shot up to heaven to the -"_Good boy in Virgo's lap._" - -The constellation itself is very remarkable. Others contain one or two -stars of the first or second magnitude, and then a greater or less variety -of lesser stars; but this is peculiar from having no one very bright star, -but contains so many stars of the 4th and 5th magnitudes. It contains 43 -stars altogether, ten being of the 4th magnitude, and the remainder of the -5th, 6th, etc. - -It was in all probability the constellation of _Coma_ in which "the Star -of Bethlehem" appeared. There was a traditional prophecy, well-known in -the East, carefully preserved and handed down, that a new star would -appear in this sign when He whom it foretold should be born. - -This was, doubtless, referred to in the prophecy of Balaam, which would -thus receive a double fulfilment, first of the literal "Star," and also of -the person to whom it referred. The Lord said by Balaam (Num. xxiv. 17), - - - "There shall come(33) a star out of Jacob, - And a sceptre shall rise out of Israel." - - -Thomas Hyde, an eminent Orientalist (1636-1703), writing on the ancient -religion of the Persians, quotes from ABULFARAGIUS (an Arab Christian -Historian, 1226-1286), who says that ZOROASTER, or ZERDUSHT, the Persian, -was a pupil of Daniel the Prophet, and that he predicted to the Magians -(who were the astronomers of Persia), that when they should see _a new -star_ appear it would notify the birth of a mysterious child, whom they -were to adore. It is further stated in the _Zend Avesta_ that this new -star was to appear in the sign of the Virgin. Some have supposed that this -passage is not genuine. But whether it was interpolated before or after -the event, it is equally good evidence for our purpose here. For if it was -written _before_ the event, it is evidence of the _prophetic -announcement_; and if it was interpolated _after_ the event it is evidence -of the _historic fact_. - -The Book of Job shows us how Astronomy flourished in Idumea; and the -Gospel according to Matthew shows that the Persian Magi, as well as -others, were looking for "the Desire of all nations." - -New stars have appeared again and again. It was in 125 B.C. that a star, -so bright as to be seen in the day-time, suddenly appeared. It was this -that caused HIPPARCHUS to draw up his catalogue of stars, which has been -handed down to us by PTOLEMY (150 A.D.). - -This new star would show the _latitude_, passing at that time immediately -overhead at midnight, every twenty-four hours; while the prophecy would -give the _longitude_ as the land of Jacob. Having these two factors, it -would be only a matter of observation, and easy for the Magi to find the -place where it would be vertical, and thus to locate the very spot of the -birth of Him of whom it was the sign, for they emphatically called it "His -Star." There is a beautiful tradition which relates how, in their -difficulty, on their way from Jerusalem to find the actual spot under the -_Zenith_ of this star, these Magi sat down beside David's "Well of -Bethlehem" to refresh themselves. There they saw the star reflected in the -clear water of the well. Hence it is written that "when they saw the star -they rejoiced with exceeding joy," for they knew they were at the very -spot and place of His appearing whence He was to "come forth." - -There can be little doubt that it was _a new star_. In the first place a -new star is no unusual phenomenon. In the second place the tradition is -well supported by ancient Christian writers. One speaks of its "surpassing -brightness." Another (IGNATIUS, Bp. of Antioch, A.D. 69) says, "At the -appearance of the Lord a star shone forth brighter than all the other -stars." IGNATIUS, doubtless, had this from those who had actually seen it! -PRUDENTIUS (4th cent. A.D.) says that not even the morning star was so -fair. Archbishop Trench, who quotes these authorities, says "This star, I -conceive, as so many ancients and moderns have done, to have been a new -star in the heavens." - -One step more places this new star in the constellation of COMA, and with -new force makes it indeed "His star"--the "Sign" of His "coming forth from -Bethlehem." Will it be "the sign of the Son of Man in heaven" (Matt. xxiv. -30) when He shall "come unto" this world again to complete the wondrous -prophecies written of Him in the heavenly and earthly Revelations?(34) - -Thus does the constellation of COMA reveal that the coming "Seed of the -woman" was to be a child born, a son given. - -But He was to be more: He was to be God and man--two natures in one person! -This is the lesson of the next picture. - - - -2. CENTAURUS (The Centaur). - - - _The Despised Sin-offering_. - -It is the figure of a being with two natures. Jamieson, in his _Celestial -Atlas_, 1822, says, "On the authority of the most accomplished Orientalist -of our own times, the Arabic and Chaldaic name of this constellation is -{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}." Now this Hebrew word _Bezeh_ (and the Arabic _Al Beze_) means _the -despised_. It is the very word used of this Divine sufferer in Isa. liii. -3, "He is DESPISED ({~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}) and rejected of men." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 3: Centaurus (the Centaur) - - -The constellation contains thirty-five stars. Two of the 1st magnitude, -one of the 2nd, six of the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc., which, together -with the four bright stars in the Cross make a brilliant show in southern -latitudes. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the horse's fore-foot), has come down to us with -the ancient name of _Toliman_, which means _the heretofore and hereafter_, -marking Him as the one "which is, and which was, and which is to come--the -Almighty" (Rev. i. 8). Sir John Herschell observed this star to be growing -rapidly brighter. It may be, therefore, one of the changeable stars, and -its name may be taken as an indication of the fact that it was known to -the ancients. - -Another name for the constellation was in Hebrew, _Asmeath_, which means a -_sin-offering_ (as in Isa. liii. 10). - -The Greek name was _Cheiron_, which means _the pierced_, or _who pierces_. -In the Greek fables _Cheiron_ was renowned for his skill in hunting, -medicine, music, athletics, and prophecy. All the most distinguished -heroes of Greece are described as his pupils. He was supposed to be -immortal, but he voluntarily agreed to die; and, wounded by a poisoned -arrow (not intended for him) while in conflict with a wild boar, he -transferred his immortality to Prometheus; whereupon he was placed amongst -the stars. - -We can easily see how this fable is the ignorant perversion of the -primitive Revelation. The true tradition can be seen dimly through it, and -we can discern Him of whom it spoke,--the all-wise, all-powerful Teacher -and Prophet, who "went about doing good," yet "despised and rejected of -men," laying down His life that others might live. - -It is one of the lowest of the constellations, _i.e._ the farthest south -from the northern centre. It is situated immediately over the Cross, which -bespeaks His own death; He is seen in the act of destroying the enemy. - -Thus these star-pictures tell us that it would be as a _child_ that the -_Promised Seed_ should come forth and grow and wax strong in spirit and be -filled with wisdom (Luke ii. 40); and that as a man having two natures He -should suffer and die. Then the third and last section in this first -chapter of this First Book goes on to tell of His second coming in glory. - - - -3. BOTES (The Coming One). - - - _He cometh_. - -This constellation still further develops this wondrous personage. - -He is pictured as a man walking rapidly, with a spear in his right hand -and a sickle in his left hand. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 4: Botes (the Coming One) - - -The Greeks called him _Bo--tes_, which is from the Hebrew root _Bo_ -({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _to come_), meaning _the coming_. It is referred to in Ps. xcvi. -13:-- - - - "For He cometh, - For He cometh to judge the earth; - He shall judge the world in righteousness, - And the people with His truth." - - -It it probable that his ancient name was _Arcturus_(35) (as referred to in -Job ix. 9), for this is the name of the brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left -knee). _Arcturus_ means _He cometh_.(36) - -The ancient Egyptians called him _Smat_, which means _one who rules_, -_subdues_, and _governs_. They also called him _Bau_ (a reminiscence of -the more ancient _Bo_), which means also _the coming one_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~} (in the spear-head) is named _Al Katurops_, which means _the -branch_, _treading under foot_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (just below the waist on his right side) is called _Mirac_, or -_Mizar_, or _Izar_. _Mirac_ means _the coming forth as an arrow_; _Mizar_, -or _Izar_, means _the preserver_, _guarding_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} is called _Muphride_, _i.e._ _who separates_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head) is named _Nekkar_, _i.e._ _the pierced_ (Zech. -xii. 10), which tells us that this coming judge is the One who was -pierced. Another Hebrew name is _Merga_, _who bruises_.(37) - -This brings us back again to Gen. iii. 15, and closes up this first -chapter of the First Book (VIRGO). It shows us the _Person_ of the -Promised Seed from the beginning to the end, from the first promise of the -birth of the Child in Bethlehem, to the final coming of the great Judge -and Harvester to reap the harvest of the earth. This was the vision which -was afterwards shown to John (Rev. xiv. 15, 16), when he says, "I looked; -and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud one sat like unto the Son of -Man, having on His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp sickle. -And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to Him -that sat on the cloud, Thrust in thy sickle and reap; for the time is come -for Thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe. And He that sat on -the cloud thrust in His sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped." - -This is the conclusion of the _first chapter_ of this First Book. Here we -see the woman whose Seed is to bruise the serpent's head, the Virgin-Born, -the Branch of Jehovah, perfect man and perfect God, Immanuel, "God with -us," yet despised and rejected of men, and yielding up His life that -others may have life for evermore. But we see Him coming afterwards in -triumphant power to judge the earth. - -This is only one chapter of this First Book, but it contains the _outline_ -of the whole volume, complete in itself, so far as it regards the Person -of the Coming One. Like the Book of Genesis, it is the seed-plot which -contains the whole, all the rest being merely the development of the many -grand details which are included and shut up within it. It is only one -chapter out of twelve, but it distinctly foreshadows the end--even "the -sufferings of Christ and the glory which should follow." - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign LIBRA. - - -_The Redeemer's Atoning Work; or The Price deficient balanced by the Price - which covers_. - -In the first chapter of this book we saw that this Coming Seed of the -woman was, among other things, to give up His life for others. - -The _second_ chapter is going to define and develope the manner and object -of this death. - -The name of the Sign, together with its three constellations and the names -of the stars composing them, give the complete picture of this Redemption. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 5: Libra (the Scales) - - -The Sign contains 51 stars, two of which are of the 2nd magnitude, one of -the 3rd, eight of the 4th, etc. - -The Hebrew name is _Mozanaim_, _the Scales_, _weighing_. Its name in -Arabic is _Al Zubena_, _purchase_, or _redemption_. In Coptic, it is -_Lambadia_, _station of propitiation_ (from _Lam_, _graciousness_, and -_badia_, _branch_). The name by which it has come down to us is the Latin, -_Libra_, which means _weighing_, as used in the Vulgate (Isa. xl. 12). - -Libra contains three bright stars whose names supply us with the whole -matter. The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the lower scale), is named _Zuben al Genubi_, -which means _the purchase_, or _price which is deficient_. This points to -the fact that man has been utterly ruined. He is "weighed in the balances -and found wanting." - - - "None of them can by any means redeem his brother, - Nor give to God a ransom for him; - For the redemption of their soul is costly, - And must be let alone for ever." - - (Ps. xlix. 7, R.V.) - - "Surely men of low degree are vanity (Heb. _a breath_), - And men of high degree are a lie; - In the balances they go up; - They are altogether lighter than vanity" (Heb. _a breath_). - - (Ps. lxii. 9, R.V.) - - -This is the verdict pronounced and recorded by this star _Zuben al -Genubi_. - -Is there then no hope? Is there no one who can pay the price? - -Yes; there is "the Seed of the woman." He is not merely coming as a child, -but He is coming as an atoning sacrifice. - -He is coming for the purpose of Redemption! He can pay _the price which -covers_! Hence in the upper scale we have another bright star with this -very name _Zuben al Chemali_--THE PRICE WHICH COVERS! Praised be God! "They -sang a new song, saying, Thou art worthy ... for Thou wast slain, and hast -redeemed us to God by thy blood." (Rev. v. 9.) This is the testimony of {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, -the second brightest star! It has another name, _al Gubi_, _heaped up_, or -_high_, telling of the infinite value of this redemption price. But there -is a third star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, below, towards _Centaurus_ and the _Victim_ slain, -telling, by that and by its name, of the _conflict_ by which that -redemption would be accomplished. It is called _Zuben Akrabi_ or _Zuben al -Akrab_, which means _the price of the conflict_! - -There is, however, some reason to suppose that Libra is a very ancient -Egyptian corruption, bringing in human merit instead of Divine -righteousness; "the way of Cain" instead of the way of God. In the more -ancient Akkadian the months were called after the names of the signs,(38) -and the sign of the seventh month is the sign that we now call Libra. The -Akkadian name for it was _Tulku_. _Tul_ means _mound_ (like _dhul_ and -_dul_), and _ku_ means _sacred;_ hence, _Tulku_ means _the sacred mound_, -or _the holy altar_.(39) - -Not only is the name and its meaning different, but the teaching is -infinitely greater and more important, if we may believe that the original -picture of this sign was not a pair of scales, but the representation of -_a holy altar_. This would agree still better with the three -constellations which follow. - -The names of the stars would also be more appropriate, for it is the -Sacrifice of Christ which they foreshadowed, and here it was that the -price which covered was paid, and outweighed the price which was -deficient. What that price was to be, and how it was to be paid, and what -was to be the result in the Person of the Redeemer, is set forth in detail -in the three sections of this chapter by the constellations of _The Cross_ -endured, _The Victim_ slain, and _The Crown_ bestowed. - - - -1. CRUX (The Cross). - - - _The Cross Endured_. - -The Hebrew name was _Adom_, which means _cutting off_, as in Dan. ix. -26:--"After threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off." The last -letter of the Hebrew alphabet was called _Tau_, which was anciently made -in the form of a cross. The ancient _Phoenician_ was [Symbol: right-tilted -cross]; the ancient _Hebrew_, as found on coins, was [Symbol: right-tilted -cross] and [Symbol: vertical cross]; the _Aramaic_, as found on Egyptian -monuments, was a transition [Symbol: tilted cross] or [Symbol: stretched -cross], which passed into the present square Hebrew character {~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}. This -letter is called _Tau_, and means _a mark_; especially _a boundary-mark, a -limit or finish_. And it is the last letter, which finishes the Hebrew -alphabet to this day. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 6: Crux (the Cross) - - -The Southern Cross was just visible in the latitude of Jerusalem at the -time of the first coming of our Lord to die. Since then, through the -gradual recession of the Polar Star, it has not been seen in northern -latitudes. It gradually disappeared and became invisible at Jerusalem when -the Real Sacrifice was offered there; and tradition, which preserved its -memory, assured travellers that if they could go far enough south it would -be again seen. Dante sang of "the four stars never beheld but by the early -race of men." It was not until the sixteenth century had dawned that -missionaries and voyagers, doubling the Cape for the first time, and -visiting the tropics and southern seas, brought back the news of "a -wonderful cross more glorious than all the constellations of the heavens." - -It is a small asterism, containing only about five stars, _viz._, one of -the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, one of the 3rd, and one of the 4th. -Four of these are in the form of a cross. - -Long before the Christian Era this sign of the Cross had lost its true -meaning, and had been perverted in Babylon and Egypt as it has since been -desecrated by Rome. The Persians and Egyptians worshipped it. The cakes -made and eaten in honour of the Queen of Heaven were marked with it. This -heathen custom Rome has adopted and adapted in her Good Friday cakes, -which are thus stamped. But all are alike ignorant of what it means, -_viz._, "IT IS FINISHED." - -In Egypt, and in the earliest times, it was the sign and symbol of _life_. -To-day, Romanists use it as the symbol of _death_! But it means _life_! -Natural life given up, and eternal life procured. Atonement, finished, -perfect, and complete; never to be repeated, or added to. All who partake -of its benefits in Christ now, in grace, by faith "ARE made nigh by the -blood of Christ" (Eph. ii. 13), and of them Jesus says, "He that heareth -my voice, and believeth on Him that sent me HATH everlasting life, and -shall not come into judgment; but IS PASSED from death unto life" (John v. -24). So perfect and complete is the work which Jesus finished on the Cross -that we cannot seek to add even our repentance, faith, tears, or prayers, -without practically asserting that the work of Christ is not finished, and -is not sufficient! - -The Hebrew names of this constellation--_Adom_ and _Tau_--rebuke our -Pharisaic spirit, which is the relic and essence of all false religions, -and points to the blessed fact that the Sacrifice was offered "once for -all," and the atoning work of Redemption completely finished on Calvary. - - - "'Tis finished! the Messiah dies! - Cut off for sins, but not His own; - Accomplished is the sacrifice, - The great redeeming work is done." - - -In the ancient Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah this first Decan of LIBRA is -represented as a lion with his tongue hanging out of his mouth, as if in -thirst, and a female figure holding a cup out to him. Under his fore feet -is the hieroglyphic symbol of running water. What is all this but "the -Lion of the tribe of Judah" brought down "into the dust of death," and -saying "I am poured out like water ... my strength is dried up" (Ps. xxii. -13-18): "I thirst" (John xix. 28): "and in my thirst they gave me vinegar -to drink" (Ps. lxix. 21)? - -The Egyptian name of this Lion, however, points to his ultimate triumph, -for it is called _Sera_, that is, _victory_! - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. LUPUS or VICTIMA (The Victim). - - - _The Victim Slain._ - -Its modern name is _Lupus_ (a wolf), because it looks like one. It may be -any animal. The great point of this ancient constellation is that the -animal has been _slain_, and is in the act of falling down dead. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 7: Lupus or Victima the VICTIM Slain - - -Its Greek name is _Thera_, _a beast_, and _Lycos_, _a wolf_. Its Latin -name is _Victima_, or _Bestia_ (Vulg. Gen. viii. 17), which sufficiently -indicates the great lesson. This is confirmed by its ancient Hebrew name, -_Asedah_, and Arabic _Asedaton_, which both mean _to be slain_. - -More than 22 of its stars have been catalogued. None of them are higher -than the 4th magnitude; most of them are of the 5th or 6th. - -True, He was "by wicked hands crucified and slain," but He is slain here -by the Centaur, _i.e._ by Himself! To make it perfectly clear that it was -His own act (without which His death would lose all merit), He uttered -those solemn words: "I lay down my life for the sheep.... No man taketh it -from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I -have power to take it again" (John x. 15-18). He "offered Himself without -spot to God." "He put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself" (Heb. ix. 11, -26). - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah He is pictured as a little child with -its finger on its lips, and He is called _Sura_, _a lamb_! In other -pictures He has, besides, the horn of a goat on one side of His head. All -this pointed to one and the same great fact, _viz._, the development and -explanation of what was meant by _the bruising of His heel_! It meant that -this Promised Seed of the woman should come as a child, that He should -suffer, and die upon the Cross, for - - - "He was brought as a lamb to the slaughter; - And as a sheep before her shearers is dumb; - SO HE opened not his mouth." - - (Isa. liii. 7.) - - -Hence, the constellation prefigures a silent, willing sacrifice--Christ -Jesus, who, "being found in fashion as a man, humbled Himself, and became -obedient unto death, even the death of the Cross" (Phil. ii. 5-8). - - - -3. CORONA (The Crown). - - - _The Crown Bestowed._ - -"Wherefore God also hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a name which is -above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow." - -This is what is foreshown by this concluding section of the second -chapter. Each chapter ends with glory. As in the written Word of God, we -frequently have the glory of the Second Coming mentioned without any -allusions to the sufferings of the First Coming, but we never have the -First Coming in humiliation mentioned without an immediate reference to -the glory of the Second Coming. - -So here, the CROSS is closely followed by the CROWN! True, "we see not yet -all things put under Him, but we see Jesus ... for the suffering of death -crowned with glory and honour" (Heb. ii. 9). - -Yes, "the crowning day is coming," and all heaven shall soon resound with -the triumphant song, "Thou art worthy, ... for Thou wast slain and hast -redeemed us to God by Thy blood" (Rev. v. 9). - -The shameful Cross will be followed by a glorious crown, and "every tongue -shall confess that Jesus. Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." - - - "Mighty Victor, reign for ever, - Wear the crown so dearly won; - Never shall Thy people, never - Cease to sing what Thou hast done. - Thou hast fought Thy people's foes; - Thou wilt heal Thy people's woes!" - - -The Hebrew name for the constellation is _Atarah_, _a royal crown_, and -its stars are known to-day in the East by the plural, _Ataroth!_ - -Its Arabic name is _Al Iclil_, _an ornament_, or _jewel_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 8: CORONA (the Crown) - - -It has 21 stars: one of the 2nd magnitude and six of the 4th. It is easily -known by the stars {~GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, which form a crescent. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, has the Arabic name of _Al Phecca_, _the shining_. - -Thus ends this solemn chapter of LIBRA, which describes the great work of -Redemption, beginning with the Cross and ending with the Crown. The -Redeemer's work of Atonement is most blessedly set forth, and He alone is -seen as the substitute for lost sinners. - - - "What wondrous love, what mysteries - In this appointment shine! - My breaches of the law are His, - And His obedience mine." - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign SCORPIO. - - - _The Redeemer's Conflict_. - -We come now right into the heart of the conflict. The star-picture brings -before us a gigantic scorpion endeavouring to sting in the heel a mighty -man who is struggling with a serpent, but is crushed by the man, who has -his foot placed right on the scorpion's heart. - -The Hebrew name is _Akrab_, which is the name of a scorpion, but also -means _the conflict_, or _war_. It is this that is referred to in Ps. xci. -13: - - - "Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder. - The young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet." - - -David uses the very word in Ps. cxliv. 1, where he blesses God for -teaching his hands _to war_. - -The Coptic name is _Isidis_, which means _the attack of the enemy_, or -_oppression_; referring to "the wicked that oppress me, my deadly enemies -who compass me about" (Ps. xvii. 9). - -The Arabic name is _Al Akrab_, which means _wounding him that cometh_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 9: SCORPIO (the Scorpion) - - -There are 44 stars altogether in this sign. One is of the 1st magnitude, -one of the 2nd, eleven of the 3rd, eight of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the heart), bears the ancient Arabic name of -_Antares_, which means _the wounding_. It is called by the Latins _Cor -Scorpii_, because it marks the scorpion's heart. It shines ominously with -a deep red light. The sting is called in Hebrew _Lesath_ (Chaldee, -_Lesha_), which means _the perverse_. The stars in the tail are also known -as _Leshaa_, or _Leshat_.(40) - -The scorpion is a deadly enemy (as we learn from Rev. ix), with poison in -its sting, and all the names associated with the sign combine to set forth -the malignant enmity which is "set" between the serpent and the woman's -Seed. - -That enmity is shown more fully in the written Word, where we see the -attempt of the enemy (in Exod. i.) to destroy every male of the seed of -Abraham, and how it was defeated. - -We see his effort repeated when he used Athaliah to destroy "all the seed -royal" (2 Kings xi.), and how "the king's son" was rescued "from among" -the slain. - -We see his hand again instigating Haman, "the Jews' enemy," to compass the -destruction of the whole nation, but defeated in his designs. - -When the woman's Seed, the virgin's Son, was born, we are shown the same -great enemy inciting Herod to slay all the babes in Bethlehem (Matt. ii.), -but again he is defeated. - -In the wilderness of Juda, and in the Garden of Gethsemane the great -conflict is renewed. "This is your hour and the power of darkness,"(41) He -said to His enemies. - -The real wounding in the heel was received at the Cross. It was there the -scorpion struck the woman's seed. He died, but was raised again from the -dead "to destroy the works of the devil." - -To show us this; to prevent any mistake; to set forth the fact that this -conflict only _apparently_ ended in defeat, and that it did not really so -end, we have the first two constellations belonging to this sign presented -_in one picture_! Indeed, the picture is threefold, for it includes the -sign itself (as shown on the cover)! - -If these pictures had been separated, then the conflict would have been -separated from the victory; the deadly wound of the serpent's head from -the temporary wound in the Victor's heel. Hence, _three_ pictures are -required, in which the _scorpion_, the _serpent_, and the _man_, are all -involved, in order to present at the same time the triumphant issue of the -conflict. - -Hence, we must present, and consider together, the first two sections of -this mysterious chapter. - - - -1 and 2. SERPENS and OPHIUCHUS. - - - _The Struggle with the Enemy._ - -Here, _Serpens_, the serpent, is seen struggling vainly in the powerful -grasp of the man who is named _O-phi-u-chus_. In Latin he is called -Serpentarius. He is at one and the same moment shown to be seizing the -serpent with his two hands, and treading on the very heart of the -scorpion, marked by the deep red star _Antares_ (wounding). - -Just as we read the first constellation of the woman and child _Coma_, as -expounding the first sign VIRGO, so we have to read this first -constellation as expounding the second sign LIBRA. Hence, we have here a -further picture, showing the object of this conflict on the part of the -scorpion. - -In Scorpio we see merely the effort to wound _Ophiuchus_ in the heel; but -here we see the effort of the serpent to seize THE CROWN, which is -situated immediately over the serpent's head, and to which he is looking -up and reaching forth. - -The contest is for Dominion! It was the Devil, in the form of a serpent, -that robbed the first man of his crown; but in vain he struggled to wrest -it from the sure possession of the Second Man. Not only does he fail in -the attempt, but is himself utterly defeated and trodden under foot. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 10: SERPENS (the Serpent) and OPHIUCHUS (the Serpent Holder) - - -There are no less than 134 stars in these two constellations. Two are of -the 2nd magnitude, fourteen of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star in the Serpent, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the neck), is named _Unuk_, which -means _encompassing_. Another Hebrew name is _Alyah_, _the accursed_. From -this is _Al Hay_ (Arabic), _the reptile_. The next brightest star is {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in -the jaw), named, in Arabic, _Cheleb_, or _Chelbalrai, the serpent -enfolding_. The Greek name, _Ophiuchus_, is itself from the Hebrew and -Arabic name _Afeichus_, which means _the serpent held_. The brightest star -in _Ophiuchus_, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head), is called _Ras al Hagus_ (Arabic), _the -head of him who holds_. - -Other Hebrew names of stars, not identified, are _Triophas_, _treading -under foot_; _Saiph_ (in the foot(42) of Ophiuchus), _bruised_; -_Carnebus_, _the wounding_; _Megeros_, _contending_.(43) In the Zodiac of -Denderah we have a throned human figure, called _Api-bau_, _the chief who -cometh_. He has a hawk's head to show that he is the enemy of the serpent, -which is called _Khu_, and means _ruled_ or _enemy_. - -All these combine to set before us in detail the nature of the conflict -and its final issue. That final issue is, however, exhibited by the last -of the three constellations of this chapter. The Victor Himself requires a -whole picture to fully set forth the glorious victory. This brings us to-- - - - -3. HERCULES (The Mighty Man). - - - _The Mighty Vanquisher._ - -Here the mighty one, who occupies a large portion of the heavens, is seen -bending on one knee, with his right heel lifted up as if it had been -wounded, while his left foot is set directly over the head of the great -dragon. In his right hand he wields a great club, and in his left hand he -grasps a triple-headed monster (_Cerberus_). And he has the skin of a -lion, which he has slain, thrown around him.(44) - -In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a human figure, likewise with a club. -His name is _Bau_, which means _who cometh_, and is evidently intended for -Him who cometh to crush the serpent's head, and "destroy the works of the -devil." - -In Arabic he is called _Al Giscale, the strong one_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 11: HERCULES (the Mighty One) - - -There are 113 stars in this constellation. Seven are of the 3rd magnitude, -seventeen of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in his head), is named _Ras al Gethi_, and means -_the head of him who bruises_. - -The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the right arm-pit), is named _Kornephorus_, and means _the -branch, kneeling_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (in the right elbow) is called _Marsic_, _the wounding_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~} (in the upper part of the left arm) is named _Ma'asyn_, _the -sin-offering_. - -While {~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~} (in the lower part of the right arm) is _Caiam_, or _Guiam_, -_punishing_; and in Arabic, _treading under foot_. - -Thus does everything in the picture combine to set forth the mighty works -of this stronger than the strong man armed! - -We can easily see how the perversion of the truth by the Greeks came -about, and how, when the true foreshadowings of this Mighty One had been -lost, the many fables were invented to supply their place. The wiser sort -of Greeks knew this perfectly well. ARISTOTLE (in his _Metaphysics_, x. 8) -admits, with regard to Greek mythology, that religion and philosophy had -been lost, and that much had been "added after the mythical style," while -much had come down, and "may have been preserved to our times as the -remains of ancient wisdom." Religion, such as it was (POLYBIUS confesses), -was recognised as a "necessary means to political ends." NEANDER says that -it was "the fragments of a tradition, which transmitted the knowledge of -divine things possessed in the earliest times." - -ARATUS shews the same uncertainty as to the meaning of this Constellation -of _Hercules_. He says: - - - "Near this, and like a toiling man, revolves - A form. Of it can no one clearly speak, - Nor what he labours at. They call him simply - 'The man upon his knees': In desperate struggle - Like one who sinks, he seems. From both his shoulders - His arms are high-uplifted and out-stretched - As far as he can reach; and his right foot - Is planted on the coild Dragon's head." - - -Ancient authorities differ as to the personality of Hercules, and they -disagree as to the number, nature, and order of what are sometimes called -"the twelve labours of Hercules." But there is no doubt as to the mighty -foretold works which the woman's Seed should perform. - -From first to last Hercules is seen engaged in destroying some malignant -foe: now it is the Nemean lion; then it is the slaying of the boar of -Erymanthus; again, it is the conquest of the bull of Crete; then the -killing of the three-headed hydra, by whose venom Hercules afterwards -died. In the belly of the sea monster he is said to have remained "three -days and three nights." This was, doubtless, a perversion of the type of -Jonah, introduced by LYCOPHRON, who (living at the court of PTOLEMY -PHILADELPHUS, under whose auspices the Hebrew Scriptures were translated -into Greek) would have known of that Divine miracle, and of its -application to the Coming One. Bishop Horsley believed that the fables of -the Greek mythology could be traced back to the prophecies of the Messiah, -of which they were a perversion from ignorance or design. This is -specially true of Hercules. In his apparently impossible tasks of -overthrowing gigantic enemies and delivering captives, we can see through -the shadow, and discern the pure light of the truth. We can understand how -the original star-picture must have been a prophetic representation of Him -who shall destroy the Old Serpent and open the way again, not to fabled -"apples of gold," but to the "tree of life" itself. He it is who though -suffering in the mighty conflict, and brought to His knee, going down even -to "the dust of death," shall yet, in resurrection and advent glory, wield -His victorious club, subdue all His enemies, and plant His foot on the -Dragon's head. For of Him it is written:-- - - - "Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder; - The young lion and the dragon shalt Thou trample under foot." - - (Ps. xci. 13.) - - "Come, Lord, and burst the captives' chains, - And set the prisoners free; - Come, cleanse this earth from all its stains, - And make it meet for Thee! - - Oh, come and end Creation's groans-- - Its sighs, its tears, its blood, - And make this blighted world again - The dwelling-place of God." - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign SAGITTARIUS. - - - _The Redeemer's Triumph._ - -This is the concluding chapter of the first great book of this Heavenly -Revelation; and it is occupied wholly with the triumph of the Coming One, -who is represented as going forth "conquering and to conquer." - -The subject is beautifully set forth in the written Word (Ps. xlv. 3-5):-- - - - "Gird Thy sword upon Thy thigh, O most mighty, - [_Gird Thyself_] with Thy glory and Thy majesty, - And in Thy majesty ride prosperously, - Because of truth, and meekness, and righteousness; - And Thy right hand shall teach Thee terrible things. - Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the King's enemies; - Whereby the people fall under Thee." - - -John, in his apocalyptic vision, sees the same mighty Conqueror going -forth. "I saw (he says) a white horse, and He that sat on him had a bow, -... and He went forth conquering and to conquer" (Rev. vi. 2). - -This is precisely what is foreshadowed in the star-pictured sign now -called by the modern Latin name _Sagittarius_, which means _the Archer_. - -The Hebrew and Syriac name of the sign is _Kesith_, which means _the -Archer_ (as in Gen. xxi. 20). The Arabic name is _Al Kaus_, _the arrow_. -In Coptic it is _Pimacre_, _the graciousness_, or _beauty of the coming -forth_. In Greek it is _Toxotes_, _the archer_, and in Latin -_Sagittarius_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 12: SAGITTARIUS (the Archer) - - -There are 69 stars in the sign, _viz._, five of the 3rd magnitude (all in -the bow), nine of the 4th, etc. - -The names of the brightest stars are significant:-- - -Hebrew, _Naim_, which means _the gracious one_. This is exactly what is -said of this Victor in the same Psalm (xlv.), in the words immediately -preceding the quotation above (verse 2): - - - "GRACE is poured into Thy lips; - Therefore God hath blessed Thee for ever." - - -Hebrew, _Nehushta_, _the going_ or _sending forth_. - -We see the same in the Arabic names which have come down to us: _Al Naim_, -_the gracious one_; _Al Shaula_, _the dart_; _Al Warida_, _who comes -forth_; _Ruchba er rami_, _the riding of the bowman_. - -An ancient Akkadian name in the sign is _Nun-ki_, which means _Prince of -the Earth_. - -Again we have the picture of _a Centaur_ as to his outward form, _i.e._ a -being with two natures. Not now far down in the south, or connected with -His sufferings and sacrifice as man; but high up, as a sign of the Zodiac -itself, on the ecliptic, _i.e._ in the very path in which the sun -"rejoiceth in his going forth as a strong man." - -According to Grecian fable, this Sagittarius is _Cheiron_, the chief -Centaur; noble in character, righteous in his dealings, divine in his -power. - -Such will be the coming Seed of the woman in His power and glory:-- - - - "The sceptre of Thy kingdom is a right sceptre. - Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness; - Therefore God, Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of - gladness above thy fellows." - - (Ps. xlv. 6, 7.) - - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah he is called (as in Coptic) _Pi-macre_, -_i.e._ _graciousness, beauty of the appearing_ or _coming forth_. The -characters under the hind foot read _Knem_, which means _He conquers_. - -This is He who shall come forth like as an arrow from the bow, "full of -grace," but "conquering and to conquer." - -In all the pictures he is similarly represented, and the arrow in his bow -is aimed directly at the heart of the Scorpion. - -Thus ARATUS sang of _Cheiron_:-- - - - "'Midst golden stars he stands refulgent now, - And thrusts the scorpion with his bended bow." - - -In this Archer we see a faint reflection of Him who shall presently come -forth, all gracious, all wise, all powerful; whose arrows shall be "sharp -in the heart of the King's enemies." - - - "God shall shoot at them with an arrow; - Suddenly shall they be wounded. - So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves; - All that see them shall flee away. - And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; - For they shall wisely consider of His doing. - The righteous shall be glad in the Lord, and shall trust in Him; - And all the upright in heart shall glory." - - (Ps. lxiv. 7-10.) - - "Christ is coming! let Creation - From her groans and travail cease; - Let the glorious proclamation - Hope restore, and faith increase. - Christ is coming, - Come, thou blessed Prince of peace." - - -This brings us to the first of the three constellations or sections of -this chapter, which takes up this subject of praise to the Conqueror. - - - -1. LYRA (The Harp). - - - _Praise prepared for the Conqueror._ - -"Praise waiteth for thee, O God, in Zion" (Ps. lxv. 1). And when the -waiting time is over, and the Redeemer comes forth, then the praise shall -be given. "We give Thee thanks, O Lord God, the Almighty, which art, and -which wast, because thou hast taken to Thee Thy great power, and didst -reign" (Rev. xi. 17, R.V.). "Let us be glad and rejoice and give honour -unto Him" (Rev. xix. 7). The Twenty-first Psalm should be read here, as it -tells of the bursting forth of praise on the going forth of this all- -gracious Conqueror. - - - "The King shall rejoice in Thy strength, O LORD; - And in Thy salvation how greatly shall He rejoice!... - Thine hand shall find out all Thine enemies; - Thy right hand shall find out all that hate thee.... - Their fruit shalt Thou destroy from the earth; - And their seed from among the children of men. - For they intended evil against Thee; - They imagined a mischievous device which they are not able to - perform, - Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back (Heb. _Margin, - __"__set them as a butt__"_), - When Thou shalt make ready Thine arrows upon Thy strings - [_And shoot them_] against the face of them. - Be thou exalted, LORD, in thine own strength; - SO WILL WE SING AND PRAISE THY POWER." - - (Ps. xxi. 1, 8, 10-13.) - - -Beautifully, then, does _the harp_ come in here, following upon the going -forth of this victorious Horseman. This Song of the Lamb follows as -naturally as does the Song of Moses in Ex. xv. 1: "I will sing unto the -LORD, for He hath triumphed gloriously." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 13: LYRA (the Harp) - - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, is one of the most glorious in the heavens, and by -it this constellation may be easily known. It shines with a splendid white -lustre. It is called _Vega_, which means _He shall be exalted_. Its root -occurs in the opening of the Song of Moses, quoted above. Is not this -wonderfully expressive? - -Its other stars, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, are also conspicuous stars, of the 2nd and 4th -magnitude. {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is called _Shelyuk_, which means _an eagle_ (as does the -Arabic, _Al Nesr_); {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} is called _Sulaphat_, _springing up_, or -_ascending_, as praise. - -In the Zodiac of Denderah, this constellation is figured as a hawk or an -eagle (the enemy of the serpent) in triumph. Its name is _Fent-kar_, which -means _the serpent ruled_. - -There may be some confusion between the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Nesher_, _an -eagle_, and {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Gnasor_, _a harp_;(45) but there can be no doubt -about the grand central truth, that praise shall ascend up "as an eagle -toward heaven," when "every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, -and such as are in the sea, and all that is in them," shall send up their -universal song of praise: "Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be -unto Him that sitteth upon the throne and unto the Lamb for ever and ever. -Amen" (Rev. v. 13, 14). - -And for what is all this wondrous anthem of Praise? Listen once again. -"Alleluia:(46) Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord -our God; for TRUE AND RIGHTEOUS ARE HIS JUDGMENTS.... And again they said -Alleluia" (Rev. xix. 1-3). - - - With "that blessed hope" before us, - Let no HARP remain unstrung, - Let the coming advent chorus - Onward roll from tongue to tongue, Hallelujah, - "Come, Lord Jesus," quickly come. - - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. ARA (The Altar). - - - _Consuming Fire Prepared for His Enemies._ - -Here we have an altar or burning pyre, placed significantly and ominously -upside down! with its fires burning and pointing downwards towards the -lower regions, called _Tartarus_, or _the abyss_, or "outer-darkness." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 14: ARA (the Altar) - - -It is an asterism with nine stars, of which three are of the 3rd -magnitude, four of the 4th, etc. It is south of the Scorpion's tail, and -when these constellations were first formed it was visible only on the -very lowest horizon of the south, pointing to the completion of all -judgment in the lake of fire. - -In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a different picture, giving us another -aspect of the same judgment. It is a man enthroned, with a flail in his -hand. His name is _Bau_, the same name as _Hercules_ has, and means _He -cometh_. It is from the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~} (_Boh_), _to come_, as in Isa. lxiii. -1: - - - "Who is this that cometh from Edom, - With dyed garments from Bozrah." - - -This is a coming in judgment, as is clear from reason given in verse 4: - - - "For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart, - And the year of My redeemed is come. - And I looked, and there was none to help; - And I wondered that there was none to uphold; - Therefore Mine own arm brought salvation, - And My fury, it upheld Me." - - (Isa. lxiii. 4, 5.) - - -The completion of judgment, therefore, is what is pictured both by the -burning pyre and the Coming One enthroned, with his threshing instrument. - -In Arabic it is called _Al Mugamra_, which means _the completing_, or -_finishing_. The Greeks used the word _Ara_ sometimes in the sense of -_praying_, but more frequently in the sense of _imprecation_ or _cursing_. - -This is the curse pronounced against the great enemy. This is the burning -fire, pointing to the _completion_ of that curse, when he shall be cast -into that everlasting fire "prepared for the devil and his angels." This -is the allusion to it written in the midst of the very Scripture from -which we have already quoted (p. 66), Ps. xxi., where we read in verse 9 -(which we then omitted):-- - - - "Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of Thine anger: - The Lord shall swallow them up in His wrath; - And the fire shall devour them." - - -This brings us to the final scene, closing up this first great book of the -Heavens. - - - -3. DRACO (The Dragon). - - - _The Old Serpent, or the Devil, cast down from Heaven._ - -Each of the three great books concludes with this same foreshowing of -Apocalyptic truth. The same great enemy is referred to in all these -pictures. He is the Serpent; he is the Dragon; "the great dragon, that old -serpent, called the Devil and Satan" (Rev. xii. 9). The Serpent represents -him as the _Deceiver_; the Dragon, as the _Destroyer_. - -This _First_ Book concludes with the Dragon being cast down from heaven. - -The _Second_ Book concludes with _Cetus_, the Sea Monster, Leviathan, -bound. - -The _Third_ Book concludes with Hydra, the Old Serpent, destroyed. - -Here, at the close of the _First_ Book, we see not merely a dragon, but -the Dragon _cast down_! That is the point of this great star-picture. - -No one has ever seen a dragon; but among all nations (especially in China -and Japan), and in all ages, we find it described and depicted in legend -and in art. Both Old and New Testaments refer to it, and all unite in -connecting with it one and the same great enemy of God and man. - -It is against him that the God-Man--"the Son of God--goes forth to war." It -is for him that the eternal fires are prepared. It is he who shall shortly -be cast down from the heavens preparatory to his completed judgment. It is -of him we read, "The great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called -the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out and -his angels with him. And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is -come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of -His Christ; for the accuser of our brethren is cast down" (Rev. xii. 9, -10). - -It is of him that David sings:-- - - - "God is my king of old, - Working salvation in the midst of the earth ... - Thou brakest the heads of the dragons in the waters. - Thou brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces." - - (Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.) - - -Of him also the Spirit causes Isaiah to say, "In that day, shall this song -be sung in the land of Judah";-- - - - "In that day the Lord, with his sore, and great, and strong sword, - Shall punish leviathan the piercing (R.V. swift) serpent, - Even leviathan that crooked serpent; - And he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea." - - (Isa. xxvi. 1; xxvii. 1.) - - -This is exactly what is foreshadowed by this constellation of _Draco_. Its -name is from the Greek, and means _trodden on_, as in the Septuagint of -Ps. xci. 13: "The dragon shalt thou trample under feet," from the Hebrew -{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}, _Dahrach_, _to tread_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 15: DRACO (the Dragon Cast down) - - -In the Zodiac of Denderah it is shown as a serpent under the fore-feet of -Sagittarius, and is named _Her-fent_, which means _the serpent accursed_! - -There are 80 stars in the constellation; four of the 2nd magnitude, seven -of the 3rd magnitude, ten of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in one of the latter coils), is named _Thuban_ -(Heb.), _the subtle_. Some 4,620 years ago it was the Polar Star. It is -manifest, therefore, that the Greeks could not have invented this -constellation, as is confessed by all modern astronomers. It is still a -very important star in nautical reckonings, guiding the commerce of the -seas, and thus "the god of this world" is represented as winding in his -contortions round the pole of the world, as if to indicate his subtle -influence in all worldly affairs. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head), is called by the Hebrew name _Rastaban_, -and means _the head of the subtle_ (_serpent_). In the Arabic it is still -called _Al Waid_, which means _who is to be destroyed_. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (also in the head), is called _Ethanin_, _i.e._, _the -long serpent_, or _dragon_. - -The Hebrew names of other stars, not identified, are _Grumian_, _the -subtle_; _Giansar_, _the punished enemy_. Other (Arabic) names are _Al -Dib_, _the reptile_; _El Athik_, _the fraudful_; _El Asieh_, _the bowed -down_. - -And thus the combined testimony of every star (without a single exception) -of each constellation, and the constellations of each sign, accords with -the testimony of the Word of God concerning the coming Seed of the woman, -the bruising of His heel, the crushing of the serpent's head, "the -sufferings of Christ, and the glory which should follow." - - - "From far I see the glorious day, - When He who bore our sins away, - Will all His majesty display. - - A Man of Sorrows once He was, - No friend was found to plead His cause, - As all preferred the world's applause. - - He groaned beneath sin's awful load, - For in the sinner's place He stood, - And died to bring him back to God. - - But now He waits, with glory crowned. - While angel hosts His throne surround, - And still His lofty praises sound. - - To few on earth His name is dear, - And they who in His cause appear, - The world's reproach and scorn must bear - - Jesus, Thy name is all my boast, - And though by waves of trouble tossed, - Thou wilt not let my soul be lost. - - Come then, come quickly from above, - My soul impatient longs to prove, - The depths of everlasting love." - - - - - -THE SECOND BOOK. THE REDEEMED. - - - _The Result of the Redeemer's Sufferings._ - -In the _First_ Book we have had before us the work of the Redeemer set -forth as it concerned His own glorious person. In this _Second_ Book it is -presented to us as it affects others. Here we see the _results_ of His -humiliation, and conflict, and victory--"The sufferings of Christ" and the -blessings they procured for His redeemed people. - -In Chapter I. we have the Blessings procured. - -In Chapter II. their Blessings ensured. - -In Chapter III. their Blessings in abeyance. - -In Chapter IV. their Blessings enjoyed. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign CAPRICORNUS (The Sea Goat). - - - _The Goat of Atonement Slain for the Redeemed._ - -It is most noteworthy that this Second Book opens with the Goat, and -closes with the Ram: two animals of sacrifice; while the two middle -chapters are both connected with fishes.(47) The reason for this we shall -see as we proceed. - -Both are combined in the first chapter, or "Sign" of Capricornus. - -In all the ancient Zodiacs, or Planispheres, we find a goat with a fish's -tail. In the Zodiacs of Denderah and Esneh, in Egypt, it is half-goat and -half-fish, and it is there called _Hu-penius_, which means _the place of -the sacrifice_. - -In the Indian Zodiac it is a goat _passant_ traversed by a fish. - -There can be no doubt as to the significance of this sign. - -In the Goat we have the Atoning Sacrifice, in the Fish we have the people -for whom the atonement is made. When we come to the sign "PISCES" we shall -see more clearly that it points to the _multitudes_ of the redeemed host. - -The Goat is bowing its head as though falling down in death. The right leg -is folded underneath the body, and he seems unable to rise with the left. -The tail of the fish, on the other hand, seems to be full of vigour and -life. - -The Hebrew name of the sign is _Gedi_, _the kid_ or _cut off_, the same as -the Arabic _Al Gedi_. CAPRICORNUS is merely the modern (Latin) name of the -sign, and means _goat_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 16: CAPRICORNUS (the Goat) - - -There are 51 stars in the sign, three of which are of the 3rd magnitude, -three of the 4th, etc. Five are remarkable stars, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} in the horn and -head, and the remaining three, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, in the fishy tail. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} -is named _Al Gedi_, _the kid_ or _goat_, while the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} is called _Deneb -Al Gedi_, _the sacrifice cometh_. - -Other star-names in the sign, not identified, are _Dabih_ (Syriac), _the -sacrifice slain_; _Al Dabik_ and _Al Dehabeh_ (Arabic) have the same -meaning; _Ma'asad_, _the slaying_; _Sa'ad al Naschira_, _the record of the -cutting off_. - -Is not this exactly in accord with the Scriptures of truth? There were two -goats! Of "the _goat_ of the sin-offering" it is written, "God hath given -it to you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for -them before the LORD" (Lev. x. 16, 17): of the other goat, which was not -slain, "he shall let it go into the wilderness" (Lev. xvi. 22). Here is -death and resurrection. Christ was "wounded for our transgressions, and -bruised for our iniquities." "For the transgression of MY PEOPLE was He -stricken" (Isa. liii.). He laid down His life for the sheep. - -In the first chapter of the _First_ Book we had the same Blessed One -presented as "a corn of wheat." Here we see Him come to "die," and hence -not abiding alone, but bringing forth "much fruit" (John xii. 24). The -living fish proceeds from the dying goat, and yet they form only one body. -That picture, which has no parallel in nature, has a perfectly true -counterpart in grace; and "a great multitude, which no man can number," -have been redeemed and shall obtain eternal life through the death of -their Redeemer. - -It is, however, not merely the actual death which is set before us here. -The _first_ chapter _in each book_ has for its great subject _the Person_ -of the Redeemer in _prophecy_ and promise. The _last_ chapter in each book -has for its subject the fulfilment of that prophecy in victory and -triumph, in the Person of the Redeemer: while the two _central_ chapters -_in each_ book are occupied with _the work_ which is the accomplishment of -the promise, presented in two aspects--the former connected with _grace_, -the latter with _conflict_. - -Thus the _structure_ of each of the three books is an _epanodos_, having -for its first and last members the Person of the Redeemer (in "A" in -_Prophecy_; in "_A_" in _Fulfilment_), while in the two central members we -have the work and its accomplishment (in "B" _in grace_; and in "_B_" _in -conflict_). - -It may be thus presented to the eye:-- - - _The First Book._ - -A | VIRGO. The Prophecy of the Bruised Seed. - B | LIBRA. The work accomplished (in _grace_). - _B_ | SCORPIO. The work accomplished (in _conflict_.) -_A_ | SAGITTARIUS. The fulfillment of the promised victory. - - _The Second Book._ - -C | CAPRICORNUS. The Prophecy of the Promised Deliverance. - D | AQUARIUS. Results of the work bestowed (in grace). - _D_ | PISCES. Results of the work enjoyed (in conflict). -_C_ | ARIES. The Fulfilment of the Promised Deliverance. - - _The Third Book._ - -E | TAURUS. The Prophecy of the coming Judge of all the earth. - F | GEMINI. The Redeemer's reign. (Grace and Glory). - _F_ | CANCER. The Redeemer's possession (safe from all conflict). -_E_ | LEO. The fulfilment of the promised Triumph. - -Hence in CAPRICORNUS we must look for the _prophecy_ of this Coming -Sacrifice. As a matter of fact it did actually point out the time when the -Sun of Righteousness should arise, and "the Light of the World" appear. -For when this Promised Seed was born the Sun _was actually in this sign of -Capricornus_! "The fulness of time was come," and "God sent forth His Son -TO REDEEM them that were under the Law" (Gal. iv. 4). The Sun was really -amongst those very stars--_Al Gedi_, _the kid_, and _Deneb Al Gedi_, _the -sacrifice cometh_--when this willing Sacrifice said, "Lo I come to do Thy -will, O God." The nights were at their darkest and their longest when -Jesus was born. The days began immediately to lengthen when He, "the true -light," had come into the world.(48) - -Astronomers confess that the perverted legends of the Greeks give but "a -lame account" of this sign, "and it offers no illustration of _its ancient -origin_." - -Its ancient origin reveals a prophetic knowledge, which only He possessed -who knew that in "the fulness of time" He would send forth His Son. - -We now come to the three constellations which give us three pictures -setting forth the death of this Sacrifice and of His living again. - - - -1. SAGITTA (The Arrow). - - - _The Arrow of God sent forth_. - -It is not the Arrow of Sagittarius, for that has not left his bow. That -arrow is for the enemies of God. This is for the Son of God. It was of -this that He spoke when He said, in Ps. xxxviii. 2: - - - "Thine arrows stick fast in me, - And Thy hand presseth me sore." - - -He was "stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted, He was wounded for our -transgressions" (Isa. liii. 4, 5). He was "pierced," when He could say -with Job, "The arrows of the Almighty are within me" (vi. 4). - - [Illustration] - -Plate 17: SAGITTA (the Arrow), AQUILA (the Eagle), DELPHINUS (the Dolphin) - - -Here the arrow is pictured to us in mid-heaven, alone, as having been shot -forth by an invisible hand. It is seen in its flight through the heavens. -It is the arrow of God, showing that Redemption is all of God. It was "the -will of God" which Jesus came to do. Not a mere work of mercy for -miserable sinners, but a work ordained in eternity past, for the glory of -God in eternity future. - -This is the record of the Word, and this is what is pictured for us here. -The work which the arrow accomplishes is seen in the dying Goat, and in -the falling Eagle. - -There are many other stars in the heavens in a straighter line, which -would better serve for an arrow. Why are these stars chosen? Why is the -arrow placed here? What explanation can be given, except that the -Revelation in the stars and in the Book are both from the inspiration of -the same Spirit? - -There are about 18 stars, of which four are of the 4th magnitude. Only {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} -and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} are in the same line, while the shaft passes between {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}. - -The Hebrew name is _Sham_, _destroying_, or _desolate_. - - - -2. AQUILA (The Eagle). - - - _The Smitten One Falling._ - -Here we have an additional picture of the effect of this arrow, in the -pierced, wounded, and falling Eagle, gasping in its dying struggle. And -that pierced, wounded, and dying Saviour whom it represents, after saying, -in Ps. xxxviii. 2, "Thine arrows stick fast in Me," added, in verse 10: - - - "My heart panteth, My strength faileth Me, - As for the light of Mine eyes it is gone from Me." - - (See also Zech. xiii. 6.) - - -The names of the stars, all of them, bear out this representation. The -constellation contains 74 stars. The brightest of them, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the Eagle's -neck), is a notable star of the 1st magnitude, called _Al Tair_ (Arabic), -_the wounding_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the throat) is called _Al Shain_ (Arabic), -_the bright_, from a Hebrew root meaning _scarlet coloured_, as in Josh. -ii. 18. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the back) is called _Tarared_, _wounded_, or -_torn_. {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the lower wing) is named _Alcair_, which means _the -piercing_, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the tail), _Al Okal_, has the significant meaning -_wounded in the heel_. - -How can the united testimony of these names be explained except by -acknowledging a Divine origin? even that of Him who afterwards foretold of -the bruising of the Virgin's Son in the written Word; yea, of Him "who -telleth the number of the stars and giveth them all their names." - - - -3. DELPHINUS (The Dolphin). - - - _The Dead One Rising again._ - -This is a bright cluster of 18 stars, five of which are of the 3rd -magnitude. It is easily distinguished by the four brightest, which are in -the head. - -It is always figured as a fish full of life, and always with the head -upwards, just as the eagle is always with the head downwards. The great -peculiar characteristic of the dolphin is its rising up, leaping, and -springing out of the sea. - -When we compare this with the dying goat and falling eagle, what -conclusion can we come to but that we have here the filling in of the -picture, and the completion of the whole truth set forth in Capricornus? - -Jesus "died and rose again." Apart from His resurrection His death is -without result. In His conflict with the enemy it is only His coming again -in glory which is shown forth. But here, in connection with His people, -with the multitudes of His redeemed, Resurrection is the great and -important truth. He is "the first-fruits of them that slept"; then He, -too, is here represented as a fish. He who went down into the waters of -death for His people; He who could say "All thy waves and thy billows are -gone over me" (Ps. xlii. 7), He it is who rises up again from the dead, -having died on account of the sins of His redeemed, and risen again on -account of their justification (Rom. iv. 25). - -This is the picture here. In the Persian planisphere there seems to be a -fish and a stream of water. The Egyptian has a vessel pouring out water. - -The ancient names connected with this constellation are _Dalaph_ (Hebrew), -_pouring out of water_; _Dalaph_ (Arabic), _coming quickly;_ _Scalooin_ -(Arabic), _swift (as the flow of water); Rotaneb_ or _Rotaneu_ (Syriac and -Chaldee), _swiftly running_. - -Thus, in this first chapter of the Second Book we see the great truth of -Revelation set forth; and we learn how the great Blessings of Redemption -were procured. This truth cannot be more eloquently or powerfully -presented than in the language of Dr. Seiss:-- - - - "This strange goat-fish, dying in its head, but living in its - afterpart--falling as an eagle pierced and wounded by the arrow of - death, but springing up from the dark waves with the matchless - vigour and beauty of the dolphin--sinking under sin's condemnation, - but rising again as sin's conqueror--developing new life out of - death, and heralding a new springtime out of December's long drear - nights--was framed by no blind chance of man. The story which it - tells is the old, old story on which hangs the only availing hope - that ever came, or ever can come, to Adam's race. To what it - signifies we are for ever shut up as the only saving faith. In - that dying Seed of the woman we must see our sin-bearer and the - atonement for our guilt, or die ourselves unpardoned and - unsanctified. Through His death and bloodshedding we must find our - life, or the true life, which alone is life, we never can have." - - "Complete atonement Thou hast made, - And to the utmost farthing paid - Whate'er Thy people owed: - Nor can His wrath on me take place, - If sheltered in His righteousness, - And sprinkled with the blood. - - If my discharge Thou hast procured, - And freely in my room endured - The whole of wrath divine, - Payment God cannot twice demand, - First at my bleeding Surety's hand, - And then again at mine. - - Turn, then, my soul, unto Thy rest; - The merits of Thy great High Priest - Have bought thy liberty; - Trust in His efficacious blood, - Nor fear thy banishment from God, - Since Jesus died for thee." - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign AQUARIUS (The Water Bearer). - - - _Their Blessings Ensured, or the Living Waters of Blessing Poured Forth - for the Redeemed._ - -The Atonement being made, the blessings have been procured, and now they -can be bestowed and poured forth upon the Redeemed. This is the truth, -whether we think of Abel's lamb, of patriarchal sacrifices, the offerings -under the Law, or of that great Sacrifice of which they all testified. -They all with one voice tell us that atonement made is the only foundation -of blessing. - -This was pictured and foreshown in the heavens from the beginning, by a -man pouring forth water from an urn which seems to have an inexhaustible -supply, and which flows forth downwards into the mouth of a fish, which -receives it and drinks it all up. - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah it is the same idea, though the man -holds two urns, and the fish below seems to have come out of the urn. The -man is called _Hupei Tirion_, which means _the place of him coming down_ -or _poured forth_. - -In some eastern Zodiacs the Urn alone appears. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 18: AQUARIUS (the Water Bearer) & PISCIS AUSTRALIS (the Southern - Fish) - - -This agrees with its other names--Hebrew, _Deli_, _the water-urn_, or -_bucket_ (as in Num. xxiv. 7); the Arabic _Delu_ is the same. - -There are 108 stars in this Sign, four of which are of the 3rd magnitude. -Their names, as far as they have come down to us, are significant. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the right shoulder) is called _Sa'ad al Melik_, which means -_the record of the pouring forth_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the other shoulder) is called _Saad al Sund_, _who goeth -and returneth_, or _the pourer out_. - -The bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the lower part of the right leg) is well-known to- -day by its Hebrew name _Scheat_, which means _who goeth and returneth_. - -The bright star in the urn has an Egyptian name--_Mon_ or _Meon_, which -means simply _an urn_. - -Aquarius is the modern Latin name by which the sign is known. It has the -same meaning, _the pourer forth of water_. - -Can we doubt what is the interpretation of this sign? The Greeks, not -knowing Him of whom it testified, were, like the woman of Samaria, -destitute of that living water which He alone can give. They therefore -invented some story about _Deucalion_, the son of Prometheus; and another, -saying he is _Ganymede_, Jove's cup-bearer! But, as an astronomer says, -"We must account otherwise for the origin of this name; for it is not -possible to reconcile the symbols of the eleventh(49) sign with Grecian -mythology." No! we must go further back than that, and not cramp our -vision, and distort the Scriptures, by confining our thoughts to "the -Church." The Church is nowhere seen in these Signs, as she is nowhere -revealed in the Old Testament. This we shall enlarge on when we come to -the sign Pisces. Meanwhile we must read the witness of the stars as if -there had been no Church! - -Christ is first. Yea, He is all in all. The Scriptures testify of Him; and -the very stars in this Sign tell of His going away and His coming again. -These prophetic signs have to do with Him, with the Atonement He wrought, -with the conflict He endured, with the blessings He secured, with the -victory He shall win, and the triumph He shall have. For it is written: - - - "He shall pour the water out of His buckets, - And His seed shall be in many waters, - And His king shall be higher than Agag, - And His kingdom shall be exalted." - - (Num. xxiv. 7.) - - -It tells of that glorious day when - - - "A King shall reign in righteousness; - And princes shall rule in judgment; - And a MAN shall be as an hiding place - from the wind, - And a covert from the tempest; - As RIVERS of WATER in a dry place." - - (Isa. xxxii. 1, 2). - - -It speaks of that glorious time when Israel shall be restored, and their -"eyes shall see the King in His beauty"; when the peace of Zion shall be -no more disturbed, "but there the glorious LORD will be unto us a place of -broad rivers and streams" (Isa. xxxiii. 17, 20, 21). Then - - - "The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; - And the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose, - For in the wilderness shall waters break out, - And streams in the desert." - - (Isa. xxxv. 1, 6.) - - "I will open rivers in high places, - And fountains in the midst of the valleys; - I will make the wilderness a pool of water, - And the dry land springs of water." - - (Isa. xli. 18.) - - "Fear not, O Jacob, My servant; - And thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen, - For I will POUR WATER upon him that is thirsty, - And floods upon the dry ground; - I will pour My Spirit upon thy seed, - And My blessing upon thy offspring. - Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, - And his Redeemer the LORD of hosts." - - (Isa. xliv. 2, 3, 6.) - - -This is the meaning of the Sign. The MAN Christ Jesus, who was humbled in -death will yet be seen to be the pourer forth of every blessing. -_Physically_ pouring forth literal waters, removing the curse, and turning -this world into a paradise: - - - "Making her wilderness like Eden, - And her desert like the garden of the LORD." - - (Isa. li. 3.) - - -And _morally_ pouring forth His Spirit in such abundance as to fill the -whole earth with peace, and blessing, and glory, "as the waters cover the -sea." - -Upon Israel restored He will pour out His blessing. They will be sprinkled -with clean water, and possess a new heart and a new spirit (Ezek. xxxvi. -24-28; Joel ii. 28-32). - -Such are some of the Scriptures which tell of this glorious Water-pourer. -We need not rob Christ of His glory, or Israel of her blessing, in order -to see in all this Pentecost or the Church. These are quite independent of -the great line of prophetic truth. They are parenthetical, and distinct, -and true, quite apart from the glorious prophecies of Israel's scattering -and gathering. The physical marvels referred to in the texts above can -never be satisfied or exhausted by any spiritual fulfilment. We may make -an _application_ of them as far as is consistent with the teaching of the -epistles; but the _interpretation_ of them belongs to the Person of -Christ, and the nation of Israel. That interpretation is pictured for us -in the Sign, and in its three constellations. - - - -1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (The Southern Fish). - - - _The Blessings Bestowed._ - -This first constellation is one of high antiquity,(50) and its brilliant -star of the first magnitude was a subject of great study by the Egyptians -and Ethiopians. It is named in Arabic _Fom al Haut_, _the mouth of the -fish_. There are 22 other stars. - -The constellation is inseparable from Aquarius, in connection with which -we have shown it in Plate XVIII. In the Denderah Zodiac it is called -_Aar_, _a stream_. - -It sets forth the simple truth that the blessings procured by the MAN--the -coming Seed of the woman, will be surely bestowed and received by those -for whom they are intended. There will be no failure in their -communication, or in their reception. What has been purchased shall be -secured and possessed. - - - -2. PEGASUS (The Winged Horse). - - - _The Blessings Quickly Coming._ - -Not only shall they be received, but they shall be brought near. They will -not have to be fetched, but they will be caused to come to those for whom -they are procured, and will yet be _brought_ by Him who has procured them. