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| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-03-21 05:21:04 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-03-21 05:21:04 -0700 |
| commit | c7f78be819ae3fec25e1bfac7f180503cb5dee76 (patch) | |
| tree | 78017766fd4be60c5553217de0152058b1a08146 | |
| parent | 82fcb86059831360d7acb7c2385ba93b1528e80b (diff) | |
| -rw-r--r-- | 44653-0.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 44653-h/44653-h.htm | 14869 |
2 files changed, 7431 insertions, 7440 deletions
diff --git a/44653-0.txt b/44653-0.txt index 4ab9e15..887d2b6 100644 --- a/44653-0.txt +++ b/44653-0.txt @@ -7251,7 +7251,7 @@ nominative singular: as, #muliebris#, #mediocris#, #inlūstris#. | _Nom._ | ācer ācris ācre | ācres ācres ācria | | _Gen._ | ācris ācris ācris | ācrium ācrium ācrium | | _Dat._ | ācrī ācrī ācrī | ācribus ācribus ācribus | - | _Acc._ | ācrem ācrem ācrem | ācrīs, -ēs acrīs, -ēs ācria | + | _Acc._ | ācrem ācrem ācre | ācrīs, -ēs acrīs, -ēs ācria | | _Abl._ | ācrī ācrī ācrī | ācribus ācribus ācribus | +--------+---------------------+---------------------------------+ diff --git a/44653-h/44653-h.htm b/44653-h/44653-h.htm index f61a543..7b5a951 100644 --- a/44653-h/44653-h.htm +++ b/44653-h/44653-h.htm @@ -1,12 +1,10 @@ -<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" -"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> -<html> +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> <head> -<meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8"> -<title>Latin Grammar</title> -<meta name = "viewport" content = "width=device-width"> +<meta charset="utf-8"> +<title>Latin Grammar | Project Gutenberg</title> -<style type = "text/css"> +<style> body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 100%;} hr {width: 80%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; @@ -368,10 +366,6 @@ margin-right: -2%; margin-left: auto; right: auto; width: 2em; padding: 0; font-size: x-small;} } -@media handheld { - table.verblist, table.deplist {width: auto;} -} - @media screen /* and (max-width: 680px) */ { table.verblist, table.deplist {width: auto;} } @@ -383,7 +377,7 @@ padding: 0; font-size: x-small;} <div class = "mynote"> -<a name = "start" id = "start"> </a> +<a id = "start"> </a> <p>Typographical errors are shown with mouse-hover popups, and are listed again at the <a href = "#errata">end of the e-text</a>. Some apparent errors are “ghosts” of the first edition; see <a href = @@ -458,10 +452,10 @@ Van Rensselaer</span>.</p> <div class = "preface"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_v" id = "page_v"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_v"> v</a></span> -<h2><a name = "preface" id = "preface"> +<h2><a id = "preface"> PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.</a></h2> @@ -497,7 +491,7 @@ of <i>Versification</i>, were yet to receive their final form. Professor Lane had determined the order in which the topics contained in these pages should be treated, and no change has been made in that order. Most of the main principles of syntax, -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_vi" id = "page_vi"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_vi"> vi</a></span> too, have been left exactly as they were expressed in his draught. This draught was written some years ago, and, although he had corrected and @@ -512,7 +506,7 @@ do. Some modifications and some radical alterations were inevitable; in particular, the treatment of <i>quamvis</i>, <i>quando</i>, <i>quin</i>, the <i>Supine</i>, and <i>Numerals</i> seemed to call for much amplification and rearrangement. I have also deemed it necessary to -add some seventy sections<a class = "tag" name = "asterisk" id = +add some seventy sections<a class = "tag" id = "asterisk" href = "#footnote">*</a> under various heads, and Dr. Hayley has been good enough to write sections <a href = "#sec2458">2458-2510</a>, which precede his chapter on @@ -534,7 +528,7 @@ parts’ unless actually found represented in the authors. In the details of syntax, he was equally indefatigable; the sections on the <i>Locative Proper</i> (<a href = "#sec1331">1331-1341</a>), for instance, contain the result of an immense amount of painful -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_vii" id = "page_vii"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_vii"> vii</a></span> research. He devoted much anxious thought to the definitions and the titles of the various constructions: thus, the distinction between the @@ -577,7 +571,7 @@ pupils.</p> <p>In the course of his work, Professor Lane frequently consulted his colleagues and other distinguished scholars both in this country and in Europe. He gratefully welcomed their advice, and carefully -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_viii" id = "page_viii"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_viii"> viii</a></span> considered and often adopted their suggestions. Had he lived to write a preface, he would doubtless have thanked by name those to whom he @@ -598,7 +592,7 @@ from him.</p> <span class = "smallcaps">Cambridge</span>, <i>May, 1898</i>.</p> <p class = "footnote"> -<a class = "tag" name = "footnote" id = "footnote" href = +<a class = "tag" id = "footnote" href = "#asterisk">*</a> The sections which I have added are as follows: 1866, 1873, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1887, 1890, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1907, 1909, 1913, 1922, 1927, 1935, @@ -611,10 +605,10 @@ The sections which I have added are as follows: 1866, 1873, 1878, 1879, -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_ix" id = "page_ix"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_ix"> ix</a></span> -<h3><a name = "pref2" id = "pref2"> +<h3><a id = "pref2"> PREFATORY NOTE TO THE<br> REVISED EDITION.</a></h3> @@ -647,14 +641,14 @@ have found myself unable to agree.</p> <span class = "smallcaps">Harvard University</span>,<br> <span class = "smallcaps">Cambridge</span>, May, 1903.</p> -<a name = "page_x" id = "page_x"> </a> +<a id = "page_x"> </a> </div> <div class = "toc"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xi" id = "page_xi"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_xi"> xi</a></span> -<h2><a name = "contents" id = "contents">TABLE OF CONTENTS.</a></h2> +<h2><a id = "contents">TABLE OF CONTENTS.</a></h2> <p class = "heading head4">THE REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.</p> @@ -760,7 +754,7 @@ Length of Syllables, <a href = "#sec177">177</a>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>. Loss, <a href = "#sec179">179</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xii" id = "page_xii"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_xii"> xii</a></span> <p class = "heading head3"> <a href = "#formation"><b>(B.) FORMATION</b></a>, <a href = @@ -908,7 +902,7 @@ Inflection of <b>sum</b>, <b>serō</b>, <b>sistō</b>, <a href = "#sec758">758</a>. <b>inquam</b>, <a href = "#sec759">759</a>-<a href = "#sec761">761</a>. <b>eō</b>, <a href = "#sec762">762</a>-<a href = "#sec767">767</a>. <b>queō</b> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xiii" id = "page_xiii"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_xiii"> xiii</a></span> and <b>nequeō</b>, <a href = "#sec768">768</a>. <b>edō</b>, <a href = "#sec769">769</a>-<a href = "#sec771">771</a>. <b>volō</b>, <b>nōlō</b>, @@ -1041,7 +1035,7 @@ NOUN</a>, href = "#sec1139">1139</a>. Emphasizing or Defining, <a href = "#sec1140">1140</a>-<a href = "#sec1146">1146</a>. Of the Part Concerned, <a href = "#sec1147">1147</a>. Of the Thing Put -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xiv" id = "page_xiv"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_xiv"> xiv</a></span> On, <a href = "#sec1148">1148</a>. Of Exclamation, <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>-<a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>. Of Space and Time, <a href = "#sec1151">1151</a>-<a href = "#sec1156">1156</a>. Of @@ -1174,7 +1168,7 @@ Applications of Questions, <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>-<a href = of Intimation</span></a>, <a href = "#sec1534">1534</a>-<a href = "#sec1539">1539</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xv" id = "page_xv"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_xv"> xv</a></span> <p><a href = "#simple_mood_subj"><span class = "smallcaps">The Subjunctive</span></a>, <a href = "#sec1540">1540</a>-<a href = @@ -1304,7 +1298,7 @@ Combined, <a href = "#sec1832">1832</a>-<a href = "#sec1834">1834</a>. The Relative introducing a main Sentence, <a href = "#sec1835">1835</a>-<a href = "#sec1837">1837</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xvi" id = "page_xvi"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_xvi"> xvi</a></span> <p class = "heading"> <a href = "#complex_particle"><b>The Conjunctive Particle @@ -1456,7 +1450,7 @@ Numerals, <a href = "#sec2419">2419</a>-<a href = "#sec2422">2422</a> Other Numerals, <a href = "#sec2423">2423</a>. Fractions, <a href = "#sec2424">2424</a>-<a href = "#sec2428">2428</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xvii" id = "page_xvii"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page_xvii"> xvii</a></span> <p class = "heading"> @@ -1522,19 +1516,19 @@ their metres, <a href = "#sec2739">2739</a>.</p> <a href = "#index_words">Index of <b>Latin Words</b>.</a></p> -<a name = "page_xviii" id = "page_xviii"> </a> +<a id = "page_xviii"> </a> </div> <!-- end of toc --> <div class = "nouns"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page1" id = "page1"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page1"> 1</a></span> -<h1><a name = "title" id = "title" href = "#start">LATIN +<h1><a id = "title" href = "#start">LATIN GRAMMAR</a></h1> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1" id = "sec1" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1" href = "#title">1</a>.</b> Latin Grammar has two parts. I. The first part treats of words: (A.) their sound; (B.) their formation; (C.) their inflection. II. The second @@ -1542,31 +1536,31 @@ part shows how words are joined together in sentences.</p> -<h2><a name = "words" id = "words" href = "#title"> +<h2><a id = "words" href = "#title"> PART FIRST ❧ WORDS</a></h2> <!-- 2619, 2767 --> -<h5><a name = "words_parts" id = "words_parts" href = "#words">PARTS OF +<h5><a id = "words_parts" href = "#words">PARTS OF SPEECH.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2" id = "sec2" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2" href = "#words_parts">2</a>.</b> The principal kinds of words or <span class = "smallcaps">Parts of Speech</span> are <ins class = "correction" title = ", missing"><i>Nouns</i>,</ins> <i>Verbs</i>, and <i>Conjunctions</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec3" id = "sec3" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec3" href = "#words_parts">3</a>.</b> I. <span class = "smallcaps">Nouns</span> are <i>Substantive</i> or <i>Adjective</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec4" id = "sec4" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec4" href = "#words_parts">4</a>.</b> (A.) <span class = "smallcaps">Nouns Substantive</span>, otherwise called Substantives, are divided, as to meaning, into <i>Concrete</i> and <i>Abstract</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec5" id = "sec5" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec5" href = "#words_parts">5</a>.</b> (1.) <span class = "smallcaps">Concrete Substantives</span> denote persons or things. Concrete Substantives are subdivided into <i>Proper @@ -1575,7 +1569,7 @@ Names</i>, which denote individual persons or things: as, <b>Cicerō</b>, otherwise called <i>Appellatives</i>, which denote one or more of a class: as, <b>homo</b>, <i>man</i>; <b>taurus</b>, <i>bull</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec6" id = "sec6" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec6" href = "#words_parts">6</a>.</b> Appellatives which denote a collection of single things are called <i>Collectives</i>: as, <b>turba</b>, <i>crowd</i>; <b>exercitus</b>, @@ -1584,21 +1578,21 @@ not counted, but having measure or weight, are called <i>Material Substantives</i>: as, <b>vīnum</b>, <i>wine</i>; <b>ferrum</b>, <i>iron</i>; <b>faba</b>, <i>horsebeans</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec7" id = "sec7" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec7" href = "#words_parts">7</a>.</b> (2.) <span class = "smallcaps">Abstract Substantives</span> denote qualities, states, conditions: as, <b>rubor</b>, <i>redness</i>; <b>aequitās</b>, <i>fairness</i>; <b>sōlitūdō</b>, <i>loneliness</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec8" id = "sec8" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec8" href = "#words_parts">8</a>.</b> (B.) <span class = "smallcaps">Nouns Adjective</span>, otherwise called Adjectives, attached to substantives, describe persons or things: as, <b>ruber</b>, <i>red</i>; <b>aequus</b>, <i>fair</i>; <b>sōlus</b>, <i>alone</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec9" id = "sec9" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec9" href = "#words_parts">9</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Pronouns</span> are words of universal application which serve as substitutes for nouns.</p> @@ -1608,58 +1602,58 @@ application which serve as substitutes for nouns.</p> <i>I</i>, is universally applicable to any speaker, and <b>meus</b>, <i>mine</i>, to anything belonging to any speaker.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page2" id = "page2"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page2"> 2</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec10" id = "sec10" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec10" href = "#words_parts">10</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Adverbs</span> are mostly cases of nouns used to denote manner, place, time or degree: as, <b>subitō</b>, <i>suddenly</i>; <b>forās</b>, <i>out of doors</i>; <b>diū</b>, <i>long</i>; <b>valdē</b>, <i>mightily</i>, <i>very</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec11" id = "sec11" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec11" href = "#words_parts">11</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Prepositions</span> are adverbs which are used to modify as prefixes the meaning of verbs, or to define more nicely the meaning of cases: as, <b>vocō</b>, <i>I call</i>, <b>ēvocō</b>, <i>I call out</i>; <b>ex urbe</b>, <i>from town</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec12" id = "sec12" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec12" href = "#words_parts">12</a>.</b> II. <span class = "smallcaps">Verbs</span> are words which denote action, including existence or condition: as, <b>regit</b>, <i>he guides</i>; <b>est</b>, <i>he is</i>; <b>latet</b>, <i>he is hid</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec13" id = "sec13" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec13" href = "#words_parts">13</a>.</b> III. <span class = "smallcaps">Conjunctions</span> connect sentences, nouns, or verbs: as, <b>et</b>, <i>and</i>; <b>sed</b>, <i>but</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec14" id = "sec14" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec14" href = "#words_parts">14</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Interjections</span> are cries which express feeling, and are not usually a part of the sentence: as, <b>ā</b>, <i>ah</i>; <b>heu</b>, <i>alas</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec15" id = "sec15" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec15" href = "#words_parts">15</a>.</b> There is no <span class = "smallcaps">Article</span> in Latin: thus, <b>mēnsa</b> may denote <i>table</i>, <i>a table</i>, or <i>the table</i>.</p> -<h3><a name = "sound" id = "sound" href = "#words">A. SOUND.</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "sound" href = "#words">A. SOUND.</a></h3> -<h5><a name = "sound_alph" id = "sound_alph" href = +<h5><a id = "sound_alph" href = "#sound">ALPHABET.</a></h5> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec16" id = "sec16" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec16" href = "#sound_alph">16</a>.</b> In Cicero’s time, the sounds of the Latin language were denoted by twenty-one letters (<i>DN.</i> 2, 93).</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Character</th> <th>Name</th> @@ -1778,7 +1772,7 @@ true sound is that of the French <i>ê</i> in <i>fête</i>; see <a href = "#sec39">39</a>. The names of the letters are indeclinable; for their gender, see <a href = "#sec412">412</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec17" id = "sec17" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec17" href = "#sound_alph">17</a>.</b> Two other letters were also in use to represent Greek sounds in Greek words; these were always called by their Greek names, and were placed at @@ -1786,15 +1780,15 @@ the end of the alphabet; they are <b>Y</b>, named <i>ü</i> (<a href = "#sec42">42</a>), and <b>Z</b>, named <b>zēta</b> (<a href = "#sec71">71</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page3" id = "page3"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page3"> 3</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec18" id = "sec18" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec18" href = "#sound_alph">18</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Origin of the Alphabet.</span> The Latin alphabet, which originally consisted of capitals only, was adapted from the alphabet of Chalcidian colonies in Italy.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec19" id = "sec19" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec19" href = "#sound_alph">19</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Spelling.</span> The signs for the Greek sounds denoted by φ and χ, and perhaps also that for θ, these three @@ -1802,17 +1796,17 @@ sounds being unknown in Latin, were used as numerals (<a href = "#sec2407">2407</a>). In words borrowed from the Greek the Romans at first represented θ by <b>t</b>, φ by <b>p</b>, and χ by <b>c</b>: as, <b>tūs</b>, <i>incense</i>, for <span class = "greek" title = -"thuos">θύος</span>; <b>Poenī</b>, <i>Punians</i>, for <span class = -"greek" title = "Phoinikes">Φοίνικες</span>; <b>calx</b>, <i>chalk</i>, -for <span class = "greek" title = "chalix">χάλιξ</span>. Occasionally +"thuos">θύος</span>; <b>Poenī</b>, <i>Punians</i>, for <span class = +"greek" title = "Phoinikes">Φοίνικες</span>; <b>calx</b>, <i>chalk</i>, +for <span class = "greek" title = "chalix">χάλιξ</span>. Occasionally also the Latin mute was doubled: as, <b>struppus</b>, <i>strap</i>, for -<span class = "greek" title = "strophos">στρόφος</span>. Later, about +<span class = "greek" title = "strophos">στρόφος</span>. Later, about the middle of the second century <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>, <b>th</b>, <b>ph</b>, and <b>ch</b> begin to be used: as, <b>cothurnus</b>, <i>boot</i>, for <span class = "greek" title = -"kothornos">κόθορνος</span>; <b>amphora</b>, <i>jar</i>, for <span class -= "greek" title = "amphora">ἀμφόρα</span>; <b>Achaea</b> for <span class -= "greek" title = "Achaia">Ἀχαιά</span>. In some instances these +"kothornos">κόθορνος</span>; <b>amphora</b>, <i>jar</i>, for <span class += "greek" title = "amphora">ἀμφόρα</span>; <b>Achaea</b> for <span class += "greek" title = "Achaia">Ἀχαιά</span>. In some instances these aspirates were next introduced even into words purely Latin: as, <b>chommodus</b>, <i>affable</i>, for <b>commodus</b>, an affectation ridiculed by Catullus (Cat. 84) and disapproved by Quintilian @@ -1828,11 +1822,11 @@ while he retained the unaspirated explosive in the proper names <i>crown</i>; and <b>lacrima</b>, <i>tear</i>. In a similar manner Greek ρ was at first transcribed by <b>r</b>: as, <b>rumpia</b>, <i>a kind of weapon</i>, for <span class = "greek" title = -"rhomphaia">ῥομφαία</span>; but later by <b>rh</b>: as, <b>rhētor</b>, +"rhomphaia">ῥομφαία</span>; but later by <b>rh</b>: as, <b>rhētor</b>, <i>rhetorician</i>, for <span class = "greek" title = "rhêtôr">ῥητωρ</span>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec20" id = "sec20" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec20" href = "#sound_alph">20</a>.</b> The letters <b>C</b> (first written <b><</b>) and <b>K</b> were at an early period used promiscuously, and <b>C</b> stood for both unvoiced @@ -1853,7 +1847,7 @@ cultivate</i>; <b>peqūnia</b>, <i>money</i>. But ordinarily <b>q</b> is found before unsyllabic (consonantal) <b>u</b> (<b>v</b>) only (<a href = "#sec22">22</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec21" id = "sec21" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec21" href = "#sound_alph">21</a>.</b> Before the introduction of <b>Y</b> and <b>Z</b> (<a href = "#sec17">17</a>), <b>u</b> was used for the Greek <b>υ</b>: as, @@ -1861,23 +1855,23 @@ Before the introduction of <b>Y</b> and <b>Z</b> (<a href = or, as a medial, <b>ss</b>, for <b>ζ</b>: as, <b>sōna</b>, <i>belt</i>, later <b>zōna</b>; <b>massa</b>, <i>lump</i>, for <span class = "greek" title = "maza">μᾶζα</span>; <b>malacissō</b>, <i>I soften</i>, for <span -class = "greek" title = "malakizō">μαλακίζω</span>. By a blunder, +class = "greek" title = "malakizō">μαλακίζω</span>. By a blunder, <b>y</b> was occasionally introduced in words of Latin origin: as, <b>lacryma</b>, <i>tear</i>, for <b>lacrima</b>, which was wrongly supposed to be derived from Greek <span class = "greek" title = -"dakru">δάκρυ</span>.</p> +"dakru">δάκρυ</span>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec22" id = "sec22" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec22" href = "#sound_alph">22</a>.</b> The characters <b>I</b> and <b>V</b> represent not only the two vowels <b>i</b> and <b>u</b>, but also their cognate semivowels (<a href = -"#sec52">52</a>) <b>i̭</b> and <b>ṷ</b> (<a href = "#sec83">83</a>), +"#sec52">52</a>) <b>i̭</b> and <b>ṷ</b> (<a href = "#sec83">83</a>), called commonly <i>consonant</i> <b>i</b> and <b>u</b>, but with less ambiguity <i>unsyllabic</i> <b>i</b> and <b>u</b> (<a href = "#sec82">82</a>; <a href = "#sec83">83</a>). They are equivalent to the English <i>y</i> and <i>w</i> respectively.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec23" id = "sec23" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec23" href = "#sound_alph">23</a>.</b> In words like <b>maior</b>, simple <b>i</b> was commonly written for the sound of <b>i̭i̭</b> (<a href = "#sec153_2">153, 2</a>; <a href = @@ -1895,7 +1889,7 @@ written, and one or the other letter made taller: as, <span class = "smallcaps">eiIvs</span> or <span class = "smallcaps">eIivs</span>, <i>of him</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec24" id = "sec24" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec24" href = "#sound_alph">24</a>.</b> The tall <b>i</b>, <b>I longa</b>, was used not only to represent unsyllabic <b>i</b> (<a href = "#sec22">22</a>), but, beginning with @@ -1909,16 +1903,16 @@ of words it occurs without reference to quantity for both short and long <b>i</b>, and, by mistake, <b>I</b> is elsewhere found for short <b>i</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page4" id = "page4"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page4"> 4</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec25" id = "sec25" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec25" href = "#sound_alph">25</a>.</b> The emperor Claudius (<span class = "smallroman">A.D.</span> 41-54) introduced a separate sign for unsyllabic <b>u</b> (<a href = "#sec22">22</a>), restricting the sign <b>v</b> to the vowel <b>u</b> (Quint. 1, 7, 26; Ta. 11, 14); but it did not become current.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec26" id = "sec26" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec26" href = "#sound_alph">26</a>.</b> In schoolbooks and most texts of the authors, the vowel <b>u</b> is printed <b>U</b>, <b>u</b>, and the consonant <b>V</b>, <b>v</b>. A @@ -1926,7 +1920,7 @@ character, <b>J</b>, <b>j</b>, was introduced in the 17th century, to indicate the consonant <b>i</b>. But this character is no longer usual in editions of the authors or in schoolbooks.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec27" id = "sec27" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec27" href = "#sound_alph">27</a>.</b> The distinction between <b>u</b> and <b>v</b> is not always made very consistently: <b>q</b> has regularly, and <b>g</b> and <b>s</b> have @@ -1937,7 +1931,7 @@ disyllables: <b>quōrum</b>, <i>of whom</i>; <b>anguis</b>, <i>snake</i>; sound (<a href = "#sec177">177</a>). See also <a href = "#sec2504">2504</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec28" id = "sec28" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec28" href = "#sound_alph">28</a>.</b> For the intermediate sound (<a href = "#sec103">103</a>) between <b>i</b> and <b>u</b>, as in the first syllable of <b>lubet</b>, @@ -1947,13 +1941,13 @@ For the intermediate sound (<a href = "#sec103">103</a>) between failed of acceptance, as did also the sign which he attempted to introduce for <b>ps</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec29" id = "sec29" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec29" href = "#sound_alph">29</a>.</b> The same characters were ordinarily used to denote both long and short vowels. But at different periods long vowels were sometimes indicated in inscriptions thus:</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec29_1" id = "sec29_1">1.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec29_1">1.</a>) Long <b>a</b>, <b>e</b>, or <b>u</b> was sometimes doubled: as, <span class = "smallroman">AARA</span>, <i>altar</i>; <span class = "smallroman">PAASTORES</span>, <i>shepherds</i>; <span class = @@ -1967,7 +1961,7 @@ assembly</i>; <span class = "smallroman">ARBITRATVV</span>, <i>by the decree</i>; and in other stems in <b class = "locked">-u-</b> (<a href = "#sec593">593</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec29_2" id = "sec29_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec29_2">2.</a>) Long <b>i</b> was often denoted (<i>a.</i>) By the spelling <b>ei</b> (after the pronunciation of this diphthong had been changed to <b>ī</b>, <a href = "#sec98">98</a>): as, <span class = @@ -1983,7 +1977,7 @@ taller letter (‘<i>i longa</i>’): as, <span class = "smallcaps">fIxa</span>, <i>fastened</i> (<a href = "#sec23">23</a>, <a href = "#sec24">24</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec29_3" id = "sec29_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec29_3">3.</a>) A mark called an <i>apex</i> (<img src = "images/apex.png" width = "50" height = "20" alt = "[three apices]">) was often put over a long vowel: as, <span class = "smallroman">FE͆CIT</span>, <i>made</i>; <span class = @@ -1999,7 +1993,7 @@ might be ambiguous: as, <span class = "smallroman">MÁLVS</span> (<b>mālus</b>), <i>mast</i>, to distinguish it from <span class = "smallroman">MALVS</span> (<b>malus</b>), <i>bad</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec30" id = "sec30" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec30" href = "#sound_alph">30</a>.</b> In schoolbooks, a long vowel is indicated by a horizontal line over it: as, <b>āra</b>, <i>altar</i>; <b>mēnsis</b>, <i>month</i>; <b>ōrdō</b>, @@ -2019,12 +2013,12 @@ short by others (<i>bin</i>). Thus (<a href = "#sec2446">2446</a>) = "#sec2514">2514</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page5" id = "page5"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page5"> 5</a></span> -<h5><a name = "sound_pronun" id = "sound_pronun" href = +<h5><a id = "sound_pronun" href = "#sound">PRONUNCIATION.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec31" id = "sec31" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec31" href = "#sound_pronun">31</a>.</b> The pronunciation of Latin sounds may be approximately determined: (<i>a</i>) from the description of the native grammarians and incidental @@ -2035,10 +2029,10 @@ spelling; (<i>c</i>) from the Greek transliteration of Latin words; from the Latin.</p> -<h5><a name = "sound_vowels" id = "sound_vowels" href = +<h5><a id = "sound_vowels" href = "#sound">VOWELS.</a></h5> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec32" id = "sec32" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec32" href = "#sound_vowels">32</a>.</b> Vowels are sounds which are produced by the vibrations of the vocal chords (this may be easily felt by placing a finger on the throat at the @@ -2049,13 +2043,13 @@ the tongue and the lips gives in each case to the cavity of the mouth. During the pronunciation of pure vowels no air escapes through the nose.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec33" id = "sec33" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec33" href = "#sound_vowels">33</a>.</b> The simple vowels, <b>a</b>, <b>e</b>, <b>i</b>, <b>o</b>, <b>u</b> (<b>y</b>), are either <i>long</i> or <i>short</i>. The sound of a long vowel is considered to be twice the length of that of a short.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec34" id = "sec34" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec34" href = "#sound_vowels">34</a>.</b> That a long vowel is equal to two shorts is a rule of metrical theory (see <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>). In actual pronunciation, there were @@ -2063,7 +2057,7 @@ undoubtedly various degrees of length, as in English: e.g., <i>sea</i>, <i>seize</i> (long), <i>cease</i> (half-long).</p> -<h6><a name = "sound_vowels_quantity" id = "sound_vowels_quantity" href +<h6><a id = "sound_vowels_quantity" href = "#sound_vowels">QUANTITY OF VOWELS.</a></h6> <p class = "fourth">The quantity of vowels must in general be learned by @@ -2078,67 +2072,67 @@ the rhythmical endings selected for sentences (<b>clausulae</b>, Cic. <i>O.</i> 191-226).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_vowels_short" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_vowels_short" href = "#sound_vowels_quantity">(A.) SHORT VOWELS.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec35" id = "sec35" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec35" href = "#sound_vowels_short">35</a>.</b> A vowel is short:</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec35_1" id = "sec35_1">1.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec35_1">1.</a>) Before another vowel or <b>h</b> (<a href = "#sec124">124</a>): as, <b>eōs</b>, <b>ēvehō</b>; compare <b>taceō</b> with <b>tacēre</b>. For exceptions in classical Latin, see <a href = "#sec127">127</a>; for exceptions in early Latin see <a href = "#sec126">126</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec35_2" id = "sec35_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec35_2">2.</a>) Before <b>nt</b> and <b>nd</b> (<a href = "#sec128">128</a>) if not the result of contraction: as, <b>calendae</b>, <b>centum</b>; compare <b>amant</b>, <b>amandus</b>, with <b>amāre</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec35_3" id = "sec35_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec35_3">3.</a>) Before final <b>t</b> and <b>m</b>, and, in words of more than one syllable, before final <b>r</b> and <b>l</b> (<a href = "#sec132">132</a>): compare <b>amat</b>, <b>amem</b>, with <b>amās</b> and <b>amēs</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page6" id = "page6"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page6"> 6</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_vowels_long" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_vowels_long" href = "#sound_vowels_quantity">(B.) LONG VOWELS.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec36" id = "sec36" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec36" href = "#sound_vowels_long">36</a>.</b> All vowels are long which are:</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec36_1" id = "sec36_1">1</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec36_1">1</a>) Weakened from a diphthong (<a href = "#sec96">96-101</a>; <a href = "#sec108">108</a>), or which are the result of contraction (<a href = "#sec118">118</a>): as, <b>concīdō</b> from <b>caedō</b>; <b>cōgō</b> from <b>co-agō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec36_2" id = "sec36_2">2</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec36_2">2</a>) Lengthened by compensation (<a href = "#sec121">121</a>): as, <b>quīnī</b> for <b>*quincnī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec36_3" id = "sec36_3">3</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec36_3">3</a>) Before <b>nf</b>, <b>ns</b>, often before <b>nc</b> followed by a consonant, and, in some cases, before <b>gn</b> (<a href = "#sec122">122</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "sound_pronun_vowel" id = "sound_pronun_vowel" href = +<h6><a id = "sound_pronun_vowel" href = "#sound_vowels">PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec37" id = "sec37" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec37" href = "#sound_pronun_vowel">37</a>.</b> The following English sounds come nearest to the Latin pronunciation of the vowels:</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec38" id = "sec38" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec38" href = "#sound_pronun_vowel">38</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Long vowels.</span> <b>ā</b> had the sound of <i>a</i> in <i>father</i>; <b>ē</b> that of <i>a</i> in <i>fate</i> (but @@ -2146,7 +2140,7 @@ see <a href = "#sec39">39</a>); <b>ī</b> that of <i>i</i> in <i>machine</i>; <b>ō</b> that of <i>o</i> in <i>tone</i>; <b>ū</b> that of <i>u</i> in <i>rule</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec39" id = "sec39" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec39" href = "#sound_pronun_vowel">39</a>.</b> It must be noted, however, that all English long vowels, save <i>a</i> as in <i>father</i>, are more or less diphthongal, that is, they become @@ -2157,7 +2151,7 @@ French <i>fête</i>), and <i>o</i> in <i>no</i> ends in the sound of and ends in a sound similar to the <i>y</i> in <i>year</i>. In Latin all long vowels had one sustained sound.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec40" id = "sec40" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec40" href = "#sound_pronun_vowel">40</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Short vowels.</span> <b>a</b> sounded approximately like the English <i>a</i> in the first syllable of @@ -2165,7 +2159,7 @@ approximately like the English <i>a</i> in the first syllable of <i>e</i> in <i>step</i>, <i>i</i> in <i>pit</i>, <i>o</i> in <i>obey</i>, and <i>u</i> in <i>pull</i> respectively.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec41" id = "sec41" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec41" href = "#sound_pronun_vowel">41</a>.</b> Latin short <b>a</b> did not differ, except in quantity, from long <b>ā</b>; it never had the ‘flat’ sound of English <i>a</i> in @@ -2180,7 +2174,7 @@ for <b>anima</b>, <i>soul</i>; and <b>vea</b> was the rustic pronunciation for <b>via</b>, <i>road</i> (Varro, <i>R. R.</i> 1, 2, 14).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec42" id = "sec42" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec42" href = "#sound_pronun_vowel">42</a>.</b> <b>Y</b>, which was a sound borrowed from the Greek (<a href = "#sec17">17</a>), sounded like German <i>ü</i>. The sound, which is @@ -2189,10 +2183,10 @@ missing in English, is formed with the tongue in position for <i>i</i> (in <i>moon</i>).</p> -<h6><a name = "sound_class" id = "sound_class" href = +<h6><a id = "sound_class" href = "#sound_vowels">CLASSIFICATION OF VOWELS.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec43" id = "sec43" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec43" href = "#sound_class">43</a>.</b> Vowels are divided according to the position of the tongue. Latin <b>i</b> and <b>e</b> are called <i>front vowels</i>, because the front @@ -2203,7 +2197,7 @@ tongue. This elevation is greater for <b>u</b> than for <b>o</b>. Latin <b>a</b> holds an intermediate position, no part of the tongue being raised, while the front part is depressed.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec44" id = "sec44" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec44" href = "#sound_class">44</a>.</b> In the formation of <b>i</b> and <b>e</b>, the tongue approaches the hard palate; hence these two vowels are also called <i>palatal @@ -2211,15 +2205,15 @@ vowels</i>. Similarly, <b>o</b> and <b>u</b> are called <i>velar</i> or <i>guttural vowels</i>, because in their formation the tongue approaches the soft palate (<b>vēlum palātī</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page7" id = "page7"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page7"> 7</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec45" id = "sec45" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec45" href = "#sound_class">45</a>.</b> <b>o</b> and <b>u</b> require a rounding of the lips (<b>labia</b>); hence they are called <i>labial vowels</i>. The same is true for <b>y</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec46" id = "sec46" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec46" href = "#sound_class">46</a>.</b> Comparing the vowels in English <i>keen</i> and <i>kin</i>, it will be noted that the passage between the tongue and the hard palate is @@ -2229,10 +2223,10 @@ vowel, while the <i>i</i> in <i>kin</i> is <i>wide</i> or <i>open</i>. See <a href = "#sec41">41</a>.</p> -<h5><a name = "sound_diphthong" id = "sound_diphthong" href = +<h5><a id = "sound_diphthong" href = "#sound">DIPHTHONGS.</a></h5> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec47" id = "sec47" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec47" href = "#sound_diphthong">47</a>.</b> Two unlike (<a href = "#sec43">43-46</a>) vowels pronounced under one stress and as one syllable form a <i>Diphthong</i>. All diphthongs are @@ -2244,7 +2238,7 @@ by pronouncing two vowels in succession, but the vocal organs pass through all the intermediate positions and consequently the sound is constantly changing.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec48" id = "sec48" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec48" href = "#sound_diphthong">48</a>.</b> In their origin diphthongs are of two kinds: (<i>a.</i>) primitive diphthongs: as in <b>foedus</b>, <i>treaty</i>; <b>aurum</b>, @@ -2252,7 +2246,7 @@ diphthongs: as in <b>foedus</b>, <i>treaty</i>; <b>aurum</b>, vowels meeting in formation, composition, or inflection: see <a href = "#sec120">120</a>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec49" id = "sec49" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec49" href = "#sound_diphthong">49</a>.</b> The diphthongs which occur in classical Latin are <b>au</b>, <b>ae</b>, <b>oe</b>, and the rare <b>ui</b> and <b>eu</b>.</p> @@ -2272,7 +2266,7 @@ combining Latin short <b>u</b> and <b>i</b> (<a href = <b>i</b> like French <i>oui</i>; <b>eu</b> by combining Latin short <b>e</b> and <b>u</b> with stress on the <b>u</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec50" id = "sec50" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec50" href = "#sound_diphthong">50</a>.</b> Besides these, the following diphthongs occur in the older inscriptions: <b>ai</b> pronounced as <i>ai</i> in <i>aisle</i>; <b>ei</b> as @@ -2282,20 +2276,20 @@ Besides these, the following diphthongs occur in the older inscriptions: "#sec39">39</a>).</p> -<h5><a name = "sound_consonants" id = "sound_consonants" href = +<h5><a id = "sound_consonants" href = "#sound">CONSONANTS.</a></h5> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec51" id = "sec51" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec51" href = "#sound_consonants">51</a>.</b> Consonants are formed by stopping the breath somewhere in the cavity of the mouth or by squeezing it through a narrow channel or aperture.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec52" id = "sec52" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec52" href = "#sound_consonants">52</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Semivowels.</span> There is no sharp line of demarcation between consonants and vowels. Some vowels in unsyllabic function (<a href = "#sec82">82</a>, <a href = "#sec83">83</a>) -notably <b>i</b> (<i>i̭</i>) and <b>u</b> (<i>ṷ</i>) (corresponding to +notably <b>i</b> (<i>i̭</i>) and <b>u</b> (<i>ṷ</i>) (corresponding to English <i>y</i> and <i>w</i>), though usually classed as consonants, are so closely related to the vowels that they are termed semivowels (<a href = "#sec2504">2504</a>). To these may be added also the liquids @@ -2309,17 +2303,17 @@ class = "locked">-quu-</b> <a href = "#sec157">157</a>; and for <b class <b>*Bōi̭ī</b>). See <a href = "#sec153_3">153, 3</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page8" id = "page8"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page8"> 8</a></span> -<h6><a name = "sound_cons_pronun" id = "sound_cons_pronun" href = +<h6><a id = "sound_cons_pronun" href = "#sound_consonants">PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec53" id = "sec53" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec53" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">53</a>.</b> Most of the consonants are pronounced as in English. The following points must be noticed:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec54" id = "sec54" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec54" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">54</a>.</b> <b>b</b> before <b>a</b> surd, as <b>s</b> or <b>t</b>, has the sound of <b>p</b>. The spelling <b>b</b> is here simply etymological: as, @@ -2330,24 +2324,24 @@ retained because of the oblique cases <b>urbis</b>, <b>urbī</b>, etc.); spelling of the preposition <b>ob</b> was kept (<a href = "#sec164">164</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec55" id = "sec55" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec55" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">55</a>.</b> <b>c</b> has always the sound of English <i>k</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec56" id = "sec56" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec56" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">56</a>.</b> <b>d</b> before the surd <b>s</b> is pronounced <b>t</b>; the spelling <b>d</b> is preserved for etymological reasons only: as, <b>adsum</b>, pronounced <i>atsum</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec57" id = "sec57" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec57" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">57</a>.</b> <b>g</b> always has the sound of English <i>g</i> in <i>go</i>, never that of <i>g</i> in <i>gentle</i>. <b>gu</b>, when it makes one syllable with the following vowel, is pronounced like English <i>gw</i>: as, <b>sanguine</b> like <i>sanguine</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec58" id = "sec58" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec58" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">58</a>.</b> <b>h</b> has a weak sound as <i>h</i> in British English (Southern), and by some was not counted as a consonant. Consequently the same @@ -2363,12 +2357,12 @@ in <i>coëxtensive</i>): as, <b>ahēneus</b>, <i>bronze</i>, with <b>aē</b> separate (<a href = "#sec116a">116 <i>a</i></a>); but <b>aes</b>, <i>bronze</i>, with diphthongal <b>ae</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec59" id = "sec59" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec59" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">59</a>.</b> Unsyllabic (<a href = "#sec22">22</a>) or consonant <b>i</b> has the sound of English <i>y</i> in <i>year</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec60" id = "sec60" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec60" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">60</a>.</b> There were two varieties of <b>l</b>. One was like the English <i>l</i>, guttural in character, because in its pronunciation not only the blade @@ -2380,7 +2374,7 @@ second variety appeared in the combination <b>ll</b>, or whenever <b>e</b> or <b>i</b>, or when it was final. Elsewhere <b>l</b> was guttural.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec61" id = "sec61" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec61" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">61</a>.</b> From the earliest times final m in unaccented syllables had a faint sound or was even inaudible (Quint. 9, 4, 39). Consequently it is @@ -2400,7 +2394,7 @@ where <b>m</b> closes the accented syllable, it did not vanish (<a href difference in the treatment of final <b>m</b> is reflected in the Romance languages.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec62" id = "sec62" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec62" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">62</a>.</b> <b>n</b> stands for two sounds. It represents the dental nasal, as <i>n</i> in English <i>now</i>. But before the gutturals <b>k</b>, @@ -2414,9 +2408,9 @@ sometimes called <b>n adulterīnum</b> or ‘spurious <b>n</b>,’ thus: (in <b>inquit</b>) as <i>inkw</i> in <i>inkwiper</i>; <b>nx</b> (in <b>pīnxit</b>) as in <i>lynx</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page9" id = "page9"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page9"> 9</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec63" id = "sec63" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec63" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">63</a>.</b> Dental <b>n</b> before <b>s</b> had a reduced sound, and is therefore sometimes omitted in writing: as, <span class = @@ -2427,13 +2421,13 @@ side of <b>vīcēnsimus</b>, Cicero omitted the <b>n</b> in the adjective suffix <b class = "locked">-ēnsis</b>: as, <b>forēsia</b>, <i>of the forum</i>; <b>hortēsia</b>, <i>garden plants</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec64" id = "sec64" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec64" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">64</a>.</b> <b>q</b>, in classical Latin, appears only in the combination <b>qu</b>, sounded like English <i>qu</i> or <i>kw</i> (<a href = "#sec27">27</a>). <b>r</b> was trilled.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec65" id = "sec65" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec65" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">65</a>.</b> <b>s</b>, in classical Latin was always unvoiced (surd, <a href = "#sec75">75</a>) like English <i>s</i> in <i>so</i>, <i>sin</i>, never @@ -2442,7 +2436,7 @@ voiced (sonant, <a href = "#sec75">75</a>) as English <i>s</i> in vowel, is like <i>sw</i> in <i>sweet</i> (<a href = "#sec27">27</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec66" id = "sec66" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec66" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">66</a>.</b> In old Latin, final <b>s</b> after a short vowel and before a consonant seems to have been reduced in sound or to have disappeared altogether. @@ -2452,30 +2446,30 @@ pre-Ciceronian poets final <b>s</b> often does not make position (<a href = "#sec2468">2468</a>). But such omission was considered vulgar in Cicero’s time (Cic. <i>O.</i> 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec67" id = "sec67" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec67" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">67</a>.</b> In the archaic period Latin <b>s</b> stood also for the voiced sibilant (English <i>s</i> in <i>ease</i>, <i>z</i> in <i>zeal</i>), as in <span class = "smallroman">ASA</span>, <i>altar</i> (<a href = "#sec154">154</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec68" id = "sec68" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec68" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">68</a>.</b> <b>t</b> is always sounded as in <i>time</i>, never as in <i>nation</i>. The pronunciation of <b>ci</b> and <b>ti</b> with the <b>c</b> and <b>t</b> as sibilants (as in English <i>cinder</i>, <i>nation</i>) is very late.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec69" id = "sec69" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec69" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">69</a>.</b> <b>v</b> is like the English <i>w</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec70" id = "sec70" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec70" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">70</a>.</b> <b>x</b> is a compound consonant, standing for <b>cs</b>, and so sounded, never as English <i>gs</i> or <i>gz</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec71" id = "sec71" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec71" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">71</a>.</b> <i>z</i>, being a Greek sound, should have retained its Greek pronunciation. This differed in the different dialects; in the Attic of @@ -2486,7 +2480,7 @@ sound (Quint. 12, 10, 27 f.), but the grammarian Velius Longus expressly states that it should not be pronounced as a compound sound (<i>zd</i>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec72" id = "sec72" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec72" href = "#sound_cons_pronun">72</a>.</b> About 100 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> the combinations <b>ch</b>, <b>ph</b>, and <b>th</b> were introduced in Greek words to @@ -2500,10 +2494,10 @@ or <i>ich</i>, <b>ph</b> as in <i>graphic</i>, and <b>th</b> as in <i>pathos</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "sound_cons_class" id = "sound_cons_class" href = +<h6><a id = "sound_cons_class" href = "#sound_consonants">CLASSIFICATION OF CONSONANTS.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec73" id = "sec73" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec73" href = "#sound_cons_class">73</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Explosives.</span> Consonants which are formed by stopping the breath in the oral cavity and then suddenly removing the @@ -2511,7 +2505,7 @@ obstruction are called <i>explosives</i>. They cannot be prolonged in sound. They are: <b>c</b>, <b>k</b>, <b>q</b>, <b>g</b>; <b>t</b>, <b>d</b>; <b>p</b>, <b>b</b>. These are often called <i>mutes</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec74" id = "sec74" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec74" href = "#sound_cons_class">74</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Continuants.</span> Consonants which may be prolonged in sound are called <i>continuants</i>. They are: unsyllabic @@ -2520,9 +2514,9 @@ prolonged in sound are called <i>continuants</i>. They are: unsyllabic "#sec60">60</a>), <b>r</b>; <b>l</b>, <b>s</b>, <b>f</b>; <b>n</b> (<a href = "#sec62">62</a>), <b>m</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page10" id = "page10"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page10"> 10</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec75" id = "sec75" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec75" href = "#sound_cons_class">75</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Voiced</span> and <span class = "smallcaps">Unvoiced</span>. If during the emission of breath the vocal @@ -2535,7 +2529,7 @@ chords vibrate (<a href = "#sec32">32</a>), the consonant is said to be <i>surd</i>: <b>c</b>, <b>k</b>, <b>q</b>; <b>t</b>; <b>p</b>; <b>h</b>, <b>s</b>, <b>f</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec76" id = "sec76" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec76" href = "#sound_cons_class">76</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Nasals.</span> In the majority of consonants, the breath escapes through the cavity of the mouth, and the cavity of @@ -2544,7 +2538,7 @@ consonants in which the breath escapes through the nose, while the oral cavity is closed, are called <i>nasals</i>: as, <b>n</b>, <b>m</b>, <b>n adulterīnum</b> (see <a href = "#sec62">62</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec77" id = "sec77" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec77" href = "#sound_cons_class">77</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Classification according to place of <ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">formation.</ins></span> @@ -2568,19 +2562,19 @@ approaches the rear part of the palate as in <b>k</b>, <b>q</b>, <i>sing</i>), and <b>l</b> (<a href = "#sec60">60</a>), we speak of <i>gutturals</i> (<i>velars</i>); see <a href = "#sec44">44</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec78" id = "sec78" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec78" href = "#sound_cons_class">78</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Spirants.</span> Sounds which are produced by friction of the breath are called <i>spirants</i>: as, <b>s</b>, <b>f</b>, and <b>h</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec79" id = "sec79" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec79" href = "#sound_cons_class">79</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Sibilants.</span> On account of its hissing sound, <b>s</b> is called a sibilant. English <i>s</i>, <i>z</i>, <i>th</i> are sibilants.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec80" id = "sec80" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec80" href = "#sound_cons_class">80</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Doubling of Consonants.</span> In English, double consonants as the <i>tt</i>, <i>nn</i>, <i>pp</i>, <i>mm</i> in @@ -2597,7 +2591,7 @@ place (= second <b>t</b>). In the case of continuants (<a href = <b>l</b>, and at the beginning of the second half of the long continuant there was a slight increase of force.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec81" id = "sec81" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec81" href = "#sound_cons_class">81</a>.</b> Consonants were not doubled in writing till after 200 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>: as, <span class = "smallroman">FVISE</span> @@ -2609,10 +2603,10 @@ conquered</i>; but it must not be inferred that they were pronounced as single consonants.</p> -<h5><a name = "sound_syllabic" id = "sound_syllabic" href = +<h5><a id = "sound_syllabic" href = "#sound">SYLLABIC AND UNSYLLABIC FUNCTION.</a></h5> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec82" id = "sec82" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec82" href = "#sound_syllabic">82</a>.</b> Whenever two or more sounds are combined in a syllable, one of them excels in acoustic prominence: as, <i>a</i> in English <i>pat</i>; @@ -2623,15 +2617,15 @@ function</i> or to be <i>syllabic</i>; in the examples given, <i>a</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>l</i>, and <i>s</i> are respectively syllabic. All the other members of each group are termed <i>unsyllabic</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page11" id = "page11"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page11"> 11</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec83" id = "sec83" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec83" href = "#sound_syllabic">83</a>.</b> Vowels are almost always used in syllabic function. When, in rare cases, they are unsyllabic, this fact is usually indicated in phonetic works by an inverted half-circle, ̭, placed under the vowel; so in the case of diphthongs to indicate the subordinate member: as <b>ai̭</b>, -<b>oḙ</b>, <b>ṷi</b> (<a href = "#sec49">49</a>). Latin <b>omnia</b> +<b>oḙ</b>, <b>ṷi</b> (<a href = "#sec49">49</a>). Latin <b>omnia</b> and English <i>glorious</i>, when pronounced as words of two syllables, would be written <b>omni̭a</b> (<a href = "#sec2503">2503</a>), <i>glori̭ous</i>. When sounds other than vowels have, in rare cases, @@ -2641,10 +2635,10 @@ or circle, ˳ , under the letter: as, Latin <b>*agṛs</b>, <b>*agr̥s</b> <i>opn̥d</i>.</p> -<h5><a name = "sound_accent" id = "sound_accent" href = +<h5><a id = "sound_accent" href = "#sound">ACCENT.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec84" id = "sec84" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec84" href = "#sound_accent">84</a>.</b> The relative force with which the different syllables of a word are uttered varies. Such variation in emphasis is called <i>stress @@ -2658,7 +2652,7 @@ In the English <i>contradict</i>, the last syllable has the chief accent, a secondary accent falls on the first, and the second syllable is unstressed.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec85" id = "sec85" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec85" href = "#sound_accent">85</a>.</b> It is not customary to indicate the place of accents in Latin by special signs. When, for special reasons, signs are used, ´ denotes the chief @@ -2666,10 +2660,10 @@ accent, ` the secondary accent, while the unstressed syllables are left unmarked.</p> -<h6><a name = "sound_accent_classical" id = "sound_accent_classical" +<h6><a id = "sound_accent_classical" href = "#sound_accent">THE CLASSICAL ACCENT.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec86" id = "sec86" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec86" href = "#sound_accent_classical">86</a>.</b> In classical Latin the place of the chief accent may be determined by the following rules.</p> @@ -2679,7 +2673,7 @@ penult (<a href = "#sec175">175</a>): as,</p> <p class = "fourth"><b>hómo</b>; <b>ā́cer</b>.</p> -<p class = "first">(<a name = "sec86_2" id = "sec86_2">2.</a>) Words of +<p class = "first">(<a id = "sec86_2">2.</a>) Words of more than two syllables have the accent on the penult when that syllable is long (<a href = "#sec177">177</a>); otherwise on the antepenult: as,</p> @@ -2689,7 +2683,7 @@ as,</p> "#sec178">178</a>); <b>árborēs</b>, <b>árbutus</b>, <b>gladíolus</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec87" id = "sec87" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec87" href = "#sound_accent_classical">87</a>.</b> A short penult retains the accent in the genitive and vocative with a single <b>ī</b> from stems in <b class = "locked">-io-</b> (<a href = @@ -2698,7 +2692,7 @@ single <b>ī</b> from stems in <b class = "locked">-io-</b> (<a href = <b>Valérī</b>; <b>Mercúrī</b>. For <b>calefácis</b>, &c., see <a href = "#sec394">394</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec88" id = "sec88" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec88" href = "#sound_accent_classical">88</a>.</b> In a few words which have lost a syllable the accent is retained on the last syllable; such are (1.) compounds of the imperatives <b>dīc</b> and @@ -2711,7 +2705,7 @@ class = "locked">-ītis</b>: as, <b>Arpīnā́s</b>, for <b>Arpīnā́tis</b>; abbreviated (<a href = "#sec113">113</a>) enclitics <b class = "locked">-c</b> for <b class = "locked">-ce</b> and <b class = "locked">-n</b> for <b class = "locked">-ne</b>: as, <b>illī́c</b>; -<b>tantṓn</b>; <b>audīstī́n</b> (for the shortening of the final +<b>tantṓn</b>; <b>audīstī́n</b> (for the shortening of the final syllable: as, <b>vidén</b>, <i>dost see?</i>, see <a href = "#sec129">129</a>); (4.) <b>audī́t</b>, contracted from <b>audīvit</b> (<a href = "#sec154">154</a>, <a href = @@ -2719,12 +2713,12 @@ syllable: as, <b>vidén</b>, <i>dost see?</i>, see <a href = href = "#sec90">90</a>) for all these long syllables.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page12" id = "page12"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page12"> 12</a></span> -<h6><a name = "sound_accent_recess" id = "sound_accent_recess" href = +<h6><a id = "sound_accent_recess" href = "#sound_accent">EARLIER RECESSIVE ACCENT.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec89" id = "sec89" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec89" href = "#sound_accent_recess">89</a>.</b> In the preliterary period of the Latin language, the accent tended to go as far from the end of the word as possible (<i>recessive accent</i>). @@ -2738,7 +2732,7 @@ accent has survived, only in Plautus’s accentuation of words of the form be traced in literary Latin by the phonetic changes which it produced (<a href = "#sec102">102 ff.</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec90" id = "sec90" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec90" href = "#sound_accent_recess">90</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Musical element.</span> The native Latin grammarians slight the stress accentuation and pay much attention @@ -2749,7 +2743,7 @@ however, probable that a stressed vowel was uttered on a higher key the long, accented vowel showed a rise and fall (circumflex): as, <b>illîc</b> (<a href = "#sec88">88</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec91" id = "sec91" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec91" href = "#sound_accent_recess">91</a>.</b> The force of the Latin stress accent must have varied at different periods and in different localities, as it now varies in the Romance @@ -2759,16 +2753,16 @@ difference between accented and unaccented syllables was much less marked than it is in English.</p> -<h6><a name = "sound_accent_proclitic" id = "sound_accent_proclitic" +<h6><a id = "sound_accent_proclitic" href = "#sound_accent">PROCLITICS AND ENCLITICS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec92" id = "sec92" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec92" href = "#sound_accent_proclitic">92</a>.</b> <b>Proclitics</b> are unaccented words which are pronounced as a part of the following word; they are: (1.) The relative and indefinite pronouns and their derivatives; (2.) Prepositions.</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<i><a name = "sec92a" id = "sec92a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fifth">(<i><a id = "sec92a">a.</a></i>) Thus, <b>quō diē</b>, pronounced <b>quōdíē</b>; <b>quī vīxit</b>, <b>quīvī́xit</b>; <b>genus unde Latīnum</b>, <b>génus undeLatī́num</b>. Similarly <b>quamdíū</b>, <i>as long as</i>; <b>iamdíū</b>, <i>this long @@ -2785,19 +2779,19 @@ with the following word. Phrases like <b>extemplō</b>, <i>suddenly</i>, <b>invicem</b> (<a href = "#sec94">94</a>), <i>in turn</i>, are commonly written and accented as one word. But the preposition is accented when it is followed by a monosyllabic unemphatic (and therefore enclitic) -personal pronoun: as, <b>ín mē</b>; <b>ábs tē</b> (but <b>abs tḗ</b>, +personal pronoun: as, <b>ín mē</b>; <b>ábs tē</b> (but <b>abs tḗ</b>, if <b>tē</b> is emphatic). All prepositions used as adverbs (<a href = "#sec1402">1402</a>) have an independent accent.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec93" id = "sec93" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec93" href = "#sound_accent_proclitic">93</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Enclitics</span> are words which have no accent of their own, but are pronounced as a part of the word preceding. This increase of the number of syllables produced certain accentual changes, all the details of which are not clear. When the enclitic was monosyllabic the place of the accent seems to have been determined as in -<a href = "#sec86">86</a>; thus <b>vídēs</b>, but <b>vidḗsne</b>; -<b>Látiō</b>, but <b>Latiṓque</b>. Again, when by the addition of a +<a href = "#sec86">86</a>; thus <b>vídēs</b>, but <b>vidḗsne</b>; +<b>Látiō</b>, but <b>Latiṓque</b>. Again, when by the addition of a monosyllabic enclitic the accent falls on the fourth syllable from the end, a secondary (<a href = "#sec84">84</a>, <a href = "#sec85">85</a>) accent was probably placed on the penult: as, @@ -2808,15 +2802,15 @@ class = "locked">-ve</b>, and <b class = "locked">-ce</b> should be accented. In <b>deinde</b> and <b>subinde</b> there is authority for placing the accent on the first syllable.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page13" id = "page13"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page13"> 13</a></span> <p class = "fifth">Enclitics are: (1.) Unemphatic personal and indefinite pronouns: as, <b>in mē</b>, pronounced, <b>ínmē</b>; <b>dā mihi</b>, <b>dā́mihi</b>; <b>sīc tibi</b>, <b>sī́ctibi</b>; <b>sī -quis</b>, <b>sī́quis</b>; <b>nē quid</b>, <b>nḗquid</b>. +quis</b>, <b>sī́quis</b>; <b>nē quid</b>, <b>nḗquid</b>. (2.) Verbs when used as auxiliaries: as, <b>possum</b> for <b>pót(e) sum</b> (<a href = "#sec752">752</a>); <b>quī́ libet</b> (<a -href = "#sec2401">2401</a>); <b>vidḗlicet</b>, <b>īlicet</b>, +href = "#sec2401">2401</a>); <b>vidḗlicet</b>, <b>īlicet</b>, <b>scīlicet</b> (<a href = "#sec712">712</a>); <b>quámvīs</b> (<a href = "#sec1903">1903</a>); the forms of <b>esse</b> in compound tenses (<a href = "#sec719">719</a>), so that <b>est</b> is frequently combined, @@ -2827,10 +2821,10 @@ even in writing, with the preceding past participle (<a href = shortened <b>satín</b>; <b>Hyrcānīsve Arabī́sve</b>; <b>istī́ce</b> or shortened <b>istîc</b> (<a href = "#sec90">90</a>), <b>adhûc</b> (<a href = "#sec90">90</a>). (4.) The copulative conjunction <b class = -"locked">-que</b>: as, <b>Latiṓque</b>, <b>līmináque</b>. (5.) The +"locked">-que</b>: as, <b>Latiṓque</b>, <b>līmináque</b>. (5.) The preposition <b>cum</b> when it follows (<a href = "#sec1435">1435</a>) its case. (6.) The particle <b>quidem</b>: as, <b>sī quidem</b>, -<b>síquidem</b> (<a href = "#sec131">131</a>). (<a name = "sec93_7" id = +<b>síquidem</b> (<a href = "#sec131">131</a>). (<a id = "sec93_7">7.</a>) Other enclitics are: <b class = "locked">-met</b> (<a href = "#sec650">650</a>): as, <b>egómet</b>; <b class = "locked">-dem</b>: as, <b>ibídem</b>; <b class = "locked">-nam</b>: as, @@ -2842,7 +2836,7 @@ class = "locked">-per</b>: as, <b>parúmper</b>; the vocative when it was closely joined to the preceding word, e.g. an imperative: as, <b>dī́c puer</b> (<a href = "#sec106">106</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec94" id = "sec94" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec94" href = "#sound_accent_proclitic">94</a>.</b> Two words expressing what is really one single idea are often bound together by <i>one</i> accent, one of them acting the part of either a @@ -2852,8 +2846,8 @@ proclitic or enclitic.</p> "#sec89">89</a>), <b>Iū́piter</b> (<a href = "#sec133">133</a>; <a href = "#sec389">389</a>; originally a vocative which came to be used as nominative; for the change of <b>pater</b> to <b>piter</b> see <a href = -"#sec104">104</a>); <b>ínvicem</b>, <i>in turn</i>; <b>dḗnuō</b> for -<b>dḗ nóvō</b> (<a href = "#sec106">106</a>); with the later, classical +"#sec104">104</a>); <b>ínvicem</b>, <i>in turn</i>; <b>dḗnuō</b> for +<b>dḗ nóvō</b> (<a href = "#sec106">106</a>); with the later, classical accent, <b>lēgislā́tor</b>, <b>paterfamíliās</b>, <b>orbisterrā́rum</b>, <b>extémplō</b>, <b>imprī́mīs</b>. When unemphatic <b>ille</b> and <b>iste</b> preceded their noun and had practically the value of our @@ -2863,17 +2857,17 @@ canis</b>. This use is particularly common in vulgar and late Latin (see <a href = "#sec112">112</a>).</p> -<h5 class = "topline"><a name = "sound_change" id = "sound_change" href +<h5 class = "topline"><a id = "sound_change" href = "#sound">CHANGE OF SOUND.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "sound_change_vowel" id = "sound_change_vowel" href = +<h6><a id = "sound_change_vowel" href = "#sound_change">(A.) VOWEL CHANGE.</a></h6> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_1" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_1" href = "#sound_change_vowel">CHANGE OF DIPHTHONGS IN ACCENTED SYLLABLES.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec95" id = "sec95" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec95" href = "#sound_change_vowel_1">95</a>.</b> Of the six original diphthongs <b>au</b>, <b>ou</b>, <b>eu</b>, and <b>ai</b>, <b>oi</b>, <b>ei</b>, the only one which preserved its @@ -2882,7 +2876,7 @@ original sound in the classical period is <b>au</b>. Of the rest only older <b>oi</b>) remained diphthongs; all the others had become monophthongs.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec96" id = "sec96" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec96" href = "#sound_change_vowel_1">96</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Change of</span> <b>ai</b>. <b>ai</b> is common in inscriptions: as, <span class = "smallroman">AIDILIS</span>, @@ -2905,9 +2899,9 @@ the court language: the coins of Vespasian have <span class = "smallroman">IVDAEA</span>. In the 3d and 4th century <span class = "smallroman">A.D.</span> <b>ē</b> became the prevalent sound.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page14" id = "page14"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page14"> 14</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec97" id = "sec97" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec97" href = "#sound_change_vowel_1">97</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Change of</span> <b>au</b>. The diphthong <b>au</b>, which was preserved in educated speech, was changed to @@ -2921,7 +2915,7 @@ these gained literary currency: as, <b>cōdex</b>, <i>book</i>, "#sec1572">1572</a>) for <b>si̭ audēs</b> = <b>sī audēs</b> (Cic. <i>O.</i> 154) is a colloquialism.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec98" id = "sec98" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec98" href = "#sound_change_vowel_1">98</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Change of</span> <b>ei</b>. <b>ei</b> as a genuine diphthong is common in old inscriptions: as, <span class = @@ -2940,7 +2934,7 @@ approached</i>; <b>dīxērunt</b>, <i>they said</i>; fīda, orthographical use of <b>ei</b> as a spelling for the long <b>ī</b>-sound, see <a href = "#sec29">29</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec99" id = "sec99" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec99" href = "#sound_change_vowel_1">99</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Change of</span> <b>oi</b>. The development of <b>oi</b> was parallel to that of <b>ai</b>. It first passed into @@ -2957,7 +2951,7 @@ classical Latin (1.) when a secondary diphthong (<a href = "#sec120">120</a>), and (2.) in a few words like <b>foedus</b>, <i>treaty</i>, perhaps as an archaizing, legal term; <b>foedus</b>, <i>ugly</i>; <b>poena</b>, <i>penalty</i>, perhaps through the influence -of Greek <span class = "greek" title = "poinê">ποινή</span> (in the +of Greek <span class = "greek" title = "poinê">ποινή</span> (in the verb <b>pūnīre</b>, <i>to punish</i>, the regular <b>ū</b> appears); <b>proelium</b>, <i>skirmish</i>; <b>foetor</b>, <i>stench</i>; and <b>moenia</b>, <i>walls</i>, perhaps because there was a word @@ -2968,7 +2962,7 @@ of the unusual development of <b>oe</b> to <b>o</b>, for which the Praenestine form <span class = "smallroman">CORAVERONT</span> is the only parallel.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec100" id = "sec100" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec100" href = "#sound_change_vowel_1">100</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Change</span> of <b>ou</b>. <b>ou</b>, found in inscriptions down to about 90 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>, @@ -2978,7 +2972,7 @@ passed, in classical Latin, into <b>ū</b>: as, <span class = later <b>pūblicum</b>, <i>public</i>, <b>nūntiāta</b>, <i>notified</i>, <b>iūdex</b>, <i>judge</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec101" id = "sec101" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec101" href = "#sound_change_vowel_1">101</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Change of</span> <b>eu</b>. Primitive (<a href = "#sec48">48</a>) <b>eu</b> appears in classical Latin only in the @@ -2994,11 +2988,11 @@ vowels <b>e</b> and <b>u</b> meeting in composition: as, <b>neu</b>, <b>utiquam</b> (<a href = "#sec124">124</a>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_2" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_2" href = "#sound_change_vowel">WEAKENING IN UNACCENTED SYLLABLES.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec102" id = "sec102" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec102" href = "#sound_change_vowel_2">102</a>.</b> The vowel of an unstressed (atonic) syllable is often weakened, changing its quantity or quality or both. This is especially the case in @@ -3008,13 +3002,13 @@ Latin still possessed the old, recessive accent (<a href = "#sec89">89</a>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_3" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_3" href = "#sound_change_vowel">WEAKENING OF SIMPLE VOWELS IN MEDIAL SYLLABLES.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec103" id = "sec103" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec103" href = "#sound_change_vowel_3">103</a>.</b> -(<i><a name = "sec103a" id = "sec103a">a.</a></i>) +(<i><a id = "sec103a">a.</a></i>) <span class = "smallcaps">Atonic medial</span> <b>e</b> before a single consonant was weakened (with the exceptions given under <i>b.</i>) to <b>i</b>: as, <b>cólligō</b>, <i>collect</i>, from <b>legō</b>; @@ -3035,9 +3029,9 @@ viz., <b>u</b> after <b>o</b> and <b>u</b>, and <b>i</b> after <b>a</b>, <b>e</b>, and <b>i</b>. But such distinction is only imperfectly maintained in classical Latin.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page15" id = "page15"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page15"> 15</a></span> -<p class = "fifth">(<i><a name = "sec103b" id = "sec103b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fifth">(<i><a id = "sec103b">b.</a></i>) But before two consonants, before <b>r</b>, before vowels, and after <b>i</b>, atonic <b>e</b> does not change: as, <b>lévāmentum</b> (<a href = "#sec224">224</a>), but <b>lévāminis</b>, <i>of consolation</i>; @@ -3046,13 +3040,13 @@ href = "#sec224">224</a>), but <b>lévāminis</b>, <i>of consolation</i>; stem <b>nove-</b>); <b>géneris</b>, <i>of the kind</i>; <b>ádeunt</b>, <i>they approach</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec104" id = "sec104" href = -"#sound_change_vowel_3">104</a>.</b> (<i><a name = "sec104c" id = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec104" href = +"#sound_change_vowel_3">104</a>.</b> (<i><a id = "sec104c">c.</a></i>) Atonic medial <b>a</b>, except in the cases mentioned below under (<i>d.</i>), (<i>e.</i>), and (<i>f.</i>), was first weakened to <b>e</b> and then underwent the same changes as atonic medial <b>e</b> (<a href = "#sec103">103</a>): as (before single -consonants), <b>cṓnficiō</b>, <i>accomplish</i>, from <b>faciō</b>; +consonants), <b>cṓnficiō</b>, <i>accomplish</i>, from <b>faciō</b>; <b>ī́nsiliō</b>, <i>jump in</i>, from <b>saliō</b> (<a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>); <b>rédditus</b>, <i>restored</i>, from <b>datus</b>; <b>trícipitem</b>, <i>three-headed</i>, from @@ -3078,26 +3072,26 @@ away</i>, from <b>rapiō</b>; (before two consonants) <b>pépercī</b>, from <b>cantus</b>; (before <b>r</b>) <b>péperī</b>, <i>I brought forth</i>, from <b>pariō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<i><a name = "sec104d" id = "sec104d">d.</a></i>) +<p class = "fifth">(<i><a id = "sec104d">d.</a></i>) But an <b>a</b> in the preceding syllable may protect the atonic <b>a</b>: as, <b>ádagiō</b>, <b>ádagium</b>, <i>proverb</i>, but -<b>prṓdigium</b>, <i>miracle</i> (<a href = "#sec144">144</a>).</p> +<b>prṓdigium</b>, <i>miracle</i> (<a href = "#sec144">144</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<i><a name = "sec104e" id = "sec104e">e.</a></i>) +<p class = "fifth">(<i><a id = "sec104e">e.</a></i>) Atonic medial <b>a</b> before the guttural nasal (<a href = "#sec62">62</a>) <b>n</b> followed by <b>g</b> changed to <b>i</b> (<a href = "#sec138">138</a>): as, <b>áttingō</b>, <i>touch</i>, from <b>tangō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec104f" id = "sec104f">f.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec104f">f.</a></i>) Atonic medial <b>a</b> before <b>l</b> followed by any consonant save <b>l</b> changed to <b>u</b> (both <b>l</b> and <b>u</b> being guttural, <a href = "#sec60">60</a>, <a href = "#sec44">44</a>): as, <b>éxsultāre</b>, <i>to leap up</i>, from <b>saltāre</b>; but <b>féfellī</b>, <i>I deceived</i>, from <b>fallō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec105" id = "sec105" href = -"#sound_change_vowel_3">105</a>.</b> (<i><a name = "sec105g" id = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec105" href = +"#sound_change_vowel_3">105</a>.</b> (<i><a id = "sec105g">g.</a></i>) <span class = "smallcaps">Atonic medial</span> <b>o</b>, when followed by a single consonant, first changed to <b>e</b> and then underwent all further changes of medial atonic <b>e</b>: as, @@ -3111,7 +3105,7 @@ and then underwent all further changes of medial atonic <b>e</b>: as, spot</i> (<a class = "error" href = "#sec169_4" title = "text reads ‘169, 6’">169, 4</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec105h" id = "sec105h">h.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec105h">h.</a></i>) Before two consonants or before guttural <b>l</b> (<a href = "#sec60">60</a>) atonic medial <b>o</b> changed to <b>u</b>: as, <b>éuntis</b>, from <b>*éontis</b> (Greek <span class = "greek" title = @@ -3119,7 +3113,7 @@ Before two consonants or before guttural <b>l</b> (<a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>). But a preceding <b>v</b> or <b>u</b> protects <b>o</b> (<a href = "#sec107c">107, <i>c</i></a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec105i" id = "sec105i">i.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec105i">i.</a></i>) Before <b>r</b>, atonic medial <b>o</b> was retained: as, <b>témporis</b>, <i>of time</i>; except when <b>u</b> in the preceding syllable induced a change to <b>u</b>: as, <b>fúlguris</b>, <i>of @@ -3127,10 +3121,10 @@ lightning</i> (for the <b class = "locked">-r</b> in the nominative singular <b>fulgur</b> instead of <b class = "locked">-s</b>, see <a href = "#sec154">154</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec106" id = "sec106">106.</a></b> +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec106">106.</a></b> (<i>k.</i>) Medial <b>-av-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ov-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-iv-</b> in posttonic syllables were weakened to -<b>u</b>: as, <b>dḗnuō</b> from <b>dḗnovō</b> (<a href = +<b>u</b>: as, <b>dḗnuō</b> from <b>dḗnovō</b> (<a href = "#sec94">94</a>); <b>ábluō</b> from <b>ablavō</b>. The form <b>puer</b>, <i>boy</i>, arose from the older <span class = "smallroman">POVER</span> in enclitic vocatives (<a href = "#sec93">93, 7</a>) and was thence @@ -3138,32 +3132,32 @@ transferred to the nominative like <b>piter</b> in <b>Iūpiter</b> (<a href = "#sec94">94</a>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_4" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_4" href = "#sound_change_vowel">WEAKENING OF SIMPLE VOWELS IN FINAL SYLLABLES.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec107" id = "sec107" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec107" href = "#sound_change_vowel_4">107</a>.</b> -(<i><a name = "sec107a" id = "sec107a">a.</a></i>) +(<i><a id = "sec107a">a.</a></i>) In final syllables unaccented original <b>e</b> before <b>s</b> and <b>t</b> was weakened to <b>i</b>: as, <b>salūtis</b>, <i>of safety</i>, from older <b>salūtes</b> (<a href = "#sec507">507</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a class = "error" name = "sec107b" id = +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a class = "error" id = "sec107b" title = ". invisible">b.</a></i>) Final <b>i</b> became <b>e</b>: as, <b>ante</b> for <b>*anti</b> (Greek -<span class = "greek" title = "anti">ἀντί</span> and +<span class = "greek" title = "anti">ἀντί</span> and <b>anti-cipāre</b>); nominative singular <b>mare</b>, from the stem <b>mari-</b> (<a href = "#sec526">526</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec107c" id = "sec107c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec107c">c.</a></i>) In final syllables <b>o</b> before consonants changed to <b>u</b> except when preceded by <b>u</b> or <b>v</b>: as, <b>fīlius</b>, <i>son</i>, for old Latin <b>fīlios</b> (<a href = "#sec452">452</a>); <b>ferunt</b>, <i>they carry</i>, for older <b>feront</b>; <b>femur</b>, <i>thigh</i>, nomin. sg. from the stem <b>femor-</b> (<a href = "#sec489">489</a>); <b>genus</b>, <i>kind</i>, for <b>*genos</b>, Greek -<span class = "greek" title = "genos">γένος</span>; but <b>vīvont</b>, +<span class = "greek" title = "genos">γένος</span>; but <b>vīvont</b>, <i>they live</i>; <b>salvom</b>, <i>safe</i>. Not long before the beginning of our era <b>o</b> here also changed to <b>u</b> and appears to have coalesced with the preceding <b>v</b> (Quint. 1, 7, 26): @@ -3172,7 +3166,7 @@ as, in inscriptions: <span class = "smallroman">INGENVS</span> (nomin. <b>ingenuos</b>; <span class = "smallroman">SERVM</span>, <i>slave</i> (acc. sg.), for <b>servom</b>; <span class = "smallroman">NOVM</span> for <b>novom</b>, <i>something new</i>; -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page16" id = "page16"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page16"> 16</a></span> so also <b>boum</b>, <i>oxen</i> (gen. pl.), for <b>bovom</b> (<a href = "#sec494">494</a>). But inasmuch as the majority of forms in the @@ -3182,7 +3176,7 @@ most cases, by analogy, to the forms which had lost it: as, etc.; <b>vīvunt</b> for <b>vīunt</b>, because of <b>vīvō</b>, <b>vīvis</b>, <b>vīvit</b>, etc.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec107d" id = "sec107d">d.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec107d">d.</a></i>) When the stems <b>fac-</b> (<b>facere</b>, <i>do</i>), <b>cap-</b> (<b>capere</b>, <i>take</i>) appear as second members of compounds, their <b>a</b> changes in final syllables to <b>e</b>: as, @@ -3194,19 +3188,19 @@ After the analogy of these words, compounds with <b>dīcere</b> and <b>īre</b>); see <a href = "#sec136">136</a>, 2.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_5" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_5" href = "#sound_change_vowel">WEAKENING OF DIPHTHONGS IN UNACCENTED SYLLABLES.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec108" id = "sec108" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec108" href = "#sound_change_vowel_5">108</a>.</b> Diphthongs, whether medial or final, are treated alike in atonic syllables.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec108a" id = "sec108a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec108a">a.</a></i>) Atonic <b>ei</b>, <b>oi</b>, and <b>ai</b> (<b>ae</b>) became <b>ī</b>: as, <b>lupī</b>, <i>wolves</i> (nom. pl.), for <b>*lupoi</b> -(Gr. <span class = "greek" title = "lukoi">λύκοι</span>); +(Gr. <span class = "greek" title = "lukoi">λύκοι</span>); <b>bellī</b>, <i>in war</i> (loc. sg., <a href = "#sec460">460</a>, <a href = "#sec1338">1338</a>), for <b>*bellei</b> (Greek <span class = "greek" title = "oikei">οἴκει</span>) or <b>*belloi</b> (Greek <span @@ -3218,12 +3212,12 @@ from <b>caedō</b>; Cicero, <i>O.</i> 159, mentions <b>inīcum</b>, from <b>hoic</b> (<a href = "#sec662">662</a>) when used as a proclitic (<a href = "#sec92">92</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec108b" id = "sec108b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec108b">b.</a></i>) Atonic <b>ou</b> and <b>au</b> became <b>ū</b>: as, <b>ínclūdō</b>, <i>I include</i>, from <b>claudō</b>; <b>áccūsāre</b>, <i>to accuse</i>, from <b>causa</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec109" id = "sec109" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec109" href = "#sound_change_vowel_5">109</a>.</b> There are not a few cases in which the atonic vowel does not conform to the rules given above (<a href = "#sec102">102-108</a>). These are @@ -3249,19 +3243,19 @@ vowel of the preceding syllable acted as a stay to the expected change, see <a href = "#sec104">104</a>, <i>d</i>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_6" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_6" href = "#sound_change_vowel">LOSS IN UNACCENTED SYLLABLES.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec110" id = "sec110" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec110" href = "#sound_change_vowel_6">110</a>.</b> Only vowels which are short and atonic may be lost. The loss of a medial vowel is called <i>Syncope</i>; of an initial vowel, <i>Aphaeresis</i>; of a final vowel <i>Apocope</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec111" id = "sec111" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec111" href = "#sound_change_vowel_6">111</a>.</b> -<span class = "smallcaps">Syncope.</span> (<i><a name = "sec111a" id = +<span class = "smallcaps">Syncope.</span> (<i><a id = "sec111a">a.</a></i>) Loss of a posttonic vowel, entailing the loss of a syllable, occurs in <b>ardus</b> (Lucil.; for <b>ă</b> see <a href = "#sec128">128</a>) for the common <b>āridus</b>, <i>dry</i>; @@ -3280,11 +3274,11 @@ weakened or lost), hence it forms its perfect <b>perrēxī</b> (<a href = has <b>iūrigō</b>; <b>*ūsūripō</b> (from <b>ūsus</b> and <b>rapere</b>) yields <b>ūsurpō</b>, <i>I utilize</i>; <b>*gāvideō</b>, hence <b>gāvīsus</b> (<a href = "#sec801">801</a>), gives <b>gaudeo</b>, <i>I -rejoice</i>, converting <b>āṷ</b> to <b>aṷ</b> before the following +rejoice</i>, converting <b>āṷ</b> to <b>aṷ</b> before the following <b>d</b> (<a href = "#sec128">128</a>); in a similar way <b>auceps</b>, <i>bird-catcher</i>, is formed from <b>*aviceps</b> (<b>avis</b>, <i>bird</i>, -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page17" id = "page17"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page17"> 17</a></span> and <b>capere</b>, <i>catch</i>); <b>claudere</b>, <i>lock</i>, from <b>*clāvidere</b> (<b>clāvis</b>, <i>key</i>); <b>aetās</b>, <i>age</i>, @@ -3301,7 +3295,7 @@ forms like <b>pōclum</b>, <i>cup</i>, <b>saeclum</b>, <i>age</i>, do not belong here, as they are original and not derived by syncope from <b>pōculum</b>, <b>saeculum</b>; cf. <a href = "#sec172">172</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec111b" id = "sec111b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec111b">b.</a></i>) Where, through the loss of a vowel, <b>l</b> or <b>r</b> would come to stand between two consonants, or where they would be final and preceded by a consonant, <b>l</b> and <b>r</b> become syllabic (<a href = @@ -3332,25 +3326,25 @@ through the stages of <b>*ācr̥s</b>, <b>*ācers</b>, became <b>ācer</b> "#sec455">455</a>), to which later the common ending of nouns of the <b>o-</b>declension was added, giving <b>famulus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec112" id = "sec112" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec112" href = "#sound_change_vowel_6">112</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Aphaeresis.</span> Aphaeresis hardly occurs in literary Latin. In the pronoun <b>iste</b> the initial <b>i</b> is sometimes dropped (<a href = "#sec667">667</a>); this loss implies an accented ultima (<a href = "#sec94">94</a>). A trace of prehistoric aphaeresis is found in the prefix <b>po-</b> for <b>*apo</b> (Greek -<span class = "greek" title = "apo">ἀπό</span>) in <b>pōnō</b>, <i>I +<span class = "greek" title = "apo">ἀπό</span>) in <b>pōnō</b>, <i>I place</i>, for <b>po-s(i)nō</b> (<a href = "#sec111a">111, <i>a</i></a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec113" id = "sec113" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec113" href = "#sound_change_vowel_6">113</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Apocope.</span> Under the same conditions under which a medial vowel was syncopated, the final vowel of a word which stood in close union with the following word, as a preposition with its noun, was lost. In this way <b>*peri</b> (Greek <span class = -"greek" title = "peri">περί</span>) became <b>per</b>; <b>*apo</b> -(Greek <span class = "greek" title = "apo">ἀπό</span>) became <b>ap</b>, +"greek" title = "peri">περί</span>) became <b>per</b>; <b>*apo</b> +(Greek <span class = "greek" title = "apo">ἀπό</span>) became <b>ap</b>, <b>ab</b> (<a href = "#sec164">164, 2</a>); <b>*eti</b> (Greek <span class = "greek" title = "eti">ἔτι</span>) became <b>et</b>. Similarly the final <b class = "locked">-e</b> of the enclitics <b class @@ -3375,11 +3369,11 @@ final vowel would also result from elision (<a href = "#sec119">119</a>) before the initial vowel of the following word.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_7" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_7" href = "#sound_change_vowel">COMBINATION OF ADJACENT VOWELS.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec114" id = "sec114" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec114" href = "#sound_change_vowel_7">114</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Hiatus.</span> A succession of two vowel sounds not making a diphthong is called <i>Hiatus</i>.</p> @@ -3392,9 +3386,9 @@ discourse, the final vowel of one word comes into contact with the initial vowel of the following word. For the latter kind, see <a href = "#sec2474">2474</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page18" id = "page18"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page18"> 18</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec115" id = "sec115" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec115" href = "#sound_change_vowel_7">115</a>.</b> The treatment of vowels in internal hiatus is four-fold: (1.) The hiatus may remain; (2.) the two vowels may be fused into one @@ -3402,17 +3396,16 @@ may remain; (2.) the two vowels may be fused into one (<i>Elision</i>); and (4.) the two vowels may be combined into a diphthong.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec116" id = "sec116" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec116" href = "#sound_change_vowel_7">116</a>.</b> -<span class = "smallcaps">Hiatus</span> is maintained (<i><a name = -"sec116a" id = "sec116a">a.</a></i>) between two adjacent vowels the +<span class = "smallcaps">Hiatus</span> is maintained (<i><a id = "sec116a">a.</a></i>) between two adjacent vowels the second of which is long and accented (according to the classical -accentuation): as, <b>coḗgi</b>, <i>I forced</i>, and <b>coā́ctus</b>, +accentuation): as, <b>coḗgi</b>, <i>I forced</i>, and <b>coā́ctus</b>, <i>forced</i> (<a href = "#sec937">937</a>); but <b>cōgō</b> (<a href = -"#sec118">118, 3</a>). For <b>coepi</b>, instead of <b>coḗpī</b>, +"#sec118">118, 3</a>). For <b>coepi</b>, instead of <b>coḗpī</b>, <i>I began</i>, see <a href = "#sec120">120</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec116b" id = "sec116b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec116b">b.</a></i>) In many prepositional compounds when the members were still felt to be independent: as, <b>praeesse</b> (the contracted form <b>praesse</b> is found in inscriptions); <b>dēerunt</b>, <i>they will be wanting</i>, by @@ -3422,7 +3415,7 @@ contracted form <b>cōlēscō</b> appears in Varro); <b>cooptāre</b>, rare <b>cōptāre</b>, <b>cōperīre</b>); <b>coïtus</b>, <i>meeting</i>, by the side of <b>coetus</b> (<a href = "#sec120">120</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec116c" id = "sec116c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec116c">c.</a></i>) A comparatively large number of vowel combinations remain unchanged: as <b>ea</b> and <b>eā</b> in <b>eam</b>, <i>her</i>, and <b>meā</b>, <i>by my</i> (fem. sing.); <b>ia</b> and <b>iā</b> in <b>māria</b>, @@ -3433,7 +3426,7 @@ her</i> (fem. sg.); <b>iē</b> in <b>quiēs</b>, <i>quiet</i>; <i>of me</i>; <b>uī</b> in <b>tuī</b>, <i>of thee</i>; <b>eō</b> in <b>meō</b>, <i>by my</i> (masc. sing.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec117" id = "sec117" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec117" href = "#sound_change_vowel_7">117</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Synizesis.</span> In these combinations the first vowel is sometimes made unsyllabic (<a href = "#sec83">83</a>). @@ -3441,12 +3434,12 @@ This is called <i>synizesis</i> (<a href = "#sec2499">2499</a>) and is not rare in poets, being often the only means of adapting a word to the requirements of certain metres. Thus, <b>fortuītus</b> (- ⏑ - ⏓) must appear in a hexameter as <b>fortvītus</b> -(<b>fortṷītus</b>). See <a href = "#sec2499">2499</a>, <a href = +(<b>fortṷītus</b>). See <a href = "#sec2499">2499</a>, <a href = "#sec2503">2503</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec118" id = "sec118" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec118" href = "#sound_change_vowel_7">118</a>.</b> -<span class = "smallcaps">Contraction.</span> (<a name = "sec118_1" id = +<span class = "smallcaps">Contraction.</span> (<a id = "sec118_1">1.</a>) Two like vowels may unite in one long vowel; rapidity of utterance was favourable to such fusion. In compounds, the desire to keep the members distinct often prevented it. So always <b>nēmō</b>, @@ -3463,7 +3456,7 @@ of <b>v</b>, see <a href = "#sec153">153</a>), see <a href = "#sec890">890</a>; <b>passūm</b>, <i>of paces</i>, for <b>passuum</b> (<a href = "#sec591">591</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec118_2" id = "sec118_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec118_2">2.</a>) A diphthong absorbs the following vowel: as, <b>praetor</b>, older <b>praitor</b>, <i>praetor</i>, from <b>*prai-itor</b>, <i>who goes before</i>; inscriptions show <b>praerunt</b> for <b>praeerunt</b>, @@ -3471,7 +3464,7 @@ before</i>; inscriptions show <b>praerunt</b> for <b>praeerunt</b>, open form <b>praehibēre</b> occurs in Plautus (<a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec118_3" id = "sec118_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec118_3">3.</a>) If two unlike vowels are contracted at all, they usually unite in the long sound of the first vowel. Thus, <b>o</b> and <b>a</b> yield <b>ō</b>: as, <b>cōgō</b>, <i>I force</i>, from <b>co-agō</b>; @@ -3487,13 +3480,13 @@ class = "locked">-ī</b>; as <b>fīlī</b> from <b>*fīlie</b>, <a href = "#sec459">459</a>. But in denominative (<a href = "#sec365">365</a>) and other verbs of the first conjugation <b>ā</b> and <b>ō</b> contract into <b>ō</b>: as, <b>amō</b>, <i>I love</i>, from <b>*amā-ō</b> -(cf. Greek <span class = "greek" title = "tima·ô">τιμά·ω</span>); +(cf. Greek <span class = "greek" title = "tima·ô">τιμά·ω</span>); and <b>ā</b> and <b>ē</b> into <b>ē</b>: as, <b>amēs</b>, <i>thou mayest love</i>, for <b>*amā-ēs</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page19" id = "page19"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page19"> 19</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec119" id = "sec119" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec119" href = "#sound_change_vowel_7">119.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Elision.</span> Only rarely the first of two successive vowels is dropped: as, <b>nūllus</b>, <i>no</i>, for @@ -3504,7 +3497,7 @@ holes</i>); <b>flexanimus</b>, <i>heart-rending</i>, for <b>*flexi-animus</b> (cf. <b>flexi-pēs</b>, <i>with bent feet</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec120" id = "sec120" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec120" href = "#sound_change_vowel_7">120.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Combination into diphthongs.</span> The union of two successive vowels into a diphthong is equally rare: <b>o</b> and @@ -3514,7 +3507,7 @@ of two successive vowels into a diphthong is equally rare: <b>o</b> and "#sec812">812</a>), <i>I began</i>, owes its diphthong <b>oe</b> to forms in which the <b>e</b> was short and unaccented, such as the rare present forms <b>coepiō</b> for <b>có-ĕpiō</b> (<a href = -"#sec813">813</a>); for <b>coḗpi</b> (<a href = "#sec813">813</a>, +"#sec813">813</a>); for <b>coḗpi</b> (<a href = "#sec813">813</a>, <a href = "#sec863">863</a>) would have remained unchanged (<a href = "#sec116a">116, <i>a</i></a>). <b>neuter</b>, with the accent on the <b>e</b>, was pronounced as three syllables, later <b>eu</b> became @@ -3525,10 +3518,10 @@ contract to <b>e͡i</b> in <b>rēi</b> (<a href = "#sec601">601</a>, classic poets.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_8" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_8" href = "#sound_change_vowel">LENGTHENING.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec121" id = "sec121" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec121" href = "#sound_change_vowel_8">121</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Compensative lengthening.</span> When certain groups of consonants are simplified by the dropping of a consonant, its @@ -3543,13 +3536,13 @@ lengthening, <a href = "#sec170_5">170, 5</a>, <b>quīnī</b>, for <b>*quincnī</b>; <a href = "#sec170_6">170, 6</a>, <b>īgnōscō</b>, for <b>*in-gnōscō</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec122" id = "sec122" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec122" href = "#sound_change_vowel_8">122</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Induced lengthening.</span> Before certain groups of consonants short vowels have a tendency to become long: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec122a" id = "sec122a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec122a">a.</a></i>) The prefixes <b>in-</b> and <b>con-</b> before <b>s</b> or <b>f</b> lengthened their vowels in classical Latin (Cic. <i>O.</i> 159): as, <b>īnsānus</b>, <i>mad</i>; <b>īnfēlīx</b>, <i>unhappy</i>; @@ -3562,7 +3555,7 @@ accomplished</i>. Elsewhere also the vowel before <b>ns</b> and <b>Clēmēns</b>; the <b>o</b> of <b>īnsons</b>, <i>guiltless</i>, however, is marked as short by the grammarian Probus.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec122b" id = "sec122b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec122b">b.</a></i>) A similar lengthening of the vowel before <b>nc</b> followed by <b>t</b> or <b>s</b> appears: as, <b>ūnctus</b>, <i>anointed</i>, from <b>unguō</b> (Gell. 9, 6); <b>iūnctus</b>, <i>joined</i>, from @@ -3572,7 +3565,7 @@ or <b>s</b> appears: as, <b>ūnctus</b>, <i>anointed</i>, from "#sec170">170, 4</a>) and <b>quīnque</b>, <i>five</i>, derive their <b>ī</b>; <b>sānctus</b>, <i>hallowed</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec122c" id = "sec122c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec122c">c.</a></i>) Spellings like <span class = "smallcaps">sIgnvm</span>, <i>sign</i> (well supported in inscriptions), and <span class = "smallcaps">dIgne</span>, <i>worthily</i> (less well supported) show @@ -3581,12 +3574,12 @@ Priscian demands this lengthening for all vowels preceding the ending <b class = "locked">-gnus</b>, <b class = "locked">-gna</b>, <b class = "locked">-gnum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec122d" id = "sec122d">d.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec122d">d.</a></i>) A lengthened vowel before <b>r</b> followed by a consonant is also certain for some words like <b>ōrdō</b>, <i>order</i>; <b>fōrma</b>, <i>shape</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec122e" id = "sec122e">e.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec122e">e.</a></i>) Some speakers appear to have lengthened the vowel of prepositions like <b>con-</b>, <b>sub-</b>, <b>ob-</b>, in the compounds of <b>iaciō</b> (<a href = "#sec104c">104, <i>c</i></a>); as <b>ōbicit</b>. This @@ -3599,9 +3592,9 @@ form. In the same way the occasional spelling <span class = its long <b>ō</b> to the analogy of <b>cōiunx</b>, <span class = "smallroman">CÓIVGI</span> (<a href = "#sec170">170, 6</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page20" id = "page20"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page20"> 20</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec122f" id = "sec122f">f.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec122f">f.</a></i>) Many verb stems ending in <b>-g</b> have a long vowel in the past participle before the suffix <b class = "locked">-to-</b>: as, <b>tēctus</b>, <i>covered</i>, from <b>tego</b> (<a href = @@ -3614,14 +3607,14 @@ href = "#sec925">925</a>); <b>pāctus</b>, <i>fixed</i>, from "smallroman">A</span> with the apex (<a href = "#sec29">29, 3</a>) in a faulty inscription.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec122g" id = "sec122g">g.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec122g">g.</a></i>) Of the induced lengthenings enumerated above, only those given in (<i>a.</i>) (<i>b.</i>) (<i>f.</i>) seem to have been universal in classical Latin. The rest appear to have been local peculiarities, which, while making inroads upon the literary language, never gained full recognition.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec123" id = "sec123" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec123" href = "#sound_change_vowel_8">123</a>.</b> (1.) <span class = "smallcaps">Analogical lengthening.</span> In noun stems in <b class = "locked">-o</b> the stem vowel is lengthened in the @@ -3632,16 +3625,16 @@ in <b class = "locked">-ā</b> (<a href = "#sec435">435</a>): as, tables</i>. For other cases see <a href = "#sec122">122</a>, <i>e</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec123_2" id = "sec123_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec123_2">2.</a>) <span class = "smallcaps">Metrical lengthening.</span> On the lengthening of a vowel (or a syllable) under the influence of verse-ictus, see <a href = "#sec2505">2505</a>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_9" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_9" href = "#sound_change_vowel">SHORTENING.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec124" id = "sec124" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec124" href = "#sound_change_vowel_9">124</a>.</b> A vowel originally long is regularly shortened in classical Latin before another vowel, even though an <b>h</b> intervene: as,</p> @@ -3651,7 +3644,7 @@ another vowel, even though an <b>h</b> intervene: as,</p> <i>apart</i>, <b>deorsum</b>, <i>downward</i>, from <b>sē(v)orsum</b>, <b>dē(v)orsum</b> (<a href = "#sec153">153</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec125" id = "sec125" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec125" href = "#sound_change_vowel_9">125</a>.</b> In simple words a diphthong occurs before a vowel only in one or two proper names: as, <b>Gnaeus</b>, <b>Annaeus</b>, in which it remains @@ -3661,7 +3654,7 @@ long, and in Greek words. But the diphthong <b>ae</b> of the prefix <b>prehendō</b> for <b>*prae-hendō</b>. Sometimes it coalesces with a following vowel: as, <b>pra͡e͡optāvīstī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec126" id = "sec126" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec126" href = "#sound_change_vowel_9">126</a>.</b> An increased tendency to shorten a long vowel before another vowel can be traced in the history of the language: thus, classical <b>fuī</b>, @@ -3672,30 +3665,30 @@ be traced in the history of the language: thus, classical <b>fuī</b>, "#sec947">947</a>); <b>pius</b>, <i>pious</i>, for Ennius’s <b>pīus</b>; see also <a href = "#sec765">765</a>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec127" id = "sec127" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec127" href = "#sound_change_vowel_9">127</a>.</b> But even in classical Latin there are cases where a vowel before another vowel remains long: thus,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec127_1" id = "sec127_1">1.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec127_1">1.</a>) Regularly, the <b>ī</b> of <b>fīō</b>, <i>I am made</i>, except before <b class = "locked">-er-</b>, as in <b>fierem</b> (<a href = "#sec788">788</a>, <a href = "#sec789">789</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec127_2" id = "sec127_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec127_2">2.</a>) In <b>dīus</b>, <i>godly</i>, for <b>dīvus</b> (<a href = "#sec153">153</a>), and the old ablatives <b>dīū</b>, <b>dīō</b>, <i>open sky</i> (used only in the expression <b>sub dīū</b>, <b>sub dīō</b>, i.e. <b>sub dīvō</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec127_3" id = "sec127_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec127_3">3.</a>) In the ending <b>ēī</b> of the genitive and dative sg. of stems in <b class = "locked">-ē-</b> (<a href = "#sec601">601</a>) when an <b>i</b> precedes: as, <b>diēī</b>, <i>of a day</i>, <b>aciēī</b>, <i>of the battle line</i>, but <b>reī</b>, <i>of the thing</i>, for older <b>rēī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec127_4" id = "sec127_4">4.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec127_4">4.</a>) It may be mentioned here that <b>rēī</b> is said to occur in verse 6 times (Plaut. G. 2, Lucr. G. 2, D. 2); <b>reī</b> 9 times (Plaut. G. 2, Ter. G. 4, D. 1, Juv. G. 1, Sulp. @@ -3709,13 +3702,13 @@ Ter. 8, Lucr. 9); <b>eī</b> some 17 times (Plaut. 12, Ter. 2, German. 1, Ter. Maur. 2); <b>ēi</b> 23 times (Plaut. 11, Ter. 8, Lucil. 3, Cat. 1).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page21" id = "page21"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page21"> 21</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec127_5" id = "sec127_5">5.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec127_5">5.</a>) <b>Gāius</b> retains its <b>ā</b> before the vowel <b>i</b>: thus, <b>Gāius</b> (trisyllabic).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec127_6" id = "sec127_6">6.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec127_6">6.</a>) In the pronominal genitives in <b>-ī̆us</b> (<a href = "#sec618">618</a>), the quantity of <b>i</b> varied. The older dramatists use <b>ī</b>; later, <b>ī</b> was shortened, but variations @@ -3727,7 +3720,7 @@ have <b>i</b>, and <b>utrius</b>, in which the <b>i</b> is common (<a href = "#sec30">30</a>). In verse the <b>i</b> is often short, except in <b>neutrīus</b>; <b>utriusque</b> has always short <b>i</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec127_7" id = "sec127_7">7.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec127_7">7.</a>) The penult is long in the endings <b>-āī</b>, <b>-āīs</b>, <b>-ōī</b>, <b class = "locked">-ōīs</b>, and <b class = "locked">-ēī</b>, <b class = "locked">-ēīs</b>, from stems in <b class = "locked">-āio-</b>, <b @@ -3737,11 +3730,11 @@ class = "locked">-ōio-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-ēio-</b> (<a href = <b>plēbēī</b>: <b>Gāīs</b>, <b>Bōīs</b>, <b>Pompēīs</b>, <b>plēbēīs</b>, <b>Bāīs</b>; <b>aulāī</b>, <b>pictāī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec127_8" id = "sec127_8">8.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec127_8">8.</a>) <b>Dī̆ana</b> has <b>ĭ</b> as often as <b>ī</b>. <b>ohē</b> has <b>ŏ̄</b>; <b>ē̆heu</b> has <b>ĕ</b> in comedy, otherwise <b>ē</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec127_9" id = "sec127_9">9.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec127_9">9.</a>) In many Greek words a long vowel comes before another vowel; as, <b>āēr</b>, <b>Aenēās</b>, <b>Mēdēa</b>. But early importations from Greek followed the general rule and shortened the vowel: as, @@ -3749,12 +3742,12 @@ Greek followed the general rule and shortened the vowel: as, <b>balinĕum</b>, <b>balnĕum</b> (<span class = "greek" title = "balaneion">βαλανεῖον</span>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec128" id = "sec128" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec128" href = "#sound_change_vowel_9">128</a>.</b> -A long vowel preceding unsyllabic <b>i̭</b> or <b>ṷ</b> followed by a +A long vowel preceding unsyllabic <b>i̭</b> or <b>ṷ</b> followed by a consonant is shortened: as, <b>gaudeō</b> for <b>*gāudeō</b> (cf. <b>gāvīsus</b>, <a href = "#sec111">111</a>); <b>claudo</b> -for <b>clāudō</b> (cf. <b>clāṷis</b>, <a href = +for <b>clāudō</b> (cf. <b>clāṷis</b>, <a href = "#sec111">111</a>).</p> <p class = "fourth">Similarly a long vowel (unless long by contraction: @@ -3765,17 +3758,17 @@ shortened: as, syncopated <b>ardus</b> from <b>āridus</b> (<a href = cases of induced lengthening of the vowel before <b>n</b> followed by certain consonants, see <a href = "#sec122">122</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec129" id = "sec129" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec129" href = "#sound_change_vowel_9">129</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Iambic shortening.</span> The law of iambic shortening (<a href = "#sec2470">2470</a>) produced a number of important changes: thus,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec129_1" id = "sec129_1">1.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec129_1">1.</a>) In old dramatic verse iambic words (⏑ –) often shorten the long vowel. The poets after Plautus and Terence preserve the long vowel.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec129_1a" id = +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec129_1a">a.</a></i>) Nouns; G. <b>eri</b>, <b>boni</b>, <b>preti</b>. D. <b>cani</b>, <b>ero</b>, <b>malo</b>. L. <b>domi</b>, <b>heri</b>. Ab. <b>levi</b>, @@ -3791,7 +3784,7 @@ dropped before <b class = "locked">-n</b> (<a href = "#sec170">170, 2</a>): <b>rogan</b>, <b>abin</b>; <b>viden</b> is also retained by later poets.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec129_2" id = "sec129_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec129_2">2.</a>) In a few pyrrhic words (⏑ ⏑) in <b>-i</b>, which were originally iambic (⏑ –), the poets in all periods retained final <b class = "locked">-ī</b> at pleasure: these are,</p> @@ -3803,12 +3796,12 @@ usually in <b>ubinam</b>, <b>ubivīs</b>, and <b>ubicumque</b>; <b>ibidem</b> is used by the dramatists, <b>ibīdem</b> in hexameter. <b>ubīque</b> has always <b>ī</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec130" id = "sec130" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec130" href = "#sound_change_vowel_9">130</a>.</b> The following instances show that this law operated in prose speech also:</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec130_1" id = "sec130_1">1.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec130_1">1.</a>) In iambic words of the <b>ā-</b> declension (<a href = "#sec432">432</a>) the final <b class = "locked">-ā</b> of the nominative singular was shortened; hence <b>*equā</b> became @@ -3817,14 +3810,14 @@ nominative singular was shortened; hence <b>*equā</b> became shorten the final <b>ā</b> of the nom. sg. (<a href = "#sec434">434</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec130_2" id = "sec130_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec130_2">2.</a>) The final <b>-a</b> in the nominative plural of neuter nouns of the <b>o-</b> declension (<a href = "#sec446">446</a>), which appears in <b>trīgintā</b>, <i>thirty</i>, was likewise shortened, first in iambic words like <b>iuga</b>, <i>yokes</i>, <b>bona</b>, <i>goods</i>, then everywhere (<a href = "#sec461">461</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec130_3" id = "sec130_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec130_3">3.</a>) This law explains the short final vowel in <b>homo</b> (<a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>) by the side of <b>sermō</b> (<a href = "#sec2437c">2437, <i>c</i></a>) and similar cases, like the adverbs @@ -3835,9 +3828,9 @@ short final <b>o</b> of the first person in conjugation (<a href = side of <b>scrībō</b>; so also <b>viden</b> for <b>vidēn</b> (<a href = "#sec129_1">129, 1</a>; <a href = "#sec170_2">170, 2</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page22" id = "page22"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page22"> 22</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec130_4" id = "sec130_4">4.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec130_4">4.</a>) Of imperatives only <b>puta</b>, used adverbially (<a href = "#sec2438c">2438, <i>c</i></a>), <b>ave</b>, <b>have</b> (<a href = "#sec805">805</a>; Quint. i, 6, 21; but Martial scans <b>havē</b>) as a @@ -3846,16 +3839,16 @@ salutation and <b>cave</b>, used as an auxiliary (<a href = Elsewhere the long vowel has been restored, as <b>amā</b>, <b>monē</b> (<a href = "#sec845">845</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec130_5" id = "sec130_5">5.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec130_5">5.</a>) According to this rule <b>calēfaciō</b>, <b>malēdīcō</b> changed to <b>calefaciō</b>, <b>maledīcō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec131" id = "sec131" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec131" href = "#sound_change_vowel_9">131</a>.</b> A long final vowel is shortened when an enclitic is added to the word: as <b>siquidem</b> from <b>sī</b>; <b>quoque</b> from <b>quō</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec132" id = "sec132" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec132" href = "#sound_change_vowel_9">132</a>.</b> A long vowel is regularly shortened, in the classical period, before final <b class = "locked">-t</b> and <b class = "locked">-m</b> and, in @@ -3882,11 +3875,11 @@ stems is for <b class = "locked">-ūm</b> (<a href = "#sec462">462</a>); from <b>spē-</b> (<b>spēs</b>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_10" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_10" href = "#sound_change_vowel">TRANSFER OF QUANTITY.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec133" id = "sec133" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec133" href = "#sound_change_vowel_10">133</a>.</b> (1.) In a few cases the length of the vowel has been transferred to the following consonant, the length of which is then indicated by doubling @@ -3894,12 +3887,12 @@ it (<a href = "#sec81">81</a>): as, <b>littera</b> for <b>lītera</b>, <span class = "smallroman">LEITERAS</span>; <b>Iuppiter</b> for <b>Iūpiter</b>; <b>parricīda</b> for <b>pāri-cīda</b>, <i>murder of a member of the same clan</i> (<b>*pāro-</b>, <i>member of a clan</i>, -Doric <span class = "greek" title = "paos">πᾶός</span>, +Doric <span class = "greek" title = "paos">πᾶός</span>, <i>a relative</i>); <b>cuppa</b> for <b>cūpa</b>, <i>barrel</i>. The legal formula <i>sī pāret</i>, <i>if it appear</i>, was vulgarly pronounced <b>sī parret</b> (Festus).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec133_2" id = "sec133_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec133_2">2.</a>) Since the doubled unsyllabic <b>i</b> (<b>i̭</b>) between vowels (<a href = "#sec23">23</a>; <a href = "#sec166_9">166, 9</a>; <a href = "#sec153_2">153, 2</a>) is commonly written single, the @@ -3915,11 +3908,11 @@ In all these words the first <i>syllable</i> was long but not the vowel.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_11" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_11" href = "#sound_change_vowel">VARIATIONS OF QUANTITY.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec134" id = "sec134" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec134" href = "#sound_change_vowel_11">134</a>.</b> (1.) In some foreign proper names and in a very few Latin words the quantity of a vowel varied. Vergil has <b>Sȳchaeus</b> and @@ -3929,7 +3922,7 @@ quantity of a vowel varied. Vergil has <b>Sȳchaeus</b> and title = ". missing">Hor.</ins>); <b>cōturnīx</b> (Plaut., Lucr.), <b>coturnīx</b> (Ov.).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec134_2" id = "sec134_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec134_2">2.</a>) Sometimes such variations in vowel quantity are only apparent: thus, the occasional long final <b class = "locked">-ē</b> of the active infinitive (<b>darē</b>, <b>prōmerē</b>) has probably a different origin @@ -3937,11 +3930,11 @@ from the usual <b class = "locked">-ĕ</b>. For metrical lengthening, see <a href = "#sec2505">2505</a>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_12" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_12" href = "#sound_change_vowel">QUANTITATIVE VOWEL GRADATION.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec135" id = "sec135" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec135" href = "#sound_change_vowel_12">135</a>.</b> The same stem often shows a long vowel in some of its forms and a short vowel in others. In most cases these variations of quantity were not @@ -3949,12 +3942,12 @@ developed on Latin soil but inherited from a much earlier period. Such old inherited differences in vowel quantity are called <i>quantitative vowel gradation</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page23" id = "page23"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page23"> 23</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec135_1" id = "sec135_1">1.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec135_1">1.</a>) Instances of this are <b>prō</b> for <b>*prōd</b> (<a href = "#sec149">149</a>; cf. <b>prōdesse</b>) and <b>pro-</b> (Greek <span -class = "greek" title = "pro">πρό</span>); <b>nē</b> and <b>ne-</b> in +class = "greek" title = "pro">πρό</span>); <b>nē</b> and <b>ne-</b> in <b>nescius</b>; the couples <b>regō</b>, <i>I rule</i>, and <b>rēxī</b>; <b>vehō</b>, <i>I draw</i>, <b>vēxī</b>; <b>veniō</b>, <i>I come</i>, <b>vēnī</b>, where the long vowel is characteristic of the perfect stem @@ -3967,7 +3960,7 @@ class = "greek" title = "pro">πρό</span>); <b>nē</b> and <b>ne-</b> in where verb and noun are differentiated by the quantity of the root vowel; and many others.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec135_2" id = "sec135_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec135_2">2.</a>) Sometimes the reduction of the vowel in certain forms amounts to complete loss, as in the adverbial ending <b class = "locked">-is-</b> in <b>magis</b> (<a href = "#sec346">346</a>, <a href = @@ -3986,13 +3979,13 @@ to the suffix <b class = "locked">-tor-</b>; but the nom. sing. probably due to syncope.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_13" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_13" href = "#sound_change_vowel">QUALITATIVE VOWEL CHANGES.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec136" id = "sec136" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec136" href = "#sound_change_vowel_13">136</a>.</b> -(<a name = "sec136_1" id = "sec136_1">1.</a>) <b>i</b> before an +(<a id = "sec136_1">1.</a>) <b>i</b> before an <b>r</b> which goes back to an earlier voiced <b>s</b> (<a href = "#sec154">154</a>) was changed to <b>e</b>: as, <b>cineris</b>, <i>of ashes</i>, for <b>*cinisis</b>, from the stem <b>cinis</b> (<a href = @@ -4000,7 +3993,7 @@ ashes</i>, for <b>*cinisis</b>, from the stem <b>cinis</b> (<a href = <b>Falis-cus</b>; (formed like <b>Etrūria</b>, for <b>*Etrūsia</b>, cf. <b>Etrūs-cī</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a class = "error" name = "sec136_2" id = +<p class = "fourth">(<a class = "error" id = "sec136_2" title = ". missing">2.</a>) In the nominative singular of compounds like <b>iūdex</b>, <i>judge</i> (from <b>iūs</b> and <b>dīcere</b>), <b>comes</b>, <i>companion</i> (from <b>com</b>, @@ -4009,12 +4002,12 @@ member of the compounds is changed to <b>e</b> (<a href = "#sec470">470</a>) after the analogy of words like <b>artifex</b>, <i>artisan</i>, etc. (<a href = "#sec107d">107, <i>d</i></a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec137" id = "sec137" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec137" href = "#sound_change_vowel_13">137</a>.</b> <b>e</b> before <b>-gn-</b> became <b>i</b>: as, <b>īlignus</b>, from the stem <b>īlec-</b> (cf. <b>īlex</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec138" id = "sec138" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec138" href = "#sound_change_vowel_13">138</a>.</b> <b>e</b> before the guttural nasal (<a href = "#sec62">62</a>) followed by a guttural mute was changed to <b>i</b>: as, <b>septingentī</b>, from @@ -4025,7 +4018,7 @@ by a guttural mute was changed to <b>i</b>: as, <b>septingentī</b>, from "#sec104c">104, <i>c</i></a>) from <b>*ob-tangō</b> (<a href = "#sec104e">104, <i>e</i></a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec139" id = "sec139" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec139" href = "#sound_change_vowel_13">139</a>.</b> A similar change took place in the group <b>-enl-</b> which became first <b class = "locked">-inl-</b> and then <b class = "locked">-ill-</b>: @@ -4035,7 +4028,7 @@ as, <b>*signilum</b>, diminutive of <b>sīgnum</b> (for <b>ī</b>, see <b>*sigenlum</b> (<a href = "#sec172">172, 3</a>), then to <b>*siginlum</b>, and finally to <b>sigillum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec140" id = "sec140" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec140" href = "#sound_change_vowel_13">140</a>.</b> <b>o</b> before <b>nc</b> became <b>u</b>: as, <b>homunculus</b>, <i>manikin</i> for <b>*homonculus</b>, from the stem <b>homon-</b> (<a @@ -4045,7 +4038,7 @@ href = "#sec485">485</a>); <b>nūncupāre</b>, <i>name</i>, for <i>him</i>, for <b>*honc</b>, from <b>hom-ce</b> (<a href = "#sec662">662</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec141" id = "sec141" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec141" href = "#sound_change_vowel_13">141</a>.</b> <b>o</b> before <b>l</b> followed by any consonant save <b>l</b> was changed to <b>u</b>: as, <b>cultus</b>, <i>tilled</i>, for @@ -4053,12 +4046,12 @@ changed to <b>u</b>: as, <b>cultus</b>, <i>tilled</i>, for Latin <b>molta</b>. But <b>o</b> before <b>ll</b> is retained: as, <b>collis</b>, <i>hill</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec142" id = "sec142" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec142" href = "#sound_change_vowel_13">142</a>.</b> <b>e</b> before guttural <b>l</b> (<a href = "#sec60">60</a>) was changed to <b>o</b>: as, <b>solvō</b>, <i>I undo</i>, from <b>*seluō</b> (<b>se-</b>, as in <b>se-cordia</b>, <b>luō</b> = Greek <span class = -"greek" title = "luô">λύω</span>); <b>culmen</b>, <i>top</i>, for +"greek" title = "luô">λύω</span>); <b>culmen</b>, <i>top</i>, for <b>*celmen</b>, from <b>*cellō</b> in <b>ex-cellō</b>; <b>volō</b>, <i>I wish</i>, for <b>*velō</b>; but <b>e</b> is preserved before dental <b>l</b> (<a href = "#sec60">60</a>): as in <b>velle</b>, <b>velim</b> @@ -4066,7 +4059,7 @@ wish</i>, for <b>*velō</b>; but <b>e</b> is preserved before dental save <b>l</b> this <b>o</b> changes to <b>u</b> (<a href = "#sec141">141</a>): as, <b>vult</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec143" id = "sec143" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec143" href = "#sound_change_vowel_13">143</a>.</b> In a number of words, notably in <b>voster</b>, <i>your</i>, <b>vorsus</b>, <i>turned</i>, <b>vortex</b>, <i>eddy</i>, and @@ -4076,13 +4069,13 @@ with <b>e</b>: as, <b>vester</b>, <b>versus</b>, <b>vertex</b>, <b>vetāre</b> (Quint. 1, 7, 25).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page24" id = "page24"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page24"> 24</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_14" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_14" href = "#sound_change_vowel">ASSIMILATION.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec144" id = "sec144" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec144" href = "#sound_change_vowel_14">144</a>.</b> In a few cases a vowel is influenced by the vowel of a neighbouring syllable: as,</p> @@ -4098,11 +4091,11 @@ syllable: as,</p> "#sec105i">105, <i>i</i></a>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_vowel_15" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_vowel_15" href = "#sound_change_vowel">QUALITATIVE VOWEL GRADATION.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec145" id = "sec145" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec145" href = "#sound_change_vowel_15">145</a>.</b> The same stem often shows different vowels in different forms. In most of these cases this difference was inherited from a very early period @@ -4137,10 +4130,10 @@ to the <b class = "locked">-o-</b> declension), by the side of "#sec187">187</a>.</p> -<h6><a name = "sound_change_cons" id = "sound_change_cons" href = +<h6><a id = "sound_change_cons" href = "#sound_change">(B.) CONSONANT CHANGE.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec146" id = "sec146" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec146" href = "#sound_change_cons">146</a>.</b> In a number of words which belong more or less clearly to the stem of the pronoun <b>quo-</b> (<a href = "#sec681">681</a>), <b>cu-</b> (<a @@ -4155,14 +4148,14 @@ compounds with <b>sī</b> and <b>nē̆</b>: as, <b>sī-cubī</b> (cf. <b>sī-quidem</b>, <b>sī-quandō</b>), <b>sī-cunde</b>, <b>nē-cubi</b>, <b>ne-cunde</b>, <b>ne-cuter</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec147" id = "sec147" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec147" href = "#sound_change_cons">147</a>.</b> <b>d</b> varies in a few words with <b>l</b>: as old Latin <b>dacruma</b>, <i>tear</i>, for later <b>lacrima</b>; <b>dingua</b>, <i>tongue</i>, for later <b>lingua</b>; <b>odor</b>, <i>smell</i>, by the side of <b>oleō</b>, <i>I smell</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec148" id = "sec148" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec148" href = "#sound_change_cons">148</a>.</b> Very rarely, before labials, final <b>d</b> of the preposition <b>ad</b> varies with <b>r</b>: as, old Latin <b>arfuērunt</b>, <i>they were @@ -4172,7 +4165,7 @@ of this in classical Latin are <b>arbiter</b>, <i>umpire</i>, and <b>arcēssō</b> (<a href = "#sec970">970</a>), <i>I summon</i>, which shows <b>r</b> before a guttural.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec149" id = "sec149" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec149" href = "#sound_change_cons">149</a>.</b> (1.) Final d after a long vowel disappeared in classical Latin: thus, in the ablative singular of <b class = "locked">-ā-</b> and <b class = @@ -4186,9 +4179,9 @@ which is still seen in <b>prōdesse</b>, <i>be of advantage</i>, preserved its <b>d</b> before vowels, but lost it before consonants (<a href = "#sec1450">1450</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page25" id = "page25"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page25"> 25</a></span> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec149_2" id = "sec149_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec149_2">2.</a>) Late inscriptions confuse final <b>-d</b> and <b>-t</b>: as <span class = "smallroman">FECID</span> (<a href = "#sec729">729</a>), <span class = "smallroman">ALIVT</span> for <b>aliud</b>. But in very old Latin <b @@ -4197,7 +4190,7 @@ remnant of a secondary ending (cf. the Greek distinction of primary <span class = "greek" title = "-tai">-ται</span> and secondary <span class = "greek" title = "-to">-το</span>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec150" id = "sec150" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec150" href = "#sound_change_cons">150</a>.</b> In a number of words <b>f</b> varies dialectically with <b>h</b>. In some of these <b>f</b> appears to have been original, in others @@ -4206,7 +4199,7 @@ some of these <b>f</b> appears to have been original, in others <b>faba</b>. The word <b>fīlum</b>, <i>thread</i>, appears as <b>*hīlum</b> in <b>nihil</b>, <i>nothing</i>, for <b>*ne-hīlum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec151" id = "sec151" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec151" href = "#sound_change_cons">151</a>.</b> <b>h</b> being a weak sound (<a href = "#sec58">58</a>) was often lost between two like vowels, especially in rapid utterance: as, <b>nīl</b>, @@ -4215,7 +4208,7 @@ between two like vowels, especially in rapid utterance: as, <b>nīl</b>, <b>vehemēns</b>; and always <b>nēmō</b>, <i>nobody</i>, for <b>*ne-hemō</b>, <i>no man</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec152" id = "sec152" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec152" href = "#sound_change_cons">152</a>.</b> In some words <b>h</b> between two vowels is not original, but goes back to a guttural aspirate <i>gh</i>. Before consonants this guttural @@ -4224,7 +4217,7 @@ appears: as, <b>vehō</b>, <i>I draw</i>, <b>vectus</b> (<a href = drag</i>, <b>tractus</b> (<a href = "#sec953">953</a>) from a stem <b>tragh-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec153" id = "sec153" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec153" href = "#sound_change_cons">153</a>.</b> (1.) <b>v</b> not infrequently disappeared between two like vowels: as, <b>dītior</b>, <i>richer</i>, for <b>dīvitior</b>; <b>sīs</b> (Cic. @@ -4238,7 +4231,7 @@ were common in Cicero’s (<i>O.</i> 157) and Quintilian’s (1, 6, 17) time. <b>v</b> also disappeared before <b>o</b> in <b>deorsum</b>, <b>seorsum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec153_2" id = "sec153_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec153_2">2.</a>) Old and original unsyllabic <b>i</b> (<a href = "#sec82">82</a>; <a href = "#sec83">83</a>) disappeared everywhere between vowels. Wherever unsyllabic <b>i</b> appears between vowels it represents double @@ -4253,19 +4246,19 @@ joined to the preceding vowel (<a href = "#sec83">83</a>) formed with it a diphthong, and the syllable is thus long (<a href = "#sec133">133, 2</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec153_3" id = "sec153_3">3.</a>) -The combinations of unsyllabic (<a href = "#sec83">83</a>) <b>ṷ</b> +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec153_3">3.</a>) +The combinations of unsyllabic (<a href = "#sec83">83</a>) <b>ṷ</b> with the vowel <b>u</b> and of unsyllabic <b>i̭</b> with the vowel <b>i</b> were avoided in classical Latin; see <a href = "#sec52">52</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec153_4" id = "sec153_4">4.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec153_4">4.</a>) In composition, unsyllabic (<a href = "#sec82">82</a>) <b>i̭</b> after a consonant became syllabic in <b>quoniam</b>, <i>since</i>, for <b>quomi̭am</b> (<a href = "#sec164">164, 5</a>), and <b>etiam</b>, <i>also</i>, for <b>eti̭am</b> (both compounds with <b>iam</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec154" id = "sec154" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec154" href = "#sound_change_cons">154</a>.</b> In early Latin <b>s</b> between two vowels was voiced (<a href = "#sec75">75</a>), and in the fourth century <span class = @@ -4303,14 +4296,14 @@ apart</i>, for <b>*dis-emō</b>; but an initial <b>s-</b> of the second member of a compound remains unchanged: as, <b>dē-sinō</b>, <i>I stop</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page26" id = "page26"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page26"> 26</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec155" id = "sec155" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec155" href = "#sound_change_cons">155</a>.</b> Wherever intervocalic <b>s</b> is found in classical Latin it is not original, but the result (<i>a.</i>) of earlier <b class = "locked">-ns-</b>: as, <b>formōsus</b>, <i>handsome</i>, for -<b>formōnsus</b> (<a href = "#sec63">63</a>); (<i><a name = "sec155b" id +<b>formōnsus</b> (<a href = "#sec63">63</a>); (<i><a id = "sec155b">b.</a></i>) of earlier <b class = "locked">-ss-</b> (<a href = "#sec170">170, 7</a>): as, <b>ūsus</b> for <b>*ūssus</b>, <i>use</i> (<a href = "#sec159">159</a>); <b>causa</b>, <i>thing</i>, @@ -4320,14 +4313,14 @@ are a few words in which an <b>r</b> in a neighbouring syllable seems to have prevented the change: as <b>miser</b>, <i>miserable</i> (<a href = "#sec173">173</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec156" id = "sec156" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec156" href = "#sound_change_cons">156</a>.</b> Before the <b>o</b> described in <a href = "#sec142">142</a> <b>qu</b> changed to <b>c</b>: as, <b>incola</b>, <i>inhabitant</i>, for <b>*inquola</b>, from <b>*inquela</b>; the stem <b>quel-</b> appears in <b>in-quil-īnus</b>, <i>lodger</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec157" id = "sec157" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec157" href = "#sound_change_cons">157</a>.</b> As <b>v</b> before <b>u</b> (<a href = "#sec107c">107, <i>c</i></a>), so <b>qu</b> was not tolerated before <b>u</b>, but changed to @@ -4350,7 +4343,7 @@ before <b>u</b> by analogy to those forms in the paradigm in which <b>equō</b>, <b>eque</b>, <b>equōrum</b>, <b>equīs</b>, <b>equōs</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec158" id = "sec158" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec158" href = "#sound_change_cons">158</a>.</b> <b>qu</b> before consonants or when final changed to <b>c</b>: as, <b>relictus</b> from the stem <b>liqu-</b>, <i>leave</i> (present, @@ -4360,7 +4353,7 @@ apocope from <b>neque</b>. See also <b>*torctus</b> (<a href = "#sec170">170, 3</a>), <b>quīnctus</b> (<a href = "#sec170">170, 4</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec159" id = "sec159" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec159" href = "#sound_change_cons">159</a>.</b> When in the process of early word formation a <b>t</b> was followed by another <b>t</b>, the combination <b>tt</b>, unless followed by @@ -4385,7 +4378,7 @@ was followed by <b>r</b> it changed to <b>st</b>: as, <b>assestrīx</b> from <b>*assettrīx</b>, while <b>*assettor</b> changed to <b>assessor</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec160" id = "sec160" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec160" href = "#sound_change_cons">160</a>.</b> But wherever the combination <b>tt</b> arose in historical times it remained unchanged: as, <b>attineō</b>; <b>cette</b>, syncopated for @@ -4393,32 +4386,32 @@ remained unchanged: as, <b>attineō</b>; <b>cette</b>, syncopated for "#sec93">93, 3</a>) which is here proclitic, and the imperative <b>date</b>, <i>give</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec161" id = "sec161" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec161" href = "#sound_change_cons">161</a>.</b> -Initial <b>dv</b> (<i>dṷ</i>) changed to <b>b</b>, unless the <b>v</b> -(<i>ṷ</i>) was converted into the corresponding vowel: as, <b>bis</b>, -<i>twice</i>, for <b>*dṷis</b> (cf. <b>duo</b>); <b>bidēns</b> for -<b>*dṷidens</b>, by the side of old Latin <b>duidēns</b> with vocalic -<b>u</b>; <b>bonus</b>, <i>good</i>, for <b>dṷonus</b>, by the side of +Initial <b>dv</b> (<i>dṷ</i>) changed to <b>b</b>, unless the <b>v</b> +(<i>ṷ</i>) was converted into the corresponding vowel: as, <b>bis</b>, +<i>twice</i>, for <b>*dṷis</b> (cf. <b>duo</b>); <b>bidēns</b> for +<b>*dṷidens</b>, by the side of old Latin <b>duidēns</b> with vocalic +<b>u</b>; <b>bonus</b>, <i>good</i>, for <b>dṷonus</b>, by the side of trisyllabic <b>duonus</b>; <b>bellum</b>, <i>war</i>, for -<b>*dṷellum</b>, by the side of <b>duellum</b> with vocalic <b>u</b>; -<b>bēs</b>, <i>two thirds</i>, for <b>*dṷēs</b> (<a href = +<b>*dṷellum</b>, by the side of <b>duellum</b> with vocalic <b>u</b>; +<b>bēs</b>, <i>two thirds</i>, for <b>*dṷēs</b> (<a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>). Cicero (<i>O.</i> 153) notes that the change of <b>duellum</b> to <b>bellum</b> affected even the proper name <b>Duellius</b> (name of the admiral who won the naval victory over the Carthaginians in 260 <span class = "smallroman"><ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">B.</ins>C.</span>) which was changed -to <b>Bellius</b>. Plautus always scans <b>dṷellum</b> disyllabic with +to <b>Bellius</b>. Plautus always scans <b>dṷellum</b> disyllabic with synizesis (<a href = "#sec2503">2503</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page27" id = "page27"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page27"> 27</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_cons_1" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_cons_1" href = "#sound_change_cons">CHANGES OF CONSONANT GROUPS.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec162" id = "sec162" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec162" href = "#sound_change_cons_1">162</a>.</b> Many groups of consonants undergo changes in order to facilitate their pronunciation in rapid speech. These changes involve (<i>a.</i>) @@ -4428,10 +4421,10 @@ group; and (<i>d.</i>) the development of a vowel between the consonants.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_cons_2" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_cons_2" href = "#sound_change_cons">ASSIMILATION.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec163" id = "sec163" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec163" href = "#sound_change_cons_2">163</a>.</b> Of two successive consonants belonging to different syllables (<a href = "#sec175">175</a>), the first is, as a rule, assimilated to the second @@ -4442,7 +4435,7 @@ either entirely or partially, to another consonant.</p> <p class = "fifth">Assimilation is very common in prepositions prefixed to a verb.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec164" id = "sec164" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec164" href = "#sound_change_cons_2">164</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Partial assimilation</span>. (1.) A voiced mute before an unvoiced consonant became unvoiced: as, <b>rēx</b>, @@ -4460,7 +4453,7 @@ href = "#sec54">54</a>) but spelled with <b>b</b> by analogy to the oblique cases <b>urbis</b>, <b>urbem</b>, etc.; <b>obtineō</b>, <i>I get</i>, pronounced <b>optineō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec164_2" id = "sec164_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec164_2">2.</a>) An unvoiced mute before a voiced consonant became voiced. The prepositions <b>ob</b>, <b>ab</b>, <b>sub</b>, for <b>*op</b>, <b>*ap</b>, <b>*sup</b>, owe their final <b>b</b> to their frequent @@ -4468,11 +4461,11 @@ position before voiced mutes: as, <b>obdūcō</b>, <b>abdīcō</b>, <b>sub dīvō</b>. The forms <b>*op</b> (still preserved in <b>op-eriō</b>, <i>I close</i>, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>) <b>*ap</b> (preserved in <b>ap-erio</b>, <i>I open</i>, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>; cf. Greek -<span class = "greek" title = "apo">ἀπό</span>) and <b>*sup</b> +<span class = "greek" title = "apo">ἀπό</span>) and <b>*sup</b> (preserved in the adjective <b>supīnus</b>, <i>supine</i>) were then crowded out by <b>ob</b>, <b>ab</b>, and <b>sub</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec164_3" id = "sec164_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec164_3">3.</a>) Nasals changed their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, dental <b>n</b> before the labials <b>p</b> and <b>b</b> became labial <b>m</b>: as, <b>imbibō</b>, <i>I drink in</i>, @@ -4493,28 +4486,28 @@ verbs and nouns, where <b>mt</b>, <b>ms</b> develop into <b>mpt</b>, <b>mps</b> (<a href = "#sec167">167</a>): as, <b>sūmptus</b>, <b>sūmpsī</b>, from <b>sūmō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec164_4" id = "sec164_4">4.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec164_4">4.</a>) <b>p</b> and <b>b</b> before <b>n</b> changed to <b>m</b>: as, <b>somnus</b>, <i>sleep</i>, for <b>*sop-nus</b> (cf. <b>sopor</b>); <b>omnis</b>, <i>all</i>, for <b>*op-nis</b> (cf. <b>opēs</b>); <b>Samnium</b>, for <b>*Sabnium</b> (cf. <b>Sabīnī</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec164_5" id = "sec164_5">5.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec164_5">5.</a>) <b>m</b> before unsyllabic <b>i</b> (<b>i̭</b>) became <b>n</b>: as, <b>quoniam</b> (with vocalic <b>i</b>; <a href = "#sec153_4">153, 4</a>), <i>since</i>, for <b>*quoni̭am</b> from <b>quom iam</b> (<a href = "#sec1882">1882</a>); <b>coniungō</b>, <i>I join together</i>, for <b>*comiungō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec164_6" id = "sec164_6">6.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec164_6">6.</a>) <b>c</b> between <b>n</b> and <b>l</b>, and before <b>m</b>, changed to <b>g</b>: as, <b>angulus</b>, <i>corner</i>, with anaptyctical (<a href = "#sec172">172</a>) vowel <b>u</b> for <b>*anglus</b>, from <b>*anclus</b> (cf. <b>ancus</b>); <b>segmentum</b>, <i>section</i>, from the stem <b>sec-</b> in <b>secāre</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec165" id = "sec165" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec165" href = "#sound_change_cons_2">165</a>.</b> It appears that at a very early period the neighbourhood of a nasal changed an unvoiced mute into a voiced one: as, <b>ē-mungō</b>, <i>I @@ -4522,12 +4515,11 @@ clean out</i>, by the side of <b>mūcus</b>; <b>pangō</b>, <i>I fix</i>, by the side of <b>pāc-</b> in <b>pāx</b>, <i>peace</i> (gen. <b>pāc-is</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page28" id = "page28"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page28"> 28</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec166" id = "sec166" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec166" href = "#sound_change_cons_2">166</a>.</b> -<span class = "smallcaps">Entire assimilation.</span> (<a name = -"sec166_1" id = "sec166_1">1.</a>) One mute is assimilated to another: +<span class = "smallcaps">Entire assimilation.</span> (<a id = "sec166_1">1.</a>) One mute is assimilated to another: thus <b>p</b> or <b>b</b> to <b>c</b>: as, <b>suc-currō</b>, <i>I assist</i>; <b>t</b> or <b>d</b> to <b>c</b>: as, <b>sic-cus</b>, <i>dry</i> (cf. <b>sit-is</b>, <i>thirst</i>), <b>accipiō</b>, <i>I @@ -4537,7 +4529,7 @@ on</i>; <b>t</b> or <b>d</b> to <b>qu</b>: as, <b>quicquam</b>, <i>I call</i>; <b>quippe</b>, <i>why?</i> (<a href = "#sec1690">1690</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec166_2" id = "sec166_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec166_2">2.</a>) A mute is assimilated to a spirant: thus, <b>p</b> to <b>f</b> in <b>officīna</b>, <i>workshop</i>, for <b>*opficīna</b>, syncopated form of <b>*opificīna</b>; <b>d</b> to <b>f</b>: as, <b>afferō</b>, <i>I @@ -4564,12 +4556,12 @@ same way <b>possum</b>, <i>I can</i>, for <b>*potsum</b> (<a href = "#sec154">154</a>). Forms like the rare <b>hausūrus</b> (Verg.) are made after the analogy of dental stems.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec166_3" id = "sec166_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec166_3">3.</a>) One spirant, <b>s</b>, is assimilated to another, <b>f</b>: as, <b>difficilis</b>, <i>difficult</i>, <b>differō</b>, <i>I am unlike</i>, from <b>dis</b> and <b>facilis</b>, <b>ferō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec166_4" id = "sec166_4">4.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec166_4">4.</a>) A mute is assimilated to a nasal: thus <b>d</b> to <b>m</b> in <b>mamma</b>, <i>woman’s breast</i>, from the stem <b>mad-</b> (cf. <b>madeō</b>, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>); <b>rāmus</b>, @@ -4586,13 +4578,13 @@ dialect, and occurs only very rarely in Latin: as, <b>tennitur</b> title = ". invisible">Plaut.</ins>) See <a href = "#sec924">924</a>; <a href = "#sec950">950</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec166_5" id = "sec166_5">5.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec166_5">5.</a>) One nasal, <b>n</b>, is assimilated to another, <b>m</b>: as <b>immōtus</b>, <i>unmoved</i>. But an <b>m</b> before <b>n</b> is never assimilated: as, <b>amnis</b>, <i>river</i>.</p> <p class = "fourth"><ins class = "correction" -title = "text has ’(6).‘">(<a name = "sec166_6" id = "sec166_6">6.</a>)</ins> Mutes or +title = "text has ’(6).‘">(<a id = "sec166_6">6.</a>)</ins> Mutes or nasals are assimilated to liquids; thus <b>n</b> to <b>l</b>: as, <b>homullus</b>, <i>manikin</i>, for <b>*homon-lus</b> (cf. <b>homun-culus</b>); <b>ūllus</b> (<a href = @@ -4609,14 +4601,14 @@ push</i> (<a href = "#sec932">932</a>). But no assimilation is to be assumed for <b>parricīda</b>, which does not stand for <b>patricīda</b> (<a href = "#sec133">133, 1</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec166_7" id = "sec166_7">7.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec166_7">7.</a>) One liquid, <b>r</b>, is assimilated to another, <b>l</b>: as, <b>pelliciō</b>, <i>I lead astray</i> (<a href = "#sec956">956</a>), for <b>*per-liciō</b>; <b>agellus</b>, <i>small field</i>, for <b>*agerlos</b>; <b>pūllus</b>, <i>clean</i>, from <b>*pūrlos</b> (cf. <b>pūrus</b>, <i>clean</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec166_8" id = "sec166_8">8.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec166_8">8.</a>) A spirant, <b>s</b>, is assimilated to a preceding liquid in <b>velle</b>, <i>wish</i>, for <b>*velse</b>, <b>ferre</b>, <i>carry</i>, for <b>*ferse</b> (the infinitive ending <b class = @@ -4631,7 +4623,7 @@ stem <b>ard-</b> (cf. <b>ardeō</b>, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>); <b>alsī</b>, <i>I felt cold</i>, for <b>*alcsī</b> from the stem <b>alg-</b> (cf. <b>algeō</b>, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec166_9" id = "sec166_9">9.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec166_9">9.</a>) <b>g</b> and <b>d</b> were assimilated to a following unsyllabic <b>i</b> (<b>i̭</b>) the result being (<a href = "#sec153">153, 2</a>) <b>ii</b> (<b>i̭i̭</b>); thus <b>peiior</b>, @@ -4650,17 +4642,17 @@ vowel quantity in these words, see <a href = "#sec133">133</a>, 2.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_cons_3" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_cons_3" href = "#sound_change_cons">CONSONANTAL GLIDES.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec167" id = "sec167" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec167" href = "#sound_change_cons_3">167</a>.</b> Pronunciation of two successive consonants is sometimes facilitated by the insertion of a consonant which serves as a glide. Such insertion is not frequent.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page29" id = "page29"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page29"> 29</a></span> <p class = "fifth">In inflection a <b>p</b> was thus developed between <b>m</b> and <b>s</b>, between <b>m</b> and <b>l</b>, and between @@ -4674,10 +4666,10 @@ not frequent.</p> "#sec103">103, <b>a</b></a>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_cons_4" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_cons_4" href = "#sound_change_cons">DISAPPEARANCE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec168" id = "sec168" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec168" href = "#sound_change_cons_4">168</a>.</b> A word may be lightened by the disappearance of an initial, a medial, or a final consonant.</p> @@ -4686,13 +4678,13 @@ a medial, or a final consonant.</p> called <i>Aphaeresis</i>, of a medial, <i>Syncope</i>, of a final, <i>Apocope</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec169" id = "sec169" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec169" href = "#sound_change_cons_4">169.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Initial disappearance.</span> (1.) Initial <b>tl</b> changed to <b>l</b>: as, <b>lātus</b>, <i>borne</i>, for <b>*tlātus</b> from <b>tollō</b> (<a href = "#sec187">187</a>, <a href = "#sec917">917</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec169_2" id = "sec169_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec169_2">2.</a>) Initial <b>gn</b> changed to <b>n</b>: as, <b>nātus</b>, <i>born</i>, for earlier <span class = "smallroman">GNATVS</span> from the stem <b>gen-</b>, <b>gnā</b> (<a href = "#sec187">187</a>); <b>nōscō</b>, @@ -4704,13 +4696,13 @@ for earlier <span class = "smallroman">GNATVS</span> from the stem href = "#sec170">170, 6</a>) which preserve the <b>g</b>. But <b>Gnaeus</b> retained its <b>G</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec169_3" id = "sec169_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec169_3">3.</a>) Initial <b>d</b> when followed by consonant <b>i</b> (<i>i̭</i>), disappeared: as, <b>Iovis</b>, <b>Iūpiter</b>, for <b>*Di̭ovis</b>, <b>*Di̭ūpiter</b>. Where the <b>i</b> was vocalic, <b>d</b> was retained: as, <b>dīus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec169_4" id = "sec169_4">4.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec169_4">4.</a>) Initial <b>stl-</b> first changed to <b>sl</b> and then to <b>l</b>: as, Old Latin <b>stlocus</b>, <i>place</i>, <b>stlīs</b>, <i>law-suit</i> (Quint. 1, 4, 16), <span class = "smallroman">STLOC</span>, <span @@ -4720,7 +4712,7 @@ also <b>lātus</b>, <i>wide</i>, for <b>*stlātus</b>. That a form "#sec698">698</a>, <a href = "#sec703">703</a>) from <b>*in-slocō</b>, <i>on the spot</i> (<a href = "#sec170">170, 2</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec170" id = "sec170" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec170" href = "#sound_change_cons_4">170.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Medial Disappearance.</span> (1.) <b>c</b>, <b>g</b>, <b>p</b>, and <b>b</b> disappear before <b>s</b> followed by @@ -4744,7 +4736,7 @@ been restored by analogy: as, <b>sextus</b>, <i>sixth</i>, for <b>*sestus</b> (cf. <b>Sēstius</b>) after <b>sex</b>; <b>textor</b>, <i>weaver</i>, for <b>*testor</b> after <b>texō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_2" id = "sec170_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_2">2.</a>) <b>s</b> before voiced consonants was voiced (<a href = "#sec75">75</a>) and is dropped. If a consonant precedes the <b>s</b> this is dropped also. In either case the preceding vowel is lengthened. Voiced <b>s</b> @@ -4778,9 +4770,9 @@ Six</i>, for <b>secsvirī</b>; <b>āla</b>, <i>wing</i>, for <b>*acsla</b> <b>scāla</b>, <i>stair</i>, for <b>*scand-sla</b> (cf. <b>scandō</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page30" id = "page30"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page30"> 30</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_3" id = "sec170_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_3">3.</a>) <b>c</b> falls away when it stands between a liquid and <b>t</b>, <b>s</b>, <b>m</b>, or <b>n</b>: as, <b>ultus</b>, <i>avenged</i>, for <b>*ulctus</b> from <b>ulc-iscor</b> (<a href = "#sec980">980</a>); @@ -4793,7 +4785,7 @@ and <b>mulceō</b>, <i>I stroke</i>; similarly other stems in <b class = of <b>qu</b> to <b>c</b>, see <a href = "#sec158">158</a>); for <b>fortis</b>, <i>brave</i>, <b>forctis</b> is found in old Latin.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_4" id = "sec170_4">4.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_4">4.</a>) <b>c</b> drops out when it stands between <b>n</b> and <b>t</b>: as, <b>quīntus</b>, <i>fifth</i>, for older <b>quīnctus</b> (<a href = "#sec2412">2412</a>), from <b>quīnque</b> (for the change of <b>qu</b> @@ -4807,13 +4799,13 @@ having stems in <b class = "locked">-nc</b> or <b class = "#sec965">965</a>) <b>c</b> has dropped out between <b>s</b> and <b>t</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_5" id = "sec170_5">5.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_5">5.</a>) The group <b>-ncn-</b> was simplified to simple <b>-n-</b>, and the preceding vowel was lengthened: as, <b>quīnī</b>, <i>five each</i>, for <b>*quīnc-nī</b> (<a href = "#sec317">317</a>); <b>cō-nīveō</b>, <i>wink and blink</i>, for <b>con-cnīveō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_6" id = "sec170_6">6.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_6">6.</a>) <b>n</b> before <b>gn</b> was dropped and the preceding vowel lengthened: as, <b>ī-gnōscō</b>, <i>I forgive</i>, for <b>*in-gnōscō</b>, <b>cō-gnōscō</b>, <i>I know</i>, for @@ -4823,7 +4815,7 @@ side of <b>con-</b> (<a href = "#sec122e">122, <i>e</i></a>): as, <b>cō-nectō</b>, <b>cō-nubium</b>, <b>cō-ligātus</b> (Gell. 2, 17, 8).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_7" id = "sec170_7">7.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_7">7.</a>) In the imperial age, <b>ss</b> after long vowels and diphthongs was regularly changed to <b>s</b>: as, <b>clausī</b>, <i>I closed</i>; <b>ūsus</b>, <i>used</i> (<a href = "#sec166">166, 2</a>); but @@ -4848,34 +4840,34 @@ later <b>l</b> and <b>s</b>, as do inscriptions: as, <span class = (49 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>); <span class = "smallroman">ACCVSSASSE</span>, <i>to have accused</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_8" id = "sec170_8">8.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_8">8.</a>) After a long vowel <b>d</b> was dropped before consonant <b>u</b> (<b>v</b>): as, <b>svāvis</b>, <i>sweet</i>, for <b>*svādvis</b> from <b>svād-</b> (cf. <b>svādeō</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_9" id = "sec170_9">9.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_9">9.</a>) <b>r</b> before <b>st</b> was dropped: as, <b>tostus</b>, <i>roasted</i> (<a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>) for <b>*torstus</b> from the stem <b>tors-</b> (cf. <b>torreo</b> with assimilated <b class = "locked">-rs-</b>, <a href = "#sec166_8">166, 8</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_10" id = "sec170_10">10.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_10">10.</a>) <b>-rts-</b> changed to <b>-rs</b>: as, <b>arsī</b>, <i>I burnt</i>, for <b>*artsī</b> (<a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>). <b class = "locked">-rcsc-</b> changed to <b class = "locked">-sc-</b>: as, <b>poscō</b>, <i>I demand</i>, for <b>*porcscō</b> (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_11" id = "sec170_11">11.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_11">11.</a>) In <b>ipse</b>, <i>self</i>, for <b>*is-pse</b>, an <b>s</b> has disappeared before <b class = "locked">-ps-</b></p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec170_12" id = "sec170_12">12.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec170_12">12.</a>) (12.) <b>d</b> (<b>t</b>) disappears between <b>r</b> and <b>c</b>: as, <b>cor-culum</b> for <b>cord(i)-culum</b> (<a href = "#sec275">275</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec171" id = "sec171" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec171" href = "#sound_change_cons_4">171.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Final Disappearance.</span> (1.) A word never ends in a doubled consonant: as, <b>es</b> for <b>*es-s</b>, <i>thou @@ -4895,12 +4887,12 @@ long in Plautus. <b>hoc</b>, <i>this</i>, for <b>*hocc</b> from from <b>isto-</b>, <b>illo-</b>) counts as a long syllable even in classical poetry.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec171_2" id = "sec171_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec171_2">2.</a>) No Latin word can end in two explosives: thus, final <b>t</b> is dropped in <b>lac</b>, <i>milk</i> (<a href = "#sec478">478</a>); final <b>d</b> in <b>cor</b>, <i>heart</i> (<a href = "#sec476">476</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec171_3" id = "sec171_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec171_3">3.</a>) When final <b>s</b> was preceded by <b>r</b> or <b>l</b>, it was assimilated to these liquids, and final <b>rr</b> and <b>ll</b> were then simplified to <b>r</b> and <b>l</b>. See the examples under (1). @@ -4912,9 +4904,9 @@ disappearance of an intervening consonant: as, <b>puls</b>, "#sec533">533</a>); all with syncope (<a href = "#sec111">111</a>) of the vowel <b>i</b> in the nominative <b>sg</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page31" id = "page31"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page31"> 31</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec171_4" id = "sec171_4">4.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec171_4">4.</a>) Original final <b>ns</b> was changed to <b>s</b> and the preceding vowel was lengthened: as, <b>sanguīs</b>, <i>blood</i> (<a href = "#sec2452">2452</a>), for <b>*sanguins</b> from the stem <b>sanguin-</b> @@ -4925,7 +4917,7 @@ disappearance of an intervening consonant: as, <b>ferēns</b>, <b>frōns</b>, <i>foliage</i>, for <b>*fronds</b>, from the stem <b>frond-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec171_5" id = "sec171_5">5.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec171_5">5.</a>) A dental mute before final <b>s</b> is dropped: as, <b>hērēs</b>, <i>heir</i>, for <b>*hērēds</b> (<a href = "#sec475">475</a>); <b>virtūs</b>, <i>virtue</i>, for <b>*virtūts</b> (<a href = @@ -4939,20 +4931,20 @@ from the stem <b>leg-</b> (<a href = "#sec472">472</a>); <b>urbs</b>, "#sec480">480</a>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_cons_5" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_cons_5" href = "#sound_change_cons">DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANAPTYCTICAL VOWEL.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec172" id = "sec172" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec172" href = "#sound_change_cons_5">172</a>.</b> Certain consonant groups, notably those containing a liquid, are sometimes eased by the insertion of a vowel which develops between the consonants. This is called <i>Anaptyxis</i> (Greek <span class = "greek" -title = "anaptussein">ἀναπτύσσειν</span>, <i>unfold</i>). It is the +title = "anaptussein">ἀναπτύσσειν</span>, <i>unfold</i>). It is the opposite of syncope of vowels (<a href = "#sec110">110</a>, <a href = "#sec111">111</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec172_1" id = "sec172_1">1.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec172_1">1.</a>) The suffix <b>-clo-</b> (<a href = "#sec242">242</a>), changed to <b class = "locked">-culo-</b>, being thus no longer distinguishable from the diminutive suffix <b class = "locked">-culo-</b> (<a href = @@ -4968,17 +4960,17 @@ show the anaptyctical vowel. Its colour depends on the nature of the = "locked">-ngl-</b> also changes to <b class = "locked">-ngul-</b>: as, <b>angulus</b> (<a href = "#sec164">164, 6</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec172_2" id = "sec172_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec172_2">2.</a>) In words borrowed from the Greek an unfamiliar sequence of consonants was so lightened; as, <b>mina</b>, <i>mina</i>, for <b>*mna</b> (<span class = "greek" title = "mna">μνᾶ</span>); and in Old Latin <b>drachuma</b> (Plaut.) for later <b>drachma</b>, <i>drachma</i> (<span -class = "greek" title = "drachmê">δραχμή</span>); <b>techina</b>, +class = "greek" title = "drachmê">δραχμή</span>); <b>techina</b>, <i>trick</i>, from Greek <span class = "greek" title = -"technê">τέχνη</span>; <b>Tecumēssa</b> for <b>Tecmēssa</b> (<span class -= "greek" title = "Tekmêssa">Τέκμησσα</span>).</p> +"technê">τέχνη</span>; <b>Tecumēssa</b> for <b>Tecmēssa</b> (<span class += "greek" title = "Tekmêssa">Τέκμησσα</span>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<a name = "sec172_3" id = "sec172_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fourth">(<a id = "sec172_3">3.</a>) Before syllabic (<a href = "#sec83">83</a>) <b>l</b> and <b>r</b> a vowel is developed (<a href = "#sec111b">111, <i>b</i></a>): as, <b>íncertus</b>, <i>uncertain</i>, for <b>*íncr̥tus</b>; @@ -4986,10 +4978,10 @@ vowel is developed (<a href = "#sec111b">111, <i>b</i></a>): as, syllabic <b>n</b> (<a href = "#sec139">139</a>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_cons_6" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_cons_6" href = "#sound_change_cons">DISSIMILATION.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec173" id = "sec173" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec173" href = "#sound_change_cons_6">173</a>.</b> (1.) To avoid the repetition of the same liquid in successive syllables <b>l</b> is sometimes changed to <b>r</b>: as, <b>caeruleus</b>, @@ -5002,7 +4994,7 @@ suffix <b class = "locked">-āli-</b> under like conditions changes to <b class = "locked">-āri-</b>; as, <b>molāre</b>, <i>of a mill</i> (<a href = "#sec313">313</a>), but <b>augurāle</b>, <i>of an augur</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec173_2" id = "sec173_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec173_2">2.</a>) In a few cases repetition is avoided by dropping the sound once: as, <b>praestīgiae</b>, <i>jugglery</i>, for <b>praestrīgiae</b>. This also applies to the spirant <b>s</b> followed by a consonant, @@ -5013,60 +5005,60 @@ where the second syllable, and in <b>quisquiliae</b>, <i>sweepings</i>, for <b>*squisquiliae</b>, where the first syllable was lightened.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "sound_change_cons_7" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "sound_change_cons_7" href = "#sound_change_cons">CHANGES WITHIN COMPOUNDS.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec174" id = "sec174" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec174" href = "#sound_change_cons_6">174</a>.</b> The final syllable of the first member of compounds (<a href = "#sec181">181</a>) sometimes undergoes certain changes by analogy to other compounds:</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec174_1" id = "sec174_1">1.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec174_1">1.</a>) The final <b>-ā</b> of <b>ā-</b>stems, by analogy to the more frequent <b class = "locked">-o-</b>stems, usually changed to <b class = "locked">-o</b>, which in atonic syllables became <b class = "locked">-i</b> (<a href = "#sec105">105</a>): as, <b>āli-ger</b>, <i>winged</i>, for <b>*ālo-ger</b> from <b>ālā-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec174_2" id = "sec174_2">2.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec174_2">2.</a>) Stems in <b>-on-</b> substitute <b>-o-</b> for <b>-on-</b> by analogy to the <b class = "locked">-o-</b>stems: as, <b>homi-cída</b>, <i>murderer</i>, for <b>*homo-cīda</b> (<a href = "#sec105">105</a>) from <b>homon-</b> (Nom. <b>homō</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth">(<a name = "sec174_3" id = "sec174_3">3.</a>) +<p class = "fifth">(<a id = "sec174_3">3.</a>) Some stems in <b>-s</b> substitute <b>-o-</b> by analogy to the <b class = "locked">-o-</b>stems: as, <b>foedi-fragus</b>, <i>treaty-breaking</i>, for <b>*foedo-fragus</b> from the stem <b>foedos-</b> (Nom. <b>foedus</b>, Gen. <b>foederis</b>; 154).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page32" id = "page32"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page32"> 32</a></span> -<h5><a name = "sound_syllables" id = "sound_syllables" href = +<h5><a id = "sound_syllables" href = "#sound">SYLLABLES.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec175" id = "sec175" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec175" href = "#sound_syllables">175</a>.</b> A word has as many syllables as it has separate vowels or diphthongs. The last syllable is called the <i>Ultima</i>; the last syllable but one is called the <i>Penult</i>; the last syllable but two is called the <i>Antepenult</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec176" id = "sec176" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec176" href = "#sound_syllables">176</a>.</b> The quantity of single sounds (e.g. the quantity of a vowel) must be carefully distinguished from the quantity of the group of sounds or the syllable of which the single sound forms a part.</p> -<h6><a name = "sound_syllables_length" id = "sound_syllables_length" +<h6><a id = "sound_syllables_length" href = "#sound_syllables">LENGTH OF SYLLABLES.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec177" id = "sec177" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec177" href = "#sound_syllables_length">177</a>.</b> A syllable is long if its vowel is long, or if its vowel is followed by two consonants or by <b>x</b> or <b>z</b>: as,</p> @@ -5080,7 +5072,7 @@ syllables (not the vowels) are said to be <i>long by position</i>. value of a single consonant only: thus, in <b>adhūc</b> and <b>aqua</b> the first syllable is short.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec178" id = "sec178" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec178" href = "#sound_syllables_length">178</a>.</b> In prose or old dramatic verse a syllable with a short vowel before a mute or <b>f</b> followed by <b>l</b> or <b>r</b> is not long: as @@ -5089,10 +5081,10 @@ regarded as long. In compounds such syllables are long in any verse: as <b>obruit</b>.</p> -<h6><a name = "sound_syllables_loss" id = "sound_syllables_loss" href = +<h6><a id = "sound_syllables_loss" href = "#sound_syllables">LOSS OF SYLLABLES.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec179" id = "sec179" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec179" href = "#sound_syllables_loss">179</a>.</b> The first of two successive syllables which begin with the same sound is sometimes lost. This is called <i>Haplology</i>.</p> @@ -5109,16 +5101,16 @@ for <b>voluntātārius</b> (<a href = "#sec262">262</a>, <a href = -<h3><a name = "formation" id = "formation" href = "#words">B. +<h3><a id = "formation" href = "#words">B. FORMATION.</a></h3> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec180" id = "sec180" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec180" href = "#formation">180</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Formation</span> is the process by which stems are formed from roots or from other stems.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec181" id = "sec181" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec181" href = "#formation">181</a>.</b> A word containing a single stem is called a <i>Simple</i> word: as, <b>magnus</b>, <i>great</i>, stem <b>magno-</b>; <b>animus</b>, @@ -5126,7 +5118,7 @@ A word containing a single stem is called a <i>Simple</i> word: as, stems is called a <i>Compound</i> word: as, <b>magnanimus</b>, <i>great-souled</i>, stem <b>magnanimo-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec182" id = "sec182" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec182" href = "#formation">182</a>.</b> Most inflected words consist of two parts: a stem, which is usually a modified root (<a href = "#sec195">195</a>), and an inflection ending: @@ -5136,17 +5128,17 @@ thus, in <b>ductōrī</b>, <i>for a leader</i>, the root is meaning <i>for</i>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "formation_def_roots" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "formation_def_roots" href = "#formation">ROOTS.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec183" id = "sec183" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec183" href = "#formation_def_roots">183</a>.</b> A <span class = "smallcaps">Root</span> is a monosyllable which gives the fundamental meaning to a word or group of words.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page33" id = "page33"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page33"> 33</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec184" id = "sec184" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec184" href = "#formation_def_roots">184</a>.</b> A root is not a real word; it is neither a noun, naming something, nor a verb, denoting action. Thus <b><em>iug-</em></b>, <i>yoke</i>, does not @@ -5155,7 +5147,7 @@ something about yoking. The root becomes a real word only when an inflection ending is added, or, more commonly, both a formative suffix and an inflection ending: as, <b>iug-u-m</b>, <i>a yoke</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec185" id = "sec185" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec185" href = "#formation_def_roots">185</a>.</b> Roots are common to Latin and its cognate languages, such as the Sanskrit and the Greek. When a root is named in this book, the specific @@ -5163,7 +5155,7 @@ Latin form of the root is meant. This often differs somewhat from the form of the root which is assumed as applicable to all the cognate languages.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec186" id = "sec186" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec186" href = "#formation_def_roots">186</a>.</b> Almost all roots are noun and verb roots; that is, roots with a meaning which may be embodied either in a noun or in a verb, or in both. Besides @@ -5171,7 +5163,7 @@ these there is a small class, less than a dozen in number, of pronoun roots. There are many words which cannot be traced back to their roots.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec187" id = "sec187" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec187" href = "#formation_def_roots">187</a>.</b> A root sometimes has two or more forms: as, <b><em>fīd-</em></b> (for <b><em>feid-</em></b>), <b><em>foed-</em></b>, <b><em>fid-</em></b>, @@ -5194,7 +5186,7 @@ faithlessly. <b><em>gen-</em></b> in <b>gen-itor</b>, <i>sire</i>, <b><em>gn-</em></b> in <b>gi-gn-ere</b>, <i>beget</i>, <b><em>gn</em>-ā-</b> in <b>gnā-tus</b>, <i>son</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec188" id = "sec188" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec188" href = "#formation_def_roots">188</a>.</b> A root ending in a vowel is called a <i>Vowel Root</i>: as, <b><em>da-</em></b>, <i>give</i>; a root ending in a consonant is called @@ -5202,7 +5194,7 @@ a <i>Consonant Root</i>: as, <b><em>rup-</em></b>, <i>break</i>. Roots are conveniently indicated by the sign √: as, √<b><em>teg-</em></b>, to be read ‘root <b><em>teg-</em></b>.’</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec189" id = "sec189" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec189" href = "#formation_def_roots">189</a>.</b> A root or a part of a root is sometimes doubled in forming a word; this is called <i>Reduplication</i>: as, <b>mur-mur</b>, <i>murmur</i>; @@ -5210,11 +5202,11 @@ is called <i>Reduplication</i>: as, <b>mur-mur</b>, <i>murmur</i>; <b>ul-ul-āre</b>, <i>yell</i>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "formation_def_present" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "formation_def_present" href = "#formation">PRESENT STEMS AS ROOTS.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec190" id = "sec190" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec190" href = "#formation_def_present">190</a>.</b> Many nouns are formed from the present stems of verbs, which take the place of roots. Stems thus used are mostly those of verbs in <b class = @@ -5226,7 +5218,7 @@ place of roots. Stems thus used are mostly those of verbs in <b class = <i>hear</i>, are formed <b>audī-tor</b>, <i>hearer</i>, and <b>audī-tiō</b>, <i>hearing</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec191" id = "sec191" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec191" href = "#formation_def_present">191</a>.</b> Verbs in <b>-ēre</b>, and those in <b>-āre</b> and <b>-īre</b> in which the <b>ā</b> or <b>ī</b> is confined to the present system (<a href = @@ -5241,7 +5233,7 @@ nouns formed directly from a root: as,</p> <b>domāre</b>); <b>sarc-ina</b>, <i>package</i> (√<b><em>sarc-</em></b>, <b>sarcīre</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec192" id = "sec192" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec192" href = "#formation_def_present">192</a>.</b> But a noun is sometimes exceptionally formed from the present stem of a verb in <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>: as, <b>monē-ta</b>, <i>mint</i> @@ -5252,9 +5244,9 @@ verb in <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>: as, <b>monē-ta</b>, <i>mint</i> <b>verē-cundus</b>, <i>shamefast</i> (<b>verērī</b>); <b>valē-tūdō</b>, <i>health</i> (<b>valēre</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page34" id = "page34"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page34"> 34</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec193" id = "sec193" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec193" href = "#formation_def_present">193</a>.</b> Verbs in <b>-ere</b>, and particularly such as have a present in <b class = "locked">-nō</b>, <b class = "locked">-scō</b>, <b class = @@ -5267,7 +5259,7 @@ from a root: as,</p> <i>growth</i> (√<b><em>crē-</em></b>, <b>crēscere</b>); <b>pul-sus</b>, <i>a push</i> (√<b><em>pol-</em></b>, <b>pellere</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec194" id = "sec194" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec194" href = "#formation_def_present">194</a>.</b> Sometimes, however, nouns are formed from such verb stems, and not from roots: as, <b>lecti-stern-ium</b>, <i>a couch-spreading</i> @@ -5279,10 +5271,10 @@ roots: as, <b>lecti-stern-ium</b>, <i>a couch-spreading</i> (<b>fallere</b>, √<b><em>fal-</em></b>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "formation_def_stems" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "formation_def_stems" href = "#formation">STEMS.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec195" id = "sec195" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec195" href = "#formation_def_stems">195</a>.</b> A <span class = "smallcaps">Stem</span> is that part of a word which contains its meaning, and is either a root alone or more commonly a root @@ -5295,31 +5287,31 @@ Stem</i>; in <b>ductōris</b>, <i>leader’s</i>, the stem is formed by the formative suffix <b class = "locked">-tōr-</b>, denoting the agent, attached to the √<b><em>duc-</em></b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec196" id = "sec196" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec196" href = "#formation_def_stems">196</a>.</b> New stems are formed by adding a suffix to a stem. Thus, from <b>ōrātōr-</b>, <i>speaker</i>, is formed by the addition of the suffix <b class = "locked">-io-</b>, a new stem <b>ōrātōr-io-</b>, N. <b>ōrātōrius</b>, <i>speaker’s</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec197" id = "sec197" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec197" href = "#formation_def_stems">197</a>.</b> The noun has usually only one form of the stem. The verb has different stems to indicate mood and tense; these stems are all based on two principal tense stems, the present and the perfect active.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "formation_def_denom" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "formation_def_denom" href = "#formation">PRIMITIVES AND DENOMINATIVES.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec198" id = "sec198" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec198" href = "#formation_def_denom">198</a>.</b> I. A stem or word formed directly from a root or a verb stem is called a <i>Primitive</i>. II. A stem or word formed from a noun stem is called a <i>Denominative</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec198a" id = "sec198a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec198a">a.</a></i>) Primitives: from √<b><em>rēg-</em></b>, <b><em>reg-</em></b>, <i>guide</i>: <b>rēx</b>, stem <b>rēg-</b>, <i>king</i>; <b>rēgnum</b>, stem <b>rēg-no-</b>, <i>kingdom</i>; <b>rēctus</b>, stem <b>rēc-to-</b>, @@ -5328,7 +5320,7 @@ stem <b>rēg-no-</b>, <i>kingdom</i>; <b>rēctus</b>, stem <b>rēc-to-</b>, <b><ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">ōrā-</ins>tōr-</b>, <i>speaker</i>; <b>ōrātiō</b>, stem <b>ōrā-tiōn-</b>, <i>speech</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec198b" id = "sec198b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec198b">b.</a></i>) Denominatives: from noun stem <b>rēg-</b>, <i>king</i>: <b>rēgīna</b>, stem <b>rēg-īnā</b>, <i>queen</i>; <b>rēgius</b>, stem <b>rēg-io-</b>, <b>rēgālis</b>, stem <b>rēg-āli-</b>, <i>royal</i>. From @@ -5340,14 +5332,14 @@ stem <b>rēg-īnā</b>, <i>queen</i>; <b>rēgius</b>, stem <b>rēg-io-</b>, href = "#sec154">154</a>).</p> -<h5 class = "topline2"><a name = "formation_noun" id = "formation_noun" +<h5 class = "topline2"><a id = "formation_noun" href = "#formation">(A.) FORMATION OF THE NOUN.</a></h5> -<p class = "header"><a name = "formation_noun_without" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "formation_noun_without" href = "#formation_noun">WITHOUT A FORMATIVE SUFFIX.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec199" id = "sec199" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec199" href = "#formation_noun_without">199</a>.</b> Some roots are used as noun stems: as, <b>duc-</b>, N. <b>dux</b>, <i>leader</i> (√<b><em>duc-</em></b>, <i>lead</i>); <b>rēg-</b>, N. @@ -5359,13 +5351,13 @@ particularly at the end of a compound: as, <b>con-iug-</b>, N. <i>play</i>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page35" id = "page35"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page35"> 35</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "formation_noun_with" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "formation_noun_with" href = "#formation_noun">WITH A FORMATIVE SUFFIX.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec200" id = "sec200" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec200" href = "#formation_noun_with">200</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Simple</span> formative suffixes are vowels: as, <b class = "locked">-ā-</b>, <b class = "locked">-o-</b>, <b class = @@ -5387,12 +5379,12 @@ suffixes attached to a simple suffix: as, <b class = "locked">-tōr-io-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ti-mo-</b>, &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec201" id = "sec201" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec201" href = "#formation_noun_with">201</a>.</b> The following are examples of noun stems formed from roots or verb stems by simple suffixes added:</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -5522,7 +5514,7 @@ title = "anomalous comma in original"><b>e-unt-</b>,</ins></td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec202" id = "sec202" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec202" href = "#formation_noun_with">202</a>.</b> Formative suffixes are often preceded by a vowel, which in many instances is a stem vowel, real or presumed; in others, the vowel has @@ -5557,7 +5549,7 @@ class = "locked">-ēlā-</b>: <b>loqu-ēla</b>, <i>talk</i> <i>bordering</i> (<b>fīni-</b>); but <b class = "locked">-itimo-</b>: <b>lēg-itimu-s</b>, <i>of the law</i> (<b>lēg-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec203" id = "sec203" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec203" href = "#formation_noun_with">203</a>.</b> There are many formative suffixes of nouns. The commonest only can be named, and these may be conveniently grouped as below, by their @@ -5570,26 +5562,26 @@ instances it is difficult to distinguish between simple and compound suffixes.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page36" id = "page36"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page36"> 36</a></span> -<h6 class = "extended"><a name = "formation_substantive" id = +<h6 class = "extended"><a id = "formation_substantive" href = "#formation_noun">I. THE SUBSTANTIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "header extended"><a name = "formation_substantive_1" id = +<p class = "header extended"><a id = "formation_substantive_1" href = "#formation_substantive">(A.) PRIMITIVES.</a></p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_subst_agent" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_subst_agent" href = "#formation_substantive_1">I. THE AGENT.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec204" id = "sec204" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec204" href = "#formation_subst_agent">204</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-tōr-</b>, <b>-o-</b>, <b>-ā-</b>, <b>-lo-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-ōn-</b>, are used to denote the <i>Agent</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -5619,7 +5611,7 @@ class = "locked">-ōn-</b>, are used to denote the <i>Agent</i>: as,</p> <p class = "header size5">(1.) <b>-tōr-</b> (N. <b>-tor</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec205" id = "sec205" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec205" href = "#formation_subst_agent">205</a>.</b> <b>-tōr-</b>, N. <b>-tor</b>, or <b>-sōr-</b>, N. <b>-sor</b> (<a href = "#sec159">159</a>, <a href = "#sec202">202</a>), is the commonest suffix @@ -5628,9 +5620,9 @@ class = "locked">-trī-x</b>. <b class = "locked">-tōr-</b> is sometimes used in a present sense, of action repeated or occurring at any time, and sometimes in a past sense.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec206" id = "sec206" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec206" href = "#formation_subst_agent">206</a>.</b> -(<i><a name = "sec206a" id = "sec206a">a.</a></i>) +(<i><a id = "sec206a">a.</a></i>) <b>-tōr-</b> (<b>-sōr-</b>), in the present sense, often denotes one who makes a regular business of the action of the root or verb.</p> @@ -5654,7 +5646,7 @@ meaning of <b class = "locked">-tōr-</b>: as, <b>aus-tro-</b>, N. <b>aus-ter</b> (<i>scorcher</i>), <i>south-wester</i> (√<b><em>aus-</em></b>, <i>burn</i>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec207" id = "sec207" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec207" href = "#formation_subst_agent">207</a>.</b> In the present sense <b>-tōr-</b> (<b>-sōr-</b>) is also used to indicate permanent character, quality, capability, tendency, likelihood: @@ -5664,7 +5656,7 @@ loiterer</i>; <b>dērī-sor</b>, <i>a mocker</i>, <i>ironical</i>; <b>cōnsūmp-tor</b>, <i>apt to destroy</i>, <i>destructive</i>; <b>aedificā-tor</b>, <i>building-mad</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec208" id = "sec208" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec208" href = "#formation_subst_agent">208</a>.</b> (<i>b.</i>) <b>-tōr-</b> (<b>-sōr-</b>), in a perfect sense, is used particularly in old Latin, or to denote an agent who has acquired a @@ -5682,7 +5674,7 @@ the nation</i>.</p> (N. <b>-a</b>); <b>-lo-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-lu-s</b>); <b class = "locked">-ōn-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-ō</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec209" id = "sec209" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec209" href = "#formation_subst_agent">209</a>.</b> <b>-o-</b> and <b>-ā-</b> stems may denote vocation or class; many are compounds. <b class = "locked">-o-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-u-s</b>: @@ -5695,16 +5687,16 @@ class = "locked">-ā-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-a</b>: <i>husbandman</i> (<b>agro-</b>, √<b><em>col-</em></b>, <i>till</i>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page37" id = "page37"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page37"> 37</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec210" id = "sec210" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec210" href = "#formation_subst_agent">210</a>.</b> <b>-u-lo-</b>, N. <b>-u-lu-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>ger-ulo-</b>, N. <b>ger-ulu-s</b>, <i>bearer</i> (√<b><em>ges-</em></b>, <i>bear</i>); <b>fig-ulu-s</b>, <i>potter</i> (√<b><em>fig-</em></b>, <i>shape</i>, <i>mould</i>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec211" id = "sec211" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec211" href = "#formation_subst_agent">211</a>.</b> <b>-ōn-</b>, N. <b>-ō-</b>: <b>err-ōn-</b>, N. <b>err-ō</b>, <i>stroller</i> (<b>errā-re</b>); especially in compounds: @@ -5714,11 +5706,11 @@ class = "locked">-ā-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-a</b>: <i>drink</i>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_subst_action" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_subst_action" href = "#formation_substantive_1">II. THE ACTION.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec212" id = "sec212" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec212" href = "#formation_subst_action">212</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-ā-</b>, <b>-io-</b>, <b>-iā-</b>; <b>-min-</b>; <b class = "locked">-i-ōn-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ti-ōn-</b>; <b class = @@ -5728,7 +5720,7 @@ class = "locked">-i-ōn-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ti-ōn-</b>; <b class = "locked">-or-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ōr-</b>, are used to denote the <i>Action</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -5756,7 +5748,7 @@ class = "locked">-i-ōn-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ti-ōn-</b>; <b class = </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec213" id = "sec213" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec213" href = "#formation_subst_action">213</a>.</b> Words denoting action (<a href = "#sec1470">1470</a>) in a substantive form have a wide range of meaning; they may denote, according to the @@ -5771,7 +5763,7 @@ means or instrument, or place.</p> (N. <b>-iu-m</b>); <b>-iā-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-ia</b>), <b class = "locked">-iē-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-iē-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec214" id = "sec214" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec214" href = "#formation_subst_action">214</a>.</b> <b>-ā-</b>, N. <b>-a</b>, is rare in words of action: <b>fug-ā-</b>, N. <b>fug-a</b>, <i>flight</i> (√<b><em>fug-</em></b>, <i>fly</i>); most @@ -5779,12 +5771,12 @@ words are concrete: <b>mol-a</b>, <i>mill</i> (√<b><em>mol-</em></b>, <i>grind</i>); <b>tog-a</b>, <i>covering</i> (√<b><em>teg-</em></b>, <i>cover</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec215" id = "sec215" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec215" href = "#formation_subst_action">215</a>.</b> <b>-ūr-ā-</b>, N. <b>-ūr-a</b>, is rare: <b>fig-ūrā-</b>, N. <b>fig-ūra</b>, <i>shape</i> (√<b><em>fig-</em></b>, <i>shape</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec216" id = "sec216" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec216" href = "#formation_subst_action">216</a>.</b> <b>-tūr-ā-</b>, N. <b>-tūr-a</b>, or <b>-sūr-ā-</b>, N. <b>-sūr-a</b> (<a href = "#sec159">159</a>, <a href = "#sec202">202</a>), akin to the @@ -5797,7 +5789,7 @@ Words parallel with official personal names (<a href = <i>censor’s office</i> (cf. <b>cēnsōr-</b>); <b>prae-tūra</b>, <i>praetorship</i> (cf. <b>praetōr-</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec217" id = "sec217" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec217" href = "#formation_subst_action">217</a>.</b> <b>-io-</b>, N. <b>-iu-m</b>, sometimes denotes the effect or the object. The line cannot always be drawn very sharply between these stems @@ -5805,7 +5797,7 @@ in <b class = "locked">-io-</b> (many of which may be formed through a presumed noun stem), and denominatives in <b class = "locked">-io-</b> (<a href = "#sec249">249</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec218" id = "sec218" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec218" href = "#formation_subst_action">218</a>.</b> (<i>a.</i>) <b>-io-</b> is rarely suffixed to simple roots or verb stems: <b>od-io-</b>, N. <b>od-iu-m</b>, <i>hate</i>, <i>hateful @@ -5813,7 +5805,7 @@ thing</i>, <i>hateful conduct</i> (√<b><em>od-</em></b>, <i>hate</i>); some words become concrete: <b>lab-iu-m</b>, <i>lip</i> (√<b><em>lab-</em></b>, <i>lick</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec219" id = "sec219" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec219" href = "#formation_subst_action">219</a>.</b> (<i>b.</i>) Most primitives in <b>-io-</b> are compounds: as, <b>adag-iu-m</b>, <i>proverb</i> (<b>ad</b>, √<b><em>ag-</em></b>, @@ -5828,9 +5820,9 @@ some words become concrete: <b>lab-iu-m</b>, <i>lip</i> <b>obsid-iu-m</b>, <i>siege</i> (<b>ob</b>, √<b><em>sed-</em></b>, <i>sit</i>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page38" id = "page38"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page38"> 38</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec220" id = "sec220" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec220" href = "#formation_subst_action">220</a>.</b> <b>-t-io-</b>, N. <b>-t-iu-m</b>: <b>spa-tio-</b>, N. <b>spa-tiu-m</b>, <i>stretch</i> (√<b><em>spa-</em></b>, <i>span</i>, <i>stretch</i>); @@ -5838,7 +5830,7 @@ some words become concrete: <b>lab-iu-m</b>, <i>lip</i> √<b><em>sta-</em></b>, <i>stand</i>); <b>ini-tiu-m</b>, <i>a beginning</i> (<b>in</b>, √<b><em>i-</em></b>, <i>go</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec221" id = "sec221" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec221" href = "#formation_subst_action">221</a>.</b> <b>-iā-</b>, N. <b>-ia</b>: <b>fur-iā-</b>, N. <b>fur-iae</b>, plural, <i>ravings</i>, <i>madness</i> (√<b><em>fur-</em></b>, <i>rave</i>); @@ -5849,7 +5841,7 @@ only, often with concrete or passive meaning: <i>dēlic-iae</i>, <i>allure</i>); <b>excub-iae</b>, <i>patrol</i> (<b>ex</b>, √<b><em>cub-</em></b>, <i>lie</i>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec222" id = "sec222" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec222" href = "#formation_subst_action">222</a>.</b> <b>-iē-</b>, N. <b>-iē-s</b>, a variation of <b>-iā-</b>, usually denotes result (<a href = "#sec604">604</a>): <b>ser-iē-</b>, N. @@ -5858,7 +5850,7 @@ denotes result (<a href = "#sec604">604</a>): <b>ser-iē-</b>, N. <i>spy</i>, <i>see</i>); <b>pernic-iē-s</b>, <i>destruction</i> (<b>per</b>, √<b><em>nec-</em></b>, <i>murder</i>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec223" id = "sec223" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec223" href = "#formation_subst_action">223</a>.</b> <b>-t-iē-</b>, N. <b>-t-iē-s</b>: <b>permi-tiē-</b>, N. <b>permi-tiē-s</b>, <i>wasting away</i> (<b>per</b>, @@ -5870,7 +5862,7 @@ denotes result (<a href = "#sec604">604</a>): <b>ser-iē-</b>, N. class = "locked">-gin-</b> (<a href = "#sec105g">105, <i>g</i></a>) (N. <b class = "locked">-dō</b>, <b class = "locked">-gō</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec224" id = "sec224" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec224" href = "#formation_subst_action">224</a>.</b> <b>-min-</b>, N. <b>-men</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), usually active, occasionally passive, is very common; it sometimes denotes the @@ -5882,14 +5874,14 @@ means, instrument, or effect.</p> <i>what is inspected</i>, <i>sample</i> (√<b><em>spec-</em></b>, <i>spy</i>, <i>see</i>); <b>lū-men</b>, <i>light</i> (√<b><em>lūc-</em></b>, <i>light</i>); <b>flū-men</b>, <i>flood</i>, -<i>stream</i> (√<b><em>flugṷ-</em></b>, <i>flow</i>); <b>ag-men</b>, +<i>stream</i> (√<b><em>flugṷ-</em></b>, <i>flow</i>); <b>ag-men</b>, <i>what is led</i>, <i>train</i> (√<b><em>ag-</em></b>, <i>lead</i>). Words in <b class = "locked">-min-</b> often mean nearly the same as those in <b class = "locked">-mento-</b> (<a href = "#sec239">239</a>): as, <b>levā-men</b>, <b>levā-mentu-m</b>, <i>lightening</i>; <b>teg-umen</b>, <b>teg-umentu-m</b>, <i>covering</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec225" id = "sec225" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec225" href = "#formation_subst_action">225</a>.</b> <b>ē-din-</b>, <b>-ī-din-</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b class = "locked">-ē-din-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-ē-dō</b>: @@ -5900,7 +5892,7 @@ as, <b>levā-men</b>, <b>levā-mentu-m</b>, <i>lightening</i>; (√<b><em>cup-</em></b>, <i>desire</i>); <b>lib-idō</b>, <i>whim</i> (√<b><em>lib-</em></b>, <i>yearn</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec226" id = "sec226" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec226" href = "#formation_subst_action">226</a>.</b> <b>-ā-gin-</b>, <b>-ī-gin-</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b class = "locked">-ā-gin-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-ā-gō</b>: @@ -5918,7 +5910,7 @@ rust</i> (<b>aer-</b>).</p> <b>-ti-ōn-</b> or <b>-si-ōn-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-ti-ō</b> or <b class = "locked">-si-ō</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec227" id = "sec227" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec227" href = "#formation_subst_action">227</a>.</b> <b>-i-ōn-</b>, N. <b>-i-ō</b>: <b>opīn-iōn-</b>, N. <b>opīn-iō</b>, <i>notion</i> (<b>opīnā-rī</b>); <b>condic-iō</b>, <i>agreement</i> @@ -5928,7 +5920,7 @@ words are concrete: <b>leg-iō</b>, <i>pick</i>, <i>legion</i> (√<b><em>leg-</em></b>, <i>pick</i>). A few are denominatives: <b>commūn-iō</b>, <i>mutual participation</i> (<b>commūni-</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec228" id = "sec228" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec228" href = "#formation_subst_action">228</a>.</b> <b>-ti-ōn-</b>, N. <b>-ti-ō</b>, or <b>-si-ōn-</b>, N. <b>-si-ō</b> (<a href = "#sec159">159</a>, <a href = "#sec202">202</a>), is very common, @@ -5952,12 +5944,12 @@ at a levee</i> (<b>salūtā-re</b>); <b>mūnī-tiō</b>, (<b>mūnī-re</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page39" id = "page39"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page39"> 39</a></span> <p class = "header size5">(4.) <b>-ē-lā-</b> (N. <b>-ē-la</b>), <b>-tē-lā-</b> (N. <b>-tē-la</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec229" id = "sec229" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec229" href = "#formation_subst_action">229</a>.</b> <b>-ē-lā-</b>, N. <b>-ē-la</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>suādē-lā-</b>, N. <b>suādē-la</b>, <i>persuasion</i> @@ -5966,7 +5958,7 @@ at a levee</i> (<b>salūtā-re</b>); <b>mūnī-tiō</b>, (√<b><em>ques-</em></b>, <i>complain</i>). Some words are concrete: <b>candē-la</b>, <i>candle</i> (<b>candē-re</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec230" id = "sec230" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec230" href = "#formation_subst_action">230</a>.</b> <b>-tē-lā-</b>, N. <b>-tē-la-</b>: <b>conrup-tēlā-</b>, N. <b>conrup-tēla</b>, <i>a seduction</i> (<b>com-</b>, @@ -5979,7 +5971,7 @@ at a levee</i> (<b>salūtā-re</b>); <b>mūnī-tiō</b>, (N. <b>-na</b>); <b>-trī-nā-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-trī-na</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec231" id = "sec231" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec231" href = "#formation_subst_action">231</a>.</b> <b>-mā-</b> and <b>-nā-</b> are rare, and denote result or something concrete. <b class = "locked">-mā-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-ma</b>: @@ -5992,7 +5984,7 @@ with original suffix <b class = "locked">-sna</b> (<a href = (√<b><em>lūc-</em></b>, <i>light</i>); <b>scāla</b>, <i>stairs</i> (√<b><em>scand-</em></b>, <i>mount</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec232" id = "sec232" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec232" href = "#formation_subst_action">232</a>.</b> <b>-inā-</b>, N. <b>-ina</b>: <b>ang-inā-</b>, N. <b>ang-ina</b>, <i>choking</i> (√<b><em>ang-</em></b>, <i>choke</i>); <b>pāg-ina</b>, @@ -6004,7 +5996,7 @@ with original suffix <b class = "locked">-sna</b> (<a href = very common in denominatives: <b>pisc-īna</b>, <i>fish-pond</i> (<b>pisci-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec233" id = "sec233" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec233" href = "#formation_subst_action">233</a>.</b> <b>-trī-nā-</b>, N. <b>-trī-na</b>, akin to the agent in <b>-tōr-</b>: <b>doc-trīnā-</b>, N. <b>doc-trīna</b>, <i>teaching</i>, either <i>the @@ -6018,7 +6010,7 @@ trade</i>, <i>shoemaker’s shop</i> (√<b><em>sū-</em></b>, or <b>-sa</b>); <b>-tu-</b> or <b class = "locked">-su-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-tu-s</b> or <b class = "locked">-su-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec234" id = "sec234" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec234" href = "#formation_subst_action">234</a>.</b> <b>-tā-</b>, N. <b>-ta</b>, or <b>-sā-</b>, N. <b>-sa</b> (<a href = "#sec159">159</a>), is rare, and sometimes denotes result, or something @@ -6031,7 +6023,7 @@ title = ". invisible">no-</ins>tā-</b>, N. <b>no-ta</b>, <i>mark</i> <b>offēn-sa</b>, <i>offence</i> (<b>ob</b>, √<b><em>fend-</em></b>, <i>strike</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec235" id = "sec235" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec235" href = "#formation_subst_action">235</a>.</b> <b>-tu-</b>, N. <b>-tu-s</b>, or <b>-su-</b>, N. <b>-su-s</b> (<a href = "#sec159">159</a>, <a href = "#sec202">202</a>), denotes the action and @@ -6056,7 +6048,7 @@ defective in case, and are chiefly used in the ablative (<a href = <p class = "header size5">(7.) <b>-er-</b> for <b>-es-</b> (N. <b>-us</b>); <b>-ōr-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-or</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec236" id = "sec236" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec236" href = "#formation_subst_action">236</a>.</b> Neuter stems in <b>-er-</b> (for <b>-es-</b>), or in <b>-or-</b> (for <b class = "locked">-os-</b>), N. <b class = "locked">-us</b>, denote @@ -6074,7 +6066,7 @@ N. <b>vol-nus</b>, <i>wound</i> (√<b><em>vol-</em></b>, <i>tear</i>); <b>fac-inor-</b>, N. <b>fac-inus</b>, <i>deed</i> (√<b><em>fac-</em></b>, <i>do</i>, <a href = "#sec202">202</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec237" id = "sec237" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec237" href = "#formation_subst_action">237</a>.</b> <b>-ōr-</b> (for an older form <b>-ōs-</b>, <a href = "#sec154">154</a>), N. <b>-ōs</b>, commonly <b class = "locked">-or</b>, @@ -6083,7 +6075,7 @@ masculine, denotes a state. Many substantives in <b class = "locked">-ēre</b> (<a href = "#sec368">368</a>), and an adjective in <b class = "locked">-ido-</b> (<a href = "#sec287">287</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page40" id = "page40"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page40"> 40</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>od-ōr-</b>, N. <b>od-ōs</b> or <ins class = "correction" title = ", missing"><b>od-or</b>,</ins> <i>smell</i> @@ -6095,18 +6087,18 @@ class = "locked">-ido-</b> (<a href = "#sec287">287</a>).</p> (√<b><em>ang-</em></b>, <i>choke</i>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_subst_means" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_subst_means" href = "#formation_substantive_1">III. THE INSTRUMENT OR MEANS.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec238" id = "sec238" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec238" href = "#formation_subst_means">238</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-men-to-</b>, <b>-tro-</b>, <b>-cro-</b> or <b>-culo-</b>, <b class = "locked">-lo-</b>, <b class = "locked">-bro-</b> or <b class = "locked">-bulo-</b>, are used to denote the <i>Instrument</i> or <i>Means</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -6134,7 +6126,7 @@ the <i>Instrument</i> or <i>Means</i>: as,</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec239" id = "sec239" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec239" href = "#formation_subst_means">239</a>.</b> <b>-men-to-</b>, N. <b>-men-tu-m</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), is one of the commonest suffixes; it sometimes denotes result of action, @@ -6156,7 +6148,7 @@ rarely action itself.</p> (√<b><em>fulc-</em></b>, <i>prop</i>); <b>rā-menta</b>, <i>scraping</i> (√<b><em>rād-</em></b>, <i>scrape</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec240" id = "sec240" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec240" href = "#formation_subst_means">240</a>.</b> <b>-tro-</b>, N. <b>-tru-m</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>arā-tro-</b>, N. <b>arā-tru-m</b>, <i>plough</i> (<b>arā-re</b>); @@ -6172,7 +6164,7 @@ plural, <i>fen</i>, <i>jungle</i> (√<b><em>lu-</em></b>, <i>wash</i>); (√<b><em>mulg-</em></b>, <i>milk</i>). <b class = "locked">-es-trā-</b>: <b>fen-estra</b>, <i>window</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec241" id = "sec241" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec241" href = "#formation_subst_means">241</a>.</b> <b>-cro-</b>, N. <b>-cru-m</b>, used when an <b>l</b> precedes: <b>ful-cro-</b>, N. <b>ful-cru-m</b>, <i>couch-leg</i> @@ -6181,7 +6173,7 @@ sometimes denotes the place where: <b>ambulā-cru-m</b>, <i>promenade</i> (<b>ambulā-re</b>); sometimes the effect: <b>simulā-cru-m</b>, <i>likeness</i> (<b>simulā-re</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec242" id = "sec242" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec242" href = "#formation_subst_means">242</a>.</b> <b>-culo-</b>, N. <b>-culu-m</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>pō-culo-</b>, N. <b>pō-culu-m</b>, <i>cup</i> (√<b><em>pō-</em></b>, @@ -6191,7 +6183,7 @@ where: <b>cub-iculu-m</b>, <i>sleeping-room</i> (√<b><em>cub-</em></b>, <i>lie</i>); <b>cēnā-culu-m</b>, originally <i>dining-room</i>, usually <i>garret</i> (<b>cēnā-re</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec243" id = "sec243" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec243" href = "#formation_subst_means">243</a>.</b> <b>-u-lo-</b>, N. <b>-u-lu-m-</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): chiefly after <b>c</b> or <b>g</b>: <b>vinc-ulo-</b>, N. <b>vinc-ulu-m</b>, @@ -6200,7 +6192,7 @@ after <b>c</b> or <b>g</b>: <b>vinc-ulo-</b>, N. <b>vinc-ulu-m</b>, "locked">-u-lā-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-u-la</b>, F., <b>rēg-ula</b>, <i>rule</i> (√<b><em>rēg-</em></b>, <i>guide</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec244" id = "sec244" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec244" href = "#formation_subst_means">244</a>.</b> <b>-bro-</b>, N. <b>-bru-m</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>crī-bro-</b>, N. <b>crī-bru-m</b>, <i>sieve</i> @@ -6211,7 +6203,7 @@ after <b>c</b> or <b>g</b>: <b>vinc-ulo-</b>, N. <b>vinc-ulu-m</b>, <b>late-bra</b>, <i>hiding-place</i> (√<b><em>lat-</em></b>, <i>hide</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec245" id = "sec245" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec245" href = "#formation_subst_means">245</a>.</b> <b>-bulo-</b>, N. <b>-bulu-m</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>pā-bulo-</b>, N. <b>pā-bulu-m</b>, <i>fodder</i> @@ -6227,23 +6219,23 @@ N. <b class = "locked">-bula</b>, F., rare: <b>sū-bula</b>, <i>awl</i> (√<b><em>fā-</em></b>, <i>talk</i>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page41" id = "page41"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page41"> 41</a></span> -<p class = "header extended"><a name = "formation_substantive_2" id = +<p class = "header extended"><a id = "formation_substantive_2" href = "#formation_substantive">(B.) DENOMINATIVES.</a></p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_subst_quality" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_subst_quality" href = "#formation_substantive_2">I. THE QUALITY.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec246" id = "sec246" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec246" href = "#formation_subst_quality">246</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-io-</b>, <b>-iā-</b>; <b>-tā-</b>, <b>-tāt-</b>, <b class = "locked">-tūt-</b>, <b class = "locked">-tū-din-</b>, are used to denote the <i>Quality</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -6271,7 +6263,7 @@ to denote the <i>Quality</i>: as,</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec247" id = "sec247" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec247" href = "#formation_subst_quality">247</a>.</b> These abstracts are feminine, and come chiefly from adjectives or participles, except those in <b class = "locked">-io-</b>, which are @@ -6286,7 +6278,7 @@ takes two or more of these suffixes: as, <b>clāri-tāt-</b> or <b>-iā-</b> (N. <b>-ia</b>), <b>-iē-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-iēs</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec248" id = "sec248" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec248" href = "#formation_subst_quality">248</a>.</b> <b>-iē-</b> sometimes occurs as collateral form to <b>-iā-</b> (<a href = "#sec604">604</a>); <b class = "locked">-io-</b> or <b class = @@ -6295,7 +6287,7 @@ class = "locked">-t-io-</b>, <b class = "locked">-t-iā-</b> (<b class = "locked">-t-iē-</b>); <b class = "locked">-mōn-io-</b>, <b class = "locked">-mōn-iā-</b>; <b class = "locked">-cin-io-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec249" id = "sec249" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec249" href = "#formation_subst_quality">249</a>.</b> <b>-io-</b>, N. <b>-iu-m</b>, chiefly used in compounds, denotes <i>belonging to</i>, with a very wide range of meaning; many of these @@ -6305,7 +6297,7 @@ href = "#sec305">305</a>). Suffixed to personal names <b class = which gives rise to the name; this meaning sometimes passes over to that of result, relation of persons, collection of persons, or place.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec250" id = "sec250" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec250" href = "#formation_subst_quality">250</a>.</b> (<i>a.</i>) From simple noun stems: <b>sen-io-</b>, N. <b>sen-iu-m</b>, <i>feeble old age</i> (<b>sen-</b>); <b>somn-iu-m</b>, <i>dream</i> @@ -6315,7 +6307,7 @@ plural, <i>rattle</i> (<b>*crepundo-</b>); <b>mendāc-iu-m</b>, <i>lie</i> (<b>mendāci-</b>); <b>sōlāc-iu-m</b>, <i>comfort</i> (<b>*sōlāci-</b>, <i>comforting</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec251" id = "sec251" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec251" href = "#formation_subst_quality">251</a>.</b> (<i>b.</i>) Direct compounds (<a href = "#sec377">377</a>): <b>aequinoct-iu-m</b>, <i>equinox</i> (<b>aequo-</b>, <b>nocti-</b>); @@ -6323,7 +6315,7 @@ plural, <i>rattle</i> (<b>*crepundo-</b>); <b>mendāc-iu-m</b>, <b>tabernā-</b>); <b>prīvilēg-iu-m</b>, <i>special enactment</i> (<b>prīvo-</b>, <b>lēg-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec252" id = "sec252" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec252" href = "#formation_subst_quality">252</a>.</b> (<i>c.</i>) Indirect compounds (<a href = "#sec377">377</a>), chiefly from personal names: <b>cōnsil-iu-m</b>, <i>deliberating together</i>, @@ -6336,28 +6328,28 @@ auspices</i>, <i>auspices taken</i> (<b>auspic-</b>); <b>rēmig-iu-m</b>, (<b>*aedific-</b>, <i>builder</i>); <b>perfug-iu-m</b>, <i>asylum</i> (<b>perfugā-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec253" id = "sec253" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec253" href = "#formation_subst_quality">253</a>.</b> <b>-t-io-</b> N. <b>-t-iu-m</b>, rare: <b>servi-tio-</b>, N. <b>servi-tiu-m</b>, <i>slavery</i>, <i>slaves</i> (<b>servo-</b>); <b>calvi-tiu-m</b>, <i>baldness</i> (<b>calvo-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec254" id = "sec254" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec254" href = "#formation_subst_quality">254</a>.</b> <b>-mōn-io-</b>, N. <b>-mōn-iu-m</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>testi-mōnio-</b>, N. <b>testi-mōniu-m</b>, <i>evidence</i> (<b>testi-</b>); <b>mātr-imōniu-m</b>, <i>marriage</i> (<b>mātr-</b>); <b>patr-imōniu-m</b>, <i>patrimony</i> (<b>patr-</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page42" id = "page42"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page42"> 42</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec255" id = "sec255" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec255" href = "#formation_subst_quality">255</a>.</b> <b>-cin-io-</b>, N. <b>-cin-iu-m</b>, rare: <b>latrō-cinio-</b>, N. <b>latrō-ciniu-m</b>, <i>robbery</i> (<b>latrōn-</b>); <b>patrō-ciniu-m</b>, <i>protection</i> (<b>patrōno-</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec256" id = "sec256" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec256" href = "#formation_subst_quality">256</a>.</b> <b>-iā-</b>, N. <b>-ia</b>, is very common indeed, forming abstracts from nouns, mostly adjectives or present participles.</p> @@ -6370,13 +6362,13 @@ from nouns, mostly adjectives or present participles.</p> (<b>victōr-</b>); <b>māter-ia</b>, <i>timber</i> (<b>māter-</b>); <b>custōd-ia</b>, <i>guard</i> (<b>custōd-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec257" id = "sec257" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec257" href = "#formation_subst_quality">257</a>.</b> <b>-iē-</b>, N. <b>-iē-s</b>: <b>pauper-iē-</b>, N. <b>pauper-iē-s</b>, <i>moderate means</i> (<b>pauper-</b>). Most stems in <b class = "locked">-iē-</b> are primitive (<a href = "#sec222">222</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec258" id = "sec258" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec258" href = "#formation_subst_quality">258</a>.</b> <b>-t-iā-</b>, N. <b>-t-ia</b>, is suffixed to a few adjective stems, chiefly in <b class = "locked">-o-</b>: <b>iūsti-tiā-</b>, N. @@ -6385,14 +6377,14 @@ chiefly in <b class = "locked">-o-</b>: <b>iūsti-tiā-</b>, N. <i>shamefastness</i> (<b>pudīco-</b>); <b>trīsti-tia</b>, <i>sadness</i> (<b>trīsti-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec259" id = "sec259" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec259" href = "#formation_subst_quality">259</a>.</b> <b>-t-iē-</b>, N. <b>-t-iē-s</b>, particularly as a collateral form of <b class = "locked">-t-iā-</b> in the N., Ac., and Ab. singular (<a href = "#sec604">604</a>): <b>molli-tiē-</b>, N. <b>molli-tiē-s</b>, <i>softness</i> (<b>molli-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec260" id = "sec260" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec260" href = "#formation_subst_quality">260</a>.</b> <b>-mōn-iā-</b>, N. <b>-mōn-ia</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>ācri-mōniā-</b>, N. <b>ācri-mōnia</b>, <i>sharpness</i> @@ -6407,13 +6399,13 @@ Analogously from roots, <b>quer-imōnia</b>, <i>complaint</i> "locked">-tū-s</b>), <b class = "locked">-tū-din-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-tū-dō</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec261" id = "sec261" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec261" href = "#formation_subst_quality">261</a>.</b> <b>-tā-</b>, N. <b>-ta</b>: chiefly poetic: <b>iuven-tā-</b>, N. <b>iuven-ta</b>, <i>youth</i> (<b>iuven-</b>); <b>senec-ta</b>, <i>age</i> (<b>sen-ec-</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec262" id = "sec262" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec262" href = "#formation_subst_quality">262</a>.</b> <b>-tāt-</b>, N. <b>-tā-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), is one of the very commonest suffixes.</p> @@ -6434,7 +6426,7 @@ the very commonest suffixes.</p> <b>tempes-tā-s</b>, <i>kind of time</i>, <i>weather</i> (<b>tempes-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec263" id = "sec263" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec263" href = "#formation_subst_quality">263</a>.</b> <b>-tūt-</b>, N. <b>-tū-s</b>, only in <b>iuven-tūt-</b>, N. <b>iuven-tū-s</b>, <i>youth</i> (<b>iuven-</b>), <b>senec-tū-s</b>, @@ -6442,7 +6434,7 @@ the very commonest suffixes.</p> (<b>servo-</b>), and <b>vir-tū-s</b>, <i>manhood</i> (<b>viro-</b>, <a href = "#sec111">111</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec264" id = "sec264" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec264" href = "#formation_subst_quality">264</a>.</b> <b>-tū-din-</b>, N. <b>-tū-dō</b>, suffixed to adjective stems: <b>magni-tūdin-</b>, N. <b>magni-tūdō</b>, <i>greatness</i> @@ -6453,17 +6445,17 @@ to a few participles: <b>cōnsuē-tūdō</b>, <i>custom</i> <i>health</i> (<b>*valēto-</b>, <b>valēre</b>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_subst_person" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_subst_person" href = "#formation_substantive_2">II. THE PERSON CONCERNED.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec265" id = "sec265" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec265" href = "#formation_subst_person">265</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-ārio-</b>, <b>-ōn-</b>, <b>-iōn-</b>, <b>-li-</b>, <b class = "locked">-no-</b>, and some others, are used to denote the <i>Person concerned</i> or <i>occupied</i> with a thing: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -6496,19 +6488,19 @@ class = "locked">-no-</b>, and some others, are used to denote the </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page43" id = "page43"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page43"> 43</a></span> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_subst_place" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_subst_place" href = "#formation_substantive_2">III. THE PLACE.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec266" id = "sec266" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec266" href = "#formation_subst_place">266</a>.</b> Neuters with the suffixes <b>-tōrio-</b>, <b>-ārio-</b>, <b>-īli-</b>, <b class = "locked">-to-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-ēto-</b> are often used to denote the <i>Place</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -6536,23 +6528,23 @@ used to denote the <i>Place</i>: as,</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_subst_dim" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_subst_dim" href = "#formation_substantive_2">IV. DIMINUTIVES.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec267" id = "sec267" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec267" href = "#formation_subst_dim">267</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-lo-</b>, <b>-lā-</b>, or <b>-cu-lo-</b>, <b>-cu-lā-</b>, are used to form substantives with a <i>Diminutive</i> meaning. Diminutives may denote:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec268" id = "sec268" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec268" href = "#formation_subst_dim">268</a>.</b> (1.) Actual smallness: as, <b>secūricula</b>, <i>a little hatchet</i>; <b>ventulus</b>, <i>a bit of wind</i>; <b>spēcula</b>, <i>a ray of hope</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec269" id = "sec269" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec269" href = "#formation_subst_dim">269</a>.</b> (2.) Imputed smallness: implying, (<i>a.</i>) admiration, affection, or compassion; (<i>b.</i>) contempt or irony. This diminutive, which @@ -6578,7 +6570,7 @@ lucre</i>; <b>mercēdula</b>, <i>an apology for pay</i>; <b>ratiuncula</b>, <i>a first rate reason</i>; <b>caupōnula</b>, <i>a low tavern</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec270" id = "sec270" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec270" href = "#formation_subst_dim">270</a>.</b> Some diminutives have entirely lost the diminutive meaning: as, <b>puella</b>, <i>girl</i>, not necessarily <i>little girl</i>; others @@ -6593,7 +6585,7 @@ the gender of their primitives; exceptions are rare: as, <b>rāna</b>, <p class = "header size5">(1.) <b>-lo-</b> (N., M. <b>-lu-s</b>, Ne. <b>-lu-m</b>), <b>-lā-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-la</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec271" id = "sec271" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec271" href = "#formation_subst_dim">271</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-o-</b>, <b>-ā-</b>, or a mute (<b>-g-</b>, <b>-c-</b>, <b class = "locked">-d-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-t-</b>), take <b class @@ -6610,9 +6602,9 @@ saw</i> (<b>serrā-</b>); <b>rēg-ulu-s</b>, <i>chieftain</i> <i>a grandson dear</i> (<b>nepōt-</b>); <b>aetāt-ula</b>, <i>tender age</i> (<b>aetāt-</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page44" id = "page44"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page44"> 44</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec272" id = "sec272" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec272" href = "#formation_subst_dim">272</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-eo-</b>, <b>-io-</b>, or <b>-vo-</b>, retain <b>-o-</b> before <b class = "locked">-lo-</b>; stems in <b class = @@ -6628,7 +6620,7 @@ squeamishness</i> (<b>nauseā-</b>); <b>bēstio-la</b>, <i>little animal</i> (<b>bēstiā-</b>); <b>fīlio-la</b>, <i>little daughter</i> (<b>fīliā-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec273" id = "sec273" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec273" href = "#formation_subst_dim">273</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-lo-</b>, <b>-ro-</b>, <b>-no-</b>, and <b>-lā-</b>, <b class = "locked">-rā-</b>, <b class = "locked">-nā-</b>, commonly drop @@ -6647,7 +6639,7 @@ story</i> (<b>fābulā-</b>); <b>umbel-la</b>, <i>sunshade</i> few words are not thus changed: <b>pueru-lo-</b>, N. <b>pueru-lu-s</b>, <i>poor boy</i> (<b>puero-</b>), as well as <b>puel-lu-s</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec274" id = "sec274" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec274" href = "#formation_subst_dim">274</a>.</b> Another vowel than <b>e</b> (<a href = "#sec172">172</a>, <a href = "#sec3">3</a>) appears in: <b>Hispāl-lu-s</b> (<b>Hispāno-</b>), @@ -6663,7 +6655,7 @@ name; <b>lapil-lu-s</b>, for <b>*lapid-lu-s</b>, <i>pebble</i> Ne. <b>-cu-lu-m</b>), <b class = "locked">-cu-lā-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-cu-la</b>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec275" id = "sec275" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec275" href = "#formation_subst_dim">275</a>.</b> Stems in a continuous sound (<b>-l-</b>, <b>-n-</b>, <b>-r-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-s-</b>), or in <b class = "locked">-i-</b>, <b class = @@ -6683,7 +6675,7 @@ class = "locked">-s-</b>), or in <b class = "locked">-i-</b>, <b class = Rarely with <b>ī</b>: <b>canī-cula</b>, <i>little dog</i> (<b>can-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec276" id = "sec276" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec276" href = "#formation_subst_dim">276</a>.</b> <b>-un-culo-</b>, N. <b>-un-culu-s</b>: <b>av-unculo-</b>, N. <b>av-unculu-s</b>, <i>uncle</i> (<b>avo-</b>); <b>rān-unculu-s</b>, @@ -6691,13 +6683,13 @@ Rarely with <b>ī</b>: <b>canī-cula</b>, <i>little dog</i> class = "locked">-un-cula</b>: <b>dom-unculā-</b>, N. <b>dom-uncula</b>, <i>little house</i> (<b>domo-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec277" id = "sec277" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec277" href = "#formation_subst_dim">277</a>.</b> Diminutives are sometimes formed from other diminutives: <b>cistel-lu-la</b>, <i>casket</i> (<b>cistel-la</b>, <b>cistu-la</b>, <b>cistā-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec278" id = "sec278" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec278" href = "#formation_subst_dim">278</a>.</b> A few other suffixes have a diminutive meaning: as, <b>-ciōn-</b>, <b class = "locked">-leo-</b>, <b class = "locked">-astro-</b>, <b class = @@ -6708,11 +6700,11 @@ dust</i> (<b>homon-</b>); <b>acu-leu-s</b>, <i>sting</i> (<b>acu-</b>); <b>Pōlli-tta</b>, <i>little Polla</i> (<b>Pōllā-</b>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_subst_patro" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_subst_patro" href = "#formation_substantive_2">V. PATRONYMICS.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec279" id = "sec279" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec279" href = "#formation_subst_patro">279</a>.</b> Patronymics, or proper names which denote descent from a father or ancestor, have stems in <b class = "locked">-dā-</b> (N. <b class = @@ -6729,17 +6721,17 @@ of Priam’s house</i>; <b>Tantali-d-</b>, N. <b>Tantali-s</b>, (<b>Neptūno-</b>); <b>Acrisiōnē</b> (<b>Acrisio-</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page45" id = "page45"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page45"> 45</a></span> -<h6 class = "extended"><a name = "formation_adjective" id = +<h6 class = "extended"><a id = "formation_adjective" href = "#formation_noun">II. THE ADJECTIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "header extended"><a name = "formation_adjective_1" id = +<p class = "header extended"><a id = "formation_adjective_1" href = "#formation_adjective">(A.) PRIMITIVES.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec280" id = "sec280" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec280" href = "#formation_adjective_1">280</a>.</b> Primitive adjectives may usually be divided into active and passive; but the same suffix often has either an active or a passive meaning. Under @@ -6747,17 +6739,17 @@ primitive adjectives belong the participles; but these will be mentioned in connection with the verb.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_adj_active" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_adj_active" href = "#formation_adjective_1">I. WITH AN ACTIVE MEANING.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec281" id = "sec281" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec281" href = "#formation_adj_active">281</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-o-</b>, <b>-uo-</b>, <b>-ci-</b>, <b>-lo-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-do-</b>, are used to form adjectives with an <i>Active</i> meaning: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -6788,7 +6780,7 @@ class = "locked">-do-</b>, are used to form adjectives with an <p class = "header size5">(1.) <b>-o-</b> (N. <b>-u-s</b>); <b>-uo-</b> (N. <b>-uu-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec282" id = "sec282" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec282" href = "#formation_adj_active">282</a>.</b> <b>-o-</b> (N. <b>-u-s</b>): such words express nature or capacity: <b>vag-o-</b>, N. <b>vag-u-s</b>, <i>roaming</i> (√<b><em>vag-</em></b>, @@ -6799,7 +6791,7 @@ class = "locked">-do-</b>, are used to form adjectives with an √<b><em>fug-</em></b>, <i>fly</i>). Passive: <b>fīd-u-s</b>, <i>trustworthy</i> (√<b><em>fīd-</em></b>, <i>trust</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec283" id = "sec283" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec283" href = "#formation_adj_active">283</a>.</b> <b>-uo-</b>, N. <b>-uu-s</b>: <b>adsid-uo-</b>, N. <b>adsid-uu-s</b>, <i>unremitting</i> (<b>ad</b>, √<b><em>sed-</em></b>, <i>sit</i>); @@ -6817,7 +6809,7 @@ class = "locked">-do-</b>, are used to form adjectives with an (N. <b>-lu-s</b>); <b>-do-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-du-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec284" id = "sec284" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec284" href = "#formation_adj_active">284</a>.</b> <b>-ā-ci-</b>, N. <b>-ā-x</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), denotes capacity, habit, or inclination, often implying censure: @@ -6828,7 +6820,7 @@ capacity, habit, or inclination, often implying censure: (√<b><em>dic-</em></b>, <i>say</i>); <b>rap-āx</b>, <i>apt to snatch</i> (√<b><em>rap-</em></b>, <i>snatch</i>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec285" id = "sec285" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec285" href = "#formation_adj_active">285</a>.</b> <b>-u-lo-</b>, N. <b>-u-lu-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), denotes simple action: as, <b>pat-ulo-</b>, N. <b>pat-ulu-s</b>, @@ -6836,13 +6828,13 @@ simple action: as, <b>pat-ulo-</b>, N. <b>pat-ulu-s</b>, as, <b>bib-ulu-s</b>, <i>apt to drink</i> (√<b><em>bib-</em></b>, <i>drink</i>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec286" id = "sec286" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec286" href = "#formation_adj_active">286</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-undo-</b> (<b>-endo-</b>), <b>-bundo-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-cundo-</b> form a group and are possibly related to the suffix in <b class = "locked">-do-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec287" id = "sec287" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec287" href = "#formation_adj_active">287</a>.</b> <b>-do-</b>, N. <b>-du-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), denotes a state, and usually has a parallel verb in <b class = "locked">-ēre</b> @@ -6858,9 +6850,9 @@ state, and usually has a parallel verb in <b class = "locked">-ēre</b> "locked">-do-</b> sometimes occurs in denominatives: <b>herbi-du-s</b>, <i>grassy</i> (<b>herbā-</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page46" id = "page46"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page46"> 46</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec288" id = "sec288" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec288" href = "#formation_adj_active">288</a>.</b> <b>-undo-</b> (<b>-endo-</b>), N. <b>-undu-s</b>, (<b>-endu-s</b>) is the suffix of the gerundive, which was originally neither active nor @@ -6871,7 +6863,7 @@ which have become adjectives, it has a reflexive or active meaning: <b>sec-undu-s</b>, <i>following</i> (<b>sequī</b>); <b>volv-endu-s</b>, <i>rolling</i> (<i>volvī</i>). See <a href = "#sec899">899</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec289" id = "sec289" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec289" href = "#formation_adj_active">289</a>.</b> <b>-bundo-</b>, N. <b>-bundu-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), has the meaning of an exaggerated present participle: <b>freme-bundo-</b>, @@ -6884,7 +6876,7 @@ with rage</i> (√<b><em>fur-</em></b>, <i>rave</i>); (<b>minitā-rī</b>); <b>vītā-bundu-s</b>, <i>forever dodging</i> (<b>vītā-re</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec290" id = "sec290" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec290" href = "#formation_adj_active">290</a>.</b> <b>-cundo-</b>, N. <b>-cundu-s</b>, denotes permanent quality: <b>fā-cundo-</b>, N. <b>fā-cundu-s</b>, <i>eloquent</i> @@ -6893,17 +6885,17 @@ with rage</i> (√<b><em>fur-</em></b>, <i>rave</i>); <i>interesting</i> (√<b><em>iuv-</em></b>, <i>help</i>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_adj_passive" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_adj_passive" href = "#formation_adjective_1">II. WITH A PASSIVE MEANING.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec291" id = "sec291" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec291" href = "#formation_adj_passive">291</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-li-</b>, <b>-ti-li-</b>, <b>-bili-</b>, <b>-tīvo-</b>, <b class = "locked">-no-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-mino-</b>, are used to form adjectives with a <i>Passive</i> meaning: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -6935,7 +6927,7 @@ used to form adjectives with a <i>Passive</i> meaning: as,</p> <b>-ti-li-</b>, <b>-bili-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-ti-li-s</b>, <b class = "locked">-bili-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec292" id = "sec292" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec292" href = "#formation_adj_passive">292</a>.</b> <b>-i-li-</b>, N. <b>-i-li-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), denotes passive capability: <b>fac-ili-</b>, N. <b>fac-ili-s</b>, <i>easy to @@ -6945,7 +6937,7 @@ do</i> (√<b><em>fac-</em></b>, <i>do</i>); <b>frag-ili-s</b>, (√<b><em>hab-</em></b>, <i>hold</i>); <b>nūb-ili-s</b>, <i>marriageable</i> (√<b><em>nūb-</em></b>, <i>veil</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec293" id = "sec293" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec293" href = "#formation_adj_passive">293</a>.</b> <b>-ti-li-</b>, N. <b>-ti-li-s</b>, or <b>-si-li-</b>, N. <b>-si-li-s</b> (<a href = "#sec159">159</a>), denotes capability or @@ -6956,7 +6948,7 @@ drawn out</i>, <i>ductile</i> (√<b><em>duc-</em></b>, <i>draw</i>); <i>scrape</i>). Rarely active: as, <b>fer-tili-s</b>, <i>productive</i> (√<b><em>fer-</em></b>, <i>bear</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec294" id = "sec294" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec294" href = "#formation_adj_passive">294</a>.</b> <b>-bili-</b>, N. <b>-bili-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), denotes passive capability like <b class = "locked">-i-li-</b>, but is far more @@ -6970,7 +6962,7 @@ common: <b>horr-ibili-s</b>, <i>exciting a shudder</i> "#sec159">159</a>), passive, rare: <b>flexibili-s</b>, <i>flexible</i> (√<b><em>flec-</em></b>, <i>bend</i>, <a href = "#sec960">960</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec295" id = "sec295" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec295" href = "#formation_adj_passive">295</a>.</b> <b>-tīvo-</b>, N. <b>-tīvu-s</b>, denotes the way a thing originated: as, <b>cap-tīvu-s</b>, <i>captive</i> (√<b><em>cap-</em></b>, @@ -6981,7 +6973,7 @@ as, <b>cap-tīvu-s</b>, <i>captive</i> (√<b><em>cap-</em></b>, <p class = "header size5">(2.) <b>-no-</b> (N. <b>-nu-s</b>); <b>-mino-</b> (N. <b>-minu-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec296" id = "sec296" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec296" href = "#formation_adj_passive">296</a>.</b> <b>-no-</b>, N. <b>-nu-s</b>, an old passive participle suffix, denotes result: <b>mag-nu-s</b> (<i>enlarged</i>), <i>great</i> @@ -6991,9 +6983,9 @@ result: <b>mag-nu-s</b> (<i>enlarged</i>), <i>great</i> Sometimes active: <b>egē-nu-s</b>, <i>needy</i> (<b>egē-re</b>, <a href = "#sec192">192</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page47" id = "page47"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page47"> 47</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec297" id = "sec297" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec297" href = "#formation_adj_passive">297</a>.</b> The suffix <b>-mino-</b> (for <b>-meno-</b>, <a href = "#sec103a">103, <i>a</i></a>) in its weakest form (<a href = @@ -7006,11 +6998,11 @@ would seem to be an ablative; <b class = "locked">-minī</b> may be a nominative plural.</p> -<p class = "header extended"><a name = "formation_adjective_2" id = +<p class = "header extended"><a id = "formation_adjective_2" href = "#formation_adjective">(B.) DENOMINATIVES.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec298" id = "sec298" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec298" href = "#formation_adjective_2">298</a>.</b> Denominative adjectives may be divided into such as denote: I. <i>Material</i> or <i>Resemblance</i>. II. <i>Appurtenance</i>: implying @@ -7019,16 +7011,16 @@ sometimes <i>possession</i>, often <i>fitness</i>, <i>conformity</i>, V. Comparatives and Superlatives; a few of these are primitive.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_adj_material" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_adj_material" href = "#formation_adjective_2">I. MATERIAL OR RESEMBLANCE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec299" id = "sec299" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec299" href = "#formation_adj_material">299</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-eo-</b> and <b>-n-eo-</b> are used to form adjectives denoting <i>Material</i> or <i>Resemblance</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -7046,7 +7038,7 @@ denoting <i>Material</i> or <i>Resemblance</i>: as,</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec300" id = "sec300" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec300" href = "#formation_adj_material">300</a>.</b> <b>-eo-</b>, N. <b>-eu-s</b>: <b>aur-eo-</b>, N. <b>aur-eu-s</b>, <i>golden</i>, <i>all gold</i>, <i>as good as gold</i> (<b>auro-</b>); @@ -7054,7 +7046,7 @@ denoting <i>Material</i> or <i>Resemblance</i>: as,</p> <i>all dust</i> (<b>pulver-</b>); <b>virgin-eu-s</b>, <i>girlish</i> (<b>virgin-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec301" id = "sec301" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec301" href = "#formation_adj_material">301</a>.</b> <b>-n-eo-</b>, N. <b>-n-eu-s</b>: <b>ahē-neu-s</b>, <i>bronze</i> (<b>ahē-</b>, <a href = "#sec58">58</a>; <b>aes-</b>); @@ -7066,11 +7058,11 @@ denoting <i>Material</i> or <i>Resemblance</i>: as,</p> (<b>miscello-</b>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_adj_appurt" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_adj_appurt" href = "#formation_adjective_2">II. APPURTENANCE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec302" id = "sec302" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec302" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">302</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-o-</b>, <b>-io-</b>, <b>-vo-</b>; <b>-timo-</b>, <b class = "locked">-li-</b>, <b class = "locked">-no-</b>; <b class = @@ -7079,7 +7071,7 @@ class = "locked">-li-</b>, <b class = "locked">-no-</b>; <b class = "locked">-ti-</b>, <b class = "locked">-si-</b>, are used to form adjectives denoting <i>Belonging to</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -7121,22 +7113,22 @@ adjectives denoting <i>Belonging to</i>: as,</p> (N. <b>-iu-s</b>), <b>-vo-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-vu-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec303" id = "sec303" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec303" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">303</a>.</b> <b>-o-</b>, N. <b>-u-s</b>: <b>decōr-o-</b>, N. <b>decōr-u-s</b>, <i>becoming</i> (<b>decōr-</b>); <b>canōr-u-s</b>, <i>melodious</i> (<b>canōr-</b>); <b>pervius</b>, <i>passable</i> (<b>via-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec304" id = "sec304" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec304" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">304</a>.</b> <b>-io-</b> is one of the commonest suffixes, and is often added to other suffixes; thus: <b class = "locked">-c-io-</b>, <b class = "locked">-īc-io-</b>; <b class = "locked">-tōr-io-</b> (<b class = "locked">-sōr-io-</b>); <b class = "locked">-ār-io-</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page48" id = "page48"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page48"> 48</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec305" id = "sec305" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec305" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">305</a>.</b> <b>-io-</b>, N. <b>-iu-s</b>: <b>rēg-io-</b>, N. <b>rēg-iu-s</b>, <i>of</i> or <i>like a king</i> (<b>rēg-</b>); <b>patr-iu-s</b>, <i>of a @@ -7149,7 +7141,7 @@ used: <b>plēbē-iu-s</b>, <i>of the commons</i> (<b>plēbē-</b>). <b class = "locked">-io-</b> is rare in primitives: <b>exim-iu-s</b>, <i>select</i> (<b>ex</b>, √<b><em>em-</em></b>, <i>take</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec306" id = "sec306" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec306" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">306</a>.</b> <b>-c-io-</b>, N. <b>-c-iu-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>aedīli-cio</b>, N. <b>aedīli-ciu-s</b>, <i>of an aedile</i> @@ -7157,7 +7149,7 @@ used: <b>plēbē-iu-s</b>, <i>of the commons</i> (<b>plēbē-</b>). <b class (<b>patr-</b>); <b>later-iciu-s</b>, <i>of brick</i> (<b>later-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec307" id = "sec307" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec307" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">307</a>.</b> <b>-īc-io-</b>, N. <b>-īc-iu-s</b>: <b>nov-īcio-</b>, N. <b>nov-īciu-s</b>, <i>new</i>, <i>new-comer</i> (<b>novo-</b>); @@ -7167,7 +7159,7 @@ suffixed to perfect participles to denote the quality derived from the past act: <b>conduct-īciu-s</b>, <i>hired</i> (<b>conducto-</b>); <b>trālāt-īciu-s</b>, <i>transferred</i> (<b>trālāto-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec308" id = "sec308" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec308" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">308</a>.</b> <b>-tōr-io-</b>, N. <b>-tōr-iu-s</b>, or <b>-sōr-io-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-sōr-iu-s</b>, from the agent (<a href = "#sec205">205</a>) in @@ -7179,7 +7171,7 @@ commonest ending with <b class = "locked">-io-</b>: (<b>audītōr-</b>); <b>dēvor-sōriu-m</b>, <i>inn</i> (<b>dēvorsōr-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec309" id = "sec309" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec309" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">309</a>.</b> <b>-ār-io-</b>, N. <b>-ār-iu-s</b>, very common, is chiefly added to substantives: as, <b>agr-ārio-</b>, N. <b>agr-āriu-s</b>, <i>of land</i> @@ -7190,7 +7182,7 @@ substantives: as, <b>agr-ārio-</b>, N. <b>agr-āriu-s</b>, <i>of land</i> <b>bell-āria</b>, plural, <i>goodies</i>, <i>bonbons</i> (<b>bello-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec310" id = "sec310" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec310" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">310</a>.</b> <b>-ī-vo-</b>, N. <b>-ī-vu-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>tempest-īvu-s</b>, <i>seasonable</i> (<b>tempestāt-</b>, <a href = @@ -7202,7 +7194,7 @@ See <a href = "#sec179">179</a>.</p> <b>-li-</b> (N. <b>-li-s</b>); <b class = "locked">-no-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-nu-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec311" id = "sec311" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec311" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">311</a>.</b> <b>-timo-</b>, N. <b>-timu-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), for an older <b class = "locked">-tumo-</b> (<a href = "#sec28">28</a>): @@ -7210,7 +7202,7 @@ older <b class = "locked">-tumo-</b> (<a href = "#sec28">28</a>): (<b>mari-</b>); <b>fīni-timu-s</b>, <i>of the border</i> (<b>fīni-</b>); <b>lēg-itimu-s</b>, <i>lawful</i> (<b>lēg-</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec312" id = "sec312" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec312" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">312</a>.</b> <b>-li-</b> N. <b>-li-s</b>: <b>humi-li-</b>, N. <b>humi-li-s</b>, <i>lowly</i> (<b>humo-</b>); but almost always in denominatives <b class @@ -7220,7 +7212,7 @@ older <b class = "locked">-tumo-</b> (<a href = "#sec28">28</a>): "locked">-ā-ri-</b>), <b class = "locked">-ī-li</b>; <b class = "locked">-ē-li-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ū-li-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec313" id = "sec313" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec313" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">313</a>.</b> <b>-ā-li-</b>, N. <b>-ā-li-s</b>: <b>rēg-āli-</b>, N. <b>rēg-āli-s</b>, <i>kingly</i> (<b>rēg-</b>); <b>decemvir-āli-s</b>, <i>of a decemvir</i> @@ -7237,7 +7229,7 @@ mill</i> (<b>molā-</b>); <b>mīlit-āri-s</b>, <i>of a soldier</i> <b>anim-al</b>, <i>breathing thing</i> (<b>animā-</b>); <b>calc-ar</b>, <i>spur</i> (<b>calci-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec314" id = "sec314" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec314" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">314</a>.</b> <b>-ī-li-</b>, N. <b>-ī-li-s</b>: <b>cīv-īli-</b>, N. <b>cīv-īli-s</b>, <i>of a citizen</i> (<b>cīvi-</b>); <b>puer-ili-s</b>, <i>boyish</i> @@ -7245,7 +7237,7 @@ mill</i> (<b>molā-</b>); <b>mīlit-āri-s</b>, <i>of a soldier</i> where (<a href = "#sec266">266</a>): <b>ov-īle</b>, <i>sheepfold</i> (<b>ovi-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec315" id = "sec315" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec315" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">315</a>.</b> <b>-ē-li</b>, N. <b>-ē-li-s</b>: <b>fidē-li-</b>, N. <b>fidē-li-s</b>, <i>faithful</i> (<b>fidē-</b>); <b>crūd-ēli-s</b>, <i>cruel</i> @@ -7254,9 +7246,9 @@ class = "locked">-ū-li-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-ū-li-s</b>: <b>tribū-li-</b>, N. <b>tribū-li-s</b>, <i>tribesman</i> (<b>tribu-</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page49" id = "page49"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page49"> 49</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec316" id = "sec316" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec316" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">316</a>.</b> The old participle suffix <b>-no-</b> (<a href = "#sec296">296</a>) is sometimes added at once to noun stems, sometimes to other suffixes: @@ -7264,7 +7256,7 @@ thus, <b class = "locked">-ā-no-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ī-no-</b>; <b class = "locked">-ti-no-</b>, <b class = "locked">-tī-no-</b>; <b class = "locked">-er-no-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ur-no-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec317" id = "sec317" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec317" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">317</a>.</b> <b>-no-</b>, N. <b>-nu-s</b>, is added to stems formed with the comparative suffix <b class = "locked">-ero-</b> or <b class = @@ -7276,9 +7268,9 @@ very few substantives: as, <b>pater-nu-s</b>, <i>fatherly</i> (<b>patr-</b>); <b>frāter-nu-s</b>, <i>brotherly</i> (<b>frātr-</b>); <b>vēr-nu-s</b>, <i>of spring</i> (<b>vēr-</b>). Also to cardinals, making distributives: as, <b>bī-nī</b>, <i>two by two</i> (for -<b>*dṷīnī</b>, <b>duo-</b>, <a href = "#sec161">161</a>).</p> +<b>*dṷīnī</b>, <b>duo-</b>, <a href = "#sec161">161</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec318" id = "sec318" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec318" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">318</a>.</b> <b>-ā-no-</b>, N. <b>-ā-nu-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>arcā-no-</b>, N. <b>arc-ānu-s</b>, <i>secret</i> (<b>arcā-</b>); @@ -7289,7 +7281,7 @@ town</i> (<b>oppido-</b>). <b class = "locked">-i-āno-</b>: <b class = "locked">-ā-neo-</b>: <b>mediterrā-neu-s</b>, <i>midland</i> (<b>medio-</b>, <b>terrā-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec319" id = "sec319" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec319" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">319</a>.</b> <b>-ī-no-</b>, N. <b>-ī-nu-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>mar-īno-</b>, N. <b>mar-īnu-s</b>, <i>of the sea</i>; @@ -7301,21 +7293,21 @@ to proper names: as, <b>Plaut-īno-</b>, N. <b>Plaut-īnu-s</b>, <i>of Plautus</i> (<b>Plauto-</b>); <b>Alp-īnu-s</b>, <i>Alpine</i> (<b>Alpi-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec320" id = "sec320" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec320" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">320</a>.</b> <b>-ti-no-</b>, N. <b>-ti-nu-s</b>, is used in some adjectives of time: <b>crās-tinu-s</b>, <i>to-morrow’s</i> (<b>crās-</b>); <b>diū-tinu-s</b>, <i>lasting</i> (<b>diū</b>); <b>prīs-tinu-s</b>, <i>of aforetime</i> (<b>prī-</b>, <b>prae</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec321" id = "sec321" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec321" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">321</a>.</b> <b>-tī-no-</b>, N. <b>-tī-nu-s</b>, is used in a few words of place and time: <b>intes-tīno-</b>, N. <b>intes-tinu-s</b>, <i>inward</i> (<b>intus</b>); <b>vesper-tīnu-s</b>, <i>at eventide</i> (<b>vespero-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec322" id = "sec322" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec322" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">322</a>.</b> From words like <b>frāter-nus</b> (from <b>*fratr(i)-nus</b>, <a href = "#sec111b">111, <i>b</i></a>), <b>pater-nus</b>, <b>exter-nus</b>, @@ -7334,20 +7326,20 @@ stem: as, <b>ebur-nus</b>; <b>tacitur-nus</b>, from the agent <p class = "header size5">(3.) <b>-bri-</b>, <b>-cri-</b>, <b>-tri-</b> (N. <b>-ber</b> or <b>-bri-s</b>, &c.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec323" id = "sec323" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec323" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">323</a>.</b> <b>-bri-</b>, N. <b>-ber</b> or <b>-bri-s</b>: <b>salū-bri-</b>, N. <b>salū-ber</b>, <i>healthy</i> (<b>salūt-</b>); <b>mulie-bri-s</b>, <i>womanly</i> (<b>mulier-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec324" id = "sec324" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec324" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">324</a>.</b> <b>-cri-</b>, N. <b>-cer</b> or <b>-cri-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>volu-cri-</b>, N. <b>volu-cer</b>, <i>winged</i> (<b>*volo-</b>, <i>flying</i>); <b>medio-cri-s</b>, <i>middling</i> (<b>medio-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec325" id = "sec325" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec325" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">325</a>.</b> <b>-tri-</b>, N. <b>-ter</b> or <b>-tri-s</b>: <b>eques-tri-</b>, N. <b>eques-ter</b>, <i>of horsemen</i> (<b>equit-</b>, <a href = @@ -7361,13 +7353,13 @@ a few words: <b>camp-ester</b>, <i>of fields</i> (<b>campo-</b>); <b>-ti-</b>, <b>-si-</b> (N. <b class = "locked">-s</b>, <b class = "locked">-si-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec326" id = "sec326" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec326" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">326</a>.</b> <b>-co-</b> is often suffixed to <b>-ti-</b>, sometimes to <b>-es-ti-</b>; thus: <b class = "locked">-ti-co-</b>, <b class = "locked">-es-ti-co-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec327" id = "sec327" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec327" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">327</a>.</b> <b>-co-</b>, N. <b>-cu-s</b>: <b>cīvi-co-</b>, N. <b>cīvi-cu-s</b>, <i>of a citizen</i> (<b>cīvi-</b>); <b>belli-cu-s</b>, <i>of war</i> @@ -7381,16 +7373,16 @@ class = "locked">-ā-co-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ī-co-</b>, <b class = "locked">-es-ti-co-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-es-ti-cu-s</b>: <b>dom-esticu-s</b>, <i>of a house</i> (<b>domo-</b>, <b>domu-</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page50" id = "page50"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page50"> 50</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec328" id = "sec328" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec328" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">328</a>.</b> <b>-ti-</b> or <b>-si-</b> denotes belonging to a place; usually <b class = "locked">-ā-ti-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ī-ti-</b>, <b class = "locked">-es-ti-</b>, <b class = "locked">-en-ti-</b>; <b class = "locked">-ēn-si-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-i-ēn-si-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec329" id = "sec329" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec329" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">329</a>.</b> <b>-ti-</b>, N. <b>-s</b>: <b>Tībur-ti-</b>, N. <b>Tībur-s</b>, <i>Tiburtine</i> (<b>Tībur-</b>). <b class = "locked">-ā-ti-</b>: @@ -7404,7 +7396,7 @@ class = "locked">-es-ti-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-es-ti-s</b>: <b>agr-esti-</b>, N. <b>agr-esti-s</b>, <i>of the fields</i> (<b>agro-</b>); <b>cael-esti-s</b>, <i>heavenly</i> (<b>caelo-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec330" id = "sec330" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec330" href = "#formation_adj_appurt">330</a>.</b> <b>-ēn-si-</b>, N. <b>-ēn-si-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>), from appellatives of place or proper names of place: <b>castr-ēnsi-</b>, N. @@ -7415,16 +7407,16 @@ appellatives of place or proper names of place: <b>castr-ēnsi-</b>, N. (<b>Karthāgin-</b>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_adj_supply" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_adj_supply" href = "#formation_adjective_2">III. SUPPLY.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec331" id = "sec331" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec331" href = "#formation_adj_supply">331</a>.</b> The suffixes <b>-to-</b> or <b>-ōso-</b> are used to form adjectives denoting <i>Supplied</i> or <i>Furnished with</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Stem.</th> <th>Nominative.</th> @@ -7445,7 +7437,7 @@ denoting <i>Supplied</i> or <i>Furnished with</i>: as,</p> <p class = "header size5">(1.) <b>-to-</b> (N. <b>-tu-s</b>); <b>-len-to-</b> (N. <b>-len-tu-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec332" id = "sec332" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec332" href = "#formation_adj_supply">332</a>.</b> <b>-to-</b>, the perfect participle suffix, is sometimes added at once to a noun stem, sometimes to other suffixes, thus: <b class = @@ -7453,7 +7445,7 @@ to a noun stem, sometimes to other suffixes, thus: <b class = "locked">-ēto-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ūto-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ento-</b>, <b class = "locked">-lento-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec333" id = "sec333" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec333" href = "#formation_adj_supply">333</a>.</b> <b>-to-</b>, N. <b>-tu-s</b>: <b>onus-to-</b>, N. <b>onus-tu-s</b>, <i>loaded</i> (<b>onus-</b>); <b>vetus-tu-s</b>, <i>full of years</i> @@ -7470,7 +7462,7 @@ gore</i> (<b>*cruenti-</b>, <b>*cruēre</b>). As substantive, <b>arg-entu-m</b> (<i>white metal</i>), <i>silver</i>; <b>flu-enta</b>, plural, <i>streams</i> (<b>fluenti-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec334" id = "sec334" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec334" href = "#formation_adj_supply">334</a>.</b> The neuter of stems in <b>-to-</b>, as a substantive, denotes the place where something, generally a plant, is found (<a href = @@ -7480,7 +7472,7 @@ commonly preceded by <b class = "locked">-ē-</b>, forming <b class = <b>dūm-ēta</b>, <i>thorn-thickets</i> (<b>dūmo-</b>); <b>murt-ēta</b>, <i>myrtle-groves</i> (<b>murto-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec335" id = "sec335" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec335" href = "#formation_adj_supply">335</a>.</b> <b>-len-to-</b>, N. <b>-len-tu-s</b> (<a href = "#sec202">202</a>): <b>vīno-lento-</b>, N. <b>vīno-lentu-s</b>, <i>drunken</i> @@ -7495,7 +7487,7 @@ commonly preceded by <b class = "locked">-ē-</b>, forming <b class = <p class = "header size5">(2.) <b>-ōso-</b> (N. <b>-ōsu-s</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec336" id = "sec336" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec336" href = "#formation_adj_supply">336</a>.</b> <b>-ōso-</b> (sometimes <b>-ōnso-</b>, <b>-ōsso-</b>), N. <b>-ōsu-s</b>, <i>full of</i>, is very common indeed, <b class = "locked">-ōso-</b> is @@ -7503,9 +7495,9 @@ sometimes attached to other suffixes, thus: <b class = "locked">-c-ōso-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ul-ōso-</b>, <b class = "locked">-ūc-ul-ōso-</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page51" id = "page51"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page51"> 51</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec337" id = "sec337" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec337" href = "#formation_adj_supply">337</a>.</b> <b>-ōso-</b>, N. <b>-ōsu-s</b>: <b>ann-ōso-</b>, N. <b>ann-ōsu-s</b>, <i>full of years</i>; <b>fōrm-ōnsu-s</b>, <b>fōrm-ōssu-s</b> or @@ -7521,7 +7513,7 @@ sometimes attached to other suffixes, thus: <b class = (<b>cūrā-</b>); <b>labōr-iōsu-s</b>, <i>toilsome</i> (<b>labōr-</b>, <a href = "#sec202">202</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec338" id = "sec338" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec338" href = "#formation_adj_supply">338</a>.</b> <b>-c-ōso-</b>, N. <b>-c-ōsu-s</b>: <b>belli-cōso-</b>, N. <b>belli-cōsu-s</b>, <i>warlike</i> (<b>bello-</b>, <b>bellico-</b>). <b @@ -7534,11 +7526,11 @@ title = "text has ‘met-/-ū-culoso’ at line break"><b>met-ū-culoso-</b></in <i>skittish</i> (<b>metu-</b>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_adj_dimin" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_adj_dimin" href = "#formation_adjective_2">IV. DIMINUTIVES.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec339" id = "sec339" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec339" href = "#formation_adj_dimin">339</a>.</b> Diminutives are formed from adjectives, as from substantives (<a href = "#sec267">267</a>).</p> @@ -7559,7 +7551,7 @@ class = "locked">-culo-</b>, N. <b class = "locked">-culu-s</b>: (<b>pauper-</b>); <b>levi-culu-s</b>, <i>somewhat vain</i> (<b>levi-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec340" id = "sec340" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec340" href = "#formation_adj_dimin">340</a>.</b> A peculiar class of diminutives is formed by adding <b>-culo-</b> to the comparative stem <b class = "locked">-ius-</b> (<a href = @@ -7567,7 +7559,7 @@ comparative stem <b class = "locked">-ius-</b> (<a href = <b>nitidius-culu-s</b>, <i>a trifle sleeker</i> (<b>nitidius-</b>); <b>longius-culu-s</b>, <i>a bit longer</i> (<b>longius-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec341" id = "sec341" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec341" href = "#formation_adj_dimin">341</a>.</b> Adverbs sometimes have a diminutive form: as, <b>bellē</b>, <i>charmingly</i>; <b>paullulum</b>, <i>a little bit</i>; @@ -7575,11 +7567,11 @@ Adverbs sometimes have a diminutive form: as, <b>bellē</b>, "#sec340">340</a>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "formation_adj_comp" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "formation_adj_comp" href = "#formation_adjective_2">V. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec342" id = "sec342" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec342" href = "#formation_adj_comp">342</a>.</b> Comparatives and superlatives are usually formed from the stem of the positive: as, <b>dignior</b>, <i>worthier</i>, <b>dignissimus</b>, @@ -7594,12 +7586,12 @@ formed directly from roots: thus, <b>maior</b>, <i>greater</i>, and "smallroman">COMPARATIVE</span> <b>-ior</b>, <span class = "smallroman">SUPERLATIVE</span> <b class = "locked">-issimus</b>.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec343" id = "sec343" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec343" href = "#formation_adj_comp">343</a>.</b> The nominative of comparative adjectives ends usually in <b>-ior</b>, and that of superlatives in <b class = "locked">-issimus</b>: thus,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th colspan = "3">Comparative.</th> <th colspan = "3">Superlative.</th> @@ -7622,7 +7614,7 @@ and that of superlatives in <b class = "locked">-issimus</b>: thus,</p> </tr> </table> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Positive.</th> <th>Comparative.</th> @@ -7640,19 +7632,19 @@ and that of superlatives in <b class = "locked">-issimus</b>: thus,</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page52" id = "page52"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page52"> 52</a></span> <p class = "header size5">(2.) <span class = "smallroman">SUPERLATIVE</span> <b>-rimus</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec344" id = "sec344" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec344" href = "#formation_adj_comp">344</a>.</b> Adjectives with the nominative in <b>-er</b> have the nominative of the superlative like the nominative of the positive with <b class = "locked">-rimus</b> added (<a href = "#sec350">350</a>): as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Positive.</th> <th>Comparative.</th> @@ -7677,7 +7669,7 @@ superlative like the nominative of the positive with <b class = <p class = "header size5">(3.) <span class = "smallroman">SUPERLATIVE</span> <b>-limus</b>.</p> -<p class = "floater fourth"><b><a name = "sec345" id = "sec345" href = +<p class = "floater fourth"><b><a id = "sec345" href = "#formation_adj_comp">345</a>.</b></p> <div class = "wordlist"> @@ -7689,7 +7681,7 @@ superlative like the nominative of the positive with <b class = <b>-limus</b>, following <b>l</b> of the stem (<a href = "#sec350">350</a>): as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Positive.</th> <th>Comparative.</th> @@ -7704,7 +7696,7 @@ superlative like the nominative of the positive with <b class = <p class = "header">THE COMPARATIVE SUFFIX.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec346" id = "sec346" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec346" href = "#formation_adj_comp">346</a>.</b> The comparative suffix is <b>-iōs-</b>, which becomes in the singular, nominative masculine and feminine, <b class = "locked">-ior</b> (<a href @@ -7713,7 +7705,7 @@ accusative, <b class = "locked">-ius</b> (<a href = "#sec107c">107, <i>c</i></a>); in all other cases <b class = "locked">-iōr-</b> (<a href = "#sec154">154</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec347" id = "sec347" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec347" href = "#formation_adj_comp">347</a>.</b> Other comparative suffixes are <b>-ro-</b> or <b>-ero-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-tro-</b> or <b class = "locked">-tero-</b>, used in a few @@ -7724,7 +7716,7 @@ ones</i>, <b>īnferī</b>, <i>the nether ones</i>; <b>ex-terī</b>, two?</i> (for <b>*quo-ter</b>, <a href = "#sec146">146</a>); <b>dexter</b>, <i>right</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec348" id = "sec348" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec348" href = "#formation_adj_comp">348</a>.</b> Some words designating place have a doubled comparative suffix, <b class = "locked">-er-iōr-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-ter-iōr-</b>: as, @@ -7741,14 +7733,14 @@ have become substantives: <b>min-is-ter</b> (<i>inferior</i>), <p class = "header">THE SUPERLATIVE SUFFIX.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec349" id = "sec349" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec349" href = "#formation_adj_comp">349</a>.</b> The common superlative suffix is <b>-issimo-</b>, nominative <b class = "locked">-issimus</b>, with older <b class = "locked">-issumo-</b>, nominative <b class = "locked">-issumus</b> (<a href = "#sec28">28</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec350" id = "sec350" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec350" href = "#formation_adj_comp">350</a>.</b> Stems which end in <b>-ro-</b>, <b>-ri-</b>, or <b>-li-</b> (<a href = "#sec344">344</a>, <a href = "#sec345">345</a>) take the suffix <b class @@ -7757,7 +7749,7 @@ Stems which end in <b>-ro-</b>, <b>-ri-</b>, or <b>-li-</b> (<a href = = "#sec111">111</a>) and assimilation of the final <b>l</b> or <b>r</b> (<a href = "#sec166">166, 8</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec351" id = "sec351" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec351" href = "#formation_adj_comp">351</a>.</b> The suffix <b>-timo-</b> is further used in a few root superlatives: <b>ci-timus</b>, <b>dextimus</b>, <b>extimus</b>, <b>intimus</b>, @@ -7765,7 +7757,7 @@ The suffix <b>-timo-</b> is further used in a few root superlatives: "locked">-simo-</b> in <b>maximus</b>, <b>pessimus</b>, and <b>proximus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec352" id = "sec352" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec352" href = "#formation_adj_comp">352</a>.</b> The suffix <b>-mo-</b> or <b>-imo-</b> is used in <b>sum-mo-</b>, N. <b>summus</b>, <i>highest</i> (<b>sub</b>); <b>min-imo-</b>, N. @@ -7780,16 +7772,16 @@ class = "locked">-trē-</b>, possibly an adverbial form (<a href = <b>postrēmus</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page53" id = "page53"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page53"> 53</a></span> <p class = "header">PECULIARITIES OF COMPARISON.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec353" id = "sec353" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec353" href = "#formation_adj_comp">353</a>.</b> Some positives have a comparative or superlative, or both, from a different form of the stem: such are,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>frūgī</b>, <i>thrifty</i>,</td> <td><b>frūgālior</b>,</td> @@ -7832,7 +7824,7 @@ different form of the stem: such are,</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec354" id = "sec354" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec354" href = "#formation_adj_comp">354</a>.</b> <b>iuvenior</b>, <i>younger</i>, is late (Sen., Plin., Tac.). <b>benevolēns</b>, <i>kindly</i>, <b>benevolentior</b>, @@ -7841,12 +7833,12 @@ different form of the stem: such are,</p> usually as positive <b>benevolus</b> and <b>maledicus</b> respectively.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec355" id = "sec355" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec355" href = "#formation_adj_comp">355</a>.</b> Some positives have a comparative or superlative, or both, from a wholly different stem: such are,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>bonus</b>, <i>good</i>,</td> <td><b>melior</b>,</td> @@ -7871,13 +7863,13 @@ different stem: such are,</p> <p class = "fourth"><b>parvus</b> has rarely <b>parvissimus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec356" id = "sec356" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec356" href = "#formation_adj_comp">356</a>.</b> Four comparatives in <b>-erior</b> or <b>-terior</b>, denoting place (<a href = "#sec348">348</a>), have two forms of the superlative; the nominative masculine singular of the positive is not in common use:</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>exterior</b>,</td> <td><b>extimus</b> (<a href = "#sec351">351</a>), or <b>extrēmus</b> (<a @@ -7899,12 +7891,12 @@ href = "#sec352">352</a>), <i>highest</i>.</td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec357" id = "sec357" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec357" href = "#formation_adj_comp">357</a>.</b> Six, denoting place, have the positive only as an adverb or preposition:</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cis</b>, <i>this side</i>,</td> <td><b>citerior</b> (<a href = "#sec348">348</a>),</td> @@ -7940,7 +7932,7 @@ preposition:</p> <p class = "fourth"><b>ōcior</b>, <i>swifter</i>, <b>ōcissimus</b>, has no positive.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec358" id = "sec358" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec358" href = "#formation_adj_comp">358</a>.</b> These have a superlative, but no comparative: <b>bellus</b>, <i>pretty</i>, <b>falsus</b>, <i>false</i>, <b>inclutus</b>, @@ -7956,9 +7948,9 @@ title = "text has . for ,"><i>generous</i>,</ins> <b>mīrificus</b>, <b>mīrific (twice, Acc., Ter.), <i>strange</i>. Plautus has <b>ipsissumus</b>, <i>his very self</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page54" id = "page54"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page54"> 54</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec359" id = "sec359" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec359" href = "#formation_adj_comp">359</a>.</b> Most primitives in <b>-ilis</b> and <b>-bilis</b> (<a href = "#sec292">292</a>, <a href = "#sec294">294</a>), have a comparative, but @@ -7968,7 +7960,7 @@ no superlative; but these have a superlative: <b>facilis</b> and <i>productive</i>, <b>amābilis</b>, <i>lovable</i>, <b>mōbilis</b>, <i>movable</i>, <b>nōbilis</b>, <i>well known</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec360" id = "sec360" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec360" href = "#formation_adj_comp">360</a>.</b> Many adjectives have no suffixes of comparison, and supply the place of these by <b>magis</b>, <i>more</i>, and <b>maximē</b>, <i>most</i>: as, @@ -7978,14 +7970,14 @@ Many adjectives, from their meaning, do not admit of comparison.</p> <p class = "header">COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADVERBS.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec361" id = "sec361" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec361" href = "#formation_adj_comp">361</a>.</b> Adverbs derived from adjectives have as their comparative the accusative singular neuter of the comparative adjective; the superlative is formed like that of the adjective, but ends in <b class = "locked">-ē</b>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>altē</b>, <i>on high</i>,</td> <td><b>altius</b>,</td> @@ -8003,7 +7995,7 @@ as,</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec362" id = "sec362" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec362" href = "#formation_adj_comp">362</a>.</b> An older superlative ending, <b>-ēd</b> for <b>-ē</b>, occurs in an inscription of 186 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>: <span class = @@ -8014,7 +8006,7 @@ superlatives in <b class = "locked">-ō</b> or <b class = <b>postrēmō</b>, <i>at last</i>, <b>postrēmum</b>, <i>for the last time</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec363" id = "sec363" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec363" href = "#formation_adj_comp">363</a>.</b> If the comparison of the adjective has peculiarities, they are retained in the adverb likewise: as, <b>bene</b>, <i>well</i>, <b>melius</b>, @@ -8030,7 +8022,7 @@ by the nominal suffix <b class = "locked">-es-</b> (<a href = poetry <b>magis</b> sometimes becomes <b>mage</b>, as if neuter of an adjective in <b class = "locked">-i-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec364" id = "sec364" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec364" href = "#formation_adj_comp">364</a>.</b> A few adverbs not derived from adjectives are compared: as, <b>diū</b>, <i>long</i>, <b>diūtius</b>, <b>diūtissimē</b>; <b>saepe</b>, @@ -8040,11 +8032,11 @@ A few adverbs not derived from adjectives are compared: as, <b>diū</b>, <i>betimes</i>, <b>temperius</b>, <i>earlier</i>, no superlative.</p> -<h5 class = "topline2"><a name = "formation_denom" id = +<h5 class = "topline2"><a id = "formation_denom" href = "#formation">(B.) FORMATION OF DENOMINATIVE VERBS.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec365" id = "sec365" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec365" href = "#formation_denom">365</a>.</b> Denominative verb stems have present infinitives in <b>-āre</b>, <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>, or <b class = "locked">-īre</b> (<b class = @@ -8052,7 +8044,7 @@ class = "locked">-ēre</b>, or <b class = "locked">-īre</b> (<b class = "locked">-īrī</b>), and are formed from noun stems of all endings: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Verb.</th> <th>From Noun.</th> @@ -8116,9 +8108,9 @@ as,</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page55" id = "page55"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page55"> 55</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec366" id = "sec366" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec366" href = "#formation_denom">366</a>.</b> These present verb stems are formed by adding the suffix <b>-i̭o-</b>, <b class = "locked">-i̭e-</b> to the noun stem: as <b>*fugā-i̭ō</b>, @@ -8127,7 +8119,7 @@ These present verb stems are formed by adding the suffix <b>-i̭o-</b>, contracted with the ending (<a href = "#sec118">118, 3</a>). The noun stem ending is often slightly modified.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec367" id = "sec367" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec367" href = "#formation_denom">367</a>.</b> In a half a dozen denominatives from stems in <b>-u-</b> the <b>u</b> of the noun stem remains without modification, and is not contracted with @@ -8137,7 +8129,7 @@ are, <b>acuere</b>, <i>sharpen</i> (<b>acu-</b>), <b>metuere</b>, <i>assign</i>; <b>arguere</b>, <i>make clear</i>, <b>bātuere</b>, <i>beat</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec368" id = "sec368" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec368" href = "#formation_denom">368</a>.</b> Verbs in <b>-āre</b> are by far the most numerous class of denominatives; they are usually transitive; but deponents often express @@ -8148,7 +8140,7 @@ class = "locked">-ēre</b> usually denote a state: as, <b>calēre</b>, <i>be warm</i>; but some are causative: as, <b>monēre</b>, <i>remind</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec369" id = "sec369" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec369" href = "#formation_denom">369</a>.</b> Many denominative verbs in <b>-āre</b> contain a noun suffix which is not actually found in the noun itself; such suffixes are: <b class = @@ -8171,7 +8163,7 @@ not actually found in the noun itself; such suffixes are: <b class = <b>dēbili-tāre</b>, <i>lame</i> (<b>*dēbili-to-</b>); <b>dubi-tāre</b>, <i>doubt</i> (<b>*dubi-to-</b>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec370" id = "sec370" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec370" href = "#formation_denom">370</a>.</b> Many denominatives in <b>-āre</b> are indirect compounds (<a href = "#sec377">377</a>), often from compound noun stems which are not @@ -8199,7 +8191,7 @@ commonly <b>iūr-g-āre</b>, <i>quarrel</i> (<b>iūr-</b>); <b>oc-cup-āre</b>, <i>seize</i> (<b>*occupo-</b>); <b>re-cup-er-āre</b>, <i>get back</i> (<b>*recupero-</b>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec371" id = "sec371" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec371" href = "#formation_denom">371</a>.</b> Many verbs in <b>-tāre</b> (<b>-sāre</b>), or <b>-tārī</b> (<b>-sārī</b>), express frequent, intense, or sometimes attempted @@ -8216,7 +8208,7 @@ they are formed from perfect participle stems; but stems in <b class = <b>*negā-tāre</b>, with suffix <b class = "locked">-i-tāre</b>, <a href = "#sec910">910</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec372" id = "sec372" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec372" href = "#formation_denom">372</a>.</b> Some frequentatives in <b>-tāre</b> are formed from the present stem of a verb in <b class = "locked">-ere</b>; the formative vowel before <b @@ -8229,9 +8221,9 @@ seeking</i> (<b>quaere-re</b>); <b>scīsci-tārī</b>, <i>enquire</i> (<b>scīsce-re</b>); <b>vēndi-tāre</b>, <i>try to sell</i> (<b>vēnde-re</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page56" id = "page56"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page56"> 56</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec373" id = "sec373" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec373" href = "#formation_denom">373</a>.</b> A few frequentatives add <b>-tā-</b> to the perfect participle stem: as,</p> @@ -8244,14 +8236,14 @@ frequentative another frequentative is sometimes derived: as, <b>dict-āre</b>, <i>dictate</i>, <b>dicti-tāre</b>, <i>keep asserting</i> (<b>dicto-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec374" id = "sec374" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec374" href = "#formation_denom">374</a>.</b> Some verbs are found only as frequentatives: as, <b>gust-āre</b>, <i>taste</i> (<b>*gusto-</b>, √<b><em>gus-</em></b>, <i>taste</i>); <b>put-āre</b>, <i>think</i> (<b>puto-</b>, √<b><em>pu-</em></b>, <i>clean</i>); <b>aegrōt-āre</b>, <i>be ill</i> (<b>aegrōto-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec375" id = "sec375" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec375" href = "#formation_denom">375</a>.</b> A few verbs in <b>-uriō</b>, <b>-urīre</b>, express desire; such are called <i>Desideratives</i>: as, <b>ēss-urīre</b> or <b>ēs-urīre</b>, @@ -8261,15 +8253,15 @@ action; such are called <i>Meditatives</i>: as, <b>lacē-ssō</b>, <b>lacē-ssere</b>, <i>provoke</i>.</p> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a name = "formation_composition" id = +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a id = "formation_composition" href = "#formation">COMPOSITION.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec376" id = "sec376" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec376" href = "#formation_composition">376</a>.</b> In compounds, the fundamental word is usually the second, which has its meaning qualified by the first.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec377" id = "sec377" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec377" href = "#formation_composition">377</a>.</b> A <span class = "smallcaps">Direct Compound</span> is one formed directly from two parts: as, <b>con-iug-</b>, N. <b>coniūnx</b>, @@ -8280,7 +8272,7 @@ is one formed by the addition of a suffix to a direct compound: as, <b>iūdic-io-</b>, N. <b>iūudicium</b>, <i>trial</i> (<b>iūdic-</b>): <b>iūdicā-re</b>, <i>judge</i> (<b>iūdic-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec378" id = "sec378" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec378" href = "#formation_composition">378</a>.</b> A <span class = "smallcaps">Real Compound</span> is a word whose stem is formed from two stems, or an inseparable prefix and a stem, fused into @@ -8289,16 +8281,16 @@ formed by the juxtaposition of an inflected word with another inflected word, a preposition, or an adverb.</p> -<h6><a name = "formation_comp_noun" id = "formation_comp_noun" href = +<h6><a id = "formation_comp_noun" href = "#formation_composition">I. COMPOSITION OF NOUNS.</a></h6> -<p class = "header extended"><a name = "formation_comp_noun_1" id = +<p class = "header extended"><a id = "formation_comp_noun_1" href = "#formation_comp_noun">(A.) REAL COMPOUNDS.</a></p> <p class = "header">FORM OF COMPOUNDS.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec379" id = "sec379" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec379" href = "#formation_comp_noun_1">379</a>.</b> If the first part is a noun, its stem is taken: as, <b>Ahēno-barbus</b>, <i>Redbeard</i>, <i>Barbarossa</i>; usually with weakening of a stem @@ -8314,7 +8306,7 @@ Sometimes with disappearance of a syllable (<a href = (<b>magno-</b>). Consonant stems are often extended by <b>i</b> before a consonant: as, <b>mōri-gerus</b>, <i>complaisant</i> (<b>mōr-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec380" id = "sec380" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec380" href = "#formation_comp_noun_1">380</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-s-</b>, including those in <b>-er-</b>, <b>-or-</b> and <b class = "locked">-ōr-</b> (<a href = "#sec236">236</a>), are sometimes @@ -8329,9 +8321,9 @@ compounded as above (<a href = "#sec379">379</a>): as, <i>dreadful</i>, <b>horri-sonus</b>, <i>awful-sounding</i> (<b>horrōr-</b>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page57" id = "page57"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page57"> 57</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec381" id = "sec381" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec381" href = "#formation_comp_noun_1">381</a>.</b> The second part, which often has weakening of the vowel (<a href = "#sec102">102</a>), is sometimes a bare root used as a stem (<a href = @@ -8349,14 +8341,14 @@ together</i> (√<b><em>tag-</em></b>, <i>touch</i>, <a href = <p class = "header">MEANING OF COMPOUNDS.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec382" id = "sec382" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec382" href = "#formation_comp_noun_1">382</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Determinatives</span> are compounds in which the second part keeps its original meaning, though determined or modified by the first part. The meaning of a determinative may often be best expressed by two words.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec383" id = "sec383" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec383" href = "#formation_comp_noun_1">383</a>.</b> (1.) The first part of a determinative may be an adjective, an adverb, a preposition, or an inseparable prefix; the second part is a noun: @@ -8370,7 +8362,7 @@ discipulus</b>, <i>fellow-pupil</i>; <b>per-magnus</b>, i.e. <b>valdē magnus</b>, <i>very great</i>; <b>in-dignus</b>, i.e. <b>nōn dignus</b>, <i>unworthy</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec384" id = "sec384" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec384" href = "#formation_comp_noun_1">384</a>.</b> (2.) The first part of a determinative may represent the oblique case of a noun, generally a substantive; the second part is a noun or verb stem. @@ -8389,7 +8381,7 @@ nātus</b>, <i>Troy-born</i>; ablative locative (<a href = "#sec1350">1350</a>), <b>nocti-vagus</b>, <i>night-wandering</i>; <b>monti-vagus</b>, <i>mountain-ranging</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec385" id = "sec385" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec385" href = "#formation_comp_noun_1">385</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Possessives</span> are adjective compounds in which the meaning of the second part is changed. The second part of a @@ -8404,15 +8396,15 @@ an attribute which something <i>has</i>: as,</p> <i>beardless</i>.</p> -<p class = "header extended"><a name = "formation_comp_noun_2" id = +<p class = "header extended"><a id = "formation_comp_noun_2" href = "#formation_comp_noun">(B.) APPARENT COMPOUNDS.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec386" id = "sec386" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec386" href = "#formation_comp_noun_2">386</a>.</b> Apparent Compounds are formed:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec387" id = "sec387" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec387" href = "#formation_comp_noun_2">387</a>.</b> (1.) By two nouns combined, one with an unchanging case ending, the other with full inflections: as, <b>aquae-ductus</b>, <i>aqueduct</i>; @@ -8422,9 +8414,9 @@ other with full inflections: as, <b>aquae-ductus</b>, <i>aqueduct</i>; <b>familiās</b>, and <b>vērī</b> are genitives, and remain genitives, while the other part of the compound is declinable.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page58" id = "page58"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page58"> 58</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec388" id = "sec388" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec388" href = "#formation_comp_noun_2">388</a>.</b> (2.) By a substantive with an adjective habitually agreeing with it, both parts being declined: as, <b>rēs pūblica</b>, <i>the @@ -8432,7 +8424,7 @@ common-weal</i>; <b>rēs gestae</b>, <i>exploits</i>; <b>iūs iūrandum</b>, <i>oath</i>; <b>pecūniae repetundae</b>, <i>money claim</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec389" id = "sec389" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec389" href = "#formation_comp_noun_2">389</a>.</b> (3.) By nouns, chiefly substantives, in the same case placed loosely side by side and making one idea. The two words may be used: (<i>a.</i>) @@ -8444,7 +8436,7 @@ word explaining the other (<a href = "#sec1045">1045</a>): as, "#sec94">94</a>; <a href = "#sec133">133</a>); <b>Mārspiter</b>, <i>Mars the Father</i>, for <b>Mārs pater</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec390" id = "sec390" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec390" href = "#formation_comp_noun_2">390</a>.</b> (4.) From an original combination of an oblique case with a preposition: as, <b>prōcōnsul</b>, <i>proconsul</i>, from <b>prō cōnsule</b>, <i>for @@ -8453,14 +8445,14 @@ a consul</i>; <b>ēgregius</b>, <i>select</i>, from <b>ē grege</b>, <b>dē līrā</b>, <i>out of the furrow</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "formation_comp_verb" id = "formation_comp_verb" href = +<h6><a id = "formation_comp_verb" href = "#formation_composition">II. COMPOSITION OF VERBS.</a></h6> -<p class = "header extended"><a name = "formation_comp_verb_1" id = +<p class = "header extended"><a id = "formation_comp_verb_1" href = "#formation_comp_verb">(A.) REAL COMPOUNDS.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec391" id = "sec391" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec391" href = "#formation_comp_verb_1">391</a>.</b> Real Compounds are direct compounds of a verb with a preposition; the root vowel or diphthong of the verb is often weakened (<a href = @@ -8473,7 +8465,7 @@ separate adverb modifying the verb, is in poetry sometimes separated from the verb by another word; the disyllabic prepositions in particular often remain as juxtaposed adverbs (<a href = "#sec396">396</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec392" id = "sec392" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec392" href = "#formation_comp_verb_1">392</a>.</b> Some prepositions are inseparable, that is, used only in composition: <b>ambi-</b>, <i>round</i>, <b>an-</b>, <i>up</i>, <b>dis-</b>, <i>in @@ -8485,15 +8477,15 @@ two</i>, <i>apart</i>, <b>por-</b>, <i>towards</i>, <b>red-</b>, back</i>; <b>sē-iungere</b>, <i>separate</i>.</p> -<p class = "header extended"><a name = "formation_comp_verb_2" id = +<p class = "header extended"><a id = "formation_comp_verb_2" href = "#formation_comp_verb">(B.) APPARENT COMPOUNDS.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec393" id = "sec393" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec393" href = "#formation_comp_verb_2">393</a>.</b> Apparent Compounds are formed by the juxtaposition of:</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec394" id = "sec394" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec394" href = "#formation_comp_verb_2">394</a>.</b> (1.) A verb with a verb: <b>faciō</b> and <b>fīō</b> are added to present stems, mostly of intransitive verbs in <b class = @@ -8505,7 +8497,7 @@ sometimes long, and sometimes short (<a href = In these apparent compounds, the accent of <b>faciō</b> remains the same as in the simple verb: as, <b>calē̆fácis</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec395" id = "sec395" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec395" href = "#formation_comp_verb_2">395</a>.</b> (2.) A substantive with a verb: as, <b>anim-advertere</b>, <i>pay heed to</i>, <b>animum advertere</b>; <b>vēnum-dare</b>, or <b>vēndere</b>, @@ -8513,7 +8505,7 @@ to</i>, <b>animum advertere</b>; <b>vēnum-dare</b>, or <b>vēndere</b>, īre</b>; <b>lucrī-facere</b>, <i>make gain</i>, <b>lucrī facere</b>; <b>manū-mittere</b>, <i>set free</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec396" id = "sec396" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec396" href = "#formation_comp_verb_2">396</a>.</b> (<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘2’">3.</ins>) An adverb with a verb: as, <b>circum-dare</b>, <i>put round</i>; @@ -8526,13 +8518,13 @@ with a verb: as, <b>circum-dare</b>, <i>put round</i>; -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page59" id = "page59"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page59"> 59</a></span> -<h3><a name = "inflection" id = "inflection" href = "#words">C. +<h3><a id = "inflection" href = "#words">C. INFLECTION.</a></h3> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec397" id = "sec397" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec397" href = "#inflection">397</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Inflection</span> is the change which nouns, pronouns, and verbs undergo, to indicate their relation in a @@ -8542,10 +8534,10 @@ sentence.</p> <i>Declension</i>, and that of a verb, <i>Conjugation</i>.</p> <!-- printed as topline --> -<h4><a name = "inflection_noun" id = "inflection_noun" href = +<h4><a id = "inflection_noun" href = "#words">(A.) INFLECTION OF THE NOUN.</a></h4> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec398" id = "sec398" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec398" href = "#inflection_noun">398</a>.</b> The noun or pronoun is inflected by attaching case endings to the stem.</p> @@ -8557,10 +8549,10 @@ some stems, and of all plurals. These endings are nearly the same for stems of all kinds.</p> -<h6><a name = "inflection_noun_stem" id = "inflection_noun_stem" href = +<h6><a id = "inflection_noun_stem" href = "#inflection_noun">THE STEM.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec399" id = "sec399" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec399" href = "#inflection_noun_stem">399</a>.</b> The stem contains the meaning of the noun. Noun stems are arranged in the following order: (1.) stems in <b class = "locked">-ā-</b>, in <b @@ -8570,7 +8562,7 @@ adjective; (2.) stems in <b class = "locked">-u-</b> or <b class = "locked">-ē-</b>; these are substantive only, and include no proper names.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec400" id = "sec400" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec400" href = "#inflection_noun_stem">400</a>.</b> In some instances, a final stem vowel is retained before a case ending which begins with a vowel: as, <b>urbi-um</b>, <b>ācri-a</b>, @@ -8579,7 +8571,7 @@ which begins with a vowel: as, <b>urbi-um</b>, <b>ācri-a</b>, inseparably with the vowel of the case ending: as, <b>mēnsīs</b>, <b>dominīs</b> (<a href = "#sec108a">108, <i>a</i></a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec401" id = "sec401" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec401" href = "#inflection_noun_stem">401</a>.</b> Some nouns have more than one form of the stem: as,</p> @@ -8601,24 +8593,24 @@ and an <b class = "locked">-i-</b> stem in the plural: see <a href = <b>hilare</b>; <b>exanimus</b> and <b>exanimis</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_noun_gender" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_noun_gender" href = "#inflection_noun">GENDER.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec402" id = "sec402" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec402" href = "#inflection_noun_gender">402</a>.</b> There are two genders, <i>Masculine</i> and <i>Feminine</i>. Masculine and feminine nouns are called <i>Gender nouns</i>. Nouns without gender are called <i>Neuter</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec403" id = "sec403" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec403" href = "#inflection_noun_gender">403</a>.</b> Gender is, properly speaking, the distinction of sex. In Latin, a great many things without life have gender in grammar, and are masculine or feminine.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page60" id = "page60"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page60"> 60</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec404" id = "sec404" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec404" href = "#inflection_noun_gender">404</a>.</b> Some classes of substantives may be brought under general heads of signification, as below, like the names of rivers and winds (<a href = @@ -8628,13 +8620,13 @@ When the gender cannot be determined thus, it must be learned from the special rules for the several stems and their nominatives.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "inflection_noun_gender_1" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "inflection_noun_gender_1" href = "#inflection_noun_gender">GENDER OF SOME CLASSES OF SUBSTANTIVES.</a></p> <p class = "header">MASCULINES.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec405" id = "sec405" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec405" href = "#inflection_noun_gender_1">405</a>.</b> Names of male beings, rivers, winds, and mountains, are masculine: as,</p> @@ -8645,7 +8637,7 @@ names; <b>pater</b>, <i>father</i>; <b>erus</b>, <i>master</i>; <b>Aquilō</b>, <i>a Norther</i>; <b>Lūcrētilis</b>, <i>Mt. Lucretilis</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec406" id = "sec406" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec406" href = "#inflection_noun_gender_1">406</a>.</b> The river names: <b>Allia</b>, <b>Dūria</b>, <b>Sagra</b>, <b>Lēthē</b>, and <b>Styx</b> are feminine. Also the mountain names <b>Alpēs</b>, @@ -8657,7 +8649,7 @@ Etna</i>; <b>Rhodopē</b>, a Thracian range. A few are neuter, as <p class = "header">FEMININES.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec407" id = "sec407" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec407" href = "#inflection_noun_gender_1">407</a>.</b> Names of female beings, plants, flowers, shrubs, and trees, are feminine: as,</p> @@ -8666,7 +8658,7 @@ feminine: as,</p> <b>mālus</b>, <i>apple-tree</i>; <b>quercus</b>, <i>oak</i>; <b>īlex</b>, <i>holm-oak</i>; <b>abiēs</b>, <i>fir</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec408" id = "sec408" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec408" href = "#inflection_noun_gender_1">408</a>.</b> Masculine are: <b>bōlētus</b>, <i>mushroom</i>, <b>carduus</b>, <i>thistle</i>, <b>dūmī</b>, plural, <i>brambles</i>, <b>intibus</b>, @@ -8682,7 +8674,7 @@ Also some of Greek origin: as, <b>acanthus</b>, <b>amāracus</b>, <p class = "header">MOBILE, COMMON, AND EPICENE NOUNS.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec409" id = "sec409" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec409" href = "#inflection_noun_gender_1">409</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Mobile Nouns</span> have different forms to distinguish sex: as, <b>Iūlius</b>, a man, <i>Julius</i>, <b>Iūlia</b>, @@ -8692,7 +8684,7 @@ a woman, <i>Julia</i>; <b>cervus</b>, <i>stag</i>, <b>cerva</b>, <i>conqueress</i>. Adjectives ‘of three endings’ (<a href = "#sec611">611</a>), belong to this class.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec410" id = "sec410" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec410" href = "#inflection_noun_gender_1">410</a>.</b> Some nouns have one ending, but are applicable to either sex. Such are said, to be of <i>Common Gender</i>: as, <b>adulēscēns</b>, <i>young @@ -8702,7 +8694,7 @@ class = "locked">-i-</b>, denoting persons. Adjectives ‘of two endings’ or ‘of one ending’ (<a href = "#sec611">611</a>), belong to this class.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec411" id = "sec411" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec411" href = "#inflection_noun_gender_1">411</a>.</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Epicenes</span> have one ending and one grammatical gender, though applicable to animals of either sex. Thus, @@ -8714,12 +8706,12 @@ includes <i>drakes</i>.</p> <p class = "header">NEUTERS.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec412" id = "sec412" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec412" href = "#inflection_noun_gender_1">412</a>.</b> Infinitives, words and expressions quoted or explained, and letters of the alphabet, are neuter: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page61" id = "page61"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page61"> 61</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>vīvere ipsum</b>, <i>mere living</i>; <b>istūc ‘taceō,’</b> <i>your ‘I won’t mention;’</i> <b>longum vale</b>, @@ -8730,7 +8722,7 @@ understood.</p> <p class = "header">VARIABLE GENDER.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec413" id = "sec413" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec413" href = "#inflection_noun_gender_1">413</a>.</b> Some substantives have different genders in the two numbers; the different gender is sometimes indicated by a difference of stem: as, @@ -8739,21 +8731,21 @@ different gender is sometimes indicated by a difference of stem: as, <b>margarīta</b>, <b>ostrea</b>, <b>rāstrum</b>, in the dictionary.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_noun_number" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_noun_number" href = "#inflection_noun">NUMBER.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec414" id = "sec414" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec414" href = "#inflection_noun_number">414</a>.</b> There are two numbers, the <i>Singular</i> used of one, the <i>Plural</i> of more than one.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec415" id = "sec415" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec415" href = "#inflection_noun_number">415</a>.</b> <b>ambō</b>, <i>both</i>, and <b>duo</b>, <i>two</i>, nominative and accusative masculine and neuter, are the only remnants of an old <i>Dual</i> number, denoting two.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec416" id = "sec416" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec416" href = "#inflection_noun_number">416</a>.</b> Some substantives, from their meaning, have no plural.</p> @@ -8764,7 +8756,7 @@ substantives: as, <b>oleum</b>, <i>oil</i>, <b>vīnum</b>, <i>wine</i>, guiding</i>. For the occasional use of the plural, <a href = "#sec1105">1105-1110</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec417" id = "sec417" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec417" href = "#inflection_noun_number">417</a>.</b> Some substantives, from their meaning, have no singular.</p> @@ -8779,7 +8771,7 @@ rites</i>; of some places: as, <b>Faleriī</b>; <b>Vēī</b>; <b>Pompēī</b>; <b>Athēnae</b>, <i>Athens</i>; <b>Alpēs</b>, <i>the Alps</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec418" id = "sec418" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec418" href = "#inflection_noun_number">418</a>.</b> Some substantives have different meanings in the two numbers: as,</p> @@ -8800,10 +8792,10 @@ also <b>aqua</b>, <b>bonum</b>, <b>fortūna</b>, <b>lūdus</b>, <b>opera</b>, <b>pars</b>, in the dictionary.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_noun_case" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_noun_case" href = "#inflection_noun">CASE.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec419" id = "sec419" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec419" href = "#inflection_noun_case">419</a>.</b> Nouns have five cases, the <i>Nominative</i>, <i>Genitive</i>, <i>Dative</i>, <i>Accusative</i>, and <i>Ablative</i>.</p> @@ -8815,9 +8807,9 @@ the dative of <i>to</i> or <i>for</i>, and the ablative of <i>from</i>, best learnt from reading. All cases but the nominative and vocative (<a href = "#sec420">420</a>) are called <i>Oblique Cases</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page62" id = "page62"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page62"> 62</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec420" id = "sec420" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec420" href = "#inflection_noun_case">420</a>.</b> Town names and a few appellatives have also a case denoting the place where, called the <i>Locative</i>. Masculine stems in <b class = @@ -8825,7 +8817,7 @@ where, called the <i>Locative</i>. Masculine stems in <b class = another form used in addressing a person or thing, called the <i>Vocative</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec421" id = "sec421" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec421" href = "#inflection_noun_case">421</a>.</b> The stem of a noun is best seen in the genitive; in the genitive plural it is preserved without change, except that <b>o</b> of <b class = @@ -8838,7 +8830,7 @@ thus: <b class = "locked">-ae</b>, <b class = "locked">-ī</b>, <b class "locked">-i-</b>, <b class = "locked">-u-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-ē-</b>, as follows:</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Genitive Singular.</th> <th>Genitive Plural.</th> @@ -8876,7 +8868,7 @@ thus: <b class = "locked">-ae</b>, <b class = "locked">-ī</b>, <b class </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec422" id = "sec422" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec422" href = "#inflection_noun_case">422</a>.</b> Gender nominatives usually add <b>-s</b> to the stem: as, <b>servo-s</b> or <b>servu-s</b>, <i>slave</i>, <b>rēx</b> (<a href = @@ -8888,7 +8880,7 @@ But stems in <b class = "locked">-ā-</b> or in a continuous consonant <b>flāmen</b>, <i>special priest</i>, <b>pater</b>, <i>father</i>, <b>flōs</b>, <i>flower</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec423" id = "sec423" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec423" href = "#inflection_noun_case">423</a>.</b> Neuters have the nominative and accusative alike; in the singular the stem is used: as <b>nōmen</b>, <i>name</i>; or a shortened stem: as, @@ -8899,7 +8891,7 @@ always used: as, <b>rēgna</b>, <i>kingdoms</i>, <b>nōmina</b>, <b>cornua</b>, <i>horns</i>. For <b class = "locked">-s</b> in adjectives ‘of one ending,’ see <a href = "#sec612">612</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec424" id = "sec424" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec424" href = "#inflection_noun_case">424</a>.</b> Gender accusatives singular add <b>-m</b> to the stem: as, <b>mēnsa-m</b>, <b>servo-m</b> or <b>servu-m</b>, <b>nāvi-m</b>, @@ -8912,7 +8904,7 @@ plural, gender stems add <b class = "locked">-s</b> before which the vowel is long: as, <b>mēnsā-s</b>, <b>servō-s</b>, <b>rēgē-s</b>, <b>nāvī-s</b> or <b>nāvē-s</b>, <b>portū-s</b>, <b>rē-s</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec425" id = "sec425" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec425" href = "#inflection_noun_case">425</a>.</b> The ablative singular usually ends in the long vowel of the stem: as, <b>mēnsā</b>, <b>dominō</b>, <b>nāvī</b>, <b>portū</b>, <b>rē</b>. The @@ -8922,7 +8914,7 @@ as, <b>patre</b>, <i>father</i>; and that of substantive <b class = "locked">-i-</b> stems has <b class = "locked">-e</b> more commonly than <b class = "locked">-ī</b>: as, <b>nāve</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec426" id = "sec426" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec426" href = "#inflection_noun_case">426</a>.</b> The ablative singular of <b>-ā-</b> and <b>-o-</b> stems ended anciently in <b class = "locked">-ād</b> and <b class = "locked">-ōd</b> @@ -8933,7 +8925,7 @@ class = "smallroman">COVENTIONID</span>. But <b class = "locked">-d</b> is almost entirely confined to inscriptions and disappeared early (<a href = "#sec149">149</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec427" id = "sec427" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec427" href = "#inflection_noun_case">427</a>.</b> The genitive plural adds <b>-rum</b> to <b>-ā-</b>, <b>-o-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-ē-</b> stems: as, <b>mēnsā-rum</b>, <b>dominō-rum</b>, @@ -8941,7 +8933,7 @@ class = "locked">-ē-</b> stems: as, <b>mēnsā-rum</b>, <b>dominō-rum</b>, class = "locked">-i-</b> stems, and <b class = "locked">-u-</b> stems: as, <b>rēg-um</b>, <b>cīvi-um</b>, <b>portu-um</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec428" id = "sec428" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec428" href = "#inflection_noun_case">428</a>.</b> The dative and ablative plural are always alike: stems in <b>-ā-</b> and <b class = "locked">-o-</b> take <b class = "locked">-is</b>, which @@ -8951,14 +8943,14 @@ blends with the stem vowel (<a href = "#sec400">400</a>): as, <b>i</b>: as, <b>rēgi-bus</b>, <b>nāvi-bus</b>, <b>portu-bus</b> or <b>porti-bus</b>, <b>rē-bus</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page63" id = "page63"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page63"> 63</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec429" id = "sec429" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec429" href = "#inflection_noun_case">429</a>.</b> Some pronouns and a few adjectives have some peculiar case endings; see <a href = "#sec618">618-694</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec430" id = "sec430" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec430" href = "#inflection_noun_case">430</a>.</b> Many nouns are defective in case.</p> @@ -8981,7 +8973,7 @@ class = "locked">-su-</b>) have only the ablative (<a href = <b>secus</b>, <b>vīs</b>. Many adjectives ‘of one ending’ want the nominative and accusative neuter plural and genitive plural.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec431" id = "sec431" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec431" href = "#inflection_noun_case">431</a>.</b> Some adjectives are altogether indeclinable: as, <b>frūgī</b>, <i>thrifty</i>, an old dative; <b>nēquam</b>, <i>naughty</i>, an old @@ -8991,12 +8983,11 @@ attached to any case of a substantive without varying their own forms.</p> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a class = "error" name = -"inflection_noun_subst" id = "inflection_noun_subst" href = +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a class = "error" id = "inflection_noun_subst" href = "#inflection_noun" title = "title supplied from table of contents">THE SUBSTANTIVE.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "inflection_noun_a" id = "inflection_noun_a" href = +<h6><a id = "inflection_noun_a" href = "#inflection_noun_subst">STEMS IN <b>-ā-</b>.</a></h6> <p class = "center"><i>The First Declension.</i></p> @@ -9004,26 +8995,26 @@ SUBSTANTIVE.</a></h5> <p class = "center second">Genitive singular <b>-ae</b>, genitive plural <b class = "locked">-ā-rum</b>.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec432" id = "sec432" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec432" href = "#inflection_noun_a">432</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-ā-</b> include substantives and adjectives; both substantives and adjectives are feminine.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec433" id = "sec433" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec433" href = "#inflection_noun_a">433</a>.</b> Names of males are masculine (<a href = "#sec405">405</a>): as, <b>scrība</b>, <i>writer</i>; also <b>Hadria</b>, <i>the Adriatic</i>, and rarely <b>damma</b>, <i>deer</i>, and <b>talpa</b>, <i>mole</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec434" id = "sec434" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec434" href = "#inflection_noun_a">434</a>.</b> The nominative of stems in <b>-ā-</b> ends in the shortened stem vowel <b class = "locked">-a</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec435" id = "sec435" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec435" href = "#inflection_noun_a">435</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-ā-</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <col class = "box"> <col> <col> @@ -9113,11 +9104,11 @@ Stems in <b>-ā-</b> are declined as follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page64" id = "page64"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page64"> 64</a></span> <p class = "header">SINGULAR CASES.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec436" id = "sec436" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec436" href = "#inflection_noun_a">436</a>.</b> <b>-ā-</b> of the stem was shortened in the nominative and accusative singular at an early period (<a href = "#sec130">130</a>, <a href = @@ -9131,7 +9122,7 @@ class = "locked">-ās</b> are quoted (<a href = "#sec422">422</a>): enemies</i>. In the accusative singular <b class = "locked">-ām</b> occurs once: <b>inimīcitiā́m</b> (Enn.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec437" id = "sec437" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec437" href = "#inflection_noun_a">437</a>.</b> The genitive sometimes ends (1.) in <b>-āī</b> in poetry: as, <b>aulāī</b>, <i>of the hall</i>; <b>pīctāī</b>, <i>embroidered</i>; @@ -9143,7 +9134,7 @@ goodman</i>, <b>māter familiās</b>, <i>the housewife</i>. But <b>pater familiae</b>, or in the plural <b>patrēs familiārum</b>, is equally common.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec438" id = "sec438" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec438" href = "#inflection_noun_a">438</a>.</b> Town names and a few appellatives have a locative case in <b>-ae</b>: as, <b>Rōmae</b>, <i>at Rome</i>, <i>in Rome</i>; <b>mīlitiae</b>, <i>in @@ -9152,7 +9143,7 @@ war</i>, <i>in the field</i>, <i>in the army</i>.</p> <p class = "header">PLURAL CASES.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec439" id = "sec439" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec439" href = "#inflection_noun_a">439</a>.</b> Compounds ending with <b>-cola</b>, <i>inhabiting</i>, and <b>-gena</b>, <i>born</i>, and patronymics, sometimes have the genitive plural in <b @@ -9164,7 +9155,7 @@ occupants of heaven</i>; <b>Graiugenū̆m</b>, <i>of Greek-born men</i>; the Crotona people</i>. Others in <b class = "locked">-ŭm</b> are <b>drachmŭm</b>, <b>amphorū̆m</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec440" id = "sec440" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec440" href = "#inflection_noun_a">440</a>.</b> In the dative and ablative plural, <b>-eis</b> sometimes occurs (<a href = "#sec443">443</a>): as, <b>tueis ingrātieis</b>, <i>against your @@ -9173,7 +9164,7 @@ single <b>ī</b>: as, <b>pecūnīs</b>, <i>by moneys</i> (Cic.); <b>taenīs</b>, <i>with fillets</i> (Verg.); <b>nōnīs Iūnīs</b>, <i>on the fifth of June</i> (Cic.). See <a href = "#sec24">24</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec441" id = "sec441" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec441" href = "#inflection_noun_a">441</a>.</b> In the dative and ablative plural, words in <b>-āia</b>, or plural <b class = "locked">-āiae</b>, have <b class = "locked">-āīs</b>, and those @@ -9182,7 +9173,7 @@ href = "#sec127">127, 7</a>): as <span class = "smallroman">KAL. MAIS</span>, <i>on the calends of May</i> (inscr.); <b>Bāīs</b>, <i>at Bajae</i> (Hor.); <b>plēbēīs</b>, <i>plebeian</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec442" id = "sec442" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec442" href = "#inflection_noun_a">442</a>.</b> The dative and ablative plural sometimes end in <b>-ābus</b>, particularly in <b>deābus</b>, <i>goddesses</i>, and <b>fīliābus</b>, @@ -9190,7 +9181,7 @@ particularly in <b>deābus</b>, <i>goddesses</i>, and <b>fīliābus</b>, <b>fīliīs</b>, <i>sons</i>. <b>ambae</b>, <i>both</i>, and <b>duae</b>, <i>two</i>, regularly have <b>ambābus</b> and <b>duābus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec443" id = "sec443" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec443" href = "#inflection_noun_a">443</a>.</b> Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -9229,7 +9220,7 @@ Cornīscīs</b>. Ab. <b class = "locked">-ēs</b> once (<a href = <p class = "header">GREEK NOUNS.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec444" id = "sec444" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec444" href = "#inflection_noun_a">444</a>.</b> Greek appellatives always take a Latin form in the dative singular and in the plural, and usually throughout: thus, <b>poēta</b>, M., @@ -9243,9 +9234,9 @@ late writers: as, N. <b>grammaticē</b>, <i>philology</i>, G. <b>grammaticēs</b>, Ac. <b>grammaticēn</b>, Ab. <b>grammaticē</b> (Quintil.).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page65" id = "page65"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page65"> 65</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec445" id = "sec445" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec445" href = "#inflection_noun_a">445</a>.</b> Greek proper names sometimes have the following forms. Nominative masculine <b class = "locked">-ās</b>, <b class = "locked">-ēs</b>: as, @@ -9261,7 +9252,7 @@ class = "locked">-ē</b>: as, <b>Tīsiphonē</b>. Vocative <b class = <b>Boōtē</b>; <b class = "locked">-dē</b>: as, <b>Aeacidē</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_noun_o" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_noun_o" href = "#inflection_noun_subst">STEMS IN <b>-o-</b>.</a></h6> @@ -9270,31 +9261,31 @@ class = "locked">-ē</b>: as, <b>Tīsiphonē</b>. Vocative <b class = <p class = "center second">Genitive singular <b>-ī</b>, genitive plural <b class = "locked">-ō-rum</b>.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec446" id = "sec446" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec446" href = "#inflection_noun_o">446</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-o-</b> include substantives and adjectives, masculine or neuter.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec447" id = "sec447" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec447" href = "#inflection_noun_o">447</a>.</b> Most names of plants in <b>-us</b> are feminine (<a href = "#sec407">407</a>); also the following: <b>alvos</b> or <b>alvus</b>, <i>belly</i>, <b>colus</b>, <i>distaff</i>, <b>domus</b>, <i>house</i>, <b>humus</b>, <i>ground</i>, <b>vannus</b>, <i>fan</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec448" id = "sec448" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec448" href = "#inflection_noun_o">448</a>.</b> The nominative of masculines ends, including the stem vowel, in <b class = "locked">-o-s</b>, or usually <b class = "locked">-u-s</b>; some end in <b class = "locked">-r</b>; neuters end in <b class = "locked">-o-m</b>, or usually <b class = "locked">-u-m</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec449" id = "sec449" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec449" href = "#inflection_noun_o">449</a>.</b> (1.) Stems in <b>-o-</b> with the nominative in <b>-us</b> or <b class = "locked">-um</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -9400,7 +9391,7 @@ in <b class = "locked">-r</b>; neuters end in <b class = </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec450" id = "sec450" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec450" href = "#inflection_noun_o">450</a>.</b> <b>deus</b>, <i>god</i>, is declined as follows: N. <b>deus</b>, G. <b>deī</b>, D. and Ab. <b>deō</b>, Ac. <b>deum</b>. Plural: N. @@ -9408,15 +9399,15 @@ in <b class = "locked">-r</b>; neuters end in <b class = <b>deŭm</b>, D. and Ab. <b>deīs</b>, <b>di͡is</b>, commonly <b>dīs</b>, Ac. <b>deōs</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page66" id = "page66"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page66"> 66</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec451" id = "sec451" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec451" href = "#inflection_noun_o">451</a>.</b> (2.) Stems in <b>-o-</b> with the nominative in <b>-r</b> or in <b class = "locked">-āius</b>, <b class = "locked">-ēius</b>, or <b class = "locked">-ōius</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -9510,7 +9501,7 @@ Ac. <b>deōs</b>.</p> <p class = "header">SINGULAR CASES.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec452" id = "sec452" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec452" href = "#inflection_noun_o">452</a>.</b> <b>-us</b> and <b>-um</b> were originally <b>-os</b> and <b>-om</b>. But <b class = "locked">-us</b> was used in the earliest times, <b class = @@ -9528,7 +9519,7 @@ class = "locked">-quos</b> and <b class = "locked">-quom</b> (<a href = = "locked">-e</b> was always used, and is retained by Plautus in <b>puere</b>, <i>thou boy</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec453" id = "sec453" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec453" href = "#inflection_noun_o">453</a>.</b> Words in <b>-rus</b> with a long penult, as, <b>sevērus</b>, <i>stern</i>, and the following substantives with a short penult are @@ -9545,7 +9536,7 @@ declined like <b>domimus</b> (<a href = "#sec449">449</a>):</p> <p class = "fourth">For adjective stems in <b>-ro-</b> with nominative <b class = "locked">-rus</b>, see <a href = "#sec615">615</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec454" id = "sec454" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec454" href = "#inflection_noun_o">454</a>.</b> Masculine stems in <b>-ro-</b> preceded by a short vowel or a mute, except those above (<a href = "#sec453">453</a>), drop <b class = @@ -9573,9 +9564,9 @@ cases:</p> "locked">-ro-</b> with nominative <b class = "locked">-r</b>, see <a href = "#sec616">616</a>. Once <b>socerus</b> (Pl.).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page67" id = "page67"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page67"> 67</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec455" id = "sec455" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec455" href = "#inflection_noun_o">455</a>.</b> <b>nihilum</b>, <i>nothing</i>, usually drops <b>-um</b> in the nominative and accusative, becoming <b>nihil</b> or <b>nīl</b>, and @@ -9585,7 +9576,7 @@ similarly <b>nōn</b>, <i>not</i>, may be for <b>noenum</b>, <i>slave</i>, by Ennius and Lucretius, once each (<a href = "#sec111b">111, <i>b</i></a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec456" id = "sec456" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec456" href = "#inflection_noun_o">456</a>.</b> Substantives ending in <b>-ius</b> or <b>-ium</b> (but never adjectives), have commonly a single <b class = "locked">-ī</b> in the @@ -9595,7 +9586,7 @@ genitive singular: as,</p> "#sec87">87</a>); <b>fīlius</b>, <i>son</i>, G. <b>fīlī</b>; <b>cōnūbium</b>, <i>marriage</i>, G. <b>cōnūbī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec457" id = "sec457" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec457" href = "#inflection_noun_o">457</a>.</b> Vergil has once a genitive <b>-iī</b>, <b>fluviī</b>, <i>river’s</i>. Propertius has <b class = "locked">-iī</b> two or three times; with @@ -9606,7 +9597,7 @@ family names almost always retain a single <b class = "locked">-ī</b>. Locatives have <b class = "locked">-iī</b>: as, <b>Iconiī</b> (Cic.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec458" id = "sec458" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec458" href = "#inflection_noun_o">458</a>.</b> Proper names ending in <b>-āius</b>, <b>-ēius</b>, or <b>-ōius</b> have <b class = "locked">-āī</b>, <b class = "locked">-ēī</b>, or <b class = @@ -9621,7 +9612,7 @@ Ab. Pl. <b>Gāīs</b>; <b>Pompēī</b>, <b>Pompēīs</b>; <b>Bōī</b>, sometimes made one syllable (<a href = "#sec120">120</a>): as, <b>Pompe͡i</b>; <b>Volte͡i</b> (Hor.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec459" id = "sec459" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec459" href = "#inflection_noun_o">459</a>.</b> Latin proper names in <b>-ius</b> have the vocative in <b>-ī</b> only: as,</p> @@ -9632,7 +9623,7 @@ also, <b>fīlius</b>, <b>fīlī</b>, <i>son</i>; <b>genius</b>, <b>genī</b>, <i>good angel</i>; <b>volturius</b>, <b>volturī</b>, <i>vulture</i>; <b>meus</b>, <b>mī</b>, <i>my</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec460" id = "sec460" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec460" href = "#inflection_noun_o">460</a>.</b> Town names and a few appellatives have a locative case in <b>-ī</b>: as, <b>Ephesī</b>, <i>in Ephesus</i>; <b>humī</b>, <i>on the ground</i>; @@ -9641,7 +9632,7 @@ Town names and a few appellatives have a locative case in <b>-ī</b>: as, <p class = "header">PLURAL CASES.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec461" id = "sec461" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec461" href = "#inflection_noun_o">461</a>.</b> In the nominative plural masculine, <b>-ei</b> sometimes occurs (<a href = "#sec465">465</a>): as, <b>nātei geminei</b>, <i>twins born</i> @@ -9657,7 +9648,7 @@ anciently in <b class = "locked">-ā</b> (<a href = "#sec130">130, 2</a>). But <b class = "locked">-ā</b> was shortened at an early period.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec462" id = "sec462" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec462" href = "#inflection_noun_o">462</a>.</b> In the common genitive plural <b>-ōrum</b>, the <b>-o-</b> of the stem is lengthened (<a href = "#sec123">123</a>). A genitive plural in @@ -9672,7 +9663,7 @@ with numerals; and from cardinals and distributives (<a href = was originally long (<a href = "#sec132">132</a>); but it was shortened before 100 <span class = "smallroman">A.D.</span></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec463" id = "sec463" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec463" href = "#inflection_noun_o">463</a>.</b> Other masculine substantives have occasionally this genitive: as, <b>līberū̆m</b>, <i>of children</i>; particularly in set phrases and in @@ -9681,7 +9672,7 @@ verse: as, <b>centuria fabrū̆m</b>, <i>century of mechanics</i>; <b>oppidū̆m</b>, for <b>oppidōrum</b>, <i>of towns</i>, and with adjectives it is rare.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec464" id = "sec464" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec464" href = "#inflection_noun_o">464</a>.</b> In the dative and ablative plural, <b>-eis</b> is rare (<a href = "#sec98">98</a>): as, <b>Epidamnieis</b> (Plaut.). Stems in <b class = @@ -9691,9 +9682,9 @@ In the dative and ablative plural, <b>-eis</b> is rare (<a href = "#sec458">458</a>. <b>ambō</b>, <i>both</i>, and <b>duo</b>, <i>two</i>, have <b>ambōbus</b> and <b>duōbus</b> (<a href = "#sec640">640</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page68" id = "page68"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page68"> 68</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec465" id = "sec465" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec465" href = "#inflection_noun_o">465</a>.</b> Other case forms are found in inscriptions as follows:</p> @@ -9746,7 +9737,7 @@ class = "smallroman">ANTIQVEIS</span>; <span class = <p class = "header">GREEK NOUNS.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec466" id = "sec466" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec466" href = "#inflection_noun_o">466</a>.</b> Greek stems in <b>-o-</b> are generally declined like Latin nouns, but in the singular sometimes have <b class = "locked">-os</b> in the @@ -9765,7 +9756,7 @@ bearers</i>. Plural: nominative <b>Adelphoe</b>, <i>the Brothers</i>; <b>Athŏ̄s</b> and <b>Panthūs</b>, see the dictionary.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_noun_cons" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_noun_cons" href = "#inflection_noun_subst">CONSONANT STEMS.</a></h6> @@ -9774,7 +9765,7 @@ STEMS.</a></h6> <p class = "center second">Genitive singular <b>-is</b>, genitive plural <b class = "locked">-um</b>.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec467" id = "sec467" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec467" href = "#inflection_noun_cons">467</a>.</b> Consonant stems are mostly substantive, and include both gender words and neuters.</p> @@ -9782,7 +9773,7 @@ and neuters.</p> <p class = "third">Comparatives and a few other words are adjective. For the gender of substantives, see <a href = "#sec570">570</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec468" id = "sec468" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec468" href = "#inflection_noun_cons">468</a>.</b> The nominative of consonant stems ends in <b>-s</b> (or <b class = "locked">-x</b>); or in <b class = "locked">-n</b> (<b class = @@ -9790,7 +9781,7 @@ The nominative of consonant stems ends in <b>-s</b> (or <b class = "locked">-r</b>, or <b class = "locked">-s</b> of the stem, rarely in <b class = "locked">-c</b> or <b class = "locked">-t</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec469" id = "sec469" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec469" href = "#inflection_noun_cons">469</a>.</b> Most consonant stems have one syllable less in the nominative than in the genitive.</p> @@ -9799,13 +9790,13 @@ the genitive.</p> <i>Imparisyllables</i>: as, nominative <b>rēx</b>, <i>king</i>, one syllable; genitive <b>rēgis</b>, <i>of a king</i>, two syllables.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec470" id = "sec470" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec470" href = "#inflection_noun_cons">470</a>.</b> Many consonant stems have a double form: one form used in the nominative singular (neuters have this form in the accusative also), another form in the other cases: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page69" id = "page69"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page69"> 69</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>iūdex</b>, <i>juror</i>, stem of nominative <b>iūdec-</b> (<a href = "#sec136">136, 2</a>), of other cases @@ -9828,16 +9819,16 @@ instances the stem of the oblique cases is taken for brevity to represent both forms of the stem.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "inflection_noun_cons_1" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "inflection_noun_cons_1" href = "#inflection_noun_cons">I. MUTE STEMS.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec471" id = "sec471" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec471" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">471</a>.</b> (1.) Stems in a guttural mute, <b>-g-</b> or <b>-c-</b>, are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -9941,12 +9932,12 @@ case ending in the singular, and <b class = "locked">-a</b> in the plural. In the other cases they have the same case endings as gender stems.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec472" id = "sec472" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec472" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">472</a>.</b> (<i>a.</i>) Examples of stems in <b>-g-</b>, with nominative <b>-x</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-gis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>-ex</b>, <b>-egis</b></td> <td><b>grex</b>, M., (F.), <i>herd</i>; <b>aquilex</b>, M., @@ -9978,14 +9969,14 @@ genitive <b class = "locked">-gis</b>, are:</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page70" id = "page70"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page70"> 70</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec473" id = "sec473" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec473" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">473</a>.</b> (<i>b.</i>) Examples of stems in <b>-c-</b>, with nominative <b>-x</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-cis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td class = "locked"><b>-ax</b>, <b>-acis</b></td> <td><b>fax</b>, F., <i>torch</i>, no G. Pl. in good writers <!-- what @@ -10056,12 +10047,12 @@ M., <i>cup</i>; <b>filix</b>, <i>fern</i>; <b>fulix</b>, <i>gull</i>; </tr> </table> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec474" id = "sec474" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec474" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">474</a>.</b> (2.) Stems in a dental mute, <b>-d-</b> or <b>-t-</b>, are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <td>Examples</td> @@ -10161,14 +10152,14 @@ follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page71" id = "page71"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page71"> 71</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec475" id = "sec475" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec475" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">475</a>.</b> (<i>a.</i>) Examples of stems in <b>-d-</b>, with nominative <b>-s</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-dis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>-as</b>, <b>-adis</b></td> <td><b>vas</b>, M., F., <i>personal surety</i>, no G. Pl. (<a href = @@ -10218,7 +10209,7 @@ nominative once in Horace <b>palus</b>, as from an <b>-o-</b> stem; </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec476" id = "sec476" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec476" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">476</a>.</b> <b>sēdēs</b>, F., <i>seat</i>, has an <b>-s-</b> stem, namely <b class = "locked">-ēs</b> (<a href = "#sec236">236</a>), in the nominative, and @@ -10229,12 +10220,12 @@ neuter stem in <b class = "locked">-d-</b>, with nominative <b class = (<a href = "#sec171">171, 2</a>), <i>heart</i>, <b>cordis</b>, no G. Pl. (<a href = "#sec430">430</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec477" id = "sec477" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec477" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">477</a>.</b> (<i>b.</i>) Examples of stems in <b>-t-</b>, with nominative <b>-s</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-tis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td class = "locked"><b>-as</b>, <b>-atis</b></td> <td><b>anas</b>, F., <i>duck</i>; G. Pl. also <b>anitum</b> (Cic.), and @@ -10297,9 +10288,9 @@ with a plural.</td> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page72" id = "page72"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page72"> 72</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec478" id = "sec478" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec478" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">478</a>.</b> <b>vātēs</b>, <i>bard</i>, has an <b>-s-</b> stem, namely <b>-ēs</b> (<a href = "#sec236">236</a>), in the nominative, and <b>vāt-</b> in the @@ -10314,7 +10305,7 @@ head</i> and <b>sinciput</b>, <i>jole</i>. <b>lac</b>, Ne., <i>milk</i>, "#sec171">171, 2</a>); acc. <b>lactem</b> occurs in Petronius once and later.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec479" id = "sec479" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec479" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">479</a>.</b> (3.) Stems in a labial mute, <b>-b-</b> or <b>-p-</b>, are declined as follows:</p> @@ -10329,13 +10320,13 @@ D. <b>mūnicipī</b>, Ac. <b>mūnicipem</b>, Ab. <b>mūnicipe</b>. Plural: N. <b>mūnicipēs</b>, G. <b>mūnicipum</b>, D. <b>mūnicipibus</b>, Ac. <b>mūnicipēs</b>, Ab. <b>mūnicipibus</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec480" id = "sec480" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec480" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_1">480</a>.</b> Examples of stems in <b>-b-</b> or <b>-p-</b>, with nominative <b class = "locked">-s</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-bis</b> or <b class = "locked">-pis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td class = "locked"><b>-ebs</b>, <b>-ibis</b></td> <td><b>caelebs</b>, <i>unmarried</i>, adjective, the only stem in @@ -10371,15 +10362,15 @@ adjectives.</td> </table> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "inflection_noun_cons_2" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "inflection_noun_cons_2" href = "#inflection_noun_cons">II. STEMS IN A CONTINUOUS CONSONANT.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec481" id = "sec481" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec481" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">481</a>.