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 19: PEGASUS (the Winged Horse) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac there are two characters immediately below the -horse, _Pe_ and _ka_. _Peka_ or _Pega_, is in Hebrew _the chief_, and -_Sus_ is _horse_. So that the very word (_Pegasus_) has come down to us -and has been preserved through all the languages. - -The names of the stars in this constellation declare to us its meaning. -There are 89 altogether; one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, three -of the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. And, as astronomers testify, "they -render Pegasus peculiarly remarkable." - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (on the neck of the horse at the junction of the wing), -comes down to us with the ancient Hebrew name of _Markab_, which means -_returning from afar_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the near shoulder) is called -_Scheat_, _i.e._, _who goeth and returneth_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (at the tip of the -wing) bears an Arabic name--_Al Genib_, _who carries_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -nostril) is called _Enif_ (Arabic), _the water_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} (in the near -leg) is called _Matar_ (Arabic), _who causes to overflow_. - -These names show us that we have to do with no mere horse. A winged horse -is unknown to nature. It must therefore be used as a figure; and it can be -a figure only of a person, even of Him who is "_the Branch_," as the star -_Enif_ shows, who said, "If I go away I will come again," as the star -_Scheat_ testifies. - -He who procured these blessings for the redeemed by His Atonement, is -quickly coming to bring them; and is soon returning to pour them forth -upon a groaning creation. This is the lesson of Pegasus. - - - "Come, blessed Lord, bid every shore - And answering island sing - The praises of Thy royal Name, - And own Thee as their King. - - Lord, Lord! Thy fair creation groans-- - The earth, the air, the sea-- - In unison with all our hearts, - And calls aloud for Thee. - - Thine was the Cross with all its fruits - Of grace and peace divine: - Be Thine the Crown of glory now, - The palm of victory Thine." - - - -3. CYGNUS (The Swan). - - - _The Blesser surely Returning._ - -This constellation repeats, emphasises, and affirms this glorious truth. -It has to do with the Great Blesser and His speedy return, as is testified -by all the ancient names connected with it. - -In the Denderah Zodiac it is named _Tes-ark_, which means _this from -afar_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 20: CYGNUS (the Swan) - - -It is a most brilliant and gorgeous asterism of 81 stars; one of the 1st -or 2nd, six of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th magnitude, etc. It contains -variable stars, five double stars, and one quadruple. The star marked "61 -Cygni" is known as one of the most wonderful in the whole heavens. It -consists of two stars which revolve about each other, and yet have a -progressive motion common to each! - -This mighty bird is not falling dead, like Aquila, but it is flying -swiftly in mid-heaven. It is coming to the earth, for it is not so much a -bird of the air, but a bird peculiarly belonging to both the earth and the -waters. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (between the body and the tail), is called _Deneb_ -(like another in Capricornus), and means _the judge_. It is also called -_Adige_, _flying swiftly_, and thus at once it is connected with Him who -cometh to judge the earth in righteousness. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the beak) is named _Al Bireo_ (Arabic), _flying quickly_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the body) is called _Sadr_ (Hebrew), _who returns as in a -circle_. - -The two stars in the tail, now marked in the maps as {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} 1 and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} 2, are -named _Azel_, _who goes and returns quickly_; and _Fafage_, _gloriously -shining forth_. - -The teaching, then, of the whole sign of AQUARIUS is clear and complete. -The names of the stars explain the constellations, and the names of the -constellations explain the sign, so that we are left in no doubt. - -By His atoning death (as set forth in CAPRICORNUS) He has purchased and -procured unspeakable blessings for His redeemed. This sign (AQUARIUS) -tells of those blessings being poured forth, and of the speedy return of -Him who is to bring "rivers of blessing," and to fill this earth with -blessing and glory "as the waters cover the sea." - - - "Then take, LORD, thy kingdom, and come in Thy glory; - Make the scene of Thy sorrows the place of Thy throne, - Complete all the blessing which ages in story - Have told of the triumphs so justly Thine own." - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign PISCES (The Fishes). - - - _The Blessings of the Redeemed in abeyance._ - -In this third chapter of the Second Book we come to the results of the -Redeemer's work enjoyed, but in connection with conflict, as is seen in -the last of the three sections (the constellation of _Andromeda_, _the -chained woman_), which leads up to the last chapter of the book, and ends -it in triumph over every enemy. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 21: PISCES (the Fish) and the Band - - -The Sign is pictured as two large fishes bound together by a _Band_, the -ends of which are fastened separately to their tails. One fish is -represented with its head pointing upwards towards the North Polar Star, -the other is shown at right angles, swimming along the line of the -ecliptic, or path of the sun. - -The ancient Egyptian name, as shown on the Denderah Zodiac, is _Pi-cot -Orion_, or _Pisces Hori_, which means _the fishes of Him that cometh_. - -The Hebrew name is _Dagim_, _the Fishes_, which is closely connected with -_multitudes_, as in Gen. xlviii. 26, where Jacob blesses Joseph's sons, -and says, "Let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth." The -margin says, "Let them grow _as fishes do increase_." It refers to the -fulfilment of Gen. i. 28, "Be fruitful and multiply." The _multitude_ of -Abraham's seed is prominent in the pronouncement of the blessings, where -God compared his future posterity to the stars of the sky, and the sand -upon the sea shore. "A very great multitude of fish," as in Ezek. xlvii. -9. - -The Syriac name is _Nuno_, _the fish_, _lengthened out (as in posterity)_. - -The sign, then, speaks of the multitudes who should enjoy the blessings of -the Redeemer's work. - -And here we must maintain that "the Church," which is "the Body of -Christ," was a subject that was never revealed to man until it was made -known to the Apostle Paul by a special revelation. The Holy Spirit -declares (Rom. xvi. 25) that it "was kept secret since the world began." -In Eph. iii. 9 he declares that it "from the beginning of the world hath -been hid in God"; and in Col. i. 26, that it "hath been hid from ages and -from generations, but now is made manifest to His saints." In each -scripture which speaks of it as "now made manifest," or "now made known," -it is distinctly stated that it was "a mystery," _i.e._, a _secret_, and -had, up to that moment, been hidden from mankind, hidden "in God." How, -then, we ask, can "the Church," which was _a subsequent_ revelation, be -read into the previous prophecies, whether written in the Old Testament -Scriptures, or made known in the Heavens? If the Church was revealed in -prophecy, then it could not have been said to be hidden or kept secret. If -the _first_ revelation of it was made known to Paul, as he distinctly -affirms it was, then it could not have been revealed before. Unless we see -this very clearly, we cannot "rightly divide the word of truth" (2 Tim. -ii. 15). And if we do not rightly divide the word of truth, in its -subjects, and times, and dispensations, we must inevitably be landed in -confusion and darkness, interpreting of the Church, scriptures which -belong only to Israel. - -The Church, or Body of Christ, is totally distinct from every class of -persons who are made the subject of prophecy. Not that the Church of God -was an after-thought. No, it was a Divine secret, kept as only God Himself -could keep it. The Bible therefore would have been complete (so far as the -Old Testament prophecies are concerned) if the Epistles (which belong only -to the Church) were taken out. The Old Testament would then give us the -kingdom prophesied; the Gospels and Acts, the King and the kingdom offered -and rejected; then the Apocalypse would follow, showing how that promised -kingdom will yet be set up with Divine judgment, power, and glory. - -If these Signs and these star-pictures be the results of inspired -patriarchs, then this Sign of PISCES can refer to "His seed," prophesied -of in Isa. liii.: "He shall see His seed." It must refer to - - - "The nation whose God is the LORD, - And the people whom He hath chosen for His own inheritance." - - (Ps. xxxiii. 12.) - - "Such as be blessed of Him shall inherit the earth." - - (Ps. xxxvii. 22.) - - "The LORD shall increase you more and more, - You and your children, - Ye are blessed of the LORD." - - (Ps. cxv. 14, 15.) - - "Their seed shall be known among the Gentiles. - And their offspring among the people; - All that see them shall acknowledge them, - That they are the seed which the LORD hath blessed." - - (Isa. lxi. 9.) - - "They are the seed of the blessed of the LORD, - And their offspring with them." - - (Isa. lxv. 23.) - - -The prophecy of this Sign was afterwards written in the words of Isa. -xxvi. 15--the song which shall yet be sung in the land of Judah: - - - "Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, - Thou hast increased the nation." - - -And in Isa. ix. 3 (R.V.), speaking of the glorious time when the -government shall be upon the shoulder of the coming King: - - - "Thou hast multiplied the nation, - Thou hast increased their joy." - - -Of that longed-for day Jeremiah sings (xxx. 19): - - - "I will multiply them - And they shall not be few; - I will also glorify them, - And they shall not be small." - - -Ezekiel also is inspired to say: - - - "I will multiply men upon you, - All the house of Israel, even all of it: - And the cities shall be inhabited, - And the wastes shall be builded; - And I will multiply upon you man and beast, - And they shall increase and bring fruit." - - (Ezek. xxxvi. 10, 11.) - - "Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them; - It shall be an everlasting covenant with them! - And I will place them, and multiply them, - And will set My sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore." - - (Ezek. xxxvii. 26.) - - -Indeed, this Sign of PISCES has always been interpreted of Israel. Both -Jews and Gentiles have agreed in this. ABARBANEL, a Jewish commentator, -writing on Daniel, affirms that the Sign PISCES always refers to the -people of Israel. He gives five reasons for this belief, and also affirms -that a conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn always betokens a -crisis in the affairs of Israel. Because such a conjunction took place in -his day (about 1480 A.D.) he looked for the coming of Messiah.(51) - -Certain it is, that when the sun is in PISCES all the constellations which -are considered _noxious_, are seen above the horizon. What is true in -astronomical observation is true also in historical fact. When God's -favour is shown to Israel, "the Jew's enemy" puts forth his malignant -powers. When they increased and multiplied in Egypt, he endeavoured to -compass the destruction of the nation by destroying the male children; but -their great Deliverer remembered His covenant, defeated the designs of the -enemy, and brought the counsel of the heathen to nought. So it was in -Persia; and so it will yet be again when the hour of Israel's final -deliverance has come. - -There can be no doubt that we have in this Sign the foreshowing of the -multiplication and blessing of the children of promise, and a token of -their coming deliverance from all the power of the enemy. - -But why _two_ fishes? and why is one horizontal and the other -perpendicular? The answer is, that not only in Israel, but in the seed of -Seth and Shem there were always those who looked for a heavenly portion, -and were "partakers of a heavenly calling." In Heb. xi. we are distinctly -told that Abraham "looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder -and maker is God" (_v._ 10). They were "strangers and pilgrims on the -earth" (_v._ 13). _Strangers_ are those without a home, and _pilgrims_ are -those who are journeying home: "they seek a country" (_v._ 14). They -desired "a better country, that is, an HEAVENLY: wherefore God is not -ashamed(52) to be called their God; for He hath prepared for them a city" -(_v._ 16). It is clear, therefore, that what are called the "Old Testament -Saints" were "partakers of THE HEAVENLY CALLING" (Heb. iii. 1), which -included a heavenly portion and a heavenly home; and all through the ages -there have been "partakers of the heavenly calling." This is quite -distinct from the calling of the Church, which is from both Jews and -Gentiles to form "one body," a "new man" in Christ (Eph. ii. 15). It must -be distinct, for it is expressly stated at the end of that chapter (Heb. -xi. 40) that God has "PROVIDED (marg. _forseen_) SOME BETTER THING FOR -US." How can this be a "better thing," if it is the _same thing_? There -must be two separate things if one is "better" than the other! Our calling -in Christ is the "better thing." The Old Testament saints had, and will -have, _a good thing_. They will have a heavenly blessing, and a heavenly -portion, for God has "prepared for them a city," and we see that prepared -city, even "the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of -HEAVEN, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband" (Rev. xxi. 2). This -is the "heavenly" portion of the Old Testament saints, the Bride of -Christ. The Church will have a still "better" portion, for "they without -us should not be made perfect" (Heb. xi. 40). - -The fish, shooting upwards to the Polar Star, exquisitely pictures this -"heavenly calling"; while the other fish, keeping on the horizontal line, -answers to those who were content with an earthly portion. - -But both alike were divinely called, and chosen, and upheld. The names of -two of the stars in the sign (not identified) are _Okda_ (Hebrew), _the -united_, and _Al Samaca_ (Arabic), _the upheld_.(53) These again speak of -the redeemed seed, of whom, and to whom, Jehovah speaks in that coming day -of glory in Isa. xli. 8-10 (R.V.):-- - - - "But thou, Israel, My servant, - Jacob, whom I have chosen, - The seed of Abraham My friend; - Thou whom I have taken hold of from the ends of the earth, - And called thee from the corners thereof, - And said unto thee, Thou art My servant; - I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away; - Fear thou not, for I am with thee; - Be not dismayed, for I am thy God! - I will strengthen thee; - Yea, I will help thee; - Yea, I will UPHOLD thee with the right hand of My righteousness." - - -This is the teaching of the Sign; and the first constellation takes up -this thought and emphasises it. - - - -1. THE BAND. - - - _The Redeemed Bound, but binding their Enemy._ - -The band that _unites_ these two fishes has always formed a separate -constellation. It is shown in Plate XXI. The Arabian poems of ANTARAH -frequently mention it as distinct from the Sign with which it is so -closely connected. ANTARAH was an Arabian poet of the sixth century. - -Its ancient Egyptian name was _U-or_, which means _He cometh_. Its Arabic -name is _Al Risha_, _the band_, or _bridle_. - -It speaks of the Coming One, not in His relation to Himself, or to His -enemies, but in His relation to _the Redeemed_. It speaks of Him who says: - - - "I drew them with cords of a man, - With bands of love; - And I was to them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws." - - (Hosea xi. 4, R.V.) - - -But it speaks also of His unloosing the bands with which they have been so -long bound. - -In the picture these fishes are bound. One end of the _band_ is fastened -securely round the tail of one fish, and it is the same with the other. -Moreover, this _band_ is fastened to the neck of _Cetus_, the sea monster, -while immediately above is seen a woman chained as a captive. These both -tell the same story, and, indeed, all are required to set forth the whole -truth. The fishes are _bound_ to _Cetus_; the woman (_Andromeda_) is -chained; but the Deliverer of both is near. Cepheus, the Crowned King, the -Redeemer, "the Breaker," the Branch, is seen coming quickly for the -deliverance of His redeemed. These are the three constellations of this -sign, and all three are required to set forth the story. - -Israel now is bound. The great enemy still oppresses, but deliverance is -sure. ARIES, _the Ram_, is seen with his paws on this band, as though -about to loosen the bands and set the captives free, and to fast bind -their great oppressor. - - - -2. ANDROMEDA (The Chained Woman). - - - _The Redeemed in their Bondage and Affliction._ - -This is a peculiar picture to set in the heavens. A woman with chains -fastened to her feet and arms, in misery and trouble; and bound, helpless, -to the sky. Yet this is the ancient foreshowing of the truth. - -In the Denderah Zodiac her name is _Set_, which means _set_, _set up as a -queen_. In Hebrew it is _Sirra_, _the chained_, and _Persea_, _the -stretched out_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 22: ANDROMEDA (the Chained Woman) - - -There are 63 stars in this constellation, three of which are of the 2nd -magnitude, two of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head), is called _Al Phiratz_ (Arabic), _the -broken down_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the body) is called _Mirach_ (Hebrew), _the -weak_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left foot) is called _Al Maach_, or _Al Amak_ -(Arabic), _struck down_. - -The names of other stars, not identified, are _Adhil_, _the afflicted_; -_Mizar_, _the weak_; _Al Mara_ (Arabic), _the afflicted_. ARATUS speaks of -_Desma_, which means _the bound_, and says-- - - - "Her feet point to her bridegroom - _Perseus_, on whose shoulder they rest." - - -Thus, with one voice, the stars of _Andromeda_ speak to us of the captive -daughter of Zion. And her coming Deliverer thus addresses her:-- - - - "O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, - Behold, ... in righteousness shalt thou be established: - Thou shalt be far from oppression; for thou shalt not fear: - And from terror; for it shall not come nigh thee." - - (Isa. liv. 11-14.) - - "Hear now this, thou afflicted.... - Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; - Put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem.... - Shake thyself from the dust; - Arise, and sit down, O Jerusalem: - Loose thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of - Zion. - For thus saith the LORD, Ye have sold yourselves for nought; - And ye shall be redeemed without money." - - (Isa. li. 21-lii. 3.) - - -"The virgin daughter of My people is broken with a great breach, with a -very grievous blow" (Jer. xiv. 17). - -The picture which sets forth her deliverance is reserved for the next -chapter (or Sign), where it comes in its proper place and order. We are -first shown her glorious Deliverer; for we never, in the heavens or in the -Word, have a reference to the sufferings without an _immediate_ reference -to the glory. - - - -3. CEPHEUS (The King). - - - _Their Redeemer Coming to Rule._ - -Here we have the presentation of a glorious king, crowned, and enthroned -in the highest heaven, with a sceptre in his hand, and his foot planted on -the very Polar Star itself. - -His name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Pe-ku-hor_, which means _this one -cometh to rule_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 23: CEPHEUS (the Crowned King) - - -The Greek name by which he is now known, _Cepheus_, is from the Hebrew, -and means _the branch_, and is called by EURIPIDES _the king_. - -An old Ethiopian name was _Hyk_, _a king_. - -There are 35 stars, _viz._, three of the 3rd magnitude, seven of the 4th, -etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left shoulder), is called _Al Deramin_, -which means _coming quickly_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the girdle), is named _Al -Phirk_ (Arabic), _the Redeemer_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left knee), is called -_Al Rai_, which means _who bruises_ or _breaks_. - -It is impossible to mistake the truth which these names teach. The Greeks, -though they had lost it, yet preserved a trace of it, even in their -perversion of it; for they held that _Cepheus_ was the father of -_Andromeda_, and that _Perseus_ was her husband. - -Yes; this is the glorious King of Israel, the "King of kings, and Lord of -lords." It is He who calls Israel His "son," and will yet manifest it to -all the world. - -In Jer. xxxi., after speaking of Israel's restoration, Jehovah says (_v._ -1):-- - - - "At the same time, saith the LORD, will I be the God of all the - families of Israel, - And they shall be My people.... - For I am a father to Israel, - And Ephraim is My firstborn" - - (_v._ 9). - - -As He said to Moses: "Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my -firstborn" (Exod. iv. 22). - -Here is the foundation of Israel's blessing. True, it is now in abeyance, -but "the LORD reigneth," and will in due time make good His Word, for - - - "The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever. - The thoughts of His heart to all generations." - - (Ps. xxxiii. 11.) - - -This leads us up to the last chapter of the Second Book, which shows us -the fulfilment of all the prophecies concerning the Redeemed and the sure -foundation on which their great hope of glory is based. - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign ARIES (The Ram or Lamb). - - - _The Blessings of the Redeemed Consummated and Enjoyed._ - -This Second Book began with _the Goat_ dying in sacrifice, and it ends -with the Lamb living again, "as it had been slain." The goat had the tail -of a fish, indicating that his death was for a _multitude_ of the -redeemed. In the two middle Signs we have had these fishes presented to us -in grace, and in their conflict. We come now to the last chapter of the -book: and, as we have seen, like each of the other books, it ends up with -victory and triumph. Here we are first shown the foundation on which that -victory rests, namely, Atonement. Hence we are taken back and reminded of -the "blood of the Lamb." - -This is pictured by a ram, or lamb, full of vigour and life; not falling -in death as _Capricornus_ is. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 24: ARIES (the Ram) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac its name is _Tametouris Ammon_, which means _the -reign_, _dominion_, or _government of Ammon_. The lamb's head is without -horns, and is crowned with a circle. - -The Hebrew name is _Taleh_, _the lamb_. The Arabic name is _Al Hamal_, -_the sheep_, _gentle_, _merciful_. This name has been mistakenly given by -some to the principal star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}. The Syriac name is _Amroo_, as in the -Syriac New Testament in John i. 29: "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh -away the sin of the world." The ancient Akkadian name was _Bara-ziggar_. -_Bar_ means _altar_, or _sacrifice_; and _ziggar_ means _right making_; so -that the full name would be _the sacrifice of righteousness_. - -There are 66 stars in this sign, one being of the 2nd magnitude, two of -the 4th, etc. - -Its chief star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the forehead), is named _El Nath_,(54) or _El -Natik_, which means _wounded_, _slain_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left horn), is -called _Al Sheratan_, _the bruised_, _the wounded_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (near to -{~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}), is called _Mesartim_ (Hebrew), _the bound_. - -How is it there is no conflicting voice? How is it that all the stars -unite in one harmonious voice in testifying of the Lamb of God, slain, and -bruised, but yet living for evermore, singing together, "Worthy is the -Lamb that was slain to receive power and riches, and wisdom, and strength, -and honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v. 12)? - -This rejoicing connected with the Lamb shines faintly through the heathen -perversions and myths: for HERODOTUS tells us how the ancient Egyptians, -once a year, when it opened by the entrance of the sun into ARIES,(55) -slew a Ram, at the festival of Jupiter Ammon; branches were placed over -the doors, the Ram was garlanded with wreaths of flowers and carried in -procession. Now the sun entered ARIES on the 14th of the Jewish month -Nisan, and _another lamb_ was then ordered to be slain, even "the LORD'S -passover"--the type of that Lamb that should in the fulness of time be -offered without blemish and without spot. Owing to the precession of the -equinoxes, the sun, at the time of the Exodus, had receded into this sign -of ARIES, which then marked the Spring Equinox. But by the time that the -antitype--the Lamb of God, was slain, the sun had still further receded, -and on the 14th of Nisan, in the year of the Crucifixion, stood at the -very spot marked by the stars {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _El Nath_, _the pierced_, _the wounded_ -or _slain_, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, _Al Sheratan_, _the bruised_ _or wounded_! God so -ordained "the times and seasons" that during that noon-day darkness the -sun was seen near those stars which had spoken for so many centuries of -this bruising of the woman's Seed--the Lamb of God. - -Was this design? or was it chance? It is far easier to believe the former. -It makes a smaller demand upon our faith; yes, we are compelled to believe -that He who created the sun and the stars "for signs and for cycles," -ordained also the times and the seasons, and it is He who tells us that -"WHEN THE FULNESS OF TIME WAS COME, God sent forth His Son" (Gal. iv. 4), -and that "in due time Christ died for the ungodly" (Rom. v. 6). - - - -1. CASSIOPEIA (The Enthroned Woman). - - - _The Captive Delivered, and Preparing for her Husband, the Redeemer._ - -In the last chapter we saw the _woman bound_; here we see the same woman -freed, delivered, and enthroned. - -ULUGH BEY says its Arabic name is _El Seder_, which means _the freed_. - -In the Denderah Zodiac her name is _Set_, which means _set_, _set up as -Queen_. ALBUMAZER says this constellation was anciently called "_the -daughter of splendour_." This appears to be the meaning of the word -_Cassiopeia_, _the enthroned_, _the beautiful_. The Arabic name is -_Ruchba_, _the enthroned_. This is also the meaning of its Chaldee name, -_Dat al cursa_. - -There are 55 stars in this constellation, of which five are of the 3rd -magnitude, five of the 4th, etc. - -This beautiful constellation passes vertically over Great Britain every -day, and is easily distinguished by its five brightest stars, forming an -irregular W. - - [Illustration] - - Illustration showing the W of Cassiopeia - - -This brilliant constellation contains one binary star, a triple star, a -double star, a quadruple star, and a large number of nebul. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 25: CASSIOPEIA (the Enthroned Woman) - - -In the year 1572 Tycho Brahe discovered in this constellation, and very -near the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (under the arm of the chair), a new star, which shone more -brightly than Venus. It was observed for nearly two years, and disappeared -entirely in 1574. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left breast), is named _Schedir_ (Hebrew), -which means _the freed_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the top of the chair), likewise -bears a Hebrew name--_Caph_, which means _the branch_; it is evidently -given on account of the branch of victory which she bears in her hand. - -She is indeed highly exalted, and making herself ready. Her hands, no -longer bound, are engaged in this happy work. With her right hand she is -arranging her robes, while with her left she is adorning her hair. She is -seated upon the Arctic circle, and close by the side of _Cepheus_, the -King. - -This is "the Bride, the Lamb's wife, the heavenly city, the new -Jerusalem," the "partakers of the heavenly calling." - -He who has redeemed her is "the Lamb that was slain," and He addresses her -thus: - - - "Thy Maker is thine husband; - The LORD of Hosts is His name; - And the Holy One of Israel is thy Redeemer; - The God of the whole earth shall He be called. - For the LORD hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in - spirit, - Even a wife of youth when she is cast off, saith thy God. - For a small moment have I forsaken thee; - But with great mercies will I gather thee. - In overflowing wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; - But with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the - LORD thy Redeemer." - - (Isa. liv. 5-8. R.V.) - - "Thou shalt be a crown of beauty in the hand of the LORD, - And a royal diadem in the hand of thy God, - Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; - Neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate; - But thou shalt be called Hephzi-bah (_i.e._, _my delight is in - her_), - And thy land Beulah (_i.e._, _married_); - For the LORD delighteth in thee, - And thy land shall be married. - For as a young man marrieth a virgin, - So shall thy sons (_Heb._ thy Restorer) marry thee: - And as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, - "So shall thy God rejoice over thee. - - (Isa. lxii. 3-5, R.V.) - - "The LORD hath appeared of old (or from afar) unto me, _saying_, - Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love; - Therefore with loving kindness have I drawn thee. - Again will I build thee, and thou shalt be built, O Virgin of - Israel.... - He that scattered Israel will gather him, - And keep him as a shepherd doth his flock, - For the LORD hath ransomed Jacob, - And redeemed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he." - - (Jer. xxxi. 3-12, R.V.) - - -Can we close our eyes to the testimony of these scriptures--that Israel is -the Bride of the Lamb? When we have all these, and more, why should we -read "the Church" into these ancient prophecies, which was the subject of -a long-subsequent revelation, merely because (in Eph. v. 25) Christ's love -to His Church is _compared_ to a husband's love for his wife? "Husbands, -love your wives, even AS Christ also loved the Church." There is not a -word here about the Church being His wife. On the contrary, it reveals the -secret that the Church of Christ is to be the mystical "Body of Christ," -_part of the Husband_ in fact, "One new man" (Eph. ii. 15)! whereas -restored Israel is to be the Bride of this "New Man," the Bride of Christ, -the Lamb's wife! Blessed indeed it is to be united to Christ as a wife to -a husband, but glorious beyond all description to be "one" with Christ -Himself, part of His mystical Body. - -If men had only realised the wondrous glory of this mystery, they would -never have so _wrongly_ divided the Word of Truth by _interpreting_ Psalm -xlv. of this Mystical Christ. If we "rightly divide" it, we see at once -that this Psalm is in harmony with all the Old Testament scriptures, which -must be interpreted alike, and can be interpreted only of Israel however -they may be _applied_. - -Having spoken of the Godhead and glory of this King (faintly and in part -foreshown by _Cepheus_), the Holy Spirit goes on in the latter part of the -Psalm to speak of the Bride--the Queen: - - - "At Thy right hand doth stand the Queen in gold of Ophir, - Hearken, O daughter, and consider, incline thine ear; - Forget also thine own people, and thy father's house; - So shall the King desire thy beauty;(56) - For He is thy Lord; and worship thou Him.... - The King's daughter within _the palace_ is all glorious; - Her clothing is inwrought with gold, - She shall be led unto the King in broidered work; - The virgins her companions(57) that follow her shall be brought - unto thee," etc. - - (Ps. xlv. 9-17, R.V.) - - -Then shall she sing her Magnificat: - - - "I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, - My soul shall be joyful in my God; - For He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, - He hath covered me with the robe of righteousness, - As a bridegroom decketh _himself_ with ornaments, - And as a bride adorneth _herself_ with her jewels. - For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, - And as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring - forth; - So the Lord GOD [Adonai Jehovah] will cause righteousness and - praise to spring forth before all the nations." - - (Isa. lxi. 10, 11.) - - -This, then, is the truth set forth by this enthroned woman. The blessing -founded on Atonement, and the Redemption wrought by the Lamb that was -slain, result in a glorious answer to Israel's prayer, "Turn our -captivity, O LORD" (Ps. cxxvi. 4): when they that have "sown in tears -shall reap in joy," and the LORD shall loosen her bonds, and place her -enthroned by His side. - -This, however, involves the destruction of her enemy, and this is what we -see in the next section. - - - -2. CETUS (The Sea Monster). - - - _The Great Enemy Bound._ - -When John sees the New Jerusalem, the Bride, the Lamb's wife (Rev. xxi. -10, 2), Satan has been bound already: for we read, a few verses before -(xx. 1-3): "I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the -bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. And he laid hold of the -dragon, that Old Serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him -[_and kept him bound_] a thousand years, and cast him into the bottomless -pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the -nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled." - -This is what we see in the second section of this chapter--the second -constellation in ARIES. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 26: CETUS (the Sea Monster) - - -The picture is that of a great Sea-monster, the largest of all the -constellations. It is the natural enemy of fishes, hence it is placed here -in connection with this last chapter, in which fishes are so prominent. - -It is situated very low down among the constellations--far away towards the -south or lower regions of the sky. - -Its name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Knem_, which means _subdued_. It is -pictured as a monstrous head, trodden under foot by the swine, the natural -enemy of the serpent. The hawk also (another enemy of the serpent) is over -this figure, crowned with a mortar, denoting _bruising_. - -It consists of 97 stars, of which two are of the 2nd magnitude, eight of -the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. - -The names of the stars interpret for us infallibly the meaning of the -picture. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the upper mandible), is named _Menkar_, and -means _the bound_ or _chained enemy_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the tail), is called -_Diphda_, or _Deneb Kaitos_, _overthrown_, or _thrust down_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~} -(in the neck) is named _Mira_, which means _THE REBEL_. Its name is -ominous, for the star is one of the most remarkable. It is very bright, -but it was not till 1596 that it was discovered to be _variable_. It -disappears periodically _seven_ times in _six_ years! It continues at its -brightest for fifteen days together. M. Bade says that during 334 days it -shines with its greatest light, then it diminishes, till it entirely -disappears for some time (to the naked eye). In fact, during that period -it passes through several degrees of magnitude, both increasing and -diminishing. Indeed its variableness is so great as to make it appear -_unsteady_! - -Here, then, is the picture of the Great Rebel as shown in the heavens. -What is it, as written in the Word? - -The Almighty asks man:-- - - - "Canst thou draw out Leviathan with a fish hook? - Or press down his tongue with a cord? - Canst thou put a rope into his nose? - Or pierce his jaw through with a hook?... - Shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him? - None is so fierce that he dare stir him up." - - (Job xli. 1-10, R.V.) - - -But he whom man cannot bind can be bound by the Lamb, and He is seen with -"the Band" that has bound the fishes, now in His hands, which he has -fastened with a bright star to his neck, saying,-- - - - "Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, - Even the dregs of the cup of My fury; - Thou shalt no more drink it again, - But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee." - - (Isa. li. 22, 23.) - - "Behold, the LORD cometh forth out of His place - To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity.... - In that day the LORD, with His sore, and great, and strong sword, - Shall punish Leviathan, the piercing serpent, - And Leviathan, the crooked serpent; - And He shall slay the dragon that is in the sea." - - (Isa. xxvi. 21-xxvii. 1.) - - "For God is my king of old, - Working salvation in the midst of the earth. - Thou didst divide (marg. _Heb._, _break_) the sea by Thy strength, - Thou brakest the heads of the dragons (R.V. marg., _sea monsters_) - in the waters. - Thou brakest the heads of Leviathan in pieces." - - (Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.) - - -And this Second Book closes by revealing to us this glorious "Breaker." - - - -3. PERSEUS ("The Breaker.") - - - _"__The Breaker__"__ delivering His Redeemed._ - -Here we have set before us a mighty man, called in the Hebrew _Peretz_, -from which we have the Greek form _Perses_, or _Perseus_ (Rom. xvi. 13). -It is the same word which is used of Christ in Micah ii. 13. When He shall -surely "gather the remnant of Israel" (_v._ 12), it is written-- - - - "THE BREAKER is gone up before them.... - Their King is passed on before them, - And the LORD at the head of them." - - -This is what is pictured to us here. We see a glorious "Breaker" taking -His place before His redeemed, breaking forth at their head, breaking down -all barriers, and breaking the heads of Leviathan and all his hosts. In -His right hand He has His "sore, and great, and strong sword" lifted up to -smite and break down the enemy. He has wings on His feet, which tell us -that He is coming very swiftly. In His left hand He carries the head of -the enemy, whom he has slain. - -In the Denderah Zodiac His name is _Kar Knem_, _he who fights and -subdues_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 27: PERSEUS (the Breaker) - - -It is a beautiful constellation of 59 stars, two of which are of the 2nd -magnitude, four of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -Their names supply us with the key to the interpretation of the picture. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the waist) is called _Mirfak_, _who helps_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in -the right shoulder), is named _Al Genib_, which means _who carries away_. -The bright star in the left foot is called _Athik_, _who breaks_! - -In his left hand he carries a head, which, by perversion, the Greeks -called the head of Medusa, being ignorant that its Hebrew root meant _the -trodden under foot_.(58) It is also called _Rosh Satan_ (Hebrew), _the -head of the adversary_, and _Al Oneh_ (Arabic), _the subdued_, or _Al -Ghoul_, _the evil spirit_. - -The bright star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in this head), has come down to us with the name _Al -Gol_, which means _rolling round_. - -It is a most remarkable phenomenon that so many of these enemies should be -characterised by variable stars! But this head of _Medusa_, like the neck -of _Cetus_, has one. _Al Gol_ is continually changing. In about 69 hours -it changes from the 4th magnitude to the 2nd. During four hours of this -period it gradually diminishes in brightness, which it recovers in the -succeeding four hours; and in the remaining part of the time invariably -preserves its greatest lustre. After the expiration of this time its -brightness begins to decrease again. Fit emblem of our great enemy, who, -"like a _roaring lion_, goeth about seeking whom he may devour" (1 Pet. v. -8.); then changing into a _subtle serpent_ (Gen. iii. 8.); then changing -again into "an angel of light" (2 Cor. xi. 14.). "Transforming himself" -continually, to devour, deceive, and destroy. - -This brings us to the conclusion of the Second Book, in which we have seen -the Redeemed blessed with all blessings, delivered out of all conflict, -saved from all enemies. We have seen their Redeemer, "the Lamb slain from -the foundation of the world," "the Conqueror," "the King of Kings and Lord -of Lords." - -This is the Revelation recorded in the heavens. This is the prophetic -testimony inspired in the Book. And this is the heart-cry prompted by -both:-- - - - "Come, Lord, and tarry not, - Bring the long-looked-for day; - Oh, why these years of waiting here, - These ages of delay? - - Come, for Thy saints still wait; - Daily ascends their cry: - 'The Spirit and the Bride say, Come'; - Dost Thou not hear their cry? - - Come, for creation groans, - Impatient of Thy stay; - Worn out with these long years of ill, - These ages of delay. - - Come, for Thine Israel pines, - An exile from Thy fold; - Oh, call to mind Thy faithful word, - And bless them as of old. - - Come, for Thy foes are strong; - With taunting lips they say, - 'Where is the promised advent now, - And where the dreaded day?' - - Come, for the good are few; - They lift the voice in vain; - Faith waxes fainter on the earth, - And love is on the wane. - - Come, in Thy glorious might; - Come, with Thine iron rod; - Disperse Thy foes before Thy face, - Most mighty Son of God. - - Come, and make all things new, - Build up this ruined earth; - Restore our faded paradise, - Creation's second birth. - - Come, and begin Thy reign - Of everlasting peace; - Come, take the kingdom to Thyself, - Great King of Righteousness." - - _Dr. Horatius Bonar._ - - - - - -THE THIRD BOOK. THE REDEEMER. - - - HIS SECOND COMING. - -In this Third and Last Book we come to the concluding portion of this -Heavenly Revelation. Its subject is Redemption completed, and consummated -in triumph. No more sorrow, suffering, or conflict; no more the bruising -of the heel of the Redeemer. We have now done with the prophecies of "the -sufferings of Christ," and have come to those that relate to "the glory -that should follow." - -No more reference now to His _first_ coming in humiliation. No more coming -"forth" to suffer and die, a sacrifice for sins; the reference now is only -to His second coming in glory; His coming "unto" this earth is not to -suffer for sin (Heb. ix. 28.), but it will be a coming in power to judge -the earth in righteousness, and to subdue all enemies under His feet. - -Like the other two books, it consists of four chapters. - -The _first_ chapter is the prophecy of the coming Judge of all the earth. - -The _second_ sets before us the two-fold nature of the coming Ruler. - -The _third_ shows us Messiah's redeemed possessions--the Redeemed brought -safely home, all conflict over. - -The _fourth_ describes Messiah's consummated triumph. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign TAURUS (The Bull). - - - _Messiah, the coming Judge of all the Earth._ - -The picture is that of a Bull rushing forward with mighty energy and -fierce wrath, his horns set so as to push his enemies, and pierce them -through and destroy them. - -It is a prophecy of Christ, the coming Judge, and Ruler, and "Lord of all -the earth." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 28: TAURUS (the Bull) - - -The Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah already, 4,000 years ago, had forgotten -the truth to which the prophecy had referred, and called him _Isis_, -_i.e._, _who saves or delivers_, and _Apis_, _i.e._, _the head or chief_. -The Bull is clearly represented, and in all the zodiacs which have come -down to us is always in the _act of pushing_, or _rushing_. - -The name of the sign in Chaldee is {~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Tor_. Hence, Arabic, _Al -Thaur_; Greek, _Tauros_; Latin, _Taurus_, etc. The more common Hebrew name -was {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Shur_, which is from a root which means both _coming_ and -_ruling_. There are several Hebrew words for bulls and oxen, etc. But the -common poetical term for all is {~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}, _Reem_, conveying the idea of -loftiness, exaltation, power, and pre-eminence. We find the root in other -kindred languages (Etruscan, Sanscrit, etc.), and it can be traced in the -name of Abram, which means _pre-eminent_ or _high father_; _Ramah_, _high -place_, etc. - -The stars in Taurus present a brilliant sight. There are at least 141 -stars, besides two important groups of stars, which both form integral -parts of the sign. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the bull's eye), has a Chaldee name--_Al -Debaran_, and means _the leader_ or _governor_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (at the tip of -the left horn) has an Arabic name--_El Nath_, meaning _wounded_ or _slain_. -Another prophetic intimation that this coming Lord should be first slain -as a sacrifice. - -Then there is the cluster of stars known as the _Pleiades_. This word, -which means _the congregation of the judge_ or _ruler_, comes to us -through the Greek Septuagint as the translation of the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, -_Chima_, which means _the heap_ or _accumulation_, and occurs in Job ix. -9; xxxviii. 31, 32, and Amos v. 8. - -It consists of a number of stars (in the neck of Taurus) which appear to -be near together. The brightest of them, marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} in all the maps,(59) has -come down to us with an Arabic name--_Al Cyone_, which means _the centre_, -and has given the idea to some astronomers that it is the centre of the -whole universe. The Syriac name for the Pleiades is _Succoth_, which means -_booths_. - -Another group of stars (on the face of the Bull) is known as _The -Hyades_,(60) which has the similar meaning of _the congregated_. - -Other stars, not identified, are named _Palilicium_ (Hebrew), _belonging -to the judge_; _Wasat_ (Arabic), _centre_ or _foundation_; _Al Thuraiya_ -(Arabic), _the abundance_; _Vergili_ (Latin), _the centre_ (Arabic, -_vertex_) _turned on_, _rolled round_. - -Every thing points to the important truth, and all _turns_ on the fact -that the Lord is COMING TO RULE! This is the central truth of all -prophecy. "The testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy." All hope for -Creation, all hope for the world, all hope for Israel, all hope for the -Church, turns on this, that "Jesus is coming again," and that when He -comes His saints, "the daughters of the King" (like the Pleiades and -Hyades), will be with Him. - -There is nothing of "the Church" revealed here. The Church will be caught -up to meet the Lord in the air, to be for ever with the Lord (1 Thess. iv. -17) _before_ He thus _comes unto_ the world in judgment. He will _come -forth_ to receive the members of His Body unto Himself, before He thus -comes with them to destroy all His enemies and "judge (or rule) the world -in righteousness." When we read this Sign of Taurus, therefore, we are to -understand that His Church will be _with_ Him, safe from all judgment. - -There is very much in the Scripture of the Book, (as there is in the -prophecies in the heavens) about the coming of the Lord in judgment; and -about this time of His indignation. For Enoch, who doubtless was used in -arranging these prophetic _signs_, uttered the prophetic _words_, "Behold -the Lord cometh with ten thousands of His saints to execute judgment upon -all and to convict all that are ungodly" (Jude 14, 15). - -We have said (pages 17, etc.) that at a very early period these signs were -appropriated to the Twelve Tribes of Israel, and borne upon their -"standards." This may be traced in the Blessing of Jacob (Gen. xlix.), and -in the Blessing of Moses (Deut. xxxiii.). Taurus was assigned to Joseph, -or rather to his two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, like the two powerful -horns: - - - "The firstling of his bullock (marg. _his firstling - bullock_)--majesty is his, - And his horns are the horns of the wild-ox (_Reem_). - With them he shall PUSH (marg. _gore_) the peoples, all of them, - even the ends of the earth. - And they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, - And they are the thousands of Manasseh." - - (Deut. xxxiii, 17, R.V.) - - -It is not, however, merely by men alone that this will be done, for David -sings: - - - "Thou art my King, O GOD.... - Through Thee will we PUSH down our enemies; - Through Thy Name will we tread them under that rise up against - us." - - (Ps. xliv. 5.) - - "I will punish the world for their evil, - And the wicked for their iniquity; - I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, - And will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.... - Every one that is found shall be THRUST THROUGH." - - (Isa. xiii. 11-15.) - - -Speaking of that day, the Holy Spirit says by Isaiah: - - - For the LORD hath indignation against all the nations," - And fury against all their host: - He hath utterly destroyed them, - He hath delivered them to the slaughter.... - The LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, - And a great slaughter in the land of Edom, - And the wild oxen [_Reem_] shall come down with them, - And the bullocks with the bulls; - And their land shall be drunken with blood, - And their dust made fat with fatness. - For it is the day of the LORD'S vengeance, - The year of recompense in the controversy of Zion." - - (Isa. xxxiv. 2-8, R.V.) - - "Behold, the LORD cometh forth out of His place - To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: - The earth also shall disclose her blood, - And shall no more cover her slain." - - (Isa. xxvi. 21.) - - -This is the united testimony of the two Revelations. It is pictured in the -heavens, and it is written in the Book. It is the prophecy of a coming -Judge, and of a coming judgment. - -It is, however, no mere _Bull_ that is coming. It is a man, a glorious -man, even "the Son of Man." This is the first development, shown in the -first of the three constellations belonging to the sign. - - - -1. ORION (The Coming Prince). - - - _Light Breaking Forth in the Redeemer._ - - [Illustration] - - Plate 29: ORION (the Glorious One) - - -This picture is to show that the coming one is no mere animal, but a man: -a mighty, triumphant, glorious prince. - -He is so pictured in the ancient Denderah Zodiac, where we see a man -coming forth pointing to the three bright stars (_Rigel_, _Bellatrix_, and -_Betelguez_) as his. His name is given as _Ha-ga-t_, which means _this is -he who triumphs_. The hieroglyphic characters below read _Oar_. Orion was -anciently spelt _Oarion_, from the Hebrew root, which means _light_. So -that Orion means _coming forth as light_. The ancient Akkadian was _Ur- -ana_, _the light of heaven_. - -Orion is the most brilliant of all the constellations, and when he comes -to the meridian he is accompanied by several adjacent constellations of -great splendour. There is then above the horizon the most glorious view of -the celestial bodies that the starry firmament affords; and this -magnificent view is visible to all the habitable world, because the -equinoctial line (or solstitial colure) passes nearly through the middle -of Orion. - -ARATUS thus sings of him:-- - - - "Eastward, beyond the region of the Bull, - Stands great Orion. And who, when night is clear, - Beholds him gleaming bright, shall cast his eyes in vain - To find a Sign more glorious in all heaven." - - -The constellation is mentioned by name, as being perfectly well known both -by name and appearance, in the time of Job; and as being an object of -familiar knowledge at that early period of the world's history. See Job -ix. 9; xxxviii. 31, and Amos v. 8 (Heb. {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _Chesil_, which means _a -strong one_, _a hero_, or _giant_). - -It contains 78 stars, two being of the 1st magnitude, four of the 2nd, -four of the 3rd, sixteen of the 4th, etc. - -A little way below {~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~} (in the sword) is a very remarkable nebulous star. A -common telescope will show that it is a beautiful nebula. A powerful -telescope reveals it as consisting of collections of nebulous stars, these -again being surrounded by faint luminous points, which still more powerful -telescopes would resolve into separate stars. - -Thus beautifully is set forth the brilliancy and glory of that _Light_ -which shall break forth when the moment comes for it to be said, "Arise, -shine, for thy light is come." - -The picture presents us with "the Light of the world." His left foot is -significantly placed upon the head of the enemy. He is girded with a -glorious girdle, studded with three brilliant stars; and upon this girdle -is hung a sharp sword. Its handle proves that this mighty Prince is come -forth in a new character. He is again proved to be "the Lamb that was -slain," for the hilt of this sword is in the form of the head and body of -a lamb. In his right hand he lifts on high his mighty club; while in his -left he holds forth the token of his victory--the head and skin of the -"roaring lion." We ask in wonder, "Who is this?"(61) and the names of the -stars give us the answer. - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the right shoulder), is named _Betelgeuz_, which -means _the coming_ (Mal. iii. 2) _of the branch_. - -The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left foot), is named _Rigel_, or _Rigol_, which means -_the foot that crusheth_. The foot is lifted up, and placed immediately -over the head of the enemy, as though in the very act of crushing it. -Thus, the name of the star bespeaks the act. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left shoulder), is called _Bellatrix_, which -means _quickly coming_, or _swiftly destroying_. - -The name of the fourth star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (one of the three in the belt), carries us -back to the old, old story, that this glorious One was once humbled; that -His heel was once bruised. Its name is _Al Nitak_, _the wounded One_.(62) -Similarly the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (in the right leg) is called _Saiph_, _bruised_, -which is the very word used in Gen. iii. 15, thus connecting Orion with -the primeval prophecy. Like Ophiuchus, he has one leg _bruised_; while, -with the other, he is _crushing_ the enemy under foot. - -This is betokened by other stars, not identified, named _Al Rai_, _who -bruises_, _who breaks_ (as in _Cepheus_); and _Thabit_ (Hebrew), _treading -on_. - -Other (Arabic) names relate to His Person: _Al Giauz_, _the branch_; _Al -Gebor_, _the mighty_; _Al Mirzam_, _the ruler_; _Al Nagjed_, _the prince_; -_Niphla_ (Chaldee), _the mighty_; _Nux_ (Hebrew), _the strong_. - -Some names relate to His coming, as _Betelgeuse_ and _Bellatrix_, as -above; _Heka_ (Chaldee), _coming_; and _Meissa_ (Hebrew), _coming forth_. - -Such is the cumulative testimony of Orion's stars, which, day after day, -and night after night, show forth this knowledge. That testimony was -afterwards written in the Book. The Prince of Glory, who was once wounded -for the sins of His redeemed, is about to rise up and shine forth for -their deliverance. Their redemption draweth nigh; for-- - - - "The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, - He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war; - He shall cry, yea, roar; - He shall prevail against His enemies. - I have [_He says_] long time holden my peace; - I have been still, and refrained myself: - Now will I cry like a travailing woman; - I will destroy and devour at once." - - (Isa. xlii. 13, 14.) - - -Then it will be said to His people (and the setting of the prophecy in its -beautiful introverted structure shows us the beauty and glory of the truth -it reveals):(63) - - - a | _Arise_, - b | Shine; for _thy light_ is come, - c | And _the glory of the _LORD is risen upon thee. - d | For, behold, the _darkness_ shall cover the earth, - _d_ | And gross _darkness_ the people; - _c_ | But _the _LORD shall arise upon thee, and _His - glory_ shall be seen upon thee. - _b_ | And the Gentiles shall come to _thy light_, - _a_ | And kings to the brightness of thy _rising_. - - (Isa. lx. 1-3.) - - -This is "the glory of God" which the heavens constantly declare (Ps. xix. -1). They tell of that blessed time when the whole earth shall be filled -with His glory (Num. xiv. 21; Isa. xi. 9); when "the glory of the LORD -shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together" (Isa. xl. 5), as -all see now the beauty of Orion's glory. - -But side by side with the glory which the coming Light of the world shall -bring for His people, there is "that wicked," whom the Lord "shall destroy -with the brightness of His coming." Hence, as in the concluding chapter -(IV.) of the _First_ Book (of which this _Third_ Book is the expansion) we -had in LYRA (_the harp_), as 1, Praise prepared for the Conqueror; and -in ARA (_the burning pyre_), as 2, Consuming fire prepared for His -enemies: so in the _first_ chapter of this book, we have in ORION, as 1, -Glory prepared for the Conqueror; and in ERIDANUS, as 2, the River of -wrath prepared for His enemies. This brings us to-- - - - -2. ERIDANUS (The River of the Judge). - - - _The River of Wrath Breaking Forth for His Enemies._ - -It issues forth, in all the pictures, from the down-coming foot of Orion. -While others see in it, from the ignorance of fabled story, only "the -River Po," or the "River Euphrates," we see in it, from the meaning of its -name, and from the significance of its position, _the river of the Judge_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 30: ERIDANUS (the River) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac it is a river under the feet of Orion. It is named -_Peh-ta-t_, which means _the mouth of the river_. - -It is an immense constellation, and our diagram is on a smaller scale than -the others (which are all in relative proportion, except where otherwise -noted). - -According to the Britannic catalogue, it consists of 84 stars; one of the -1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, eight of the 3rd, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (at the mouth of the river), bears the ancient name -of _Achernar_, which is in, as its name means, _the after part of the -river_. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (at the source of the river), is named _Cursa_, which -means _bent down_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (at the second bend in the river), is -called _Zourac_ (Arabic), _flowing_. Other stars, not identified, are -_Pheat_, _mouth_ (of the river); and _Ozha_, _the going forth_. - -Here, then, we have a river flowing forth from before the glorious -_Orion_. It runs in a serpentine course towards the lower regions, down, -down, out of sight. In vain the sea monster, _Cetus_, strives to stop its -flow. It is "the river of the Judge," and speaks of that final judgment in -which the wicked will be cast into the lake of fire. It was evidently -originally associated with _fire_; for the Greek myths, though gross -perversions, still so connect it. According to their fables, something -went wrong with the chariot of the sun, and a universal conflagration was -threatened. In the trouble, _Phaeton_ (probably a reference to the star -_Pheat_) was killed and hurled into this river, in which he was consumed -with its fire. The whole earth suffered from such a burning heat that -great disasters ensued. We see from this myth two great facts preserved in -the perverted tradition, _viz._, _judgment_ and _fire_. - -ARATUS also preserves the connection,-- - - - "For yonder, trod by heavenly feet, - Wind the scorched waters of Eridanus' tear-swollen flood, - Welling beneath Orion's uplifted foot." - - -Is not this the testimony afterwards written in _the Book_? Daniel sees -this very river in his vision of that coming day, when the true Orion -shall come forth in His glory. He says, "I beheld till the thrones were -placed, and one that was ancient of days did sit:... His throne was fiery -flames, and the wheels thereof burning fire. A FIERY STREAM ISSUED AND -CAME FORTH FROM BEFORE HIM." This is _the River of the Judge_; for he goes -on to say, "the judgment was set, and the books were opened" (Dan. vii. -9-11, R.V.). - -We have the same in Ps. xcvii. 3-5 (R.V.), which describes the scene when -the Lord shall reign: - - - "A FIRE GOETH BEFORE HIM, - And burneth up His adversaries round about. - His lightnings lightened the world: - The earth saw and trembled, - The hills melted like wax at the presence of the LORD, - At the presence of the Lord of the whole earth." - - -So again in Ps. l. 3, we read: - - - "Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence, - A FIRE SHALL DEVOUR BEFORE HIM, - And it shall be very tempestuous round about Him." - - -By Habakkuk the coming of the Lord is described; and it is written: - - - "His brightness was as the light, ... - Before Him went the pestilence, - And burning coals went forth at His feet." - - (Hab. iii. 5.) - - -What is this but _Orion_ and _Eridanus_! - -Again, it is written in Isaiah xxx. 27-33 (R.V.): - - - "Behold, the name of the LORD cometh from far, - Burning with His anger, and in thick rising smoke: - His lips are full of indignation, - And His tongue is as a DEVOURING FIRE: - And His breath is as AN OVERFLOWING STREAM [_of fire_].... - For a Topheth is prepared of old; - Yea, for the king [_Moloch_] it is made ready; - He hath made it deep and large; - The pile thereof is FIRE and much wood; - The breath of the LORD, LIKE A STREAM OF BRIMSTONE, doth kindle - it." - - -So, again, we read in Nahum i. 5, 6: - - - "The mountains quake at Him, - And the hills melt; - And the earth is burned up at His presence, - Yea, the world and all that dwell therein. - Who can stand before His indignation? - And who can abide in the fierceness of His anger? - His fury is POURED OUT LIKE FIRE." - - -In Isa. lxvi. 15, 16, we read: - - - "For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, - And with His chariots like a whirlwind, - To render His anger with fury, - And His rebuke with FLAMES OF FIRE, - For BY FIRE, and by His sword, will the LORD plead with all - flesh." - - -With this agree the New Testament scriptures, which speak of "the Day of -the Lord," "when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with His -mighty angels, IN FLAMING FIRE taking vengeance on them that know not God, -and that obey not the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ" (2 Thess. i. 7, 8). - -This is the true Eridanus. It is no mere "picture." It is a dread reality! -It is written in stars of fire, and words of truth, that men may heed the -solemn warning and "flee from the wrath to come"! - -But we ask, "Who may abide the day of His coming? and who shall stand when -He appeareth" (Mal. iii. 2)? "Who can stand before His indignation," when -"His fury is poured out like fire" (Nah. i. 6)? - -The answer is given in the next picture! - - - -3. AURIGA (The Shepherd). - - - _Safety for the Redeemed in the Day of Wrath._ - -Here is presented to us the answer to the question, "Who may abide the day -of His coming?" - - - "Behold, the Lord GOD (Adonai Jehovah) will come as a mighty one, - And His arm shall rule for Him: - Behold, His reward is with Him, - And His recompense before Him. - He shall feed His flock like a shepherd, - He shall gather the lambs in His arm, - And carry them in His bosom, - And shall gently lead those that give suck." - - (Isa. xl. 10, 11. R.V.) - - -This is exactly what is presented before us in this last section of the -chapter, which tells of the coming judgment. We have had the picture of a -mighty _Bull_ rushing forth; then the fiery river of _the Judge_; and now -we see _a Great Shepherd_. He is seated upon "the milky way," holding up -on his left shoulder a she goat. She clings to his neck, and is looking -down affrighted at the terrible on-rushing Bull. In his left hand he -supports two little kids, apparently just born, and bleating, and -trembling with fear. - -ARATUS says,-- - - - "She is both large and bright, but they--the kids-- - Shine somewhat feebly on _Auriga's_ wrist." - - -Is not this the Great Shepherd gathering the lambs in His arm? and -carrying them in His bosom? Is He not saying: - - - "I will save My flock, - And they shall no more be a prey." - - (Ezek. xxxiv. 22.) - - "And David my servant shall be king over them, - And they shall have one shepherd." - - (_ib._ xxxvii. 24.) - - "And they shall fear no more, - Nor be dismayed, - Neither shall they be lacking, saith the LORD." - - (Jer. xxiii. 4.) - - - [Illustration] - - Plate 31: AURIGA (the Shepherd) - - -AURIGA is from a Hebrew root which means _a shepherd_. It is a beautiful -constellation of 66 stars; one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, nine -of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body of the goat), points her out as the -prominent feature of the constellation, for its name _Alioth_ (Hebrew) -means _a she goat_. It is known by the modern Latin name _Capella_, which -has the same meaning. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the shepherd's right arm), is called _Menkilinon_, -and means the _band_, or _chain of the goats_, and points out the truth -that they are never more to be lost again, but to be bound, with the bands -of love, to the Shepherd for evermore. - -The name of another star is _Maaz_, which means _a flock of goats_. - -Can there be any mistake as to who this Shepherd is? for the bright star -in his right foot is called _El Nath_(64) (like another in ARIES), which -means _wounded_ or _slain_. This is He, then, who was once bruised or -wounded in the heel. He is "the GOOD Shepherd," who gave His life for the -sheep (John x. 11), but He was "the GREAT Shepherd" brought again from the -dead (Heb. xiii. 20); and is now the CHIEF Shepherd (1 Pet. v. 4) seen in -the day of His coming glory. Another star emphasises this truth, for it is -named _Aiyuk_, which also means _wounded_ in the foot.(65) - -The star marking the kids is called _Gedi_ (Hebrew), _kids_. - -In Latin, the word _Auriga_ means a _coachman_ or _charioteer_, the band -in his right hand being taken as his _reins_. But the incongruity of a -_charioteer_ carrying a she-goat, and nursing two little kids, never -struck them; nor did the fact that he has no chariot and no horses! When -man blunders in the things of God, he does it thoroughly! - -In the Zodiac of Denderah the same truth was revealed more than 4,000 -years ago; but the Man, instead of carrying the sheep, is carrying a -sceptre, and is called _Trun_, which means _sceptre_ or _power_. But this -is a strange sceptre, for at the top it has the head of a goat, and at the -bottom, below the hand that holds it, it ends in a cross! With the -Egyptians the cross was a sign of _life_. They knew nothing of "the death -of the cross." Here, then, we see _life_ and _salvation_ for the sheep of -His flock when He comes to reign and rule in judgment. The truth is -precisely the same, though the presentation of it is somewhat varied. - -The connected teaching of the two constellations, _Eridanus_ and _Auriga_, -is solemnly set forth in Mal. iv. 1-3 (R.V.): - - - "Behold, the day cometh, - It burneth as a furnace; - And all the proud, and all that work wickedness, shall be stubble: - And the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of - hosts, - That it shall leave them neither root nor branch. - BUT UNTO YOU that fear My name shall the Sun of Righteousness - arise with healing in His wings; - And ye shall go forth and gambol as calves of the stall. - And ye shall tread down the wicked; - For they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet - In the day that I do make (marg. _do this_), saith the LORD of - hosts." - - -In Psalm xxxvii. this day is repeatedly referred to, the day when "the -wicked shall be cut off"; and it concludes by summarizing the same great -truth (_vv._ 38-40, R.V.): - - - "As for transgressors, they shall be destroyed together; - The latter end of the wicked shall be cut off, - But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD: - He is their stronghold in the time of trouble, - And the LORD helpeth them, and rescueth them; - He rescueth them from the wicked and saveth them, - Because they have taken refuge in Him." - - -Oh, that all who read these pages may heed the solemn warning, and flee -for refuge to Him who now, in this day of grace, is crying, "Look unto me, -and be ye saved, O all ye ends of the earth" (Isa. xlv. 22). - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign GEMINI (The Twins). - - - _Messiah's Reign as Prince of Peace._ - -All the pictures of this sign are confused. The Greeks claimed to have -invented them, and they called them Apollo and Hercules. They are given in -our illustration. The Latins called the Castor and Pollux; and the name of -a vessel in which Paul sailed is so called in Acts xxviii. 11, {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}. - -The name in the ancient Denderah Zodiac is _Clusus_, or _Claustrum Hori_, -which means _the place of Him who cometh_. It is represented by two human -figures walking, or coming. The second appears to be a woman. The other -appears to be a man. It is a tailed figure, the tail signifying _He -cometh_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 32: GEMINI (the Twins) - - -The old Coptic name was _Pi-Mahi_, _the united_, as in brotherhood. Not -necessarily united by being born at the same time, but _united_ in one -fellowship or brotherhood. The Hebrew name is _Thaumim_, which means -_united_. The root is used in Exod. xxvi. 24: "They (the two boards) shall -be coupled together beneath." In the margin we read, "Heb. _twinned_" -(R.V. double). The Arabic _Al Tauman_ means the same. - -We need not trouble ourselves with the Grecian myths, even though we can -see through them the original and ancient truth. The two were both heroes -of peculiar and extraordinary birth--sons of Jupiter. They were supposed to -appear at the head of armies; and as they had cleared the seas of pirates, -they were looked upon as the patron saints of navigation. (Hence the name -of the ship in Acts xxviii. 