</b> (1.) Stems in <b>-l-</b> and <b>-n-</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -10479,14 +10470,14 @@ CONTINUOUS CONSONANT.</a></p> </tbody> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page73" id = "page73"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page73"> 73</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec482" id = "sec482" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec482" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">482</a>.</b> Examples of stems in <b>-l-</b>, with nominative <b>-l</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-lis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td class = "locked"><b>-āl</b>, <b>-alis</b></td> <td><b>sāl</b>, M., <i>salt</i>, sometimes Ne. in the singular; no G. @@ -10515,7 +10506,7 @@ Ne., <i>gall</i>; <b>mel</b>, Ne., <i>honey</i>; plural only </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec483" id = "sec483" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec483" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">483</a>.</b> (<i>a.</i>) Examples of stems in <b>-n-</b>, with nominative <b>-en</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-inis</b>, are:</p> @@ -10526,7 +10517,7 @@ genitive <b class = "locked">-inis</b>, are:</p> class = "locked">-men</b> (<a href = "#sec224">224</a>): as, <b>certāmen</b>, <i>contest</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec484" id = "sec484" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec484" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">484</a>.</b> (b.) Examples of stems in <b>-n-</b>, with nominative <b>-ō</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-ōnis</b>, are:</p> @@ -10539,7 +10530,7 @@ Feminine abstracts in <b class = "locked">-iō</b> (<a href = = "locked">-siō</b> (<a href = "#sec228">228</a>): as, <b>opīniō</b>, <i>notion</i>; <b>cōgitātiō</b>, <i>thought</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec485" id = "sec485" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec485" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">485</a>.</b> (c.) Examples of stems in <b>-n-</b>, with nominative <b>-ō</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-inis</b>, are:</p> @@ -10559,7 +10550,7 @@ G. and Ab., <b>nūllī̆us</b> and <b>nūllō</b> are generally used; "#sec264">264</a>): as, <b>cupīdō</b>, also M., <i>desire</i>; <b>imāgō</b>, <i>likeness</i>; <b>sōlitūdō</b>, <i>loneliness</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec486" id = "sec486" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec486" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">486</a>.</b> <b>sanguī̆s</b>, M., <i>blood</i>, stem <b>sanguin-</b>, takes <b class = "locked">-s</b> in the nominative (<a href = @@ -10569,11 +10560,11 @@ G. and Ab., <b>nūllī̆us</b> and <b>nūllō</b> are generally used; "locked">-i-</b> stems. For <b>senex</b>, <i>old man</i>, see <a href = "#sec500">500</a>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec487" id = "sec487" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec487" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">487</a>.</b> (2.) Stems in <b>-r-</b> and <b>-s-</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -10673,9 +10664,9 @@ G. and Ab., <b>nūllī̆us</b> and <b>nūllō</b> are generally used; </tbody> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page74" id = "page74"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page74"> 74</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec488" id = "sec488" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec488" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">488</a>.</b> Many stems in <b>-r-</b> ended originally in <b>-s-</b>, which became <b class = "locked">-r-</b> between two vowels, and in some words in the @@ -10683,12 +10674,12 @@ nominative also (<a href = "#sec154">154</a>): as, <b>flōs</b>, M., <i>flower</i>, G. <b>*flōsis</b>, <b>flōris</b>; <b>honōs</b>, M., <i>honour</i>, G. <b>honōris</b>, N. <b>honor</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec489" id = "sec489" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec489" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">489</a>.</b> (a.) Examples of stems in <b>-r-</b>, with nominative <b>-r</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-ris</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>-ar</b>, <b>-aris</b></td> <td><b>baccar</b>, Ne., <i>a plant</i>; <b>iūbar</b>, Ne., rarely M., @@ -10766,18 +10757,18 @@ Ne., <i>spelt</i>; Pl. only N. and Ac. <b>farra</b>.</td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec490" id = "sec490" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec490" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">490</a>.</b> <b>volucris</b>, F., <i>bird</i>, stem <b>volucr-</b>, has its nominative formed like that of <b class = "locked">-i-</b> stems.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec491" id = "sec491" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec491" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">491</a>.</b> (b.) Examples of stems in <b>-s-</b>, or <b>-r-</b> for <b>-s-</b>, with nominative <b class = "locked">-s</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-ris</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td class = "locked"><b>-aes</b>, <b>-aeris</b></td> <td><b>aes</b>, Ne., <i>copper</i>, <i>bronze</i>; in the Pl. only @@ -10809,7 +10800,7 @@ and some old Latin words for later <b>-or</b>: as, <b>odōs</b> or <i>mouth</i>, <i>face</i>, no G. Pl. (<a href = "#sec430">430</a>).</td> </tr> <tr> -<td><span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page75" id = "page75"> +<td><span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page75"> 75</a></span> <b>-us</b>, <b>-eris</b></td> <td>Neuters: <b>acus</b>, <i>husk</i>; <b>foedus</b>, <i>treaty</i>; @@ -10850,7 +10841,7 @@ adjective.</td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec492" id = "sec492" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec492" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">492</a>.</b> <b>vās</b>, Ne., <i>vessel</i>, <i>utensil</i>, retains the <b>s</b> between two vowels: G. <b>vāsis</b>, D. <b>vāsī</b>, Ab. <b>vāse</b>, @@ -10863,7 +10854,7 @@ class = "locked">-i-</b> stems; G. Pl. <b>mēnsum</b>, sometimes "#sec171">171, 1</a>) Ne., <i>bone</i>, <b>ossis</b>, has no G. Pl. in good writers (<a href = "#sec430">430</a>): <b>ossium</b> late.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec493" id = "sec493" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec493" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_2">493</a>.</b> The two neuters <b>vīrus</b>, <i>gall</i>, <i>poison</i>, and <b>volgus</b> or <b>vulgus</b>, <i>the crowd</i>, have <b class = @@ -10875,11 +10866,11 @@ The two neuters <b>vīrus</b>, <i>gall</i>, <i>poison</i>, and Pl. N. and Ac. <b>pelagē</b> (<a href = "#sec508">508</a>).</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "inflection_noun_cons_3" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "inflection_noun_cons_3" href = "#inflection_noun_cons">III. STEMS IN <b>-u-</b> OR <b class = "locked">-v-</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec494" id = "sec494" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec494" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">494</a>.</b> Four substantives with stems in <b>-ū-</b> or <b>-v-</b>, <b>grūs</b>, F., <i>crane</i>, <b>gruis</b>; <b>sūs</b>, M., F., <i>sow</i>, @@ -10898,7 +10889,7 @@ in good writers (<a href = "#sec430">430</a>): <b>nivium</b> late, once <p class = "header">SINGULAR CASES.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec495" id = "sec495" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec495" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">495</a>.</b> (1.) The nominative singular of gender stems in a mute is formed by adding <b class = "locked">-s</b> to the stem (<a href = @@ -10916,7 +10907,7 @@ only stem in <b class = "locked">-m-</b>, N. <b>hiemps</b> (<a href = "#sec167">167</a>) or <b>hiems</b>, also takes <b class = "locked">-s</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec496" id = "sec496" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec496" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">496</a>.</b> (2.) Stems in a continuous consonant, <b>-l-</b>, <b>-n-</b>, <b class = "locked">-r-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-s-</b>, and neuters have no @@ -10934,9 +10925,9 @@ nominative suffix (<a href = "#sec422">422</a>, <a href = "#sec486">486</a>; <b class = "locked">-s</b> in neuter adjectives, <a href = "#sec612">612</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page76" id = "page76"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page76"> 76</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec497" id = "sec497" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec497" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">497</a>.</b> (a.) Stems in <b>-ōn-</b> drop <b>-n-</b> in the nominative; stems in <b class = "locked">-in-</b> for <b class = "locked">-on-</b> drop <b class @@ -10945,7 +10936,7 @@ class = "locked">-in-</b> for <b class = "locked">-on-</b> drop <b class <p class = "fourth"><b>leōn-</b>, <i>lion</i>, N. <b>leō</b>; <b>imāgin-</b> for <b>imāgon-</b>, <i>likeness</i>, N. <b>imāgō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec498" id = "sec498" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec498" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">498</a>.</b> (b.) Stems of one syllable in <b>-r-</b> for <b>-s-</b> usually retain <b class = "locked">-s</b> in the nominative: as, <b>flōr-</b> for @@ -10957,7 +10948,7 @@ to <b class = "locked">-r</b>, and in masculines a preceding <b>ō</b> is shortened: as, <b>odōs</b>, <i>smell</i>, <b>odor</b>. <b>lepōs</b>, <i>grace</i>, retains <b class = "locked">-ōs</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec499" id = "sec499" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec499" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">499</a>.</b> (c.) Four stems in <b>-er-</b> for <b>-is-</b> have the nominative singular in <b class = "locked">-is</b>: <b>cinis</b>, <i>ashes</i>, @@ -10966,7 +10957,7 @@ singular in <b class = "locked">-is</b>: <b>cinis</b>, <i>ashes</i>, <b>vōmis</b>, oftener <b>vōmer</b>, <i>ploughshare</i>, <b>vōmeris</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec500" id = "sec500" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec500" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">500</a>.</b> The following have the nominative singular formed from a different stem from that of the other cases (<a href = "#sec401">401</a>):</p> @@ -10985,13 +10976,13 @@ person</i> (<a href = "#sec486">486</a>), <b>volucris</b>, <i>bird</i> = "#sec492">492</a>), have their nominatives formed like those of <b class = "locked">-i-</b> stems.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec501" id = "sec501" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec501" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">501</a>.</b> An old dative in <b>-ē</b> is sometimes retained in set phrases (<a href = "#sec507">507</a>): as, <b>aerē</b>, <i>money</i>; <b>iūrē</b>, <i>right</i>. See <a href = "#sec98">98</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec502" id = "sec502" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec502" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">502</a>.</b> Substantives have rarely an ablative in <b>-ī</b> or <b>-ei</b> like <b class = "locked">-i-</b> stems: as, <b>capitī</b> (Catull.), @@ -11003,7 +10994,7 @@ often <b class = "locked">-e</b>: <ins class = "correction" title = glide</i>. For <b class = "locked">-ē</b> in old Latin there is no certain evidence.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec503" id = "sec503" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec503" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">503</a>.</b> Adjectives in the comparative degree have sometimes an ablative in <b class = "locked">-ī</b>: as, <b>meliōrī</b>, better, for <b>meliōre</b>. @@ -11011,7 +11002,7 @@ Adjectives ‘of one ending’ with consonant stems (<a href = "#sec624">624</a>) have always <b class = "locked">-e</b>, except <b>vetus</b>, <i>old</i>, which has sometimes <b>veterī</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec504" id = "sec504" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec504" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">504</a>.</b> Town names and a few appellatives have a locative case in <b>-ī</b>: as, <b>Karthāginī</b>, <i>at Carthage</i>; <b>rūrī</b>, <i>a-field</i>, @@ -11020,7 +11011,7 @@ Town names and a few appellatives have a locative case in <b>-ī</b>: as, <p class = "header">PLURAL CASES.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec505" id = "sec505" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec505" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">505</a>.</b> The nominative and accusative plural masculine and feminine have rarely <b class = "locked">-īs</b>, like stems in <b class = "locked">-i-</b>: @@ -11028,7 +11019,7 @@ as <b>sacerdōtīs</b>, <i>priests</i>; <b>meliōrīs</b>, <i>better</i>. For <b class = "locked">-ā</b> in neuters in old Latin, see <a href = "#sec130">130</a>, 2.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec506" id = "sec506" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec506" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">506</a>.</b> The genitive plural of stems in <b>-tāt-</b> (<a href = "#sec262">262</a>) is sometimes <b class = "locked">-ium</b>, like that @@ -11040,7 +11031,7 @@ chiefly in or after the Augustan age. <b>mēnsis</b>, <i>month</i>, has verse. For the dative and ablative <b class = "locked">-būs</b>, see <a href = "#sec2505">2505</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec507" id = "sec507" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec507" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">507</a>.</b> Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -11074,11 +11065,11 @@ class = "smallroman">MVNICIPIVM</span>. D. <b class = "smallroman">MVNICIPIS</span>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page77" id = "page77"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page77"> 77</a></span> <p class = "header">GREEK NOUNS.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec508" id = "sec508" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec508" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">508</a>.</b> Greek appellatives of the consonant declension occasionally retain Greek case endings: as, <b>lampas</b>, <i>torch</i>, G. <b>lampados</b>, Ac. @@ -11094,7 +11085,7 @@ as, <b>cētē</b>. Genitive <b class = "locked">-ōn</b>, rare: as, = "locked">-matis</b>: as, <b>poēmatīs</b>, <i>poems</i> (<a href = "#sec401">401</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec509" id = "sec509" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec509" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">509</a>.</b> Greek proper names of the consonant declension are usually declined like Latin ones in old Latin and prose. From Vergil and Propertius on, Greek @@ -11117,7 +11108,7 @@ the vocative. Plural: Nominative <b class = "locked">-es</b>: as, as, <b>Lelegas</b>; in prose, <b>Macedonas</b>; also in words not Greek: as, <b>Allobrogas</b> (Caes.).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec510" id = "sec510" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec510" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">510</a>.</b> Names in <b>-eus</b>, like <b>Orpheus</b>, are usually declined like <b class = "locked">-o-</b> stems (<a href = "#sec449">449</a>). They have @@ -11125,7 +11116,7 @@ less frequently Greek forms: as, G. <b>Orpheos</b>, D. <b>Orphei</b> or <b>Orphī</b>, Ac. <b>Orphea</b>. Accusative rarely <b class = "locked">-ēa</b>: as, <b>Ī̆lonēa</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec511" id = "sec511" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec511" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">511</a>.</b> Some names in <b>-ēs</b> have the genitive in <b>-is</b> or <b>-ī</b> and the accusative in <b class = "locked">-em</b> or <b class = @@ -11136,7 +11127,7 @@ and the accusative in <b class = "locked">-em</b> or <b class = "locked">-ī</b>. Names in <b class = "locked">-clēs</b> have rarely the accusative <b class = "locked">-clea</b>: as, <b>Periclea</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec512" id = "sec512" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec512" href = "#inflection_noun_cons_3">512</a>.</b> Some names in <b>-is</b> have forms either from a stem in <b>-id-</b>, or from one in <b class = "locked">-i-</b>: as, <b>Paris</b>, G. @@ -11144,7 +11135,7 @@ or from one in <b class = "locked">-i-</b>: as, <b>Paris</b>, G. <b>Parin</b>, V. <b>Pari</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_noun_i" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_noun_i" href = "#inflection_noun_subst">STEMS IN -i- AND MIXED STEMS.</a></h6> @@ -11153,7 +11144,7 @@ MIXED STEMS.</a></h6> <p class = "center second">Genitive singular <b>-is</b>, genitive plural <b class = "locked">-i-um</b>.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec513" id = "sec513" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec513" href = "#inflection_noun_i">513</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-i-</b> include both substantives and adjectives, gender words and neuters.</p> @@ -11161,7 +11152,7 @@ words and neuters.</p> <p class = "fourth">For the gender of substantives, see <a href = "#sec570">570</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec514" id = "sec514" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec514" href = "#inflection_noun_i">514</a>.</b> The nominative of gender stems in <b>-i-</b> ends usually in <b class = "locked">-s</b> (or <b class = "locked">-x</b>), sometimes in <b @@ -11170,19 +11161,19 @@ substantives has no suffix, and ends usually in <b class = "locked">-e</b>, sometimes in <b class = "locked">-l</b> or <b class = "locked">-r</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec515" id = "sec515" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec515" href = "#inflection_noun_i">515</a>.</b> Most stems in <b>-i-</b> have as many syllables in the nominative as in the genitive.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page78" id = "page78"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page78"> 78</a></span> <p class = "third">Such words are called <i>Parisyllabic</i> words, or <i>Parisyllables</i>: as, nominative <b>cīvis</b>, <i>citizen</i>, two syllables; genitive <b>cīvis</b>, <i>of a citizen</i>, also two syllables.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec516" id = "sec516" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec516" href = "#inflection_noun_i">516</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-i-</b> are declined in the main like consonant stems, but have <b class = "locked">-im</b> in the accusative of some substantives, @@ -11193,16 +11184,16 @@ the accusative of gender words, and <b class = "locked">-ia</b> in the nominative and accusative neuter.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "inflection_noun_i_1" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "inflection_noun_i_1" href = "#inflection_noun_i">I. PARISYLLABLES.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec517" id = "sec517" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec517" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">517</a>.</b> (1.) Parisyllabic gender stems in <b>-i-</b> with the nominative in <b class = "locked">-is</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -11315,7 +11306,7 @@ class = "locked">-is</b> are declined as follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec518" id = "sec518" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec518" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">518</a>.</b> (a.) Like the singular of <b>tussis</b> are declined parisyllabic names of rivers and places, like <b>Tiberis</b>, <b>Hispalis</b>. Also @@ -11327,7 +11318,7 @@ Ac. <b>sitim</b>, Ab. <b>sitī</b>, no plural; and <b>vīs</b>, F., <b>vīribus</b>, Ac. <b>vīrīs</b> or <b>vīrēs</b>. (The D. <b>vī</b> is only found twice; a N. and Ac. Pl. <b>vīs</b> is very rare.)</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec519" id = "sec519" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec519" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">519</a>.</b> (b.) The following feminines are declined like <b>turris</b>, with <b class = "locked">-im</b> or <b class = "locked">-em</b> in the @@ -11348,7 +11339,7 @@ Liger</i>. <b>Arar</b>, <i>the Arar</i>, has in the accusative <b class = "locked">-im</b>, in the ablative <b class = "locked">-e</b> or <b class = "locked">-ī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec520" id = "sec520" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec520" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">520</a>.</b> <b>secūris</b>, <i>axe</i>, <b>messis</b>, <i>crop</i>, and <b>restis</b>, <i>rope</i>, also have <b class = "locked">-im</b> or <b @@ -11357,9 +11348,9 @@ class = "locked">-em</b> in the accusative, but only <b>secūrī</b>, <i>conduit</i>, has only <b class = "locked">-em</b> in the accusative, and only <b class = "locked">-ī</b> in the ablative.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page79" id = "page79"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page79"> 79</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec521" id = "sec521" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec521" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">521</a>.</b> (c.) The following are declined like <b>amnis</b>, with <b>-em</b> in the accusative, and <b class = "locked">-ī</b> or <b class = @@ -11374,7 +11365,7 @@ the accusative, and <b class = "locked">-ī</b> or <b class = <p><b>ignis</b>, <i>fire</i></p> </div> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec522" id = "sec522" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec522" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">522</a>.</b> (<i><ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">d.</ins></i>) Most parisyllabic stems in <b class = "locked">-i-</b>, with the nominative @@ -11387,7 +11378,7 @@ others. Also gender forms of adjectives in <b class = "locked">-i-</b> ‘of two endings’ (<a href = "#sec630">630</a>), except the ablative singular, which ends in <b class = "locked">-ī</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec523" id = "sec523" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec523" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">523</a>.</b> (2.) Parisyllables in <b>-i-</b> with the nominative in <b>-ēs</b> have their other cases like those of <b>hostis</b>: such are:</p> @@ -11403,7 +11394,7 @@ disposition</i>, no Pl.; <b>lābēs</b>, <i>fall</i>; <b>mōlēs</b>, <b>verrēs</b>, <i>boar</i>; <b>volpēs</b> or <b>vulpēs</b>, <i>fox</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec524" id = "sec524" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec524" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">524</a>.</b> <b>famēs</b>, <i>hunger</i>, has G. twice <b>famī</b> (Cato, Lucil.), Ab. always <b>famē</b> (<a href = "#sec603">603</a>), no Pl.; @@ -11411,7 +11402,7 @@ Ab. always <b>famē</b> (<a href = "#sec603">603</a>), no Pl.; G. <b>plēbe͡i</b> (<a href = "#sec603">603</a>), <b>plēbī</b> or <b>plēbis</b>, no Pl.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec525" id = "sec525" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec525" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">525</a>.</b> (3.) A few stems in <b>-bri-</b>, <b>-cri-</b>, or <b>-tri-</b>, are declined as follows:</p> @@ -11432,12 +11423,12 @@ the masculine of adjectives in <b class = "locked">-bri-</b>, <b class = "locked">-er</b> (<a href = "#sec628">628</a>); these last have in the Ab. always <b class = "locked">-ī</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec526" id = "sec526" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec526" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">526</a>.</b> (4.) Parisyllabic neuters in <b>-i-</b> with the nominative in <b class = "locked">-e</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -11507,16 +11498,16 @@ Ne.</th> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec527" id = "sec527" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec527" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">527</a>.</b> <b>mare</b> has rarely the ablative <b>mare</b> in verse: in the plural only the nominative and accusative are usual; but a genitive <b>marum</b> is once quoted (Naev.), and the ablative <b>maribus</b> is once used by Caesar.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page80" id = "page80"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page80"> 80</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec528" id = "sec528" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec528" href = "#inflection_noun_i_1">528</a>.</b> Examples of parisyllabic neuters in <b>-i-</b>, with the nominative in <b class = "locked">-e</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-is</b>, @@ -11534,11 +11525,11 @@ as, <b>būbīle</b>, <i>ox-stall</i>; <b>fōcāle</b>, <i>neckcloth</i>; <b>cocleāre</b>, <i>spoon</i>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "inflection_noun_i_2" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "inflection_noun_i_2" href = "#inflection_noun_i">II. IMPARISYLLABLES.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec529" id = "sec529" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec529" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">529</a>.</b> Sometimes a plural stem in <b>-i-</b> is combined, in the singular, with a stem in a mute, in <b class = "locked">-l</b>, or <b class = @@ -11547,11 +11538,11 @@ stems thus become imparisyllables. Gender stems of this class are like consonant stems in the singular, except the ablative of adjectives, which has usually <b class = "locked">-ī</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec530" id = "sec530" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec530" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">530</a>.</b> Imparisyllabic stems in <b>-i-</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -11651,12 +11642,12 @@ Imparisyllabic stems in <b>-i-</b> are declined as follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec531" id = "sec531" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec531" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">531</a>.</b> Examples of stems in <b>-ci-</b>, with nominative <b>-x</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-cis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td class = "locked"><b>-āx</b>, <b>-ācis</b></td> <td><b>fornāx</b>, F., <i>furnace</i>. Many adjectives (<a href = @@ -11690,7 +11681,7 @@ or, as substantives, <b>-um</b>: as, <b>nūtrīcum</b>, </tr> <tr> <td> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page81" id = "page81"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page81"> 81</a></span> <b>-lx</b>, <b>-lcis</b></td> <td><b>calx</b>, F. (M.), <i>heel</i>; <b>calx</b>, M., F., @@ -11740,12 +11731,12 @@ sometimes <b>-ī</b>, no G. Pl. (<a href = "#sec430">430</a>).</td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec532" id = "sec532" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec532" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">532</a>.</b> (a.) Examples of stems in <b>-di-</b>, with nominative <b>-s</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-dis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>-ēs</b>, <b>-edis</b></td> <td>Compounds of <b>pēs</b>, <i>foot</i>: <b>compede</b>, F., Ab., @@ -11775,13 +11766,13 @@ of <b>cor</b>, Ab. <b class = "locked">-ī</b> (<a href = </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec533" id = "sec533" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec533" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">533</a>.</b> (b.) Examples of stems in <b>-ti-</b>, with nominative <b>-s</b> (<b class = "locked">-x</b>), genitive <b class = "locked">-tis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td class = "locked"><b>-ās</b>, <b>-ātis</b></td> <td><b>Arpīnās</b>, <i>of Arpinum</i>, and adjectives from other town @@ -11818,7 +11809,7 @@ G. <b class = "locked">-ium</b>, once <b class = "locked">-um</b> "#sec430">430</a>).</td> </tr> <tr> -<td><span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page82" id = "page82"> +<td><span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page82"> 82</a></span> <b>-ns</b>, <b>-ntis</b></td> <td>Masculines: <b>dēns</b>, <i>tooth</i>: <b>fōns</b>, <i>fountain</i>; @@ -11861,7 +11852,7 @@ Pl. N. and Ac. <b>-ia</b>.</td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec534" id = "sec534" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec534" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">534</a>.</b> (a.) Stems in <b>-bi-</b>, with nominative <b>-bs</b> (<a href = "#sec149">149</a>), genitive <b class = "locked">-bis</b>, are:</p> @@ -11871,7 +11862,7 @@ Pl. N. and Ac. <b>-ia</b>.</td> <b>plēps</b>, for the older <b>plēbēs</b> (<a href = "#sec603">603</a>), no Pl.; <b>urbs</b>, F., <i>city</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec535" id = "sec535" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec535" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">535</a>.</b> (b.) Stems in <b>-pi-</b>, with nominative <b>-ps</b>, genitive <b>-pis</b>, are:</p> @@ -11881,12 +11872,12 @@ no Pl.; <b>urbs</b>, F., <i>city</i>.</p> Ne. Pl. N. or Ac. (<a href = "#sec430">430</a>); <b>stirps</b>, F. (M.), <i>trunk</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec536" id = "sec536" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec536" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">536</a>.</b> Examples of stems in <b>-li-</b>, with nominative <b>-l</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-lis</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td class = "locked"><b>-al</b>, <b>-ālis</b></td> <td>Neuters, originally adjective (<a href = "#sec546">546</a>): @@ -11907,12 +11898,12 @@ href = "#sec430">430</a>).</td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec537" id = "sec537" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec537" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">537</a>.</b> (a.) Examples of stems in <b>-ri-</b>, with nominative <b>-r</b>, genitive <b class = "locked">-ris</b>, are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td class = "locked"><b>-ar</b>, <b>-āris</b></td> <td>Neuters, originally adjective (<a href = "#sec546">546</a>): @@ -11939,7 +11930,7 @@ href = "#sec430">430</a>); <b>ūber</b>, <i>fruitful</i>, <ins class = (Acc.).</td> </tr> <tr> -<td><span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page83" id = "page83"> +<td><span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page83"> 83</a></span> <b>-or</b>, <b>-oris</b></td> <td>Adjectives: <b>memor</b>, <i>remembering</i>; <b>immemor</b>, @@ -11959,14 +11950,14 @@ and Ac. <b>-ia</b>; the G. Pl. of these words is not usual, but </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec538" id = "sec538" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec538" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">538</a>.</b> (b.) Stems in <b>-ri-</b>, with nominative <b>-s</b> of the stem, genitive <b class = "locked">-ris</b>, are <b>glīs</b>, F., <i>dormouse</i>, <b>glīris</b>; <b>mās</b>, M., <i>male</i>, <b>maris</b>; <b>mūs</b>, F., <i>mouse</i>, <b>mūris</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec539" id = "sec539" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec539" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">539</a>.</b> The only imparisyllabic stem in <b>-si-</b> is <b>ās</b> (<a href = "#sec171">171, 1</a>), M., <i>unit, an as</i>, G. <b>assis</b>, @@ -11976,7 +11967,7 @@ with its compounds <b>bēs</b>, <i>two thirds</i>, G. <b>bessis</b>, and <p class = "header">SINGULAR CASES.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec540" id = "sec540" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec540" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">540</a>.</b> (1.) The nominative singular of gender stems in <b>-i-</b> is usually formed by adding <b class = "locked">-s</b> to the stem (<a href = @@ -11990,7 +11981,7 @@ formed by adding <b class = "locked">-s</b> to the stem (<a href = <b>nūbi-</b>, <i>cloud</i>, N. <b>nūbēs</b>; for other examples, see <a href = "#sec523">523</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec541" id = "sec541" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec541" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">541</a>.</b> Some substantives form the nominative in both these ways: as, <b>vallēs</b> and <b>vallis</b>, <i>valley</i>, equally common; @@ -11998,7 +11989,7 @@ Some substantives form the nominative in both these ways: as, <i>slaughter</i>, <b>clādēs</b>, <i>disaster</i>, and <b>mōlēs</b>, <i>pile</i>, <b>caedis</b>, &c., occur exceptionally.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec542" id = "sec542" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec542" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">542</a>.</b> A few stems in <b>-bri-</b>, <b>-cri-</b>, or <b>-tri-</b>, drop <b class = "locked">-i-</b> in the nominative. The endings <b>brs</b>, @@ -12007,7 +11998,7 @@ class = "locked">-cer</b>, <b class = "locked">-ter</b> (<a href = "#sec111b">111, <i>b</i></a>): as, <b>imbrī-</b>, <i>shower</i>, N. <b>imber</b> (<a href = "#sec525">525</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec543" id = "sec543" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec543" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">543</a>.</b> Of gender imparisyllables, some have lost <b>-i-</b> of the stem before <b class = "locked">-s</b> in the nominative; others have originally a @@ -12020,7 +12011,7 @@ and <b>regēns</b>, <i>ruling</i>, have as original stems <b>dent-</b> and <b>regent-</b>. Adjectives in <b class = "locked">-cipiti-</b> have N. <b class = "locked">-ceps</b> (<a href = "#sec533">533</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec544" id = "sec544" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec544" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">544</a>.</b> A few adjective stems in <b>-li-</b> or <b>-ri-</b> drop <b>-i-</b> in the nominative without taking <b class = "locked">-s</b> (<a href = @@ -12033,7 +12024,7 @@ drop <b class = "locked">-i-</b>, and end in the original <b class = <b>glīsi-</b>, <i>dormouse</i>, N. <b>glīs</b>; <b>mās</b>, <i>male</i>; <b>mūs</b>, <i>mouse</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec545" id = "sec545" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec545" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">545</a>.</b> For <b>carō</b>, F., <i>flesh</i>, <b>carnis</b> (Ab. <b>-ī</b>, usually <b class = "locked">-e</b>, no G. Pl.) see <a href = @@ -12043,7 +12034,7 @@ For <b>carō</b>, F., <i>flesh</i>, <b>carnis</b> (Ab. <b>-ī</b>, usually different stem from that of the other cases (<a href = "#sec401">401</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec546" id = "sec546" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec546" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">546</a>.</b> (2) Neuter stems in <b>-i-</b> have no nominative suffix, and end in <b class = "locked">-e</b> for <b class = "locked">-i-</b> of the stem (<a @@ -12061,9 +12052,9 @@ neuter adjectives end in <b class = "locked">-l</b> or <b class = "#sec537">537</a>); and some ‘of one ending’ end in <b class = "locked">-s</b> (<a href = "#sec612">612</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page84" id = "page84"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page84"> 84</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec547" id = "sec547" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec547" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">547</a>.</b> The accusative singular of gender substantives usually has <b>-em</b>, like consonant stems (<a href = "#sec424">424</a>); but a few @@ -12071,11 +12062,11 @@ substantives with the nominative in <b class = "locked">-is</b> have <b class = "locked">-im</b> only, and some have either <b class = "locked">-im</b> or <b class = "locked">-em</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec548" id = "sec548" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec548" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">548</a>.</b> (a.) Accusatives in <b>-im</b></p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>Are <b>sitim</b>, <b>tussim</b>, <b>vim</b>,</td> <td><i>thirst</i>, <i>cough</i>, <i>strength</i></td> @@ -12086,7 +12077,7 @@ class = "locked">-im</b> only, and some have either <b class = </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec549" id = "sec549" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec549" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">549</a>.</b> The accusative in <b>-im</b> is found in many adverbs (<a href = "#sec700">700</a>): as, <b>partim</b>, <i>in part</i>; in some adverbial @@ -12096,7 +12087,7 @@ hoarseness</i>; in some names of rivers and cities: as, <b>Tiberim</b>, <b>Hispalim</b>; and in some Greek words (<a href = "#sec565">565</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec550" id = "sec550" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec550" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">550</a>.</b> (b.) Six have the accusative commonly in <b>-im</b>, sometimes in <b class = "locked">-em</b>:</p> @@ -12110,7 +12101,7 @@ class = "locked">-em</b>:</p> <p><b>turrim</b>, <b>-em</b>, <i>tower</i></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec551" id = "sec551" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec551" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">551</a>.</b> Six have the accusative commonly in <b>-em</b>, sometimes in <b class = "locked">-im</b>:</p> @@ -12124,7 +12115,7 @@ Six have the accusative commonly in <b>-em</b>, sometimes in <b class = <p><b>strigilem</b>, <b>-im</b>, <i>skin-scraper</i></p> </div> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec552" id = "sec552" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec552" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">552</a>.</b> In the ablative, gender substantives have usually <b>-e</b>, and neuters and adjectives have <b class = "locked">-ī</b>: as,</p> @@ -12133,17 +12124,17 @@ and adjectives have <b class = "locked">-ī</b>: as,</p> <b>ācrī</b>, <i>sharp</i>, <b>brevī</b>, <i>short</i>, <b>audācī</b>, <i>daring</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec553" id = "sec553" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec553" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">553</a>.</b> (1.) Of gender substantives with the nominative in <b>-is</b>, a few have only <b class = "locked">-ī</b> in the ablative, and many have either <b class = "locked">-ī</b> or <b class = "locked">-e</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec554" id = "sec554" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec554" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">554</a>.</b> (a.) These ablatives have only <b>-ī</b>:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>secūrī</b>, <b>sitī</b>, <b>tussī</b>, <b>vī</b>,</td> <td><i>axe</i>, <i>thirst</i>, <i>cough</i>, <i>strength</i></td> @@ -12159,7 +12150,7 @@ either <b class = "locked">-ī</b> or <b class = "locked">-e</b>.</p> ends in <b class = "locked">-ī</b>: as, <b>Neāpolī</b>, <i>at Neapolis</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec555" id = "sec555" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec555" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">555</a>.</b> (b.) These ablatives of gender substantives with the nominative in <b class = "locked">-is</b> have <b class = "locked">-ī</b> or <b class = @@ -12183,7 +12174,7 @@ class = "locked">-is</b> have <b class = "locked">-ī</b> or <b class = <p><b>turrī</b>, <b>-e</b>, <i>tower</i></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec556" id = "sec556" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec556" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">556</a>.</b> A few other words in <b>-is</b> have occasionally an ablative in <b class = "locked">-ī</b>: as, <b>anguis</b>, <i>snake</i>, <b>collis</b>, @@ -12196,21 +12187,21 @@ class = "locked">-e</b> or <b class = "locked">-ī</b>; <b>supellēx</b>, "locked">-ī</b>; <b>Liger</b>, <b class = "locked">-ī</b> or <b class = "locked">-e</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec557" id = "sec557" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec557" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">557</a>.</b> Neuter names of towns with the nominative in <b>-e</b> have <b>-e</b> in the ablative: as, <b>Praeneste</b>. <b>rēte</b>, <i>net</i>, has only <b>rēte</b>; <b>mare</b>, <i>sea</i>, has rarely <b>mare</b> (<a href = "#sec527">527</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec558" id = "sec558" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec558" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">558</a>.</b> (2.) Adjectives ‘of two endings’ with stems in <b>-i-</b> (<a href = "#sec630">630</a>) often have <b class = "locked">-e</b> in the ablative when they are used as substantives, and sometimes in verse, when a short vowel is needed: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page85" id = "page85"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page85"> 85</a></span> <p class = "fifth"><b>adfīnī</b>, <b>-e</b>, <i>connection by marriage</i>; <b>aedīle</b>, <b class = "locked">-ī</b>, <i>aedile</i>; @@ -12223,7 +12214,7 @@ have <b class = "locked">-ī</b>, but sometimes <b class = "locked">-e</b>: as, <b>Tarquiniēnse</b>. Proper names have usually <b class = "locked">-e</b>: as, <b>Iuvenāle</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec559" id = "sec559" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec559" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">559</a>.</b> Adjectives ‘of one ending’ with stems in <b>-i-</b> (<a href = "#sec632">632</a>), have commonly <b class = "locked">-ī</b> in the @@ -12239,7 +12230,7 @@ ablative. The following ablatives have only <b class = <b>inopī</b>, <i>without means</i>, <b>memorī</b>, <i>remembering</i>, <b>immemorī</b>, <i>forgetful</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec560" id = "sec560" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec560" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">560</a>.</b> Present participles, when used as adjectives, have <b>-ī</b> in the ablative, otherwise <b class = "locked">-e</b>: as,</p> @@ -12249,7 +12240,7 @@ ablative, otherwise <b class = "locked">-e</b>: as,</p> <i>in the reign of Romulus</i>, ablative absolute (<a href = "#sec1362">1362</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec561" id = "sec561" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec561" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">561</a>.</b> Other adjectives ‘of one ending’ occasionally have <b>-e</b> in the ablative when used as substantives or as epithets of persons, or in @@ -12265,7 +12256,7 @@ in verse, <b>impare</b>, <b>dispare</b>. Proper names have <b class = <p class = "header">PLURAL CASES.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec562" id = "sec562" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec562" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">562</a>.</b> In the plural, gender nominatives have <b>-ēs</b>, rarely <b>-īs</b> or <b class = "locked">-eīs</b>, and gender accusatives have <b class = @@ -12276,7 +12267,7 @@ ending for both cases. Neuters add <b class = "locked">-a</b> to the stem, making <b class = "locked">-ia</b>; for <b class = "locked">-iā́</b> in old Latin, cf. <a href = "#sec2505">2505</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec563" id = "sec563" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec563" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">563</a>.</b> In the genitive plural, present participles, some substantive stems in <b class = "locked">-nt(i)-</b>, and some adjectives ‘of two endings’ @@ -12292,7 +12283,7 @@ In the genitive plural, present participles, some substantive stems in "#sec636">636</a>; for <b class = "locked">-bū́s</b> in the dative and ablative in old Latin, see <a href = "#sec2505">2505</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec564" id = "sec564" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec564" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">564</a>.</b> Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -12321,7 +12312,7 @@ class = "locked">-e</b> for <b class = "locked">-is</b> (<a href = <p class = "header">GREEK NOUNS.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec565" id = "sec565" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec565" href = "#inflection_noun_i_2">565</a>.</b> Greek stems in <b>-i-</b> are usually declined like Latin ones, with the accusative in <b class = "locked">-im</b>, and ablative in <b class = @@ -12332,13 +12323,13 @@ plural genitive <b>Metamorphōseōn</b>, and as ablative <b>Metamorphōsesin</b>, occur as titles of books.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page86" id = "page86"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page86"> 86</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "inflection_noun_i_3" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "inflection_noun_i_3" href = "#inflection_noun_i">CHARACTERISTICS OF STEMS IN <b class = "locked">-i-</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec566" id = "sec566" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec566" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">566</a>.</b> Parisyllables with nominatives in <b>-is</b>, <b>-ēs</b>, or <b class = "locked">-e</b>, and a few in <b class = "locked">-er</b>; and @@ -12352,13 +12343,13 @@ in <b class = "locked">-i-</b>.</p> "#sec476">476</a>), and <b>vātēs</b> (<a href = "#sec478">478</a>), have consonant stems.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec567" id = "sec567" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec567" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">567</a>.</b> Under <b>-i-</b> stems may also conveniently be grouped the following classes, which have usually a consonant form in the singular, and an <b class = "locked">-i-</b> form in the plural:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec568" id = "sec568" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec568" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">568</a>.</b> (a.) Imparisyllabic adjectives with the genitive in <b>-is</b>, except comparatives and the dozen with consonant stems (<a href = @@ -12367,7 +12358,7 @@ comparatives and the dozen with consonant stems (<a href = except <b>p</b>. But <b>cōniūnx</b> (<a href = "#sec472">472</a>) and <b>caelebs</b> (<a href = "#sec480">480</a>) have consonant stems.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec569" id = "sec569" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec569" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">569</a>.</b> (b.) The following monosyllables: <b>ās</b>, <i>unit</i>, <i>an as</i>, <b>faex</b>, <i>dregs</i>, <b>fraus</b>, <i>deceit</i>, <b>glīs</b>, @@ -12381,7 +12372,7 @@ both Ab., no N., and <b>fornāx</b>, <i>furnace</i>.</p> <p class = "header topline">GENDER OF CONSONANT STEMS AND <b class = "locked">-i-</b> STEMS.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec570" id = "sec570" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec570" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">570</a>.</b> The gender of many of these substantives is determined by their meaning (<a href = "#sec404">404-412</a>); that of participles used as @@ -12393,7 +12384,7 @@ as follows.</p> <p class = "header">MASCULINE.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec571" id = "sec571" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec571" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">571</a>.</b> Imparisyllables in <b>-es</b> or <b>-ēs</b> and substantives in <b class = "locked">-er</b>, <b class = "locked">-ō</b>, <b class = @@ -12403,7 +12394,7 @@ Imparisyllables in <b>-es</b> or <b>-ēs</b> and substantives in <b class <b>agger</b>, <i>mound</i>; <b>sermō</b>, <i>speech</i>; <b>pallor</b>, <i>paleness</i>; <b>flōs</b>, <i>flower</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec572" id = "sec572" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec572" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">572</a>.</b> These imparisyllables in <b>-es</b> or <b>-ēs</b> are feminine: <b>merges</b>, <i>sheaf</i>, <b>seges</b>, <i>crop</i>, <b>teges</b>, @@ -12411,7 +12402,7 @@ These imparisyllables in <b>-es</b> or <b>-ēs</b> are feminine: <b>compedēs</b>, plural, <i>fetters</i>; <b>mercēs</b>, <i>reward</i>. <b>aes</b>, <i>copper</i>, <i>bronze</i>, is neuter.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec573" id = "sec573" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec573" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">573</a>.</b> These substantives in <b>-er</b> are neuter: <b>cadāver</b>, <i>corpse</i>, <b>iter</b>, <i>way</i>, <b>tūber</b>, <i>swelling</i>, @@ -12423,7 +12414,7 @@ genitive, no nominative; also names of plants in <b class = <b>sūber</b>, <i>corktree</i>. <b>linter</b>, <i>tub</i>, <i>boat</i>, is feminine, once masculine. <b>vēr</b>, <i>spring</i>, is neuter.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec574" id = "sec574" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec574" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">574</a>.</b> Substantives in <b>-ō</b>, with genitive <b>-inis</b> (<a href = "#sec485">485</a>), are feminine; as, <b>imāgō</b>, <b>imāginis</b>, @@ -12435,14 +12426,14 @@ words of action in <b class = "locked">-iō</b> and <b class = <b>margō</b>, <i>brink</i>, and <b>cupīdō</b>, <i>desire</i>, are sometimes masculine.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec575" id = "sec575" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec575" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">575</a>.</b> These substantives in <b>-or</b> are neuter: <b>ador</b>, <i>spelt</i>, <b>aequor</b>, <i>sea</i>, <b>marmor</b>, <i>marble</i>, <b>cor</b>, <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing"><i>heart</i>.</ins> <b>arbor</b>, <i>tree</i>, is feminine.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec576" id = "sec576" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec576" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">576</a>.</b> These substantives in <b>-ōs</b> are feminine: <b>cōs</b>, <i>whetstone</i>, <b>arbōs</b>, <i>tree</i>, <b>dōs</b>, <i>dowry</i>. @@ -12450,11 +12441,11 @@ These substantives in <b>-ōs</b> are feminine: <b>cōs</b>, <b>os</b>, <b>ossis</b>, <i>bone</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page87" id = "page87"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page87"> 87</a></span> <p class = "header">FEMININE.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec577" id = "sec577" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec577" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">577</a>.</b> Parisyllables in <b>-ēs</b>, and substantives in <ins class = "correction" title = ", missing"><b class = "locked">-ās</b>,</ins> <b @@ -12466,18 +12457,18 @@ are feminine: as,</p> <i>age</i>; <b>laus</b>, <i>praise</i>; <b>nāvis</b>, <i>ship</i>; <b>urbs</b>, <i>city</i>; <b>pāx</b>, <i>peace</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec578" id = "sec578" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec578" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">578</a>.</b> <b>ās</b>, <b>assis</b>, <i>penny</i>, is masculine. <b>vās</b>, <i>vessel</i>, <i>utensil</i>, and the defectives <b>fās</b>, <i>right</i>, and <b>nefās</b>, <i>wrong</i>, are neuter.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec579" id = "sec579" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec579" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">579</a>.</b> Substantives in <b>-nis</b> are masculine; also twenty-nine others in <b class = "locked">-is</b>, as follows:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>axis</b>, <b>callis</b>, <b>caulis</b>, <b>anguis</b>,</td> <td><i>axle</i>, <i>path</i>, <i>cabbage</i>, <i>snake</i></td> @@ -12520,7 +12511,7 @@ also masculine. A few of the above are sometimes feminine: as, <b>cinis</b>, <b>fīnis</b>, <b>fūnis</b>, <b>torquis</b>, <b>veprēs</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec580" id = "sec580" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec580" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">580</a>.</b> Four in <b>-s</b> preceded by a consonant are masculine: <b>dēns</b>, <i>tooth</i>, <b>fōns</b>, <i>fountain</i>, <b>pōns</b>, <i>bridge</i>, @@ -12530,7 +12521,7 @@ Four in <b>-s</b> preceded by a consonant are masculine: <b>dēns</b>, <i>fat</i>, and <b>forceps</b>, <i>pincers</i>, are masculine or feminine. <b>stirps</b>, <i>stock</i>, is sometimes masculine.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec581" id = "sec581" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec581" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">581</a>.</b> <b>calix</b>, <i>cup</i>, <b>fornix</b>, <i>arch</i>, and <b>trādux</b>, <i>vinelayer</i>, are masculine; also substantives in <b class = @@ -12546,7 +12537,7 @@ the ablative in old Latin.</p> <p class = "header">NEUTER.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec582" id = "sec582" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec582" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">582</a>.</b> Substantives in <b>-c</b>, <b>-e</b>, <b>-l</b>, <b>-n</b>, <b>-t</b>, in <b class = "locked">-ar</b>, <b class = "locked">-ur</b>, <b class = @@ -12558,7 +12549,7 @@ in <b class = "locked">-ar</b>, <b class = "locked">-ur</b>, <b class = <i>lightning</i>; <b>corpus</b>, <i>body</i>; <b>iūs</b>, <i>right</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec583" id = "sec583" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec583" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">583</a>.</b> <b>sōl</b>, <i>sun</i>, <b>pecten</b>, <i>comb</i>, <b>liēn</b>, <i>spleen</i>, <b>rēnēs</b>, <i>kidneys</i>, plural, and <b>furfur</b>, @@ -12566,7 +12557,7 @@ in <b class = "locked">-ar</b>, <b class = "locked">-ur</b>, <b class = sometimes neuter in the singular. <b>fār</b>, <i>spelt</i>, is neuter.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec584" id = "sec584" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec584" href = "#inflection_noun_i_3">584</a>.</b> <b>pecus</b>, <i>beast</i>, is feminine; also <b>tellūs</b>, <i>earth</i>, and the substantives in <b class = "locked">-ūs</b> which @@ -12576,9 +12567,9 @@ genitive: as, <b>palūs</b>, <i>marsh</i>; <b>iuventūs</b>, <i>youth</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page88" id = "page88"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page88"> 88</a></span> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_noun_u" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_noun_u" href = "#inflection_noun_subst">STEMS IN <b>-u-</b>.</a></h6> @@ -12587,11 +12578,11 @@ genitive: as, <b>palūs</b>, <i>marsh</i>; <b>iuventūs</b>, <p class = "center second">Genitive singular <b>-ūs</b>, genitive plural <b class = "locked">-u-um</b>.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec585" id = "sec585" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec585" href = "#inflection_noun_u">585</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-u-</b> are substantive only, and mostly masculine.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec586" id = "sec586" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec586" href = "#inflection_noun_u">586</a>.</b> There are only three neuters in common use, <b>cornū</b>, <i>horn</i>, <b>genū</b>, <i>knee</i>, and <b>verū</b>, <i>a spit</i>. But some cases @@ -12599,13 +12590,13 @@ of other neuters are used: as, ablative <b>pecū</b>, <i>flock</i>; plural nominative and accusative <b>artua</b>, <i>limbs</i> (Plaut.); <span class = "smallroman">OSSVA</span>, <i>bones</i> (inscr.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec587" id = "sec587" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec587" href = "#inflection_noun_u">587</a>.</b> The nominative of stems in <b>-u-</b> ends, including the stem vowel, in <b class = "locked">-u-s</b> in gender words, and in lengthened <b class = "locked">-ū</b> of the stem in neuters.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec588" id = "sec588" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec588" href = "#inflection_noun_u">588</a>.</b> Most substantives in <b>-u-</b> are masculines in <b>-tu-</b> or <b class = "locked">-su-</b>, often defective in case (<a href = @@ -12616,11 +12607,11 @@ class = "locked">-su-</b>, often defective in case (<a href = <b>quīnquātrūs</b>, <i>feast of Minerva</i>; rarely <b>penus</b>, <i>store</i>, and <b>specus</b>, <i>cave</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec589" id = "sec589" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec589" href = "#inflection_noun_u">589</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-u-</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -12722,7 +12713,7 @@ Stems in <b>-u-</b> are declined as follows:</p> <p class = "header">SINGULAR CASES.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec590" id = "sec590" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec590" href = "#inflection_noun_u">590</a>.</b> In the genitive, the uncontracted form <b>-uis</b> sometimes occurs: as, <b>anuis</b>, <i>old woman</i> (Ter.). A genitive in <b class = @@ -12733,11 +12724,11 @@ found for <b class = "locked">-uī</b> in neuters and often in gender words.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page89" id = "page89"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page89"> 89</a></span> <p class = "header">PLURAL CASES.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec591" id = "sec591" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec591" href = "#inflection_noun_u">591</a>.</b> In the genitive plural, a shorter form in <b>-um</b> is occasionally found: as, <b>passum</b>, <i>steps</i> (Plaut., Mart.); <b>currum</b>, @@ -12745,7 +12736,7 @@ found: as, <b>passum</b>, <i>steps</i> (Plaut., Mart.); <b>currum</b>, The quantity of the <b>u</b> and the origin of this ending are uncertain.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec592" id = "sec592" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec592" href = "#inflection_noun_u">592</a>.</b> In the dative and ablative plural, the following retain <b>-u-bus</b>: <b>acus</b>, <i>pin</i>, <i>needle</i>, <b>arcus</b>, <i>bow</i>, @@ -12756,7 +12747,7 @@ have <b class = "locked">-u-bus</b> or <b class = "locked">-i-bus</b> <i>cave</i>, <b>genū</b>, <i>knee</i>, <b>verū</b>, <i>a spit</i>. All other words have <b class = "locked">-i-bus</b> only.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec593" id = "sec593" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec593" href = "#inflection_noun_u">593</a>.</b> Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -12775,7 +12766,7 @@ Ac. <b class = "locked">-u</b> (<a href = "#sec61">61</a>): <span class (<a href = "#sec29">29, 1</a>): <span class = "smallroman">MAGISTRATVVS</span>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec594" id = "sec594" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec594" href = "#inflection_noun_u">594</a>.</b> <b>domus</b>, <i>house</i>, F., has stems of two forms, <b>domu-</b> and <b>domo-</b> (<a href = "#sec401">401</a>); it is declined as follows: @@ -12785,7 +12776,7 @@ N. <b>domus</b>, G. <b>domūs</b>, rarely <b>domī</b>, D. <b>domuī</b> or <b>domuum</b>, later <b>domōrum</b>, D. and Ab. <b>domibus</b>, Ac. <b>domōs</b>, less commonly <b>domūs</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec595" id = "sec595" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec595" href = "#inflection_noun_u">595</a>.</b> Some other substantives have an <b>-u-</b> stem in some of their cases, and an <b class = "locked">-o-</b> stem in others: see @@ -12796,7 +12787,7 @@ and an <b class = "locked">-o-</b> stem in others: see dictionary.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_noun_e" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_noun_e" href = "#inflection_noun_subst">STEMS IN <b>-ē-</b>.</a></h6> @@ -12805,27 +12796,27 @@ dictionary.</p> <p class = "center second">Genitive singular <b>-ē̆ī</b>, genitive plural <b class = "locked">-ē-rum</b>.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec596" id = "sec596" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec596" href = "#inflection_noun_e">596</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-ē-</b> are substantive only, and feminine.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec597" id = "sec597" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec597" href = "#inflection_noun_e">597</a>.</b> <b>diēs</b>, <i>day</i>, is always masculine in the plural, and commonly in the singular; but the feminine is common when <b>diēs</b> denotes length of time or a set day. <b>merīdiēs</b>, <i>midday</i>, is masculine and singular only.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec598" id = "sec598" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec598" href = "#inflection_noun_e">598</a>.</b> The nominative of stems in <b>-ē-</b> ends, including the stem vowel, in <b class = "locked">-ē-s</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec599" id = "sec599" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec599" href = "#inflection_noun_e">599</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-ē-</b> are of two classes:</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec600" id = "sec600" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec600" href = "#inflection_noun_e">600</a>.</b> (1.) Stems of the first class have one or two syllables; there are four of them: <b>rēs</b>, <i>thing</i>, <b>spēs</b>, <i>hope</i>, @@ -12835,13 +12826,13 @@ of them: <b>rēs</b>, <i>thing</i>, <b>spēs</b>, <i>hope</i>, plural throughout; <b>spēs</b> has only the nominative and accusative plural, and <b>fidēs</b> has no plural.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page90" id = "page90"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page90"> 90</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec601" id = "sec601" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec601" href = "#inflection_noun_e">601</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-ē-</b> of the first class are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th class = "smaller">Examples<br>Stems</th> @@ -12929,7 +12920,7 @@ Stems in <b>-ē-</b> of the first class are declined as follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec602" id = "sec602" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec602" href = "#inflection_noun_e">602</a>.</b> <b>fidēs</b> is declined like <b>rēs</b>; it has once a genitive <b>fidēs</b> (Plaut.). For <b>rēī</b>, <b>reī</b>, or <b>re͡i</b>, and @@ -12940,7 +12931,7 @@ dative <b>spe͡i</b> in verse. A genitive or dative in <b class = "locked">-ē</b> is sometimes found: as, <b>rē</b>, <b>diē</b>, <b>fidē</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec603" id = "sec603" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec603" href = "#inflection_noun_e">603</a>.</b> A few cases of other words sometimes follow this class (<a href = "#sec401">401</a>): as, <b>plēbēs</b> (<a href = "#sec524">524</a>), @@ -12952,7 +12943,7 @@ A few cases of other words sometimes follow this class (<a href = <b>tābē</b>, <b>*contāgēs</b>, <i>contact</i>, Ab. <b>contāgē</b> (Lucr.), &c.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec604" id = "sec604" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec604" href = "#inflection_noun_e">604</a>.</b> (2.) Stems of the second class are formed by the suffix <b>-iē-</b> or <b class = "locked">-tiē-</b>, and have three or more syllables.</p> @@ -12964,7 +12955,7 @@ collateral form in <b class = "locked">-iā-</b>, and the genitive and dative, when used at all, are commonly from a stem in <b class = "locked">-iā-</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec605" id = "sec605" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec605" href = "#inflection_noun_e">605</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-ē-</b> of the second class are declined as follows:</p> @@ -12975,7 +12966,7 @@ Stems in <b>-ē-</b> of the second class are declined as follows:</p> <b>lūxuriē</b>.</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec606" id = "sec606" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec606" href = "#inflection_noun_e">606</a>.</b> A few examples of the genitive of these stems are found: as, <b>perniciī</b>, <b>perniciēs</b>, or <b>perniciē</b>, <i>ruin</i> @@ -12986,7 +12977,7 @@ battle</i> (Sall., Caes., auct. B. Afr.), <b>faciē</b>, <i>make</i> (Caes.); <b>perniciēī</b>, <b>perniciī</b> (Nep.); <b>perniciē</b> (Liv.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec607" id = "sec607" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec607" href = "#inflection_noun_e">607</a>.</b> <b>ēluviēs</b>, <i>offscouring</i>, <i>wash</i>, has the nominative of the plural, and <b>glaciēs</b>, <i>ice</i>, has the accusative of the @@ -12998,30 +12989,30 @@ plural. Five words only have the nominative and accusative plural:</p> <p><b>effigiēs</b>, <i>likeness</i>.</p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page91" id = "page91"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page91"> 91</a></span> -<h5><a name = "inflection_noun_adj" id = "inflection_noun_adj" href = +<h5><a id = "inflection_noun_adj" href = "#inflection_noun">THE ADJECTIVE.</a></h5> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec608" id = "sec608" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec608" href = "#inflection_noun_adj">608</a>.</b> Adjectives are declined like substantives, and it has been shown already how their cases are formed. But they differ from substantives in having different forms in some of their cases to denote different genders; it is convenient therefore to put their complete declension together.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec609" id = "sec609" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec609" href = "#inflection_noun_adj">609</a>.</b> Adjective stems end in <b>-o-</b> and <b>-ā-</b>, in a consonant, or in <b class = "locked">-i-</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec610" id = "sec610" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec610" href = "#inflection_noun_adj">610</a>.</b> An accusative plural of a stem in <b>-u-</b>, <b>anguimanūs</b>, <i>with a serpent for a hand</i>, is once used (Lucr.). There are no adjective stems in <b class = "locked">-ē-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec611" id = "sec611" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec611" href = "#inflection_noun_adj">611</a>.</b> Adjectives are often conveniently said to be ‘<i>of three endings</i>,’ ‘<i>of two endings</i>,’ or ‘<i>of one ending</i>.’</p> @@ -13034,7 +13025,7 @@ are ‘of three endings’ (<a href = "#sec409">409</a>); <b>brevis</b>, "#sec410">410</a>); and <b>audāx</b>, <i>bold</i>, is ‘of one ending’ (<a href = "#sec410">410</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec612" id = "sec612" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec612" href = "#inflection_noun_adj">612</a>.</b> Adjectives ‘of one ending’ which form a gender nominative in <b class = "locked">-s</b>, retain the <b class = "locked">-s</b> irrationally in @@ -13042,16 +13033,16 @@ the nominative and accusative neuter singular: as, N. M. and F. <b>audāx</b>, N. and Ac. Ne. also <b>audāx</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_adj_ao" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_adj_ao" href = "#inflection_noun_adj">STEMS IN <b>-o-</b> AND <b class = "locked">-ā-</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec613" id = "sec613" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec613" href = "#inflection_adj_ao">613</a>.</b> Most adjectives with stems in <b>-o-</b> and <b>-ā-</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -13146,7 +13137,7 @@ follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec614" id = "sec614" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec614" href = "#inflection_adj_ao">614</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-io-</b> and <b>-iā-</b> have no consonant <b>i</b> in cases ending in <b class = "locked">-i</b> or <b class = "locked">-īs</b> (<a @@ -13154,7 +13145,7 @@ href = "#sec153">153, 3</a>): as <b>plēbēius</b>, <i>plebeian</i>, G. S. M. and Ne., and N. Pl. M. <b>plēbēī</b>, D. and Ab. Pl. <b>plēbēīs</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec615" id = "sec615" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec615" href = "#inflection_adj_ao">615</a>.</b> Stems in <b>-ro-</b> preceded by a long vowel retain <b>-us</b> in the nominative singular masculine and are declined like <b>bonus</b> (<a @@ -13169,16 +13160,16 @@ href = "#sec453">453</a>): as, <b>sevērus</b>, <i>stern</i>; also</p> <p><b>triquetrus</b>, <i>three-cornered</i></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page92" id = "page92"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page92"> 92</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec616" id = "sec616" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec616" href = "#inflection_adj_ao">616</a>.</b> (1.) Some stems in <b>-ro-</b> preceded by a short vowel end in <b class = "locked">-r</b> in the nominative singular masculine and have no vocative (<a href = "#sec454">454</a>); they are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -13286,13 +13277,13 @@ following:</p> <b>asper</b> has a plural accusative <b>asprōs</b> (Stat.), and ablative <b>asprīs</b> (Verg.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec617" id = "sec617" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec617" href = "#inflection_adj_ao">617</a>.</b> (2.) Other stems in <b>-ro-</b> have a vowel before <b>r</b> only in the nominative singular masculine <b class = "locked">-er</b> (<a href = "#sec454">454</a>); they are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -13378,7 +13369,7 @@ nominative singular masculine <b class = "locked">-er</b> (<a href = </tbody> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec618" id = "sec618" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec618" href = "#inflection_adj_ao">618</a>.</b> Nine adjectives or adjective pronouns have the pronoun form <b>-ī̆us</b> in the genitive singular and <b class = "locked">-ī</b> in the dative @@ -13397,9 +13388,9 @@ following:</p> <p><b>neuter</b>, <i>neither</i></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page93" id = "page93"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page93"> 93</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec619" id = "sec619" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec619" href = "#inflection_adj_ao">619</a>.</b> Of the above words, those with the nominative in <b>-us</b> are declined like <b>ūnus</b> (<a href = "#sec638">638</a>). But <b>alius</b> has N. @@ -13412,7 +13403,7 @@ singular <b>alterī̆us</b> (<a href = "#sec127">127, 6</a>) and dative <b>alterī</b>. For <b>uter</b> and its derivatives, see <a href = "#sec693">693</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec620" id = "sec620" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec620" href = "#inflection_adj_ao">620</a>.</b> The ordinary genitive and dative of <b>-o-</b> and <b>-ā-</b> stems, from some of the above words, is sometimes found: G. and D. @@ -13420,19 +13411,19 @@ from some of the above words, is sometimes found: G. and D. <b>alterae</b>, &c.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_adj_cons" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_adj_cons" href = "#inflection_noun_adj">CONSONANT STEMS.</a></h6> <p class = "header size8">OF TWO ENDINGS.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec621" id = "sec621" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec621" href = "#inflection_adj_cons">621</a>.</b> The only consonant stems of two endings are comparatives (<a href = "#sec346">346</a>); they are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -13504,14 +13495,14 @@ The only consonant stems of two endings are comparatives (<a href = </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec622" id = "sec622" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec622" href = "#inflection_adj_cons">622</a>.</b> The ablative rarely has <b>-ī</b> for <b>-e</b>: as, <b>meliōrī</b> (<a href = "#sec503">503</a>); the accusative plural masculine and feminine rarely have <b class = "locked">-īs</b>: as, <b>meliōrīs</b> (<a href = "#sec505">505</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec623" id = "sec623" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec623" href = "#inflection_adj_cons">623</a>.</b> <b>plūs</b>, <i>more</i>, has in the singular only Ne. N. and Ac. <b>plūs</b>, G. <b>plūris</b>, and Ab. <b>plūre</b>. Plural: N. M. @@ -13525,7 +13516,7 @@ Ac. M. and F. <b>complūrēs</b> or <b>complūrīs</b>.</p> <p class = "header size8">OF ONE ENDING.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec624" id = "sec624" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec624" href = "#inflection_adj_cons">624</a>.</b> A dozen adjectives ‘of one ending,’ mostly words applying to persons, with consonant stems throughout, have no nominative or accusative neuter @@ -13540,9 +13531,9 @@ plural; they are:</p> <p><b>pauper</b>, <b>cicur</b>, <i>poor</i>, <i>tame</i></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page94" id = "page94"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page94"> 94</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec625" id = "sec625" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec625" href = "#inflection_adj_cons">625</a>.</b> When these adjectives have a neuter, it is the same as the gender forms, except in the accusative singular; they are declined as follows:</p> @@ -13556,7 +13547,7 @@ except in the accusative singular; they are declined as follows:</p> <b>dīvite</b>. Plural: N. and Ac. M. and F. <b>dīvitēs</b>, G. <b>dīvitum</b>, D. and Ab. <b>dīvitibus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec626" id = "sec626" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec626" href = "#inflection_adj_cons">626</a>.</b> The plural <b>caelitēs</b>, <i>heavenly</i>, <i>occupants of heaven</i>, is also declined like the plural of <b>dīves</b>; the singular Ab. @@ -13566,13 +13557,13 @@ and Ac. <b>vetera</b>; the Ab. S. is regularly <b>vetere</b>, but <b>veterī</b> is sometimes used.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_adj_i" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_adj_i" href = "#inflection_noun_adj">STEMS IN <b>-i-</b>.</a></h6> <p class = "header size8">OF THREE ENDINGS.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec627" id = "sec627" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec627" href = "#inflection_adj_i">627</a>.</b> A dozen adjectives with stems in <b>-bri-</b>, <b>-cri-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-tri-</b>, have a distinctive form in <b class = @@ -13602,11 +13593,11 @@ used in the neuter. Other adjectives with stems in <b class = nominative singular: as, <b>muliebris</b>, <b>mediocris</b>, <b>inlūstris</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec628" id = "sec628" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec628" href = "#inflection_adj_i">628</a>.</b> These adjectives are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -13675,7 +13666,7 @@ These adjectives are declined as follows:</p> <td><i>Acc.</i></td> <td><b>ācrem</b></td> <td><b>ācrem</b></td> -<td><b>ācrem</b></td> +<td><b>ācre</b></td> <td><b>ācrīs</b>, <b>-ēs</b></td> <td><b>acrīs</b>, <b>-ēs</b></td> <td><b>ācria</b></td> @@ -13692,7 +13683,7 @@ These adjectives are declined as follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec629" id = "sec629" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec629" href = "#inflection_adj_i">629</a>.</b> In all cases but the masculine nominative singular these adjectives are just like those in <b class = "locked">-i-</b> ‘of two endings’ (<a href @@ -13708,16 +13699,16 @@ substantive. Most of these adjectives have now and then a masculine in "locked">-er</b> is rarely feminine.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page95" id = "page95"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page95"> 95</a></span> <p class = "header size8">OF TWO ENDINGS.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec630" id = "sec630" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec630" href = "#inflection_adj_i">630</a>.</b> Adjectives ‘of two endings’ with stems in <b>-i-</b> are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -13789,7 +13780,7 @@ follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec631" id = "sec631" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec631" href = "#inflection_adj_i">631</a>.</b> The ablative is sometimes <b>-e</b> when these adjectives are used substantively or in verse (<a href = "#sec558">558</a>). The genitive @@ -13799,14 +13790,14 @@ plural is rarely <b class = "locked">-um</b> for <b class = <p class = "header size8">OF ONE ENDING.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec632" id = "sec632" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec632" href = "#inflection_adj_i">632</a>.</b> Most adjectives ‘of one ending’ have a consonant form of the stem in the singular, except usually in the ablative (<a href = "#sec633">633</a>), and an <b class = "locked">-i-</b> stem in the plural; they are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -13917,7 +13908,7 @@ as follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec633" id = "sec633" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec633" href = "#inflection_adj_i">633</a>.</b> Present participles have <b>-ī</b> in the ablative, when they are used as adjectives, otherwise <b class = "locked">-e</b> (<a href = @@ -13927,15 +13918,15 @@ as adjectives, otherwise <b class = "locked">-e</b> (<a href = "locked">-um</b> in the genitive plural, <a href = "#sec563">563</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page96" id = "page96"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page96"> 96</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec634" id = "sec634" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec634" href = "#inflection_adj_i">634</a>.</b> Most adjectives ‘of one ending’ in <b>-i-</b> are declined as above (<a href = "#sec632">632</a>); some of them have peculiarities in some of their cases, as follows:</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec635" id = "sec635" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec635" href = "#inflection_adj_i">635</a>.</b> (1.) <b>trux</b> (<a href = "#sec531">531</a>), <i>savage</i>, has Ab. <b class = "locked">-ī</b> or <b class = "locked">-e</b>, G. Pl. <b @@ -13949,7 +13940,7 @@ Ab. <b class = "locked">-ī</b>, no G. Pl.; a Ne. Pl. N. or Ac. <b class = "locked">-ia</b> is rare. For <b>locuplēs</b>, <i>rich</i>, see <a href = "#sec533">533</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec636" id = "sec636" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec636" href = "#inflection_adj_i">636</a>.</b> (2.) The following have <b>-ī</b> in the ablative, but <b>-um</b> of consonant stems in the genitive plural, and no nominative or accusative @@ -13964,21 +13955,21 @@ href = "#sec532">532</a>), <i>two-legged</i>, have a late and rare Ne. Pl. N. and Ac. <b class = "locked">-ia</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "inflection_adj_num" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "inflection_adj_num" href = "#inflection_noun_adj">THE NUMERAL ADJECTIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec637" id = "sec637" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec637" href = "#inflection_adj_num">637</a>.</b> Of the cardinals, <b>ūnus</b>, <b>duo</b>, <b>trēs</b>, and the hundreds except <b>centum</b> are declined. The other cardinals are not declined.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec638" id = "sec638" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec638" href = "#inflection_adj_num">638</a>.</b> <b>ūnus</b>, <i>one</i>, is declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -14065,12 +14056,12 @@ declined.</p> <p class = "fourth">In verse, the genitive singular is often <b>ūnius</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec639" id = "sec639" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec639" href = "#inflection_adj_num">639</a>.</b> <b>duo</b>, <i>two</i>, and <b>trēs</b>, <i>three</i>, are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -14134,7 +14125,7 @@ follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec640" id = "sec640" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec640" href = "#inflection_adj_num">640</a>.</b> In dramatic verse, <b>du͡o</b>, &c., is common. In the genitive plural, <b>duo</b> sometimes has <b>duū̆m</b> (<a href = @@ -14145,16 +14136,16 @@ plural. For the forms <b>duo</b>, <b>ambō</b>, see <a href = "#sec415">415</a>; <b>duōbus</b>, <b>duābus</b>, <a href = "#sec464">464</a>, <a href = "#sec442">442</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec641" id = "sec641" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec641" href = "#inflection_adj_num">641</a>.</b> Hundreds are declined like the plural of <b>bonus</b> (<a href = "#sec613">613</a>): as, <b>ducentī</b>, <b>ducentae</b>, <b>ducenta</b>, <i>two hundred</i>, G. <b>ducentōrum</b> or <b>ducentū̆m</b> (<a href = "#sec462">462</a>), &c.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page97" id = "page97"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page97"> 97</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec642" id = "sec642" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec642" href = "#inflection_adj_num">642</a>.</b> The adjective <b>mīlle</b>, <i>thousand</i>, is not declined. The substantive has in the singular only N. Ac. Ab. <b>mīlle</b>, or Ab. @@ -14162,7 +14153,7 @@ substantive has in the singular only N. Ac. Ab. <b>mīlle</b>, or Ab. <b>mīllium</b> (<b>mīlium</b>), D. and Ab. <b>mīllibus</b> (<b>mīlibus</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec643" id = "sec643" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec643" href = "#inflection_adj_num">643</a>.</b> Ordinals, as <b>prīmus</b>, <i>first</i>, and distributives, as <b>bīnī</b>, <i>two each</i>, are declined like <b>bonus</b> (<a href = @@ -14171,21 +14162,21 @@ have the genitive plural <b class = "locked">-ū̆m</b> (<a href = "#sec462">462</a>): as, <b>bīnū̆m</b>.</p> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a name = "inflection_noun_pron" id = +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a id = "inflection_noun_pron" href = "#inflection_noun">THE PRONOUN.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "inflection_pron_pers" id = "inflection_pron_pers" href = +<h6><a id = "inflection_pron_pers" href = "#inflection_noun_pron">(A.) THE PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUN.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec644" id = "sec644" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec644" href = "#inflection_pron_pers">644</a>.</b> The pronoun of the first person, <b>ego</b>, <i>I</i>, of the second person, <b>tū</b>, <i>thou</i>, and the reflexive pronoun, <b>suī</b>, <b>sē</b>, <i>himself</i>, <i>herself</i>, <i>itself</i>, <i>themselves</i>, are declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td></td> <th colspan = "2"><b>ego</b>, <i>I</i></th> @@ -14246,7 +14237,7 @@ person, <b>tū</b>, <i>thou</i>, and the reflexive pronoun, <b>suī</b>, </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec645" id = "sec645" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec645" href = "#inflection_pron_pers">645</a>.</b> The nominatives <b>ego</b> and <b>tū</b>, and the accusatives <b>mē</b>, <b>tē</b> and <b>sē</b>, have no case ending. The last vowel of @@ -14255,27 +14246,27 @@ nominative ego has a different stem from that of its other cases, and the plurals of <b>ego</b> and <b>tū</b> have a different stem from that of the singular.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec646" id = "sec646" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec646" href = "#inflection_pron_pers">646</a>.</b> <b>meī</b>, <b>tuī</b>, and <b>suī</b>, which are often monosyllables in old verse, were originally the genitive of the neuter possessives, used substantively. An old genitive <b>mīs</b> is quoted, and <b>tīs</b> occurs rarely in Plautus.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec647" id = "sec647" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec647" href = "#inflection_pron_pers">647</a>.</b> The relation of the ending <b>-bīs</b> in <b>vōbīs</b> to <b>-bī̆</b> in <b>tibī̆</b> may be due to analogy with <b>illīs, illī</b>. <b>nōbīs</b> is formed after <b>vōbīs</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec648" id = "sec648" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec648" href = "#inflection_pron_pers">648</a>.</b> In old Latin, the ablative is <b>mēd, tēd, sēd</b> (<a href = "#sec426">426</a>), which forms are also used irrationally for the accusative. But by Terence’s time the <b class = "locked">-d</b> was no longer used (<a href = "#sec143">143</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec649" id = "sec649" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec649" href = "#inflection_pron_pers">649</a>.</b> Older forms for <b>vestrū̆m</b> and <b>vestrī</b> are <b>vostrūm</b> and <b>vostrī</b>. The genitive plural was originally a genitive of the @@ -14284,7 +14275,7 @@ singular, that in <b class = "locked">-ū̆m</b> the masculine or feminine plural. In old Latin, <b>nostrōrum</b>, <b>nostrārum</b>, <b>vostrōrum</b>, <b>vostrārum</b> also occur.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec650" id = "sec650" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec650" href = "#inflection_pron_pers">650</a>.</b> Emphasis is given (1.) by reduplication (<a href = "#sec189">189</a>): Ac. and Ab. <b>mēmē</b>, <b>tētē</b>, rare; <b>sēsē</b>, very common. @@ -14293,9 +14284,9 @@ Ac. and Ab. <b>mēmē</b>, <b>tētē</b>, rare; <b>sēsē</b>, very common. but the genitive plural: as, <b>egomet</b>; but <b>tū</b> has only <b>tūtemet</b> or <b>tūtimet</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page98" id = "page98"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page98"> 98</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec651" id = "sec651" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec651" href = "#inflection_pron_pers">651</a>.</b> In inscriptions, the datives <span class = "smallroman">MIHEI</span>, <span class = "smallroman">TIBEI</span>, and <span class = @@ -14307,10 +14298,10 @@ in an old hymn; <span class = "smallroman">SEESE</span> (<a href = "#sec29">29, 1</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "inflection_pron_poss" id = "inflection_pron_poss" href = +<h6><a id = "inflection_pron_poss" href = "#inflection_noun_pron">THE PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE POSSESSIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec652" id = "sec652" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec652" href = "#inflection_pron_poss">652</a>.</b> The possessives of <b>ego</b>, <b>tū</b>, and <b>suī</b>, are <b>meus</b>, <i>mine</i>, <b>tuus</b>, <i>thine</i>, and <b>suus</b>, @@ -14321,7 +14312,7 @@ vocative singular masculine (<a href = "#sec459">459</a>); those of <b>voster</b>, later <b>vester</b>, <i>your</i>, declined like <b>aeger</b> (<a href = "#sec617">617</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec653" id = "sec653" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec653" href = "#inflection_pron_poss">653</a>.</b> Old forms are <b>tuos</b>, <b>tuom</b>, and <b>suos</b>, <b>suom</b> (<a href = "#sec452">452</a>). In old verse <b>me͡us</b>, <b>me͡i</b>, @@ -14329,7 +14320,7 @@ href = "#sec452">452</a>). In old verse <b>me͡us</b>, <b>me͡i</b>, &c., often occur. <b>sōs</b> for <b>suōs</b>, <b>sās</b> for <b>suās</b>, and <b>sīs</b> for <b>suīs</b>, are old and rare.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec654" id = "sec654" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec654" href = "#inflection_pron_poss">654</a>.</b> Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -14337,7 +14328,7 @@ Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> monosyllable; <span class = "smallroman">TOVAM; SVEI, SOVOM, SOVO, SVVO, SOVEIS, SVEIS, SVIEIS</span>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec655" id = "sec655" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec655" href = "#inflection_pron_poss">655</a>.</b> Emphasis is given (1.) by <b>-met</b> added to <b>suō</b>, <b>suā</b>, <b>suōs</b>, and to <b>mea</b> and <b>sua</b>, neuter plural: as, @@ -14345,11 +14336,11 @@ Emphasis is given (1.) by <b>-met</b> added to <b>suō</b>, <b>suā</b>, oftenest found with the ablative: as, <b>suōpte</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "inflection_pron_other" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "inflection_pron_other" href = "#inflection_noun_pron">(B.) OTHER PRONOUNS.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec656" id = "sec656" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec656" href = "#inflection_pron_other">656</a>.</b> Some pronouns have a peculiar genitive singular in <b>-ī̆us</b> and dative singular in <b class = "locked">-ī</b>, for masculine, feminine, @@ -14360,14 +14351,14 @@ and neuter alike.</p> character also have this form of the genitive and dative: see <a href = "#sec618">618</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec657" id = "sec657" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec657" href = "#inflection_pron_other">657</a>.</b> In verse, the <b>-ī-</b> of the genitive is often shortened, and always in <b>utriusque</b>; but <b>neutrīus</b> is not found with short i. In dramatic verse, the genitive singular of <b>iste</b>, <b>ille</b>, or <b>ipse</b>, is often two syllables.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec658" id = "sec658" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec658" href = "#inflection_pron_other">658</a>.</b> <b>hīc</b>, is, <b>quī</b> or <b>quis</b>, and their derivatives have the genitive singular in <b class = "locked">-ius</b>, thus: @@ -14376,7 +14367,7 @@ dramatic verse, these genitives are often one syllable. Their datives are <b>huic</b> for <b>hoice</b>, <b>ē̆ī</b> or <b>e͡i</b>, and <b>quoi</b> or <b>cui</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec659" id = "sec659" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec659" href = "#inflection_pron_other">659</a>.</b> Six words have a peculiar neuter nominative and accusative singular in <b class = "locked">-d</b>: <b>id</b>, <b>illud</b>, <b>istud</b>, @@ -14389,24 +14380,24 @@ sometimes also in inscriptions of the empire. In <b>hoc</b> for "#sec166_1">166, 1</a>; <a href = "#sec171">171, 1</a>).</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_pron_dem" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_pron_dem" href = "#inflection_noun_pron">THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec660" id = "sec660" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec660" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">660</a>.</b> The demonstrative pronouns are <b>hīc</b>, <i>this</i>, <i>this near me</i>; <b>iste</b>, <b>istic</b>, <i>that</i>, <i>that near you</i>; and <b>ille</b>, <b>illic</b>, <i>yonder</i>, <i>that</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page99" id = "page99"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page99"> 99</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec661" id = "sec661" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec661" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">661</a>.</b> The demonstrative pronoun <b>hīc</b>, <i>this</i>, <i>this near me</i>, is declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -14481,7 +14472,7 @@ is declined as follows:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec662" id = "sec662" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec662" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">662</a>.</b> The stem of <b>hīc</b> is <b>ho-</b>, <b>hā-</b>; to most of its cases a demonstrative <b class = "locked">-c</b> for <b class = "locked">-ce</b> @@ -14494,7 +14485,7 @@ href = "#sec96">96</a>). <b>hunc</b>, <b>hanc</b>, are for of <b>huius</b>, see <a href = "#sec153_2">153, 2</a>; of <b>hoc</b>, <a href = "#sec171">171, 1</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec663" id = "sec663" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec663" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">663</a>.</b> Old forms with the full ending <b>-ce</b> are rare except after <b class = "locked">-s</b>: Plural Ne. Acc. <b>haece</b> (Enn.); G. F. @@ -14508,7 +14499,7 @@ retained in the weakened form <b class = "locked">-ci-</b>: as, <b>hīcine</b>. But <b>hīcne</b>, <b>hocne</b>, <b>huicne</b>, &c., are found, though rarely.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec664" id = "sec664" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec664" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">664</a>.</b> The nominative <b>hic</b> or <b>hicine</b> found in the dramatists and rarely later is probably for <b>*ho-c</b>, <b>*he-c</b> (<a href = @@ -14517,7 +14508,7 @@ rarely later is probably for <b>*ho-c</b>, <b>*he-c</b> (<a href = Pl. N. M. <b>hīsce</b> (<a href = "#sec461">461</a>), D. or Ab. <b>hībus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec665" id = "sec665" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec665" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">665</a>.</b> Other case forms of <b>hīc</b> are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -14551,13 +14542,13 @@ D. and Ab. <span class = "smallroman">HEISCE</span>, <span class = "smallroman">HIBVS</span>. Ac. F. <span class = "smallroman">HASCE</span>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec666" id = "sec666" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec666" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">666</a>.</b> The demonstrative pronouns <b>iste</b>, <i>that</i>, <i>that near you</i>, and <b>ille</b>, <i>yonder</i>, are declined alike, as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -14632,9 +14623,9 @@ follows:</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page100" id = "page100"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page100"> 100</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec667" id = "sec667" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec667" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">667</a>.</b> The first syllable of <b>iste</b> and <b>ille</b> is often short in the dramatists. Old forms of <b>iste</b> are: N. <b>istus</b>, G. @@ -14649,7 +14640,7 @@ have <b>eccistam</b>, <b>eccilla</b>, <b>eccillud</b>, <b>eccillum</b>, <b>eccillam</b>, for <b>ecce istam</b>, &c., and <b>ellum</b>, <b>ellam</b>, for <b>em illum</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec668" id = "sec668" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec668" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">668</a>.</b> Other case forms of ille are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -14659,13 +14650,13 @@ Plural: N. M. <span class = "smallroman">ILLEI</span>. G. <span class = class = "smallroman">OLLEIS</span>, <span class = "smallroman">ILLEIS</span>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec669" id = "sec669" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec669" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">669</a>.</b> <b>istic</b> and <b>illic</b>, compounded of <b>iste</b>, <b>ille</b>, and <b class = "locked">-ce</b> or <b class = "locked">-c</b>, are declined alike, as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -14722,7 +14713,7 @@ declined alike, as follows:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec670" id = "sec670" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec670" href = "#inflection_pron_dem">670</a>.</b> Rare forms are: N. and Ac. Ne. <b>istoc</b>, <b>illoc</b>, G. <b>illīusce</b>, D. <b>illīc</b>, Ab. F. <b>istāce</b>, <b>illāce</b>. @@ -14734,16 +14725,16 @@ class = "locked">-ci-</b>: N. <b>illicine</b>, <b>istucine</b>, Ac. <b>istōscine</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_pron_det" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_pron_det" href = "#inflection_noun_pron">THE DETERMINATIVE PRONOUN.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec671" id = "sec671" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec671" href = "#inflection_pron_det">671</a>.</b> The determinative pronoun <b>is</b>, <i>that</i>, <i>the aforesaid</i>, <i>the one</i>, is declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -14818,7 +14809,7 @@ The determinative pronoun <b>is</b>, <i>that</i>, <i>the aforesaid</i>, </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec672" id = "sec672" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec672" href = "#inflection_pron_det">672</a>.</b> <b>is</b> and <b>id</b> (<a href = "#sec659">659</a>) are formed from a stem <b class = "locked">-i-</b>, and the other parts from a stem @@ -14828,9 +14819,9 @@ Plautus <b>eiius</b>; for the quantity of the first syllable of <a href = "#sec127_3">127, 3</a>, and <a href = "#sec127_4">127, 4</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page101" id = "page101"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page101"> 101</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec673" id = "sec673" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec673" href = "#inflection_pron_det">673</a>.</b> In old verse, the genitive singular rarely has the first syllable short. Old and rare forms are: D. F. <b>eae</b>, Ac. M. <b>im</b> or @@ -14841,7 +14832,7 @@ Old and rare forms are: D. F. <b>eae</b>, Ac. M. <b>im</b> or also <b>eccum</b>, <b>eccam</b>, <b>eccōs</b>, <b>eccās</b>, <b>ecca</b>, for <b>ecce eum</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec674" id = "sec674" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec674" href = "#inflection_pron_det">674</a>.</b> Other case forms of <b>is</b> are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -14865,23 +14856,23 @@ class = "smallroman">IEIS</span>, <span class = "smallroman">IS</span>; after the republic, <span class = "smallroman">IIS</span>, <span class = "smallroman">I</span>I<span class = "smallroman">S</span>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec675" id = "sec675" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec675" href = "#inflection_pron_det">675</a>.</b> A rare and old pronoun equivalent to <b>is</b> is <b>sum</b>, <b>sam</b>, accusative singular, <b>sōs</b>, accusative plural, and <b>sīs</b>, dative plural.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_pron_ident" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_pron_ident" href = "#inflection_noun_pron">THE PRONOUN OF IDENTITY.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec676" id = "sec676" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec676" href = "#inflection_pron_ident">676</a>.</b> The pronoun of identity, <b>īdem</b>, <i>the same</i>, is declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -14956,7 +14947,7 @@ follows:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec677" id = "sec677" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec677" href = "#inflection_pron_ident">677</a>.</b> In manuscripts and editions, the plural nominative masculine is often written <b>iīdem</b>, and the dative and ablative <b>iīsdem</b>. The @@ -14966,7 +14957,7 @@ In verse, <b>eundem</b>, <b>e͡andem</b>, <b>e͡idem</b>, <b>e͡odem</b>, <b>e͡adem</b>, and <b>e͡idem</b>, <b>e͡aedem</b>, <b>e͡orundem</b>, <b>e͡osdem</b>, <b>e͡asdem</b>, are often found.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec678" id = "sec678" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec678" href = "#inflection_pron_ident">678</a>.</b> Other case forms of <b>īdem</b> are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -14984,18 +14975,18 @@ D. and Ab. <span class = "smallroman">ISDEM</span>, very rarely <span class = "smallroman">IISDEM</span>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_pron_intens" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_pron_intens" href = "#inflection_noun_pron">THE INTENSIVE PRONOUN.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec679" id = "sec679" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec679" href = "#inflection_pron_intens">679</a>.</b> The intensive pronoun <b>ipse</b>, <i>himself</i>, stems <b>ipso-</b>, <b>ipsā-</b>, is declined like <b>ille</b> (<a href = "#sec666">666</a>), but has the nominative and accusative neuter singular <b>ipsum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec680" id = "sec680" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec680" href = "#inflection_pron_intens">680</a>.</b> In dramatic verse, <b>ipse</b> has rarely the first syllable short, and often has the older form <b>ipsus</b>. Plautus has these forms: @@ -15004,27 +14995,27 @@ N. F. <b>eapse</b>, Ac. <b>eumpse</b>, <b>eampse</b>, Ab. <b>reāpse</b> for <b>rē ipsā</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page102" id = "page102"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page102"> 102</a></span> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "inflection_pron_rel" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "inflection_pron_rel" href = "#inflection_noun_pron">THE RELATIVE, INTERROGATIVE, AND INDEFINITE PRONOUN.</a></h6> <p class = "header size5">(1.) <b>quī</b> <span class = "smallroman">AND</span> <b>quis</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec681" id = "sec681" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec681" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">681</a>.</b> The stem <b>qui-</b>, or <b>quo-</b>, <b>quā-</b>, is used in three ways: as a relative, <i>who</i>, <i>which</i>; as an interrogative, <i>who? which? what?</i> as an indefinite, <i>any</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec682" id = "sec682" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec682" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">682</a>.</b> (<i>a</i>.) The relative <b>quī</b>, <i>who</i>, <i>which</i>, is declined as follows:</p> -<table class = "box"> +<table style=";"> <colgroup> <col class = "box"> </colgroup> @@ -15099,13 +15090,13 @@ declined as follows:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec683" id = "sec683" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec683" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">683</a>.</b> (<i>b.</i>) The interrogative adjective <b>quī</b>, <b>quae</b>, <b>quod</b>, <i>which? what?</i> is declined like the relative <b>quī</b> (<a href = "#sec682">682</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec684" id = "sec684" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec684" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">684</a>.</b> The interrogative substantive has in the nominative singular <b>quis</b>, <b>quid</b>, <i>who? what?</i> the rest is like <b>quī</b> @@ -15115,14 +15106,14 @@ The interrogative substantive has in the nominative singular feminine, but a separate feminine form <b>quae</b> is used three or four times.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec685" id = "sec685" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec685" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">685</a>.</b> <b>quis</b> interrogative is sometimes used adjectively with appellatives: as, <b>quis senātor?</b> <i>what senator?</i> And <b>quī</b> is sometimes used substantively: as, <b>quī prīmus Ameriam nūntiat?</b> <i>who is the first to bring the tidings to Ameria?</i></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec686" id = "sec686" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec686" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">686</a>.</b> (<i>c.</i>) The indefinite <b>quis</b> or <b>quī</b>, <i>one</i>, <i>any</i>, has the following forms:</p> @@ -15133,7 +15124,7 @@ nominative and neuter plural nominative and accusative commonly <b>qua</b>, also <b>quae</b>. The rest is like <b>quī</b> (<a href = "#sec682">682</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec687" id = "sec687" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec687" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">687</a>.</b> <b>quis</b>, <b>quem</b>, <b>quid</b>, and <b>quibus</b> come from the stem <b>qui-</b>; the other parts come from <b>quo-</b>, <b>quā-</b>. @@ -15141,7 +15132,7 @@ stem <b>qui-</b>; the other parts come from <b>quo-</b>, <b>quā-</b>. "#sec690">690</a>). For <b>quid</b> and <b>quod</b>, see <a href = "#sec659">659</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec688" id = "sec688" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec688" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">688</a>.</b> Old forms of the genitive singular are <b>quoius</b>, and of the dative <b>quoiei</b>, <b>quoiī</b>, or <b>quoi</b>, also in derivatives of @@ -15150,7 +15141,7 @@ rare. The dative and ablative plural is sometimes <b>quīs</b> from <b>quo-</b>, <b>quā-</b>. A nominative plural interrogative and indefinite <b>quēs</b> is rare (Pacuv.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec689" id = "sec689" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec689" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">689</a>.</b> The ablative or locative is sometimes <b>quī</b>, from the stem <b>qui-</b>: as an interrogative, <i>how?</i> as a relative, @@ -15159,9 +15150,9 @@ Latin sometimes with a plural antecedent; especially referring to an indefinite person, and with <b>cum</b> attached, <b>quīcum</b>; and as an indefinite, <i>somehow</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page103" id = "page103"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page103"> 103</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec690" id = "sec690" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec690" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">690</a>.</b> Other case forms of <b>quī</b> or <b>quis</b> and their derivatives are found in inscriptions, as follows:</p> @@ -15183,13 +15174,13 @@ class = "smallroman">QVOIVM</span>.</p> <p class = "header size8">DERIVATIVES OF <b>quī</b> AND <b>quis</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec691" id = "sec691" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec691" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">691</a>.</b> The derivatives of <b>quī</b> and <b>quis</b> have commonly <b>quis</b> and <b>quid</b> as substantives, and <b>quī</b> and <b>quod</b> as adjectives. Forms requiring special mention are named below:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec692" id = "sec692" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec692" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">692</a>.</b> <b>quisquis</b>, <i>whoever</i>, <i>whatever</i>, <i>everybody who</i>, <i>everything which</i>, an indefinite relative, has only these forms in @@ -15256,11 +15247,11 @@ and <b>quemque</b> are sometimes feminine. Ab. S. <b>quīque</b> (<a href <b>quodvīs</b>, <i>which you will</i>; Ab. also <b>quīvīs</b> (<a href = "#sec689">689</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page104" id = "page104"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page104"> 104</a></span> <p class = "header size5">(2.) <b>uter</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec693" id = "sec693" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec693" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">693</a>.</b> <b>uter</b>, <b>utra</b>, <b>utrum</b>, <i>whether? which of the two?</i> has the genitive singular <b>utrīus</b>, and the dative @@ -15272,7 +15263,7 @@ singular <b>utrī</b>.</p> <p class = "header size8">DERIVATIVES OF <b>uter</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec694" id = "sec694" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec694" href = "#inflection_pron_rel">694</a>.</b> The derivatives of <b>uter</b> are declined like <b>uter</b>; they are:</p> @@ -15302,16 +15293,16 @@ always <b>utriusque</b> (<a href = "#sec657">657</a>).</p> except D. <b>alterutrīs</b> once (Plin.).</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "inflection_pron_corr" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "inflection_pron_corr" href = "#inflection_noun_pron">CORRELATIVE PRONOUNS.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec695" id = "sec695" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec695" href = "#inflection_pron_corr">695</a>.</b> Pronouns often correspond with each other in meaning and form; some of the commonest correlatives are the following:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Kind.</th> <th>Interrogative.</th> @@ -15361,17 +15352,17 @@ the commonest correlatives are the following:</p> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page105" id = "page105"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page105"> 105</a></span> -<h5><a name = "inflection_noun_adv" id = "inflection_noun_adv" href = +<h5><a id = "inflection_noun_adv" href = "#inflection">THE ADVERB,<br> THE CONJUNCTION, AND THE PREPOSITION.</a></h5> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "inflection_adv_nounadv" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "inflection_adv_nounadv" href = "#inflection_noun_adv">I. NOUNS AS ADVERBS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec696" id = "sec696" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec696" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">696</a>.</b> Adverbs, conjunctions, and prepositions are chiefly noun or pronoun cases which have become fixed in a specific form and with a specific @@ -15379,12 +15370,12 @@ meaning. Many of these words were still felt to be live cases, even in the developed period of the language; with others the consciousness of their noun character was lost.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec697" id = "sec697" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec697" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">697</a>.</b> Three cases are used adverbially: the accusative, the ablative, and the locative.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a class = "error" name = "sec698" id = "sec698" +<p class = "fourth"><b><a class = "error" id = "sec698" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv" title = ". invisible">698.</a></b> The rather indeterminate meaning of the accusative and the ablative is sometimes more exactly defined by a preposition. The preposition may @@ -15403,7 +15394,7 @@ endings, though they can no longer be recognized as such: see <a href = <p class = "header">(<i>a.</i>) <span class = "smallcaps">Accusative of Substantives</span>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec699" id = "sec699" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec699" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">699</a>.</b> <b>domum</b>, <i>homeward, home</i>; <b>rūs</b>, <i>afield</i>; <b>forās</b>, <i>out of doors</i> <b>(*forā-); vicem</b>, @@ -15414,7 +15405,7 @@ Substantives</span>.</p> "blockletter">T</span></i>; <b>adfatim</b>, <i>to satiety</i>; <b>invicem</b>, <i>in turn, each other</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec700" id = "sec700" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec700" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">700</a>.</b> Many adverbs in <b>-tim</b> and <b>-sim</b> denote manner (<a href = "#sec549">549</a>): as, <b>cautim</b>, <i>warily</i>, <b>statim</b>, @@ -15426,7 +15417,7 @@ Many adverbs in <b>-tim</b> and <b>-sim</b> denote manner (<a href = <p class = "header">(<i>b.</i>) <span class = "smallcaps">Accusative of Adjectives and Pronouns</span>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec701" id = "sec701" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec701" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">701</a>.</b> Neuters: all comparative adverbs in <b>-ius</b> (<a href = "#sec361">361</a>): as, <b>doctius</b>, <i>more learnedly</i>; so @@ -15443,7 +15434,7 @@ last</i>, <b>summum</b>, <i>at most</i>; <b>versum</b>, <i>toward</i>, rest</i>; <b>quia</b>, <i>because</i> (<b>qui-</b>); in old Latin <b>frūstra</b>, <i>in vain</i> (<b>fraud-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec702" id = "sec702" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec702" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">702</a>.</b> Feminines: <b>bifāriam</b>, <i>twofold</i>; <b>cōram</b>, <i>face to face</i> (<b>com-</b> or <b>co-, *ōrā-</b>); <b>tam</b>, <i>so</i> @@ -15451,7 +15442,7 @@ face</i> (<b>com-</b> or <b>co-, *ōrā-</b>); <b>tam</b>, <i>so</i> <b>aliās</b>, <i>on other occasions</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page106" id = "page106"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page106"> 106</a></span> <p class = "header size5 smallcaps">(2.) Ablative.</p> @@ -15459,7 +15450,7 @@ face</i> (<b>com-</b> or <b>co-, *ōrā-</b>); <b>tam</b>, <i>so</i> <p class = "header">(<i>a.</i>) <span class = "smallcaps">Ablative of Substantives.</span></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec703" id = "sec703" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec703" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">703</a>.</b> <b>domō</b>, <i>from home</i>, <b>rūre</b>, <i>from the country</i>; <b>hodiē</b>, <i>to-day</i> (<b>ho-</b>, <b>diē-</b>), <b>volgō</b>, @@ -15476,7 +15467,7 @@ spot</i> (<a href = "#sec169_4">169, 4</a>; <a href = <p class = "header">(<i>b.</i>) <span class = "smallcaps">Ablative of Adjectives and Pronouns.</span></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec704" id = "sec704" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec704" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">704</a>.</b> Many adverbs in <b>-ō</b> are formed from adjectives of time: as, <b>perpetuō</b>, <i>to the end</i>, <b>crēbrō</b>, <i>frequently</i>, @@ -15487,7 +15478,7 @@ earnest</i>. Some are formed from participles: as, <b>auspicātō</b>, <i>with auspices taken</i>; <b>compositō</b>, <i>by agreement</i>. A plural is rare: <b>alternīs</b>, <i>alternately</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec705" id = "sec705" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec705" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">705</a>.</b> Instead of <b>-ō</b>, neuter ablatives commonly have <b>-ē</b>: as, <b>longē</b>, <i>far</i>, <b>doctē</b>, <i>wisely</i>. So also @@ -15496,14 +15487,14 @@ class = "smallroman">FACILVMED</span> (<a href = "#sec362">362</a>). Consonant stems have <b class = "locked">-e</b>: as, <b>repente</b>, <i>suddenly</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec706" id = "sec706" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec706" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">706</a>.</b> From pronouns some end in <b>-ī</b> (<a href = "#sec689">689</a>): as, <b>quī</b>,<i> how?</i> indefinite, <b>quī</b>, <i>somehow</i>; <b>atquī</b>, <i>but somehow</i>; <b>quī-quam</b>, <i>in any way at all</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec707" id = "sec707" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec707" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">707</a>.</b> Feminines: many in <b>-ā</b>: <b>ūnā</b>, <i>together</i>; <b>circā</b>, <i>around</i>; <b>contrā</b>, <i>against</i> (<b>com-</b>, <a href = @@ -15515,7 +15506,7 @@ Feminines: many in <b>-ā</b>: <b>ūnā</b>, <i>together</i>; <b>circā</b>, <p class = "header size5 smallcaps">(3.) Locative.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec708" id = "sec708" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec708" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">708</a>.</b> In <b>-ī</b>, from names of towns and a few other words: <b>Karthāginī</b>, <i>at Carthage</i>; <b>Rōmae</b>, for <b>Rōmāī</b>, @@ -15527,7 +15518,7 @@ title = "; missing">home;</ins></i> <b>illī</b>, commonly <b>illī-c</b>, <i>so</i>, <i>if</i>; <b>sīc</b>, <i>so</i> (<b>sī</b>, <b class = "locked">-ce</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec709" id = "sec709" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec709" href = "#inflection_adv_nounadv">709</a>.</b> In <b>-bī̆</b>, from some pronouns: <b>ibī̆</b>, <i>there</i> (<b>i-</b>); <b>ubī̆</b> (for <b>*quobī̆</b>, <a href = @@ -15536,10 +15527,10 @@ In <b>-bī̆</b>, from some pronouns: <b>ibī̆</b>, <i>there</i> anywhere</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "inflection_adv_other" id = "inflection_adv_other" href = +<h6><a id = "inflection_adv_other" href = "#inflection_noun_adv">Other Endings.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec710" id = "sec710" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec710" href = "#inflection_adv_other">710</a>.</b> Besides the above, other endings are also found in words of this class: as,</p> @@ -15568,18 +15559,18 @@ are</i>; <b>illim</b>, commonly <b>illinc</b>, <i>from yonder</i>; <b>amanter</b>, <i>affectionately</i>; rarely from <b class = "locked">-o-</b> stems: as, <b>firmiter</b>, <i>steadfastly</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page107" id = "page107"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page107"> 107</a></span> -<h6><a name = "inflection_adv_corr" id = "inflection_adv_corr" href = +<h6><a id = "inflection_adv_corr" href = "#inflection_noun_adv">CORRELATIVE ADVERBS.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec711" id = "sec711" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec711" href = "#inflection_adv_corr">711</a>.</b> Adverbs derived from pronoun stems often correspond with each other in meaning and form; some of the commonest correlatives are the following:</p> -<table class = "fullbox nolock"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td></td> <th>Interrogative.</th> @@ -15653,11 +15644,11 @@ following:</p> </table> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "inflection_adv_sent" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "inflection_adv_sent" href = "#inflection_noun_adv">II. SENTENCES AS ADVERBS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec712" id = "sec712" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec712" href = "#inflection_adv_sent">712</a>.</b> Some adverbs are condensed sentences: as,</p> @@ -15675,32 +15666,32 @@ astonishingly</i>; <b>nesciō quō pactō</b>, <b>nesciō quōmodo</b>, <div class = "verbs"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page108" id = "page108"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page108"> 108</a></span> -<h4><a name = "inflection_verb" id = "inflection_verb" href = +<h4><a id = "inflection_verb" href = "#start">(B.) INFLECTION OF THE VERB.</a></h4> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec713" id = "sec713" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec713" href = "#inflection_verb">713.</a></b> The verb is inflected by attaching person endings to the several stems.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "verb_general_stem" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "verb_general_stem" href = "#inflection_verb">THE STEM.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec714" id = "sec714" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec714" href = "#verb_general_stem">714.</a></b> The stem contains the meaning of the verb, and also denotes the mode (mood) and the time (tense) of the action as viewed by the speaker.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec715" id = "sec715" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec715" href = "#verb_general_stem">715.</a></b> There are three <span class = "smallcaps">Moods</span>, <i>Indicative</i>, <i>Subjunctive</i>, and <i>Imperative</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec716" id = "sec716" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec716" href = "#verb_general_stem">716.</a></b> There are six <span class = "smallcaps">Tenses</span> in the indicative, three of the present system, <i>Present</i>, <i>Imperfect</i>, and @@ -15708,26 +15699,26 @@ three of the present system, <i>Present</i>, <i>Imperfect</i>, and <i>Pluperfect</i>, and <i>Future Perfect</i>. The subjunctive lacks the futures; the imperative has only the present.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec717" id = "sec717" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec717" href = "#verb_general_stem">717.</a></b> The meanings of the moods and tenses are best learnt from reading. No satisfactory translation can be given in the paradigms, especially of the subjunctive, which requires a variety of translations for its various uses.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec718" id = "sec718" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec718" href = "#verb_general_stem">718.</a></b> The verb has two principal stems: I. The Present stem, which is the base of the present system; II. The Perfect stem, which is the base of the perfect active system.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec719" id = "sec719" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec719" href = "#verb_general_stem">719.</a></b> The perfect system has no passive; its place is supplied by the perfect participle with a form of <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, or less frequently of <b>fuī</b>, <i>am become</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec720" id = "sec720" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec720" href = "#verb_general_stem">720.</a></b> Many verbs have only the present system: as, <b>maereō</b>, <i>mourn</i>; some have only the perfect system: as, <b>meminī</b>, @@ -15738,11 +15729,11 @@ two separate roots or stems: as, present indicative <b>ferō</b>, <b>potuī</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "verb_general_person" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "verb_general_person" href = "#inflection_verb">THE PERSON ENDING.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec721" id = "sec721" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec721" href = "#verb_general_person">721.</a></b> The person ending limits the meaning of the stem by pointing out the person of the subject. There are three <span class = @@ -15750,38 +15741,38 @@ person of the subject. There are three <span class = <i>Second</i>, of what is spoken to, and the <i>Third</i>, of what is spoken of. The person ending furthermore indicates number and voice.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec722" id = "sec722" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec722" href = "#verb_general_person">722.</a></b> There are two <span class = "smallcaps">Numbers</span>: the <i>Singular</i>, used of one, and the <i>Plural</i>, used of more than one.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec723" id = "sec723" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec723" href = "#verb_general_person">723.</a></b> There are two <span class = "smallcaps">Voices</span>: the <i>Active</i>, indicating that the subject acts, and the <i>Passive</i>, indicating that the subject acts on himself, or more commonly is acted on by another.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page109" id = "page109"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page109"> 109</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec724" id = "sec724" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec724" href = "#verb_general_person">724.</a></b> Only transitive verbs have all persons of the passive. Intransitive verbs have in the passive only the third person singular, used impersonally; the participle in this construction is neuter.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec725" id = "sec725" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec725" href = "#verb_general_person">725.</a></b> Some verbs have only the passive person endings, but with a reflexive or an active meaning; such are called <i>Deponents</i>: see <a href = "#sec798">798</a>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec726" id = "sec726" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec726" href = "#verb_general_person">726.</a></b> The person endings are as follows:</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th><i>Voice.</i></th> <th colspan = "4">Active.</th> @@ -15840,7 +15831,7 @@ The person endings are as follows:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec727" id = "sec727" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec727" href = "#verb_general_person">727.</a></b> In the perfect indicative active, the second person singular ends in <b class = "locked">-tī</b>, and the third person plural in <b class = @@ -15849,7 +15840,7 @@ class = "locked">-re</b>. <b class = "locked">-re</b> is most used in poetry and history, and by Cato and Sallust; <b class = "locked">-runt</b> by Cicero, and almost always by Caesar.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec728" id = "sec728" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec728" href = "#verb_general_person">728.</a></b> In the indicative <b>-m</b> is not used in the present (except in <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, and <b>inquam</b>, <i>quoth I</i>), in the @@ -15858,7 +15849,7 @@ perfect or future perfect, or in the future in <b class = for <b>ess</b>, <i>thou art</i>, and in <b>ēs</b>, <i>eatest</i> (<a href = "#sec171">171, 1</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec729" id = "sec729" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec729" href = "#verb_general_person">729.</a></b> In inscriptions, <b>-d</b> sometimes stands for <b>-t</b> (<a href = "#sec149">149, 2</a>) in the third person singular, and sometimes @@ -15873,7 +15864,7 @@ sometimes used: as, Pisaurian <span class = "smallroman">DEDROT</span>, class = "smallroman">DEDERI</span>, probably for <b>dedēre</b> (<a href = "#sec856">856</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec730" id = "sec730" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec730" href = "#verb_general_person">730.</a></b> In the passive second person singular, Terence has always, Plautus commonly <b class = "locked">-re</b>; later it is unusual in the present @@ -15885,7 +15876,7 @@ supplied by a single participial form in <b class = "locked">-minī</b>, which is used without reference to gender, for gender words and neuters alike (<a href = "#sec297">297</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec731" id = "sec731" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec731" href = "#verb_general_person">731.</a></b> Deponents have rarely <b>-mino</b>, in the imperative singular: as, second person, <b>prōgredimino</b>, <i>step forward thou</i> (Plaut.); @@ -15898,13 +15889,13 @@ rare: as, <span class = "smallroman">CENSENTO</span>, <i>let them be rated</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page110" id = "page110"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page110"> 110</a></span> -<h6><a name = "verb_general_nouns" id = "verb_general_nouns" href = +<h6><a id = "verb_general_nouns" href = "#inflection_verb">NOUNS OF THE VERB.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec732" id = "sec732" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec732" href = "#verb_general_nouns">732.</a></b> The verb is accompanied by some nouns, which are conveniently, though not quite accurately, reckoned parts of the verb; they are:</p> @@ -15922,21 +15913,21 @@ perfect passive, compound forms are used.</p> Active</i>, and <i>Perfect Passive</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "verb_general_principal" id = "verb_general_principal" +<h6><a id = "verb_general_principal" href = "#inflection_verb">PRINCIPAL PARTS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec733" id = "sec733" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec733" href = "#verb_general_principal">733.</a></b> The several verb stems can readily be found, when once the principal parts are known; these are given in the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec734" id = "sec734" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec734" href = "#verb_general_principal">734.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> of a verb are the <i>Present Indicative Active</i>, <i>Present Infinitive Active</i>, <i>Perfect Indicative Active</i>, and <i>Perfect Participle</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Pres. Indic.</th> <th>Pres. Infin.</th> @@ -15969,12 +15960,12 @@ The <span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> of a verb are the </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec735" id = "sec735" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec735" href = "#verb_general_principal">735.</a></b> The Principal Parts of deponents are the <i>Present Indicative</i>, <i>Present Infinitive</i>, and <i>Perfect Participle</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Pres. Indic.</th> <th>Pres. Infin.</th> @@ -16002,10 +15993,10 @@ The Principal Parts of deponents are the <i>Present Indicative</i>, </tr> </table> -<h6><a name = "verb_general_designation" id = "verb_general_designation" +<h6><a id = "verb_general_designation" href = "#inflection_verb">DESIGNATION OF THE VERB.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec736" id = "sec736" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec736" href = "#verb_general_designation">736.</a></b> A verb is usually named by the present indicative active first person singular: as, <b>regō</b>; <b>laudō</b>, <b>moneō</b>, <b>audiō</b>; or @@ -16015,7 +16006,7 @@ passive forms: as, <b>queror</b>; <b>mīror</b>, <b>vereor</b>, <b>partior</b>; or <b>querī</b>; <b>mīrārī</b>, <b>verērī</b>, <b>partīrī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec737" id = "sec737" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec737" href = "#verb_general_designation">737.</a></b> For convenience, verbs with <b>-ere</b> in the present infinitive active are called <i>Verbs in</i> <b class = "locked">-ere</b>; those with <b @@ -16028,12 +16019,12 @@ respectively. In like manner deponents are designated as <i>Verbs in</i> "locked">-īrī</b>, respectively.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page111" id = "page111"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page111"> 111</a></span> -<h6><a name = "verb_general_theme" id = "verb_general_theme" href = +<h6><a id = "verb_general_theme" href = "#inflection_verb">THEME OF THE VERB.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec738" id = "sec738" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec738" href = "#verb_general_theme">738.</a></b> The several stems of the verb come from a form called the <i>Theme</i>. In primitives, the theme is a root; in denominatives, the theme is a @@ -16044,12 +16035,12 @@ root; while <b>vesti-</b> in <b>vesti-ō</b>, <i>dress</i>, is a noun stem. The noun stem is sometimes modified in form. Oftentimes the noun stem is only presumed: as, <b>audi-</b> in <b>audi-ō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec739" id = "sec739" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec739" href = "#verb_general_theme">739.</a></b> Some verbs have a denominative theme in the present system, and a primitive theme in the perfect system, others have the reverse.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec740" id = "sec740" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec740" href = "#verb_general_theme">740.</a></b> Most verbs with an infinitive of more than two syllables in <b>-āre</b>, <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>, or <b class = "locked">-īre</b>, or, if @@ -16065,11 +16056,11 @@ primitive. A few verbs, however, which have the appearance of denominatives, are thought to be primitive in their origin.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "verb_general_arrange" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "verb_general_arrange" href = "#inflection_verb">ARRANGEMENT OF THE VERB.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec741" id = "sec741" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec741" href = "#verb_general_arrange">741.</a></b> Verbs are divided into two classes, according to the form of the present system: I. Root verbs, and verbs in <b class = "locked">-ere</b>, mostly @@ -16077,7 +16068,7 @@ primitive; II. Verbs in <b class = "locked">-āre</b>, <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>, or <b class = "locked">-īre</b>, mostly denominative.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec742" id = "sec742" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec742" href = "#verb_general_arrange">742.</a></b> Verbs are sometimes arranged without regard to difference of kind, in the alphabetical order of the vowel before -s of the second person @@ -16087,10 +16078,10 @@ sometimes called the <i>first</i>, <i>second</i>, <i>third</i>, and <i>fourth conjugation</i> respectively.</p> -<h5 class = "topline2"><a name = "verb_primitive" id = "verb_primitive" +<h5 class = "topline2"><a id = "verb_primitive" href = "#inflection_verb">I. Primitive Verbs.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec743" id = "sec743" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec743" href = "#verb_primitive">743.</a></b> A few of the oldest and commonest verbs of everyday life have a bare root as stem in the present indicative or in parts of it; and some of @@ -16100,16 +16091,16 @@ primitives are verbs in <b class = "locked">-ere</b>, like <b>regō</b> (<a href = "#sec782">782</a>).</p> -<h6 class = "extended"><a name = "verb_primitive_root" id = +<h6 class = "extended"><a id = "verb_primitive_root" href = "#verb_primitive">(A.) ROOT VERBS.</a></h6> <p class = "center"><i>Irregular Verbs.</i></p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verb_primitive_root_1" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "verb_primitive_root_1" href = "#verb_primitive_root">(<i>a.</i>) <span class = "smallcaps">With a Prevalent Bare Root.</span></a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec744" id = "sec744" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec744" href = "#verb_primitive_root_1">744.</a></b> Primitives with the bare root as present indicative stem in almost all their forms are <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, <b>dō</b>, <i>give</i>, @@ -16117,20 +16108,20 @@ their forms are <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, <b>dō</b>, <i>give</i>, <i>drink</i>, <b>serō</b>, <i>sow</i>, and <b>sistō</b>, <i>set</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page112" id = "page112"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page112"> 112</a></span> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_primitive_sum" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_primitive_sum" href = "#verb_primitive_root_1"> (1.) <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i> (<b><em>es-</em></b>, <b><em>s-</em></b>).</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec745" id = "sec745" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec745" href = "#verb_primitive_sum">745.</a></b> <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, is used only in the present system (<a href = "#sec720">720</a>). The perfect system is supplied by forms of <b>fuī</b> (<b><em>fu-</em></b>).</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan = "4">PRINCIPAL PARTS.</th> @@ -16256,7 +16247,7 @@ been</i>, or <i>were</i></p></td> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <th colspan = "4"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page113" id = "page113"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page113"> 113</a></span> SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</th> </tr> @@ -16368,7 +16359,7 @@ be</i></td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec746" id = "sec746" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec746" href = "#verb_primitive_sum">746.</a></b> For the first person <b>sum</b>, Varro mentions <b>esum</b> as an archaic form. This <b>e</b> was probably prefixed by analogy with the @@ -16378,9 +16369,9 @@ other forms; for the <b class = "locked">-m</b>, and for <b>es</b>, see &c., and the future <b>erō</b>, &c., <b>s</b> has become <b>r</b> (<a href = "#sec154">154</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page114" id = "page114"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page114"> 114</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec747" id = "sec747" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec747" href = "#verb_primitive_sum">747.</a></b> The indicative and imperative <b>es</b> is for older <b>ess</b> (<a href = "#sec171">171, 1</a>), and is regularly used long by Plautus and @@ -16394,7 +16385,7 @@ a following <b>es</b> or <b>est</b>: thus, <b>tū servos es</b> becomes <b>tū servos</b>; <b>similis est</b>, <b>similist</b>; <b>virtūs est</b>, <b>virtūst</b>; <b>rēs est</b>, <b>rēst</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec748" id = "sec748" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec748" href = "#verb_primitive_sum">748.</a></b> Old forms are: <span class = "smallroman">SONT</span> (inscr. about 120 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>); with suffix <b class = @@ -16405,7 +16396,7 @@ present subjunctive, <b>siem</b>, <b>siēs</b>, <b>siet</b>, and to 100 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>, and in old verse; also in compounds; imperative <b>estōd</b> rare.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec749" id = "sec749" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec749" href = "#verb_primitive_sum">749.</a></b> The present participle is used only as an adjective. It has two forms: <b>sontem</b> (accusative, no nominative), which has entirely lost its @@ -16417,7 +16408,7 @@ and has only the secondary meaning of <i>guilty</i>, and <b>īnsōns</b>, "smallroman">INSENTIBVS</span>. <b>sum</b> has no gerund or gerundive.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec750" id = "sec750" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec750" href = "#verb_primitive_sum">750.</a></b> A subjunctive present <b>fuam</b>, <b>fuās</b>, <b>fuat</b>, and <b>fuant</b> occurs in old Latin; and an imperfect <b>forem</b>, @@ -16429,12 +16420,12 @@ class = "smallroman">FVET</span>; <b>fūit</b>, <b>fūimus</b>, <b>fūerim</b>, <b>fūerit</b>, <b>fūerint</b>, <b>fūisset</b> (Plaut., Enn.). <b>fuī</b> has no perfect participle or supine.</p> -<p class = "floater second"><b><a name = "sec751" id = "sec751" href = +<p class = "floater second"><b><a id = "sec751" href = "#verb_primitive_sum">751.</a></b></p> <p class = "center second"><b>possum</b>, <i>can</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <col class = "box"> <col> <col> @@ -16498,7 +16489,7 @@ Enn.). <b>fuī</b> has no perfect participle or supine.</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec752" id = "sec752" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec752" href = "#verb_primitive_sum">752.</a></b> <b>possum</b> is formed from <b>pote</b>, <i>able</i>, and <b>sum</b>, juxtaposed (<a href = "#sec166_2">166, 2</a>; <a href = @@ -16508,7 +16499,7 @@ or <b>pote</b> alone takes the place of a verb; in either case <b>potis</b> and <b>pote</b> are indeclinable, and are applied to gender words and neuters both.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec753" id = "sec753" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec753" href = "#verb_primitive_sum">753.</a></b> <b>t</b> is retained before a vowel, except in <b>possem</b>, &c., for <b>potessem</b>, &c., and in <b>posse</b>; <b>t</b> before @@ -16522,21 +16513,21 @@ has no participles; the perfect system, <b>potuī</b>, &c., is like <b>fuī</b>, &c. (<a href = "#sec745">745</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page115" id = "page115"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page115"> 115</a></span> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_primitive_do" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_primitive_do" href = "#verb_primitive_root_1"> (2.) <b>dō</b>, <i>give</i>, <i>put</i> (<b><em>dā-</em></b>, <b><em>da-</em></b>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec754" id = "sec754" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec754" href = "#verb_primitive_do">754.</a></b> There are two verbs <b>dō</b>, one meaning <i>give</i>, and one meaning <i>put</i>. The <b>dō</b> meaning <i>put</i> is oftenest used in compounds; the simple verb has been crowded out by <b>pōnō</b>. The present system of <b>dō</b> is as follows:</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <col class = "box"> <col> <col> @@ -16693,16 +16684,16 @@ present system of <b>dō</b> is as follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page116" id = "page116"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page116"> 116</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec755" id = "sec755" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec755" href = "#verb_primitive_do">755.</a></b> In the present system <b>a</b> is short throughout in the first syllable, except in <b>dās</b> and <b>dā</b>. For <b>dedī</b>, <b>datus</b>, and supines <b>datum</b>, <b>datū</b>, see <a href = "#sec859">859</a> and <a href = "#sec900">900</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a class = "error" name = "sec756" id = "sec756" +<p class = "fifth"><b><a class = "error" id = "sec756" href = "#verb_primitive_do" title = ". missing">756.</a></b> Old forms: <b>danunt</b> of uncertain origin (<a href = "#sec833">833</a>) for <b>dant</b>. From another form of the root come @@ -16713,7 +16704,7 @@ compounds, used especially in law language, and in praying and cursing; <b>crēduam</b>, <b>crēduās</b> or <b>crēduīs</b>, <b>crēduat</b> or <b>crēduit</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec757" id = "sec757" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec757" href = "#verb_primitive_do">757.</a></b> Real compounds of <b>dō</b> have a present system like <b>regō</b> (<a href = "#sec782">782</a>); in the perfect and the perfect participle, @@ -16729,11 +16720,11 @@ the passive is supplied by forms of pereō and <b>vēneō</b>. <a href = "#sec754">754</a>.</p> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_primitive_bibo" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_primitive_bibo" href = "#verb_primitive_root_1">(3.) <b>bibō</b>, <b>serō</b>, and <b>sistō</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec758" id = "sec758" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec758" href = "#verb_primitive_do">758.</a></b> <b>bibō</b>, <i>drink</i>, <b>serō</b>, <i>sow</i> (for <b>*si-sō</b>, <a href = "#sec154">154</a>), and <b>sistō</b>, <i>set</i>, form their @@ -16744,30 +16735,30 @@ verbs have the present system like <b>regō</b> (<a href = "#sec782">782</a>).</p> -<p class = "header topline"><a name = "verb_primitive_root_2" id = +<p class = "header topline"><a id = "verb_primitive_root_2" href = "#verb_primitive_root">(<i>b.</i>) <span class = "smallcaps">With the Bare Root in Parts.</span></a></p> <p class = "header"><b>inquam</b>, <b>eō</b>, and <b>queō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec759" id = "sec759" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec759" href = "#verb_primitive_root_2">759.</a></b> <b>inquam</b>, <b>eō</b>, and <b>queō</b> have the bare root as present stem, in almost all their parts; in a few parts only the root is extended by a formative vowel (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_primitive_inquam" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_primitive_inquam" href = "#verb_primitive_root_2">(1.) <b>inquam</b>, <i>say I</i>, <i>quoth I</i>.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec760" id = "sec760" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec760" href = "#verb_primitive_inquam">760.</a></b> <b>inquam</b>, <i>say I</i>, is chiefly used in quoting a person’s direct words; and, from its meaning, is naturally very defective. The only parts in common use are the following:</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <tr class = "smaller"> <td></td> <th colspan = "2">INDICATIVE MOOD.</th> @@ -16791,7 +16782,7 @@ only parts in common use are the following:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec761" id = "sec761" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec761" href = "#verb_primitive_inquam">761.</a></b> Rare forms are: subjunctive <b>inquiat</b> (Cornif.), indicative imperfect <b>inquiēbat</b> (Cic.), used twice each; indicative present @@ -16801,17 +16792,17 @@ Ter. 2), <b>inquitō</b>, 3 times (Plaut.). For <b>inquam</b>, see <a href = "#sec728">728</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page117" id = "page117"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page117"> 117</a></span> -<p class = "floater second"><b><a name = "sec762" id = +<p class = "floater second"><b><a id = "sec762">762.</a></b></p> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_primitive_eo" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_primitive_eo" href = "#verb_primitive_root_2">(2.) <b>eō</b>, <i>go</i> (<b><em>ī-</em></b><!-- visible as gesperrt to the eye of faith --> for <b><em>ei-</em></b>, <b><em>i-</em></b>)</a></p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <col class = "box"> <col> <col> @@ -16944,7 +16935,7 @@ faith --> for <b><em>ei-</em></b>, <b><em>i-</em></b>)</a></p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec763" id = "sec763" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec763" href = "#verb_primitive_eo">763.</a></b> The passive is only used impersonally, and has a neuter gerundive <b>eundum</b> and participle <b>itum</b>; but transitive compounds, as @@ -16956,7 +16947,7 @@ follows denominatives in <b class = "locked">-īre</b> (<a href = once the future <b>ambībunt</b> (Plin.); future perfect <b>ambīssit</b>, <b>ambīssint</b>, once each (prol. Plaut.).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec764" id = "sec764" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec764" href = "#verb_primitive_eo">764.</a></b> The <b>ī</b> is weakened from <b>ei</b> (<a href = "#sec98">98</a>): as, <b>eis</b>, <b>eit</b>, <b>eite</b>, <b>abeis</b>, <b>abei</b> (Plaut.); @@ -16968,7 +16959,7 @@ The <b>ī</b> is weakened from <b>ei</b> (<a href = "#sec98">98</a>): as, Before <b>o</b>, <b>u</b>, or <b>a</b>, the root becomes <b>e</b>. For <b>u</b> in <b>euntis</b>, see <a href = "#sec902">902</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec765" id = "sec765" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec765" href = "#verb_primitive_eo">765.</a></b> Old forms are: <b>īerō</b> (Plaut.), <b>īī</b>, <b>īerant</b> (Ter.), once each (<a href = "#sec126">126</a>); in an inscription of 186 <span @@ -16980,9 +16971,9 @@ href = "#sec29_2">29, 2</a>; <a href = "#sec132">132</a>); <span class = "smallroman">INTERIEISTI</span>. A future in <b class = "locked">-iet</b>, as <b>trānsiet</b> (Sen.), is late and rare.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page118" id = "page118"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page118"> 118</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec766" id = "sec766" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec766" href = "#verb_primitive_eo">766.</a></b> A double <b>i</b> is found in <b>iissēs</b> and <b>iisset</b> once each (<i>Ciris</i>, Nepos), also sometimes in compounds of these forms: as @@ -16993,7 +16984,7 @@ perfect indicative: as, <b>abiisse</b>, <b>abiistī</b>; also in indicative a single long <b>ī</b> is found rarely in late writers in the singular: as, <b>adī</b> (Val. Fl.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec767" id = "sec767" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec767" href = "#verb_primitive_eo">767.</a></b> A few examples are found of a perfect system with <b>v</b>, as <b>īvī</b>, &c. This form is confined almost exclusively to poetry @@ -17010,11 +17001,11 @@ are: <b>īvisse</b> (Plaut.), <b>īvit</b> (Cato), <b>īvī</b> (Varro), Gell.).</p> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_primitive_queo" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_primitive_queo" href = "#verb_primitive_root_2">(3.) <b>queō</b>, <i>can</i>.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec768" id = "sec768" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec768" href = "#verb_primitive_queo">768.</a></b> <b>queō</b>, <i>can</i>, and <b>nequeō</b>, <i>can’t</i>, have the perfect <b>quīvī</b>, the rest like <b>eō</b> (<a href = @@ -17028,11 +17019,11 @@ and only used with a passive infinitive (<a href = <p class = "header topline2"><b>edō</b>; <b>volō</b> (<b>nōlō</b>, <b>mālō</b>) and <b>ferō</b>.</p> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_primitive_edo" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_primitive_edo" href = "#verb_primitive_root_2">(1.) <b>edō</b>, <i>eat</i> (<b><em>ed-</em></b>, <b><em>ēd-</em></b>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec769" id = "sec769" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec769" href = "#verb_primitive_edo">769.</a></b> <b>edō</b>, <i>eat</i>, has a present system with a formative vowel like <b>regō</b> throughout (<a href = "#sec782">782</a>); but in some parts @@ -17041,7 +17032,7 @@ are usually found, with <b>d</b> of the root changed to <b>s</b>, and the vowel lengthened (<a href = "#sec135">135</a>), as may be seen in the following:</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <col class = "box"> <col> <col> @@ -17110,9 +17101,9 @@ the following:</p> </tbody> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page119" id = "page119"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page119"> 119</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec770" id = "sec770" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec770" href = "#verb_primitive_edo">770.</a></b> For <b>ēs</b>, see <a href = "#sec728">728</a>; for <b>edim</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec841">841</a>. In the passive, the indicative @@ -17121,7 +17112,7 @@ The perfect participle <b>ēsus</b> is for an older <b>ēssus</b> (<a href = "#sec170">170, 7</a>). Supines <b>ēssum</b>, <b>ēssū</b> (Plaut.).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec771" id = "sec771" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec771" href = "#verb_primitive_edo">771.</a></b> <b>comedō</b>, <i>eat up</i>, has also the following root forms: <b>comēs</b>, <b>comēst</b>, <b>comēstis</b>; <b>comēstō</b>; @@ -17133,7 +17124,7 @@ present subjunctive has also <b>comedim</b>, <b>comedīs</b>, subjunctive <b>exedint</b>. <b>adedō</b>, <i>eat at</i>, has <b>adēst</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec772" id = "sec772" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec772" href = "#verb_primitive_edo">772.</a></b> <b>volō</b> (<b>nōlō</b>, <b>mālō</b>) and <b>ferō</b> have the bare root in some parts only of the present system; in other parts the root @@ -17142,15 +17133,15 @@ extended by a formative vowel, like <b>regō</b> (<a href = forms, as will be seen below.</p> -<p class = "floater second"><b><a name = "sec773" id = +<p class = "floater second"><b><a id = "sec773">773.</a></b></p> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_primitive_volo" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_primitive_volo" href = "#verb_primitive_root_2">(2.) <b>volō</b>, <i>will</i>, <i>wish</i>, <i>want</i>, <i>am willing</i> (<b><em>vol-</em></b>, <b><em>vel-</em></b>).</a></p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <col class = "box"> <col> <col> @@ -17248,7 +17239,7 @@ title = ", missing"><b>velīmus</b>,</ins> <b>velītis</b>, <b>velint</b></p></t </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec774" id = "sec774" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec774" href = "#verb_primitive_volo">774.</a></b> <b>volo</b> for <b>volō</b> is rare (<a href = "#sec2443">2443</a>). <b>volt</b> and <b>voltis</b> became <b>vult</b> and <b>vultis</b> about @@ -17260,9 +17251,9 @@ for <b>sī vīs</b> <ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for .,">(Plaut.,</ins> Ter., Cic., Liv.). <b>sultis</b>, <i>an ‘t please you</i>, is used by Plautus for <b>sī voltis</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page120" id = "page120"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page120"> 120</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec775" id = "sec775" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec775" href = "#verb_primitive_volo">775.</a></b> <b>nōlō</b>, <i>won’t</i>, is formed from <b>ne-</b>, <i>not</i>, and <b>volō</b>, juxtaposed, and <b>mālō</b>, <i>like better</i>, @@ -17270,12 +17261,12 @@ abbreviated from <b>māvolō</b> for <ins class = "correction" title = "text unchanged: error for magsvolō?"><b>*magsvolo</b></ins> (<a href = "#sec779">779</a>, <a href = "#sec170_2">170, 2</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec776" id = "sec776" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec776" href = "#verb_primitive_volo">776.</a></b> <b>nōlō</b>, <i>won’t</i>, <i>don’t want</i>, <i>object</i>, <i>am not willing</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <col class = "box"> <col> <col> @@ -17350,7 +17341,7 @@ willing</i>.</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec777" id = "sec777" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec777" href = "#verb_primitive_volo">777.</a></b> <b>nevīs</b> and <b>nevolt</b>, from <b>ne-</b>, <i>not</i>, are found in Plautus. <b>nōlō</b> has usually no participles, but oblique cases of @@ -17359,11 +17350,11 @@ Luc., Quintil., Ta., Juv., Mart., Plin.). The perfect system, <b>nōluī</b>, &c., is like that of <b>volō</b> (<a href = "#sec772">772</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec778" id = "sec778" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec778" href = "#verb_primitive_volo">778.</a></b> <b>mālō</b>, <i>like better</i>, <i>choose rather</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <col class = "box"> <col> <col> @@ -17429,7 +17420,7 @@ Luc., Quintil., Ta., Juv., Mart., Plin.). The perfect system, </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec779" id = "sec779" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec779" href = "#verb_primitive_volo">779.</a></b> Old forms are <b>māvolō</b>, <b>māvolunt</b>; <b>māvolet</b>; <b>māvelim</b>, <b>māvelīs</b>, <b>māvelit</b>; <b>māvellem</b>. The @@ -17437,20 +17428,20 @@ perfect system, <b>māluī</b>, &c., is like that of <b>volō</b> (<a href = "#sec772">772</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page121" id = "page121"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page121"> 121</a></span> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_primitive_fero" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_primitive_fero" href = "#verb_primitive_root_2">(3.) <b>ferō</b>, <i>carry</i> (<b><em>fer-</em></b>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec780" id = "sec780" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec780" href = "#verb_primitive_fero">780.</a></b> <b>ferō</b>, <i>carry</i>, is used only in the present system (<a href = "#sec720">720</a>). The other parts are supplied by forms of <b>tollō</b>, <i>lift</i> (<b><em>tol-</em></b>, <b><em>tlā-</em></b>). The present system of <b>ferō</b> is as follows:</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <col class = "box"> <col> <col> @@ -17606,7 +17597,7 @@ The present system of <b>ferō</b> is as follows:</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec781" id = "sec781" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec781" href = "#verb_primitive_fero">781.</a></b> For <b>tulī</b>, see <a href = "#sec860">860</a>; the full form <b>tetulī</b>, &c., is found in old Latin, and <span class = @@ -17616,20 +17607,20 @@ For <b>tulī</b>, see <a href = "#sec860">860</a>; the full form "#sec169">169</a>, 1.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page122" id = "page122"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page122"> 122</a></span> -<h6 class = "extended"><a name = "verb_primitive_third" id = +<h6 class = "extended"><a id = "verb_primitive_third" href = "#verb_primitive">(B.) VERBS IN <b>-ere</b>.</a></h6> <p class = "center"><i>The Third Conjugation.</i></p> -<p class = "floater second"><b><a name = "sec782" id = "sec782" href = +<p class = "floater second"><b><a id = "sec782" href = "#verb_primitive_third">782.</a></b></p> <p class = "center second"><b>regō</b>, <i>rule</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan = "4">PRINCIPAL PARTS.</th> @@ -17773,7 +17764,7 @@ ruled</i></p></td> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <th colspan = "4"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page123" id = "page123"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page123"> 123</a></span> SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</th> </tr> @@ -17911,18 +17902,18 @@ used</p></td> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page124" id = "page124"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page124"> 124</a></span> <h6><a href = "#verb_primitive_third">VERBS IN <b>-ere</b>.</a></h6> <p class = "center"><i>The Third Conjugation.</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec783" id = "sec783" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec783" href = "#verb_primitive_third">783.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third"><b>regor</b>, <i>am ruled</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan = "2">PASSIVE VOICE.</th> @@ -18028,7 +18019,7 @@ used</p></td> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <th colspan = "2"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page125" id = "page125"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page125"> 125</a></span> SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</th> </tr> @@ -18133,19 +18124,19 @@ ruled</i>,<br>not used (<a href = "#sec2273">2273</a>)</p></td> </tbody> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page126" id = "page126"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page126"> 126</a></span> -<h6><a name = "verb_primitive_io" id = "verb_primitive_io" href = +<h6><a id = "verb_primitive_io" href = "#verb_primitive_third">VERBS IN <b>-iō</b>, <b class = "locked">-ere</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec784" id = "sec784" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec784" href = "#verb_primitive_io">784.</a></b> Verbs in <b>-iō</b>, <b>-ere</b>, as <b>capiō</b>, <b>capere</b>, <i>take</i> (<b><em>cap-</em></b>), drop an <b>i</b> in some forms of the present and imperfect. The present system is as follows:</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <tbody> <tr> <td></td> @@ -18295,9 +18286,9 @@ title = "text unchanged: error for ‘capī’?">capi</ins></b></td> </tbody> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page127" id = "page127"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page127"> 127</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec785" id = "sec785" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec785" href = "#verb_primitive_io">785.</a></b> There are a dozen verbs in <ins class = "correction" title = "text unchanged: error for ‘-iō’?"><b>-īō</b></ins>, <b>-ere</b>, like @@ -18311,12 +18302,12 @@ arising from the blending of the root with the suffix.</p> <p class = "center">(1.) <b>aiō</b>, <i>say</i>, <i>say ay</i>, <i>avouch</i> (<b><em>ag-</em></b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec786" id = "sec786" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec786" href = "#verb_primitive_io">786.</a></b> <b>aiō</b>, <i>say</i>, is defective, and has only these parts in common use:</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <tr class = "smaller"> <td></td> <td class = "center">Singular.</td> @@ -18342,7 +18333,7 @@ title = "text unchanged: error for ‘aiat’?"><b>aiāt</b></ins></p></td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec787" id = "sec787" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec787" href = "#verb_primitive_io">787.</a></b> For <b>aiō</b>, sometimes written <b>aiiō</b> (<a href = "#sec23">23</a>), see <a href = "#sec153_2">153, 2</a>. Old forms are: @@ -18357,7 +18348,7 @@ once (Cic.).</p> <p class = "center">(2.) <b>fīō</b>, <i>become</i>, <i>am made</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec788" id = "sec788" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec788" href = "#verb_primitive_io">788.</a></b> <b>fīō</b>, <i>become</i>, and <b>factus sum</b> supplement each other: in the present system, the passive of <b>faciō</b>, <i>make</i>, except @@ -18365,7 +18356,7 @@ the gerundive, <b>faciendus</b>, is not used, <b>fīō</b>, &c., taking its place; in the perfect system, only <b>factus sum</b>, &c., is used.</p> -<table class = "conjugation shorter"> +<table style=";"> <tr class = "smaller"> <td></td> <td class = "center">Singular.</td> @@ -18409,7 +18400,7 @@ taking its place; in the perfect system, only <b>factus sum</b>, </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec789" id = "sec789" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec789" href = "#verb_primitive_io">789.