11.) They were held in high esteem both by -Greeks and Romans; and the common practice of taking oaths and of swearing -by their names has descended even to our own day in the still surviving -vulgar habit of swearing "By Gemini!" - -The more ancient star-names help us to see through all these and many -other myths, and to discern Him of whom they testify; even Him in His -twofold nature--God and Man--and His twofold work of suffering and glory, -and His twofold coming in humiliation and in triumph. - -There are 85 stars in the sign: two of the 2nd magnitude, four of the 3rd, -six of the 4th, etc. - -The name of {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head of the one at our right hand) is called -_Apollo_, which means _ruler_, or _judge_; while {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head of the -other) is called _Hercules_, _who cometh to labour_, or _suffer_. Another -star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in his left foot), is called _Al Henah_, which means _hurt_, -_wounded_, or _afflicted_. Can we have a doubt as to what is the meaning -of this double presentation? In _Ophiuchus_ we have the two in one person: -the crushed enemy, and the wounded heel. But here the two great primeval -truths are presented in two persons; for He was "two persons in one God," -"God and man in one Christ." As man, suffering for our redemption; as God, -glorified for our complete salvation and final triumph. A star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -centre of his body), is called _Waset_, which means _set_, and tells of -Him who "set His face like a flint" to accomplish this mighty Herculean -work; and, when the time was come, "steadfastly set His face to go" to -complete it. - -He bears in his right hand (in some pictures) a palm branch. In the one -from which our illustration is taken, it is a club; but both the club of -this one and the bow of the other are _in repose_! These united ones are -neither in action nor are they preparing for action, but they are _at -rest_ and _in peace_ after victory won. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the knee of the -other, "Apollo") is called _Mebsuta_, which means _treading under feet_. -The names of other stars, which are not identified, have come down to us -with the same testimony. One is called _Propus_ (Hebrew), _the branch_, -_spreading_; another is called _Al Giauz_ (Arabic), _the palm branch_; -another is named _Al Dir_ (Arabic), _the seed_, or _branch_. - -The day has here come to fulfil the prophecies concerning Him who is "the -Branch," "the Branch of Jehovah," "the man whose name is the Branch." - - - "In that day shall the Branch of Jehovah be beautiful and - glorious; - And the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely - For them that are escaped of Israel." - - (Isa. iv. 2.) - - "Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, - And princes shall rule in judgment; - And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind." - - (Isa. xxxii. 1, 2.) - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, - And He shall reign as King and deal wisely, - And shall execute judgment and justice in the land. - In His days Judah shall be saved, - And Israel shall dwell safely: - And this is His name whereby He shall be called, - The LORD is our Righteousness." - - (Jer. xxiii. 5, 6, R.V.) - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will perform that good word which I have spoken - Concerning the house of Israel and concerning the house of Judah. - In those days, and at that time. - Will I cause a Branch of Righteousness to grow up unto David; - And He shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land." - - (Jer. xxxiii. 14, 15, R.V.) - - -This is what we see in this sign--Messiah's peaceful reign. All is rest and -repose. We see "His days," in which "the righteous shall flourish; and -abundance of peace, so long as the moon endureth" (Ps. lxxii.). - -But, for this blessed time to come, there must be no enemy! All enemies -must be subdued. - -This brings us to the first section of this book. - - - -1. LEPUS (the Hare), THE ENEMY. - - - _The Enemy Trodden under Foot._ - -The names of the three constellations of this Sign, as well as the -pictures, are all more or less modern, as is manifest from the names being -in _Latin_, and having no relation to the ancient names of their stars. To -learn their real meaning, therefore, we must have recourse to the ancient -Zodiacs. In the Persian planisphere the first constellation was pictured -by a _serpent_. In the Denderah (Egyptian) Zodiac it is an unclean bird -standing on the serpent, which is under the feet of Orion. Its name there -is given as _Bashti-beki_. _Bashti_ means _confounded_, and _Beki_ means -_failing_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 33: LEPUS (the Hare) or ENEMY - - -ARATUS says,-- - - - "Below Orion's feet, the Hare - Is chased eternally." - - -It is a small constellation of 19 stars (all small), three of which are of -the 3rd magnitude, seven of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body), has a Hebrew name, _Arnebo_, which means -_the enemy of Him that cometh_. The Arabic, _Arnebeth_, means the same. -Other stars, not identified, are _Nibal_, _the mad_; _Rakis_, _the bound_ -(Arabic, _with a chain_); _Sugia_, _the deceiver_. - -There can be no mistaking the voice of this united testimony. For this -enemy is under the down-coming foot of Orion, and it tells of the blessed -fact that when the true Orion, "the Sun of Righteousness, shall arise," -and "the true light" shall shine over all the earth, He "shall tread down -the wicked" (Mal. iv.), and every enemy will be subdued under His feet. -"It is He that shall tread down our enemies" (Ps. lx. 12), as He has said: - - - "I will tread them in Mine anger, - And trample them in My fury ... - For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart, - And the year of My redeemed is come." - - (Isa. lxiii. 3, 4.) - - - -2. CANIS MAJOR (The Dog), or SIRIUS (The Prince). - - - _The coming Glorious Prince of Princes (Sirius)._ - -This second constellation carries on the teaching, and tells of the -glorious Prince who will thus subdue and reign. - -In the Denderah Zodiac he is called _Apes_, which means _the head_. He is -pictured as a hawk (_Naz_, {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~}, _caused to come forth_, _coming swiftly -down_). The hawk is the natural enemy of the serpent, and here it has on -its head a pestle and mortar, indicating the fact that he shall crush the -head of the enemy. - -In the Persian planisphere it is pictured as _a wolf_, and is called -_Zeeb_, which in Hebrew ({~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}) has the same meaning. Plutarch translates -it {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _Leader_. In Arabic it means _coming quickly_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 34: CANIS MAJOR (the Dog) and CANIS MINOR (the Second Dog) - - -Its ancient name and meaning must be obtained from the names of its stars -which have come down to us. There are 64 altogether. Two are of the 1st -magnitude, two of the 2nd, four of the 3rd, four of the 4th, etc. Of these -{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head) is the brightest in the whole heavens! It is called -_Sirius_, _the Prince_ ({~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Sar_), as in Isa. ix. 6. - -_Sirius_(66) was, by the ancients, always associated with great heat. And -the hottest part of the year we still call "the dog days," though, through -the variation as observed in different latitudes, and the precession of -the equinoxes, its rising has long ceased to have any relation to those -days. Virgil says that Sirius - - - "With pestilential heat infects the sky." - - -Homer spoke of it as a star - - - "Whose burning breath - Taints the red air with fevers, plagues, and death." - - -It is not, however, of its heat that its name speaks, but of the fact that -it is the brightest of all the stars, as He of whom it witnesses is the -"Prince of princes," "the Prince of the Kings of the earth." - -Though this "Dog-Star" came to have an ill-omened association, it was not -so in more ancient times. In the ancient Akkadian it is called _Kasista_, -which means _the Leader_ and Prince of the heavenly host. While (as Mr. -Robert Brown, Junr., points out) "the Sacred Books of Persia contain many -praises of the star _Tistrya_ or _Tistar_ (_Sirius_), 'the chieftain of -the East.' "(67) - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left fore foot), speaks the same truth. It is -named _Mirzam_, and means _the prince_ or _ruler_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the -body) is called _Wesen_, _the bright_, _the shining_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -right hind leg) is called _Adhara_, _the glorious_. - -Other stars, not identified, bear their witness to the same fact. Their -names are--_Aschere_ (Hebrew), _who shall come_; _Al Shira Al Jemeniya_ -(Arabic), _the Prince or chief of the right hand_! _Seir_ (Egyptian), _the -Prince_; _Abur_ (Hebrew), _the mighty_; _Al Habor_ (Arabic), _the mighty_; -_Muliphen_ (Arabic), _the leader_, _the chief_. - -Here there is no conflicting voice; no discord in the harmonious testimony -to Him whose name is called "Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God ... the -Prince of Peace" (Isa. ix. 6). - -The names of the stars have no meaning whatever as applied to an Egyptian -Hawk, or a Greek Dog. But they are full of significance when we apply them -to Him of whom Jehovah says: - - - "Behold, I have given Him for a witness to the people, - A LEADER and commander to the people." - - (Isa. lv. 4.) - - -This is "the Prince of princes" (Dan. viii. 23, 25) against whom, "when -transgressors are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance ... shall -stand up," "but he shall be broken without hand," for he shall be -destroyed "with the brightness of His coming" (2 Thess. ii. 8). This is He -who shall come forth "King of kings and Lord of Lords" (Rev. xix. 16). - -But Sirius has a companion, and this brings us to-- - - - -3. CANIS MINOR (The Second Dog). - - - _The Exalted Redeemer (Procyon)._ - -The same facts are to be remembered concerning the Greek picture, and -Latin name of this constellation. - -The Egyptian name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Sebak_, which means -_conquering_, _victorious_. It is represented as a human figure with a -hawk's head and the appendage of a tail. - -This small constellation has only 14 stars according to the Britannic -catalogue. One of the 1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, one of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body), is named _Procyon_, which means -REDEEMER, and it tells us that this glorious Prince is none other than the -one who was slain. Just as this chapter begins with _two_ persons in one -in the Sign (Gemini), one _victorious_, the other _wounded_; so it ends -with a representation of two princes, one of whom is seen triumphant and -the other as the Redeemer. This is confirmed by the next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the -neck), which is named _Al Gomeisa_ (Arabic), _the burthened_, _loaded_, -_bearing for others_. The names of the other stars, not identified, still -further confirm the great truth; _viz._, _Al Shira_, or _Al Shemeliya_ -(Arabic), _the prince_ or _chief of the left hand_, answering to the star -in _Sirius_. One _right_, the other _left_, as the two united youths are -placed. _Al_ _Mirzam_, _the prince_ or _ruler_; and _Al Gomeyra_, _who -completes_ or _perfects_. - -This does, indeed, complete and perfect the presentation of this chapter: -Messiah's reign as Prince of Peace; the enemy trodden under foot by the -glorious "Prince of princes," who is none other than the glorified -Redeemer. - -This is also what is written in the Book: - - - "Shall the prey be taken from the mighty, - Or the lawful captives(68) be delivered? - But thus saith the LORD, - Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away, - And the prey of the terrible shall be delivered: - For I will contend with him that contendeth with thee, - And I will save thy children. - And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; - And they shall be drunken with their own blood as with sweet wine; - And all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour, - And thy REDEEMER--the Mighty One of Jacob." - - (Isa. xlix. 24-26, R.V.) - - "When the enemy shall come in like a flood, - The Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him, - And the REDEEMER shall come to Zion." - - (Isa. lix, 19, 20.) - - "And He shall divide the spoil with the strong, - Because He hath poured out His soul unto death." - - (Isa. liii. 12.) - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign CANCER (The Crab). - - - _Messiah's Redeemed Possessions held fast._ - -With regard to the sign of CANCER, one thing is certain, that we have not -got the original picture, or anything like it. - -It does not agree with the names either of its three constellations which -have come down to us, or of its stars. - -In the ancient Denderah Zodiac it is represented as a _Scarabus_, or -sacred beetle.(69) In the Zodiac of Esneh and in a Hindu Zodiac (400 B.C.) -it is the same. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 35: CANCER (the Crab) - - -According to the Greeks, Jupiter placed this Crab amongst the signs of the -Zodiac. - -In Sir William Jones's Oriental Zodiac we meet with a crab, and an -Egyptian Zodiac found at Rome bears also the crab in this sign. - -The more ancient Egyptians placed _Hermanubis_, or _Hermes_, with the head -of an ibis or hawk, as the symbol of the sign now allotted to Cancer. - -The Denderah name is _Klaria_, or _the cattle-folds_, and in this name we -have the key to the meaning of the sign, and to the subject of this -chapter. - -The Arabic name is _Al Sartan_, which means _who holds_ or _binds_, and -may be from the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to bind together_ (Gen. xlix. 11). There is -no ancient Hebrew word known for the crab. It was classed with many other -unclean creatures, and would be included in the general term "vermin." - -The Syriac, _Sartano_, means the same. The Greek name is _Karkinos_, which -means _holding_ or _encircling_, as does the Latin, _Cancer_, and hence is -applied to the crab. In the word _Khan_, we have the traveller's rest or -_inn_; while _Ker_ or _Cer_ is the Arabic for _encircling_. The ancient -Akkadian name of the month is _Su-kul-na_, _the seizer_ or _possessor of -seed_. - -The sign contains 83 stars, one of which is of the 3rd magnitude, and -seven are of the 4th magnitude, and the remainder of inferior magnitudes. - -In the centre of the Sign there is a remarkably bright cluster of stars, -so bright that they can be sometimes seen with the naked eye. It looks -like a comet, and is made up of a great multitude of stars. Modern -astronomers have called it the _Beehive_. But its ancient name has come -down to us as Praesepe, which means _a multitude_, _offspring_. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the head), is called _Tegmine_, _holding_. The -star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (or {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}1 and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}2), in the lower large claw, is called _Acubene_, -which, in Hebrew and Arabic, means _the sheltering_ or _hiding-place_. -Another is named _Ma'alaph_ (Arabic), _assembled thousands_; _Al Himarein_ -(Arabic), _the kids_ or _lambs_. - -North and south of the nebula _Praesepe_ are two stars, which Orientalists -speak of by a name evidently of some antiquity. _Asellus_ means an _Ass_, -and one was called _Asellus Boreas_, _the northern Ass_; while the other, -_Asellus Australis_, is _the southern Ass_. - -The sign was afterwards known by the symbol {~CANCER~}, which stands for these two -asses.(70) - -This connects it with the Tribe of Issachar, who is said to have borne -upon the Tribal standard the sign of _two asses_. - -This is doubtless the reference in Jacob's blessing (Gen. xlix. 11, -R.V.):-- - - - "Issachar is a strong ass, - Couching down between the sheepfolds; - And he saw a resting-place that it was good; - And the land that it was pleasant; - And he bowed his shoulder to bear, - And became a servant under task work." - - -Have we not here the gathering up of the teaching of this sign-- - - _Messiah's redeemed possessions held fast._ - -Here we come to the completion of His work. In CANCER we see it with -reference to His _redeemed_, and in the next (the last) Sign, LEO, with -reference to His _enemies_. - -The three constellations develope the truth. What is now called _Ursa -Minor_ is _the Lesser Flock_; _Ursa Major_ gives us _The Sheepfold and the -Sheep_; while _Argo_, _The Ship_, shows the travellers and the pilgrims -brought safely home--all conflict over. - -To accomplish this, we see the true Issachar bowing his shoulder to bear. -He could say, "My soul is bowed down" (Ps. lvii. 6). HE became a servant, -and humbled Himself to death. HE undertook the mighty task of saving His -people from their sins. "Their Redeemer is strong" (Jer. l. 34); for help -was laid on "One that was mighty" (Ps. lxxxix. 19). And His redeemed shall -come to a resting-place that is good, and to a land that is pleasant. No -earthly Khan on earth affords them a home. They look for a heavenly home, -and in the many mansions of the Father's house they shall find eternal -rest. - -Here we see that sheltering home to which the names of these stars point; -where the assembled thousands (_Ma'alaph_) shall be received into the true -_Klaria_, even the "everlasting habitations." - -These are now to be shown to us. - - - -1. URSA MINOR (The Little Bear). - - - _The Lesser Sheepfold._ - -Here we come to another grievous mistake, or ignorant perversion of -primitive truth, as shown in the ancient names of these two -constellations. - -It is sufficient to point to the fact that no Bear is found in any -Chaldean, Egyptian, Persian, or Indian Zodiacs, and that no bear was ever -seen with such a tail! No one who had ever seen a bear would have called -attention to a tail, such as no bear ever had, by placing in its very tip -the most important, wondrous, and mysterious Polar Star, the central star -of the heavens, round which all others revolve. The patriarchal -astronomers, we may be sure, committed no such folly as this. - -The primitive truth that there were _two_, or a pair of constellations is -preserved; and that of these two, one is larger, and the other smaller. -But what were they? We have the clue to the answer in the name of the -brightest star of the larger constellation, which is called _Dubheh_. Now -_Dubheh_ means _a herd of animals_. In Arabic, _Dubah_ means _cattle_. In -Hebrew, {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Dohver_, is _a fold_; and hence in Chaldee it meant -_wealth_. The Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _Dohveh_, means _rest_ or _security_; and -certainly there is not much of either to be found or enjoyed with bears! -The word occurs in Deut. xxxiii. 25: "As thy days so shall thy strength -be." The Revised Version gives in the margin, "So shall _thy rest_ or -_security_ be." This accords with what we have already seen under -"CANCER": "Couching down between the sheepfolds,(71) he saw a resting- -place that it was good." - -Here are the two Sheepfolds, then; the Greater fold, and Lesser; and here -is the _rest_ and _security_ which the flocks will find therein. - -But in Hebrew there is a word very similar in sound, though not in -spelling--{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~} or {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, _dohv_, which means _a bear_! So we find in Arabic -_dub_; Persian, _deeb_ and _dob_. We can see, therefore, how the Hebrew -_Dohver_, _a fold_, and _Dohv_, _a bear_, were confused; and how the -Arabic _Dubah_, _cattle_, might easily have been mistaken by the Greeks, -and understood as a bear. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 36: URSA MINOR - - -The constellation, which we must therefore call THE LESSER SHEEPFOLD, -contains 24 stars, _viz._, one of the 2nd magnitude, two of the 3rd, four -of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (at the point of the tail), is the most important in -the whole heavens. It is named _Al Ruccaba_, which means _the turned_ or -_ridden on_, and is to-day the Polar or central star, which does not -revolve in a circle as does every other star, but remains, apparently, -fixed in its position. But though the star does not revolve like the -others, the central point in the heavens is very slowly but steadily -moving. When these constellations were formed the Dragon possessed this -important point, and the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, in _Draco_, marked this central point. -But, by its gradual recession, that point is sufficiently near this star -_Ruccaba_, in the _Lesser Sheepfold_, for it to be what is called "the -Polar Star." But, how could this have been known five or six thousand -years ago? How could it have been known when it received its name, which -means _the turned_ or _ridden on_? That it was known is clear: so likewise -was it made known in the written Word that the original blessing included -not merely the multiplication of the seed of faithful Abraham, but it was -then added, "And thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies" (Gen. -xxii. 17). - -This star was called by the Greeks {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, the "_Cynosure_." ARATUS -seems to apply this term to the whole of the seven stars of the _Lesser -Bear_. Mr. Robert Brown, Junr., shows(72) that {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, once supposed to -be Hellenic, is non-Hellenic, and possibly Euphratean in origin, from a -word which he transliterates _An-nas-sur-ra_, and renders it, "as it -literally means, _high in_ rising, _i.e._, in heavenly position." Is not -this the primitive truth of the Revelation? Will not this Lesser Fold be -high, yea, the highest in heavenly position? - -The Polar Star has been removed from the Dragon, and is now in _the Lesser -Fold_; and when the Dragon shall be cast down from the heavens, the -heavenly seed will be safely folded there. But this is _the Lesser -Sheepfold_. These are they who all through the ages have been "partakers -of the heavenly calling," who desired a better country, that is, a -_heavenly_; wherefore God "hath prepared for them a city," the city for -which Abraham himself "looked." This was no earthly city, but a city -"whose builder and maker is God" (Heb. xi. 10-16). These have always been -a smaller company, a "little flock," but the kingdom shall be theirs, even -the kingdom of God, for which they now look and wait. They have not yet -"received the promises; but, having seen them afar off" by faith, they -"were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were -strangers and pilgrims on the earth" (Heb. xi. 13). Their Messiah has -accomplished "the redemption of the purchased possession," and in due time -the redeemed will inherit it, "unto the praise of His glory" (Eph. i. 13). - -The bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is named _Kochab_, which means _waiting Him who cometh_. -Other stars, not identified, are named _Al Pherkadain_ (Arabic), which -means _the calves_, or _the young_ (as in Deut. xxii. 6), _the redeemed -assembly_. Another, _Al Gedi_, means _the kid_. Another is _Al Kaid_, _the -assembled_; while _Arcas_, or _Arctos_ (from which we derive the term -_Arctic_ regions), means, according to one interpreter, _a travelling -company_; or, according to another, _the stronghold of the saved_. - -But there is not only the heavenly seed, which is compared "to the stars -of heaven," but there is the seed that is compared to "the sand of the -sea"--the larger flock or company, who will enjoy the earthly blessing. - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. URSA MAJOR (The Great Bear). - - - _The Fold and the Flock._ - -Of these it is written:-- - - - "But in Mount Zion there shall be those that escape, - And it shall be holy: - And the house of Jacob shall possess their possessions." - - (Obad. 17-19, R.V.) - - -It is a large and important constellation, containing 87 stars, of which -one is of the 1st magnitude, four of the 2nd, three of the 3rd, ten of the -4th, etc. It always presents a splendid appearance, and is perhaps, -therefore, the best known of all the constellations. - -In the Book of Job (ix. 9, and xxxviii. 31, 32) it is mentioned under the -name of _Ash_. "Canst thou guide _Ash_ and her offspring?" which is -rendered in the A.V., "Arcturus and his sons," and in the R.V., "The Bear -with her train" (marg., "_sons_"). The Arabs still call it _Al Naish_, or -_Annaish_, _the assembled together_, as sheep in a fold. The ancient -Jewish commentators interpreted _Ash_ as the seven stars of this -constellation. They are called by others _Septentriones_, which thus -became the Latin word for _North_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 37: URSA MAJOR - - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the back), is named _Dubhe_, which, as we have -seen, means _a herd of animals_, or _a flock_, and gives its name to the -whole constellation. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (below it) is named _Merach_ (Hebrew), _the flock_ (Arabic, -_purchased_). - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (on the left of [Greek: beta]) is called _Phaeda_, or _Phacda_, -meaning _visited_, _guarded_, or _numbered_, as a flock; for His sheep, -like the stars, are both _numbered_ and _named_. (See Psalm cxlvii. 4.) - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} is called _Alioth_, a name we have had in _Auriga_, meaning _a -she goat_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the middle of the tail) is called _Mizar_, _separate_ or -_small_, and close to it _Al Cor_, _the Lamb_ (known as "g"). - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} (at the end of the so-called tail) is named _Benet Naish_ -(Arabic), _the daughters of the assembly_. It is also called _Al Kaid_, -_the assembled_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~} (in its right foot) is called _Talitha_. - -The names of other stars, not identified, all give the same testimony: _El -Alcola_ (Arabic), _the sheep-fold_ (as in Ps. xcv. 7; and c. 3); _Cab'd al -Asad_, _multitude_, _many assembled_; _Annaish_, _the assembled_; -_Megrez_, _separated_, as the flock in the fold; _El Kaphrah_, -_protected_, _covered_ (Heb. _redeemed_ and _ransomed_); _Dubheh Lachar_ -(Arabic), _the latter herd_ or _flock_; _Helike_ (so called by HOMER in -the _Iliad_), _company of travellers_; _Amaza_ (Greek), _coming and -going_; _Calisto_, _the sheepfold set_ or _appointed_. - -There is not one discordant voice in the rich abundance of this testimony. -We have nothing to do here with the Grecian myths about bears or wild -boars. We see only the innumerable seed _gathered_ by Him who _scattered_ -(Jer. xxxi. 10). - -Many are the Scriptures we might quote which speak of this gathering and -assembling of the long-scattered flock. It is written as plainly in the -Book, as it is in the heavens. The prophecies of this gathering are as -conspicuous in the Word of God as the "_Seven Stars_" are in the sky. It -is difficult even to make a selection from the wealth of such promises; -but few are more beautiful than that in Ezek. xxxiv. 12-16: - - - "As a shepherd seeketh out his flock - In the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered; - So will I seek out my sheep, - And will deliver them out of all places where they have been - scattered in the cloudy and dark day. - And I will bring them out from the people, - And gather them from the countries, - And will bring them to their own land, - And feed them upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers - And in all the inhabited places of the country. - I will feed them in a good pasture, - And upon the high mountains of Israel shall their fold be: - There shall they lie in a good fold, - And in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel. - I will feed my flock, - And I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord GOD. (Adonai - Jehovah). - I will seek that which was lost, - And bring again that which was driven away, - And will bind up that which was broken, - And will strengthen that which was sick: - But I will destroy the fat and the strong; - I will feed them with judgment." - - -It is of this judgment with which this book, and indeed the whole -Revelation, ends, in the next and final chapter. - -But before we come to that we have one more picture in the third -constellation of this Sign, which combines the first two in one. - - - -3. ARGO (The Ship). - - - _The Pilgrims safe at Home._ - -This is the celebrated ship of the Argonauts, which HOMER sung nearly ten -centuries before Christ. Sir Isaac Newton puts the expedition of the -Argonauts shortly after the death of Solomon (about 975 B.C.). While Dr. -Blair's chronology puts it 1236 B.C. - -Whatever fables have gathered round the story there can be no doubt as to -its great antiquity. Some think that the story had its origin in name, as -well as in fact, from the _Ark_ of Noah and its mysterious journey. All -that is clear, when divested of mythic details, is that the sailors in -that ship, after all their dangers, and toils, and battles were over, came -back victorious to their own shores. The "golden fleece," for which the -Argonauts went in search, tells of a treasure that had been _lost_. -"Jason," the great captain, tells of Him who recovered it from the -_Serpent_, which guarded it with ever-watchful eye, when none else was -able to approach it. And thus, through the fables and myths of the Greeks, -we can see the light primeval shine; and this light, once seen, lights up -this Sign and its constellations, so that their teaching cannot be -misunderstood. - -ARATUS sings of _Argo_:-- - - - "Stern-foremost hauled; no mark of onward-speeding ship. - Sternward she comes, as vessels do - When sailors turn the helm - On entering harbour: all the oars back-water, - And gliding backward, to an anchor comes." - - -It tells of that blessed home-coming, when-- - - - "The ransomed of the LORD shall return - And come to Zion with songs, - And everlasting joy upon their heads; - They shall obtain joy and gladness, - And sorrow and sighing shall flee away." - - (Isa. xxxv. 10.) - - -It tells of the glorious Jason,(73) of whom it is asked: - - - "Art thou not it which hath cut Rahab, - And wounded the dragon? - Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great - deep; - That hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to - pass over? - Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, - And come with singing unto Zion," etc. - - (Isa. li. 9-11.) - - "For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, - And ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he. - Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion - And shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD." - - (Jer. xxxi. 11, 12.) - - -This is the return of the great emigrant-ship (_Argo_) and all its -_company of travellers_ (for this is the meaning of the word _Argo_). - - [Illustration] - - Plate 38: ARGO (the Ship) - - -In Kircher's Egyptian Planisphere _Argo_ is represented by two galleys (as -we have two sheepfolds), whose prows are surmounted by rams' heads; and -the stern of one of them ends in a fish's tail. One of the two occupies -_four segments_ of the sphere (from Taurus to Virgo), while the other -occupies the four from Leo to Capricorn. _One half_ of the southern -meridians is occupied with these galleys and their construction and -decorations. Astronomers tell us that they carry us back, the one to the -period when the Bull opened the year (to which time VIRGIL refers); and -the other to the _same_ epoch, when the summer solstice was in Leo--"an era -greatly antecedent to the Argonautic expedition. How else, they ask, do we -account for the one ship having her prow in the first Decan of _Taurus_, -and her poop in the last Decan of _Leo_? or for one galley being freighted -with the installed _Bull_, and the other with the solstitial _Lion_?"(74) - -These are the words of an astronomer who knows nothing whatever of our -interpretation of the heavens which is set forth in this work. - -It will indeed be a large vessel, the true _Argo_, with its _company of -travellers_, "a great multitude which no man can number." All this is -indicated by the immense size of the Constellation, as well as by the -large number of its stars. There are 64 stars in _Argo_ (reckoning by the -Britannic catalogue); one of the 1st magnitude, six of the 2nd, nine of -the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. Only a small part of the ship's poop is -visible in Britain. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (near the keel), is called _Canopus_ or _Canobus_, -which means _the possession of Him who cometh_. Other star-names, not -identified, are--_Sephina_, _the multitude_ or _abundance_; _Tureis_, _the -possession_; _Asmidiska_, _the released who travel_; _Soheil_ (Arabic), -_the desired_; and _Subilon_, _the Branch_. - -Is not all this exactly in harmony with the rest of this sign? And is not -this what is written in the Book? - - - "Therefore, fear thou not, O My servant Jacob, saith the LORD; - Neither be dismayed, O Israel: - For, lo, I will save thee from afar, - And thy seed from the land of their captivity; - And Jacob shall return and be in rest, - And be quiet, and none shall make him afraid, - For I am with thee, saith the LORD, to save thee." - - (Jer. xxx. 10, 11.) - - "Lift up thine eyes round about, and see; - All they gather themselves together, they come to thee; - Thy sons shall come from far, - And thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side, - Then thou shalt see, and flow together, - And thine heart shall fear and be enlarged; - Because the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee.... - Who are these that fly as a cloud? - And as doves to their windows? - Surely the isles shall wait for me, - And the SHIPS of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far." - - (Isa. lx. 4, 5, 8, 9.) - - -The whole chapter (Isa. lx.) should be read if we wish to understand the -great teaching of this Sign, which tells of Messiah's secured possessions, -the safe folding of His blood-bought flock, the blessed return of His -pilgrims, and their abundant entrance into everlasting rest. - - - "There is a blessed home - Beyond this land of woe, - Where trials never come, - Nor tears of sorrow flow; - Where faith is lost in sight, - And patient love is crowned, - And everlasting light - Its glory throws around. - - O joy, all joys beyond, - To see the Lamb who died, - And count each sacred wound - In hands, and feet, and side; - To give to Him the praise - Of every triumph won, - And sing through endless days - The great things He hath done. - - Look up, ye saints of God, - Nor fear to tread below - The path your Saviour trod - Of daily toil and woe; - Wait but a little while - In uncomplaining love, - His own most gracious smile - Shall welcome you above." - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign LEO (The Lion). - - - _Messiah's Consummated Triumph._ - -Here we come to the end of the circle. We began with Virgo, and we end -with Leo. No one who has followed our interpretation can doubt that we -have here the solving of the Riddle of the Sphinx. For its _Head_ is Virgo -and its _Tail_ is Leo! - -In Leo we reach the end of the Revelation as inspired in the Word of God; -and it is the end as written in the heavens. - -BAILLY (_Astronomy_) says, "the Zodiac must have been first divided when -the sun at the summer solstice was in 1 Virgo, where the woman's head -joins the Lion's tail." - -As to its antiquity there can be no doubt. JAMIESON says, "the Lion does -not seem to have been placed among the Zodiacal symbols, because Hercules -was fabled to have slain the Nemean Lion. It would seem, on the contrary, -that Hercules, who represented the Sun, was said to have slain the Nemean -Lion, because _Leo_ was already a Zodiacal sign. Hercules flourished 3,000 -years ago, and consequently posterior to the period when the summer -solstice accorded with _Leo_." (_Celestial Atlas_, p. 40). - -There is no confusion about _this_ sign. In the ancient Zodiacs of Egypt -(Denderah, Esneh) and India we find the Lion. The same occurs on the -Mithraic monuments, where Leo is _passant_, as he is in Moor's Hindu, and -Sir William Jones's Oriental Zodiacs. In Kircher's Zodiacs he is -_courrant_; in the Egyptian Zodiacs he is _couchant_. - -In the Denderah Zodiac he is treading upon a serpent, as shown in Mr. -Edward Cooper's _Egyptian Scenery_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 39: LEO (the Lion) - - -Its Egyptian name is _Pi Mentekeon_, which means _the pouring out_. This -is no pouring out or inundation of the Nile, but it is the pouring out of -the cup of Divine wrath on that Old Serpent. - -This is the one great truth of the closing chapter of this last Book. It -is - - THE LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH AROUSED FOR THE RENDING OF THE PREY. - -His feet are over the head of _Hydra_, the great Serpent, and just about -to descend upon it and crush it. - -The three constellations of the Sign complete this final picture: - - - 1. _Hydra_, the old Serpent destroyed. - - 2. _Crater_, _the Cup_ of Divine wrath poured out upon him. - - 3. _Corvus_, the Bird of prey devouring him. - - -The Denderah picture exhibits all four in one. The Lion is presented -treading down the Serpent. The Bird of prey is also perched upon it, while -below is a plumed female figure holding out _two cups_, answering to -_Crater_, the cup of wrath. - -The hieroglyphics read _Knem_, and are placed underneath. _Knem_ means -_who conquers_, or _is conquered_, referring to the victory over the -serpent. The woman's name is _Her-ua_, _great enemy_, referring to the -great enemy for which her two cups are prepared and intended. - -The Hebrew name of the sign is _Arieh_, which means _the Lion_. There are -six Hebrew words for Lion,(75) and this one is used of the Lion _hunting -down his prey_. - -The Syriac name is _Aryo_, _the rending Lion_, and the Arabic is _Al -Asad_; both mean _a lion coming vehemently_, _leaping forth as a flame_! - -It is a beautiful constellation of 95 stars, two of which are of the 1st -magnitude, two of the 2nd, six of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (on the Ecliptic), marks the heart of the Lion -(hence sometimes called by the moderns, _Cor Leonis_, _the heart of the -Lion_). Its ancient name is _Regulus_, which means _treading under foot_. -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, also of the 1st magnitude (in the tip of the tail), is -named _Denebola_, _the Judge_ or _Lord who cometh_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the -mane) is called _Al Giebha_ (Arabic), _the exaltation_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (on the -hinder part of the back) is called _Zosma_, _shining forth_. - -Other stars, not identified, are named _Sarcam_ (Hebrew), _the joining_; -intimating that here is the point where the two ends of the Zodiacal -circle have their _joining_. Another star has the name of _Minchir al -Asad_ (Arabic), _the punishing_ or _tearing of the Lion_. Another is -_Deneb Aleced_, _the judge cometh who seizes_. And another is _Al Dafera_ -(Arabic), _the enemy put down_. - -What can be more expressive? What can be more eloquent? All is harmony, -and all the names unite in pointing us to what is written of "the Lion of -the Tribe of Judah." - -And why is Messiah thus called? Because it is applied to Him in Rev. v. 5 -in connection with His rising up for judgment: and because the Lion is -known to have been always borne upon the standard of Judah, whether in the -wilderness (Num. ii.) or in aftertimes. - -In Israel's dying blessing the prophetic words foretold of Judah: - - - "Thy hand shall be on the neck of thine enemies; ... - Judah is a lion's whelp; - From the prey, my son, thou art gone up. - He stooped down, he couched as a lion, - And as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?" - - (Gen. xlix. 8, 9.) - - -In the prophecy of Balaam (Num. xxiv. 8, 9), we read: - - - "He shall eat up the nations his enemies, - And shall break their bones, - And pierce them through with his arrows, - He couched, he lay down as a lion, - And as a great lion; who shall stir him up?" - - -The same testimony is borne by the Prophet Amos: - - - "Will a lion roar in the forest when he hath no prey? - Will a young lion cry out of his den, if he hath taken nothing?... - The lion hath roared, who will not fear?" - - (Amos iii. 4, 8.) - - -When "the Lion of the tribe of Judah" is roused up for the rending, the -Spirit describes the scene in Isa. xlii. 13: - - - "The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, - He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war; - He shall cry, yea, roar; - He shall prevail against His enemies." - - -And this is what is meant and included when the Elder says for John's -comfort, "the Lion of the Tribe of Judah _hath prevailed_," and hence, is -"worthy ... to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and -honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v.). - -Whether we look, therefore, at the primeval Revelation in the heavens, or -at the later Revelation in the Word, the story is one and the same. - -And what we see of Leo and his work in both, we find developed and -described in the three constellations of the Sign. - - - -1. HYDRA (The Serpent). - - - _The Old Serpent Destroyed._ - -The time has at length come for the fulfilment of the many prophecies -pictured in the heavens: and in its three final constellations we see the -consummation of them all in the complete destruction of the Old Serpent, -and all his seed, and all his works. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 40: HYDRA (the Serpent), CRATER (the Cup), CORVUS (the Raven) - - -It is the special work of the Messiah, as "the Lion of the tribe of -Judah," to trample it under foot. - -It is pictured as _the female serpent (Hydra)_, the mother and author of -all evil. _Hydra_ has the significant meaning, _he is abhorred_! - -It is an immense constellation extending for above 100 degrees from east -to west, beneath the Virgin, the Lion, and the Crab. It is composed of 60 -stars; one of the 2nd magnitude, three of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the heart of the Serpent), is sometimes called -by the moderns _Cor Hydr_ on that account. Its ancient name is _Al Phard_ -(Arabic), which means _the separated_, _put away_. Another is called _Al -Drian_, _the abhorred_. Another star is named _Minchar al Sugia_, _the -piercing of the deceiver_. - -There can be no doubt as to what is taught by the constellation of Hydra, -nor is it necessary to quote the Scriptures concerning the destruction of -the Serpent. We pass on to consider the second. - - - -2. CRATER (The Cup). - - - _The Cup of Divine wrath Poured out upon Him._ - - - "God is the Judge. - He putteth down one, and setteth up another, - FOR IN THE HAND OF THE LORD THERE IS A CUP, - And the wine is red; it is full of mixture, - And He poureth out of the same: - But the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring - them out and drink them." - - (Ps. lxxv. 8.) - - "Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, - Fire and brimstone, and a horrible tempest: - THIS SHALL BE THE PORTION OF THEIR CUP." - - (Ps. xi. 6.) - - -This is no fabled wine-cup of Bacchus; but it is "The cup of His -indignation" (Rev. xiv. 10); "The cup of the wine of the fierceness of his -wrath" (Rev. xvi. 19). This is what we see set forth in this -constellation. The Cup is wide and deep, and fastened on by the stars to -the very body of the writhing serpent. The same stars which are in the -foot of the Cup form part of the body of Hydra, and are reckoned as -belonging to both constellations. - -This Cup has the significant number of _thirteen_ stars (the number of -Apostacy). The two--_Al Ches_ ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}), which means _the Cup_, and ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~})--determine -the bottom of the Cup. - - - -3. CORVUS (The Raven). - - - _The Birds of Prey devouring the Serpent._ - -Here is the final scene of judgment. We have had _Zeeb_; _the Wolf_; now -we have _Oreb_, _the Raven_. _Her-na_ is its name in the Denderah Zodiac. -_Her_, means _the enemy_; and _Na_, means _breaking up_ or _failing_. That -is to say, this scene represents _the breaking up_ of the enemy. - -There are nine stars (the number of _judgment_) in this constellation. The -bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the eye) is called _Al Chibar_ (Arabic), _joining -together_, from the Hebrew _Chiba_ (Num. xxiii. 8), which means -_accursed_. This star, then, tells of _the curse inflicted_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} -(in the right wing) is called _Al Goreb_ (Arabic), from Hebrew _Oreb_, -_the Raven_. A third star is named _Minchar al Gorab_ (Arabic), and means -_the Raven tearing to pieces_. - -This brings us to the end. There is nothing beyond this. Nothing remains -to be told. We know from the Word of God that-- - - - "The eye that mocketh at his father, - And despiseth to obey his mother, - The ravens of the valley shall pick it out." - - (Prov. xxx. 17.) - - -We remember how David said to the Giant Goliah--a type of this enemy of -God's people--"I will smite thee, and take thy head from thee; and I will -give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls -of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth" (1 Sam. xvii. 46). - -When the great day of this judgment comes, an angel standing in the sun -will cry "to all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven, Come, and -gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God; that ye may -eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty -men, and the flesh of horses, and of them that sit on them, and the flesh -of all men, both free and bond, both small and great" (Rev. xix. 17, 18). - -And after these awful words shall be fulfilled, in the closing words of -the prophecy of Isaiah, Jehovah foretells us how-- - - - "They shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that - have transgressed against Me; - For their worm shall not die, - Neither shall their fire be quenched; - And they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh." - - -This is the teaching of the whole Sign of LEO! It is all summed up in Jer. -xxv. 30-33:-- - - - "Therefore prophesy against them all these words, and say unto - them, - The LORD shall roar from on high, - And utter His voice from His holy habitation; - He shall mightily roar upon His habitation; - He shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, - Against all the inhabitants of the earth. - A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth; - For the LORD hath a controversy with the nations, - He will plead with all flesh; - He will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith the LORD. - Thus saith the LORD of hosts, - Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, - And a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the coasts of the - earth. - And the slain of the LORD shall be at that day from one end of the - earth - Even to the other end of the earth; - They shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; - They shall be dung upon the ground." - - -Here is the conclusion of the whole matter! Here is the final triumph of -the Son of Man in the consummated victory of the Seed of the woman: -"Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and -wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v. 12). - - - "O what a bright and blessed world - This groaning earth of ours will be, - When from its throne the tempter hurled, - Shall leave it all, O Lord, to Thee! - - But brighter far that world above, - Where we, as we are known, shall know; - And, in the sweet embrace of love, - Reign o'er this ransomed earth below. - - O blessed Lord! with longing eyes - That blissful hour we wait to see; - While every worm or leaf that dies - Tells of the curse, and calls for Thee. - - Come, Saviour! Then o'er all below - Shine brightly from Thy throne above, - Bid heaven and earth Thy glory know, - And all creation feel Thy love." - - - - - -SUMMARY. - - -Man has ever sought to rob Christ of His glory. He has long since done his -best to obliterate His name and His work from the Revelation which had -been written in the stars of light. When He humbled Himself, and came as -the promised Seed of the woman, men "saw no beauty in Him that they should -desire Him." And these were _religious_ men. It was religious men, not the -common rabble, whom the Old Serpent made use of to wound Him in the heel. -The Devil could not touch Him himself; he must use them as his -instruments; and it was only _religious_ men that could be so used. - -It was the "chief priests and scribes," men learned in the Scriptures, -whose very knowledge of the Word was used to compass His death amongst the -babes at Bethlehem (Matt. ii. 4-6). - -It was the same priests and scribes who were used to put Him to death, and -give the long-prophesied wound in the heel. - -Religion without Christ is enmity against God! Knowledge of the Scriptures -where the heart is not subject to Christ, and where Christ is not seen in -them, is powerless and lifeless. It is true of the Scriptures, as it will -be of the heavenly Jerusalem--"THE LAMB IS THE LIGHT THEREOF" (Rev. xxi. -23). - -The Church of Rome has been used of the great enemy to rob the Lamb of God -of His promised glory. JEROME, in his Latin translation of the Bible (405 -A.D.), wrote "_ipse_," HE, in Gen. iii. 15, as the "bruiser of the -serpent's head." And, in spite of the fact that JEROME himself so quotes -it in his commentary, and that it is _masculine_ in all the other ancient -translations of the Bible, Rome has first corrupted JEROME'S Vulgate by -changing the "e" into "a," and putting "_ipsa_" (she) instead of "_ipse_" -(He); then she has so translated this corruption and perpetuated this -perversion in various languages! So that in all her versions, in her -pictures and statues, in the decree of Pope Pius IX., which promulgated -the dogma of the "_immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary_," this lie of -the Old Serpent has been foisted on unnumbered thousands of deluded souls, -who have thereby been deceived into putting Mary in the place of Jesus; -the "co-Redemptress" in the place of the Redeemer; the creature in the -place of the Creator; the woman in the place of the woman's Seed;--until -the outcome is reached by emblazoning, in huge gilt letters, on the -outside of a large church in Rathmines, Dublin, "MARI PECCATORUM -REFUGIUM," to Mary the Refuge of Sinners! - -So complete has been the success of the subtlety of the Serpent, that he -has beguiled thousands of Protestants to unite in circulating these -_corrupted versions as the Word of God_, thus giving currency to the -Devil's lie. This is done on the plea of expediency, in order that these -versions might come to many as Protestant truth instead of Popish error; -but thus misleading those who were seeking for light, while confirming -Papists in their darkness. - -But through all the "wisdom of the Serpent" we can detect his lie. It is -very thinly veiled, and the Old Serpent has not succeeded in blinding the -eyes which the Spirit of God has opened. True, we see in all Rome's -pictures and statues the foot of Mary, on the Serpent's head, but the foot -is not _coming down_, nor is the head _crushed_! Rather is the woman's -foot resting on its head; and the woman herself supported by the Serpent. - -The whole system of Mary-anity is thus seen to be the outcome of the -Serpent's wisdom in opposition to the true Christ-ianity. - -How different are the primeval star-pictures of the heavens. There, the -club is lifted up, the foot is coming down, yea, the foot is actually -planted upon the enemy, treading the Scorpion under foot. - -Rome may corrupt the words of the Book, but she cannot touch the stars of -heaven! The Devil himself cannot move them from their places. He may -choose and use his servants and agents for corrupting the Scriptures -written in the Book, but he cannot change the Revelation of the stars. - -There,--no woman's foot is seen upon the Serpent's head! There,--no woman -usurps the place of the all-glorious Redeemer! - -In _Ophiuchus_ we see HIM in dread conflict with the Serpent, and we see -HIS foot upon the Scorpion's heart (SCORPIO). We see HIM, the Risen Lamb -(ARIES), binding _Cetus_, the great Monster of the Deep; we see HIM in the -glorious _Orion_, whose foot is coming down on the enemy's head (_Lepus_); -we see HIM in the Lion of the Tribe of Judah (LEO), about to tread down -that Old Serpent (_Hydra_) the Devil; we see HIM in the mighty _Hercules_, -who has his foot on the head of the _Dragon_ (_Draco_), and his up-lifted -club about to inflict the long-threatened blow; we see HIM crowned in -_Cepheus_, with all His enemies subdued, and His right foot planted upon -the Polar Star! - -True, we do see a WOMAN in this heavenly and Divine revelation; for there -are four women. Two are connected with the REDEEMER, and two with the -REDEEMED. The Redeemer is seen in the one (VIRGO) as the "promised Seed"; -in the other (_Coma_), He is seen as the child born, the Son given. The -Redeemed are represented in one as a captive _chained_ (_Andromeda_), with -no power to wage conflict with an enemy, but a prey to every foe; in the -other (_Cassiopeia_), she is _enthroned_, with no necessity for conflict. -For with one hand she waves the palm of a victory which another -(_Perseus_) has wrought on her behalf, while with her right hand she is -preparing and making herself ready for "the marriage of the Lamb." - -Thus pure and undefiled is this primeval fountain of Divine truth. Thus -harmonious is it with the written Word of God. And He who gave them both -to enlighten a dark world which lieth in the power of this wicked one, has -filled both with one subject--"The sufferings of Christ and the glory that -should follow." - -These are set forth by the Holy Spirit in a double sevenfold expansion of -the prophetic promise of Gen. iii. 15, giving seven steps in His -humiliation and seven in His glorification (Phil. ii. 5-11(76)). - - - CHRIST JESUS, - - 1. Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery (a thing - to be grasped at and held) to be equal with God; - - 2. But made Himself of no reputation (Gr. _emptied Himself_), - - 3. And took upon Him the form of a servant, - - 4. And was made in the likeness of men: - - 5. And being found in fashion as a man. He humbled Himself. - - 6. And became obedient unto death, - - 7. Even the death of the cross. - - WHEREFORE - - 1. God also hath highly exalted Him, - - 2. And given Him a name which is above every name: - - 3. That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, - - 4. Of things in heaven, - - 5. And things on earth, - - 6. And things under the earth; - - 7. And that every tongue shall confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, - to the glory of God the Father. - - Amen. - - "Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns, - Receive yet one, the crown of all the earth, - Thou who alone art worthy! It was thine - By ancient covenant, ere Nature's birth; - And Thou hast made it Thine by purchase since, - And overpaid its value with Thy blood. - Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and in their hearts - Thy title is engraven with a pen - Dipp'd in the fountain of eternal love. - Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and Thy delay - Gives courage to their foes, who, could they see - The dawn of Thy last advent, long desired, - Would creep into the bowels of the hills, - And flee for safety to the falling rocks." - - "Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns, - Receive yet one, as radiant as the rest, - Due to Thy last and most effectual work, - Thy Word fulfilled, the conquest of a world." - - (_Cowper._) - - - - - -"FOR SIGNS AND FOR SEASONS." - - -We have seen the great truths which are taught from the position, and -forms, and names of the heavenly bodies. There are also truths to be -learnt from their _motions_. - -When God created them and set them in the firmament of heaven, He said, in -Gen. i. 14-- - - - "Let them be for signs and for seasons." - - -Here the word "signs" is _othoth_ ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, plural of {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _oth_, from the -root {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _to come_). Hence, _a sign of something_ or _some One to -come_. In Jer. x. 2 Jehovah says, "And be not dismayed _at the signs_ -({~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}) of the heavens, for the heathen are dismayed at them." The -word "seasons" does not denote merely what we call the four seasons of the -year, but _cycles_ of time. It is {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _appointed time_ (from the verb -{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to point out_, _appoint_). It occurs three more times in Genesis, -each time in connection with the promised Seed-- - -Gen. xvii. 21, "_At_ this _set time_ in the next year"; - -Gen. xviii. 14, "_At the time appointed_ I will return"; and - -Gen. xxi. 2, "_At the set time_ of which God had spoken." - -Gen. i. 14 is therefore, "They (the sun, moon, and stars) shall be for -signs (things to come) and for cycles (appointed times)." - -Here, then, we have a distinct declaration from God, that the heavens -contain not only a Revelation concerning _things to come_ in the "Signs," -but also concerning _appointed times_ in the wondrous movements of the -sun, and moon, and stars. - -The motions of the sun and moon are so arranged that at the end of a given -interval of time they return into almost precisely the same position, with -regard to each other and to the earth, as they held at the beginning of -that interval. "Almost precisely," but not quite precisely. There will be -a slight outstanding difference, which will gradually increase in -successive intervals, and finally destroy the possibility of the -combination recurring, or else lead to combinations of a different -character. - -Thus the daily difference between the movement of the sun and of the stars -leads the sun back very nearly to conjunction with the same star as it was -twelve months earlier, and gives us the cycle of the year. The slight -difference in the sun's position relative to the stars at the end of the -year, finally leads the sun back to the same star at the same time of the -year, _viz._, at the spring equinox, and gives us the great precessional -cycle of 25,800 years. - -So, too, with eclipses. Since the circumstances of any given eclipse are -reproduced almost exactly 18 years and 11 days later, this period is -called an _Eclipse Cycle_, to which the ancient astronomers gave the name -of _Saros_;(77) and eclipses separated from each other by an exact cycle, -and, therefore, corresponding closely in their conditions, are spoken of -as being one and the same eclipse. Each _Saros_ contains, on the average, -about 70 eclipses. Of these, on the average, 42 are solar and 28 are -lunar. Since the _Saros_ is 11 days (or, more correctly, 10.96 days) -longer than 18 years, the successive recurrences of each eclipse fall 11 -days later in the year each time, and in 33 _Sari_ will have travelled on -through the year and come round very nearly to the original date. - -But as the _Saros_ does not reproduce the conditions of an eclipse with -absolute exactness, and as the difference increases with every successive -return, a time comes when the return of the _Saros_ fails to bring about -an eclipse at all. If the eclipse be a solar one before this takes place, -a new eclipse begins to form a month later in the year than the old one, -and becomes the first eclipse of a new series. - -This is the history of one such eclipse: On May 15 (Julian), 850 A.D., -there was a (new) eclipse of the sun, and it occurred as a _partial_ -eclipse. On August 20 (Julian), 1012 A.D., this new eclipse became -_total_. From that time it has been an _annular_ eclipse, the latitude of -the central shadow gradually shifting southward from the north, until on -December 17 (Julian), 1210, it had reached N. Lat. 24. It turned -northward again after 1210, until March 14 (Julian), 1355, when it fell in -N. Lat. 43. Then it turned south, and has moved steadily in that -direction, until on March 18 (Greg.), 1950, its last appearance as an -annular eclipse will take place. On May 22 (Greg.), 2058, it will fall so -far from the node that a new eclipse will follow it on June 21. It will -make three more appearances as an ever-diminishing partial eclipse, and be -last seen on June 24 (Greg.), 2112. Its total life-history, therefore, -will have been 1,262 years and 36 days, and will have occupied 70 _Sari_. - -In the above life-history of an eclipse(78) there is not the slightest -difficulty as to its identification. The _Saros_ shows no break, and no -interruption; nor does the character of the eclipse suffer any abrupt -change. The district over which it is visible moves in a slow and orderly -fashion from occurrence to occurrence over the earth's surface. - -Now the important point is this, that if we take the prophetic reckoning -of 360 days to the year, we have the following significant Biblical -numbers:-- - -In the first place, we already have the 70 _Sari_ divided into two -portions of 33 + 37. - -A perfect cycle is accomplished in 33 _Sari_, or 595 years, when the -eclipse, by a series of unbroken _Sari_, has accomplished a passage -through the year of 360 days; or, if we reckon only the whole numbers, -_i.e._, the 18 completed years, we have for the 33 _Sari_ the period of -594 years, while the remaining portion of 37 _Sari_ makes 666 years (37 x -18) ; and the whole 70 _Sari_ makes 1,260 years (594 + 666).(79) - -We have then the following figures:-- - - - 18 x 33 = 594 years. - 18 x 37 = 666 years. - 18 x 70 = 1260 years. - - -Independently of this, we also know that 1,260 years is a soli-lunar -cycle, so exact that its epact, or difference, is only 6 hours! - -There must, therefore, be something significant in these numbers, _e.g._, -70; in the number 1,260, with its divisions, not into two equal parts, but -into 594 and 666; as also in its double, 2,520. - -There must be something to be learned in the occurrence and repetition of -these heavenly cycles, which for nearly 6,000 years have been constantly -repeated in the heavens, especially when we find these same numbers very -prominently presented in the Word of God in connection with the fulfilment -of prophecy. - -We have the great "seven times" (2,520) connected with the duration of -Israel's punishment, and of the Gentiles' power. We have in Daniel and the -Apocalypse the half of this great period presented as "days" (1,260), as -"months" (42), and as "times," or years (3-). - -Futurists believe that these "days" and "months," etc., _interpret for us_ -the purposes and counsels of God as connected with "the time of the end," -and as meaning literal "days" and "months," etc. - -Historicists take these terms and themselves _interpret the numbers_, in -the sense of a "day" being put for a _year_, and they believe that these -"1,260 days" will be fulfilled as 1,260 _years_. - -One party boldly and ungraciously charges the other with teaching "_The -Fallacies of Futurism_"; while the other might well retort with a -reference to the _Heresies of Historicism_. - -But is there any necessity for the existence of two hostile camps? Is it -not possible that there may be what we may call a _long_ fulfilment in -years? And is it not more than probable that in the time of the end, the -crisis, there will also be a _short_ and literal fulfilment in days? - -We firmly believe that there will be this literal and _short_ fulfilment. -We believe that when God says "days," He means _days_; and that when He -says "42 months," He means _months_, and not 1,260 years. In all of the -passages referred to by historicists in support of what is called "the -year-day theory," the Holy Spirit uses these words "days" and "years" in -the sense of days and years. In the two particular instances of Israel's -wanderings (Num. xiv. 34), and Ezekiel's prophesying (Ezek. iv. 6), He -chooses to take the _number_ of days as denoting the _same number_ of -years; but He does not tell us that we are to do the same in other cases! -He only asserts His sovereignty by thus acting, while we only show our -presumption in taking His sovereign act as a general principle. - -But while fully believing in the _short_ fulfilment, we are quite prepared -to admit that there may be a _long_ fulfilment _as well_; and that, owing -to the wondrous harmony, and marvellous correspondence, and infinite -wisdom of all the works and ways of God, there may be a fulfilment, or -rather a "filment," if we may coin the word, in years, which will be only -a foreshadowing of the literal _ful_-filment afterwards to take place in -_days_. - -If historicists will allow us this liberty as to _interpretation_, and -permit us to believe that God means what He says, we will give them some -remarkable evidence in support of their views, by way of _application_. In -other words, if they will allow us to _interpret_ "days" as meaning days, -we will gladly allow them, and be at one with them, in _applying_ them to -years. So that while we believe the _interpretation_ to mean "days," and -to teach a _short_ fulfilment at the time of the end, we will thankfully -admit an _application_ which shall take these days as foreshowing a _long_ -fulfilment in years. - -In _applying_, then, these significant numbers (42, 70, 594, 666, 1,260, -and 2,520) to years, from what point or date shall we begin to reckon the -"_times of the Gentiles_" (Luke xxi. 24)? That there are such definite -"times" the words of the Lord Jesus show, when He says, "Jerusalem shall -be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be -fulfilled." (Luke xxi. 24). That there are "seven times" of Gentile -dominion is more than intimated by the symbolic episode in the life of -Nebuchadnezzar as recorded in Dan. iv.; and that there are "seven times" -of Israel's punishment is clearly stated in Lev. xxvi. 18. "Seven times," -according to the Historicist school of interpreters, are equal to 2,520 -years. - -Instead of asking where they begin, let us first note the fact that it is -_duration_ which is emphasised in the Scriptures rather than _chronology_; -and look at the duration of these years independently of, and before we -attempt to fix, their beginning and ending. - -In Daniel ii. and vii. it is shown first to Nebuchadnezzar in a "dream," -and afterwards to God's servant the prophet in a "vision," that Israel was -to be put on one side and become "Lo-Ammi" (_not My people_), while -government was to be put into the hands of the Gentiles. Jerusalem was the -central point of both these great and solemn facts. That is to say, during -2,520 years, while Jerusalem should remain in the power of the Gentiles, -Israel could be "no more a nation" in possession of their land and city. - -We know, as a matter of fact, that to-day Jerusalem is in the hands of the -Turks, and that it is still "trodden down of the Gentiles." - -If we ask how long it shall continue to be "trodden down"? how long it -will be before Israel shall again possess their city and their land?--the -answer brings us at once to the heart of our subject. - -In seeking to determine both duration and chronology, it is necessary to -plant our feet on sure ground. To do this, let us take a point on which -all are agreed. - -There is _one_ date which is universally accepted; and concerning which -the evidence is unquestioned. - -ABU OBEIDA, the Mahommedan General, laid siege to Jerusalem towards the -close of 636 A.D. The city was then occupied by the Romans, who held out -for four months. When they capitulated, the Patriarch SOPHRONIUS obtained -a clause in the treaty giving security to the inhabitants, and requiring -the ratification of OMAR himself. OMAR, who had therefore to be sent for, -arrived some six months afterwards, and the delay caused the actual -delivering up of the city to take place early in the autumn of A.D. -637.(80) - -The year A.D. 636-7 is therefore the accepted date of the passing over of -Jerusalem from the Romans to the Turks. - -OMAR seems to have stayed in the city only about ten days, during which he -must have given his instructions for the erection of the Mosque on the -site of the Temple. This Mosque, therefore, stands as the sign and the -symbol of the treading down of Jerusalem, and while it remains, those -times of treading down cannot be considered as fulfilled. - -How steady was Israel's decadence from Nebuchadnezzar to OMAR! Nothing -would exceed that darkest moment in Israel's history, when Israel was well -nigh obliterated in the mighty struggles of her enemies who fought over -her inheritance. Thus OMAR becomes the great central point of the 2,520 -years, whether reckoned as _Lunar_, _Zodiacal_, or _Solar_, dividing them -equally into two portions of 1,260 years.(81) - -Having thus fixed the central date, which already points forward to the -end, let us go back and find the starting point, that we may the better -understand the end. - -When Daniel was explaining to Nebuchadnezzar his mysterious dream, he -said, "Thou art this head of gold"! (Dan. ii. 38). This moment is -popularly, but erroneously, supposed to mark the commencement of the -Babylonian kingdom--the first of these four great Gentile powers. - -But Daniel spoke of what ALREADY existed, and was _explaining the then_ -condition of things. He said, "God _hath_ given thee a kingdom, power, and -strength, and glory" (Dan. ii. 37). The kingdom of Babylon had already -been in existence for more than thirty years, for its king had destroyed -Jerusalem and burnt the Temple with fire, and brought away many captives, -amongst whom was Daniel and his companions. The opening words of the book -make this very clear. - -The monumental history of Babylon, as now dug up, shows that before this -it had been sometimes tributary to, and sometimes almost independent of, -Assyria. In A.M. 3352, after a severe struggle with Assurbanipal, the -Assyrian king, Babylon was once more subdued, and its king setting fire to -his palace perished in the flames. After that there was peace for twenty- -two years, during which time Kandalanu governed Babylon in succession to -Sumas-sum-ukin, a son of Assurbanipal. - -In A.M. 3375 (_i.e._ B.C. 627),(82) another revolt broke out, and the -Assyrian king sent a general of great ability to quell it. His name was -Nabu-pal-user (which means _Nebo protects his son_). He put down the -rebellion with so much skill that Assurbanipal made him governor of -Babylon. He shortly afterwards, in A.M. 3376, himself rebelled, and made -himself King of Babylon. Associating with him his son Nebuchadnezzar, they -commenced a campaign against Assurbanipal, which ended in the fall of -Nineveh and the complete subjugation of Assyria. The kingdom of Babylon, -thus commencing in B.C. 625,(83) became the first great Gentile kingdom as -foretold in Daniel. - -There is practically no question, now, as to this date. - -The actual _duration_ of the three kingdoms that followed--Babylon, Medo- -Persia, and Greece, may not perhaps be so accurately determined. Their -total duration is known, because it is fixed by a known date at the other -end, but it might introduce controversial matter if we attempted to assign -to them their exact relative duration. Probably they were, -roughly:--Babylon about 90 years; Medo-Persia about 200 years; Greece about -304 years. - -We believe these to be fairly proportionate,(84) but whether they are or -not, their total amount must have been 594 years, because the undisputed -date of the battle of ACTIUM by which Augustus became the head of the -Roman Empire, was September B.C. 31. From this date Jerusalem passed -permanently under the power of Rome until the Mahommedan conquest in A.D. -636-7. - -We have, therefore, _three fixed dates_, and these decide for us the -_duration_ of the intervening periods; dividing them into the two great -Eclipse Cycles of 594 years and 666 years! - - - _Jerusalem under the Gentiles._ - - Babylon (the 1st Kingdom) commenced B.C. 625. - - Battle of Actium, ending the possession of the 3rd Kingdom, B.C. - 31. - - _Duration_ of the three Kingdoms, Babylon, Medo-Persia, and - Greece, together (1st Eclipse Cycle), 594 years. - - Rome (the 4th Kingdom) became the possessor of Jerusalem, B.C. 31. - - Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem, ending the possession of Rome, - A.D. 636. - - _Duration_ of Rome's possession of Jerusalem (2nd Eclipse Cycle), - 666(85) years. - - FIRST HALF OF "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES", 1260 years. - - Date of Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem, A.D. 636-7. - - SECOND HALF OF "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES" and _Duration_ of - Mahommedan possession of Jerusalem, A.D. 1260, and 1260 years. - - End and "fulness" of "the times of the Gentiles", A.D. 1896-7, and - 2520 years. - - -From this it appears that 1896-7 A.D. would mark the fulfilment, and -complete the duration, of "times of the Gentiles." - -The above reckoning has the following advantages over all previous -historicist interpretations:-- - -1. _Controverted_ dates are excluded. - -2. The _whole_ period of 2520 years is dealt with, instead of only the -latter half (1260), as is usually the case. - -3. It confines these "times" to the one place where the Lord Himself put -them, _viz._, "JERUSALEM." He said, "Jerusalem shall be trodden down of -the Gentiles, till the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled." - -These "times," therefore, are confined to Jerusalem. This "treading down" -is confined to Jerusalem. It is not the city of Rome that is to be trodden -down for 1260 years. Why, then, should these "times" be separated from -what is characteristic of their _duration_, and applied to Rome, papal or -imperial? Why should historicists search for some act of emperors or popes -in the early part of the seventh century in order to add it to 1260, so as -to find some terminal date in or near our own times!