</a></b> In <b>fīō</b>, &c., <b>ī</b> represents an older <b>ei</b>, seen in <span class = "smallroman">FEIENT</span> (inscr. 45 <span class = @@ -18420,7 +18411,7 @@ twice (Enn., Laev.). The vowel before <b class = "locked">-er-</b> in dramatists, where a cretic (- ⏑ -) is required, but otherwise always short.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec790" id = "sec790" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec790" href = "#verb_primitive_io">790.</a></b> <b>-fīō</b> is used in apparent compounds (<a href = "#sec394">394</a>): as, <b>patē̆fit</b>. In real compounds commonly <b class = @@ -18431,7 +18422,7 @@ as, <b>patē̆fit</b>. In real compounds commonly <b class = <b>effīant</b>, <b>ecfīerī</b>; <b>īnfit</b>; <b>interfīat</b>, <b>interfīerī</b>; <b>superfit</b>, <b>superfīat</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec791" id = "sec791" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec791" href = "#verb_primitive_io">791.</a></b> Some verbs in <b>-iō</b>, <b>-ere</b> (or <b>-ior</b>, <b>-ī</b>), have occasionally the form of verbs in <b class = "locked">-īre</b> @@ -18455,23 +18446,23 @@ title = "text has .). for .),">Lucr.),</ins> <b>orīrētur</b> (Cic., Nep., Sall <b>potītur</b> (Lucil., Ov.), &c., &c.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page128" id = "page128"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page128"> 128</a></span> -<h5><a name = "verb_denominative" id = "verb_denominative" href = +<h5><a id = "verb_denominative" href = "#inflection_verb">II. Denominative Verbs.</a></h5> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_denom_first" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_denom_first" href = "#verb_denominative">(1.) VERBS IN <b>-āre</b>.</a></p> <p class = "center"><i>The First Conjugation.</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec792" id = "sec792" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec792" href = "#verb_denom_first">792.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third"><b>laudō</b>, <i>praise</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan = "4">PRINCIPAL PARTS.</th> @@ -18619,7 +18610,7 @@ praised</i></p></td> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <th colspan = "4"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page129" id = "page129"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page129"> 129</a></span> SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</th> </tr> @@ -18767,18 +18758,18 @@ not used</p></td> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page130" id = "page130"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page130"> 130</a></span> <h6><a href = "#verb_denom_first">VERBS IN <b>-āre</b>.</a></h6> <p class = "center"><i>The First Conjugation.</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec793" id = "sec793" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec793" href = "#verb_denom_first">793.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third"><b>laudor</b>, <i>am praised</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan = "2">PASSIVE VOICE.</th> @@ -18892,7 +18883,7 @@ praised</i></p></td> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <th colspan = "2"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page131" id = "page131"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page131"> 131</a></span> SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</th> </tr> @@ -19005,20 +18996,20 @@ praised</i>,<br>not used (<a href = "#sec2273">2273</a>)</p></td> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page132" id = "page132"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page132"> 132</a></span> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_denom_second" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_denom_second" href = "#verb_denominative">(2.) VERBS IN <b>-ēre</b>.</a></p> <p class = "center"><i>The Second Conjugation.</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec794" id = "sec794" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec794" href = "#verb_denom_second">794.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third"><b>moneō</b>, <i>advise</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan = "4">PRINCIPAL PARTS.</th> @@ -19164,7 +19155,7 @@ advised</i></p></td> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <th colspan = "4"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page133" id = "page133"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page133"> 133</a></span> SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</th> </tr> @@ -19309,18 +19300,18 @@ advising</i></p></td> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page134" id = "page134"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page134"> 134</a></span> <h6><a href = "#verb_denom_second">VERBS IN <b>-ēre</b>.</a></h6> <p class = "center"><i>The Second Conjugation.</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec795" id = "sec795" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec795" href = "#verb_denom_second">795.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third"><b>moneor</b>, <i>am advised</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan = "2">PASSIVE VOICE.</th> @@ -19433,7 +19424,7 @@ advised</i></p></td> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <th colspan = "2"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page135" id = "page135"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page135"> 135</a></span> SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</th> </tr> @@ -19546,20 +19537,20 @@ advised</i>,<br>not used (<a href = "#sec2273">2273</a>)</p></td> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page136" id = "page136"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page136"> 136</a></span> -<p class = "header size5"><a name = "verb_denom_fourth" id = +<p class = "header size5"><a id = "verb_denom_fourth" href = "#verb_denominative">(3.) VERBS IN <b>-īre</b>.</a></p> <p class = "center"><i>The Fourth Conjugation.</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec796" id = "sec796" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec796" href = "#verb_denom_fourth">796.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third"><b>audiō</b>, <i>hear</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan = "4">PRINCIPAL PARTS.</th> @@ -19704,7 +19695,7 @@ heard</i></p></td> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <th colspan = "4"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page137" id = "page137"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page137"> 137</a></span> SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</th> </tr> @@ -19848,18 +19839,18 @@ hearing</i></p></td> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page138" id = "page138"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page138"> 138</a></span> <h6><a href = "#verb_denom_fourth">VERBS IN <b>-īre</b>.</a></h6> <p class = "center"><i>The Fourth Conjugation.</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec797" id = "sec797" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec797" href = "#verb_denom_fourth">797.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third"><b>audior</b>, <i>am heard</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan = "2">PASSIVE VOICE.</th> @@ -19971,7 +19962,7 @@ heard</i></p></td> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <th colspan = "2"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page139" id = "page139"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page139"> 139</a></span> SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</th> </tr> @@ -20080,12 +20071,12 @@ be heard</i></p></td> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page140" id = "page140"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page140"> 140</a></span> -<h5 class = "extended"><a name = "verb_deponent" id = "verb_deponent" +<h5 class = "extended"><a id = "verb_deponent" href = "#inflection_verb">THE DEPONENT VERB.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec798" id = "sec798" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec798" href = "#verb_deponent">798.</a></b> Deponents, that is, verbs with passive person endings and a reflexive or an active meaning (<a href = "#sec725">725</a>), have these active noun @@ -20093,7 +20084,7 @@ forms: participles, the future infinitive, the gerund, and the supines. The perfect participle is usually active, but sometimes passive; the gerundive always passive. The following is a synopsis of deponents:</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan = "5">PRINCIPAL PARTS.</th> @@ -20303,9 +20294,9 @@ gerundive always passive. The following is a synopsis of deponents:</p> </tbody> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page141" id = "page141"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page141"> 141</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec799" id = "sec799" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec799" href = "#verb_deponent">799.</a></b> Three deponents in <b>-ior</b>, <b>-ī</b>, <b>gradior</b>, <i>walk</i>, <b>morior</b>, <i>die</i>, and <b>patior</b>, <i>suffer</i>, and their @@ -20319,14 +20310,14 @@ master of</i>, <b>potīrī</b>, <b>potītus</b>, see <a href = <b class = "locked">-ārī</b>, like <b>mīror</b>, <b>mīrārī</b> (<a href = "#sec368">368</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec800" id = "sec800" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec800" href = "#verb_deponent">800.</a></b> Some verbs waver between active and passive person endings: as, <b>adsentiō</b>, <i>agree</i>, <b>adsentīre</b>, and <b>adsentior</b>, <b>adsentīrī</b>; <b>populō</b>, <i>ravage</i>, <b>populāre</b>, and <b>populor</b>, <b>populārī</b>: see <a href = "#sec1481">1481</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec801" id = "sec801" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec801" href = "#verb_deponent">801.</a></b> A few verbs are deponent in the present system only: as, <b>dēvortor</b>, <i>turn in</i>, perfect <b>dēvortī</b>; @@ -20342,11 +20333,11 @@ perfect system: see <a href = "#sec815">815</a>, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>.</p> -<h5 class = "extended topline2"><a name = "verb_periphrastic" id = +<h5 class = "extended topline2"><a id = "verb_periphrastic" href = "#inflection_verb">PERIPHRASTIC FORMS.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec802" id = "sec802" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec802" href = "#verb_periphrastic">802.</a></b> (1.) The future active participle with a form of <b>sum</b> is used to denote an intended or future action: as,</p> @@ -20354,7 +20345,7 @@ denote an intended or future action: as,</p> <p class = "center fourth"><b>rēctūrus sum</b>, <i>I am going to rule</i>, <i>intend to rule</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <td></td> @@ -20435,15 +20426,15 @@ rule</i>, <i>intend to rule</i>.</p> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec803" id = "sec803" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec803" href = "#verb_periphrastic">803.</a></b> A future perfect is hardly ever used: as, <b>fuerit victūrus</b> (Sen.). In the imperfect subjunctive, <b>forem</b>, <b>forēs</b>, <b>foret</b>, and <b>forent</b> are sometimes used (Nep., Sall., Liv., Vell.).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page142" id = "page142"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page142"> 142</a></span> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec804" id = "sec804" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec804" href = "#verb_periphrastic">804.</a></b> (2.) The gerundive with a form of <b>sum</b> is used to denote action which requires to be done: as,</p> @@ -20451,7 +20442,7 @@ which requires to be done: as,</p> <p class = "center fourth"><b>regendus sum</b>, <i>I am to be ruled</i>, <i>must be ruled</i>.</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <td></td> @@ -20534,10 +20525,10 @@ which requires to be done: as,</p> </table> -<h5 class = "extended topline2"><a name = "verb_defective" id = +<h5 class = "extended topline2"><a id = "verb_defective" href = "#inflection_verb">DEFECTIVE VERBS.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec805" id = "sec805" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec805" href = "#verb_defective">805.</a></b> (1.) Some verbs have only a few forms: as,</p> @@ -20549,17 +20540,17 @@ lift up one’s voice</i>, <b>havē̆</b> or <b>avē̆</b> and <b>salvē</b>, <i>all hail</i>, <b>ovat</b>, <i>triumphs</i>, and <b>quaesō</b>, <i>prithee</i>, in the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec806" id = "sec806" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec806" href = "#verb_defective">806.</a></b> (2.) Many verbs have only the present system; such are:</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec807" id = "sec807" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec807" href = "#verb_defective">807.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i> (<a href = "#sec745">745</a>); <b>ferō</b>, <i>carry</i> (<a href = "#sec780">780</a>); <b>fīō</b>, <i>grow</i>, <i>become</i> (<a href = "#sec788">788</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec808" id = "sec808" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec808" href = "#verb_defective">808.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) Some verbs in <b>-ere</b>: <b>angō</b>, <i>throttle</i>, <b>bītō</b>, <i>go</i>, <b>clangō</b>, <i>sound</i>, <b>claudō</b> or @@ -20570,7 +20561,7 @@ lift up one’s voice</i>, <b>havē̆</b> or <b>avē̆</b> and <b>salvē</b>, "#sec834">834</a>): as, <b>dītēscō</b>, <i>get rich</i>, <b>dulcēscō</b>, <i>get sweet</i>, &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec809" id = "sec809" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec809" href = "#verb_defective">809.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) Some verbs in <b>-ēre</b>: <b>albeō</b>, <i>am white</i>, <b>aveō</b>, <i>long</i>, <b>calveō</b>, <i>am bald</i>, <b>cāneō</b>, @@ -20581,22 +20572,22 @@ lift up one’s voice</i>, <b>havē̆</b> or <b>avē̆</b> and <b>salvē</b>, <b>polleō</b>, <i>am strong</i>, <b>renīdeō</b>, <i>am radiant</i>, <b>squāleō</b>, <i>am scaly</i>, <b>ūmeō</b>, <i>am wet</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec810" id = "sec810" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec810" href = "#verb_defective">810.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) Some verbs in <b>-īre</b>: <b>balbūtiō</b>, <i>sputter</i>, <b>feriō</b>, <i>strike</i>, <b>ganniō</b>, <i>yelp</i>, <b>ineptiō</b>, <i>am a fool</i>, <b>superbiō</b>, <i>am stuck up</i>, <b>tussiō</b>, <i>cough</i>. Also most desideratives (<a href = "#sec375">375</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page143" id = "page143"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page143"> 143</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec811" id = "sec811" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec811" href = "#verb_defective">811.</a></b> Many verbs are not attended by a perfect participle, and lack in consequence the perfect passive system, or, if deponent, the perfect active system.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec812" id = "sec812" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec812" href = "#verb_defective">812.</a></b> (3.) Some verbs have only the perfect system: so particularly <b>coepī</b>, <i>have begun</i>, <i>began</i> (<a href = @@ -20604,7 +20595,7 @@ active system.</p> to hate</i>, <i>hate</i>; and <b>meminī</b>, <i>have called to mind</i>, <i>remember</i>. The following is a synopsis of these three verbs:</p> -<table class = "conjugation"> +<table style=";"> <tbody> <tr class = "smaller"> <td></td> @@ -20702,7 +20693,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘ōdi’">ōdī</ins></b></p></td> </tbody> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec813" id = "sec813" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec813" href = "#verb_defective">813.</a></b> A few forms of the present system of <b>coepī</b> occur in old writers: as, <b>coepiō</b> (Plaut.), <b>coepiam</b> (Caec., Cato), <b>coepiat</b> @@ -20713,7 +20704,7 @@ Gracch., Gell.), <b>exōsus sum</b> (Verg., Sen., Curt., Gell.), and deponents. <b>meminī</b> is the only verb which has a perfect imperative active. <b>ōdī</b> and <b>meminī</b> have no passive.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec814" id = "sec814" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec814" href = "#verb_defective">814.</a></b> <b>coeptūrus</b> is rather rare and late (Liv. 2, Plin., Suet.), once as future infinitive (Quint.); and <b>ōsūrus</b> is very rare (Cic., @@ -20721,12 +20712,12 @@ Gell.). <b>exōsus</b> and <b>perōsus</b>, as active participles, <i>hating bitterly</i>, are not uncommon in writers of the empire; the simple <b>ōsus</b> is not used as a participle.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec815" id = "sec815" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec815" href = "#verb_defective">815.</a></b> (4.) Impersonal verbs have usually only the third person singular, and the infinitive present and perfect: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec815a" id = "sec815a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec815a">a.</a></i>) <b>pluit</b>, <i>it rains</i>, <b>tonat</b>, <i>it thunders</i>, and other verbs denoting the operations of nature. (<i>b.</i>) Also a few verbs in <b class = "locked">-ēre</b> denoting feeling: as, @@ -20737,9 +20728,9 @@ repents</i>, <b>paenituit</b>; <b>piget</b>, <i>it grieves</i>, <b>puduit</b> or <b>puditum est</b>; <b>taedet</b>, <i>it is a bore</i>, <b>taesum est</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page144" id = "page144"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page144"> 144</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec816" id = "sec816" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec816" href = "#verb_defective">816.</a></b> Some other verbs, less correctly called impersonal, with an infinitive or a sentence as subject, are likewise defective: as,</p> @@ -20754,7 +20745,7 @@ person singular passive, as <b>pugnātur</b>, <i>there is fighting</i>, <b>pugnandum est</b>, <i>there must be fighting</i>, see <a href = "#sec724">724</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec817" id = "sec817" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec817" href = "#verb_defective">817.</a></b> Of the impersonals in <b>-ēre</b>, some have other forms besides the third person singular and the infinitives: as,</p> @@ -20770,14 +20761,14 @@ allowed</i> (inscrr. 133-111 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>), gerunds <b>pudendum</b>, <b>pudendō</b>, <b>pigendum</b>.</p> -<h5 class = "extended"><a name = "verb_redundant" id = "verb_redundant" +<h5 class = "extended"><a id = "verb_redundant" href = "#inflection_verb">REDUNDANT VERBS.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec818" id = "sec818" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec818" href = "#verb_redundant">818.</a></b> (1.) Some verbs have more than one form of the present stem: thus,</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec819" id = "sec819" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec819" href = "#verb_redundant">819.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) Verbs in <b>-ere</b> have rarely forms of verbs in <b>-ēre</b> in the present system: as, <b>abnueō</b>, <i>nod no</i>, @@ -20789,7 +20780,7 @@ forms of verbs in <b class = "locked">-īre</b> (or <b class = "locked">-īrī</b>), see <a href = "#sec791">791</a>. Once <b>pīnsībant</b> (Enn.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec820" id = "sec820" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec820" href = "#verb_redundant">820.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) Some verbs in <b>-āre</b> have occasionally a present stem like verbs in <b class = "locked">-ere</b>: as, <b>lavis</b>, @@ -20799,7 +20790,7 @@ like verbs in <b class = "locked">-ere</b>: as, <b>lavis</b>, class = "locked">-ēre</b>: as, <i>dēnseō</i>, <i>thicken</i>, <i>dēnsērī</i>, for <i>dēnsō</i>, <b>dēnsārī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec821" id = "sec821" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec821" href = "#verb_redundant">821.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) Some verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have occasionally a present stem like verbs in <b class = "locked">-ere</b>: as, <b>fervit</b>, @@ -20810,7 +20801,7 @@ going</i>, sometimes has a present stem in <b class = "locked">-īre</b>, particularly in compounds: as, <b>cīmus</b>, <b>ciunt</b>, for <b>ciēmus</b>, <b>cient</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec822" id = "sec822" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec822" href = "#verb_redundant">822.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) Some verbs in <b>-īre</b> have occasionally a present stem like verbs in <b class = "locked">-ere</b>: as, <b>ēvenunt</b>, <i>turn @@ -20818,7 +20809,7 @@ out</i>, for <b>ēveniunt</b>; <b>ēvenat</b>, <b>ēvenant</b>, for <b>ēveniat</b>, <b>ēveniant</b>, and <b>advenat</b>, <b>pervenat</b>, for <b>adveniat</b>, <b>perveniat</b> (Plaut.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec823" id = "sec823" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec823" href = "#verb_redundant">823.</a></b> (2.) Some verbs have more than one form of the perfect stem: as,</p> @@ -20840,23 +20831,23 @@ up</i>, <b>lēgī</b>, <b>dīlēxī</b>, <b>intellēxī</b>, <b>neglēxī</b>; <b>sūmpsī</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page145" id = "page145"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page145"> 145</a></span> -<h5><a name = "verb_formation" id = "verb_formation" href = +<h5><a id = "verb_formation" href = "#inflection_verb">FORMATION OF STEMS.</a></h5> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "verb_formation_variable" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "verb_formation_variable" href = "#verb_formation">VARIABLE VOWEL.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec824" id = "sec824" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec824" href = "#verb_formation_variable">824.</a></b> The final vowel of a tense stem is said to be <i>variable</i> when it is <b class = "locked">-o-</b> in some of the forms, and <b class = "locked">-u-</b>, <b class = "locked">-e-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-i-</b> in others.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec825" id = "sec825" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec825" href = "#verb_formation_variable">825.</a></b> The sign for the variable vowel is <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>: thus, <b>reg<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>, which may be read @@ -20864,7 +20855,7 @@ thus, <b>reg<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>, which may be read <b>rege-</b> or <b>regi-</b>, as seen in <b>rego-r</b> or <b>regu-nt</b>, <b>rege-re</b> or <b>regi-t</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec826" id = "sec826" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec826" href = "#verb_formation_variable">826.</a></b> The variable vowel occurs in the present of verbs in <b>-ere</b>, except in the subjunctive, in the future in <b class = "locked">-bō</b> or <b @@ -20874,7 +20865,7 @@ as, <b>regō</b>, <b>laudābō</b>, <b>laudāverō</b>; and poets rarely lengthen <b>i</b> in the second and third person singular of the present. For the future perfect, see <a href = "#sec882">882</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec827" id = "sec827" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec827" href = "#verb_formation_variable">827.</a></b> In old Latin, the stem vowel of the third person plural of the present was <b>o</b>: as, <span class = "smallroman">COSENTIONT</span>; <b>o</b> @@ -20884,11 +20875,11 @@ was long retained after <b>v</b>, <b>u</b>, or <b>qu</b> (<a href = <b>c</b>: as, <b>secuntur</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "verb_formation_present" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "verb_formation_present" href = "#verb_formation">I. THE PRESENT SYSTEM.</a></h6> -<p class = "header extended"><a name = "verb_formation_pres_indic" id = +<p class = "header extended"><a id = "verb_formation_pres_indic" href = "#verb_formation_present">PRESENT INDICATIVE STEM.</a></p> @@ -20896,7 +20887,7 @@ INDICATIVE STEM.</a></p> <p class = "header">(A.) ROOT VERBS.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec828" id = "sec828" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec828" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">828.</a></b> A root without addition is used as the present stem, in the present tense or parts of the present tense, in root verbs (<a href = @@ -20912,14 +20903,14 @@ href = "#sec189">189</a>): <b>bibi-t</b>, <i>drinks</i>; <b>seri-t</b>, <p class = "header">(B.) VERBS IN <b>-ere</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec829" id = "sec829" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec829" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">829.</a></b> (1.) The present stem of many verbs in <b>-ere</b> is formed by adding a variable vowel <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>, which appears in the first person singular active as <b class = "locked">-ō</b>, to a root ending in a consonant or in two consonants: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Present Stem.</th> <th>Verb.</th> @@ -20937,7 +20928,7 @@ ending in a consonant or in two consonants: as,</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page146" id = "page146"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page146"> 146</a></span> <p class = "fourth">Other examples are: <b>tegō</b>, <i>cover</i>, <b>petō</b>, <i>make for</i>; <b>mergō</b>, <i>dip</i>, <b>serpō</b>, @@ -20956,7 +20947,7 @@ reduplication, and <b>sīdō</b>, <i>settle</i>, <i>light</i> (<b><em>sed-</em></b>, <b><em>sd-</em></b>), is also the result of an ancient reduplication (<a href = "#sec189">189</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec830" id = "sec830" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec830" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">830.</a></b> In some present stems an original consonant has been modified: as, <b>gerō</b>, <i>carry</i> (<b><em>ges-</em></b>), <b>ūrō</b>, @@ -20965,7 +20956,7 @@ In some present stems an original consonant has been modified: as, "#sec152">152</a>); or has disappeared: as, <b>fluō</b>, <i>flow</i> (<b><em>flū</em>gu-</b>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec831" id = "sec831" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec831" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">831.</a></b> Some roots in a mute have a nasal before the mute in the present stem: as, <b>frangō</b>, <i>break</i> (<b><em>frag-</em></b>). Other examples @@ -20977,7 +20968,7 @@ are: <b>iungō</b>, <i>join</i>, <b>linquō</b>, <i>leave</i>, nasal sometimes runs over into the perfect or perfect participle, or both.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec832" id = "sec832" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec832" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">832.</a></b> (2.) The present stem of many verbs in <b>-ere</b> is formed by adding a suffix ending in a variable vowel <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>, @@ -20986,7 +20977,7 @@ which appears in the first person singular active as <b class = = "locked">-scō</b>, <b class = "locked">-tō</b>, <b class = "locked">-iō</b>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Present Stem.</th> <th>Verb.</th> @@ -21014,7 +21005,7 @@ which appears in the first person singular active as <b class = </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec833" id = "sec833" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec833" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">833.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) <b>-nō</b> is added to roots in a vowel, or in a continuous sound, <b class = "locked">-m-</b>, <b class = "locked">-r-</b>, or <b @@ -21033,7 +21024,7 @@ the perfect (<a href = "#sec855">855</a>): as, <b>vellī</b>, <i>sneeze</i>, have a longer suffix <b class = "locked">-nu<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec834" id = "sec834" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec834" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">834.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) <b>-scō</b>, usually meaning ‘<i>begin to</i>,’ forms presents called <i>Inceptives</i> or <i>Inchoatives</i>.</p> @@ -21055,7 +21046,7 @@ ripe</i>. Many inceptives are used only in composition: as, <b>extimēscō</b>, <i>get scared</i>, <b>obdormīscō</b>, <i>drop asleep</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec835" id = "sec835" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec835" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">835.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) <b>-tō</b> occurs in the following presents from guttural roots: <b>flectō</b>, <i>turn</i>, <b>nectō</b>, <i>string</i>, <ins @@ -21066,9 +21057,9 @@ class = "correction" title = ", missing"><b>pectō</b>,</ins> on</i> (<a href = "#sec153">153</a>). From vowel roots: <b>bētō</b> or <b>bītō</b>, <i>go</i>, and <b>metō</b>, <i>mow</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page147" id = "page147"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page147"> 147</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec836" id = "sec836" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec836" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">836.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) <b>-iō</b> is usually added to consonant roots with a short vowel; the following have presents formed by this suffix:</p> @@ -21087,7 +21078,7 @@ verbs in <b class = "locked">-īre</b> (or <b class = <a href = "#sec786">786</a>; for <b>fīō</b>, <a href = "#sec788">788</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec837" id = "sec837" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec837" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">837.</a></b> A few present stems are formed by adding a variable vowel <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>, for an older <b class = @@ -21105,7 +21096,7 @@ like that of denominatives: as, <b>stō</b>, <i>stand</i>, <b>stā-s</b>, <b>scī-s</b>, <b>sci-t</b>, <b>scī-mus</b>, <b>scī-tis</b>, <b>sciu-nt</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec838" id = "sec838" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec838" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">838.</a></b> Most present stems formed by adding the suffix <b>-iō</b> to a root ending in <b class = "locked">-l-</b>, <b class = "locked">-r-</b>, or @@ -21119,14 +21110,14 @@ ending in <b class = "locked">-l-</b>, <b class = "locked">-r-</b>, or <p class = "header smallcaps">II. Denominatives.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec839" id = "sec839" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec839" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">839.</a></b> The present stem of denominatives is formed by attaching a variable vowel <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>, for an older <b class = "locked">-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>, to a theme consisting of a noun stem: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Uncontracted Present Stem.</th> <th>Verb.</th> @@ -21159,7 +21150,7 @@ forming the theme: thus, <b>laud-</b> becomes <b>laudā-</b> in <b>laudō</b> for <b>*laudā-ō</b>, and <b>flōr-</b> becomes <b>flōre-</b> in <b>flōre-ō</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec840" id = "sec840" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec840" href = "#verb_formation_pres_indic">840.</a></b> In many of the forms, the final vowel of the theme is contracted with the variable vowel: as,</p> @@ -21180,11 +21171,11 @@ forms of verbs in <b class = "locked">-ere</b> (<a href = "#sec367">367</a>).</p> -<p class = "header size8 topline2"><a name = "verb_formation_pres_subj" +<p class = "header size8 topline2"><a id = "verb_formation_pres_subj" href = "#verb_formation_present">PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec841" id = "sec841" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec841" href = "#verb_formation_pres_subj">841.</a></b> The suffix of the present subjunctive of <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, is <b class = "locked">-ī-</b>, which becomes <b class = "locked">-i-</b> @@ -21199,9 +21190,9 @@ third person plural, <b>dui-m</b>, &c. (<a href = class = "locked">-iē-</b> (<b class = "locked">-ie-</b>), in <b>sie-m</b>, <b>siē-s</b>, <b>sie-t</b>, and <b>sie-nt</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page148" id = "page148"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page148"> 148</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec842" id = "sec842" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec842" href = "#verb_formation_pres_subj">842.</a></b> (1.) The present subjunctive stem of verbs in <b>-ere</b>, <b>-ēre</b>, and <b class = "locked">-īre</b>, ends in <b class = "locked">-ā-</b>, @@ -21216,7 +21207,7 @@ suffix replaces the variable vowel of the indicative: as,</p> the old <b>fua-m</b> (<a href = "#sec750">750</a>), also have the formative subjunctive vowel.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec843" id = "sec843" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec843" href = "#verb_formation_pres_subj">843.</a></b> (2.) The present subjunctive stem of verbs in <b>-āre</b> ends in <b class = "locked">-ē-</b>, which becomes <b class = "locked">-e-</b> in @@ -21227,11 +21218,11 @@ some of the persons: as,</p> <i>give</i>, also has <b>de-m</b>, <b>dē-s</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_pres_impv" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_pres_impv" href = "#verb_formation_present">IMPERATIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec844" id = "sec844" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec844" href = "#verb_formation_pres_impv">844.</a></b> Root verbs have a root as imperative stem (<a href = "#sec745">745-780</a>): as, <b>es</b>, &c., <b>fer</b>, &c. But @@ -21239,7 +21230,7 @@ the imperative of <b>nōlō</b> has a stem in <b class = "locked">-ī-</b>, like verbs in <b class = "locked">-īre</b>: thus, <b>nōlī</b>, <b>nōlī-tō</b>, <b>nōlī-te</b>, <b>nōlī-tōte</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec845" id = "sec845" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec845" href = "#verb_formation_pres_impv">845.</a></b> The imperative stem of verbs in <b>-ere</b>, and of verbs in <b class = "locked">-āre</b>, <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>, and <b class = @@ -21250,7 +21241,7 @@ The imperative stem of verbs in <b>-ere</b>, and of verbs in <b class = <b>fī</b>; <b>laudā</b>, &c.; <b>monē</b>, &c.; <b>audī</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec846" id = "sec846" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec846" href = "#verb_formation_pres_impv">846.</a></b> The second person singular imperative active of <b>dīcō</b>, <b>dūcō</b>, and <b>faciō</b>, is usually <b>dīc</b>, <b>dūc</b>, and @@ -21261,11 +21252,11 @@ may have the short form: as, <b>ēdūc</b>. <b>ingerō</b> has once <b>scī-tō</b>, plural <b>scī-tōte</b>, rarely <b>scī-te</b>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_impf_indic" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_impf_indic" href = "#verb_formation_present">IMPERFECT INDICATIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec847" id = "sec847" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec847" href = "#verb_formation_impf_indic">847.</a></b> The imperfect indicative stem ends in <b>-bā-</b>, which becomes <b class = "locked">-ba-</b> in some of the persons: as,</p> @@ -21286,7 +21277,7 @@ verbs in <b class = "locked">-īre</b> sometimes have <b class = &c.): as, <b>audība-t</b>. <b>āiō</b>, <i>say</i>, has sometimes <b>a͡iba-m</b>, &c. (<a href = "#sec787">787</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec848" id = "sec848" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec848" href = "#verb_formation_impf_indic">848.</a></b> The suffix of the imperfect indicative of <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, is <b class = "locked">-ā-</b>, which becomes <b class = "locked">-a-</b> @@ -21299,16 +21290,16 @@ becomes <b>r</b> between the vowels (<a href = "#sec154">154</a>): <b>erā-tis</b>, <b>era-nt</b>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_impf_subj" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_impf_subj" href = "#verb_formation_present">IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec849" id = "sec849" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec849" href = "#verb_formation_impf_subj">849.</a></b> The imperfect subjunctive stem ends in <b>-rē-</b>, which becomes <b class = "locked">-re-</b> in some of the persons: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page149" id = "page149"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page149"> 149</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>dare-m</b>, <b>darē-s</b>, <b>dare-t</b>, <b>darē-mus</b>, <b>darē-tis</b>, <b>dare-nt</b>; <b>īre-m</b>, @@ -21321,7 +21312,7 @@ class = "locked">-īre</b>, by one ending in <b class = "locked">-ā-</b>, respectively: as, <b>laudāre-m</b>, <b>monēre-m</b>, <b>audīre-m</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec850" id = "sec850" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec850" href = "#verb_formation_impf_subj">850.</a></b> The suffix of the imperfect subjunctive of <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, is <b class = "locked">-sē-</b>, which becomes <b class = "locked">-se-</b> in @@ -21334,10 +21325,10 @@ some of the persons; <b>esse-m</b>, <b>essē-s</b>, <b>esse-t</b>, title = "text has .)">). </ins></p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_fut" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_fut" href = "#verb_formation_present">FUTURE.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec851" id = "sec851" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec851" href = "#verb_formation_fut">851.</a></b> The future stem of <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, is <b>er<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>: <b>erō</b>, <b>eri-s</b>, @@ -21345,7 +21336,7 @@ The future stem of <b>sum</b>, <i>am</i>, is has <b>dabō</b>, <b>eō</b> has <b>ībō</b>, and <b>queō</b> has <b>quībō</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec852" id = "sec852" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec852" href = "#verb_formation_fut">852.</a></b> (1.) The future stem of verbs in <b>-ere</b> and <b>-īre</b> ends in <b class = "locked">-a-</b> in the first person singular, otherwise in <b @@ -21366,7 +21357,7 @@ Ter.), <b>lēnību-nt</b> (Prop.); rarely verbs in <b class = (Plaut.). For <b>reddibō</b>, instead of the usual <b>reddam</b>, see <a href = "#sec757">757</a>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec853" id = "sec853" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec853" href = "#verb_formation_fut">853.</a></b> (2.) The future stem of verbs in <b>-āre</b> and <b>-ēre</b> ends in <i>-b<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></i>, which is preceded by a form ending @@ -21378,15 +21369,15 @@ respectively: as,</p> <b>monēbō</b>, <b>monēbi-s</b>, &c.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "verb_formation_perfect" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "verb_formation_perfect" href = "#verb_formation">II. THE PERFECT SYSTEM.</a></h6> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "verb_formation_perf_indic" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "verb_formation_perf_indic" href = "#verb_formation_perfect">PERFECT INDICATIVE STEM.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec854" id = "sec854" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec854" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">854.</a></b> There are two kinds of perfect stems: (A.) Some verbs have as perfect stem a root, generally with some modification, but without a suffix (<a @@ -21394,7 +21385,7 @@ href = "#sec858">858-866</a>). (B.) Some perfects are formed with a suffix, <b class = "locked">-s-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-v-</b> or <b class = "locked">-u-</b> (<a href = "#sec867">867-875</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec855" id = "sec855" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec855" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">855.</a></b> Some perfects of primitives are formed not from a root, but from the present stem without the formative vowel, treated as a root: as, @@ -21403,7 +21394,7 @@ present stem without the formative vowel, treated as a root: as, <i>deceived</i> (<a href = "#sec858">858</a>); <b>iūnxī</b>, <i>joined</i> (<a href = "#sec867">867</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec856" id = "sec856" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec856" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">856.</a></b> The first person of the perfect ends in <b>-ī</b>, sometimes written <b>ei</b> (<a href = "#sec29">29, 2</a>). <b class = @@ -21417,9 +21408,9 @@ short <b>i</b>; <b class = "locked">-re</b> is always, and <b class = <b>rēxi-mus</b>, <b>rēxi-stis</b>, <b>rēxē-runt</b> (<b>rēxe-runt</b>), or <b>rēxē-re</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page150" id = "page150"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page150"> 150</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec857" id = "sec857" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec857" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">857.</a></b> Sometimes <b>-t</b> is preceded by long <b>ī</b>: as, <b>iīt</b>, <b>petiīt</b>, <span class = "smallroman">REDIEIT</span> (<a href = @@ -21431,7 +21422,7 @@ analogy to <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>.</p> <p class = "header size7">(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec858" id = "sec858" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec858" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">858.</a></b> (1.) Some verbs in <b>-ere</b> form their perfect stem by prefixing to the root its initial consonant with the following vowel, which, if @@ -21439,7 +21430,7 @@ the root its initial consonant with the following vowel, which, if <i>Reduplicated Perfect</i>, and the first syllable is called the <i>Reduplication</i>: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Perfect Stem.</th> <th>Verb.</th> @@ -21472,7 +21463,7 @@ href = "#sec108a">108, <i>a</i></a>); and a few old forms are quoted from verbs having an <b>o</b> or an <b>u</b> in the root with <b>e</b> in the reduplication: as, <b>memordī</b>, <b>pepugī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec859" id = "sec859" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec859" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">859.</a></b> Four verbs with vowel roots also have a reduplicated perfect stem: <b>dō</b>, <i>give</i>, <i>put</i>, <b>dare</b>, <b>dedī</b>; @@ -21487,7 +21478,7 @@ Also four verbs in <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>: <b>mordeō</b>, <b>stitī</b>, <i>set</i>, and the old <b>scicidī</b>, <i>clove</i>, an <b>s</b> is dropped (<a href = "#sec173">173, 2</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec860" id = "sec860" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec860" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">860.</a></b> In compounds the reduplication is commonly dropped: as,</p> @@ -21505,7 +21496,7 @@ for sale</i>. The reduplication is also lost in the simple verbs <b>tulī</b>, <i>carried</i>, old <b>tetulī</b>, and in <b>scindō</b>, <i>split</i>, <b>scidī</b>, which last is rare as a simple verb.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec861" id = "sec861" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec861" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">861.</a></b> Some compounds with <b>re-</b> drop only the vowel of the reduplication (<a href = "#sec111a">111, <i>a</i></a>): as, <b>reccidī</b>, @@ -21517,13 +21508,13 @@ class = "smallcaps">percellō</span>, <i>knock down</i>, <b>perculī</b>; <b>diffindō</b>, <i>split apart</i>, <b>diffidī</b>; but <b>fidī</b> also occurs a couple of times as a simple verb.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec862" id = "sec862" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec862" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">862.</a></b> (2.) Some verbs in <b>-ere</b> have a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (<a href = "#sec135">135, 1</a>): as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Perfect Stem.</th> <th>Verb.</th> @@ -21549,9 +21540,9 @@ verbs in <b class = "locked">-ēre</b> also have this form, <b>sedeō</b>, <b>videō</b>, <i>see</i>, <b>vīdī</b>; and one in <b class = "locked">-īre</b>, <b>veniō</b>, <i>come</i>, <b>vēnī</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page151" id = "page151"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page151"> 151</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec863" id = "sec863" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec863" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">863.</a></b> The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> with <b>a</b> in the present stem, have long <b>ē</b> in the perfect stem (<a href = @@ -21564,7 +21555,7 @@ have long <b>ē</b> in the perfect stem (<a href = <b>fēcī</b>, <b>iaciō</b>, <i>throw</i>, <b>iēcī</b>. So also the old <b>co-ēpī</b>, <i>began</i>, common <b>coepī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec864" id = "sec864" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec864" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">864.</a></b> Two verbs in <b>-āre</b> and some in <b>-ēre</b> have a perfect stem consisting of a root which ends in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> and has a @@ -21573,7 +21564,7 @@ long vowel: <b>iuvō</b>, <i>help</i>, <b>iuvāre</b>, <b>iūvī</b>, <b>caveō</b>, <i>look out</i>, <b>cavēre</b>, <b>cāvī</b>; see <a href = "#sec996">996</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec865" id = "sec865" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec865" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">865.</a></b> Verbs in <b>-uō</b>, <b>-uere</b>, both primitives and denominatives, have usually a perfect stem in short <b>u</b> of the theme (<a href = @@ -21585,12 +21576,12 @@ have usually a perfect stem in short <b>u</b> of the theme (<a href = <i>pile</i>, have <b>flūxī</b> and <b>strūxi</b> (<a href = "#sec830">830</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec866" id = "sec866" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec866" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">866.</a></b> (3.) Some verbs in <b>-ere</b> from roots ending in two consonants have a perfect stem consisting of the root: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Perfect Stem.</th> <th>Verb.</th> @@ -21624,12 +21615,12 @@ href = "#sec823">823</a>), and <b>prandeō</b>, <i>lunch</i>, <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-s-</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec867" id = "sec867" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec867" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">867.</a></b> Many verbs in <b>-ere</b> form their perfect stem by adding the suffix <b class = "locked">-s-</b> to a root, which generally ends in a mute: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Perfect Stem.</th> <th>Verb.</th> @@ -21676,7 +21667,7 @@ present, have a short vowel in the perfect: as, <b>ūrō</b>, <i>burn</i>, <b>ussī</b> (<a href = "#sec830">830</a>). See <a href = "#sec952">952</a>-961.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec868" id = "sec868" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec868" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">868.</a></b> Some verbs in <b>-ēre</b> also have a perfect in <b>-s-</b>: as <b>algeō</b>, <i>am cold</i>, <b>alsī</b> (<a href = @@ -21688,18 +21679,18 @@ href = "#sec170">170, 3</a>): see <a href = "#sec1014">1014</a>, <a href = "#sec1015">1015</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page152" id = "page152"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page152"> 152</a></span> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-v-</b> OR <b>-u-</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec869" id = "sec869" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec869" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">869.</a></b> (1.) Some verbs in <b>-ere</b>, with vowel roots, and almost all verbs in <b class = "locked">-āre</b> or <b class = "locked">-īre</b>, form their perfect stem by adding the suffix <b class = "locked">-v-</b> to a theme ending in a long vowel: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Perfect Stem.</th> <th>Verb.</th> @@ -21727,7 +21718,7 @@ in <b>-v-</b>, and particularly <b>terō</b>, <b>cernō</b>, <b>spernō</b>, and <b>sternō</b>, see <a href = "#sec962">962-970</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec870" id = "sec870" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec870" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">870.</a></b> A few verbs in <b>-ere</b> have a perfect stem in <b>-v-</b> attached to a presumed theme in long <b>ī</b>: as, <b>cupiō</b>, <i>want</i>, @@ -21735,7 +21726,7 @@ a presumed theme in long <b>ī</b>: as, <b>cupiō</b>, <i>want</i>, <i>inquire</i>, <b>quaesīvī</b>; <b>arcēssō</b>, <i>fetch</i>, <b>arcēssīvī</b>; see <a href = "#sec966">966-970</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec871" id = "sec871" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec871" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">871.</a></b> A few verbs in <b>-ēre</b> also have a perfect stem in <b>-v-</b>: as, <b>fleō</b>, <i>weep</i>, <b>flēre</b>, <b>flēvī</b>; see <a href = @@ -21746,18 +21737,18 @@ attached to a presumed theme in long <b>ē</b>: <b class = <b>quiēscō</b>, <i>get quiet</i>, <b>quiēvī</b>; <b>suēscō</b>, <i>get used</i>, <b>suēvī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec872" id = "sec872" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec872" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">872.</a></b> One verb in <b>-āscere</b> has a perfect stem in <b>-v-</b> attached to a presumed theme in long <b>ā</b>: <b>advesperāscit</b>, <i>it gets dusk</i>, <b>advesperāvit</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec873" id = "sec873" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec873" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">873.</a></b> (2.) Many verbs in <b>-ere</b> form their perfect stem by adding the suffix <b class = "locked">-u-</b> to a consonant root: as,</p> -<table class = "caphead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Perfect Stem.</th> <th>Verb.</th> @@ -21788,7 +21779,7 @@ out</i>, <b>ēlicuī</b>; <b>molō</b>, <i>grind</i>, <b>moluī</b>; <b>compescuī</b> (<a href = "#sec855">855</a>); see <a href = "#sec971">971-976</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec874" id = "sec874" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec874" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">874.</a></b> Some verbs in <b>-āre</b> also have a perfect stem in <b>-u-</b>: as, <b>crepō</b>, <i>rattle</i>, <b>crepāre</b>, <b>crepuī</b> (<a href = @@ -21798,7 +21789,7 @@ Some verbs in <b>-āre</b> also have a perfect stem in <b>-u-</b>: as, <b>saliō</b>, <i>leap</i>, <b>salīre</b>, <b>saluī</b> (<a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec875" id = "sec875" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec875" href = "#verb_formation_perf_indic">875.</a></b> The perfect <b>potuī</b> to the present <b>possum</b> (<a href = "#sec751">751</a>) is from a lost present <b>*poteō</b>, <b>*potēre</b> @@ -21808,11 +21799,11 @@ an old perfect <b>posīvī</b> (<a href = "#sec964">964</a>), later <b>posuī</b>, as if <b>pos-</b> were the stem.</p> -<p class = "header size8 topline2"><a name = "verb_formation_perf_subj" +<p class = "header size8 topline2"><a id = "verb_formation_perf_subj" href = "#verb_formation_perfect">PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec876" id = "sec876" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec876" href = "#verb_formation_perf_subj">876.</a></b> The perfect subjunctive stem ends in <b>-erī-</b>, for which <b class = "locked">-eri-</b> is sometimes used (<a href = @@ -21821,9 +21812,9 @@ The perfect subjunctive stem ends in <b>-erī-</b>, for which <b class = <p class = "fourth"><b>rēxeri-m</b>, <b>rēxerī-s</b>, <b>rēxeri-t</b>, <b>rēxerī-mus</b>, <b>rēxerī-tis</b>, <b>rēxeri-nt</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page153" id = "page153"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page153"> 153</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec877" id = "sec877" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec877" href = "#verb_formation_perf_subj">877.</a></b> In the perfect subjunctive, long <b>ī</b> is found before the person endings <b class = "locked">-s</b>, <b class = "locked">-mus</b>, and <b @@ -21833,7 +21824,7 @@ Sen., inscr., once each, Ov. 8), <b class = "locked">-īmus</b>, 4 times (Plaut. 3, Ter. 1), <b class = "locked">-ītis</b>, 3 times (Plaut. 2, Enn. 1).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec878" id = "sec878" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec878" href = "#verb_formation_perf_subj">878.</a></b> In the perfect subjunctive, short <b>i</b> is found, as in the future perfect, some 9 times, thus: <b class = "locked">-is</b>, 8 times @@ -21842,22 +21833,22 @@ perfect, some 9 times, thus: <b class = "locked">-is</b>, 8 times "locked">-tis</b>, short <b>i</b> is not found.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_perf_impv" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_perf_impv" href = "#verb_formation_perfect">PERFECT IMPERATIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec879" id = "sec879" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec879" href = "#verb_formation_perf_subj">879.</a></b> One verb only, <b>meminī</b>, <i>remember</i>, has a perfect imperative; in this imperative, the person endings are not preceded by a vowel, thus: <b>memen-tō</b>, <b>memen-tōte</b>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_plupf_indic" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_plupf_indic" href = "#verb_formation_perfect">PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec880" id = "sec880" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec880" href = "#verb_formation_plupf_indic">880.</a></b> The pluperfect indicative stem ends in <b>-erā-</b>, which becomes <b class = "locked">-era-</b> in some of the persons: as,</p> @@ -21866,11 +21857,11 @@ class = "locked">-era-</b> in some of the persons: as,</p> <b>rēxerā-mus</b>, <b>rēxerā-tis</b>, <b>rēxera-nt</b>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_plupf_subj" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_plupf_subj" href = "#verb_formation_perfect">PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec881" id = "sec881" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec881" href = "#verb_formation_plupf_subj">881.</a></b> The pluperfect subjunctive stem ends in <b>-issē-</b>, which becomes <b class = "locked">-isse-</b> in some of the persons: as,</p> @@ -21880,18 +21871,18 @@ class = "locked">-isse-</b> in some of the persons: as,</p> <b>rēxisse-nt</b>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_futpf" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_futpf" href = "#verb_formation_perfect">FUTURE PERFECT.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec882" id = "sec882" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec882" href = "#verb_formation_futpf">882.</a></b> The future perfect stem ends in <b>-erō-</b> and <b>-eri-</b>: as,</p> <p class = "fourth"><b>rēxerō</b>, <b>rēxeri-s</b>, <b>rēxeri-t</b>, <b>rēxeri-mus</b>, <b>rēxeri-tis</b>, <b>rēxeri-nt</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec883" id = "sec883" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec883" href = "#verb_formation_futpf">883.</a></b> In the future perfect, short <b>i</b> is found before the person endings <b class = "locked">-s</b>, <b class = "locked">-mus</b>, and <b class = @@ -21901,7 +21892,7 @@ In the future perfect, short <b>i</b> is found before the person endings (Plaut., Ter., Lucr.); <b class = "locked">-itis</b>, 8 times (Enn. 1, Plaut. 5, Ov. 2).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec884" id = "sec884" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec884" href = "#verb_formation_futpf">884.</a></b> In the future perfect, long <b>ī</b> is found, as in the perfect subjunctive, some 33 times, thus: <b class = "locked">-īs</b>, 28 times @@ -21910,16 +21901,16 @@ each), <b class = "locked">-īmus</b>, once (Catull.), <b class = "locked">-ītis</b>, 4 times (Ov. 3, Priap. 1).</p> -<p class = "header size8 topline2"><a name = "verb_formation_old" id = +<p class = "header size8 topline2"><a id = "verb_formation_old" href = "#verb_formation_perfect">SHORT OR OLD FORMS.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec885" id = "sec885" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec885" href = "#verb_formation_old">885.</a></b> (1.) Some shorter forms in the perfect system are principally found in old Latin.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec886" id = "sec886" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec886" href = "#verb_formation_old">886.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) Shorter forms in the perfect indicative, the pluperfect subjunctive, and the infinitive, most of them from perfects in <b class @@ -21933,9 +21924,9 @@ as, <b>dīxtī</b> (Plaut., Ter., Cic.); plural, rare: as, <b>accestis</b> (Verg.); plural, once only, <b>ērēpsēmus</b> (Hor.). Infinitive, <b>dīxe</b> (Plaut.), <b>cōnsūmpse</b> (Lucr.).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page154" id = "page154"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page154"> 154</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec887" id = "sec887" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec887" href = "#verb_formation_old">887.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) A perfect subjunctive stem in <b>-sī-</b> or in <b>-ssī-</b>, and a future perfect indicative stem in <b class = @@ -21959,7 +21950,7 @@ and prayers, and in dramatic verse: as,</p> "locked">-āre</b> have also, in old Latin, a future perfect infinitive: as, <b>impetrāssere</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec888" id = "sec888" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec888" href = "#verb_formation_old">888.</a></b> Passive inflections, as future perfect <b>faxitur</b>, <b>turbāssitur</b>, deponent <span class = @@ -21971,13 +21962,13 @@ Denominatives in <b class = "locked">-īre</b> never have the above formations. But <b>ambiō</b>, <i>canvass</i>, is thought to have a future perfect <b>ambīssit</b> twice (Plaut. prol.).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec889" id = "sec889" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec889" href = "#verb_formation_old">889.</a></b> (2.) Shortened forms from perfect stems formed by the suffix <b class = "locked">-v-</b> (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>) are very common in all periods.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec890" id = "sec890" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec890" href = "#verb_formation_old">890.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) In tenses formed from perfect stems in <b>-āv-</b>, <b>-ēv-</b>, and <b class = "locked">-ōv-</b>, <b>v</b> is often dropped @@ -22009,7 +22000,7 @@ class = "locked">-plēssem</b>, &c.; <b class = the <b>v</b>, but <b>cōgnōrō</b>, &c.; <b>nōvisse</b>, <b>nōsse</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec891" id = "sec891" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec891" href = "#verb_formation_old">891.</a></b> The verbs in which <b>v</b> belongs to the root (<a href = "#sec864">864</a>), are not thus shortened, except <b>moveō</b>, mostly @@ -22017,13 +22008,13 @@ in compounds. From <b>iuvō</b>, <b>iuerint</b> (Catull.), <b>adiuerō</b> (Enn.), once each, and twice <b>adiuerit</b> (Plaut., Ter.) are unnecessary emendations.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec892" id = "sec892" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec892" href = "#verb_formation_old">892.</a></b> Contractions in the perfect before <b>-t</b> and <b>-mus</b> are rare: as, <b>inrītāt</b>, <b>disturbāt</b>; <b>suēmus</b> or <b>su͡emus</b> (Lucr.), <b>nōmus</b> (Enn.), <b>cōnsu͡emus</b> (Prop.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec893" id = "sec893" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec893" href = "#verb_formation_old">893.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) In tenses formed from perfect stems in <b>-īv-</b>, <b>v</b> is often dropped before <b class = "locked">-is-</b>, <b class = @@ -22047,16 +22038,16 @@ or <b>sīrint</b> (Plaut.). <b>dēsinō</b> is thought to have <i>Ep.</i>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page155" id = "page155"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page155"> 155</a></span> -<h6><a name = "verb_formation_nounverb" id = "verb_formation_nounverb" +<h6><a id = "verb_formation_nounverb" href = "#verb_formation">NOUNS OF THE VERB.</a></h6> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_infin" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_infin" href = "#verb_formation_nounverb">INFINITIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec894" id = "sec894" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec894" href = "#verb_formation_infin">894.</a></b> The active infinitive has the ending <b>-re</b> in the present, and <b class = "locked">-isse</b> in the perfect: as,</p> @@ -22066,7 +22057,7 @@ class = "locked">-isse</b> in the perfect: as,</p> <b>laudāvisse</b> or <b>laudāsse</b>, <b>monuisse</b>, <b>audīvisse</b> or <b>audīsse</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec895" id = "sec895" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec895" href = "#verb_formation_infin">895.</a></b> For <b>-rē</b> in old Latin, see <a href = "#sec134_2">134, 2</a>. The infinitive of <b>fīō</b>, <i>become</i>, ends in <b class = @@ -22080,7 +22071,7 @@ compounds. For <b>velle</b>, <i>to wish</i> (<b>mālle</b>, compounds (<a href = "#sec766">766</a>), and in poetry, <b>petō</b>, <i>go to</i>, has rarely <b>petiisse</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec896" id = "sec896" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec896" href = "#verb_formation_infin">896.</a></b> The present infinitive passive of verbs in <b>-ere</b> has the ending <b class = "locked">-ī</b>; that of other verbs has <b class = @@ -22092,7 +22083,7 @@ class = "locked">-ī</b>; that of other verbs has <b class = spelling <b>ei</b> (<a href = "#sec29">29, 2</a>): as, <span class = "smallroman">DAREI</span>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec897" id = "sec897" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec897" href = "#verb_formation_infin">897.</a></b> A longer form in <b>-ier</b> for <b>-ī</b>, and <b>-rier</b> for <b class = "locked">-rī</b>, is common in old laws and dramatic verse, and @@ -22103,7 +22094,7 @@ occurs sometimes in other poetry: as, <span class = <b>cūrārier</b>, <i>to be looked after</i> (Plaut.); <b>dominārier</b>, <i>to be lord paramount</i> (Verg.).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec898" id = "sec898" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec898" href = "#verb_formation_infin">898.</a></b> The place of the perfect passive, future active, and future passive infinitive is supplied by a circumlocution, as seen in the paradigms. @@ -22111,11 +22102,11 @@ For the future perfect <b class = "locked">-āssere</b>, see <a href = "#sec887">887</a>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_gerund" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_gerund" href = "#verb_formation_nounverb">GERUNDIVE AND GERUND.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec899" id = "sec899" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec899" href = "#verb_formation_gerund">899.</a></b> The gerundive stem is formed by adding <b>-ndo-</b>, nominative <b class = "locked">-ndus</b>, <b class = "locked">-nda</b>, <b class = @@ -22134,11 +22125,11 @@ singular. For <b class = "locked">-bundus</b>, see <a href = "#sec290">290</a>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_supine" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_supine" href = "#verb_formation_nounverb">SUPINE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec900" id = "sec900" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec900" href = "#verb_formation_supine">900.</a></b> The supine stem is formed by the suffix <b>-tu-</b>, which is often changed to <b class = "locked">-su-</b> (<a href = @@ -22153,11 +22144,11 @@ commonest verbs have no supine: as, <b>sum</b>, <b>eō</b>, <b>ferō</b>; <b>doceō</b>, &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_presptc" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_presptc" href = "#verb_formation_nounverb">PRESENT PARTICIPLE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec901" id = "sec901" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec901" href = "#verb_formation_presptc">901.</a></b> The present participle stem is formed by adding <b>-nt-</b> or <b class = "locked">-nti-</b>, nominative <b class = "locked">-ns</b>, to the @@ -22167,9 +22158,9 @@ present stem: as,</p> <b>danti-</b>; <b>regēns</b>, <b>capiēns</b>; <b>laudāns</b>, <b>monēns</b>, <b>audiēns</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page156" id = "page156"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page156"> 156</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec902" id = "sec902" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec902" href = "#verb_formation_presptc">902.</a></b> The adjective <b>sontem</b> (accusative, no nominative), which was originally the participle of <b>sum</b>, has <b>o</b> before the suffix, @@ -22180,7 +22171,7 @@ class = "locked">-s</b> (<a href = "#sec63">63</a>): as, <span class = "smallroman">LIBES</span> (inscr.), <b>exsultās</b> (Enn.), <b>animās</b> (Lucr.).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec903" id = "sec903" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec903" href = "#verb_formation_presptc">903.</a></b> Some adjectives which were originally present participles have no verb: as, <b>clēmēns</b>, <i>merciful</i>, <b>ēlegāns</b>, <i>choice</i>, @@ -22190,11 +22181,11 @@ as, <b>clēmēns</b>, <i>merciful</i>, <b>ēlegāns</b>, <i>choice</i>, <i>powerful</i>, see <a href = "#sec922">922</a>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_futptc" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_futptc" href = "#verb_formation_nounverb">FUTURE PARTICIPLE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec904" id = "sec904" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec904" href = "#verb_formation_futptc">904.</a></b> The future participle suffix is <b>-tūro-</b>, nominative <b>-tūrus</b>, <b class = "locked">-tūra</b>, <b class = "locked">-tūrum</b>, which is @@ -22207,7 +22198,7 @@ the perfect participle (<a href = "#sec906">906</a>): as, <b>rēctūrus</b>, <i>going to guide</i>; <b>laudātūrus</b>, <i>going to praise</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec905" id = "sec905" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec905" href = "#verb_formation_futptc">905.</a></b> Some future participles have a different formation from that of the perfect participle: as, <b>mortuus</b>, <i>dead</i>, <b>moritūrus</b>; @@ -22222,11 +22213,11 @@ have a future participle: as, <b>acquiēscō</b>, <b>appāreō</b>, <b>sonō</b>, <b>stō</b>, <b>valeō</b>.</p> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "verb_formation_perfptc" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "verb_formation_perfptc" href = "#verb_formation_nounverb">PERFECT PARTICIPLE.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec906" id = "sec906" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec906" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">906.</a></b> The perfect participle suffix is <b>-to-</b>, nominative <b>-tus</b>, <b class = "locked">-ta</b>, <b class = "locked">-tum</b>, which is often @@ -22234,7 +22225,7 @@ changed to <b class = "locked">-so-</b>, nominative <b class = "locked">-sus</b>, <b class = "locked">-sa</b>, <b class = "locked">-sum</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec907" id = "sec907" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec907" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">907.</a></b> The perfect participle was originally active as well as passive, and some participles have retained the active meaning: as,</p> @@ -22253,11 +22244,11 @@ class = "locked">-idus</b> (<a href = "#sec287">287</a>). Intransitive verbs have usually only the neuter. A perfect active participle <b>meminēns</b> is said to have been used twice (Plaut., Laev.).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec908" id = "sec908" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec908" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">908.</a></b> The perfect participle is formed in one of two separate ways:</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec909" id = "sec909" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec909" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">909.</a></b> (1.) From a theme consisting of a root; in this way the participles of most verbs in <b class = "locked">-ere</b> and <b class = @@ -22269,7 +22260,7 @@ most verbs in <b class = "locked">-ere</b> and <b class = <b>sparsus</b>, <i>sprinkled</i> (<a href = "#sec170">170, 3</a>); <b>doctus</b>, <i>taught</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec910" id = "sec910" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec910" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">910.</a></b> In some consonant root participles of verbs in <b>-ere</b>, <b>-āre</b>, or <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>, which have the suffix <b class = @@ -22284,9 +22275,9 @@ or <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>, which have the suffix <b class = <i>sprightly</i>. One participle has <b class = "locked">-tuo-</b>: <b>mortuus</b>, <i>dead</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page157" id = "page157"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page157"> 157</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec911" id = "sec911" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec911" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">911.</a></b> Some verbs in <b>-āre</b> have participles from consonant roots: as, <b>frictus</b>, <i>rubbed</i>, <b>fricō</b>, <b>fricāre</b>; see <a href @@ -22297,7 +22288,7 @@ Some verbs in <b>-āre</b> have participles from consonant roots: as, and <a href = "#sec1017">1017</a>, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>, <a href = "#sec1020">1020</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec912" id = "sec912" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec912" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">912.</a></b> Roots in <b>-d-</b> and <b>-t-</b> change <b>-to-</b> to <b>-so-</b>, before which the dentals change to <b>s</b> (<a href = @@ -22309,7 +22300,7 @@ with some roots in <b class = "locked">-l-</b>, <b class = "locked">-m-</b>, or <b class = "locked">-r-</b> and a few others: as, <b>pulsus</b> (<a href = "#sec159">159</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec913" id = "sec913" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec913" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">913.</a></b> (2.) From a theme in long <b>ā</b> or in long <b>ī</b>; in this way participles are regularly formed from denominatives in <b class = @@ -22318,7 +22309,7 @@ participles are regularly formed from denominatives in <b class = <p class = "fourth"><b>laudātus</b>, <i>praised</i>; <b>audītus</b>, <i>heard</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec914" id = "sec914" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec914" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">914.</a></b> A few perfect participles of verbs in <b>-ere</b> are formed from a presumed theme in long <b>ī</b>, or long <b>ē</b>, or from one in long @@ -22327,7 +22318,7 @@ out</i>; see <a href = "#sec967">967-970</a>; <b>tribūtus</b>, <i>assigned</i>; see <a href = "#sec947">947</a>, <a href = "#sec948">948</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec915" id = "sec915" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec915" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">915.</a></b> (1.) Many perfect participles formed from consonant roots have a short root vowel (<a href = "#sec135">135, 1</a>): as,</p> @@ -22342,7 +22333,7 @@ root vowel (<a href = "#sec135">135, 1</a>): as,</p> <i>neat</i>; <b>textus</b>, <i>woven</i>; <b>vorsus</b>, <i>turned</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec916" id = "sec916" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec916" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">916.</a></b> (2.) Some perfect participles formed from consonant roots have a long root vowel, sometimes even when the vowel of the parallel present stem @@ -22366,7 +22357,7 @@ up</i>, <b>pollūceō</b>; <b>scrīptus</b>, <i>written</i>, <i>scrībō</i>; <i>hallowed</i>, <b>sanciō</b> (<a href = "#sec831">831</a>); also, <b>fūnctus</b>, <i>having performed</i>, <b>fungor</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec917" id = "sec917" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec917" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">917.</a></b> (1.) Most perfect participles formed from vowel roots have a long root vowel: as,</p> @@ -22379,7 +22370,7 @@ also an isolated <b>rūtus</b>, in the law phrase <b>rūta caesa</b>, or <b>rūta et caesa</b>, <i>diggings and cuttings</i>, i.e. <i>minerals and timber</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec918" id = "sec918" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec918" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">918.</a></b> (2.) Ten perfect participles formed from vowel roots have a short root vowel; they are:</p> @@ -22392,7 +22383,7 @@ vowel; they are:</p> <p><b>litus</b>, <b>quitus</b>, <i>besmeared</i>, <i>been able</i></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec919" id = "sec919" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec919" href = "#verb_formation_perfptc">919.</a></b> As <b>citus</b>, so always <b>percitus</b> and <b>incitus</b> (once <b>incītus</b>, doubtful); usually <b>concitus</b>, rarely @@ -22405,20 +22396,20 @@ have a short root vowel. For <b>dēfrūtum</b>, <b>dēfrutum</b>, see <a href = "#sec134">134</a>, 1.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page158" id = "page158"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page158"> 158</a></span> -<h5><a name = "verb_list" id = "verb_list" href = +<h5><a id = "verb_list" href = "#inflection_verb">LIST OF VERBS</a><br> <span class = "smallest">ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPAL PARTS.</span></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec920" id = "sec920" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec920" href = "#verb_list">920.</a></b> I. The principal parts of root verbs and of verbs in <b>-ere</b> are formed in a variety of ways and are best learned separately for every verb (<a href = "#sec922">922-986</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec921" id = "sec921" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec921" href = "#verb_list">921.</a></b> II. The principal parts of verbs in <b>-āre</b>, <b>-ēre</b>, and <b class = "locked">-īre</b>, are usually formed as follows:</p> @@ -22428,7 +22419,7 @@ class = "locked">-īre</b>, are usually formed as follows:</p> widest pp.’s are (<b>con-temptus</b>), <b>ex-per-rēctus</b> and (<b>in-crepitus</b>) --> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>laudō</b>, <i>praise</i></td> <td><b>laudāre</b></td> @@ -22453,18 +22444,18 @@ widest pp.’s are (<b>con-temptus</b>), <b>ex-per-rēctus</b> and "#sec989">989-1022</a>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "verb_list_primitive" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "verb_list_primitive" href = "#verb_list">I. Primitive Verbs.</a></h6> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verb_list_primitive_1" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "verb_list_primitive_1" href = "#verb_list_primitive">(A.) ROOT VERBS.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec922" id = "sec922" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec922" href = "#verb_list_primitive_1">922.</a></b> Root verbs have their principal parts as follows:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sum</b>, <i>am</i></td> <td><b>esse</b></td> @@ -22483,7 +22474,7 @@ Root verbs have their principal parts as follows:</p> <b>fore</b>, see <a href = "#sec750">750</a>. <b>fuī</b>, &c., serves as the perfect system of <b>sum</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pos-sum</b>, <i>can</i></td> <td><b>pos-se</b></td> @@ -22502,7 +22493,7 @@ serves as the perfect system of <b>sum</b>.</p> of <b>possum</b>. Of the present system of <b>potuī</b>, only <b>potēns</b>, <i>powerful</i>, is used, and only as an adjective.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>dō</b>, <i>give</i>, <i>put</i></td> <td><b>dare</b></td> @@ -22513,7 +22504,7 @@ of <b>possum</b>. Of the present system of <b>potuī</b>, only <p class = "fifth">For compounds, see <a href = "#sec757">757</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>bibō</b>, <i>drink</i></td> <td><b>bibere</b></td> @@ -22525,7 +22516,7 @@ of <b>possum</b>. Of the present system of <b>potuī</b>, only <p class = "fifth">So the compounds, with the reduplication preserved in the perfect system (<a href = "#sec860">860</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>serō</b>, <i>sow</i></td> <td><b>serere</b></td> @@ -22537,7 +22528,7 @@ the perfect system (<a href = "#sec860">860</a>).</p> <p class = "fifth">Compounds have <b>i</b> for <b>a</b> in the perfect participle: as, <b>cōn-situs</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sistō</b>, <i>set</i></td> <td><b>sistere</b></td> @@ -22607,28 +22598,28 @@ see <a href = "#sec780">780</a>; for the perfect of <b>re-ferō</b>, <a href = "#sec861">861</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page159" id = "page159"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page159"> 159</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verb_list_primitive_2" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "verb_list_primitive_2" href = "#verb_list_primitive">(B.) VERBS IN <b>-ere</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "verb_list_prim2_without" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "verb_list_prim2_without" href = "#verb_list_primitive_2">(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec923" id = "sec923" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec923" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">923.</a></b> (1 <i>a</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have a reduplicated perfect stem (<a href = "#sec858">858</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec924" id = "sec924" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec924" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">924.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>canō</b>, <i>make music</i></td> <td><b>canere</b></td> @@ -22641,7 +22632,7 @@ when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <b>prae-cinō</b>, see <a href = "#sec971">971</a> and <a href = "#sec823">823</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>tendō</b>, <i>stretch</i></td> <td><b>tendere</b></td> @@ -22657,12 +22648,12 @@ when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <b>ex-tēnsus</b>, and in late writers, <b>dē-tēnsus</b>, <b>dis-tēnsus</b>, <b>os-tēnsus</b>, and <b>re-tēnsus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec925" id = "sec925" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec925" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">925.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pangō</b>, <i>fix</i></td> <td><b>pangere</b></td> @@ -22678,7 +22669,7 @@ when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> "text reads ‘com-pingo’"><b>com-pingō</b></ins> and <b>im-pingō</b>, see <a href = "#sec938">938</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pungō</b>, <i>punch</i></td> <td><b>pungere</b></td> @@ -22690,7 +22681,7 @@ when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">For <b>com-pungō</b> and <b>ex-pungō</b>, see <a href = "#sec954">954</a> and <a href = "#sec823">823</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>tangō</b>, <i>touch</i></td> <td><b>tangere</b></td> @@ -22706,12 +22697,12 @@ href = "#sec860">860</a>), <b>con-tāctus</b>; in old Latin: <b>at-tigās</b> (Plaut., Ter., Acc., Pac.), <b>at-tigat</b> (Pac.), <b>at-tigātis</b> (Plaut., Pac.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec926" id = "sec926" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec926" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">926.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-l<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec833">833</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>tollō</b>, <i>take off</i></td> <td><b>tollere</b></td> @@ -22725,12 +22716,12 @@ are appropriated by <b>ferō</b>, <b>tollō</b> takes those of <b>sus-tollō</b>. The original perfect is <b>tetulī</b> (<a href = "#sec860">860</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec927" id = "sec927" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec927" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">927.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-sc<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>discō</b>, <i>learn</i></td> <td><b>discere</b></td> @@ -22749,12 +22740,12 @@ are appropriated by <b>ferō</b>, <b>tollō</b> takes those of For <b>-didicī</b> and <b class = "locked">-poposcī</b>, see <a href = "#sec860">860</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec928" id = "sec928" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec928" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">928.</a></b> (<i>e.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec836">836</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pariō</b>, <i>bring forth</i></td> <td><b>parere</b></td> @@ -22767,21 +22758,21 @@ For <b>-didicī</b> and <b class = "locked">-poposcī</b>, see <a href = "#sec791">791</a>. <b>com-periō</b>, <a href = "#sec1012">1012</a>; <b>re-periō</b>, <a href = "#sec1011">1011</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec929" id = "sec929" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec929" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">929.</a></b> (1 <i>b</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have a reduplicated perfect stem (<a href = "#sec858">858</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, is <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec930" id = "sec930" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec930" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">930.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘o-’"><sup>-o</sup></ins>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a><ins class = "correction" title = "text has .)">). </ins></p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cadō</b>, <i>fall</i></td> <td><b>cadere</b></td> @@ -22798,7 +22789,7 @@ title = "missing ,">Enn.,</ins> Lucr., Varr.): as, <b>ac-cedere</b>, <b>ac-cedis (<a href = "#sec109">109</a>). For the perfect of <b>re-cidō</b>, see <a href = "#sec861">861</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>caedō</b>, <i>fell</i>, <i>cut</i></td> <td><b>caedere</b></td> @@ -22811,10 +22802,10 @@ title = "missing ,">Enn.,</ins> Lucr., Varr.): as, <b>ac-cedere</b>, <b>ac-cedis <b>ac-cīdō</b>, <b>ac-cīdere</b>, ac-cīdī (<a href = "#sec860">860</a>), <b>ac-cīsus</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page160" id = "page160"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page160"> 160</a></span> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>parcō</b>, <i>spare</i></td> <td><b>parcere</b></td> @@ -22830,7 +22821,7 @@ once <b>parcuit</b> (Naev.). Compounds: <b>com-perce</b> (Plaut.), <b>con-parsit</b> (Ter.), <b>in-perce</b>, <b>im-percitō</b>, <b>re-percis</b> (Plaut.), <b>re-parcent</b> (Lucr.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pendō</b>, <i>weigh</i>, <i>pay</i></td> <td><b>pendere</b></td> @@ -22839,12 +22830,12 @@ once <b>parcuit</b> (Naev.). Compounds: <b>com-perce</b> (Plaut.), </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec931" id = "sec931" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec931" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">931.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>tundō</b>, <i>pound</i></td> <td><b>tundere</b></td> @@ -22864,13 +22855,13 @@ Quintil., Tac.); <b>per-tūssus</b> (Plaut.), <b>per-tūsus</b> (Cato, Lucr., Liv., Sen., &c.); <b>re-tūnsus</b> (Plaut., Verg.), <b>re-tūsus</b> (Cic., Lucr., Hor.); <b>sub-tūsus</b> (Tib.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec932" id = "sec932" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec932" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">932.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-r<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b>, or <b>-l<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec833">833</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>currō</b>, <i>run</i></td> <td><b>currere</b></td> @@ -22882,7 +22873,7 @@ Lucr., Liv., Sen., &c.); <b>re-tūnsus</b> (Plaut., Verg.), <p class = "fifth">For perfect of compounds, see <a href = "#sec860">860</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fallō</b>, <i>cheat</i></td> <td><b>fallere</b></td> @@ -22895,7 +22886,7 @@ Lucr., Liv., Sen., &c.); <b>re-tūnsus</b> (Plaut., Verg.), <b>re-fellī</b> (<a href = "#sec860">860</a>), <b>——</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pellō</b>, <i>push</i></td> <td><b>pellere</b></td> @@ -22908,17 +22899,17 @@ Lucr., Liv., Sen., &c.); <b>re-tūnsus</b> (Plaut., Verg.), "#sec861">861</a>. Other compounds have <b class = "locked">-pulī</b> (<a href = "#sec860">860</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec933" id = "sec933" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec933" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">933.</a></b> (1 <i>c</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> are without the reduplication (<a href = "#sec861">861</a>):</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec934" id = "sec934" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec934" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">934.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>findō</b>, <i>split apart</i></td> <td><b>findere</b></td> @@ -22933,12 +22924,12 @@ reduplication (<a href = "#sec861">861</a>):</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec935" id = "sec935" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec935" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">935.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-l<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec833">833</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>per-cellō</b>, <i>knock down</i></td> <td><b>per-cellere</b></td> @@ -22947,19 +22938,19 @@ reduplication (<a href = "#sec861">861</a>):</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec936" id = "sec936" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec936" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">936.</a></b> (2 <i>a</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (<a href = "#sec862">862</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec937" id = "sec937" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec937" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">937.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>agō</b>, <i>drive</i></td> <td><b>agere</b></td> @@ -22975,7 +22966,7 @@ present system: as, <b>ab-igō</b>, <b>ab-igere</b>, <b>ab-ēgī</b>, <b>co-āctus</b>; <b>dēgō</b>, <b>dēgere</b>, <b>——</b>, <b>——</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>emō</b>, <i>take</i>, <i>buy</i></td> <td><b>emere</b></td> @@ -22989,7 +22980,7 @@ system, and usually <b>inter-emō</b> and <b>per-emō</b>; other compounds have <b class = "locked">-imō</b>. For <b>cōmō</b>, <b>dēmō</b>, <b>prōmō</b>, and <b>sūmō</b>, see <a href = "#sec952">952</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>——</b>, <i>strike</i></td> <td><b>——</b></td> @@ -23001,7 +22992,7 @@ have <b class = "locked">-imō</b>. For <b>cōmō</b>, <b>dēmō</b>, <p class = "fifth">Forms of the present system are <b>īcit</b> (Plaut., Lucr.), <b>īcitur</b> (Plin.), <b>īcimur</b> (Lucr.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>legō</b>, <i>pick up</i>, <i>read</i></td> <td><b>legere</b></td> @@ -23017,14 +23008,14 @@ present system, others <b class = "locked">-ligō</b>. For <b>dī-ligō</b>, <b>intel-legō</b>, <b>neg-legō</b>, see <a href = "#sec952">952</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page161" id = "page161"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page161"> 161</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec938" id = "sec938" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec938" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">938.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘com-pingo’"><b>com-pingō</b></ins>, <i>fix together</i></td> @@ -23037,7 +23028,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘com-pingo’"><b>com-pingō</b></ins>, <i>fix together</i <p class = "fifth">A compound of <b>pangō</b> (<a href = "#sec925">925</a>, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>frangō</b>, <i>smash</i></td> <td><b>frangere</b></td> @@ -23050,7 +23041,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘com-pingo’"><b>com-pingō</b></ins>, <i>fix together</i system: as, <b>cōn-fringō</b>, <b>cōn-fringere</b>, <b>cōn-frēgī</b>, <b>cōn-frāctus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>im-pingō</b>, <i>drive in</i></td> <td><b>im-pingere</b></td> @@ -23063,7 +23054,7 @@ system: as, <b>cōn-fringō</b>, <b>cōn-fringere</b>, <b>cōn-frēgī</b>, "#sec925">925</a>, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>). So also <b>op-pēgī</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>linquō</b>, <i>leave</i></td> <td><b>linquere</b></td> @@ -23081,7 +23072,7 @@ system: as, <b>cōn-fringō</b>, <b>cōn-fringere</b>, <b>cōn-frēgī</b>, <p class = "fifth">So the compounds. But Plautus has <b>con-rumptus</b> and <b>dir-rumptus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>vincō</b>, <i>conquer</i></td> <td><b>vincere</b></td> @@ -23090,12 +23081,12 @@ and <b>dir-rumptus</b>.</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec939" id = "sec939" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec939" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">939.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-sc<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pavēscō</b>, <i>get afraid</i></td> <td><b>pavēscere</b></td> @@ -23104,12 +23095,12 @@ and <b>dir-rumptus</b>.</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec940" id = "sec940" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec940" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">940.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec836">836</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>capiō</b>, <i>take</i></td> <td><b>capere</b></td> @@ -23124,7 +23115,7 @@ system and <b>e</b> in the perfect participle: as, <b>in-cipiō</b>, system, <b>e</b> is rare: as, <b>re-cepit</b> (Lucr.); <b>u</b> is frequent in old Latin.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>coepiō</b>, <i>begin</i> rare</td> <td><b>coepere</b> once</td> @@ -23135,7 +23126,7 @@ frequent in old Latin.</p> <p class = "fifth">See <a href = "#sec812">812</a>-814.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>faciō</b>, <i>make</i></td> <td><b>facere</b></td> @@ -23150,7 +23141,7 @@ passive, <a href = "#sec788">788</a>. Compounds have <b>i</b> for as, <b>ef-ficiō</b>, <b>ef-ficere</b>, <b>ef-fēcī</b>, <b>ef-fectus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fugiō</b>, <i>run away</i></td> <td><b>fugere</b></td> @@ -23173,19 +23164,19 @@ system has rarely <b class = "locked">-ieciō</b>; <b class = "locked">-iecere</b>. <b>dis-siciō</b> is sometimes used (Lucr., Verg.) for <b>dis-iciō</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec941" id = "sec941" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec941" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">941.</a></b> (2 <i>b</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (<a href = "#sec862">862</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec942" id = "sec942" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec942" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">942.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cūdō</b>, <i>hammer</i></td> <td><b>cūdere</b></td> @@ -23194,12 +23185,12 @@ consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (<a href = </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec943" id = "sec943" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec943" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">943.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With reduplication and <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> in the present stem (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sīdō</b>, <i>settle</i></td> <td><b>sīdere</b></td> @@ -23209,12 +23200,12 @@ the present stem (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec944" id = "sec944" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec944" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">944.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fundō</b>, <i>pour</i></td> <td><b>fundere</b></td> @@ -23223,13 +23214,13 @@ the present stem (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec945" id = "sec945" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec945" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">945.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-s<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> for <b>-t<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec835">835</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>vīsō</b>, <i>go to see</i></td> <td><b>vīsere</b></td> @@ -23238,12 +23229,12 @@ for <b>-t<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec946" id = "sec946" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec946" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">946.</a></b> (<i>e.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec836">836</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fodiō</b>, <i>dig</i></td> <td><b>fodere</b></td> @@ -23255,9 +23246,9 @@ for <b>-t<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = <p class = "fifth">For forms in <b>-īre</b>, see <a href = "#sec791">791</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page162" id = "page162"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page162"> 162</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec947" id = "sec947" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec947" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">947.</a></b> (2 <i>c</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> (<a href = "#sec367">367</a>) with the present stem in @@ -23267,7 +23258,7 @@ for <b>-t<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = = "#sec865">865</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>acuō</b>, <i>sharpen</i></td> <td><b>acuere</b></td> @@ -23364,7 +23355,7 @@ for <b>-t<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = <p class = "fifth">Compounds have <b>i</b> for <b>a</b> throughout: as, <b>cōn-stituō</b>, <b>cōn-stituere</b>, &c.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>volvō</b>, <i>roll</i></td> <td><b>volvere</b></td> @@ -23385,7 +23376,7 @@ for <b>-t<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec948" id = "sec948" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec948" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">948.</a></b> Two verbs in <b>-ere</b> with the present stem in <b>-nu<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec833">833</a>), have @@ -23393,7 +23384,7 @@ the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-nu-</b> (<a href = "#sec865">865</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>minuō</b>, <i>lessen</i></td> <td><b>minuere</b></td> @@ -23408,20 +23399,20 @@ the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-nu-</b> (<a href = </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec949" id = "sec949" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec949" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">949.</a></b> (3.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have a perfect stem consisting of a root ending in two consonants (<a href = "#sec866">866</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec950" id = "sec950" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec950" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">950.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>); most have a nasal (<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>-cendō</b>, <i>light</i></td> <td><b>-cendere</b></td> @@ -23453,7 +23444,7 @@ the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = participle <b>dis-pessus</b> (Plaut., Lucr.), <b>dis-pānsus</b> (Lucr., Plin., Suet.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pre-hendō</b>, <i>seize</i></td> <td><b>pre-hendere</b></td> @@ -23465,7 +23456,7 @@ Plin., Suet.).</p> <p class = "fifth">Rarely <b>prae-hendō</b>; but very often <b>prēndō</b>, <b>prēndere</b>, <b>prēndī</b>, <b>prēnsus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>scandō</b>, <i>climb</i></td> <td><b>scandere</b></td> @@ -23477,7 +23468,7 @@ Plin., Suet.).</p> <p class = "fifth">Compounds have <b>e</b> for <b>a</b> throughout: as, <b>dē-scendō</b>, <b>dē-scendere</b>, &c.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>vorrō</b>, <b>verrō</b>, <i>sweep</i></td> <td><b>vorrere</b>, <b>verrere</b></td> @@ -23492,12 +23483,12 @@ Plin., Suet.).</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec951" id = "sec951" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec951" href = "#verb_list_prim2_without">951.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-l<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec833">833</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>vollō</b>, <b>vellō</b>, <i>tear</i></td> <td><b>vollere</b>, <b>vellere</b></td> @@ -23510,26 +23501,26 @@ Plin., Suet.).</p> (Laber., Col., Sen., Luc.).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page163" id = "page163"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page163"> 163</a></span> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "verb_list_prim2_svu" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "verb_list_prim2_svu" href = "#verb_list_primitive_2">(B.) PERFECT STEM IN <b>-s-</b>, OR IN <b>-v-</b> OR <b class = "locked">-u-</b>.</a></p> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-s-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec952" id = "sec952" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec952" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">952.</a></b> (1 <i>a</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-s-</b> (<a href = "#sec867">867</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec953" id = "sec953" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec953" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">953.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>carpō</b>, <i>nibble</i>, <i>pluck</i></td> <td><b>carpere</b></td> @@ -23542,7 +23533,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <b>dē-cerpō</b>, <b>dē-cerpere</b>, <b>dē-cerpsī</b>, <b>dē-cerptus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>com-būrō</b>, <i>burn up</i></td> <td><b>com-būrere</b></td> @@ -23561,7 +23552,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> "#sec937">937</a>, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>). See also <b>dēmō</b>, <b>prōmō</b>, <b>sūmō</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>coquō</b>, <i>cook</i></td> <td><b>coquere</b></td> @@ -23584,7 +23575,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">For <b>dīc</b>, see <a href = "#sec846">846</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>dī-ligō</b>, <i>esteem</i></td> <td><b>dī-ligere</b></td> @@ -23597,7 +23588,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> "#sec937">937</a>, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>). See also <b>intel-legō</b> and <b>neg-legō</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>dūcō</b> <i>lead</i></td> <td><b>dūcere</b></td> @@ -23609,7 +23600,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">For <b>dūc</b>, <b>ē-dūc</b>, see <a href = "#sec846">846</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>-flīgō</b>, <i>smash</i></td> <td><b>-flīgere</b></td> @@ -23621,7 +23612,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">Of the simple verb, <b>flīgit</b> occurs (L. Andr.), <b>flīgēbant</b> (Lucr.), and <b>flīgī</b> (L. Andr., Acc.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>gerō</b>, <i>carry</i></td> <td><b>gerere</b></td> @@ -23646,7 +23637,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> and <b>neg-lēgī</b> (<a href = "#sec862">862</a>, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>nūbō</b>, <i>veil</i>, <i>marry</i> (<i>a man</i>)</td> <td><b>nūbere</b></td> @@ -23671,7 +23662,7 @@ and <b>neg-lēgī</b> (<a href = "#sec862">862</a>, <a href = <b>ē-rigō</b>; commonly <b>por-rigō</b>, sometimes <b>porgō</b>; rarely <b>sur-rigō</b>, commonly <b>surgō</b>; always <b>pergō</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>rēpō</b>, <i>creep</i></td> <td><b>rēpere</b></td> @@ -23746,15 +23737,15 @@ and <b>neg-lēgī</b> (<a href = "#sec862">862</a>, <a href = </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page164" id = "page164"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page164"> 164</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec954" id = "sec954" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec954" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">954.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">(<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</ins></p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cingō</b>, <i>gird</i></td> <td><b>cingere</b></td> @@ -23772,7 +23763,7 @@ title = ". missing">(<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</ins></p> <p class = "fifth">A compound of <b>pungō</b> (<a href = "#sec925">925</a>, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ē-mungō</b>, <i>clean out</i></td> <td><b>ē-mungere</b></td> @@ -23790,7 +23781,7 @@ title = ". missing">(<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</ins></p> <p class = "fifth">A compound of <b>pungō</b> (<a href = "#sec925">925</a>, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fingō</b>, <i>mould</i></td> <td><b>fingere</b></td> @@ -23844,12 +23835,12 @@ title = ". missing">(<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</ins></p> <p class = "fifth">Sometimes <b>ungō</b>, <b>ungere</b>, &c., in the present system.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec955" id = "sec955" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec955" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">955.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-n<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec833">833</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>temnō</b>, <i>scorn</i></td> <td><b>temnere</b></td> @@ -23858,12 +23849,12 @@ present system.</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec956" id = "sec956" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec956" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">956.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec836">836</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ad-liciō</b>, <i>lure</i></td> <td><b>ad-licere</b></td> @@ -23895,19 +23886,19 @@ present system.</p> (Varr.), <b>spiciunt</b> (Cato), <ins class = "correction" title = "text unchanged: error for ‘spexit’?"><b>spēxit</b></ins> (Naev., Enn.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec957" id = "sec957" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec957" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">957.</a></b> (1 <i>b</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-s-</b> (<a href = "#sec867">867</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec958" id = "sec958" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec958" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">958.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cēdō</b>, <i>move along</i></td> <td><b>cēdere</b></td> @@ -23925,7 +23916,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href <p class = "fifth">Sometimes <b>clūdō</b>, <b>clūdere</b>, <b>clūsī</b>, <b>clūsus</b>. Compounds have <b>ū</b> for <b>au</b> throughout.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>dī-vidō</b>, <i>separate</i></td> <td><b>dī-videre</b></td> @@ -23955,7 +23946,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href <p class = "fifth">Compounds have <b>ī</b> for <b>ae</b> throughout: as, <b>in-līdō</b>, <b>in-līdere</b>, &c.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>lūdō</b>, <i>play</i></td> <td><b>lūdere</b></td> @@ -23986,7 +23977,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href Other compounds have usually <b>ō</b> for <b>au</b> throughout: as, <b>ex-plōdō</b>, &c.; but <b>ex-plaudō</b> (Lucr.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>premō</b>, <i>squeeze</i></td> <td><b>premere</b></td> @@ -23998,10 +23989,10 @@ Other compounds have usually <b>ō</b> for <b>au</b> throughout: as, <p class = "fifth">Compounds have <b>i</b> for <b>e</b> in the present system: as, <b>com-primō</b>, &c.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page165" id = "page165"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page165"> 165</a></span> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>rādō</b>, <i>scrape</i></td> <td><b>rādere</b></td> @@ -24025,7 +24016,7 @@ system: as, <b>com-primō</b>, &c.</p> <p class = "fifth">Compounds usually have <b>e</b> for <b>a</b> throughout: as, <b>cōn-spergō</b>, &c.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>trūdō</b>, <i>shove</i></td> <td><b>trūdere</b></td> @@ -24040,12 +24031,12 @@ throughout: as, <b>cōn-spergō</b>, &c.</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec959" id = "sec959" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec959" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">959.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-sc<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>algēscō</b>, <i>get cold</i></td> <td><b>algēscere</b></td> @@ -24069,7 +24060,7 @@ throughout: as, <b>cōn-spergō</b>, &c.</p> <p class = "fifth">Sometimes in the present system <b>lūcīscō</b>, <b>lūcīscere</b>, &c.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>frīgēscō</b>, <i>grow cold</i></td> <td><b>frīgēscere</b></td> @@ -24087,12 +24078,12 @@ throughout: as, <b>cōn-spergō</b>, &c.</p> <p class = "fifth">In composition, also <b>re-vīvīscō</b>, <b>re-vīvīscere</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec960" id = "sec960" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec960" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">960.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-t<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec835">835</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>flectō</b>, <i>turn</i></td> <td><b>flectere</b></td> @@ -24110,7 +24101,7 @@ throughout: as, <b>cōn-spergō</b>, &c.</p> <p class = "fifth">Perfect system rare: <b>nexit</b> (Lucil., Acc.); <b>nexuit</b>, <b>ad-nexuerant</b> (Sall.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pectō</b>, <i>comb</i></td> <td><b>pectere</b></td> @@ -24119,12 +24110,12 @@ throughout: as, <b>cōn-spergō</b>, &c.</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec961" id = "sec961" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec961" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">961.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec836">836</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>quatiō</b>, <i>shake</i></td> <td><b>quatere</b></td> @@ -24140,19 +24131,19 @@ throughout: as, <b>cōn-spergō</b>, &c.</p> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-v-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec962" id = "sec962" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec962" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">962.</a></b> (2 <i>a</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b>, preceded by a long vowel of the root (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec963" id = "sec963" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec963" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">963.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>terō</b>, <i>rub</i></td> <td><b>terere</b></td> @@ -24164,12 +24155,12 @@ class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">Perfect infinitive once in pentameter verse (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>) <b>at-teruisse</b> (Tib.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec964" id = "sec964" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec964" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">964.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-n<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec833">833</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cernō</b>, <i>sift</i>, <i>separate</i>, <i>see</i></td> <td><b>cernere</b></td> @@ -24187,7 +24178,7 @@ class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">In the present system some forms in <b>-īre</b> are used by late writers.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sinō</b>, <i>leave</i>, <i>let</i></td> <td><b>sinere</b></td> @@ -24211,7 +24202,7 @@ oftener without <b class = "locked">-v-</b>: as, <b>dē-siī</b> (Sen.), &c., see <a href = "#sec893">893</a>; for <b>pōnō</b>, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>spernō</b>, <i>spurn</i></td> <td><b>spernere</b></td> @@ -24226,14 +24217,14 @@ oftener without <b class = "locked">-v-</b>: as, <b>dē-siī</b> (Sen.), </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page166" id = "page166"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page166"> 166</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec965" id = "sec965" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec965" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">965.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-sc<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>crēscō</b>, <i>grow</i></td> <td><b>crēscere</b></td> @@ -24257,7 +24248,7 @@ oftener without <b class = "locked">-v-</b>: as, <b>dē-siī</b> (Sen.), "smallroman">GNOSCIER</span> (inscr. 186 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pāscō</b>, <i>feed</i></td> <td><b>pāscere</b></td> @@ -24272,19 +24263,19 @@ oftener without <b class = "locked">-v-</b>: as, <b>dē-siī</b> (Sen.), </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec966" id = "sec966" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec966" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">966.</a></b> (2 <i>b</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b>, preceded by the long vowel of a presumed denominative stem (<a href = "#sec870">870</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec967" id = "sec967" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec967" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">967.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>petō</b>, <i>aim at</i></td> <td><b>petere</b></td> @@ -24300,7 +24291,7 @@ Liv., Val. Fl., Plin. <i>Ep.</i>), <span class = "correction" title = ". missing">(Verg.</ins>, Ov., Phaedr., Sen., Luc., Suet.), <b>petiisse</b> (Verg., Hor., Ov., Val. Fl., Stat.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>quaerō</b>, <i>inquire</i></td> <td><b>quaerere</b></td> @@ -24313,12 +24304,12 @@ Suet.), <b>petiisse</b> (Verg., Hor., Ov., Val. Fl., Stat.).</p> but usually have <b>ī</b> for <b>ae</b> throughout: as, <b>con-quīrō</b>, <b>con-quīrere</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec968" id = "sec968" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec968" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">968.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-sc<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ab-olēscō</b>, <i>vanish away</i></td> <td><b>ab-olēscere</b></td> @@ -24387,12 +24378,12 @@ but usually have <b>ī</b> for <b>ae</b> throughout: as, </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec969" id = "sec969" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec969" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">969.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec836">836</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cupiō</b>, <i>want</i></td> <td><b>cupere</b></td> @@ -24404,7 +24395,7 @@ but usually have <b>ī</b> for <b>ae</b> throughout: as, <p class = "fifth">Once with a form in <b>-īre</b> (<a href = "#sec791">791</a>), <b>cupīret</b> (Lucr.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sapiō</b>, <i>have a smack</i></td> <td><b>sapere</b></td> @@ -24416,12 +24407,12 @@ but usually have <b>ī</b> for <b>ae</b> throughout: as, <p class = "fifth">Compounds have <b>i</b> for <b>a</b>: as, <b>re-sipiō</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec970" id = "sec970" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec970" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">970.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-ss<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec375">375</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ar-cēssō</b>, <i>send for</i></td> <td><b>ar-cēssere</b></td> @@ -24433,7 +24424,7 @@ but usually have <b>ī</b> for <b>ae</b> throughout: as, <p class = "fifth">Sometimes <b>ac-cersō</b>, &c.; infinitive rarely <b>ar-cēssīrī</b> or <b>ac-cersīrī</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>capēssō</b>, <i>undertake</i></td> <td><b>capēssere</b></td> @@ -24451,7 +24442,7 @@ but usually have <b>ī</b> for <b>ae</b> throughout: as, <p class = "fifth">Perfect system rare: <b>facēssierīs</b> or <b>facēsserīs</b> (Cic.), <b>facēssīsset</b> (Tac.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>in-cēssō</b>, <i>attack</i></td> <td><b>in-cēssere</b></td> @@ -24467,11 +24458,11 @@ but usually have <b>ī</b> for <b>ae</b> throughout: as, </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page167" id = "page167"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page167"> 167</a></span> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-u-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec971" id = "sec971" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec971" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">971.</a></b> (3.) The following verbs in <b>-ere</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-u-</b> (<a href = "#sec873">873</a>), and the perfect @@ -24480,13 +24471,13 @@ participles <b class = "locked">-tus</b> is preceded by a short <b>i</b>, thus, <b class = "locked">-itus</b> (<a href = "#sec910">910</a>):</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec972" id = "sec972" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec972" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">972.</a></b> (<i><ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">a.</ins></i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>alō</b>, <i>bring up</i></td> <td><b>alere</b></td> @@ -24511,7 +24502,7 @@ the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec924">924</a>, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>). See also <b>oc-cinō</b> and <b>prae-cinō</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cōn-sulō</b>, <i>consult</i></td> <td><b>cōn-sulere</b></td> @@ -24553,7 +24544,7 @@ and <b>prae-cinō</b>.</p> <p class = "fifth">Once with reduplication, <b>oc-cecinerit</b> (Liv.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>oc-culō</b>, <i>hide</i></td> <td><b>oc-culere</b></td> @@ -24575,7 +24566,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘pīnsībart’">pīnsībant</ins></b> (Enn.). Perfect onc <b>pīsiērunt</b> (Varr.). Perfect participle often <b>pīnsītus</b> (Col.), once <b>pīnsus</b> (Vitr.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pōnō</b>, <i>place</i></td> <td><b>pōnere</b></td> @@ -24591,7 +24582,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘pīnsībart’">pīnsībant</ins></b> (Enn.). Perfect onc <b>po-stus</b>, <b class = "locked">-po-stus</b>; inf. <b>inposīsse</b> (Plaut.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>prae-cinō</b>, <i>play before</i></td> <td><b>prae-cinere</b></td> @@ -24636,12 +24627,12 @@ title = "text reads ‘pīnsībart’">pīnsībant</ins></b> (Enn.). Perfect onc </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec973" id = "sec973" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec973" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">973.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With reduplication and <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> in the present stem (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>gignō</b>, <i>beget</i></td> <td><b>gignere</b></td> @@ -24653,12 +24644,12 @@ the present stem (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> <p class = "fifth">Present sometimes also without reduplication, <b>genit</b>, &c. (Varr., Lucr.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec974" id = "sec974" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec974" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">974.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ac-cumbō</b>, <i>lie by</i></td> <td><b>ac-cumbere</b></td> @@ -24672,12 +24663,12 @@ the present stem (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> <b>ob</b>, <b>prō</b>, <b>re-</b>, and <b>sub</b>, have <b class = "locked">-cubuī</b>, <b>——</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec975" id = "sec975" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec975" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">975.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec836">836</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ē-liciō</b>, <i>coax out</i></td> <td><b>ē-licere</b></td> @@ -24701,16 +24692,16 @@ are: <b>surpuit</b>, <b>surpuerit</b> (Plaut.), <b>surpit</b> (Plaut. prol.), <b>surpere</b> (Lucr.), <b>surpite</b>, <b>surpuerat</b> (Hor.). For <b>sub-repsit</b> (Plaut.), see <a href = "#sec887">887</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page168" id = "page168"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page168"> 168</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec976" id = "sec976" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec976" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">976.</a></b> (<i>e.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-sc<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec835">835</a>); for <b>com-pēscuī</b>, see <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">855.</ins></p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>acēscō</b>, <i>get sour</i></td> <td><b>acēscere</b></td> @@ -24770,7 +24761,7 @@ title = ". missing">855.</ins></p> <p class = "fifth">Also in the present system, <b>con-ticīscō</b>, <b>con-ticīscere</b>, &c.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>crēbrēscō</b>, <i>get common</i></td> <td><b>crēbrēscere</b></td> @@ -24932,7 +24923,7 @@ title = ". missing">855.</ins></p> <p class = "fifth">Also <b>op-stipēscō</b> or <b>ob-stipēscō</b>, <b>op-stipuī</b> or <b>ob-stipuī</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>tābēscō</b>, <i>waste away</i></td> <td><b>tābēscere</b></td> @@ -24968,7 +24959,7 @@ title = ". missing">855.</ins></p> <p class = "fifth">Also in the present system, <b>con-tremīscō</b>, <b>con-tremīscere</b>, &c.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>tumēscō</b>, <i>swell up</i></td> <td><b>tumēscere</b></td> @@ -24990,23 +24981,23 @@ title = ". missing">855.</ins></p> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page169" id = "page169"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page169"> 169</a></span> <p class = "header size8">DEPONENTS IN <b>-ī</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec977" id = "sec977" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec977" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">977.</a></b> (1.) The following deponents in <b>-ī</b> have the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>, except <b>morior</b>, which has <b class = "locked">-tuus</b>:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec978" id = "sec978" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec978" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">978.</a></b> (<i>a</i><ins class = "correction" title = "text has ).">.) </ins>With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fruor</b>, <i>enjoy</i></td> <td><b>fruī</b></td> @@ -25029,12 +25020,12 @@ the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec979" id = "sec979" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec979" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">979.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec831">831</a>).</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fungor</b>, <i>get quit</i></td> <td><b>fungī</b></td> @@ -25042,12 +25033,12 @@ the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec980" id = "sec980" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec980" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">980.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-sc<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>).</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>apīscor</b>, <i>lay hold of</i></td> <td><b>apīscī</b></td> @@ -25058,7 +25049,7 @@ the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = <p class = "fifth">Compounds have <b>i</b> and <b>e</b> for <b>a</b>: as, <b>ad-ipīscor</b>, <b>ad-ipīscī</b>, <b>ad-eptus</b>.</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>com-minīscor</b>, <i>devise</i></td> <td><b>com-minīscī</b></td> @@ -25074,7 +25065,7 @@ as, <b>ad-ipīscor</b>, <b>ad-ipīscī</b>, <b>ad-eptus</b>.</p> <p class = "fifth">Perfect participle rarely <b>ex-pergitus</b> (Lucil., Lucr.).</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>nancīscor</b>, <i>get</i></td> <td><b>nancīscī</b></td> @@ -25100,7 +25091,7 @@ Lucr.).</p> <p class = "fifth">Compounds: <b>dē-pecīscor</b>, <b>dē-pecīscī</b>, <b>dē-pectus</b>; <b>com-pectus</b>.</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pro-ficīscor</b>, <i>start on</i></td> <td><b>pro-ficīscī</b></td> @@ -25113,12 +25104,12 @@ Lucr.).</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec981" id = "sec981" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec981" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">981.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec836">836</a>).</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>morior</b>, <i>die</i></td> <td><b>morī</b></td> @@ -25140,17 +25131,17 @@ Lucr.).</p> <a href = "#sec791">791</a>. For <b>potīrī</b>, twice <b>potī</b> (Enn., Pac.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec982" id = "sec982" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec982" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">982.</a></b> (2.) The following deponents in <b>-ī</b> have the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec983" id = "sec983" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec983" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">983.</a></b> (<i>a.</i>) With the present stem in <b><sup>-o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec829">829</a>).</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>lābor</b>, <i>tumble down</i></td> <td><b>lābī</b></td> @@ -25168,12 +25159,12 @@ Pac.).</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec984" id = "sec984" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec984" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">984.</a></b> (<i>b.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-sc<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>).</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>dē-fetīscor</b>, <i>get tired out</i></td> <td><b>dē-fetīscī</b></td> @@ -25181,12 +25172,12 @@ Pac.).</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec985" id = "sec985" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec985" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">985.</a></b> (<i>c.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-t<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec835">835</a>).</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>am-plector</b>, <i>hug round</i></td> <td><b>am-plectī</b></td> @@ -25199,12 +25190,12 @@ Pac.).</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec986" id = "sec986" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec986" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">986.</a></b> (<i>d.</i>) With the present stem in <b>-i<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec836">836</a>).</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>gradior</b>, <i>step</i></td> <td><b>gradī</b></td> @@ -25223,19 +25214,19 @@ for forms of <b class = "locked">-gredior</b> in <b class = "locked">-īrī</b>, see <a href = "#sec791">791</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page170" id = "page170"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page170"> 170</a></span> -<h6><a name = "verb_list_denom" id = "verb_list_denom" href = +<h6><a id = "verb_list_denom" href = "#verb_list">II. Denominative Verbs.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec987" id = "sec987" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec987" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">987.</a></b> Most verbs in <b>-āre</b>, <b>-ēre</b>, and <b>-īre</b> (or in <b class = "locked">-ārī</b>, <b class = "locked">-ērī</b>, and <b class = "locked">-īrī</b>), are denominatives.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec988" id = "sec988" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec988" href = "#verb_list_prim2_svu">988.</a></b> Some primitives from vowel roots have the form of denominatives in the present system, or throughout; and some verbs with a denominative @@ -25243,19 +25234,19 @@ present system have the perfect and perfect participle formed directly from a root.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verb_list_denom1" id = "verb_list_denom1" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verb_list_denom1" href = "#verb_list_denom">(1.) VERBS IN <b>-āre</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "verb_list_denom1_without" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "verb_list_denom1_without" href = "#verb_list_denom1">(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec989" id = "sec989" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec989" href = "#verb_list_denom1_without">989.</a></b> (1.) The following verb in <b>-āre</b> has a reduplicated perfect stem (<a href = "#sec859">859</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>stō</b>, <i>stand</i></td> <td><b>stāre</b></td> @@ -25268,14 +25259,14 @@ WITHOUT A SUFFIX.</a></p> The compound <b>prae-stō</b> has rarely the perfect participle <b>prae-stātus</b> (Brut., Plin.), and <b>prae-stitus</b> (Liv.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec990" id = "sec990" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec990" href = "#verb_list_denom1_without">990.</a></b> (2.) The following verbs in <b>-āre</b> have a perfect stem consisting of a root which ends in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> and has a long vowel (<a href = "#sec864">864</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>iuvō</b>, <i>help</i></td> <td><b>iuvāre</b></td> @@ -25290,7 +25281,7 @@ Plaut., and <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">Ter.</ins>; see <a href = "#sec891">891</a>. Perfect participle usual only in the compound <b>ad-iūtus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>lavō</b>, <i>bathe</i></td> <td><b>lavāre</b></td> @@ -25308,20 +25299,20 @@ tense (<a href = "#sec820">820</a>): <b>lavis</b> (Plaut., Hor.), <b>lavātum</b>.</p> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "verb_list_denom1_vu" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "verb_list_denom1_vu" href = "#verb_list_denom1">(B.) PERFECT STEM IN <b>-v-</b> OR <b>-u-</b>.</a></p> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-v-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec991" id = "sec991" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec991" href = "#verb_list_denom1_vu">991.</a></b> (1 <i>a</i>.) Two verbs in <b>-āre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>, both preceded by a long <b class = "locked">-ā-</b> of the root:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>flō</b>, <i>blow</i></td> <td><b>flāre</b></td> @@ -25336,14 +25327,14 @@ a long <b class = "locked">-ā-</b> of the root:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec992" id = "sec992" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec992" href = "#verb_list_denom1_vu">992.</a></b> (1 <i>b</i>.) Most verbs in <b>-āre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>, both preceded by a form of the present stem in long <b class = "locked">-ā-</b>: as,</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>laudō</b>, <i>praise</i></td> <td><b>laudāre</b></td> @@ -25371,11 +25362,11 @@ the present stem in long <b class = "locked">-ā-</b>: as,</p> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page171" id = "page171"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page171"> 171</a></span> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-u-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec993" id = "sec993" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec993" href = "#verb_list_denom1_vu">993.</a></b> (2.) The following verbs in <b>-āre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-u</b> (<a href = "#sec874">874</a>), and the perfect @@ -25384,7 +25375,7 @@ participles, <b class = "locked">-tus</b> is preceded by a short <b>i</b>, thus, <b class = "locked">-itus</b> (<a href = "#sec910">910</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>crepō</b>, <i>rattle</i></td> <td><b>crepāre</b></td> @@ -25397,7 +25388,7 @@ participles, <b class = "locked">-tus</b> is preceded by a short "#sec823">823</a>) are: <b>in-crepāvit</b> (Plaut.), <b>dis-crepāvit</b> (Varr.), <b>in-crepārit</b> (Suet.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cubō</b>, <i>lie</i></td> <td><b>cubāre</b></td> @@ -25411,7 +25402,7 @@ participles, <b class = "locked">-tus</b> is preceded by a short (Prop.), <b>in-cubāvēre</b> (Plin.), <b>cubāsse</b> (Quintil.). Compound perfect participle <b>in-cubitus</b> (Plin.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>domō</b>, <i>tame</i></td> <td><b>domāre</b></td> @@ -25433,7 +25424,7 @@ twice <b>necuit</b> (Enn., Phaedr.). <b>ē-necō</b> sometimes has "#sec887">887</a>) <b>ē-nicāssō</b> (Plaut.); perfect participle also <b>ē-necātus</b> (Plin.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fricō</b>, <i>rub down</i></td> <td><b>fricāre</b></td> @@ -25447,7 +25438,7 @@ twice <b>necuit</b> (Enn., Phaedr.). <b>ē-necō</b> sometimes has Plin.), <b>īn-fricātus</b> (Col., Plin.), <b>per-fricātus</b> (Vitr., Plin.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>micō</b>, <i>quiver</i></td> <td><b>micāre</b></td> @@ -25460,7 +25451,7 @@ Plin.).</p> <b>dī-micāvī</b>, <b>dī-micātum</b>; twice in pentameter verse (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>) <b>dī-micuisse</b> (Ov.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>-plicō</b>, <i>fold</i></td> <td><b>-plicāre</b></td> @@ -25479,7 +25470,7 @@ occur. In the perfect and perfect participle usually <b class = <b>ex-plicitus</b> (Caes., Sen., Plin. <i>Ep.</i>), <b>im-plicitus</b> (Plaut., Cic., Liv.); once <b>re-plictus</b> (Stat.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>secō</b>, <i>cut</i></td> <td><b>secāre</b></td> @@ -25492,7 +25483,7 @@ occur. In the perfect and perfect participle usually <b class = for <b>e</b>; once (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>) <b>exicāveris</b> (Cato).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sonō</b>, <i>sound</i></td> <td><b>sonāre</b></td> @@ -25507,7 +25498,7 @@ for <b>e</b>; once (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>) <b>exicāveris</b> <b>re-sonārint</b> (Hor.), <b>re-sonāvit</b> (Man.), <b>sonātūrus</b> <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">(Hor.).</ins></p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>tonō</b>, <i>thunder</i></td> <td><b>tonāre</b></td> @@ -25519,7 +25510,7 @@ for <b>e</b>; once (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>) <b>exicāveris</b> <p class = "fifth">Once (<a href = "#sec820">820</a>) <b>tonimus</b> (Varr.). Perfect participle once <b>in-tonātus</b> (Hor.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>vetō</b>, <i>forbid</i></td> <td><b>vetāre</b></td> @@ -25535,12 +25526,12 @@ for <b>e</b>; once (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>) <b>exicāveris</b> <p class = "header size8">DEPONENTS IN <b>-ārī</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec994" id = "sec994" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec994" href = "#verb_list_denom1_vu">994.</a></b> There are many deponents in <b>-ārī</b>, with the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-ātus</b>: as,</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>hortor</b>, <i>exhort</i></td> <td><b>hortārī</b></td> @@ -25552,22 +25543,22 @@ There are many deponents in <b>-ārī</b>, with the perfect participle in compounds, see the dictionary.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page172" id = "page172"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page172"> 172</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verb_list_denom2" id = "verb_list_denom2" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verb_list_denom2" href = "#verb_list_denom">(2.) VERBS IN <b>-ēre</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "verb_list_denom2_without" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "verb_list_denom2_without" href = "#verb_list_denom2">(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec995" id = "sec995" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec995" href = "#verb_list_denom2_without">995.</a></b> (1.) The following verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have a reduplicated perfect stem (<a href = "#sec859">859</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>mordeō</b>, <i>bite</i></td> <td><b>mordēre</b></td> @@ -25579,7 +25570,7 @@ WITHOUT A SUFFIX.</a></p> <p class = "fifth">The compound <b>prae-mordeō</b> has once (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>) <b>prae-morsisset</b> (Plaut.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>pendeō</b>, <i>am hung</i></td> <td><b>pendēre</b></td> @@ -25591,7 +25582,7 @@ WITHOUT A SUFFIX.</a></p> <p class = "fifth">The compound <b>prō-pendeō</b> has the perfect participle <b>prō-pēnsus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>spondeō</b>, <i>covenant</i></td> <td><b>spondēre</b></td> @@ -25603,7 +25594,7 @@ participle <b>prō-pēnsus</b>.</p> <p class = "fifth">For <b>dē-spondī</b> and <b>re-spondī</b>, see <a href = "#sec860">860</a>; rarely <b>dē-spopondī</b> (Plaut.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>tondeō</b>, <i>shear</i></td> <td><b>tondēre</b></td> @@ -25617,14 +25608,14 @@ participle <b>prō-pēnsus</b>.</p> <b>dē-tondī</b> (<a href = "#sec860">860</a>); once <b>dē-totonderat</b> (Varr.), and perhaps <b>dē-totondit</b> (Enn.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec996" id = "sec996" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec996" href = "#verb_list_denom2_without">996.</a></b> (2 <i>a</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have a perfect stem consisting of a root which ends in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> and has a long vowel (<a href = "#sec864">864</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>caveō</b>, <i>look out</i></td> <td><b>cavēre</b></td> @@ -25654,7 +25645,7 @@ when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">For short forms in the perfect system, particularly in compounds, see <a href = "#sec891">891</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>voveō</b>, <i>vow</i></td> <td><b>vovēre</b></td> @@ -25663,14 +25654,14 @@ in compounds, see <a href = "#sec891">891</a>.</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec997" id = "sec997" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec997" href = "#verb_list_denom2_without">997.</a></b> (2 <i>b</i>.) Three verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (<a href = "#sec864">864</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sedeō</b>, <i>sit</i></td> <td><b>sedēre</b></td> @@ -25683,7 +25674,7 @@ the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = present system: as, <b>ob-sideō</b>, &c. Compounds with <b>dis-</b>, <b>prae</b>, and <b>re-</b> have no perfect participle.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>strīdeō</b>, <i>grate</i></td> <td><b>strīdēre</b></td> @@ -25695,7 +25686,7 @@ present system: as, <b>ob-sideō</b>, &c. Compounds with <b>dis-</b>, <p class = "fifth">Often with a present system in <b>-ere</b> (<a href = "#sec821">821</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>videō</b>, <i>see</i></td> <td><b>vidēre</b></td> @@ -25704,14 +25695,14 @@ present system: as, <b>ob-sideō</b>, &c. Compounds with <b>dis-</b>, </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec998" id = "sec998" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec998" href = "#verb_list_denom2_without">998.</a></b> (3.) The following verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have a perfect stem ending in two consonants (<a href = "#sec866">866</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ferveō</b>, <i>boil</i></td> <td><b>fervēre</b></td> @@ -25723,7 +25714,7 @@ participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = <p class = "fifth">Sometimes with forms in <b>-ere</b> (<a href = "#sec821">821</a>) in verse. The perfect system is rare.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>prandeō</b>, <i>lunch</i></td> <td><b>prandēre</b></td> @@ -25733,22 +25724,22 @@ participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = </table> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "verb_list_denom2_svu" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "verb_list_denom2_svu" href = "#verb_list_denom2">(B.) PERFECT STEM IN <b>-s-</b>, OR IN <b>-v-</b> OR <b>-u-</b>.</a></p> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-s-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec999" id = "sec999" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec999" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">999.</a></b> (1 <i>a</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-s-</b> (<a href = "#sec868">868</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page173" id = "page173"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page173"> 173</a></span> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>augeō</b>, <i>increase</i></td> <td><b>augēre</b></td> @@ -25782,14 +25773,14 @@ title = "text reads ‘lūgeo’">lūgeō</ins></b>, <i>mourn</i></td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1000" id = "sec1000" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1000" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1000.</a></b> (1 <i>b</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-s-</b> (<a href = "#sec868">868</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>algeō</b>, <i>feel cold</i></td> <td><b>algēre</b></td> @@ -25813,7 +25804,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href <p class = "fifth">The perfects <b>cō-nīxī</b> (Turp.), <b>cō-nīvī</b> (Crass.), occur once each.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fulgeō</b>, <i>flash</i></td> <td><b>fulgēre</b></td> @@ -25827,7 +25818,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href <b>fulgere</b> (Pac., Acc., Lucil., Lucr., Verg.); <b>ef-fulgere</b> (Verg., Claud.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>haereō</b>, <i>stick</i></td> <td><b>haerēre</b></td> @@ -25847,7 +25838,7 @@ perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href "smallroman">IOVSI</span> (<span class = "smallroman">IVSI</span>); later <b>iussī</b>, <b>iussus</b>, after <b>iubeō</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>maneō</b>, <i>stay</i></td> <td><b>manēre</b></td> @@ -25865,7 +25856,7 @@ later <b>iussī</b>, <b>iussus</b>, after <b>iubeō</b>.</p> <p class = "fifth">Perfect participle <b>per-mulsus</b> rare (Cornif., Varr.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>mulgeō</b>, <i>milk</i></td> <td><b>mulgēre</b></td> @@ -25896,7 +25887,7 @@ Varr.).</p> <b>tergit</b>, &c. (Varr., Prop., Stat., Col.), see <a href = "#sec821">821</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>turgeō</b>, <i>am swelling</i></td> <td><b>turgēre</b></td> @@ -25907,7 +25898,7 @@ Varr.).</p> <p class = "fifth">Of the perfect system, <b>turserat</b> (Enn.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>urgeō</b>, <i>push</i></td> <td><b>urgēre</b></td> @@ -25922,14 +25913,14 @@ Varr.).</p> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-v-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1001" id = "sec1001" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1001" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1001.</a></b> (1 <i>a</i>.) The following verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>, both preceded by a long <b class = "locked">-ē-</b> of the root:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>dē-leō</b>, <i>wipe out</i></td> <td><b>dē-lēre</b></td> @@ -25953,7 +25944,7 @@ long <b class = "locked">-ē-</b> of the root:</p> <p class = "fifth">For <b>neunt</b> (Tib.), see <a href = "#sec837">837</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>-pleō</b>, <i>fill</i></td> <td><b>-plēre</b></td> @@ -25962,9 +25953,9 @@ long <b class = "locked">-ē-</b> of the root:</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page174" id = "page174"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page174"> 174</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1002" id = "sec1002" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1002" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1002.</a></b> (1 <i>b</i>.) The following verb in <b>-ēre</b> has the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>), preceded by @@ -25972,7 +25963,7 @@ long <b class = "locked">-ī-</b>, and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>, preceded by short <b class = "locked">-i-</b> of the root:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cieō</b>, <i>set a going</i></td> <td><b>ciēre</b></td> @@ -25985,14 +25976,14 @@ the root:</p> (<a href = "#sec821">821</a>). For the perfect participle of compounds, see <a href = "#sec919">919</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1003" id = "sec1003" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1003" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1003.</a></b> (1 <i>c</i>.) The following verb in <b>-ēre</b> has the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-itus</b> (<a href = "#sec910">910</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ab-oleō</b>, <i>destroy</i></td> <td><b>ab-olēre</b></td> @@ -26004,14 +25995,14 @@ perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-itus</b> (<a href = <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-u-</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1004" id = "sec1004" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1004" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1004.</a></b> (2 <i>a</i>.) Most verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-u-</b> (<a href = "#sec874">874</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>, which is usually preceded by a short <b>i</b> (<a href = "#sec910">910</a>): as,</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>doceō</b>, <i>teach</i></td> <td><b>docēre</b></td> @@ -26035,7 +26026,7 @@ Plautus once <ins class = "correction" title = "text unchanged: expected for ‘dē-’"><b>de-hibuistī</b></ins>, and regularly <b>prae-hibeō</b>, &c., throughout.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>mereō</b>, <i>earn</i></td> <td><b>merēre</b></td> @@ -26047,7 +26038,7 @@ title = "text unchanged: expected for ‘dē-’"><b>de-hibuistī</b></ins>, and <p class = "fifth">Often deponent (<a href = "#sec800">800</a>): <b>mereor</b>, <b>merērī</b>, <b>meritus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>misceō</b>, <i>mix</i></td> <td><b>miscēre</b></td> @@ -26060,7 +26051,7 @@ title = "text unchanged: expected for ‘dē-’"><b>de-hibuistī</b></ins>, and <b>-sc<sup>o</sup>|<sub>e-</sub></b> (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>); <b class = "locked">-sc-</b> of the present runs over into the perfect.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>moneō</b>, <i>advise</i></td> <td><b>monēre</b></td> @@ -26079,7 +26070,7 @@ class = "locked">-sc-</b> of the present runs over into the perfect.</p> <b>per-placeō</b>; <b>dis-pliceō</b> has <b>i</b> for <b>a</b> throughout.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>taceō</b>, <i>hold my tongue</i></td> <td><b>tacēre</b></td> @@ -26091,7 +26082,7 @@ throughout.</p> <p class = "fifth">The compound <b>re-ticeō</b> has <b>i</b> for <b>a</b> and no perfect participle.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>teneō</b>, <i>hold</i></td> <td><b>tenēre</b></td> @@ -26103,7 +26094,7 @@ throughout.</p> <p class = "fifth">Compounds have <b>i</b> for <b>e</b> in the present and perfect: as, <b>dē-tineō</b>, <b>dē-tinuī</b>, <b>dē-tentus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>terreō</b>, <i>scare</i></td> <td><b>terrēre</b></td> @@ -26118,14 +26109,14 @@ and perfect: as, <b>dē-tineō</b>, <b>dē-tinuī</b>, <b>dē-tentus</b>.</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1005" id = "sec1005" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1005" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1005.</a></b> (2 <i>b</i>.) The following verb in <b>-ēre</b> has the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-u-</b> (<a href = "#sec874">874</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>cēnseō</b>, <i>count</i>, <i>rate</i></td> <td><b>cēnsēre</b></td> @@ -26134,15 +26125,15 @@ perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page175" id = "page175"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page175"> 175</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1006" id = "sec1006" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1006" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1006.</a></b> (3.) The following verbs in <b>-ēre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-u-</b> (<a href = "#sec874">874</a>), and no perfect participle (<a href = "#sec907">907</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>arceō</b>, <i>check</i></td> <td><b>arcēre</b></td> @@ -26155,7 +26146,7 @@ participle (<a href = "#sec907">907</a>):</p> have <b>e</b> for <b>a</b>, and perfect participles <b>co-ercitus</b> and <b>ex-ercitus</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>caleō</b>, <i>am warm</i></td> <td><b>calēre</b></td> @@ -26191,7 +26182,7 @@ and <b>ex-ercitus</b>.</p> <p class = "fifth">The compound <b>ind-igeō</b>, <b>ind-igēre</b>, <b>ind-iguī</b>, <b>——</b>, has <b>i</b> for <b>e</b>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ē-mineō</b>, <i>stick out</i></td> <td><b>ē-minēre</b></td> @@ -26263,7 +26254,7 @@ and <b>ex-ercitus</b>.</p> <p class = "fifth">For forms in <b>-ere</b> in the present system, see <a href = "#sec821">821</a>.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>palleō</b>, <i>look pale</i></td> <td><b>pallēre</b></td> @@ -26309,7 +26300,7 @@ and <b>ex-ercitus</b>.</p> "correction" title = "macron invisible"><b>ab-sorpsī</b></ins> (Plin., Luc., Macr.), <b>ex-sorpsī</b> (Sen.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>studeō</b>, <i>am eager</i></td> <td><b>studēre</b></td> @@ -26342,7 +26333,7 @@ Luc., Macr.), <b>ex-sorpsī</b> (Sen.).</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1007" id = "sec1007" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1007" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1007.</a></b> For <b>audeō</b>, <b>gaudeō</b>, and <b>soleō</b>, see <a href = "#sec801">801</a>; for <b>lubet</b> or <b>libet</b>, <b>licet</b>, @@ -26353,12 +26344,12 @@ For <b>audeō</b>, <b>gaudeō</b>, and <b>soleō</b>, see <a href = <p class = "header size8">DEPONENTS IN <b>-ērī</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1008" id = "sec1008" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1008" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1008.</a></b> (1 <i>a</i>.) The following deponent in <b>-ērī</b> has the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>reor</b>, <i>reckon</i>, <i>think</i></td> <td><b>rērī</b></td> @@ -26366,15 +26357,15 @@ participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page176" id = "page176"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page176"> 176</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1009" id = "sec1009" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1009" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1009.</a></b> (1 <i>b</i>.) The following deponents in <b>-ērī</b> have the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>, which is preceded by a short <b>i</b> (<a href = "#sec910">910</a>):</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>liceor</b>, <i>bid</i></td> <td><b>licērī</b></td> @@ -26393,7 +26384,7 @@ Sen., Curt.). Active forms are: <b>miserēte</b>, <b>miserērent</b> (Val. Fl.). Passive forms are sometimes used impersonally (<a href = "#sec724">724</a>): as, <b>miserētur</b>, &c.</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>tueor</b>, <i>look to</i>, <i>protect</i></td> <td><b>tuērī</b></td> @@ -26404,7 +26395,7 @@ Sen., Curt.). Active forms are: <b>miserēte</b>, <b>miserērent</b> <p class = "fifth">Forms in <b>-ī</b> also occur in verse (<a href = "#sec821">821</a>). As perfect participle, generally <b>tūtātus</b>.</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>vereor</b>, <i>am awed at</i></td> <td><b>verērī</b></td> @@ -26412,12 +26403,12 @@ Sen., Curt.). Active forms are: <b>miserēte</b>, <b>miserērent</b> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1010" id = "sec1010" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1010" href = "#verb_list_denom2_svu">1010.</a></b> (2.) One deponent in <b>-ērī</b> has the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fateor</b>, <i>confess</i></td> <td><b>fatērī</b></td> @@ -26429,21 +26420,21 @@ Sen., Curt.). Active forms are: <b>miserēte</b>, <b>miserērent</b> as, <b>cōn-fiteor</b>, <b>cōn-fessus</b>.</p> -<p class = "header topline"><a name = "verb_list_denom3" id = +<p class = "header topline"><a id = "verb_list_denom3" href = "#verb_list_denom">(3.) VERBS IN <b>-īre</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "verb_list_denom3_without" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "verb_list_denom3_without" href = "#verb_list_denom3">(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1011" id = "sec1011" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1011" href = "#verb_list_denom3_without">1011.</a></b> (1 <i>a</i>.) The following verb in <b>-īre</b> has a reduplicated perfect stem (<a href = "#sec861">861</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>re-periō</b>, <i>find</i></td> <td><b>re-perīre</b></td> @@ -26452,13 +26443,13 @@ in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1012" id = "sec1012" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1012" href = "#verb_list_denom3_without">1012.</a></b> (1 <i>b</i>.) The following verb in <b>-īre</b> has no reduplication in the perfect stem, and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>com-periō</b>, <i>find out</i></td> <td><b>com-perīre</b></td> @@ -26470,13 +26461,13 @@ the perfect stem, and the perfect participle in <b class = <p class = "fifth">As deponent: <b>com-periar</b> (Ter.), <b>com-perior</b> (Sall., Tac.).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1013" id = "sec1013" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1013" href = "#verb_list_denom3_without">1013.</a></b> (2.) The following verb in <b>-īre</b> has a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (<a href = "#sec862">862</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>veniō</b>, <i>come</i></td> <td><b>venīre</b></td> @@ -26489,19 +26480,19 @@ the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <b>ad-venat</b>, <b>per-venat</b>, see <a href = "#sec822">822</a>.</p> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "verb_list_denom3_svu" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "verb_list_denom3_svu" href = "#verb_list_denom3">(B.) PERFECT STEM IN <b>-s-</b>, OR IN <b>-v-</b> OR <b>-u-</b>.</a></p> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-s-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1014" id = "sec1014" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1014" href = "#verb_list_denom3_svu">1014.</a></b> (1.) The following verbs in <b>-īre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-s-</b> (<a href = "#sec868">868</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>farciō</b>, <i>stuff</i></td> <td><b>farcīre</b></td> @@ -26513,7 +26504,7 @@ participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">Compounds have usually <b>e</b> for <b>a</b> throughout.</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>fulciō</b>, <i>prop</i></td> <td><b>fulcīre</b></td> @@ -26531,9 +26522,9 @@ throughout.</p> <p class = "fifth">A perfect subjunctive <b>haurierint</b> is quoted from Varro (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page177" id = "page177"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page177"> 177</a></span> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>saepiō</b>, <i>hedge in</i></td> <td><b>saepīre</b></td> @@ -26552,7 +26543,7 @@ from Varro (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>).</p> Liv.). A pluperfect <b>sancierat</b> is quoted from Pomponius Secundus (<a href = "#sec823">823</a>).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sarciō</b>, <i>patch</i></td> <td><b>sarcīre</b></td> @@ -26567,14 +26558,14 @@ Liv.). A pluperfect <b>sancierat</b> is quoted from Pomponius Secundus </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1015" id = "sec1015" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1015" href = "#verb_list_denom3_svu">1015.</a></b> (2.) The following verb in <b>-īre</b> has the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-s-</b> (<a href = "#sec868">868</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sentiō</b>, <i>feel</i></td> <td><b>sentīre</b></td> @@ -26589,14 +26580,14 @@ href = "#sec800">800</a>).</p> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-v-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1016" id = "sec1016" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1016" href = "#verb_list_denom3_svu">1016.</a></b> (1 <i>a</i>.) The following verb in <b>-īre</b> has the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>, both preceded by a long <b>ī</b> of the root:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sciō</b>, <i>know</i></td> <td><b>scīre</b></td> @@ -26605,13 +26596,13 @@ long <b>ī</b> of the root:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1017" id = "sec1017" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1017" href = "#verb_list_denom3_svu">1017.</a></b> (1 <i>b</i>.) The following verb in <b>-īre</b> has the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>sepeliō</b>, <i>bury</i></td> <td><b>sepelīre</b></td> @@ -26620,14 +26611,14 @@ perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1018" id = "sec1018" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1018" href = "#verb_list_denom3_svu">1018.</a></b> (1 <i>c</i>.) Most verbs in <b>-īre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-v-</b> (<a href = "#sec869">869</a>), and the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>, both preceded by a form of the present stem in long <b class = "locked">-ī-</b>: as,</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>audiō</b>, <i>hear</i></td> <td><b>audīre</b></td> @@ -26639,13 +26630,13 @@ the present stem in long <b class = "locked">-ī-</b>: as,</p> <p class = "header size8">PERFECT STEM IN <b>-u-</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1019" id = "sec1019" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1019" href = "#verb_list_denom3_svu">1019.</a></b> (2.) The following verbs in <b>-īre</b> have the perfect stem in <b class = "locked">-u-</b> (<a href = "#sec874">874</a>), and the perfect participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>am-iciō</b>, <i>don</i></td> <td><b>am-icīre</b></td> @@ -26657,7 +26648,7 @@ participle, when used, in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">Perfect rare: once <b>am-icuī</b> (Brut.), once <b>am-ixī</b> (Varr.).</p> -<table class = "verblist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ap-eriō</b>, <i>open</i></td> <td><b>ap-erīre</b></td> @@ -26687,12 +26678,12 @@ Plin., &c.).</p> <p class = "header size8">DEPONENTS IN <b>-īrī</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1020" id = "sec1020" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1020" href = "#verb_list_denom3_svu">1020.</a></b> (1 <i>a</i>.) The following deponents in <b>-īrī</b> have the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>ex-perior</b>, <i>try</i></td> <td><b>ex-perīrī</b></td> @@ -26708,14 +26699,14 @@ participle in <b class = "locked">-tus</b>:</p> <p class = "fifth">Perfect participle once <b>op-perītus</b> (Plaut.).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page178" id = "page178"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page178"> 178</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1021" id = "sec1021" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1021" href = "#verb_list_denom3_svu">1021.</a></b> (1 <i>b</i>.) The following deponents in <b>-īrī</b> have the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-ītus</b>:</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>blandior</b>, <i>am agreeable</i></td> <td><b>blandīrī</b></td> @@ -26748,12 +26739,12 @@ participle in <b class = "locked">-ītus</b>:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1022" id = "sec1022" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1022" href = "#verb_list_denom3_svu">1022.</a></b> (2.) The following deponents in <b>-īrī</b> have the perfect participle in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> -<table class = "deplist"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td><b>mētior</b>, <i>measure</i></td> <td><b>mētīrī</b></td> @@ -26770,24 +26761,24 @@ in <b class = "locked">-sus</b> (<a href = "#sec912">912</a>):</p> <!-- end div verbs --> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page179" id = "page179"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page179"> 179</a></span> -<h2><a name = "sentences" id = "sentences" href = "#start">PART SECOND ❧ +<h2><a id = "sentences" href = "#start">PART SECOND ❧ SENTENCES</a></h2> -<h6><a name = "def_simple" id = "def_simple" href = "#sentences">The +<h6><a id = "def_simple" href = "#sentences">The Simple Sentence and its Parts.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1023" id = "sec1023" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1023" href = "#def_simple">1023.</a></b> A <span class = "smallcaps">Sentence</span> is a thought expressed by means of a verb. The <span class = "smallcaps">Subject</span> is that which is spoken of. The <span class = "smallcaps">Predicate</span> is that which is said of the subject.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1024" id = "sec1024" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1024" href = "#def_simple">1024.</a></b> A <span class = "smallcaps">Simple Sentence</span> is one which has only one subject and one predicate.</p> @@ -26796,31 +26787,31 @@ one subject and one predicate.</p> is a simple sentence: the subject is <b>Rhodanus</b> and the predicate is <b>fluit</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1025" id = "sec1025" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1025" href = "#def_simple">1025.</a></b> The sentence may be <i>declarative</i>, stating a fact, <i>exclamatory</i>, crying out about something, <i>interrogative</i>, asking a question, or <i>imperative</i>, giving a command.</p> -<h6><a name = "def_subject" id = "def_subject" href = "#sentences">The +<h6><a id = "def_subject" href = "#sentences">The Subject.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1026" id = "sec1026" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1026" href = "#def_subject">1026.</a></b> The subject is a substantive, or any word or words having the value of a substantive.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1027" id = "sec1027" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1027" href = "#def_subject">1027.</a></b> The subject of a verb is in the nominative case.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1028" id = "sec1028" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1028" href = "#def_subject">1028.</a></b> The subject may be expressed, or may be merely indicated by the person ending.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1029" id = "sec1029" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1029" href = "#def_subject">1029.</a></b> (1.) With the first or the second person, the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun (<b>ego tū</b>, <b>nōs vōs</b>) only when somewhat @@ -26828,14 +26819,14 @@ emphatic, or in an indignant question. Otherwise the verb of the first or second person is not attended by a personal pronoun: as, <b>eram</b>, <i>I was</i>, <b>erās</b>, <i>thou wert</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1030" id = "sec1030" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1030" href = "#def_subject">1030.</a></b> The subject is regularly omitted when it is general and indefinite, in the first person plural; as, <b>intellegimus</b>, <i>we understand</i>; and second person singular, as: <b>putārēs</b>, <i>you</i>, or <i>anybody would have thought</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1031" id = "sec1031" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1031" href = "#def_subject">1031.</a></b> The subject of the first or second person is sometimes a substantive, contrary to the English idiom: as, <b>Hannibal petō pācem</b>, <i>I @@ -26845,15 +26836,15 @@ ultor</b>, <i>from out our bones mayst some avenger spring</i>. <b>trecentī coniūrāvimus</b>, <i>three hundred of us have sworn an oath together</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page180" id = "page180"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page180"> 180</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1032" id = "sec1032" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1032" href = "#def_subject">1032.</a></b> (2.) With the third person the subject is regularly expressed, unless the general ‘he she it,’ or ‘they’ implied in the person ending is definite enough.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1033" id = "sec1033" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1033" href = "#def_subject">1033.</a></b> The third person plural often refers to people in general, particularly of verbs meaning <i>say</i>, <i>name</i> or <i>call</i>, <i>think</i>, @@ -26862,7 +26853,7 @@ and, with <b>volgō</b> added, of other verbs also: as, <b>ferunt</b>, singular verb <b>inquit</b>, is rarely used in the sense of <i>says somebody</i>, <i>it will be said</i>, or <i>quotha</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1034" id = "sec1034" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1034" href = "#def_subject">1034.</a></b> Some verbs have no subject at all in the third person singular; these are called <i>Impersonal</i>. Such are: a few verbs expressing @@ -26870,7 +26861,7 @@ are called <i>Impersonal</i>. Such are: a few verbs expressing used to denote merely the occurrence of action, without reference to any doer: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1034a" id = "sec1034a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1034a">a.</a></i>) <b>lūcet</b>, <i>it is light</i>, <b>lūcēscit</b>, <i>it is getting light</i>; <b>pluit</b>, <i>it rains</i>, <b>fulget</b>, <i>it lightens</i>, <b>tonat</b>, <i>it thunders</i>. @@ -26882,10 +26873,10 @@ lightens</i>, <b>tonat</b>, <i>it thunders</i>. fighting</i>. See also <a href = "#sec816">816</a>.</p> -<h6><a name = "def_predicate" id = "def_predicate" href = +<h6><a id = "def_predicate" href = "#sentences">The Predicate.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1035" id = "sec1035" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1035" href = "#def_predicate">1035.</a></b> The predicate is either a verb alone, or a verb of indeterminate meaning with a predicate nominative added to complete the sense.</p> @@ -26894,7 +26885,7 @@ with a predicate nominative added to complete the sense.</p> <i>am</i> (something), <i>become</i>, <i>remain</i>, <i>seem</i>, <i>am thought</i>, <i>am called</i> or <i>named</i>, <i>am chosen</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1036" id = "sec1036" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1036" href = "#def_predicate">1036.</a></b> The verb is sometimes omitted, when it is easily understood. So particularly such everyday verbs as mean <i>am</i>, <i>do</i>, @@ -26910,42 +26901,42 @@ mihī̆</b>, sc. <b>sit</b>, <i>be it well with me</i>, i.e. <i>thus much only</i>, or <i>no more of this</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "def_enlarge" id = "def_enlarge" href = +<h6><a id = "def_enlarge" href = "#sentences">Enlargement of the Simple Sentence.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1037" id = "sec1037" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1037" href = "#def_enlarge">1037.</a></b> The parts of the simple sentence may be enlarged by additions. The commonest enlargements of the subject and of the predicate are the following.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1038" id = "sec1038" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1038" href = "#def_enlarge">1038.</a></b> I. The subject may be enlarged by the addition of attributes, appositives, or objects.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1039" id = "sec1039" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1039" href = "#def_enlarge">1039.</a></b> (1.) An <span class = "smallcaps">Attribute</span> is an essential addition to a substantive, uniting with it as one idea. The attribute may be:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1040" id = "sec1040" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1040" href = "#def_enlarge">1040.</a></b> (a.) Genitive of a substantive of different meaning, denoting the agent, possessor, or the like: as, <b>metus hostium</b>, <i>fear of the enemy</i>, i.e. which they feel. <b>hostium castra</b>, <i>camp of the <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">enemy.</ins></i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1041" id = "sec1041" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1041" href = "#def_enlarge">1041.</a></b> (b.) Genitive or ablative of a substantive with an adjective in agreement: as, <b>puer sēdecim annōrum</b>, <i>a boy of sixteen years</i>; <b>bovēs mīrā speciē</b>, <i>kine of wondrous beauty</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page181" id = "page181"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page181"> 181</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1042" id = "sec1042" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1042" href = "#def_enlarge">1042.</a></b> (c.) A noun in the same case, either an adjective or participle, or else a substantive used adjectively: as, <b>pugna Cannēnsis</b>, <i>the @@ -26953,13 +26944,13 @@ battle of Cannae</i>; <b>cīvitātēs victae</b>, <i>the conquered communities</i>; <b>victor Rōmulus rēx</b>, <i>victorious king Romulus</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1043" id = "sec1043" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1043" href = "#def_enlarge">1043.</a></b> (d.) A substantive in the accusative or ablative with a preposition: as, <b>pugna ad Cannās</b>, <i>the battle near Cannae</i>. <b>vir sine metū</b>, <i>a man without fear</i> (<a href = "#sec1427">1427</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1044" id = "sec1044" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1044" href = "#def_enlarge">1044.</a></b> An attribute is rarely attached immediately to a proper name: as, <b>fortem Gyān</b>, <i>Gyas the brave</i>. <b>Q. Lūcānius, eiusdem @@ -26967,7 +26958,7 @@ An attribute is rarely attached immediately to a proper name: as, attached to a general word in apposition with the proper name: as, <b>vir clārissimus, M. Crassus</b>, <i>the illustrious Crassus</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1045" id = "sec1045" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1045" href = "#def_enlarge">1045.</a></b> (2.) An <span class = "smallcaps">Appositive</span> is a separate substantive added as an explanation to another substantive, and in the @@ -26981,7 +26972,7 @@ curse, ambition for a crown</i>. <b>Hamilcar, Mārs alter</b>, fīlius, rēx Nitiobrogum</b>, <i>Teutomatus, the son of Ollivico, the king of the Nitiobroges</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1046" id = "sec1046" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1046" href = "#def_enlarge">1046.</a></b> (3.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Object</span> of a substantive is another substantive of different meaning in the genitive, denoting that @@ -26991,27 +26982,27 @@ on which action is exerted: as,</p> which is felt towards them. <b>vēnditiō bonōrum</b>, <i>sale of the goods</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1047" id = "sec1047" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1047" href = "#def_enlarge">1047.</a></b> A substantive in any case may be modified like the subject.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1048" id = "sec1048" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1048" href = "#def_enlarge">1048.</a></b> II. The predicate may be enlarged by the addition of accusatives, datives, predicate nouns, or adverbial adjuncts.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1049" id = "sec1049" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1049" href = "#def_enlarge">1049.</a></b> (1.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Accusative</span> denotes the object of the verb; also extent, duration, and aim of motion. See <a href = "#sec1124">1124</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1050" id = "sec1050" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1050" href = "#def_enlarge">1050.</a></b> (2.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Dative</span> denotes that for or to which something is or is done. See <a href = "#sec1175">1175</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1051" id = "sec1051" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1051" href = "#def_enlarge">1051.</a></b> (3.) A predicate noun, either substantive or adjective, denoting ‘office, time, age, order, condition,’ or the like, is often added to @@ -27026,7 +27017,7 @@ excēdēbat</b>, <i>he was always the first to go into battle, the last to come out</i>. For the predicative dative of the substantive, see <a href = "#sec1219">1219</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1052" id = "sec1052" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1052" href = "#def_enlarge">1052.</a></b> In like manner a noun may be added as a predicate in agreement with a substantive in any oblique case: as,</p> @@ -27036,9 +27027,9 @@ safe</i>. <b>ante mē cōnsulem</b>, <i>before my consulship</i>. <b>Dolābellā hoste dēcrētō</b>, <i>Dolabella having been voted an enemy</i>. <b>nātūrā duce</b>, <i>with nature as a guide</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page182" id = "page182"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page182"> 182</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1053" id = "sec1053" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1053" href = "#def_enlarge">1053.</a></b> (4.) An <span class = "smallcaps">Adverbial Adjunct</span> is either an oblique case of a noun, often with a preposition, or an adverb denoting @@ -27049,17 +27040,17 @@ generally: as,</p> silence</i>. <b>in eō flūmine pōns erat</b>, <i>over that river there was a bridge</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1054" id = "sec1054" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1054" href = "#def_enlarge">1054.</a></b> A predicate substantive may be modified like the subject. An adjective either of the subject or of the predicate, may be modified by an oblique case or by an adverb.</p> -<h6><a name = "def_combo" id = "def_combo" href = +<h6><a id = "def_combo" href = "#sentences">Combination of Sentences.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1055" id = "sec1055" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1055" href = "#def_combo">1055.</a></b> Simple sentences may be combined in two different ways. The added sentence may be I. Coordinate; or II. Subordinate.</p> @@ -27072,10 +27063,10 @@ called <i>Clauses</i> or <i>Members</i>, in contradistinction to the more comprehensive sentence of which they are parts.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "def_compound" id = "def_compound" href +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "def_compound" href = "#sentences">I. THE COMPOUND SENTENCE.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1056" id = "sec1056" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1056" href = "#def_compound">1056.</a></b> A <span class = "smallcaps">Compound Sentence</span> is one which consists of two or more coordinate simple sentences: as,</p> @@ -27087,7 +27078,7 @@ caelō fulgēbat lūna serēnō inter minōra sīdera</b>, H. <i>Epod.</i> 15, lesser lights</i>. <b>ā tē petō, mē dēfendās</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 15, 8, <i>I ask it of you, protect me</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1057" id = "sec1057" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1057" href = "#def_compound">1057.</a></b> A compound sentence is usually abridged when the members have parts in common: as,</p> @@ -27104,15 +27095,15 @@ est</b>, 1, 26, 1, <i>there was long and sharp fighting</i>, for <b>diū pugnātum est atque ācriter pugnātum est</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "def_complex" id = "def_complex" href = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "def_complex" href = "#sentences">II. THE COMPLEX SENTENCE.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1058" id = "sec1058" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1058" href = "#def_complex">1058.</a></b> A <span class = "smallcaps">Complex Sentence</span> is one which consists of a main and a subordinate sentence: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page183" id = "page183"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page183"> 183</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>centuriōnēs praemittit</b> (main sentence), <b>quī locum idōneum castrīs dēligant</b> (subordinate sentence), 2, 17, @@ -27123,7 +27114,7 @@ is</i>. <b>ā tē petō</b> (main sentence), <i>ut mē dēfendās</i> (subordinate sentence), <i>Fam.</i> 15, 7, <i>I ask it of you that you protect me</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1059" id = "sec1059" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1059" href = "#def_complex">1059.</a></b> Several sentences are often subordinate to one and the same main sentence, and subordinate sentences may in their turn be main sentences @@ -27136,7 +27127,7 @@ subordinate to <i>A</i>, and <i>c</i> to <i>Ab</i>: 21, 1, <i>he sent some people to see what the character of the hill was</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1060" id = "sec1060" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1060" href = "#def_complex">1060.</a></b> Subordinate sentences may be coordinated with each other, as well as main sentences.</p> @@ -27149,7 +27140,7 @@ bellum īnferre possent</b>, 1, 2, 4, <i>so it came to pass that, in the first place, they did not roam round much, and secondly, they could not so easily make aggressive war on their neighbours</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1061" id = "sec1061" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1061" href = "#def_complex">1061.</a></b> A subordinate sentence introductory in thought to the main sentence, though not necessarily first in the order of the words, is called a @@ -27165,13 +27156,13 @@ know</i>. <b>ut sēmentem fēceris</b> (protasis), <b>ita metēs</b> men</i>.</p> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a name = "agreement" id = "agreement" href = +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a id = "agreement" href = "#start">AGREEMENT.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "agree_verb" id = "agree_verb" href = "#agreement">(A.) OF +<h6><a id = "agree_verb" href = "#agreement">(A.) OF THE VERB.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1062" id = "sec1062" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1062" href = "#agree_verb">1062.</a></b> A verb agrees with its subject in number and person: as,</p> @@ -27185,19 +27176,19 @@ our duty</i>. <b>vōs vōbīs cōnsulite</b>, 7, 50, 4, <i>do you look out for yourselves</i>. <b>diffūgēre nivēs</b>, H. 4, 7, 1, <i>scattered and gone are snows</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page184" id = "page184"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page184"> 184</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1063" id = "sec1063" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1063" href = "#agree_verb">1063.</a></b> With a compound subject, two constructions are admissible, as follows.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1064" id = "sec1064" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1064" href = "#agree_verb">1064.</a></b> (1.) With two or more singular subjects, the verb is often in the plural: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1064a" id = "sec1064a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1064a">a.</a></i>) Without connectives: persons: <b>iīsdem ferē temporibus fuērunt C. Cotta, P. Sulpicius, Q. Varius, Cn. Pompōnius</b>, <i>Br.</i> 182, <i>in about the same times lived Cotta, Sulpicius, Varius, and Pomponius</i>. @@ -27219,18 +27210,18 @@ timor īgnōminiae excitābant</b>, 7, 80, 5, <i>both of these eagerness for glory in the first place and secondly fear of disgrace spurred on</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1065" id = "sec1065" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1065" href = "#agree_verb">1065.</a></b> The plural is sometimes demanded by the meaning of the verb: as, <b>iūs et iniūria nātūrā dīiūdicantur</b>, <i>Leg.</i> 1, 44, <i>right and wrong are naturally distinguished from each other</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1066" id = "sec1066" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1066" href = "#agree_verb">1066.</a></b> (2.) Often, however, with two or more singular subjects, the verb is put in the singular: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1066a" id = "sec1066a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1066a">a.</a></i>) Without connectives: persons: <b>tum Gorgiās, Thrasymachus, Prodicus, Hippiās in magnō honōre fuit</b>, <i>Br.</i> 30, <i>at that time Gorgias, Thrasymachus, Prodicus, and Hippias were in high renown</i>. @@ -27250,13 +27241,13 @@ Flaccus followed</i>. Things: <b>tālis senātōrum et dignitās et multitūdō fuit</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 13, 13, <i>both the position and number of the senators was such</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1067" id = "sec1067" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1067" href = "#agree_verb">1067.</a></b> With two or more singular subjects denoting things, and making a compound idea, a singular verb is very common, agreeing either with the subjects taken as a unit, or with the nearest: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1067a" id = "sec1067a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1067a">a.</a></i>) <b>cum tempus necessitāsque postulat, dēcertandum manū est</b>, <i>Off.</i> 1, 81, <i>when the emergency requires, we must fight it out by hand</i>. <b>tanta laetitia ac grātulātiō fuit</b>, L. 10, 26, 4, @@ -27265,14 +27256,14 @@ by hand</i>. <b>tanta laetitia ac grātulātiō fuit</b>, L. 10, 26, 4, trāditum</b>, 6, 8, 9, <i>the headship and command was assigned to Cingetorix</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1068" id = "sec1068" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1068" href = "#agree_verb">1068.</a></b> (3.) With mixed subjects, singular and plural, the verb may likewise be either plural or singular: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page185" id = "page185"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page185"> 185</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1068a" id = "sec1068a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1068a">a.</a></i>) <b>vīta mors, dīvitiae paupertās omnīs hominēs permovent</b>, <i>Off.</i> 2, 37, <i>life and death, riches and poverty, tell much on everybody</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>quantō in perīculō et castra et @@ -27281,7 +27272,7 @@ peril camp and legions and commander were involved</i>. <b>hōc mihī̆ et Peripatēticī et Acadēmīa concēdit</b>, <i>Ac.</i> 2, 113, <i>this point both Peripatetics and Academy grant me</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1069" id = "sec1069" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1069" href = "#agree_verb">1069.</a></b> The plural is sometimes used with a singular subject limited by an ablative with <b>cum</b>, <i>with</i>: as, <b>Syrus cum illō vostrō @@ -27291,13 +27282,13 @@ aciem invādunt</b>, S. <i>I.</i> 101, 5, <i>Bocchus with the infantry falls on the rereward line of the Romans</i>. Cicero commonly uses a singular verb in this combination, Caesar has the plural once only.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1070" id = "sec1070" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1070" href = "#agree_verb">1070.</a></b> (4.) When the subjects are connected by <b>nec . . . nec</b>, <b>aut</b>, or <b>aut . . . aut</b>, the verb is likewise either plural or singular: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1070a" id = "sec1070a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1070a">a.</a></i>) <b>neque multitūdō hostium neque tēlōrum vīs arcēre impetum eius virī potuērunt</b>, L. 26, 5, 17, <i>neither the numbers of the enemy nor the shower of missiles could arrest the onslaught of that intrepid soul</i>. @@ -27308,7 +27299,7 @@ T. <i>Eu.</i> 729, <i>nor foot nor mind its duty doth aright</i>. <b>sī Sōcratēs aut Antisthenēs dīceret</b>, <i>TD.</i> 5, 26, <i>if a Socrates or an Antisthenes should say it</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1071" id = "sec1071" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1071" href = "#agree_verb">1071.</a></b> Collectives have usually a singular verb. But the plural is sometimes <ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">used,</ins> @@ -27320,12 +27311,12 @@ supplied from a preceding clause: as,</p> persuāsit, ut dē fīnibus suīs exīrent</b>, 1, 2, 1, <i>this person succeeded in inducing the community to leave their territory</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1072" id = "sec1072" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1072" href = "#agree_verb">1072.</a></b> The verb sometimes agrees with an appositive explaining the subject, or with a substantive in the predicate: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1072a" id = "sec1072a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1072a">a.</a></i>) <b>flammae lātē fūsae, certiōris clādis indicium, prōgredī longius prohibuit</b>, L. 10, 43, 11, <i>wide-spread flames, sign of a surer disaster, prevented a further advance</i>. When <b>urbs</b>, @@ -27342,7 +27333,7 @@ when the subject is an infinitive: as, <b>contentum suīs rēbus esse maximae sunt dīvitiae</b>, <i>Par.</i> 51, <i>for a man to be content with his own estate is the greatest possible riches</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1073" id = "sec1073" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1073" href = "#agree_verb">1073.</a></b> The verb sometimes agrees with a substantive introduced by such words as <b>quam</b>, <b>quantum</b>, <b>nisi</b>, or <b>praeterquam</b>: as, @@ -27352,7 +27343,7 @@ or participle: as, <b>mihī̆ nōn tam cōpia quam modus quaerendus est</b>, <i>IP.</i> 3, <i>I must aim not so much at comprehensiveness as at moderation</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1074" id = "sec1074" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1074" href = "#agree_verb">1074.</a></b> A speaker in referring to himself sometimes uses the first person plural, as a more modest form of expression: <ins class = "correction" @@ -27361,9 +27352,9 @@ title = "text has . for ,">as,</ins> <b>Molōnī dedimus operam</b>, <b>nōs</b> in all its cases for <b>ego</b>, &c., and <b>noster</b>, &c., for <b>meus</b>, &c.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page186" id = "page186"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page186"> 186</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1075" id = "sec1075" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1075" href = "#agree_verb">1075.</a></b> The singular imperative <b>age</b> is sometimes used in addressing more than one, particularly in old Latin: as, <b>age licēminī</b>, Pl. @@ -27372,7 +27363,7 @@ abīte</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 928, <i>come then go in</i>. Similarly, <b>cave dīrumpātis</b>, Pl. <i>Poen.</i> 117, <i>mind you don’t break it off</i>. Similarly <b>ain</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1076" id = "sec1076" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1076" href = "#agree_verb">1076.</a></b> If the subjects are of different persons, the first person is preferred to the second or the third, and the second to the third: as,</p> @@ -27385,13 +27376,13 @@ sometimes in contrasts the verb agrees with the nearest person: as, information does Cornelius himself give, or you people?</i></p> -<h6><a name = "agree_noun" id = "agree_noun" href = "#agreement">(B.) OF +<h6><a id = "agree_noun" href = "#agreement">(B.) OF THE NOUN.</a></h6> -<p class = "header"><a name = "agree_noun_subst" id = "agree_noun_subst" +<p class = "header"><a id = "agree_noun_subst" href = "#agree_noun">(1.) THE SUBSTANTIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1077" id = "sec1077" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1077" href = "#agree_noun_subst">1077.</a></b> A substantive which explains another substantive referring to the same thing is put in the same case.</p> @@ -27419,7 +27410,7 @@ brief</i>. <b>Dolābellā hoste dēcrētō</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 11, 16, <i>Dolabella having been voted a public enemy</i>. Some apparent exceptions will be noticed from time to time hereafter.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1078" id = "sec1078" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1078" href = "#agree_noun_subst">1078.</a></b> Mobile substantives take also the gender and number of the masculines or feminines they explain: as,</p> @@ -27434,7 +27425,7 @@ almighty dollar gives</i>. <b>ut omittam illās omnium doctrīnārum inventrīcēs Athēnās</b>, <i>DO.</i> 1, 13, <i>to say nothing of the great originator of all intellectual pursuits, Athens</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1079" id = "sec1079" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1079" href = "#agree_noun_subst">1079.</a></b> A substantive explaining two or more substantives, is put in the plural: as,</p> @@ -27444,9 +27435,9 @@ est</b>, L. 1, 14, 3, <i>the treaty between the cities of Rome and Lavinium was renewed</i>. <b>Cn. et P. Scīpiōnēs</b>, <i>Balb.</i> 34, <i>the Scipios, Gnaeus and Publius</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page187" id = "page187"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page187"> 187</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1080" id = "sec1080" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1080" href = "#agree_noun_subst">1080.</a></b> A plural subject, expressed or implied, is sometimes defined by a singular word, which is generally a collective or distributive: as,</p> @@ -27464,7 +27455,7 @@ sometimes agrees with the defining singular: as, <b>quandō duo cōnsulēs, alter morbō, alter ferrō periisset</b>, L. 41, 18, 16, <i>since the two consuls had died, one a natural death, the other by the sword</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1081" id = "sec1081" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1081" href = "#agree_noun_subst">1081.</a></b> A substantive in the accusative or nominative is sometimes in apposition to a thought or clause: as,</p> @@ -27480,10 +27471,10 @@ carried off by the gods for his beauty; no just reason for doing Laomedon such injustice</i>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "agree_noun_adj" id = "agree_noun_adj" +<p class = "header"><a id = "agree_noun_adj" href = "#agree_noun">(2.) THE ADJECTIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1082" id = "sec1082" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1082" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1082.</a></b> An adjective, adjective pronoun, or participle, agrees with its substantive in number, gender, and case: as,</p> @@ -27497,13 +27488,13 @@ nemora āvia pervolitantēs āera per tenerum liquidīs loca vōcibus opplent</b>, Lucr. 2, 145, <i>and motley birds, in pathless woods that flit through lither sky, fill space with carols clear</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1083" id = "sec1083" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1083" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1083.</a></b> An adjective or participle, either attributive or predicate, sometimes takes the number and gender of the persons or things implied in the substantive: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1083a" id = "sec1083a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1083a">a.</a></i>) <b>concursus populī mīrantium quid rē̆ī esset</b>, L. 1, 41, 1, <i>a gathering of the public, wondering what was the matter</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>pars subeuntium obrutī, pars cōnfīxī</b>, Ta. @@ -27512,13 +27503,13 @@ a part were run through</i>. <b>Samnītium caesī tria mīlia ducentī</b>, L. 10, 34, 3, <i>of the Samnites were slain three thousand two hundred</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1084" id = "sec1084" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1084" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1084.</a></b> (1.) An attributive adjective referring to several substantives is commonly expressed with one only, generally with the first or the last: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page188" id = "page188"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page188"> 188</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>rēs erat multae operae et labōris</b>, 5, 11, 5, <i>it was a job that required much work and trouble</i>. <b>semper amāvī @@ -27526,7 +27517,7 @@ ingenium, studia, mōrēs tuōs</b>, <i>O.</i> 33, <i>I have always admired your ability, your scholarly tastes, and your character</i>. In lively style, the adjective is often used with every substantive.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1085" id = "sec1085" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1085" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1085.</a></b> Two or more attributive adjectives in the singular connected by a conjunction may belong to a plural substantive: as,</p> @@ -27537,7 +27528,7 @@ substantive may also be in the singular: as, <b>inter Ēsquilīnam Collīnamque portam</b>, L. 26, 10, 1, <i>between the Esquiline and the Colline gate</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1086" id = "sec1086" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1086" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1086.</a></b> The combined idea of a substantive with an attributive adjective may be qualified by one or more adjectives: as,</p> @@ -27548,13 +27539,13 @@ qualified by one or more adjectives: as,</p> <b>āter aliēnus canis</b>, T. <i>Ph.</i> 706, <i>a strange black dog</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1087" id = "sec1087" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1087" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1087.</a></b> (2.) A predicate adjective or participle referring to two or more substantives is usually in the plural; its gender is determined as follows:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1088" id = "sec1088" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1088" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1088.</a></b> (a.) If the substantives denote persons of the same gender, that gender is used; if they denote persons of different gender, the masculine is @@ -27566,7 +27557,7 @@ off</i>. <b>quam prīdem pater mihī̆ et māter mortuī essent</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 517, <i>how long my father and my mother had been dead</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1089" id = "sec1089" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1089" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1089.</a></b> (b.) If the substantives denote things, and are of different genders, the neuter plural is used; also commonly when they are feminines @@ -27577,7 +27568,7 @@ denoting things: as,</p> <b>īra et avāritia imperiō potentiōra erant</b>, L. 37, 32, 13, <i>hot blood and greed proved stronger than authority</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1090" id = "sec1090" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1090" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1090.</a></b> (c.) If the substantives denote both persons and things, either the gender of the substantives denoting persons is used, or the neuter. The @@ -27591,7 +27582,7 @@ things</i>. <b>Dolopas et Athamāniam ēreptās sibī̆ querēns</b>, L. 38, 10, 3, <i>complaining that the Dolopians and Athamania were wrested from him</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1091" id = "sec1091" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1091" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1091.</a></b> When the verb is attached to the nearest only of two or more subjects, a predicate participle or adjective naturally takes the gender of @@ -27601,15 +27592,15 @@ the sons too was made prisoner</i>. <b>ut brāchia atque umerī līberī esse possent</b>, 7, 56, 4, <i>so that their arms and shoulders might be unhampered</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1092" id = "sec1092" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1092" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1092.</a></b> The ablative singular <b>absente</b> is used once each by Terence and Afranius with a plural substantive: <b>absente nōbīs</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 649, <i>while we were out</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page189" id = "page189"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page189"> 189</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1093" id = "sec1093" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1093" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1093.</a></b> A neuter adjective or pronoun is sometimes used as a substantive in the predicate (<a href = "#sec1101">1101</a>): as,</p> @@ -27619,7 +27610,7 @@ predicate (<a href = "#sec1101">1101</a>): as,</p> Trāsumennum, id tū hodiē</b>, L. 30, 30, 12, <i>what I was myself at Trasumene, that you are today</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1094" id = "sec1094" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1094" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1094.</a></b> A demonstrative, determinative, or relative pronoun used substantively takes the number and gender of the substantive it represents; the case @@ -27635,7 +27626,7 @@ cōnfēcisse</b>, <i>DO.</i> 3, 127, <i>Hippias bragged he had made with his own hand the ring which he wore, the cloak in which he was wrapped; and the slippers which he had on</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1095" id = "sec1095" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1095" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1095.</a></b> Sometimes, however, the number and gender of these pronouns are determined by the sense, and not by the form of the substantive @@ -27654,14 +27645,14 @@ to a swallow-nest methought an ape did strive to climb; nor could she snatch the nestlings thence</i>; the <b>eās</b> refers to <b>hirundinēs</b>, implied in <b>hirundinīnum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1096" id = "sec1096" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1096" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1096.</a></b> A pronoun representing two or more substantives sometimes takes the number and gender of the nearest. But usually it is plural, and its gender is determined like that of an adjective (<a href = "#sec1087">1087</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1097" id = "sec1097" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1097" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1097.</a></b> A demonstrative, determinative, or relative pronoun used substantively is generally attracted to the number and gender of a predicate @@ -27676,7 +27667,7 @@ Caesar’s dying words, 44 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> But with a negative, sometimes the neuter: as, <b>nec sopor illud erat</b>, V. 3, 173, <i>nor was that sleep</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1098" id = "sec1098" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1098" href = "#agree_noun_adj">1098.</a></b> A demonstrative, determinative, or relative pronoun in agreement with a substantive is often equivalent to a genitive limiting the substantive: @@ -27689,18 +27680,18 @@ the Romans</i>. <b>quā spē adductī</b>, 4, 6, 4, <i>impelled by the hope of this</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page190" id = "page190"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page190"> 190</a></span> -<h3><a name = "simple" id = "simple" href = "#sentences">THE SIMPLE +<h3><a id = "simple" href = "#sentences">THE SIMPLE SENTENCE.</a></h3> -<h4><a name = "simple_noun" id = "simple_noun" href = "#simple">(A.) USE +<h4><a id = "simple_noun" href = "#simple">(A.) USE OF THE NOUN.</a></h4> -<h5 class = "topline2"><a name = "simple_noun_number" id = +<h5 class = "topline2"><a id = "simple_noun_number" href = "#simple_noun">NUMBER AND GENDER.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1099" id = "sec1099" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1099" href = "#simple_noun_number">1099.</a></b> The singular of a word denoting a person is sometimes used in a collective sense.</p> @@ -27710,7 +27701,7 @@ as, <b>mīles</b>, <b>eques</b>, <b>pedes</b>, <b>hostis</b>, <b>Rōmānus</b>, <b>Poenus</b>. But other substantives and adjectives are occasionally thus used.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1100" id = "sec1100" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1100" href = "#simple_noun_number">1100.</a></b> A substantive or adjective denoting a person is often used in the singular as representative of a class, particularly when two persons are @@ -27720,7 +27711,7 @@ contrasted: as,</p> extorquēbitne eam sapiēns?</b> <i>Off.</i> 3, 89, <i>if a fool has seized a plank from a wreck, will the sage twitch it away?</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1101" id = "sec1101" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1101" href = "#simple_noun_number">1101.</a></b> The neuter singular of certain adjectives is used as an abstract substantive.</p> @@ -27735,7 +27726,7 @@ ablative, except in prepositional constructions. Such are: <b>bonum</b>, <b>rīdiculum</b>. <b>ūtile</b>, <b>ināne</b>, <b>commūne</b>, <b>īnsīgne</b>, <b>simile</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1102" id = "sec1102" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1102" href = "#simple_noun_number">1102.</a></b> Certain adjectives, which originally agreed with an appellative denoting a thing, have dropped the appellative and become substantives.</p> @@ -27749,7 +27740,7 @@ a thing, have dropped the appellative and become substantives.</p> <b>praetexta</b>, sc. <b>toga</b>; <b>summa</b>, sc. <b>rēs</b>; <b>trirēmis</b>, sc. <b>nāvis</b>, and many others.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1103" id = "sec1103" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1103" href = "#simple_noun_number">1103.</a></b> Certain adjectives denoting relationship, friendship, hostility, connection, or age, may be used in both numbers as substantives.</p> @@ -27763,7 +27754,7 @@ connection, or age, may be used in both numbers as substantives.</p> <b>manipulāris</b>, <b>vīcīnus</b>; (<i>d.</i>) <b>adulēscēns</b>, <b>aequālis</b>, <b>iuvenis</b>, <b>senex</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1104" id = "sec1104" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1104" href = "#simple_noun_number">1104.</a></b> The masculine plural of many adjectives is used substantively to denote a class.</p> @@ -27775,9 +27766,9 @@ classes</i>, <i>revolutionists</i>, <i>anarchists</i>, <i>the opposite party</i>; <b>doctī</b>, <b>indoctī</b>; <b>piī</b>, <b>impiī</b>, and the like.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page191" id = "page191"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page191"> 191</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1105" id = "sec1105" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1105" href = "#simple_noun_number">1105.</a></b> Proper names of men are used in the plural to denote different persons of the same name, or as appellatives to express character, oftenest good @@ -27788,7 +27779,7 @@ character: as,</p> Pompēiōs ēvertit?</b> J. 10, 108, <i>what overthrew a Crassus, Pompey what?</i> i.e. men like Crassus and Pompey.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1106" id = "sec1106" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1106" href = "#simple_noun_number">1106.</a></b> The neuter plural of adjectives of all degrees of comparison is very often used as a substantive.</p> @@ -27800,14 +27791,14 @@ are: <b>bona</b>, <b>mala</b>; <b>vēra</b>, <b>falsa</b>; <b>haec</b>, <i>this</i>; <b>omnia</b>, <i>everything</i>; <b>haec omnia</b>, <i>all this</i>, &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1107" id = "sec1107" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1107" href = "#simple_noun_number">1107.</a></b> Names of countries are sometimes used in the plural when the country consists of several parts which are called by the same name as the whole country: as, <b>Galliae</b>, <i>the Gauls</i>; <b>Germāniae</b>, <i>the Germanies</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1108" id = "sec1108" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1108" href = "#simple_noun_number">1108.</a></b> Material substantives are often used in the plural to denote different sorts of the substance designated, its constituent parts, or objects @@ -27823,7 +27814,7 @@ made of it: as,</p> <b>sulpura</b>, <i>lumps of sulphur</i>. <b>vīna</b>, <i>wines</i>, <i>different kinds of wine</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1109" id = "sec1109" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1109" href = "#simple_noun_number">1109.</a></b> Abstract substantives are often used in the plural to denote different kinds or instances of the abstract idea, or an abstract idea pertaining @@ -27836,7 +27827,7 @@ maleficiōrum tuōrum</b>, <i>Par.</i> 18, <i>you are tormented by pricks of conscience for your sins</i>. <b>propter siccitātēs palūdum</b>, 4, 38, 2, <i>because the swamps were dry everywhere</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1110" id = "sec1110" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1110" href = "#simple_noun_number">1110.</a></b> The plural is sometimes used in generalizations, and in poetry to magnify a single thing, to give mystery to the statement, or often @@ -27848,14 +27839,14 @@ manēbant</b>, V. 2, 22, <i>while Priam’s realms still stood</i>. foreign strand</i>, i.e. Aeneas.</p> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_noun_case" id = +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_noun_case" href = "#simple_noun">CASE.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1111" id = "sec1111" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1111" href = "#simple_noun_case">1111.</a></b> There are two groups of cases, the principal and the secondary.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1112" id = "sec1112" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1112" href = "#simple_noun_case">1112.</a></b> The principal cases are the nominative and the accusative. The principal cases, which have more complete inflections than the secondary, express @@ -27864,12 +27855,12 @@ subject and of the object. The secondary cases are used to express subordinate or supplementary relations.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page192" id = "page192"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page192"> 192</a></span> -<h6><a name = "simple_nom" id = "simple_nom" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_nom" href = "#simple_noun_case">THE NOMINATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1113" id = "sec1113" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1113" href = "#simple_nom">1113.</a></b> The nominative is principally used as the subject or predicate noun of a verb or of an infinitive. Besides this use, the nominative occurs in @@ -27877,11 +27868,11 @@ titles, exclamations, and addresses (<a href = "#sec1114">1114-1123</a>).</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "simple_nom_title" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "simple_nom_title" href = "#simple_nom">The Nominative of Title.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1114" id = "sec1114" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1114" href = "#simple_nom_title">1114.</a></b> The nominative is used in inscriptions, notices, titles, or headings: as,</p> @@ -27897,7 +27888,7 @@ scratched by a Pompei schoolboy, <i>The Maze. Here lives Minotaur</i>. <b>Themistoclēs, Neoclī fīlius, Athēniēnsis</b>, N. 2, 1, <i>Themistocles, son of Neocles, of Athens</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1115" id = "sec1115" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1115" href = "#simple_nom_title">1115.</a></b> The title proper of a book is often put in the genitive, dependent on <b>līber</b> or <b>librī</b>: as, <b>Cornēlī Tacitī Historiārum Liber @@ -27907,7 +27898,7 @@ expressions are used: as, <b>M. Tullī Cicerōnis dē Fātō Liber</b>, Augustī Liber Prīmus</b>, <i>Tacitus’s Roman History from the Demise of the sainted Augustus, Book First</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1116" id = "sec1116" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1116" href = "#simple_nom_title">1116.</a></b> Sometimes the nominative of a title or exclamation is retained in a sentence for some other case: as, <b>Gabīniō cōgnōmen ‘Cauchius’ @@ -27923,10 +27914,10 @@ V. <i>E.</i> 1, 4, <i>thou, Tityrus, dost teach the woods to echo Amaryllis Fair</i>).</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_nom_excl" id = "simple_nom_excl" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_nom_excl" href = "#simple_nom">The Nominative of Exclamation.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1117" id = "sec1117" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1117" href = "#simple_nom_excl">1117.</a></b> The nominative is sometimes used in exclamations: as,</p> @@ -27939,10 +27930,10 @@ accompanied by an interjection, such as <b>ecce</b>, <b>ēn</b>, "#sec667">667</a>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_nom_voc" id = "simple_nom_voc" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_nom_voc" href = "#simple_nom">The Vocative Nominative and Vocative Proper.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1118" id = "sec1118" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1118" href = "#simple_nom_voc">1118.</a></b> The vocative nominative is used when a person or thing is addressed: as,</p> @@ -27955,9 +27946,9 @@ Instead of a proper name, an emphatic <b>tū</b> is often used: as, <b>advorte animum sīs tū</b>, Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 110, <i>just pay attention, sirrah, please</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page193" id = "page193"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page193"> 193</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1119" id = "sec1119" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1119" href = "#simple_nom_voc">1119.</a></b> Masculine stems in <b>-o-</b> commonly use the special form for the second person singular called the vocative: as,</p> @@ -27968,7 +27959,7 @@ nominative is sometimes used even of <b class = "locked">-o-</b> stems: as, <b>audī tū, populus Albānus</b>, L. 1, 24, 7, <i>hear thou, the people of Alba</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1120" id = "sec1120" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1120" href = "#simple_nom_voc">1120.</a></b> Poets use the vocative nominative or vocative proper very freely, sometimes for liveliness, but often simply in place of other cases not @@ -27985,14 +27976,14 @@ examples, <b>Fērōniae</b>, <b>Rōmulus</b>, and <b>Daedalō</b> would be impossible. In poetry, the vocative is particularly common in questions.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1121" id = "sec1121" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1121" href = "#simple_nom_voc">1121.</a></b> Nominative forms and vocative forms are often combined: as, <b>dulcis amīce</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 7, 12, <i>sweet friend</i>. <b>mī vir</b>, Pl. <i>Am.</i> 716, <i>my husband</i>. <b>Iāne pater</b>, J. 6, 394, <i>thou father Janus</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1122" id = "sec1122" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1122" href = "#simple_nom_voc">1122.</a></b> In verse the vocative is occasionally used even in the predicate: as, <b>quō moritūre ruis?</b> V. 10, 811, <i>whither, on death intent, @@ -28000,7 +27991,7 @@ fliest thou?</i> <b>quibus, Hector, ab ōrīs exspectāte venīs?</b> V. 2, 282, <i>out of what limboes, Hector, dost thou gladly welcomed come?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1123" id = "sec1123" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1123" href = "#simple_nom_voc">1123.</a></b> The vocative nominative or vocative proper is sometimes accompanied by <b>ō</b>, but only in impassioned addresses: as, <b>ō fortūnāte @@ -28010,17 +28001,17 @@ calls on men. Rarely by <b>au</b>, <b>ehem</b>, <b>hem</b>, <b>ē̆heu</b>, <b>eia</b> or <b>heia</b>, <b>iō</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_acc" id = "simple_acc" href = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_acc" href = "#simple_noun_case">THE ACCUSATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1124" id = "sec1124" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1124" href = "#simple_acc">1124.</a></b> The accusative is used primarily with verbs, or with expressions equivalent to verbs. The relations expressed by the accusative are all of one general kind; but they vary somewhat, according to the nature of the verb.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1125" id = "sec1125" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1125" href = "#simple_acc">1125.</a></b> I. With most verbs, the accusative either (<i>a.</i>) denotes that which is affected or apprehended, or is produced by the action of the verb (<a @@ -28032,7 +28023,7 @@ repeats the meaning of the verb in the form of a substantive (<a href = <i>Object</i>, are never attended by a preposition, and become nominative in the passive construction.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1126" id = "sec1126" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1126" href = "#simple_acc">1126.</a></b> II. With some verbs, the accusative denotes (<i>a.</i>) extent or duration (<a href = "#sec1151">1151</a>); with others it denotes @@ -28043,19 +28034,19 @@ taken by a prepositional expression, or by an adverb; in the passive construction, they are not convertible into a nominative, but remain accusative.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page194" id = "page194"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page194"> 194</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1127" id = "sec1127" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1127" href = "#simple_acc">1127.</a></b> Two or even three accusatives are sometimes used with one and the same verb: see <a href = "#sec1167">1167-1174</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1128" id = "sec1128" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1128" href = "#simple_acc">1128.</a></b> The accusative is sometimes disengaged from the verb, with which it originally stood, and used with a noun or a preposition.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1129" id = "sec1129" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1129" href = "#simple_acc">1129.</a></b> (1.) With substantives, the accusative is rare; it is used (<i>a.</i>) in a few attributive expressions, chiefly old set forms, and rarely to @@ -28068,7 +28059,7 @@ attributive in <b>hominēs id aetātis</b>, <i>people of that age</i>. And <b>redeō</b>, <i>go back</i>, so also rarely with the substantive <b>reditiō</b>, <i>a return</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1130" id = "sec1130" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1130" href = "#simple_acc">1130.</a></b> With adjectives, the accusative is commonly that of extent: so with <b>altus</b>, <i>high</i>, <b>lātus</b>, <i>wide</i>, and <ins class = @@ -28081,21 +28072,21 @@ bīnōs</b>, <i>see that the scions be two feet long</i>, the accusative used with the attributive adjective <b>longus</b> alone, thus: <b>surculī longī pedēs bīnōs</b>, <i>scions two feet long</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1131" id = "sec1131" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1131" href = "#simple_acc">1131.</a></b> (2.) The accusative is used with many prepositions: see <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>.</p> -<p class = "header topline"><a name = "simple_acc_obj" id = +<p class = "header topline"><a id = "simple_acc_obj" href = "#simple_acc">I. THE ACCUSATIVE OF THE OBJECT.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1132" id = "sec1132" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1132" href = "#simple_acc_obj">1132.</a></b> The object of a verb is put in the accusative: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1132a" id = "sec1132a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1132a">a.</a></i>) <b>oppida sua omnia incendunt</b>, 1, 5, 3, <i>they set all their towns afire</i>. <b>cōnspexit adrāsum quendam</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 7, 49, <i>he spied a man all shaven and shorn</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>duās @@ -28105,13 +28096,13 @@ existing independently of the action of the verb, and only affected or apprehended by it; or (<i>b.</i>) of product, i.e. produced by the action of the verb.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1133" id = "sec1133" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1133" href = "#simple_acc_obj">1133.</a></b> Verbs thus used with an object are said to be <i>used transitively</i>. Such verbs may also be used intransitively, that is without an object, when stress is put on the action merely: thus,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1133a" id = "sec1133a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1133a">a.</a></i>) Transitively: <b>tū mē amās, ego tē amō</b>, Pl. <i>Most.</i> 305, <i>thou lovest me, and I love thee</i>. <b>nova dīruunt, alia aedificant</b>, S. <i>C.</i> 20, 12, <i>they pull down new structures, @@ -28119,7 +28110,7 @@ and build up others</i>. (<i>b.</i>) Intransitively: <b>amō</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 511, <i>I’m in love</i>. <b>dīruit, aedificat</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 1, 100, <i>it pulleth down, it buildeth up</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1134" id = "sec1134" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1134" href = "#simple_acc_obj">1134.</a></b> Some verbs, in addition to the accusative, often take an infinitive also: thus, <b>eum vident sedēre</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 107, <i>they see him @@ -28129,7 +28120,7 @@ subject of the new statement appended, <b>sedēre</b>, <i>sit</i>, thus giving rise to the construction known as the <i>accusative with the infinitive</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1135" id = "sec1135" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1135" href = "#simple_acc_obj">1135.</a></b> Instead of the proper accusative of the object, another accusative is sometimes substituted, denoting the ultimate result: as,</p> @@ -28142,16 +28133,16 @@ ferī</b>, E. 33, <i>and strike a covenant</i>, <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">i.e.</ins> <i>strike</i> a victim, and so make <i>a covenant</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page195" id = "page195"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page195"> 195</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1136" id = "sec1136" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1136" href = "#simple_acc_obj">1136.</a></b> In Plautus, <b>quid tibī̆</b> with a substantive of action in <b class = "locked">-tiō</b> and <b>est</b>, has an accusative like a verb used transitively: as, <b>quid tibī̆ hanc cūrātiōst rem?</b> Pl. <i>Am.</i> 519, <i>what business hast thou with this?</i></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1137" id = "sec1137" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1137" href = "#simple_acc_obj">1137.</a></b> Many verbs ordinarily used intransitively, particularly verbs of motion, have a transitive use when compounded with a preposition.</p> @@ -28166,7 +28157,7 @@ round a few</i>. <b>Caesar omnem agrum Pīcēnum percurrit</b>, Caes. can pass the mill</i>. <b>flūmen trānsiērunt</b>, 4, 4, 7, <i>they crossed the river</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1138" id = "sec1138" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1138" href = "#simple_acc_obj">1138.</a></b> A few verbs with a transitive use, have, when compounded with <b>circum</b> and <b>trāns</b>, besides the accusative of the object, @@ -28180,13 +28171,13 @@ the preposition is sometimes retained: as, <b>Apollōniam praetervehuntur</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 26, 1, <i>they sail by Apollonia</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1139" id = "sec1139" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1139" href = "#simple_acc_obj">1139.</a></b> Verbs of weeping and wailing, and some other verbs of feeling, which commonly have an intransitive use, sometimes have a transitive use with an accusative: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1139a" id = "sec1139a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1139a">a.</a></i>) <b>lūget senātus, maeret equester ōrdō</b>, <i>Mil.</i> 20, <i>the senate is in mourning, the equestrian order betrays its sadness</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>mātrōnae eum lūxērunt</b>, L. 2, 7, 4, <i>the @@ -28204,16 +28195,16 @@ person, and passive constructions are rare, and mostly confined to poetry.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_acc_emph" id = "simple_acc_emph" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_acc_emph" href = "#simple_acc">The Emphasizing Or Defining Accusative.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1140" id = "sec1140" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1140" href = "#simple_acc_emph">1140.</a></b> The meaning of a verb, even of one ordinarily intransitive, may be emphasized or more exactly defined by an accusative of kindred derivation added.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1140a" id = "sec1140a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1140a">a.</a></i>) Seldom without an adjective: as, <b>dum vītam vīvās</b>, Pl. <i>Per.</i> 494, <i>as long as life thou liv’st</i>, i.e. as long as you ever live and breathe. <b>quōrum maiōrum nēmō servitūtem servīvit</b>, <i>T.</i> @@ -28226,9 +28217,9 @@ memorābile fēcistis</b>, L. 24, 22, 16, <i>you have done a deed well worth mentioning</i>. <b>mīrum atque īnscītum somniāvī somnium</b>, Pl. <i>R.</i> 597, <i>a strange and silly dream dreamed I</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page196" id = "page196"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page196"> 196</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1141" id = "sec1141" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1141" href = "#simple_acc_emph">1141.</a></b> The verb sometimes has an accusative of kindred meaning, but of different derivation: as,</p> @@ -28239,7 +28230,7 @@ different derivation: as,</p> <i>not towering Idomeneus nor Sthenelus alone has battles fought for Muses to rehearse</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1142" id = "sec1142" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1142" href = "#simple_acc_emph">1142.</a></b> The neuter singular accusative of a descriptive adjective is used, particularly by the poets, to denote manner: as,</p> @@ -28253,7 +28244,7 @@ back</i>. <b>suāve rubēns hyacinthus</b>, V. <i>E.</i> 3, 63, so common: as, <b>asper, acerba tuēns</b>, Lucr. 5, 33, V. 9, 794, <i>rough, staring savageness</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1143" id = "sec1143" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1143" href = "#simple_acc_emph">1143.</a></b> Some verbs of smell and of taste have an accusative defining what the smell or the taste is: as, <b>pāstillōs Rūfillus olet, Gargōnius @@ -28266,7 +28257,7 @@ quae crocum sapiunt</b>, Cic. in Plin. <i>NH.</i> 17, 5, 3, 38, <i>essences that smell of earth are better than those that smell of saffron</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1144" id = "sec1144" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1144" href = "#simple_acc_emph">1144.</a></b> Any verb or verbal expression may be defined in a general way by the neuter accusative of a pronoun or of an enumerative word: as,</p> @@ -28284,7 +28275,7 @@ respect</i>, <i>wherein</i>, <i>what</i>, or <i>what ... for</i>: as, <b>quid tibī̆ obstō</b>, <i>RA.</i> 145, <i>wherein do I stand in your way?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1145" id = "sec1145" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1145" href = "#simple_acc_emph">1145.</a></b> The accusative of an appellative is rarely used adverbially: as, <b>magnam partem ex iambīs nostra cōnstat ōrātiō</b>, <i>O.</i> 189, @@ -28295,7 +28286,7 @@ as, <b>magnā ex parte</b>, 1, 16, 6, <i>principally</i>. For <b>vicem</b>, <i>instead of</i>, <i>for</i>, or <i>like</i>, see the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1146" id = "sec1146" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1146" href = "#simple_acc_emph">1146.</a></b> The accusative is sometimes disengaged from a verb, and qualifies a substantive as an attribute, chiefly in a few set expressions (<a href = @@ -28309,15 +28300,15 @@ that age</i>. Similarly <b>diēs quīndecim supplicātiō</b>, 2, 35, 4, <i>a fortnight thanksgiving</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_acc_part" id = "simple_acc_part" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_acc_part" href = "#simple_acc">The Accusative of the Part Concerned.</a></h6> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1147" id = "sec1147" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1147" href = "#simple_acc_part">1147.</a></b> Poets use the accusative to express the part concerned, especially a part of the human body: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page197" id = "page197"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page197"> 197</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>tremit artūs</b>, Lucr. 3, 489, V. <i>G.</i> 3, 84, <i>he shivers in his limbs</i>. <b>tremis ossa pavōre</b>, H. @@ -28328,10 +28319,10 @@ umerōsque deō similis</b>, V. 1, 589, <i>in face and shoulders like a god</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_acc_puton" id = "simple_acc_puton" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_acc_puton" href = "#simple_acc">The Accusative of the Thing put on.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1148" id = "sec1148" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1148" href = "#simple_acc_puton">1148.</a></b> The accusative is used with reflexive verbs in poetry to denote the thing put on: as,</p> @@ -28343,16 +28334,16 @@ denote the thing taken off: as, <b>priōrēs exuitur vultūs</b>, St. <i>Th.</i> 10, 640, <i>she doffs her former looks</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_acc_excl" id = "simple_acc_excl" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_acc_excl" href = "#simple_acc">The Accusative of Exclamation.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1149" id = "sec1149" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1149" href = "#simple_acc_excl">1149.</a></b> The accusative is used in exclamations, sometimes merely to call attention to something, but generally with a predicate to express a judgment with emphasis.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1149a" id = "sec1149a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1149a">a.</a></i>) In calling attention, <b>ecce</b> or <b>em</b> is used in old Latin: as, <b>ecce mē</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 663, <i>behold, your humble servant</i>. <b>em Dāvom tibī̆</b>, T. <i>Andr.</i> 842, <i>there, Davos sir</i>. For @@ -28369,7 +28360,7 @@ so with <b>ēcastor</b>, <b>edepol</b>, <b>eugē</b>, <i>bravo</i>, Interrogatively: <b>hancine impudentiam?</b> V. 5, 62, <i>possible, shamelessness like this?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1150" id = "sec1150" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1150" href = "#simple_acc_excl">1150.</a></b> The accusative is used in excited orders, appeals, and questions, without any verb expressed, or even distinctly felt: as, <b>Tiberium in @@ -28382,19 +28373,19 @@ and <b>quandō</b>, often followed by <b>mihī̆</b> or <b>tibī̆</b>: as, <i>why wealth for me, if wealth I may not use?</i></p> -<p class = "header topline"><a name = "simple_acc_spacetime" id = +<p class = "header topline"><a id = "simple_acc_spacetime" href = "#simple_acc">II. THE ACCUSATIVE OF SPACE AND TIME, AND OF AIM OF MOTION.</a></p> -<h6><a name = "simple_acc_space" id = "simple_acc_space" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_acc_space" href = "#simple_acc_spacetime">The Accusative of Space and Time.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1151" id = "sec1151" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1151" href = "#simple_acc_space">1151.</a></b> Extent of space or duration of time is denoted by the accusative: as, -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page198" id = "page198"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page198"> 198</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1151a" id = "sec1151a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1151a">a.</a></i>) <b>mīlia passuum <span class = "smallroman">XX</span> prōcēdit</b>, 5, 47, 1, <i>he pushes on twenty miles</i>. <b>trīduī viam prōgressī</b>, 4, 4, 4, <i>having advanced three days journey</i>. <b>aggerem lātum @@ -28415,7 +28406,7 @@ supplicātiō</b>, 2, 35, 4, <i>a fortnight thanksgiving</i> (<a href decem diēs factī sunt</b>, <i>C.</i> 3, 20, <i>games were celebrated ten days long</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1152" id = "sec1152" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1152" href = "#simple_acc_space">1152.</a></b> The idea of traversing is sometimes not expressed: as, <b>mīlia passuum tria ab eōrum castrīs castra pōnit</b>, 1, 22, 5, <i>he pitches camp @@ -28423,7 +28414,7 @@ three miles away from their camp</i>. <b>quadringentōs inde passūs cōnstituit sīgna</b>, L. 34, 20, 4, <i>four hundred paces from there he set up the standards</i>. See <a href = "#sec1399">1399</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1153" id = "sec1153" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1153" href = "#simple_acc_space">1153.</a></b> With <b>absum</b> and <b>distō</b>, the ablative of amount of difference is sometimes used (<a href = "#sec1393">1393</a>): as, <b>certior factus @@ -28436,7 +28427,7 @@ the place is not mentioned from which distance is reckoned, <b>ab</b> or "smallroman">XV</span></b>, 6, 7, 3, <i>pitching camp fifteen miles away</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1154" id = "sec1154" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1154" href = "#simple_acc_space">1154.</a></b> The accusative is used with <b>abhinc</b>, <i>ago</i>: as, <b>quaestor fuistī abhinc annōs quattuordecim</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 34, <i>you were a @@ -28449,7 +28440,7 @@ or twice with <b>abhinc</b>, meaning <i>before</i> (<a href = <i>V.</i> 2, 130, <i>the election having been held thirty days before</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1155" id = "sec1155" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1155" href = "#simple_acc_space">1155.</a></b> The accusative singular is used with ordinals, to show the number of days, months, or years since a particular event, including the day, @@ -28457,7 +28448,7 @@ month, or year of the event itself: as, <b>quod annum iam tertium et vīcēsimum rēgnat</b>, <i>IP.</i> 7, <i>the circumstance that he has now been on the throne two and twenty years</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1156" id = "sec1156" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1156" href = "#simple_acc_space">1156.</a></b> The accusative in some pronominal expressions and adverbs passes over from ‘time through which’ to a loose ‘time at which’: as, <b>id @@ -28470,10 +28461,10 @@ exceptionally used to denote duration, see <a href = "#sec1355">1355</a>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_acc_aim" id = "simple_acc_aim" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_acc_aim" href = "#simple_acc">The Accusative of the Aim of Motion.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1157" id = "sec1157" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1157" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1157.</a></b> (1.) Proper names of towns and of little islands or peninsulas are put in the accusative to denote the aim with expressions of motion: as,</p> @@ -28487,9 +28478,9 @@ Plautus uses <b>Accherūns</b> a few times like a town name: as, <b>vīvom mē accersunt Accheruntem mortuī</b>, <i>Most.</i> 509, <i>the dead are taking me to Acheron alive</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page199" id = "page199"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page199"> 199</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1158" id = "sec1158" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1158" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1158.</a></b> With singular names of towns and little islands, Plautus has the accusative alone twenty times, and twenty times with <b>in</b>; Terence @@ -28498,7 +28489,7 @@ has, including <b>Lēmnum</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 567, and <b>Cyprum</b>, <b>in</b>, <b>in Lēmnum</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 66, and <b>in Cyprum</b>, <i>Ad.</i> 278. Plural town names never have <b>in</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1159" id = "sec1159" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1159" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1159.</a></b> An appellative <b>urbem</b> or <b>oppidum</b> accompanying the accusative of a town name is usually preceded by <b>in</b> or <b>ad</b>: @@ -28507,7 +28498,7 @@ city of Fidenae</i>. <b>Iugurtha Thalam pervēnit, in oppidum magnum</b>, S. <i>I.</i> 75, 1, <i>Jugurtha arrived at Thala, a large town</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1160" id = "sec1160" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1160" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1160.</a></b> When merely ‘motion towards’ or ‘nearness’ is meant, <b>ad</b> is used: as, <b>trēs viae sunt ad Mutinam</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 12, 22, <i>there are @@ -28515,7 +28506,7 @@ three roads to Mutina</i>. <b>mīles ad Capuam profectus sum</b>, <i>CM.</i> 10, <i>I went to the war as a private, to the region round about Capua</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1161" id = "sec1161" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1161" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1161.</a></b> Proper names of countries are also sometimes put in the accusative in poetry, to denote aim of motion: as, <b>abiīt Ālidem</b>, Pl. @@ -28529,12 +28520,12 @@ preceded by <b>in</b> or <b>ad</b>, as are also appellatives regularly in prose; but in poetry, even appellatives without a preposition are common.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1162" id = "sec1162" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1162" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1162.</a></b> (2.) The accusatives <b>domum</b>, <b>rūs</b>, and <b>forās</b>, are used like proper names of towns: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1162a" id = "sec1162a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1162a">a.</a></i>) <b>eō domum</b>, Pl. <i>Mer.</i> 659, <i>I’m going home</i>. <b>equitēs domum contendērunt</b>, 2, 24, 4, <i>the cavalry hurried home</i>. <b>domum reditiōnis spē sublātā</b>, 1, 5, 3, <i>the hope of a return @@ -28543,14 +28534,14 @@ home being out of the question</i> (<a href = "#sec1129">1129</a>). out of town</i>. (<i>c.</i>) <b>effūgī forās</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 945, <i>I ran out of doors</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1163" id = "sec1163" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1163" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1163.</a></b> The singular <b>domum</b> is always retained by Caesar, even when two or more separate persons or parties are spoken of. Plautus, Sallust, and Nepos, have the plural <b>domōs</b> once each, and Cicero and Livy use it occasionally.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1164" id = "sec1164" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1164" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1164.</a></b> The accusative <b>domum</b> or <b>domōs</b> sometimes has an attribute, usually a possessive pronoun: as, <b>domum suam quemque revertī</b>, 2, @@ -28563,7 +28554,7 @@ palace</i>. The preposition <b>in</b> is sometimes used when the attribute is a genitive or a possessive pronoun, and commonly when it is any adjective but a possessive pronoun.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1165" id = "sec1165" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1165" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1165.</a></b> (3.) In old Latin, <b>exsequiās</b> and <b>īnfitiās</b> are also used with <b>eō</b>, and sometimes <b>malam crucem</b> and <b>malam rem</b>, @@ -28576,7 +28567,7 @@ Later writers, as Nepos, Livy, and Quintilian, use <b>īnfitiās eō</b> again, and, from Sallust on, <b>vēnum eō</b> and <b>vēnum dō</b> sometimes occur for <b>vēneō</b> and <b>vēndō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1166" id = "sec1166" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1166" href = "#simple_acc_aim">1166.</a></b> With the accusative in <b>-tum</b> (or <b>-sum</b>), called the supine, the idea of ‘aim’ passes over into that of ‘purpose:’ as <b>mīlitātum @@ -28584,15 +28575,15 @@ abiīt</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 117, <i>he’s gone away a soldiering</i> (<a href = "#sec2270">2270</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page200" id = "page200"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page200"> 200</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "simple_acc_two" id = "simple_acc_two" +<p class = "header"><a id = "simple_acc_two" href = "#simple_acc">TWO ACCUSATIVES COMBINED.</a></p> -<h6><a name = "simple_acc_two_obj" id = "simple_acc_two_obj" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_acc_two_obj" href = "#simple_acc_two">Object and Predicate.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1167" id = "sec1167" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1167" href = "#simple_acc_two_obj">1167.</a></b> Many verbs may take two accusatives, an object and a predicate.</p> @@ -28616,7 +28607,7 @@ saw in Crassus</i>. <b>sevērum mē praebeō</b>, <i>C.</i> 4, 12, predicate become nominatives: as, <b>Caesar certior factus est</b>, 3, 19, 5, <i>Caesar was informed</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1168" id = "sec1168" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1168" href = "#simple_acc_two_obj">1168.</a></b> In the sense of <i>consider as equivalent to</i>, <b>dūcō</b> and <b>habeō</b>, less frequently <b>putō</b>, have the ablative with @@ -28624,10 +28615,10 @@ In the sense of <i>consider as equivalent to</i>, <b>dūcō</b> and found in the dictionary.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_acc_two_person" id = "simple_acc_two_person" href +<h6><a id = "simple_acc_two_person" href = "#simple_acc_two">Person and Thing.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1169" id = "sec1169" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1169" href = "#simple_acc_two_person">1169.</a></b> (1.) Some verbs of teaching and hiding, demanding and questioning, may take two accusatives, one of a person and one of a thing.</p> @@ -28651,7 +28642,7 @@ on the Miletus people for a vessel</i>. <b>quid me istud rogās?</b> sententiam rogāvit</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 2, 1, 3, <i>Racilius asked me my opinion</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1170" id = "sec1170" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1170" href = "#simple_acc_two_person">1170.</a></b> With <b>doceō</b>, meaning <i>inform</i>, <b>cēlō</b>, <b>rogō</b>, and <b>interrogō</b>, the ablative of the thing with <b>dē</b> is also used. @@ -28659,12 +28650,12 @@ And with <b>flāgitō</b> and <b>poscō</b>, sometimes the ablative of the person with <b>ab</b>, with <b>cēlō</b> the ablative of the person with <b>dē</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1171" id = "sec1171" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1171" href = "#simple_acc_two_person">1171.</a></b> In the passive the person becomes the subject, and the accusative of a neuter pronoun or adjective is retained: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page201" id = "page201"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page201"> 201</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>nōsne hoc cēlātōs tam diū</b>, T. <i>Hec.</i> 645, <i>for us not to be told of this so long</i>; rarely with reversed @@ -28677,7 +28668,7 @@ constructions of <b>doctus</b>, and of the passive of <b>cēlō</b>, <b>flāgitō</b>, <b>poscō</b>, <b>rogō</b> and <b>interrogō</b>, may be found in the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1172" id = "sec1172" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1172" href = "#simple_acc_two_person">1172.</a></b> (2.) Verbs of wishing, reminding, inducing, and accusing, and some others, also sometimes take an accusative of the person and one of the @@ -28693,7 +28684,7 @@ want you to be reminded</i> (<a href = "#sec1171">1171</a>). In old Latin, accusatives of appellatives also are thus used, and sometimes also with <b>dōnō</b> and <b>condōnō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1173" id = "sec1173" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1173" href = "#simple_acc_two_person">1173.</a></b> (3.) The defining accusative is sometimes combined with an accusative of the person: as, <b>tam tē bāsia multa bāsiāre</b>, Cat. 7, 9, <i>thee to @@ -28703,15 +28694,15 @@ defining accusative: as, <b>ōdissem tē odiō Vatīniānō</b>, Cat. 14, 3, <i>I should hate thee with a Vatinian hate</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_acc_two_ext" id = "simple_acc_two_ext" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_acc_two_ext" href = "#simple_acc_two">Object and Extent, Duration, or Aim.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1174" id = "sec1174" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1174" href = "#simple_acc_two_ext">1174.</a></b> The accusative of extent or duration, or of aim of motion is often combined with that of the object: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1174a" id = "sec1174a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1174a">a.</a></i>) <b>mīlia passuum decem novem mūrum perdūcit</b>, 1, 8, 1, <i>he makes a wall nineteen miles</i> (<a href = "#sec1151">1151</a>). <b>mātrōnae annum eum lūxērunt</b>, L. 2, 7, 4. <i>the married women wore mourning @@ -28724,26 +28715,26 @@ combinations, see <a href = "#sec1138">1138</a>, <a href = "#sec1198">1198</a>, and 2270.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_dat" id = "simple_dat" href = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_dat" href = "#simple_noun_case">THE DATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1175" id = "sec1175" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1175" href = "#simple_dat">1175.</a></b> The dative denotes that for or to which a thing is or is done, and either accompanies single words, such as verbs, adjectives, sometimes adverbs, rarely substantives, or serves to modify the entire sentence. It has two principal uses.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1176" id = "sec1176" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1176" href = "#simple_dat">1176.</a></b> I. The dative is used as a complement. Complements may be roughly distinguished as essential or optional. But these two complements are not always separated by a sharp line, and the same dative may sometimes be referred indifferently to either head.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page202" id = "page202"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page202"> 202</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1177" id = "sec1177" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1177" href = "#simple_dat">1177.</a></b> (1.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Essential Complement</span> is a dative of the person or thing added to an idea which is felt as @@ -28757,7 +28748,7 @@ action merely, without reference to its bearing, such a verb may be used without a dative: as, <b>pāret</b>, <i>he is obedient</i>, <i>he yields obedience</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1178" id = "sec1178" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1178" href = "#simple_dat">1178.</a></b> (2.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Optional Complement</span>, that is, the dative of interest, advantage, or disadvantage, adds something to an @@ -28769,31 +28760,31 @@ is a statement entirely complete in itself; it may be modified or not, at option, by a dative, thus: <b>carmina virginibus puerīsque cantō</b>, <i>verses for maids and boys I chant</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1179" id = "sec1179" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1179" href = "#simple_dat">1179.</a></b> II. The dative of certain substantives is used predicatively (<a href = "#sec1219">1219</a>).</p> -<h6 class = "extra topline"><a name = "simple_dat_comp" id = +<h6 class = "extra topline"><a id = "simple_dat_comp" href = "#simple_dat">I. THE COMPLEMENTARY DATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "header"><a name = "simple_dat_essential" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "simple_dat_essential" href = "#simple_dat_comp">(1.) THE ESSENTIAL COMPLEMENT.</a></p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_dat_verb" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_dat_verb" href = "#simple_dat_essential">The Dative with Verbs.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1180" id = "sec1180" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1180" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1180.</a></b> Many verbs require a dative to complete their meaning.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">With Verbs of Intransitive Use.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1181" id = "sec1181" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1181" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1181.</a></b> (1.) Many verbs of intransitive use, particularly such as denote a state, disposition, feeling, or quality, take the dative: as,</p> @@ -28818,9 +28809,9 @@ even to offer advice</i>. In the passive, such verbs are used impersonally, the dative remaining (<a href = "#sec1034">1034</a>); personal constructions are rare and poetical.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page203" id = "page203"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page203"> 203</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1182" id = "sec1182" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1182" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1182.</a></b> This dative is used with such verbs or verbal expressions as mean <i>am pleasing</i> or <i>displeasing</i>, <i>helpful</i> or <i>injurious</i>, @@ -28833,7 +28824,7 @@ in English; and some verbs of the meanings above are used transitively in Latin: as, <b>dēlectō</b>, <b>iuvō</b>, <b>laedō</b>, &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1183" id = "sec1183" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1183" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1183.</a></b> The dative is rarely used with a form of <b>sum</b> and a predicate noun corresponding in meaning with the verbs above (<a href = @@ -28847,7 +28838,7 @@ millionaire</i>. <b>optemperātiō lēgibus</b>, <i>Leg.</i> 1, 42, <i>obedience to the laws</i>. <b>aemula labra rosīs</b>, Mart. 4, 42, 10, <i>lips rivalling the rose</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1184" id = "sec1184" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1184" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1184.</a></b> Some verbs have a variable use without any difference of meaning: thus, <b>cūrō</b>, <b>decet</b>, and <b>vītō</b>, have sometimes the dative in @@ -28856,7 +28847,7 @@ accusative; from Nepos on, the dative as well. <b>medeor</b>, <b>medicor</b>, and <b>praestōlor</b> take either the accusative or the dative.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1185" id = "sec1185" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1185" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1185.</a></b> Some verbs have an accusative with one meaning, a dative of the complement, essential or optional, with another: see <b>aemulor</b>, @@ -28865,7 +28856,7 @@ complement, essential or optional, with another: see <b>aemulor</b>, <b>moderor</b>, <b>prōspiciō</b>, <b>temperō</b>, <b>timeō</b>, and the different uses of <b>invideō</b>, in the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1186" id = "sec1186" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1186" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1186.</a></b> In poetry, verbs of union, of contention, and of difference, often take a dative: as, (<i>a.</i>) <b>haeret laterī lētālis harundō</b>, V. 4, @@ -28879,7 +28870,7 @@ with <b>bellō</b>, <b>certō</b>, <b>contendō</b>, <b>pugnō</b>. with <b>differō</b>, <b>discrepō</b>, <b>dissentiō</b>, <b>distō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1187" id = "sec1187" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1187" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1187.</a></b> A verb often takes the dative, when combined with <b>adversum</b>, <b>obviam</b>, or <b>praestō</b>, also with <b>bene</b>, <b>male</b>, or @@ -28892,7 +28883,7 @@ fortēs, satis facere rē̆ī pūblicae vidēmur</b>, <i>C.</i> 1, 2, <i>we doughty champions flatter ourselves we are doing our whole duty by the state</i>. Similarly with verbs of transitive use.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1188" id = "sec1188" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1188" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1188.</a></b> (2.) Many verbs of intransitive use compounded with a preposition take a dative connected in sense with the preposition: as,</p> @@ -28907,7 +28898,7 @@ night broodeth black</i>. <b>cōgnitiōnibus dē Chrīstiānīs interfuī numquam</b>, Plin. <i>Ep. ad Trai.</i> 96 [97], 1, <i>I have never been to any of the trials of the Christians</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1189" id = "sec1189" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1189" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1189.</a></b> The prepositions are chiefly <b>ad</b>, <b>ante</b>, <b>com-</b>, <b>in</b>, <b>inter</b>, <b>ob</b>, <b>prae</b>, <b>sub</b>, or @@ -28918,9 +28909,9 @@ mihī̆</b>, <i>he puts all trust in me</i> (<a href = feels with me</i>, nearly equivalent to <b>sentit mēcum</b> (<a href = "#sec1188">1188</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page204" id = "page204"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page204"> 204</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1190" id = "sec1190" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1190" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1190.</a></b> Instead of the dative, such verbs often have a prepositional construction, particularly when place, literal or figurative, is @@ -28930,7 +28921,7 @@ distinctly to be expressed: as,</p> go to a funeral</i>. <b>in morbum incidit</b>, <i>Clu.</i> 175, <i>he fell ill</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1191" id = "sec1191" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1191" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1191.</a></b> Some verbs of intransitive use take, when compounded, either the dative or the accusative. See <b>adiaceō</b>, <b>antecēdō</b>, <b>anteeō</b>, @@ -28942,7 +28933,7 @@ acquire a transitive use altogether, as <b>obeō</b>, <b>oppugnō</b>: see <p class = "header smallcaps">With Verbs of Transitive Use.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1192" id = "sec1192" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1192" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1192.</a></b> (1.) Many verbs of transitive use take the dative: as,</p> @@ -28959,7 +28950,7 @@ crēdidērunt</b>, 6, 31, 4, <i>many people put themselves in the hands of utter strangers</i>. <b>equitēs imperat cīvitātibus</b>, 6, 4, 6, <i>he issues orders to the communities for horse</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1193" id = "sec1193" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1193" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1193.</a></b> This dative is used with such verbs as <b>dō</b>, <b>trādō</b>, <b>tribuō</b>, <b>dīvidō</b>, <b>ferō</b>, <b>praebeō</b>, @@ -28968,7 +28959,7 @@ This dative is used with such verbs as <b>dō</b>, <b>trādō</b>, <b>praecipiō</b>, &c., &c. In the passive construction, the accusative becomes nominative, the dative remaining.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1194" id = "sec1194" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1194" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1194.</a></b> (2.) Many verbs of transitive use compounded with a preposition take a dative connected in sense with the preposition: as,</p> @@ -28986,14 +28977,14 @@ is nobody I put before him</i>. <b>hībernīs Labiēnum praeposuit</b>, 1, gallīnīs saepe suppōnimus</b>, <i>DN.</i> 2, 124, <i>we often put ducks’ eggs under hens</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1195" id = "sec1195" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1195" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1195.</a></b> The prepositions are <b>circum</b>, <b>dē</b>, <b>ex</b>, <b>post</b>, or those named in 1189. In many compounds of transitive use, however, the dative is due to the general meaning of the verb, as with those spoken of in 1189.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1196" id = "sec1196" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1196" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1196.</a></b> With these verbs, a prepositional construction is often used, as with the verbs of intransitive use (<a href = "#sec1190">1190</a>): as,</p> @@ -29003,9 +28994,9 @@ the verbs of intransitive use (<a href = "#sec1190">1190</a>): as,</p> compounds of <b>circum</b> and <b>trāns</b> with two accusatives, see <a href = "#sec1138">1138</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page205" id = "page205"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page205"> 205</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1197" id = "sec1197" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1197" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1197.</a></b> Verbs of transitive use compounded with <b>com-</b> have oftener the ablative with <b>cum</b>: as, <b>cōnferte hanc pācem cum illō bellō</b>, @@ -29014,7 +29005,7 @@ in the dictionary, <b>coniungō</b> and <b>compōnō</b>; also the indirect compounds <b>comparō</b>, <i>compare</i>, from <b>compār</b>, and <b>commūnicō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1198" id = "sec1198" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1198" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1198.</a></b> With a few compounds of <b>ad</b> or <b>in</b>, a second accusative is exceptionally used: as, <b>arbitrum illum adēgit</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 66, @@ -29025,7 +29016,7 @@ columellam</b>, <i>TD.</i> 5, 65, <i>I noticed a modest shaft</i>. <b>quā rē animum adversā</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 1, 80, 4, <i>this fact being paid heed to</i>: compare 1138.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1199" id = "sec1199" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1199" href = "#simple_dat_verb">1199.</a></b> A few compound verbs admit either the dative of the person or thing and accusative of the thing, or the accusative of the person or thing and @@ -29038,11 +29029,11 @@ to the soldiers</i>. <b>scrībam tuum ānulō dōnāstī</b>, <i>V.</i> 3, constructions of <b>interdīcō</b>, see the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_dat_adj" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_dat_adj" href = "#simple_dat_essential">The Dative with Adjectives.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1200" id = "sec1200" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1200" href = "#simple_dat_adj">1200.</a></b> The dative with many adjectives and some adverbs denotes that to which the quality is directed.</p> @@ -29060,7 +29051,7 @@ with government</i>. <b>ōrātiōnis genus pompae quam pugnae aptius</b>, field</i>. <b>convenienter nātūrae vīvere</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 13, <i>to live in touch with nature</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1201" id = "sec1201" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1201" href = "#simple_dat_adj">1201.</a></b> Some adjectives of this class have the dative of a person, the accusative with <b>ad</b> of a thing: so <b>accommodātus</b>, @@ -29072,7 +29063,7 @@ some denoting feeling have also the accusative with a preposition: an accusative, like <b>prope</b>, <b>propius</b>, and <b>proximē</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1202" id = "sec1202" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1202" href = "#simple_dat_adj">1202.</a></b> The adjectives <b>commūnis</b>, <b>proprius</b> or <b>aliēnus</b>, <b>sacer</b>, <b>tōtus</b>, often accompany the construction of the @@ -29080,7 +29071,7 @@ genitive of the owner: see <a href = "#sec1238">1238</a>. For <b>aliēnus</b> with the ablative, see <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>. Sometimes <b>aliēnus</b> has the ablative with <b>ab</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1203" id = "sec1203" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1203" href = "#simple_dat_adj">1203.</a></b> Some adjectives denoting relationship, connection, friendship or hostility, become substantives, and as such, admit the genitive also (<a @@ -29090,7 +29081,7 @@ href = "#sec1103">1103</a>): such are (<i>a.</i>) <b>adfīnis</b>, <b>vīcīnus</b>; (<i>c.</i>) <b>adversārius</b>, <b>amīcus</b>, <b>inimīcus</b>, <b>necessārius</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1204" id = "sec1204" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1204" href = "#simple_dat_adj">1204.</a></b> In Plautus and Terence, <b>similis</b>, <i>the like</i>, <i>the counterpart</i>, and its compounds, regularly take the genitive. The @@ -29099,14 +29090,14 @@ particularly of a limited or approximate likeness: see the dictionary.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page206" id = "page206"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page206"> 206</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "simple_dat_optional" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "simple_dat_optional" href = "#simple_dat_comp">(2.) THE OPTIONAL COMPLEMENT.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1205" id = "sec1205" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1205" href = "#simple_dat_optional">1205.</a></b> The dative of a person or thing interested, benefited, harmed, may be added at option to almost any verb: as,</p> @@ -29121,7 +29112,7 @@ bind’st thou in wreaths thy golden hair, plain in thy neatness?</i> <i>Hau.</i> 953, <i>he durst not to an unprotected female do what he hath done towards me</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1206" id = "sec1206" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1206" href = "#simple_dat_optional">1206.</a></b> The place of a verb with the dative of interest is sometimes filled by an interjection, <b>ecce</b>, <b>ei</b>, <b>em</b>, or <b>vae</b>: as, @@ -29131,7 +29122,7 @@ did look</i>. <b>vae vīctīs</b>, Pl. <i>Ps.</i> 1317, said by Brennus, the worsted</i>. <b>vae capitī atque aetātī tuae</b>, Pl. <i>R.</i> 375, <i>a murrain on thy head and life</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1207" id = "sec1207" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1207" href = "#simple_dat_optional">1207.</a></b> The dative is often added to the entire sentence, where either a genitive or a possessive pronoun limiting a substantive might be @@ -29152,7 +29143,7 @@ the hopes of our soldiers</i>. <b>extergē tibi manūs</b>, Pl. lascīvī puerī</b>, H. <i>S.</i> 1, 3, 133, <i>the wanton gamins pull thy beard, poor soul</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1208" id = "sec1208" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1208" href = "#simple_dat_optional">1208.</a></b> This dative is sometimes detached from the verb, and used immediately with a substantive, instead of the genitive: as, <b>Philocōmasiō @@ -29162,7 +29153,7 @@ So particularly with a gerundive in official expressions: as, <b>cūrātor mūrīs reficiendīs</b>, <i>OG.</i> 19, <i>commissioner for rebuilding the walls</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1209" id = "sec1209" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1209" href = "#simple_dat_optional">1209.</a></b> Verbs of warding off sometimes take a dative, especially in poetry, also those of robbing and ridding: as, (<i>a.</i>) <b>hunc quoque arcēbis @@ -29174,7 +29165,7 @@ pulled a torque away from his enemy</i>. <b>ēripiēs mihī̆ hunc errōrem</b>, <i>Att.</i> 10, 4, 6, <i>you will rid me of this mistake</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1210" id = "sec1210" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1210" href = "#simple_dat_optional">1210.</a></b> With verbs of motion the dative of the person interested denotes in poetry the end of motion also: as, <b>multōs Danaūm dēmittimus Orcō</b>, @@ -29186,13 +29177,13 @@ hears a shout</i>. <b>sēdibus hunc refer ante suīs</b>, V. 6, 152, grave receive him.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page207" id = "page207"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page207"> 207</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_dat_emo" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_dat_emo" href = "#simple_dat_optional">The Emotional Dative.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1211" id = "sec1211" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1211" href = "#simple_dat_emo">1211.</a></b> The dative of the personal pronoun is often used with expressions of emotion, interest, surprise, or derision: as,</p> @@ -29205,11 +29196,11 @@ minimē exspectārem, vēnit ad mē Canīnius māne</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 9, 2, 1, me all at once but Caninius, bright and early</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_dat_poss" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_dat_poss" href = "#simple_dat_optional">The Dative of the Possessor.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1212" id = "sec1212" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1212" href = "#simple_dat_poss">1212.</a></b> The dative is used with forms of <b>sum</b> to denote the possessor: as,</p> @@ -29222,7 +29213,7 @@ every man his own pet way</i>. So also with the compounds <b>absum</b>, <b>dēsum</b>, <b>supersum</b>: as, <b>hoc ūnum Caesarī dēfuit</b>, 4, 26, 5, <i>this was all Caesar lacked</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1213" id = "sec1213" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1213" href = "#simple_dat_poss">1213.</a></b> (1.) With <b>mihī̆ est nōmen</b>, the name is put either in the dative or in the nominative: as,</p> @@ -29238,7 +29229,7 @@ nominative. Tacitus puts adjectives in the dative, substantives in the nominative, rarely in the genitive. Caesar does not use the construction.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1214" id = "sec1214" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1214" href = "#simple_dat_poss">1214.</a></b> (2.) With the actives <b>nōmen dō</b>, <b>indō</b>, <b>pōnō</b>, <b>tribuō</b>, &c., the name may be in the dative or in the @@ -29252,14 +29243,14 @@ had given his sons the names Philip and Alexander</i>. A genitive dependent on <b>nōmen</b> is used once by Tacitus and in very late Latin.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1215" id = "sec1215" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1215" href = "#simple_dat_poss">1215.</a></b> With a gerundive, the dative of the possessor denotes the person who has the action to do: see <a href = "#sec2243">2243</a>. For the ablative with <b>ab</b>, or for <b>habeō</b>, see <a href = "#sec2243">2243</a>, <a href = "#sec2245">2245</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1216" id = "sec1216" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1216" href = "#simple_dat_poss">1216.</a></b> This dative is sometimes used with the perfect participle, and the tenses formed with it: as, <b>mihī̆ est ēlabōrātum</b>, <i>Caecil.</i> @@ -29271,13 +29262,13 @@ pōtōribus</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 19, 2, <i>no verse can take or be longlived that by teetotallers is writ</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page208" id = "page208"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page208"> 208</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_dat_rel" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_dat_rel" href = "#simple_dat_optional">The Dative of Relation.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1217" id = "sec1217" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1217" href = "#simple_dat_rel">1217.</a></b> The dative may denote the person viewing or judging: as,</p> @@ -29290,7 +29281,7 @@ as, <b>est urbe ēgressīs tumulus</b>, V. 2, 713, <i>there is, as you get out of town, a mound</i>. <b>in ūniversum aestimantī</b>, Ta. <i>G.</i> 6, <i>looking at it generally</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1218" id = "sec1218" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1218" href = "#simple_dat_rel">1218.</a></b> In imitation of a Greek idiom, <b>volēns</b>, <b>cupiēns</b>, or <b>invītus</b>, is used by Sallust and Tacitus in agreement with a @@ -29301,14 +29292,14 @@ fuit</b>, Ta. <i>H.</i> 3, 43, i.e. <b>cēterī remanēre voluērunt</b>, <i>the rest were minded to bide where they were</i>. Once in Livy.</p> -<h6 class = "extra"><a name = "simple_dat_pred" id = "simple_dat_pred" +<h6 class = "extra"><a id = "simple_dat_pred" href = "#simple_dat">II. THE PREDICATIVE DATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_dat_tend" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_dat_tend" href = "#simple_dat_pred">The Dative of Tendency or Result.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1219" id = "sec1219" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1219" href = "#simple_dat_tend">1219.</a></b> (1.) Certain datives are used with a form of <b>sum</b> to denote what a thing tends to, proves, or is. This dative is generally accompanied by a @@ -29326,7 +29317,7 @@ who the person benefited was</i>, or <i>who the gainer was</i>. et fortūnae tuae mihī̆ maximae cūrae sunt</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 6, 5, 1, <i>your money-matters are an all-absorbing interest to me</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1220" id = "sec1220" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1220" href = "#simple_dat_tend">1220.</a></b> There are many of these datives, mostly abstracts and all singular, some of the commonest are <b>cūrae</b>, <b>ūsuī</b>, <b>praesidiō</b>, @@ -29336,7 +29327,7 @@ of the commonest are <b>cūrae</b>, <b>ūsuī</b>, <b>praesidiō</b>, sometimes used in agreement with them; and the dative <b>frūgī</b> sometimes has <b>bonae</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1221" id = "sec1221" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1221" href = "#simple_dat_tend">1221.</a></b> Instead of the dative of tendency, a predicative nominative or accusative is rarely used: thus, <b>possessiōnem līberam Dardaniae @@ -29346,12 +29337,12 @@ fuit</b>, L. 6, 30, 9, <i>the peace that prevailed at home was a solid comfort</i>. Prepositional expressions with <b>prō</b> and <b>in</b> also occur.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1222" id = "sec1222" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1222" href = "#simple_dat_tend">1222.</a></b> (2.) The dative is also used with a few verbs of considering or accounting to denote what a thing is accounted.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page209" id = "page209"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page209"> 209</a></span> <p class = "fourth">So with such verbs as <b>dō</b>, <b>dūcō</b>, <b>habeō</b>, <b>tribuō</b>, and <b>vertō</b>: as, <b>vitiō mihī̆ dant, @@ -29362,11 +29353,11 @@ coepit</b>, S. <i>C.</i> 12, 1, <i>after lack of wealth began to count as a stigma</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_dat_purp" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_dat_purp" href = "#simple_dat_pred">The Dative of Purpose or Intention.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1223" id = "sec1223" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1223" href = "#simple_dat_purp">1223.</a></b> A few datives are used to denote what a thing is intended to be. This dative is generally accompanied by a dative of the person @@ -29382,7 +29373,7 @@ quī praesidiō contrā castra erant relictī, subsidiō suīs iērunt</b>, 7, 62, 8, <i>the men that had been left as a protection against the camp, went as a reinforcement to their own side</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1224" id = "sec1224" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1224" href = "#simple_dat_purp">1224.</a></b> For the datives <b>dōnō</b> and <b>mūnerī</b>, a predicative nominative or accusative is sometimes used: as, <b>corōnam Iovī dōnum in capitōlium @@ -29393,7 +29384,7 @@ title = "text has . for ,">as,</ins> <b>ad praesidium</b>, L. 3, 5, 3, <b>in pra L. 31, 16, 7, <i>for protection</i>, <b>auxiliī causā</b>, L. 2, 24, 4, <i>to help</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1225" id = "sec1225" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1225" href = "#simple_dat_purp">1225.</a></b> The dative <b>receptuī</b> is also used in military language to denote purpose: as, <b>Caesar receptuī canī iussit</b>, 7, 47, 1, <i>Caesar @@ -29403,10 +29394,10 @@ to a substantive: as, <b>receptuī sīgnum</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 13, 15, <i>the trumpet for retreat</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_gen" id = "simple_gen" href = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_gen" href = "#simple_noun_case">THE GENITIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1226" id = "sec1226" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1226" href = "#simple_gen">1226.</a></b> The genitive is principally used with nouns, less frequently with verbs. Sometimes even when it seems to be dependent on a verb, it really @@ -29415,11 +29406,11 @@ implied in the verb. Some verbs require an accusative also, in addition to the genitive.</p> -<h6 class = "extra topline"><a name = "simple_gen_subst" id = +<h6 class = "extra topline"><a id = "simple_gen_subst" href = "#simple_gen">I. THE GENITIVE WITH SUBSTANTIVES.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1227" id = "sec1227" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1227" href = "#simple_gen">1227.</a></b> A substantive is often limited by another substantive in the genitive.</p> @@ -29435,9 +29426,9 @@ soldiers</i> (<a href = "#sec1242">1242</a>); <b>magna multitūdō perditōrum hominum</b>, <i>a perfect swarm of desperadoes</i> (<a href = "#sec1255">1255</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page210" id = "page210"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page210"> 210</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1228" id = "sec1228" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1228" href = "#simple_gen">1228.</a></b> Two or even three genitives expressing different relations, sometimes limit one substantive: as, <b>superiōrum diērum Sabīnī cunctātiō</b>, 3, @@ -29446,7 +29437,7 @@ cōnsuētūdine itineris nostrī exercitūs perspectā</b>, 2, 17, 2, <i>studying up the order of march followed by our army in those days</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1229" id = "sec1229" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1229" href = "#simple_gen">1229.</a></b> The limited substantive is often omitted, when it is obvious from the context: as, <b>ventum erat ad Vestae</b>, sc. <b>aedem</b>, H. @@ -29458,13 +29449,13 @@ possit cōnferre vītam Trebōnī cum Dolābellae?</b> <i>Ph.</i> 11, 9, <i>who is there that can compare the life of Trebonius with Dolabella’s?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1230" id = "sec1230" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1230" href = "#simple_gen">1230.</a></b> Instead of the genitive depending on a substantive, an equivalent adjective or a prepositional expression is often used. Such substitutions will be mentioned below in their appropriate places.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1231" id = "sec1231" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1231" href = "#simple_gen">1231.</a></b> The relations expressed by the limiting genitive vary very much according to the context. These relations may be put in classes, as @@ -29473,11 +29464,11 @@ that as the genitive connects substantives in a loose way, the same construction may sometimes be referred to more than one head.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_subj" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_subj" href = "#simple_gen">The Genitive of the Subject, Cause, Origin, or Owner.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1232" id = "sec1232" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1232" href = "#simple_gen_subj">1232.</a></b> (1.) The genitive is used to denote that which does the action, or which causes, originates, or possesses the object designated by the @@ -29499,12 +29490,12 @@ the vessels on the sideboard</i>. <b>prīdiē eius diēī</b>, 1, 47, 2, <b>labrōrum tenus</b>, Lucr. 1, 940, <i>the length of the lips</i> (<a href = "#sec1420">1420</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1233" id = "sec1233" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1233" href = "#simple_gen_subj">1233.</a></b> Instead of the genitive, an adjective is often used to express such relations; less frequently a prepositional construction: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1233a" id = "sec1233a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1233a">a.</a></i>) <b>odium paternum</b>, N. 23, 1, 3, <i>the hatred felt by his father</i>. <b>servīlī tumultū</b>, 1, 40, 5, <i>in the slave insurrection</i>. <b>bellō Cassiānō</b>, 1, 13, 2, <i>in the war with @@ -29520,9 +29511,9 @@ in a generalizing sense: as, <b>paternus māternusque sanguī̆s</b>, (<i>b.</i>) <b>ad Cannās pugnam</b>, L. 22, 58, 1, <i>the battle of Cannae</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page211" id = "page211"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page211"> 211</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1234" id = "sec1234" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1234" href = "#simple_gen_subj">1234.</a></b> The possessive pronoun is regularly used instead of the possessive genitive of a personal or reflexive pronoun (<a href = @@ -29536,7 +29527,7 @@ personal or reflexive is used: as, <b>magnō suī cum perīculō</b>, 4, 28, <b>utriusque</b>: as, <b>voluntātī vestrūm omnium pāruī</b>, <i>DO.</i> 3, 208, <i>I yielded to your joint wish</i>; see however 1235.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1235" id = "sec1235" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1235" href = "#simple_gen_subj">1235.</a></b> A word in apposition with the possessive pronoun is put in the genitive: as, <b>meā ūnīus operā</b>, <i>Pis.</i> 6, <i>by my sole @@ -29545,7 +29536,7 @@ instrumentality</i>. <b>ad vestram omnium caedem</b>, <i>C.</i> 4, 4, particularly <b>ipse</b>, <b>omnis</b>, <b>sōlus</b>, and <b>ūnus</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1236" id = "sec1236" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1236" href = "#simple_gen_subj">1236.</a></b> The genitive is often used predicatively with verbs meaning <i>am</i>, <i>belong</i>, <i>become</i>, <i>make</i>, <i>seem</i>, <i>am @@ -29561,13 +29552,13 @@ populī Rōmānī</b>, 1, 45, 1, <i>and that he did not think Gaul was any more Ariovistus’s than it was the Romans’</i>. <b>hostiumst potīta</b>, Pl. <i>E.</i> 562, <i>into the foemen’s hands she fell</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1237" id = "sec1237" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1237" href = "#simple_gen_subj">1237.</a></b> The possessive genitive of a person or of an abstract is particularly common when the subject of the verb is an infinitive or sentence: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1237a" id = "sec1237a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1237a">a.</a></i>) <b>scyphīs pugnāre Thrācum est</b>, H. 1, 27, 1, <i>to fight with bowls is Vandal work</i>. <b>erat āmentis, cum aciem vidērēs, pācem cōgitāre</b>, <i>Lig.</i> 28, <i>it was a madman’s act, dreaming of @@ -29586,7 +29577,7 @@ courage</i>. <b>negāvit mōris esse Graecōrum, ut in convīviō virōrum accumberent mulierēs</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 66, <i>he said it was not manners among the Greeks to have women at table at a men’s dinner-party</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1238" id = "sec1238" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1238" href = "#simple_gen_subj">1238.</a></b> With the possessive genitive, the limited substantive is sometimes defined by <b>commūnis</b>, <b>proprius</b> or <b>aliēnus</b>, @@ -29600,17 +29591,17 @@ those gods</i>. <b>iam mē Pompēī tōtum esse scīs</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 2, 13, 2, <i>you are aware that I am become Pompey’s, out and out</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_qual" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_qual" href = "#simple_gen">The Genitive of Quality.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1239" id = "sec1239" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1239" href = "#simple_gen_qual">1239.</a></b> (2.) The genitive with an adjective in agreement is used to denote quality, either attributively or predicatively: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page212" id = "page212"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page212"> 212</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1239a" id = "sec1239a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1239a">a.</a></i>) Attributively: <b>magnī ponderis saxa</b>, 2, 29, 3, <i>stones of great weight</i>. <b>summae speī adulēscentēs</b>, 7, 63, 9, <i>young men of high promise</i>. <b>diērum vīgintī supplicātiō</b>, 4, 38, 5, @@ -29630,30 +29621,30 @@ faciē</b>, N. 15, 4, 1, <i>a man of gigantic frame and with an awe-inspiring presence</i>. But the genitive is common in designations of size and number.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1240" id = "sec1240" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1240" href = "#simple_gen_qual">1240.</a></b> A substantive expressing quality with <b>aequus</b>, <b>pār</b>, <b>similis</b>, or <b>dissimilis</b> in agreement, is put not in the genitive, but in the ablative, by Cicero, Caesar, Nepos, and Livy.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_part" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_part" href = "#simple_gen">The Partitive Genitive.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1241" id = "sec1241" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1241" href = "#simple_gen_part">1241.</a></b> (3.) The partitive genitive denotes a whole of which the limited substantive denotes a part. There are two kinds of partitive genitive, the numerical and the quantitative: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1241a" id = "sec1241a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1241a">a.</a></i>) <b>mīlitum pars</b>, 6, 40, 8, <i>part of the soldiers</i>, numerical partitive (<a href = "#sec1242">1242</a>). (<i><ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">b.</ins></i>) <b>multum aestātis</b>, 5, 22, 4, <i>much of the summer</i>, quantitative partitive (<a href = "#sec1247">1247</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1242" id = "sec1242" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1242" href = "#simple_gen_part">1242.</a></b> (a.) The numerical partitive is a plural or a collective, limiting a word expressing part of the number: as,</p> @@ -29678,7 +29669,7 @@ Mercurium colunt</b>, Ta. <i>G.</i> 9, <i>of the gods, they revere Mercury most</i>. <b>minumē gentium</b>, Pl. <i>Poen.</i> 690, T. <i>Eu.</i> 625, <i>no, never in the world</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1243" id = "sec1243" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1243" href = "#simple_gen_part">1243.</a></b> <b>uterque</b>, <i>each</i>, <i>both</i>, often takes the genitive plural of a pronoun: as, <b>quōrum uterque</b>, <b>uterque eōrum</b>, @@ -29693,16 +29684,16 @@ plural <b>utrīque</b> is used both ways: as, <b>ab utrīsque vestrūm</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 11, 21, 5, and <b>ab utrīsque nōbīs</b>, Brut. in <i>Fam.</i> 11, 20, 3.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page213" id = "page213"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page213"> 213</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1244" id = "sec1244" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1244" href = "#simple_gen_part">1244.</a></b> The plurals <b>tot</b>, <b>totidem</b>, and <b>quot</b>, are not used partitively, and <b>omnēs</b> and <b>cūnctī</b> only so by poets and late prose writers. <b>plērīque</b> is used either way, in agreement, or with the genitive.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1245" id = "sec1245" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1245" href = "#simple_gen_part">1245.</a></b> The numerical partitive is exceptionally used in poetry with the positive of a descriptive adjective: as, <b>sāncte deōrum</b>, V. 4, @@ -29711,7 +29702,7 @@ words denoting a class of persons: as, <b>cum dēlēctīs peditum</b>, L. 26, 5, 3, <i>with the pick of the infantry</i>. <b>levīs cohortium</b>, Ta. 3, 39, <i>the light-armed of the cohorts</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1246" id = "sec1246" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1246" href = "#simple_gen_part">1246.</a></b> Instead of the numerical partitive, a prepositional expression with <b>ante</b>, <b>inter</b>, or <b>in</b>, or with <b>ex</b> or <b>dē</b>, @@ -29724,7 +29715,7 @@ multīs</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 2, 66, <i>one of the common herd</i>. But <i>S.</i> 1, 9, 71. And usually so in a series, when <b>ūnus</b> is followed by <b>alter</b>, <b>alius</b>, <b>tertius</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1247" id = "sec1247" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1247" href = "#simple_gen_part">1247.</a></b> (b.) The quantitative partitive is usually a singular, limiting a neuter singular word denoting amount. The limited word is either a nominative, @@ -29744,7 +29735,7 @@ reason is there?</i> <b>hoc litterulārum</b>, <i>Att.</i> 12, 1, 1, sibī̆ sōlācī prōpōnēbant</b>, 7, 15, 2, <i>they laid this flattering unction to their souls</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1248" id = "sec1248" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1248" href = "#simple_gen_part">1248.</a></b> Such neuters are: <b>multum</b>, <b>plērumque</b>, <b>plūrimum</b>, <b>amplius</b>, <b>plūs</b>, <b>paulum</b>, <b>minus</b>, @@ -29755,7 +29746,7 @@ singular and plural. Furthermore, <b>id</b>, <b>hoc</b>, <b>illud</b>, <b>adfatim</b>, <b>largiter</b>, <b>nimis</b>, <b>partim</b>, <b>parum</b>, and <b>satis</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1249" id = "sec1249" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1249" href = "#simple_gen_part">1249.</a></b> A few adjectives of place and time indicating a particular part of an object, are commonly used in immediate agreement with their @@ -29771,7 +29762,7 @@ sometimes used partitively: as, <b>aestātis extrēmum erat</b>, S. <i>I.</i> 90, 1, <i>it was the end of summer</i>. <b>summa pectoris</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 1, 9, 15, <i>the upper parts of the breast</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1250" id = "sec1250" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1250" href = "#simple_gen_part">1250.</a></b> The limiting genitive is often the neuter singular of an adjective used substantively: as,</p> @@ -29786,9 +29777,9 @@ Lucr. <ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">1,</ins> 365, "locked">-o-</b> stem: as, <b>nihil solidī, nihil ēminentis</b>, <i>DN.</i> 1, 75, <i>no solidity, no projection</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page214" id = "page214"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page214"> 214</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1251" id = "sec1251" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1251" href = "#simple_gen_part">1251.</a></b> The partitive construction sometimes extends to the predicate: as, <b>id erit sīgnī mē invītum facere</b>, <i>RA.</i> 83, <i>this will be @@ -29803,7 +29794,7 @@ soldiers left nothing over to the conquered</i>. <b>nihil ad celeritātem sibī̆ reliquī fēcērunt</b>, 2, 26, 5, <i>as for speed, they left no effort unspared</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1252" id = "sec1252" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1252" href = "#simple_gen_part">1252.</a></b> The accusative with a preposition also sometimes has the genitive, as, <b>in id redāctus sum locī</b>, T. <i>Ph.</i> 979, <i>I am reduced @@ -29815,7 +29806,7 @@ day</i>. In Cicero, also the ablatives <b>eō</b>, <b>eōdem</b>, and that position</i>. And in later writers, other ablatives, with or without a preposition, also have a genitive.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1253" id = "sec1253" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1253" href = "#simple_gen_part">1253.</a></b> Some appellatives of place are put in the genitive with adverbs of place: as, <b>ubinam gentium?</b> Pl. <i>Mer.</i> 434, <i>C.</i> 1, 9, @@ -29825,7 +29816,7 @@ or order, as with <b>intereā</b> in Plautus and Terence, <b>postideā</b> in Plautus, <b>posteā</b> in Sallust, and <b>inde</b> in Lucretius; also <b>locōrum</b> with <b>adhūc</b> and <b>postid</b> in Plautus.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1254" id = "sec1254" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1254" href = "#simple_gen_part">1254.</a></b> In Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus, genitives of abstracts are used with the adverbs <b>eō</b>, <b>quō</b>, and <b>hūc</b>: as, <b>eō miseriārum</b>, @@ -29835,11 +29826,11 @@ S. <i>I.</i> 14, 3, <i>to that pitch of distress</i>. Ones with their daring</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_def" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_def" href = "#simple_gen">The Genitive of Definition.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1255" id = "sec1255" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1255" href = "#simple_gen_def">1255.</a></b> (4.) The genitive is used to define that of which a thing consists: as,</p> @@ -29850,7 +29841,7 @@ as,</p> <b>mīlle numerō nāvium clāssem</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 48, <i>an armada a thousand sail strong</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1256" id = "sec1256" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1256" href = "#simple_gen_def">1256.</a></b> The genitive of an explicit word containing the leading idea is sometimes used to define a more general word; as,</p> @@ -29875,9 +29866,9 @@ causes, as for instance ungrounded suspicion or a panic</i>. <b>propter eam causam sceleris istīus</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 113, <i>for this reason, namely the crime of the defendant</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page215" id = "page215"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page215"> 215</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1257" id = "sec1257" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1257" href = "#simple_gen_def">1257.</a></b> The genitive of definition is very common with <b>causā</b>, less common with <b>grātiā</b>, to define what the motive or cause is: as,</p> @@ -29890,7 +29881,7 @@ grātiā</b>, <i>RA.</i> 15, <i>in compliment to their respectability and high social standing</i>. So also sometimes with <b>nōmine</b>, and in old or official Latin, with <b>ergō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1258" id = "sec1258" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1258" href = "#simple_gen_def">1258.</a></b> Conversely, the genitive of a generic word denoting a person is sometimes added to a leading word defining the kind of a person: as, @@ -29899,7 +29890,7 @@ sometimes added to a leading word defining the kind of a person: as, shape</i>. <b>quaedam pestēs hominum</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 5, 8, 2, <i>some regular plagues in the shape of men</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1259" id = "sec1259" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1259" href = "#simple_gen_def">1259.</a></b> <b>quidquid est</b>, <b>quantum est</b>, <b>quod est</b>, or <b>quodcumque est</b>, with a genitive, is equivalent to an emphatic @@ -29911,10 +29902,10 @@ for <b>tot</b>: as, <b>tantum hominum</b>, Pl. <i>Poen.</i> 619, <i>such a mass of men</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_obj" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_obj" href = "#simple_gen">The Objective Genitive.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1260" id = "sec1260" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1260" href = "#simple_gen_obj">1260.</a></b> (5.) The objective genitive denotes the object of the action expressed in the limited substantive: as,</p> @@ -29934,7 +29925,7 @@ his hope of three legions</i>. <b>deōrum opīniō</b>, <i>TD.</i> 1, 30, honōrum</b>, <i>Off.</i> 1, 87, <i>a scramble for office is a pitiful thing</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1261" id = "sec1261" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1261" href = "#simple_gen_obj">1261.</a></b> Instead of the objective genitive, a prepositional expression is sometimes used with greater precision: as,</p> @@ -29947,12 +29938,12 @@ accusative, usually denoting a person, with <b>in</b>, <b>ergā</b>, or all mankind</i>. <b>vestra ergā mē voluntās</b>, <i>C.</i> 4, 1, <i>your good-will towards me</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1262" id = "sec1262" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1262" href = "#simple_gen_obj">1262.</a></b> A possessive pronoun or adjective is sometimes used for the objective genitive: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1262a" id = "sec1262a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1262a">a.</a></i>) <b>odiō tuō</b>, T. <i>Ph.</i> 1016, <i>from hate to thee</i>. <b>tuā fīdūciā</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 176, <i>from his reliance on you</i>. <b>aspectūque suō</b>, Lucr. 1, 91, <i>and at the sight of her</i>. @@ -29963,12 +29954,12 @@ mīlitārem largītiōnem</b>, Ta. <i>H.</i> 2, 82, <i>dead-set against any largess to the military</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page216" id = "page216"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page216"> 216</a></span> -<h6 class = "extra"><a name = "simple_gen_adj" id = "simple_gen_adj" +<h6 class = "extra"><a id = "simple_gen_adj" href = "#simple_gen">II. THE GENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1263" id = "sec1263" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1263" href = "#simple_gen_adj">1263.</a></b> (1.) The genitive is used with many adjectives to denote the object.</p> @@ -30003,7 +29994,7 @@ marī</b>, <i>IP.</i> 31, <i>when the sea was crammed with corsairs</i>. So also <b>fertilis</b>, <b>inops</b>, <b>līberālis</b>, <b>nūdus</b>, <b>prōfūsus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1264" id = "sec1264" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1264" href = "#simple_gen_adj">1264.</a></b> In poetry and late prose, a great many other adjectives of these meanings, besides those mentioned above, are also used with the @@ -30017,7 +30008,7 @@ genitive. Such are principally: (<i>a.</i>) <b>avārus</b>, <b>inānis</b>, <b>indigus</b>, <b>largus</b>, <b>parcus</b>, <b>pauper</b>, <b>prōdigus</b>, <b>sterilis</b>, <b>vacuus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1265" id = "sec1265" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1265" href = "#simple_gen_adj">1265.</a></b> With <b>cōnscius</b> and the genitive of a thing, the dative of a person is sometimes added: as, <b>tot flāgitiōrum exercituī meō cōnscius</b>, @@ -30025,7 +30016,7 @@ Ta. 1, 43, <i>a participant with my army in so many outrages</i>. Sometimes <b>cōnscius</b> has the dative of a thing: as, <b>mēns cōnscia factīs</b>, Lucr. 3, 1018, <i>the mind of guilt aware</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1266" id = "sec1266" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1266" href = "#simple_gen_adj">1266.</a></b> (2.) The genitive of the object is often used with present participles which express permanent condition.</p> @@ -30044,9 +30035,9 @@ appetēns</b>, <i>DO.</i> 2, 135, S. <i>C.</i> 5, 4, <i>always hankering after other people’s things</i>. In Caesar seldom: as, <b>fugiēns labōris</b>, <i>C.</i> 1, 69, 3, <i>apt to shirk exertion</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page217" id = "page217"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page217"> 217</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1267" id = "sec1267" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1267" href = "#simple_gen_adj">1267.</a></b> The genitive is hardly ever found with adjectives in <b>-āx</b> (<a href = "#sec284">284</a>): as, <b>huius re͡i mendācem</b>, Pl. <i>As.</i> @@ -30056,7 +30047,7 @@ whose parallel verbs have a transitive use, such as <b>capāx</b>, <b>edāx</b>, <b>tenāx</b>, &c.: as, <b>tempus edāx rērum</b>, O. 15, 234, <i>thou all-devourer—time</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1268" id = "sec1268" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1268" href = "#simple_gen_adj">1268.</a></b> Some of the adjectives which usually take the genitive have occasionally other constructions.</p> @@ -30072,7 +30063,7 @@ also occur with these adjectives, such as the accusative with <b>ad</b> or <b>in</b>, or the ablative with <b>ab</b>, <b>dē</b>, or <b>in</b>: see the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1269" id = "sec1269" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1269" href = "#simple_gen_adj">1269.</a></b> For the genitive, with words denoting relationship, connection, friendship, or hostility, see <a href = "#sec1203">1203</a>; with @@ -30083,7 +30074,7 @@ dignus salūtis?</b> Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 1153, <i>don’t I deserve a greeting too?</i> <b>indignus avōrum</b>, V. 12, 649, <i>unworthy of my sires</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1270" id = "sec1270" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1270" href = "#simple_gen_adj">1270.</a></b> (3.) In poetry and late prose, the genitive is used very freely with many adjectives of various meanings, often merely to indicate what they @@ -30102,18 +30093,18 @@ spent</i>. <b>satin tū sānu’s mentis aut animī tuī?</b> Pl. <i>Tri.</i> "#sec1339">1339</a>).</p> -<h6 class = "extra"><a name = "simple_gen_verb" id = "simple_gen_verb" +<h6 class = "extra"><a id = "simple_gen_verb" href = "#simple_gen">III. THE GENITIVE WITH VERBS.</a></h6> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_valu" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_valu" href = "#simple_gen_verb">Verbs Of Valuing.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1271" id = "sec1271" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1271" href = "#simple_gen_valu">1271.</a></b> A few neuter adjectives of quantity are put in the genitive with verbs of valuing to denote the amount of estimation; such genitives are:</p> -<table class = "plainhead"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td> <b>magnī</b>, <b>plūris</b>, <b>plūrimī</b>; <b>parvī</b>, @@ -30135,9 +30126,9 @@ important in your eyes?</i> <b>est mihī̆ tantī</b>. <i>C.</i> 2, 15, prized by his own townsmen?</i> Rarely <b>maximī</b>: as, <b>maximī aestimāre</b>, <i>Clu.</i> 159, <i>to think all the world of</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page218" id = "page218"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page218"> 218</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1272" id = "sec1272" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1272" href = "#simple_gen_valu">1272.</a></b> In expressions of worthlessness, other genitives are also used thus; such are <b>nihilī</b>, or, usually with a negative, <b>āssis</b>, @@ -30146,14 +30137,14 @@ such are <b>nihilī</b>, or, usually with a negative, <b>āssis</b>, <b>huius</b>: as, <b>huius nōn faciam</b>, T. <i>Ad.</i> 163, <i>I shall not care a snap</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1273" id = "sec1273" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1273" href = "#simple_gen_valu">1273.</a></b> With <b>aestimō</b>, the ablatives <b>magnō</b> and <b>permagnō</b> are sometimes used: as, <b>quid? tū ista permagnō aestimās?</b> <i>V.</i> 4, 13, <i>tell me, do you rate that sort of thing very high yourself?</i> Compare 1390.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1274" id = "sec1274" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1274" href = "#simple_gen_valu">1274.</a></b> The genitives <b>tantī</b> and <b>quantī</b>, <b>plūris</b> and <b>minōris</b> are also used with verbs of buying and selling, hiring @@ -30162,7 +30153,7 @@ these verbs: see <a href = "#sec1391">1391</a>. For <b>magnī</b>, &c., with <b>rēfert</b> and <b>interest</b>, see <a href = "#sec1279">1279</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1275" id = "sec1275" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1275" href = "#simple_gen_valu">1275.</a></b> A similar genitive occurs in one or two set forms, such as <b>aequī bonīque dīcō</b>, or <b>faciō</b>, <b>aequī faciō</b>, and <b>bonī @@ -30175,7 +30166,7 @@ me</i>.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Verbs <b>rēfert</b> and <b>interest</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1276" id = "sec1276" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1276" href = "#simple_gen_valu">1276.</a></b> <b>rēfert</b> and <b>interest</b>, <i>it concerns</i>, are much alike in meaning and in construction. But the use of <b>rēfert</b> is @@ -30183,14 +30174,14 @@ characteristic of old Latin and poetry; in prose from Cicero on it is almost supplanted by <b>interest</b>, especially where persons are concerned.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1277" id = "sec1277" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1277" href = "#simple_gen_valu">1277.</a></b> (1.) With <b>rēfert</b> and <b>interest</b>, a first or second person concerned is denoted by the possessive pronoun forms <b>meā</b>, <b>tuā</b>, <b>nostrā</b>, <b>vestrā</b>; and, from Cicero on, the third person reflexive by <b>suā</b>: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1277a" id = "sec1277a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1277a">a.</a></i>) <b>quid id rēfert meā?</b> Pl. <i>Cur.</i> 395, <i>what’s that to me?</i> <b>tuā istūc rēfert maxumē</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 319, <i>that is of most concern to thee</i>. <b>nōn suā rēferre</b>, <i>Quinct.</i> 19, @@ -30205,13 +30196,13 @@ title = ". missing"><i>Ph.</i></ins> 800, 940, <i>what’s that to us?</i> importance to you and to me</i>. <b>vestrā hōc maximē interest</b>, <i>Sull.</i> 79, <i>this is of vital moment to you</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1278" id = "sec1278" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1278" href = "#simple_gen_valu">1278.</a></b> (2.) With <b>interest</b>, from Cicero on, a third person or thing concerned is denoted by the genitive. Also with <b>rēfert</b>, a few times from Sallust on: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec11278a" id = +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1278a">a.</a></i>) <b>quid eius intererat?</b> <i>RA.</i> 96, <i>what concern was it of his?</i> <b>interesse rē̆ī pūblicae sē cum Pompēiō colloquī</b>, Caes. @@ -30223,9 +30214,9 @@ for the other side’s good than his own</i>. For the accusative with <b>ad</b> with these verbs, or for the dative with <b>rēfert</b>, see the dictionary.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page219" id = "page219"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page219"> 219</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1279" id = "sec1279" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1279" href = "#simple_gen_valu">1279.</a></b> The matter of concern is expressed by a sentence or infinitive, or by a neuter pronoun; rarely by an appellative: as, <b>nōn quō meā interesset @@ -30237,10 +30228,10 @@ genitive of estimation, <b>magnī</b>, <b>permagnī</b>, <b>plūris</b>, "#sec1271">1271</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_jud" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_jud" href = "#simple_gen">Judicial Verbs.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1280" id = "sec1280" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1280" href = "#simple_gen_jud">1280.</a></b> Verbs of accusing, convicting, condemning, and acquitting, take a genitive of the charge: as,</p> @@ -30261,7 +30252,7 @@ iūdiciō capitis arcēssās</b>, <i>Off.</i> 2, 51, <i>that you are never to accuse any innocent man on a charge affecting his status as a citizen</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1281" id = "sec1281" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1281" href = "#simple_gen_jud">1281.</a></b> The charge is sometimes denoted by a prepositional construction: as, <b>sescentī sunt, quī inter sīcāriōs et dē venēficiīs accūsābant</b>, @@ -30272,7 +30263,7 @@ extortion</i>, and necessarily <b>dē vī</b>, <i>of an act of violence</i>, as <b>vīs</b> has no genitive. For the neuter accusative, see <a href = "#sec1172">1172</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1282" id = "sec1282" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1282" href = "#simple_gen_jud">1282.</a></b> The penalty also is sometimes denoted by the genitive: as, <b>cupiō octuplī damnārī Aprōnium</b>, <i>V.</i> 3, 28, <i>I want to have @@ -30283,11 +30274,11 @@ amerced with penance long</i>. Sometimes by the ablative: as, penalty is a definite sum of money or fractional part of a thing.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_mental" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_mental" href = "#simple_gen">Impersonal Verbs of Mental Distress.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1283" id = "sec1283" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1283" href = "#simple_gen_mental">1283.</a></b> A genitive of the thing, commonly with an accusative of the person, is used with five impersonals of mental distress:</p> @@ -30307,7 +30298,7 @@ casque on head, a combatant repenteth him of war</i>. So also <b>miserētur</b>, and in old Latin inceptively, <b>miserēscit</b>, <b>commiserēscit</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1284" id = "sec1284" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1284" href = "#simple_gen_mental">1284.</a></b> These verbs sometimes have a sentence or a neuter pronoun as subject: as, <b>nōn tē haec pudent?</b> T. <i>Ad.</i> 754, <i>does not this make @@ -30317,9 +30308,9 @@ wedded state I’m well content</i>. Or a person: as, <b>pudeō</b>, Pl. <i>Cas.</i> 877, <i>I feel ashamed</i>. For participles and gerundives, see <a href = "#sec817">817</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page220" id = "page220"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page220"> 220</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1285" id = "sec1285" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1285" href = "#simple_gen_mental">1285.</a></b> The genitive is used with the personals <b>misereor</b> or <b>misereō</b>, and in poetry with <b>miserēscō</b>: as,</p> @@ -30331,7 +30322,7 @@ miserēre certumst, quia me͡i miseret nēminem</b>, Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 764, miserēscite rēgis</b>, V. 8, 573, <i>take pity on the king of Arcady</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1286" id = "sec1286" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1286" href = "#simple_gen_mental">1286.</a></b> Personal verbs of desiring, loathing, admiring, and dreading, sometimes take the genitive: as, <b>pol, quamquam domī cupiō, opperiar</b>, Pl. @@ -30344,10 +30335,10 @@ testimōnī veritus</b>, <i>Att.</i> 8, 4, 1, <i>not having any awe about your recommendation either</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_mem" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_mem" href = "#simple_gen">Verbs of Memory.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1287" id = "sec1287" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1287" href = "#simple_gen_mem">1287.</a></b> The genitive is used with verbs of remembering and forgetting when they denote an inherent state of memory or of forgetfulness: as,</p> @@ -30362,7 +30353,7 @@ rebuff dealt out to Rome</i>. <b>oblītusque meōrum oblīvīscendus et illīs</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 11, 10, <i>of friends forgetful and by friends forgot</i>. See <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1288" id = "sec1288" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1288" href = "#simple_gen_mem">1288.</a></b> The accusative is used with these verbs when they denote the mere intellectual exercise of memory or a failure to remember: as,</p> @@ -30376,7 +30367,7 @@ seen Sulla</i>. <b>utinam mēmet possim oblīscier!</b> Accius ap. Non. oblītus est</b>, <i>Br.</i> 217, <i>suddenly he forgot the whole case</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1289" id = "sec1289" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1289" href = "#simple_gen_mem">1289.</a></b> <b>recordor</b> has once the genitive (<i>Pis.</i> 12), but from its meaning <i>bring to heart</i> it is naturally found oftener with the @@ -30386,7 +30377,7 @@ The rare <b>reminīscor</b> has the genitive once each in Caesar and Nepos; twice later; oftener the accusative. Neuter pronouns are in the accusative with all these verbs.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1290" id = "sec1290" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1290" href = "#simple_gen_mem">1290.</a></b> The impersonal <b>venit in mentem</b> also takes the genitive: as, <b>venit mihī̆ Platōnis in mentem</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 5, 2, <i>Plato comes @@ -30395,7 +30386,7 @@ the verb in this combination is often used personally, with the thing occurring to the mind as the subject, and regularly in Cicero, when it is <b>rēs</b> or <b>genus</b>, or a neuter pronoun.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1291" id = "sec1291" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1291" href = "#simple_gen_mem">1291.</a></b> Verbs of reminding take the accusative of a person and sometimes with it the genitive of a thing: as,</p> @@ -30410,13 +30401,13 @@ equivalent to a neuter pronoun: as, <b>eam rem nōs locus admonuit</b>, S. <i>I.</i> 79, 1, <i>the place has reminded me of that</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page221" id = "page221"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page221"> 221</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_mast" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_mast" href = "#simple_gen">Verbs of Participation and Mastery.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1292" id = "sec1292" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1292" href = "#simple_gen_mast">1292.</a></b> Verbs of participation and mastery sometimes take the genitive in old Latin and in poetry: as, <b>servom su͡i participat cōnsilī</b>, Pl. @@ -30435,11 +30426,11 @@ by which Galba became master of the throne</i>. In Plautus <b>crēdō</b> sometimes has the genitive of a thing and dative of a person.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_gen_full" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_gen_full" href = "#simple_gen">Verbs of Fulness and Want.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1293" id = "sec1293" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1293" href = "#simple_gen_full">1293.</a></b> The genitive is sometimes used with verbs of filling, abounding, and lacking, as it is with the corresponding adjectives (<a href = @@ -30457,7 +30448,7 @@ celeritātis</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 6, 7, <i>this war requires rapid action</i>. But, from Livy on, the ablative is commoner with <b>indigeō</b>: see <a href = "#sec1305">1305</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1294" id = "sec1294" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1294" href = "#simple_gen_full">1294.</a></b> With verbs of separating and abstaining, the ablative is regularly used (<a href = "#sec1302">1302</a>). But the genitive is sometimes found in @@ -30466,10 +30457,10 @@ riddest me of all my woes</i>. <b>abstinētō īrārum calidaeque rixae</b>, H. 3, 27, 69, <i>from bursts of rage keep thou and hot affray</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "extra"><a name = "simple_gen_excl" id = "simple_gen_excl" +<h6 class = "extra"><a id = "simple_gen_excl" href = "#simple_gen">IV. THE GENITIVE OF EXCLAMATION.</a></h6> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1295" id = "sec1295" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1295" href = "#simple_gen_excl">1295.</a></b> In poetry, the genitive with an adjective in agreement occurs two or three times in exclamation: as, <b>foederis heu tacitī</b>, Prop. 5, 7, @@ -30478,34 +30469,34 @@ three times in exclamation: as, <b>foederis heu tacitī</b>, Prop. 5, 7, "#sec1149">1149</a>).</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_abl" id = "simple_abl" href = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_abl" href = "#simple_noun_case">THE ABLATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1296" id = "sec1296" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1296" href = "#simple_abl">1296.</a></b> The ablative is used principally with verbs and their participles, or with adjectives, and consists of three cases that were originally distinct.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1297" id = "sec1297" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1297" href = "#simple_abl">1297.</a></b> I. The <span class = "smallcaps">Ablative</span> proper denotes that from which something parts or proceeds (<a href = "#sec1302">1302</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page222" id = "page222"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page222"> 222</a></span> <p class = "fourth">The ablative proper is often accompanied by the prepositions <b>ab</b>, <b>dē</b>, <b>ex</b>, <b>prae</b>, <b>prō</b>, <b>sine</b>, or <b>tenus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1298" id = "sec1298" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1298" href = "#simple_abl">1298.</a></b> With the ablative proper two other cases, originally distinct, a locative case and an instrumental case, were confounded, and merged under the common name of the ablative.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1299" id = "sec1299" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1299" href = "#simple_abl">1299.</a></b> II. The <span class = "smallcaps">Locative</span> case denotes the place in, at, or on which action occurs. A few forms of the locative @@ -30516,7 +30507,7 @@ place where is ordinarily denoted by the locative ablative (<a href = <p class = "fourth">The locative ablative is often accompanied by the prepositions <b>in</b> or <b>sub</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1300" id = "sec1300" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1300" href = "#simple_abl">1300.</a></b> III. The <span class = "smallcaps">Instrumental</span> case denotes that by which or with which a main person or thing is attended (<a href = @@ -30525,7 +30516,7 @@ by which or with which a main person or thing is attended (<a href = <p class = "fourth">The instrumental ablative is often accompanied by the prepositions <b>cum</b> or <b>cōram</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1301" id = "sec1301" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1301" href = "#simple_abl">1301.</a></b> The ablative or locative is sometimes attached immediately to a substantive.</p> @@ -30540,20 +30531,20 @@ man of unexampled bravery</i>. See <a href = "#sec1309">1309</a> and <a href = "#sec1375">1375</a>.</p> -<h6 class = "extra topline"><a name = "simple_abl_proper" id = +<h6 class = "extra topline"><a id = "simple_abl_proper" href = "#simple_abl">I. THE ABLATIVE PROPER.</a></h6> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_sep" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_sep" href = "#simple_abl_proper">The Ablative of Separation and Want, and of Departure.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1302" id = "sec1302" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1302" href = "#simple_abl_sep">1302.</a></b> Verbs of separation take an ablative of the thing from which separation takes place: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1302a" id = "sec1302a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1302a">a.</a></i>) <b>caruit forō posteā Pompēius, caruit senātū, caruit pūblicō</b>, <i>Mil.</i> 18, <i>after that Pompey had to keep away from the market place, from the senate, from highways and byways</i>. <b>adhūc Q. @@ -30568,9 +30559,9 @@ Rōmānum</b>, L. 39, 51, 9, Hannibal’s words when he took poison, 183 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>, <i>let me relieve Rome of anxiety</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page223" id = "page223"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page223"> 223</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1303" id = "sec1303" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1303" href = "#simple_abl_sep">1303.</a></b> This ablative is used (<i>a.</i>) with such verbs as mean <i>abstain</i>, <b>abstineō</b>, <b>dēsistō</b>, <b>supersedeō</b>; @@ -30584,21 +30575,21 @@ off</i>, <b>arceō</b>, <b>exclūdō</b> and <b>interclūdō</b>, <i>deprive</i>, <b>orbō</b>, <b>prīvō</b>, <b>spoliō</b>, <b>nūdō</b>, <b>fraudō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1304" id = "sec1304" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1304" href = "#simple_abl_sep">1304.</a></b> A preposition, <b>ab</b> or <b>ex</b>, is often used with these verbs, and regularly when the ablative denotes a person. But <b>careō</b> and <b>egeō</b>, and <b>exsolvō</b> and <b>levō</b>, never have a preposition.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1305" id = "sec1305" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1305" href = "#simple_abl_sep">1305.</a></b> With <b>egeō</b>, the genitive is sometimes used, and often with <b>indigeō</b>: see <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>. Also in poetry, with verbs of abstaining and separating: see <a href = "#sec1294">1294</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1306" id = "sec1306" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1306" href = "#simple_abl_sep">1306.</a></b> The ablative of separation is sometimes used with such adjectives as <b>aliēnus</b>, <b>expers</b>, <b>līber</b>, <b>nūdus</b>, @@ -30613,11 +30604,11 @@ these, and particularly for the different constructions of <b>aliēnus</b>, see the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_name" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_name" href = "#simple_abl_proper">Town and Island Names.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1307" id = "sec1307" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1307" href = "#simple_abl_name">1307.</a></b> (1.) Proper names of towns and of little islands are put in the ablative with verbs of motion, to denote the place from which motion proceeds: @@ -30641,7 +30632,7 @@ an attribute: <b>ipsā Samō</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 51, <i>from Samos itself</i>. <b>Teānō Sidicīnō</b>, <i>Att.</i> 8, 11, <span class = "smallroman">B</span>, 2, <i>from Sidicinian Teanum</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1308" id = "sec1308" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1308" href = "#simple_abl_name">1308.</a></b> Singular town or island names sometimes have <b>ex</b> in old Latin: thus, <b>Carystō</b>, Pl. <i>Ps.</i> 730, <i>from Carystus</i>, or, @@ -30655,7 +30646,7 @@ Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 8, 4, <i>from Salonae to Oricum</i>; regularly with <b>longē</b>: as, <b>longē ā Syrācūsīs</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 107, <i>far from Syracuse</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1309" id = "sec1309" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1309" href = "#simple_abl_name">1309.</a></b> The ablative of a town or country name is rarely attached immediately to a substantive, to denote origin: as, <b>Periphanēs Rhodō mercātor @@ -30670,9 +30661,9 @@ tribe one belongs to, is regularly in the ablative: as, <b>Q. Verrem Rōmiliā,</b> sc. <b>tribū</b>, <i>V. a. pr.</i> 1, 23, <i>Verres of the tribe Romilia</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page224" id = "page224"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page224"> 224</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1310" id = "sec1310" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1310" href = "#simple_abl_name">1310.</a></b> With a verb, country names regularly have a preposition, and always in Cicero, Sallust, and Livy: as, <b>ē Ciliciā dēcēdēns</b>, @@ -30684,12 +30675,12 @@ Egypt I come home</i>. Chiefly in Tacitus: as, <b>Aegyptō remeāns</b>, 3, 58, 4, <i>they were forced to fetch fodder from Corcyra and even Acarnania</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1311" id = "sec1311" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1311" href = "#simple_abl_name">1311.</a></b> (2.) The ablatives <b>domō</b> and <b>rūre</b>, and in poetry <b>humō</b>, are used like proper names of towns: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1311a" id = "sec1311a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1311a">a.</a></i>) <b>domō excesserant</b>, 4, 14, 5, <i>they had gone away from home</i>. Also metaphorically: as, <b>domō doctus</b>, Pl. <i>Mer.</i> 355, <i>by home-experience taught</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>rūre rediīt uxor @@ -30699,11 +30690,11 @@ oculōs attollit humō</b>, O. 2, 448, <i>scarce from the ground her eyes she lifts</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_source" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_source" href = "#simple_abl_proper">The Ablative of Source, Stuff, or Material.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1312" id = "sec1312" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1312" href = "#simple_abl_source">1312.</a></b> The verb <b>nāscor</b> and participles of origin take an ablative to denote parentage or rank in life.</p> @@ -30723,7 +30714,7 @@ family</i>. Rarely with <b>dē</b>: as, <b>quō dē genere gnātust Philocratēs?</b> Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 277, <i>what is the parentage of Philocrates?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1313" id = "sec1313" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1313" href = "#simple_abl_source">1313.</a></b> The ablative with an attribute, attached to a substantive, sometimes denotes stuff or material: as, <b>aere cavō clipeum</b>, V. 3, 286, @@ -30735,12 +30726,12 @@ quality (<a href = "#sec1375">1375</a>). Rarely without an attribute: as, <b>pīctās abiete puppīs</b>, V. 5, 663, <i>painted sterns of fir</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1314" id = "sec1314" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1314" href = "#simple_abl_source">1314.</a></b> A substantive denoting stuff or material is generally put in the ablative with <b>dē</b> or <b>ex</b>; thus,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1314a" id = "sec1314a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1314a">a.</a></i>) Directly with a substantive: <b>pōcula ex aurō</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 62, <i>cups of gold</i>. (<i>b.</i>) Oftener with an auxiliary verb or participle: <b>sīgnum erat hoc Cupīdinis ē marmore</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 5, @@ -30750,7 +30741,7 @@ factīs</b>, 2, 33, 2, <i>with long shields made out of bark</i>. <b>ex <i>a ladle scooped out of a single enormous semi-precious stone</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1315" id = "sec1315" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1315" href = "#simple_abl_source">1315.</a></b> The ablative with forms of <b>faciō</b> and <b>sum</b> denotes that with which or to which something is done: as, <b>quid hōc homine faciās?</b> @@ -30762,13 +30753,13 @@ ablative with <b>dē</b>: as, <b>dē frātre quid fīet?</b> T. <i>Ad.</i> 996, <i>as to my brother, what will come to pass?</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page225" id = "page225"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page225"> 225</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_cause" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_cause" href = "#simple_abl_proper">The Ablative of Cause, Influence, or Motive.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1316" id = "sec1316" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1316" href = "#simple_abl_cause">1316.