(86) - -We claim that the Lord Himself has joined these "times of the Gentiles" -with the city of "Jerusalem," and we say, "What, therefore, God hath -joined together, let not man put asunder" (Matt. xix. 6). - -When Jesus spoke of this _treading down_, it looks as though it were then -still future; for He said, "Jerusalem _shall be_ trodden down," etc., The -occupation of Jerusalem by Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome, was for -purposes of _government_ rather than for a wanton treading down. -Government on the earth was committed unto them. But when Jerusalem passed -from the government of the Roman Empire into the hands of the Turks, it -could then be said, in a very special sense, to be "trodden down." For of -any government worthy of the name there has been none; and of desolation -and desecration the city has been full. Under the feeble rule of the -Turks, all the Gentiles seem to have combined in laying waste the holy -city. - -Though Jews are returning thither in ever-increasing numbers, they are -only strangers there. They have as yet no independent position, nor can -they make any treaties. But when these "times" shall end, it means that -they will have a position of sufficient independence to be able to make a -treaty or league with the coming Prince (Dan. ix. 27); and then the course -of events will bring on another treading down of 1260 literal "days" which -will thus have had a fore-shadowing fulfilment in years! This is written -in Rev. xi. 2. And to save us from any misunderstanding, the time is -given, not in days, but in "_months_." - -The angel, after directing John to measure the Temple of God and the -altar, adds, "but the court which is without the Temple leave out, and -measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles; and the holy city shall -they tread under foot forty and two months." - -This refers to a future treading down, which will be limited to the brief -period of "forty two" literal "months," during the time of the coming -Prince; and "in the midst" of the last week, when he shall break His -covenant with the Jews,(87) set up the "abomination of desolation" (Dan -ix. 27; which is still future in Matt. xxiv. 15), and "tread down the holy -city." - -We now desire to specially emphasize the fact that all these dates, and -their termination in a rapidly approaching fulfilment, refer ONLY TO -JERUSALEM, AND THE GENTILES, AND THE JEWS! They refer only to the end of -the Gentile possession of Jerusalem, and to the settlement of the Jews in -their own city and land. - -These "times and seasons" have nothing whatever to do with "the Church of -God" (1 Thess. v. 1). The mystical Body of Christ, whenever its members -are complete, "will be taken up to meet the Lord--the Head of the Body--in -the air, so to be ever with the Lord" (1 Thess. iv. 15-17). This glorious -event has nothing to do with any earthly sign or circumstance, so far as -the members of this mystical Body are concerned. - -Therefore we are not dealing here with the coming of the Lord; either for -His saints, or with them. We are not referring to what is commonly and -erroneously called "the end of the world." We are merely pointing out that -the end of Gentile dominion _over Jerusalem_ is drawing near! And we -cannot close our eyes to the marvellous manner in which the veil is being -removed from Jewish hearts: to the change which has come over the Jewish -nation in its attitude towards Christ and Christianity, chiefly, under -God, through the unparalleled circulation of more than a quarter of a -million copies of a new translation of the New Testament into Hebrew, by -the late Isaac Salkinson, published by the Trinitarian Bible Society, and -freely distributed by the Mildmay Mission to the Jews: to the Palestine -literature which has sprung up amongst the Jews in recent years: to the -persecutions in various countries which are stirring their nest, and -setting the nation in motion: to the organized emigration to Argentina, -which its promoters avowedly speak of as "a nursery ground for Palestine" -(_Daily Graphic_, March 10th, 1892): to the railways completed and in -course of construction in the Holy Land: to the numerous Societies and -their branches which have permeated the whole nation, which, while having -various names, have only one object--"the colonisation of Palestine." - -When we put these events side by side with the teaching of the heavens as -to the "cycles" or appointed times, we are merely showing how wonderfully -they agree with what is written in the Book, and witnessed to by great and -uncontested historic dates. - -Nor are we absolutely naming a definite year or day even for these -Palestine events. After all, they can be only approximate, for man has so -misused every gift that God has ever given him, that even with such -wondrous heavenly time-keepers he cannot really tell you what year it is! -And, besides this loss of reckoning, there is confusion as to the -commencement of the A.D. era, which makes absolute accuracy between the -A.M., B.C., and A.D. dates impossible. - -Added to this, there is another point to be borne in mind, _viz._, that -when the "times of the Gentiles" shall end, Jewish independence need _not -be either immediate or complete_! - -For when Nebuchadnezzar began his kingdom of Babylon in A.M. 3376 (B.C. -625), the Jews, though in their land and city, were not independent. -Nebuchadnezzar went to and fro to Jerusalem, and put down and set up whom -he would; and it was not till some thirty years afterwards that he -destroyed the City and Temple and made the people captives. - -So, likewise, in the time of the end, there may be an _epanodos_. There -may be a similar period of possession without independence, a quasi- -independence guaranteed by the Great Powers; and, for ought we know, it -may be that, in order to gain _complete_ independence, they may ultimately -make that fatal league with the coming Prince. - -So that while we name the dates 1896-7 as being significant, we are not -"fixing dates" in the ordinary sense of the term, but merely pointing out -some of "the signs of the times," concerning which we ought not to be -ignorant. - -The _true interpretation_ will in any case still remain, and will surely -be literally fulfilled in its own time. The Word of God will be -vindicated; its prophetic truth will be verified; God Himself will be -glorified; and His people saved with an everlasting salvation. - -Meanwhile the members of His Body will "wait for His Son from heaven, whom -He raised from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to -come" (1 Thess. i. 10). They will live "looking for that blessed hope, and -the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, who -gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify -unto Himself a peculiar people (R.V., a people for His own possession) -zealous of good works" (Titus ii. 13, 14). They will "look for the -Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ," from heaven, believing that there is no -hope either for "the Jew, the Gentile, or the Church of God," or for a -groaning creation, until "the times of refreshing shall come from the -presence of the Lord; and He shall send Jesus Christ, whom the heaven must -receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath -spoken by the mouth of ALL HIS HOLY PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN" (Acts -iii. 19-21). - - - "The world is sick, and yet not unto death; - There is for it a day of health in store; - From lips of love there comes the healing breath,-- - The breath of Him who all its sickness bore, - And bids it rise to strength and beauty evermore. - - Evil still reigns; and deep within we feel - The fever, and the palsy, and the pain - Of life's perpetual heartaches, that reveal - The rooted poison, which, from heart and brain, - We labour to extract, but labour all in vain. - - Our skill avails not; ages come and go, - Yet bring with them no respite and no cure; - The hidden wound, the sigh of pent-up woe, - The sting we smother, but must still endure, - The worthless remedies which no relief procure,-- - - All these cry out for something more divine, - Which the worst woes of earth may not withstand; - Medicine that cannot fail--the oil and wine, - The balm and myrrh, growth of no earthly land, - And the all-skilful touch of the great Healer's hand. - - Man needs a prophet: Heavenly Prophet, speak, - And teach him what he is too proud to hear. - Man needs a priest: True Priest, Thy silence break, - And speak the words of pardon in his ear. - Man needs a king: O King, at length in peace appear." - - - - - -APPENDIX. NOTE ON THE SIGN LIBRA. - - -On page 47 we called attention to the point that in all probability the -Sign LIBRA was a very ancient corruption. - -The ancient Akkadian name for the _seventh_ month, which was the month -when the sun was in the Sign now called LIBRA, was _Tul-ku_, which means -_the sacred mound_, or _altar_. The Akkadian name for this Sign was _Bir_, -which means _the Light_, hence, the Lamp with its light, or the Altar with -its fire. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 1--The Circular Altar, in the Sign now called Libra. - - -Its most ancient form was a circular altar.(88) In Figure 1 we have -reproduced this,(89) and it will be at once seen that we have the original -of the disc now preserved in the _two circular scales_ which form the Sign -of LIBRA. - -The next stage of the corruption is shown in the Akkadian name of -_Scorpio_ (the Scorpion)--the Sign immediately to the left of the Altar. It -was called _Gir-tab_, which means _the Seizer and Stinger_, and the next -Figure (2), taken from an Euphratean boundary stone,(90) shows the two -Signs combined, for the Scorpion is stretching out its claws in order to -_seize_ the _Lamp_ or _Altar_. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 2--The Scorpion and the Lamp. (From a Euphratean Boundary Stone.) - - -Thus the meaning of its name is exemplified. It is called the _Seizer and -Stinger_. And just as in the constellation above it, the Serpent is -struggling with the man, while at the same time it is stretching out its -neck to seize the crown,(91) so here the Scorpion, while trying to _sting_ -the same man in the heel, is stretching out its claws to _seize_ the -altar. - -A seal on a contract, nearly 700 B.C., shows this Circular Altar actually -in the grasp of the Scorpion. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 3--Scorpion and Lamp. (From an Euphratean Seal.) - - -Figure 3 is a picture of this Euphratean Seal, preserved on a contract -made on the 8th day of the month _Tisri_, _i.e._, this same _seventh_ -month!(92) - -This then is the next stage. But Mr. Robert Brown, junr., observes, "The -_Circle_ or other representation of an _Altar_ not unnaturally disappeared -as the use of the Sign advanced westward; whether by sea, or across Asia -Minor, or both, and the _Chelai_ alone remained when the shores of the -gean were reached."(93) - -This is quite true, for the Greek name for the Sign was _Chelai_, which -means simply _the Claws_. And thus the Scorpion monopolised two Signs; its -body one, and its claws the other. This led to the mistake of SERVIUS, the -intelligent commentator on VIRGIL,(94) that "the Chaldean Zodiac consisted -of but eleven constellations." We now know that there were twelve Signs, -and the mistake is thus explained. - - [Illustration] - -Fig. 4--The Constellation of "the Claws." Formerly the Circular Altar, now - Libra. - - -Mr. Brown quotes ACHILLES TATIUS, about 475 A.D., in a Fragment on the -_Phainomena_, who says, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~} {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}.(95) - -ARATUS says that "some few stars of the _Claws_ are in the (Celestial) -Equator." And PTOLEMY describes the stars, now reckoned in LIBRA, as being -in what he calls "The Constellation of the Claws." We have reproduced them -so that his description of them may be readily traced. He speaks of-- - - - "The bright one of those at the end of the southern _Claw_." (It - is named _Zuben el Genubi_ and now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}). - - "The one more northerly than it, and dimmer" (now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}). - - "The bright one of those at the end of the northern _Claw_" (named - _Zuben el Chemali_, and now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}). - - "The one in front of it and dim" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}). - - "The one in the middle of the southern _Claw_" (1 i). - - "The one in the middle of the northern _Claw_" (now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}). - - "The one behind it in the same _Claw_" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}). - - "The foremost of the three more northerly than the northern - _Claws_" (1 f). - - "The southern one of the two hindmost" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}). - - "The hindmost of the three between the _Claws_" (one of the stars - now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} or {~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}). - - "The northern of the two remaining and preceding ones" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~}). - - "The southern one of them" (n). - - -This is how the stars formerly in the Sign of the (Circular) ALTAR, came -to be reckoned in _the Claws_ of the Scorpion; and this is how the -circular scales of LIBRA came to be substituted for the ancient _Circular_ -ALTAR. - -This corruption of the primitive teaching of the ALTAR, shows how the -enemy attempted to _seize_ on the Atonement, bring in "the way of Cain," -and substitute _human merit_ for the atoning sacrifice of Christ; thus -perverting the truth at its fountain head. Just as in Gen. iii. we have -the woman's promised Seed in conflict with the Enemy, so in Gen. iv. we -see the Scorpion's claws--"the way of Cain" in conflict with "the way of -God." - -There can be but little doubt, therefore, that the first Sign of the -Zodiac was VIRGO, the second was the ALTAR, and the third was the -SCORPION. The lesson which they teach is clear: The Seed of the woman -(VIRGO), who was to come as a child, should be a sacrifice (the ALTAR) for -the sins of His people; endure a great conflict with the enemy (SCORPIO), -in which He should be wounded in the heel; but should in the end crush and -tread the enemy under foot. - - - - - - -FOOTNOTES - - - 1 For what is meant by "Structure," see _A Key to the Psalms_, by the - late Rev. Thos. Boys, edited by the present author, 7, St. Paul's - Churchyard. Price Five shillings. - - 2 _Viz._, in _A_ (verses 7, 8),-- - - "Converting," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, _to return_, as the sun in the heavens. - - "Testimony," from {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to repeat_, hence, _a witness_, spoken of - the sun in Ps. lxxxix. 37. - - "Sure," {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN~}, _faithful_, as the sun. (Ps. lxxxix. 37.) - - "Enlightening," from {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to give light_, as the sun. (Gen. i. 15, - 17, 18; Isa. lx. 19; Ezek. xxxii. 7.) - - In _B_ (verses 11, 12, 13),-- - - "Warned," from {~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to make light_, hence, _to teach_, - _admonish_. - - "Keeping," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to keep_, _observe_, as the heavens. (Ps. - cxxx. 6; Isa. xxi. 11.) Or as the heavenly bodies _observe_ God's - ordinances. - - "Errors," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, _to wander_, as the planets. - - "Keep back," {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}, _to hold back_, _restrain_. - - "Have dominion over," from {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _to rule_. Spoken of the sun and - moon in Gen. i. 18. "The sun to rule the day," &c. (Ps. cxxxvi. 8, - 9.) - - 3 The other half of the Psalm is just as perfectly arranged. For - example, there are six words used (verses 7-9) to describe the - fulness of the Word of God, and they are thus placed, alternately:-- - - F | _Two_ feminine singulars. (Law and Testimony.) - G | _One_ masculine plural. (Statutes.) - _F_ | _Two_ feminine singulars. (Commandment and Fear.) - _G_ | _One_ masculine plural. (Judgments.) - - 4 From {~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to cut into_, or _grave_, hence, _to write_. It has the - two senses of our English verb _tell_, which means _to count_, and - also _to narrate_. The first occurrence is Gen. xv. 5, "_Tell_ - ({~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}) the stars, if thou be able to _number_ ({~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}) them." Gen. - xxiv. 66, "The servant _told_ Isaac all things that he had done." - Ps. lxxi. 15, "My mouth shall _show forth_ ({~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _tell of_, - R.V.) thy righteousness and thy salvation all the day; for I know - not the _numbers_ ({~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _i.e._, _the accounts_) of them," - _i.e._, all the particulars. - - 5 From {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to be heavy, weight_, the context determining whether - the weight spoken of is advantageous or not. The first occurrence is - Gen. xii. 10, "The famine was _grievous_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}) in the land." The - next, xiii. 2, "Abram was very _rich_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~})." It is often applied - to persons who are _of weight_ and _importance_, hence, glorious and - honourable. It is used of the _glory_ of the Lord, and of God - Himself, as we use Majesty of a person. See Isa. iii. 8; iv. 2; xi. - 10; xliii. 20; Hag. ii. 8; Ex. xvi. 7; xxiv. 17; 1 Sam. iv. 21; Pss. - xxvi. 8 (_honour_); lxiii. 3. - - 6 From {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER GIMEL~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to set before_, _to set forth_, _to shew_. First - occurrence, Gen. iii. 11, "Who _told_ thee that thou wast naked." - Ps. xcvii. 6, "The heavens _declare_ His righteousness"; cxi. 6, - "_He hath shewed_ his people the power of his works." - - 7 This is the English idiom for the Hebrew "Day to day." The {~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~} is used - in its sense of _adding_ or superadding to, as in Isa. xxviii. 10, - {~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~} {~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}, "precept to precept;" _i.e._, precept after precept, line - after line. Gen. xlvi. 26, "All the souls that came with Jacob" - ({~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER QOF~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, to Jacob; _i.e._, in addition to Jacob. So here, "Day to - day;" _i.e._, Day in addition to day, or, as we say, Day after day). - - 8 From {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}, _to tell forth_, akin to {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _to prophesy_, from root - _to pour forth_. Lit., here, poureth forth discourse. Ps. cxlv. 9, - "abundantly utter." - - 9 Their line, {~HEBREW LETTER QOF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}, _i.e._, their measuring line. By the figure of - metonymy the _line_ which measures is put for the portion or - heritage which is measured, as in many other places. See Ps. xvi. 6, - "The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a - goodly heritage." (See also Ps. lxxviii. 55, &c.) Here, it means - that "Their measuring line has gone forth unto all the earth - ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~})"; _i.e._, All the earth inherits this their testimony - (_i.e._, has this testimony for its heritage), and to the ends of - the world ({~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _the inhabited world_) their instruction has gone - forth. With this agrees, in sense, the LXX. here, and Rom. x. 16, - which each has {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _a sound_, or _voice_; _i.e._, a sound in - relation to the hearer, rather than to that which causes it. The - meaning of the passage is, "All the earth has their _sound_ or - testimony as its heritage, and the ends of the world hear their - words." Symmachus has {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _a sound_, or _report_. - - 10 {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~} means _that which is hot_, and is a poetical name of the sun - itself. - - 11 Job is thought by some to be the Jobab mentioned in Gen. x. 29, the - third in descent from Eber. - - 12 Note the structure of this verse:-- - - A | The seven stars, - B | Orion, - _A_ | The twelve signs, - _B_ | Arcturus. - - 13 General Chesney allowed the late Dean Goode to copy the passage, - among other matters, from his private MS. The Dean quotes it in his - _Warburtonian Lectures_ (2nd Ed., Note I. to Sermon IV., p. 170-1.) - - 14 Fragments of these coloured glazed bricks are to be seen in the - British Museum. - - 15 _Babylonian Life and History_, p. 36. - - 16 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}. - - 17 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}. - - 18 Besides this _monthly_ difference, there is an _annual_ difference; - for at the end of twelve months the sun does not come back to - exactly the same point in the sign which commenced the year, but is - a little behind it. But this difference, though it occurs every - year, is so small that it will take 25,579 years for the sun to - complete this vast cycle, which is called _The precession of the - Equinoxes_; _i.e._, about one degree in every 71 years. If the sun - came back to the precise point at which it began the year, each - _sign_ would correspond, always and regularly, exactly with a - particular _month_; but, owing to this constant regression, the sun - (while it goes through the whole twelve signs every year) commences - the year in one sign for only about 2,131 years. In point of fact, - since the Creation the commencement of the year has changed to the - extent of nearly three of the signs. When Virgil sings-- - - "_The White Bull with golden horns opens the year_," - - he does not record what took place in his own day. This is another - proof of the antiquity of these signs. - - The _Ecliptic_, or path of the sun, if it could be viewed from - immediately beneath the Polar Star, would form a complete and - perfect circle, would be concentric with the _Equator_, and all the - stars and the sun would appear to move in this circle, never rising - or setting. To a person north or south of the Equator the stars - therefore rise and set obliquely; while to a person on the Equator - they rise and set perpendicularly, each star being twelve hours - above and twelve below the horizon. - - The points where the two circles (the _Ecliptic_ and the _Equator_) - intersect each other are called the _Equinoctial points_. It is the - movement of these points (which are now moving from Aries to Pisces) - which gives rise to the term, "_the precession of the Equinoxes_." - - 19 It is exactly the same with the books of the Bible. Their order and - their names, _as we have them_ in the English Bible, are those which - _man_ has given them, copied from the Septuagint and Vulgate, and in - many cases are not the Divine names according to the Hebrew Canon. - - 20 Here, the fact of His humiliation, together with this long period of - His rejection, is leaped over, and the prophecy passes on at - once--over at least a period of 1893 years--to this "glory which - should follow." - - 21 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, _Al Mureddin_. - - 22 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, _Zavijavah_. - - 23 The star now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}. - - 24 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~}. - - 25 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _Al Zimach_. - - 26 The stars are known by Greek letters and sometimes by numbers, &c. - Alpha ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}) denotes a star of the _first_ magnitude; Beta ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}), the - second, and so on. This plan was originated by Bayer in his - _Uranometria_, 1603. The star _Alpha_, as seen in the New Great - Equatorial Telescope recently set up at Greenwich, is now discovered - to be really a _double_ star, though it had hitherto always appeared - to be _one_. - - 27 Jer. xxxiii. 15 being only a repetition of Jer. xxiii. 5. - - 28 From {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~} which occurs only in Ps. lxiii. 1, "my flesh _longeth_ - for thee." It is akin to {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to desire_. Ps. xix. 10; Is. liii. - 2; Hag. ii. 7; etc. - - 29 A Latin translation of his work is in the British Museum Library. He - says the Persians understood these signs, but that the Indians - perverted them with inventions. - - 30 The constellations are called _Decans_. The word means _a part_, and - is used of the three parts into which each sign is divided, each of - which is occupied by a constellation. - - 31 It appears that MM. Saulnier, fils, and Lelorrain arrived while - Signor Bossi was engaged in copying it, but concealed their design - to remove it. The King of France paid 6,250 sterling for it. It has - since been copied, and lithographs have been published. - - 32 Act IV., Scene 3. - - 33 _I.e._, _come forth_ (as in the R.V.). _At_, as the preposition {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~} is - rendered in Gen. iii. 24. "There shall come forth a star at or over - the inheritance or possessions of Jacob," thus indicating the - locality which would be on the _meridian_ of this star. - - 34 It ought also to be noted that in the preceding year there were - three conjunctions of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, at the end of - May and October, and at the beginning of December. Kepler - (1571-1631) was the first to point this out, and his calculations - have been confirmed by the highest authorities. These conjunctions - occurred in the sign of PISCES: and this sign, according to all the - ancient Jewish authorities (Josephus, Abarbanel, Eliezer, and - others), has special reference to _Israel_. The conjunction of - Jupiter and Saturn, they hold, always marked the occurrence of some - event _favourable to Israel_; while Kepler, calculating backwards, - found that this astronomical phenomenon always coincided with some - great historical crisis, _viz._: the Revelation to Adam, the birth - of Enoch, the Revelation to Noah, the birth of Moses, the birth of - Cyrus, the birth of Christ, the birth of Charlemagne, and the birth - of Luther. - - 35 The ancient name could not have been _Botes_! though it is derived - from, and may be a reminiscence of the Hebrew. - - 36 ARATUS calls him _Arctophylax_, _i.e._, the guardian of Arctos, the - flock of the greater fold, called to-day the Great Bear:-- - - "Behind, and seeming to urge on the Bear, - Arctophylax, on earth Botes named, - Sheds o'er the Arctic car his silver light." - - By some moderns he is mistakenly called _The Waggoner_. Hence the - allusion of Thompson:-- - - "Wide o'er the spacious regions of the North, - Botes urges on his tardy wain." - - This perversion scarcely does justice even to human common sense, as - waggoners do not use a sickle for a whip! - - 37 The constellation is a very brilliant one, having 54 stars, _viz._, - one of the 1st magnitude, six of the 3rd, eleven of the 4th, etc. - - The constellation of the _Canes Venatici_ (_the Greyhounds_), - _i.e._, the two dogs (Asterion and Chara), which Botes holds by a - leash, is quite a modern invention, being added by Hevelius - (1611-1687). The bright star of the 3rd magnitude in the neck of - Chara, was named "_Cor Caroli_" (_the heart of Charles_) by Sir - Charles Scarborough, physician to Charles II., in honour of Charles - I., in 1649. This is a good example of the almost infinite distance - between the ancient and modern names. The former are full of - mysterious significance and grandeur, while the latter are puerile - in the extreme, almost approaching to the comic! _e.g._, the Air - Pump, the Painter's Easel, the Telescope, the Triangle, the Fly, the - Microscope, the Indian, the Fox and Goose, the Balloon, the Toucan - (or American Goose), the Compasses, Charles's Oak, the Cat, the - Clock, the Unicorn, &c. The vast difference can be at once seen - between those designed by the ancients and those added by - astronomers in more recent times. - - These new constellations were added, 22 by Hevelius (1611-1687); and - 15 by Halley (1656-1742). They were formed for the purpose of - embracing those stars which were not included in the ancient - constellations. This shows that the old constellations were not - designed, like the modern ones, merely for the sake of enabling - astronomers to identify the positions of particular stars. In this - case _all_ the stars would have been included. _The object was - exactly the opposite_! Instead of the pictures being designed to - serve to identify the stars, only certain stars were used for the - purpose of helping _to identify the pictures_! - - This is another important proof of the truth of our whole argument. - - 38 See quotation from Dr. Budge, on page 12. - - 39 And certainly the symbol by which it is still known {~LIBRA~} is more like - the top of an altar (See _Ara_, Plate XIV.) than a pair of balances, - to which we can trace no resemblance whatever. See Note in the - Appendix. - - 40 _Antares_ seems also to have been known as _Lesath_. - - 41 Luke xxii. 53: comp. Col. i. 13 and Eph. vi. 12. - - 42 In 1604 a new star appeared in the eastern foot of Ophiuchus, but - disappeared again in 1605. - - 43 There is an ancient Greek fable which calls Ophiuchus sculapius, - the son of Apollo. Having restored Hippolytus to life, he was - everywhere worshipped as the god of health, and hence the serpent - entwined around him is, to this day, the symbol of the medical art! - This, however, is, doubtless, another perversion of the primitive - truth that the Coming One in overcoming the serpent, should become - the great healer of all the sorrows of the world, and cause all its - groanings to cease. - - 44 _Cerberus_, or the serpent with three heads, was placed by Hevelius - (1611-1687) by the side of Hercules. Bayer had previously placed the - apple branch in his hand. This was symbolical of the golden apples - of _Hesperides_, which he obtained by killing the three-headed - _hydra_, by whom they were guarded. In our picture these are - combined, and a bow and quiver added from other ancient authorities. - - 45 In our picture we have combined the two great thoughts, taking the - _harp_ from a picture dug up at Herculaneum, and adding an eagle - soaring up with it. - - 46 This is the first time that the word "Alleluia" occurs in the New - Testament, and it is praise for judgment executed. - - Where is its first occurrence in the Old Testament? In Ps. civ. 35, - where we have the very same solemn and significant connection:-- - - "Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, - And let the wicked be no more. - Bless thou the LORD, O my soul, - HALLELUJAH (Praise ye the LORD)." - - 47 There is a fish tail here. The third Decan of CAPRICORNUS is a fish - (_Delphinus_). There is again a fish (_Piscis Australis_) in the - next sign (AQUARIUS), and then the following sign is PISCES, or the - Fishes. So that the Redeemed Multitudes are presented throughout - this Second Book. - - 48 When we come to the last chapter of this book we shall see that the - Sun was in the sign of the other sacrificial animal, ARIES, at the - very hour of the Crucifixion. And ARIES sets before us the victory - of "the Lamb that was slain." - - 49 The eleventh, because everyone begins to reckon from ARIES, and not - as we have done from VIRGO, as shown by the riddle of the Sphinx. - See page 20. - - 50 And in great contrast with several modern ones near it, _e.g._, the - Balloon, the Sculptor's Apparatus, the Microscope, Euclid's Square, - the Telescope, etc., etc. - - 51 How inconsistent when there were three such conjunctions in one - year, all in the same sign of PISCES, immediately preceding the - birth of the woman's Seed; and in addition to this the new star - which had been foretold. See under _Coma_, Pages 36, 37, 38. - - 52 The figure of _Tapeinosis_, which calls our attention to that fact - that He was delighted thus to be called. - - 53 There are 113 stars in this sign, none of any great importance; only - one of the 3rd magnitude, five of the 4th, etc. - - 54 "El Nath" is used by Chaucer as the name of a spring star. - - 55 TAURUS then marked the Spring Equinox. - - 56 "Thy beauty; for it was perfect through My comeliness, which I put - upon thee (Jerusalem), saith the LORD" (Ezek. xvi. 14). - - 57 Those who interpret the Queen here of the Church as the Bride, - interpret the "Virgins" in Matt. xxv. of the Bride also. But how - inconsistent! If the "Virgins" be the Church in Matt. xxv., then - where is the Bride? If the Queen is the Bride (the Church) in Ps. - xlv., then who are the "virgins her companions"? Both cannot be the - correct interpretation. In fact, both are wrong, and hence the - _confusion_. The Bride must be interpreted by the Old Testament - scriptures, and the Prophecies which belong to Israel must not be - robbed and given to the Church. They cannot be thus diverted without - bringing confusion into the Scripture, and causing loss to our - souls. - - 58 See Job xxxix. 14, 15, where it is said, the ostrich "leaveth her - eggs in the dust, forgetting that the foot may crush them, or that - the wild beast may break them." - - 59 The others have names, but they were given by the Greeks from the - names of the seven daughters of _Atlas_ and _Pleione_. The Hyades - were their sisters. Together they tell us that the saints will be - secure with this mighty Lord when he comes to rule. - - 60 The Pleiades and Hyades are sometimes spoken of as constellations, - but this is a mistake; they are integral parts of Taurus. - - 61 See Jer. xxx. 21; and Matt. xxi. 10. - - 62 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the belt) is called _Mintaka_, _dividing_, as a - sacrifice. (Lev. viii. 2.) - - 63 Note, that-- - - In a and _a_, we have the rising of Israel; - In b and _b_, the light that is come upon her; - In c and _c_, the glory of the LORD; and - In d and _d_, the darkness of the world. - - 64 It is also reckoned in the horn of Taurus. - - 65 The same as in 2 Sam. iv. 1. - - 66 Our English "Sir" is derived from this word. - - 67 _Euphratean Stellar Researches_. - - 68 Marg., "_the captives of the just_," or, as read by _the Vulg._ and - _Syr._, "_the captives of the terrible_." - - 69 The Scarabus, passing its early existence as a worm of the earth, - and thence issuing as a winged denizen of heaven, was held sacred by - the Egyptians as an emblem of the resurrection of the body. - - 70 The _Ass_ was the emblem of _Typhon_, the king _who smites_ or _is - smitten_. - - 71 The word is so rendered in Judges v. 16, in A.V. - - 72 _Euphratean Stellar Researches_, pp. 8, 9. - - 73 The Grco-Judean equivalent of Joshua or Jesus. - - 74 Jamieson's _Scientific Display_, &c., p. 58. - - 75 (1) _Gor_, a lion's whelp. (2) _Ciphir_, a young lion when first - hunting for himself. (3) _Sachal_, a mature lion in full strength. - (4) _Laish_, a fierce lion. (5) _Labia_, a lioness; and (6) _Arieh_, - an adult lion, having paired, in search of his prey (Nah. ii. 12; 2 - Sam. xvii. 10; Num. xxiii. 24). - - 76 The passage consists really of two members, each of which is - arranged as an introversion, where the subject of 1 corresponds to - 7; 2 corresponds to 6; etc. - - 77 General Vallancey spells _Saros_ {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~}, which amounts to 666 by - Gematria! _Viz._, {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~} = 300 + {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~} = 70 + {~HEBREW LETTER RESH~} = 200 + {~HEBREW LETTER VAV~} = 6 + {~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~} = 90 = 666. - - 78 These facts are kindly supplied by Mr. E. W. Maunder, of the Royal - Observatory, Greenwich, who gives another example, as follows:-- - - In A.D. 586 there were two solar eclipses: on June 22 (Julian) the - old and dying eclipse, and on July 22 (Julian) another (the new - one). A _Saros_ (_viz._, 18 years and 11 days) earlier _there was - only one_, _viz._ on June 11 (Julian), A.D. 568, there being no - eclipse on July 11 of that year. - - The last appearance of this new eclipse, which first appeared on - July 22, 586, was on August 28 (Greg.), 1848, so that it had a life - history of 70 _Sari_, amounting to 1,262 years 36 days (after the - Julian dates have been corrected to correspond to the Gregorian). - Thus the eclipse that died, so to speak, on August 28 (Greg.), 1848, - first appeared on July 22 (Julian) in A.D. 586. See an important - article on Eclipses by Mr. E. W. Maunder in _Knowledge_, for October - 1893, where other _life-histories_ of eclipses are given, and the - whole subject of eclipses clearly explained. - - 79 The relations between 595 years and 1,262 years 36 days, are the - same as the relations between 594 years and 1,260 years. The - difference of the 2 years 36 days is due to the excess of 10.96 days - over the 18 completed years in each _Saros._ - - 80 This is the date which concerns only the _City of Jerusalem_. The - Romans were not completely driven out from _the land_ until Csarea - had fallen in 638, when the conquest was finally completed. See - Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_. - - 81 This date 636-7 is a great and important central date, whether we - reckon backwards or forwards; whether we reckon them as _Lunar_, - _Zodiacal_ (360 days), or _Solar_ (365 days) years. - - (1.) If we take _Lunar years_ (= 1222-1/2 Solar)-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_, we get to 587 B.C., the very date of the - destruction of the Temple by Nebuchadnezzar. - - (b.) reckoning _forward_, we get to 1860 A.D., the very date of the - European intervention in the Lebanon, which has brought the Eastern - Question into its present prominent position. - - (2.) If we take _Zodiacal years_ (= 1242 Solar)-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_ we get to 608 B.C., the date of the battle - of Carchemish (2 Chron. xxxv. 20), when Babylon completed the - conquest of Assyria, and became supreme; utterly shattering all the - hope which Israel had in Egypt. - - (b.) reckoning _forward_ brings us to 1879 A.D., when, by the Treaty - of Berlin, Ottoman power received a blow from which it has never - recovered, and which has prepared the way for its extinction. - - (3.) If we take _Solar years_, then-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_, we get to B.C. 624 (A.M. 3376), the - beginning of the Babylonian kingdom, the "head of gold." - - (b.) reckoning _forward_ we get to 1896-7 A.D., which is yet future. - - These reckonings in their _beginnings_ and _endings_ form an - _introversion_, or _Epanodos_, thus:-- - - 587 B.C. ... 606 B.C. ... 624 B.C. ... dates increasing. - - 1860 A.D. ... 1879 A.D. ... 1896-7 A.D. ... dates increasing. - - The _Solar_ reckonings are the more important dates; the _Lunar_ are - next in significance; while _Zodiacal_ reckonings furnish us with - dates which, to say the least, fit neatly into their places. - - 82 These dates are those furnished by the Monuments, as given by Dr. - Budge, of the British Museum, in his _Babylonian Life and History_, - R.T.S., 1885. They also agree with the dates dug up by Sir Henry - Rawlinson in 1862, consisting of fragments of seven copies of the - famous "Eponym Canon of Assyria," by which the Assyrian chronology - has been definitely settled. Before this, historians had to be - content with inferences and conjectures. - - 83 In adjusting the A.M. and B.C. dates, the latter are always - apparently one year in advance of the former, because B.C. 4000 was - A.M. 1, and B.C. 3999 was A.M. 2. Hence A.M. 3376 is not B.C. 624, - but it is B.C. 625. - - 84 Cyrus took Babylon, according to the Monuments, in the 17th year of - Nabonidus, B.C. 539. 1 Maccabees i. begins the first of Alexander - from the death of Darius Codomannus in A.M. 3672. This would - slightly vary the above distribution of the years of separate - duration. - - 85 In passing from B.C. dates to A.D. dates, _one year must always be - deducted_, _e.g._, from B.C. 2 to A.D. 2 is only _three_ years, not - four! Thus-- - - From Jan. 1 B.C. 2 to Jan. 1 B.C. 1 is one year. - - From Jan. 1 B.C. 1 to Jan. 1 A.D. 1 is one year. - - From Jan. 1 A.D. 1 to Jan. 1 A.D. 2 is one year. - - These make only _three_ years. - - Hence, B.C. 31 to A.D. 636 is 666 years, not 667. - - 86 While the _premisses_ of the Historicist school are thus - strengthened, their _conclusions_ are shown to be erroneous. - - 87 And cause sacrifice and oblation to cease (Dan. ix. 27). We know - that is referred, by historicists, to the Messiah. But they are not - entitled to so interpret this passage unless they take with it viii. - 11, xi. 31, and xii. 11, where the same event is distinctly referred - to, and is spoken, not of Christ, but of Antichrist. - - 88 See ARATOS, line 440. - - 89 As proved by Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., in his _Remarks on the - Euphratean Astronomical Names of the Signs of the Zodiac_ (p. 16). - - 90 By the kind permission of Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., _The Celestial - Equator of Aratos_, p. 466. - - 91 See this shown on the cover of this book. - - 92 Menant, _Empreintes de Cachets Assyro-Chaldens_, 9. "Sur un contrat - dat du 8 Tisri, de l'anne de Bin-takkil-ani, 690 ou 645 avant - J.C." - - 93 _Researches on the Euphratean Astronomical Names of the Signs of the - Zodiac_, p. 17. - - 94 In _Georgica_, i. 33. - - 95 AP PETAVIUS, _Uranologion_, 168, "_The claws, called by the - Egyptians Zugon_," _i.e._, _the yoke_ that joins any two things - together. - - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WITNESS OF THE STARS*** - - - -CREDITS - - -May 21, 2015 - - Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1 - Produced by David Garcia, Jeff G., David King, and the Online - Distributed Proofreading Team at <http://www.pgdp.net/>. - - - -A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG - - -This file should be named 49018-8.txt or 49018-8.zip. - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - - - http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/9/0/1/49018/ - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one -- the old editions will be -renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law -means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the -Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States -without permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/old/49018-8.zip b/old/49018-8.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 21ca648..0000000 --- a/old/49018-8.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/49018.txt b/old/49018.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9371f0c..0000000 --- a/old/49018.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7707 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Witness of the Stars by Ethelbert -William Bullinger - - - -This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -http://www.gutenberg.org/license. If you are not located in the United -States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located -before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The Witness of the Stars - -Author: Ethelbert William Bullinger - -Release Date: May 21, 2015 [Ebook #49018] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: US-ASCII - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WITNESS OF THE STARS*** - - - - - - The Witness of the Stars - - By The - - Rev. Ethelbert William Bullinger, D.D. - - "_HE telleth the number of the stars;_ - _He giveth them all their names._" (Ps. cxlvii. 4. R.V.) - - Published by the Author - - London - - 1893 - - - - - -CONTENTS - - -Preface. -Introduction. -The First Book. The Redeemer. - Chapter I. The Sign VIRGO. - 1. COMA (The Woman and Child). - 2. CENTAURUS (The Centaur). - 3. BOOeTES (The Coming One). - Chapter II. The Sign LIBRA. - 1. CRUX (The Cross). - 2. LUPUS or VICTIMA (The Victim). - 3. CORONA (The Crown). - Chapter III. The Sign SCORPIO. - 1 and 2. SERPENS and OPHIUCHUS. - 3. HERCULES (The Mighty Man). - Chapter IV. The Sign SAGITTARIUS. - 1. LYRA (The Harp). - 2. ARA (The Altar). - 3. DRACO (The Dragon). -The Second Book. The Redeemed. - Chapter I. The Sign CAPRICORNUS (The Sea Goat). - 1. SAGITTA (The Arrow). - 2. AQUILA (The Eagle). - 3. DELPHINUS (The Dolphin). - Chapter II. The Sign AQUARIUS (The Water Bearer). - 1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (The Southern Fish). - 2. PEGASUS (The Winged Horse). - 3. CYGNUS (The Swan). - Chapter III. The Sign PISCES (The Fishes). - 1. THE BAND. - 2. ANDROMEDA (The Chained Woman). - 3. CEPHEUS (The King). - Chapter IV. The Sign ARIES (The Ram or Lamb). - 1. CASSIOPEIA (The Enthroned Woman). - 2. CETUS (The Sea Monster). - 3. PERSEUS ("The Breaker.") -The Third Book. The Redeemer. - Chapter I. The Sign TAURUS (The Bull). - 1. ORION (The Coming Prince). - 2. ERIDANUS (The River of the Judge). - 3. AURIGA (The Shepherd). - Chapter II. The Sign GEMINI (The Twins). - 1. LEPUS (the Hare), THE ENEMY. - 2. CANIS MAJOR (The Dog), or SIRIUS (The Prince). - 3. CANIS MINOR (The Second Dog). - Chapter III. The Sign CANCER (The Crab). - 1. URSA MINOR (The Little Bear). - 2. URSA MAJOR (The Great Bear). - 3. ARGO (The Ship). - Chapter IV. The Sign LEO (The Lion). - 1. HYDRA (The Serpent). - 2. CRATER (The Cup). - 3. CORVUS (The Raven). -Summary. -"For Signs And For Seasons." -Appendix. Note on the Sign LIBRA. -Footnotes - - - - - - - [Cover Art] - - - - - -[Transcribers Note: This e-book contains countless special symbols, and -characters from uncommon character sets. If you see unrenderable -characters, you may need to change to a font that has the needed Unicode -blocks. It uses these uncommon character sets: Greek (Unicode U+0370 -through U+03FF), Greek Extended (U+1F00 through U+1FFF), Hebrew (U+0590 -through U+05FF), and Miscellaneous Symbols (U+2600 through U+26FF). Hebrew -pointings and Greek markings are as provided in the original book, and -some differ from the usual pointings and markings for those words.] - - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Some years ago it was my privilege to enjoy the acquaintance of Miss -Frances Rolleston, of Keswick, and to carry on a correspondence with her -with respect to her work, _Mazzaroth: or, the Constellations_. She was the -first to create an interest in this important subject. Since then Dr. -Seiss, of Philadelphia, has endeavoured to popularize her work on the -other side of the Atlantic; and brief references have been made to the -subject in such books as _Moses and Geology_, by Dr. Kinns, and in -_Primeval Man_; but it was felt, for many reasons, that it was desirable -to make another effort to set forth, in a more complete form, the _witness -of the stars to prophetic truth_, so necessary in these last days. - -To the late Miss Rolleston, however, belongs the honour of collecting a -mass of information bearing on this subject; but, published as it was, -chiefly in the form of _notes_, unarranged and unindexed, it was suited -only for, but was most valuable to, the student. She it was who performed -the drudgery of collecting the facts presented by Albumazer, the Arab -astronomer to the Caliphs of Grenada, 850 A.D.; and the Tables drawn up by -Ulugh Beigh, the Tartar prince and astronomer, about 1450 A.D., who gives -the Arabian Astronomy as it had come down from the earliest times. - -Modern astronomers have preserved, and still have in common use, the -ancient names of over a hundred of the principal stars which have been -handed down; but now these names are used merely as a convenience, and -without any reference to their significance. - -This work is an attempt to popularize this ancient information, and to use -it in the interests of truth. - -For the ancient astronomical facts and the names, with their -signification, I am, from the very nature of the case, indebted, of -course, to all who have preserved, collected, and handed them down; but -for their interpretation I am alone responsible. - -It is for the readers to judge how far my conclusions are borne out by the -evidence; and how far the foundation of our hopes of coming glory are -strengthened by the prophecies which have been written in the stars of -heaven, as well as in the Scriptures of truth. - -For the illustrations I am greatly indebted to Jamieson's _Celestial -Atlas_, 1820; Flammarion's _L'Etoiles_; Sir John W. Lubbock's _Stars in -Six Maps_, 1883; and to the late Mr. Edward J. Cooper's _Egyptian -Scenery_, 1820. For the general presentation and arrangement of the -Constellations I am responsible, while for the drawings my thanks are due -to my friend Miss Amy Manson. - -It is the possession of "that blessed hope" of Christ's speedy return from -Heaven which will give true interest in the great subject of this book. - -No one can dispute the antiquity of the Signs of the Zodiac, or of the -Constellations. No one can question the accuracy of the ancient star-names -which have come down to us, for they are still preserved in every good -celestial atlas. And we hope that no one will be able to resist the -cumulative evidence that, apart from God's grace in Christ there is no -hope for sinners now: and apart from God's glory, as it will be manifested -in the return of Christ from Heaven, there is no hope for the Church, no -hope for Israel, no hope for the world, no hope for a groaning creation. -In spite of all the vaunted promises of a religious World, and of a -worldly Church, to remove the effects of the curse by a Social Gospel of -Sanitation, we are more and more shut up to the prophecy of Gen. iii. 15, -which we wait and long to see fulfilled in Christ as our only hope. This -is beautifully expressed by the late Dr. William Leask:-- - - - And is there none before? No perfect peace - Unbroken by the storms and cares of life, - Until the time of waiting for Him cease, - By His appearing to destroy the strife? - No, none before. - - Do we not hear that through the flag of grace - By faithful messengers of God unfurled, - All men will be converted, and the place - Of man's rebellion be a holy world? - Yes, so we hear. - - Is it not true that to the Church is given - The holy honour of dispelling night, - And bringing back the human race to heaven, - By kindling everywhere the Gospel light? - It is not true. - - Is this the hope--that Christ the Lord will come, - In all the glory of His royal right, - Redeemer and Avenger, taking home - His saints, and crushing the usurper's might? - This is the hope. - - -May the God of all grace accept and bless this effort to show forth His -glory, and use it to strengthen His people in waiting for His Son from -Heaven, even Jesus which delivered us from the wrath to come. - -Ethelbert W. Bullinger. - -_August 31st, 1893._ - - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -For more than two thousand five hundred years the world was without a -written revelation from God. The question is, Did God leave Himself -without a witness? The question is answered very positively by the written -Word that He did not. In Rom. i. 19 it is declared that, "that which may -be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath showed it unto them. For -the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world are clearly -seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power -and Godhead; so that they are without excuse." But how was God known? How -were His "invisible things," _i.e._, His plans, His purposes, and His -counsels, known since the creation of the world? We are told by the Holy -Spirit in Rom. x. 18. Having stated in _v._ 17 that "Faith cometh by -hearing and hearing by the Word ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _the thing spoken_, _sayings_) of -God," He asks, "But I say, Have they not heard? Yes, verily." And we may -ask, How have they heard? The answer follows--"Their sound went into all -the earth ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}) and their words ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _their teaching_, _message_, -_instruction_) unto the ends of the world ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~})." What words? What -instruction? Whose message? Whose teaching? There is only one answer, and -that is, THE HEAVENS! This is settled by the fact that the passage is -quoted from Ps. xix., the first part of which is occupied with the -Revelation of God written in _the Heavens_, and the latter part with the -Revelation of God written in the _Word_. - -This is the simple explanation of this beautiful Psalm. This is why its -two subjects are brought together. It has often perplexed many why there -should be that abrupt departure in verse 7--"The law of the Lord is -perfect, converting the soul." The fact is, there is nothing abrupt in it, -and it is no departure. It is simply the transition to the second of the -two great Revelations which are thus placed in juxtaposition. The first is -the Revelation of the Creator, _El_, {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, in His _works_, while the second -is the Revelation of the Covenant Jehovah, {~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, in His _Word_. And it -is noteworthy that while in the first half of the Psalm, _El_ is named -only once, in the latter half _Jehovah_ is named _seven_ times, the last -being threefold (Jehovah, Rock, and Redeemer), concluding the Psalm. - -Let us then turn to Ps. xix., and note first-- - - - - -The Structure(1) of the Psalm as a whole. - - - A | 1-4-. The Heavens. - B | -4-6. "In them" ({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}) the Sun. - A | 7-10. The Scriptures. - B | 11-14. "In them" ({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}) Thy Servant. - - -In the _Key to the Psalms_, p. 17, it is pointed out that the terms -employed in _A_ and _B_ are _astronomical_,(2) while in A and B they are -_literary_. Thus the two parts are significantly connected and united. - -Ewald and others imagine that this Psalm is made up of two fragments of -separate Psalms composed at different periods and brought together by a -later editor! - -But this is disproved not only by what has been said concerning the -structure of the Psalm as a whole, and the interlacing of the astronomical -and the literary terms in the two parts, but it is also shown by more -minute details. - -Each half consists of two portions which correspond the one to the other, -A answering to _A_, and B to _B_. Moreover, each half, as well as each -corresponding member, consists of the same number of lines; those in the -first half being, by the _caesura_, short, while those in the last half are -long (or double). - - - A | 1-4-. Eight lines - B | -4-6. Six lines - _A_ | 7-10. Eight lines - _B_ | 11-14. Six lines - - -If we confine ourselves to the first half of the Psalm(3) (A and B, verses -1-6), with which we are now alone concerned, we see a still more minute -proof of Divine order and perfection. - - - - -The Structure of A and B. - - - A & B | C | 1. The heavens. - | D | 2. Their testimony: incessant. (Pos.) - | E | 3. Their words inaudible. (Neg.) - | _D_ | 4-. Their testimony: universal. (Pos.) - | _C_ | -4-6. The heavens. - - -Here we have an _introversion_, in which the extremes (C and _C_) are -occupied with the _heavens_; while the means (D, E and _D_) are occupied -with their testimony. - -The following is the full expansion of the above, with original -emendations which preserve the _order_ of the Hebrew words and thus -indicate the nature of the structure:-- - - - C | a | The heavens - b | are telling(4) - c | the glory(5) of God: - _c_ | and the work of his hands - _b_ | is setting forth(6) - _a_ | the firmament. - D | d | Day after day(7) - e | uttereth(8) speech, - _d_ | And night after night - _e_ | sheweth knowledge. - E | f | There is no speech (what is articulate) - g | and there are no words (what is audible); - _g_ | and without being audible, - _f_ | is their voice (what is articulate). - _D_ | h | Into all the earth (as created) - i | is their line(9) gone forth; - _h_ | And into the ends of the world (as inhabited) - _i_ | Their sayings. - C | j | For the sun He hath set a tent (an abode) in them; - _k_ | l | and he as a bridegroom (comparison) - m | is going forth from his canopy, (motion: its rising) - _l_ | he rejoiceth as a mighty one (comparison) - _m_ | to run his course. (Motion: its rapid course.) - _k_ | n | from the end of the heavens (egress) - o | is his going forth (egress) - _o_ | and his revolution (regress) - _n_ | unto their ends (regress): - _j_ | and there is nothing hid from his heat (_i.e._, from - him)(10) - - -Surely there is something more referred to here than a mere wonder excited -by the works of the Creator! When we read the whole passage and mark its -structure, and note the words employed, we are emphatically told that the -heavens contain a revelation from God; they prophesy, they show knowledge, -they tell of God's glory, and set forth His purposes and counsels. - -It is a remarkable fact that it is in the Book of Job, which is generally -allowed to be the oldest book in the Bible,(11) if not in the world, that -we have references to this Stellar Revelation. This would be at least -2,000 years before Christ. In that book the signs of the Zodiac and the -names of several stars and constellations are mentioned, as being ancient -and well-known. - -In Isa. xl. 26 (R.V.) we read:-- - - - "Lift up your eyes on high, - And see who hath created these, - That bringeth out their host by number: - He calleth them all by name; - By the greatness of His might, - And for that He is strong in power, - Not one is lacking." - - -We have the same evidence in Psalm cxlvii. 4. (R.V.) - - - "He telleth the number of the stars; - He giveth them all their names." - - -Here is a distinct and Divine declaration that the great Creator both -_numbered_ as well as _named_ the stars of Heaven. - -The question is, Has he revealed any of these names? Have any of them been -handed down to us? - -The answer is Yes; and that in the Bible itself we have the names (so -ancient that their meaning is a little obscure) of _Ash_ ({~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}, a name -still connected with the Great Bear), _Cesil_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}), and _Cimah_ -({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}). - -They occur in Job ix. 9: "Which maketh Arcturus (R.V. _the Bear_), Orion, -and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south." (Marg., Heb., _Ash_, -_Cesil_, and _Cimah_.) - -Job xxxviii. 31, 32: "Canst thou bind the sweet influences (R.V. cluster) -of the Pleiades (marg., _the __ seven stars_, Heb. _Cimah_), or loose the -bands of Orion (marg. Heb. _Cesil_)? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth -(marg., _the twelve signs_. R.V., 'the twelve signs': and marg., _the -signs of the Zodiac_) in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his -sons (R.V., the Bear with her train; and marg., Heb., _sons_)."(12) - -Isa. xiii. 10: ... "The stars of heaven and the constellations thereof." -... - -Amos v. 8: "Seek him that maketh the seven stars (R.V., the Pleiades) and -Orion." - -Then we have the term "Mazzaroth," Job xxxviii. 32, and "Mazzaloth," 2 -Kings xxiii. 5. The former in both versions is referred to the Twelve -Signs of the Zodiac, while the latter is rendered "planets," and in -margin, _the twelve signs or constellations_. - -Others are referred to by name. The sign of "Gemini," or the Twins, is -given as the name of a ship: Acts xxviii. 11, {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}, (_i.e._ Castor & -Pollux). - -Most commentators agree that the constellation of "Draco," or the Dragon -(between the Great and Little Bear), is referred to in Job xxvi. 13: "By -His Spirit He hath garnished the heavens; His hand hath formed the crooked -serpent (R.V. swift. Marg. _fleeing_ or _gliding_. See Is. xxvii. 1; -xliii. 14)." This word "garnished" is peculiar. The R.V. puts in the -margin, _beauty_. In Ps. xvi. 6, it is rendered _goodly_. "I have a goodly -heritage." In Dan. iv. 2, it is rendered, "I thought it good to show," -referring to "the signs and wonders" with which God had visited -Nebuchadnezzar. It appears from this that God "_thought it good to show_" -by these signs written in the heavens the wonders of His purposes and -counsels, and it was by His Spirit that He made it known; it was His hand -that _coiled_ ({~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}) the crooked serpent among the stars of heaven. - -Thus we see that the Scriptures are not silent as to the great antiquity -of the signs and constellations. - -If we turn to history and tradition, we are at once met with the fact that -the Twelve Signs are the same, both as to the meaning of their names and -as to their order _in all the ancient nations of the world_. The Chinese, -Chaldean, and Egyptian records go back to more than 2,000 years B.C. -Indeed, the Zodiacs in the Temples of Denderah and Esneh, in Egypt, are -doubtless copies of Zodiacs still more ancient, which, from internal -evidence, must be placed nearly 4,000 B.C., when the summer solstice was -in Leo. - -Josephus hands down to us what he gives as the traditions of his own -nation, corroborated by his reference to eight ancient Gentile -authorities, whose works are lost. He says that they all assert that "God -gave the antediluvians such long life that they might perfect those things -which they had invented in astronomy." Cassini commences his _History of -Astronomy_ by saying "It is impossible to doubt that astronomy was -invented from the beginning of the world; history, profane as well as -sacred, testifies to this truth." Nouet, a French astronomer, infers that -the Egyptian Astronomy must have arisen 5,400 B.C.! - -Ancient Persian and Arabian traditions ascribe its invention to Adam, -Seth, and Enoch. Josephus asserts that it originated in the family of -Seth; and he says that the children of Seth, and especially Adam, Seth, -and Enoch, that their revelation might not be lost as to the two coming -judgments of Water and Fire, made two pillars (one of brick, the other of -stone), describing the whole of the predictions of the stars upon them, -and in case the brick pillar should be destroyed by the flood, the stone -would preserve the revelation (Book i. chs. 1-3). - -This is what is doubtless meant by Gen. xi. 4, "And they said, Go to, let -us build us a city and a tower whose top _may reach_ unto heaven." The -words "_may reach_" are in italics. There is nothing in the verse which -relates to the height of this tower. It merely says {~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~} {~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}, -_and his top with the heavens_, _i.e._ with the pictures and the stars, -just as we find them in the ancient temples of Denderah and Esneh in -Egypt. This tower, with its planisphere and pictures of the signs and -constellations, was to be erected like those temples were afterwards, in -order to preserve the revelation, "lest we be scattered abroad upon the -face of the whole earth." - -This is corroborated by Lieut.-Gen. Chesney, well known for his learned -researches and excavations among the ruins of Babylon, who, after -describing his various discoveries, says,(13) "About five miles S.W. of -Hillah, the most remarkable of all the ruins, the _Birs Nimroud_ of the -Arabs, rises to a height of 153 feet above the plain from a base covering -a square of 400 feet, or almost four acres. It was constructed of kiln- -dried bricks in seven stages to correspond with the planets to which they -were dedicated: the lowermost black, the colour of Saturn; the next -orange, for Jupiter; the third red, for Mars; and so on.(14) These stages -were surmounted by a lofty tower on the summit of which, we are told, were -the signs of the Zodiac and other astronomical figures; thus having (as it -should have been translated) _a representation of the heavens_, instead of -'a top which reached unto heaven.' " - -This Biblical evidence carries us at once right back to the Flood, or -about 2,500 years B.C. - -This tower or temple, or both, was also called "_The Seven Spheres_," -according to some; and "The Seven Lights," according to others. It is thus -clear that the popular idea of its height and purpose must be abandoned, -and its astronomical reference to revelation must be admitted. The tower -was an attempt to preserve and hand down the antediluvian traditions; -their sin was in keeping together instead of scattering themselves over -the earth. - -Another important statement is made by Dr. Budge, of the British -Museum.(15) He says, "It must never be forgotten that the Babylonians were -a nation of star-gazers, and that they kept a body of men to do nothing -else but report eclipses, appearances of the moon, sun-spots, etc., etc." - -"Astronomy, mixed with astrology, occupied a large number of tablets in -the Babylonian libraries, and Isaiah, xlvii. 13, refers to this when he -says to Babylon, 'Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels. Let -now thy astrologers (marg. _viewers of the heavens_), the star-gazers, the -monthly prognosticators stand up.' The largest astrological work of the -Babylonians contained seventy tablets, and was compiled by the command of -Sargon of Agade thirty-eight hundred years before Christ! It was called -the 'Illumination of Bel.' " - -"Their observations were made in towers called 'ziggurats' " (p. 106). - -"They built observatories in all the great cities, and reports like the -above [which Dr. Budge gives in full] were regularly sent to the King" (p. -110). - -"They were able to calculate eclipses, and had long lists of them." "They -found out that the sun was spotted, and they knew of comets." "They were -the inventors of the Zodiac" (?). There are fragments of two (ancient -Babylonian) planispheres in the British Museum with figures and -calculations inscribed upon them. "The months were called after the signs -of the Zodiac" (p. 109). - -We may form some idea of what this "representation of the heavens" was -from the fifth "Creation Tablet," now in the British Museum. It reads as -follows:-- - - - "Anu [_the Creator_] made excellent the mansions [_i.e._ _the - celestial houses_] of the great gods [twelve] in number [_i.e._ - _the twelve signs or mansions of the sun_]. - - The stars he placed in them. The lumasi [_i.e._ _groups of stars - or figures_] he fixed. - - He arranged the year according to the bounds [_i.e._ _the twelve - signs_] which he defined. - - For each of the twelve months three rows of stars [_i.e._ - _constellations_] he fixed. - - From the day when the year issues forth unto the close, he marked - the mansions [_i.e._ _the Zodiacal Signs_] of the wandering stars - [_i.e._ _planets_] to know their courses that they might not err - or deflect at all." - - -Coming down to less ancient records: EUDOXOS, an astronomer of Cnidus (403 -to 350 B.C.), wrote a work on Astronomy which he called _Phainomena_. -ANTIGONUS GONATAS, King of Macedonia (273-239 B.C.), requested the Poet -ARATUS to put the work of EUDOXUS into the form of a poem, which he did -about the year 270 B.C. ARATUS called his work _Diosemeia (the Divine -Signs)_. He was a native of Tarsus, and it is interesting for us to note -that his poem was known to, and, indeed, must have been read by, the -Apostle Paul, for he quotes it in his address at Athens on Mars' Hill. He -says (Acts xvii. 28), "For in Him we live, and move, and have our being; -as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his -offspring."(16) Several translations of this poem have been made, both by -CICERO and others, into Latin, and in recent times into English by E. -Poste, J. Lamb, and others. The following is the opening from the -translation of Robert Brown, jun.:-- - - - "From Zeus we lead the strain; he whom mankind - Ne'er leave unhymned: of Zeus all public ways, - All haunts of men, are full; and full the sea, - And harbours; and of Zeus all stand in need. - _We are his offspring_:(17) and he, ever good and mild to man, - Gives favouring signs, and rouses us to toil. - Calling to mind life's wants: when clods are best - For plough and mattock: when the time is ripe - For planting vines and sowing seeds, he tells, - Since he himself hath fixed in heaven these Signs, - The stars dividing: and throughout the year - Stars he provides to indicate to man - The seasons' course, that all things duly grow," etc., etc. - - -Then ARATUS proceeds to describe and explain all the Signs and -Constellations as the Greeks in his day understood, or rather -misunderstood, them, after their true meaning and testimony had been -forgotten. - -Moreover, ARATUS describes them, not as they were seen in his day, but as -they were seen some 4,000 years before. The stars were not seen from -Tarsus as he describes them, and he must therefore have written from a -then ancient Zodiac. For notwithstanding that we speak of "fixed stars," -there is a constant, though slow, change taking place amongst them. There -is also another change taking place owing to the slow recession of the -pole of the heavens (about 50" in the year); so that while _Alpha_ in the -constellation of _Draco_ was the Polar Star when the Zodiac was first -formed, the Polar Star is now _Alpha_ in what is called _Ursa Minor_. This -change alone carries us back at least 5,000 years. The same movement which -has changed the relative position of these two stars has also caused the -constellation of the _Southern Cross_ to become invisible in northern -latitudes. When the constellations were formed the _Southern Cross_ was -visible in N. latitude 40 deg., and was included in their number. But, though -known by tradition, it had not been seen in that latitude for some twenty -centuries, until the Cape of Good Hope had been discovered. Then was seen -again _The Southern Cross_ depicted by the Patriarchs. Here is another -indisputable proof as to the antiquity of the formation of the Zodiac. - -PTOLEMY (150 A.D.) transmits them from HIPPARCHUS (130 B.C.) "as of -unquestioned authority, unknown origin, and unsearchable antiquity." - -Sir William Drummond says that "the traditions of the Chaldean Astronomy -seem the fragments of a mighty system fallen into ruins." - -The word _Zodiac_ itself is from the Greek {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, which is not from -{~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}, _to live_, but from a primitive root through the Hebrew _Sodi_, which -in Sanscrit means _a way_. Its etymology has no connection with _living -creatures_, but denotes _a way_, or _step_, and is used of the _way_ or -_path_ in which the sun appears to move amongst the stars in the course of -the year. - -To an observer on the earth the whole firmament, together with the sun, -appears to revolve in a circle once in twenty-four hours. But the time -occupied by the stars in going round, differs from the time occupied by -the sun. This difference amounts to about one-twelfth part of the whole -circle in each month, so that when the circle of the heavens is divided up -into twelve parts, the sun appears to move each month through one of them. -This path which the sun thus makes amongst the stars is called the -_Ecliptic_.