</a></b> The ablative is used to denote cause, influence, or motive: as,</p> @@ -30794,12 +30785,12 @@ over-prosperity</i>. <b>ferōx praedā glōriāque exercitus</b>, Ta. annihilation of our army by the sword</i> (<a href = "#sec1301">1301</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1317" id = "sec1317" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1317" href = "#simple_abl_cause">1317.</a></b> Instead of the ablative, other constructions often occur, especially with verbs used transitively; such are:</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1317a" id = "sec1317a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1317a">a.</a></i>) Prepositional phrases with <b>dē</b> or <b>ex</b>, in Varro and Livy with <b>ab</b>; also with <b>ob</b>, <b>per</b>, or <b>propter</b>: as, <b>multī in oppidum propter timōrem sēsē recipiunt</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> @@ -30818,7 +30809,7 @@ express cause, oftener motive, such as <b>captus</b>, <b>ductus</b>, pudōre adductī remanēbant</b>, 1, 39, 3, <i>some stuck by from shame</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1318" id = "sec1318" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1318" href = "#simple_abl_cause">1318.</a></b> The person by whom the action of a passive verb is done, is denoted by the ablative with <b>ab</b> or <b>ā</b>. Also occasionally with verbs @@ -30829,7 +30820,7 @@ bene īnfōrmātus ā nātūrā</b>, <i>Off.</i> 1, 13, <i>a soul meetly fashioned by dame nature</i>. See <a href = "#sec1476">1476</a>-1478.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1319" id = "sec1319" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1319" href = "#simple_abl_cause">1319.</a></b> In poetry, an ablative denoting a person, with an adjective in agreement, is sometimes equivalent to an expression with an abstract @@ -30840,17 +30831,17 @@ capillōs</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 1, 94, <i>my locks by unsymmetric barber trimmed</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_comp" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_comp" href = "#simple_abl_proper">The Ablative of Comparison.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1320" id = "sec1320" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1320" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1320.</a></b> (1.) The ablative may be used with a comparative adjective, when the first of two things compared is in the nominative, or is a subject-accusative.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page226" id = "page226"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page226"> 226</a></span> <p class = "fourth">Such an ablative is translated by <i>than</i>: as, (<i>a.</i>) <b>lūce sunt clāriōra nōbīs tua cōnsilia</b>, <i>C.</i> 1, @@ -30866,7 +30857,7 @@ cāriōrem neque iūcundiōrem esse quemquam</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 2, 3, 2, <i>one thing I am sure you will see, that there is nobody nearer and dearer to me than you</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1321" id = "sec1321" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1321" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1321.</a></b> (2.) The ablative of comparison is similarly used when the first member of comparison is an accusative of the object: as,</p> @@ -30884,14 +30875,14 @@ relative: as, <b>quā pecude nihil genuit nātūra fēcundius</b>, <i>DN.</i> 2, 160, <i>nature has created nothing more prolific than this animal</i>, i.e. the sow.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1322" id = "sec1322" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1322" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1322.</a></b> (3.) In poetry, the ablative of comparison may be used with the first member of comparison in any case: as, <b>Lūcīlī rītū, nostrūm meliōris utrōque</b>, H. <i>S.</i> 2, 1, 29, <i>after Lucilius’s way, a better man than thou or I</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1323" id = "sec1323" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1323" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1323.</a></b> (4.) In sentences of negative import, the ablative is sometimes used with <b>alter</b> and <b>alius</b>, as with a comparative: as, <b>neque @@ -30901,7 +30892,7 @@ and Cass. in <i>Fam.</i> 11, 2, 2, <i>and to have aimed at nothing else than freedom for all</i>. But in prose, <b>quam</b> is commonly used.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1324" id = "sec1324" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1324" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1324.</a></b> (1.) The second member of comparison is often introduced by <b>quam</b>, <i>than</i>, or in poetry by <b>atque</b> or <b>ac</b>. This member, @@ -30917,13 +30908,13 @@ fuit, mē adiūnctum esse patiāre</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 5, 7, 3, <i>so that you will allow me to be associated with you, a bigger man than Africanus ever was</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1325" id = "sec1325" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1325" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1325.</a></b> (2.) When the first member is in the nominative or accusative, <b>quam</b> is commonly a mere coordinating word, with both members in the same case: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1325a" id = "sec1325a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1325a">a.</a></i>) <b>plūris est oculātus testis ūnus quam aurītī decem</b>, Pl. <i>Tru.</i> 490, <i>a single witness with an eye rates higher than a dozen with the ear</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>tū velim exīstimēs nēminem @@ -30932,9 +30923,9 @@ mihī̆</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 1, 9, 24, <i>I hope you will be convinced that nobody was ever nearer and dearer to anybody than you to me</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page227" id = "page227"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page227"> 227</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1326" id = "sec1326" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1326" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1326.</a></b> An introductory ablative of a demonstrative or relative pronoun sometimes precedes the construction with <b>quam</b>: as, <b>quid hōc @@ -30943,7 +30934,7 @@ est clārius, quam omnīs Segestae mātrōnās et virginēs convēnisse?</b> that all the women in Segesta, married and single, came streaming together?</i></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1327" id = "sec1327" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1327" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1327.</a></b> The ablative is sometimes used with comparative adverbs also.</p> @@ -30955,7 +30946,7 @@ certāmen</b>, L. 44, 40, 3, <i>fortune, who is mightier than the devices of man, precipitated the engagement</i>. Very commonly, however, <b>quam</b> is used with comparative adverbs.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1328" id = "sec1328" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1328" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1328.</a></b> Designations of number or extent are often qualified by <b>amplius</b>, <b>longius</b>, or <b>plūs</b>, <i>over</i>, or by <b>minus</b>, @@ -30972,7 +30963,7 @@ substantives in the nominative or accusative, the ablative of comparison may be used (<a href = "#sec1320">1320</a>): as, <b>plūs trīduō</b>, <i>RA.</i> 74, <i>more than three days</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1329" id = "sec1329" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1329" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1329.</a></b> In expressions of age with <b>nātus</b>, the adjectives <b>maior</b> and <b>minor</b> are used as well as <b>amplius</b> and <b>minus</b>, and @@ -30986,7 +30977,7 @@ the ablative (<a href = "#sec1320">1320</a>): as, <b>palūs nōn lātior pedibus quīnquāgintā</b>, 7, 19, 1, <i>a marsh not wider than fifty feet</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1330" id = "sec1330" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1330" href = "#simple_abl_comp">1330.</a></b> With a comparative adjective or adverb, the ablatives <b>opīniōne</b>, <b>exspectātiōne</b>, and <b>spē</b>, and some others, chiefly in @@ -31000,20 +30991,20 @@ more sweeping than anybody dreams</i>. <b>spē omnium sērius</b>, L. 2, 3, 1, <i>later than was generally expected</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "extra topline"><a name = "simple_abl_locative" id = +<h6 class = "extra topline"><a id = "simple_abl_locative" href = "#simple_abl">II. THE LOCATIVE ABLATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "header"><a name = "simple_abl_locprop" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "simple_abl_locprop" href = "#simple_abl_locative">(A.) THE LOCATIVE PROPER.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1331" id = "sec1331" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1331" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1331.</a></b> (1.) Singular proper names of towns and of little islands are put in the locative to denote the place in or at which action occurs: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page228" id = "page228"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page228"> 228</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>quid Rōmae faciam? mentīrī nescio</b>, J. 3, 41, <i>what can I do in Rome? I don’t know how to lie</i>. <b>Corinthī @@ -31034,7 +31025,7 @@ occur, and these regularly in the locative, <b>Carthāginī</b> and stems. From Cicero on, the locative ablative is commoner with them (<a href = "#sec1343">1343</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1332" id = "sec1332" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1332" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1332.</a></b> With an adjective attribute also, the locative is used: as, <b>Teānī Āpulī</b>, <i>Clu.</i> 27, <i>at the Apulian Teanum</i>. <b>Suessae @@ -31045,7 +31036,7 @@ as a proper name, is sometimes put in the accusative with <b>ad</b>: as, Claterna and at Forum Cornelium</i>; sometimes in the locative ablative: <b>Forō Iūlī</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 5, 19, 7.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1333" id = "sec1333" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1333" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1333.</a></b> When the locative is further explained by an appellative following, the appellative is put in the locative ablative, either alone, or with @@ -31062,7 +31053,7 @@ Apollonia</i>. Or in the ablative: as, <b>in oppidō Citiō</b>, N. 5, 3, 4, <i>in the town of Citium</i>. <b>in urbe Rōmā</b>, L. 39, 14, 7, <i>in the city of Rome</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1334" id = "sec1334" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1334" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1334.</a></b> In Plautus, singular town names with stems in <b>-ā-</b> or <b>-o-</b> are put in the locative ten or twelve times, in the ablative with @@ -31081,7 +31072,7 @@ also <b>Lēmnī</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 680, 942, 1013. Also <b>Mīlētī</b>, <i>Ad.</i> 654, <b>Rhodī</b>, <i>Eu.</i> 107, <b>Sūniī</b>, <i>Eu.</i> 519.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1335" id = "sec1335" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1335" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1335.</a></b> A town name is sometimes put in the ablative with <b>in</b> by assimilation with a parallel <b>in</b>: as, <b>in Illyricō, in ipsā @@ -31095,7 +31086,7 @@ the Alban mount and at Lavinium</i>. Also without assimilation: as, Brundusium</i>. <b>in Hispalī</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 2, 18, 1, <i>in Hispalis</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1336" id = "sec1336" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1336" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1336.</a></b> With country names, the locative is very exceptional: as, <b>Chersonēsī</b>, N. 1, 2, 4, <i>at the Peninsula</i>. <b>Aegyptī</b>, @@ -31105,14 +31096,14 @@ Acheron</i>; <b>Accherunte</b> however once: <b>Accheruntest</b>, Pl. <i>Poen.</i> 431. In Sallust, <b>Rōmae Numidiaeque</b>, <i>I.</i> 33, 4, with assimilation of <b>Numidiae</b> to <b>Rōmae</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1337" id = "sec1337" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1337" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1337.</a></b> (2.) The locatives <b>domī</b>, <b>rūrī</b>, <b>humī</b>, and rarely <b>orbī</b>, are used like proper names of towns: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page229" id = "page229"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page229"> 229</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1337a" id = "sec1337a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1337a">a.</a></i>) <b>cēnābō domī</b>, Pl. <i>St.</i> 482, <i>I shall dine at home</i>. Metaphorically, <b>domī est</b>, <b>nāscitur</b>, or <b>habeō</b>, <i>I can get at home</i>, <i>I need not go abroad for</i>, or <i>I have in @@ -31132,7 +31123,7 @@ nostram iānuam appōne :: obsecrō, humīne?</b> T. <i>Andr.</i> 724, <b>amplissimum orbī terrārum monumentum</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 82, <i>the grandest monument in the wide wide world</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1338" id = "sec1338" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1338" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1338.</a></b> The locatives <b>bellī</b>, older <b>du͡ellī</b>, and <b>mīlitiae</b> are sometimes used in contrast with <b>domī</b>: as, <b>domī @@ -31142,7 +31133,7 @@ domī</b>, T. <i>Ad.</i> 495, <i>at home and in the field</i>. Rarely without <b>domī</b>: as, <b>bellī</b>, <i>RP.</i> 2, 56, <b>mīlitiae</b>, S. <i>I.</i> 84, 2.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1339" id = "sec1339" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1339" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1339.</a></b> (3.) Other appellatives rarely have the locative: as, <b>proxumae vīcīniae</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 205, <i>MG.</i> 273, <i>in the next @@ -31153,7 +31144,7 @@ mistaken for a genitive, <b>mentis</b> is also used: as, <b>dēsipiēbam mentis</b>, Pl. <i>E.</i> 138, <i>I was beside myself</i>. Oftener <b>animō</b> (<a href = "#sec1344">1344</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1340" id = "sec1340" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1340" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1340.</a></b> Many original locatives have become set as adverbs: as, <b>peregrī</b>, <i>abroad</i>. Particularly of pronouns: as, <b>illī</b>, Pl. <i>Am.</i> @@ -31167,7 +31158,7 @@ vīcīniae</b>, Pl. <i>R.</i> 613, <i>here, in the shrine of Venus, in my neighbourhood</i>. <b>hīc Rōmae</b>, <i>Arch.</i> 5, <i>here in Rome</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1341" id = "sec1341" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1341" href = "#simple_abl_locprop">1341.</a></b> The locative proper sometimes denotes time when: as, <b>lūcī</b>, <i>by light</i>, <b>temperī</b>, <i>betimes</i>, <b>herī</b> or <b>here</b>, @@ -31182,15 +31173,15 @@ on the seventh</i>, <b>diē crāstinī</b>, <i>Most.</i> 881, day</i>, <i>daily</i>, <b>prīdiē</b>, <i>the day before</i>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "simple_abl_locabl" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "simple_abl_locabl" href = "#simple_abl_locative">(B.) THE ABLATIVE USED AS LOCATIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_place" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_place" href = "#simple_abl_locabl">Place in, on, or at which.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1342" id = "sec1342" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1342" href = "#simple_abl_place">1342.</a></b> (1.) Plural proper names of towns and of little islands are put in the locative ablative to denote the place in or at which action occurs: @@ -31206,9 +31197,9 @@ out at Capreae</i>. Rarely with substantives of action (<a href = <i>Att.</i> 16, 6, 2, <i>in your darling Athens</i>. <b>Curibus Sabīnīs</b>, L. 1, 18, 1, <i>at the Sabine Cures</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page230" id = "page230"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page230"> 230</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1343" id = "sec1343" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1343" href = "#simple_abl_place">1343.</a></b> (2.) Singular proper names of towns with consonant stems are oftener put in the locative ablative than in the locative proper: as,</p> @@ -31225,7 +31216,7 @@ Acheron</i>. <b>Calydōne et Naupāctō</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 35, 1, 11, <i>at New Carthage</i>. <b>Acherunte profundō</b>, Lucr. 3, 978, <i>in vasty Acheron</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1344" id = "sec1344" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1344" href = "#simple_abl_place">1344.</a></b> (3.) A few general appellatives are used in the locative ablative without an attribute, especially in set expressions, to denote the place @@ -31245,7 +31236,7 @@ locō</b>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>locō</b>, <i>instead</i>; <b>numerō</b>, <i>in the category</i>, both with a genitive. <b>prīncipiō</b>, <b>initiō</b>, <i>in the beginning</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1345" id = "sec1345" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1345" href = "#simple_abl_place">1345.</a></b> Certain appellatives, with an attribute, often denote the place where by the locative ablative; so especially <b>locō</b>, <b>locīs</b>, @@ -31259,7 +31250,7 @@ sequestered, healthy, and picturesque nook</i>. <b>idōneō locō</b>, 3, <i>E.</i> 1, 18, 60, J. 6, 55, <i>on the ancestral farm</i>. <b>aliō librō</b>, <i>Off.</i> 2, 31, <i>in another book</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1346" id = "sec1346" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1346" href = "#simple_abl_place">1346.</a></b> Substantives are often used in the locative ablative with <b>tōtus</b> in agreement, less often with <b>cūnctus</b>, <b>omnis</b>, or @@ -31271,7 +31262,7 @@ maritimīs</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 5, 1, <i>in all the seaports</i>. <b>mediā urbe</b>, L. 1, 33, 8, <i>in the heart of Rome</i>. But sometimes <b>in</b> is used, or the accusative with <b>per</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1347" id = "sec1347" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1347" href = "#simple_abl_place">1347.</a></b> (4.) With country names and most appellatives, the place where is generally expressed by the ablative with <b>in</b>. But even without an @@ -31286,7 +31277,7 @@ as,</p> Esquiline</i>. Once in Plautus <b>Ālide</b>, <i>Cap.</i> 330, <i>in Elis</i>, but eight times <b>in Ālide</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1348" id = "sec1348" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1348" href = "#simple_abl_place">1348.</a></b> The locative ablative is sometimes used with such verbs as <b>teneō</b> and <b>recipiō</b>: as, (<i>a.</i>) <b>Ariovistus exercitum castrīs @@ -31297,9 +31288,9 @@ receive inside their towns</i>. <b>rēx ecquis est, qui senātōrem tēctō ac domō nōn invītet?</b> <i>V.</i> 4, 25, <i>is there a monarch in the wide world that would not welcome a senator to house and home?</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page231" id = "page231"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page231"> 231</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1349" id = "sec1349" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1349" href = "#simple_abl_place">1349.</a></b> The locative ablative is used with <b>fīdō</b> and <b>cōnfīdō</b>, <b>glōrior</b>, <b>laetor</b>, <b>nītor</b>, <b>stō</b>, and with @@ -31310,11 +31301,11 @@ vīctōriis frētī</b>, 3, 21, 1, <i>relying on their former victories</i>. For other constructions with these words, see the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_time" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_time" href = "#simple_abl_locabl">Time at which or Time within which.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1350" id = "sec1350" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1350" href = "#simple_abl_time">1350.</a></b> (1.) The locative ablative is used to denote the point of time at which action occurs.</p> @@ -31328,7 +31319,7 @@ the month. Generally with an attribute: as, <b>prīmō vēre</b>, 6, 3, 4, "#sec1341">1341</a>): <b>vesperī eōdem diē</b>, <i>Att.</i> 8, 5, 1, <i>the evening of the same day</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1351" id = "sec1351" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1351" href = "#simple_abl_time">1351.</a></b> Words not in themselves denoting periods or points of time, are in the same way put in the ablative: as,</p> @@ -31346,7 +31337,7 @@ Caesaris</b>, 5, 54, 2, <i>at Caesar’s arrival in Gaul</i>. <b>eōrum adventū</b>, 7, 65, 5, <i>after these people came</i>. <b>discessū cēterōrum</b>, <i>C.</i> 1, 7, <i>when the rest went away</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1352" id = "sec1352" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1352" href = "#simple_abl_time">1352.</a></b> (2.) The locative ablative is used to denote the space of time within which action occurs: as,</p> @@ -31362,7 +31353,7 @@ a town of the Senons, in two days time he invested it</i>. <b>quicquid est, bīduō sciēmus</b>, <i>Att.</i> 9, 14, 2, <i>whatever it may be, we shall know in a couple of days</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1353" id = "sec1353" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1353" href = "#simple_abl_time">1353.</a></b> The ablative of the time at or within which action occurs is sometimes accompanied by <b>in</b>: as, <b>in bellō</b>, 6, 1, 3, <i>in the @@ -31380,9 +31371,9 @@ aedibus</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 70, <i>ten times a day he thrusts me from the house</i>. <b>septiēns diē</b>, L. 28, 6, 10, <i>seven times a day</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page232" id = "page232"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page232"> 232</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1354" id = "sec1354" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1354" href = "#simple_abl_time">1354.</a></b> An ablative of the time within which action occurs is sometimes followed by a relative pronoun sentence, with the relative pronoun likewise in @@ -31393,7 +31384,7 @@ after this occurred. <b>diēbus decem, quibus māteria coepta erat conportārī, omnī opere effectō</b>, 4, 18, 1, <i>the job being all done ten days after the carting of the stuff had begun</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1355" id = "sec1355" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1355" href = "#simple_abl_time">1355.</a></b> The ablative is exceptionally used to denote duration of time: as,</p> @@ -31403,24 +31394,24 @@ however, the accusative (<a href = "#sec1151">1151</a>); but the ablative is common in inscriptions.</p> -<h6 class = "extra topline"><a name = "simple_abl_instr" id = +<h6 class = "extra topline"><a id = "simple_abl_instr" href = "#simple_abl">III. THE INSTRUMENTAL ABLATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "header"><a name = "simple_abl_abinst" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "simple_abl_abinst" href = "#simple_abl_instr">(A.) THE ABLATIVE OF ATTENDANCE.</a></p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_accomp" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_accomp" href = "#simple_abl_abinst">The Ablative of Accompaniment.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1356" id = "sec1356" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1356" href = "#simple_abl_accomp">1356.</a></b> A few indefinite designations of military forces denote accompaniment by the ablative alone, or oftener with <b>cum</b>: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1356a" id = "sec1356a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1356a">a.</a></i>) <b>ad castra Caesaris omnibus cōpiīs contendērunt</b>, 2, 7, 3, <i>they marched upon Caesar’s camp with all their forces</i>. <b>omnibus cōpiīs ad Ilerdam proficīscitur</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 1, 41, 2, <i>he marches @@ -31429,7 +31420,7 @@ cīvitātī persuāsit, ut cum omnibus cōpiīs exīrent</b>, 1, 2, 1, <i>well, this man induced the community to emigrate in a body, bag and baggage</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1357" id = "sec1357" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1357" href = "#simple_abl_accomp">1357.</a></b> The participles <b>iūnctus</b> and <b>coniūnctus</b> take the ablative of the thing joined with: as, <b>dēfēnsiōne iūncta laudātiō</b>, @@ -31438,17 +31429,17 @@ sometimes the ablative with <b>cum</b> is used, or the dative (<a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_mann" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_mann" href = "#simple_abl_abinst">The Ablative of Manner.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1358" id = "sec1358" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1358" href = "#simple_abl_mann">1358.</a></b> (1.) Certain substantives without an attribute are put in the ablative alone to denote manner; but usually substantives without an attribute have <b>cum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1358a" id = "sec1358a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1358a">a.</a></i>) Such adverbial ablatives are <b>iūre</b> and <b>iniūriā</b>, <b>ratiōne et viā</b>, <b>silentiō</b>, <b>vitiō</b>, <b>ōrdine</b>, <b>sponte</b>, <b>cōnsuētūdine</b>, &c.: as, <b>Arātus iūre laudātur</b>, @@ -31465,14 +31456,14 @@ Pl. <i>Per.</i> 198, <i>see that this job with care thou dost</i>. <b>cum virtūte vīvere</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 3, 29, <i>to live virtuously</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1359" id = "sec1359" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1359" href = "#simple_abl_mann">1359.</a></b> (2.) The ablative of a substantive with an attribute is often used to denote manner, sometimes with <b>cum</b>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page233" id = "page233"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page233"> 233</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1359a" id = "sec1359a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1359a">a.</a></i>) <b>ī pede faustō</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 2, 2, 37, <i>go with a blessing on thy foot</i>. <b>dat sonitū magnō strāgem</b>, Lucr. 1, 288, <i>it deals destruction with a mighty roar</i>. <b>ferārum rītū sternuntur</b>, L. @@ -31489,7 +31480,7 @@ oars</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>Allobroges magnā cum cūrā suōs fīnēs tuentur</b>, 7, 65, 3, <i>the Allobrogans guard their own territory with great care</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1360" id = "sec1360" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1360" href = "#simple_abl_mann">1360.</a></b> With a substantive meaning <i>way</i> or <i>manner</i>, as <b>modō</b>, <b>rītū</b>, &c., <i>feeling</i> or <i>intention</i>, as <b>hāc @@ -31497,7 +31488,7 @@ mente</b>, <b>aequō animō</b>, <i>condition</i>, as <b>eā condiciōne</b>, or a part of the body, as in <b>nūdō capite</b>, <i>bareheaded</i>, <b>cum</b> is not used.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1361" id = "sec1361" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1361" href = "#simple_abl_mann">1361.</a></b> Other expressions denoting manner, particularly prepositional expressions with <b>per</b>, may be found in the dictionary: as, <b>per @@ -31509,11 +31500,11 @@ hocus pocus or other</i>, &c., &c. Sometimes the ablative with <b>ex</b>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_abs" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_abs" href = "#simple_abl_abinst">The Ablative Absolute.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1362" id = "sec1362" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1362" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1362.</a></b> (1.) The ablative of a substantive, with a predicate participle in agreement, is used to denote an attendant circumstance of an action.</p> @@ -31530,7 +31521,7 @@ absolute from Livy on: as, <b>hospite ventūrō, cessābit nēmo tuōrum</b>, J. 14, 59, <i>a visitor to come, your slaves will bustle each and all</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1363" id = "sec1363" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1363" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1363.</a></b> A predicate ablative with a participle meaning <i>made</i>, <i>kept</i>, <i>chosen</i>, or the like, occurs in Cicero, Caesar, Nepos, and Livy, @@ -31538,7 +31529,7 @@ but is rare (<a href = "#sec1167">1167</a>): as, <b>Dolābellā hoste dēcrētō</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 11, 16, <i>Dolabella having been voted an enemy of the state</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1364" id = "sec1364" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1364" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1364.</a></b> The perfect participles of deponents used actively in the ablative absolute, are chiefly those of intransitive use, such as <b>nātus</b>, @@ -31548,12 +31539,12 @@ Cicero and Caesar use a few deponent participles, such as <b>ēmeritus</b>, <b>pactus</b>, <b>partītus</b>, <b>dēpopulātus</b>, as passives, and later authors use many other participles so.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1365" id = "sec1365" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1365" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1365.</a></b> (2.) The ablative of a substantive, with a predicate noun in agreement, is often used to denote an attendant circumstance of an action: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page234" id = "page234"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page234"> 234</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>brevitātem secūtus sum tē magistrō</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 11, 25, 1, <i>I aimed at brevity with you as a @@ -31563,14 +31554,14 @@ under wrath of gods</i>. <b>M. Messālā et M. Pīsōne cōnsulibus</b>, 1, vēnit Syrācūsās</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 61, <i>in the defendant’s praetorship he came to Syracuse</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1366" id = "sec1366" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1366" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1366.</a></b> The nominative <b>quisque</b>, <b>plerīque</b>, or <b>ipse</b>, sometimes accompanies the ablative absolute: as, <b>causā ipse prō sē dictā, damnātur</b>, L. 4, 44, 10, <i>he is condemned after pleading his case in person</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1367" id = "sec1367" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1367" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1367.</a></b> The ablative absolute may denote in a loose way various relations which might be more distinctly expressed by subordinate sentences.</p> @@ -31590,7 +31581,7 @@ life, if you take friendships away?</i> (<i>e.</i>) Description: as, <b>domum vēnit capite obvolūtō</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 2, 77, <i>he came home with his head all muffled up</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1368" id = "sec1368" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1368" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1368.</a></b> It may be seen from the examples above that a change of construction is often desirable in translating the ablative absolute. Particularly so in @@ -31601,7 +31592,7 @@ many set idiomatic expressions: as, <b>nūllā interpositā morā</b>, Caes. round of cheers</i>. <b>bene rē gestā salvos redeō</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 1182, <i>crowned with success I come back safe and sound</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1369" id = "sec1369" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1369" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1369.</a></b> The substantive of the ablative absolute usually denotes a different person or thing from any in the main sentence. But exceptions to this @@ -31614,7 +31605,7 @@ myself allow</i>, more emphatic than <b>sciēns</b>. <b>sē iūdice nēmo nocēns absolvitur</b>, J. 13, 2, <i>himself the judge, no criminal gets free</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1370" id = "sec1370" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1370" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1370.</a></b> Two ablatives absolute often occur together, of which the first indicates the time, circumstances, or cause of the second: as, @@ -31623,7 +31614,7 @@ being demoralized from hearing the shouts</i>. <b>cōnsūmptīs omnibus tēlīs gladiīs dēstrictīs</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 1, 46, 1, <i>drawing their swords after expending all their missiles</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1371" id = "sec1371" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1371" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1371.</a></b> The substantive is sometimes omitted in the ablative absolute, particularly when it is a general word for a person or a thing which is @@ -31632,7 +31623,7 @@ explained by a relative: as, <b>praemissīs, quī repūrgārent iter</b>, L. <b>relātīs ōrdine, quae vīdissent</b>, L. 42, 25, 2, <i>telling circumstantially all they had seen</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1372" id = "sec1372" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1372" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1372.</a></b> The ablative neuter of some perfect participles is used impersonally (<a href = "#sec1034">1034</a>). This use is rare in old Latin, in classical @@ -31645,9 +31636,9 @@ the wind is south</i>. <b>tranquillitāte</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 8, 20, 6, <i>when it is calm</i>. <b>serēnō</b>, L. 37, 3, 3, <i>the day being clear</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page235" id = "page235"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page235"> 235</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1373" id = "sec1373" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1373" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1373.</a></b> The ablative neuter of some perfect participles is occasionally used in agreement with a sentence or an infinitive: as, <b>cōgnitō vīvere @@ -31657,7 +31648,7 @@ classical Latin, but common in Livy and Tacitus. So adjectives also: as, <b>incertō quid vītārent</b>, L. 28, 36, 12, <i>it not being obvious what they were to steer clear of</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1374" id = "sec1374" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1374" href = "#simple_abl_abs">1374.</a></b> The ablative absolute is sometimes attended, especially in Livy and Tacitus, by an explanatory word, such as <b>etsī</b>, <b>tamen</b>, @@ -31667,17 +31658,17 @@ Caes. <i>C.</i> 1, 67, 5, <i>though with some loss, yet with the safety of the army as a whole</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_qual" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_qual" href = "#simple_abl_abinst">The Ablative of Quality.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1375" id = "sec1375" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1375" href = "#simple_abl_qual">1375.</a></b> The ablative with an adjective in agreement or with a limiting genitive is used to denote quality, either predicatively or attributively: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1375a" id = "sec1375a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1375a">a.</a></i>) Predicatively: <b>capillō sunt prōmissō</b>, 5, 14, 3, <i>they have long hair</i>, or <i>let their hair grow long</i>. <b>singulārī fuit industriā</b>, N. 24, 3, 1, <i>he had unparalleled activity</i>. @@ -31694,11 +31685,11 @@ with an illustrious father, grandfather, and ancestors in general</i> (<a href = "#sec1239">1239</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_route" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_route" href = "#simple_abl_abinst">The Ablative of the Route taken.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1376" id = "sec1376" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1376" href = "#simple_abl_route">1376.</a></b> The instrumental ablative is used with verbs of motion to denote the route taken: as,</p> @@ -31720,19 +31711,19 @@ sometimes used with a substantive of action (<a href = <i>Fin.</i> 5, 70, <i>entrance by the same river</i>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "simple_abl_propinst" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "simple_abl_propinst" href = "#simple_abl_instr">(B.) THE INSTRUMENTAL PROPER.</a></p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_means" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_means" href = "#simple_abl_propinst">The Ablative of Instrument or Means.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1377" id = "sec1377" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1377" href = "#simple_abl_means">1377.</a></b> The ablative is used to denote the instrument or means: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page236" id = "page236"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page236"> 236</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>pugnābant armīs</b>, H. <i>S.</i> 1, 3, 103, <i>they fought with arms</i>. <b>clārē oculīs videō, sum pernīx pedibus, @@ -31751,7 +31742,7 @@ Pl. <i>Ps.</i> 429, <i>reporters with their tongues and listeners with their ears</i>. <b>tenerīs labellīs mollēs morsiunculae</b>, Pl. <i>Ps.</i> 67<sup>a</sup>, <i>caressing bites with velvet lips</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1378" id = "sec1378" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1378" href = "#simple_abl_means">1378.</a></b> When the instrument is a person, the accusative with <b>per</b> is used: as, <b>haec quoque per explōrātōrēs ad hostēs dēferuntur</b>, 6, 7, 9, @@ -31766,7 +31757,7 @@ person, the person being then regarded as a thing: as, <b>iacent suīs testibus</b>, <i>Mil.</i> 47, <i>they are cast by their own witnesses</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1379" id = "sec1379" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1379" href = "#simple_abl_means">1379.</a></b> The instrumental ablative is used with the five deponents <b>fruor</b>, <b>fungor</b>, <b>potior</b>, <b>ūtor</b>, <b>vēscor</b>, and several of @@ -31782,7 +31773,7 @@ whetstone’s part</i>. <b>castrīs nostrī potītī sunt</b>, 1, 26, 4, <b>opust chlamyde</b>, Pl. <i>Ps.</i> 734, <i>there is a job with a cloak</i>, i.e. <i>we need a cloak</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1380" id = "sec1380" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1380" href = "#simple_abl_means">1380.</a></b> Instead of the instrumental ablative, some of the above verbs take the accusative occasionally in old and post-Augustan Latin: thus, in @@ -31794,14 +31785,14 @@ gerundive of these verbs is commonly used personally in the passive, as if the verbs were regularly used transitively (<a href = "#sec2244">2244</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1381" id = "sec1381" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1381" href = "#simple_abl_means">1381.</a></b> <b>ūtor</b> often has a second predicative ablative: as, <b>administrīs druidibus ūtuntur</b>, 6, 16, 2, <i>they use the druids as assistants</i>. <b>facilī mē ūtētur patre</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 217, <i>an easy-going father he will find in me</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1382" id = "sec1382" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1382" href = "#simple_abl_means">1382.</a></b> <b>ūsus est</b> and <b>opus est</b> sometimes take a neuter participle, especially in old Latin: as, <b>vīsō opust cautōst opus</b>, Pl. @@ -31810,7 +31801,7 @@ Sometimes the ablative with a predicate participle: as, <b>celeriter mī eō homine conventōst opus</b>, Pl. <i>Cur.</i> 302, <i>I needs must see that man at once</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1383" id = "sec1383" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1383" href = "#simple_abl_means">1383.</a></b> With <b>opus est</b>, the thing wanted is often made the subject nominative or subject accusative, with <b>opus</b> in the predicate: as, @@ -31821,9 +31812,9 @@ adjective or neuter pronoun: as, <b>multa sibī̆ opus esse</b>, <i>V.</i> is found once or twice in late Latin (<a href = "#sec1227">1227</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page237" id = "page237"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page237"> 237</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1384" id = "sec1384" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1384" href = "#simple_abl_means">1384.</a></b> <b>ūsus est</b> is employed chiefly in comedy, but also once or twice in Cicero, Lucretius, Vergil, and Livy. Once with the accusative: <b>ūsust @@ -31831,11 +31822,11 @@ hominem astūtum</b>, Pl. <i>Ps.</i> 385, <i>there’s need of a sharp man</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_spec" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_spec" href = "#simple_abl_propinst">The Ablative of Specification.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1385" id = "sec1385" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1385" href = "#simple_abl_spec">1385.</a></b> The instrumental ablative is used to denote that in respect of which an assertion or a term is to be taken: as,</p> @@ -31859,11 +31850,11 @@ perītior commemorārī potest?</b> <i>Clu.</i> 107, <i>who can be named that is better versed in the law?</i></p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_ful" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_ful" href = "#simple_abl_propinst">The Ablative of Fulness.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1386" id = "sec1386" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1386" href = "#simple_abl_ful">1386.</a></b> The instrumental ablative is used with verbs of abounding, filling, and furnishing: as,</p> @@ -31879,7 +31870,7 @@ imperiō praeditus</b>, <i>Pis.</i> 55, <i>vested with the authority of consul</i>. For the genitive with <b>compleō</b> and <b>impleō</b>, see <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1387" id = "sec1387" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1387" href = "#simple_abl_ful">1387.</a></b> The ablative is sometimes used with adjectives of fulness, instead of the regular genitive (<a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>). Thus, in later @@ -31895,18 +31886,18 @@ With <b>onustus</b>, the ablative is generally used, rarely the genitive.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_meas" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_meas" href = "#simple_abl_propinst">The Ablative of Measure, Exchange, and Price.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1388" id = "sec1388" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1388" href = "#simple_abl_meas">1388.</a></b> The instrumental ablative is used with verbs of measuring and of exchanging, and in expressions of value and price: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page238" id = "page238"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page238"> 238</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1388a" id = "sec1388a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1388a">a.</a></i>) <b>quod magnōs hominēs virtūte mētīmur</b>, N. 18, 1, 1, <i>because we gauge great men by their merit</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>nēmō nisi vīctor pāce bellum mūtāvit</b>, S. <i>C.</i> 58, 15, <i>nobody except a @@ -31922,7 +31913,7 @@ don’t need, at a penny is dear</i>. <b>hem, istūc verbum, mea voluptās, vīlest vīgintī minīs</b>, Pl. <i>Most.</i> 297, <i>bless me, that compliment, my charmer, were at twenty minas cheap</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1389" id = "sec1389" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1389" href = "#simple_abl_meas">1389.</a></b> With <b>mūtō</b> and <b>commūtō</b>, the ablative usually denotes the thing received. But sometimes in Plautus, and especially in Horace, @@ -31934,7 +31925,7 @@ Sabine dale for wealth that brings more care?</i> Similarly with commūtāre</b>, Sulp. in <i>Fam.</i> 4, 5, 3, <i>to exchange life for death</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1390" id = "sec1390" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1390" href = "#simple_abl_meas">1390.</a></b> The ablative of price or value is thus used chiefly with verbs or verbal expressions of bargaining, buying or selling, hiring or letting, @@ -31942,7 +31933,7 @@ costing, being cheap or dear. Also with <b>aestimō</b>, of a definite price, and sometimes <b>magnō</b>, <b>permagnō</b> (<a href = "#sec1273">1273</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1391" id = "sec1391" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1391" href = "#simple_abl_meas">1391.</a></b> The ablatives thus used, are (<i>a.</i>) those of general substantives of value and price, such as <b>pretium</b>, (<i>b.</i>) numerical @@ -31953,7 +31944,7 @@ quantity, <b>magnō</b>, <b>permagnō</b>, <b>quam plūrimō</b>, at a high figure</i>. For <b>tantī</b> and <b>quantī</b>, <b>plūris</b> and <b>minōris</b>, see <a href = "#sec1274">1274</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1392" id = "sec1392" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1392" href = "#simple_abl_meas">1392.</a></b> The ablative is also used with <b>dignus</b> and <b>indignus</b>: as,</p> @@ -31969,11 +31960,11 @@ heard out of keeping with the grandeur of Rome</i>. See also <b>sum</b>, 1144.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_abl_diff" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_abl_diff" href = "#simple_abl_propinst">The Ablative of the Amount of Difference.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1393" id = "sec1393" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1393" href = "#simple_abl_diff">1393.</a></b> The instrumental ablative is used to denote the amount of difference.</p> @@ -31992,9 +31983,9 @@ post</b>, 1, 47, 1, <i>two days after</i>. <b>multīs ante <ins class = 184, <i>I would much rather</i>. <b>multō maxima pars</b>, <i>C.</i> 4, 17, <i>the largest part by far</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page239" id = "page239"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page239"> 239</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1394" id = "sec1394" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1394" href = "#simple_abl_diff">1394.</a></b> In expressions of time, the accusative is sometimes used with <b>post</b>, less frequently with <b>ante</b>, as prepositions, instead @@ -32006,7 +31997,7 @@ With this prepositional construction, ordinals are common: as, <b>post diem tertium</b>, 4, 9, 1, <i>after the third day</i>, according to the Roman way of reckoning, i.e. the next day but one.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1395" id = "sec1395" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1395" href = "#simple_abl_diff">1395.</a></b> (1.) When the time before or after which anything occurs is denoted by a substantive, the substantive is put in the accusative with <b>ante</b> @@ -32019,7 +32010,7 @@ little before the third watch</i>. <b>bīduō ante <ins class = <b>paucīs diēbus post mortem Āfricānī</b>, <i>L.</i> 3, <i>a few days after the death of Africanus</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1396" id = "sec1396" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1396" href = "#simple_abl_diff">1396.</a></b> Sometimes in late writers, as Tacitus, Pliny the younger, and Suetonius, a genitive is loosely used: as, <b>sextum post clādis annum</b>, @@ -32029,12 +32020,12 @@ humiliating defeat</i>. <b>post decimum mortis annum</b>, Plin. <b>intrā sextum adoptiōnis diem</b>, Suet. <i>Galb.</i> 17, <i>not longer than six days after the adoption-day</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1397" id = "sec1397" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1397" href = "#simple_abl_diff">1397.</a></b> (2.) When the time before or after which anything occurs is denoted by a sentence, the sentence may be introduced:</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1397a" id = "sec1397a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1397a">a.</a></i>) By <b>quam</b>: as, <b>post diem tertium gesta rēs est quam dīxerat</b>, <i>Mil.</i> 44, <i>it took place two days after he said it</i>. With <b>quam</b>, <b>post</b> is sometimes omitted. Or (<i>b.</i>) less @@ -32044,7 +32035,7 @@ for him three days after this writing</i> (<a href = "#sec1601">1601</a>). For a relative pronoun sentence, see <a href = "#sec1354">1354</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1398" id = "sec1398" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1398" href = "#simple_abl_diff">1398.</a></b> Verbs of surpassing sometimes have an accusative of extent (<a href = "#sec1151">1151</a>): as, <b>mīrāmur hunc hominem tantum excellere @@ -32054,7 +32045,7 @@ as, <b>aliquantum inīquior</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 201, <i>somewhat too hard</i>. Similarly <b>permultum ante</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 3, 11, 1, <i>long long before</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1399" id = "sec1399" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1399" href = "#simple_abl_diff">1399.</a></b> In numerical designations of distance, the words <b>intervāllum</b> and <b>spatium</b> are regularly put in the ablative: as, <b>rēx <span class @@ -32065,10 +32056,10 @@ passuum <span class = "smallroman">VI</span> a Caesaris castrīs sub monte cōnsēdit</b>, 1, 48, 1. See <a href = "#sec1152">1152</a>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "simple_abl_two" id = "simple_abl_two" +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "simple_abl_two" href = "#simple_abl">TWO OR MORE ABLATIVES COMBINED.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1400" id = "sec1400" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1400" href = "#simple_abl_two">1400.</a></b> Two or more ablatives denoting different relations are often combined in the same sentence: as,</p> @@ -32086,17 +32077,17 @@ soldiers were hot for battle after this speech, he gave the signal by trumpet</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page240" id = "page240"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page240"> 240</a></span> -<h5><a name = "simple_noun_cases" id = "simple_noun_cases" href = +<h5><a id = "simple_noun_cases" href = "#simple_noun">USE OF CASES WITH PREPOSITIONS.</a></h5> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1401" id = "sec1401" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1401" href = "#simple_noun_cases">1401.</a></b> Two cases, the accusative and the ablative, are used with prepositions.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1402" id = "sec1402" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1402" href = "#simple_noun_cases">1402.</a></b> Prepositions were originally adverbs which served to define more exactly the meaning of a verb.</p> @@ -32108,7 +32099,7 @@ endo iacitō</b>, <i>let him lay hand on</i>. Similarly, <b>trāns</b>, <i>over</i>, in <b>trānsque datō</b>, <i>and he must hand over</i>, i.e. <b>trāditōque</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1403" id = "sec1403" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1403" href = "#simple_noun_cases">1403.</a></b> In the course of time such adverbs became verbal prefixes; the verbs compounded with them may take the case, accusative or ablative, required @@ -32116,20 +32107,20 @@ by the meaning of the compound. Thus, <b>amīcōs adeō</b>, <i>I go to my friends</i> (<a href = "#sec1137">1137</a>); <b>urbe exeō</b>, <i>I go out of town</i> (<a href = "#sec1302">1302</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1404" id = "sec1404" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1404" href = "#simple_noun_cases">1404.</a></b> For distinctness or emphasis, the prefix of the verb may be repeated before the case: as, <b>ad amīcōs adeō</b>; <b>ex urbe exeō</b>. And when it is thus separately expressed before the case, it may be dropped from the verb: as, <b>ad amīcōs eō</b>; <b>ex urbe eō</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1405" id = "sec1405" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1405" href = "#simple_noun_cases">1405.</a></b> The preposition thus detached from the verb becomes an attendant on a substantive, and serves to show the relation of the substantive in a sentence more distinctly than the case alone could.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1406" id = "sec1406" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1406" href = "#simple_noun_cases">1406.</a></b> A great many adverbs which are never used in composition with a verb likewise become prepositions: as, <b>apud</b>, <b>circiter</b>, @@ -32142,7 +32133,7 @@ are also sometimes used as prepositions. And <b>vicem</b> (<a href = <b>ergō</b> (<a href = "#sec1257">1257</a>), resemble prepositions closely in meaning.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1407" id = "sec1407" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1407" href = "#simple_noun_cases">1407.</a></b> A trace of the original adverbial use of prepositions is sometimes retained, chiefly in poetry, when the prefix is separated from its word @@ -32151,7 +32142,7 @@ by what is called <i>Tmesis</i>: as, <b>īre inque gredī</b>, i.e. mihī̆ mīrum vīsum est</b>, <i>DO.</i> 1, 214, <i>passing strange it seemed to me</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1408" id = "sec1408" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1408" href = "#simple_noun_cases">1408.</a></b> Even such words as are used almost exclusively as prepositions sometimes retain their original adverbial meaning also: as, <b>adque adque</b>, E. @@ -32161,7 +32152,7 @@ mīlibus quattuor</b>, 2, 33, 5, <i>about four thousand men being killed</i>. <b>susque dēque</b>, <i>Att.</i> 14, 6, 1, <i>up and down</i>, <i>topsy turvy</i>, <i>no matter how</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1409" id = "sec1409" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1409" href = "#simple_noun_cases">1409.</a></b> On the other hand, some verbal prefixes are never used as separate prepositions with a substantive. These are called <i>Inseparable @@ -32171,15 +32162,15 @@ Prepositions</i>; they are: <b>amb-</b>, <i>round</i>, <b>an-</b>, href = "#sec1417">1417</a>).</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "simple_noun_acc" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "simple_noun_acc" href = "#simple_noun_cases">Prepositions used with the Accusative.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1410" id = "sec1410" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1410" href = "#simple_noun_acc">1410.</a></b> The accusative is accompanied by the following prepositions:</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page241" id = "page241"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page241"> 241</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>ad</b>, <i>to</i>, <b>adversus</b> or <b>adversum</b>, <i>towards</i>, <i>against</i>, <b>ante</b>, in @@ -32199,7 +32190,7 @@ composition also <b>antid-</b>, <i>before</i>, <b>apud</b>, <i>near</i>, shades of meaning and applications of these prepositions, see the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1411" id = "sec1411" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1411" href = "#simple_noun_acc">1411.</a></b> Prepositions which accompany the accusative may be easily remembered in this order:</p> @@ -32212,7 +32203,7 @@ this order:</p> <p><b>post</b>, and all in <b>-ā</b> and <b>-ter</b>.</p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1412" id = "sec1412" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1412" href = "#simple_noun_acc">1412.</a></b> Of the above named words some are not used as prepositions till a relatively late period.</p> @@ -32223,7 +32214,7 @@ about Cicero’s time; <b>ultrā</b> first by Cato; <b>iūxtā</b> by Varro. In Cicero <b>iūxtā</b> is still used only as an adverb, in Caesar and Nepos as a preposition.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1413" id = "sec1413" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1413" href = "#simple_noun_acc">1413.</a></b> The substantive forms <b>prīdiē</b>, <i>the day before</i>, and <b>postrīdiē</b>, <i>the day after</i>, are sometimes used with an @@ -32234,7 +32225,7 @@ Apollinārīs</b>, <i>Att.</i> 16, 4, 1, <i>the day after the games of Apollo</i>, i.e. <i>6 July</i>. For the genitive with these words, see <a href = "#sec1232">1232</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1414" id = "sec1414" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1414" href = "#simple_noun_acc">1414.</a></b> The adverb <b>vorsus</b> or <b>versus</b>, <i>wards</i>, occurs as a post positive (<a href = "#sec1434">1434</a>) preposition rarely: once @@ -32243,7 +32234,7 @@ Cicero a few times, twice in Pliny the elder. <b>usque</b>, <i>even to</i>, occurs with names of towns in Terence (once), Cicero, and later; with appellatives in Cato (once) and late writers.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1415" id = "sec1415" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1415" href = "#simple_noun_acc">1415.</a></b> <b>clam</b>, <i>secretly</i>, is ordinarily an adverb. But in old Latin it is used often as a preposition, <i>unknown to</i>, with an accusative @@ -32252,17 +32243,17 @@ of a person. Terence has once the diminutive form <b>clanculum</b>, <b>clam vōbīs</b>, <i>C.</i> 2, 32, 8, <i>without your knowledge</i>, and in <i>Bell. Afr.</i> 11, 4.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1416" id = "sec1416" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1416" href = "#simple_noun_acc">1416.</a></b> <b>subter</b>, <i>under</i>, is used in poetry, once by Catullus and once by Vergil, with the locative ablative: as, <b>Rhoetēō subter lītore</b>, Cat. 65, 7, <i>beneath Rhoeteum’s strand</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_abl" id = "simple_noun_abl" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_abl" href = "#simple_noun_cases">Prepositions used with the Ablative.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1417" id = "sec1417" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1417" href = "#simple_noun_abl">1417.</a></b> The ablative is accompanied by the following prepositions:</p> @@ -32276,9 +32267,9 @@ The ablative is accompanied by the following prepositions:</p> these prepositions, see <a href = "#sec1297">1297-1300</a>; for the various shades of meanings and applications, see the dictionary.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page242" id = "page242"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page242"> 242</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1418" id = "sec1418" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1418" href = "#simple_noun_abl">1418.</a></b> Prepositions which accompany the ablative may be easily remembered in this order:</p> @@ -32289,7 +32280,7 @@ this order:</p> <p><b>prae</b>, <b>prō</b>, <b>sine</b>, <b>ex</b> (or <b>ē</b>).</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1419" id = "sec1419" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1419" href = "#simple_noun_abl">1419.</a></b> The ablative <b>fīnī</b>, <i>as far as</i>, is used in old Latin as a preposition with the ablative: as, <b>osse fīnī</b>, Pl. <i>Men.</i> @@ -32300,7 +32291,7 @@ as, <b>ānsārum īnfimārum fīnī</b>, Cato, <i>RR.</i> 113, 2, <i>up to the bottom of the handles</i>. Rarely <b>fīne</b>, and before the genitive: as, <b>fīne genūs</b>, O. 10, 537, <i>as far as the knee</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1420" id = "sec1420" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1420" href = "#simple_noun_abl">1420.</a></b> <b>tenus</b>, <i>the length</i>, was originally a substantive accusative (<a href = "#sec1151">1151</a>). From Cicero on, it is used as a @@ -32313,7 +32304,7 @@ a genitive, usually a plural, mostly in verse (<a href = length of the lips</i>, <i>up to the lips</i>. <b>Cūmārum tenus</b>, Cael. in <i>Fam.</i> 8, 1, 2, <i>as far as Cumae</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1421" id = "sec1421" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1421" href = "#simple_noun_abl">1421.</a></b> The adverbs <b>palam</b>, <i>in presence of</i>, <b>procul</b>, <i>apart from</i>, either <i>near</i> or <i>far</i>, <b>simul</b>, <i>with</i>, @@ -32325,22 +32316,22 @@ protasis (<a href = "#sec1701">1701</a>; <a href = "#sec2110">2110</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_both" id = "simple_noun_both" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_both" href = "#simple_noun_cases">Prepositions used with the Accusative or the Ablative.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1422" id = "sec1422" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1422" href = "#simple_noun_both">1422.</a></b> Two cases, the accusative and the ablative, are accompanied by the prepositions in, older <b>endo</b>, <b>indu</b>, <i>into</i>, <i>in</i>, <b>sub</b>, <i>under</i>, and <b>super</b>, <i>over</i>, <i>on</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1423" id = "sec1423" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1423" href = "#simple_noun_both">1423.</a></b> (1.) <b>in</b> and <b>sub</b> accompany the accusative of the end of motion, the locative ablative of rest: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1423a" id = "sec1423a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1423a">a.</a></i>) <b>in cūriam vēnimus</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 138, <i>we went to the senate-house</i>. <b>in vincla coniectus est</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 17, <i>he was put in irons</i>. <b>hīc pāgus eius exercitum sub iugum mīserat</b>, @@ -32350,14 +32341,14 @@ shall be in camp</i>. <b>viridī membra sub arbutō strātus</b>, H. 1, 1, 21, <i>stretched out—his limbs—all under an arbute green</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1424" id = "sec1424" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1424" href = "#simple_noun_both">1424.</a></b> Verbs of rest sometimes have <b>in</b> with the accusative, because of an implied idea of motion. And, conversely, verbs of motion sometimes have <b>in</b> with the ablative, because of an implied idea of rest: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1424a" id = "sec1424a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1424a">a.</a></i>) <b>mihi in mentem fuit</b>, Pl. <i>Am.</i> 180, <i>it popped into my head</i>, i.e. came in and is in (compare <b><ins class = "correction" title = "text unchanged: expected form ‘vēnit’">venit</ins>hoc mī in @@ -32373,9 +32364,9 @@ into and left them in. <b>eam in lectō conlocārunt</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> <b>conlocō</b>, <b>statuō</b>, <b>cōnstituō</b>, <b>pōnō</b>, and its compounds. For <b>expōnō</b> and <b>impōnō</b>, see the dictionary.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page243" id = "page243"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page243"> 243</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1425" id = "sec1425" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1425" href = "#simple_noun_both">1425.</a></b> (2.) <b>super</b> accompanies the ablative when it has colloquially the sense of <b>dē</b>, <i>about</i>, <i>in reference to</i>: as, <b>hāc @@ -32388,17 +32379,17 @@ night</i>. <b>paulum silvae super hīs</b>, H. <i>S.</i> 2, 6, 3, <i>a bit of wood to crown the whole</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_combo" id = "simple_noun_combo" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_combo" href = "#simple_noun_cases">Combination of Substantives by a Preposition.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1426" id = "sec1426" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1426" href = "#simple_noun_combo">1426.</a></b> (1.) Two substantives are sometimes connected by a preposition, to indicate certain attributive relations (<a href = "#sec1043">1043</a>); such are particularly:</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1426a" id = "sec1426a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1426a">a.</a></i>) Place: as, <b>illam pugnam nāvālem ad Tenedum</b>, <i>Mur.</i> 33, <i>the sea-fight off Tenedus</i>. <b>excessum ē vītā</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 3, 60, <i>the departure from life</i>. (<i>b.</i>) Source, origin, @@ -32413,7 +32404,7 @@ towards me</i>. <b>proelium cum Tūscīs ad Iāniculum</b>, <ins class = the Tuscans at Janiculum</i>. <b>vir sine metū</b>, <i>TD.</i> 5, 48, <i>a man devoid of fear</i> (<a href = "#sec1043">1043</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1427" id = "sec1427" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1427" href = "#simple_noun_combo">1427.</a></b> (2.) Very commonly, however, other constructions are used, even to indicate the relations above: as,</p> @@ -32428,7 +32419,7 @@ href = "#sec1233">1233</a>). <b>scūtīs ex cortice factīs</b>, 2, 33, 2, fuit</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 49, <i>after the victory in the war with the Persians</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1428" id = "sec1428" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1428" href = "#simple_noun_combo">1428.</a></b> Prepositional expressions are sometimes used predicatively: as, <b>sunt omnēs sine maculā</b>, <i>Pl.</i> 6, 14, <i>they are all without spot or @@ -32439,11 +32430,11 @@ as, <b>sine pondere</b>, O. 1, 20, <i>things without weight</i>. Or to adverbs: as, <b>sine labōre</b>, Pl. <i>R.</i> 461, <i>easily</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_repet" id = "simple_noun_repet" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_repet" href = "#simple_noun_cases">Repetition or Omission of a Preposition with several Substantives.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1429" id = "sec1429" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1429" href = "#simple_noun_repet">1429.</a></b> (1.) A preposition is often repeated with emphasis before two or more substantives: as,</p> @@ -32456,7 +32447,7 @@ class = "correction" title = ". missing">&c.</ins>: as, <b>et ex urbe et ex agrīs</b>, <i>C.</i> 2, 21, <i>from Rome and from the country too</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1430" id = "sec1430" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1430" href = "#simple_noun_repet">1430.</a></b> (2.) A preposition is often used with the first only of two or more substantives: as, <b>in labōre ac dolōre</b>, <i>TD.</i> 5, 41, <i>in @@ -32467,12 +32458,12 @@ ducibus, Pyrrhō et Hannibale</b>, <i>L.</i> 28, <i>with two commanders, Pyrrhus and Hannibal</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page244" id = "page244"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page244"> 244</a></span> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_two" id = "simple_noun_two" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_two" href = "#simple_noun_cases">Two Prepositions with one Substantive.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1431" id = "sec1431" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1431" href = "#simple_noun_two">1431.</a></b> (1.) When two prepositions belong to one and the same substantive, the substantive is expressed with the first. With the second, the @@ -32485,22 +32476,22 @@ him</i>. If, however, the two prepositions accompany the same case, the substantive need not be repeated: as, <b>intrā extrāque mūnītiōnēs</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 72, 2, <i>inside and outside the works</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1432" id = "sec1432" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1432" href = "#simple_noun_two">1432.</a></b> (2.) The second preposition is often used adverbially, without any substantive: as, <b>et in corpore et extrā</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 2, 68, <i>both in the body and outside</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_pos" id = "simple_noun_pos" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_pos" href = "#simple_noun_cases">Position of Prepositions.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1433" id = "sec1433" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1433" href = "#simple_noun_pos">1433.</a></b> In general a preposition precedes its case: see <a href = "#sec178">178</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1434" id = "sec1434" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1434" href = "#simple_noun_pos">1434.</a></b> Disyllabic prepositions sometimes follow their substantives. Thus, in Cicero, <b>contrā</b>, <b>ultrā</b>, and <b>sine</b>, sometimes stand @@ -32509,19 +32500,19 @@ Sallust; occasionally also <b>penes</b> and <b>propter</b>. For <b>versus</b>, see <a href = "#sec1414">1414</a>; for <b>fīnī</b>, 1419; for <b>tenus</b>, 1420.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1435" id = "sec1435" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1435" href = "#simple_noun_pos">1435.</a></b> Of monosyllables, <b>ad</b> and <b>dē</b> often follow a relative. Also <b>cum</b> often in Cicero and Sallust, and regularly in Caesar. With a personal or a reflexive pronoun, <b>cum</b> regularly follows, as <b>mēcum</b>, <b>nōbīscum</b>, <b>sēcum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1436" id = "sec1436" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1436" href = "#simple_noun_pos">1436.</a></b> In poetry and late prose, prepositions are freely put after their cases.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1437" id = "sec1437" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1437" href = "#simple_noun_pos">1437.</a></b> In oaths and adjurations, <b>per</b> is often separated from its proper accusative by the accusative of the object: as, <b>per tē de͡ōs ōrō</b>, @@ -32529,14 +32520,14 @@ T. <i>Andr.</i> 538, <i>I beg thee by the gods</i>, <i>in the gods’ name</i>.</p> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_noun_adverb" id = +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_noun_adverb" href = "#simple_noun">USE OF ADVERBS.</a></h5> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1438" id = "sec1438" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1438" href = "#simple_noun_adverb">1438.</a></b> Adverbs qualify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1438a" id = "sec1438a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1438a">a.</a></i>) With verbs, all sorts of adverbs are used: as, of Place: <b>quis istīc habet?</b> Pl. <i>B.</i> 114, <i>who lives in there?</i> Time: <b>tum dentēs mihi cadēbant prīmulum</b>, Pl. <i>Men.</i> 1116, <i>my teeth @@ -32555,9 +32546,9 @@ Adverbs of manner, however, are also used, especially in poetry: as, <b>turpiter hīrtum</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 3, 22, <i>disreputably rough</i>, i.e. disreputable and rough.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page245" id = "page245"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page245"> 245</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1439" id = "sec1439" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1439" href = "#simple_noun_adverb">1439.</a></b> An adverb is sometimes used with the meaning of an adjective: as,</p> @@ -32570,7 +32561,7 @@ Metellus</b>, <i>Sest.</i> 130, <i>a trueblooded Metellus</i>. <b>rūsticānus vir, sed plānē vir</b>, <i>TD.</i> 2, 53, <i>a country man, but every inch a man</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1440" id = "sec1440" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1440" href = "#simple_noun_adverb">1440.</a></b> Perfect participles used as substantives are commonly qualified by an adverb, and not by an adjective. Particularly so <b>dictum</b>, @@ -32581,7 +32572,7 @@ facta arbitror</b>, E. in <i>Off.</i> 2, 62, <i>good deeds ill put, bad deeds I count</i>. In superlative qualifications, however, the adjective is preferred.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1441" id = "sec1441" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1441" href = "#simple_noun_adverb">1441.</a></b> Other substantives also may be qualified by an adverb, when a verb construction or a participle is implied: as, <b>C. Flāminius cōnsul @@ -32593,7 +32584,7 @@ hand-to-hand blow</i>. <b>pūblicē testem</b>, <i>V.</i> 2, 156, <i>a nation regnant wide</i>. <b>lātē tyrannus</b>, H. 3, 17, 9, <i>lord paramount far and near</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1442" id = "sec1442" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1442" href = "#simple_noun_adverb">1442.</a></b> An adverb sometimes takes the place of a substantive: as, <b>cum amīcī partim dēseruerint mē, partim etiam prōdiderint</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 1, 3, @@ -32606,10 +32597,10 @@ erant</b>. <b>palam laudārēs, sēcrēta male audiēbant</b>, Ta. <i>H.</i> in bad odour</i>, i.e. <b>quae palam fīēbant</b>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_neg" id = "simple_noun_neg" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_neg" href = "#simple_noun_adverb">Negative Adverbs.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1443" id = "sec1443" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1443" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1443.</a></b> (1.) The negative oftenest used in declaration or interrogation is <b>nōn</b>, <i>not</i>: as,</p> @@ -32620,7 +32611,7 @@ agrōs</b>, H. 2, 9, 1, <i>not always from the clouds do showers on stubbly fields come dripping dropping down</i>. <b>nōn dīcēs hodiē?</b> H. <i>S.</i> 2, 7, 21, <i>will you not say without delay?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1444" id = "sec1444" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1444" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1444.</a></b> <b>nōn</b> is a modification of <b>noenum</b> or <b>noenu</b>, compounded of <b>ne</b>, <i>no</i>, and the accusative <b>oinom</b> or @@ -32629,7 +32620,7 @@ compounded of <b>ne</b>, <i>no</i>, and the accusative <b>oinom</b> or and Varro, once each, and <b>noenu</b> occurs twice in Lucretius (<a href = "#sec99">99</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1445" id = "sec1445" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1445" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1445.</a></b> Negation is often expressed by other compounds of <b>ne</b>. In such cases the Latin idiom frequently differs from the English, and a @@ -32648,9 +32639,9 @@ is used for <i>and not</i>, <i>but not</i>, unless a single word is to be emphasized or contrasted: as, <b>nec frūstrā</b>, 8, 5, 3, <i>and not in vain</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page246" id = "page246"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page246"> 246</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1446" id = "sec1446" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1446" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1446.</a></b> A form <b>nec</b> is used rarely in old Latin in the sense of <b>nōn</b>: as, <b>tū dīs nec rēctē dīcis</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 119, @@ -32660,7 +32651,7 @@ few set combinations, such as <b>nec opīnāns</b>, <i>not expecting</i>, and, from Livy on, <b>necdum</b>, <i>not yet</i>, i.e. <b>nōndum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1447" id = "sec1447" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1447" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1447.</a></b> The form <b>nē</b> usually introduces an imperative or a subjunctive, as will be explained further on. But <b>nē</b> is also used in the @@ -32670,7 +32661,7 @@ combination <b>nē . . . quidem</b>, <i>not even</i>, <i>not <b>nē Vorēnus quidem sēsē vāllō continet</b>, 5, 44, 6, <i>Vorenus did not keep inside the palisade either</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1448" id = "sec1448" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1448" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1448.</a></b> The adjective <b>nūllus</b> is sometimes used, chiefly in colloquial language, for <b>nōn</b> or <b>nē</b> (<a href = "#sec1051">1051</a>): @@ -32678,13 +32669,13 @@ as, <b>Philotīmus nūllus vēnit</b>, <i>Att.</i> 11, 24, 4, <i>no Philotimus has shown himself</i>. <b>nūllus crēduās</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 606, <i>you needn’t believe it at all</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1449" id = "sec1449" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1449" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1449.</a></b> (2.) The negative <b>haut</b> or <b>haud</b>, <i>not</i>, is used principally with adjectives and adverbs, less frequently with verbs: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1449a" id = "sec1449a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1449a">a.</a></i>) <b>haud mediocris vir</b>, <i>RP.</i> 2, 55, <i>no ordinary man</i>. <b>rem haud sānē difficilem</b>, <i>CM.</i> 4, <i>a thing not particularly hard</i>. <b>haud procul</b>, <i>CM.</i> 15, <i>not @@ -32698,7 +32689,7 @@ there with a few verbs, such as <b>adsentior</b>, <b>errō</b>, but</i> (<a href = "#sec1782">1782</a>). Caesar uses <b>haud</b> once only, and then in this combination.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1450" id = "sec1450" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1450" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1450.</a></b> A shorter form, <b>hau</b>, occurs often in old Latin, and a few times in the classical period: as, <b>heic est sepulcrum hau pulcrum pulcrai @@ -32706,14 +32697,14 @@ fēminae</b>, CIL. I, 1007, 2, on the burial site of a woman, <i>here is the site not sightly of a sightly dame</i>. In Plautus it is juxtaposed with <b>sciō</b>, making <b>hausciō</b>, i.e. <b>nesciō</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1451" id = "sec1451" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1451" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1451.</a></b> (3.) Negation may also be intimated by such words as <b>vix</b>, <i>hardly</i>, <b>parum</b>, <i>not . . . enough</i>, <i>not quite</i>, <b>minus</b>, <i>less</i>, <i>not</i>, <b>minimē</b>, <i>least of all</i>, <b>male</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1452" id = "sec1452" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1452" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1452.</a></b> Two negatives in the same sentence are usually equivalent to an affirmative.</p> @@ -32729,7 +32720,7 @@ as, <b>nēmō nōn</b>, <i>everybody</i>, <i>every human being</i>. <i>Fam.</i> 9, 14, 1, <i>I must confess</i>. <b>nēmō īgnōrat</b>, <i>V.</i> 2, 111, <i>everybody knows</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1453" id = "sec1453" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1453" href = "#simple_noun_neg">1453.</a></b> Sometimes, however, in old Latin, a second negation is used merely to emphasize the negative idea: as, <b>lapideō sunt corde multī, quōs nōn @@ -32738,14 +32729,14 @@ heart of stone, that feels for nobody</i>. For doubled negatives in compound sentences, see <a href = "#sec1660">1660</a>.</p> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_noun_degree" id = +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_noun_degree" href = "#simple_noun">USE OF DEGREES OF COMPARISON.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_degpos" id = "simple_noun_degpos" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_degpos" href = "#simple_noun_degree">The Positive.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1454" id = "sec1454" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1454" href = "#simple_noun_degpos">1454.</a></b> The positive sometimes expresses an idea of disproportion: as,</p> @@ -32755,12 +32746,12 @@ thought they had a cramped place to live in</i>. Generally, however, disproportion is expressed as in 1460 or 1461.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page247" id = "page247"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page247"> 247</a></span> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_comp" id = "simple_noun_comp" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_comp" href = "#simple_noun_degree">The Comparative.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1455" id = "sec1455" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1455" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1455.</a></b> When two things only are compared, the comparative is used: as,</p> @@ -32770,7 +32761,7 @@ hōrum?</b> H. <i>S.</i> 2, 3, 102, <i>which of these two is crazier?</i> <b>uter erātis, tūn an ille, maior?</b> Pl. <i>Men.</i> 1119, <i>you were—which of the two the bigger, thou or he?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1456" id = "sec1456" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1456" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1456.</a></b> The superlative is sometimes loosely used when only two things are meant: as, <b>Numitōrī, quī stirpis maximus erat, rēgnum lēgat</b>, L. @@ -32780,7 +32771,7 @@ rēfert, quī sum nātū maxumus</b>, T. <i>Ad.</i> 881, <i>that is of small concern to me, who am the eldest son</i>, says Demea, who has only one brother.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1457" id = "sec1457" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1457" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1457.</a></b> From Cicero on, an adjective or adverb is sometimes compared with another adjective or adverb. In such comparisons <b>quam</b> is always @@ -32796,7 +32787,7 @@ vērius</b>, <i>Mil.</i> 78, <i>with greater satisfaction than truth</i>. <b>pestilentia minācior quam perniciōsior</b>, L. 4, 52, 3, <i>a plague more alarming than destructive</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1458" id = "sec1458" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1458" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1458.</a></b> But sometimes the second member is put in the positive, even when the first has the comparative suffix: as, <b>ācrius quam cōnsīderātē</b>, @@ -32804,7 +32795,7 @@ Ta. <i>H.</i> 1, 83, <i>with more spirit than deliberation</i>. And sometimes both members: as, <b>clārīs maiōribus quam vetustīs</b>, Ta. 4, 61, <i>of a house famous rather than ancient</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1459" id = "sec1459" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1459" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1459.</a></b> The comparative may be modified by ablatives of difference, such as <b>multō</b>, <i>far</i>, <b>aliquantō</b>, <i>considerably</i>, @@ -32814,7 +32805,7 @@ much</i>, <i>ever so much</i> (<a href = "#sec1393">1393</a>). Also by Vergil, and later Latin by <b>longē</b>, <i>far</i>, <b>adhūc</b>, <i>still</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1460" id = "sec1460" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1460" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1460.</a></b> The comparative of an adjective or adverb often denotes that which is more than usual or more than is right: as,</p> @@ -32826,7 +32817,7 @@ have several wives</i>. <b>senectūs est nātūrā loquācior</b>, <i>CM.</i> quid asperius dīxeram</b>, <i>DN.</i> 1, 93, <i>the old gentleman always got provoked if I said anything a bit rough</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1461" id = "sec1461" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1461" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1461.</a></b> The comparative of disproportion is often defined by some added expression: as,</p> @@ -32841,9 +32832,9 @@ ablative: see the dictionary. Sometimes a new sentence is added: as, <i>I am over greedy of glory</i>. For <b>quam ut</b> or <b>quam quī</b>, see <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page248" id = "page248"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page248"> 248</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1462" id = "sec1462" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1462" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1462.</a></b> The comparative with a sentence of negative import is often preferred to the superlative with a positive sentence: as,</p> @@ -32858,7 +32849,7 @@ or <b>quid</b> is often used: as, <b>Phaedrō nihil ēlegantius, nihil hūmānius</b>, <i>DN.</i> 1, 93, <i>Phaedrus was the most refined and sympathetic of men</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1463" id = "sec1463" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1463" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1463.</a></b> In colloquial language, a comparative suffix is sometimes emphasized by the addition of <b>magis</b>: as, <b>mollior magis</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> @@ -32868,7 +32859,7 @@ the comparative is modified by <b>aequē</b>, like the positive: as, <i>there’s not a man so woebegone as I</i>, for <b>miserior</b> alone, or <b>aequē miser</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1464" id = "sec1464" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1464" href = "#simple_noun_comp">1464.</a></b> The comparative with the ablative is particularly common, when a thing is illustrated by some striking typical object, usually an object of @@ -32884,10 +32875,10 @@ as black as pitch</i>. <b>dūrior ferrō et saxō</b>, O. 14, 712, <i>as hard as steel and stone</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_noun_sup" id = "simple_noun_sup" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_noun_sup" href = "#simple_noun_degree">The Superlative.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1465" id = "sec1465" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1465" href = "#simple_noun_sup">1465.</a></b> When more than two things are compared, the superlative is used to represent a quality as belonging in the highest degree to an individual @@ -32897,7 +32888,7 @@ or to a number of a class: as,</p> the nearest to the Germans</i>. <b>hōrum omnium fortissimī</b>, 1, 1, 3, <i>the bravest of these all</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1466" id = "sec1466" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1466" href = "#simple_noun_sup">1466.</a></b> The superlative may be strengthened by the addition of such words as <b>ūnus</b>, <i>preeminently</i>, usually with a genitive, @@ -32914,7 +32905,7 @@ itineribus in Galliam contendit</b>, 1, 7, 1, <i>he pushes into Gaul by the quickest marches he can</i>. <b>quam mātūrrimē</b>, 1, 33, 4, <i>as early as possible</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1467" id = "sec1467" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1467" href = "#simple_noun_sup">1467.</a></b> The superlative is also used to denote a very high degree of the quality.</p> @@ -32927,7 +32918,7 @@ unprincipled man</i>. Often best by the positive alone: as, <b>vir fortissimus, Pīsō Aquītānus</b>, 4, 12, 4, <i>the heroic Piso of Aquitain</i> (<a href = "#sec1044">1044</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1468" id = "sec1468" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1468" href = "#simple_noun_sup">1468.</a></b> In exaggerated style, the superlative of eminence may be capped by a comparative: as, <b>stultior stultissumō</b>, Pl. <i>Am.</i> 907, @@ -32936,29 +32927,29 @@ tū, quae es miserrima</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 14, 3, 1, <i>I am myself more unhappy than you, who are a most unhappy woman</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page249" id = "page249"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page249"> 249</a></span> -<h4><a name = "simple_verb" id = "simple_verb" href = "#simple">(B.) USE +<h4><a id = "simple_verb" href = "#simple">(B.) USE OF THE VERB.</a></h4> -<h5 class = "topline2"><a name = "simple_verb_voice" id = +<h5 class = "topline2"><a id = "simple_verb_voice" href = "#simple_verb">VOICE.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "simple_verb_active" id = "simple_verb_active" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_verb_active" href = "#simple_verb_voice">The Active Voice.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1469" id = "sec1469" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1469" href = "#simple_verb_active">1469.</a></b> In the active voice, the subject is represented as performing the action of the verb.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1470" id = "sec1470" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1470" href = "#simple_verb_active">1470.</a></b> By action is meant the operation of any verb, whether active or passive, and whether used intransitively or transitively.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1471" id = "sec1471" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1471" href = "#simple_verb_active">1471.</a></b> The active of one verb sometimes serves as the passive of another: thus, <b>pereō</b>, <i>go to destruction</i>, <i>die</i>, serves as the @@ -32969,14 +32960,14 @@ be</i>, <i>am made</i>, is used in the present system as the passive of <b>faciō</b>, <i>make</i> (<a href = "#sec788">788</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_verb_passive" id = "simple_verb_passive" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_verb_passive" href = "#simple_verb_voice">The Passive Voice.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1472" id = "sec1472" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1472" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1472.</a></b> In the passive voice, the subject is represented as acted upon.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1473" id = "sec1473" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1473" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1473.</a></b> The object accusative of the active voice becomes the subject of the passive voice (<a href = "#sec1125">1125</a>); and the predicate @@ -32995,14 +32986,14 @@ interficitur</b>, 5, 58, 6, <i>Indutiomarus is slain</i>. informs the soldiers</i>. Passive: <b>certior factus est</b>, 2, 34, <i>he was informed</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1474" id = "sec1474" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1474" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1474.</a></b> Verbs which have two accusatives, one of the person and one of the thing in the active voice, generally have the person as subject in the passive, less frequently the thing: see <a href = "#sec1171">1171</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1475" id = "sec1475" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1475" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1475.</a></b> An emphasizing or defining accusative, or an accusative of extent or duration, is occasionally made the subject of a passive: as,</p> @@ -33013,16 +33004,16 @@ duration, is occasionally made the subject of a passive: as,</p> <i>all winter long by me is slept</i>, i.e. <b>tōtam dormiō hiemem</b> (<a href = "#sec1151">1151</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page250" id = "page250"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page250"> 250</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1476" id = "sec1476" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1476" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1476.</a></b> The person by whom the action is done is put in the ablative with <b>ab</b> or <b>ā</b> (<a href = "#sec1318">1318</a>); the thing by which it is done is put in the instrumental ablative (<a href = "#sec1377">1377</a>); as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1476a" id = "sec1476a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1476a">a.</a></i>) <b>nōn numquam latrō ā viātōre occīditur</b>, <i>Mil.</i> 55, <i>once in a while the robber gets killed by the wayfarer</i>. <b>respondit, ā cīve sē spoliārī mālle quam ab hoste vēnīre</b>, Quintil. 12, 1, @@ -33033,28 +33024,28 @@ than sold by an enemy</i> (<a href = "#sec1471">1471</a>). man</i>, i.e. Themistocles. Very often, however, the person or thing is not expressed, particularly with impersonals.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1477" id = "sec1477" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1477" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1477.</a></b> When the person is represented as a mere instrument, the ablative is used without <b>ab</b> (<a href = "#sec1378">1378</a>); and when collectives, animals, or things without life are personified, the ablative takes <b>ab</b> (<a href = "#sec1318">1318</a>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1477a" id = "sec1477a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1477a">a.</a></i>) <b>neque vērō minus Platō dēlectātus est Diōne</b>, N. 10, 2, 3, <i>and Plato on his part was just as much bewitched with Dion</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>eius ōrātiō ā multitūdine et ā forō dēvorābātur</b>, <i>Br.</i> 283, <i>his oratory was swallowed whole by the untutored many and by the bar</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1478" id = "sec1478" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1478" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1478.</a></b> Sometimes the person by whom the action is done is indicated by the dative of the possessor: see <a href = "#sec1216">1216</a>. And regularly with the gerund and gerundive construction (<a href = "#sec2243">2243</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1479" id = "sec1479" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1479" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1479.</a></b> Only verbs of transitive use have ordinarily a complete passive. Verbs of intransitive use have only the impersonal forms of the passive (<a @@ -33071,14 +33062,14 @@ also be used impersonally: as, <b>di͡ēs noctīsque ēstur, bibitur</b>, Pl. <i>Most.</i> 235, <i>there is eating and drinking all day and all night</i> (<a href = "#sec1133">1133</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1480" id = "sec1480" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1480" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1480.</a></b> The complementary dative of a verb in the active voice is in poetry very rarely made the subject of a passive verb: as, <b>invideor</b>, H. <i>AP.</i> 56, <i>I am envied</i>. <b>imperor</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 5, 21, <i>I charge myself</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1481" id = "sec1481" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1481" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1481.</a></b> The passive had originally a reflexive meaning, which is still to be seen in the passive of many verbs: as,</p> @@ -33090,7 +33081,7 @@ charge upon the serried foes</i>. <b>quod semper movētur, aeternum est</b>, <i>TD.</i> 1, 53, <i>anything that is always moving, is eternal</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1482" id = "sec1482" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1482" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1482.</a></b> The present participle of reflexives is sometimes used in a reflexive sense: <ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">as,</ins> @@ -33101,12 +33092,12 @@ sense: <ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">as,</ins> <i>rolling</i>. Also the gerund: as, <b>iūs vehendī</b>, <i>the privilege of riding</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1483" id = "sec1483" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1483" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1483.</a></b> Passive forms of <b>coepī</b> and <b>dēsinō</b> are commonly used in the perfect system, when a dependent infinitive is passive: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page251" id = "page251"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page251"> 251</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>litterīs ōrātiō est coepta mandārī</b>, <i>Br.</i> 26, <i>oratory began to be put in black and white</i>. @@ -33117,7 +33108,7 @@ forms are used with <b>fierī</b> also, which is not passive (<a href = "#sec789">789</a>); but even with <b>fierī</b>, Livy uses the passive forms.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1484" id = "sec1484" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1484" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1484.</a></b> Similar attractions with a passive infinitive occur in <b>potestur</b>, &c., <b>quītur</b> and <b>quitus sum</b>, <b>nequītur</b>, &c., @@ -33125,7 +33116,7 @@ rarely, and mostly in old Latin: as, <b>fōrma in tenebrīs nōscī nōn quitast</b>, T. <i>Hec.</i> 572, <i>her shape could hardly be distinguished in the dark</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1485" id = "sec1485" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1485" href = "#simple_verb_passive">1485.</a></b> Some perfect participles have an active meaning: as, <b>adultus</b>, <i>grown up</i>. See <a href = "#sec907">907</a>, and also in the @@ -33134,15 +33125,15 @@ dictionary <b>cautus</b>, <b>cōnsultus</b>, <b>concrētus</b>, <b>nūpta</b>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_verb_dep" id = "simple_verb_dep" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_verb_dep" href = "#simple_verb_voice">Deponents.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1486" id = "sec1486" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1486" href = "#simple_verb_dep">1486.</a></b> Many verbs have only passive inflections, but with the meaning of active inflections. Such verbs are called <i>Deponents</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1487" id = "sec1487" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1487" href = "#simple_verb_dep">1487.</a></b> In many deponents, a reflexive, passive, or reciprocal action is still clearly to be seen: as,</p> @@ -33153,7 +33144,7 @@ myself</i>; <b>amplectimur</b>, <i>hug each other</i>; <b>fābulāmur</b>, <i>talk together</i>; <b>partīmur</b>, <i>share with one another</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1488" id = "sec1488" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1488" href = "#simple_verb_dep">1488.</a></b> Some verbs have both active and deponent inflections: as, <b>adsentiō</b>, <i>agree</i>, more commonly <b>adsentior</b>. @@ -33166,7 +33157,7 @@ inflections in the perfect system: <b>audeō</b>, <b>cōnfīdō</b> and <b>diffīdō</b>, <b>gaudeō</b>, <b>soleō</b>: see also <a href = "#sec801">801</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1489" id = "sec1489" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1489" href = "#simple_verb_dep">1489.</a></b> In old Latin especially, many verbs which afterwards became fixed as deponents occur with active inflections also: as, <b>adūlō</b>, @@ -33174,13 +33165,13 @@ deponents occur with active inflections also: as, <b>adūlō</b>, <b>lūdificō</b>, <b>morō</b>, <b>partiō</b>, <b>venerō</b>, &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1490" id = "sec1490" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1490" href = "#simple_verb_dep">1490.</a></b> Verbs which are usually deponent are rarely found with a passive meaning: as, <b>Sūllānās rēs dēfendere crīminor</b>, <i>LAgr.</i> 3, 13, <i>I am charged with defending Sulla’s policy</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1491" id = "sec1491" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1491" href = "#simple_verb_dep">1491.</a></b> When it is desirable to express the passive of a deponent, a synonyme is sometimes used: thus, the passive of <b>mīror</b>, <i>admire</i>, may @@ -33191,7 +33182,7 @@ respect</i>, as passive of <b>veneror</b>. <b>familia in suspīciōnem est vocāta</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 10, <i>the household was suspected</i>, as passive of <b>suspicor</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1492" id = "sec1492" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1492" href = "#simple_verb_dep">1492.</a></b> The perfect participle of deponents is sometimes used with a passive meaning. Some of the commonest of these participles are: <b>adeptus</b>, @@ -33200,19 +33191,19 @@ meaning. Some of the commonest of these participles are: <b>adeptus</b>, <b>partītus</b>, <b>testātus</b>, &c., &c.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page252" id = "page252"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page252"> 252</a></span> -<h5><a name = "simple_verb_mood" id = "simple_verb_mood" href = +<h5><a id = "simple_verb_mood" href = "#simple_verb">MOOD.</a></h5> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "simple_mood_indic" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "simple_mood_indic" href = "#simple_verb_mood">THE INDICATIVE MOOD.</a></h6> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_decl" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_decl" href = "#simple_mood_indic">Declarations.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1493" id = "sec1493" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1493" href = "#simple_mood_decl">1493.</a></b> The indicative mood is used in simple, absolute declarations: as,</p> @@ -33220,13 +33211,13 @@ The indicative mood is used in simple, absolute declarations: as,</p> man I sing</i>. <b>leve fit quod bene fertur onus</b>, O. <i>A.</i> 4, 2, 10, <i>light gets the load that’s bravely borne</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1494" id = "sec1494" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1494" href = "#simple_mood_decl">1494.</a></b> The negative used with the indicative is commonly <b>nōn</b>, <i>not</i> (<a href = "#sec1443">1443</a>). For other negative expressions, see <a href = "#sec1445">1445-1451</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1495" id = "sec1495" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1495" href = "#simple_mood_decl">1495.</a></b> Certain verbs and verbal expressions denoting ability, duty, propriety, necessity, and the like, mostly with an infinitive, are regularly put in @@ -33251,7 +33242,7 @@ done?</i> (<i>c.</i>) <b>licuit uxōrem genere summō dūcere</b>, Pl. servātum</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 94, <i>how much better it would have been, for the father’s word not to have been kept</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1496" id = "sec1496" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1496" href = "#simple_mood_decl">1496.</a></b> The principal verbs and verbal expressions thus used are: (<i>a.</i>) <b>possum</b>, <b>licet</b>, <b>dēbeō</b>, <b>oportet</b>, @@ -33266,7 +33257,7 @@ href = "#sec1237">1237</a>). (<i>c.</i>) Similarly, but without an infinitive, forms of <b>sum</b> with a gerund, a gerundive, or a future participle.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1497" id = "sec1497" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1497" href = "#simple_mood_decl">1497.</a></b> The imperfect of most of the above verbs and verbal expressions often relates to action not performed at the present time: as,</p> @@ -33280,9 +33271,9 @@ past: as, <b>sollicitāre poterat, audēbat</b>, <i>C.</i> 3, 16, <i>he had at once the assurance and the ability to play the tempter’s part</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page253" id = "page253"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page253"> 253</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1498" id = "sec1498" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1498" href = "#simple_mood_decl">1498.</a></b> Forms of <b>possum</b> are sometimes put in the subjunctive (<a href = "#sec1554">1554</a>). Thus, <b>possim</b>, &c., often (<a href = @@ -33296,15 +33287,15 @@ sentences of negative import (<a href = "#sec1561">1561</a>), rarely apodosis.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_ques" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_ques" href = "#simple_mood_indic">Questions.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1499" id = "sec1499" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1499" href = "#simple_mood_ques">1499.</a></b> The indicative is the mood ordinarily used in enquiries and in exclamations: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1499a" id = "sec1499a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1499a">a.</a></i>) <b>huic ego ‘studēs?’ inquam. respondit ‘etiam.’ ‘ubī̆?’ ‘Mediōlānī.’ ‘cūr nōn hīc?’ ‘quia nūllōs hīc praeceptōrēs habēmus,’</b> Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 4, 13, 3, <i>said I to the boy, ‘do you go to school?’ ‘yes, @@ -33313,7 +33304,7 @@ haven’t any teachers here.’</i> (<i>b.</i>) <b>ut ego tuum amōrem et dolōrem dēsīderō</b>, <i>Att.</i> 3, 11, 12, <i>how I always feel the absence of your affectionate sympathy</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1500" id = "sec1500" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1500" href = "#simple_mood_ques">1500.</a></b> Questions and exclamations are used much more freely in Latin than in English. Particularly common are two questions, of which the first is @@ -33329,7 +33320,7 @@ posteā</b>, <b>quid igitur</b>, <b>quid ergō</b>, &c., &c.: as, <b>quid? canis nōnne similis lupō?</b> <i>DN.</i> 1, 97, <i>why, is not the dog like the wolf?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1501" id = "sec1501" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1501" href = "#simple_mood_ques">1501.</a></b> There are two kinds of questions: (1.) Such questions as call for the answer <i>yes</i> or <i>no</i> in English: as, <i>is he gone?</i> These @@ -33339,11 +33330,11 @@ derived from an interrogative pronoun: as, <i>who is gone? where is he?</i> These are called <i>Pronoun Questions</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_yesno" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_yesno" href = "#simple_mood_indic">Yes or No Questions.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1502" id = "sec1502" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1502" href = "#simple_mood_yesno">1502.</a></b> (1.) Yes or No questions are sometimes put without any interrogative particle: as,</p> @@ -33358,22 +33349,22 @@ broaching wine for him? :: not I</i>. Especially with <b>nōn</b>: as, that your schemes are out?</i> It is often doubtful whether such sentences are questions, exclamations, or declarations.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1503" id = "sec1503" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1503" href = "#simple_mood_yesno">1503.</a></b> (2.) Yes or No questions are usually introduced by one of the interrogative particles <b class = "locked">-ne</b> or <b class = "locked">-n</b>, <b>nōnne</b>, <b>num</b>, <b>an</b>, <b>anne</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1504" id = "sec1504" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1504" href = "#simple_mood_yesno">1504.</a></b> A question with <b>-ne</b> or <b>-n</b> may enquire simply, without any implication as to the character of the answer, or it may either expect an affirmative answer like <b>nōnne</b>, or less frequently a negative answer like <b>num</b>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page254" id = "page254"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page254"> 254</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1504a" id = "sec1504a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1504a">a.</a></i>) <b>valen?</b> Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 50, <i>art well?</i> <b>habētin aurum?</b> Pl. <i>B.</i> 269, <i>have you got the gold?</i> (<i>b.</i>) <b>iussīn in splendōrem darī bullās hās foribus?</b> @@ -33387,7 +33378,7 @@ it?</i> <b>quid, mundum praeter hunc umquamne vīdistī? negābis</b>, <i>DN.</i> 1, 96, <i>tell me, did you ever see any universe except this one? you will say no</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1505" id = "sec1505" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1505" href = "#simple_mood_yesno">1505.</a></b> Sometimes the <b>-ne</b> of an interrogative sentence is transferred to a following relative, chiefly in Plautus and Terence: as, <b>rogās? @@ -33398,12 +33389,12 @@ difficile</b>, H. <i>S.</i> 1, 10, 21, <i>what laggards at your books, to think it hard</i>, i.e. <b>nōnne estis sērī studiōrum, quī putētis difficile?</b> Compare 1569.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1506" id = "sec1506" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1506" href = "#simple_mood_yesno">1506.</a></b> To a question with <b>nōnne</b>, a positive answer is usually expected, seldom a negative: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1506a" id = "sec1506a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1506a">a.</a></i>) <b>nōnne meministī? :: meminī vērō</b>, <i>TD.</i> 2, 10, <i>don’t you remember? :: oh yes</i>. Sometimes a second or third question also has <b>nōnne</b>, but oftener <b>nōn</b>: as, <b>nōnne ad tē L. Lentulus, @@ -33413,13 +33404,13 @@ Lentulus and Sanga and Torquatus come to see you?</i> mind?</i> <b>nōnne</b> is rare in Plautus, comparatively so in Terence, but very common in classical Latin.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1507" id = "sec1507" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1507" href = "#simple_mood_yesno">1507.</a></b> To a question with <b>num</b> a negative answer is generally expected. Less frequently either a positive or a negative answer indifferently: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1507a" id = "sec1507a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1507a">a.</a></i>) <b>num negāre audēs?</b> <i>C.</i> 1, 8, <i>do you undertake to deny it?</i> <b>num, tibi cum faucēs ūrit sitis, aurea quaeris pōcula?</b> <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">H.</ins> <i>S.</i> 1, 2, @@ -33431,7 +33422,7 @@ ais? num obdormīvistī dūdum?</b> Pl. <i>Am.</i> 620, <i>but harkee, wert asleep a while ago?</i> <b>numquīd vīs?</b> Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 192, <i>hast any further wish?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1508" id = "sec1508" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1508" href = "#simple_mood_yesno">1508.</a></b> A question with <b>an</b>, less often <b>anne</b>, or if negative, with <b>an nōn</b>, usually challenges or comments emphatically on something @@ -33450,7 +33441,7 @@ man loved more?</i> In old Latin, <b>an</b> is oftener used in a single than in an alternative question, while in classical Latin it is rather the reverse.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1509" id = "sec1509" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1509" href = "#simple_mood_yesno">1509.</a></b> (3.) Yes or No questions are sometimes introduced by <b>ecquis</b>, <b>ecquō</b>, <b>ecquandō</b>, or <b>ēn umquam</b>: as,</p> @@ -33462,9 +33453,9 @@ of this audience?</i> (<a href = "#sec1144">1144</a>). <b>ō pater, ēn umquam aspiciam tē?</b> Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 588, <i>O father, shall I ever set mine eyes on thee?</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page255" id = "page255"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page255"> 255</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1510" id = "sec1510" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1510" href = "#simple_mood_yesno">1510.</a></b> (4.) In Plautus, <b>satin</b> or <b>satin ut</b>, <i>really</i>, <i>actually</i>, sometimes becomes a mere interrogative or exclamatory @@ -33472,16 +33463,16 @@ particle: as, <b>satin abiīt ille?</b> Pl. <i>MG.</i> 481, <i>has that man really gone his way?</i></p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_posneg" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_posneg" href = "#simple_mood_indic">Positive and Negative Answers.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1511" id = "sec1511" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1511" href = "#simple_mood_posneg">1511.</a></b> There are no two current Latin words corresponding exactly with <i>yes</i> and <i>no</i> in answers.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1512" id = "sec1512" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1512" href = "#simple_mood_posneg">1512.</a></b> (1.) A positive answer is expressed by some emphatic word of the question, repeated with such change as the context may require: as,</p> @@ -33498,7 +33489,7 @@ used, without the repetition, such as <b>certē</b>, <b>certō</b>, vērō</b>, <b>sānē</b>, <b>sānē quidem</b>, <b>scīlicet</b>, <i>oh of course</i>, <b>vērō</b>, rarely <b>vērum</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1513" id = "sec1513" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1513" href = "#simple_mood_posneg">1513.</a></b> (2.) A negative answer is expressed by a similar repetition, with <b>nōn</b> or some other negative added: as,</p> @@ -33509,7 +33500,7 @@ words as <b>nōn</b>, <b>nōn ita</b>, <b>nōn quidem</b>, <b>nōn hercle vērō</b>, <b>minimē</b>, <b>minimē quidem</b>, <b>minimē vērō</b>, <b>nihil minus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1514" id = "sec1514" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1514" href = "#simple_mood_posneg">1514.</a></b> <b>immō</b> introduces a sentence rectifying a mistake, implied doubt, or understatement in a question: as, <b>nūllane habēs vitia? :: immō @@ -33520,18 +33511,18 @@ ones</i>. <b>causa igitur nōn bona est? immō optima</b>, <i>Att.</i> 9, very good</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_alt" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_alt" href = "#simple_mood_indic">Alternative Questions.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1515" id = "sec1515" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1515" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1515.</a></b> The alternative question belongs properly under the head of the compound sentence. But as the interrogative particles employed in the single question are also used in the alternative question, the alternative question is most conveniently considered here.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1516" id = "sec1516" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1516" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1516.</a></b> In old English, the first of two alternative questions is often introduced by the interrogative particle <i>whether</i>, and the second @@ -33539,7 +33530,7 @@ by <i>or</i>: as, <i>whether is it easier to say, Thy sins be forgiven thee, or to say Arise?</i> In modern English, <i>whether</i> is not used thus.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1517" id = "sec1517" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1517" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1517.</a></b> The history of the Latin alternative question is just the reverse of the English. In old Latin, the first question is very often put without any @@ -33547,7 +33538,7 @@ interrogative particle. Later, in the classical period, the use of <b class = "locked">-ne</b>, or oftener of <b>utrum</b>, etymologically the same as <i>whether</i>, is overwhelmingly predominant.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1518" id = "sec1518" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1518" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1518.</a></b> In the simplest form of the alternative sentence, neither question is introduced by an interrogative particle: as,</p> @@ -33556,9 +33547,9 @@ introduced by an interrogative particle: as,</p> <i>what shall I do? go up and speak, or wait?</i> (<a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page256" id = "page256"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page256"> 256</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1519" id = "sec1519" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1519" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1519.</a></b> Of two alternative questions, the first either has no interrogative particle at all, or is more commonly introduced by <b>utrum</b>, <b @@ -33566,7 +33557,7 @@ class = "locked">-ne</b>, or <b class = "locked">-n</b>. The second is introduced by <b>an</b>, rarely by <b>anne</b>, or if it is negative, by <b>an nōn</b>: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1519a" id = "sec1519a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1519a">a.</a></i>) <b>album an ātrum vīnum pōtās?</b> Pl. <i>Men.</i> 915, <i>do you take light wine or dark?</i> <b>Tacitus es an Plīnius?</b> Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 9, 23, 3, <i>are you Tacitus or Pliny?</i> <b>sortiētur an nōn?</b> @@ -33582,7 +33573,7 @@ bond or free?</i> <b>esne tū an nōn es ab illō mīlitī Macedoniō?</b> Pl. man?</i> <b>videōn Clīniam an nōn?</b> T. <i>Hau.</i> 405, <i>do I see Clinia or not?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1520" id = "sec1520" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1520" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1520.</a></b> <b>necne</b> for <b>an nōn</b> is rare: as, <b>sēmina praetereā linquontur necne animāī corpore in exanimō?</b> Lucr. 3, 713, <i>are @@ -33591,13 +33582,13 @@ in Cicero: as, <b>sunt haec tua verba necne?</b> <i>TD.</i> 3, 41, <i>are these your words or not?</i> But <b>necne</b> is common in indirect questions.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1521" id = "sec1521" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1521" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1521.</a></b> Instead of a single second question with <b>an</b>, several questions may be used if the thought requires it, each introduced by <b>an</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1522" id = "sec1522" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1522" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1522.</a></b> Sometimes an introductory <b>utrum</b> precedes two alternative questions with <b class = "locked">-ne</b> and <b>an</b>: as, <b>utrum @@ -33609,13 +33600,13 @@ you rather do, have us make sail at once, or row just a little bit?</i> In Horace and late prose, <b>utrumne . . . an</b> is found a few times.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1523" id = "sec1523" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1523" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1523.</a></b> Sometimes a second alternative question is not put at all: as, <b>utrum hōc bellum nōn est?</b> <i>Ph.</i> 8, 7, in old English, <i>whether is not this war?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1524" id = "sec1524" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1524" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1524.</a></b> Two or more separate questions asked with <b>-ne . . . -ne</b>, or with <b>num ... num</b>, must not be mistaken for alternative questions: as, @@ -33623,17 +33614,17 @@ Two or more separate questions asked with <b>-ne . . . -ne</b>, or with 23, <i>did length of days compel either Homer or Hesiod to hush his voice?</i> (<a href = "#sec1692">1692</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1525" id = "sec1525" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1525" href = "#simple_mood_alt">1525.</a></b> An alternative question is answered by repeating one member or some part of it, with such changes as the context may require.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_pron" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_pron" href = "#simple_mood_indic">Pronoun Questions.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1526" id = "sec1526" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1526" href = "#simple_mood_pron">1526.</a></b> Pronoun questions or exclamations are introduced by interrogative pronouns, or words of pronoun origin.</p> @@ -33655,23 +33646,23 @@ potuit?</b> <i>DN.</i> 3, 76, <i>how could a god have been taken in?</i> nescīre</b>, <i>DN.</i> 1, 84, <i>how pretty it would have been to own up that you did not know</i> (<a href = "#sec1495">1495</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page257" id = "page257"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page257"> 257</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1527" id = "sec1527" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1527" href = "#simple_mood_pron">1527.</a></b> Sometimes <b>quīn</b> loses its interrogative force, and introduces an impatient imperative, particularly in Plautus and Terence, or an indicative of sudden declaration of something obvious or startling: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1527a" id = "sec1527a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1527a">a.</a></i>) <b>quīn mē aspice</b>, Pl. <i>Most.</i> 172, <i>why look me over, won’t you?</i> i.e. <b>mē aspice, <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘quin’">quīn</ins> aspicis?</b> So twice in Cicero’s orations. (<i>b.</i>) <b>quīn discupiō dīcere</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 932, <i>why I am bursting with desire to tell</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1528" id = "sec1528" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1528" href = "#simple_mood_pron">1528.</a></b> In Plautus, Terence, Horace, and Livy, <b>ut</b>, <i>how</i>, also is used in questions: as, <b>ut valēs?</b> Pl. <i>R.</i> 1304, <i>how do @@ -33682,14 +33673,14 @@ carbōnēs adsident; semper calent</b>, Pl. <i>R.</i> 531, <i>what lucky dogs the blacksmiths be, that sit by redhot coals; they’re always warm</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1529" id = "sec1529" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1529" href = "#simple_mood_pron">1529.</a></b> In poetry, <b>quis</b>, <b>uter</b>, and <b>quantus</b> are found a few times with <b class = "locked">-ne</b> attached; as, <b>uterne ad cāsūs dubiōs fīdet sibi certius?</b> H. <i>S.</i> 2, 2, 107, <i>which of the two in doubtful straits will better in himself confide?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1530" id = "sec1530" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1530" href = "#simple_mood_pron">1530.</a></b> Two or more questions or exclamations are sometimes united with one and the same verb: as,</p> @@ -33702,16 +33693,16 @@ fuērunt</b>, <i>Mil.</i> 38, <i>what great chances there were, time and again, splendid ones too</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_appl" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_appl" href = "#simple_mood_indic">Some Applications of Questions.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1531" id = "sec1531" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1531" href = "#simple_mood_appl">1531.</a></b> A question in the indicative present or future may be used to intimate command or exhortation, deliberation, or appeal: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1531a" id = "sec1531a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1531a">a.</a></i>) <b>abin hinc?</b> T. <i>Eu.</i> 861, <i>will you get out of this?</i> <b>abin an nōn? :: abeō</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 660, <i>will you begone or not? :: I’ll go</i>. <b>quīn abīs?</b> Pl. <i>MG.</i> 1087, <i>why won’t @@ -33731,7 +33722,7 @@ him</i>. See also <a href = "#sec1623">1623</a>. Such indicative questions occur particularly in old Latin, in Catullus, in Cicero’s early works and letters, and in Vergil.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1532" id = "sec1532" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1532" href = "#simple_mood_appl">1532.</a></b> Some set forms occur repeatedly, especially in questions of curiosity, surprise, incredulity, wrath, or captiousness: as,</p> @@ -33748,9 +33739,9 @@ think of doing now? :: what, I?</i> In Plautus, threats are sometimes introduced by <b>scīn quō modō?</b> <i>do you know how?</i> i.e. at your peril.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page258" id = "page258"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page258"> 258</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1533" id = "sec1533" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1533" href = "#simple_mood_appl">1533.</a></b> A question is sometimes united with a participle, or an ablative absolute, or thrown into a subordinate sentence: as,</p> @@ -33765,18 +33756,18 @@ town?</i> <b>‘hominēs’ inquit ‘ēmistī.’ quid utī faceret?</b> purpose?</i></p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_mood_inf" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_mood_inf" href = "#simple_verb_mood">THE INFINITIVE OF INTIMATION.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1534" id = "sec1534" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1534" href = "#simple_mood_inf">1534.</a></b> The infinitive is principally used in subordination, and will be spoken of under that head. One use, however, of the present infinitive in main sentences, as a kind of substitute for a past indicative, requires mention here.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1535" id = "sec1535" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1535" href = "#simple_mood_inf">1535.</a></b> In animated narration, the present infinitive with a subject in the nominative sometimes takes the place of the imperfect or perfect @@ -33799,7 +33790,7 @@ Tacitus. Less commonly in Caesar. Usually two or more infinitives are combined, and infinitives are freely mixed with indicatives. The subject is never in the second person.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1536" id = "sec1536" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1536" href = "#simple_mood_inf">1536.</a></b> This infinitive is used to sketch or outline persistent, striking, or portentous action, where description fails; and as it merely @@ -33807,7 +33798,7 @@ portentous action, where description fails; and as it merely notation of time, number, or person, it is called the <i>Infinitive of Intimation</i>. It cannot be adequately represented in English.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1537" id = "sec1537" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1537" href = "#simple_mood_inf">1537.</a></b> The infinitive of intimation is sometimes used without a subject, when emphasis centres in the action alone; as,</p> @@ -33819,16 +33810,16 @@ campīs patentibus: sequī fugere, occīdī capī</b>, S. <i>I.</i> 101, 11, <i>then a heartrending spectacle in the open fields: chasing and racing, killing and catching</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1538" id = "sec1538" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1538" href = "#simple_mood_inf">1538.</a></b> Terence and Petronius have it in questions: as, <b>rēx tē ergō in oculīs :: scīlicet :: gestāre? :: vērō</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 401, <i>your king then always bearing you :: of course, of course :: in eye? :: oh yes</i>. <b>quī morī timōre nisi ego?</b> Petr. 62.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page259" id = "page259"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page259"> 259</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1539" id = "sec1539" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1539" href = "#simple_mood_inf">1539.</a></b> It may be mentioned here, that the infinitive of intimation is sometimes used from Sallust on in relative clauses and with <b>cum</b>, @@ -33836,7 +33827,7 @@ used from Sallust on in relative clauses and with <b>cum</b>, <b>ut</b>, <b>dōnec</b>, or <b>postquam</b>, co-ordinated with a present or imperfect indicative protasis: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1539a" id = "sec1539a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1539a">a.</a></i>) <b>cingēbātur interim mīlite domus, cum Libō vocāre percussōrem</b>, Ta. 2, 31, <i>the house meantime was encompassed with soldiers, when Libo called for somebody to kill him</i> (<a href = "#sec1869">1869</a>). @@ -33847,20 +33838,20 @@ invectives to open violence, he orders Flavian to be clapped in irons</i> (<a href = "#sec1933">1933</a>).</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_mood_subj" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_mood_subj" href = "#simple_verb_mood">THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</a></h6> <p class = "header smallcaps">Declarations.</p> -<p class = "header topline"><a name = "simple_mood_desire" id = +<p class = "header topline"><a id = "simple_mood_desire" href = "#simple_verb_mood">I. THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF DESIRE.</a></p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_wish" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_wish" href = "#simple_mood_desire">(A.) Wish.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1540" id = "sec1540" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1540" href = "#simple_mood_wish">1540.</a></b> The subjunctive may be used to express a wish.</p> @@ -33872,13 +33863,13 @@ In negative wishes <b>nē</b> is used, either alone, or preceded by <b>utinam</b> or <b>modo</b>; rarely <b>nōn</b>, or the old-fashioned <b>nec</b>, <i>not</i> (<a href = "#sec1446">1446</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1541" id = "sec1541" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1541" href = "#simple_mood_wish">1541.</a></b> (1.) The present and perfect represent a wish as practicable; although a hopeless wish may, of course, if the speaker chooses, be represented as practicable: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1541a" id = "sec1541a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1541a">a.</a></i>) <b>tē spectem, suprēma mihī cum vēnerit hōra</b>, Tib. 1, 1, 59, <i>on thee I’d gaze, when my last hour shall come</i>. <b>utinam illum diem videam</b>, <i>Att.</i> 3, 3, <i>I hope I may see the day</i>. @@ -33893,7 +33884,7 @@ my brother may rise from his grave</i>. <b>nē istūc Iuppiter sīrit</b>, L. 28, 28, 11, <i>now Jupiter forefend</i>. The perfect is found principally in old Latin.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1542" id = "sec1542" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1542" href = "#simple_mood_wish">1542.</a></b> The present is very common in asseveration: as,</p> @@ -33904,9 +33895,9 @@ me, as I hope to live</i>. <b>ita vīvam, ut maximōs sūmptūs faciō</b>, <i>Att.</i> 5, 15, 2, <i>as I hope to be saved, I am making great outlays</i>. See also <a href = "#sec1622">1622</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page260" id = "page260"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page260"> 260</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1543" id = "sec1543" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1543" href = "#simple_mood_wish">1543.</a></b> The perfect subjunctive sometimes refers to past action now completed: as, <b>utinam abierit malam crucem</b>, Pl. <i>Poen.</i> 799, @@ -33914,13 +33905,13 @@ as, <b>utinam abierit malam crucem</b>, Pl. <i>Poen.</i> 799, "#sec1165">1165</a>). <b>utinam spem implēverim</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 1, 10, 3, <i>I hope I may have fulfilled the expectations</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1544" id = "sec1544" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1544" href = "#simple_mood_wish">1544.</a></b> (2.) The imperfect represents a wish as hopeless in the present or immediate future, the pluperfect represents it as unfulfilled in the past: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1544a" id = "sec1544a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1544a">a.</a></i>) <b>tēcum lūdere sīcut ipsa possem</b>, Cat. 2, 9, <i>could I with thee but play, e’en as thy mistress’ self</i>, to Lesbia’s sparrow. <b>utinam ego tertius vōbīs amīcus adscrīberer</b>, <i>TD.</i> 5, 63, <i>would @@ -33934,7 +33925,7 @@ the earth the beam of fir</i>, i.e. for the Argo. <b>utinam ille omnīs sēcum cōpiās ēdūxisset</b>, <i>C.</i> 2, 4, <i>I only wish the man had marched out all his train-bands with him</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1545" id = "sec1545" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1545" href = "#simple_mood_wish">1545.</a></b> In old or poetical Latin, the imperfect sometimes denotes unfulfilled past action, like the usual pluperfect; as, <b>utinam in Siciliā @@ -33943,7 +33934,7 @@ Sicily</i>. <b>utinam tē dī prius perderent</b>, Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 537, <i>I wish the gods had cut thee off before</i>. See <a href = "#sec2075">2075</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1546" id = "sec1546" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1546" href = "#simple_mood_wish">1546.</a></b> In poetry, a wish is sometimes thrown into the form of a conditional protasis with <b>sī</b> or <b>ō sī</b>: as, <b>ō sī urnam argentī @@ -33951,11 +33942,11 @@ fōrs quae mihi mōnstret</b>, H. <i>S.</i> 2, 6, 10, <i>oh if some chance a pot of money may to me reveal</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_exhort" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_exhort" href = "#simple_mood_desire">(B.) Exhortation, Direction, Statement of Propriety.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1547" id = "sec1547" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1547" href = "#simple_mood_exhort">1547.</a></b> The subjunctive may be used to express an exhortation, a direction, or a statement of propriety.</p> @@ -33966,12 +33957,12 @@ negative exhortations or directions, <b>nē</b>, <b>nēmō</b>, <b>nihil</b>, or <b>numquam</b>, &c., is used, rarely <b>nōn</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1548" id = "sec1548" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1548" href = "#simple_mood_exhort">1548.</a></b> (1.) The present expresses what is to be done or is not to be done in the future: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1548a" id = "sec1548a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1548a">a.</a></i>) <b>hoc quod coepī prīmum ēnārrem</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 273, <i>first let me tell the story I’ve begun</i>. <b>taceam nunc iam</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 1058, <i>let me now hold my tongue</i>. <b>cōnsīdāmus hīc in umbrā</b>, @@ -33990,23 +33981,23 @@ elementa</b>, <ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">Quintil.</ins> 1, 4, 6, <i>let no man look down on the rudiments of grammar fancying them insignificant</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page261" id = "page261"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page261"> 261</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1549" id = "sec1549" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1549" href = "#simple_mood_exhort">1549.</a></b> (2.) The perfect subjunctive is rare: as, <b>idem dictum sit</b>, Quintil. 1, 1, 8, <i>the same be said, once for all</i>. Mostly in prohibitions: as, <b>morātus sit nēmō quō minus abeant</b>, L. 9, 11, 13, <i>let no man hinder them from going away</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1550" id = "sec1550" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1550" href = "#simple_mood_exhort">1550.</a></b> In positive commands, the second person singular often has a definite subject in old or epistolary Latin, and particularly <b>sīs</b>, for the imperative <b>es</b> or <b>estō</b>. Usually however an indefinite subject (<a href = "#sec1030">1030</a>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1550a" id = "sec1550a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1550a">a.</a></i>) <b>eās</b>, Pl. <i>R.</i> 519, <i>be off</i>. <b>hīc apud nōs hodiē cēnēs</b>, Pl. <i>Most.</i> 1129, <i>dine here with us today</i>. <b>cautus sīs, mī Tirō</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 16, 9, 4, <i>you must be @@ -34014,7 +34005,7 @@ careful, dear Tiro</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>istō bonō ūtāre, dum adsit</b>, <i>CM.</i> 33, <i>enjoy this blessing while you have it with you</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1551" id = "sec1551" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1551" href = "#simple_mood_exhort">1551.</a></b> When a prohibition is expressed in the subjunctive, the second person of the present is often used in old Latin, sometimes the perfect. Later, @@ -34022,7 +34013,7 @@ however, the perfect is generally prevalent. In the classical period, the present is almost confined to poetry. For the imperative in prohibitions, see <a href = "#sec1581">1581-1586</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1551a" id = "sec1551a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1551a">a.</a></i>) <b>nē illum verberēs</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 747, <i>you mustn’t thrash the man</i>. Once in Horace: <b>nē sīs patruos mihī</b>, <i>S.</i> 2, 3, 88, <i>don’t play stern governor to me</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>nē @@ -34030,12 +34021,12 @@ trānsierīs Ibērum</b>, L. 21, 44, 6, <i>do not cross the Iberus</i>. <b>quod dubitās nē fēcerīs</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 1, 18, 5, <i>what you have doubt about, never do</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1552" id = "sec1552" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1552" href = "#simple_mood_exhort">1552.</a></b> (3.) The imperfect or (but not in old Latin) pluperfect subjunctive is sometimes used to express past obligation or necessity: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1552a" id = "sec1552a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1552a">a.</a></i>) Imperfect: <b>quae hīc erant cūrārēs</b>, T. <i>Hec.</i> 230, <i>thou shouldst have looked to matters here</i>. <b>paterētur</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 202, <i>he should have stood it</i>. <b>quod sī meīs @@ -34054,11 +34045,11 @@ or necessity is expressed by the gerundive construction, or by some separate verb meaning <i>ought</i> (<a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_will" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_will" href = "#simple_mood_desire">(C.) Willingness, Assumption, Concession.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1553" id = "sec1553" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1553" href = "#simple_mood_will">1553.</a></b> The subjunctive of desire may be used to denote willingness, assumption, or concession: as,</p> @@ -34072,16 +34063,16 @@ is</i>. <b>nīl fēcerit, estō</b>, J. 6, 222, <i>he may be guiltless, be it so</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "simple_mood_conceive" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "simple_mood_conceive" href = "#simple_verb_mood">II. THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF ACTION CONCEIVABLE.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1554" id = "sec1554" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1554" href = "#simple_mood_conceive">1554.</a></b> The subjunctive is often used to represent action as conceivable, without asserting that it actually takes place.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page262" id = "page262"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page262"> 262</a></span> <p class = "fourth">In some of its applications, this subjunctive is often more exactly defined by an expression of doubt or of assurance: @@ -34092,7 +34083,7 @@ as, <b>fors fuat an</b> in Plautus, <b>forsitan</b> from Terence on <i>unhesitatingly</i>, &c., &c. The negative used with this subjunctive is <b>nōn</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1555" id = "sec1555" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1555" href = "#simple_mood_conceive">1555.</a></b> This subjunctive is particularly common in guarded or diffident statements: thus, <b>velim</b>, <i>I could wish</i>, <b>nōlim</b>, <i>I @@ -34101,11 +34092,11 @@ should not be willing</i>, <b>mālim</b>, <i>I would rather</i>, <b>volō</b>, <i>I insist</i>, <b>nōlō</b>, <i>I won’t</i>, <b>mālō</b>, <i>I prefer</i>, or <b>dīcō</b>, <i>I say</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1556" id = "sec1556" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1556" href = "#simple_mood_conceive">1556.</a></b> The present denotes action in an indefinite future: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1556a" id = "sec1556a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1556a">a.</a></i>) <b>ego forsitan in grege adnumerer</b>, <i>RA.</i> 89, <i>as for me, I might perhaps be counted in the common herd</i>. <b>mūtuom argentum rogem</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 758, <i>money I might borrow</i>. @@ -34128,13 +34119,13 @@ to me</i> (more commonly <b>dīcet aliquis</b>, <b>dīcēs</b>, <a href = <i>perhaps somebody may say</i>. <b>hoc vōbīs incrēdibile videātur</b>, <i>V.</i> 3, 109, <i>this may seem incredible to you</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1557" id = "sec1557" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1557" href = "#simple_mood_conceive">1557.</a></b> (1.) The perfect seldom occurs in old Latin. Later, it is rarely used of past time. In this use it resembles the perfect of concession (<a href = "#sec1553">1553</a>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1557a" id = "sec1557a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1557a">a.</a></i>) <b>forsitan temere fēcerim</b>, <i>RA.</i> 31, <i>peradventure I may have acted rashly</i>. <b>errāverim fortasse</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 1, 23, 2, <i>I may have been mistaken perhaps</i>. @@ -34144,13 +34135,13 @@ somebody, at some time or other, may have done something of the sort</i>. <b>haec ipsa forsitan fuerint nōn necessāria</b>, <i>Br.</i> 52, <i>even this may perhaps have been superfluous</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1558" id = "sec1558" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1558" href = "#simple_mood_conceive">1558.</a></b> (2.) The perfect is oftenest used with a future meaning, and particularly the first person singular active of verbs meaning <i>think</i> or <i>say</i>: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1558a" id = "sec1558a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1558a">a.</a></i>) <b>nōn facile dīxerim</b>, <i>TD.</i> 5, 121, <i>I could not readily say</i>. <b>hoc sine ūllā dubitātiōne cōnfirmāverim</b>, <i>Br.</i> 25, <i>this I can assert without any hesitation</i>. <b>pāce tuā @@ -34168,14 +34159,14 @@ can only keep under by terrorism</i>. (<i>c.</i>) <b>forsitan quispiam dīxerit</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 29, <i>perhaps somebody may say</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page263" id = "page263"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page263"> 263</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1559" id = "sec1559" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1559" href = "#simple_mood_conceive">1559.</a></b> (1.) The imperfect properly denotes action which might have taken place in the past: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1559a" id = "sec1559a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1559a">a.</a></i>) <b>nōn ego hoc ferrem calidus iuventā cōnsule Plancō</b>, H. 3, 14, 27, <i>this I should not have brooked in my hot youth, in Plancus’ consulate</i>. (<i>b.</i>) The second person singular, particularly @@ -34194,13 +34185,13 @@ might have been said in Tarquin’s, when he was driven from the throne</i>. <b>numquam faceret</b>, T. <i>Ph.</i> 121, <i>he never would have done it</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1560" id = "sec1560" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1560" href = "#simple_mood_conceive">1560.</a></b> (2.) The imperfect often denotes action not performed at the present time; so especially <b>vellem</b> (<b>nōllem</b>, <b>māllem</b>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1560a" id = "sec1560a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1560a">a.</a></i>) <b>nimis vellem habēre perticam</b>, Pl. <i>As.</i> 589, <i>I wish so much I had a stick</i>. <b>vellem adesse posset Panaetius; quaererem ex eō</b>, <i>TD.</i> 1, 81, <i>I only wish Panaetius could be with @@ -34215,12 +34206,12 @@ same</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>melius sequerēre cupīdine captam</b>, O. <i>Att.</i> 9, 17, 2, <i>in the present pinch his services would be extremely valuable</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1561" id = "sec1561" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1561" href = "#simple_mood_conceive">1561.</a></b> The pluperfect represents action which did not take place in the past: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1561a" id = "sec1561a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1561a">a.</a></i>) <b>vellem quidem licēret: hoc dīxissem</b>, <i>RA.</i> 138, <i>I only wish it were allowed; I should have said so and so</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>dedissēs huic animō pār corpus, fēcisset @@ -34232,17 +34223,17 @@ might have been capable of swallowing down cities and kingdoms speedily</i>. <b>vīcissent inprobōs bonī; quid deinde?</b> <i>Sest.</i> 43, <i>the good might have overpowered the bad; what next?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1562" id = "sec1562" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1562" href = "#simple_mood_conceive">1562.</a></b> It may be mentioned here, that the subjunctive of action conceivable often extends to subordinate sentences: see <a href = "#sec1731">1731</a>.</p> -<h6><a name = "simple_mood_subq" id = "simple_mood_subq" href = +<h6><a id = "simple_mood_subq" href = "#simple_mood_subj">Questions.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1563" id = "sec1563" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1563" href = "#simple_mood_subq">1563.</a></b> I. The subjunctive is often used to ask what action or whether any action is desired, commanded, proper, or necessary.</p> @@ -34250,9 +34241,9 @@ action is desired, commanded, proper, or necessary.</p> <p class = "fourth">In many instances a negative answer or no answer at all is expected The negative is <b>nē</b>, sometimes <b>nōn</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page264" id = "page264"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page264"> 264</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1563a" id = "sec1563a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1563a">a.</a></i>) <b>quō mē vertam?</b> <i>Scaur.</i> 19, <i>which way shall I turn?</i> <b>quid faciam, praescrībe :: quiēscās :: nē faciam, inquis, omnīnō versūs?</b> H. <i>S.</i> 2, 1, 5, <i>lay down the law, what I’m to do :: @@ -34266,7 +34257,7 @@ bow the knee to him? shall we listen to his terms?</i> paterer?</b> L. 42, 41, 12, <i>what in the world ought I to have done? keep inactive and stand it?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1564" id = "sec1564" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1564" href = "#simple_mood_subq">1564.</a></b> Such questions sometimes have the alternative form: as, <b>Corinthiīs bellum indīcāmus, an nōn?</b> <i>Inv.</i> 1, 17, <i>are we to declare @@ -34277,12 +34268,12 @@ should I have allowed another to become the owner of this house?</i> here <b>paterer</b> is equivalent to <b>aequom fuit patī</b> (<a href = "#sec1495">1495</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1565" id = "sec1565" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1565" href = "#simple_mood_subq">1565.</a></b> II. The subjunctive is often used to ask whether action is conceivable: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1565a" id = "sec1565a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1565a">a.</a></i>) <b>quis putet celeritātem ingenī L. Brūtō dēfuisse?</b> <i>Br.</i> 53, <i>who can suppose that Brutus lacked ready wit?</i> i.e. <b>nēmō putet</b> (<a href = "#sec1556">1556</a>), <b>putābit</b> (<a href = @@ -34299,7 +34290,7 @@ denotes action not performed at the present time (<a href = (<i>c.</i>) <b>ego tē vidēre nōluerim?</b> <i>QFr.</i> 1, 3, 1, <i>I have objected to seeing you?</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1566" id = "sec1566" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1566" href = "#simple_mood_subq">1566.</a></b> The subjunctive is often used in interrogative outbursts of surprise, disapprobation, indignation, or captious rejoinder. In such questions a @@ -34310,12 +34301,12 @@ negative is <b>nōn</b>.</p> Cicero, oftenest the letters, in Horace, Vergil, and Livy. Not in Caesar nor Sallust.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1567" id = "sec1567" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1567" href = "#simple_mood_subq">1567.</a></b> (1.) The question may have no interrogative word, or may have <b class = "locked">-ne</b>, especially in comedy: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1567a" id = "sec1567a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1567a">a.</a></i>) <b>nōn tacēs? :: taceam?</b> T. <i>Ph.</i> 987, <i>you hold your tongue :: I hold my tongue?</i> <b>nē flē :: egone illum nōn fleam?</b> Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 139, <i>weep not :: what, I not weep for him?</i> <b>tū @@ -34333,9 +34324,9 @@ the army, bless my soul?’ says he, ‘so many years.’</i> neglegerem?</b> <i>Sull.</i> 45, <i>could anybody’s safety have been so important in my eyes as to make me disregard my own?</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page265" id = "page265"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page265"> 265</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1568" id = "sec1568" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1568" href = "#simple_mood_subq">1568.</a></b> (2.) The question may have <b>utī</b> or <b>ut</b>: as,</p> @@ -34344,7 +34335,7 @@ corrigās?</b> <i>C.</i> 1, 22, <i>any thing break you down? you ever reform?</i> <b>pater ut obesse fīlīo dēbeat?</b> <i>Planc.</i> 31, <i>a father morally bound to work against his son?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1569" id = "sec1569" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1569" href = "#simple_mood_subq">1569.</a></b> (3.) The question with <b>utī</b> or <b>ut</b> is sometimes attended by a remnant of another question with <b class = "locked">-ne</b> or <b @@ -34352,7 +34343,7 @@ class = "locked">-n</b>. In this combination, <b class = "locked">-ne</b> either precedes, joined to an emphatic word, or it is attached directly to <b>utī</b> or <b>ut</b>: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1569a" id = "sec1569a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1569a">a.</a></i>) <b>egone ut tē interpellem?</b> <i>TD.</i> 2, 42, <i>what I? interrupt you?</i> <b>illīne ut impūne concitent fīnitima bella?</b> L. 4, 2, 12, <i>what, they be allowed to stir up border warfare with impunity?</i> @@ -34365,20 +34356,20 @@ haec īgnōrāret su͡om patrem?</b> T. <i>Ph.</i> 874, <i>oh bosh, not to have known the father that begat her?</i> See <a href = "#sec1505">1505</a> and <a href = "#sec1532">1532</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1570" id = "sec1570" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1570" href = "#simple_mood_subq">1570.</a></b> It may be mentioned here, that the interrogative subjunctive is often used in subordinate sentences: see <a href = "#sec1731">1731</a>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "simple_mood_impv" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "simple_mood_impv" href = "#simple_verb_mood">THE IMPERATIVE MOOD.</a></h6> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_command" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_command" href = "#simple_mood_impv">Command.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1571" id = "sec1571" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1571" href = "#simple_mood_command">1571.</a></b> The second person of the imperative mood is used in commands, either particular or general.</p> @@ -34416,9 +34407,9 @@ the cross</i>. <b>vīve valēque</b>, H. <i>S.</i> 2, 5, 109, <i>long live and thrive</i>, or <i>farewell</i>. <b>tibī̆ habē</b>, Pl. <i>Men.</i> 690, <i>you keep it yourself</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page266" id = "page266"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page266"> 266</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1572" id = "sec1572" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1572" href = "#simple_mood_command">1572.</a></b> The imperative is often softened by the addition of <b>amābō</b>, <b>obsecrō</b>, <b>quaesō</b>, <i>prithee</i>, <i>I beg</i>, or @@ -34428,7 +34419,7 @@ The imperative is often softened by the addition of <b>amābō</b>, <i>come on</i>, or by <b>modo</b>, <i>only</i>. The concessive imperative sometimes has <b>sānē</b>, <i>for all me</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1573" id = "sec1573" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1573" href = "#simple_mood_command">1573.</a></b> In Plautus and Terence, the enclitic <b>dum</b>, <i>a while</i>, <i>a minute</i>, <i>just</i>, is often attached to the imperative: as, @@ -34438,7 +34429,7 @@ Latin, <b>dum</b> is retained with <b>age</b> and <b>agite</b>: as, <i>come now, compare Sulla’s life with that man’s</i> (<a href = "#sec1075">1075</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1574" id = "sec1574" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1574" href = "#simple_mood_command">1574.</a></b> It may be mentioned here, that the imperative is often used in the protasis of a conditional sentence: as,</p> @@ -34449,13 +34440,13 @@ mourning for the dead</i>. Once only in old Latin, but often in late Latin, with a copulative: as, <b>perge, ac facile ecfēceris</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 695, <i>start on, and you will do it easily</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1575" id = "sec1575" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1575" href = "#simple_mood_command">1575.</a></b> (1.) The third person, and the longer forms of the second person, are used particularly in laws, legal documents, and treaties, and also in impressive general rules and maxims: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1575a" id = "sec1575a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1575a">a.</a></i>) <b>rēgiō imperiō duō suntō</b>, <i>Leg.</i> 3, 8, <i>there shall be two men vested with the power of kings</i>. <b>amīcitia rēgī Antiochō cum populō Rōmānō hīs lēgibus estō</b>, L. 38, 38, 1, <i>there shall be @@ -34465,7 +34456,7 @@ amity between king Antiochus and Rome on the following terms</i>. antīquīs</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 295, <i>live thou in old-time ways</i>. The longer forms are often called the <i>Future Imperative</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1576" id = "sec1576" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1576" href = "#simple_mood_command">1576.</a></b> (2.) The longer forms of the second person are also sometimes used in the ordinary speech of everyday life: as, <b>cavētō</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 1, @@ -34480,7 +34471,7 @@ tit for tat</i>. But also without such necessity: as, <b>aufertō intrō</b>, Pl. <i>Tru.</i> 914, <i>take it within</i>. <b>quiētus estō, inquam</b>, T. <i>Ph.</i> 713, <i>be not concerned, I say</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1577" id = "sec1577" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1577" href = "#simple_mood_command">1577.</a></b> (3.) It may be mentioned here, that the longer forms are very often used in the apodosis of a complex sentence, particularly with a future or a @@ -34496,7 +34487,7 @@ have anything to write, then write just that</i>. <b>cum ego P. Grānium testem prōdūxerō, refellitō, sī poteris</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 154, <i>when I put Granius on the witness stand, refute him if you can</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1578" id = "sec1578" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1578" href = "#simple_mood_command">1578.</a></b> In such combinations, however, the shorter forms are sometimes found: as, <b>ubi volēs, accerse</b>, T. <i>Andr.</i> 848, <i>fetch me when you @@ -34504,14 +34495,14 @@ will</i>. And conversely the longer forms are also found with a present protasis: as, <b>ūnum illud vidētō, sī mē amās</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 16, 1, 2, <i>attend to this one thing, an thou lovest me</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1579" id = "sec1579" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1579" href = "#simple_mood_command">1579.</a></b> A command is sometimes expressed by the subjunctive, accompanying <b>fac</b>, <b>facitō</b>, <b>fac ut</b>, <b>facitō ut</b>, <b>cūrā ut</b>, <b>cūrātō ut</b>, <b>vidē</b>, <b>vidē ut</b>, <b>volō</b>, or particularly <b>velim</b>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page267" id = "page267"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page267"> 267</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>magnum fac animum habeās et spem bonam</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 1, 2, 16, <i>see that you keep up an heroic soul and @@ -34523,7 +34514,7 @@ have you consider</i>. For commands in the subjunctive alone, see <a href = "#sec1547">1547</a>; in the future indicative, 1624; in the form of a question, 1531.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1580" id = "sec1580" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1580" href = "#simple_mood_command">1580.</a></b> A periphrastic perfect passive form is rare: as, <b>iūre caesus estō</b>, Twelve Tables in Macrob. <i>Sat.</i> 1, 4, 19, <i>he shall be @@ -34533,10 +34524,10 @@ admonitī nostrīs quoque cāsibus este</b>, O. <i>Tr.</i> 4, 8, 51, <i>but be ye warned by our misfortunes too</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_mood_proh" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_mood_proh" href = "#simple_mood_impv">Prohibition.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1581" id = "sec1581" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1581" href = "#simple_mood_proh">1581.</a></b> (1.) In prohibitions with the second person, the imperative with <b>nē</b> is used in old Latin, and with <b>nēve</b> as a connective, @@ -34549,13 +34540,13 @@ style: as, <b>nē saevī, magna sacerdōs</b>, V. 6, 544, <i>rave not, thou priestess grand</i>. Once in Livy: <b>nē timēte</b>, 3, 2, 9, <i>be not afraid</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1582" id = "sec1582" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1582" href = "#simple_mood_proh">1582.</a></b> From Ovid on, <b>nōn</b> is used a few times for <b>nē</b>: as, <b>nōn cārīs aurēs onerāte lapillīs</b>, O. <i>AA.</i> 3, 129, <i>load not with precious stones your ears</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1583" id = "sec1583" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1583" href = "#simple_mood_proh">1583.</a></b> (2.) Prohibitions in the second person are usually expressed by <b>nōlī</b> or <b>nōlīte</b> with the infinitive, particularly in @@ -34565,7 +34556,7 @@ classical prose: as,</p> <i>don’t scold</i>. <b>nōlīte id velle quod fierī nōn potest</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 7, 25, <i>don’t yearn after the unattainable</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1584" id = "sec1584" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1584" href = "#simple_mood_proh">1584.</a></b> In poetry, equivalents for <b>nōlī</b> are sometimes used with the infinitive, such as <b>fuge</b>, <b>parce</b> or <b>comperce</b>, @@ -34574,7 +34565,7 @@ infinitive, such as <b>fuge</b>, <b>parce</b> or <b>comperce</b>, the morrow brings, forbear to ask</i>. Livy has once <b>parce</b>, 34, 32, 20.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1585" id = "sec1585" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1585" href = "#simple_mood_proh">1585.</a></b> (3.) A prohibition in the second person is often expressed by the subjunctive accompanying <b>cavē̆</b>, <b>fac nē</b>, <b>vidē nē</b>, @@ -34590,7 +34581,7 @@ I am saying this in fun</i>. For prohibitions in the second person with "#sec1551">1551</a>. For the subjunctive coordinated with <b>cavē̆</b>, see <a href = "#sec1711">1711</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1586" id = "sec1586" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1586" href = "#simple_mood_proh">1586.</a></b> In law language, prohibitions are expressed by the third person of the imperative with <b>nē</b>, and with <b>nēve</b> as a connective: as,</p> @@ -34606,20 +34597,20 @@ with <b>nēmō</b>: as, <b>nēminī pārentō</b>, Twelve Tables in <a href = "#sec1548">1548</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page268" id = "page268"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page268"> 268</a></span> -<h5><a name = "simple_verb_tense" id = "simple_verb_tense" href = +<h5><a id = "simple_verb_tense" href = "#simple_verb">TENSE.</a></h5> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "simple_tense_indic" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "simple_tense_indic" href = "#simple_verb_tense">THE TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_tense_indic_1" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_tense_indic_1" href = "#simple_tense_indic">The Present Tense.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1587" id = "sec1587" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1587" href = "#simple_tense_indic_1">1587.</a></b> The present indicative represents action as going on at the time of speaking or writing: as,</p> @@ -34631,7 +34622,7 @@ first time I hear</i>. <b>notat ad caedem ūnum quemque nostrūm</b>, <b>domus aedificātur</b>, <i>Att.</i> 4, 2, 7, <i>the house is building</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1588" id = "sec1588" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1588" href = "#simple_tense_indic_1">1588.</a></b> The present is used to denote action customary or repeated at any time, or a general truth: as,</p> @@ -34649,7 +34640,7 @@ be</i>. <b>stultōrum plēna sunt omnia</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 9, 22, 4, <i>the world is full of fools</i>. <b>rīsū ineptō rēs ineptior nūllast</b>, Cat. 39, 16, <i>there’s nothing sillier than a silly laugh</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1589" id = "sec1589" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1589" href = "#simple_tense_indic_1">1589.</a></b> The present, when accompanied by some expression of duration of time, is often used to denote action which has been going on some time and is @@ -34670,7 +34661,7 @@ used: as, <b>sērō resistimus ē̆ī quem per annōs decem aluimus</b>, <i>Att.</i> 7, 5, 5, <i>it is too late to oppose a man whom we have been supporting ten long years</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1590" id = "sec1590" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1590" href = "#simple_tense_indic_1">1590.</a></b> The present is often used to represent past action as going on now. This is called the <i>Present of Vivid Narration</i>: as,</p> @@ -34683,9 +34674,9 @@ out of reach, and the enemy encompass him in this hampered condition</i>. This present often stands side by side with a past tense. It is common in subordinate sentences also.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page269" id = "page269"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page269"> 269</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1591" id = "sec1591" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1591" href = "#simple_tense_indic_1">1591.</a></b> The present is sometimes used in brief historical or personal memoranda, to note incidents day by day or year by year as they occur. This is @@ -34705,7 +34696,7 @@ L. Nōrbānō cōnsulibus Germānicus Aegyptum proficīscitur</b>, Ta. 2, 59, <i>in the consulship of Silanus and Norbanus, Germanicus leaves for Egypt</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1592" id = "sec1592" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1592" href = "#simple_tense_indic_1">1592.</a></b> Verbs of hearing, seeing, and saying are often put in the present, even when they refer to action really past: as,</p> @@ -34719,7 +34710,7 @@ of things mentioned in books, or in quoting what an author says: as, <b>Platō ‘ēscam malōrum’ appellat voluptātem</b>, <i>CM.</i> 44, <i>Plato calls pleasure the ‘bait of sin.’</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1593" id = "sec1593" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1593" href = "#simple_tense_indic_1">1593.</a></b> The present is sometimes loosely used of future action: as,</p> @@ -34734,11 +34725,11 @@ subordinate sentences with <b>antequam</b> and <b>priusquam</b> (<a href <b>sī</b>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_tense_indic_2" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_tense_indic_2" href = "#simple_tense_indic">The Imperfect Tense.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1594" id = "sec1594" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1594" href = "#simple_tense_indic_2">1594.</a></b> The imperfect indicative represents action as going on in past time: as,</p> @@ -34749,7 +34740,7 @@ ghastly he appeared</i>. <b>multōsque per annōs errābant āctī fātīs</b>, V. 1, 31, <i>and they for many a year were roaming round, by fates pursued</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1595" id = "sec1595" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1595" href = "#simple_tense_indic_2">1595.</a></b> The imperfect often denotes past action lasting while something else occurred: as,</p> @@ -34761,7 +34752,7 @@ proficīscī</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 100, <i>and all the time he knew perfectly well that he was starting off to suffer studied torments</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1596" id = "sec1596" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1596" href = "#simple_tense_indic_2">1596.</a></b> The imperfect is used to denote repeated or customary past action or condition: as,</p> @@ -34771,9 +34762,9 @@ condition: as,</p> <b>noctū ambulābat in pūblicō Themistoclēs</b>, <i>TD.</i> 4, 44, <i>Themistocles used to promenade the streets nights</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page270" id = "page270"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page270"> 270</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1597" id = "sec1597" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1597" href = "#simple_tense_indic_2">1597.</a></b> The imperfect, when accompanied by some expression of duration of time, is used to denote action which had been going on for some time, and was @@ -34789,14 +34780,14 @@ completed at a past time, the pluperfect is used: as, <b>diem iam quīntum cibō caruerat</b>, 6, 38, 1, <i>four whole days he had gone without eating</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1598" id = "sec1598" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1598" href = "#simple_tense_indic_2">1598.</a></b> In a few examples, the imperfect is used to denote action suddenly recognized, though going on before: as, <b>ehem, Parmenō, tūn hīc erās?</b> T. <i>Hec.</i> 340, <i>why bless me, Parmeno, were you here all this time?</i></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1599" id = "sec1599" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1599" href = "#simple_tense_indic_2">1599.</a></b> In descriptions of place or in general truths, where the present might be expected, the imperfect is sometimes used, by assimilation to past @@ -34804,13 +34795,13 @@ action in the context: as, <b>ipsum erat oppidum Alesia in colle summō</b>, 7, 69, 1, <i>Alesia proper was situated on the top of a hill</i>. Often also in subordinate sentences.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1600" id = "sec1600" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1600" href = "#simple_tense_indic_2">1600.</a></b> For the imperfect indicative of certain verbs relating to action not performed at the present time, see <a href = "#sec1497">1497</a>; for the conative use, see <a href = "#sec2302">2302</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1601" id = "sec1601" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1601" href = "#simple_tense_indic_2">1601.</a></b> In letters, the imperfect may denote action at the time of writing, the writer transferring himself to the time of the reader: as,</p> @@ -34824,11 +34815,11 @@ clerks request</i>. The present, however, is very often used where the imperfect would be applicable. Compare 1616.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_tense_indic_3" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_tense_indic_3" href = "#simple_tense_indic">The Perfect Tense.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1602" id = "sec1602" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1602" href = "#simple_tense_indic_3">1602.</a></b> The Latin perfect indicative represents two English tenses: thus, the preterite, <i>I wrote</i>, and the perfect, <i>I have @@ -34837,11 +34828,11 @@ first sense, this perfect is called the <i>Historical Perfect</i>; in the second sense, it is called the <i>Perfect Definite</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_tense_indic_4" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_tense_indic_4" href = "#simple_tense_indic">The Historical Perfect.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1603" id = "sec1603" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1603" href = "#simple_tense_indic_4">1603.</a></b> The historical perfect simply expresses action as having occurred at an indefinite past time, without implying anything as to the duration of @@ -34857,9 +34848,9 @@ Orgetorix</i>. <b>Diodōrus prope triennium domō caruit</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 1, 4, <i>in Greece musicians stood high, and everybody studied the art</i> (<a href = "#sec1596">1596</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page271" id = "page271"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page271"> 271</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1604" id = "sec1604" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1604" href = "#simple_tense_indic_4">1604.</a></b> It may be mentioned here, that in subordinate sentences the historical perfect is sometimes loosely used from the writer’s point of view, @@ -34869,11 +34860,11 @@ instead of the more exact pluperfect demanded by the context: as, had occurred</i>. See <a href = "#sec1925">1925</a>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_tense_indic_5" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_tense_indic_5" href = "#simple_tense_indic">The Perfect Definite.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1605" id = "sec1605" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1605" href = "#simple_tense_indic_5">1605.</a></b> The perfect definite expresses action which is already completed at the present time, and the effects of which are regarded as continuing: @@ -34885,7 +34876,7 @@ as,</p> ācta</b>, Pl. <i>Most.</i> 1181, <i>ladies and gentlemen, this play is done</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1606" id = "sec1606" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1606" href = "#simple_tense_indic_5">1606.</a></b> In old Latin, <b>habeō</b> with the perfect participle is sometimes equivalent to a periphrastic perfect: as, <b>illa omnia missa habeō</b>, @@ -34895,7 +34886,7 @@ or less distinct in their force: as, <b>Caesar aciem īnstrūctam habuit</b>, 1, 48, 3, <i>Caesar kept his line drawn up</i>, not <i>had drawn up</i>. Compare 2297.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1607" id = "sec1607" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1607" href = "#simple_tense_indic_5">1607.</a></b> With verbs of inceptive meaning the perfect definite is equivalent to the English present: as,</p> @@ -34907,7 +34898,7 @@ the English present: as,</p> <b>ōdī</b>, <i>hate</i>. The pluperfect of such verbs is represented by the English imperfect, and the future perfect by the English future.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1608" id = "sec1608" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1608" href = "#simple_tense_indic_5">1608.</a></b> The perfect often denotes a present resulting state: as, <b>vīcīne, periī, interiī</b>, Pl. <i>Most.</i> 1031, <i>my neighbour, I am @@ -34915,7 +34906,7 @@ dead and gone</i>. Particularly in the passive voice: as, <b>Gallia est omnis dīvīsa in partēs trēs</b>, 1, 1, 1, <i>Gaul, including everything under the name, is divided into three parts</i>. Compare 1615.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1609" id = "sec1609" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1609" href = "#simple_tense_indic_5">1609.</a></b> In the perfect passive, forms of <b>fuī</b>, &c., are sometimes used to represent a state no longer existing: as, <b>monumentō statua @@ -34931,7 +34922,7 @@ especially in his letters, Nepos, Sallust, and particularly Livy, in passives and deponents, quite in the sense of <b>sum</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1610" id = "sec1610" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1610" href = "#simple_tense_indic_5">1610.</a></b> The perfect of some verbs may imply a negative idea emphatically by understatement, as:</p> @@ -34943,9 +34934,9 @@ adulēscentulum habeō. āh, quid dīxī? habēre mē? immō habuī</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 93, <i>I have one only son, a growing boy. Ah me, what did I say, I have? Oh no, have had.</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page272" id = "page272"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page272"> 272</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1611" id = "sec1611" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1611" href = "#simple_tense_indic_5">1611.</a></b> The perfect may denote an action often done, or never done: as,</p> @@ -34960,7 +34951,7 @@ done good, when he meant to do harm, and when he meant to do good, has done harm</i>. Common from Cicero, Sallust, and Catullus on, especially in poetry.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1612" id = "sec1612" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1612" href = "#simple_tense_indic_5">1612.</a></b> The perfect is sometimes used as a lively future perfect to express completed future action: as,</p> @@ -34971,7 +34962,7 @@ licēbit, vīcimus</b>, <i>Att.</i> 14, 20, 3, <i>if he shall be allowed to stay in town, the day is ours</i>. <b>periī, sī mē aspexerit</b>, Pl. <i>Am.</i> 320, <i>I’m gone, if he lays eyes on me</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1613" id = "sec1613" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1613" href = "#simple_tense_indic_5">1613.</a></b> It may be mentioned here, that the perfect is regularly used in a subordinate sentence denoting time anterior to a present of repeated @@ -34988,11 +34979,11 @@ always debar them from sacrifices</i>. So also with <b>quom</b> or 1618.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_tense_indic_6" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_tense_indic_6" href = "#simple_tense_indic">The Pluperfect Tense.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1614" id = "sec1614" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1614" href = "#simple_tense_indic_6">1614.</a></b> The pluperfect indicative expresses past action, completed before another past action expressed or understood: as,</p> @@ -35003,7 +34994,7 @@ temporibus iam Apollō versūs facere dēsierat</b>, <i>Div.</i> 2, 116, <b>mortuus erat Āgis rēx. fīlium relīquerat Leōtychidem</b>, N. 17, 1, 4, <i>Agis the king had died; he had left a son Leotychides</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1615" id = "sec1615" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1615" href = "#simple_tense_indic_6">1615.</a></b> The pluperfect often expresses a past resulting state: as,</p> @@ -35014,7 +35005,7 @@ adflīctābat</b>, 4, 29, 2, <i>thus at one and the same time the tide had filled the men-of-war, and the gale of wind kept knocking the transports about</i>. This use is analogous to that of the perfect in 1608.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1616" id = "sec1616" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1616" href = "#simple_tense_indic_6">1616.</a></b> In letters, the pluperfect is sometimes used to denote action occurring previous to the time of writing, the writer transferring himself to the @@ -35026,9 +35017,9 @@ far</i>. This use is analogous to that of the imperfect in 1601, and very often, where this pluperfect would be applicable, the perfect is used.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page273" id = "page273"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page273"> 273</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1617" id = "sec1617" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1617" href = "#simple_tense_indic_6">1617.</a></b> The pluperfect is sometimes used where the perfect would be expected. Particularly so when it anticipates a past tense to follow in a new @@ -35042,7 +35033,7 @@ in subordinate sentences referring to a preceding statement: as, surruptīcium</b>, Pl. <i>Men. prol.</i> 57, <i>said man of Epidamnus that I named erewhile adopts said kidnapped boy</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1618" id = "sec1618" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1618" href = "#simple_tense_indic_6">1618.</a></b> It may be mentioned here, that the pluperfect is used in a subordinate sentence denoting time anterior to a past tense of repeated action. In @@ -35054,11 +35045,11 @@ caught sight of detached parties, they would always charge full gallop</i>. Compare the analogous perfect in 1613.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_tense_indic_7" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_tense_indic_7" href = "#simple_tense_indic">The Future Tense.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1619" id = "sec1619" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1619" href = "#simple_tense_indic_7">1619.</a></b> The future indicative expresses future action, either momentary or continuous: as,</p> @@ -35079,7 +35070,7 @@ difference between the prediction contained in <i>I shall</i>, and the determination contained in <i>I will</i>, cannot be expressed in Latin by the future indicative.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1620" id = "sec1620" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1620" href = "#simple_tense_indic_7">1620.</a></b> The future is often used in diffident assertion, to express an assumption, a belief, conviction, or concession, of the speaker @@ -35098,14 +35089,14 @@ as, <b>cantābit vacuus cōram latrōne viātor</b>, J. 10, 22, <i>the pourë man whan he goth by the weye, bifore the thevës he may synge and pleye</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1621" id = "sec1621" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1621" href = "#simple_tense_indic_7">1621.</a></b> The future sometimes predicts that a thing not yet known to be true will prove to be true: as, <b>haec erit bonō genere nāta</b>, Pl. <i>Per.</i> 645, <i>this maid, you’ll find, is come of honest stock</i>, i.e. <b>esse reperiētur</b>. Compare the imperfect in 1598.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1622" id = "sec1622" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1622" href = "#simple_tense_indic_7">1622.</a></b> In Plautus and Terence, the future is sometimes used in protestations, wishes, or thanks: as, <b>ita mē dī amābunt</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 749, @@ -35113,9 +35104,9 @@ wishes, or thanks: as, <b>ita mē dī amābunt</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 749, <i>the gods shall bless thee</i>. Usually, however, the subjunctive: see <a href = "#sec1542">1542</a> and <a href = "#sec1541">1541</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page274" id = "page274"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page274"> 274</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1623" id = "sec1623" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1623" href = "#simple_tense_indic_7">1623.</a></b> The future is sometimes used in questions of deliberation or appeal: as, <b>dēdēmus ergō Hannibalem?</b> L. 21, 10, 11, <i>are we then to @@ -35124,7 +35115,7 @@ surrender Hannibal?</i> <b>hancine ego ad rem nātam memorābō?</b> Pl. Oftener the present subjunctive (<a href = "#sec1563">1563</a>), or sometimes the present indicative (<a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1624" id = "sec1624" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1624" href = "#simple_tense_indic_7">1624.</a></b> The future is sometimes used, particularly in the second person, to express an exhortation, a direction, a request, @@ -35138,7 +35129,7 @@ kind indulgence</i>. <b>tū intereā nōn cessābis</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 5, 12, cūrae</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 3, 9, 4, <i>you will attend to this then</i>, i.e. <b>haec cūrābis</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1625" id = "sec1625" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1625" href = "#simple_tense_indic_7">1625.</a></b> It may be mentioned here, that the future is used in sentences subordinate to a future, an imperative, or a subjunctive implying a @@ -35153,11 +35144,11 @@ that the hearer may imagine more than he sees</i>. But sometimes a present is used (<a href = "#sec1593">1593</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "simple_tense_indic_8" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "simple_tense_indic_8" href = "#simple_tense_indic">The Future Perfect Tense.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1626" id = "sec1626" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1626" href = "#simple_tense_indic_8">1626.</a></b> The future perfect indicative expresses completed future action: as,</p> @@ -35172,7 +35163,7 @@ adprobābō</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 3, 3, 2, <i>whatever you do, I shall think right</i>. Examples will be given further on, in speaking of the complex sentence.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1627" id = "sec1627" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1627" href = "#simple_tense_indic_8">1627.</a></b> It may be mentioned here that the future perfect in protasis and apodosis both denotes two actions occurring at one and the same time; @@ -35185,7 +35176,7 @@ Antony will be ending the war. <b>respīrārō, sī tē vīderō</b>, <i>Att.</i> 2, 24, 5, <i>I shall take breath again, if I set eyes on you</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1628" id = "sec1628" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1628" href = "#simple_tense_indic_8">1628.</a></b> The future perfect sometimes denotes a future resulting state: as,</p> @@ -35195,7 +35186,7 @@ rē̆ī pūblicae atque imperātōrī officium praestiterō</b>, 4, 25, 3, <i>I will have my duty all done to country and commander too</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1629" id = "sec1629" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1629" href = "#simple_tense_indic_8">1629.</a></b> The future perfect is sometimes used to express rapidity of future action, often with the implication of assurance, promise, or threat: @@ -35207,9 +35198,9 @@ instantly be gone</i>. <b>iam hūc revēnerō</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 863, impetus castra cēperit</b>, L. 25, 38, 17, <i>the first rush will see the camp carried</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page275" id = "page275"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page275"> 275</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1630" id = "sec1630" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1630" href = "#simple_tense_indic_8">1630.</a></b> The future perfect often denotes action postponed to a more convenient season, or thrown upon another person.</p> @@ -35227,7 +35218,7 @@ secusne aliās vīderimus</b>, <i>Ac.</i> 2, 135, <i>whether right or not, we will consider some other time</i>, i.e. never. <b>vōs vīderitis</b>, L. 1, 58, 10, <i>that is a question for you</i>, i.e. not me.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1631" id = "sec1631" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1631" href = "#simple_tense_indic_8">1631.</a></b> The future perfect sometimes denotes action which will have occurred while something else takes place: as,</p> @@ -35239,7 +35230,7 @@ keep you long; meantime the piper will have entertained you here</i>. <i>do you, sir, invite the ladies, and I will meantime have fetched the children</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1632" id = "sec1632" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1632" href = "#simple_tense_indic_8">1632.</a></b> The future perfect is often not perceptibly different from the future, especially in the first person singular in old Latin: as,</p> @@ -35252,11 +35243,11 @@ Cicero, in the protases <b>sī potuerō</b>, <b>sī voluerō</b>, <b>sī licuerit</b>, <b>sī placuerit</b>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps topline2"><a name = "simple_tense_indic_9" +<p class = "header smallcaps topline2"><a id = "simple_tense_indic_9" href = "#simple_tense_indic">The Future Active Participle with <b>sum</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1633" id = "sec1633" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1633" href = "#simple_tense_indic_9">1633.</a></b> The future active participle combined with the tenses of <b>sum</b> expresses action impending, resolved on, or destined, at the time @@ -35274,11 +35265,11 @@ went to Delphi, where he appropriated for his own statues the pillars on which they had intended to put statues of king Perses</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "simple_tense_subj" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "simple_tense_subj" href = "#simple_verb_tense">THE TENSES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1634" id = "sec1634" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1634" href = "#simple_tense_subj">1634.</a></b> In simple sentences, the tenses of the subjunctive correspond in general to the same tenses of the indicative. But the present has a future @@ -35286,7 +35277,7 @@ meaning; the imperfect sometimes expresses past, sometimes present action; and the perfect sometimes expresses past action, and sometimes future action.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1635" id = "sec1635" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1635" href = "#simple_tense_subj">1635.</a></b> The present subjunctive is sometimes used in reference to past action, like the indicative present of vivid narration (<a href = @@ -35299,12 +35290,12 @@ href = "#sec1565">1565</a>). See also <a href = "#sec2075">2075</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page276" id = "page276"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page276"> 276</a></span> -<h3><a name = "compound" id = "compound" href = "#sentences">THE +<h3><a id = "compound" href = "#sentences">THE COMPOUND SENTENCE, OR COORDINATION.</a></h3> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1636" id = "sec1636" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1636" href = "#compound">1636.</a></b> Two or more independent simple sentences may be coordinated to form a compound sentence in one of two ways: either without a connective, or @@ -35315,10 +35306,10 @@ applies to the coordination of the parts of sentences in abridged sentences (<a href = "#sec1057">1057</a>).</p> -<h5><a name = "compound_without" id = "compound_without" href = +<h5><a id = "compound_without" href = "#compound">(A.) Without a Connective.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1637" id = "sec1637" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1637" href = "#compound_without">1637.</a></b> When simple sentences or parts of sentences are coordinated without any connective, this mode of arrangement is called <i>Asyndetic @@ -35329,14 +35320,14 @@ sentences, is more usual with three or more members than with two. It occurs particularly often in Plautus, Terence, Ennius, and Cato, also in Cicero, especially in his early works and letters.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1638" id = "sec1638" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1638" href = "#compound_without">1638.</a></b> The sentences in which asyndeton occurs are commonly such as might be connected by words meaning <i>and</i> or <i>but</i>; less often by words meaning <i>as</i>, <i>for</i>, &c. Asyndeton is especially common:</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1639" id = "sec1639" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1639" href = "#compound_without">1639.</a></b> (a.) In animated narration of events happening at the same moment, in description, and in climaxes. Also in mention of colleagues in office, @@ -35352,7 +35343,7 @@ commons</i>. <b>hī ferre agere plēbem</b>, L. 3, 37, 7, <i>there were these people worrying and harrying the commons</i> (<a href = "#sec1535">1535</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1640" id = "sec1640" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1640" href = "#compound_without">1640.</a></b> (b.) In contrasts or antitheses: as,</p> @@ -35364,7 +35355,7 @@ Particularly when either member is positive, the other negative: know how to conquer, Hannibal, but not how to use victory</i>, says Maharbal after Cannae, 216 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1641" id = "sec1641" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1641" href = "#compound_without">1641.</a></b> Asyndeton is very common with two or more imperatives: as, <b>ēgredere ex urbe, Catilīna, līberā rem pūblicam metū, in exsilium @@ -35376,9 +35367,9 @@ Horace on, <b>ī nunc</b>, <i>go to now</i>, is followed by <b>et</b> with a second imperative in derisive orders. In old Latin, the imperatives may be joined by <b>et</b> or even <b>atque</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page277" id = "page277"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page277"> 277</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1642" id = "sec1642" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1642" href = "#compound_without">1642.</a></b> Asyndeton is also common with parentheses. These often take the place of a modern foot-note: as, <b>lēgātus capite vēlātō fīlō (lānae vēlāmen @@ -35389,29 +35380,29 @@ from Terence on by <b>nam</b>, and from Sallust and Cicero on, by <b>et</b>, <b>neque</b>, <b>autem</b>, <b>enim</b>, &c.</p> -<h5><a name = "compound_with" id = "compound_with" href = +<h5><a id = "compound_with" href = "#compound">(B.) With a Connective.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "compound_with_1" id = "compound_with_1" href = +<h6><a id = "compound_with_1" href = "#compound_with">(1.) CONJUNCTIONS AS CONNECTIVES.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1643" id = "sec1643" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1643" href = "#compound_with_1">1643.</a></b> Simple sentences or parts of sentences may be connected by copulative, disjunctive, or adversative conjunctions.</p> -<h6><a name = "compound_with_2" id = "compound_with_2" href = +<h6><a id = "compound_with_2" href = "#compound_with">(<i>a.</i>) Copulative Conjunctions.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1644" id = "sec1644" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1644" href = "#compound_with_2">1644.</a></b> Copulative conjunctions denote union, and connect both the sentences and their meaning. They are <b>et</b>, <b class = "locked">-que</b>, <b>atque</b> or <b>ac</b>, <i>and</i>, and <b>neque</b> or <b>nec</b>, <i>neither</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1645" id = "sec1645" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1645" href = "#compound_with_2">1645.</a></b> (1.) <b>et</b>, <i>and</i>, is the commonest copulative, and connects either likes or unlikes; with two members only, it is either used @@ -35425,7 +35416,7 @@ could not tell white and black apart</i>. <b>et discipulus et magister perhibēbantur inprobī</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 425, <i>both pupil and master were rated as knaves</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1646" id = "sec1646" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1646" href = "#compound_with_2">1646.</a></b> With three or more members, <b>et</b> is either used between the members or, frequently, prefixed for emphasis to all. Often, however, it is @@ -35442,7 +35433,7 @@ voted in the first place to put Roman citizens in ward, then to decree a thanksgiving in my honour, and lastly to reward the informers with liberal gifts</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1647" id = "sec1647" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1647" href = "#compound_with_2">1647.</a></b> Two members belonging closely together as a pair, and connected by <b>et</b>, <b>atque</b>, or <b class = "locked">-que</b>, are sometimes @@ -35458,9 +35449,9 @@ conicere</b>, 1, 46, 1, <i>it was reported that Ariovistus’s cavalry were moving nearer the hillock and galloping up to the Romans; that they were throwing stones at our men</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page278" id = "page278"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page278"> 278</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1648" id = "sec1648" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1648" href = "#compound_with_2">1648.</a></b> <b>et</b> has sometimes the meaning of <i>also</i> or of <i>and also</i>, particularly when there is a change of speakers, or before a @@ -35469,7 +35460,7 @@ pronoun: as, <b>et hoc sciō</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 1, 12, 11, <b>nam</b>, and <b>simul</b>, especially when a pronoun follows. Not in Caesar.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1649" id = "sec1649" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1649" href = "#compound_with_2">1649.</a></b> (2.) <b>-que</b>, <i>and</i>, combines members which belong together and make a whole, though they may be different or opposed to each other; the @@ -35484,7 +35475,7 @@ bona videntur, sequuntur fugiuntque contrāria</b>, <i>TD.</i> 4, 12, class = "locked">-que</b> is usually put after the first word of the new member. It is particularly common in old or legal style.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1650" id = "sec1650" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1650" href = "#compound_with_2">1650.</a></b> The combination <b>-que . . . -que</b>, <i>both . . . and</i>, is very common in poetry: as, <b>noctēsque diēsque</b>, E. in <i>CM.</i> 1, @@ -35494,7 +35485,7 @@ first word is a pronoun: as, <b>mēque rēgnumque meum</b>, <i>I.</i> 10, sentences: as, <b>omnēs quīque Rōmae quīque in exercitū erant</b>, 22, 26, 5, <i>everybody, both people in Rome and people in the army</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1651" id = "sec1651" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1651" href = "#compound_with_2">1651.</a></b> After two members without a connective, a third member is sometimes appended by <b class = "locked">-que</b>: as,</p> @@ -35503,7 +35494,7 @@ appended by <b class = "locked">-que</b>: as,</p> populātiōnibusque prohibēre</b>, 1, 15, 4, <i>he was satisfied with keeping the enemy from plundering, foraging, and ravaging</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1652" id = "sec1652" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1652" href = "#compound_with_2">1652.</a></b> (3.) <b>atque</b>, or before any consonant except <b>h</b> often <b>ac</b>, <i>and</i>, <i>and besides</i>, adds something belonging @@ -35519,7 +35510,7 @@ the Stayer in particular</i>. <b>atque . . . atque</b> occurs for <b>et . . . et</b> once in Vergil, and once in Silius Italicus.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1653" id = "sec1653" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1653" href = "#compound_with_2">1653.</a></b> <b>atque</b> is used in comparisons, after words of likeness and unlikeness: as,</p> @@ -35534,7 +35525,7 @@ opposite of the way it originally faced</i>. Sometimes <b>et</b> is thus used after <b>alius</b>, <b>aliter</b>, <b>aequē</b>, <b>pariter</b>, &c.: see the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1654" id = "sec1654" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1654" href = "#compound_with_2">1654.</a></b> With adjectives and adverbs in the comparative degree, <b>atque</b> sometimes takes the place of <b>quam</b> <i>than</i>, when the first @@ -35544,9 +35535,9 @@ member of comparison is negative (<a href = "#sec1895">1895</a>): as, Plautus, Terence, Lucretius, Catullus, Vergil, rarely in Cicero, and in Horace even when the first member is positive.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page279" id = "page279"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page279"> 279</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1655" id = "sec1655" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1655" href = "#compound_with_2">1655.</a></b> A sentence is often introduced by <b>et</b>, <b>-que</b>, or <b>atque</b>, where <i>but</i> would be used in English, particularly so @@ -35562,7 +35553,7 @@ backs</i>. <b>hominis nē Graecī quidem ac Mȳsī potius</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 1, 1, 19, <i>a creature who is not even a Greek, but more of a Mysian</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1656" id = "sec1656" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1656" href = "#compound_with_2">1656.</a></b> Two sentences, one of which would ordinarily be introduced by a subordinating temporal conjunction, are sometimes, mostly in poetry, @@ -35571,7 +35562,7 @@ et in silvam pennīs ablāta refūgit</b>, V. 3, 258, <i>she spake, and on her pinions sweeping, vanished to the wood</i>, i.e. <b>simul atque dīxit, refūgit</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1657" id = "sec1657" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1657" href = "#compound_with_2">1657.</a></b> (4.) <b>neque</b> or <b>nec</b>, <i>neither</i>, <i>nor</i>, <i>and . . . not</i>, <i>but . . . not</i>, is used as a @@ -35589,7 +35580,7 @@ the hill, but they could not stand the fiery onset of our soldiers</i>. beātiōrēs esse possumus</b>, <i>RP.</i> 1, 32, <i>we can neither be better nor wiser</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1658" id = "sec1658" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1658" href = "#compound_with_2">1658.</a></b> <b>nec</b> is rarely used in the sense of <b>nē . . . quidem</b>, <i>not even</i>, <i>not . . . either</i>: as, <b>nec nunc</b>, H. @@ -35598,7 +35589,7 @@ quidem</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 46. <b>nec . . . quidem</b>, <i>and not even</i>, is used once or twice for the common <b>ac nē . . . quidem</b> or <b>et nē . . . quidem</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1659" id = "sec1659" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1659" href = "#compound_with_2">1659.</a></b> Instead of <b>neque</b> or <b>nec</b>, <i>and not</i>, the copulatives <b>et</b>, <b>atque</b>, rarely <b class = "locked">-que</b>, followed @@ -35612,7 +35603,7 @@ corrections. But ordinarily <b>neque</b> or <b>nec</b> is preferred to <b>et nōn</b>, and <b>nec quisquam</b>, &c., to <b>et nēmō</b>, &c. (<a href = "#sec1445">1445</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1660" id = "sec1660" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1660" href = "#compound_with_2">1660.</a></b> When <b>neque</b> is followed by another negative, the assertion is positive (<a href = "#sec1452">1452</a>): as,</p> @@ -35623,14 +35614,14 @@ with Varro. In old Latin two negatives, and particularly <b>neque . . . haud</b>, are often used, as in old English, to strengthen the negation (<a href = "#sec1453">1453</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1661" id = "sec1661" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1661" href = "#compound_with_2">1661.</a></b> After a general negative, a word may be emphasized by <b>nē ... quidem</b> or <b>nōn modo</b>, or the parts of a compound sentence may be distributed by <b>neque . . . neque</b>, without destroying the negation: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page280" id = "page280"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page280"> 280</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>nihil in locīs commūnibus, nē in fānīs quidem, nihil istum neque prīvātī neque pūblicī tōtā in Siciliā relīquisse</b>, @@ -35645,11 +35636,11 @@ puzzle out or guess</i>.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps topline">Combination of Different Copulatives.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1662" id = "sec1662" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1662" href = "#compound_with_2">1662.</a></b> Different copulatives are sometimes combined, as follows.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1663" id = "sec1663" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1663" href = "#compound_with_2">1663.</a></b> (1.) The affirmative copulatives <b>et</b> and <b>-que</b> are sometimes combined, particularly in abridged sentences: as,</p> @@ -35661,14 +35652,14 @@ and Themistocles was not considered exactly an educated man</i>. This combination is used by Cicero rarely, by Horace in the satires, and rarely by late writers.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1664" id = "sec1664" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1664" href = "#compound_with_2">1664.</a></b> The sequence <b>-que . . . et</b> is rare in old Latin, and not used by Caesar, Vergil, or Horace. <b class = "locked">-que . . . atque</b> is first used by Lucretius, then by Vergil, Ovid, Livy, and Tacitus.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1665" id = "sec1665" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1665" href = "#compound_with_2">1665.</a></b> (2.) Affirmative and negative copulatives are sometimes combined. Thus <b>neque</b> or <b>nec</b> combined with <b>et</b>, in the sequences @@ -35684,7 +35675,7 @@ a road open at once plain and not long</i>. <b>neque . . . "#sec1655">1655</a>), <b>neque . . . ac</b> begins with Tacitus.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1666" id = "sec1666" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1666" href = "#compound_with_2">1666.</a></b> Of all the Latin writers, Tacitus aims most at variety by combination of asyndeton and by the use of different copulatives: as, <b>rēgem Rhamsēn @@ -35693,10 +35684,10 @@ Libyā Aethiopiā Mēdīsque et Persīs et Bactriānō ac Scythā potītum</b>, Medes and Persians, and the Bactrian and Scythian</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "compound_with_3" id = "compound_with_3" href = +<h6><a id = "compound_with_3" href = "#compound_with">(<i>b.</i>) Disjunctive Conjunctions.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1667" id = "sec1667" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1667" href = "#compound_with_3">1667.</a></b> Disjunctive conjunctions connect the sentences, but disconnect the meaning. They are <b>aut</b>, <b>vel</b>, <b>sīve</b> or <b>seu</b>, <b @@ -35707,14 +35698,14 @@ before two or more members of a sentence in the sense of <i>either . . . or</i>. And in poetry, <b class = "locked">-ve . . . -ve</b> sometimes occurs.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1668" id = "sec1668" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1668" href = "#compound_with_3">1668.</a></b> (1.) <b>aut</b>, <i>or</i>, sometimes <i>or even</i>, <i>or at least</i>, is used between two members which are to be represented as essentially different in meaning, and of which one excludes the other: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page281" id = "page281"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page281"> 281</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>hīc vincendum aut moriendum, mīlitēs, est</b>, L. 21, 43, 5, <i>here you must conquer, my men, or die</i>. <b>hōrae @@ -35730,7 +35721,7 @@ Sometimes <b>aut</b> connects kindred ideas: as, <b>equī ictī aut vulnerātī cōnsternābantur</b>, L. 21, 33, 6, <i>the horses kept getting frantic from being hit or wounded</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1669" id = "sec1669" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1669" href = "#compound_with_3">1669.</a></b> <b>aut</b>, in the sense of <i>otherwise</i>, <i>or else</i>, sometimes introduces a statement of what necessarily follows, if something else is @@ -35741,7 +35732,7 @@ singulīs patienda</b>, L. 6, 18, 7, <i>you must make some bold dash collectively, or else you must suffer every thing individually</i>. <b>vel</b> is also occasionally used in this sense.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1670" id = "sec1670" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1670" href = "#compound_with_3">1670.</a></b> (2.) <b>vel</b>, <i>or</i>, introduces an alternative as a matter of choice or preference, and often relates merely to the selection of an @@ -35762,7 +35753,7 @@ wished him a pleasant journey</i>. <b>vel</b> is often followed by <b>vincendum vel cadendum esse</b>, Ta. 14, 35, <i>they must do or die</i> (<a href = "#sec1668">1668</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1671" id = "sec1671" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1671" href = "#compound_with_3">1671.</a></b> <b>vel</b> is sometimes used in the sense of <i>if you will</i>, <i>even</i>, or <i>perhaps</i>, especially before superlatives, or in @@ -35775,7 +35766,7 @@ omnēs mulierēs, neque iniūriā: vel illae, quae here palliō mē reprehendērunt</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 58, <i>the girls all idolize you, well they may; for instance those that buttonholed me yesterday</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1672" id = "sec1672" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1672" href = "#compound_with_3">1672.</a></b> (3.) <b>sīve</b> or <b>seu</b>, <i>or</i>, used as a disjunctive conjunction, denotes a distinction which is not essential, or the @@ -35789,12 +35780,12 @@ or his stepmother, if you prefer</i>. <b>dīxit Pompēius, sīve voluit</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 2, 3, 2, <i>Pompey made a speech, or rather attempted to make one</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1673" id = "sec1673" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1673" href = "#compound_with_3">1673.</a></b> <b>sīve</b> is often repeated in the sense of <i>either</i>, or <i>no matter whether . . . or</i>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page282" id = "page282"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page282"> 282</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>ita sīve cāsū sīve cōnsiliō deōrum, quae pars calamitātem populō Rōmānō intulerat, ea prīnceps poenās persolvit</b>, @@ -35802,7 +35793,7 @@ calamitātem populō Rōmānō intulerat, ea prīnceps poenās persolvit</b>, providence, the part which had done damage to Rome was the first to pay penalty in full</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1674" id = "sec1674" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1674" href = "#compound_with_3">1674.</a></b> (4.) <b>-ve</b> rarely connects main sentences, usually only the less important parts of the sentence, or, oftener still, subordinate @@ -35815,7 +35806,7 @@ written me two or three times</i>. With <b>nē</b> it forms <b>nēve</b> or <b>neu</b>, which is used as a continuation of <b>nē</b> or <b>ut</b>: see <a href = "#sec1581">1581</a>; 1586; 1947.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1675" id = "sec1675" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1675" href = "#compound_with_3">1675.</a></b> (5.) The interrogative particle <b>an</b> sometimes becomes a disjunctive conjunction, <i>or</i>, <i>or possibly</i>, <i>or @@ -35824,10 +35815,10 @@ perhaps</i>: as, <b>Simōnidēs an quis alius</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 2, 104, so in his speeches, and in Livy, commonest in Tacitus.</p> -<h6><a name = "compound_with_4" id = "compound_with_4" href = +<h6><a id = "compound_with_4" href = "#compound_with">(<i>c.</i>) Adversative Conjunctions.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1676" id = "sec1676" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1676" href = "#compound_with_4">1676.</a></b> Adversative conjunctions connect the sentences, but contrast the meaning. They are <b>autem</b>, <i>on the other hand</i>, <b>sed</b>, @@ -35840,7 +35831,7 @@ are put after one word, or sometimes after two closely connected words; <b>tamen</b> is put either at the beginning, or after an emphatic word.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1677" id = "sec1677" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1677" href = "#compound_with_4">1677.</a></b> (1.) <b>autem</b>, <i>again</i>, <i>on the other hand</i>, <i>however</i>, simply continues the discourse by a statement appended @@ -35859,13 +35850,13 @@ afterwards of Panaetius</i>. <b>autem</b> is oftenest used in philosophical or didactic discourse, less frequently in history, oratory, or poetry.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1678" id = "sec1678" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1678" href = "#compound_with_4">1678.</a></b> <b>autem</b> is often used in questions: as, <b>metuō crēdere :: crēdere autem?</b> Pl. <i>Ps.</i> 304, <i>I am afraid to trust :: trust, do you say?</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1679" id = "sec1679" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1679" href = "#compound_with_4">1679.</a></b> (2.) <b>sed</b> or <b>set</b>, and <b>vērum</b>, <i>but</i>, are used either in restriction, or, after a negative, in direct opposition: @@ -35877,14 +35868,14 @@ vain, since you are bent not to believe</i>. <b>nōn ego erus tibī, sed servos sum</b>, Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 241, <i>I am not your master, but your slave</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1680" id = "sec1680" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1680" href = "#compound_with_4">1680.</a></b> <b>nōn modo</b>, or <b>nōn sōlum</b>, <i>not only</i>, <i>not alone</i>, is followed by <b>sed etiam</b> or <b>vērum etiam</b>, <i>but also</i>, by <b>sed . . . quoque</b>, <i>but ... as well</i>, or sometimes by <b>sed</b> or <b>vērum</b> alone: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page283" id = "page283"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page283"> 283</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>quī nōn sōlum interfuit hīs rēbus, sed etiam praefuit</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 1, 8, 1, <i>who has not had a hand only in @@ -35894,14 +35885,14 @@ tantum</b> is sometimes used by Livy, and once or twice by Cicero, but not by Caesar or Sallust, for <b>nōn modo</b>. Livy and Tacitus sometimes omit <b>sed</b> or <b>vērum</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1681" id = "sec1681" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1681" href = "#compound_with_4">1681.</a></b> <b>nōn modo</b> has sometimes the meaning of <b>nōn dīcam</b>: as, <b>nōn modo ad certam mortem, sed in magnum vītae discrīmen</b>, <i>Sest.</i> 45, <i>I won’t say to certain death, but to great risk of life</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1682" id = "sec1682" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1682" href = "#compound_with_4">1682.</a></b> <b>nōn modo</b> or <b>nōn sōlum</b>, when attended by another negative, may also be followed by <b>sed nē . . . quidem</b>, <i>but not @@ -35918,13 +35909,13 @@ quicquam audēbit, quod nōn audeat praedicāre</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 77, to conceive anything which he would not venture to trumpet to the world</i>, or <i>will not venture to conceive, much less do</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1683" id = "sec1683" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1683" href = "#compound_with_4">1683.</a></b> (3.) <b>cēterum</b> is sometimes used in the sense of <b>sed</b>, in Terence, Sallust, and Livy. Sometimes also in the sense of <b>sed rē vērā</b>, in Sallust and Tacitus, to contrast reality with pretence.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1684" id = "sec1684" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1684" href = "#compound_with_4">1684.</a></b> (4.) <b>vērō</b>, <i>but</i>, <i>indeed</i>, introduces an emphatic contrast or a climax: as,</p> @@ -35940,7 +35931,7 @@ and as to dancing, why that is classed among vices</i>. In Plautus, conjunction begins with Terence. In the historians, <b>vērō</b> is often equivalent to <b>autem</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1685" id = "sec1685" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1685" href = "#compound_with_4">1685.</a></b> (5.) <b>at</b>, <i>but</i>, denotes emphatic lively opposition, an objection, or a contrast: as,</p> @@ -35954,7 +35945,7 @@ especially in history. In law language, <b>ast</b> sometimes occurs, and <b>ast</b> is also sometimes used, generally for the metre, in Vergil, Horace, and late poetry.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1686" id = "sec1686" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1686" href = "#compound_with_4">1686.</a></b> (6.) <b>tamen</b>, <b>nihilō minus</b>, <i>nevertheless</i>.</p> @@ -35966,12 +35957,12 @@ dolendum fuit rē nōn perfectā, sed poeniendum certē nihilō minus</b>, was not done, but certainly none the less for punishment</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page284" id = "page284"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page284"> 284</a></span> -<h6><a name = "compound_with_5" id = "compound_with_5" href = +<h6><a id = "compound_with_5" href = "#compound_with">(2.) OTHER WORDS AS CONNECTIVES.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1687" id = "sec1687" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1687" href = "#compound_with_5">1687.</a></b> Instead of a conjunction, other words are often used as connectives: as, <b>pars . . . pars</b>, <b>aliī . . . aliī</b>; @@ -35993,7 +35984,7 @@ some of them purple, others frankincense, others precious stones</i>. mihī̆ probābilius, tum illud vidētur</b>, <i>Ac.</i> 2, 134, <i>one minute this seems to me more likely, and another minute that</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1688" id = "sec1688" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1688" href = "#compound_with_5">1688.</a></b> Simple sentences may also be coordinated by words denoting inference or cause, such as <b>ergō</b>, <b>igitur</b>, <b>itaque</b>, @@ -36011,14 +36002,14 @@ But in Plautus regularly, and generally in Terence, <b>enim</b> has the meaning of <i>indeed</i>, <i>verily</i>, <i>truly</i>, <i>depend upon it</i>, and may stand at the beginning.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1689" id = "sec1689" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1689" href = "#compound_with_5">1689.</a></b> In Plautus, the combination <b>ergō igitur</b> occurs, and in Terence and Livy, <b>itaque ergō</b>: as, <b>itaque ergō cōnsulibus diēs dicta est</b>, L. 3, 31, 5, <i>accordingly then a day was set for the trial of the consuls</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1690" id = "sec1690" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1690" href = "#compound_with_5">1690.</a></b> The interrogative <b>quippe</b>, <i>why?</i> losing its interrogative meaning, is also used as a coordinating word, <i>why</i>, or <i>for</i>: @@ -36027,7 +36018,7 @@ quippe benignus erat</b>, H. <i>S.</i> 1, 2, 2, <i>such worthies all are sad, are woebegone over Tigellius the minstrel’s death; why he was generosity itself</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1691" id = "sec1691" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1691" href = "#compound_with_5">1691.</a></b> Simple sentences may also be coordinated by pronominal words, such as <b>hinc</b>, <b>inde</b>, <i>hence</i>, <b>eō</b>, <b>ideō</b>, @@ -36040,7 +36031,7 @@ way they eluded the enemy’s pickets</i>. But <b>eō</b> and <b>ideō</b> are not used thus by Cicero, Caesar, or Sallust, or <b>idcircō</b> and <b>proptereā</b> by Cicero or Caesar.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1692" id = "sec1692" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1692" href = "#compound_with_5">1692.</a></b> In animated rhetorical discourse any word repeated with emphasis may serve as a copulative; this is called <i>Anaphora</i>: as,</p> @@ -36053,12 +36044,12 @@ death, rescued without bloodshed, without an army, without a struggle</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page285" id = "page285"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page285"> 285</a></span> -<h5><a name = "compound_inter" id = "compound_inter" href = +<h5><a id = "compound_inter" href = "#compound">The Intermediate Coordinate Sentence.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1693" id = "sec1693" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1693" href = "#compound_inter">1693.</a></b> A sentence coordinate in form with another sentence is often equivalent in meaning to a subordinate sentence. Such sentences are called @@ -36069,7 +36060,7 @@ may be thus expressed by a coordinate sentence, and the combination of the two coordinate sentences is in sense equivalent to a complex sentence.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1694" id = "sec1694" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1694" href = "#compound_inter">1694.</a></b> Such coordinated sentences are a survival of a more primitive state of the language. They occur oftenest in Plautus and Terence, in Cicero’s @@ -36077,7 +36068,7 @@ philosophical works and letters, in Horace’s satires and epistles, and in Juvenal. In general they have been superseded by complex sentences, even in the oldest specimens of the language.</p> -<p class = "second topline"><b><a name = "sec1695" id = "sec1695" href = +<p class = "second topline"><b><a id = "sec1695" href = "#compound_inter">1695.</a></b> I. The relation of the two members may not be indicated by the mood, but left to be determined from the context.</p> @@ -36093,7 +36084,7 @@ amat</b>, <i>though he is in love</i>, &c., &c., is left to the reader to make out. The following are some of the commonest combinations of this class:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1696" id = "sec1696" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1696" href = "#compound_inter">1696.</a></b> (1.) The coordinated member may stand instead of the commoner accusative and infinitive with a verb of perceiving, thinking, knowing, or saying @@ -36107,7 +36098,7 @@ you what, I seem to myself regularly banished</i>. <b>spērō, servābit fidem</b>, Pl. <i>E.</i> 124, <i>I hope he’ll keep his word</i> (<a href = "#sec2235">2235</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1697" id = "sec1697" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1697" href = "#compound_inter">1697.</a></b> (2.) The coordinated member may be a direct question or an exclamation.</p> @@ -36123,7 +36114,7 @@ comedy, and with an imperative meaning <i>say</i>, <i>tell</i>, or <i>look</i>. The subordinate construction is the rule: see <a href = "#sec1773">1773</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1698" id = "sec1698" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1698" href = "#compound_inter">1698.</a></b> (3.) The coordinated member rarely represents a relative sentence (<a href = "#sec1816">1816</a>): as,</p> @@ -36135,9 +36126,9 @@ is a place, the Greeks by name Hesperia call</i>, imitated from <b>est locus Hesperiam quam mortālēs perhibēbant</b>, E. in Macrob. <i>Sat.</i> 6, 1, <i>there is a place which sons of men Hesperia called</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page286" id = "page286"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page286"> 286</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1699" id = "sec1699" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1699" href = "#compound_inter">1699.</a></b> (4.) The coordinated member may represent a subordinate temporal member: as,</p> @@ -36155,7 +36146,7 @@ had to glorify Pompey in the matter of the Manilius law, I went through the ample material for glorification in moderate language</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1700" id = "sec1700" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1700" href = "#compound_inter">1700.</a></b> (5.) The coordinated member may be equivalent to a member with <b>ut</b>, expressing result (<a href = "#sec1965">1965</a>): as,</p> @@ -36178,12 +36169,12 @@ incepta rēs est, haud somnīculōsē hoc agundumst</b>, Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 227, <i>so big a job have we begun, not drowsily must this be done</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1701" id = "sec1701" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1701" href = "#compound_inter">1701.</a></b> (6.) The coordinated member may be equivalent to a conditional protasis: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1701a" id = "sec1701a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1701a">a.</a></i>) <b>fīliam quis habet, pecūniā opus est</b>, <i>Par.</i> 44, <i>a man has a daughter, he needs money</i>. <b>trīstis es, indignor</b>, O. <i>Tr.</i> 4, 3, 33, <i>if you are sad, I feel @@ -36211,7 +36202,7 @@ I ne’er should live this blessed day till set of sun</i> (<a href = <i>Att.</i> 9, 6, 6, <i>had we been together, we certainly should not have lacked a programme</i> (<a href = "#sec1561">1561</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1702" id = "sec1702" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1702" href = "#compound_inter">1702.</a></b> (7.) The coordinated member may be equivalent to a concession: as,</p> @@ -36221,9 +36212,9 @@ this, yet we have attempted it</i>. <b>ergō illī intellegunt quid Epicūrus dīcat, ego nōn intellegō?</b> <i>Fin.</i> 2, 13, <i>do those gentlemen then understand what Epicurus means, and I not?</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page287" id = "page287"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page287"> 287</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1703" id = "sec1703" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1703" href = "#compound_inter">1703.</a></b> (8.) The coordinated member may denote efficient cause or reason: as,</p> @@ -36234,7 +36225,7 @@ as,</p> a woman, you are bold to swear</i>. <b>tacent, satis laudant</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 476, <i>their silence is sufficient praise</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1704" id = "sec1704" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1704" href = "#compound_inter">1704.</a></b> (9.) The coordinated member may represent the protasis of a comparative sentence with <b>ut</b> (<a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>): as,</p> @@ -36244,7 +36235,7 @@ sentence with <b>ut</b> (<a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>): as,</p> vīvam, mē tua, mī Tirō, valētūdō</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 16, 20, <i>your health, dear Tiro, keeps me fidgety, as I hope to live</i>.</p> -<p class = "second topline"><b><a name = "sec1705" id = "sec1705" href = +<p class = "second topline"><b><a id = "sec1705" href = "#compound_inter">1705.</a></b> II. The subordinate idea is often indicated by the subjunctive of desire coordinated with another verb, usually with one which has a different @@ -36259,7 +36250,7 @@ the general idea of desire contained in the subjunctive itself. The tense of the coordinate subjunctive is regulated by that of the other verb.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1706" id = "sec1706" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1706" href = "#compound_inter">1706.</a></b> The negative employed with coordinated subjunctives is the adverb <b>nē</b>, <i>not</i>.</p> @@ -36278,7 +36269,7 @@ as an adverb, and took the place of the less usual <b>ut nē</b>. Hence members with <b>nē</b> are more conveniently treated under the head of subordination (<a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1707" id = "sec1707" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1707" href = "#compound_inter">1707.</a></b> (1.) The subjunctive is often coordinated with verbs of wishing. Such are <b>volō</b>, <b>nōlō</b>, rarely <b>mālō</b>, <b>optō</b>, @@ -36304,9 +36295,9 @@ placēre sībī̆ sententiās dē singulīs ferrent</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 83, 3, <i>Domitius said his view was they should vote on the men separately</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page288" id = "page288"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page288"> 288</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1708" id = "sec1708" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1708" href = "#compound_inter">1708.</a></b> (2.) The subjunctive is often coordinated with verbs of request, entreaty, encouragement, exhortation, charge, direction, command. Such @@ -36315,7 +36306,7 @@ are <b>precor</b>, <b>rogō</b>, <b>ōrō</b>, <b>petō</b>, <b>hortor</b>, <b>imperō</b>, <b>praecipiō</b>, <b>dēcernō</b>; and chiefly in old Latin, <b>iubeō</b>: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1708a" id = "sec1708a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1708a">a.</a></i>) <b>reddās incolumem precor</b>, H. 1, 3, 7, <i>deliver him up safe I pray</i>. <b>rogat fīnem ōrandī faciat</b>, 1, 20, 5, <i>he requests him to make an end of entreaty</i>. <b>ā tē id quod suēstī petō, mē absentem @@ -36350,7 +36341,7 @@ legion</i>. <b>lēgātiōnem mittunt sī velit suōs recipere, obsidēs sibī̆ remittat</b>, 3, 8, 5, <i>they send an embassy, if he wishes to get his own men back, he must send back the hostages to them</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1709" id = "sec1709" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1709" href = "#compound_inter">1709.</a></b> (3.) The subjunctive is often coordinated with expressions of propriety or necessity. Such are <b>oportet</b>, <b>optumum est</b>, <b>opus @@ -36367,7 +36358,7 @@ tongue</i>. <b>nihil opust rescīscat</b>, Pl. <i>Mer.</i> 1004, <i>she needn’t find it out at all</i>. <b>condemnētur necesse est</b>, <i>RA.</i> 111, <i>be condemned he needs must</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1710" id = "sec1710" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1710" href = "#compound_inter">1710.</a></b> (4.) The subjunctive is sometimes coordinated with verbs of permission or concession. Such are <b>permittō</b> in Sallust and Livy, @@ -36383,9 +36374,9 @@ come</i>. <b>fremant omnēs licet, dīcam quod sentiō</b>, <i>DO.</i> 1, 195, <i>though everybody may growl, I will say what I think</i>. See <a href = "#sec1904">1904</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page289" id = "page289"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page289"> 289</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1711" id = "sec1711" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1711" href = "#compound_inter">1711.</a></b> (5.) The subjunctive is often coordinated with the imperative <b>cavē̆</b>, <b>cavētō</b>, <b>cavēte</b>, <i>beware</i>, used in the @@ -36395,7 +36386,7 @@ sense of <b>nē</b> (<a href = "#sec1585">1585</a>): as,</p> do it</i>. <b>cave dīrumpātis</b>, Pl. <i>Poen. prol.</i> 117, <i>don’t break it off</i> (<a href = "#sec1075">1075</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1712" id = "sec1712" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1712" href = "#compound_inter">1712.</a></b> (6.) The subjunctive is often coordinated with verbs of giving, persuading, accomplishing, taking care. In this case the subjunctive has @@ -36415,7 +36406,7 @@ or <b>scībis</b> (<a href = "#sec1700">1700</a>). <b>fac bellus revertāre</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 16, 18, 1, <i>mind you come back a beauty</i> (<a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1713" id = "sec1713" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1713" href = "#compound_inter">1713.</a></b> A subjunctive is now and then loosely coordinated with verbs in general, to indicate the purpose of the action: as,</p> @@ -36431,10 +36422,10 @@ me</i>. <b>manibus date līlia plēnīs, purpureōs spargam flōrēs</b>, V. flowers</i>, that is, <i>that I may scatter</i>.</p> -<h3><a name = "complex" id = "complex" href = "#start">THE COMPLEX +<h3><a id = "complex" href = "#start">THE COMPLEX SENTENCE, OR SUBORDINATION.</a></h3> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1714" id = "sec1714" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1714" href = "#complex">1714.</a></b> In a complex sentence, that is one consisting of a main and a subordinate sentence, the subordinate member is introduced by some @@ -36444,13 +36435,13 @@ subordinating word: such are,</p> Relative pronouns; III. Relative conjunctive particles, or conjunctive particles not of relative origin.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1715" id = "sec1715" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1715" href = "#complex">1715.</a></b> Subordinate sentences may have the value of a substantive, usually as subject or as object; of an attributive; or of an adverb or adverbial adjunct: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1715a" id = "sec1715a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1715a">a.</a></i>) <b>eādem nocte accidit ut esset lūna plēna</b>, 4, 29, 1, <i>it came to pass the same night that there was a full moon</i>. <b>videō quid agās</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 16, 17, <i>I see what you are driving at</i>. @@ -36462,9 +36453,9 @@ advesperāsceret, ad pontem Mulvium pervēnērunt</b>, <i>C.</i> 3, 5, <i>when it was getting dark, they reached the Mulvius bridge</i>, i.e. <b>vesperī</b>, or <b>prīmō vespere</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page290" id = "page290"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page290"> 290</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1716" id = "sec1716" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1716" href = "#complex">1716.</a></b> Subordinate sentences which express time or place, are called <i>Temporal</i> or <i>Local</i> sentences; comparison or manner, @@ -36473,7 +36464,7 @@ concession, <i>Conditional</i>, <i>Causal</i>, or <i>Concessive</i> sentences; purpose, <i>Final</i> sentences; result, <i>Consecutive</i> sentences.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1717" id = "sec1717" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1717" href = "#complex">1717.</a></b> In a main sentence, the indicative present, future, and future perfect, and the imperative, are called <i>Primary Tenses</i>; the indicative @@ -36482,7 +36473,7 @@ intimation, are called <i>Secondary Tenses</i>. The perfect definite and the present of vivid narration are sometimes regarded as primary tenses, oftener as secondary tenses.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1718" id = "sec1718" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1718" href = "#complex">1718.</a></b> Verbs which have an implication of futurity, such as those meaning <i>can</i>, <i>ought</i>, <i>must</i>, &c., with an infinitive, also @@ -36490,28 +36481,28 @@ subjunctives of wish (<a href = "#sec1540">1540</a>) or of exhortation (<a href = "#sec1547">1547</a>), may be called <i>Virtual Futures</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1719" id = "sec1719" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1719" href = "#complex">1719.</a></b> Sometimes the subjunctive serves as a main sentence: see <a href = "#sec1762">1762</a>; sometimes a noun of the verb: see <a href = "#sec1766">1766</a>.</p> -<h5 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_mood" id = "complex_mood" href +<h5 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_mood" href = "#complex">MOOD OF THE SUBORDINATE SENTENCE.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1720" id = "sec1720" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1720" href = "#complex_mood">1720.</a></b> The indicative and the subjunctive are both used in subordinate sentences, as will be shown in the treatment of the several words of subordination. Some general uses may be mentioned collectively here.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_mood_indic" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_mood_indic" href = "#complex_mood">THE INDICATIVE MOOD.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1721" id = "sec1721" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1721" href = "#complex_mood_indic">1721.</a></b> The indicative is ordinarily used in sentences introduced by a relative pronoun, or by a causal conjunctive word other than <b>cum</b>.</p> @@ -36525,28 +36516,28 @@ href = "#sec1722">1722</a>), or in cases of attraction (<a href = "#sec1728">1728</a>).</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_mood_subj" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_mood_subj" href = "#complex_mood">THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</a></h6> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Subjunctive of Indirect Discourse and of Attraction.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1722" id = "sec1722" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1722" href = "#complex_mood_subj">1722.</a></b> The subjunctive is used in relative, causal, temporal, and conditional sentences in indirect discourse, and in cases of attraction.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page291" id = "page291"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page291"> 291</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1723" id = "sec1723" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1723" href = "#complex_mood_subj">1723.</a></b> A direct quotation or question gives the words of the original speaker without alteration. When the original words of a quotation or question are changed to conform to the construction of the sentence in which they are quoted, it is called <i>Indirect Discourse</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1724" id = "sec1724" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1724" href = "#complex_mood_subj">1724.</a></b> In the complete form of indirect discourse, the subjunctive is subordinate to an infinitive or an accusative with the infinitive, @@ -36562,7 +36553,7 @@ omnēs in eō quod scīrent, satis esse ēloquentēs</b>, <i>DO.</i> 1, 63, matter they knew</i>; directly, <b>omnēs in eō quod sciunt satis sunt ēloquentēs</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1725" id = "sec1725" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1725" href = "#complex_mood_subj">1725.</a></b> The idea of saying or thinking is often not formally expressed in the main sentence, and the indirect discourse is intimated by the @@ -36584,7 +36575,7 @@ prōposuit, quī invēnisset novam voluptātem</b>, <i>TD.</i> 5, 20, <i>Xerxes offered a reward to anybody who should devise a new form of entertainment</i> (<a href = "#sec2110">2110</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1726" id = "sec1726" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1726" href = "#complex_mood_subj">1726.</a></b> A speaker or writer may quote his own thoughts in the indirect form, like another person’s: as, <b>haec tibi dictābam post fānum putre @@ -36593,7 +36584,7 @@ Vacūnae, exceptō quod nōn simul essēs, cētera laetus</b>, H. <i>E.</i> all else well, except that thou’rt not here the while</i> (<a href = "#sec1601">1601</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1727" id = "sec1727" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1727" href = "#complex_mood_subj">1727.</a></b> Instead of an intimation of indirect discourse by a mere subjunctive, a verb of thinking or saying is sometimes introduced by <b>quī</b>, @@ -36608,14 +36599,14 @@ dīceret</b>, <i>DN.</i> 3, 83, <i>saying as he did</i>. This construction is common in Cicero, somewhat so in Caesar, rare in Sallust.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1728" id = "sec1728" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1728" href = "#complex_mood_subj">1728.</a></b> The subjunctive is used in sentences expressing an essential part of the thought, which are subordinate to another subjunctive, or to an infinitive. This is called the <i>Subjunctive of Attraction</i>, or <i>of Assimilation</i>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page292" id = "page292"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page292"> 292</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>vereor nē, dum minuere velim labōrem, augeam</b>, <i>Leg.</i> 1, 12, <i>I am afraid I may make the work harder, while @@ -36633,7 +36624,7 @@ in cōntiōne eōs, quī sint in proeliīs interfectī</b>, <i>O.</i> 151, <i>it is the custom in Athens to eulogize in public assembly such as have fallen in action</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1729" id = "sec1729" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1729" href = "#complex_mood_subj">1729.</a></b> The indicative is kept in subordinate statements added or vouched for by the person reporting, and also in circumlocutions equivalent to a @@ -36652,16 +36643,16 @@ possit</b>, <i>TD.</i> 1, 6, <i>it may be that he cannot express his thought in polished style</i>, i.e. <b>sententiam suam</b>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_mood_repeat" id = "complex_mood_repeat" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_mood_repeat" href = "#complex_mood">The Subjunctive of Repeated Action.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1730" id = "sec1730" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1730" href = "#complex_mood_repeat">1730.</a></b> The subjunctive is sometimes used in relative, temporal, or conditional sentences, to express action repeated or occurring at no particular time: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1730a" id = "sec1730a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1730a">a.</a></i>) <b>neque aliter sī faciat, ūllam inter suōs habet auctōritātem</b>, 6, 11, 4, <i>and if he does not do this, he never has any ascendancy at all over his people</i>. With the present and perfect, however, this @@ -36680,16 +36671,16 @@ iubēbat</b>, L. 3, 11, 2, <i>every man the lictor arrested, a tribune would order released</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_mood_simple" id = "complex_mood_simple" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_mood_simple" href = "#complex_mood">The Subjunctive as in the Simple Sentence.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1731" id = "sec1731" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1731" href = "#complex_mood_simple">1731.</a></b> The subjunctive of wish, of action conceivable, or of interrogation, is sometimes used in a subordinate sentence exactly as in main sentences: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page293" id = "page293"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page293"> 293</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>haec diē nātālī meō scrīpsī, quō utinam susceptus nōn essem</b>, <i>Att.</i> 11, 9, 3, <i>this I have written on my @@ -36715,20 +36706,20 @@ when you might have seen the man stript</i> (<a href = "#sec1563">1563</a>).</p> -<h5 class = "topline2"><a name = "complex_tense" id = "complex_tense" +<h5 class = "topline2"><a id = "complex_tense" href = "#complex">TENSE OF THE SUBORDINATE SENTENCE.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "complex_tense_indic" id = "complex_tense_indic" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_tense_indic" href = "#complex_tense">THE TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1732" id = "sec1732" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1732" href = "#complex_tense_indic">1732.</a></b> I. The tense of a subordinate indicative often indicates a close relation of time with the tense of the leading verb, particularly in cases of repeated contemporaneous or antecedent action. The subordinate sentence in such combinations is said to have <i>Relative</i> time.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1733" id = "sec1733" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1733" href = "#complex_tense_indic">1733.</a></b> (1.) The subordinate indicative tense may express action concurrent with the main action. Two concurrent sentences are usually put in the same @@ -36752,19 +36743,19 @@ telling as a shout. <b>fēcistī mihī̆ pergrātum, quod Serāpiōnis librum mīsistī</b>, <i>Att.</i> 2, 4, 1, <i>you have obliged me very much by sending Serapio’s book</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1734" id = "sec1734" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1734" href = "#complex_tense_indic">1734.</a></b> (2.) The subordinate indicative tense may express action contemporaneous, antecedent, or subsequent, in relation to the main action.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1735" id = "sec1735" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1735" href = "#complex_tense_indic">1735.</a></b> (a.) Action contemporaneous with a main present is expressed by a present, with a main future or virtual future, by a future, with a main secondary tense by an imperfect: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page294" id = "page294"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page294"> 294</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>quod est, eō decet ūtī</b>, <i>CM.</i> 27, <i>what you have, that you should avail yourself of</i>. <b>hōrologium @@ -36778,7 +36769,7 @@ them beware of excess</i> (<a href = "#sec1625">1625</a>; <a href = ūsuī</b>, 4, 29, 4, <i>they were out of everything that was serviceable for repairing their vessels</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1736" id = "sec1736" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1736" href = "#complex_tense_indic">1736.</a></b> (b.) Action antecedent to a main present is expressed by a perfect, to a main future or virtual future by a future perfect, to a main secondary @@ -36795,7 +36786,7 @@ quisque istīus animum offenderat, in lautumiās statim coniciēbātur</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 143, <i>any man that wounded his sensibilities was always flung into the quarries without any ado</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1737" id = "sec1737" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1737" href = "#complex_tense_indic">1737.</a></b> (c.) Action subsequent to a main present is expressed by the future participle with a present form of <b>sum</b>, to a main future or @@ -36812,7 +36803,7 @@ to say is important</i>. <b>rēx, quia nōn interfutūrus nāvālī certāminī erat, Magnēsiam concessit</b>, L. 36, 43, 9, <i>as the king was not to have a hand in the action at sea, he moved off to Magnesia</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1738" id = "sec1738" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1738" href = "#complex_tense_indic">1738.</a></b> II. A subordinate indicative tense is said to be <i>Independent</i> when it simply expresses time of its own, without any close relation to the @@ -36833,7 +36824,7 @@ further definition of time (<a href = "#sec1603">1603</a>), whereas <b>erat</b>, relative to the time of <b>ferēbātur</b>, would imply <i>which was then the practice</i> (<a href = "#sec1595">1595</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1739" id = "sec1739" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1739" href = "#complex_tense_indic">1739.</a></b> With <b>dum</b>, <i>in the time while</i>, an independent present is used: see <a href = "#sec1995">1995</a>. With <b>postquam</b>, &c., @@ -36841,39 +36832,39 @@ used: see <a href = "#sec1995">1995</a>. With <b>postquam</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec1925">1925</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page295" id = "page295"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page295"> 295</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_tense_subj" id = "complex_tense_subj" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_tense_subj" href = "#complex_tense">THE TENSES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1740" id = "sec1740" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1740" href = "#complex_tense_subj">1740.</a></b> Subordinate subjunctive sentences were originally independent coordinate sentences, in the tense required to express the thought. By degrees the subordinate sentence blended closely with the main sentence, and the combination of the two was regarded as one whole.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1741" id = "sec1741" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1741" href = "#complex_tense_subj">1741.</a></b> I. The time of the subordinate subjunctive is usually <i>Relative</i>, that is either contemporaneous, antecedent, or subsequent, in relation to that of the main action.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1742" id = "sec1742" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1742" href = "#complex_tense_subj">1742.</a></b> Action contemporaneous with the main action is expressed by a present or imperfect subjunctive. Action antecedent is expressed by a perfect or a pluperfect subjunctive. Action subsequent is expressed by the future participle with a form of <b>sim</b> or of <b>essem</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1743" id = "sec1743" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1743" href = "#complex_tense_subj">1743.</a></b> Subordinate sentences with verbs of will or aim, with verbs of fear, also final sentences and many consecutive sentences are expressed in Latin as contemporaneous with the main action, not as subsequent to it.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1744" id = "sec1744" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1744" href = "#complex_tense_subj">1744.</a></b> II. The main and subordinate sentences may express wholly different spheres of time by tenses not commonly used together, when the thought @@ -36881,23 +36872,23 @@ requires it. In such cases the tense of the subordinate member is called <i>Independent</i>, like the analogous tenses of the indicative (<a href = "#sec1738">1738</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1745" id = "sec1745" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1745" href = "#complex_tense_subj">1745.</a></b> The use of subordinate subjunctive tenses relatively to the main tense, or what is commonly called the <i>Sequence of Tenses</i>, is as follows:</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_tense_seq_indic" id = "complex_tense_seq_indic" +<h6><a id = "complex_tense_seq_indic" href = "#complex_tense">Tense subordinate to an Indicative.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1746" id = "sec1746" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1746" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1746.</a></b> (1.) The present, or perfect subjunctive, or the future participle with a form of <b>sim</b>, is used in sentences subordinate to a primary tense (<a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1746a" id = "sec1746a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1746a">a.</a></i>) <b>tē hortor, ut Rōmam pergās</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 1, 3, 4, <i>I urge you to repair to Rome</i>. <b>cūrā, ut quam prīmum veniās</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 4, 10, 1, <i>mind that you come as soon as you can</i>. <b>ego quid @@ -36922,15 +36913,15 @@ eōs inter sīcāriōs dēfēnsūrus</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 2, 8, <i>I shall think you a most effective speaker, if you show how you are going to defend them on the charge of murder</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page296" id = "page296"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page296"> 296</a></span> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1747" id = "sec1747" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1747" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1747.</a></b> (2.) The imperfect, or pluperfect subjunctive, or the future participle with a form of <b>essem</b>, is used in sentences subordinate to a secondary tense (<a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1747a" id = "sec1747a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1747a">a.</a></i>) <b>hīs rēbus fīēbat, ut minus lātē vagārentur</b>, 1, 2, 4, <i>so it came to pass that they did not roam round much</i>. <b>docēbat, ut tōtīus Galliae prīncipātum Aeduī tenuissent</b>, 1, 43, 6, <i>he showed @@ -36954,7 +36945,7 @@ mihī̆ extrēmum prōposueram, cum essem de bellī genere dictūrus</b>, <i>IP.</i> 17, <i>the point I had reserved till the end, when I was going to discourse on the character of the war</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1748" id = "sec1748" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1748" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1748.</a></b> With any kind of a secondary main sentence, a subordinate general truth usually stands in the past, contrary to the English idiom: as,</p> @@ -36964,7 +36955,7 @@ praesidī in animī firmitūdine</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 28, 4, <i>here there was a chance to learn what a bulwark man has in courage</i>. In the direct form <b>est</b> (<a href = "#sec1588">1588</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1749" id = "sec1749" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1749" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1749.</a></b> A subsequent relation is sometimes loosely suggested by a simple subjunctive; necessarily so with verbs which lack the future participle, @@ -36972,7 +36963,7 @@ or which are in the passive: as, <b>sum sollicitus quidnam dē prōvinciīs dēcernātur</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 2, 11, 1, <i>I am anxious to see what in the world may be decided on about the provinces</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1750" id = "sec1750" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1750" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1750.</a></b> In a single example, a future perfect of resulting state is represented in subordination as follows: <b>nec dubitō quīn cōnfecta iam rēs futūra @@ -36981,7 +36972,7 @@ be completely finished up</i>, <ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">directly,</ins> <b>sine dubiō cōnfecta iam rēs erit</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1751" id = "sec1751" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1751" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1751.</a></b> (1.) An imperfect subjunctive expressing a particular past result, cause, reason, &c., is sometimes connected with a main general @@ -36999,15 +36990,15 @@ of old are admired ‘because they were always clear in explaining accusations away.’</i> The secondary sequence is also sometimes exceptionally used with ordinary presents.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page297" id = "page297"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page297"> 297</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1752" id = "sec1752" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1752" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1752.</a></b> (2.) The present of vivid narration is commonly regarded as a secondary tense, especially when the subordinate sentence precedes, and regularly with narrative <b>cum</b>. Sometimes however as a primary tense: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1752a" id = "sec1752a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1752a">a.</a></i>) <b>servīs suīs Rubrius, ut iānuam clauderent, imperat</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 66, <i>Rubrius orders his slaves to shut the front door</i>. <b>Aeduī, cum sē dēfendere nōn possent, lēgātōs ad Caesarem mittunt</b>, 1, 11, 2, @@ -37019,13 +37010,13 @@ itself a second subordinate subjunctive of secondary sequence. Either sequence is used with the present of quotation also (<a href = "#sec1592">1592</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1753" id = "sec1753" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1753" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1753.</a></b> (3.) Subordinate sentences of past action conceivable, of action non-occurrent, or dubitative questions of the past, retain their past unchanged with a main primary tense: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1753a" id = "sec1753a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1753a">a.</a></i>) <b>vērī simile nōn est, ut ille monumentīs maiōrum pecūniam antepōneret</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 11, <i>it is not conceivable that the man would have thought more of money than of his heirlooms</i>, i.e. <b>nōn @@ -37042,12 +37033,12 @@ nōn dēfenderem</b>, <i>Vat.</i> 5, <i>I put the question to you, why I was not to defend Cornelius</i> (<a href = "#sec1563">1563</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1754" id = "sec1754" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1754" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1754.</a></b> A final subjunctive subordinate to a perfect definite sometimes has the primary sequence, but more commonly the secondary: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1754a" id = "sec1754a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1754a">a.</a></i>) <b>etiamne ad subsellia cum ferrō vēnistis, ut hīc iugulētis Sex. Rōscium?</b> <i>RA.</i> 32, <i>have you actually come to the court-room knife in hand, to cut Roscius’s throat on the spot?</i> @@ -37058,12 +37049,12 @@ satis facere exterīs nātiōnibus possētis</b>, <i>V. a. pr.</i> 2, <i>I have brought up a man in whose person you can give satisfaction to foreign nations</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1755" id = "sec1755" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1755" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1755.</a></b> An independent present or perfect subjunctive may be put with a main secondary tense (<a href = "#sec1744">1744</a>):</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1756" id = "sec1756" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1756" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1756.</a></b> (1.) In relative, causal, or concessive sentences: as,</p> @@ -37079,13 +37070,13 @@ potuit</b>, 1, 26, 2, <i>during the whole of this engagement, though the fighting went on from an hour past noon till evening, nobody could catch a glimpse of an enemy’s back</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page298" id = "page298"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page298"> 298</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1757" id = "sec1757" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1757" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1757.</a></b> (2.) Often in consecutive sentences: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1757a" id = "sec1757a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1757a">a.</a></i>) <b>in prōvinciā Siciliā, quam iste per triennium ita vexāvit, ut ea restituī in antīquum statum nūllō modō possit</b>, <i>V. a. pr.</i> 12, <i>in the province of Sicily, which the defendant so effectually @@ -37112,19 +37103,19 @@ uncommon; an affirmative one is very rare. This construction is more common in Nepos, Livy, and Tacitus, and is the prevalent one in Suetonius.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1758" id = "sec1758" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1758" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1758.</a></b> The imperfect only is used in complementary sentences with past verbs of happening, such as <b>accidit</b>, <b>contigit</b>, &c. (<a href = "#sec1966">1966</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1759" id = "sec1759" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1759" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1759.</a></b> When two consecutive subjunctives are coordinated, they usually have the same tense. Sometimes however the first is perfect and the second imperfect, or the reverse.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1760" id = "sec1760" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1760" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1760.</a></b> (3.) An indirect question in the present or perfect sometimes retains its original tense with a main secondary tense (<a href = @@ -37142,7 +37133,7 @@ audīstis, post estis expertī</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 10, 8, <i>what my idea was in coming back, you learned first by hearsay, afterwards by personal observation</i>, representing <b>quō cōnsiliō rediī?</b></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1761" id = "sec1761" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1761" href = "#complex_tense_seq_indic">1761.</a></b> The subordinate subjunctive has sometimes the sequence of the nearest verb, instead of that of its proper verb: as, <b>cūrāvit, quod semper in @@ -37152,17 +37143,17 @@ in government, that the greatest number may not have the greatest power</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_tense_seq_subj" id = "complex_tense_seq_subj" +<h6><a id = "complex_tense_seq_subj" href = "#complex_tense">Tense subordinate to a Subjunctive.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1762" id = "sec1762" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1762" href = "#complex_tense_seq_subj">1762.</a></b> When the leading verb is a subjunctive, the present is regarded as primary, and the imperfect and pluperfect as secondary: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page299" id = "page299"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page299"> 299</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1762a" id = "sec1762a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1762a">a.</a></i>) <b>exspectō eius modī litterās ex quibus nōn quid fīat, sed quid futūrum sit sciam</b>, <i>Att.</i> 5, 12, 2, <i>I am expecting a letter of a kind to let me know not what is going on, but what will be going @@ -37178,7 +37169,7 @@ bis bīna quot essent didicisset Epicūrus, certē nōn dīceret</b>, ever been taught how much twice two is</i> (<a href = "#sec1748">1748</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1763" id = "sec1763" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1763" href = "#complex_tense_seq_subj">1763.</a></b> An imperfect subjunctive of action non-occurrent at the present time has occasionally the present sequence: as, <b>mīrārēris, sī interessēs, quā @@ -37187,7 +37178,7 @@ would be amazed to find, if you were with him, with what dogged endurance he bears up under his illness</i>. But the secondary sequence is far more common.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1764" id = "sec1764" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1764" href = "#complex_tense_seq_subj">1764.</a></b> (1.) The perfect subjunctive in independent main sentences of prohibition (<a href = "#sec1551">1551</a>) or of action conceivable (<a @@ -37199,14 +37190,14 @@ this course will be preferable in my eyes</i>. <b>quid nōn sit citius quam quid sit dīxerim</b>, <i>DN.</i> 1, 60, <i>I could sooner tell what is not, than what is</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1765" id = "sec1765" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1765" href = "#complex_tense_seq_subj">1765.</a></b> (2.) In subordinate sentences, the perfect subjunctive has the main sequence when it represents the indicative perfect definite, and the secondary when it represents the indicative historical perfect or the imperfect: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1765a" id = "sec1765a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1765a">a.</a></i>) <b>nēmō ferē vestrūm est, quīn, quem ad modum captae sint Syrācūsae saepe audierit</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 115, <i>there is hardly a man of your number but has heard over and over again how Syracuse was taken</i>. @@ -37215,11 +37206,11 @@ nesciō</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 2, 16, 1, <i>how it came to pass that you suspected what you write, I can’t imagine</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_tense_seq_noun" id = "complex_tense_seq_noun" +<h6><a id = "complex_tense_seq_noun" href = "#complex_tense">Tense subordinate to a Noun of the Verb.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1766" id = "sec1766" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1766" href = "#complex_tense_seq_noun">1766.</a></b> (1.) A subjunctive subordinate to one of the nouns of the verb, except the perfect infinitive or the perfect participle, follows the sequence @@ -37240,9 +37231,9 @@ quem eōrum rēgnum esset ventūrum</b>, L. 1, 56, 10, <i>the youths were possessed with a desire to find out to which one of their number the throne was to fall</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page300" id = "page300"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page300"> 300</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1767" id = "sec1767" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1767" href = "#complex_tense_seq_noun">1767.</a></b> (2.) With a perfect infinitive or perfect participle, the subordinate subjunctive may be in the imperfect or pluperfect, even with a primary @@ -37261,7 +37252,7 @@ esset</b>, <i>Leg.</i> 3, 33, <i>I shall be working on a question that has often been put, whether it was better to vote secretly or openly</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1768" id = "sec1768" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1768" href = "#complex_tense_seq_noun">1768.</a></b> The sequence with a perfect infinitive is, however, often primary: as, <b>hīc sī fīnem faciam dīcendī, satis iūdicī fēcisse videar cūr secundum @@ -37269,7 +37260,7 @@ Rōscium iūdicārī dēbeat</b>, <i>RC.</i> 14, <i>if I should stop speaking here, I should feel I had made it plain enough to the court why a judgement should be rendered for Roscius</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1769" id = "sec1769" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1769" href = "#complex_tense_seq_noun">1769.</a></b> The secondary sequence is used with <b>meminī</b>, <i>remember</i>, even when it has the present infinitive (<a href = "#sec2220">2220</a>): as, @@ -37278,12 +37269,12 @@ adulēscentiam nōn requīreret</b>, <i>CM.</i> 30, <i>I can remember Metellus’s being so good and strong in the very last part of his life that he did not feel the want of youth</i>.</p> -<p class = "second topline"><b><a name = "sec1770" id = "sec1770" href = +<p class = "second topline"><b><a id = "sec1770" href = "#complex_tense_seq_noun">1770.</a></b> Sentences with a subjunctive due to another subjunctive or to an infinitive are put as follows:</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1771" id = "sec1771" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1771" href = "#complex_tense_seq_noun">1771.</a></b> (1.) Sentences of relative time express contemporaneous, antecedent, and subsequent action like corresponding indicative sentences, with the @@ -37312,16 +37303,16 @@ essent portūs nōvisse</b>, 3, 19, 6, <i>the Venetans felt assured that the Romans had not any proper supply of ships, and were not acquainted with the ports in the places where they were to fight</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1772" id = "sec1772" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1772" href = "#complex_tense_seq_noun">1772.</a></b> (2.) Sentences with independent time retain the independent time in the subjunctive in primary sequence (<a href = "#sec1744">1744</a>); in secondary sequence the present becomes imperfect, and the perfect becomes pluperfect: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page301" id = "page301"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page301"> 301</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1772a" id = "sec1772a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1772a">a.</a></i>) <b>quamquam opīniō est, eum quī multīs annīs ante hōs fuerit, Pīsistratum, multum valuisse dīcendō</b>, <i>Br.</i> 27, <i>though there is an impression that the man who lived years and years before these @@ -37335,10 +37326,10 @@ pontem fierī comperissent, nūntiōs in omnēs partēs dīmīsisse</b>, 4, 19, of the bridge, they had sent out messengers in every direction</i>.</p> <!-- change from h5 to h4 --> -<h4><a name = "complex_question" id = "complex_question" href = +<h4><a id = "complex_question" href = "#complex">THE INDIRECT QUESTION.</a></h4> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1773" id = "sec1773" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1773" href = "#complex_question">1773.</a></b> The subjunctive is used in indirect questions or exclamations.</p> @@ -37351,7 +37342,7 @@ Questions or exclamations thus subordinated are called <i>Indirect</i> usually characterized simply by the position of the words, the subject standing before the verb.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1774" id = "sec1774" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1774" href = "#complex_question">1774.</a></b> The indirect question is one of the commonest of constructions. It depends on verbs or expressions meaning not only <i>ask</i>, but also @@ -37360,10 +37351,10 @@ depends on verbs or expressions meaning not only <i>ask</i>, but also <i>wonder</i>, <i>fear</i>, &c., &c.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_question_yesno" id = "complex_question_yesno" +<h6><a id = "complex_question_yesno" href = "#complex_question">Yes or No Questions.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1775" id = "sec1775" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1775" href = "#complex_question_yesno">1775.</a></b> Indirect Yes or No questions are introduced by the same interrogative particles that are used in direct questions (<a href = @@ -37380,14 +37371,14 @@ recognized the seal</i>. <b>quaerō nōnne tibī̆ faciendum idem sit</b>, same</i>. <b>vidēte num dubitandum vōbīs sit</b>, <i>IP.</i> 19, <i>consider whether you ought to have any hesitation</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1776" id = "sec1776" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1776" href = "#complex_question_yesno">1776.</a></b> The combinations <b>-ne . . . -ne</b>, and <b>an . . . an</b>, introducing two separate questions, are rare; <b class = "locked">-ne . . . -ne</b> is mostly confined to poetry. In a few instances such questions can hardly be distinguished from alternatives.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1777" id = "sec1777" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1777" href = "#complex_question_yesno">1777.</a></b> A conditional protasis with <b>sī</b>, <i>if</i>, <i>to see if</i>, or <b>sī forte</b>, <i>if perchance</i>, sometimes takes the place of an @@ -37401,12 +37392,12 @@ as, <b>exspectābam, sī quid scrīberēs</b>, <i>Att.</i> 16, 2. 4, of getting in</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page302" id = "page302"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page302"> 302</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_question_alt" id = "complex_question_alt" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_question_alt" href = "#complex_question">Alternative Questions.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1778" id = "sec1778" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1778" href = "#complex_question_alt">1778.</a></b> Indirect alternative questions are introduced like direct questions (<a href = "#sec1519">1519</a>). But when the second member is negative, it @@ -37424,7 +37415,7 @@ whether wrong be done in heat of passion, or with deliberate intent</i>. <i>I ask whether you would rather have him like Brutus or like Antony</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1779" id = "sec1779" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1779" href = "#complex_question_alt">1779.</a></b> An introductory <b>utrum</b> preceding an alternative question with <b class = "locked">-ne</b> and <b>an</b> occurs a few times in Plautus and @@ -37433,14 +37424,14 @@ twice in Horace and Tacitus each; compare 1522. After <b>utrum</b>, a second alternative is sometimes suppressed, as in the direct question (<a href = "#sec1523">1523</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1780" id = "sec1780" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1780" href = "#complex_question_alt">1780.</a></b> <b>-ne</b> in the second member only of an alternative question is rare, and not used by Caesar or Sallust: as, <b>sine sciam captīva māterne sim</b>, L. 2, 40, 5, <i>let me know whether I am a captive or a mother</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1781" id = "sec1781" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1781" href = "#complex_question_alt">1781.</a></b> (1.) A few times in Plautus and Terence, the second member only of an alternative question is expressed with <b>quī sciō an?</b> or <b>quī @@ -37450,7 +37441,7 @@ direct</i>. Horace has once <b>quī scīs an</b>, <i>AP.</i> 462, in the sense of <i>perhaps</i>, and once <b>quis scit an</b>, 4, 7, 17, in the sense of <i>perhaps not</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1782" id = "sec1782" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1782" href = "#complex_question_alt">1782.</a></b> (2.) The second member only of an alternative question is often expressed after <b>haud sciō an</b>, <i>I don’t know but</i>, @@ -37469,12 +37460,12 @@ modest assertion, is principally confined to Cicero. In later Latin, <b>haud sciō an</b>, &c., sometimes has a negative sense, <i>I don’t know whether</i>, with <b>ūllus</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1783" id = "sec1783" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1783" href = "#complex_question_alt">1783.</a></b> From Curtius on, <b>an</b> is used quite like <b>num</b> or <b>-ne</b>, in a single indirect question, without implication of alternatives.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1784" id = "sec1784" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1784" href = "#complex_question_alt">1784.</a></b> Two alternatives are rarely used without any interrogative particles at all: as, <b>velit nōlit scīre difficile est</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 3, 8, 4, @@ -37482,10 +37473,10 @@ all: as, <b>velit nōlit scīre difficile est</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 3, 8, 4, Compare 1518.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_question_pron" id = "complex_question_pron" href +<h6><a id = "complex_question_pron" href = "#complex_question">Pronoun Questions.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1785" id = "sec1785" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1785" href = "#complex_question_pron">1785.</a></b> Indirect pronoun questions are introduced by the same pronominal words that are used in direct pronoun questions (<a href = @@ -37499,12 +37490,12 @@ ascertains what is going on</i>. <b>vidētis ut omnēs dēspiciat</b>, yourself</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page303" id = "page303"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page303"> 303</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_question_orig" id = "complex_question_orig" href +<h6><a id = "complex_question_orig" href = "#complex_question">Original Subjunctives.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1786" id = "sec1786" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1786" href = "#complex_question_orig">1786.</a></b> Questions already in the subjunctive may also become indirect.</p> @@ -37521,11 +37512,11 @@ law, what I’m to do</i>. <b>neque satis cōnstābat quid agerent</b>, 3, href = "#sec1564">1564</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_question_indic" id = "complex_question_indic" +<h6><a id = "complex_question_indic" href = "#complex_question">Indicative Questions apparently Indirect.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1787" id = "sec1787" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1787" href = "#complex_question_indic">1787.</a></b> In old Latin, the indicative occurs often in connections where the subjunctive would be used in classical Latin: as,</p> @@ -37540,7 +37531,7 @@ as, <b>et vidē, quam conversa rēs est</b>, <i>Att.</i> 8, 13, 2, <i>and observe, how everything is changed</i>. <b>adspice, ut ingreditur</b>, V. 6, 856, <i>see, how he marches off</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1788" id = "sec1788" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1788" href = "#complex_question_indic">1788.</a></b> The indicative is used with <b>nesciō</b> followed by a pronominal interrogative, when this combination is equivalent to an indefinite @@ -37557,7 +37548,7 @@ quid</b>, <b>sciō ut</b>, &c., somewhat in this way once or twice with the indicative: as, <b>scio quid agō</b>, <i>B.</i> 78, <i>I’m doing I know what</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1789" id = "sec1789" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1789" href = "#complex_question_indic">1789.</a></b> This combination often expresses admiration, contempt, or regret: as, <b>contendō tum illud nesciō quid praeclārum solēre existere</b>, @@ -37568,7 +37559,7 @@ sententia, postulante nesciō quō</b>, <i>Mil.</i> 14. <i>the question was divided, on motion of what’s his name</i>. <b>nesciō quō pactō</b>, <i>C.</i> 31, <i>unfortunately</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1790" id = "sec1790" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1790" href = "#complex_question_indic">1790.</a></b> The indicative is used in like manner with many expressions, originally exclamatory, which have become adverbs: such are <b>immāne quantum</b>, @@ -37576,7 +37567,7 @@ exclamatory, which have become adverbs: such are <b>immāne quantum</b>, quam</b>, <i>immensely</i>, &c., &c. See <a href = "#sec712">712</a> and the dictionary.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1791" id = "sec1791" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1791" href = "#complex_question_indic">1791.</a></b> Relative constructions often have the appearance of indirect questions, and care must be taken not to confound the two. Thus, <b>ut</b> is a @@ -37586,19 +37577,19 @@ occurred</i>. <b>nōstī quae sequontur</b>, <i>TD.</i> 4, 77, <i>you know the things that follow</i>, i.e. not <i>what follows</i>.</p> <!-- change from h5 to h4 --> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page304" id = "page304"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page304"> 304</a></span> -<h4><a name = "complex_relative" id = "complex_relative" href = +<h4><a id = "complex_relative" href = "#complex">THE RELATIVE SENTENCE.</a></h4> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1792" id = "sec1792" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1792" href = "#complex_relative">1792.</a></b> Relative sentences are introduced by relative words, the most important of which is the pronoun <b>quī</b>, <i>who</i>, <i>which</i>, or <i>that</i>. The relative pronoun may be in any case required by the context, and may represent any of the three persons.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1793" id = "sec1793" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1793" href = "#complex_relative">1793.</a></b> The relative adverbs, <b>ubī̆</b>, <b>quō</b>, <b>unde</b>, often take the place of a relative pronoun with a preposition, chiefly in @@ -37606,7 +37597,7 @@ designations of place, and regularly with town and island names. Less frequently of persons, though <b>unde</b> is not uncommonly thus used.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1794" id = "sec1794" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1794" href = "#complex_relative">1794.</a></b> In a wider sense, sentences introduced by any relative conjunctive particle, such as <b>ubī̆</b>, <i>when</i>, are sometimes called @@ -37614,7 +37605,7 @@ relative sentences. Such sentences, however, are more conveniently treated separately, under the head of the several conjunctive particles.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1795" id = "sec1795" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1795" href = "#complex_relative">1795.</a></b> (1.) The relative pronoun, like the English relative <i>who</i>, <i>which</i>, was developed from the interrogative. Originally, the @@ -37631,7 +37622,7 @@ apud nostrōs nōn erant, eārum rērum nōmina nōn poterant esse countrymen, of those things the names could not have been in common use</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1796" id = "sec1796" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1796" href = "#complex_relative">1796.</a></b> (2.) The relative sentence may also come last. As early as Plautus, this had become the prevalent arrangement, and the substantive of the main @@ -37645,7 +37636,7 @@ suitable spot for his camp</i>. The three words <b>diēs</b>, the antecedent and the relative sentence. This repetition is rare in Livy, and disappears after his time.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1797" id = "sec1797" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1797" href = "#complex_relative">1797.</a></b> In old Latin, rarely in classical poetry, a sentence sometimes begins with an emphasized antecedent put before the relative, and in the case @@ -37655,12 +37646,12 @@ vostra est</b>. In the main sentence, <b>is</b>, <b>hīc</b>, <b>iste</b>, or <b>ille</b>, is often used; less frequently, as in this example, an appellative.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1798" id = "sec1798" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1798" href = "#complex_relative">1798.</a></b> The main sentence often has the determinative or demonstrative, or the substantive, or both omitted: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1798a" id = "sec1798a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1798a">a.</a></i>) <b>ubī̆ intellēxit diem īnstāre, quō diē frūmentum mīlitibus mētīrī oportēret</b>, 1, 16, 5, <i>when he saw the day was drawing nigh, on which day the grain was to be measured out to his men</i>. @@ -37671,10 +37662,10 @@ mīlitum circum sē habēbat, sē sequī iubet</b>, 5, 37, 1, <i>Sabinus ordered what tribunes of the soldiers he had about him, to follow him</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page305" id = "page305"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page305"> 305</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1799" id = "sec1799" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1799" href = "#complex_relative">1799.</a></b> The antecedent is often omitted when it is indefinite, or is obvious from the context: as,</p> @@ -37687,7 +37678,7 @@ cōgnōvit Cōnsidium, quod nōn vīdisset, prō vīsō sibī̆ renūntiāvisse< 1, 22, 4, <i>Caesar ascertained that Considius had reported to him as seen what he had not seen</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1800" id = "sec1800" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1800" href = "#complex_relative">1800.</a></b> An ablative or nominative abstract in the relative sentence sometimes represents an ablative of manner or quality omitted from the main @@ -37703,16 +37694,16 @@ submit to such indignities</i>. This ellipsis begins with Cicero, and is found a few times only in later writers.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_relative_agree" id = "complex_relative_agree" +<h6><a id = "complex_relative_agree" href = "#complex_relative">Agreement of the Relative.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1801" id = "sec1801" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1801" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1801.</a></b> The agreement of the relative has already been spoken of in a general way (<a href = "#sec1082">1082-1098</a>). For convenience, however, it may be set forth here more explicitly.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1802" id = "sec1802" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1802" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1802.</a></b> A relative pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, but its case depends on the construction of the sentence in which it stands: @@ -37726,7 +37717,7 @@ wrapped, and the slippers that he had on</i>. This holds of all relatives with inflected form, such as <b>quīcumque</b>, <b>quālis</b>, <b>quantus</b>, &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1803" id = "sec1803" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1803" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1803.</a></b> When the relative refers to two or more antecedents of different gender, its gender is determined like that of a predicate adjective (<a href = @@ -37746,12 +37737,12 @@ substantive: as, <b>eās frūges atque frūctūs, quōs terra gignit</b>, <i>DN.</i> 2, 37, <i>the crops, and the fruits of the trees that earth produces</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1804" id = "sec1804" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1804" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1804.</a></b> The relative is sometimes regulated by the sense, and not by the form of the antecedent: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page306" id = "page306"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page306"> 306</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>equitātum praemittit quī videant</b>, 1, 15, 1, <i>he sends the cavalry ahead, for them to see</i> (<a href = @@ -37767,7 +37758,7 @@ scrībās. Vēiēns bellum exortum, quibus Sabīnī arma coniūnxerant</b>, L. 2, 53, 1, <i>a Vejan war broke out, with whom the Sabines had allied themselves</i>, i.e. <b>bellum cum Vēientibus.</b></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1805" id = "sec1805" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1805" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1805.</a></b> A relative referring to a proper name and explanatory appellative combined, may take the gender of either: as, <b>flūmine Rhēnō, quī agrum @@ -37776,7 +37767,7 @@ is the boundary between Helvetians and Germans</i>. <b>ad flūmen Scaldem quod īnfluit in Mosam</b>, 6, 33, 3, <i>to the river Scheldt, that empties itself into the Maas</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1806" id = "sec1806" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1806" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1806.</a></b> With verbs of indeterminate meaning (<a href = "#sec1035">1035</a>), the relative pronoun sometimes agrees with the predicate substantive: as, @@ -37785,7 +37776,7 @@ itself, which is the capital of Boeotia</i>. Often, however, with the antecedent: as, <b>flūmen quod appellātur Tamesis</b>, 5, 11, 8, <i>the river which is called the Thames</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1807" id = "sec1807" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1807" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1807.</a></b> When the relative is subject, its verb agrees with the person of the antecedent: as,</p> @@ -37799,7 +37790,7 @@ tongue</i>. So also when the antecedent is implied in a possessive: as, dīcēbās</b>, <i>C</i>. 1, 7, <i>when you said you were satisfied with murdering us, who had staid behind</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1808" id = "sec1808" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1808" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1808.</a></b> For an accusative of the relative with an ablative antecedent the ablative is rarely used: as, <b>notante iūdice quō nōstī populō</b>, H. @@ -37808,7 +37799,7 @@ who—the world</i>. This represents the older interrogative conception: <b>notante iūdice—quō?—nōstī, populō</b> (<a href = "#sec1795">1795</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1809" id = "sec1809" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1809" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1809.</a></b> A new substantive added in explanation of an antecedent is put after the relative, and in the same case: as, <b>ad Amānum contendī, quī mōns erat @@ -37819,7 +37810,7 @@ appositive, with the relative following: as, <b>Decius Magius, vir cui nihil dēfuit</b>, L. 23, 7, 4, <i>Magius, a man that lacked nothing</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1810" id = "sec1810" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1810" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1810.</a></b> An adjective, especially a comparative, superlative, or numeral, explanatory of a substantive in the main sentence, is often put in the @@ -37829,13 +37820,13 @@ relative sentence: as,</p> īnsequendum tardābat</b>, 7, 26, 2, <i>a morass, that lay unbroken between, hindered the Romans from pursuit</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1811" id = "sec1811" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1811" href = "#complex_relative_agree">1811.</a></b> When reference is made to the substance of a sentence, the neuter <b>quod</b> is used, or more commonly <b>id quod</b>, either usually in parenthesis: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page307" id = "page307"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page307"> 307</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>intellegitur, id quod iam ante dīxī, imprūdente L. Sūllā scelera haec fierī</b>, <i>RA.</i> 25, <i>it is plain, as I @@ -37846,16 +37837,16 @@ ordered the vessels to be withdrawn, a course which proved very advantageous for our people</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_relative_mood" id = "complex_relative_mood" href +<h6><a id = "complex_relative_mood" href = "#complex_relative">MOODS IN THE RELATIVE SENTENCE.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1812" id = "sec1812" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1812" href = "#complex_relative_mood">1812.</a></b> The relative is sometimes equivalent to a conditional protasis. When thus used, it may have either the indicative or the subjunctive, as the sense requires: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1812a" id = "sec1812a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1812a">a.</a></i>) <b>quod beātum est, nec habet nec exhibet cuiquam negōtium</b>, <i>DN.</i> 1, 85, <i>whatsoever is blessed, has no trouble and makes none to anybody</i>. <b>quisquis hūc vēnerit, pugnōs edet</b>, Pl. @@ -37873,7 +37864,7 @@ in</i> (<a href = "#sec1559">1559</a>).</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Indicative Mood.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1813" id = "sec1813" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1813" href = "#complex_relative_mood">1813.</a></b> The indicative is used in simple declarations or descriptions introduced by a relative: as,</p> @@ -37887,7 +37878,7 @@ such as he saw in stress, he kept sending reinforcements</i> (<a href = "#sec1736">1736</a>). <b>tū quod volēs faciēs</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 3, 4, 5, <i>do what you like</i> (<a href = "#sec1735">1735</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1814" id = "sec1814" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1814" href = "#complex_relative_mood">1814.</a></b> The indicative is also used with indefinite relative pronouns and adverbs: as, <b>quidquid volt, valdē volt</b>, <i>Att.</i> 14, 1, 2, @@ -37898,7 +37889,7 @@ adverbs: as, <b>quidquid volt, valdē volt</b>, <i>Att.</i> 14, 1, 2, pluperfect is often in the subjunctive: see <a href = "#sec1730">1730</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1815" id = "sec1815" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1815" href = "#complex_relative_mood">1815.</a></b> An original indicative often becomes subjunctive, particularly in indirect discourse (<a href = "#sec1722">1722</a>); or by attraction (<a @@ -37909,19 +37900,19 @@ href = "#sec1728">1728</a>); or to indicate repeated action (<a href = <p class = "header smallcaps">The Subjunctive Mood.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1816" id = "sec1816" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1816" href = "#complex_relative_mood">1816.</a></b> Relative pronoun sentences take the subjunctive to denote (1.) a purpose, (2.) a characteristic or result, (3.) a cause, reason, proof, or a concession.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page308" id = "page308"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page308"> 308</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_relative_purpose" id = "complex_relative_purpose" +<h6><a id = "complex_relative_purpose" href = "#complex_relative">Sentences of Purpose.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1817" id = "sec1817" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1817" href = "#complex_relative_purpose">1817.</a></b> (1.) Relative sentences of purpose are equivalent to subjunctive sentences introduced by <b>ut</b>, <i>in order that</i>, <i>to</i> (<a @@ -37936,11 +37927,11 @@ of friendship</i>. Sentences of purpose are an extension of the subjunctive of desire (<a href = "#sec1540">1540</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_relative_result" id = "complex_relative_result" +<h6><a id = "complex_relative_result" href = "#complex_relative">Sentences of Characteristic or Result.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1818" id = "sec1818" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1818" href = "#complex_relative_result">1818.</a></b> (2.) Relative sentences of characteristic or result are equivalent to subjunctive sentences introduced by <b>ut</b>, <i>so as to</i>, <i>so @@ -37957,7 +37948,7 @@ miserandum sit labōrātis</b>, <i>DN.</i> 3, 62, <i>you struggle away to a pitiable degree</i>. Sentences of result are an extension of the subjunctive of action conceivable (<a href = "#sec1554">1554</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1819" id = "sec1819" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1819" href = "#complex_relative_result">1819.</a></b> The subjunctive with <b>quī</b> is often used with <b>dignus</b>, <b>indignus</b>, or <b>idōneus</b>, usually with a form of <b>sum</b>: @@ -37969,14 +37960,14 @@ once in Cicero, once in Ovid. In poetry and late prose these adjectives sometimes have the infinitive. <b>dignus</b> and <b>indignus</b> have also <b>ut</b> in Plautus, Livy, and Quintilian.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1820" id = "sec1820" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1820" href = "#complex_relative_result">1820.</a></b> Relative subjunctive sentences are sometimes coordinated by <b>et</b> or <b>sed</b>, with a substantive, adjective, or participle: as, <b>audāx et coetūs possit quae ferre virōrum</b>, J. 6, 399, <i>a brazen minx, and one quite capable of facing crowds of men</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1821" id = "sec1821" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1821" href = "#complex_relative_result">1821.</a></b> Relative sentences after assertions or questions of existence or non-existence, usually take the subjunctive: as,</p> @@ -37988,7 +37979,7 @@ nobody that doesn’t know</i>. <b>sapientia est ūna quae maestitiam pellat ex animīs</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 1, 43, <i>wisdom is the only thing to drive sadness from the soul</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1822" id = "sec1822" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1822" href = "#complex_relative_result">1822.</a></b> Such expressions are: <b>est (exsistit, exortus est), quī</b>; <b>sunt (reperiuntur, nōn dēsunt), quī</b>; <b>nēmō est, quī</b>; <b>quis est, @@ -37999,7 +37990,7 @@ verbs: as, <b>multī</b>, <b>quīdam</b>, <b>nōnnūllī</b>, <b>aliī</b>, <b>paucī</b>; sometimes appellatives: as, <b>hominēs</b>, <b>philosophī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1823" id = "sec1823" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1823" href = "#complex_relative_result">1823.</a></b> The indicative, however, is not infrequently found in affirmative sentences, particularly in old Latin and in poetry: as, <b>sunt quōs @@ -38011,18 +38002,18 @@ when it errs</i>. <b>sunt item, quae appellantur alcēs</b>, 6, 27, 1, <i>then again there are what they call elks</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page309" id = "page309"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page309"> 309</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_relative_cause" id = "complex_relative_cause" +<h6><a id = "complex_relative_cause" href = "#complex_relative">Sentences of Cause or Concession.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1824" id = "sec1824" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1824" href = "#complex_relative_cause">1824.</a></b> (3.) Relative sentences of cause, reason, proof, or of concession, are equivalent to subjunctive sentences introduced by <b>cum</b>, <i>since</i>, <i>though</i> (<a href = "#sec1877">1877</a>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1824a" id = "sec1824a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1824a">a.</a></i>) <b>hospes, quī nihil suspicārētur, hominem retinēre coepit</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 64, <i>the friend, suspecting nothing, undertook to hold on to the man</i>. Often justifying the use of a single word: as, @@ -38036,14 +38027,14 @@ castrīs continuisset, quīnque cohortēs frūmentātum mittit</b>, 6, 36, 1, <i>though Cicero had kept his men in camp, he sends five cohorts foraging</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1825" id = "sec1825" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1825" href = "#complex_relative_cause">1825.</a></b> With <b>quī tamen</b>, however, the indicative is usual: as, <b>alter, quī tamen sē continuerat, nōn tenuit eum locum</b>, <i>Sest.</i> 114, <i>the other, though he had observed a quiet policy, did not hold the place</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1826" id = "sec1826" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1826" href = "#complex_relative_cause">1826.</a></b> Oftentimes, where a causal relation might be expected, a simple declaratory indicative is used: as,</p> @@ -38060,7 +38051,7 @@ action (<a href = "#sec1733">1733</a>): as, <b>stultē fēcī, quī hunc āmīsī</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 1376, <i>I’ve acted like a fool, in letting this man off</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1827" id = "sec1827" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1827" href = "#complex_relative_cause">1827.</a></b> The causal relative is often introduced by <b>quippe</b>, less frequently by <b>ut</b>, or <b>ut pote</b>, <i>naturally</i>: as,</p> @@ -38082,7 +38073,7 @@ Cicero, and once in Tacitus. <b>ut pote quī</b> has the subjunctive. It is used by Plautus, by Cicero, once with the indicative, by Sallust, and Catullus.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1828" id = "sec1828" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1828" href = "#complex_relative_cause">1828.</a></b> The indefinite ablative <b>quī</b>, <i>somehow</i>, <i>surely</i>, sometimes follows <b>quippe</b> or <b>ut</b> in old Latin, in which case @@ -38090,12 +38081,12 @@ it must not be confounded with the relative: as, <b>quippe quī ex tē audīvī</b>, Pl. <i>Am.</i> 745, <i>why, sure I’ve heard from you</i>; it cannot be the relative here, as the speaker is a woman.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1829" id = "sec1829" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1829" href = "#complex_relative_cause">1829.</a></b> The subjunctive is used in parenthetical sentences of restriction: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page310" id = "page310"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page310"> 310</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>quod sciam</b>, Pl. <i>Men.</i> 500; T. <i>Ad.</i> 641; <i>RA.</i> 17, <i>to the best of my knowledge and @@ -38106,7 +38097,7 @@ cōgnōverim, acūtissimum iūdicō Q. Sertōrium</b>, <i>Br.</i> 180, <i>of all orators, at least of all that I have made the acquaintance of myself, I count Sertorius the sharpest</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1830" id = "sec1830" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1830" href = "#complex_relative_cause">1830.</a></b> The indicative, however, is used in <b>quod attinet ad</b>, <i>as to</i>, and usually with <b>quantum</b>, and with forms of <b>sum</b> @@ -38115,10 +38106,10 @@ and <b>possum</b>: as, <b>quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris</b>, yourself</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_relative_correl" id = "complex_relative_correl" +<h6><a id = "complex_relative_correl" href = "#complex_relative">CORRELATIVE SENTENCES.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1831" id = "sec1831" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1831" href = "#complex_relative_correl">1831.</a></b> Sentences are said to be <i>correlative</i>, when a relative pronoun or adverb has a corresponding determinative or demonstrative pronoun or @@ -38134,12 +38125,12 @@ quālis</b>; <b>ubī̆ . . . ibī̆</b>; <b>ut . . . ita</b>, <b>sīc</b>, or <b>item</b>; <b>cum ... tum</b>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_relative_combine" id = "complex_relative_combine" +<h6><a id = "complex_relative_combine" href = "#complex_relative">RELATIVE SENTENCES COMBINED.</a></h6> <p class = "header smallcaps">(A.) Coordination of a Relative.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1832" id = "sec1832" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1832" href = "#complex_relative_combine">1832.</a></b> (1.) When two coordinate relative sentences would have the second relative in the same case as the first, the second relative is usually @@ -38150,7 +38141,7 @@ plēbī acceptus erat, persuādet</b>, 1, 3, 5, <i>he prevails with Dumnorix, who held the headship, and was popular with the commons</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1833" id = "sec1833" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1833" href = "#complex_relative_combine">1833.</a></b> (2.) When two coordinate relative sentences require two different cases of the relative, the relative is usually expressed with both, or else @@ -38158,7 +38149,7 @@ the second relative, which is usually nominative or accusative, is omitted, or <b>is</b>, <b>hīc</b>, <b>ille</b>, or <b>īdem</b>, is substituted for it: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1833a" id = "sec1833a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1833a">a.</a></i>) <b>cūr loquimur dē eō hoste, quī iam fatētur sē esse hostem, et quem nōn timeō?</b> <i>C.</i> 2, 17, <i>why am I talking about an enemy who admits himself he is an enemy, and whom I do not fear?</i> @@ -38173,12 +38164,12 @@ last use is chiefly limited to old Latin, Cicero, and Lucretius.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">(B.) Subordination of a Relative.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1834" id = "sec1834" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1834" href = "#complex_relative_combine">1834.</a></b> A sentence consisting of a main and a relative member, may be further modified by a more specific relative sentence: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page311" id = "page311"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page311"> 311</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>proximī sunt Germānīs quī trāns Rhēnum incolunt</b> (general), <b>quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt</b> @@ -38190,11 +38181,11 @@ selfsame artist made the world-renowned Cupid at Thespiae, which is the attraction for tourists in Thespiae</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_relative_main" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_relative_main" href = "#complex_relative">THE RELATIVE INTRODUCING A MAIN SENTENCE.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1835" id = "sec1835" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1835" href = "#complex_relative_main">1835.</a></b> Besides the ordinary use of the relative, to introduce a subordinate sentence, it is often used like <b>hīc</b>, or <b>is</b>, or like <b>et @@ -38213,13 +38204,13 @@ are extremely profitable reading; so do read them attentively</i>. In Plautus this use is rare; but it becomes more and more prevalent, and in the time of Cicero the relative is one of the commonest connectives.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1836" id = "sec1836" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1836" href = "#complex_relative_main">1836.</a></b> From this use of the relative come many introductory formulas, such as <b>quō factō</b>, <b>quā rē cōgnitā</b>, <b>quae cum ita sint</b>, &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1837" id = "sec1837" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1837" href = "#complex_relative_main">1837.</a></b> A connective <b>quod</b> is often used before <b>sī</b>, <b>nisi</b>, or <b>etsī</b>, less frequently before <b>quia</b>, <b>quoniam</b>, @@ -38231,13 +38222,13 @@ it is often best omitted in translation. See <a href = "#sec2132">2132</a>.</p> <!-- change from h5 to h4 --> -<h4><a name = "complex_particle" id = "complex_particle" href = +<h4><a id = "complex_particle" href = "#complex">THE CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE SENTENCE.</a></h4> -<h6><a name = "complex_particle_quod" id = "complex_particle_quod" href +<h6><a id = "complex_particle_quod" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quod.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1838" id = "sec1838" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1838" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1838.</a></b> The conjunctive particle <b>quod</b>, originally the neuter of the relative pronoun, has both a declarative sense, <i>that</i>, and a @@ -38246,15 +38237,15 @@ indicative (<a href = "#sec1721">1721</a>). For special reasons, however, the subjunctive is often used, and particularly in indirect discourse (<a href = "#sec1722">1722</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1839" id = "sec1839" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1839" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1839.</a></b> In some of its applications, particularly in old Latin, the conjunctive particle <b>quod</b> can hardly be distinguished from the pronoun <b>quod</b>, as follows:</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page312" id = "page312"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page312"> 312</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1840" id = "sec1840" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1840" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1840.</a></b> (1) In old Latin, <b>quod</b>, <i>why</i>, <i>for what</i>, is sometimes used with <b>veniō</b> and <b>mittō</b>. Thus, as in <b>id vēnimus</b>, @@ -38265,7 +38256,7 @@ also <b>quod</b>, in <b>quod vēnī, ēloquar</b>, T. <i>Hau. prol.</i> 3, explicitly <b>quam ob rem</b>: as, <b>quam ob rem hūc sum missa</b>, Pl. <i>R.</i> 430, <i>what I am sent here for</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1841" id = "sec1841" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1841" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1841.</a></b> (2.) <b>quod</b>, <i>why</i>, <i>for what</i>, is used in such expansions as <b>quid est quod? quid habēs quod?</b> or <b>nihil est @@ -38282,7 +38273,7 @@ causae, cūr in Āfricam Caesarem nōn sequerēre?</b> <i>Ph.</i> 2, 71, <i>what earthly reason was there, why you should not have followed Caesar to Africa?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1842" id = "sec1842" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1842" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1842.</a></b> (3.) <b>quod</b>, <i>as to what</i>, or <i>that</i>, is used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to introduce a fact on which something @@ -38296,7 +38287,7 @@ to his moving a great many Germans over to Gaul, that he did for self-protection</i> (<a href = "#sec1722">1722</a>). This construction is particularly common in Caesar, and in Cicero’s letters.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1843" id = "sec1843" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1843" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1843.</a></b> When <b>quod</b>, <i>in case</i>, <i>suppose</i>, <i>although</i>, introduces a mere conjecture or a concession, the subjunctive is used @@ -38305,20 +38296,20 @@ extinguī volō</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 91, <i>in case a man may come for fire, I want the fire put out</i>. This use is principally found in old Latin, but once or twice also in Cicero.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1844" id = "sec1844" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1844" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1844.</a></b> <b>quod</b>, <i>that</i>, <i>the fact that</i>, is often used in subordinate sentences which serve to complete the sense of the main sentence.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1845" id = "sec1845" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1845" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1845.</a></b> The sentence with <b>quod</b> may represent a subject, as with <b>accēdit</b>; an object, as with <b>praetereō</b>, &c.; or any case of a substantive; frequently it is in apposition with a demonstrative or an appellative: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1845a" id = "sec1845a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1845a">a.</a></i>) <b>accēdēbat, quod suōs ab sē līberōs abstrāctōs dolēbant</b>, 3, 2, 5, <i>there was added this fact, that they lamented that their own children were torn from them</i>; or less clumsily, <i>then too they @@ -38336,7 +38327,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘off’">off</ins> the kindnesses of the senate to the man ‘he had been styled king by the senate’</i> (<a href = "#sec1722">1722</a>). <b>quō factō duās rēs cōnsecūtus est, quod animōs centuriōnum -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page313" id = "page313"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page313"> 313</a></span> dēvinxit et mīlitum voluntātēs redēmit</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 1, 39, 4, <i>thus he killed two birds with one stone: he won the hearts of the @@ -38349,7 +38340,7 @@ industriā et quod adhibēbat grātiam, in prīncipibus patrōnīs fuit</b>, his winning manners to bear, he figured among the leaders of the bar</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1846" id = "sec1846" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1846" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1846.</a></b> <b>accēdit</b>, as the passive of <b>addō</b>, often has the subjunctive with <b>ut</b>: see <a href = "#sec1965">1965</a>. <b>addō quod</b>, @@ -38357,14 +38348,14 @@ especially in the imperative form <b>adde quod</b>, occurs in Accius, Terence, Lucretius, Horace, and Ovid. <b>adiciō quod</b> begins with Livy.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1847" id = "sec1847" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1847" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1847.</a></b> The sentence with <b>quod</b> is often introduced by a prepositional expression, such as <b>eō</b> with <b>dē</b>, <b>ex</b>, <b>in</b>, <b>prō</b>, rarely with <b>cum</b>; or <b>id</b> with <b>ad</b> in Livy, <b>super</b> in Tacitus.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1848" id = "sec1848" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1848" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1848.</a></b> <b>nisi quod</b>, or in Plautus and Terence <b>nisi quia</b>, <i>but for the fact that</i>, <i>except</i>, <i>only that</i>, and <b>praeter quam @@ -38374,14 +38365,14 @@ quod</b>, <i>besides the fact that</i>, are used in limitations: as, <b>super quam quod</b>. <b>tantum quod</b> in the sense of <b>nisi quod</b> is rare; more commonly of time, <i>just</i>, <i>hardly</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1849" id = "sec1849" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1849" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1849.</a></b> <b>quid quod?</b> for <b>quid dē eō dīcam quod?</b> <i>what of the fact that</i>, or <i>nay more</i>, marks an important transition: as, <b>quid quod salūs sociōrum in perīculum vocātur?</b> <i>IP.</i> 12, <i>nay more, the very existence of our allies is endangered</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1850" id = "sec1850" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1850" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1850.</a></b> With verbs of doing or happening, accompanied by some word of manner, <b>quod</b> introduces a verb of coincident action (<a href = @@ -38396,7 +38387,7 @@ Sicilians in acting as avenger of their wrongs</i>. In this sense "#sec1874">1874</a>) is often used, or in Plautus and once in Horace <b>quia</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1851" id = "sec1851" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1851" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1851.</a></b> <b>quod</b>, <i>that</i>, <i>because</i>, is used to denote cause with verbs of emotion.</p> @@ -38412,7 +38403,7 @@ letters, Livy, and rarely in Tacitus such verbs may have <b>quia</b>, sometimes <b>quom</b> (<a href = "#sec1875">1875</a>). For the accusative with the infinitive, see <a href = "#sec2187">2187</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1852" id = "sec1852" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1852" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1852.</a></b> Verbs of praising, blaming, accusing, and condemning, often take <b>quod</b>: as,</p> @@ -38429,14 +38420,14 @@ generation’</i> (<a href = "#sec1725">1725</a>). <b>grātulor</b>, regularly <b>quod</b> or <b>cum</b> (<a href = "#sec1875">1875</a>). Verbs of accusing sometimes have <b>cūr</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page314" id = "page314"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page314"> 314</a></span> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1853" id = "sec1853" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1853" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1853.</a></b> Causal <b>quod</b>, <i>owing to the fact that</i>, <i>because</i>, introduces an efficient cause, or a reason or motive: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1853a" id = "sec1853a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1853a">a.</a></i>) <b>in hīs locīs, quod omnis Gallia ad septentriōnēs vergit, mātūrae sunt hiemēs</b>, 4, 20, 1, <i>in these parts the winter sets in early, owing to the fact that Gaul in general lies to the north</i>. <b>Helvētiī @@ -38459,14 +38450,14 @@ nōn contulērunt, quod sē suō arbitriō bellum esse gestūrōs dīcerent</b>, they meant to make war on their own responsibility</i> (<a href = "#sec1727">1727</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1854" id = "sec1854" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1854" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1854.</a></b> <b>quod</b> often has a correlative in the main sentence, such as <b>eō</b>, <b>ideō</b>, <b>idcircō</b>, <b>proptereā</b>. In Sallust, <b>eā grātiā</b>. In Plautus, causal <b>quod</b> is very rare compared to causal <b>quia</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1855" id = "sec1855" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1855" href = "#complex_particle_quod">1855.</a></b> An untenable reason is introduced in Plautus by <b>nōn eō quia</b>, in Terence by <b>nōn eō quō</b>; in Cicero very rarely by <b>neque</b> or @@ -38490,22 +38481,22 @@ nōn</b>, or <b>nōn <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘quin’">quīn</ins></b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_particle_quia" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_particle_complex_particle_quia" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quia.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1856" id = "sec1856" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1856" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1856.</a></b> <b>quia</b>, a neuter accusative plural of the relative stem (<a href = "#sec701">701</a>) is used in both a declarative and a causal sense, like <b>quod</b> (<a href = "#sec1838">1838</a>). It is, however, more prevalent in Plautus, less so from Terence on.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1857" id = "sec1857" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1857" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1857.</a></b> For the uses of declarative <b>quia</b>, see under 1848, 1850, 1851.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1858" id = "sec1858" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1858" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1858.</a></b> Causal <b>quia</b>, with or without a correlative, such as <b>ideō</b>, <b>eō</b>, <b>proptereā</b>, &c., is common in old Latin (<a href = @@ -38514,12 +38505,12 @@ before Tacitus. For <b>nōn quia</b>, &c., see <a href = "#sec1855">1855</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page315" id = "page315"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page315"> 315</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_particle_quia" id = "complex_particle_quia" href +<h6><a id = "complex_particle_quia" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quom</b> or <b>cum</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1859" id = "sec1859" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1859" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1859.</a></b> <b>quom</b> or <b>cum</b> (<a href = "#sec157">157</a>, <a href = "#sec711">711</a>), used as a relative conjunctive particle (<a href = @@ -38542,7 +38533,7 @@ conditional protasis (<a href = "#sec2016">2016</a>, <a href = <p class = "header size8">WITH THE INDICATIVE.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1860" id = "sec1860" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1860" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1860.</a></b> <b>cum</b>, <i>when</i>, <i>whenever</i>, <i>if</i>, of indefinite time, may introduce any tense of the indicative required by the context: @@ -38568,7 +38559,7 @@ poterat</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 48, <i>when he went to a dinner party, if he ever caught sight of a bit of chased work, he never could keep his hands off</i> (<a href = "#sec2050">2050</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1861" id = "sec1861" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1861" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1861.</a></b> <b>cum</b>, <i>when</i>, of definite time, regularly introduces the indicative in old Latin, even where the subjunctive is required in @@ -38580,7 +38571,7 @@ she thought ’twas I</i>. <b>postīculum hoc recēpit, quom aedīs vēndidit</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 194, <i>this back part he excepted, when he sold the house</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1862" id = "sec1862" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1862" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1862.</a></b> <b>cum</b>, <i>when</i>, of definite time, regularly introduces the indicative of any action, not of past time: as,</p> @@ -38591,14 +38582,14 @@ time</i>. <b>cum ego P. Grānium testem prōdūxerō, refellitō, sī poteris</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 154, <i>when I put Granius on the witness stand, refute him if you can</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page316" id = "page316"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page316"> 316</a></span> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1863" id = "sec1863" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1863" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1863.</a></b> With <b>cum</b>, <i>when</i>, the indicative is used of definite past time to date the action of the main clause, as follows:</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1864" id = "sec1864" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1864" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1864.</a></b> (1.) The indicative imperfect is regularly used with <b>cum</b>, <i>when</i>, to denote a continued action parallel and coincident in @@ -38611,7 +38602,7 @@ faciēbat attentiōrem</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 9, 16, 7, <i>as long as you were a man of substance, the fun of making money made you a little close</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1865" id = "sec1865" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1865" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1865.</a></b> (2.) The indicative imperfect is often used with <b>cum</b>, <i>when</i>, denoting a continued action, to date an apodosis in the @@ -38627,7 +38618,7 @@ the helm of state</i>. But when the object of the clause is not distinctly to date the apodosis, its verb is in the subjunctive (<a href = "#sec1872">1872</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1866" id = "sec1866" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1866" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1866.</a></b> (3.) The indicative perfect or present of vivid narration is used with <b>cum</b>, <i>when</i>, to date an apodosis in the perfect or present @@ -38646,7 +38637,7 @@ away</i>. For <b>cum prīmum</b> in narration, see <a href = "#sec1925">1925</a>; for <b>cum extemplō</b>, <a href = "#sec1926">1926</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1867" id = "sec1867" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1867" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1867.</a></b> (4.) The indicative perfect or present of vivid narration is regularly used with <b>cum</b>, <i>when</i>, to denote a momentary action when the @@ -38658,7 +38649,7 @@ came to Gaul, the leaders of one party were the Aeduans, of the other the Sequanians</i>. <b>eō cum veniō, praetor quiēscēbat</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 32, <i>when I got there, the praetor was taking a nap</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1868" id = "sec1868" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1868" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1868.</a></b> An emphatic indicative clause with <b>cum</b>, <i>while</i>, often follows the main action.</p> @@ -38670,7 +38661,7 @@ with the main action, and <b>cum</b> is often attended by longer</i>, <b>quidem</b>, <i>by the way</i>, or <b>tamen</b>, <b>nihilōminus</b>, <i>nevertheless</i>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page317" id = "page317"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page317"> 317</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>caedēbātur virgīs in mediō forō Messānae cīvis Rōmānus, cum intereā nūllus gemitus audiēbātur</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 162, @@ -38683,7 +38674,7 @@ round in one and the same spot</i>. This use is very rare in old Latin. Not in Caesar. With the infinitive of intimation, see <a href = "#sec1539">1539</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1869" id = "sec1869" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1869" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1869.</a></b> An indicative clause with <b>cum</b>, usually expressing sudden or unexpected action, sometimes contains the main idea, and is put @@ -38711,7 +38702,7 @@ married women rushed forward</i>. This use is very rare in old Latin. From Sallust on, it is found occasionally with the infinitive of intimation (<a href = "#sec1539">1539</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1870" id = "sec1870" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1870" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1870.</a></b> A clause with <b>cum</b> is often used attributively with words denoting time, or with <b>est</b>, <b>fuit</b>, or <b>erit</b>.</p> @@ -38735,7 +38726,7 @@ subjunctive is also used with <b>audiō cum</b> (<a href = mihī̆ dēsipere vidēbāre</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 7, 28, 1, <i>I remember when I thought you showed bad taste</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1871" id = "sec1871" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1871" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1871.</a></b> The indicative present or perfect with <b>cum</b> is used in expressions equivalent to an emphasized accusative or ablative of time, the main @@ -38750,11 +38741,11 @@ quom possideō</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 3, <i>’tis many years now I have occupied this house</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page318" id = "page318"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page318"> 318</a></span> <p class = "header size8">WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1872" id = "sec1872" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1872" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1872.</a></b> With <b>cum</b>, <i>when</i>, the imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive is used to describe the circumstances under which the action of the main @@ -38792,7 +38783,7 @@ when it became one of the commonest of constructions. It must not be confounded with the special uses of the subjunctive mentioned in 1859.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1873" id = "sec1873" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1873" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1873.</a></b> The difference in meaning between <b>cum</b> with the indicative and <b>cum</b> with the subjunctive may be illustrated by the following @@ -38817,12 +38808,12 @@ straight into the host, have any thought of pleasures of his own?</i> (<a href = "#sec1872">1872</a>, <a href = "#sec1864">1864</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page319" id = "page319"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page319"> 319</a></span> <p class = "header smallcaps">(B.) Explanatory and Causal <b>cum</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1874" id = "sec1874" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1874" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1874.</a></b> The indicative is often used with explanatory <b>cum</b> when the action of the protasis is coincident with that of the apodosis (<a href = @@ -38840,7 +38831,7 @@ most good by bearing slavery as it should be borne</i>. For similar uses of <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, and <b>quī</b>, see <a href = "#sec1850">1850</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1875" id = "sec1875" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1875" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1875.