(18) - -Each of these twelve parts (consisting each of about 30 degrees) is -distinguished, not by numbers or by letters, but by pictures and names, -and this, as we have seen, from the very earliest times. They are -preserved to the present day in our almanacs, and we are taught their -order in the familiar rhymes:-- - - - "The RAM, the BULL, the heavenly TWINS, - And next the CRAB, the LION shines, - The VIRGIN and the SCALES; - The SCORPION, ARCHER, and SEA-GOAT, - The MAN that carries the Water-pot, - And FISH with glittering scales." - - -These signs have always and everywhere been preserved in this order, and -have begun with ARIES. They have been known amongst all nations, and in -all ages, thus proving their common origin from one source. - -The figures themselves are perfectly arbitrary. There is nothing in the -groups of stars to even suggest the figures. This is the first thing which -is noticed by every one who looks at the constellations. Take for example -the sign of VIRGO, and look at the stars. There is nothing whatever to -suggest a human form; still less is there anything to show whether that -form is a man or a woman. And so with all the others. - -The _picture_, therefore, is the original, and must have been drawn around -or connected with certain stars, simply in order that it might be -identified and associated with them; and that it might thus be remembered -and handed down to posterity. - -There can be no doubt, as the learned Authoress of _Mazzaroth_ -conclusively proves, that these signs were afterwards identified with the -twelve sons of Jacob. Joseph sees the sun and moon and eleven stars bowing -down to him, he himself being the twelfth (Gen. xxxvii. 9). The blessing -of Jacob (Gen. xlix.) and the blessing of Moses (Deut. xxxiii.) both bear -witness to the existence of these signs in their day. And it is more than -probable that each of the Twelve Tribes bore one of them on its standard. -We read in Num. ii. 2, "Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by -his own STANDARD, with the ENSIGN of their father's house" (R.V. "with the -ensigns of their fathers' houses"). This "Standard" was the _Degel_ -({~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER GIMEL~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}) on which the "Sign" ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _Oth_) was depicted. Hence it was -called the "_En-sign_." Ancient Jewish authorities declare that each tribe -had one of the signs as its own, and it is highly probable, even from -Scripture, that four of the tribes carried its "Sign"; and that these four -were placed at the four sides of the camp. - -If the Lion were appropriated to Judah, then the other three would be thus -fixed, and would be the same four that equally divide the Zodiac at its -four cardinal points. According to Num. ii. the camp was thus formed:-- - - - In the North, from North-West to North-East: - ASHER (_Sagittarius_). - DAN, The Scorpion (_Scorpio_). - NEPHTALI (_Capricornus_). - In the East, from North-East to South-East: - ISSACHAR (_Cancer_). - JUDAH, The Lion (_Leo_). - ZEBULON (_Virgo_). - In the South, from South-East to South-West: - SIMEON (_Pisces_). - REUBEN, The Man (_Aquarius_). - GAD (_Aries_). - In the West, from South-West to North-West: - EPHRAIM and MANASSEH, The Bull (the two horns of _Taurus_). - BENJAMIN (_Gemini_). - In the Center: - LEVI, The Scales (_Libra_). - - -If the reader compares the above with the blessings of Israel and Moses, -and compares the meanings and descriptions given below with those -blessings, the connection will be clearly seen. Levi, for example, had no -standard, and he needed none, for he kept "the balance of the Sanctuary," -and had the charge of that brazen altar on which the atoning blood -outweighed the nation's sins. - -The four great signs which thus marked the four sides of the camp, and the -four quarters of the Zodiac, are the same four which form the Cherubim -(the Eagle, the Scorpion's enemy, being substituted for the Scorpion). The -Cherubim thus form a compendious expression of the hope of Creation, -which, from the very first, has been bound up with the Coming One, who -alone should cause its groanings to cease. - -But this brings us to the Signs themselves and their interpretation. - -These pictures were designed to preserve, expound, and perpetuate the one -first great promise and prophecy of Gen. iii. 15, that all hope for Man, -all hope for Creation, was bound up in _a coming Redeemer_; One who should -be born of a woman; who should first suffer, and afterwards gloriously -triumph; One who should first be wounded by that great enemy who was the -cause of all sin and sorrow and death, but who should finally crush the -head of "that Old Serpent the Devil." - -These ancient star-pictures reveal this Coming One. They set forth "the -sufferings of Christ and the glory that should follow." Altogether there -are forty-eight of them, made up of twelve SIGNS, each sign containing -three CONSTELLATIONS. - -These may be divided into _three_ great books, each book containing four -chapters (or Signs); and each chapter containing three sections (or -Constellations). - -Each book (like the four Gospels) sets forth its peculiar aspect of the -Coming One; beginning with the promise of His coming, and ending with the -destruction of the enemy. - -But where are we to _begin_ to read this wondrous Heavenly Scroll? A -circle has proverbially neither beginning nor end. In what order then are -we to consider these signs? In the heavens they form a never-ending -circle. Where is the beginning and where is the end of this circle through -which the sun is constantly moving? Where are we to break into this -circle? and say, _This is the commencement_. It is clear that unless we -can determine this original starting point we can never read this wondrous -book aright. - -As I have said, the popular beginning to-day is with ARIES, _the_ Ram. But -comparing this Revelation with that which was afterwards written "in the -Volume of the Book," VIRGO is the only point where we can intelligently -begin, and LEO is the only point where we can logically conclude. Is not -this what is spoken of as the unknown and insoluble mystery--"The riddle of -the SPHINX"? The word "Sphinx" is from {~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}, _to bind closely together_. -It was therefore designed to show where the two ends of the Zodiac were to -be joined together, and where the great circle of the heavens begins and -ends. - - [Ceiling of Portico of Temple of Esneh] - - Signs of Leo and Virgo, from the ceiling of the Portico of the Temple of - Esneh, showing the Sphinx between, uniting the beginning and end of the - Zodiac. - - -The SPHINX is a figure with the _head of a woman_ and the _body of a -lion_! What is this but a never-ceasing monitor, telling us to begin with -_Virgo_ and to end with _Leo_! In the Zodiac in the Temple of Esneh, in -Egypt, a Sphinx is actually placed between the Signs of Virgo and Leo, as -shown in the illustration on the preceding page. It is a tracing from the -drawing of Signor Bossi, executed on the spot, under the direction of the -late Mr. Edward J. Cooper, in 1820. - -Beginning, then, with VIRGO, let us now spread out the contents of this -Heavenly Volume, so that the eye can take them in at a glance. Of course -we are greatly hindered in this, in having to use the modern Latin names -which the Constellations bear to-day.(19) Some of these names are -mistakes, others are gross perversions of the truth, as proved by the -pictures themselves, which are far more ancient, and have come down to us -from primitive times. - -After the Revelation came to be written down in the Scriptures, there was -not the same need for the preservation of the Heavenly Volume. And after -the nations had lost the original meaning of the pictures, they invented a -meaning out of the vain imagination of the thoughts of their hearts. The -Greek Mythology is an interpretation of (only some of) the signs and -constellations after their true meaning had been forgotten. It is -popularly believed that Bible truth is an evolution from, or development -of, the ancient religions of the world. But the fact is that they -themselves are a _corruption_ and _perversion of primitive truth_! - -We will now give _the contents_ of this Heavenly Volume of Divine -Revelation, and afterwards proceed to develope it, explain it in detail, -and compare it with the same truth which was afterwards written down in -the Scriptures. - - - The First Book. - THE REDEEMER. - (HIS FIRST COMING.) - "The Sufferings of Christ." - - CHAPTER I. - THE PROPHECY OF THE PROMISED SEED OF THE WOMAN. - - VIRGO (_The Virgin. A woman bearing a branch in her right hand and - an ear of corn in her left_). The Promised Seed of the woman. - - 1. COMA (_The Desired. The woman and child_). The Desired of all - nations. - - 2. CENTAURUS (_The Centaur with two natures, holding a spear - piercing a victim_). The despised sin offering. - - 3. BOOeTES (_a man walking bearing a branch called_ ARCTURUS, - _meaning the same_). He cometh. - - CHAPTER II. - THE REDEEMER'S ATONING WORK. - - LIBRA (_The Scales_). The price deficient balanced by the price - which covers. - - 1. CRUX, The Cross endured. - - 2. LUPUS, or VICTIMA, _The Victim_ slain. - - 3. CORONA, _The Crown_ bestowed. - - CHAPTER III. - THE REDEEMER'S CONFLICT. - - SCORPIO (_The Scorpion_) seeking to wound, but itself trodden - under foot. - - 1. SERPENS (_The Serpent_ struggling with the man). - - 2. O-PHI-U-CHUS (_The man_ grasping the serpent). The struggle - with the enemy. - - 3. HERCULES (_The mighty man. A man kneeling on one knee, - humbled in the conflict, but holding aloft the tokens of victory, - with his foot on the head of the Dragon_). The mighty Vanquisher - seeming to sink in the conflict. - - CHAPTER IV. - THE REDEEMER'S TRIUMPH. - - SAGITTARIUS (_The Archer_). The Two-natured Conqueror going forth - "Conquering and to conquer." - - 1. LYRA (_The Harp_). Praise prepared for the Conqueror. - - 2. ARA (_The Altar_). Consuming fire prepared for His enemies. - - 3. DRACO (_The Dragon_). The Old Serpent--the Devil, cast down - from heaven. - - The Second Book. - THE REDEEMED. - THE RESULT OF THE REDEEMER'S SUFFERINGS. - - CHAPTER I. - THEIR BLESSINGS PROCURED. - - CAPRICORNUS (_The fish-goat_). The goat of Atonement slain for the - Redeemed. - - 1. SAGITTA (_The Arrow_). The arrow of God sent forth. - - 2. AQUILA (_The Eagle_). The smitten One falling. - - 3. DELPHINUS (_The Dolphin_). The dead One rising again. - - CHAPTER II. - THEIR BLESSINGS ENSURED. - - AQUARIUS (_The Water-Bearer_): The living waters of blessing - poured forth for the Redeemed. - - 1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (_The Southern Fish_). The blessings - bestowed. - - 2. PEGASUS (_The Winged Horse_). The blessings quickly coming. - - 3. CYGNUS (_The Swan_). The Blesser surely returning. - - CHAPTER III. - THEIR BLESSINGS IN ABEYANCE. - - PISCES (_The Fishes_). The Redeemed blessed though bound. - - 1. THE BAND--bound, but binding their great enemy Cetus, the sea - monster. - - 2. ANDROMEDA (_The Chained Woman_). The Redeemed in their - bondage and affliction. - - 3. CEPHEUS (_The King_). Their Redeemer coming to rule. - - CHAPTER IV. - THEIR BLESSINGS CONSUMMATED AND ENJOYED. - - ARIES (_The Ram or Lamb_). The Lamb that was slain, prepared for - the victory. - - 1. CASSIOPEIA (_The Enthroned Woman_). The captive delivered, - and preparing for her husband, the Redeemer. - - 2. CETUS (_The Sea Monster_). The great enemy bound. - - 3. PERSEUS (_The Breaker_). Delivering His redeemed. - - The Third Book. - THE REDEEMER. - (HIS SECOND COMING.) - "The glory that should follow." - - CHAPTER I. - MESSIAH, THE COMING JUDGE OF ALL THE EARTH. - - TAURUS (_The Bull_). Messiah coming to rule. - - 1. ORION, _Light breaking forth_ in the person of the Redeemer. - - 2. ERIDANUS (_The River of the Judge_). Wrath breaking forth for - His enemies. - - 3. AURIGA (_The Shepherd_). Safety for the Redeemed in the day - of that wrath. - - CHAPTER II. - MESSIAH'S REIGN AS PRINCE OF PEACE. - - GEMINI (The Twins). The twofold nature of the King. - - 1. LEPUS (_The Hare_), or THE ENEMY trodden under foot. - - 2. CANIS MAJOR (_The Dog_), or SIRIUS, the coming glorious - Prince of Princes. - - 3. CANIS MINOR (_The Second Dog_), or PROCYON, the exalted - Redeemer. - - CHAPTER III. - MESSIAH'S REDEEMED POSSESSIONS. - - CANCER (The Crab). The possessions held fast. - - 1. URSA MINOR (_The Lesser Bear_). The lesser sheepfold. - - 2. URSA MAJOR (_The Great Bear_). The fold and the flock. - - 3. ARGO (_The Ship_). The redeemed pilgrims safe at home. - - CHAPTER IV. - MESSIAH'S CONSUMMATED TRIUMPH. - - LEO (_The Lion_). The Lion of the Tribe of Judah aroused for the - rending of the Enemy. - - 1. HYDRA (_The Serpent_). That old Serpent--the Devil, destroyed. - - 2. CRATER (_The Cup_). The cup of Divine wrath poured out upon - him. - - 3. CORVUS (_The Crow, or Raven_). Birds of prey devouring him. - - -Such are the contents of this wondrous book that is written in the -heavens. Thus has God been speaking and emphasizing and developing His -first great prophetic promise of Gen. iii. 15. - -Though for more than 2,500 years His people had not this Revelation -written in a book as we now have it in the Bible, they were not left in -ignorance and darkness as to God's purposes and counsels; nor were they -without hope as to ultimate deliverance from all evil and from the Evil -One. - -Adam, who first heard that wondrous promise, repeated it, and gave it to -his posterity as a most precious heritage--the ground of all their faith, -the substance of all their hope, the object of all their desire. Seth and -Enoch took it up. Enoch, we know, prophesied of the Lord's coming, saying, -"Behold the Lord cometh with ten thousands of His saints to execute -judgment upon all" (Jude 14). How could these "holy prophets, since the -world began," have recorded their prophecies better, or more effectually, -or more truthfully and powerfully, than in these star-pictures and their -interpretation? This becomes a certainty when we remember the words of the -Holy Spirit by Zacharias (Luke i. 67-70):-- - - - "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; - For He hath visited and redeemed His people, - And hath raised up a horn of salvation for us - In the house of His servant David; - As He spake by the mouth of HIS HOLY PROPHETS - WHICH HAVE BEEN SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN." - - -The same truth is revealed through Peter, in Acts iii. 20, 21:--"He shall -send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you; whom the heaven -must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath -spoken by the mouth of all HIS HOLY PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN." - -These words have new meaning for us, if we see the things which were -spoken "since the world began," thus written in the heavens, which utter -speech (_i.e._ prophecy), and show forth this knowledge day after day and -night after night, the heritage of all the earth, and their words reaching -unto the ends of the world. - -This Revelation, coinciding as it does in all its facts and truths with -that afterwards recorded "in the Volume of the Book," must have had the -same Divine origin, must have been made known by the inspiration of the -same Holy Spirit. - -We now proceed to compare the two, and we shall see how they agree at -every point, proving that the source and origin of this Divine Revelation -is one and the same. - - - - - -THE FIRST BOOK. THE REDEEMER. - - - (_His First Coming_.) - - "The Sufferings of Christ." - -The First Book is occupied with the PERSON of the Coming One. It covers -the whole ground, and includes the conflict and the victory of the -Promised Seed, but with special emphasis on His Coming. The book opens -with the promise of His coming, and it closes with the Dragon cast down -from heaven. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign VIRGO. - - - _The Promised Seed of the Woman_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 1: Virgo (the Virgin) - - -Here is the commencement of all prophecy in Gen. iii. 15, spoken to the -serpent:--"I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy -seed and her seed: it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise His -heel." This is the prophetic announcement which the Revelation in the -heavens and in the Book is designed to unfold and develope. It lies at the -root of all the ancient traditions and mythologies, which are simply the -perversion and corruption of primitive truth. - -VIRGO is represented as a woman with a _branch_ in her right hand, and -some ears of corn in her left hand. Thus giving a two-fold testimony of -the Coming One. - -The name of this sign in the Hebrew is _Bethulah_, which means _a virgin_, -and in the Arabic _a branch_. The two words are connected, as in -Latin--_Virgo_, which means _a virgin_; and _virga_, which means _a branch_ -(Vulg. Isa. xi. 1). Another name is _Sunbul_, Arabic, _an ear of corn_. - -In Gen. iii. 15 she is presented only as a woman; but in later prophecies -her nationality is defined as being of the stock of Israel, the seed of -Abraham, the line of David; and, further, she is to be a virgin. There are -two prominent prophecies of her and her seed: one is connected with the -first coming in incarnation, Isa. vii. 14 (quoted in Matt. i. 23.) - - - "Behold, a virgin shall conceive and bear a son, - And shall call his name Immanuel." - - -The other is connected with His second coming, leaping over the sufferings -and this present interval of His rejection, and looking forward to His -coming in glory and judgment, Isa. ix. 6, 7 (quoted in Luke ii. 11 and i. -32, 33)-- - - - "For unto us a child is born, - Unto us a son is given;(20) - And the government shall be upon His shoulder; - And His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, - The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. - Of the increase of His government there shall be no end. - Upon the throne of David, and upon His kingdom, - To order it, and to establish it - With judgment and with justice - From henceforth even for ever. - The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this." - - -It is difficult to separate the Virgin and her Seed in the prophecy, and -so, here, we have first the sign VIRGO, where the name points to her as -the prominent subject; while in the first of the three constellations of -this sign, where the woman appears again, the name COMA points to the -child as the great subject. - -_Virgo_ contains 110 stars, _viz._, one of the 1st magnitude, six of the -3rd, ten of the 4th, etc. - -ARATUS thus sings of them:-- - - - "Beneath Booetes feet the Virgin seek, - Who carries in her hand a glittering spike.... - Over her shoulder there revolves a star - In the right wing, superlatively bright;(21) - It rolls beneath the tail, and may compare - With the bright stars that deck the Greater Bear. - Upon her shoulder one bright star is borne,(22) - One clasps the circling girdle of her loins,(23) - One at her bending knee;(24) and in her hand - Glitters that bright and golden Ear of Corn.(25) - - -Thus the brightest star in Virgo ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~})(26) has an ancient name, handed down -to us in all the star-maps, in which the Hebrew word ({~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER HET~}) _Tsemech_ is -preserved. It is called in Arabic _Al Zimach_, which means _the branch_. -This star is in the ear of corn which she holds in her left hand. Hence -the star has a modern Latin name, which has almost superseded the ancient -one, _Spica_, which means, _an ear of corn_. But this hides the great -truth revealed by its name _Al Zimach_. It foretold the coming of Him who -should bear this name. The same Divine inspiration has, in the written -Word, four times connected it with Him. There are twenty Hebrew words -translated "Branch," but only one of them (_Tsemech_) is used exclusively -of the Messiah, and this word only four times.(27)Each of these further -connects Him with one special account of Him, given in the Gospels. - -(1.) Jer. xxiii. 5, 6-- - - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will raise unto David a righteous BRANCH - (_i.e._, a Son), - And a KING shall reign and prosper." - - -The account of His coming as King is written in the Gospel according to -Matthew, where Jehovah says to Israel, "Behold thy KING." (Zech. ix. 9; -Matt. xxi. 9.) - -(2.) Zech. iii. 8.--"Behold I will bring forth my SERVANT the BRANCH." In -the Gospel according to Mark we find the record of Jehovah's servant and -His service, and we hear Jehovah's voice saying, "Behold my SERVANT." -(Isa. xlii. 1.) - -(3.) Zech. vi. 12.--"Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the -MAN whose name is the BRANCH." In the Gospel according to Luke we behold -Him, presented in "the MAN Christ Jesus." - -(4.) Isa. iv. 2.--"In that day shall the BRANCH of JEHOVAH be beautiful and -glorious." So that this Branch, this Son, is Jehovah Himself; and as we -read the record of John we hear the voice from heaven saying, "Behold your -GOD." (Isa. xl. 9.) - -This is the Branch foretold by the star _Al Zimach_ in the ear of corn. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is called _Zavijaveh_, which means _the gloriously beautiful_, -as in Isa. iv. 2. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, in the arm bearing the branch, is called _Al -Mureddin_, which means _who shall come down_ (as in Ps. lxxii. 8), or _who -shall have dominion_. It is also known as _Vindemiatrix_, a Chaldee word -which means _the son_, or _branch_, _who cometh_. - -Other names of stars in the sign, not identified, are-- - -_Subilah, who carries_. (Isa. xlvi. 4.) - -_Al Azal, the Branch_. (As in Isa. xviii. 5.) - -_Subilon, a spike of corn_. (As in Isa. xvii. 5.) - -The Greeks, ignorant of the Divine origin and teaching of the sign, -represented Virgo as _Ceres_, with ears of corn in her hand. - -In the Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt, about 2000 B.C. (now in -Paris), she is likewise represented with a branch in her hand, but -ignorantly explained by a false religion to represent _Isis_! Her name is -called _Aspolia_, which means _ears of corn_, or _the seed_, which shows -that though the woman is seen, it is her Seed who is the great subject of -the prophecy. - -Passing to the three constellations anciently assigned to the sign Virgo, -we come to what may be compared to _three sections_ of the chapter, each -giving some further detail as to the interpretation of its teaching. - - - -1. COMA (The Woman and Child). - - - _The Desired of all Nations._ - -The first constellation in Virgo explains that this coming "Branch" will -be a child, and that He should be the "Desire of all nations." - -The ancient name of this constellation is _Comah_,(28) _the desired_, or -_the longed for_. We have the word used by the Holy Spirit in this very -connection, in Hag. ii. 7: "The DESIRE of all nations shall come." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 2: Coma (the Desired) - - -The ancient Zodiacs pictured this constellation as a woman with a child in -her arms. ALBUMAZAR(29) (or ABU MASHER), an Arabian astronomer of the -eighth century, says, "There arises in the first Decan,(30) as the -Persians, Chaldeans, and Egyptians, and the two HERMES and ASCALIUS teach, -_a young woman_, whose Persian name denotes a pure virgin, sitting on a -throne, _nourishing an infant boy_ (the boy, I say), having a Hebrew name, -by some nations called IHESU, with the signification IEZA, which in Greek -is called CHRISTOS." - -But this picture is not found in any of the _modern_ maps of the stars. -There we find to-day a woman's wig! It appears that BERENICE, the wife of -EUERGETES (PTOLEMY III.), king of Egypt in the third century B.C., when -her husband once went on a dangerous expedition, vowed to consecrate her -fine head of hair to Venus if he returned in safety. Her hair, which was -hung up in the Temple of Venus, was subsequently stolen, and to comfort -BERENICE, CONON, an astronomer of Alexandria (B.C. 283-222), gave it out -that Jupiter had taken it and made it a constellation! - -This is a good example of how the meaning of other constellations have -been perverted (ignorantly or intentionally). In this case, as in others, -the transition from ancient to more modern languages helped to hide the -meaning. The Hebrew name was COMA (_desired_). But the Greeks had a word -for hair, _Co-me_. This again is transferred to the Latin _coma_, and thus -"_Coma Berenicae_" (_the hair of Berenice_) comes down to us to-day as the -name of this constellation, and gives us a woman's wig instead of that -Blessed One, "the Desire of all Nations." - -In this case, however, we are able to give absolute proof that this is a -perversion. - -The ancient Egyptian name for this constellation was _Shes-nu, the desired -son_! - -The Zodiac in the Temple of Denderah, in Egypt, going back at least 2,000 -years B.C., has no trace of any hair, but it has the figure of a woman and -child. In our illustration we have given a copy of this very ancient -picture, and not the wig of hair! - -We have been permitted to trace it from a work on _Egyptian Scenery_ by -the late eminent astronomer, Edward J. Cooper, of Markree Castle, co. -Sligo, who visited that Temple in the year 1820 with an Italian artist, -Signor Bossi. The original drawing from which our tracing is made (and -enlarged) was drawn by Signor Bossi on the spot, before it was taken to -Paris in 1821.(31) We thus have before us the exact representations of one -of these star-pictures at least 4,000 years old. - -Even Shakespeare understood the truth about this constellation picture, -which has been so long covered by modern inventions. In his _Titus -Andronicus_(32) he speaks of an arrow being shot up to heaven to the -"_Good boy in Virgo's lap._" - -The constellation itself is very remarkable. Others contain one or two -stars of the first or second magnitude, and then a greater or less variety -of lesser stars; but this is peculiar from having no one very bright star, -but contains so many stars of the 4th and 5th magnitudes. It contains 43 -stars altogether, ten being of the 4th magnitude, and the remainder of the -5th, 6th, etc. - -It was in all probability the constellation of _Coma_ in which "the Star -of Bethlehem" appeared. There was a traditional prophecy, well-known in -the East, carefully preserved and handed down, that a new star would -appear in this sign when He whom it foretold should be born. - -This was, doubtless, referred to in the prophecy of Balaam, which would -thus receive a double fulfilment, first of the literal "Star," and also of -the person to whom it referred. The Lord said by Balaam (Num. xxiv. 17), - - - "There shall come(33) a star out of Jacob, - And a sceptre shall rise out of Israel." - - -Thomas Hyde, an eminent Orientalist (1636-1703), writing on the ancient -religion of the Persians, quotes from ABULFARAGIUS (an Arab Christian -Historian, 1226-1286), who says that ZOROASTER, or ZERDUSHT, the Persian, -was a pupil of Daniel the Prophet, and that he predicted to the Magians -(who were the astronomers of Persia), that when they should see _a new -star_ appear it would notify the birth of a mysterious child, whom they -were to adore. It is further stated in the _Zend Avesta_ that this new -star was to appear in the sign of the Virgin. Some have supposed that this -passage is not genuine. But whether it was interpolated before or after -the event, it is equally good evidence for our purpose here. For if it was -written _before_ the event, it is evidence of the _prophetic -announcement_; and if it was interpolated _after_ the event it is evidence -of the _historic fact_. - -The Book of Job shows us how Astronomy flourished in Idumea; and the -Gospel according to Matthew shows that the Persian Magi, as well as -others, were looking for "the Desire of all nations." - -New stars have appeared again and again. It was in 125 B.C. that a star, -so bright as to be seen in the day-time, suddenly appeared. It was this -that caused HIPPARCHUS to draw up his catalogue of stars, which has been -handed down to us by PTOLEMY (150 A.D.). - -This new star would show the _latitude_, passing at that time immediately -overhead at midnight, every twenty-four hours; while the prophecy would -give the _longitude_ as the land of Jacob. Having these two factors, it -would be only a matter of observation, and easy for the Magi to find the -place where it would be vertical, and thus to locate the very spot of the -birth of Him of whom it was the sign, for they emphatically called it "His -Star." There is a beautiful tradition which relates how, in their -difficulty, on their way from Jerusalem to find the actual spot under the -_Zenith_ of this star, these Magi sat down beside David's "Well of -Bethlehem" to refresh themselves. There they saw the star reflected in the -clear water of the well. Hence it is written that "when they saw the star -they rejoiced with exceeding joy," for they knew they were at the very -spot and place of His appearing whence He was to "come forth." - -There can be little doubt that it was _a new star_. In the first place a -new star is no unusual phenomenon. In the second place the tradition is -well supported by ancient Christian writers. One speaks of its "surpassing -brightness." Another (IGNATIUS, Bp. of Antioch, A.D. 69) says, "At the -appearance of the Lord a star shone forth brighter than all the other -stars." IGNATIUS, doubtless, had this from those who had actually seen it! -PRUDENTIUS (4th cent. A.D.) says that not even the morning star was so -fair. Archbishop Trench, who quotes these authorities, says "This star, I -conceive, as so many ancients and moderns have done, to have been a new -star in the heavens." - -One step more places this new star in the constellation of COMA, and with -new force makes it indeed "His star"--the "Sign" of His "coming forth from -Bethlehem." Will it be "the sign of the Son of Man in heaven" (Matt. xxiv. -30) when He shall "come unto" this world again to complete the wondrous -prophecies written of Him in the heavenly and earthly Revelations?(34) - -Thus does the constellation of COMA reveal that the coming "Seed of the -woman" was to be a child born, a son given. - -But He was to be more: He was to be God and man--two natures in one person! -This is the lesson of the next picture. - - - -2. CENTAURUS (The Centaur). - - - _The Despised Sin-offering_. - -It is the figure of a being with two natures. Jamieson, in his _Celestial -Atlas_, 1822, says, "On the authority of the most accomplished Orientalist -of our own times, the Arabic and Chaldaic name of this constellation is -{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}." Now this Hebrew word _Bezeh_ (and the Arabic _Al Beze_) means _the -despised_. It is the very word used of this Divine sufferer in Isa. liii. -3, "He is DESPISED ({~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}) and rejected of men." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 3: Centaurus (the Centaur) - - -The constellation contains thirty-five stars. Two of the 1st magnitude, -one of the 2nd, six of the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc., which, together -with the four bright stars in the Cross make a brilliant show in southern -latitudes. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the horse's fore-foot), has come down to us with -the ancient name of _Toliman_, which means _the heretofore and hereafter_, -marking Him as the one "which is, and which was, and which is to come--the -Almighty" (Rev. i. 8). Sir John Herschell observed this star to be growing -rapidly brighter. It may be, therefore, one of the changeable stars, and -its name may be taken as an indication of the fact that it was known to -the ancients. - -Another name for the constellation was in Hebrew, _Asmeath_, which means a -_sin-offering_ (as in Isa. liii. 10). - -The Greek name was _Cheiron_, which means _the pierced_, or _who pierces_. -In the Greek fables _Cheiron_ was renowned for his skill in hunting, -medicine, music, athletics, and prophecy. All the most distinguished -heroes of Greece are described as his pupils. He was supposed to be -immortal, but he voluntarily agreed to die; and, wounded by a poisoned -arrow (not intended for him) while in conflict with a wild boar, he -transferred his immortality to Prometheus; whereupon he was placed amongst -the stars. - -We can easily see how this fable is the ignorant perversion of the -primitive Revelation. The true tradition can be seen dimly through it, and -we can discern Him of whom it spoke,--the all-wise, all-powerful Teacher -and Prophet, who "went about doing good," yet "despised and rejected of -men," laying down His life that others might live. - -It is one of the lowest of the constellations, _i.e._ the farthest south -from the northern centre. It is situated immediately over the Cross, which -bespeaks His own death; He is seen in the act of destroying the enemy. - -Thus these star-pictures tell us that it would be as a _child_ that the -_Promised Seed_ should come forth and grow and wax strong in spirit and be -filled with wisdom (Luke ii. 40); and that as a man having two natures He -should suffer and die. Then the third and last section in this first -chapter of this First Book goes on to tell of His second coming in glory. - - - -3. BOOeTES (The Coming One). - - - _He cometh_. - -This constellation still further develops this wondrous personage. - -He is pictured as a man walking rapidly, with a spear in his right hand -and a sickle in his left hand. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 4: Booetes (the Coming One) - - -The Greeks called him _Bo-oe-tes_, which is from the Hebrew root _Bo_ -({~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _to come_), meaning _the coming_. It is referred to in Ps. xcvi. -13:-- - - - "For He cometh, - For He cometh to judge the earth; - He shall judge the world in righteousness, - And the people with His truth." - - -It it probable that his ancient name was _Arcturus_(35) (as referred to in -Job ix. 9), for this is the name of the brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left -knee). _Arcturus_ means _He cometh_.(36) - -The ancient Egyptians called him _Smat_, which means _one who rules_, -_subdues_, and _governs_. They also called him _Bau_ (a reminiscence of -the more ancient _Bo_), which means also _the coming one_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~} (in the spear-head) is named _Al Katurops_, which means _the -branch_, _treading under foot_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (just below the waist on his right side) is called _Mirac_, or -_Mizar_, or _Izar_. _Mirac_ means _the coming forth as an arrow_; _Mizar_, -or _Izar_, means _the preserver_, _guarding_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} is called _Muphride_, _i.e._ _who separates_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head) is named _Nekkar_, _i.e._ _the pierced_ (Zech. -xii. 10), which tells us that this coming judge is the One who was -pierced. Another Hebrew name is _Merga_, _who bruises_.(37) - -This brings us back again to Gen. iii. 15, and closes up this first -chapter of the First Book (VIRGO). It shows us the _Person_ of the -Promised Seed from the beginning to the end, from the first promise of the -birth of the Child in Bethlehem, to the final coming of the great Judge -and Harvester to reap the harvest of the earth. This was the vision which -was afterwards shown to John (Rev. xiv. 15, 16), when he says, "I looked; -and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud one sat like unto the Son of -Man, having on His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp sickle. -And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to Him -that sat on the cloud, Thrust in thy sickle and reap; for the time is come -for Thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe. And He that sat on -the cloud thrust in His sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped." - -This is the conclusion of the _first chapter_ of this First Book. Here we -see the woman whose Seed is to bruise the serpent's head, the Virgin-Born, -the Branch of Jehovah, perfect man and perfect God, Immanuel, "God with -us," yet despised and rejected of men, and yielding up His life that -others may have life for evermore. But we see Him coming afterwards in -triumphant power to judge the earth. - -This is only one chapter of this First Book, but it contains the _outline_ -of the whole volume, complete in itself, so far as it regards the Person -of the Coming One. Like the Book of Genesis, it is the seed-plot which -contains the whole, all the rest being merely the development of the many -grand details which are included and shut up within it. It is only one -chapter out of twelve, but it distinctly foreshadows the end--even "the -sufferings of Christ and the glory which should follow." - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign LIBRA. - - -_The Redeemer's Atoning Work; or The Price deficient balanced by the Price - which covers_. - -In the first chapter of this book we saw that this Coming Seed of the -woman was, among other things, to give up His life for others. - -The _second_ chapter is going to define and develope the manner and object -of this death. - -The name of the Sign, together with its three constellations and the names -of the stars composing them, give the complete picture of this Redemption. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 5: Libra (the Scales) - - -The Sign contains 51 stars, two of which are of the 2nd magnitude, one of -the 3rd, eight of the 4th, etc. - -The Hebrew name is _Mozanaim_, _the Scales_, _weighing_. Its name in -Arabic is _Al Zubena_, _purchase_, or _redemption_. In Coptic, it is -_Lambadia_, _station of propitiation_ (from _Lam_, _graciousness_, and -_badia_, _branch_). The name by which it has come down to us is the Latin, -_Libra_, which means _weighing_, as used in the Vulgate (Isa. xl. 12). - -Libra contains three bright stars whose names supply us with the whole -matter. The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the lower scale), is named _Zuben al Genubi_, -which means _the purchase_, or _price which is deficient_. This points to -the fact that man has been utterly ruined. He is "weighed in the balances -and found wanting." - - - "None of them can by any means redeem his brother, - Nor give to God a ransom for him; - For the redemption of their soul is costly, - And must be let alone for ever." - - (Ps. xlix. 7, R.V.) - - "Surely men of low degree are vanity (Heb. _a breath_), - And men of high degree are a lie; - In the balances they go up; - They are altogether lighter than vanity" (Heb. _a breath_). - - (Ps. lxii. 9, R.V.) - - -This is the verdict pronounced and recorded by this star _Zuben al -Genubi_. - -Is there then no hope? Is there no one who can pay the price? - -Yes; there is "the Seed of the woman." He is not merely coming as a child, -but He is coming as an atoning sacrifice. - -He is coming for the purpose of Redemption! He can pay _the price which -covers_! Hence in the upper scale we have another bright star with this -very name _Zuben al Chemali_--THE PRICE WHICH COVERS! Praised be God! "They -sang a new song, saying, Thou art worthy ... for Thou wast slain, and hast -redeemed us to God by thy blood." (Rev. v. 9.) This is the testimony of {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, -the second brightest star! It has another name, _al Gubi_, _heaped up_, or -_high_, telling of the infinite value of this redemption price. But there -is a third star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, below, towards _Centaurus_ and the _Victim_ slain, -telling, by that and by its name, of the _conflict_ by which that -redemption would be accomplished. It is called _Zuben Akrabi_ or _Zuben al -Akrab_, which means _the price of the conflict_! - -There is, however, some reason to suppose that Libra is a very ancient -Egyptian corruption, bringing in human merit instead of Divine -righteousness; "the way of Cain" instead of the way of God. In the more -ancient Akkadian the months were called after the names of the signs,(38) -and the sign of the seventh month is the sign that we now call Libra. The -Akkadian name for it was _Tulku_. _Tul_ means _mound_ (like _dhul_ and -_dul_), and _ku_ means _sacred;_ hence, _Tulku_ means _the sacred mound_, -or _the holy altar_.(39) - -Not only is the name and its meaning different, but the teaching is -infinitely greater and more important, if we may believe that the original -picture of this sign was not a pair of scales, but the representation of -_a holy altar_. This would agree still better with the three -constellations which follow. - -The names of the stars would also be more appropriate, for it is the -Sacrifice of Christ which they foreshadowed, and here it was that the -price which covered was paid, and outweighed the price which was -deficient. What that price was to be, and how it was to be paid, and what -was to be the result in the Person of the Redeemer, is set forth in detail -in the three sections of this chapter by the constellations of _The Cross_ -endured, _The Victim_ slain, and _The Crown_ bestowed. - - - -1. CRUX (The Cross). - - - _The Cross Endured_. - -The Hebrew name was _Adom_, which means _cutting off_, as in Dan. ix. -26:--"After threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off." The last -letter of the Hebrew alphabet was called _Tau_, which was anciently made -in the form of a cross. The ancient _Phoenician_ was [Symbol: right-tilted -cross]; the ancient _Hebrew_, as found on coins, was [Symbol: right-tilted -cross] and [Symbol: vertical cross]; the _Aramaic_, as found on Egyptian -monuments, was a transition [Symbol: tilted cross] or [Symbol: stretched -cross], which passed into the present square Hebrew character {~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}. This -letter is called _Tau_, and means _a mark_; especially _a boundary-mark, a -limit or finish_. And it is the last letter, which finishes the Hebrew -alphabet to this day. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 6: Crux (the Cross) - - -The Southern Cross was just visible in the latitude of Jerusalem at the -time of the first coming of our Lord to die. Since then, through the -gradual recession of the Polar Star, it has not been seen in northern -latitudes. It gradually disappeared and became invisible at Jerusalem when -the Real Sacrifice was offered there; and tradition, which preserved its -memory, assured travellers that if they could go far enough south it would -be again seen. Dante sang of "the four stars never beheld but by the early -race of men." It was not until the sixteenth century had dawned that -missionaries and voyagers, doubling the Cape for the first time, and -visiting the tropics and southern seas, brought back the news of "a -wonderful cross more glorious than all the constellations of the heavens." - -It is a small asterism, containing only about five stars, _viz._, one of -the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, one of the 3rd, and one of the 4th. -Four of these are in the form of a cross. - -Long before the Christian Era this sign of the Cross had lost its true -meaning, and had been perverted in Babylon and Egypt as it has since been -desecrated by Rome. The Persians and Egyptians worshipped it. The cakes -made and eaten in honour of the Queen of Heaven were marked with it. This -heathen custom Rome has adopted and adapted in her Good Friday cakes, -which are thus stamped. But all are alike ignorant of what it means, -_viz._, "IT IS FINISHED." - -In Egypt, and in the earliest times, it was the sign and symbol of _life_. -To-day, Romanists use it as the symbol of _death_! But it means _life_! -Natural life given up, and eternal life procured. Atonement, finished, -perfect, and complete; never to be repeated, or added to. All who partake -of its benefits in Christ now, in grace, by faith "ARE made nigh by the -blood of Christ" (Eph. ii. 13), and of them Jesus says, "He that heareth -my voice, and believeth on Him that sent me HATH everlasting life, and -shall not come into judgment; but IS PASSED from death unto life" (John v. -24). So perfect and complete is the work which Jesus finished on the Cross -that we cannot seek to add even our repentance, faith, tears, or prayers, -without practically asserting that the work of Christ is not finished, and -is not sufficient! - -The Hebrew names of this constellation--_Adom_ and _Tau_--rebuke our -Pharisaic spirit, which is the relic and essence of all false religions, -and points to the blessed fact that the Sacrifice was offered "once for -all," and the atoning work of Redemption completely finished on Calvary. - - - "'Tis finished! the Messiah dies! - Cut off for sins, but not His own; - Accomplished is the sacrifice, - The great redeeming work is done." - - -In the ancient Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah this first Decan of LIBRA is -represented as a lion with his tongue hanging out of his mouth, as if in -thirst, and a female figure holding a cup out to him. Under his fore feet -is the hieroglyphic symbol of running water. What is all this but "the -Lion of the tribe of Judah" brought down "into the dust of death," and -saying "I am poured out like water ... my strength is dried up" (Ps. xxii. -13-18): "I thirst" (John xix. 28): "and in my thirst they gave me vinegar -to drink" (Ps. lxix. 21)? - -The Egyptian name of this Lion, however, points to his ultimate triumph, -for it is called _Sera_, that is, _victory_! - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. LUPUS or VICTIMA (The Victim). - - - _The Victim Slain._ - -Its modern name is _Lupus_ (a wolf), because it looks like one. It may be -any animal. The great point of this ancient constellation is that the -animal has been _slain_, and is in the act of falling down dead. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 7: Lupus or Victima the VICTIM Slain - - -Its Greek name is _Thera_, _a beast_, and _Lycos_, _a wolf_. Its Latin -name is _Victima_, or _Bestia_ (Vulg. Gen. viii. 17), which sufficiently -indicates the great lesson. This is confirmed by its ancient Hebrew name, -_Asedah_, and Arabic _Asedaton_, which both mean _to be slain_. - -More than 22 of its stars have been catalogued. None of them are higher -than the 4th magnitude; most of them are of the 5th or 6th. - -True, He was "by wicked hands crucified and slain," but He is slain here -by the Centaur, _i.e._ by Himself! To make it perfectly clear that it was -His own act (without which His death would lose all merit), He uttered -those solemn words: "I lay down my life for the sheep.... No man taketh it -from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I -have power to take it again" (John x. 15-18). He "offered Himself without -spot to God." "He put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself" (Heb. ix. 11, -26). - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah He is pictured as a little child with -its finger on its lips, and He is called _Sura_, _a lamb_! In other -pictures He has, besides, the horn of a goat on one side of His head. All -this pointed to one and the same great fact, _viz._, the development and -explanation of what was meant by _the bruising of His heel_! It meant that -this Promised Seed of the woman should come as a child, that He should -suffer, and die upon the Cross, for - - - "He was brought as a lamb to the slaughter; - And as a sheep before her shearers is dumb; - SO HE opened not his mouth." - - (Isa. liii. 7.) - - -Hence, the constellation prefigures a silent, willing sacrifice--Christ -Jesus, who, "being found in fashion as a man, humbled Himself, and became -obedient unto death, even the death of the Cross" (Phil. ii. 5-8). - - - -3. CORONA (The Crown). - - - _The Crown Bestowed._ - -"Wherefore God also hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a name which is -above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow." - -This is what is foreshown by this concluding section of the second -chapter. Each chapter ends with glory. As in the written Word of God, we -frequently have the glory of the Second Coming mentioned without any -allusions to the sufferings of the First Coming, but we never have the -First Coming in humiliation mentioned without an immediate reference to -the glory of the Second Coming. - -So here, the CROSS is closely followed by the CROWN! True, "we see not yet -all things put under Him, but we see Jesus ... for the suffering of death -crowned with glory and honour" (Heb. ii. 9). - -Yes, "the crowning day is coming," and all heaven shall soon resound with -the triumphant song, "Thou art worthy, ... for Thou wast slain and hast -redeemed us to God by Thy blood" (Rev. v. 9). - -The shameful Cross will be followed by a glorious crown, and "every tongue -shall confess that Jesus. Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." - - - "Mighty Victor, reign for ever, - Wear the crown so dearly won; - Never shall Thy people, never - Cease to sing what Thou hast done. - Thou hast fought Thy people's foes; - Thou wilt heal Thy people's woes!" - - -The Hebrew name for the constellation is _Atarah_, _a royal crown_, and -its stars are known to-day in the East by the plural, _Ataroth!_ - -Its Arabic name is _Al Iclil_, _an ornament_, or _jewel_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 8: CORONA (the Crown) - - -It has 21 stars: one of the 2nd magnitude and six of the 4th. It is easily -known by the stars {~GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, which form a crescent. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, has the Arabic name of _Al Phecca_, _the shining_. - -Thus ends this solemn chapter of LIBRA, which describes the great work of -Redemption, beginning with the Cross and ending with the Crown. The -Redeemer's work of Atonement is most blessedly set forth, and He alone is -seen as the substitute for lost sinners. - - - "What wondrous love, what mysteries - In this appointment shine! - My breaches of the law are His, - And His obedience mine." - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign SCORPIO. - - - _The Redeemer's Conflict_. - -We come now right into the heart of the conflict. The star-picture brings -before us a gigantic scorpion endeavouring to sting in the heel a mighty -man who is struggling with a serpent, but is crushed by the man, who has -his foot placed right on the scorpion's heart. - -The Hebrew name is _Akrab_, which is the name of a scorpion, but also -means _the conflict_, or _war_. It is this that is referred to in Ps. xci. -13: - - - "Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder. - The young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet." - - -David uses the very word in Ps. cxliv. 1, where he blesses God for -teaching his hands _to war_. - -The Coptic name is _Isidis_, which means _the attack of the enemy_, or -_oppression_; referring to "the wicked that oppress me, my deadly enemies -who compass me about" (Ps. xvii. 9). - -The Arabic name is _Al Akrab_, which means _wounding him that cometh_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 9: SCORPIO (the Scorpion) - - -There are 44 stars altogether in this sign. One is of the 1st magnitude, -one of the 2nd, eleven of the 3rd, eight of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the heart), bears the ancient Arabic name of -_Antares_, which means _the wounding_. It is called by the Latins _Cor -Scorpii_, because it marks the scorpion's heart. It shines ominously with -a deep red light. The sting is called in Hebrew _Lesath_ (Chaldee, -_Lesha_), which means _the perverse_. The stars in the tail are also known -as _Leshaa_, or _Leshat_.(40) - -The scorpion is a deadly enemy (as we learn from Rev. ix), with poison in -its sting, and all the names associated with the sign combine to set forth -the malignant enmity which is "set" between the serpent and the woman's -Seed. - -That enmity is shown more fully in the written Word, where we see the -attempt of the enemy (in Exod. i.) to destroy every male of the seed of -Abraham, and how it was defeated. - -We see his effort repeated when he used Athaliah to destroy "all the seed -royal" (2 Kings xi.), and how "the king's son" was rescued "from among" -the slain. - -We see his hand again instigating Haman, "the Jews' enemy," to compass the -destruction of the whole nation, but defeated in his designs. - -When the woman's Seed, the virgin's Son, was born, we are shown the same -great enemy inciting Herod to slay all the babes in Bethlehem (Matt. ii.), -but again he is defeated. - -In the wilderness of Judaea, and in the Garden of Gethsemane the great -conflict is renewed. "This is your hour and the power of darkness,"(41) He -said to His enemies. - -The real wounding in the heel was received at the Cross. It was there the -scorpion struck the woman's seed. He died, but was raised again from the -dead "to destroy the works of the devil." - -To show us this; to prevent any mistake; to set forth the fact that this -conflict only _apparently_ ended in defeat, and that it did not really so -end, we have the first two constellations belonging to this sign presented -_in one picture_! Indeed, the picture is threefold, for it includes the -sign itself (as shown on the cover)! - -If these pictures had been separated, then the conflict would have been -separated from the victory; the deadly wound of the serpent's head from -the temporary wound in the Victor's heel. Hence, _three_ pictures are -required, in which the _scorpion_, the _serpent_, and the _man_, are all -involved, in order to present at the same time the triumphant issue of the -conflict. - -Hence, we must present, and consider together, the first two sections of -this mysterious chapter. - - - -1 and 2. SERPENS and OPHIUCHUS. - - - _The Struggle with the Enemy._ - -Here, _Serpens_, the serpent, is seen struggling vainly in the powerful -grasp of the man who is named _O-phi-u-chus_. In Latin he is called -Serpentarius. He is at one and the same moment shown to be seizing the -serpent with his two hands, and treading on the very heart of the -scorpion, marked by the deep red star _Antares_ (wounding). - -Just as we read the first constellation of the woman and child _Coma_, as -expounding the first sign VIRGO, so we have to read this first -constellation as expounding the second sign LIBRA. Hence, we have here a -further picture, showing the object of this conflict on the part of the -scorpion. - -In Scorpio we see merely the effort to wound _Ophiuchus_ in the heel; but -here we see the effort of the serpent to seize THE CROWN, which is -situated immediately over the serpent's head, and to which he is looking -up and reaching forth. - -The contest is for Dominion! It was the Devil, in the form of a serpent, -that robbed the first man of his crown; but in vain he struggled to wrest -it from the sure possession of the Second Man. Not only does he fail in -the attempt, but is himself utterly defeated and trodden under foot. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 10: SERPENS (the Serpent) and OPHIUCHUS (the Serpent Holder) - - -There are no less than 134 stars in these two constellations. Two are of -the 2nd magnitude, fourteen of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star in the Serpent, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the neck), is named _Unuk_, which -means _encompassing_. Another Hebrew name is _Alyah_, _the accursed_. From -this is _Al Hay_ (Arabic), _the reptile_. The next brightest star is {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in -the jaw), named, in Arabic, _Cheleb_, or _Chelbalrai, the serpent -enfolding_. The Greek name, _Ophiuchus_, is itself from the Hebrew and -Arabic name _Afeichus_, which means _the serpent held_. The brightest star -in _Ophiuchus_, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head), is called _Ras al Hagus_ (Arabic), _the -head of him who holds_. - -Other Hebrew names of stars, not identified, are _Triophas_, _treading -under foot_; _Saiph_ (in the foot(42) of Ophiuchus), _bruised_; -_Carnebus_, _the wounding_; _Megeros_, _contending_.(43) In the Zodiac of -Denderah we have a throned human figure, called _Api-bau_, _the chief who -cometh_. He has a hawk's head to show that he is the enemy of the serpent, -which is called _Khu_, and means _ruled_ or _enemy_. - -All these combine to set before us in detail the nature of the conflict -and its final issue. That final issue is, however, exhibited by the last -of the three constellations of this chapter. The Victor Himself requires a -whole picture to fully set forth the glorious victory. This brings us to-- - - - -3. HERCULES (The Mighty Man). - - - _The Mighty Vanquisher._ - -Here the mighty one, who occupies a large portion of the heavens, is seen -bending on one knee, with his right heel lifted up as if it had been -wounded, while his left foot is set directly over the head of the great -dragon. In his right hand he wields a great club, and in his left hand he -grasps a triple-headed monster (_Cerberus_). And he has the skin of a -lion, which he has slain, thrown around him.(44) - -In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a human figure, likewise with a club. -His name is _Bau_, which means _who cometh_, and is evidently intended for -Him who cometh to crush the serpent's head, and "destroy the works of the -devil." - -In Arabic he is called _Al Giscale, the strong one_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 11: HERCULES (the Mighty One) - - -There are 113 stars in this constellation. Seven are of the 3rd magnitude, -seventeen of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in his head), is named _Ras al Gethi_, and means -_the head of him who bruises_. - -The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the right arm-pit), is named _Kornephorus_, and means _the -branch, kneeling_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (in the right elbow) is called _Marsic_, _the wounding_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~} (in the upper part of the left arm) is named _Ma'asyn_, _the -sin-offering_. - -While {~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~} (in the lower part of the right arm) is _Caiam_, or _Guiam_, -_punishing_; and in Arabic, _treading under foot_. - -Thus does everything in the picture combine to set forth the mighty works -of this stronger than the strong man armed! - -We can easily see how the perversion of the truth by the Greeks came -about, and how, when the true foreshadowings of this Mighty One had been -lost, the many fables were invented to supply their place. The wiser sort -of Greeks knew this perfectly well. ARISTOTLE (in his _Metaphysics_, x. 8) -admits, with regard to Greek mythology, that religion and philosophy had -been lost, and that much had been "added after the mythical style," while -much had come down, and "may have been preserved to our times as the -remains of ancient wisdom." Religion, such as it was (POLYBIUS confesses), -was recognised as a "necessary means to political ends." NEANDER says that -it was "the fragments of a tradition, which transmitted the knowledge of -divine things possessed in the earliest times." - -ARATUS shews the same uncertainty as to the meaning of this Constellation -of _Hercules_. He says: - - - "Near this, and like a toiling man, revolves - A form. Of it can no one clearly speak, - Nor what he labours at. They call him simply - 'The man upon his knees': In desperate struggle - Like one who sinks, he seems. From both his shoulders - His arms are high-uplifted and out-stretched - As far as he can reach; and his right foot - Is planted on the coiled Dragon's head." - - -Ancient authorities differ as to the personality of Hercules, and they -disagree as to the number, nature, and order of what are sometimes called -"the twelve labours of Hercules." But there is no doubt as to the mighty -foretold works which the woman's Seed should perform. - -From first to last Hercules is seen engaged in destroying some malignant -foe: now it is the Nemean lion; then it is the slaying of the boar of -Erymanthus; again, it is the conquest of the bull of Crete; then the -killing of the three-headed hydra, by whose venom Hercules afterwards -died. In the belly of the sea monster he is said to have remained "three -days and three nights." This was, doubtless, a perversion of the type of -Jonah, introduced by LYCOPHRON, who (living at the court of PTOLEMY -PHILADELPHUS, under whose auspices the Hebrew Scriptures were translated -into Greek) would have known of that Divine miracle, and of its -application to the Coming One. Bishop Horsley believed that the fables of -the Greek mythology could be traced back to the prophecies of the Messiah, -of which they were a perversion from ignorance or design. This is -specially true of Hercules. In his apparently impossible tasks of -overthrowing gigantic enemies and delivering captives, we can see through -the shadow, and discern the pure light of the truth. We can understand how -the original star-picture must have been a prophetic representation of Him -who shall destroy the Old Serpent and open the way again, not to fabled -"apples of gold," but to the "tree of life" itself. He it is who though -suffering in the mighty conflict, and brought to His knee, going down even -to "the dust of death," shall yet, in resurrection and advent glory, wield -His victorious club, subdue all His enemies, and plant His foot on the -Dragon's head. For of Him it is written:-- - - - "Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder; - The young lion and the dragon shalt Thou trample under foot." - - (Ps. xci. 13.) - - "Come, Lord, and burst the captives' chains, - And set the prisoners free; - Come, cleanse this earth from all its stains, - And make it meet for Thee! - - Oh, come and end Creation's groans-- - Its sighs, its tears, its blood, - And make this blighted world again - The dwelling-place of God." - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign SAGITTARIUS. - - - _The Redeemer's Triumph._ - -This is the concluding chapter of the first great book of this Heavenly -Revelation; and it is occupied wholly with the triumph of the Coming One, -who is represented as going forth "conquering and to conquer." - -The subject is beautifully set forth in the written Word (Ps. xlv. 3-5):-- - - - "Gird Thy sword upon Thy thigh, O most mighty, - [_Gird Thyself_] with Thy glory and Thy majesty, - And in Thy majesty ride prosperously, - Because of truth, and meekness, and righteousness; - And Thy right hand shall teach Thee terrible things. - Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the King's enemies; - Whereby the people fall under Thee." - - -John, in his apocalyptic vision, sees the same mighty Conqueror going -forth. "I saw (he says) a white horse, and He that sat on him had a bow, -... and He went forth conquering and to conquer" (Rev. vi. 2). - -This is precisely what is foreshadowed in the star-pictured sign now -called by the modern Latin name _Sagittarius_, which means _the Archer_. - -The Hebrew and Syriac name of the sign is _Kesith_, which means _the -Archer_ (as in Gen. xxi. 20). The Arabic name is _Al Kaus_, _the arrow_. -In Coptic it is _Pimacre_, _the graciousness_, or _beauty of the coming -forth_. In Greek it is _Toxotes_, _the archer_, and in Latin -_Sagittarius_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 12: SAGITTARIUS (the Archer) - - -There are 69 stars in the sign, _viz._, five of the 3rd magnitude (all in -the bow), nine of the 4th, etc. - -The names of the brightest stars are significant:-- - -Hebrew, _Naim_, which means _the gracious one_. This is exactly what is -said of this Victor in the same Psalm (xlv.), in the words immediately -preceding the quotation above (verse 2): - - - "GRACE is poured into Thy lips; - Therefore God hath blessed Thee for ever." - - -Hebrew, _Nehushta_, _the going_ or _sending forth_. - -We see the same in the Arabic names which have come down to us: _Al Naim_, -_the gracious one_; _Al Shaula_, _the dart_; _Al Warida_, _who comes -forth_; _Ruchba er rami_, _the riding of the bowman_. - -An ancient Akkadian name in the sign is _Nun-ki_, which means _Prince of -the Earth_. - -Again we have the picture of _a Centaur_ as to his outward form, _i.e._ a -being with two natures. Not now far down in the south, or connected with -His sufferings and sacrifice as man; but high up, as a sign of the Zodiac -itself, on the ecliptic, _i.e._ in the very path in which the sun -"rejoiceth in his going forth as a strong man." - -According to Grecian fable, this Sagittarius is _Cheiron_, the chief -Centaur; noble in character, righteous in his dealings, divine in his -power. - -Such will be the coming Seed of the woman in His power and glory:-- - - - "The sceptre of Thy kingdom is a right sceptre. - Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness; - Therefore God, Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of - gladness above thy fellows." - - (Ps. xlv. 6, 7.) - - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah he is called (as in Coptic) _Pi-macre_, -_i.e._ _graciousness, beauty of the appearing_ or _coming forth_. The -characters under the hind foot read _Knem_, which means _He conquers_. - -This is He who shall come forth like as an arrow from the bow, "full of -grace," but "conquering and to conquer." - -In all the pictures he is similarly represented, and the arrow in his bow -is aimed directly at the heart of the Scorpion. - -Thus ARATUS sang of _Cheiron_:-- - - - "'Midst golden stars he stands refulgent now, - And thrusts the scorpion with his bended bow." - - -In this Archer we see a faint reflection of Him who shall presently come -forth, all gracious, all wise, all powerful; whose arrows shall be "sharp -in the heart of the King's enemies." - - - "God shall shoot at them with an arrow; - Suddenly shall they be wounded. - So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves; - All that see them shall flee away. - And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; - For they shall wisely consider of His doing. - The righteous shall be glad in the Lord, and shall trust in Him; - And all the upright in heart shall glory." - - (Ps. lxiv. 7-10.) - - "Christ is coming! let Creation - From her groans and travail cease; - Let the glorious proclamation - Hope restore, and faith increase. - Christ is coming, - Come, thou blessed Prince of peace." - - -This brings us to the first of the three constellations or sections of -this chapter, which takes up this subject of praise to the Conqueror. - - - -1. LYRA (The Harp). - - - _Praise prepared for the Conqueror._ - -"Praise waiteth for thee, O God, in Zion" (Ps. lxv. 1). And when the -waiting time is over, and the Redeemer comes forth, then the praise shall -be given. "We give Thee thanks, O Lord God, the Almighty, which art, and -which wast, because thou hast taken to Thee Thy great power, and didst -reign" (Rev. xi. 17, R.V.). "Let us be glad and rejoice and give honour -unto Him" (Rev. xix. 7). The Twenty-first Psalm should be read here, as it -tells of the bursting forth of praise on the going forth of this all- -gracious Conqueror. - - - "The King shall rejoice in Thy strength, O LORD; - And in Thy salvation how greatly shall He rejoice!... - Thine hand shall find out all Thine enemies; - Thy right hand shall find out all that hate thee.... - Their fruit shalt Thou destroy from the earth; - And their seed from among the children of men. - For they intended evil against Thee; - They imagined a mischievous device which they are not able to - perform, - Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back (Heb. _Margin, - __"__set them as a butt__"_), - When Thou shalt make ready Thine arrows upon Thy strings - [_And shoot them_] against the face of them. - Be thou exalted, LORD, in thine own strength; - SO WILL WE SING AND PRAISE THY POWER." - - (Ps. xxi. 1, 8, 10-13.) - - -Beautifully, then, does _the harp_ come in here, following upon the going -forth of this victorious Horseman. This Song of the Lamb follows as -naturally as does the Song of Moses in Ex. xv. 1: "I will sing unto the -LORD, for He hath triumphed gloriously." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 13: LYRA (the Harp) - - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, is one of the most glorious in the heavens, and by -it this constellation may be easily known. It shines with a splendid white -lustre. It is called _Vega_, which means _He shall be exalted_. Its root -occurs in the opening of the Song of Moses, quoted above. Is not this -wonderfully expressive? - -Its other stars, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, are also conspicuous stars, of the 2nd and 4th -magnitude. {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is called _Shelyuk_, which means _an eagle_ (as does the -Arabic, _Al Nesr_); {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} is called _Sulaphat_, _springing up_, or -_ascending_, as praise. - -In the Zodiac of Denderah, this constellation is figured as a hawk or an -eagle (the enemy of the serpent) in triumph. Its name is _Fent-kar_, which -means _the serpent ruled_. - -There may be some confusion between the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Nesher_, _an -eagle_, and {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Gnasor_, _a harp_;(45) but there can be no doubt -about the grand central truth, that praise shall ascend up "as an eagle -toward heaven," when "every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, -and such as are in the sea, and all that is in them," shall send up their -universal song of praise: "Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be -unto Him that sitteth upon the throne and unto the Lamb for ever and ever. -Amen" (Rev. v. 13, 14). - -And for what is all this wondrous anthem of Praise? Listen once again. -"Alleluia:(46) Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord -our God; for TRUE AND RIGHTEOUS ARE HIS JUDGMENTS.... And again they said -Alleluia" (Rev. xix. 1-3). - - - With "that blessed hope" before us, - Let no HARP remain unstrung, - Let the coming advent chorus - Onward roll from tongue to tongue, Hallelujah, - "Come, Lord Jesus," quickly come. - - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. ARA (The Altar). - - - _Consuming Fire Prepared for His Enemies._ - -Here we have an altar or burning pyre, placed significantly and ominously -upside down! with its fires burning and pointing downwards towards the -lower regions, called _Tartarus_, or _the abyss_, or "outer-darkness." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 14: ARA (the Altar) - - -It is an asterism with nine stars, of which three are of the 3rd -magnitude, four of the 4th, etc. It is south of the Scorpion's tail, and -when these constellations were first formed it was visible only on the -very lowest horizon of the south, pointing to the completion of all -judgment in the lake of fire. - -In the Zodiac of Denderah we have a different picture, giving us another -aspect of the same judgment. It is a man enthroned, with a flail in his -hand. His name is _Bau_, the same name as _Hercules_ has, and means _He -cometh_. It is from the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~} (_Boh_), _to come_, as in Isa. lxiii. -1: - - - "Who is this that cometh from Edom, - With dyed garments from Bozrah." - - -This is a coming in judgment, as is clear from reason given in verse 4: - - - "For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart, - And the year of My redeemed is come. - And I looked, and there was none to help; - And I wondered that there was none to uphold; - Therefore Mine own arm brought salvation, - And My fury, it upheld Me." - - (Isa. lxiii. 4, 5.) - - -The completion of judgment, therefore, is what is pictured both by the -burning pyre and the Coming One enthroned, with his threshing instrument. - -In Arabic it is called _Al Mugamra_, which means _the completing_, or -_finishing_. The Greeks used the word _Ara_ sometimes in the sense of -_praying_, but more frequently in the sense of _imprecation_ or _cursing_. - -This is the curse pronounced against the great enemy. This is the burning -fire, pointing to the _completion_ of that curse, when he shall be cast -into that everlasting fire "prepared for the devil and his angels." This -is the allusion to it written in the midst of the very Scripture from -which we have already quoted (p. 66), Ps. xxi., where we read in verse 9 -(which we then omitted):-- - - - "Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of Thine anger: - The Lord shall swallow them up in His wrath; - And the fire shall devour them." - - -This brings us to the final scene, closing up this first great book of the -Heavens. - - - -3. DRACO (The Dragon). - - - _The Old Serpent, or the Devil, cast down from Heaven._ - -Each of the three great books concludes with this same foreshowing of -Apocalyptic truth. The same great enemy is referred to in all these -pictures. He is the Serpent; he is the Dragon; "the great dragon, that old -serpent, called the Devil and Satan" (Rev. xii. 9). The Serpent represents -him as the _Deceiver_; the Dragon, as the _Destroyer_. - -This _First_ Book concludes with the Dragon being cast down from heaven. - -The _Second_ Book concludes with _Cetus_, the Sea Monster, Leviathan, -bound. - -The _Third_ Book concludes with Hydra, the Old Serpent, destroyed. - -Here, at the close of the _First_ Book, we see not merely a dragon, but -the Dragon _cast down_! That is the point of this great star-picture. - -No one has ever seen a dragon; but among all nations (especially in China -and Japan), and in all ages, we find it described and depicted in legend -and in art. Both Old and New Testaments refer to it, and all unite in -connecting with it one and the same great enemy of God and man. - -It is against him that the God-Man--"the Son of God--goes forth to war." It -is for him that the eternal fires are prepared. It is he who shall shortly -be cast down from the heavens preparatory to his completed judgment. It is -of him we read, "The great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called -the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out and -his angels with him. And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is -come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of -His Christ; for the accuser of our brethren is cast down" (Rev. xii. 9, -10). - -It is of him that David sings:-- - - - "God is my king of old, - Working salvation in the midst of the earth ... - Thou brakest the heads of the dragons in the waters. - Thou brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces." - - (Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.) - - -Of him also the Spirit causes Isaiah to say, "In that day, shall this song -be sung in the land of Judah";-- - - - "In that day the Lord, with his sore, and great, and strong sword, - Shall punish leviathan the piercing (R.V. swift) serpent, - Even leviathan that crooked serpent; - And he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea." - - (Isa. xxvi. 1; xxvii. 1.) - - -This is exactly what is foreshadowed by this constellation of _Draco_. Its -name is from the Greek, and means _trodden on_, as in the Septuagint of -Ps. xci. 13: "The dragon shalt thou trample under feet," from the Hebrew -{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}, _Dahrach_, _to tread_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 15: DRACO (the Dragon Cast down) - - -In the Zodiac of Denderah it is shown as a serpent under the fore-feet of -Sagittarius, and is named _Her-fent_, which means _the serpent accursed_! - -There are 80 stars in the constellation; four of the 2nd magnitude, seven -of the 3rd magnitude, ten of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in one of the latter coils), is named _Thuban_ -(Heb.), _the subtle_. Some 4,620 years ago it was the Polar Star. It is -manifest, therefore, that the Greeks could not have invented this -constellation, as is confessed by all modern astronomers. It is still a -very important star in nautical reckonings, guiding the commerce of the -seas, and thus "the god of this world" is represented as winding in his -contortions round the pole of the world, as if to indicate his subtle -influence in all worldly affairs. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head), is called by the Hebrew name _Rastaban_, -and means _the head of the subtle_ (_serpent_). In the Arabic it is still -called _Al Waid_, which means _who is to be destroyed_. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (also in the head), is called _Ethanin_, _i.e._, _the -long serpent_, or _dragon_. - -The Hebrew names of other stars, not identified, are _Grumian_, _the -subtle_; _Giansar_, _the punished enemy_. Other (Arabic) names are _Al -Dib_, _the reptile_; _El Athik_, _the fraudful_; _El Asieh_, _the bowed -down_. - -And thus the combined testimony of every star (without a single exception) -of each constellation, and the constellations of each sign, accords with -the testimony of the Word of God concerning the coming Seed of the woman, -the bruising of His heel, the crushing of the serpent's head, "the -sufferings of Christ, and the glory which should follow." - - - "From far I see the glorious day, - When He who bore our sins away, - Will all His majesty display. - - A Man of Sorrows once He was, - No friend was found to plead His cause, - As all preferred the world's applause. - - He groaned beneath sin's awful load, - For in the sinner's place He stood, - And died to bring him back to God. - - But now He waits, with glory crowned. - While angel hosts His throne surround, - And still His lofty praises sound. - - To few on earth His name is dear, - And they who in His cause appear, - The world's reproach and scorn must bear - - Jesus, Thy name is all my boast, - And though by waves of trouble tossed, - Thou wilt not let my soul be lost. - - Come then, come quickly from above, - My soul impatient longs to prove, - The depths of everlasting love." - - - - - -THE SECOND BOOK. THE REDEEMED. - - - _The Result of the Redeemer's Sufferings._ - -In the _First_ Book we have had before us the work of the Redeemer set -forth as it concerned His own glorious person. In this _Second_ Book it is -presented to us as it affects others. Here we see the _results_ of His -humiliation, and conflict, and victory--"The sufferings of Christ" and the -blessings they procured for His redeemed people. - -In Chapter I. we have the Blessings procured. - -In Chapter II. their Blessings ensured. - -In Chapter III. their Blessings in abeyance. - -In Chapter IV. their Blessings enjoyed. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign CAPRICORNUS (The Sea Goat). - - - _The Goat of Atonement Slain for the Redeemed._ - -It is most noteworthy that this Second Book opens with the Goat, and -closes with the Ram: two animals of sacrifice; while the two middle -chapters are both connected with fishes.(47) The reason for this we shall -see as we proceed. - -Both are combined in the first chapter, or "Sign" of Capricornus. - -In all the ancient Zodiacs, or Planispheres, we find a goat with a fish's -tail. In the Zodiacs of Denderah and Esneh, in Egypt, it is half-goat and -half-fish, and it is there called _Hu-penius_, which means _the place of -the sacrifice_. - -In the Indian Zodiac it is a goat _passant_ traversed by a fish. - -There can be no doubt as to the significance of this sign. - -In the Goat we have the Atoning Sacrifice, in the Fish we have the people -for whom the atonement is made. When we come to the sign "PISCES" we shall -see more clearly that it points to the _multitudes_ of the redeemed host. - -The Goat is bowing its head as though falling down in death. The right leg -is folded underneath the body, and he seems unable to rise with the left. -The tail of the fish, on the other hand, seems to be full of vigour and -life. - -The Hebrew name of the sign is _Gedi_, _the kid_ or _cut off_, the same as -the Arabic _Al Gedi_. CAPRICORNUS is merely the modern (Latin) name of the -sign, and means _goat_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 16: CAPRICORNUS (the Goat) - - -There are 51 stars in the sign, three of which are of the 3rd magnitude, -three of the 4th, etc. Five are remarkable stars, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} in the horn and -head, and the remaining three, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, in the fishy tail. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} -is named _Al Gedi_, _the kid_ or _goat_, while the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} is called _Deneb -Al Gedi_, _the sacrifice cometh_. - -Other star-names in the sign, not identified, are _Dabih_ (Syriac), _the -sacrifice slain_; _Al Dabik_ and _Al Dehabeh_ (Arabic) have the same -meaning; _Ma'asad_, _the slaying_; _Sa'ad al Naschira_, _the record of the -cutting off_. - -Is not this exactly in accord with the Scriptures of truth? There were two -goats! Of "the _goat_ of the sin-offering" it is written, "God hath given -it to you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for -them before the LORD" (Lev. x. 16, 17): of the other goat, which was not -slain, "he shall let it go into the wilderness" (Lev. xvi. 22). Here is -death and resurrection. Christ was "wounded for our transgressions, and -bruised for our iniquities." "For the transgression of MY PEOPLE was He -stricken" (Isa. liii.). He laid down His life for the sheep. - -In the first chapter of the _First_ Book we had the same Blessed One -presented as "a corn of wheat." Here we see Him come to "die," and hence -not abiding alone, but bringing forth "much fruit" (John xii. 24). The -living fish proceeds from the dying goat, and yet they form only one body. -That picture, which has no parallel in nature, has a perfectly true -counterpart in grace; and "a great multitude, which no man can number," -have been redeemed and shall obtain eternal life through the death of -their Redeemer. - -It is, however, not merely the actual death which is set before us here. -The _first_ chapter _in each book_ has for its great subject _the Person_ -of the Redeemer in _prophecy_ and promise. The _last_ chapter in each book -has for its subject the fulfilment of that prophecy in victory and -triumph, in the Person of the Redeemer: while the two _central_ chapters -_in each_ book are occupied with _the work_ which is the accomplishment of -the promise, presented in two aspects--the former connected with _grace_, -the latter with _conflict_. - -Thus the _structure_ of each of the three books is an _epanodos_, having -for its first and last members the Person of the Redeemer (in "A" in -_Prophecy_; in "_A_" in _Fulfilment_), while in the two central members we -have the work and its accomplishment (in "B" _in grace_; and in "_B_" _in -conflict_). - -It may be thus presented to the eye:-- - - _The First Book._ - -A | VIRGO. The Prophecy of the Bruised Seed. - B | LIBRA. The work accomplished (in _grace_). - _B_ | SCORPIO. The work accomplished (in _conflict_.) -_A_ | SAGITTARIUS. The fulfillment of the promised victory. - - _The Second Book._ - -C | CAPRICORNUS. The Prophecy of the Promised Deliverance. - D | AQUARIUS. Results of the work bestowed (in grace). - _D_ | PISCES. Results of the work enjoyed (in conflict). -_C_ | ARIES. The Fulfilment of the Promised Deliverance. - - _The Third Book._ - -E | TAURUS. The Prophecy of the coming Judge of all the earth. - F | GEMINI. The Redeemer's reign. (Grace and Glory). - _F_ | CANCER. The Redeemer's possession (safe from all conflict). -_E_ | LEO. The fulfilment of the promised Triumph. - -Hence in CAPRICORNUS we must look for the _prophecy_ of this Coming -Sacrifice. As a matter of fact it did actually point out the time when the -Sun of Righteousness should arise, and "the Light of the World" appear. -For when this Promised Seed was born the Sun _was actually in this sign of -Capricornus_! "The fulness of time was come," and "God sent forth His Son -TO REDEEM them that were under the Law" (Gal. iv. 4). The Sun was really -amongst those very stars--_Al Gedi_, _the kid_, and _Deneb Al Gedi_, _the -sacrifice cometh_--when this willing Sacrifice said, "Lo I come to do Thy -will, O God." The nights were at their darkest and their longest when -Jesus was born. The days began immediately to lengthen when He, "the true -light," had come into the world.(48) - -Astronomers confess that the perverted legends of the Greeks give but "a -lame account" of this sign, "and it offers no illustration of _its ancient -origin_." - -Its ancient origin reveals a prophetic knowledge, which only He possessed -who knew that in "the fulness of time" He would send forth His Son. - -We now come to the three constellations which give us three pictures -setting forth the death of this Sacrifice and of His living again. - - - -1. SAGITTA (The Arrow). - - - _The Arrow of God sent forth_. - -It is not the Arrow of Sagittarius, for that has not left his bow. That -arrow is for the enemies of God. This is for the Son of God. It was of -this that He spoke when He said, in Ps. xxxviii. 2: - - - "Thine arrows stick fast in me, - And Thy hand presseth me sore." - - -He was "stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted, He was wounded for our -transgressions" (Isa. liii. 4, 5). He was "pierced," when He could say -with Job, "The arrows of the Almighty are within me" (vi. 4). - - [Illustration] - -Plate 17: SAGITTA (the Arrow), AQUILA (the Eagle), DELPHINUS (the Dolphin) - - -Here the arrow is pictured to us in mid-heaven, alone, as having been shot -forth by an invisible hand. It is seen in its flight through the heavens. -It is the arrow of God, showing that Redemption is all of God. It was "the -will of God" which Jesus came to do. Not a mere work of mercy for -miserable sinners, but a work ordained in eternity past, for the glory of -God in eternity future. - -This is the record of the Word, and this is what is pictured for us here. -The work which the arrow accomplishes is seen in the dying Goat, and in -the falling Eagle. - -There are many other stars in the heavens in a straighter line, which -would better serve for an arrow. Why are these stars chosen? Why is the -arrow placed here? What explanation can be given, except that the -Revelation in the stars and in the Book are both from the inspiration of -the same Spirit? - -There are about 18 stars, of which four are of the 4th magnitude. Only {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} -and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} are in the same line, while the shaft passes between {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}. - -The Hebrew name is _Sham_, _destroying_, or _desolate_. - - - -2. AQUILA (The Eagle). - - - _The Smitten One Falling._ - -Here we have an additional picture of the effect of this arrow, in the -pierced, wounded, and falling Eagle, gasping in its dying struggle. And -that pierced, wounded, and dying Saviour whom it represents, after saying, -in Ps. xxxviii. 2, "Thine arrows stick fast in Me," added, in verse 10: - - - "My heart panteth, My strength faileth Me, - As for the light of Mine eyes it is gone from Me." - - (See also Zech. xiii. 6.) - - -The names of the stars, all of them, bear out this representation. The -constellation contains 74 stars. The brightest of them, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the Eagle's -neck), is a notable star of the 1st magnitude, called _Al Tair_ (Arabic), -_the wounding_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the throat) is called _Al Shain_ (Arabic), -_the bright_, from a Hebrew root meaning _scarlet coloured_, as in Josh. -ii. 18. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the back) is called _Tarared_, _wounded_, or -_torn_. {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the lower wing) is named _Alcair_, which means _the -piercing_, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the tail), _Al Okal_, has the significant meaning -_wounded in the heel_. - -How can the united testimony of these names be explained except by -acknowledging a Divine origin? even that of Him who afterwards foretold of -the bruising of the Virgin's Son in the written Word; yea, of Him "who -telleth the number of the stars and giveth them all their names." - - - -3. DELPHINUS (The Dolphin). - - - _The Dead One Rising again._ - -This is a bright cluster of 18 stars, five of which are of the 3rd -magnitude. It is easily distinguished by the four brightest, which are in -the head. - -It is always figured as a fish full of life, and always with the head -upwards, just as the eagle is always with the head downwards. The great -peculiar characteristic of the dolphin is its rising up, leaping, and -springing out of the sea. - -When we compare this with the dying goat and falling eagle, what -conclusion can we come to but that we have here the filling in of the -picture, and the completion of the whole truth set forth in Capricornus? - -Jesus "died and rose again." Apart from His resurrection His death is -without result. In His conflict with the enemy it is only His coming again -in glory which is shown forth. But here, in connection with His people, -with the multitudes of His redeemed, Resurrection is the great and -important truth. He is "the first-fruits of them that slept"; then He, -too, is here represented as a fish. He who went down into the waters of -death for His people; He who could say "All thy waves and thy billows are -gone over me" (Ps. xlii. 7), He it is who rises up again from the dead, -having died on account of the sins of His redeemed, and risen again on -account of their justification (Rom. iv. 25). - -This is the picture here. In the Persian planisphere there seems to be a -fish and a stream of water. The Egyptian has a vessel pouring out water. - -The ancient names connected with this constellation are _Dalaph_ (Hebrew), -_pouring out of water_; _Dalaph_ (Arabic), _coming quickly;_ _Scalooin_ -(Arabic), _swift (as the flow of water); Rotaneb_ or _Rotaneu_ (Syriac and -Chaldee), _swiftly running_. - -Thus, in this first chapter of the Second Book we see the great truth of -Revelation set forth; and we learn how the great Blessings of Redemption -were procured. This truth cannot be more eloquently or powerfully -presented than in the language of Dr. Seiss:-- - - - "This strange goat-fish, dying in its head, but living in its - afterpart--falling as an eagle pierced and wounded by the arrow of - death, but springing up from the dark waves with the matchless - vigour and beauty of the dolphin--sinking under sin's condemnation, - but rising again as sin's conqueror--developing new life out of - death, and heralding a new springtime out of December's long drear - nights--was framed by no blind chance of man. The story which it - tells is the old, old story on which hangs the only availing hope - that ever came, or ever can come, to Adam's race. To what it - signifies we are for ever shut up as the only saving faith. In - that dying Seed of the woman we must see our sin-bearer and the - atonement for our guilt, or die ourselves unpardoned and - unsanctified. Through His death and bloodshedding we must find our - life, or the true life, which alone is life, we never can have." - - "Complete atonement Thou hast made, - And to the utmost farthing paid - Whate'er Thy people owed: - Nor can His wrath on me take place, - If sheltered in His righteousness, - And sprinkled with the blood. - - If my discharge Thou hast procured, - And freely in my room endured - The whole of wrath divine, - Payment God cannot twice demand, - First at my bleeding Surety's hand, - And then again at mine. - - Turn, then, my soul, unto Thy rest; - The merits of Thy great High Priest - Have bought thy liberty; - Trust in His efficacious blood, - Nor fear thy banishment from God, - Since Jesus died for thee." - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign AQUARIUS (The Water Bearer). - - - _Their Blessings Ensured, or the Living Waters of Blessing Poured Forth - for the Redeemed._ - -The Atonement being made, the blessings have been procured, and now they -can be bestowed and poured forth upon the Redeemed. This is the truth, -whether we think of Abel's lamb, of patriarchal sacrifices, the offerings -under the Law, or of that great Sacrifice of which they all testified. -They all with one voice tell us that atonement made is the only foundation -of blessing. - -This was pictured and foreshown in the heavens from the beginning, by a -man pouring forth water from an urn which seems to have an inexhaustible -supply, and which flows forth downwards into the mouth of a fish, which -receives it and drinks it all up. - -In the ancient Zodiac of Denderah it is the same idea, though the man -holds two urns, and the fish below seems to have come out of the urn. The -man is called _Hupei Tirion_, which means _the place of him coming down_ -or _poured forth_. - -In some eastern Zodiacs the Urn alone appears. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 18: AQUARIUS (the Water Bearer) & PISCIS AUSTRALIS (the Southern - Fish) - - -This agrees with its other names--Hebrew, _Deli_, _the water-urn_, or -_bucket_ (as in Num. xxiv. 7); the Arabic _Delu_ is the same. - -There are 108 stars in this Sign, four of which are of the 3rd magnitude. -Their names, as far as they have come down to us, are significant. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the right shoulder) is called _Sa'ad al Melik_, which means -_the record of the pouring forth_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the other shoulder) is called _Saad al Sund_, _who goeth -and returneth_, or _the pourer out_. - -The bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the lower part of the right leg) is well-known to- -day by its Hebrew name _Scheat_, which means _who goeth and returneth_. - -The bright star in the urn has an Egyptian name--_Mon_ or _Meon_, which -means simply _an urn_. - -Aquarius is the modern Latin name by which the sign is known. It has the -same meaning, _the pourer forth of water_. - -Can we doubt what is the interpretation of this sign? The Greeks, not -knowing Him of whom it testified, were, like the woman of Samaria, -destitute of that living water which He alone can give. They therefore -invented some story about _Deucalion_, the son of Prometheus; and another, -saying he is _Ganymede_, Jove's cup-bearer! But, as an astronomer says, -"We must account otherwise for the origin of this name; for it is not -possible to reconcile the symbols of the eleventh(49) sign with Grecian -mythology." No! we must go further back than that, and not cramp our -vision, and distort the Scriptures, by confining our thoughts to "the -Church." The Church is nowhere seen in these Signs, as she is nowhere -revealed in the Old Testament. This we shall enlarge on when we come to -the sign Pisces. Meanwhile we must read the witness of the stars as if -there had been no Church! - -Christ is first. Yea, He is all in all. The Scriptures testify of Him; and -the very stars in this Sign tell of His going away and His coming again. -These prophetic signs have to do with Him, with the Atonement He wrought, -with the conflict He endured, with the blessings He secured, with the -victory He shall win, and the triumph He shall have. For it is written: - - - "He shall pour the water out of His buckets, - And His seed shall be in many waters, - And His king shall be higher than Agag, - And His kingdom shall be exalted." - - (Num. xxiv. 7.) - - -It tells of that glorious day when - - - "A King shall reign in righteousness; - And princes shall rule in judgment; - And a MAN shall be as an hiding place - from the wind, - And a covert from the tempest; - As RIVERS of WATER in a dry place." - - (Isa. xxxii. 1, 2). - - -It speaks of that glorious time when Israel shall be restored, and their -"eyes shall see the King in His beauty"; when the peace of Zion shall be -no more disturbed, "but there the glorious LORD will be unto us a place of -broad rivers and streams" (Isa. xxxiii. 17, 20, 21). Then - - - "The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; - And the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose, - For in the wilderness shall waters break out, - And streams in the desert." - - (Isa. xxxv. 1, 6.) - - "I will open rivers in high places, - And fountains in the midst of the valleys; - I will make the wilderness a pool of water, - And the dry land springs of water." - - (Isa. xli. 18.) - - "Fear not, O Jacob, My servant; - And thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen, - For I will POUR WATER upon him that is thirsty, - And floods upon the dry ground; - I will pour My Spirit upon thy seed, - And My blessing upon thy offspring. - Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, - And his Redeemer the LORD of hosts." - - (Isa. xliv. 2, 3, 6.) - - -This is the meaning of the Sign. The MAN Christ Jesus, who was humbled in -death will yet be seen to be the pourer forth of every blessing. -_Physically_ pouring forth literal waters, removing the curse, and turning -this world into a paradise: - - - "Making her wilderness like Eden, - And her desert like the garden of the LORD." - - (Isa. li. 3.) - - -And _morally_ pouring forth His Spirit in such abundance as to fill the -whole earth with peace, and blessing, and glory, "as the waters cover the -sea." - -Upon Israel restored He will pour out His blessing. They will be sprinkled -with clean water, and possess a new heart and a new spirit (Ezek. xxxvi. -24-28; Joel ii. 28-32). - -Such are some of the Scriptures which tell of this glorious Water-pourer. -We need not rob Christ of His glory, or Israel of her blessing, in order -to see in all this Pentecost or the Church. These are quite independent of -the great line of prophetic truth. They are parenthetical, and distinct, -and true, quite apart from the glorious prophecies of Israel's scattering -and gathering. The physical marvels referred to in the texts above can -never be satisfied or exhausted by any spiritual fulfilment. We may make -an _application_ of them as far as is consistent with the teaching of the -epistles; but the _interpretation_ of them belongs to the Person of -Christ, and the nation of Israel. That interpretation is pictured for us -in the Sign, and in its three constellations. - - - -1. PISCIS AUSTRALIS (The Southern Fish). - - - _The Blessings Bestowed._ - -This first constellation is one of high antiquity,(50) and its brilliant -star of the first magnitude was a subject of great study by the Egyptians -and Ethiopians. It is named in Arabic _Fom al Haut_, _the mouth of the -fish_. There are 22 other stars. - -The constellation is inseparable from Aquarius, in connection with which -we have shown it in Plate XVIII. In the Denderah Zodiac it is called -_Aar_, _a stream_. - -It sets forth the simple truth that the blessings procured by the MAN--the -coming Seed of the woman, will be surely bestowed and received by those -for whom they are intended. There will be no failure in their -communication, or in their reception. What has been purchased shall be -secured and possessed. - - - -2. PEGASUS (The Winged Horse). - - - _The Blessings Quickly Coming._ - -Not only shall they be received, but they shall be brought near. They will -not have to be fetched, but they will be caused to come to those for whom -they are procured, and will yet be _brought_ by Him who has procured them. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 19: PEGASUS (the Winged Horse) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac there are two characters immediately below the -horse, _Pe_ and _ka_. _Peka_ or _Pega_, is in Hebrew _the chief_, and -_Sus_ is _horse_. So that the very word (_Pegasus_) has come down to us -and has been preserved through all the languages. - -The names of the stars in this constellation declare to us its meaning. -There are 89 altogether; one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, three -of the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. And, as astronomers testify, "they -render Pegasus peculiarly remarkable." - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (on the neck of the horse at the junction of the wing), -comes down to us with the ancient Hebrew name of _Markab_, which means -_returning from afar_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the near shoulder) is called -_Scheat_, _i.e._, _who goeth and returneth_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (at the tip of the -wing) bears an Arabic name--_Al Genib_, _who carries_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -nostril) is called _Enif_ (Arabic), _the water_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} (in the near -leg) is called _Matar_ (Arabic), _who causes to overflow_. - -These names show us that we have to do with no mere horse. A winged horse -is unknown to nature. It must therefore be used as a figure; and it can be -a figure only of a person, even of Him who is "_the Branch_," as the star -_Enif_ shows, who said, "If I go away I will come again," as the star -_Scheat_ testifies. - -He who procured these blessings for the redeemed by His Atonement, is -quickly coming to bring them; and is soon returning to pour them forth -upon a groaning creation. This is the lesson of Pegasus. - - - "Come, blessed Lord, bid every shore - And answering island sing - The praises of Thy royal Name, - And own Thee as their King. - - Lord, Lord! Thy fair creation groans-- - The earth, the air, the sea-- - In unison with all our hearts, - And calls aloud for Thee. - - Thine was the Cross with all its fruits - Of grace and peace divine: - Be Thine the Crown of glory now, - The palm of victory Thine." - - - -3. CYGNUS (The Swan). - - - _The Blesser surely Returning._ - -This constellation repeats, emphasises, and affirms this glorious truth. -It has to do with the Great Blesser and His speedy return, as is testified -by all the ancient names connected with it. - -In the Denderah Zodiac it is named _Tes-ark_, which means _this from -afar_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 20: CYGNUS (the Swan) - - -It is a most brilliant and gorgeous asterism of 81 stars; one of the 1st -or 2nd, six of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th magnitude, etc. It contains -variable stars, five double stars, and one quadruple. The star marked "61 -Cygni" is known as one of the most wonderful in the whole heavens. It -consists of two stars which revolve about each other, and yet have a -progressive motion common to each! - -This mighty bird is not falling dead, like Aquila, but it is flying -swiftly in mid-heaven. It is coming to the earth, for it is not so much a -bird of the air, but a bird peculiarly belonging to both the earth and the -waters. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (between the body and the tail), is called _Deneb_ -(like another in Capricornus), and means _the judge_. It is also called -_Adige_, _flying swiftly_, and thus at once it is connected with Him who -cometh to judge the earth in righteousness. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the beak) is named _Al Bireo_ (Arabic), _flying quickly_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the body) is called _Sadr_ (Hebrew), _who returns as in a -circle_. - -The two stars in the tail, now marked in the maps as {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} 1 and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} 2, are -named _Azel_, _who goes and returns quickly_; and _Fafage_, _gloriously -shining forth_. - -The teaching, then, of the whole sign of AQUARIUS is clear and complete. -The names of the stars explain the constellations, and the names of the -constellations explain the sign, so that we are left in no doubt. - -By His atoning death (as set forth in CAPRICORNUS) He has purchased and -procured unspeakable blessings for His redeemed. This sign (AQUARIUS) -tells of those blessings being poured forth, and of the speedy return of -Him who is to bring "rivers of blessing," and to fill this earth with -blessing and glory "as the waters cover the sea." - - - "Then take, LORD, thy kingdom, and come in Thy glory; - Make the scene of Thy sorrows the place of Thy throne, - Complete all the blessing which ages in story - Have told of the triumphs so justly Thine own." - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign PISCES (The Fishes). - - - _The Blessings of the Redeemed in abeyance._ - -In this third chapter of the Second Book we come to the results of the -Redeemer's work enjoyed, but in connection with conflict, as is seen in -the last of the three sections (the constellation of _Andromeda_, _the -chained woman_), which leads up to the last chapter of the book, and ends -it in triumph over every enemy. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 21: PISCES (the Fish) and the Band - - -The Sign is pictured as two large fishes bound together by a _Band_, the -ends of which are fastened separately to their tails. One fish is -represented with its head pointing upwards towards the North Polar Star, -the other is shown at right angles, swimming along the line of the -ecliptic, or path of the sun. - -The ancient Egyptian name, as shown on the Denderah Zodiac, is _Pi-cot -Orion_, or _Pisces Hori_, which means _the fishes of Him that cometh_. - -The Hebrew name is _Dagim_, _the Fishes_, which is closely connected with -_multitudes_, as in Gen. xlviii. 26, where Jacob blesses Joseph's sons, -and says, "Let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth." The -margin says, "Let them grow _as fishes do increase_." It refers to the -fulfilment of Gen. i. 28, "Be fruitful and multiply." The _multitude_ of -Abraham's seed is prominent in the pronouncement of the blessings, where -God compared his future posterity to the stars of the sky, and the sand -upon the sea shore. "A very great multitude of fish," as in Ezek. xlvii. -9. - -The Syriac name is _Nuno_, _the fish_, _lengthened out (as in posterity)_. - -The sign, then, speaks of the multitudes who should enjoy the blessings of -the Redeemer's work. - -And here we must maintain that "the Church," which is "the Body of -Christ," was a subject that was never revealed to man until it was made -known to the Apostle Paul by a special revelation. The Holy Spirit -declares (Rom. xvi. 25) that it "was kept secret since the world began." -In Eph. iii. 9 he declares that it "from the beginning of the world hath -been hid in God"; and in Col. i. 26, that it "hath been hid from ages and -from generations, but now is made manifest to His saints." In each -scripture which speaks of it as "now made manifest," or "now made known," -it is distinctly stated that it was "a mystery," _i.e._, a _secret_, and -had, up to that moment, been hidden from mankind, hidden "in God." How, -then, we ask, can "the Church," which was _a subsequent_ revelation, be -read into the previous prophecies, whether written in the Old Testament -Scriptures, or made known in the Heavens? If the Church was revealed in -prophecy, then it could not have been said to be hidden or kept secret. If -the _first_ revelation of it was made known to Paul, as he distinctly -affirms it was, then it could not have been revealed before. Unless we see -this very clearly, we cannot "rightly divide the word of truth" (2 Tim. -ii. 15). And if we do not rightly divide the word of truth, in its -subjects, and times, and dispensations, we must inevitably be landed in -confusion and darkness, interpreting of the Church, scriptures which -belong only to Israel. - -The Church, or Body of Christ, is totally distinct from every class of -persons who are made the subject of prophecy. Not that the Church of God -was an after-thought. No, it was a Divine secret, kept as only God Himself -could keep it. The Bible therefore would have been complete (so far as the -Old Testament prophecies are concerned) if the Epistles (which belong only -to the Church) were taken out. The Old Testament would then give us the -kingdom prophesied; the Gospels and Acts, the King and the kingdom offered -and rejected; then the Apocalypse would follow, showing how that promised -kingdom will yet be set up with Divine judgment, power, and glory. - -If these Signs and these star-pictures be the results of inspired -patriarchs, then this Sign of PISCES can refer to "His seed," prophesied -of in Isa. liii.: "He shall see His seed." It must refer to - - - "The nation whose God is the LORD, - And the people whom He hath chosen for His own inheritance." - - (Ps. xxxiii. 12.) - - "Such as be blessed of Him shall inherit the earth." - - (Ps. xxxvii. 22.) - - "The LORD shall increase you more and more, - You and your children, - Ye are blessed of the LORD." - - (Ps. cxv. 14, 15.) - - "Their seed shall be known among the Gentiles. - And their offspring among the people; - All that see them shall acknowledge them, - That they are the seed which the LORD hath blessed." - - (Isa. lxi. 9.) - - "They are the seed of the blessed of the LORD, - And their offspring with them." - - (Isa. lxv. 23.) - - -The prophecy of this Sign was afterwards written in the words of Isa. -xxvi. 15--the song which shall yet be sung in the land of Judah: - - - "Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, - Thou hast increased the nation." - - -And in Isa. ix. 3 (R.V.), speaking of the glorious time when the -government shall be upon the shoulder of the coming King: - - - "Thou hast multiplied the nation, - Thou hast increased their joy." - - -Of that longed-for day Jeremiah sings (xxx. 19): - - - "I will multiply them - And they shall not be few; - I will also glorify them, - And they shall not be small." - - -Ezekiel also is inspired to say: - - - "I will multiply men upon you, - All the house of Israel, even all of it: - And the cities shall be inhabited, - And the wastes shall be builded; - And I will multiply upon you man and beast, - And they shall increase and bring fruit." - - (Ezek. xxxvi. 10, 11.) - - "Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them; - It shall be an everlasting covenant with them! - And I will place them, and multiply them, - And will set My sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore." - - (Ezek. xxxvii. 26.) - - -Indeed, this Sign of PISCES has always been interpreted of Israel. Both -Jews and Gentiles have agreed in this. ABARBANEL, a Jewish commentator, -writing on Daniel, affirms that the Sign PISCES always refers to the -people of Israel. He gives five reasons for this belief, and also affirms -that a conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn always betokens a -crisis in the affairs of Israel. Because such a conjunction took place in -his day (about 1480 A.D.) he looked for the coming of Messiah.(51) - -Certain it is, that when the sun is in PISCES all the constellations which -are considered _noxious_, are seen above the horizon. What is true in -astronomical observation is true also in historical fact. When God's -favour is shown to Israel, "the Jew's enemy" puts forth his malignant -powers. When they increased and multiplied in Egypt, he endeavoured to -compass the destruction of the nation by destroying the male children; but -their great Deliverer remembered His covenant, defeated the designs of the -enemy, and brought the counsel of the heathen to nought. So it was in -Persia; and so it will yet be again when the hour of Israel's final -deliverance has come. - -There can be no doubt that we have in this Sign the foreshowing of the -multiplication and blessing of the children of promise, and a token of -their coming deliverance from all the power of the enemy. - -But why _two_ fishes? and why is one horizontal and the other -perpendicular? The answer is, that not only in Israel, but in the seed of -Seth and Shem there were always those who looked for a heavenly portion, -and were "partakers of a heavenly calling." In Heb. xi. we are distinctly -told that Abraham "looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder -and maker is God" (_v._ 10). They were "strangers and pilgrims on the -earth" (_v._ 13). _Strangers_ are those without a home, and _pilgrims_ are -those who are journeying home: "they seek a country" (_v._ 14). They -desired "a better country, that is, an HEAVENLY: wherefore God is not -ashamed(52) to be called their God; for He hath prepared for them a city" -(_v._ 16). It is clear, therefore, that what are called the "Old Testament -Saints" were "partakers of THE HEAVENLY CALLING" (Heb. iii. 1), which -included a heavenly portion and a heavenly home; and all through the ages -there have been "partakers of the heavenly calling." This is quite -distinct from the calling of the Church, which is from both Jews and -Gentiles to form "one body," a "new man" in Christ (Eph. ii. 15). It must -be distinct, for it is expressly stated at the end of that chapter (Heb. -xi. 40) that God has "PROVIDED (marg. _forseen_) SOME BETTER THING FOR -US." How can this be a "better thing," if it is the _same thing_? There -must be two separate things if one is "better" than the other! Our calling -in Christ is the "better thing." The Old Testament saints had, and will -have, _a good thing_. They will have a heavenly blessing, and a heavenly -portion, for God has "prepared for them a city," and we see that prepared -city, even "the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of -HEAVEN, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband" (Rev. xxi. 2). This -is the "heavenly" portion of the Old Testament saints, the Bride of -Christ. The Church will have a still "better" portion, for "they without -us should not be made perfect" (Heb. xi. 40). - -The fish, shooting upwards to the Polar Star, exquisitely pictures this -"heavenly calling"; while the other fish, keeping on the horizontal line, -answers to those who were content with an earthly portion. - -But both alike were divinely called, and chosen, and upheld. The names of -two of the stars in the sign (not identified) are _Okda_ (Hebrew), _the -united_, and _Al Samaca_ (Arabic), _the upheld_.(53) These again speak of -the redeemed seed, of whom, and to whom, Jehovah speaks in that coming day -of glory in Isa. xli. 8-10 (R.V.):-- - - - "But thou, Israel, My servant, - Jacob, whom I have chosen, - The seed of Abraham My friend; - Thou whom I have taken hold of from the ends of the earth, - And called thee from the corners thereof, - And said unto thee, Thou art My servant; - I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away; - Fear thou not, for I am with thee; - Be not dismayed, for I am thy God! - I will strengthen thee; - Yea, I will help thee; - Yea, I will UPHOLD thee with the right hand of My righteousness." - - -This is the teaching of the Sign; and the first constellation takes up -this thought and emphasises it. - - - -1. THE BAND. - - - _The Redeemed Bound, but binding their Enemy._ - -The band that _unites_ these two fishes has always formed a separate -constellation. It is shown in Plate XXI. The Arabian poems of ANTARAH -frequently mention it as distinct from the Sign with which it is so -closely connected. ANTARAH was an Arabian poet of the sixth century. - -Its ancient Egyptian name was _U-or_, which means _He cometh_. Its Arabic -name is _Al Risha_, _the band_, or _bridle_. - -It speaks of the Coming One, not in His relation to Himself, or to His -enemies, but in His relation to _the Redeemed_. It speaks of Him who says: - - - "I drew them with cords of a man, - With bands of love; - And I was to them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws." - - (Hosea xi. 4, R.V.) - - -But it speaks also of His unloosing the bands with which they have been so -long bound. - -In the picture these fishes are bound. One end of the _band_ is fastened -securely round the tail of one fish, and it is the same with the other. -Moreover, this _band_ is fastened to the neck of _Cetus_, the sea monster, -while immediately above is seen a woman chained as a captive. These both -tell the same story, and, indeed, all are required to set forth the whole -truth. The fishes are _bound_ to _Cetus_; the woman (_Andromeda_) is -chained; but the Deliverer of both is near. Cepheus, the Crowned King, the -Redeemer, "the Breaker," the Branch, is seen coming quickly for the -deliverance of His redeemed. These are the three constellations of this -sign, and all three are required to set forth the story. - -Israel now is bound. The great enemy still oppresses, but deliverance is -sure. ARIES, _the Ram_, is seen with his paws on this band, as though -about to loosen the bands and set the captives free, and to fast bind -their great oppressor. - - - -2. ANDROMEDA (The Chained Woman). - - - _The Redeemed in their Bondage and Affliction._ - -This is a peculiar picture to set in the heavens. A woman with chains -fastened to her feet and arms, in misery and trouble; and bound, helpless, -to the sky. Yet this is the ancient foreshowing of the truth. - -In the Denderah Zodiac her name is _Set_, which means _set_, _set up as a -queen_. In Hebrew it is _Sirra_, _the chained_, and _Persea_, _the -stretched out_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 22: ANDROMEDA (the Chained Woman) - - -There are 63 stars in this constellation, three of which are of the 2nd -magnitude, two of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head), is called _Al Phiratz_ (Arabic), _the -broken down_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the body) is called _Mirach_ (Hebrew), _the -weak_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left foot) is called _Al Maach_, or _Al Amak_ -(Arabic), _struck down_. - -The names of other stars, not identified, are _Adhil_, _the afflicted_; -_Mizar_, _the weak_; _Al Mara_ (Arabic), _the afflicted_. ARATUS speaks of -_Desma_, which means _the bound_, and says-- - - - "Her feet point to her bridegroom - _Perseus_, on whose shoulder they rest." - - -Thus, with one voice, the stars of _Andromeda_ speak to us of the captive -daughter of Zion. And her coming Deliverer thus addresses her:-- - - - "O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, - Behold, ... in righteousness shalt thou be established: - Thou shalt be far from oppression; for thou shalt not fear: - And from terror; for it shall not come nigh thee." - - (Isa. liv. 11-14.) - - "Hear now this, thou afflicted.... - Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; - Put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem.... - Shake thyself from the dust; - Arise, and sit down, O Jerusalem: - Loose thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of - Zion. - For thus saith the LORD, Ye have sold yourselves for nought; - And ye shall be redeemed without money." - - (Isa. li. 21-lii. 3.) - - -"The virgin daughter of My people is broken with a great breach, with a -very grievous blow" (Jer. xiv. 17). - -The picture which sets forth her deliverance is reserved for the next -chapter (or Sign), where it comes in its proper place and order. We are -first shown her glorious Deliverer; for we never, in the heavens or in the -Word, have a reference to the sufferings without an _immediate_ reference -to the glory. - - - -3. CEPHEUS (The King). - - - _Their Redeemer Coming to Rule._ - -Here we have the presentation of a glorious king, crowned, and enthroned -in the highest heaven, with a sceptre in his hand, and his foot planted on -the very Polar Star itself. - -His name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Pe-ku-hor_, which means _this one -cometh to rule_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 23: CEPHEUS (the Crowned King) - - -The Greek name by which he is now known, _Cepheus_, is from the Hebrew, -and means _the branch_, and is called by EURIPIDES _the king_. - -An old Ethiopian name was _Hyk_, _a king_. - -There are 35 stars, _viz._, three of the 3rd magnitude, seven of the 4th, -etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left shoulder), is called _Al Deramin_, -which means _coming quickly_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the girdle), is named _Al -Phirk_ (Arabic), _the Redeemer_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left knee), is called -_Al Rai_, which means _who bruises_ or _breaks_. - -It is impossible to mistake the truth which these names teach. The Greeks, -though they had lost it, yet preserved a trace of it, even in their -perversion of it; for they held that _Cepheus_ was the father of -_Andromeda_, and that _Perseus_ was her husband. - -Yes; this is the glorious King of Israel, the "King of kings, and Lord of -lords." It is He who calls Israel His "son," and will yet manifest it to -all the world. - -In Jer. xxxi., after speaking of Israel's restoration, Jehovah says (_v._ -1):-- - - - "At the same time, saith the LORD, will I be the God of all the - families of Israel, - And they shall be My people.... - For I am a father to Israel, - And Ephraim is My firstborn" - - (_v._ 9). - - -As He said to Moses: "Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my -firstborn" (Exod. iv. 22). - -Here is the foundation of Israel's blessing. True, it is now in abeyance, -but "the LORD reigneth," and will in due time make good His Word, for - - - "The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever. - The thoughts of His heart to all generations." - - (Ps. xxxiii. 11.) - - -This leads us up to the last chapter of the Second Book, which shows us -the fulfilment of all the prophecies concerning the Redeemed and the sure -foundation on which their great hope of glory is based. - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign ARIES (The Ram or Lamb). - - - _The Blessings of the Redeemed Consummated and Enjoyed._ - -This Second Book began with _the Goat_ dying in sacrifice, and it ends -with the Lamb living again, "as it had been slain." The goat had the tail -of a fish, indicating that his death was for a _multitude_ of the -redeemed. In the two middle Signs we have had these fishes presented to us -in grace, and in their conflict. We come now to the last chapter of the -book: and, as we have seen, like each of the other books, it ends up with -victory and triumph. Here we are first shown the foundation on which that -victory rests, namely, Atonement. Hence we are taken back and reminded of -the "blood of the Lamb." - -This is pictured by a ram, or lamb, full of vigour and life; not falling -in death as _Capricornus_ is. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 24: ARIES (the Ram) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac its name is _Tametouris Ammon_, which means _the -reign_, _dominion_, or _government of Ammon_. The lamb's head is without -horns, and is crowned with a circle. - -The Hebrew name is _Taleh_, _the lamb_. The Arabic name is _Al Hamal_, -_the sheep_, _gentle_, _merciful_. This name has been mistakenly given by -some to the principal star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}. The Syriac name is _Amroo_, as in the -Syriac New Testament in John i. 29: "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh -away the sin of the world." The ancient Akkadian name was _Bara-ziggar_. -_Bar_ means _altar_, or _sacrifice_; and _ziggar_ means _right making_; so -that the full name would be _the sacrifice of righteousness_. - -There are 66 stars in this sign, one being of the 2nd magnitude, two of -the 4th, etc. - -Its chief star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the forehead), is named _El Nath_,(54) or _El -Natik_, which means _wounded_, _slain_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left horn), is -called _Al Sheratan_, _the bruised_, _the wounded_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (near to -{~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}), is called _Mesartim_ (Hebrew), _the bound_. - -How is it there is no conflicting voice? How is it that all the stars -unite in one harmonious voice in testifying of the Lamb of God, slain, and -bruised, but yet living for evermore, singing together, "Worthy is the -Lamb that was slain to receive power and riches, and wisdom, and strength, -and honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v. 12)? - -This rejoicing connected with the Lamb shines faintly through the heathen -perversions and myths: for HERODOTUS tells us how the ancient Egyptians, -once a year, when it opened by the entrance of the sun into ARIES,(55) -slew a Ram, at the festival of Jupiter Ammon; branches were placed over -the doors, the Ram was garlanded with wreaths of flowers and carried in -procession. Now the sun entered ARIES on the 14th of the Jewish month -Nisan, and _another lamb_ was then ordered to be slain, even "the LORD'S -passover"--the type of that Lamb that should in the fulness of time be -offered without blemish and without spot. Owing to the precession of the -equinoxes, the sun, at the time of the Exodus, had receded into this sign -of ARIES, which then marked the Spring Equinox. But by the time that the -antitype--the Lamb of God, was slain, the sun had still further receded, -and on the 14th of Nisan, in the year of the Crucifixion, stood at the -very spot marked by the stars {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _El Nath_, _the pierced_, _the wounded_ -or _slain_, and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, _Al Sheratan_, _the bruised_ _or wounded_! God so -ordained "the times and seasons" that during that noon-day darkness the -sun was seen near those stars which had spoken for so many centuries of -this bruising of the woman's Seed--the Lamb of God. - -Was this design? or was it chance? It is far easier to believe the former. -It makes a smaller demand upon our faith; yes, we are compelled to believe -that He who created the sun and the stars "for signs and for cycles," -ordained also the times and the seasons, and it is He who tells us that -"WHEN THE FULNESS OF TIME WAS COME, God sent forth His Son" (Gal. iv. 4), -and that "in due time Christ died for the ungodly" (Rom. v. 6). - - - -1. CASSIOPEIA (The Enthroned Woman). - - - _The Captive Delivered, and Preparing for her Husband, the Redeemer._ - -In the last chapter we saw the _woman bound_; here we see the same woman -freed, delivered, and enthroned. - -ULUGH BEY says its Arabic name is _El Seder_, which means _the freed_. - -In the Denderah Zodiac her name is _Set_, which means _set_, _set up as -Queen_. ALBUMAZER says this constellation was anciently called "_the -daughter of splendour_." This appears to be the meaning of the word -_Cassiopeia_, _the enthroned_, _the beautiful_. The Arabic name is -_Ruchba_, _the enthroned_. This is also the meaning of its Chaldee name, -_Dat al cursa_. - -There are 55 stars in this constellation, of which five are of the 3rd -magnitude, five of the 4th, etc. - -This beautiful constellation passes vertically over Great Britain every -day, and is easily distinguished by its five brightest stars, forming an -irregular W. - - [Illustration] - - Illustration showing the W of Cassiopeia - - -This brilliant constellation contains one binary star, a triple star, a -double star, a quadruple star, and a large number of nebulae. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 25: CASSIOPEIA (the Enthroned Woman) - - -In the year 1572 Tycho Brahe discovered in this constellation, and very -near the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (under the arm of the chair), a new star, which shone more -brightly than Venus. It was observed for nearly two years, and disappeared -entirely in 1574. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the left breast), is named _Schedir_ (Hebrew), -which means _the freed_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the top of the chair), likewise -bears a Hebrew name--_Caph_, which means _the branch_; it is evidently -given on account of the branch of victory which she bears in her hand. - -She is indeed highly exalted, and making herself ready. Her hands, no -longer bound, are engaged in this happy work. With her right hand she is -arranging her robes, while with her left she is adorning her hair. She is -seated upon the Arctic circle, and close by the side of _Cepheus_, the -King. - -This is "the Bride, the Lamb's wife, the heavenly city, the new -Jerusalem," the "partakers of the heavenly calling." - -He who has redeemed her is "the Lamb that was slain," and He addresses her -thus: - - - "Thy Maker is thine husband; - The LORD of Hosts is His name; - And the Holy One of Israel is thy Redeemer; - The God of the whole earth shall He be called. - For the LORD hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in - spirit, - Even a wife of youth when she is cast off, saith thy God. - For a small moment have I forsaken thee; - But with great mercies will I gather thee. - In overflowing wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; - But with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the - LORD thy Redeemer." - - (Isa. liv. 5-8. R.V.) - - "Thou shalt be a crown of beauty in the hand of the LORD, - And a royal diadem in the hand of thy God, - Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; - Neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate; - But thou shalt be called Hephzi-bah (_i.e._, _my delight is in - her_), - And thy land Beulah (_i.e._, _married_); - For the LORD delighteth in thee, - And thy land shall be married. - For as a young man marrieth a virgin, - So shall thy sons (_Heb._ thy Restorer) marry thee: - And as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, - "So shall thy God rejoice over thee. - - (Isa. lxii. 3-5, R.V.) - - "The LORD hath appeared of old (or from afar) unto me, _saying_, - Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love; - Therefore with loving kindness have I drawn thee. - Again will I build thee, and thou shalt be built, O Virgin of - Israel.... - He that scattered Israel will gather him, - And keep him as a shepherd doth his flock, - For the LORD hath ransomed Jacob, - And redeemed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he." - - (Jer. xxxi. 3-12, R.V.) - - -Can we close our eyes to the testimony of these scriptures--that Israel is -the Bride of the Lamb? When we have all these, and more, why should we -read "the Church" into these ancient prophecies, which was the subject of -a long-subsequent revelation, merely because (in Eph. v. 25) Christ's love -to His Church is _compared_ to a husband's love for his wife? "Husbands, -love your wives, even AS Christ also loved the Church." There is not a -word here about the Church being His wife. On the contrary, it reveals the -secret that the Church of Christ is to be the mystical "Body of Christ," -_part of the Husband_ in fact, "One new man" (Eph. ii. 15)! whereas -restored Israel is to be the Bride of this "New Man," the Bride of Christ, -the Lamb's wife! Blessed indeed it is to be united to Christ as a wife to -a husband, but glorious beyond all description to be "one" with Christ -Himself, part of His mystical Body. - -If men had only realised the wondrous glory of this mystery, they would -never have so _wrongly_ divided the Word of Truth by _interpreting_ Psalm -xlv. of this Mystical Christ. If we "rightly divide" it, we see at once -that this Psalm is in harmony with all the Old Testament scriptures, which -must be interpreted alike, and can be interpreted only of Israel however -they may be _applied_. - -Having spoken of the Godhead and glory of this King (faintly and in part -foreshown by _Cepheus_), the Holy Spirit goes on in the latter part of the -Psalm to speak of the Bride--the Queen: - - - "At Thy right hand doth stand the Queen in gold of Ophir, - Hearken, O daughter, and consider, incline thine ear; - Forget also thine own people, and thy father's house; - So shall the King desire thy beauty;(56) - For He is thy Lord; and worship thou Him.... - The King's daughter within _the palace_ is all glorious; - Her clothing is inwrought with gold, - She shall be led unto the King in broidered work; - The virgins her companions(57) that follow her shall be brought - unto thee," etc. - - (Ps. xlv. 9-17, R.V.) - - -Then shall she sing her Magnificat: - - - "I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, - My soul shall be joyful in my God; - For He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, - He hath covered me with the robe of righteousness, - As a bridegroom decketh _himself_ with ornaments, - And as a bride adorneth _herself_ with her jewels. - For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, - And as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring - forth; - So the Lord GOD [Adonai Jehovah] will cause righteousness and - praise to spring forth before all the nations." - - (Isa. lxi. 10, 11.) - - -This, then, is the truth set forth by this enthroned woman. The blessing -founded on Atonement, and the Redemption wrought by the Lamb that was -slain, result in a glorious answer to Israel's prayer, "Turn our -captivity, O LORD" (Ps. cxxvi. 4): when they that have "sown in tears -shall reap in joy," and the LORD shall loosen her bonds, and place her -enthroned by His side. - -This, however, involves the destruction of her enemy, and this is what we -see in the next section. - - - -2. CETUS (The Sea Monster). - - - _The Great Enemy Bound._ - -When John sees the New Jerusalem, the Bride, the Lamb's wife (Rev. xxi. -10, 2), Satan has been bound already: for we read, a few verses before -(xx. 1-3): "I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the -bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. And he laid hold of the -dragon, that Old Serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him -[_and kept him bound_] a thousand years, and cast him into the bottomless -pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the -nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled." - -This is what we see in the second section of this chapter--the second -constellation in ARIES. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 26: CETUS (the Sea Monster) - - -The picture is that of a great Sea-monster, the largest of all the -constellations. It is the natural enemy of fishes, hence it is placed here -in connection with this last chapter, in which fishes are so prominent. - -It is situated very low down among the constellations--far away towards the -south or lower regions of the sky. - -Its name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Knem_, which means _subdued_. It is -pictured as a monstrous head, trodden under foot by the swine, the natural -enemy of the serpent. The hawk also (another enemy of the serpent) is over -this figure, crowned with a mortar, denoting _bruising_. - -It consists of 97 stars, of which two are of the 2nd magnitude, eight of -the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. - -The names of the stars interpret for us infallibly the meaning of the -picture. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the upper mandible), is named _Menkar_, and -means _the bound_ or _chained enemy_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the tail), is called -_Diphda_, or _Deneb Kaitos_, _overthrown_, or _thrust down_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~} -(in the neck) is named _Mira_, which means _THE REBEL_. Its name is -ominous, for the star is one of the most remarkable. It is very bright, -but it was not till 1596 that it was discovered to be _variable_. It -disappears periodically _seven_ times in _six_ years! It continues at its -brightest for fifteen days together. M. Bade says that during 334 days it -shines with its greatest light, then it diminishes, till it entirely -disappears for some time (to the naked eye). In fact, during that period -it passes through several degrees of magnitude, both increasing and -diminishing. Indeed its variableness is so great as to make it appear -_unsteady_! - -Here, then, is the picture of the Great Rebel as shown in the heavens. -What is it, as written in the Word? - -The Almighty asks man:-- - - - "Canst thou draw out Leviathan with a fish hook? - Or press down his tongue with a cord? - Canst thou put a rope into his nose? - Or pierce his jaw through with a hook?... - Shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him? - None is so fierce that he dare stir him up." - - (Job xli. 1-10, R.V.) - - -But he whom man cannot bind can be bound by the Lamb, and He is seen with -"the Band" that has bound the fishes, now in His hands, which he has -fastened with a bright star to his neck, saying,-- - - - "Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, - Even the dregs of the cup of My fury; - Thou shalt no more drink it again, - But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee." - - (Isa. li. 22, 23.) - - "Behold, the LORD cometh forth out of His place - To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity.... - In that day the LORD, with His sore, and great, and strong sword, - Shall punish Leviathan, the piercing serpent, - And Leviathan, the crooked serpent; - And He shall slay the dragon that is in the sea." - - (Isa. xxvi. 21-xxvii. 1.) - - "For God is my king of old, - Working salvation in the midst of the earth. - Thou didst divide (marg. _Heb._, _break_) the sea by Thy strength, - Thou brakest the heads of the dragons (R.V. marg., _sea monsters_) - in the waters. - Thou brakest the heads of Leviathan in pieces." - - (Ps. lxxiv. 12-14.) - - -And this Second Book closes by revealing to us this glorious "Breaker." - - - -3. PERSEUS ("The Breaker.") - - - _"__The Breaker__"__ delivering His Redeemed._ - -Here we have set before us a mighty man, called in the Hebrew _Peretz_, -from which we have the Greek form _Perses_, or _Perseus_ (Rom. xvi. 13). -It is the same word which is used of Christ in Micah ii. 13. When He shall -surely "gather the remnant of Israel" (_v._ 12), it is written-- - - - "THE BREAKER is gone up before them.... - Their King is passed on before them, - And the LORD at the head of them." - - -This is what is pictured to us here. We see a glorious "Breaker" taking -His place before His redeemed, breaking forth at their head, breaking down -all barriers, and breaking the heads of Leviathan and all his hosts. In -His right hand He has His "sore, and great, and strong sword" lifted up to -smite and break down the enemy. He has wings on His feet, which tell us -that He is coming very swiftly. In His left hand He carries the head of -the enemy, whom he has slain. - -In the Denderah Zodiac His name is _Kar Knem_, _he who fights and -subdues_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 27: PERSEUS (the Breaker) - - -It is a beautiful constellation of 59 stars, two of which are of the 2nd -magnitude, four of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -Their names supply us with the key to the interpretation of the picture. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the waist) is called _Mirfak_, _who helps_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in -the right shoulder), is named _Al Genib_, which means _who carries away_. -The bright star in the left foot is called _Athik_, _who breaks_! - -In his left hand he carries a head, which, by perversion, the Greeks -called the head of Medusa, being ignorant that its Hebrew root meant _the -trodden under foot_.(58) It is also called _Rosh Satan_ (Hebrew), _the -head of the adversary_, and _Al Oneh_ (Arabic), _the subdued_, or _Al -Ghoul_, _the evil spirit_. - -The bright star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in this head), has come down to us with the name _Al -Gol_, which means _rolling round_. - -It is a most remarkable phenomenon that so many of these enemies should be -characterised by variable stars! But this head of _Medusa_, like the neck -of _Cetus_, has one. _Al Gol_ is continually changing. In about 69 hours -it changes from the 4th magnitude to the 2nd. During four hours of this -period it gradually diminishes in brightness, which it recovers in the -succeeding four hours; and in the remaining part of the time invariably -preserves its greatest lustre. After the expiration of this time its -brightness begins to decrease again. Fit emblem of our great enemy, who, -"like a _roaring lion_, goeth about seeking whom he may devour" (1 Pet. v. -8.); then changing into a _subtle serpent_ (Gen. iii. 8.); then changing -again into "an angel of light" (2 Cor. xi. 14.). "Transforming himself" -continually, to devour, deceive, and destroy. - -This brings us to the conclusion of the Second Book, in which we have seen -the Redeemed blessed with all blessings, delivered out of all conflict, -saved from all enemies. We have seen their Redeemer, "the Lamb slain from -the foundation of the world," "the Conqueror," "the King of Kings and Lord -of Lords." - -This is the Revelation recorded in the heavens. This is the prophetic -testimony inspired in the Book. And this is the heart-cry prompted by -both:-- - - - "Come, Lord, and tarry not, - Bring the long-looked-for day; - Oh, why these years of waiting here, - These ages of delay? - - Come, for Thy saints still wait; - Daily ascends their cry: - 'The Spirit and the Bride say, Come'; - Dost Thou not hear their cry? - - Come, for creation groans, - Impatient of Thy stay; - Worn out with these long years of ill, - These ages of delay. - - Come, for Thine Israel pines, - An exile from Thy fold; - Oh, call to mind Thy faithful word, - And bless them as of old. - - Come, for Thy foes are strong; - With taunting lips they say, - 'Where is the promised advent now, - And where the dreaded day?' - - Come, for the good are few; - They lift the voice in vain; - Faith waxes fainter on the earth, - And love is on the wane. - - Come, in Thy glorious might; - Come, with Thine iron rod; - Disperse Thy foes before Thy face, - Most mighty Son of God. - - Come, and make all things new, - Build up this ruined earth; - Restore our faded paradise, - Creation's second birth. - - Come, and begin Thy reign - Of everlasting peace; - Come, take the kingdom to Thyself, - Great King of Righteousness." - - _Dr. Horatius Bonar._ - - - - - -THE THIRD BOOK. THE REDEEMER. - - - HIS SECOND COMING. - -In this Third and Last Book we come to the concluding portion of this -Heavenly Revelation. Its subject is Redemption completed, and consummated -in triumph. No more sorrow, suffering, or conflict; no more the bruising -of the heel of the Redeemer. We have now done with the prophecies of "the -sufferings of Christ," and have come to those that relate to "the glory -that should follow." - -No more reference now to His _first_ coming in humiliation. No more coming -"forth" to suffer and die, a sacrifice for sins; the reference now is only -to His second coming in glory; His coming "unto" this earth is not to -suffer for sin (Heb. ix. 28.), but it will be a coming in power to judge -the earth in righteousness, and to subdue all enemies under His feet. - -Like the other two books, it consists of four chapters. - -The _first_ chapter is the prophecy of the coming Judge of all the earth. - -The _second_ sets before us the two-fold nature of the coming Ruler. - -The _third_ shows us Messiah's redeemed possessions--the Redeemed brought -safely home, all conflict over. - -The _fourth_ describes Messiah's consummated triumph. - - - - -Chapter I. The Sign TAURUS (The Bull). - - - _Messiah, the coming Judge of all the Earth._ - -The picture is that of a Bull rushing forward with mighty energy and -fierce wrath, his horns set so as to push his enemies, and pierce them -through and destroy them. - -It is a prophecy of Christ, the coming Judge, and Ruler, and "Lord of all -the earth." - - [Illustration] - - Plate 28: TAURUS (the Bull) - - -The Egyptian Zodiac of Denderah already, 4,000 years ago, had forgotten -the truth to which the prophecy had referred, and called him _Isis_, -_i.e._, _who saves or delivers_, and _Apis_, _i.e._, _the head or chief_. -The Bull is clearly represented, and in all the zodiacs which have come -down to us is always in the _act of pushing_, or _rushing_. - -The name of the sign in Chaldee is {~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Tor_. Hence, Arabic, _Al -Thaur_; Greek, _Tauros_; Latin, _Taurus_, etc. The more common Hebrew name -was {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Shur_, which is from a root which means both _coming_ and -_ruling_. There are several Hebrew words for bulls and oxen, etc. But the -common poetical term for all is {~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM~}, _Reem_, conveying the idea of -loftiness, exaltation, power, and pre-eminence. We find the root in other -kindred languages (Etruscan, Sanscrit, etc.), and it can be traced in the -name of Abram, which means _pre-eminent_ or _high father_; _Ramah_, _high -place_, etc. - -The stars in Taurus present a brilliant sight. There are at least 141 -stars, besides two important groups of stars, which both form integral -parts of the sign. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the bull's eye), has a Chaldee name--_Al -Debaran_, and means _the leader_ or _governor_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (at the tip of -the left horn) has an Arabic name--_El Nath_, meaning _wounded_ or _slain_. -Another prophetic intimation that this coming Lord should be first slain -as a sacrifice. - -Then there is the cluster of stars known as the _Pleiades_. This word, -which means _the congregation of the judge_ or _ruler_, comes to us -through the Greek Septuagint as the translation of the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, -_Chima_, which means _the heap_ or _accumulation_, and occurs in Job ix. -9; xxxviii. 31, 32, and Amos v. 8. - -It consists of a number of stars (in the neck of Taurus) which appear to -be near together. The brightest of them, marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} in all the maps,(59) has -come down to us with an Arabic name--_Al Cyone_, which means _the centre_, -and has given the idea to some astronomers that it is the centre of the -whole universe. The Syriac name for the Pleiades is _Succoth_, which means -_booths_. - -Another group of stars (on the face of the Bull) is known as _The -Hyades_,(60) which has the similar meaning of _the congregated_. - -Other stars, not identified, are named _Palilicium_ (Hebrew), _belonging -to the judge_; _Wasat_ (Arabic), _centre_ or _foundation_; _Al Thuraiya_ -(Arabic), _the abundance_; _Vergiliae_ (Latin), _the centre_ (Arabic, -_vertex_) _turned on_, _rolled round_. - -Every thing points to the important truth, and all _turns_ on the fact -that the Lord is COMING TO RULE! This is the central truth of all -prophecy. "The testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy." All hope for -Creation, all hope for the world, all hope for Israel, all hope for the -Church, turns on this, that "Jesus is coming again," and that when He -comes His saints, "the daughters of the King" (like the Pleiades and -Hyades), will be with Him. - -There is nothing of "the Church" revealed here. The Church will be caught -up to meet the Lord in the air, to be for ever with the Lord (1 Thess. iv. -17) _before_ He thus _comes unto_ the world in judgment. He will _come -forth_ to receive the members of His Body unto Himself, before He thus -comes with them to destroy all His enemies and "judge (or rule) the world -in righteousness." When we read this Sign of Taurus, therefore, we are to -understand that His Church will be _with_ Him, safe from all judgment. - -There is very much in the Scripture of the Book, (as there is in the -prophecies in the heavens) about the coming of the Lord in judgment; and -about this time of His indignation. For Enoch, who doubtless was used in -arranging these prophetic _signs_, uttered the prophetic _words_, "Behold -the Lord cometh with ten thousands of His saints to execute judgment upon -all and to convict all that are ungodly" (Jude 14, 15). - -We have said (pages 17, etc.) that at a very early period these signs were -appropriated to the Twelve Tribes of Israel, and borne upon their -"standards." This may be traced in the Blessing of Jacob (Gen. xlix.), and -in the Blessing of Moses (Deut. xxxiii.). Taurus was assigned to Joseph, -or rather to his two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, like the two powerful -horns: - - - "The firstling of his bullock (marg. _his firstling - bullock_)--majesty is his, - And his horns are the horns of the wild-ox (_Reem_). - With them he shall PUSH (marg. _gore_) the peoples, all of them, - even the ends of the earth. - And they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, - And they are the thousands of Manasseh." - - (Deut. xxxiii, 17, R.V.) - - -It is not, however, merely by men alone that this will be done, for David -sings: - - - "Thou art my King, O GOD.... - Through Thee will we PUSH down our enemies; - Through Thy Name will we tread them under that rise up against - us." - - (Ps. xliv. 5.) - - "I will punish the world for their evil, - And the wicked for their iniquity; - I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, - And will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.... - Every one that is found shall be THRUST THROUGH." - - (Isa. xiii. 11-15.) - - -Speaking of that day, the Holy Spirit says by Isaiah: - - - For the LORD hath indignation against all the nations," - And fury against all their host: - He hath utterly destroyed them, - He hath delivered them to the slaughter.... - The LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, - And a great slaughter in the land of Edom, - And the wild oxen [_Reem_] shall come down with them, - And the bullocks with the bulls; - And their land shall be drunken with blood, - And their dust made fat with fatness. - For it is the day of the LORD'S vengeance, - The year of recompense in the controversy of Zion." - - (Isa. xxxiv. 2-8, R.V.) - - "Behold, the LORD cometh forth out of His place - To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: - The earth also shall disclose her blood, - And shall no more cover her slain." - - (Isa. xxvi. 21.) - - -This is the united testimony of the two Revelations. It is pictured in the -heavens, and it is written in the Book. It is the prophecy of a coming -Judge, and of a coming judgment. - -It is, however, no mere _Bull_ that is coming. It is a man, a glorious -man, even "the Son of Man." This is the first development, shown in the -first of the three constellations belonging to the sign. - - - -1. ORION (The Coming Prince). - - - _Light Breaking Forth in the Redeemer._ - - [Illustration] - - Plate 29: ORION (the Glorious One) - - -This picture is to show that the coming one is no mere animal, but a man: -a mighty, triumphant, glorious prince. - -He is so pictured in the ancient Denderah Zodiac, where we see a man -coming forth pointing to the three bright stars (_Rigel_, _Bellatrix_, and -_Betelguez_) as his. His name is given as _Ha-ga-t_, which means _this is -he who triumphs_. The hieroglyphic characters below read _Oar_. Orion was -anciently spelt _Oarion_, from the Hebrew root, which means _light_. So -that Orion means _coming forth as light_. The ancient Akkadian was _Ur- -ana_, _the light of heaven_. - -Orion is the most brilliant of all the constellations, and when he comes -to the meridian he is accompanied by several adjacent constellations of -great splendour. There is then above the horizon the most glorious view of -the celestial bodies that the starry firmament affords; and this -magnificent view is visible to all the habitable world, because the -equinoctial line (or solstitial colure) passes nearly through the middle -of Orion. - -ARATUS thus sings of him:-- - - - "Eastward, beyond the region of the Bull, - Stands great Orion. And who, when night is clear, - Beholds him gleaming bright, shall cast his eyes in vain - To find a Sign more glorious in all heaven." - - -The constellation is mentioned by name, as being perfectly well known both -by name and appearance, in the time of Job; and as being an object of -familiar knowledge at that early period of the world's history. See Job -ix. 9; xxxviii. 31, and Amos v. 8 (Heb. {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT HIRIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _Chesil_, which means _a -strong one_, _a hero_, or _giant_). - -It contains 78 stars, two being of the 1st magnitude, four of the 2nd, -four of the 3rd, sixteen of the 4th, etc. - -A little way below {~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~} (in the sword) is a very remarkable nebulous star. A -common telescope will show that it is a beautiful nebula. A powerful -telescope reveals it as consisting of collections of nebulous stars, these -again being surrounded by faint luminous points, which still more powerful -telescopes would resolve into separate stars. - -Thus beautifully is set forth the brilliancy and glory of that _Light_ -which shall break forth when the moment comes for it to be said, "Arise, -shine, for thy light is come." - -The picture presents us with "the Light of the world." His left foot is -significantly placed upon the head of the enemy. He is girded with a -glorious girdle, studded with three brilliant stars; and upon this girdle -is hung a sharp sword. Its handle proves that this mighty Prince is come -forth in a new character. He is again proved to be "the Lamb that was -slain," for the hilt of this sword is in the form of the head and body of -a lamb. In his right hand he lifts on high his mighty club; while in his -left he holds forth the token of his victory--the head and skin of the -"roaring lion." We ask in wonder, "Who is this?"(61) and the names of the -stars give us the answer. - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the right shoulder), is named _Betelgeuz_, which -means _the coming_ (Mal. iii. 2) _of the branch_. - -The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left foot), is named _Rigel_, or _Rigol_, which means -_the foot that crusheth_. The foot is lifted up, and placed immediately -over the head of the enemy, as though in the very act of crushing it. -Thus, the name of the star bespeaks the act. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the left shoulder), is called _Bellatrix_, which -means _quickly coming_, or _swiftly destroying_. - -The name of the fourth star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (one of the three in the belt), carries us -back to the old, old story, that this glorious One was once humbled; that -His heel was once bruised. Its name is _Al Nitak_, _the wounded One_.(62) -Similarly the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} (in the right leg) is called _Saiph_, _bruised_, -which is the very word used in Gen. iii. 15, thus connecting Orion with -the primeval prophecy. Like Ophiuchus, he has one leg _bruised_; while, -with the other, he is _crushing_ the enemy under foot. - -This is betokened by other stars, not identified, named _Al Rai_, _who -bruises_, _who breaks_ (as in _Cepheus_); and _Thabit_ (Hebrew), _treading -on_. - -Other (Arabic) names relate to His Person: _Al Giauza_, _the branch_; _Al -Gebor_, _the mighty_; _Al Mirzam_, _the ruler_; _Al Nagjed_, _the prince_; -_Niphla_ (Chaldee), _the mighty_; _Nux_ (Hebrew), _the strong_. - -Some names relate to His coming, as _Betelgeuse_ and _Bellatrix_, as -above; _Heka_ (Chaldee), _coming_; and _Meissa_ (Hebrew), _coming forth_. - -Such is the cumulative testimony of Orion's stars, which, day after day, -and night after night, show forth this knowledge. That testimony was -afterwards written in the Book. The Prince of Glory, who was once wounded -for the sins of His redeemed, is about to rise up and shine forth for -their deliverance. Their redemption draweth nigh; for-- - - - "The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, - He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war; - He shall cry, yea, roar; - He shall prevail against His enemies. - I have [_He says_] long time holden my peace; - I have been still, and refrained myself: - Now will I cry like a travailing woman; - I will destroy and devour at once." - - (Isa. xlii. 13, 14.) - - -Then it will be said to His people (and the setting of the prophecy in its -beautiful introverted structure shows us the beauty and glory of the truth -it reveals):(63) - - - a | _Arise_, - b | Shine; for _thy light_ is come, - c | And _the glory of the _LORD is risen upon thee. - d | For, behold, the _darkness_ shall cover the earth, - _d_ | And gross _darkness_ the people; - _c_ | But _the _LORD shall arise upon thee, and _His - glory_ shall be seen upon thee. - _b_ | And the Gentiles shall come to _thy light_, - _a_ | And kings to the brightness of thy _rising_. - - (Isa. lx. 1-3.) - - -This is "the glory of God" which the heavens constantly declare (Ps. xix. -1). They tell of that blessed time when the whole earth shall be filled -with His glory (Num. xiv. 21; Isa. xi. 9); when "the glory of the LORD -shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together" (Isa. xl. 5), as -all see now the beauty of Orion's glory. - -But side by side with the glory which the coming Light of the world shall -bring for His people, there is "that wicked," whom the Lord "shall destroy -with the brightness of His coming." Hence, as in the concluding chapter -(IV.) of the _First_ Book (of which this _Third_ Book is the expansion) we -had in LYRA (_the harp_), as 1, Praise prepared for the Conqueror; and -in ARA (_the burning pyre_), as 2, Consuming fire prepared for His -enemies: so in the _first_ chapter of this book, we have in ORION, as 1, -Glory prepared for the Conqueror; and in ERIDANUS, as 2, the River of -wrath prepared for His enemies. This brings us to-- - - - -2. ERIDANUS (The River of the Judge). - - - _The River of Wrath Breaking Forth for His Enemies._ - -It issues forth, in all the pictures, from the down-coming foot of Orion. -While others see in it, from the ignorance of fabled story, only "the -River Po," or the "River Euphrates," we see in it, from the meaning of its -name, and from the significance of its position, _the river of the Judge_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 30: ERIDANUS (the River) - - -In the Denderah Zodiac it is a river under the feet of Orion. It is named -_Peh-ta-t_, which means _the mouth of the river_. - -It is an immense constellation, and our diagram is on a smaller scale than -the others (which are all in relative proportion, except where otherwise -noted). - -According to the Britannic catalogue, it consists of 84 stars; one of the -1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, eight of the 3rd, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (at the mouth of the river), bears the ancient name -of _Achernar_, which is in, as its name means, _the after part of the -river_. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (at the source of the river), is named _Cursa_, which -means _bent down_. The next, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (at the second bend in the river), is -called _Zourac_ (Arabic), _flowing_. Other stars, not identified, are -_Pheat_, _mouth_ (of the river); and _Ozha_, _the going forth_. - -Here, then, we have a river flowing forth from before the glorious -_Orion_. It runs in a serpentine course towards the lower regions, down, -down, out of sight. In vain the sea monster, _Cetus_, strives to stop its -flow. It is "the river of the Judge," and speaks of that final judgment in -which the wicked will be cast into the lake of fire. It was evidently -originally associated with _fire_; for the Greek myths, though gross -perversions, still so connect it. According to their fables, something -went wrong with the chariot of the sun, and a universal conflagration was -threatened. In the trouble, _Phaeton_ (probably a reference to the star -_Pheat_) was killed and hurled into this river, in which he was consumed -with its fire. The whole earth suffered from such a burning heat that -great disasters ensued. We see from this myth two great facts preserved in -the perverted tradition, _viz._, _judgment_ and _fire_. - -ARATUS also preserves the connection,-- - - - "For yonder, trod by heavenly feet, - Wind the scorched waters of Eridanus' tear-swollen flood, - Welling beneath Orion's uplifted foot." - - -Is not this the testimony afterwards written in _the Book_? Daniel sees -this very river in his vision of that coming day, when the true Orion -shall come forth in His glory. He says, "I beheld till the thrones were -placed, and one that was ancient of days did sit:... His throne was fiery -flames, and the wheels thereof burning fire. A FIERY STREAM ISSUED AND -CAME FORTH FROM BEFORE HIM." This is _the River of the Judge_; for he goes -on to say, "the judgment was set, and the books were opened" (Dan. vii. -9-11, R.V.). - -We have the same in Ps. xcvii. 3-5 (R.V.), which describes the scene when -the Lord shall reign: - - - "A FIRE GOETH BEFORE HIM, - And burneth up His adversaries round about. - His lightnings lightened the world: - The earth saw and trembled, - The hills melted like wax at the presence of the LORD, - At the presence of the Lord of the whole earth." - - -So again in Ps. l. 3, we read: - - - "Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence, - A FIRE SHALL DEVOUR BEFORE HIM, - And it shall be very tempestuous round about Him." - - -By Habakkuk the coming of the Lord is described; and it is written: - - - "His brightness was as the light, ... - Before Him went the pestilence, - And burning coals went forth at His feet." - - (Hab. iii. 5.) - - -What is this but _Orion_ and _Eridanus_! - -Again, it is written in Isaiah xxx. 27-33 (R.V.): - - - "Behold, the name of the LORD cometh from far, - Burning with His anger, and in thick rising smoke: - His lips are full of indignation, - And His tongue is as a DEVOURING FIRE: - And His breath is as AN OVERFLOWING STREAM [_of fire_].... - For a Topheth is prepared of old; - Yea, for the king [_Moloch_] it is made ready; - He hath made it deep and large; - The pile thereof is FIRE and much wood; - The breath of the LORD, LIKE A STREAM OF BRIMSTONE, doth kindle - it." - - -So, again, we read in Nahum i. 5, 6: - - - "The mountains quake at Him, - And the hills melt; - And the earth is burned up at His presence, - Yea, the world and all that dwell therein. - Who can stand before His indignation? - And who can abide in the fierceness of His anger? - His fury is POURED OUT LIKE FIRE." - - -In Isa. lxvi. 15, 16, we read: - - - "For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, - And with His chariots like a whirlwind, - To render His anger with fury, - And His rebuke with FLAMES OF FIRE, - For BY FIRE, and by His sword, will the LORD plead with all - flesh." - - -With this agree the New Testament scriptures, which speak of "the Day of -the Lord," "when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with His -mighty angels, IN FLAMING FIRE taking vengeance on them that know not God, -and that obey not the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ" (2 Thess. i. 7, 8). - -This is the true Eridanus. It is no mere "picture." It is a dread reality! -It is written in stars of fire, and words of truth, that men may heed the -solemn warning and "flee from the wrath to come"! - -But we ask, "Who may abide the day of His coming? and who shall stand when -He appeareth" (Mal. iii. 2)? "Who can stand before His indignation," when -"His fury is poured out like fire" (Nah. i. 6)? - -The answer is given in the next picture! - - - -3. AURIGA (The Shepherd). - - - _Safety for the Redeemed in the Day of Wrath._ - -Here is presented to us the answer to the question, "Who may abide the day -of His coming?" - - - "Behold, the Lord GOD (Adonai Jehovah) will come as a mighty one, - And His arm shall rule for Him: - Behold, His reward is with Him, - And His recompense before Him. - He shall feed His flock like a shepherd, - He shall gather the lambs in His arm, - And carry them in His bosom, - And shall gently lead those that give suck." - - (Isa. xl. 10, 11. R.V.) - - -This is exactly what is presented before us in this last section of the -chapter, which tells of the coming judgment. We have had the picture of a -mighty _Bull_ rushing forth; then the fiery river of _the Judge_; and now -we see _a Great Shepherd_. He is seated upon "the milky way," holding up -on his left shoulder a she goat. She clings to his neck, and is looking -down affrighted at the terrible on-rushing Bull. In his left hand he -supports two little kids, apparently just born, and bleating, and -trembling with fear. - -ARATUS says,-- - - - "She is both large and bright, but they--the kids-- - Shine somewhat feebly on _Auriga's_ wrist." - - -Is not this the Great Shepherd gathering the lambs in His arm? and -carrying them in His bosom? Is He not saying: - - - "I will save My flock, - And they shall no more be a prey." - - (Ezek. xxxiv. 22.) - - "And David my servant shall be king over them, - And they shall have one shepherd." - - (_ib._ xxxvii. 24.) - - "And they shall fear no more, - Nor be dismayed, - Neither shall they be lacking, saith the LORD." - - (Jer. xxiii. 4.) - - - [Illustration] - - Plate 31: AURIGA (the Shepherd) - - -AURIGA is from a Hebrew root which means _a shepherd_. It is a beautiful -constellation of 66 stars; one of the 1st magnitude, two of the 2nd, nine -of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body of the goat), points her out as the -prominent feature of the constellation, for its name _Alioth_ (Hebrew) -means _a she goat_. It is known by the modern Latin name _Capella_, which -has the same meaning. - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the shepherd's right arm), is called _Menkilinon_, -and means the _band_, or _chain of the goats_, and points out the truth -that they are never more to be lost again, but to be bound, with the bands -of love, to the Shepherd for evermore. - -The name of another star is _Maaz_, which means _a flock of goats_. - -Can there be any mistake as to who this Shepherd is? for the bright star -in his right foot is called _El Nath_(64) (like another in ARIES), which -means _wounded_ or _slain_. This is He, then, who was once bruised or -wounded in the heel. He is "the GOOD Shepherd," who gave His life for the -sheep (John x. 11), but He was "the GREAT Shepherd" brought again from the -dead (Heb. xiii. 20); and is now the CHIEF Shepherd (1 Pet. v. 4) seen in -the day of His coming glory. Another star emphasises this truth, for it is -named _Aiyuk_, which also means _wounded_ in the foot.(65) - -The star marking the kids is called _Gedi_ (Hebrew), _kids_. - -In Latin, the word _Auriga_ means a _coachman_ or _charioteer_, the band -in his right hand being taken as his _reins_. But the incongruity of a -_charioteer_ carrying a she-goat, and nursing two little kids, never -struck them; nor did the fact that he has no chariot and no horses! When -man blunders in the things of God, he does it thoroughly! - -In the Zodiac of Denderah the same truth was revealed more than 4,000 -years ago; but the Man, instead of carrying the sheep, is carrying a -sceptre, and is called _Trun_, which means _sceptre_ or _power_. But this -is a strange sceptre, for at the top it has the head of a goat, and at the -bottom, below the hand that holds it, it ends in a cross! With the -Egyptians the cross was a sign of _life_. They knew nothing of "the death -of the cross." Here, then, we see _life_ and _salvation_ for the sheep of -His flock when He comes to reign and rule in judgment. The truth is -precisely the same, though the presentation of it is somewhat varied. - -The connected teaching of the two constellations, _Eridanus_ and _Auriga_, -is solemnly set forth in Mal. iv. 1-3 (R.V.): - - - "Behold, the day cometh, - It burneth as a furnace; - And all the proud, and all that work wickedness, shall be stubble: - And the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of - hosts, - That it shall leave them neither root nor branch. - BUT UNTO YOU that fear My name shall the Sun of Righteousness - arise with healing in His wings; - And ye shall go forth and gambol as calves of the stall. - And ye shall tread down the wicked; - For they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet - In the day that I do make (marg. _do this_), saith the LORD of - hosts." - - -In Psalm xxxvii. this day is repeatedly referred to, the day when "the -wicked shall be cut off"; and it concludes by summarizing the same great -truth (_vv._ 38-40, R.V.): - - - "As for transgressors, they shall be destroyed together; - The latter end of the wicked shall be cut off, - But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD: - He is their stronghold in the time of trouble, - And the LORD helpeth them, and rescueth them; - He rescueth them from the wicked and saveth them, - Because they have taken refuge in Him." - - -Oh, that all who read these pages may heed the solemn warning, and flee -for refuge to Him who now, in this day of grace, is crying, "Look unto me, -and be ye saved, O all ye ends of the earth" (Isa. xlv. 22). - - - - -Chapter II. The Sign GEMINI (The Twins). - - - _Messiah's Reign as Prince of Peace._ - -All the pictures of this sign are confused. The Greeks claimed to have -invented them, and they called them Apollo and Hercules. They are given in -our illustration. The Latins called the Castor and Pollux; and the name of -a vessel in which Paul sailed is so called in Acts xxviii. 11, {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}. - -The name in the ancient Denderah Zodiac is _Clusus_, or _Claustrum Hori_, -which means _the place of Him who cometh_. It is represented by two human -figures walking, or coming. The second appears to be a woman. The other -appears to be a man. It is a tailed figure, the tail signifying _He -cometh_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 32: GEMINI (the Twins) - - -The old Coptic name was _Pi-Mahi_, _the united_, as in brotherhood. Not -necessarily united by being born at the same time, but _united_ in one -fellowship or brotherhood. The Hebrew name is _Thaumim_, which means -_united_. The root is used in Exod. xxvi. 24: "They (the two boards) shall -be coupled together beneath." In the margin we read, "Heb. _twinned_" -(R.V. double). The Arabic _Al Tauman_ means the same. - -We need not trouble ourselves with the Grecian myths, even though we can -see through them the original and ancient truth. The two were both heroes -of peculiar and extraordinary birth--sons of Jupiter. They were supposed to -appear at the head of armies; and as they had cleared the seas of pirates, -they were looked upon as the patron saints of navigation. (Hence the name -of the ship in Acts xxviii. 11.) They were held in high esteem both by -Greeks and Romans; and the common practice of taking oaths and of swearing -by their names has descended even to our own day in the still surviving -vulgar habit of swearing "By Gemini!" - -The more ancient star-names help us to see through all these and many -other myths, and to discern Him of whom they testify; even Him in His -twofold nature--God and Man--and His twofold work of suffering and glory, -and His twofold coming in humiliation and in triumph. - -There are 85 stars in the sign: two of the 2nd magnitude, four of the 3rd, -six of the 4th, etc. - -The name of {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head of the one at our right hand) is called -_Apollo_, which means _ruler_, or _judge_; while {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the head of the -other) is called _Hercules_, _who cometh to labour_, or _suffer_. Another -star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in his left foot), is called _Al Henah_, which means _hurt_, -_wounded_, or _afflicted_. Can we have a doubt as to what is the meaning -of this double presentation? In _Ophiuchus_ we have the two in one person: -the crushed enemy, and the wounded heel. But here the two great primeval -truths are presented in two persons; for He was "two persons in one God," -"God and man in one Christ." As man, suffering for our redemption; as God, -glorified for our complete salvation and final triumph. A star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -centre of his body), is called _Waset_, which means _set_, and tells of -Him who "set His face like a flint" to accomplish this mighty Herculean -work; and, when the time was come, "steadfastly set His face to go" to -complete it. - -He bears in his right hand (in some pictures) a palm branch. In the one -from which our illustration is taken, it is a club; but both the club of -this one and the bow of the other are _in repose_! These united ones are -neither in action nor are they preparing for action, but they are _at -rest_ and _in peace_ after victory won. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the knee of the -other, "Apollo") is called _Mebsuta_, which means _treading under feet_. -The names of other stars, which are not identified, have come down to us -with the same testimony. One is called _Propus_ (Hebrew), _the branch_, -_spreading_; another is called _Al Giauza_ (Arabic), _the palm branch_; -another is named _Al Dira_ (Arabic), _the seed_, or _branch_. - -The day has here come to fulfil the prophecies concerning Him who is "the -Branch," "the Branch of Jehovah," "the man whose name is the Branch." - - - "In that day shall the Branch of Jehovah be beautiful and - glorious; - And the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely - For them that are escaped of Israel." - - (Isa. iv. 2.) - - "Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, - And princes shall rule in judgment; - And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind." - - (Isa. xxxii. 1, 2.) - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, - And He shall reign as King and deal wisely, - And shall execute judgment and justice in the land. - In His days Judah shall be saved, - And Israel shall dwell safely: - And this is His name whereby He shall be called, - The LORD is our Righteousness." - - (Jer. xxiii. 5, 6, R.V.) - - "Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, - That I will perform that good word which I have spoken - Concerning the house of Israel and concerning the house of Judah. - In those days, and at that time. - Will I cause a Branch of Righteousness to grow up unto David; - And He shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land." - - (Jer. xxxiii. 14, 15, R.V.) - - -This is what we see in this sign--Messiah's peaceful reign. All is rest and -repose. We see "His days," in which "the righteous shall flourish; and -abundance of peace, so long as the moon endureth" (Ps. lxxii.). - -But, for this blessed time to come, there must be no enemy! All enemies -must be subdued. - -This brings us to the first section of this book. - - - -1. LEPUS (the Hare), THE ENEMY. - - - _The Enemy Trodden under Foot._ - -The names of the three constellations of this Sign, as well as the -pictures, are all more or less modern, as is manifest from the names being -in _Latin_, and having no relation to the ancient names of their stars. To -learn their real meaning, therefore, we must have recourse to the ancient -Zodiacs. In the Persian planisphere the first constellation was pictured -by a _serpent_. In the Denderah (Egyptian) Zodiac it is an unclean bird -standing on the serpent, which is under the feet of Orion. Its name there -is given as _Bashti-beki_. _Bashti_ means _confounded_, and _Beki_ means -_failing_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 33: LEPUS (the Hare) or ENEMY - - -ARATUS says,-- - - - "Below Orion's feet, the Hare - Is chased eternally." - - -It is a small constellation of 19 stars (all small), three of which are of -the 3rd magnitude, seven of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body), has a Hebrew name, _Arnebo_, which means -_the enemy of Him that cometh_. The Arabic, _Arnebeth_, means the same. -Other stars, not identified, are _Nibal_, _the mad_; _Rakis_, _the bound_ -(Arabic, _with a chain_); _Sugia_, _the deceiver_. - -There can be no mistaking the voice of this united testimony. For this -enemy is under the down-coming foot of Orion, and it tells of the blessed -fact that when the true Orion, "the Sun of Righteousness, shall arise," -and "the true light" shall shine over all the earth, He "shall tread down -the wicked" (Mal. iv.), and every enemy will be subdued under His feet. -"It is He that shall tread down our enemies" (Ps. lx. 12), as He has said: - - - "I will tread them in Mine anger, - And trample them in My fury ... - For the day of vengeance is in Mine heart, - And the year of My redeemed is come." - - (Isa. lxiii. 3, 4.) - - - -2. CANIS MAJOR (The Dog), or SIRIUS (The Prince). - - - _The coming Glorious Prince of Princes (Sirius)._ - -This second constellation carries on the teaching, and tells of the -glorious Prince who will thus subdue and reign. - -In the Denderah Zodiac he is called _Apes_, which means _the head_. He is -pictured as a hawk (_Naz_, {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~}, _caused to come forth_, _coming swiftly -down_). The hawk is the natural enemy of the serpent, and here it has on -its head a pestle and mortar, indicating the fact that he shall crush the -head of the enemy. - -In the Persian planisphere it is pictured as _a wolf_, and is called -_Zeeb_, which in Hebrew ({~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}) has the same meaning. Plutarch translates -it {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _Leader_. In Arabic it means _coming quickly_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 34: CANIS MAJOR (the Dog) and CANIS MINOR (the Second Dog) - - -Its ancient name and meaning must be obtained from the names of its stars -which have come down to us. There are 64 altogether. Two are of the 1st -magnitude, two of the 2nd, four of the 3rd, four of the 4th, etc. Of these -{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the head) is the brightest in the whole heavens! It is called -_Sirius_, _the Prince_ ({~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Sar_), as in Isa. ix. 6. - -_Sirius_(66) was, by the ancients, always associated with great heat. And -the hottest part of the year we still call "the dog days," though, through -the variation as observed in different latitudes, and the precession of -the equinoxes, its rising has long ceased to have any relation to those -days. Virgil says that Sirius - - - "With pestilential heat infects the sky." - - -Homer spoke of it as a star - - - "Whose burning breath - Taints the red air with fevers, plagues, and death." - - -It is not, however, of its heat that its name speaks, but of the fact that -it is the brightest of all the stars, as He of whom it witnesses is the -"Prince of princes," "the Prince of the Kings of the earth." - -Though this "Dog-Star" came to have an ill-omened association, it was not -so in more ancient times. In the ancient Akkadian it is called _Kasista_, -which means _the Leader_ and Prince of the heavenly host. While (as Mr. -Robert Brown, Junr., points out) "the Sacred Books of Persia contain many -praises of the star _Tistrya_ or _Tistar_ (_Sirius_), 'the chieftain of -the East.' "(67) - -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the left fore foot), speaks the same truth. It is -named _Mirzam_, and means _the prince_ or _ruler_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (in the -body) is called _Wesen_, _the bright_, _the shining_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} (in the -right hind leg) is called _Adhara_, _the glorious_. - -Other stars, not identified, bear their witness to the same fact. Their -names are--_Aschere_ (Hebrew), _who shall come_; _Al Shira Al Jemeniya_ -(Arabic), _the Prince or chief of the right hand_! _Seir_ (Egyptian), _the -Prince_; _Abur_ (Hebrew), _the mighty_; _Al Habor_ (Arabic), _the mighty_; -_Muliphen_ (Arabic), _the leader_, _the chief_. - -Here there is no conflicting voice; no discord in the harmonious testimony -to Him whose name is called "Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God ... the -Prince of Peace" (Isa. ix. 6). - -The names of the stars have no meaning whatever as applied to an Egyptian -Hawk, or a Greek Dog. But they are full of significance when we apply them -to Him of whom Jehovah says: - - - "Behold, I have given Him for a witness to the people, - A LEADER and commander to the people." - - (Isa. lv. 4.) - - -This is "the Prince of princes" (Dan. viii. 23, 25) against whom, "when -transgressors are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance ... shall -stand up," "but he shall be broken without hand," for he shall be -destroyed "with the brightness of His coming" (2 Thess. ii. 8). This is He -who shall come forth "King of kings and Lord of Lords" (Rev. xix. 16). - -But Sirius has a companion, and this brings us to-- - - - -3. CANIS MINOR (The Second Dog). - - - _The Exalted Redeemer (Procyon)._ - -The same facts are to be remembered concerning the Greek picture, and -Latin name of this constellation. - -The Egyptian name in the Denderah Zodiac is _Sebak_, which means -_conquering_, _victorious_. It is represented as a human figure with a -hawk's head and the appendage of a tail. - -This small constellation has only 14 stars according to the Britannic -catalogue. One of the 1st magnitude, one of the 2nd, one of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the body), is named _Procyon_, which means -REDEEMER, and it tells us that this glorious Prince is none other than the -one who was slain. Just as this chapter begins with _two_ persons in one -in the Sign (Gemini), one _victorious_, the other _wounded_; so it ends -with a representation of two princes, one of whom is seen triumphant and -the other as the Redeemer. This is confirmed by the next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (in the -neck), which is named _Al Gomeisa_ (Arabic), _the burthened_, _loaded_, -_bearing for others_. The names of the other stars, not identified, still -further confirm the great truth; _viz._, _Al Shira_, or _Al Shemeliya_ -(Arabic), _the prince_ or _chief of the left hand_, answering to the star -in _Sirius_. One _right_, the other _left_, as the two united youths are -placed. _Al_ _Mirzam_, _the prince_ or _ruler_; and _Al Gomeyra_, _who -completes_ or _perfects_. - -This does, indeed, complete and perfect the presentation of this chapter: -Messiah's reign as Prince of Peace; the enemy trodden under foot by the -glorious "Prince of princes," who is none other than the glorified -Redeemer. - -This is also what is written in the Book: - - - "Shall the prey be taken from the mighty, - Or the lawful captives(68) be delivered? - But thus saith the LORD, - Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away, - And the prey of the terrible shall be delivered: - For I will contend with him that contendeth with thee, - And I will save thy children. - And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; - And they shall be drunken with their own blood as with sweet wine; - And all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour, - And thy REDEEMER--the Mighty One of Jacob." - - (Isa. xlix. 24-26, R.V.) - - "When the enemy shall come in like a flood, - The Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him, - And the REDEEMER shall come to Zion." - - (Isa. lix, 19, 20.) - - "And He shall divide the spoil with the strong, - Because He hath poured out His soul unto death." - - (Isa. liii. 12.) - - - - -Chapter III. The Sign CANCER (The Crab). - - - _Messiah's Redeemed Possessions held fast._ - -With regard to the sign of CANCER, one thing is certain, that we have not -got the original picture, or anything like it. - -It does not agree with the names either of its three constellations which -have come down to us, or of its stars. - -In the ancient Denderah Zodiac it is represented as a _Scarabaeus_, or -sacred beetle.(69) In the Zodiac of Esneh and in a Hindu Zodiac (400 B.C.) -it is the same. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 35: CANCER (the Crab) - - -According to the Greeks, Jupiter placed this Crab amongst the signs of the -Zodiac. - -In Sir William Jones's Oriental Zodiac we meet with a crab, and an -Egyptian Zodiac found at Rome bears also the crab in this sign. - -The more ancient Egyptians placed _Hermanubis_, or _Hermes_, with the head -of an ibis or hawk, as the symbol of the sign now allotted to Cancer. - -The Denderah name is _Klaria_, or _the cattle-folds_, and in this name we -have the key to the meaning of the sign, and to the subject of this -chapter. - -The Arabic name is _Al Sartan_, which means _who holds_ or _binds_, and -may be from the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to bind together_ (Gen. xlix. 11). There is -no ancient Hebrew word known for the crab. It was classed with many other -unclean creatures, and would be included in the general term "vermin." - -The Syriac, _Sartano_, means the same. The Greek name is _Karkinos_, which -means _holding_ or _encircling_, as does the Latin, _Cancer_, and hence is -applied to the crab. In the word _Khan_, we have the traveller's rest or -_inn_; while _Ker_ or _Cer_ is the Arabic for _encircling_. The ancient -Akkadian name of the month is _Su-kul-na_, _the seizer_ or _possessor of -seed_. - -The sign contains 83 stars, one of which is of the 3rd magnitude, and -seven are of the 4th magnitude, and the remainder of inferior magnitudes. - -In the centre of the Sign there is a remarkably bright cluster of stars, -so bright that they can be sometimes seen with the naked eye. It looks -like a comet, and is made up of a great multitude of stars. Modern -astronomers have called it the _Beehive_. But its ancient name has come -down to us as Praesepe, which means _a multitude_, _offspring_. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the head), is called _Tegmine_, _holding_. The -star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (or {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}1 and {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}2), in the lower large claw, is called _Acubene_, -which, in Hebrew and Arabic, means _the sheltering_ or _hiding-place_. -Another is named _Ma'alaph_ (Arabic), _assembled thousands_; _Al Himarein_ -(Arabic), _the kids_ or _lambs_. - -North and south of the nebula _Praesepe_ are two stars, which Orientalists -speak of by a name evidently of some antiquity. _Asellus_ means an _Ass_, -and one was called _Asellus Boreas_, _the northern Ass_; while the other, -_Asellus Australis_, is _the southern Ass_. - -The sign was afterwards known by the symbol {~CANCER~}, which stands for these two -asses.(70) - -This connects it with the Tribe of Issachar, who is said to have borne -upon the Tribal standard the sign of _two asses_. - -This is doubtless the reference in Jacob's blessing (Gen. xlix. 11, -R.V.):-- - - - "Issachar is a strong ass, - Couching down between the sheepfolds; - And he saw a resting-place that it was good; - And the land that it was pleasant; - And he bowed his shoulder to bear, - And became a servant under task work." - - -Have we not here the gathering up of the teaching of this sign-- - - _Messiah's redeemed possessions held fast._ - -Here we come to the completion of His work. In CANCER we see it with -reference to His _redeemed_, and in the next (the last) Sign, LEO, with -reference to His _enemies_. - -The three constellations develope the truth. What is now called _Ursa -Minor_ is _the Lesser Flock_; _Ursa Major_ gives us _The Sheepfold and the -Sheep_; while _Argo_, _The Ship_, shows the travellers and the pilgrims -brought safely home--all conflict over. - -To accomplish this, we see the true Issachar bowing his shoulder to bear. -He could say, "My soul is bowed down" (Ps. lvii. 6). HE became a servant, -and humbled Himself to death. HE undertook the mighty task of saving His -people from their sins. "Their Redeemer is strong" (Jer. l. 34); for help -was laid on "One that was mighty" (Ps. lxxxix. 19). And His redeemed shall -come to a resting-place that is good, and to a land that is pleasant. No -earthly Khan on earth affords them a home. They look for a heavenly home, -and in the many mansions of the Father's house they shall find eternal -rest. - -Here we see that sheltering home to which the names of these stars point; -where the assembled thousands (_Ma'alaph_) shall be received into the true -_Klaria_, even the "everlasting habitations." - -These are now to be shown to us. - - - -1. URSA MINOR (The Little Bear). - - - _The Lesser Sheepfold._ - -Here we come to another grievous mistake, or ignorant perversion of -primitive truth, as shown in the ancient names of these two -constellations. - -It is sufficient to point to the fact that no Bear is found in any -Chaldean, Egyptian, Persian, or Indian Zodiacs, and that no bear was ever -seen with such a tail! No one who had ever seen a bear would have called -attention to a tail, such as no bear ever had, by placing in its very tip -the most important, wondrous, and mysterious Polar Star, the central star -of the heavens, round which all others revolve. The patriarchal -astronomers, we may be sure, committed no such folly as this. - -The primitive truth that there were _two_, or a pair of constellations is -preserved; and that of these two, one is larger, and the other smaller. -But what were they? We have the clue to the answer in the name of the -brightest star of the larger constellation, which is called _Dubheh_. Now -_Dubheh_ means _a herd of animals_. In Arabic, _Dubah_ means _cattle_. In -Hebrew, {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _Dohver_, is _a fold_; and hence in Chaldee it meant -_wealth_. The Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _Dohveh_, means _rest_ or _security_; and -certainly there is not much of either to be found or enjoyed with bears! -The word occurs in Deut. xxxiii. 25: "As thy days so shall thy strength -be." The Revised Version gives in the margin, "So shall _thy rest_ or -_security_ be." This accords with what we have already seen under -"CANCER": "Couching down between the sheepfolds,(71) he saw a resting- -place that it was good." - -Here are the two Sheepfolds, then; the Greater fold, and Lesser; and here -is the _rest_ and _security_ which the flocks will find therein. - -But in Hebrew there is a word very similar in sound, though not in -spelling--{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~} or {~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, _dohv_, which means _a bear_! So we find in Arabic -_dub_; Persian, _deeb_ and _dob_. We can see, therefore, how the Hebrew -_Dohver_, _a fold_, and _Dohv_, _a bear_, were confused; and how the -Arabic _Dubah_, _cattle_, might easily have been mistaken by the Greeks, -and understood as a bear. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 36: URSA MINOR - - -The constellation, which we must therefore call THE LESSER SHEEPFOLD, -contains 24 stars, _viz._, one of the 2nd magnitude, two of the 3rd, four -of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (at the point of the tail), is the most important in -the whole heavens. It is named _Al Ruccaba_, which means _the turned_ or -_ridden on_, and is to-day the Polar or central star, which does not -revolve in a circle as does every other star, but remains, apparently, -fixed in its position. But though the star does not revolve like the -others, the central point in the heavens is very slowly but steadily -moving. When these constellations were formed the Dragon possessed this -important point, and the star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, in _Draco_, marked this central point. -But, by its gradual recession, that point is sufficiently near this star -_Ruccaba_, in the _Lesser Sheepfold_, for it to be what is called "the -Polar Star." But, how could this have been known five or six thousand -years ago? How could it have been known when it received its name, which -means _the turned_ or _ridden on_? That it was known is clear: so likewise -was it made known in the written Word that the original blessing included -not merely the multiplication of the seed of faithful Abraham, but it was -then added, "And thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies" (Gen. -xxii. 17). - -This star was called by the Greeks {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, the "_Cynosure_." ARATUS -seems to apply this term to the whole of the seven stars of the _Lesser -Bear_. Mr. Robert Brown, Junr., shows(72) that {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, once supposed to -be Hellenic, is non-Hellenic, and possibly Euphratean in origin, from a -word which he transliterates _An-nas-sur-ra_, and renders it, "as it -literally means, _high in_ rising, _i.e._, in heavenly position." Is not -this the primitive truth of the Revelation? Will not this Lesser Fold be -high, yea, the highest in heavenly position? - -The Polar Star has been removed from the Dragon, and is now in _the Lesser -Fold_; and when the Dragon shall be cast down from the heavens, the -heavenly seed will be safely folded there. But this is _the Lesser -Sheepfold_. These are they who all through the ages have been "partakers -of the heavenly calling," who desired a better country, that is, a -_heavenly_; wherefore God "hath prepared for them a city," the city for -which Abraham himself "looked." This was no earthly city, but a city -"whose builder and maker is God" (Heb. xi. 10-16). These have always been -a smaller company, a "little flock," but the kingdom shall be theirs, even -the kingdom of God, for which they now look and wait. They have not yet -"received the promises; but, having seen them afar off" by faith, they -"were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were -strangers and pilgrims on the earth" (Heb. xi. 13). Their Messiah has -accomplished "the redemption of the purchased possession," and in due time -the redeemed will inherit it, "unto the praise of His glory" (Eph. i. 13). - -The bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} is named _Kochab_, which means _waiting Him who cometh_. -Other stars, not identified, are named _Al Pherkadain_ (Arabic), which -means _the calves_, or _the young_ (as in Deut. xxii. 6), _the redeemed -assembly_. Another, _Al Gedi_, means _the kid_. Another is _Al Kaid_, _the -assembled_; while _Arcas_, or _Arctos_ (from which we derive the term -_Arctic_ regions), means, according to one interpreter, _a travelling -company_; or, according to another, _the stronghold of the saved_. - -But there is not only the heavenly seed, which is compared "to the stars -of heaven," but there is the seed that is compared to "the sand of the -sea"--the larger flock or company, who will enjoy the earthly blessing. - -This brings us to-- - - - -2. URSA MAJOR (The Great Bear). - - - _The Fold and the Flock._ - -Of these it is written:-- - - - "But in Mount Zion there shall be those that escape, - And it shall be holy: - And the house of Jacob shall possess their possessions." - - (Obad. 17-19, R.V.) - - -It is a large and important constellation, containing 87 stars, of which -one is of the 1st magnitude, four of the 2nd, three of the 3rd, ten of the -4th, etc. It always presents a splendid appearance, and is perhaps, -therefore, the best known of all the constellations. - -In the Book of Job (ix. 9, and xxxviii. 31, 32) it is mentioned under the -name of _Ash_. "Canst thou guide _Ash_ and her offspring?" which is -rendered in the A.V., "Arcturus and his sons," and in the R.V., "The Bear -with her train" (marg., "_sons_"). The Arabs still call it _Al Naish_, or -_Annaish_, _the assembled together_, as sheep in a fold. The ancient -Jewish commentators interpreted _Ash_ as the seven stars of this -constellation. They are called by others _Septentriones_, which thus -became the Latin word for _North_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 37: URSA MAJOR - - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the back), is named _Dubhe_, which, as we have -seen, means _a herd of animals_, or _a flock_, and gives its name to the -whole constellation. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} (below it) is named _Merach_ (Hebrew), _the flock_ (Arabic, -_purchased_). - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (on the left of [Greek: beta]) is called _Phaeda_, or _Phacda_, -meaning _visited_, _guarded_, or _numbered_, as a flock; for His sheep, -like the stars, are both _numbered_ and _named_. (See Psalm cxlvii. 4.) - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~} is called _Alioth_, a name we have had in _Auriga_, meaning _a -she goat_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the middle of the tail) is called _Mizar_, _separate_ or -_small_, and close to it _Al Cor_, _the Lamb_ (known as "g"). - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~} (at the end of the so-called tail) is named _Benet Naish_ -(Arabic), _the daughters of the assembly_. It is also called _Al Kaid_, -_the assembled_. - -The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~} (in its right foot) is called _Talitha_. - -The names of other stars, not identified, all give the same testimony: _El -Alcola_ (Arabic), _the sheep-fold_ (as in Ps. xcv. 7; and c. 3); _Cab'd al -Asad_, _multitude_, _many assembled_; _Annaish_, _the assembled_; -_Megrez_, _separated_, as the flock in the fold; _El Kaphrah_, -_protected_, _covered_ (Heb. _redeemed_ and _ransomed_); _Dubheh Lachar_ -(Arabic), _the latter herd_ or _flock_; _Helike_ (so called by HOMER in -the _Iliad_), _company of travellers_; _Amaza_ (Greek), _coming and -going_; _Calisto_, _the sheepfold set_ or _appointed_. - -There is not one discordant voice in the rich abundance of this testimony. -We have nothing to do here with the Grecian myths about bears or wild -boars. We see only the innumerable seed _gathered_ by Him who _scattered_ -(Jer. xxxi. 10). - -Many are the Scriptures we might quote which speak of this gathering and -assembling of the long-scattered flock. It is written as plainly in the -Book, as it is in the heavens. The prophecies of this gathering are as -conspicuous in the Word of God as the "_Seven Stars_" are in the sky. It -is difficult even to make a selection from the wealth of such promises; -but few are more beautiful than that in Ezek. xxxiv. 12-16: - - - "As a shepherd seeketh out his flock - In the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered; - So will I seek out my sheep, - And will deliver them out of all places where they have been - scattered in the cloudy and dark day. - And I will bring them out from the people, - And gather them from the countries, - And will bring them to their own land, - And feed them upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers - And in all the inhabited places of the country. - I will feed them in a good pasture, - And upon the high mountains of Israel shall their fold be: - There shall they lie in a good fold, - And in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel. - I will feed my flock, - And I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord GOD. (Adonai - Jehovah). - I will seek that which was lost, - And bring again that which was driven away, - And will bind up that which was broken, - And will strengthen that which was sick: - But I will destroy the fat and the strong; - I will feed them with judgment." - - -It is of this judgment with which this book, and indeed the whole -Revelation, ends, in the next and final chapter. - -But before we come to that we have one more picture in the third -constellation of this Sign, which combines the first two in one. - - - -3. ARGO (The Ship). - - - _The Pilgrims safe at Home._ - -This is the celebrated ship of the Argonauts, which HOMER sung nearly ten -centuries before Christ. Sir Isaac Newton puts the expedition of the -Argonauts shortly after the death of Solomon (about 975 B.C.). While Dr. -Blair's chronology puts it 1236 B.C. - -Whatever fables have gathered round the story there can be no doubt as to -its great antiquity. Some think that the story had its origin in name, as -well as in fact, from the _Ark_ of Noah and its mysterious journey. All -that is clear, when divested of mythic details, is that the sailors in -that ship, after all their dangers, and toils, and battles were over, came -back victorious to their own shores. The "golden fleece," for which the -Argonauts went in search, tells of a treasure that had been _lost_. -"Jason," the great captain, tells of Him who recovered it from the -_Serpent_, which guarded it with ever-watchful eye, when none else was -able to approach it. And thus, through the fables and myths of the Greeks, -we can see the light primeval shine; and this light, once seen, lights up -this Sign and its constellations, so that their teaching cannot be -misunderstood. - -ARATUS sings of _Argo_:-- - - - "Stern-foremost hauled; no mark of onward-speeding ship. - Sternward she comes, as vessels do - When sailors turn the helm - On entering harbour: all the oars back-water, - And gliding backward, to an anchor comes." - - -It tells of that blessed home-coming, when-- - - - "The ransomed of the LORD shall return - And come to Zion with songs, - And everlasting joy upon their heads; - They shall obtain joy and gladness, - And sorrow and sighing shall flee away." - - (Isa. xxxv. 10.) - - -It tells of the glorious Jason,(73) of whom it is asked: - - - "Art thou not it which hath cut Rahab, - And wounded the dragon? - Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great - deep; - That hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to - pass over? - Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, - And come with singing unto Zion," etc. - - (Isa. li. 9-11.) - - "For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, - And ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he. - Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion - And shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD." - - (Jer. xxxi. 11, 12.) - - -This is the return of the great emigrant-ship (_Argo_) and all its -_company of travellers_ (for this is the meaning of the word _Argo_). - - [Illustration] - - Plate 38: ARGO (the Ship) - - -In Kircher's Egyptian Planisphere _Argo_ is represented by two galleys (as -we have two sheepfolds), whose prows are surmounted by rams' heads; and -the stern of one of them ends in a fish's tail. One of the two occupies -_four segments_ of the sphere (from Taurus to Virgo), while the other -occupies the four from Leo to Capricorn. _One half_ of the southern -meridians is occupied with these galleys and their construction and -decorations. Astronomers tell us that they carry us back, the one to the -period when the Bull opened the year (to which time VIRGIL refers); and -the other to the _same_ epoch, when the summer solstice was in Leo--"an era -greatly antecedent to the Argonautic expedition. How else, they ask, do we -account for the one ship having her prow in the first Decan of _Taurus_, -and her poop in the last Decan of _Leo_? or for one galley being freighted -with the installed _Bull_, and the other with the solstitial _Lion_?"(74) - -These are the words of an astronomer who knows nothing whatever of our -interpretation of the heavens which is set forth in this work. - -It will indeed be a large vessel, the true _Argo_, with its _company of -travellers_, "a great multitude which no man can number." All this is -indicated by the immense size of the Constellation, as well as by the -large number of its stars. There are 64 stars in _Argo_ (reckoning by the -Britannic catalogue); one of the 1st magnitude, six of the 2nd, nine of -the 3rd, nine of the 4th, etc. Only a small part of the ship's poop is -visible in Britain. - -Its brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (near the keel), is called _Canopus_ or _Canobus_, -which means _the possession of Him who cometh_. Other star-names, not -identified, are--_Sephina_, _the multitude_ or _abundance_; _Tureis_, _the -possession_; _Asmidiska_, _the released who travel_; _Soheil_ (Arabic), -_the desired_; and _Subilon_, _the Branch_. - -Is not all this exactly in harmony with the rest of this sign? And is not -this what is written in the Book? - - - "Therefore, fear thou not, O My servant Jacob, saith the LORD; - Neither be dismayed, O Israel: - For, lo, I will save thee from afar, - And thy seed from the land of their captivity; - And Jacob shall return and be in rest, - And be quiet, and none shall make him afraid, - For I am with thee, saith the LORD, to save thee." - - (Jer. xxx. 10, 11.) - - "Lift up thine eyes round about, and see; - All they gather themselves together, they come to thee; - Thy sons shall come from far, - And thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side, - Then thou shalt see, and flow together, - And thine heart shall fear and be enlarged; - Because the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee.... - Who are these that fly as a cloud? - And as doves to their windows? - Surely the isles shall wait for me, - And the SHIPS of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far." - - (Isa. lx. 4, 5, 8, 9.) - - -The whole chapter (Isa. lx.) should be read if we wish to understand the -great teaching of this Sign, which tells of Messiah's secured possessions, -the safe folding of His blood-bought flock, the blessed return of His -pilgrims, and their abundant entrance into everlasting rest. - - - "There is a blessed home - Beyond this land of woe, - Where trials never come, - Nor tears of sorrow flow; - Where faith is lost in sight, - And patient love is crowned, - And everlasting light - Its glory throws around. - - O joy, all joys beyond, - To see the Lamb who died, - And count each sacred wound - In hands, and feet, and side; - To give to Him the praise - Of every triumph won, - And sing through endless days - The great things He hath done. - - Look up, ye saints of God, - Nor fear to tread below - The path your Saviour trod - Of daily toil and woe; - Wait but a little while - In uncomplaining love, - His own most gracious smile - Shall welcome you above." - - - - -Chapter IV. The Sign LEO (The Lion). - - - _Messiah's Consummated Triumph._ - -Here we come to the end of the circle. We began with Virgo, and we end -with Leo. No one who has followed our interpretation can doubt that we -have here the solving of the Riddle of the Sphinx. For its _Head_ is Virgo -and its _Tail_ is Leo! - -In Leo we reach the end of the Revelation as inspired in the Word of God; -and it is the end as written in the heavens. - -BAILLY (_Astronomy_) says, "the Zodiac must have been first divided when -the sun at the summer solstice was in 1 deg. Virgo, where the woman's head -joins the Lion's tail." - -As to its antiquity there can be no doubt. JAMIESON says, "the Lion does -not seem to have been placed among the Zodiacal symbols, because Hercules -was fabled to have slain the Nemean Lion. It would seem, on the contrary, -that Hercules, who represented the Sun, was said to have slain the Nemean -Lion, because _Leo_ was already a Zodiacal sign. Hercules flourished 3,000 -years ago, and consequently posterior to the period when the summer -solstice accorded with _Leo_." (_Celestial Atlas_, p. 40). - -There is no confusion about _this_ sign. In the ancient Zodiacs of Egypt -(Denderah, Esneh) and India we find the Lion. The same occurs on the -Mithraic monuments, where Leo is _passant_, as he is in Moor's Hindu, and -Sir William Jones's Oriental Zodiacs. In Kircher's Zodiacs he is -_courrant_; in the Egyptian Zodiacs he is _couchant_. - -In the Denderah Zodiac he is treading upon a serpent, as shown in Mr. -Edward Cooper's _Egyptian Scenery_. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 39: LEO (the Lion) - - -Its Egyptian name is _Pi Mentekeon_, which means _the pouring out_. This -is no pouring out or inundation of the Nile, but it is the pouring out of -the cup of Divine wrath on that Old Serpent. - -This is the one great truth of the closing chapter of this last Book. It -is - - THE LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH AROUSED FOR THE RENDING OF THE PREY. - -His feet are over the head of _Hydra_, the great Serpent, and just about -to descend upon it and crush it. - -The three constellations of the Sign complete this final picture: - - - 1. _Hydra_, the old Serpent destroyed. - - 2. _Crater_, _the Cup_ of Divine wrath poured out upon him. - - 3. _Corvus_, the Bird of prey devouring him. - - -The Denderah picture exhibits all four in one. The Lion is presented -treading down the Serpent. The Bird of prey is also perched upon it, while -below is a plumed female figure holding out _two cups_, answering to -_Crater_, the cup of wrath. - -The hieroglyphics read _Knem_, and are placed underneath. _Knem_ means -_who conquers_, or _is conquered_, referring to the victory over the -serpent. The woman's name is _Her-ua_, _great enemy_, referring to the -great enemy for which her two cups are prepared and intended. - -The Hebrew name of the sign is _Arieh_, which means _the Lion_. There are -six Hebrew words for Lion,(75) and this one is used of the Lion _hunting -down his prey_. - -The Syriac name is _Aryo_, _the rending Lion_, and the Arabic is _Al -Asad_; both mean _a lion coming vehemently_, _leaping forth as a flame_! - -It is a beautiful constellation of 95 stars, two of which are of the 1st -magnitude, two of the 2nd, six of the 3rd, thirteen of the 4th. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (on the Ecliptic), marks the heart of the Lion -(hence sometimes called by the moderns, _Cor Leonis_, _the heart of the -Lion_). Its ancient name is _Regulus_, which means _treading under foot_. -The next star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, also of the 1st magnitude (in the tip of the tail), is -named _Denebola_, _the Judge_ or _Lord who cometh_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~} (in the -mane) is called _Al Giebha_ (Arabic), _the exaltation_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~} (on the -hinder part of the back) is called _Zosma_, _shining forth_. - -Other stars, not identified, are named _Sarcam_ (Hebrew), _the joining_; -intimating that here is the point where the two ends of the Zodiacal -circle have their _joining_. Another star has the name of _Minchir al -Asad_ (Arabic), _the punishing_ or _tearing of the Lion_. Another is -_Deneb Aleced_, _the judge cometh who seizes_. And another is _Al Dafera_ -(Arabic), _the enemy put down_. - -What can be more expressive? What can be more eloquent? All is harmony, -and all the names unite in pointing us to what is written of "the Lion of -the Tribe of Judah." - -And why is Messiah thus called? Because it is applied to Him in Rev. v. 5 -in connection with His rising up for judgment: and because the Lion is -known to have been always borne upon the standard of Judah, whether in the -wilderness (Num. ii.) or in aftertimes. - -In Israel's dying blessing the prophetic words foretold of Judah: - - - "Thy hand shall be on the neck of thine enemies; ... - Judah is a lion's whelp; - From the prey, my son, thou art gone up. - He stooped down, he couched as a lion, - And as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?" - - (Gen. xlix. 8, 9.) - - -In the prophecy of Balaam (Num. xxiv. 8, 9), we read: - - - "He shall eat up the nations his enemies, - And shall break their bones, - And pierce them through with his arrows, - He couched, he lay down as a lion, - And as a great lion; who shall stir him up?" - - -The same testimony is borne by the Prophet Amos: - - - "Will a lion roar in the forest when he hath no prey? - Will a young lion cry out of his den, if he hath taken nothing?... - The lion hath roared, who will not fear?" - - (Amos iii. 4, 8.) - - -When "the Lion of the tribe of Judah" is roused up for the rending, the -Spirit describes the scene in Isa. xlii. 13: - - - "The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, - He shall stir up jealousy like a man of war; - He shall cry, yea, roar; - He shall prevail against His enemies." - - -And this is what is meant and included when the Elder says for John's -comfort, "the Lion of the Tribe of Judah _hath prevailed_," and hence, is -"worthy ... to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and -honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v.). - -Whether we look, therefore, at the primeval Revelation in the heavens, or -at the later Revelation in the Word, the story is one and the same. - -And what we see of Leo and his work in both, we find developed and -described in the three constellations of the Sign. - - - -1. HYDRA (The Serpent). - - - _The Old Serpent Destroyed._ - -The time has at length come for the fulfilment of the many prophecies -pictured in the heavens: and in its three final constellations we see the -consummation of them all in the complete destruction of the Old Serpent, -and all his seed, and all his works. - - [Illustration] - - Plate 40: HYDRA (the Serpent), CRATER (the Cup), CORVUS (the Raven) - - -It is the special work of the Messiah, as "the Lion of the tribe of -Judah," to trample it under foot. - -It is pictured as _the female serpent (Hydra)_, the mother and author of -all evil. _Hydra_ has the significant meaning, _he is abhorred_! - -It is an immense constellation extending for above 100 degrees from east -to west, beneath the Virgin, the Lion, and the Crab. It is composed of 60 -stars; one of the 2nd magnitude, three of the 3rd, twelve of the 4th, etc. - -The brightest star, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the heart of the Serpent), is sometimes called -by the moderns _Cor Hydrae_ on that account. Its ancient name is _Al Phard_ -(Arabic), which means _the separated_, _put away_. Another is called _Al -Drian_, _the abhorred_. Another star is named _Minchar al Sugia_, _the -piercing of the deceiver_. - -There can be no doubt as to what is taught by the constellation of Hydra, -nor is it necessary to quote the Scriptures concerning the destruction of -the Serpent. We pass on to consider the second. - - - -2. CRATER (The Cup). - - - _The Cup of Divine wrath Poured out upon Him._ - - - "God is the Judge. - He putteth down one, and setteth up another, - FOR IN THE HAND OF THE LORD THERE IS A CUP, - And the wine is red; it is full of mixture, - And He poureth out of the same: - But the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring - them out and drink them." - - (Ps. lxxv. 8.) - - "Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, - Fire and brimstone, and a horrible tempest: - THIS SHALL BE THE PORTION OF THEIR CUP." - - (Ps. xi. 6.) - - -This is no fabled wine-cup of Bacchus; but it is "The cup of His -indignation" (Rev. xiv. 10); "The cup of the wine of the fierceness of his -wrath" (Rev. xvi. 19). This is what we see set forth in this -constellation. The Cup is wide and deep, and fastened on by the stars to -the very body of the writhing serpent. The same stars which are in the -foot of the Cup form part of the body of Hydra, and are reckoned as -belonging to both constellations. - -This Cup has the significant number of _thirteen_ stars (the number of -Apostacy). The two--_Al Ches_ ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}), which means _the Cup_, and ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~})--determine -the bottom of the Cup. - - - -3. CORVUS (The Raven). - - - _The Birds of Prey devouring the Serpent._ - -Here is the final scene of judgment. We have had _Zeeb_; _the Wolf_; now -we have _Oreb_, _the Raven_. _Her-na_ is its name in the Denderah Zodiac. -_Her_, means _the enemy_; and _Na_, means _breaking up_ or _failing_. That -is to say, this scene represents _the breaking up_ of the enemy. - -There are nine stars (the number of _judgment_) in this constellation. The -bright star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (in the eye) is called _Al Chibar_ (Arabic), _joining -together_, from the Hebrew _Chiba_ (Num. xxiii. 8), which means -_accursed_. This star, then, tells of _the curse inflicted_. The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~} -(in the right wing) is called _Al Goreb_ (Arabic), from Hebrew _Oreb_, -_the Raven_. A third star is named _Minchar al Gorab_ (Arabic), and means -_the Raven tearing to pieces_. - -This brings us to the end. There is nothing beyond this. Nothing remains -to be told. We know from the Word of God that-- - - - "The eye that mocketh at his father, - And despiseth to obey his mother, - The ravens of the valley shall pick it out." - - (Prov. xxx. 17.) - - -We remember how David said to the Giant Goliah--a type of this enemy of -God's people--"I will smite thee, and take thy head from thee; and I will -give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls -of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth" (1 Sam. xvii. 46). - -When the great day of this judgment comes, an angel standing in the sun -will cry "to all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven, Come, and -gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God; that ye may -eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty -men, and the flesh of horses, and of them that sit on them, and the flesh -of all men, both free and bond, both small and great" (Rev. xix. 17, 18). - -And after these awful words shall be fulfilled, in the closing words of -the prophecy of Isaiah, Jehovah foretells us how-- - - - "They shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that - have transgressed against Me; - For their worm shall not die, - Neither shall their fire be quenched; - And they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh." - - -This is the teaching of the whole Sign of LEO! It is all summed up in Jer. -xxv. 30-33:-- - - - "Therefore prophesy against them all these words, and say unto - them, - The LORD shall roar from on high, - And utter His voice from His holy habitation; - He shall mightily roar upon His habitation; - He shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, - Against all the inhabitants of the earth. - A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth; - For the LORD hath a controversy with the nations, - He will plead with all flesh; - He will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith the LORD. - Thus saith the LORD of hosts, - Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, - And a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the coasts of the - earth. - And the slain of the LORD shall be at that day from one end of the - earth - Even to the other end of the earth; - They shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; - They shall be dung upon the ground." - - -Here is the conclusion of the whole matter! Here is the final triumph of -the Son of Man in the consummated victory of the Seed of the woman: -"Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and -wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing" (Rev. v. 12). - - - "O what a bright and blessed world - This groaning earth of ours will be, - When from its throne the tempter hurled, - Shall leave it all, O Lord, to Thee! - - But brighter far that world above, - Where we, as we are known, shall know; - And, in the sweet embrace of love, - Reign o'er this ransomed earth below. - - O blessed Lord! with longing eyes - That blissful hour we wait to see; - While every worm or leaf that dies - Tells of the curse, and calls for Thee. - - Come, Saviour! Then o'er all below - Shine brightly from Thy throne above, - Bid heaven and earth Thy glory know, - And all creation feel Thy love." - - - - - -SUMMARY. - - -Man has ever sought to rob Christ of His glory. He has long since done his -best to obliterate His name and His work from the Revelation which had -been written in the stars of light. When He humbled Himself, and came as -the promised Seed of the woman, men "saw no beauty in Him that they should -desire Him." And these were _religious_ men. It was religious men, not the -common rabble, whom the Old Serpent made use of to wound Him in the heel. -The Devil could not touch Him himself; he must use them as his -instruments; and it was only _religious_ men that could be so used. - -It was the "chief priests and scribes," men learned in the Scriptures, -whose very knowledge of the Word was used to compass His death amongst the -babes at Bethlehem (Matt. ii. 4-6). - -It was the same priests and scribes who were used to put Him to death, and -give the long-prophesied wound in the heel. - -Religion without Christ is enmity against God! Knowledge of the Scriptures -where the heart is not subject to Christ, and where Christ is not seen in -them, is powerless and lifeless. It is true of the Scriptures, as it will -be of the heavenly Jerusalem--"THE LAMB IS THE LIGHT THEREOF" (Rev. xxi. -23). - -The Church of Rome has been used of the great enemy to rob the Lamb of God -of His promised glory. JEROME, in his Latin translation of the Bible (405 -A.D.), wrote "_ipse_," HE, in Gen. iii. 15, as the "bruiser of the -serpent's head." And, in spite of the fact that JEROME himself so quotes -it in his commentary, and that it is _masculine_ in all the other ancient -translations of the Bible, Rome has first corrupted JEROME'S Vulgate by -changing the "e" into "a," and putting "_ipsa_" (she) instead of "_ipse_" -(He); then she has so translated this corruption and perpetuated this -perversion in various languages! So that in all her versions, in her -pictures and statues, in the decree of Pope Pius IX., which promulgated -the dogma of the "_immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary_," this lie of -the Old Serpent has been foisted on unnumbered thousands of deluded souls, -who have thereby been deceived into putting Mary in the place of Jesus; -the "co-Redemptress" in the place of the Redeemer; the creature in the -place of the Creator; the woman in the place of the woman's Seed;--until -the outcome is reached by emblazoning, in huge gilt letters, on the -outside of a large church in Rathmines, Dublin, "MARIAE PECCATORUM -REFUGIUM," to Mary the Refuge of Sinners! - -So complete has been the success of the subtlety of the Serpent, that he -has beguiled thousands of Protestants to unite in circulating these -_corrupted versions as the Word of God_, thus giving currency to the -Devil's lie. This is done on the plea of expediency, in order that these -versions might come to many as Protestant truth instead of Popish error; -but thus misleading those who were seeking for light, while confirming -Papists in their darkness. - -But through all the "wisdom of the Serpent" we can detect his lie. It is -very thinly veiled, and the Old Serpent has not succeeded in blinding the -eyes which the Spirit of God has opened. True, we see in all Rome's -pictures and statues the foot of Mary, on the Serpent's head, but the foot -is not _coming down_, nor is the head _crushed_! Rather is the woman's -foot resting on its head; and the woman herself supported by the Serpent. - -The whole system of Mary-anity is thus seen to be the outcome of the -Serpent's wisdom in opposition to the true Christ-ianity. - -How different are the primeval star-pictures of the heavens. There, the -club is lifted up, the foot is coming down, yea, the foot is actually -planted upon the enemy, treading the Scorpion under foot. - -Rome may corrupt the words of the Book, but she cannot touch the stars of -heaven! The Devil himself cannot move them from their places. He may -choose and use his servants and agents for corrupting the Scriptures -written in the Book, but he cannot change the Revelation of the stars. - -There,--no woman's foot is seen upon the Serpent's head! There,--no woman -usurps the place of the all-glorious Redeemer! - -In _Ophiuchus_ we see HIM in dread conflict with the Serpent, and we see -HIS foot upon the Scorpion's heart (SCORPIO). We see HIM, the Risen Lamb -(ARIES), binding _Cetus_, the great Monster of the Deep; we see HIM in the -glorious _Orion_, whose foot is coming down on the enemy's head (_Lepus_); -we see HIM in the Lion of the Tribe of Judah (LEO), about to tread down -that Old Serpent (_Hydra_) the Devil; we see HIM in the mighty _Hercules_, -who has his foot on the head of the _Dragon_ (_Draco_), and his up-lifted -club about to inflict the long-threatened blow; we see HIM crowned in -_Cepheus_, with all His enemies subdued, and His right foot planted upon -the Polar Star! - -True, we do see a WOMAN in this heavenly and Divine revelation; for there -are four women. Two are connected with the REDEEMER, and two with the -REDEEMED. The Redeemer is seen in the one (VIRGO) as the "promised Seed"; -in the other (_Coma_), He is seen as the child born, the Son given. The -Redeemed are represented in one as a captive _chained_ (_Andromeda_), with -no power to wage conflict with an enemy, but a prey to every foe; in the -other (_Cassiopeia_), she is _enthroned_, with no necessity for conflict. -For with one hand she waves the palm of a victory which another -(_Perseus_) has wrought on her behalf, while with her right hand she is -preparing and making herself ready for "the marriage of the Lamb." - -Thus pure and undefiled is this primeval fountain of Divine truth. Thus -harmonious is it with the written Word of God. And He who gave them both -to enlighten a dark world which lieth in the power of this wicked one, has -filled both with one subject--"The sufferings of Christ and the glory that -should follow." - -These are set forth by the Holy Spirit in a double sevenfold expansion of -the prophetic promise of Gen. iii. 15, giving seven steps in His -humiliation and seven in His glorification (Phil. ii. 5-11(76)). - - - CHRIST JESUS, - - 1. Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery (a thing - to be grasped at and held) to be equal with God; - - 2. But made Himself of no reputation (Gr. _emptied Himself_), - - 3. And took upon Him the form of a servant, - - 4. And was made in the likeness of men: - - 5. And being found in fashion as a man. He humbled Himself. - - 6. And became obedient unto death, - - 7. Even the death of the cross. - - WHEREFORE - - 1. God also hath highly exalted Him, - - 2. And given Him a name which is above every name: - - 3. That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, - - 4. Of things in heaven, - - 5. And things on earth, - - 6. And things under the earth; - - 7. And that every tongue shall confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, - to the glory of God the Father. - - Amen. - - "Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns, - Receive yet one, the crown of all the earth, - Thou who alone art worthy! It was thine - By ancient covenant, ere Nature's birth; - And Thou hast made it Thine by purchase since, - And overpaid its value with Thy blood. - Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and in their hearts - Thy title is engraven with a pen - Dipp'd in the fountain of eternal love. - Thy saints proclaim Thee king; and Thy delay - Gives courage to their foes, who, could they see - The dawn of Thy last advent, long desired, - Would creep into the bowels of the hills, - And flee for safety to the falling rocks." - - "Come, then, and, added to Thy many crowns, - Receive yet one, as radiant as the rest, - Due to Thy last and most effectual work, - Thy Word fulfilled, the conquest of a world." - - (_Cowper._) - - - - - -"FOR SIGNS AND FOR SEASONS." - - -We have seen the great truths which are taught from the position, and -forms, and names of the heavenly bodies. There are also truths to be -learnt from their _motions_. - -When God created them and set them in the firmament of heaven, He said, in -Gen. i. 14-- - - - "Let them be for signs and for seasons." - - -Here the word "signs" is _othoth_ ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, plural of {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _oth_, from the -root {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _to come_). Hence, _a sign of something_ or _some One to -come_. In Jer. x. 2 Jehovah says, "And be not dismayed _at the signs_ -({~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}) of the heavens, for the heathen are dismayed at them." The -word "seasons" does not denote merely what we call the four seasons of the -year, but _cycles_ of time. It is {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _appointed time_ (from the verb -{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to point out_, _appoint_). It occurs three more times in Genesis, -each time in connection with the promised Seed-- - -Gen. xvii. 21, "_At_ this _set time_ in the next year"; - -Gen. xviii. 14, "_At the time appointed_ I will return"; and - -Gen. xxi. 2, "_At the set time_ of which God had spoken." - -Gen. i. 14 is therefore, "They (the sun, moon, and stars) shall be for -signs (things to come) and for cycles (appointed times)." - -Here, then, we have a distinct declaration from God, that the heavens -contain not only a Revelation concerning _things to come_ in the "Signs," -but also concerning _appointed times_ in the wondrous movements of the -sun, and moon, and stars. - -The motions of the sun and moon are so arranged that at the end of a given -interval of time they return into almost precisely the same position, with -regard to each other and to the earth, as they held at the beginning of -that interval. "Almost precisely," but not quite precisely. There will be -a slight outstanding difference, which will gradually increase in -successive intervals, and finally destroy the possibility of the -combination recurring, or else lead to combinations of a different -character. - -Thus the daily difference between the movement of the sun and of the stars -leads the sun back very nearly to conjunction with the same star as it was -twelve months earlier, and gives us the cycle of the year. The slight -difference in the sun's position relative to the stars at the end of the -year, finally leads the sun back to the same star at the same time of the -year, _viz._, at the spring equinox, and gives us the great precessional -cycle of 25,800 years. - -So, too, with eclipses. Since the circumstances of any given eclipse are -reproduced almost exactly 18 years and 11 days later, this period is -called an _Eclipse Cycle_, to which the ancient astronomers gave the name -of _Saros_;(77) and eclipses separated from each other by an exact cycle, -and, therefore, corresponding closely in their conditions, are spoken of -as being one and the same eclipse. Each _Saros_ contains, on the average, -about 70 +- eclipses. Of these, on the average, 42 +- are solar and 28 +- are -lunar. Since the _Saros_ is 11 days (or, more correctly, 10.96 days) -longer than 18 years, the successive recurrences of each eclipse fall 11 -days later in the year each time, and in 33 _Sari_ will have travelled on -through the year and come round very nearly to the original date. - -But as the _Saros_ does not reproduce the conditions of an eclipse with -absolute exactness, and as the difference increases with every successive -return, a time comes when the return of the _Saros_ fails to bring about -an eclipse at all. If the eclipse be a solar one before this takes place, -a new eclipse begins to form a month later in the year than the old one, -and becomes the first eclipse of a new series. - -This is the history of one such eclipse: On May 15 (Julian), 850 A.D., -there was a (new) eclipse of the sun, and it occurred as a _partial_ -eclipse. On August 20 (Julian), 1012 A.D., this new eclipse became -_total_. From that time it has been an _annular_ eclipse, the latitude of -the central shadow gradually shifting southward from the north, until on -December 17 (Julian), 1210, it had reached N. Lat. 24 deg.. It turned -northward again after 1210, until March 14 (Julian), 1355, when it fell in -N. Lat. 43 deg.. Then it turned south, and has moved steadily in that -direction, until on March 18 (Greg.), 1950, its last appearance as an -annular eclipse will take place. On May 22 (Greg.), 2058, it will fall so -far from the node that a new eclipse will follow it on June 21. It will -make three more appearances as an ever-diminishing partial eclipse, and be -last seen on June 24 (Greg.), 2112. Its total life-history, therefore, -will have been 1,262 years and 36 days, and will have occupied 70 _Sari_. - -In the above life-history of an eclipse(78) there is not the slightest -difficulty as to its identification. The _Saros_ shows no break, and no -interruption; nor does the character of the eclipse suffer any abrupt -change. The district over which it is visible moves in a slow and orderly -fashion from occurrence to occurrence over the earth's surface. - -Now the important point is this, that if we take the prophetic reckoning -of 360 days to the year, we have the following significant Biblical -numbers:-- - -In the first place, we already have the 70 +- _Sari_ divided into two -portions of 33 + 37. - -A perfect cycle is accomplished in 33 _Sari_, or 595 years, when the -eclipse, by a series of unbroken _Sari_, has accomplished a passage -through the year of 360 days; or, if we reckon only the whole numbers, -_i.e._, the 18 completed years, we have for the 33 _Sari_ the period of -594 years, while the remaining portion of 37 _Sari_ makes 666 years (37 x -18) ; and the whole 70 +- _Sari_ makes 1,260 years (594 + 666).(79) - -We have then the following figures:-- - - - 18 x 33 = 594 years. - 18 x 37 = 666 years. - 18 x 70 = 1260 years. - - -Independently of this, we also know that 1,260 years is a soli-lunar -cycle, so exact that its epact, or difference, is only 6 hours! - -There must, therefore, be something significant in these numbers, _e.g._, -70; in the number 1,260, with its divisions, not into two equal parts, but -into 594 and 666; as also in its double, 2,520. - -There must be something to be learned in the occurrence and repetition of -these heavenly cycles, which for nearly 6,000 years have been constantly -repeated in the heavens, especially when we find these same numbers very -prominently presented in the Word of God in connection with the fulfilment -of prophecy. - -We have the great "seven times" (2,520) connected with the duration of -Israel's punishment, and of the Gentiles' power. We have in Daniel and the -Apocalypse the half of this great period presented as "days" (1,260), as -"months" (42), and as "times," or years (3-1/2). - -Futurists believe that these "days" and "months," etc., _interpret for us_ -the purposes and counsels of God as connected with "the time of the end," -and as meaning literal "days" and "months," etc. - -Historicists take these terms and themselves _interpret the numbers_, in -the sense of a "day" being put for a _year_, and they believe that these -"1,260 days" will be fulfilled as 1,260 _years_. - -One party boldly and ungraciously charges the other with teaching "_The -Fallacies of Futurism_"; while the other might well retort with a -reference to the _Heresies of Historicism_. - -But is there any necessity for the existence of two hostile camps? Is it -not possible that there may be what we may call a _long_ fulfilment in -years? And is it not more than probable that in the time of the end, the -crisis, there will also be a _short_ and literal fulfilment in days? - -We firmly believe that there will be this literal and _short_ fulfilment. -We believe that when God says "days," He means _days_; and that when He -says "42 months," He means _months_, and not 1,260 years. In all of the -passages referred to by historicists in support of what is called "the -year-day theory," the Holy Spirit uses these words "days" and "years" in -the sense of days and years. In the two particular instances of Israel's -wanderings (Num. xiv. 34), and Ezekiel's prophesying (Ezek. iv. 6), He -chooses to take the _number_ of days as denoting the _same number_ of -years; but He does not tell us that we are to do the same in other cases! -He only asserts His sovereignty by thus acting, while we only show our -presumption in taking His sovereign act as a general principle. - -But while fully believing in the _short_ fulfilment, we are quite prepared -to admit that there may be a _long_ fulfilment _as well_; and that, owing -to the wondrous harmony, and marvellous correspondence, and infinite -wisdom of all the works and ways of God, there may be a fulfilment, or -rather a "filment," if we may coin the word, in years, which will be only -a foreshadowing of the literal _ful_-filment afterwards to take place in -_days_. - -If historicists will allow us this liberty as to _interpretation_, and -permit us to believe that God means what He says, we will give them some -remarkable evidence in support of their views, by way of _application_. In -other words, if they will allow us to _interpret_ "days" as meaning days, -we will gladly allow them, and be at one with them, in _applying_ them to -years. So that while we believe the _interpretation_ to mean "days," and -to teach a _short_ fulfilment at the time of the end, we will thankfully -admit an _application_ which shall take these days as foreshowing a _long_ -fulfilment in years. - -In _applying_, then, these significant numbers (42, 70, 594, 666, 1,260, -and 2,520) to years, from what point or date shall we begin to reckon the -"_times of the Gentiles_" (Luke xxi. 24)? That there are such definite -"times" the words of the Lord Jesus show, when He says, "Jerusalem shall -be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be -fulfilled." (Luke xxi. 24). That there are "seven times" of Gentile -dominion is more than intimated by the symbolic episode in the life of -Nebuchadnezzar as recorded in Dan. iv.; and that there are "seven times" -of Israel's punishment is clearly stated in Lev. xxvi. 18. "Seven times," -according to the Historicist school of interpreters, are equal to 2,520 -years. - -Instead of asking where they begin, let us first note the fact that it is -_duration_ which is emphasised in the Scriptures rather than _chronology_; -and look at the duration of these years independently of, and before we -attempt to fix, their beginning and ending. - -In Daniel ii. and vii. it is shown first to Nebuchadnezzar in a "dream," -and afterwards to God's servant the prophet in a "vision," that Israel was -to be put on one side and become "Lo-Ammi" (_not My people_), while -government was to be put into the hands of the Gentiles. Jerusalem was the -central point of both these great and solemn facts. That is to say, during -2,520 years, while Jerusalem should remain in the power of the Gentiles, -Israel could be "no more a nation" in possession of their land and city. - -We know, as a matter of fact, that to-day Jerusalem is in the hands of the -Turks, and that it is still "trodden down of the Gentiles." - -If we ask how long it shall continue to be "trodden down"? how long it -will be before Israel shall again possess their city and their land?--the -answer brings us at once to the heart of our subject. - -In seeking to determine both duration and chronology, it is necessary to -plant our feet on sure ground. To do this, let us take a point on which -all are agreed. - -There is _one_ date which is universally accepted; and concerning which -the evidence is unquestioned. - -ABU OBEIDA, the Mahommedan General, laid siege to Jerusalem towards the -close of 636 A.D. The city was then occupied by the Romans, who held out -for four months. When they capitulated, the Patriarch SOPHRONIUS obtained -a clause in the treaty giving security to the inhabitants, and requiring -the ratification of OMAR himself. OMAR, who had therefore to be sent for, -arrived some six months afterwards, and the delay caused the actual -delivering up of the city to take place early in the autumn of A.D. -637.(80) - -The year A.D. 636-7 is therefore the accepted date of the passing over of -Jerusalem from the Romans to the Turks. - -OMAR seems to have stayed in the city only about ten days, during which he -must have given his instructions for the erection of the Mosque on the -site of the Temple. This Mosque, therefore, stands as the sign and the -symbol of the treading down of Jerusalem, and while it remains, those -times of treading down cannot be considered as fulfilled. - -How steady was Israel's decadence from Nebuchadnezzar to OMAR! Nothing -would exceed that darkest moment in Israel's history, when Israel was well -nigh obliterated in the mighty struggles of her enemies who fought over -her inheritance. Thus OMAR becomes the great central point of the 2,520 -years, whether reckoned as _Lunar_, _Zodiacal_, or _Solar_, dividing them -equally into two portions of 1,260 years.(81) - -Having thus fixed the central date, which already points forward to the -end, let us go back and find the starting point, that we may the better -understand the end. - -When Daniel was explaining to Nebuchadnezzar his mysterious dream, he -said, "Thou art this head of gold"! (Dan. ii. 38). This moment is -popularly, but erroneously, supposed to mark the commencement of the -Babylonian kingdom--the first of these four great Gentile powers. - -But Daniel spoke of what ALREADY existed, and was _explaining the then_ -condition of things. He said, "God _hath_ given thee a kingdom, power, and -strength, and glory" (Dan. ii. 37). The kingdom of Babylon had already -been in existence for more than thirty years, for its king had destroyed -Jerusalem and burnt the Temple with fire, and brought away many captives, -amongst whom was Daniel and his companions. The opening words of the book -make this very clear. - -The monumental history of Babylon, as now dug up, shows that before this -it had been sometimes tributary to, and sometimes almost independent of, -Assyria. In A.M. 3352, after a severe struggle with Assurbanipal, the -Assyrian king, Babylon was once more subdued, and its king setting fire to -his palace perished in the flames. After that there was peace for twenty- -two years, during which time Kandalanu governed Babylon in succession to -Sumas-sum-ukin, a son of Assurbanipal. - -In A.M. 3375 (_i.e._ B.C. 627),(82) another revolt broke out, and the -Assyrian king sent a general of great ability to quell it. His name was -Nabu-pal-user (which means _Nebo protects his son_). He put down the -rebellion with so much skill that Assurbanipal made him governor of -Babylon. He shortly afterwards, in A.M. 3376, himself rebelled, and made -himself King of Babylon. Associating with him his son Nebuchadnezzar, they -commenced a campaign against Assurbanipal, which ended in the fall of -Nineveh and the complete subjugation of Assyria. The kingdom of Babylon, -thus commencing in B.C. 625,(83) became the first great Gentile kingdom as -foretold in Daniel. - -There is practically no question, now, as to this date. - -The actual _duration_ of the three kingdoms that followed--Babylon, Medo- -Persia, and Greece, may not perhaps be so accurately determined. Their -total duration is known, because it is fixed by a known date at the other -end, but it might introduce controversial matter if we attempted to assign -to them their exact relative duration. Probably they were, -roughly:--Babylon about 90 years; Medo-Persia about 200 years; Greece about -304 years. - -We believe these to be fairly proportionate,(84) but whether they are or -not, their total amount must have been 594 years, because the undisputed -date of the battle of ACTIUM by which Augustus became the head of the -Roman Empire, was September B.C. 31. From this date Jerusalem passed -permanently under the power of Rome until the Mahommedan conquest in A.D. -636-7. - -We have, therefore, _three fixed dates_, and these decide for us the -_duration_ of the intervening periods; dividing them into the two great -Eclipse Cycles of 594 years and 666 years! - - - _Jerusalem under the Gentiles._ - - Babylon (the 1st Kingdom) commenced B.C. 625. - - Battle of Actium, ending the possession of the 3rd Kingdom, B.C. - 31. - - _Duration_ of the three Kingdoms, Babylon, Medo-Persia, and - Greece, together (1st Eclipse Cycle), 594 years. - - Rome (the 4th Kingdom) became the possessor of Jerusalem, B.C. 31. - - Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem, ending the possession of Rome, - A.D. 636. - - _Duration_ of Rome's possession of Jerusalem (2nd Eclipse Cycle), - 666(85) years. - - FIRST HALF OF "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES", 1260 years. - - Date of Mahommedan conquest of Jerusalem, A.D. 636-7. - - SECOND HALF OF "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES" and _Duration_ of - Mahommedan possession of Jerusalem, A.D. 1260, and 1260 years. - - End and "fulness" of "the times of the Gentiles", A.D. 1896-7, and - 2520 years. - - -From this it appears that 1896-7 A.D. would mark the fulfilment, and -complete the duration, of "times of the Gentiles." - -The above reckoning has the following advantages over all previous -historicist interpretations:-- - -1. _Controverted_ dates are excluded. - -2. The _whole_ period of 2520 years is dealt with, instead of only the -latter half (1260), as is usually the case. - -3. It confines these "times" to the one place where the Lord Himself put -them, _viz._, "JERUSALEM." He said, "Jerusalem shall be trodden down of -the Gentiles, till the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled." - -These "times," therefore, are confined to Jerusalem. This "treading down" -is confined to Jerusalem. It is not the city of Rome that is to be trodden -down for 1260 years. Why, then, should these "times" be separated from -what is characteristic of their _duration_, and applied to Rome, papal or -imperial? Why should historicists search for some act of emperors or popes -in the early part of the seventh century in order to add it to 1260, so as -to find some terminal date in or near our own times!(86) - -We claim that the Lord Himself has joined these "times of the Gentiles" -with the city of "Jerusalem," and we say, "What, therefore, God hath -joined together, let not man put asunder" (Matt. xix. 6). - -When Jesus spoke of this _treading down_, it looks as though it were then -still future; for He said, "Jerusalem _shall be_ trodden down," etc., The -occupation of Jerusalem by Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome, was for -purposes of _government_ rather than for a wanton treading down. -Government on the earth was committed unto them. But when Jerusalem passed -from the government of the Roman Empire into the hands of the Turks, it -could then be said, in a very special sense, to be "trodden down." For of -any government worthy of the name there has been none; and of desolation -and desecration the city has been full. Under the feeble rule of the -Turks, all the Gentiles seem to have combined in laying waste the holy -city. - -Though Jews are returning thither in ever-increasing numbers, they are -only strangers there. They have as yet no independent position, nor can -they make any treaties. But when these "times" shall end, it means that -they will have a position of sufficient independence to be able to make a -treaty or league with the coming Prince (Dan. ix. 27); and then the course -of events will bring on another treading down of 1260 literal "days" which -will thus have had a fore-shadowing fulfilment in years! This is written -in Rev. xi. 2. And to save us from any misunderstanding, the time is -given, not in days, but in "_months_." - -The angel, after directing John to measure the Temple of God and the -altar, adds, "but the court which is without the Temple leave out, and -measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles; and the holy city shall -they tread under foot forty and two months." - -This refers to a future treading down, which will be limited to the brief -period of "forty two" literal "months," during the time of the coming -Prince; and "in the midst" of the last week, when he shall break His -covenant with the Jews,(87) set up the "abomination of desolation" (Dan -ix. 27; which is still future in Matt. xxiv. 15), and "tread down the holy -city." - -We now desire to specially emphasize the fact that all these dates, and -their termination in a rapidly approaching fulfilment, refer ONLY TO -JERUSALEM, AND THE GENTILES, AND THE JEWS! They refer only to the end of -the Gentile possession of Jerusalem, and to the settlement of the Jews in -their own city and land. - -These "times and seasons" have nothing whatever to do with "the Church of -God" (1 Thess. v. 1). The mystical Body of Christ, whenever its members -are complete, "will be taken up to meet the Lord--the Head of the Body--in -the air, so to be ever with the Lord" (1 Thess. iv. 15-17). This glorious -event has nothing to do with any earthly sign or circumstance, so far as -the members of this mystical Body are concerned. - -Therefore we are not dealing here with the coming of the Lord; either for -His saints, or with them. We are not referring to what is commonly and -erroneously called "the end of the world." We are merely pointing out that -the end of Gentile dominion _over Jerusalem_ is drawing near! And we -cannot close our eyes to the marvellous manner in which the veil is being -removed from Jewish hearts: to the change which has come over the Jewish -nation in its attitude towards Christ and Christianity, chiefly, under -God, through the unparalleled circulation of more than a quarter of a -million copies of a new translation of the New Testament into Hebrew, by -the late Isaac Salkinson, published by the Trinitarian Bible Society, and -freely distributed by the Mildmay Mission to the Jews: to the Palestine -literature which has sprung up amongst the Jews in recent years: to the -persecutions in various countries which are stirring their nest, and -setting the nation in motion: to the organized emigration to Argentina, -which its promoters avowedly speak of as "a nursery ground for Palestine" -(_Daily Graphic_, March 10th, 1892): to the railways completed and in -course of construction in the Holy Land: to the numerous Societies and -their branches which have permeated the whole nation, which, while having -various names, have only one object--"the colonisation of Palestine." - -When we put these events side by side with the teaching of the heavens as -to the "cycles" or appointed times, we are merely showing how wonderfully -they agree with what is written in the Book, and witnessed to by great and -uncontested historic dates. - -Nor are we absolutely naming a definite year or day even for these -Palestine events. After all, they can be only approximate, for man has so -misused every gift that God has ever given him, that even with such -wondrous heavenly time-keepers he cannot really tell you what year it is! -And, besides this loss of reckoning, there is confusion as to the -commencement of the A.D. era, which makes absolute accuracy between the -A.M., B.C., and A.D. dates impossible. - -Added to this, there is another point to be borne in mind, _viz._, that -when the "times of the Gentiles" shall end, Jewish independence need _not -be either immediate or complete_! - -For when Nebuchadnezzar began his kingdom of Babylon in A.M. 3376 (B.C. -625), the Jews, though in their land and city, were not independent. -Nebuchadnezzar went to and fro to Jerusalem, and put down and set up whom -he would; and it was not till some thirty years afterwards that he -destroyed the City and Temple and made the people captives. - -So, likewise, in the time of the end, there may be an _epanodos_. There -may be a similar period of possession without independence, a quasi- -independence guaranteed by the Great Powers; and, for ought we know, it -may be that, in order to gain _complete_ independence, they may ultimately -make that fatal league with the coming Prince. - -So that while we name the dates 1896-7 as being significant, we are not -"fixing dates" in the ordinary sense of the term, but merely pointing out -some of "the signs of the times," concerning which we ought not to be -ignorant. - -The _true interpretation_ will in any case still remain, and will surely -be literally fulfilled in its own time. The Word of God will be -vindicated; its prophetic truth will be verified; God Himself will be -glorified; and His people saved with an everlasting salvation. - -Meanwhile the members of His Body will "wait for His Son from heaven, whom -He raised from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to -come" (1 Thess. i. 10). They will live "looking for that blessed hope, and -the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, who -gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify -unto Himself a peculiar people (R.V., a people for His own possession) -zealous of good works" (Titus ii. 13, 14). They will "look for the -Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ," from heaven, believing that there is no -hope either for "the Jew, the Gentile, or the Church of God," or for a -groaning creation, until "the times of refreshing shall come from the -presence of the Lord; and He shall send Jesus Christ, whom the heaven must -receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath -spoken by the mouth of ALL HIS HOLY PROPHETS SINCE THE WORLD BEGAN" (Acts -iii. 19-21). - - - "The world is sick, and yet not unto death; - There is for it a day of health in store; - From lips of love there comes the healing breath,-- - The breath of Him who all its sickness bore, - And bids it rise to strength and beauty evermore. - - Evil still reigns; and deep within we feel - The fever, and the palsy, and the pain - Of life's perpetual heartaches, that reveal - The rooted poison, which, from heart and brain, - We labour to extract, but labour all in vain. - - Our skill avails not; ages come and go, - Yet bring with them no respite and no cure; - The hidden wound, the sigh of pent-up woe, - The sting we smother, but must still endure, - The worthless remedies which no relief procure,-- - - All these cry out for something more divine, - Which the worst woes of earth may not withstand; - Medicine that cannot fail--the oil and wine, - The balm and myrrh, growth of no earthly land, - And the all-skilful touch of the great Healer's hand. - - Man needs a prophet: Heavenly Prophet, speak, - And teach him what he is too proud to hear. - Man needs a priest: True Priest, Thy silence break, - And speak the words of pardon in his ear. - Man needs a king: O King, at length in peace appear." - - - - - -APPENDIX. NOTE ON THE SIGN LIBRA. - - -On page 47 we called attention to the point that in all probability the -Sign LIBRA was a very ancient corruption. - -The ancient Akkadian name for the _seventh_ month, which was the month -when the sun was in the Sign now called LIBRA, was _Tul-ku_, which means -_the sacred mound_, or _altar_. The Akkadian name for this Sign was _Bir_, -which means _the Light_, hence, the Lamp with its light, or the Altar with -its fire. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 1--The Circular Altar, in the Sign now called Libra. - - -Its most ancient form was a circular altar.(88) In Figure 1 we have -reproduced this,(89) and it will be at once seen that we have the original -of the disc now preserved in the _two circular scales_ which form the Sign -of LIBRA. - -The next stage of the corruption is shown in the Akkadian name of -_Scorpio_ (the Scorpion)--the Sign immediately to the left of the Altar. It -was called _Gir-tab_, which means _the Seizer and Stinger_, and the next -Figure (2), taken from an Euphratean boundary stone,(90) shows the two -Signs combined, for the Scorpion is stretching out its claws in order to -_seize_ the _Lamp_ or _Altar_. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 2--The Scorpion and the Lamp. (From a Euphratean Boundary Stone.) - - -Thus the meaning of its name is exemplified. It is called the _Seizer and -Stinger_. And just as in the constellation above it, the Serpent is -struggling with the man, while at the same time it is stretching out its -neck to seize the crown,(91) so here the Scorpion, while trying to _sting_ -the same man in the heel, is stretching out its claws to _seize_ the -altar. - -A seal on a contract, nearly 700 B.C., shows this Circular Altar actually -in the grasp of the Scorpion. - - [Illustration] - - Fig. 3--Scorpion and Lamp. (From an Euphratean Seal.) - - -Figure 3 is a picture of this Euphratean Seal, preserved on a contract -made on the 8th day of the month _Tisri_, _i.e._, this same _seventh_ -month!(92) - -This then is the next stage. But Mr. Robert Brown, junr., observes, "The -_Circle_ or other representation of an _Altar_ not unnaturally disappeared -as the use of the Sign advanced westward; whether by sea, or across Asia -Minor, or both, and the _Chelai_ alone remained when the shores of the -AEgean were reached."(93) - -This is quite true, for the Greek name for the Sign was _Chelai_, which -means simply _the Claws_. And thus the Scorpion monopolised two Signs; its -body one, and its claws the other. This led to the mistake of SERVIUS, the -intelligent commentator on VIRGIL,(94) that "the Chaldean Zodiac consisted -of but eleven constellations." We now know that there were twelve Signs, -and the mistake is thus explained. - - [Illustration] - -Fig. 4--The Constellation of "the Claws." Formerly the Circular Altar, now - Libra. - - -Mr. Brown quotes ACHILLES TATIUS, about 475 A.D., in a Fragment on the -_Phainomena_, who says, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~} {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~} {~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}.(95) - -ARATUS says that "some few stars of the _Claws_ are in the (Celestial) -Equator." And PTOLEMY describes the stars, now reckoned in LIBRA, as being -in what he calls "The Constellation of the Claws." We have reproduced them -so that his description of them may be readily traced. He speaks of-- - - - "The bright one of those at the end of the southern _Claw_." (It - is named _Zuben el Genubi_ and now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}). - - "The one more northerly than it, and dimmer" (now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}). - - "The bright one of those at the end of the northern _Claw_" (named - _Zuben el Chemali_, and now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}). - - "The one in front of it and dim" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}). - - "The one in the middle of the southern _Claw_" (1 i). - - "The one in the middle of the northern _Claw_" (now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}). - - "The one behind it in the same _Claw_" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA~}). - - "The foremost of the three more northerly than the northern - _Claws_" (1 f). - - "The southern one of the two hindmost" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}). - - "The hindmost of the three between the _Claws_" (one of the stars - now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~} or {~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}). - - "The northern of the two remaining and preceding ones" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~}). - - "The southern one of them" (n). - - -This is how the stars formerly in the Sign of the (Circular) ALTAR, came -to be reckoned in _the Claws_ of the Scorpion; and this is how the -circular scales of LIBRA came to be substituted for the ancient _Circular_ -ALTAR. - -This corruption of the primitive teaching of the ALTAR, shows how the -enemy attempted to _seize_ on the Atonement, bring in "the way of Cain," -and substitute _human merit_ for the atoning sacrifice of Christ; thus -perverting the truth at its fountain head. Just as in Gen. iii. we have -the woman's promised Seed in conflict with the Enemy, so in Gen. iv. we -see the Scorpion's claws--"the way of Cain" in conflict with "the way of -God." - -There can be but little doubt, therefore, that the first Sign of the -Zodiac was VIRGO, the second was the ALTAR, and the third was the -SCORPION. The lesson which they teach is clear: The Seed of the woman -(VIRGO), who was to come as a child, should be a sacrifice (the ALTAR) for -the sins of His people; endure a great conflict with the enemy (SCORPIO), -in which He should be wounded in the heel; but should in the end crush and -tread the enemy under foot. - - - - - - -FOOTNOTES - - - 1 For what is meant by "Structure," see _A Key to the Psalms_, by the - late Rev. Thos. Boys, edited by the present author, 7, St. Paul's - Churchyard. Price Five shillings. - - 2 _Viz._, in _A_ (verses 7, 8),-- - - "Converting," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, _to return_, as the sun in the heavens. - - "Testimony," from {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to repeat_, hence, _a witness_, spoken of - the sun in Ps. lxxxix. 37. - - "Sure," {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN~}, _faithful_, as the sun. (Ps. lxxxix. 37.) - - "Enlightening," from {~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to give light_, as the sun. (Gen. i. 15, - 17, 18; Isa. lx. 19; Ezek. xxxii. 7.) - - In _B_ (verses 11, 12, 13),-- - - "Warned," from {~HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to make light_, hence, _to teach_, - _admonish_. - - "Keeping," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to keep_, _observe_, as the heavens. (Ps. - cxxx. 6; Isa. xxi. 11.) Or as the heavenly bodies _observe_ God's - ordinances. - - "Errors," from {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~}, _to wander_, as the planets. - - "Keep back," {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}, _to hold back_, _restrain_. - - "Have dominion over," from {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _to rule_. Spoken of the sun and - moon in Gen. i. 18. "The sun to rule the day," &c. (Ps. cxxxvi. 8, - 9.) - - 3 The other half of the Psalm is just as perfectly arranged. For - example, there are six words used (verses 7-9) to describe the - fulness of the Word of God, and they are thus placed, alternately:-- - - F | _Two_ feminine singulars. (Law and Testimony.) - G | _One_ masculine plural. (Statutes.) - _F_ | _Two_ feminine singulars. (Commandment and Fear.) - _G_ | _One_ masculine plural. (Judgments.) - - 4 From {~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _to cut into_, or _grave_, hence, _to write_. It has the - two senses of our English verb _tell_, which means _to count_, and - also _to narrate_. The first occurrence is Gen. xv. 5, "_Tell_ - ({~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}) the stars, if thou be able to _number_ ({~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}) them." Gen. - xxiv. 66, "The servant _told_ Isaac all things that he had done." - Ps. lxxi. 15, "My mouth shall _show forth_ ({~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}, _tell of_, - R.V.) thy righteousness and thy salvation all the day; for I know - not the _numbers_ ({~HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER PE~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}, _i.e._, _the accounts_) of them," - _i.e._, all the particulars. - - 5 From {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to be heavy, weight_, the context determining whether - the weight spoken of is advantageous or not. The first occurrence is - Gen. xii. 10, "The famine was _grievous_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}) in the land." The - next, xiii. 2, "Abram was very _rich_ ({~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~})." It is often applied - to persons who are _of weight_ and _importance_, hence, glorious and - honourable. It is used of the _glory_ of the Lord, and of God - Himself, as we use Majesty of a person. See Isa. iii. 8; iv. 2; xi. - 10; xliii. 20; Hag. ii. 8; Ex. xvi. 7; xxiv. 17; 1 Sam. iv. 21; Pss. - xxvi. 8 (_honour_); lxiii. 3. - - 6 From {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER GIMEL~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to set before_, _to set forth_, _to shew_. First - occurrence, Gen. iii. 11, "Who _told_ thee that thou wast naked." - Ps. xcvii. 6, "The heavens _declare_ His righteousness"; cxi. 6, - "_He hath shewed_ his people the power of his works." - - 7 This is the English idiom for the Hebrew "Day to day." The {~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~} is used - in its sense of _adding_ or superadding to, as in Isa. xxviii. 10, - {~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~} {~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER TSADI~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}, "precept to precept;" _i.e._, precept after precept, line - after line. Gen. xlvi. 26, "All the souls that came with Jacob" - ({~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}{~HEBREW POINT SHEVA~}{~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER QOF~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}, to Jacob; _i.e._, in addition to Jacob. So here, "Day to - day;" _i.e._, Day in addition to day, or, as we say, Day after day). - - 8 From {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}, _to tell forth_, akin to {~HEBREW LETTER NUN~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}, _to prophesy_, from root - _to pour forth_. Lit., here, poureth forth discourse. Ps. cxlv. 9, - "abundantly utter." - - 9 Their line, {~HEBREW LETTER QOF~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}, _i.e._, their measuring line. By the figure of - metonymy the _line_ which measures is put for the portion or - heritage which is measured, as in many other places. See Ps. xvi. 6, - "The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a - goodly heritage." (See also Ps. lxxviii. 55, &c.) Here, it means - that "Their measuring line has gone forth unto all the earth - ({~HEBREW LETTER ALEF~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW POINT SEGOL~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~})"; _i.e._, All the earth inherits this their testimony - (_i.e._, has this testimony for its heritage), and to the ends of - the world ({~HEBREW LETTER TAV~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER BET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER LAMED~}, _the inhabited world_) their instruction has gone - forth. With this agrees, in sense, the LXX. here, and Rom. x. 16, - which each has {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _a sound_, or _voice_; _i.e._, a sound in - relation to the hearer, rather than to that which causes it. The - meaning of the passage is, "All the earth has their _sound_ or - testimony as its heritage, and the ends of the world hear their - words." Symmachus has {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~}, _a sound_, or _report_. - - 10 {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT TSERE~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~} means _that which is hot_, and is a poetical name of the sun - itself. - - 11 Job is thought by some to be the Jobab mentioned in Gen. x. 29, the - third in descent from Eber. - - 12 Note the structure of this verse:-- - - A | The seven stars, - B | Orion, - _A_ | The twelve signs, - _B_ | Arcturus. - - 13 General Chesney allowed the late Dean Goode to copy the passage, - among other matters, from his private MS. The Dean quotes it in his - _Warburtonian Lectures_ (2nd Ed., Note I. to Sermon IV., p. 170-1.) - - 14 Fragments of these coloured glazed bricks are to be seen in the - British Museum. - - 15 _Babylonian Life and History_, p. 36. - - 16 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}. - - 17 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}. - - 18 Besides this _monthly_ difference, there is an _annual_ difference; - for at the end of twelve months the sun does not come back to - exactly the same point in the sign which commenced the year, but is - a little behind it. But this difference, though it occurs every - year, is so small that it will take 25,579 years for the sun to - complete this vast cycle, which is called _The precession of the - Equinoxes_; _i.e._, about one degree in every 71 years. If the sun - came back to the precise point at which it began the year, each - _sign_ would correspond, always and regularly, exactly with a - particular _month_; but, owing to this constant regression, the sun - (while it goes through the whole twelve signs every year) commences - the year in one sign for only about 2,131 years. In point of fact, - since the Creation the commencement of the year has changed to the - extent of nearly three of the signs. When Virgil sings-- - - "_The White Bull with golden horns opens the year_," - - he does not record what took place in his own day. This is another - proof of the antiquity of these signs. - - The _Ecliptic_, or path of the sun, if it could be viewed from - immediately beneath the Polar Star, would form a complete and - perfect circle, would be concentric with the _Equator_, and all the - stars and the sun would appear to move in this circle, never rising - or setting. To a person north or south of the Equator the stars - therefore rise and set obliquely; while to a person on the Equator - they rise and set perpendicularly, each star being twelve hours - above and twelve below the horizon. - - The points where the two circles (the _Ecliptic_ and the _Equator_) - intersect each other are called the _Equinoctial points_. It is the - movement of these points (which are now moving from Aries to Pisces) - which gives rise to the term, "_the precession of the Equinoxes_." - - 19 It is exactly the same with the books of the Bible. Their order and - their names, _as we have them_ in the English Bible, are those which - _man_ has given them, copied from the Septuagint and Vulgate, and in - many cases are not the Divine names according to the Hebrew Canon. - - 20 Here, the fact of His humiliation, together with this long period of - His rejection, is leaped over, and the prophecy passes on at - once--over at least a period of 1893 years--to this "glory which - should follow." - - 21 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}, _Al Mureddin_. - - 22 {~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}, _Zavijavah_. - - 23 The star now marked {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}. - - 24 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~}. - - 25 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}, _Al Zimach_. - - 26 The stars are known by Greek letters and sometimes by numbers, &c. - Alpha ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}) denotes a star of the _first_ magnitude; Beta ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA~}), the - second, and so on. This plan was originated by Bayer in his - _Uranometria_, 1603. The star _Alpha_, as seen in the New Great - Equatorial Telescope recently set up at Greenwich, is now discovered - to be really a _double_ star, though it had hitherto always appeared - to be _one_. - - 27 Jer. xxxiii. 15 being only a repetition of Jer. xxiii. 5. - - 28 From {~HEBREW LETTER KAF~}{~HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER HE~} which occurs only in Ps. lxiii. 1, "my flesh _longeth_ - for thee." It is akin to {~HEBREW LETTER HET~}{~HEBREW POINT QAMATS~}{~HEBREW LETTER MEM~}{~HEBREW POINT PATAH~}{~HEBREW LETTER DALET~}, _to desire_. Ps. xix. 10; Is. liii. - 2; Hag. ii. 7; etc. - - 29 A Latin translation of his work is in the British Museum Library. He - says the Persians understood these signs, but that the Indians - perverted them with inventions. - - 30 The constellations are called _Decans_. The word means _a part_, and - is used of the three parts into which each sign is divided, each of - which is occupied by a constellation. - - 31 It appears that MM. Saulnier, fils, and Lelorrain arrived while - Signor Bossi was engaged in copying it, but concealed their design - to remove it. The King of France paid L6,250 sterling for it. It has - since been copied, and lithographs have been published. - - 32 Act IV., Scene 3. - - 33 _I.e._, _come forth_ (as in the R.V.). _At_, as the preposition {~HEBREW LETTER MEM~} is - rendered in Gen. iii. 24. "There shall come forth a star at or over - the inheritance or possessions of Jacob," thus indicating the - locality which would be on the _meridian_ of this star. - - 34 It ought also to be noted that in the preceding year there were - three conjunctions of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, at the end of - May and October, and at the beginning of December. Kepler - (1571-1631) was the first to point this out, and his calculations - have been confirmed by the highest authorities. These conjunctions - occurred in the sign of PISCES: and this sign, according to all the - ancient Jewish authorities (Josephus, Abarbanel, Eliezer, and - others), has special reference to _Israel_. The conjunction of - Jupiter and Saturn, they hold, always marked the occurrence of some - event _favourable to Israel_; while Kepler, calculating backwards, - found that this astronomical phenomenon always coincided with some - great historical crisis, _viz._: the Revelation to Adam, the birth - of Enoch, the Revelation to Noah, the birth of Moses, the birth of - Cyrus, the birth of Christ, the birth of Charlemagne, and the birth - of Luther. - - 35 The ancient name could not have been _Booetes_! though it is derived - from, and may be a reminiscence of the Hebrew. - - 36 ARATUS calls him _Arctophylax_, _i.e._, the guardian of Arctos, the - flock of the greater fold, called to-day the Great Bear:-- - - "Behind, and seeming to urge on the Bear, - Arctophylax, on earth Booetes named, - Sheds o'er the Arctic car his silver light." - - By some moderns he is mistakenly called _The Waggoner_. Hence the - allusion of Thompson:-- - - "Wide o'er the spacious regions of the North, - Booetes urges on his tardy wain." - - This perversion scarcely does justice even to human common sense, as - waggoners do not use a sickle for a whip! - - 37 The constellation is a very brilliant one, having 54 stars, _viz._, - one of the 1st magnitude, six of the 3rd, eleven of the 4th, etc. - - The constellation of the _Canes Venatici_ (_the Greyhounds_), - _i.e._, the two dogs (Asterion and Chara), which Booetes holds by a - leash, is quite a modern invention, being added by Hevelius - (1611-1687). The bright star of the 3rd magnitude in the neck of - Chara, was named "_Cor Caroli_" (_the heart of Charles_) by Sir - Charles Scarborough, physician to Charles II., in honour of Charles - I., in 1649. This is a good example of the almost infinite distance - between the ancient and modern names. The former are full of - mysterious significance and grandeur, while the latter are puerile - in the extreme, almost approaching to the comic! _e.g._, the Air - Pump, the Painter's Easel, the Telescope, the Triangle, the Fly, the - Microscope, the Indian, the Fox and Goose, the Balloon, the Toucan - (or American Goose), the Compasses, Charles's Oak, the Cat, the - Clock, the Unicorn, &c. The vast difference can be at once seen - between those designed by the ancients and those added by - astronomers in more recent times. - - These new constellations were added, 22 by Hevelius (1611-1687); and - 15 by Halley (1656-1742). They were formed for the purpose of - embracing those stars which were not included in the ancient - constellations. This shows that the old constellations were not - designed, like the modern ones, merely for the sake of enabling - astronomers to identify the positions of particular stars. In this - case _all_ the stars would have been included. _The object was - exactly the opposite_! Instead of the pictures being designed to - serve to identify the stars, only certain stars were used for the - purpose of helping _to identify the pictures_! - - This is another important proof of the truth of our whole argument. - - 38 See quotation from Dr. Budge, on page 12. - - 39 And certainly the symbol by which it is still known {~LIBRA~} is more like - the top of an altar (See _Ara_, Plate XIV.) than a pair of balances, - to which we can trace no resemblance whatever. See Note in the - Appendix. - - 40 _Antares_ seems also to have been known as _Lesath_. - - 41 Luke xxii. 53: comp. Col. i. 13 and Eph. vi. 12. - - 42 In 1604 a new star appeared in the eastern foot of Ophiuchus, but - disappeared again in 1605. - - 43 There is an ancient Greek fable which calls Ophiuchus AEsculapius, - the son of Apollo. Having restored Hippolytus to life, he was - everywhere worshipped as the god of health, and hence the serpent - entwined around him is, to this day, the symbol of the medical art! - This, however, is, doubtless, another perversion of the primitive - truth that the Coming One in overcoming the serpent, should become - the great healer of all the sorrows of the world, and cause all its - groanings to cease. - - 44 _Cerberus_, or the serpent with three heads, was placed by Hevelius - (1611-1687) by the side of Hercules. Bayer had previously placed the - apple branch in his hand. This was symbolical of the golden apples - of _Hesperides_, which he obtained by killing the three-headed - _hydra_, by whom they were guarded. In our picture these are - combined, and a bow and quiver added from other ancient authorities. - - 45 In our picture we have combined the two great thoughts, taking the - _harp_ from a picture dug up at Herculaneum, and adding an eagle - soaring up with it. - - 46 This is the first time that the word "Alleluia" occurs in the New - Testament, and it is praise for judgment executed. - - Where is its first occurrence in the Old Testament? In Ps. civ. 35, - where we have the very same solemn and significant connection:-- - - "Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, - And let the wicked be no more. - Bless thou the LORD, O my soul, - HALLELUJAH (Praise ye the LORD)." - - 47 There is a fish tail here. The third Decan of CAPRICORNUS is a fish - (_Delphinus_). There is again a fish (_Piscis Australis_) in the - next sign (AQUARIUS), and then the following sign is PISCES, or the - Fishes. So that the Redeemed Multitudes are presented throughout - this Second Book. - - 48 When we come to the last chapter of this book we shall see that the - Sun was in the sign of the other sacrificial animal, ARIES, at the - very hour of the Crucifixion. And ARIES sets before us the victory - of "the Lamb that was slain." - - 49 The eleventh, because everyone begins to reckon from ARIES, and not - as we have done from VIRGO, as shown by the riddle of the Sphinx. - See page 20. - - 50 And in great contrast with several modern ones near it, _e.g._, the - Balloon, the Sculptor's Apparatus, the Microscope, Euclid's Square, - the Telescope, etc., etc. - - 51 How inconsistent when there were three such conjunctions in one - year, all in the same sign of PISCES, immediately preceding the - birth of the woman's Seed; and in addition to this the new star - which had been foretold. See under _Coma_, Pages 36, 37, 38. - - 52 The figure of _Tapeinosis_, which calls our attention to that fact - that He was delighted thus to be called. - - 53 There are 113 stars in this sign, none of any great importance; only - one of the 3rd magnitude, five of the 4th, etc. - - 54 "El Nath" is used by Chaucer as the name of a spring star. - - 55 TAURUS then marked the Spring Equinox. - - 56 "Thy beauty; for it was perfect through My comeliness, which I put - upon thee (Jerusalem), saith the LORD" (Ezek. xvi. 14). - - 57 Those who interpret the Queen here of the Church as the Bride, - interpret the "Virgins" in Matt. xxv. of the Bride also. But how - inconsistent! If the "Virgins" be the Church in Matt. xxv., then - where is the Bride? If the Queen is the Bride (the Church) in Ps. - xlv., then who are the "virgins her companions"? Both cannot be the - correct interpretation. In fact, both are wrong, and hence the - _confusion_. The Bride must be interpreted by the Old Testament - scriptures, and the Prophecies which belong to Israel must not be - robbed and given to the Church. They cannot be thus diverted without - bringing confusion into the Scripture, and causing loss to our - souls. - - 58 See Job xxxix. 14, 15, where it is said, the ostrich "leaveth her - eggs in the dust, forgetting that the foot may crush them, or that - the wild beast may break them." - - 59 The others have names, but they were given by the Greeks from the - names of the seven daughters of _Atlas_ and _Pleione_. The Hyades - were their sisters. Together they tell us that the saints will be - secure with this mighty Lord when he comes to rule. - - 60 The Pleiades and Hyades are sometimes spoken of as constellations, - but this is a mistake; they are integral parts of Taurus. - - 61 See Jer. xxx. 21; and Matt. xxi. 10. - - 62 The star {~GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA~} (in the belt) is called _Mintaka_, _dividing_, as a - sacrifice. (Lev. viii. 2.) - - 63 Note, that-- - - In a and _a_, we have the rising of Israel; - In b and _b_, the light that is come upon her; - In c and _c_, the glory of the LORD; and - In d and _d_, the darkness of the world. - - 64 It is also reckoned in the horn of Taurus. - - 65 The same as in 2 Sam. iv. 1. - - 66 Our English "Sir" is derived from this word. - - 67 _Euphratean Stellar Researches_. - - 68 Marg., "_the captives of the just_," or, as read by _the Vulg._ and - _Syr._, "_the captives of the terrible_." - - 69 The Scarabaeus, passing its early existence as a worm of the earth, - and thence issuing as a winged denizen of heaven, was held sacred by - the Egyptians as an emblem of the resurrection of the body. - - 70 The _Ass_ was the emblem of _Typhon_, the king _who smites_ or _is - smitten_. - - 71 The word is so rendered in Judges v. 16, in A.V. - - 72 _Euphratean Stellar Researches_, pp. 8, 9. - - 73 The Graeco-Judean equivalent of Joshua or Jesus. - - 74 Jamieson's _Scientific Display_, &c., p. 58. - - 75 (1) _Gor_, a lion's whelp. (2) _Ciphir_, a young lion when first - hunting for himself. (3) _Sachal_, a mature lion in full strength. - (4) _Laish_, a fierce lion. (5) _Labia_, a lioness; and (6) _Arieh_, - an adult lion, having paired, in search of his prey (Nah. ii. 12; 2 - Sam. xvii. 10; Num. xxiii. 24). - - 76 The passage consists really of two members, each of which is - arranged as an introversion, where the subject of 1 corresponds to - 7; 2 corresponds to 6; etc. - - 77 General Vallancey spells _Saros_ {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~}{~HEBREW POINT SIN DOT~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW POINT HOLAM~}{~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~}, which amounts to 666 by - Gematria! _Viz._, {~HEBREW LETTER SHIN~} = 300 + {~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~} = 70 + {~HEBREW LETTER RESH~} = 200 + {~HEBREW LETTER VAV~} = 6 + {~HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI~} = 90 = 666. - - 78 These facts are kindly supplied by Mr. E. W. Maunder, of the Royal - Observatory, Greenwich, who gives another example, as follows:-- - - In A.D. 586 there were two solar eclipses: on June 22 (Julian) the - old and dying eclipse, and on July 22 (Julian) another (the new - one). A _Saros_ (_viz._, 18 years and 11 days) earlier _there was - only one_, _viz._ on June 11 (Julian), A.D. 568, there being no - eclipse on July 11 of that year. - - The last appearance of this new eclipse, which first appeared on - July 22, 586, was on August 28 (Greg.), 1848, so that it had a life - history of 70 _Sari_, amounting to 1,262 years 36 days (after the - Julian dates have been corrected to correspond to the Gregorian). - Thus the eclipse that died, so to speak, on August 28 (Greg.), 1848, - first appeared on July 22 (Julian) in A.D. 586. See an important - article on Eclipses by Mr. E. W. Maunder in _Knowledge_, for October - 1893, where other _life-histories_ of eclipses are given, and the - whole subject of eclipses clearly explained. - - 79 The relations between 595 years and 1,262 years 36 days, are the - same as the relations between 594 years and 1,260 years. The - difference of the 2 years 36 days is due to the excess of 10.96 days - over the 18 completed years in each _Saros._ - - 80 This is the date which concerns only the _City of Jerusalem_. The - Romans were not completely driven out from _the land_ until Caesarea - had fallen in 638, when the conquest was finally completed. See - Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_. - - 81 This date 636-7 is a great and important central date, whether we - reckon backwards or forwards; whether we reckon them as _Lunar_, - _Zodiacal_ (360 days), or _Solar_ (365 days) years. - - (1.) If we take _Lunar years_ (= 1222-1/2 Solar)-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_, we get to 587 B.C., the very date of the - destruction of the Temple by Nebuchadnezzar. - - (b.) reckoning _forward_, we get to 1860 A.D., the very date of the - European intervention in the Lebanon, which has brought the Eastern - Question into its present prominent position. - - (2.) If we take _Zodiacal years_ (= 1242 Solar)-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_ we get to 608 B.C., the date of the battle - of Carchemish (2 Chron. xxxv. 20), when Babylon completed the - conquest of Assyria, and became supreme; utterly shattering all the - hope which Israel had in Egypt. - - (b.) reckoning _forward_ brings us to 1879 A.D., when, by the Treaty - of Berlin, Ottoman power received a blow from which it has never - recovered, and which has prepared the way for its extinction. - - (3.) If we take _Solar years_, then-- - - (a.) reckoning _backward_, we get to B.C. 624 (A.M. 3376), the - beginning of the Babylonian kingdom, the "head of gold." - - (b.) reckoning _forward_ we get to 1896-7 A.D., which is yet future. - - These reckonings in their _beginnings_ and _endings_ form an - _introversion_, or _Epanodos_, thus:-- - - 587 B.C. ... 606 B.C. ... 624 B.C. ... dates increasing. - - 1860 A.D. ... 1879 A.D. ... 1896-7 A.D. ... dates increasing. - - The _Solar_ reckonings are the more important dates; the _Lunar_ are - next in significance; while _Zodiacal_ reckonings furnish us with - dates which, to say the least, fit neatly into their places. - - 82 These dates are those furnished by the Monuments, as given by Dr. - Budge, of the British Museum, in his _Babylonian Life and History_, - R.T.S., 1885. They also agree with the dates dug up by Sir Henry - Rawlinson in 1862, consisting of fragments of seven copies of the - famous "Eponym Canon of Assyria," by which the Assyrian chronology - has been definitely settled. Before this, historians had to be - content with inferences and conjectures. - - 83 In adjusting the A.M. and B.C. dates, the latter are always - apparently one year in advance of the former, because B.C. 4000 was - A.M. 1, and B.C. 3999 was A.M. 2. Hence A.M. 3376 is not B.C. 624, - but it is B.C. 625. - - 84 Cyrus took Babylon, according to the Monuments, in the 17th year of - Nabonidus, B.C. 539. 1 Maccabees i. begins the first of Alexander - from the death of Darius Codomannus in A.M. 3672. This would - slightly vary the above distribution of the years of separate - duration. - - 85 In passing from B.C. dates to A.D. dates, _one year must always be - deducted_, _e.g._, from B.C. 2 to A.D. 2 is only _three_ years, not - four! Thus-- - - From Jan. 1 B.C. 2 to Jan. 1 B.C. 1 is one year. - - From Jan. 1 B.C. 1 to Jan. 1 A.D. 1 is one year. - - From Jan. 1 A.D. 1 to Jan. 1 A.D. 2 is one year. - - These make only _three_ years. - - Hence, B.C. 31 to A.D. 636 is 666 years, not 667. - - 86 While the _premisses_ of the Historicist school are thus - strengthened, their _conclusions_ are shown to be erroneous. - - 87 And cause sacrifice and oblation to cease (Dan. ix. 27). We know - that is referred, by historicists, to the Messiah. But they are not - entitled to so interpret this passage unless they take with it viii. - 11, xi. 31, and xii. 11, where the same event is distinctly referred - to, and is spoken, not of Christ, but of Antichrist. - - 88 See ARATOS, line 440. - - 89 As proved by Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., in his _Remarks on the - Euphratean Astronomical Names of the Signs of the Zodiac_ (p. 16). - - 90 By the kind permission of Mr. Robt. Brown, junr., _The Celestial - Equator of Aratos_, p. 466. - - 91 See this shown on the cover of this book. - - 92 Menant, _Empreintes de Cachets Assyro-Chaldeens_, 9. "Sur un contrat - date du 8 Tisri, de l'annee de Bin-takkil-ani, 690 ou 645 avant - J.C." - - 93 _Researches on the Euphratean Astronomical Names of the Signs of the - Zodiac_, p. 17. - - 94 In _Georgica_, i. 33. - - 95 AP PETAVIUS, _Uranologion_, 168, "_The claws, called by the - Egyptians Zugon_," _i.e._, _the yoke_ that joins any two things - together. - - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WITNESS OF THE STARS*** - - - -CREDITS - - -May 21, 2015 - - Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1 - Produced by David Garcia, Jeff G., David King, and the Online - Distributed Proofreading Team at <http://www.pgdp.net/>. - - - -A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG - - -This file should be named 49018.txt or 49018.zip. - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - - - http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/9/0/1/49018/ - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one -- the old editions will be -renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law -means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the -Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States -without permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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