</a></b> Explanatory <b>cum</b> is also used with verbs of emotion; likewise with <b>grātulor</b> and <b>grātiās agō</b>: as, <b>quom tu ’s līber, @@ -38853,7 +38844,7 @@ letter had such influence</i>. For similar uses of <b>quod</b> and <b>quia</b>, see <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>, <a href = "#sec1852">1852</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1876" id = "sec1876" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1876" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1876.</a></b> Explanatory <b>cum</b> is also used in the sense of <i>since</i>, <i>although</i>, or <i>even though</i>. In these meanings it introduces @@ -38869,7 +38860,7 @@ mad, whereas they are mad themselves</i>. Concession: <b>sat sīc suspectus sum, quom careō noxiā</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 1005, <i>I am enough distrusted as it is, even though I’m void of wrong</i>.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1877" id = "sec1877" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1877" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1877.</a></b> <b>cum</b>, <i>since</i>, <i>although</i>, <i>even though</i>, usually introduces the subjunctive: as,</p> @@ -38893,16 +38884,16 @@ populī Rōmānī cīvitātem susceptus est</b>, <i>Leg.</i> 2, 5, <i>the great Cato, though born at Tusculum, was received into the citizenship of the Roman nation</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page320" id = "page320"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page320"> 320</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1878" id = "sec1878" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1878" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1878.</a></b> This use of the subjunctive is not found in Plautus. It is thought to have begun in the time of Terence, who may have a couple of instances (disputed). Thereafter, it grew common and was the regular mood used with explanatory and causal <b>cum</b> in the classical period.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1879" id = "sec1879" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1879" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1879.</a></b> Explanatory <b>cum</b> is sometimes introduced by <b>quippe</b>, rarely by <b>ut pote</b>, <i>naturally</i>: as,</p> @@ -38919,7 +38910,7 @@ is used once in Cicero’s letters, once by Pollio to Cicero, and in late writers. For <b>quippe</b> and <b>ut pote</b> with a causal relative, see <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1880" id = "sec1880" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1880" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1880.</a></b> The adversative idea is often emphasized by the use of <b>tamen</b> in the main clause: as, <b>cum prīmī ōrdinēs hostium concidissent, tamen @@ -38930,7 +38921,7 @@ resistance</i>.</p> <p class = "header">(C.) <b>cum . . . tum.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1881" id = "sec1881" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1881" href = "#complex_particle_quia">1881.</a></b> A protasis with <b>cum</b> is often followed by an emphatic apodosis introduced by <b>tum</b>.</p> @@ -38958,11 +38949,11 @@ patrēs cōnscrīptōs cum causa tum auctor</b>, L. 9, 10, 1, <i>both the cause and its supporter touched the conscript fathers</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_quoniam" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_quoniam" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quoniam.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1882" id = "sec1882" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1882" href = "#complex_particle_quoniam">1882.</a></b> <b>quoniam</b>, compounded of <b>quom</b> and <b>iam</b>, <i>when now</i>, refers primarily to time, but is seldom so used and only by @@ -38973,9 +38964,9 @@ however, the subjunctive is used, as in indirect discourse (<a href = "#sec1725">1725</a>), or by attraction (<a href = "#sec1728">1728</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page321" id = "page321"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page321"> 321</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1883" id = "sec1883" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1883" href = "#complex_particle_quoniam">1883.</a></b> (1.) <b>quoniam</b>, <i>when now</i>, used of time in early Latin, has sometimes as a correlative <b>continuō</b>, <b>subitō</b>, or @@ -38989,7 +38980,7 @@ ne’er would point it out to his own son</i>, of a hidden treasure. <i>B.</i> 290, <i>when now I saw what was doing, we stopped the ship at once</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1884" id = "sec1884" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1884" href = "#complex_particle_quoniam">1884.</a></b> (2.) <b>quoniam</b>, <i>since</i>, <i>seeing that</i>, <i>now that</i>, with the indicative, introduces a reason, usually one known to the @@ -39014,11 +39005,11 @@ rebuked in numerous letters of Pompey, ‘because they had not kept Caesar off as soon as he came.’</i></p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_quotiens" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_quotiens" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quotiēns</b>, <b>quotiēnscumque</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1885" id = "sec1885" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1885" href = "#complex_particle_quotiens">1885.</a></b> The relative particle <b>quotiēns</b> (<a href = "#sec711">711</a>), or <b>quotiēnscumque</b>, <i>every time that</i>, <i>whenever</i>, @@ -39033,7 +39024,7 @@ vīderit, ingemīscet</b>, <i>Sest.</i> 146, <i>neither shall he fall a-groaning whenever he sees me</i> (<a href = "#sec1736">1736</a>). <b>quotiēnsque</b> is late and rare.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1886" id = "sec1886" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1886" href = "#complex_particle_quotiens">1886.</a></b> <b>quotiēns</b> has sometimes as a correlative <b>totiēns</b>, or a combination with <b>tot</b> which is equivalent to <b>totiēns</b>: as, @@ -39043,7 +39034,7 @@ combination with <b>tot</b> which is equivalent to <b>totiēns</b>: as, <i>Balb.</i> 47, <i>if he had been in the army as many years as he was consul</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1887" id = "sec1887" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1887" href = "#complex_particle_quotiens">1887.</a></b> The subjunctive imperfect and pluperfect are common in the later writers to indicate repeated action (<a href = "#sec1730">1730</a>): as, @@ -39053,12 +39044,12 @@ recourse to astrologers, it was in the upper part of his house and with the cognizance of only a single freedman</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page322" id = "page322"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page322"> 322</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_particle_quam" id = "complex_particle_quam" href +<h6><a id = "complex_particle_quam" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quam.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1888" id = "sec1888" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1888" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1888.</a></b> <b>quam</b>, <i>as</i> or <i>than</i>, introduces an indicative protasis in periods of comparison. For special reasons, however, the subjunctive @@ -39073,7 +39064,7 @@ parts in the protasis (<a href = "#sec1325">1325</a>).</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">With the Indicative.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1889" id = "sec1889" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1889" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1889.</a></b> (1.) <b>quam</b>, <i>as</i>, is used in the protasis of a comparative period of equality, generally with <b>tam</b> as correlative in the @@ -39100,7 +39091,7 @@ Verres did</i>. <b>domus erat nōn dominō magis ōrnāmentō quam cīvitātī</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 5, <i>the house was as much a pride to the state as to its owner</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1890" id = "sec1890" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1890" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1890.</a></b> Instead of <b>tam</b>, another correlative is sometimes used in the apodosis. Thus, <b>aequē . . . quam</b> occurs in Plautus and @@ -39109,21 +39100,21 @@ in Livy and later writers, generally after a negative expression; ... quam</b> once in Livy. Sometimes the apodosis contains no correlative.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1891" id = "sec1891" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1891" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1891.</a></b> <b>tam . . . quam</b> become by abridgement coordinating words: as,</p> <p class = "fourth"><b>tam vēra quam falsa cernimus</b>, <i>Ac.</i> 2, 111, <i>we make out things both true and false</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1892" id = "sec1892" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1892" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1892.</a></b> The highest possible degree is expressed by <b>tam . . . quam quī</b> and a superlative without a verb; or by <b>quam</b> and a superlative with or without a form of <b>possum</b> (<a href = "#sec1466">1466</a>); sometimes by <b>quantus</b> or <b>ut</b>: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1892a" id = "sec1892a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1892a">a.</a></i>) <b>tam sum misericors quam vōs; tam mītis quam quī lēnissimus</b>, <i>Sull.</i> 87, <i>I am as tender-hearted as you; as mild as the gentlest man living</i>. <b>tam sum amīcus rē̆ī pūblicae quam quī @@ -39140,15 +39131,15 @@ without any superlative: <b>fuge domum quantum potest</b>, Pl. accūrātissimē tē tūtātus sum</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 5, 17, 2, <i>I defended you as carefully as I could</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page323" id = "page323"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page323"> 323</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1893" id = "sec1893" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1893" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1893.</a></b> <b>quam . . . tam</b>, with two comparatives or superlatives, is equivalent to the more common <b>quō . . . eō</b> with two comparatives (<a href = "#sec1973">1973</a>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1893a" id = "sec1893a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1893a">a.</a></i>) <b>magis quam id reputō, tam magis ūror</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 1091, <i>the more I think it over, the sorer do I feel</i>. This use is found in Plautus, Lucretius, and Vergil. (<i>b.</i>) <b>quam quisque pessumē @@ -39156,7 +39147,7 @@ fēcit, tam maxumē tūtus est</b>, S. <i>I.</i> 31, 14, <i>the worse a man has acted, the safer he always is</i>. This use is found in Plautus, Terence, Cato, Varro, and Sallust.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1894" id = "sec1894" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1894" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1894.</a></b> (2.) <b>quam</b>, <i>than</i>, is used in the protasis of a comparative period of inequality, with a comparative in the apodosis: as,</p> @@ -39177,7 +39168,7 @@ quam</b> in Cicero, Livy, and late writers (<b>īnfrā quam</b> also in Varro); <b>extrā quam</b> in Ennius, Cato, and in legal and official language in Cicero and Livy.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1895" id = "sec1895" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1895" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1895.</a></b> <b>quam</b> is also used with some virtual comparatives: thus, <b>nihil aliud</b>, <b>nōn aliud quam</b>, <i>no other than</i>, often as adverb, @@ -39186,7 +39177,7 @@ than</i>; <b>bis tantō quam</b>, <i>twice as much as</i>; and <b>prae quam</b> in old Latin, <i>in comparison with how</i>; and similar phrases: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1895a" id = "sec1895a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1895a">a.</a></i>) <b>per bīduum nihil aliud quam stetērunt parātī ad pugnandum</b>, L. 34, 46, 7, <i>for two days they merely stood in battle array</i>. This use occurs first in Sallust, then in Nepos, Livy, and later writers. @@ -39217,13 +39208,13 @@ quam</b>, see <a href = "#sec1911">1911</a>, <a href = <p class = "header smallcaps">With the Subjunctive.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1896" id = "sec1896" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1896" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1896.</a></b> The subjunctive is used with <b>quam</b> or <b>quam ut</b> after comparatives denoting disproportion (<a href = "#sec1461">1461</a>): as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page324" id = "page324"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page324"> 324</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>quicquid erat oneris Segestānīs impōnēbat, aliquantō amplius quam ferre possent</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 76, <i>he would @@ -39239,7 +39230,7 @@ down</i>, says infatuated Niobe. All these sentences are extensions of the subjunctive of action conceivable (<a href = "#sec1554">1554</a>, <a href = "#sec1818">1818</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1897" id = "sec1897" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1897" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1897.</a></b> The subjunctive is used in clauses introduced by <b>potius quam</b>, <i>rather than</i>, to denote action merely assumed. <b>citius</b>, @@ -39261,7 +39252,7 @@ ut</b>. All these sentences are extensions of the subjunctive of desire <p class = "header smallcaps">With the Infinitive.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1898" id = "sec1898" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1898" href = "#complex_particle_quam">1898.</a></b> When the main clause is an infinitive, <b>quam</b> is often followed by an infinitive: as,</p> @@ -39274,11 +39265,11 @@ were heard that they would live on the bark of trees sooner than let Pompey slip through their fingers</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_quamquam" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_quamquam" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quamquam.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1899" id = "sec1899" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1899" href = "#complex_particle_quamquam">1899.</a></b> <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">(1.</ins>) <b>quamquam</b> is used in old Latin as an indefinite adverb, <i>ever so much</i>, @@ -39292,16 +39283,16 @@ aid to lend</i>. <b>id quoque possum ferre, quamquam iniūriumst</b>, T. <i>Ad.</i> 205, <i>that also I can bear, however so unfair</i>. From an adverb, <b>quamquam</b> became a conjunction, <i>although</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1900" id = "sec1900" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1900" href = "#complex_particle_quamquam">1900.</a></b> (2.) <b>quamquam</b>, <i>although</i>, introduces the indicative in the concession of a definite fact. In the later writers it is also sometimes used with the subjunctive, sometimes with a participle or an adjective.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page325" id = "page325"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page325"> 325</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1900a" id = "sec1900a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1900a">a.</a></i>) <b>quamquam premuntur aere aliēnō, dominātiōnem tamen exspectant</b>, <i>C.</i> 2, 19, <i>though they are staggering under debt, they yet look forward to being lords and masters</i>. <b>quamquam nōn vēnit ad fīnem @@ -39325,24 +39316,24 @@ allegiance to Otho, did not hold out long either</i>. This use is found once each in Cicero and Sallust, half a dozen times in Livy, oftener in Tacitus.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1901" id = "sec1901" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1901" href = "#complex_particle_quamquam">1901.</a></b> The subjunctive is also used often with <b>quamquam</b> for special reasons, as by attraction (<a href = "#sec1728">1728</a>), in indirect discourse (<a href = "#sec1725">1725</a>), and of action conceivable (<a href = "#sec1731">1731</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1902" id = "sec1902" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1902" href = "#complex_particle_quamquam">1902.</a></b> For <b>quamquam</b> appending a fresh main sentence, see <a href = "#sec2153">2153</a>; for its use with the infinitive, 2317.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_quamvis" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_quamvis" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quam vīs</b> or <b>quamvīs</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1903" id = "sec1903" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1903" href = "#complex_particle_quamvis">1903.</a></b> <b>quam vīs</b> or <b>quamvīs</b> is used as an indefinite adverb (<a href = "#sec712">712</a>), <i>as much as you please</i>, and is often @@ -39358,7 +39349,7 @@ paucī adīre audent</b>, 4, 2, 5, <i>the merest handful dares attack</i>. <b>quamvīs</b> is also sometimes used to strengthen a superlative (<a href = "#sec1466">1466</a>), though not in classical prose.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1904" id = "sec1904" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1904" href = "#complex_particle_quamvis">1904.</a></b> (1.) The indefinite adverb <b>quam vīs</b>, <i>as much as you please</i>, is often used in subjunctive clauses of concession or @@ -39378,7 +39369,7 @@ find some dangerous tribunes</i> (<a href = "#sec1710">1710</a>). The combination with <b>licet</b> occurs first in Lucretius, then in Cicero.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page326" id = "page326"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page326"> 326</a></span> <p class = "fourth">Instead of <b>vīs</b>, other forms are sometimes used: as, <b>volumus</b>, <b>volent</b>, <b>velit</b>, &c.: thus, @@ -39390,7 +39381,7 @@ understand it as much as he likes, he will never shake me</i>. From an adverb, <b>quam vīs</b> became a conjunction, <i>however much</i>, <i>even if</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1905" id = "sec1905" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1905" href = "#complex_particle_quamvis">1905.</a></b> (2.) The subjunctive with the conjunction <b>quamvīs</b>, <i>however much</i>, <i>even if</i>, <i>though</i>, denotes action merely assumed; @@ -39398,7 +39389,7 @@ when the action is to be denoted as real, <b>ut</b> or <b>sīcut</b> or the like, with the indicative, usually follows in the best prose (<a href = "#sec1943">1943</a>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1905a" id = "sec1905a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1905a">a.</a></i>) <b>quamvīs sint hominēs quī Cn. Carbōnem ōderint, tamen hī dēbent quid metuendum sit cōgitāre</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 39, <i>though there may be men who hate Carbo, still these men ought to consider what they have to @@ -39420,7 +39411,7 @@ notābiliter, quamvīs palleat semper</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 1, 5, 13, <b>maestus erat, quamvīs laetitiam simulāret</b>, Ta. 15, 54, <i>sad he was, though he pretended to be gay</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1906" id = "sec1906" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1906" href = "#complex_particle_quamvis">1906.</a></b> <b>quamvīs</b>, <i>even if</i>, <i>though</i>, is also sometimes used with the indicative (<a href = "#sec1900">1900</a>): as,</p> @@ -39433,7 +39424,7 @@ This use occurs twice in Lucretius, once in Cicero, Nepos, and Livy each, in Varro, in the Augustan poets, and sometimes in late writers. Not in Tacitus, Pliny the younger, Juvenal, Martial, or Suetonius.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1907" id = "sec1907" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1907" href = "#complex_particle_quamvis">1907.</a></b> It may be mentioned here that the indefinite adverb <b>quamlibet</b>, <i>however you please</i>, is used in subjunctive clauses of concession @@ -39443,11 +39434,11 @@ a construction sometimes found with <b>quamvīs</b> in late writers.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_tamquam" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_tamquam" href = "#complex_particle"><b>tamquam.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1908" id = "sec1908" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1908" href = "#complex_particle_tamquam">1908.</a></b> <b>tamquam</b>, <i>just as</i>, introduces an indicative protasis in periods of comparison.</p> @@ -39456,7 +39447,7 @@ periods of comparison.</p> is attracted to the protasis. <b>tamquam</b> has sometimes as correlative <b>sīc</b> or <b>ita</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page327" id = "page327"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page327"> 327</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>tē hortor ut tamquam poētae bonī solent, sīc tū in extrēmā parte mūneris tuī dīligentissimus sīs</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 1, 1, @@ -39474,7 +39465,7 @@ is, you may say, a regular work of Daedalus</i>. <b>oculī tamquam speculātōrēs altissimum locum obtinent</b>, <i>DN.</i> 2, 140, <i>the eyes occupy the highest part, as a sort of watchmen</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1909" id = "sec1909" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1909" href = "#complex_particle_tamquam">1909.</a></b> In late writers, especially in Tacitus, <b>tamquam</b> is often used to introduce a reason or motive, or a thought indirectly expressed: as,</p> @@ -39489,17 +39480,17 @@ prosecution of all the defendants’</i> (<a href = "#sec1852">1852</a>, incenderit aedīs</b>, J. 3, 222, <i>suspected of having set his own house afire</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1910" id = "sec1910" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1910" href = "#complex_particle_tamquam">1910.</a></b> For <b>tamquam</b> instead of <b>tamquam sī</b>, see <a href = "#sec2118">2118</a>; with a participle, 2121.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_antequam" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_antequam" href = "#complex_particle"><b>antequam</b>, <b>priusquam</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1911" id = "sec1911" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1911" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1911.</a></b> <b>antequam</b> and <b>priusquam</b> accompany both the indicative and the subjunctive.</p> @@ -39515,7 +39506,7 @@ Tacitus.</p> <p class = "header size8">IN GENERAL STATEMENTS.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1912" id = "sec1912" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1912" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1912.</a></b> In general present statements, <b>antequam</b> and <b>priusquam</b> regularly introduce the perfect indicative or the present subjunctive: @@ -39538,10 +39529,10 @@ in the indefinite second person (<a href = "#sec1030">1030</a>): as, <b>prius quam</b>, <i>sooner than</i>, see <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page328" id = "page328"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page328"> 328</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1913" id = "sec1913" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1913" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1913.</a></b> The future indicative is used a few times in general statements by old and late writers, and the perfect subjunctive after a negative clause @@ -39557,7 +39548,7 @@ sit</b>, <i>Inv.</i> 2, 160, <i>foresight is the faculty through which a future event is seen before it has taken place</i>. He also has the present indicative once: <i>Div.</i> 1, 120.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1914" id = "sec1914" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1914" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1914.</a></b> In general past statements <b>antequam</b> and <b>priusquam</b> introduce the subjunctive imperfect or pluperfect; but this use is very @@ -39570,7 +39561,7 @@ oftentimes cut off, before it could do the government any good</i>.</p> <p class = "header size8">IN PARTICULAR STATEMENTS.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1915" id = "sec1915" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1915" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1915.</a></b> In particular present or future statements, <b>antequam</b> and <b>priusquam</b> introduce a present, either indicative or subjunctive; @@ -39598,7 +39589,7 @@ prōmittō quicquam neque respondeō prius quam gnātum vīderō</b>, T. before I see my son</i> (<a href = "#sec1593">1593</a>). Tacitus uses neither the present indicative nor the future perfect.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1916" id = "sec1916" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1916" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1916.</a></b> In old Latin the future and the perfect subjunctive also occur: as,</p> @@ -39610,16 +39601,16 @@ recipī, quam illam āmīserim</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 1095. <i>on no terms can I take my new love to the house, before I’ve let the old love drop</i>; but usually the perfect subjunctive is due to indirect discourse.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1917" id = "sec1917" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1917" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1917.</a></b> In particular past statements <b>antequam</b> and <b>priusquam</b> introduce the perfect indicative, especially when the apodosis is negative. The imperfect subjunctive rarely occurs, chiefly in late writers.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page329" id = "page329"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page329"> 329</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1917a" id = "sec1917a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1917a">a.</a></i>) <b>omnia ista ante facta sunt quam iste Ītaliam attigit</b>, <i>V.</i> 2, 161, <i>all these incidents occurred before the defendant set foot in Italy</i>. <b>neque prius fugere dēstitērunt quam ad Rhēnum @@ -39632,7 +39623,7 @@ seen before they drew near to the camp</i>. This use of the imperfect subjunctive, not to be confounded with that mentioned in 1919, is not found in old Latin or in Cicero. It is found in Nepos and Livy.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1918" id = "sec1918" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1918" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1918.</a></b> The present indicative also occurs in particular past statements in old Latin: as, <b>is priusquam moritur mihi dedit</b>, Pl. <i>Cu.</i> 637, @@ -39640,7 +39631,7 @@ Latin: as, <b>is priusquam moritur mihi dedit</b>, Pl. <i>Cu.</i> 637, four times in Livy and once in late Latin, the pluperfect once in old Latin and once in Cicero.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1919" id = "sec1919" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1919" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1919.</a></b> When the action of the protasis was forestalled, or when action conceivable or purpose is expressed, <b>antequam</b> and @@ -39658,7 +39649,7 @@ present and perfect subjunctive occur rarely, generally when the main clause contains a present of vivid narration (<a href = "#sec1590">1590</a>). The imperfect is not found in old Latin.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1920" id = "sec1920" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1920" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1920.</a></b> The perfect indicative or imperfect subjunctive with <b>antequam</b> is often used attributively with nouns denoting time: as,</p> @@ -39674,7 +39665,7 @@ nummūm sē iūdicium conruptūrum dīxerat</b>, <i>Clu.</i> 68, <i>Stajenus had said two years before he undertook the case, that he would bribe the court for six hundred thousand sesterces</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1921" id = "sec1921" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1921" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1921.</a></b> The pluperfect subjunctive is rarely introduced by <b>antequam</b> or <b>priusquam</b> except in indirect discourse: as,</p> @@ -39687,7 +39678,7 @@ gustāssent Trōiae Xanthumque bibissent</b>, V. 1, 472, <i>he drave the horses off to camp, or ever they should taste of Troja’s grass and Xanthus drink</i> (<a href = "#sec1725">1725</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1922" id = "sec1922" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1922" href = "#complex_particle_antequam">1922.</a></b> It may be mentioned here that <b>postrīdiē quam</b> and <b>prīdiē quam</b> occur a few times in Plautus and Cicero with the indicative; @@ -39696,16 +39687,16 @@ quam</b> with the subjunctive in Livy, Valerius Maximus, and Suetonius.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page330" id = "page330"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page330"> 330</a></span> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_posteaquam" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_posteaquam" href = "#complex_particle"><b>posteā quam</b> or <b>postquam</b>.</a></h6> <p class = "header"><b>ubī̆</b>, <b>ut</b>, <b>cum prīmum</b>, <b>simul atque</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1923" id = "sec1923" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1923" href = "#complex_particle_posteaquam">1923.</a></b> With <b>posteā quam</b>, <b>postquam</b> (<b>posquam</b>), <i>after</i>, the following words may conveniently be treated: <b>ubī̆</b>, <b>ut</b>, @@ -39721,7 +39712,7 @@ prīmum</b>, <b>simul atque</b>, accompany the indicative.</p> <p class = "fourth">For examples of the use of tenses, see <a href = "#sec1924">1924-1934</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1924" id = "sec1924" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1924" href = "#complex_particle_posteaquam">1924.</a></b> In clauses introduced by <b>posteā quam</b> or <b>postquam</b>, the imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive, found a dozen times in the @@ -39738,7 +39729,7 @@ Tacitus (<a href = "#sec1539">1539</a>): as, <b>postquam exuī aequālitās, prōvēnēre dominātiōnēs</b>, Ta. 3, 26, <i>after equality between man and man was dropped, there came a crop of tyrants</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1925" id = "sec1925" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1925" href = "#complex_particle_posteaquam">1925.</a></b> In narration the perfect indicative is regularly used in clauses introduced by <b>postquam</b>, <b>ubī̆</b>, <b>ut</b>, <b>cum @@ -39771,12 +39762,12 @@ equitēs cōnspexērunt, impetū factō celeriter nostrōs perturbāvērunt</b>, attacked and threw our men into disorder</i>. The conjunction <b>simul atque</b> is very rarely found in old Latin.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1926" id = "sec1926" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1926" href = "#complex_particle_posteaquam">1926.</a></b> The present indicative of vivid narration (<a href = "#sec1590">1590</a>) sometimes occurs: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page331" id = "page331"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page331"> 331</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>postquam iam puerī septuennēs sunt, pater onerāvit nāvim magnam</b>, Pl. <i>Men. prol.</i> 24, <i>after the boys @@ -39798,7 +39789,7 @@ adopted the policy of a savage tyrant</i>. Plautus uses also <b>quom extemplō</b>. Such protases often take on a causal sense (see also <a href = "#sec1930">1930</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1927" id = "sec1927" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1927" href = "#complex_particle_posteaquam">1927.</a></b> The present or perfect with <b>postquam</b> or <b>ut</b> is sometimes used in expressions equivalent to an emphasized accusative or ablative @@ -39811,7 +39802,7 @@ Rome was founded</i>. <b>domō ut abiērunt hic tertius annus</b>, Pl. eighth year since you acquired empire</i>. For a similar use of <b>cum</b>, see <a href = "#sec1871">1871</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1928" id = "sec1928" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1928" href = "#complex_particle_posteaquam">1928.</a></b> The pluperfect with <b>postquam</b>, denoting resulting state (<a href = "#sec1615">1615</a>), occurs less frequently: as,</p> @@ -39825,7 +39816,7 @@ was fairly riveted on the engagement, that instant they fell upon the Romans in the rear</i>. Not in Plautus, once in Terence, and rare in classical writers.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1929" id = "sec1929" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1929" href = "#complex_particle_posteaquam">1929.</a></b> The pluperfect, less frequently the perfect, with <b>postquam</b> is used attributively with nouns denoting time.</p> @@ -39843,7 +39834,7 @@ tertium gesta rēs est quam dīxerat</b>, <i>Mil.</i> 44, <i>the deed was done the next day but one after he said it</i>. See <a href = "#sec2419">2419</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1930" id = "sec1930" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1930" href = "#complex_particle_posteaquam">1930.</a></b> The imperfect with <b>postquam</b> expresses action continuing into the time of the main action. Such a protasis, especially when negative, @@ -39855,7 +39846,7 @@ himself, went back home</i>. <b>posteā quam ē scaenā explōdēbātur, cōnfūgit in huius domum</b>, <i>RC.</i> 30, <i>after being repeatedly hissed off the stage, he took refuge in my client’s house</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page332" id = "page332"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page332"> 332</a></span> <p class = "fourth">In old Latin this use is found only once, in Plautus; it is most common in Livy, but occurs frequently in Tacitus. So @@ -39876,7 +39867,7 @@ occasionally in this use with the present in the main clause: as, vecta’s, crēdō timida ‘s</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 106, <i>for after your voyage, of course you’re nervous</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1931" id = "sec1931" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1931" href = "#complex_particle_posteaquam">1931.</a></b> <b>postquam</b> and <b>ut</b> have sometimes the meaning of <i>ever since</i> or <i>as long as</i>: as,</p> @@ -39893,11 +39884,11 @@ illōs dē rē pūblicā librōs ēdidistī, nihil ā tē posteā accēpimus</b> work On the State</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_particle_simul" id = "complex_particle_simul" +<h6><a id = "complex_particle_simul" href = "#complex_particle"><b>ubī̆</b>, <b>ut</b>, <b>simul atque</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1932" id = "sec1932" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1932" href = "#complex_particle_simul">1932.</a></b> <b>ubī̆</b>, <b>ut</b>, or <b>simul atque</b> (<b>ac</b>) often introduces a clause denoting indefinite or repeated action: as,</p> @@ -39926,12 +39917,12 @@ and perfect. The subjunctive is found with <b>ubī̆</b> and <b>ut quisque</b> in cases of repeated past action (<a href = "#sec1730">1730</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1933" id = "sec1933" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1933" href = "#complex_particle_simul">1933.</a></b> <b>ubī̆</b>, <b>ut</b>, or <b>simul atque</b> rarely introduces an imperfect or pluperfect of definite time: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page333" id = "page333"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page333"> 333</a></span> <p class = "fifth"><b>quid ubi reddēbās aurum, dīxistī patrī</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 685, <i>what did you tell your father when you were returning @@ -39943,7 +39934,7 @@ advanced double quick upon the enemy’s camp</i> (<a href = "#sec1930">1930</a>). The use of these tenses referring to definite time is very rare in old Latin, and found only with <b>ut</b> in Cicero.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1934" id = "sec1934" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1934" href = "#complex_particle_simul">1934.</a></b> <b>ubī̆</b> or <b>simul atque</b>, referring to definite time, introduces the future or future perfect, when the apodosis is also @@ -39962,11 +39953,11 @@ also <b>quom extemplō</b> in this use, and Pliny the Younger <b>ut primum</b>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_uti" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_uti" href = "#complex_particle"><b>utī</b> or <b>ut</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1935" id = "sec1935" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1935" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1935.</a></b> The relative adverb <b>utī</b> or <b>ut</b> (<a href = "#sec711">711</a>) is found in the oldest Latin in the form <b>utei</b>, @@ -39980,7 +39971,7 @@ in questions, 1568.</p> <p class = "header">(A.) <b>ut</b>, <i>where</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1936" id = "sec1936" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1936" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1936.</a></b> <b>utī</b> or <b>ut</b> in the rare signification of <i>where</i>, accompanies the indicative: as, <b>atque in eōpse adstās lapide, ut @@ -39997,7 +39988,7 @@ there in Lucilius, Catullus, Cicero’s <i>Aratēa</i>, and Vergil. <p class = "header">(B.) <b>ut</b>, <i>as</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1937" id = "sec1937" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1937" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1937.</a></b> The indicative is used in the protasis of a comparative period introduced by <b>utī</b> or <b>ut</b>, <i>as</i>.</p> @@ -40015,7 +40006,7 @@ which classical Latin would employ the indirect question, see <a href = "#sec1791">1791</a>. For coordinated comparative sentences without <b>ut</b>, see <a href = "#sec1704">1704</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page334" id = "page334"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page334"> 334</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>perge ut īnstituistī</b>, <i>RP.</i> 2, 22, <i>go on as you have begun</i>. <b>ut volēs mēd esse, ita erō</b>, Pl. @@ -40030,7 +40021,7 @@ you can find every fruit in every field</i> (<a href = ego hunc auscultō lubēns</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 496, <i>so help me heaven, as I am glad to hear this man</i> (<a href = "#sec1622">1622</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1938" id = "sec1938" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1938" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1938.</a></b> <b>ut . . . ita</b> or <b>sīc</b>, <i>as . . . so</i>, often stand where concessive and adversative conjunctions might be used; <i>while @@ -40047,7 +40038,7 @@ while he was an unjust king in peace, he was not a bad leader in war</i>. This adversative correlation is found sometimes in Cicero, but is far more common in late writers.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1939" id = "sec1939" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1939" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1939.</a></b> <b>ut quisque</b>, commonly with a superlative expression, is used in the protasis of a comparative period of equality, with <b>ita</b> or @@ -40066,7 +40057,7 @@ abridged: as, <b>sapientissimus quisque aequissimō animō moritur</b>, <i>the best teachers always revel in large classes</i>. See <a href = "#sec2397">2397</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1940" id = "sec1940" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1940" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1940.</a></b> <b>ut</b> often introduces a parenthetical idea, particularly a general truth or a habit which accounts for the special fact expressed in the @@ -40092,12 +40083,12 @@ Aequians alarmed and irresolute, and naturally, since they had passed a great many years without fighting</i> (<a href = "#sec1824">1824</a>, <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1941" id = "sec1941" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1941" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1941.</a></b> <b>ut</b>, <i>as for example</i>, is used in illustrations, particularly in abridged sentences (<a href = "#sec1057">1057</a>): as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page335" id = "page335"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page335"> 335</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>genus est quod plūrēs partēs amplectitur, ut ‘animal.’ pars est, quae subest generī, ut ‘equos,’</b> <i>Inv.</i> 1, @@ -40108,7 +40099,7 @@ ut in canibus</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 5, 38, <i>there are brutes in which there is a something like the moral quality of man, as for instance the lion and the dog</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1942" id = "sec1942" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1942" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1942.</a></b> The parenthetical clause with <b>ut</b> or <b>prout</b> sometimes makes an allowance for the meaning of a word, usually an adjective, in the @@ -40130,7 +40121,7 @@ in homine Rōmānō, litterae</b>, <i>CM.</i> 12, <i>furthermore, extensive reading, that is for a Roman</i>. <b>ut illīs temporibus, praedīves</b>, L. 4, 13, 1, <i>a millionaire, for those times</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1943" id = "sec1943" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1943" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1943.</a></b> <b>ut</b>, <i>as indeed</i>, <i>as in fact</i>, with the indicative, is used to represent that an action supposed, conceded, or commanded, @@ -40144,7 +40135,7 @@ fact it was</i>. This use begins in the classical period. It is found particularly with <b>quamvīs</b>, 1905; with <b>sī</b>, see <a href = "#sec2017">2017</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1944" id = "sec1944" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1944" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1944.</a></b> <b>ut</b>, <i>as</i>, <i>like</i>, sometimes shows that a noun used predicatively is not literally applicable, but expresses an imputed @@ -40162,7 +40153,7 @@ barber-girls</i>. In an untrue or a merely figurative comparison <b>tamquam</b> (<a href = "#sec1908">1908</a>) or <b>quasi</b> is used.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1945" id = "sec1945" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1945" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1945.</a></b> In old Latin, <b>prae</b> is combined with <b>ut</b>: <b>praeut</b>, <i>compared with how</i>: as, <b>parum etiam, praeut futūrumst, @@ -40173,7 +40164,7 @@ praeut huius rabiēs quae dabit</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 300, <i>he’ll say the other was but sport and play, compared with what this youth will in his frenzy do</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1946" id = "sec1946" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1946" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1946.</a></b> In Plautus <b>sīcut</b>, with the indicative, has once or twice the meaning of <i>since</i>: as, <b>quīn tū illam iubē abs tē abīre quō @@ -40182,7 +40173,7 @@ lubet: sīcut soror eius hūc gemina vēnit Ephesum</b>, <i>MG.</i> 974, sister here to Ephesus is come</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page336" id = "page336"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page336"> 336</a></span> <p class = "header size8">WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.</p> @@ -40190,7 +40181,7 @@ sister here to Ephesus is come</i>.</p> <span class = "smallroman">NEGATIVE</span> <b>ut nē</b>, <b>nē</b>, or <b>ut nōn</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1947" id = "sec1947" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1947" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1947.</a></b> The subjunctive with <b>ut</b> is: (A.) That of action desired (<a href = "#sec1540">1540</a>), in clauses of purpose; in these the negative is @@ -40205,7 +40196,7 @@ belongs to a single word. (B.) That of action conceivable (<a href = emphasis on the negative, <b>nēmō ut</b>, <b>nūllus ut</b>, <b>nihil ut</b>; also <b>vix ut</b>, <b>paene ut</b>, <b>prope ut</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1948" id = "sec1948" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1948" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1948.</a></b> Final and consecutive clauses with <b>ut</b> are of two classes: I. Complementary clauses, that is, such as are an essential complement of @@ -40220,12 +40211,12 @@ complete the sense of a verb.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">I. Complementary Final Clauses.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1949" id = "sec1949" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1949" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1949.</a></b> (1.) The subjunctive with <b>ut</b> or <b>nē</b> is used in clauses which serve to complete the sense of verbs of will or aim.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1950" id = "sec1950" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1950" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1950.</a></b> (a.) Verbs of will include those of desire, request, advice, resolution, stipulation, command, or permission.</p> @@ -40247,7 +40238,7 @@ stipulation: <b>dēcernō</b>, <b>statuō</b>, <i>decree</i>, <i>allow</i>, <b>permittō</b>, <b>committō</b>, <b>potestātem faciō</b>, <b>veniam dō</b>, <b>sinō</b>, <b>nōn patior</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1951" id = "sec1951" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1951" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1951.</a></b> (b.) Verbs of aim include those of striving, accomplishing, or inducing; such are:</p> @@ -40262,9 +40253,9 @@ indūcō</b>, <b>temptō</b>, <b>operam dō</b>, <b>labōrō</b>, <b>adipīscor</b>. inducing: <b>moveō</b>, <b>excitō</b>, <b>incitō</b>, <b>impellō</b>, <b>perpellō</b>, <b>cōgō</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page337" id = "page337"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page337"> 337</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1951a" id = "sec1951a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1951a">a.</a></i>) <b>optāvit ut in currum patris tollerētur</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 94, <i>he asked to be lifted into his father’s chariot</i>. <b>optō nē sē illa gēns moveat</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 12, 19, 2, <i>I hope and pray that @@ -40284,7 +40275,7 @@ do the same</i>. <b>suīs imperāvit nē quod omnīnō tēlum rēicerent</b>, dēsereret</b>, 1, 45, 1, <i>that his practice and that of the Roman nation would not allow him to desert his allies</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1951b" id = "sec1951b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1951b">b.</a></i>) <b>neque id agere ut exercitum teneat ipse, sed nē illī habeant quō contrā sē ūtī possint</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 1, 85, 11, <i>and that his object was not to hold the army himself, but to prevent the other side @@ -40305,14 +40296,14 @@ pūblicam sentīret</b>, S. <i>C.</i> 26, 4, <i>by agreeing to let Antony have a province, he had induced him not to be disaffected toward the government</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1952" id = "sec1952" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1952" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1952.</a></b> Many of these verbs often have a coordinated subjunctive (<a href = "#sec1705">1705-1713</a>), or, according to the meaning, admit other constructions, which must in general be learned by reading, or from the dictionary. The following points may be noticed:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1953" id = "sec1953" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1953" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1953.</a></b> (a.) The verbs of resolving, <b>statuō</b>, <b>cōnstituō</b>, and <b>dēcernō</b>, and of striving, <b>nītor</b>, and <b>temptō</b>, have @@ -40325,7 +40316,7 @@ construction as <b>volō</b>, especially in old Latin (<a href = "#sec2194">2194</a>). For <b>imperō</b>, see <a href = "#sec2202">2202</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1954" id = "sec1954" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1954" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1954.</a></b> (b.) Some of the above verbs, with the meaning <i>think</i> or <i>say</i>, have the accusative with the infinitive (<a href = @@ -40334,19 +40325,19 @@ construction as <b>volō</b>, especially in old Latin (<a href = <b>statuō</b>, <i>assume</i>, <b>dēcernō</b>, <i>judge</i>, <b>moneō</b>, <i>remind</i>, <b>persuādeō</b>, <i>convince</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1955" id = "sec1955" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1955" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1955.</a></b> (c.) Verbs of accomplishing sometimes express result rather than purpose, and when the result is negative, are completed by a clause with <b>ut nōn</b> (<a href = "#sec1965">1965</a>). For the infinitive with such verbs, see <a href = "#sec2196">2196</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1956" id = "sec1956" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1956" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1956.</a></b> <b>est</b> with a predicate noun is sometimes equivalent to a verb of will or aim, and has the same construction.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page338" id = "page338"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page338"> 338</a></span> <p class = "fourth">So with words like <b>iūs</b>, <b>lēx</b>, <b>mūnus</b>, &c.: as, <b>iūs esse bellī ut quī vīcissent hīs quōs @@ -40360,7 +40351,7 @@ that a man harm nobody</i>. <b>nam id arbitror adprīmē in vītā esse ūtile, ‘ut nē quid nimis,’</b> T. <i>Andr.</i> 60, <i>for this I hold to be a rule in life that’s passing useful, ‘naught in overplus.’</i></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1957" id = "sec1957" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1957" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1957.</a></b> (2.) The subjunctive with <b>ut</b> or <b>nē</b> is used in clauses which complete expressions of fear, anxiety, or danger.</p> @@ -40395,7 +40386,7 @@ nē hoc officium meum P. Servīliō nōn probem</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 82, of Servilius</i>. For <b>nōn metuō quīn</b>, see <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1958" id = "sec1958" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1958" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1958.</a></b> <b>vereor nē</b> is often equivalent to <i>I rather think</i>, and <b>vereor ut</b> to <i>hardly</i>. <b>vidē (videāmus, videndum est) @@ -40408,13 +40399,13 @@ mea coniectūra multō sit <ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">vērior,</ins></b> <i>Clu.</i> 97, <i>I rather think my conjecture is in better keeping with the facts</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1959" id = "sec1959" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1959" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1959.</a></b> Other constructions with expressions of fear are: (<i>a.</i>) Indirect question. (<i>b.</i>) Accusative with infinitive. (<i>c.</i>) Complementary infinitive: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1959a" id = "sec1959a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1959a">a.</a></i>) <b>erī semper lēnitās verēbar quorsum ēvāderet</b>, T. <i>Andr.</i> 175, <i>I was afraid how master’s always gentleness would end</i>. <b>timeō quid sit</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 620, <i>I have my fears what @@ -40428,9 +40419,9 @@ fear being charged with aspiring to a throne?</i> 269, <i>I am afraid to disgrace you with praise to the face</i> (<a href = "#sec2168">2168</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page339" id = "page339"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page339"> 339</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1960" id = "sec1960" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1960" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1960.</a></b> (3.) The subjunctive with <b>nē</b> is used in clauses which serve to complete the sense of verbs of avoiding, hindering, and resisting.</p> @@ -40461,7 +40452,7 @@ writing more</i>. <b>nē qua sibī̆ statua pōnerētur restitit</b>, N. 25, <p class = "header smallcaps">II. Pure Final Clauses.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1961" id = "sec1961" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1961" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1961.</a></b> The subjunctive with <b>ut</b> or <b>nē</b> is used to denote the purpose of the main action.</p> @@ -40503,9 +40494,9 @@ the interests of individuals as well, but with this restriction, that our action may benefit, or at any rate may not damage the country</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page340" id = "page340"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page340"> 340</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1962" id = "sec1962" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1962" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1962.</a></b> The subjunctive with <b>ut</b> or <b>nē</b> is often used not to express the purpose of the main action, but in a parenthetical clause, as though @@ -40528,7 +40519,7 @@ negative idea. From Livy on, the verb may be omitted: as, <b>vix clāmōrem eōrum, nēdum impetum tulēre</b>, L. 34, 20, 7, <i>they hardly stood their war cry, much less their charge</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1963" id = "sec1963" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1963" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1963.</a></b> The subjunctive is used in an assumption or concession with <b>ut</b> or <b>nē</b>, or if the negation belongs to a single word, with <b>ut @@ -40553,7 +40544,7 @@ even supposing he had asked nobody but Patina, he might have known that a priest must be appointed</i>. This use is common in Cicero, not found in Plautus or Sallust.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1964" id = "sec1964" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1964" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1964.</a></b> The subjunctive with <b>ut</b> or <b>nē</b>, generally with <b>ita</b> as a correlative, sometimes has the force of a proviso: as,</p> @@ -40570,13 +40561,13 @@ ancestors</i>.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">I. Complementary Consecutive Clauses.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1965" id = "sec1965" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1965" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1965.</a></b> The subjunctive with <b>ut</b> or <b>ut nōn</b> is used in clauses which serve to complete the sense of certain verbs and expressions, chiefly of bringing to pass, happening, and following.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page341" id = "page341"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page341"> 341</a></span> <p class = "fifth">Such are: (<i>a.</i>) <b>faciō</b>, <b>efficiō</b> (unless they imply purpose, <a href = "#sec1951">1951</a>); <b>fit</b>, @@ -40586,7 +40577,7 @@ the case</i>; similarly <b>mōs est</b>, <b>cōnsuētūdō est</b>, &c. est</b>, <b>relinquitur</b>, <b>restat</b>, <b>accēdit</b>. Or, of logical sequence, <b>sequitur</b>, <b>efficitur</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1965a" id = "sec1965a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1965a">a.</a></i>) <b>fēcērunt ut cōnsimilis fugae profectiō vidērētur</b>, 2, 11, 1, <i>they made their march look exactly like a stampede</i>. <b>splendor <ins class = "correction" @@ -40610,7 +40601,7 @@ vitium in līberīs cīvitātibus, ut invidia glōriae comes sit</b>, N. 12, 3, 3, <i>this is a common trouble in free communities, that envy is the attendant of a great name</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1965b" id = "sec1965b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1965b">b.</a></i>) <b>proximum est, ut doceam</b>, <i>DN.</i> 2, 73, <i>my next task is to prove</i>. <b>relinquēbātur ut neque longius ab āgmine legiōnum discēdī Caesar paterētur</b>, 5, 19, 3, <i>the consequence was that Caesar could @@ -40629,7 +40620,7 @@ infinitive (<a href = "#sec2207">2207</a>). For the subjunctive with periphrasis for the future infinitive, see <a href = "#sec2233">2233</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1966" id = "sec1966" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1966" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1966.</a></b> Verbs of happening may often be rendered best by compacter expressions: thus, <b>hīs rēbus fīēbat ut</b>, <i>consequently</i>; <b>fit ut</b>, @@ -40637,7 +40628,7 @@ thus, <b>hīs rēbus fīēbat ut</b>, <i>consequently</i>; <b>fit ut</b>, ut</b>, <i>possibly</i>; <b>accidit ut</b>, <i>accidentally</i>, <i>unfortunately</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1967" id = "sec1967" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1967" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1967.</a></b> <b>faciō ut</b>, or with a negative, commonly <b>committō ut</b>, is used in circumlocutions for emphasis: as,</p> @@ -40652,12 +40643,12 @@ back out</i>. So particularly with <b>invītus</b>, <b>libenter</b>, <i>CM.</i> 42, <i>it was with great reluctance that I expelled Flamininus from the senate</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1968" id = "sec1968" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1968" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1968.</a></b> A subjunctive clause with <b>ut</b> is often used to define a preceding idea indicated in a general way by a neuter pronoun: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page342" id = "page342"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page342"> 342</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>post eius mortem nihilō minus Helvētiī id, quod cōnstituerant, facere cōnantur, ut ē fīnibus suīs exeant</b>, 1, 5, 1, @@ -40680,7 +40671,7 @@ officium servī exīstumas, ut erī suī corrumpat et rem et fīlium?</b> Pl. <i>Most.</i> 27, <i>is this what you think the duty of a good slave, to waste his own master’s property and corrupt his son?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1969" id = "sec1969" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1969" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1969.</a></b> <b>tantum abest</b>, <i>so far from</i>, is sometimes followed by a double <b>ut</b>, the first introducing an unreal, and the second a real @@ -40703,7 +40694,7 @@ from being afraid of death, he fell in battle for his country</i>.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">II. Pure Consecutive Clauses.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1970" id = "sec1970" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1970" href = "#complex_particle_uti">1970.</a></b> The subjunctive is used with <b>ut</b> or <b>ut nōn</b> to denote result.</p> @@ -40725,7 +40716,7 @@ declared that they were driven out of house and home, and lacked the necessaries of life, thus veiling dishonour under the name of respectability</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1970a" id = "sec1970a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1970a">a.</a></i>) <b>Ariovistus tantōs sibī̆ spīritūs sūmpserat, ut ferendus nōn vidērētur</b>, 1, 33, 5, <i>Ariovistus had put on such high and mighty airs as to seem intolerable</i>. <b>adeō angustō marī cōnflīxit, ut eius @@ -40733,9 +40724,9 @@ multitūdō nāvium explicārī nōn potuerit</b>, N. 2, 4, 5, <i>he went into action in such cramped sea-room, that his armada could not deploy</i>, of Xerxes (<a href = "#sec1757">1757</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page343" id = "page343"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page343"> 343</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1970b" id = "sec1970b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1970b">b.</a></i>) <b>eōs dēdūxī testēs ut dē istīus factō dubium esse nēminī possit</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 91, <i>I have brought such witnesses that nobody can entertain a doubt of the defendant’s guilt</i>. <b>ita sē recipiēbat ut @@ -40754,10 +40745,10 @@ present or perfect subjunctive with a main secondary tense, see <a href = "#sec1757">1757</a>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_ubi" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_ubi" href = "#complex_particle"><b>ubī̆.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1971" id = "sec1971" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1971" href = "#complex_particle_ubi">1971.</a></b> <b>ubī̆</b>, in the sense of <i>where</i> (<a href = "#sec709">709</a>), has the ordinary construction of a relative (<a href = @@ -40766,11 +40757,11 @@ has the ordinary construction of a relative (<a href = <i>if</i>, see <a href = "#sec2110">2110</a>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_quo" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_quo" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quō</b> or <b>quī</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1972" id = "sec1972" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1972" href = "#complex_particle_quo">1972.</a></b> <b>quō</b>, <b>whereby</b>, <b>wherewith</b>, or in old Latin sometimes <b>quī</b> (<a href = "#sec689">689</a>), is the instrumental ablative @@ -40781,7 +40772,7 @@ from the relative and interrogative stem <b>qui-</b>. Combined with <p class = "header size8">WITH THE INDICATIVE.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1973" id = "sec1973" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1973" href = "#complex_particle_quo">1973.</a></b> The indicative is used with <b>quō</b> and a comparative in the protasis of a comparative period, with <b>eō</b> or <b>hōc</b> and a comparative @@ -40808,11 +40799,11 @@ maior, magis est plācābilis īrae</b>, O. <i>Tr.</i> 3, 5, 31, <i>the greater be the man, the easier ’tis his anger to appease</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page344" id = "page344"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page344"> 344</a></span> <p class = "header size8">WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1974" id = "sec1974" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1974" href = "#complex_particle_quo">1974.</a></b> The subjunctive is used with <b>quō</b> to express purpose.</p> @@ -40821,7 +40812,7 @@ The subjunctive is used with <b>quō</b> to express purpose.</p> containing a comparative expression, or (<ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible"><i>b.</i></ins>) in solemn law language.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1974a" id = "sec1974a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1974a">a.</a></i>) <b>equitēs omnibus in locīs pugnant, quō sē legiōnāriīs mīlitibus praeferrent</b>, 2, 27, 2, <i>the troopers fought on every kind of ground, hoping to outshine the regular infantry thereby</i>. <b>medicō @@ -40845,14 +40836,14 @@ Chremētem absterreant</b>, T. <i>Andr.</i> 472, <i>they’re pretending that she’s lying in, to frighten Chremes off</i>. So often in Tacitus.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1975" id = "sec1975" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1975" href = "#complex_particle_quo">1975.</a></b> <b>quō nē</b>, in a negative clause of purpose, is found in a disputed passage in Horace, but not again until late Latin. For <b>nōn quō</b>, <b>nōn eō quō</b>, introducing an untenable reason, see <a href = "#sec1855">1855</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1976" id = "sec1976" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1976" href = "#complex_particle_quo">1976.</a></b> In old Latin <b>quī</b>, <i>whereby</i>, <i>wherewith</i>, <i>withal</i>, is partly felt as a live relative pronoun in the @@ -40871,11 +40862,11 @@ coniectūram hanc faciō</b>, T. <i>Andr.</i> 511, <i>a thousand things combine whereby I come to this conjecture</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_quominus" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_quominus" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quōminus.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1977" id = "sec1977" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1977" href = "#complex_particle_quominus">1977.</a></b> The subjunctive with <b>quōminus</b> (<a href = "#sec1972">1972</a>) is used to complete the sense of verbs of hindering or resisting.</p> @@ -40893,7 +40884,7 @@ aliquem</b>, <i>somebody is responsible</i>, or indeed any expression implying hindrance. When the verb of hindering has a negative with it, <b>quīn</b> is often used; see <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page345" id = "page345"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page345"> 345</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>nōn dēterret sapientem mors, quōminus rē̆ī pūblicae suīsque cōnsulat</b>, <i>TD.</i> 1, 91, <i>death does not @@ -40916,31 +40907,31 @@ hīs tē nūptiīs fallāciae cōnārī, quō fīant minus</b>, T. <i>Andr.</i> marriage through which it may not come off</i> (<a href = "#sec1451">1451</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1978" id = "sec1978" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1978" href = "#complex_particle_quominus">1978.</a></b> In Tacitus, <b>quōminus</b> is sometimes found where <b>quīn</b> would be used in classical Latin (<a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>): as, <b>nec dubitātum quōminus pācem concēderent</b>, Ta. <i>H.</i> 2, 45, <i>there was no hesitation in granting peace</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1979" id = "sec1979" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1979" href = "#complex_particle_quominus">1979.</a></b> It may be mentioned here that <b>quō sētius</b> with the subjunctive, instead of <b>quōminus</b>, is found twice in Cicero’s earliest extant prose, and twice in older Latin.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_quin" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_quin" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quīn.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1980" id = "sec1980" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1980" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1980.</a></b> <b>quīn</b> is composed of <b>quī</b>, the ablative or locative of the interrogative and relative stem <b>qui-</b> (<a href = "#sec689">689</a>), and <b class = "locked">-ne</b>, <i>not</i>. It is used in simple sentences and as a conjunctive particle.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1981" id = "sec1981" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1981" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1981.</a></b> For the use of <b>quīn</b>, <i>why not</i>, in questions with the indicative, see <a href = "#sec1526">1526</a>. Such questions have the @@ -40951,14 +40942,14 @@ equōs</b>, L. 1, 57, 7, <i>why not mount</i>, or <i>to horse, to horse</i>. For the use of <b>quīn</b> without interrogative force, see <a href = "#sec1527">1527</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1982" id = "sec1982" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1982" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1982.</a></b> <b>quīn</b> is found occasionally with the subjunctive in a direct question in Plautus, Terence, Lucilius, Lucretius, Cicero, and Tacitus: thus, <b>quīn ego hōc rogem?</b> Pl. <i>MG.</i> 426, <i>why shouldn’t I ask this?</i> (<a href = "#sec1563">1563</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1983" id = "sec1983" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1983" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1983.</a></b> The subjunctive with the conjunctive particle <b>quīn</b> is used, particularly in old Latin, in connection with the common formula @@ -40977,23 +40968,23 @@ quīn in pistrīnum rēctā proficīscar viā?</b> T. <i>Andr.</i> 600, causificor quīn eam habeam</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 755, <i>I don’t quibble against keeping her</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page346" id = "page346"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page346"> 346</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1984" id = "sec1984" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1984" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1984.</a></b> <b>mīrum quīn</b> with the subjunctive is used by Plautus in sarcastic expressions where <b>mīrum</b> is ironical: as, <b>mīrum quīn tū illō tēcum dīvitiās ferās</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 495, <i>strange enough, how you can’t take your money there with you</i>, that is to Hades.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1985" id = "sec1985" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1985" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1985.</a></b> The subjunctive with <b>quīn</b> (or <b>ut nōn</b>) is used after <b>nōn possum</b>, or <b>nōn possum</b> with an infinitive, usually <b>facere</b>, and with <b>fierī nōn potest</b>: as,</p> <p class = "fourth"><b>nōn enim possum quīn exclāmem, eugē, eugē, -Lȳsitelēs, <span class = "greek" title = "palin">πάλιν</span></b>, Pl. +Lȳsitelēs, <span class = "greek" title = "palin">πάλιν</span></b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 705, <i>upon my word I must cry bravo, bravo, Lysiteles; encore!</i> <b>facere nōn potuī quīn tibī̆ sententiam dēclārārem</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 6, 13, 1, <i>I could not help giving you my views</i>. @@ -41005,7 +40996,7 @@ part</i>. <b>nōn potuistī ūllō modō facere, ut mihī̆ illam epistulam nōn mitterēs</b>, <i>Att.</i> 11, 21, 1, <i>you could not get along at all without writing me that letter</i> (<a href = "#sec1965">1965</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1986" id = "sec1986" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1986" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1986.</a></b> The subjunctive with <i>quīn</i> is used in clauses which complete the sense of verbs of restraining, abstaining, delaying, or doubting, when @@ -41021,7 +41012,7 @@ mihī̆</b>, <b>teneō</b>, <i>restrain</i>, <b>retineō</b>, words, or forms of words: as, <b>nōn metuō</b>, <b>nōn abest suspīciō</b>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1986a" id = "sec1986a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1986a">a.</a></i>) <b>neque sibī̆ hominēs barbarōs temperātūrōs exīstimābat, quīn in prōvinciam exīrent</b>, 1, 33, 4, <i>and he thought, as they were savages, they would not restrain themselves, but would sally out into @@ -41039,7 +41030,7 @@ to marry</i>. <b>quis dubitet, quīn in virtūte dīvitiae sint?</b> <i>and ground is not wanting for the belief that he made away with himself</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1987" id = "sec1987" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1987" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1987.</a></b> <b>nōn dubitō</b> has other constructions: (<i>a.</i>) Indirect question. (<b>b.</b>) Accusative with the infinitive (in some @@ -41048,7 +41039,7 @@ authors: chiefly Nepos and Livy and later writers). href = "#sec2169">2169</a>). <b>quīn</b> seldom follows this meaning.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1987a" id = "sec1987a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1987a">a.</a></i>) <b>nōn dubitō, quid nōbīs agendum putēs</b>, <i>Att.</i> 10, 1, 2, <i>I have no doubt about what you think is our duty to do</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>neque enim dubitābant hostem ventūrum</b>, L. 22. @@ -41058,12 +41049,12 @@ meaning.</p> crēdātis omnia</b>, <i>IP.</i> 68, <i>do not hesitate to trust all to him</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1988" id = "sec1988" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1988" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1988.</a></b> The subjunctive with <b>quīn</b> is often used after general negative assertions, or questions implying a negative: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page347" id = "page347"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page347"> 347</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>nēmō fuit omnīnō mīlitum quīn vulnerārētur</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 53, 3, <i>there was absolutely not a single soldier @@ -41085,7 +41076,7 @@ difficilest quīn quaerendō investīgārī possiet</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 675, Instead of <b>quīn</b>, <b>ut nōn</b> or <b>quī nōn</b> is often used in such combinations (<a href = "#sec1821">1821</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1989" id = "sec1989" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1989" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1989.</a></b> The subjunctive in an untenable reason, negatively put, is sometimes introduced by <b>nōn quīn</b> instead of <b>nōn quod nōn</b> or <b>nōn @@ -41093,7 +41084,7 @@ quō nōn</b> (<a href = "#sec1855">1855</a>): as, <b>nōn quīn parī virtūte aliī fuerint</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 7, 6, <i>not that others may not have been his peers in virtue</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1990" id = "sec1990" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1990" href = "#complex_particle_quin">1990.</a></b> <b>quīn</b> is used very rarely instead of <b>quōminus</b> to introduce clauses completing the sense of verbs which have no negative expressed @@ -41101,11 +41092,11 @@ or implied: as, once each in the <i>Bellum Alexandrīnum</i>, in Tacitus, and in Seneca’s prose.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_donec" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_donec" href = "#complex_particle"><b>dum</b>, <b>dōnec</b>, <b>quoad</b>, <b>quamdiū</b>.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1991" id = "sec1991" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1991" href = "#complex_particle_donec">1991.</a></b> With the temporal particles <b>dum</b>, <i>while</i>, <i>until</i>, and <b>dōnec</b>, <i>until</i> (in old Latin <b>dōnicum</b> and in @@ -41114,7 +41105,7 @@ Lucretius <b>dōnique</b>), may be conveniently treated the relative with <b>ad</b>), <i>while</i>, <i>until</i>, and the comparative <b>quamdiū</b>, <i>as long as</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec1992" id = "sec1992" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec1992" href = "#complex_particle_donec">1992.</a></b> <b>dum</b>, <i>while</i>, means originally <i>a while</i> (<a href = "#sec1151">1151</a>): as, <b>circumspice dum</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 146, @@ -41125,7 +41116,7 @@ slave’s plan suits me completely, another while it doesn’t suit</i>. <b>dum . . . dum</b>, Accius in <i>DN.</i> 2, 89, <i>one while . . . another</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1993" id = "sec1993" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1993" href = "#complex_particle_donec">1993.</a></b> As a pure conjunctive particle, <b>dum</b>, <i>while</i>, means either (A.) <i>in the time while</i>, or (B.) <i>all the time while</i>; in the @@ -41134,7 +41125,7 @@ the time while</i>, <b>dum</b> comes to mean (C.) <i>as long as</i>, <i>provided</i>; and (D.) <i>until</i>; in this sense <b>quoad</b> and <b>dōnec</b> are also used.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec1994" id = "sec1994" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec1994" href = "#complex_particle_donec">1994.</a></b> The indicative is used in a protasis introduced by <b>dum</b>, <b>quoad</b>, or <b>quamdiū</b>, <i>while</i>; and the subjunctive in a @@ -41148,11 +41139,11 @@ href = "#sec1728">1728</a>), of action conceivable (<a href = and <a href = "#sec2009">2009</a>, end.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page348" id = "page348"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page348"> 348</a></span> <p class = "header">(A.) <b>dum</b>, <i>in the time while</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec1995" id = "sec1995" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec1995" href = "#complex_particle_donec">1995.</a></b> The present indicative is regularly used with <b>dum</b>, <i>in the time while</i> (<a href = "#sec1739">1739</a>).</p> @@ -41189,7 +41180,7 @@ thou hast seen us lying here, obedient to our country’s holy laws</i>. <b>dīcit sēsē illī ānulum, dum lūctat, dētrāxisse</b>, T. <i>Hec.</i> 829, <i>he says that, in the struggle, he pulled off her ring</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1996" id = "sec1996" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1996" href = "#complex_particle_donec">1996.</a></b> The future is rare and chiefly confined to old Latin: as,</p> @@ -41199,12 +41190,12 @@ forth the subject of this comedy</i>. <b>dum pauca dīcam, breviter attendite</b>, <i>V.</i> 3, 163, <i>while I speak briefly, give me your attention a few moments</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1997" id = "sec1997" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1997" href = "#complex_particle_donec">1997.</a></b> The imperfect indicative is rare; the imperfect subjunctive is sometimes used, chiefly by the poets and historians: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec1997a" id = "sec1997a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec1997a">a.</a></i>) <b>dum haec Vēīs agēbantur, interim capitōlium in ingentī perīculō fuit</b>, L. 5, 47, 1, <i>while this was going on at Vei, the capital meanwhile was in terrible peril</i>. The pluperfect of resulting state @@ -41216,14 +41207,14 @@ carried in several places</i> (<a href = "#sec1615">1615</a>). dēiēcit</b>, L. 1, 40, 7, <i>while the king was looking another way, the second man raised his axe and brought it down on his head</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec1998" id = "sec1998" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec1998" href = "#complex_particle_donec">1998.</a></b> The clause with <b>dum</b> often denotes the cause of the main action, particularly when the subjects of both verbs are the same and the action of the protasis is coincident with that of the apodosis (<a href = "#sec1733">1733</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page349" id = "page349"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page349"> 349</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>dum docent, discunt</b>, Sen. <i>E.</i> 7, 8, <i>while they are teaching, they are learning</i>, or, <i>by teaching @@ -41245,14 +41236,14 @@ just the opposite of Crassus</i>.</p> <p class = "header">(B.) <b>dum</b>, <b>quoad</b>, <b>quamdiū</b> (<b>dōnec</b>), <i>all the time while</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec1999" id = "sec1999" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec1999" href = "#complex_particle_donec">1999.</a></b> <b>dum</b>, <b>quoad</b>, or <b>quamdiū</b>, <i>all the time while</i>, often has as correlative <b>tamdiū</b>, <b>tantum</b>, <b>tantummodo</b>, <b>tantisper</b>, <b>usque</b>, or <b>ita</b>. When <b>tamdiū</b> is used, <b>quam</b> often stands for <b>quamdiū</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a class = "error" name = "sec2000" id = "sec2000" +<p class = "third"><b><a class = "error" id = "sec2000" href = "#complex_particle_donec" title = ". missing">2000.</a></b> (1.) When the main verb is present or future, the protasis with <b>dum</b>, <b>quoad</b>, or <b>quamdiū</b>, <i>all the time while</i>, is usually @@ -41280,14 +41271,14 @@ quaad erunt lactantēs</b>, Varro <i>R. R.</i> 2, 7, 12, <i>give them barley and bran as long as they are sucklings</i>. <b>quoad</b>, <i>as long as</i>, is not found in Terence.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2001" id = "sec2001" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2001" href = "#complex_particle_donec">2001.</a></b> (2.) With <b>quamdiū</b> the perfect is used when the main verb is perfect; with <b>dum</b> or <b>quoad</b> the perfect or imperfect is used when the main verb is perfect or pluperfect, and the imperfect usually when the main verb is imperfect: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2001a" id = "sec2001a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2001a">a.</a></i>) <b>quōrum quamdiū mānsit imitātiō, tamdiū genus illud dīcendī vīxit</b>, <i>DO.</i> 2, 94, <i>as long as the imitation of these men lasted, so long was that style in vogue</i>. <b>tenuit locum tamdiū quam ferre @@ -41295,15 +41286,15 @@ potuit labōrem</b>, <i>Br.</i> 236, <i>he held the position as long as he could stand the work</i>. In this use <b>quamdiū</b> is found first in Cicero.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2001b" id = "sec2001b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2001b">b.</a></i>) <b>vīxit, dum vīxit, bene</b>, T. <i>Hec.</i> 461, <i>he lived well all the time he lived</i> (<a href = "#sec1733">1733</a>). <b>avus noster quoad vīxit, restitit M. Grātidiō</b>, <i>Leg.</i> 3, 36, <i>our grandfather as long as he lived, opposed Gratidius</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page350" id = "page350"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page350"> 350</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2001c" id = "sec2001c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2001c">c.</a></i>) <b>Massiliēnsēs quoad licēbat, circumvenīre nostrōs contendēbant</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 1, 58, 1, <i>as long as the Massilia people had a chance, they kept trying to surround our men</i>. <b>dum necesse erat, @@ -41313,7 +41304,7 @@ world</i> (<a href = "#sec1733">1733</a>). From Sallust on, the present of vivid narration (<a href = "#sec1590">1590</a>) is occasionally found with <b>dum</b> in this sense.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2002" id = "sec2002" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2002" href = "#complex_particle_donec">2002.</a></b> In poetry and in late prose writers, beginning with Lucretius and Livy, <b>dōnec</b> is used in the sense of <i>all the time while</i>, usually @@ -41339,7 +41330,7 @@ fortune smiles, thou troops shalt count of friends</i>.</p> <p class = "header">(C.) <b>dum</b>, <i>as long as</i>, <i>provided</i>, <i>so</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2003" id = "sec2003" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2003" href = "#complex_particle_donec">2003.</a></b> The present and imperfect subjunctive are used in provisos introduced by <b>dum</b>, <i>as long as</i>, <i>provided</i>, <i>so</i>.</p> @@ -41377,19 +41368,19 @@ provided only there be a wall interposed between you and myself</i>.</p> <p class = "header">(D.) <b>dum</b>, <b>quoad</b>, <b>dōnec</b>, <i>until</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2004" id = "sec2004" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2004" href = "#complex_particle_donec">2004.</a></b> <b>dum</b>, <b>quoad</b> or <b>dōnec</b>, <i>until</i>, often has as correlative <b>usque</b>, <b>usque eō</b>, <b>usque ad eum fīnem</b> or <b>tamdiū</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page351" id = "page351"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page351"> 351</a></span> <p class = "header size7"><b>dum</b>, <i>until</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2005" id = "sec2005" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2005" href = "#complex_particle_donec">2005.</a></b> The subjunctive present is used in a protasis introduced by <b>dum</b>, <i>until</i>, when the main verb denotes either indefinite or present @@ -41418,14 +41409,14 @@ should consult his colleague, appointed a dictator</i>. <b>observāvit dum dormitāret canēs</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 170, <i>he watched till the dog should be napping</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2006" id = "sec2006" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2006" href = "#complex_particle_donec">2006.</a></b> The present indicative with <b>dum</b>, <i>while</i>, is sometimes used where the subjunctive might be expected with <b>dum</b>, <i>until</i> (<a href = "#sec1593">1593</a>). Other indicative tenses are rarely thus used: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2006a" id = "sec2006a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2006a">a.</a></i>) <b>expectābō, dum venit</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 206, <i>I will wait while he comes</i>. <b>ego hīc tantisper, dum exīs, tē opperiar</b>, Pl. <i>Most.</i> 683, <i>I’ll wait for you here a while till you come @@ -41441,7 +41432,7 @@ the jurors were challenged</i>.</p> <p class = "header size7"><b>quoad</b>, <b>dōnec</b>, <i>until</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2007" id = "sec2007" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2007" href = "#complex_particle_donec">2007.</a></b> <b>quoad</b> or <b>dōnec</b>, <i>until</i>, introduces a protasis in the present subjunctive when the main verb is present or future; and in the @@ -41461,9 +41452,9 @@ times in Lucretius with the indicative, always before vowels (<a href = "#sec2009">2009</a>). <b>dōneque</b> and <b>dōneque cum</b> seem to occur a few times in Vitruvius.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page352" id = "page352"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page352"> 352</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2007a" id = "sec2007a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2007a">a.</a></i>) <b>ego hīc cōgitō commorārī, quoad mē reficiam</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 7, 26, 2, <i>I am thinking of staying here till I feel better</i>. <b>ea continēbis, quoad ipse tē videam</b>, <i>Att.</i> 13, 21, 4, <i>you will @@ -41479,7 +41470,7 @@ dōnec aetās sēparet ingenuōs</b>, Ta. <i>G.</i> 20, <i>they always live among the same flocks and herds, till maturity puts the free-born by themselves</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2007b" id = "sec2007b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2007b">b.</a></i>) <b>nostrī reppulērunt neque fīnem sequendī fēcērunt, quoad equitēs praecipitēs hostēs ēgērunt</b>, 5, 17, 3, <i>our people routed them and did not give up the pursuit till the cavalry drove the enemy @@ -41496,7 +41487,7 @@ cōnsurgere tōnsīs, dōnec rōstra tenent siccum et sēdēre carīnae omnēs innocuae</b>, V. 10, 299, <i>with one accord the shipmates rose to oars, until the beaks dry land attain, and keels all sat unscathed</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2008" id = "sec2008" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2008" href = "#complex_particle_donec">2008.</a></b> An imperfect subjunctive is rarely found with <b>quoad</b>, <i>until</i> (<a href = "#sec1725">1725</a>): as, <b>haec diēs praestitūtast, quoad @@ -41506,7 +41497,7 @@ complectī posset</b>, N. 15, 2, 5, <i>he used to practise running and wrestling, till he could give a grip standing</i>. For <b>dōnec</b>, see <a href = "#sec2009">2009</a> at the end.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2009" id = "sec2009" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2009" href = "#complex_particle_donec">2009.</a></b> Other constructions occur, chiefly in old Latin or poetry, with <b>dōnec</b>, or <b>dōnicum</b>, <i>until</i>. (<i>a.</i>) The future @@ -41542,12 +41533,12 @@ nor repetition is intimated: as <b>neque proelium omīsit dōnec caderet</b>, Ta. 3, 20, <i>he ceased not fighting till he fell</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page353" id = "page353"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page353"> 353</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_particle_quando" id = "complex_particle_quando" +<h6><a id = "complex_particle_quando" href = "#complex_particle"><b>quandō.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2010" id = "sec2010" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2010" href = "#complex_particle_quando">2010.</a></b> <b>quandō</b>, originally a temporal particle, has the meaning <i>when</i>, which readily passes over to a causal meaning, @@ -41564,7 +41555,7 @@ adverb it has the meaning <i>ever</i>.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">(A.) Temporal <b>quandō</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2011" id = "sec2011" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2011" href = "#complex_particle_quando">2011.</a></b> <b>quandō</b>, <i>when</i>, introduces a temporal clause with the indicative.</p> @@ -41586,7 +41577,7 @@ in eandem sententiam ībat, bellum erat cōnsēnsum</b>, L. 1, 32, 12, upon</i>. Temporal <b>quandō</b> is found sporadically at all periods; not in Terence or Caesar.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2012" id = "sec2012" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2012" href = "#complex_particle_quando">2012.</a></b> <b>quandōque</b>, <i>whenever</i>, is found once in the Twelve Tables, a few times in Cicero (chiefly in legal formulae), three times in @@ -41595,7 +41586,7 @@ Horace, and here and there in later authors. Not in Caesar.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">(B.) Causal <b>quandō</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2013" id = "sec2013" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2013" href = "#complex_particle_quando">2013.</a></b> <b>quandō</b>, <i>since</i>, <i>seeing that</i>, introduces a causal clause with the indicative.</p> @@ -41622,9 +41613,9 @@ Italy</i> (<a href = "#sec1724">1724</a>). Causal <b>quandō</b> is found at all periods, though not in Caesar, and in Cicero’s orations only with <b>quidem</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page354" id = "page354"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page354"> 354</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2014" id = "sec2014" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2014" href = "#complex_particle_quando">2014.</a></b> <b>quandōque</b>, <i>inasmuch as</i>, is used a few times in a formal or legal sense in Cicero and Livy: as, <b>quandōque hīsce hominēs iniussū @@ -41633,10 +41624,10 @@ populī Rōmānī Quirītium foedus ictum īrī spopondērunt</b>, L. 9, 10, 9, made, without the order of the Roman nation of Quirites</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_particle_si" id = +<h6 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_particle_si" href = "#complex_particle"><b>sī.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2015" id = "sec2015" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2015" href = "#complex_particle_si">2015.</a></b> <b>sī</b>, in early Latin <b>sei</b>, is originally a locative, meaning <i>under those circumstances</i>, <i>so</i>. With the enclitic <b class @@ -41649,7 +41640,7 @@ have time, so you will write something</i>. See <a href = <p class = "header smallcaps">Conditional Periods.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2016" id = "sec2016" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2016" href = "#complex_particle_si">2016.</a></b> A protasis introduced by <b>sī</b>, <i>so</i>, <i>if</i>, or <b>nisi</b>, <i>unless</i>, <i>if not</i>, states a condition; the @@ -41661,7 +41652,7 @@ conditional protasis; combined with an apodosis, <b>lūcet</b>, <i>it is light</i>, it makes a conditional period: <b>sī diēs est, lūcet</b>, <i>Inv.</i> 1, 86, <i>if it is day, it is light</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2017" id = "sec2017" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2017" href = "#complex_particle_si">2017.</a></b> A parenthesis with <b>ut</b> (<a href = "#sec1943">1943</a>) is added when the speaker asserts that the action of the protasis is not only @@ -41674,7 +41665,7 @@ est</b>, L. 7, 35, 10, <i>if night is always favourable for a sortie, and it always is, this particular hour of the night is surely the very best time</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2018" id = "sec2018" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2018" href = "#complex_particle_si">2018.</a></b> The apodosis is usually declarative. Often, however, it is interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative, or it may take any other form @@ -41686,7 +41677,7 @@ condition</i>; <b>at</b>, <i>but</i>, <b>tamen</b>, <i>nevertheless</i>, <b>certē</b>, <b>saltem</b>, <i>at any rate</i>, <b>tum dēnique</b>, <b>tum dēmum</b>, <i>then and not till then</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2019" id = "sec2019" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2019" href = "#complex_particle_si">2019.</a></b> <b>sī</b> is sometimes followed by <b>quidem</b> or, from Cicero on, by <b>modo</b>: <b>sī quidem</b>, <i>that is if</i>, <i>since</i>, <i>even @@ -41699,9 +41690,9 @@ person (<a href = "#sec1556">1556</a>), leaves a choice between two cases possible. By abbreviation of the protasis <b>sīve</b> becomes a coordinating particle: see <a href = "#sec1672">1672</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page355" id = "page355"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page355"> 355</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2020" id = "sec2020" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2020" href = "#complex_particle_si">2020.</a></b> The negative of <b>sī</b> is <b>sī nōn</b>, <i>if not</i> (<b>sī nēmō</b>, <b>sī nūllus</b>, &c.), or <b>nisi</b>, @@ -41717,7 +41708,7 @@ sense in old and colloquial Latin, especially after <b>nesciō</b>; from Cicero on, it may be strengthened by <b>tamen</b>. For <b>nisi quod</b>, see <a href = "#sec1848">1848</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2021" id = "sec2021" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2021" href = "#complex_particle_si">2021.</a></b> When a second conditional period is opposed to a first, it is sometimes introduced by <b>sī</b> (or <b>sī autem</b>), but usually by @@ -41728,11 +41719,11 @@ preferred to <b>nōn</b>.</p> <p class = "header size7">CLASSES OF CONDITIONAL PROTASES.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2022" id = "sec2022" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2022" href = "#complex_particle_si">2022.</a></b> Conditional protases may be divided into two classes:</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2023" id = "sec2023" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2023" href = "#complex_particle_si">2023.</a></b> I. <span class = "smallcaps">Indeterminate</span> protases, that is such as merely suppose an action, without implying either its occurrence or @@ -41742,7 +41733,7 @@ its non-occurrence; these may take:</p> sense; or (B.) the present subjunctive, less frequently the perfect subjunctive, to express a condition in the future.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2024" id = "sec2024" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2024" href = "#complex_particle_si">2024.</a></b> II. Protases of <span class = "smallroman">ACTION NON-OCCURRENT</span>, that is such as suppose action not taking place. These take the @@ -41759,15 +41750,15 @@ protasis denotes action non-occurrent, <i>if he were alive</i>, implying non-occurrent</i>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indet" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indet" href = "#complex_particle_si">I. INDETERMINATE PROTASES.</a></p> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indic" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indic" href = "#complex_particle_si_indet">(A.) INDICATIVE USE.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2025" id = "sec2025" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2025" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2025.</a></b> The indicative in a conditional protasis may state present, past, or future time.</p> @@ -41776,13 +41767,13 @@ future time.</p> the sense. The following combinations occur:</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page356" id = "page356"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page356"> 356</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indic_1" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indic_1" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">(1.) Protasis in the Present.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2026" id = "sec2026" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2026" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2026.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Present.</b></p> @@ -41816,7 +41807,7 @@ pollicēminī vōs fortiter operam nāvātūrōs</b>, L. 7, 16, 4, you will quit you like men</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2027" id = "sec2027" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2027" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2027.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect.</b></p> @@ -41838,7 +41829,7 @@ ambō exclūsī sumus</b>, Pl. <i>As.</i> 360, <i>for if he brings the money first, then we’re at once left out in the cold</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2028" id = "sec2028" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2028" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2028.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect.</b></p> @@ -41853,9 +41844,9 @@ singula vōs forte nōn movent, ūniversa certē tamen movēre dēbēbant</b>, they surely should have done so</i> (<a href = "#sec1495">1495</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page357" id = "page357"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page357"> 357</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2029" id = "sec2029" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2029" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2029.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(d.) <b>Apodosis in the Pluperfect.</b></p> @@ -41868,7 +41859,7 @@ tollam cōgit</b>, T. <i>Hec.</i> 570, <i>this was the only evil left in store for me, if he compels me to adopt the child</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2030" id = "sec2030" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2030" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2030.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(e.) <b>Apodosis in the Future.</b></p> @@ -41896,7 +41887,7 @@ dīvitiās dabō, sī impetrās</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 1213, <i>I’ll make you rich, if you succeed</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2031" id = "sec2031" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2031" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2031.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(f.) <b>Apodosis in the Future @@ -41910,7 +41901,7 @@ don’t do it, I will have a proper course devised to use with you</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2032" id = "sec2032" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2032" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2032.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(g.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperative.</b></p> @@ -41929,9 +41920,9 @@ colitōte ut deum</b>, <i>CM.</i> 81, <i>therefore, if this is so, you are to honour me as a god</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page358" id = "page358"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page358"> 358</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2033" id = "sec2033" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2033" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2033.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(h.) <b>Apodosis in the Present @@ -41958,11 +41949,11 @@ hīc pernoctō, causae quid dīcam?</b> T. <i>Ad.</i> 531, <i>if I sleep here, what reason can I give</i> (<a href = "#sec1563">1563</a>)?</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indic_2" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indic_2" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">(2.) Protasis in the Perfect.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2034" id = "sec2034" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2034" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2034.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Present.</b></p> @@ -41992,7 +41983,7 @@ a baby dies, they always think the affliction should be borne with resignation</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2035" id = "sec2035" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2035" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2035.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect.</b></p> @@ -42015,9 +42006,9 @@ our own poets carefully, it is true: but whenever they have failed me, I have always translated a great deal from Greek</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page359" id = "page359"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page359"> 359</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2036" id = "sec2036" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2036" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2036.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Apodosis in the Pluperfect.</b></p> @@ -42027,7 +42018,7 @@ erant?</b> <i>PC.</i> 45, <i>if they ventured to say that that measure was brought forward in due form, had not they forgotten?</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2037" id = "sec2037" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2037" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2037.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(d.) <b>Apodosis in the Future.</b></p> @@ -42048,7 +42039,7 @@ other has been done already through Flaccus, it will be done by me</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2038" id = "sec2038" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2038" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2038.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(e.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperative.</b></p> @@ -42066,7 +42057,7 @@ dedit, iuvāte perīclitantem</b>, Ta. 3, 12, <i>if relationship has made any of you his advocates, help him in his straits</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2039" id = "sec2039" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2039" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2039.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(f.) <b>Apodosis in the Present @@ -42080,7 +42071,7 @@ colour, you might explain at once</i> (<a href = "#sec1556">1556</a>). "#sec1556">1556</a>).</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2040" id = "sec2040" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2040" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2040.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(g.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect @@ -42095,7 +42086,7 @@ possent esse requīrō, ex ūnō sī sunt ignī pūrōque creātae?</b> Lucr. 1, of pure and simple fire</i> (<a href = "#sec1565">1565</a>)?</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2041" id = "sec2041" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2041" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2041.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(h.) <b>Apodosis in the Pluperfect @@ -42107,13 +42098,13 @@ Crassus eloquent, you would never have held Cotta so</i> (<a href = "#sec1561">1561</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page360" id = "page360"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page360"> 360</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indic_3" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indic_3" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">(3.) Protasis in the Imperfect.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2042" id = "sec2042" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2042" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2042.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Present.</b></p> @@ -42131,7 +42122,7 @@ nōrat</b>, T. <i>Ph.</i> 361, <i>I have no cause for anger with the youth, if he was not acquainted with the man</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2043" id = "sec2043" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2043" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2043.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect.</b></p> @@ -42141,7 +42132,7 @@ dūxisse oportuit</b>, Pl. <i>Poen.</i> 525, <i>but if you were in greater haste, you should have brought us here the day before</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2044" id = "sec2044" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2044" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2044.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect.</b></p> @@ -42160,7 +42151,7 @@ pretty sharp work, these men would always fall to</i>. For the subjunctive in such protases, see <a href = "#sec2071">2071</a>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2045" id = "sec2045" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2045" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2045.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(d.) <b>Apodosis in the Future.</b></p> @@ -42172,7 +42163,7 @@ vengeance will be yours, if you honoured in me more the man than the position</i>. See <i>Att.</i> 14, 1, 1.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2046" id = "sec2046" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2046" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2046.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(e.) <b>Apodosis in the Present @@ -42185,7 +42176,7 @@ condition of things with good cheer</i> (<a href = "#sec1550">1550</a>).</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2047" id = "sec2047" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2047" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2047.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(f.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect @@ -42199,13 +42190,13 @@ over my mishaps, still they ought to have been touched by the danger to Rome</i> (<a href = "#sec1559">1559</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page361" id = "page361"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page361"> 361</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indic_4" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indic_4" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">(4.) Protasis in the Pluperfect.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2048" id = "sec2048" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2048" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2048.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Present.</b></p> @@ -42217,7 +42208,7 @@ for peace, I am glad that you are allotted me, of all men in the world, to sue from</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2049" id = "sec2049" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2049" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2049.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect.</b></p> @@ -42231,7 +42222,7 @@ obligation, enough for delusion, if he had been acting under mistaken ignorance</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2050" id = "sec2050" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2050" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2050.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect.</b></p> @@ -42256,7 +42247,7 @@ out from town</i>. For the subjunctive in such protases, see <a href = "#sec2071">2071</a>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2051" id = "sec2051" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2051" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2051.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(d.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect @@ -42268,11 +42259,11 @@ you came not to the wrestling school, amercement strong you had to pay</i> (<a href = "#sec1552">1552</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indic_5" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indic_5" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">(5.) Protasis in the Future.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2052" id = "sec2052" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2052" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2052.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Present.</b></p> @@ -42283,9 +42274,9 @@ perferre nōn poterō, opprimī mē mālō</b>, <i>RA.</i> 10, <i>if I cannot succeed in bearing it, I would rather be crushed</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page362" id = "page362"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page362"> 362</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2053" id = "sec2053" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2053" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2053.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect.</b></p> @@ -42300,7 +42291,7 @@ to stay in town, the day is ours</i> (<a href = "#sec1612">1612</a>).</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2054" id = "sec2054" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2054" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2054.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Apodosis in the Future.</b></p> @@ -42337,7 +42328,7 @@ betray his country, will the son keep silent?</i> But see <a href = "#sec2090">2090</a>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2055" id = "sec2055" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2055" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2055.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(d.) <b>Apodosis in the Future @@ -42352,7 +42343,7 @@ it placidly, you’ll have him off his guard</i>. The more usual combination is as in 2062.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2056" id = "sec2056" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2056" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2056.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(e.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperative.</b></p> @@ -42368,9 +42359,9 @@ ipsō plūra dīcere vidēbor, īgnōscitōte</b>, <i>Sest.</i> 31, <i>if I seem to harp too much on myself, you must excuse me</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page363" id = "page363"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page363"> 363</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2057" id = "sec2057" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2057" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2057.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(f.) <b>Apodosis in the Present @@ -42392,7 +42383,7 @@ argentum dabit</b>, Pl. <i>R.</i> 727, <i>she’s welcome to them, if she pays the cash</i> (<a href = "#sec1548">1548</a>).</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2058" id = "sec2058" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2058" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2058.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(g.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect @@ -42406,11 +42397,11 @@ friends, never fear a double sun</i> (<a href = "#sec1551">1551</a>). scarcely call him a man</i> (<a href = "#sec1558">1558</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indic_6" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indic_6" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">(6.) Protasis in the Future Perfect.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2059" id = "sec2059" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2059" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2059.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Present.</b></p> @@ -42428,7 +42419,7 @@ fefellerit, commendō vōbīs meum parvum fīlium</b>, <i>C.</i> 4, 23, do I commend the little son of mine</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2060" id = "sec2060" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2060" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2060.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect.</b></p> @@ -42445,7 +42436,7 @@ the country when I was made consul, if you make the proposition</i> (<a href = "#sec1608">1608</a>).</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2061" id = "sec2061" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2061" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2061.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Apodosis in the Future.</b></p> @@ -42460,9 +42451,9 @@ manus</b>, <i>C.</i> 1, 12, <i>if I order you to be dispatched, the rest of the gang of conspirators will be left in the state</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page364" id = "page364"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page364"> 364</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2062" id = "sec2062" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2062" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2062.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(d.) <b>Apodosis in the Future @@ -42478,7 +42469,7 @@ mihī̆ fēceris, sī dē amīcitiā disputāris</b>, <i>L.</i> 16, <i>you will do me a very great favour, if you will discourse on friendship</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2063" id = "sec2063" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2063" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2063.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(e.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperative.</b></p> @@ -42499,7 +42490,7 @@ referque pedem</b>, O. <i>AA.</i> 1, 715, <i>if thou shalt see disdain come swelling high, give o’er and beat retreat</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2064" id = "sec2064" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2064" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2064.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(f.) <b>Apodosis in the Present @@ -42516,17 +42507,17 @@ agree all the more if I come at once to weightier points</i> (<a href = "#sec1556">1556</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indic_8" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indic_8" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">Some Special Uses.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2065" id = "sec2065" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2065" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2065.</a></b> An indicative protasis with <b>sī</b> is often used to assume a general truth as a proof either for another general truth, or for a particular fact.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2065a" id = "sec2065a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2065a">a.</a></i>) <b>sī voluptātis sēnsum capit, dolōrēs etiam capit</b>, <i>DN.</i> 3, <ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">32,</ins> <i>if it is susceptible of pleasure, it is also susceptible of pain</i>. <b>sī @@ -42545,9 +42536,9 @@ sīcut est, haec profectō noctis aptissima hōra est</b>, L. 7, 35, 10, <i>if night is always favourable for a sortie, and it always is, this particular hour of the night is the very best time</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page365" id = "page365"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page365"> 365</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2066" id = "sec2066" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2066" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2066.</a></b> An indicative protasis with <b>sī</b> often assumes a fact, past or present, as an argument for another fact, or for a general truth.</p> @@ -42566,7 +42557,7 @@ Graecīs, quid est cūr nostrī ā nostrīs nōn legantur?</b> <i>Fin.</i> 1, 6, <i>but if Greeks are read by Greeks, why should not Romans be read by Romans?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2067" id = "sec2067" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2067" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2067.</a></b> An indicative protasis with <b>sī</b> often assumes a fact which is declared in the apodosis to be no reason for another fact.</p> @@ -42595,7 +42586,7 @@ band of bravoes, I am a bravo</i>.</p> <p class = "header size7"><b>mīror</b>, <b>mīrum sī</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2068" id = "sec2068" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2068" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2068.</a></b> <b>mīror</b> or <b>mīrum est</b> (<b>mīra sunt</b>) may introduce a conditional protasis, instead of a clause with <b>quod</b> (<a href = @@ -42629,25 +42620,25 @@ expressions of trial, hope, expectation, &c., see <a href = "#sec1777">1777</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page366" id = "page366"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page366"> 366</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_indic_9" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_indic_9" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">The Subjunctive for the Indicative.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2069" id = "sec2069" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2069" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2069.</a></b> The indicative in the protasis is occasionally replaced by the subjunctive, as follows:</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2070" id = "sec2070" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2070" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2070.</a></b> (1.) The present or perfect subjunctive is sometimes used in general present suppositions, regularly in the indefinite second person singular, rarely with other persons (<a href = "#sec1730">1730</a>): as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2070a" id = "sec2070a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2070a">a.</a></i>) <b>nam dolī nōn dolī sunt nisi astū colās, sed malum maxumum, sī id palam prōvenit</b>, Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 221, <i>for tricks are never tricks, unless you handle them with craft, but damage dire, in case the thing @@ -42670,7 +42661,7 @@ no two things give more trouble if you once begin to fit them out</i>. 37, <i>it is no excuse for a sin if you have sinned from friendship</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2070b" id = "sec2070b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2070b">b.</a></i>) <b>suōs quisque opprimī nōn patitur, neque, aliter sī faciat, ūllam inter suōs habet auctōritātem</b>, 6, 11, 4, <i>nobody suffers his vassals to be put down, and if he ever act otherwise, he has no @@ -42685,7 +42676,7 @@ imperiī mūnera impigrē obeunt, sī iniūriae absint</b>, Ta. <i>Agr.</i> enjoined on them by the Roman government, if they be not maltreated</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2071" id = "sec2071" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2071" href = "#complex_particle_si_indic">2071.</a></b> (2.) The imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive is sometimes used in general past suppositions (<a href = "#sec1730">1730</a>).</p> @@ -42709,24 +42700,24 @@ every time the Numidians drew near</i> (<a href = "#sec1535">1535</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page367" id = "page367"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page367"> 367</a></span> -<p class = "header size7"><a name = "complex_particle_si_subj" id = +<p class = "header size7"><a id = "complex_particle_si_subj" href = "#complex_particle_si_indet">(B.) SUBJUNCTIVE USE.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2072" id = "sec2072" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2072" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2072.</a></b> The present or perfect subjunctive may be used in a conditional protasis of future time.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2073" id = "sec2073" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2073" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2073.</a></b> The apodosis is usually in the present subjunctive, less frequently in the perfect subjunctive. The imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive are rare (<a href = "#sec2089">2089</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2074" id = "sec2074" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2074" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2074.</a></b> The indicative is sometimes used in the apodosis, especially in expressions of ability, duty, &c. (<a href = "#sec1495">1495</a>); @@ -42734,7 +42725,7 @@ expressions of ability, duty, &c. (<a href = "#sec1495">1495</a>); also negative. For the future indicative the periphrastic form is sometimes used.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2075" id = "sec2075" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2075" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2075.</a></b> In the early period, before the imperfect subjunctive had been shifted to denote present time in conditional sentences (<a href = @@ -42750,11 +42741,11 @@ not be confused with those in which an action from the nature of things impossible is represented as of possible occurrence.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_subj_1" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_subj_1" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">(1.) Protasis in the Present Subjunctive.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2076" id = "sec2076" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2076" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2076.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Present @@ -42782,9 +42773,9 @@ were blest, the wicked curst; a thing that really cometh not to pass</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page368" id = "page368"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page368"> 368</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2077" id = "sec2077" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2077" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2077.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect @@ -42813,7 +42804,7 @@ should undertake to go through all the different versions of the authorities</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2078" id = "sec2078" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2078" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2078.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Apodosis in the Present @@ -42836,7 +42827,7 @@ be asked whether obstinacy and perseverance are the same, it must be settled by definitions</i> (<a href = "#sec2074">2074</a>).</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2079" id = "sec2079" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2079" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2079.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(d.) <b>Apodosis in the Future.</b></p> @@ -42854,7 +42845,7 @@ audēbis, nec sī cupiās, licēbit</b>, <i>V.</i> 2, 167, <i>you will not dare to say this, sir, nor if you wish, will you be allowed</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2080" id = "sec2080" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2080" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2080.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(e.) <b>Apodosis in the Future @@ -42866,9 +42857,9 @@ will not acquire as much glory, if you succeed in battle, as you will lose, if any reverse occur</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page369" id = "page369"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page369"> 369</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2081" id = "sec2081" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2081" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2081.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(f.) <b>Apodosis in the Periphrastic @@ -42881,7 +42872,7 @@ estis?</b> L. 3, 52, 7, <i>suppose the enemy march on the town, what do you intend to do?</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2082" id = "sec2082" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2082" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2082.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(g.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect @@ -42901,7 +42892,7 @@ wars: could you bear to see Sextius consul</i> (<a href = "#sec1565">1565</a>)?</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2083" id = "sec2083" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2083" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2083.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(h.) <b>Apodosis in the Pluperfect @@ -42913,11 +42904,11 @@ shoulder ne’er had ivory gleamed</i> (<a href = "#sec1561">1561</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_subj_2" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_subj_2" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">(2.) Protasis in the Perfect Subjunctive.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2084" id = "sec2084" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2084" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2084.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Present @@ -42940,7 +42931,7 @@ time in these pursuits, I have thrown it away</i> (<a href = "#sec1563">1563</a>)? See also <a href = "#sec2090">2090</a>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2085" id = "sec2085" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2085" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2085.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect @@ -42952,7 +42943,7 @@ point, a dead man I should be</i>. See also <a href = "#sec2090">2090</a>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2086" id = "sec2086" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2086" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2086.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Apodosis in the Future @@ -42966,9 +42957,9 @@ illness should get worse, they’ll say a slave of Sostrata’s went in there</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page370" id = "page370"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page370"> 370</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2087" id = "sec2087" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2087" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2087.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(d.) <b>Apodosis in the Periphrastic @@ -42980,7 +42971,7 @@ title = ". missing">L.</ins> 5, 54, 1, <i>if a fire break out at Vei, are we goi to move from there to Fidenae?</i></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2088" id = "sec2088" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2088" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2088.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(e.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect @@ -42992,11 +42983,11 @@ has done this for a son of yours, how grateful should you have been?</i></p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_subj_3" id +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_subj_3" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">Conversion to Past Time.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2089" id = "sec2089" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2089" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2089.</a></b> An indeterminate subjunctive protasis is rarely thrown into the past, the present and perfect becoming respectively imperfect and pluperfect. @@ -43024,7 +43015,7 @@ availed</i>.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">Periods of Exemplification.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2090" id = "sec2090" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2090" href = "#complex_particle_si_subj">2090.</a></b> The present subjunctive is particularly common in exemplification. The perfect is sometimes used in the protasis, rarely in the apodosis: @@ -43046,13 +43037,13 @@ the future is also used, but less frequently: see <ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">2054.</ins></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page371" id = "page371"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page371"> 371</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "complex_particle_si_non" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "complex_particle_si_non" href = "#complex_particle_si">II. PROTASES OF ACTION NON-OCCURRENT.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2091" id = "sec2091" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2091" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2091.</a></b> A conditional period in which the non-occurrence of the action is implied takes the imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive both in the @@ -43062,7 +43053,7 @@ indefinite time, and the pluperfect denotes past time.</p> <p class = "fourth">For the present subjunctive in such conditions, see <a href = "#sec2075">2075</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2092" id = "sec2092" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2092" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2093.</a></b> The imperfect sometimes denotes past time (<a href = "#sec1559">1559</a>). When future time is referred to, the protasis is @@ -43070,7 +43061,7 @@ usually in the imperfect of the periphrastic future, commonly the subjunctive, but sometimes the indicative (<a href = "#sec2108">2108</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2093" id = "sec2093" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2093" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2093.</a></b> The apodosis is very rarely in the present subjunctive (<a href = "#sec2098">2098</a>). The periphrastic future is sometimes used, @@ -43078,11 +43069,11 @@ commonly in the indicative (<a href = "#sec2097">2097</a>, <a href = "#sec2100">2100</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_non_1" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_non_1" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">(1.) Protasis in the Imperfect Subjunctive.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2094" id = "sec2094" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2094" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2094.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect @@ -43121,9 +43112,9 @@ rērum āctōrem ipsa dēlēgit</b>, <i>Caecil.</i> 19, <i>if the collective province could have spoken, she would have used these words; but since she could not, she chose a manager for the case herself</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page372" id = "page372"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page372"> 372</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2095" id = "sec2095" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2095" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2095.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Pluperfect @@ -43140,7 +43131,7 @@ characterized by these qualities, our ancestors would not have called the highest deliberative body the body of elders</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2096" id = "sec2096" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2096" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2096.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Periphrastic Apodosis.</b></p> @@ -43154,11 +43145,11 @@ bear witness to my deeds, if the tribunes should refuse me a triumph</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_non_2" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_non_2" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">(2.) Protasis in the Pluperfect Subjunctive.</a></p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2097" id = "sec2097" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2097" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2097.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect @@ -43188,7 +43179,7 @@ adiūnxisset gentēs, impedimentum maius quam auxilium traheret</b>, L. 9, found them a hindrance rather than a help in his train</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2098" id = "sec2098" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2098" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2098.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Pluperfect @@ -43200,7 +43191,7 @@ name</i>. <b>nisi fūgissem, medium praemorsisset</b>, Pl. in Gell. 6, 9, 7, <i>if I hadn’t run away, he’d have bitten me in two</i>. <b>sī vēnissēs ad exercitum, ā tribūnīs vīsus essēs; nōn es autem ab hīs vīsus</b>; -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page373" id = "page373"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page373"> 373</a></span> <b>nōn es igitur ad exercitum profectus</b>, <i>Inv.</i> 1, 87, <i>if you had come to the army, you would have been seen by the tribunes; but @@ -43217,7 +43208,7 @@ urbe remānsisset, dīmicandum nōbīs cum illō fuisset</b>, <i>C.</i> 3, with the villain</i> (<a href = "#sec2101">2101</a>).</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2099" id = "sec2099" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2099" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2099.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) <b>Apodosis in the Present @@ -43229,7 +43220,7 @@ dīxisset mihī̆ tē apud sē cēnātūrum esse hodiē</b>, Pl. <i>St.</i> 510, told me that you were to dine with him to-day</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2100" id = "sec2100" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2100" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2100.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(<ins class = "correction" @@ -43255,11 +43246,11 @@ fate, or if to fate, it would have happened all the same, even if he had conformed to the auspices</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_particle_si_non_3" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_particle_si_non_3" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">Indicative Apodosis.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2101" id = "sec2101" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2101" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2101.</a></b> (1.) The apodosis of verbs of ability, duty, &c. (<a href = "#sec1495">1495-1497</a>), including the gerundive with <b>sum</b>, is @@ -43269,7 +43260,7 @@ subjunctive. But the subjunctive is also found, especially <b>possem</b> rather than <b>poteram</b>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2102" id = "sec2102" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2102" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2102.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect @@ -43283,7 +43274,7 @@ locō, sī ūlla in tē pietās esset, colere dēbēbās</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 2, 99, <i>whom you ought to honour as a father, if you had any such thing as affection in you</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page374" id = "page374"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page374"> 374</a></span> <p class = "fourth">(b.) Of past action: <b>quid enim poterat Heius respondēre, sī esset improbus?</b> <i>V.</i> 4, 16, <i>for what answer @@ -43294,7 +43285,7 @@ might have presented the mien of mourners for the fall of Perseus</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2103" id = "sec2103" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2103" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2103.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect @@ -43320,7 +43311,7 @@ all things he had worded so</i>. <b>sī ūnum diem morātī essētis, moriendum omnibus fuit</b>, L. 2, 38, 5, <i>if you had staid one day, you must all have died</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2104" id = "sec2104" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2104" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2104.</a></b> (2.) Other verbs also sometimes have a past indicative apodosis, usually an imperfect or pluperfect, to denote an action very near to actual @@ -43331,7 +43322,7 @@ actual or a virtual negative; but positive protases are found here and there, chiefly in late writers.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2105" id = "sec2105" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2105" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2105.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(a.) <b>Apodosis in the Perfect @@ -43347,7 +43338,7 @@ gave a path to the enemy, had it not been for one heroic soul, Horatius Cocles</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2106" id = "sec2106" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2106" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2106.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(b.) <b>Apodosis in the Imperfect @@ -43366,9 +43357,9 @@ legion</i>. <b>sī dēstināta prōvēnissent, rēgnō imminēbat</b>, Ta. <i>H.</i> 4, 18, <i>had his schemes succeeded, he was close upon the throne</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page375" id = "page375"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page375"> 375</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2107" id = "sec2107" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2107" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2107.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third">(c.) Apodosis in the Pluperfect @@ -43388,12 +43379,12 @@ my triumph</i>. <b>perierat imperium, sī Fabius tantum ausus esset quantum īra suādēbat</b>, Sen. <i>de Ira</i>, 1, 11, 5, <i>the empire had been lost, if Fabius had ventured as far as passion urged</i>.</p> -<p class = "floater second"><b><a name = "sec2108" id = "sec2108" href = +<p class = "floater second"><b><a id = "sec2108" href = "#complex_particle_si_non">2108.</a></b></p> <p class = "center second smallcaps">(3.) Periphrastic Protasis.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2108a" id = "sec2108a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2108a">a.</a></i>) <b>ac sī tibī̆ nēmō respōnsūrus esset, tamen causam dēmōnstrāre nōn possēs</b>, <i>Caecil.</i> 43, <i>and even supposing that nobody were going to answer you, still you would not be able to make the case @@ -43407,16 +43398,15 @@ house, should I not have abstained from wine for a day</i> (<a href = "#sec2092">2092</a>)?</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps topline"><a name = -"complex_particle_si_variation" id = "complex_particle_si_variation" +<p class = "header smallcaps topline"><a id = "complex_particle_si_variation" href = "#complex_particle_si">Variation of the Protasis.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2109" id = "sec2109" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2109" href = "#complex_particle_si_variation">2109.</a></b> Instead of a conditional protasis with <b>sī</b> or <b>nisi</b>, equivalents are often used.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2110" id = "sec2110" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2110" href = "#complex_particle_si_variation">2110.</a></b> Thus, the protasis may be coordinated (<a href = "#sec1701">1701</a>), or be introduced by a relative pronoun (<a href = "#sec1812">1812</a>), @@ -43429,7 +43419,7 @@ href = "#sec1932">1932</a>), <b>ut</b> or <b>nē</b> (<a href = <i>without</i>, <b>cum</b>, <i>with</i>, by a participle or ablative absolute, by a wish, or otherwise: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2110a" id = "sec2110a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2110a">a.</a></i>) <b>nēmō umquam sine magnā spē immortālitātis sē prō patriā offerret ad mortem</b>, <i>TD.</i> 1, 32, <i>nobody would ever expose himself to death for his country without a well-grounded conviction of @@ -43447,9 +43437,9 @@ Britannicus were on the throne</i> (<a href = "#sec2102">2102</a>)? Sāturnia: mītior essēs</b>, O. 2, 435, <i>would thou couldst see, Saturnia; thou wouldst gentler be</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page376" id = "page376"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page376"> 376</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2110b" id = "sec2110b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2110b">b.</a></i>) <b>habet ōrātiōnem tālem cōnsul, quālem numquam Catilīna vīctor habuisset</b>, <i>Sest.</i> 28, <i>he makes a speech—yes, and he a consul—such as a Catiline would never have made, if flushed with @@ -43463,7 +43453,7 @@ been destroyed</i>. For the use of <b>absque</b> in a coordinate protasis in Plautus and Terence, see <a href = "#sec1701">1701</a>, <a href = "#sec1421">1421</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2111" id = "sec2111" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2111" href = "#complex_particle_si_variation">2111.</a></b> The verb of the protasis is sometimes omitted: as in abridged sentences (<a href = "#sec1057">1057</a>), or when it may be easily supplied (<a @@ -43484,7 +43474,7 @@ other . . . if in no other way, on usury</i> (<a href = <p class = "header smallcaps">Variation of the Apodosis.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2112" id = "sec2112" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2112" href = "#complex_particle_si_variation">2112.</a></b> The apodosis is sometimes represented by the accusative of exclamation (<a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>), or the vocative: as,</p> @@ -43499,7 +43489,7 @@ splendeat ūsū</b>, H. 2, 2, 2, <i>thou foe to bullion, Crispus Sallustius, so it shine not with tempered use</i>. Also the future participle in poetry and in prose from Livy on.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2113" id = "sec2113" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2113" href = "#complex_particle_si_variation">2113.</a></b> The verb of the apodosis, or the entire apodosis, is often omitted. In the latter case an appended verb might easily be mistaken for the @@ -43526,9 +43516,9 @@ know</i>, <i>in fact</i>, <b>sī dīs placet</b>, <i>please heaven</i>, wishes introduced by <b>ō sī</b>, without an apodosis, see <a href = "#sec1546">1546</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page377" id = "page377"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page377"> 377</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2114" id = "sec2114" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2114" href = "#complex_particle_si_variation">2114.</a></b> The apodosis is sometimes expanded by inserted expressions. So particularly by <b>vereor nē</b>, equivalent to <b>fortasse</b> (<a href @@ -43550,21 +43540,21 @@ have been laid on him?</i> <b>sescenta sunt quae memorem, sī sit ōtium</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 320, <i>there are a thousand things that I could tell, if I had time</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2115" id = "sec2115" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2115" href = "#complex_particle_si_variation">2115.</a></b> For expressions of trial, hope, or expectation, followed by a conditional protasis with <b>sī</b>, see <a href = "#sec1777">1777</a>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_particle_concess" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_particle_concess" href = "#complex_particle">Concessive Protases.</a></h6> <p class = "header size7"><b>etsī</b>, <b>tametsī</b> (<b>tamenetsī</b>), <b>etiamsī</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2116" id = "sec2116" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2116" href = "#complex_particle_concess">2116.</a></b> <b>etsī</b>, <b>tametsī</b>, <i>though</i>, <b>etiamsī</b>, <i>even if</i>, or sometimes simple <b>sī</b>, <i>if</i>, is used to introduce a @@ -43579,7 +43569,7 @@ sentence (<a href = "#sec2153">2153</a>). <b>tametsī</b> belongs chiefly to colloquial style, though Sallust often uses it; not in the Augustan poets or Tacitus. <b>etiamsī</b> is not found in Plautus or Caesar.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2116a" id = "sec2116a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2116a">a.</a></i>) <b>nōn vīdī eam, etsī vīdī</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 407, <i>I saw her not, although I saw her</i>. <b>quō mē habeam pactō, tametsī nōn quaeris, docēbō</b>, Lucilius in Gell. 18, 8, 2, <i>I’ll tell you how I am, @@ -43596,7 +43586,7 @@ intellegēbat, quā dē causā ea dīcerentur, Indutiomarum ad sē venīre iussit</b>, 5, 4, 1, <i>though Caesar was aware of his motives in saying so, he directed Indutiomarus to come to him</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2116b" id = "sec2116b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2116b">b.</a></i>) <b>etsī taceās, palam id quidem est</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 418, <i>though you should hold your tongue, still that at least is plain</i>. <b>etsī nihil aliud Sūllae nisi cōnsulātum abstulissētis, tamen eō contentōs vōs @@ -43608,16 +43598,16 @@ though death were to be faced, I should prefer it in my native land rather than abroad</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page378" id = "page378"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page378"> 378</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_particle_condition" id = +<h6><a id = "complex_particle_condition" href = "#complex_particle">Conditional Comparisons.</a></h6> <p class = "header size7"><b>quasi</b> (<b>quam sī</b>), <b>tamquam sī</b>, <b>ut</b> or <b>velut sī</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2117" id = "sec2117" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2117" href = "#complex_particle_condition">2117.</a></b> <b>sī</b> following a word meaning <i>than</i> or <i>as</i> is used with the subjunctive in conditional comparisons.</p> @@ -43629,7 +43619,7 @@ sometimes in later writers. <b>velut sī</b> begins with Caesar; not in Cicero. <b>ac sī</b> is found once in the <i>Bell. Hisp.</i> and in late Latin.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2118" id = "sec2118" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2118" href = "#complex_particle_condition">2118.</a></b> <b>sī</b> is often omitted after <b>tamquam</b>, and (from Livy on) sometimes after <b>velut</b>. After <b>quasi</b> it is sometimes @@ -43638,7 +43628,7 @@ used, chiefly in poetry, for <b>tamquam sī</b>. The main clause often has as correlative <b>ita</b>, <b>sīc</b>, <b>perinde</b>, <b>proinde</b>, <b>similiter</b>, or <b>nōn secus</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2119" id = "sec2119" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2119" href = "#complex_particle_condition">2119.</a></b> The tense of the subjunctive is usually regulated by the sequence of tenses, in Cicero nearly always with <b>quasi</b> and <b>tamquam @@ -43661,7 +43651,7 @@ labōris ac perīculī fuerim, ad fīnem bellī Pūnicī pervēnisse</b>, L. 31, the Punic war, as if I had had a direct hand in the work and the danger</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2120" id = "sec2120" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2120" href = "#complex_particle_condition">2120.</a></b> The imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive is sometimes used, even when the leading verb is in a primary tense, to mark action more distinctly as @@ -43678,7 +43668,7 @@ broken one sworn on the name of Jupiter</i>. This is the more usual way in Cicero with <b>ut <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘si’">sī</ins></b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2121" id = "sec2121" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2121" href = "#complex_particle_condition">2121.</a></b> <b>quasi</b>, <b>ut</b>, or, from Livy on, <b>tamquam</b> or <b>velut</b>, <i>as if</i>, is sometimes used with participle @@ -43693,9 +43683,9 @@ jail</i>. <b>restitēre Rōmānī tamquam caelestī vōce iussī</b>, L. 1, 12, high spirits, as if victory were assured, they proceeded to the camp</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page379" id = "page379"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page379"> 379</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2122" id = "sec2122" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2122" href = "#complex_particle_condition">2122.</a></b> In old Latin, <b>quasi</b> is found a few times for the original <b>quam sī</b> after a comparative: as, <b>mē nēmō magis respiciet, quasi abhinc @@ -43713,10 +43703,10 @@ and <b>ut</b>.</p> <!-- change from h5 to h4 --> -<h4><a name = "complex_connection" id = "complex_connection" href = +<h4><a id = "complex_connection" href = "#complex">CONNECTION OF SEPARATE SENTENCES OR PERIODS.</a></h4> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2123" id = "sec2123" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2123" href = "#complex_connection">2123.</a></b> Separate sentences or periods have a connective more commonly in Latin than in English. Sometimes, however, like the members of single periods, @@ -43724,15 +43714,15 @@ they are for special reasons put <i>asyndetically</i> (<a href = "#sec1637">1637</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_connection_without" id = +<h6><a id = "complex_connection_without" href = "#complex_connection">(A.) Without a Connective.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2124" id = "sec2124" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2124" href = "#complex_connection_without">2124.</a></b> Asyndeton is common with two or more separate sentences or periods:</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2125" id = "sec2125" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2125" href = "#complex_connection_without">2125.</a></b> (a.) To represent a series of actions as occurring at the same moment: as,</p> @@ -43745,7 +43735,7 @@ tent; sees the enemy close at hand; seizes arms and takes his stand at the gate; the centurions rally round him; Sextius becomes unconscious, receiving severe wounds</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2126" id = "sec2126" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2126" href = "#complex_connection_without">2126.</a></b> (b.) When an occurrence is represented as consisting of many successive actions: the <i>Enumerative Asyndeton</i>: as,</p> @@ -43762,12 +43752,12 @@ named Chrysogonus; but the moment I touched on him, the creature perked up at once, seemed to be surprised. I knew what the rub was.</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2127" id = "sec2127" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2127" href = "#complex_connection_without">2127.</a></b> (c.) When the last sentence sums up the result of the preceding with emphasis: the <i>Asyndeton of Summary</i>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page380" id = "page380"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page380"> 380</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>hī dē suā salūte dēspērantēs, aut suam mortem miserābantur, aut parentēs suōs commendābant. plēna erant omnia timōris @@ -43777,10 +43767,10 @@ their parents. In short, it was one scene of terror and lamentation.</i></p> -<h6><a name = "complex_connection_with" id = "complex_connection_with" +<h6><a id = "complex_connection_with" href = "#complex_connection">(B.) With a Connective.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2128" id = "sec2128" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2128" href = "#complex_connection_with">2128.</a></b> Separate sentences or periods may be connected: (1.) by pronominal words: (<i>a.</i>) demonstrative or determinative; @@ -43792,7 +43782,7 @@ words: (<i>a.</i>) demonstrative or determinative; <p class = "header">(<i>a.</i>) Demonstrative and Determinative Words as Connectives.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2129" id = "sec2129" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2129" href = "#complex_connection_with">2129.</a></b> <b>hīc</b> and <b>is</b> serve as connectives at the beginning of a new period. In English the equivalent word is usually placed not at the @@ -43817,7 +43807,7 @@ preparations as were necessary for a move. They considered two years ample to do this. Orgetorix is chosen to do this. He took upon himself the office of envoy.</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2130" id = "sec2130" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2130" href = "#complex_connection_with">2130.</a></b> Particularly common are demonstrative words at the beginning of a new period, to show that the first action necessarily took place or was @@ -43830,11 +43820,11 @@ school at Corinth; so incapable was he of getting along without governing</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page381" id = "page381"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page381"> 381</a></span> <p class = "header">(<i>b.</i>) Relatives as Connectives.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2131" id = "sec2131" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2131" href = "#complex_connection_with">2131.</a></b> <b>quī</b> serves to connect a new period when it may be translated by a demonstrative, or when it is equivalent to <b>et is</b>, <b>is @@ -43846,7 +43836,7 @@ out his agreement. Without any ado he asks to have the entire management of the crime.</i> For other examples, see <a href = "#sec1835">1835</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2132" id = "sec2132" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2132" href = "#complex_connection_with">2132.</a></b> The neuter accusative <b>quod</b>, <i>as to that</i>, <i>as to which</i>, <i>whereas</i>, <i>now</i>, <i>so</i>, is used to connect a @@ -43866,7 +43856,7 @@ of the enemy might have been exterminated</i>.</p> <p class = "header size8">(2.) CONJUNCTIONS AND ADVERBS.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2133" id = "sec2133" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2133" href = "#complex_connection_with">2133.</a></b> The conjunctions and adverbs used to coordinate sentences are: (<i>a.</i>) copulative and disjunctive; (<i>b.</i>) concessive and @@ -43880,13 +43870,13 @@ adversative; (<i>c.</i>) causal and illative.</p> <p class = "header size7"><b>et.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2134" id = "sec2134" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2134" href = "#complex_connection_with">2134.</a></b> <b>et</b>, <i>and</i>, simply adds, as in English (<a href = "#sec1645">1645</a>). But it is often used in such a connection that a modification of the translation is required to bring out the sense.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2135" id = "sec2135" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2135" href = "#complex_connection_with">2135.</a></b> <b>et</b> may continue the discourse with a concessive sentence, which is to be followed by an adversative. In such cases <b>quidem</b> often @@ -43898,9 +43888,9 @@ cōnsulātū</b>, L. 2, 2, 8, <i>the head men of the state make the same request. Now the others did not influence him much. But when Lucretius began to take steps the consul resigned his consulship.</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page382" id = "page382"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page382"> 382</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2136" id = "sec2136" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2136" href = "#complex_connection_with">2136.</a></b> <b>et</b>, <i>and strange to say</i>, <i>and if you’d believe it</i>, introduces something unexpected: as,</p> @@ -43910,7 +43900,7 @@ raptābat Āfricam Tacfarinās</b>, Ta. 4, 23, <i>there were already three triumphal statues in Rome, and, strange to say, Tacfarinas was still harrying Africa</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2137" id = "sec2137" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2137" href = "#complex_connection_with">2137.</a></b> <b>et</b>, <i>and really</i>, <i>and in fact</i>, <i>and to be sure</i>; in this sense it is usually followed immediately by the verb: as,</p> @@ -43919,7 +43909,7 @@ in this sense it is usually followed immediately by the verb: as,</p> volt!</b> <i>CM.</i> 25, <i>one sees much that one would not. Aye, and much perhaps that one would!</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2138" id = "sec2138" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2138" href = "#complex_connection_with">2138.</a></b> <b>et</b> introducing a sentence explaining in detail a general idea before given may be translated <i>namely</i>: as,</p> @@ -43931,7 +43921,7 @@ detained by scruple, because several prodigies were reported, and they could not readily obtain good omens; namely from Campania it was reported that at Capua several tombs were struck by lightning</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2139" id = "sec2139" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2139" href = "#complex_connection_with">2139.</a></b> <b>et</b>, <i>and also</i>, <i>and besides</i>: as,</p> @@ -43942,7 +43932,7 @@ elephants to the number of eight marched in parade. And furthermore not the least attractive part of the pageant were Sosis and Moericus, moving at the head of the line.</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2140" id = "sec2140" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2140" href = "#complex_connection_with">2140.</a></b> <b>et</b>, <i>and yet</i>, introduces a contrast or opposition: as,</p> @@ -43954,7 +43944,7 @@ old age, and this I have not yet lost. And yet you see my years.</i></p> <p class = "header size7"><b>neque</b> or <b>nec</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2141" id = "sec2141" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2141" href = "#complex_connection_with">2141.</a></b> <b>nec</b>, <i>and really . . . not</i>, <i>and in fact . . . not</i>: as,</p> @@ -43966,7 +43956,7 @@ personal risk to such of the fathers as happened to be in the market place, that they got into the crowd. And in fact acts of violence would have occurred, unless the consuls had made haste to interfere.</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2142" id = "sec2142" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2142" href = "#complex_connection_with">2142.</a></b> <b>nec</b>, <i>and to be sure . . . not</i>: as,</p> @@ -43978,9 +43968,9 @@ them. And to be sure they explained the matter thus, that there would have been no propriety in having the axe taken out, since the officers were appointed without any appeal.</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page383" id = "page383"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page383"> 383</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2143" id = "sec2143" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2143" href = "#complex_connection_with">2143.</a></b> <b>nec</b>, <i>not . . . either</i>, <i>nor either</i>, <i>neither</i>: as,</p> @@ -43990,7 +43980,7 @@ frūmentī perīculum fuit</b>, L. 4, 25, 6, <i>that year the violence of the plague grew less. Nor was there any danger from lack of grain either.</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2144" id = "sec2144" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2144" href = "#complex_connection_with">2144.</a></b> <b>nec</b>, <i>but . . . not</i>: as,</p> @@ -44001,7 +43991,7 @@ were not listened to.</i></p> <p class = "header size7"><b>-que.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2145" id = "sec2145" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2145" href = "#complex_connection_with">2145.</a></b> <b>-que</b>, <i>and likewise</i>: as,</p> @@ -44009,7 +43999,7 @@ were not listened to.</i></p> lēgit</b>, L. 1, 20, 2, <i>to this god he assigned two special priests. And he likewise chose maids for Vesta.</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2146" id = "sec2146" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2146" href = "#complex_connection_with">2146.</a></b> <b>-que</b>, <i>and in fact</i>, <i>and so</i>, <i>and in general</i>: as,</p> @@ -44022,7 +44012,7 @@ besieged, unless Horatius had been recalled.</i></p> <p class = "header size7"><b>atque</b> or <b>ac</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2147" id = "sec2147" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2147" href = "#complex_connection_with">2147.</a></b> <b>atque</b>, <i>and besides</i>, <i>and more than that</i>, <i>and actually</i>: as,</p> @@ -44034,7 +44024,7 @@ follows that the universe is alive. And more than that, we can see that it has sense from the following circumstance, that the universe is certainly superior to any element of the universe.</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2148" id = "sec2148" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2148" href = "#complex_connection_with">2148.</a></b> <b>atque</b>, <i>and so</i>, <i>and consequently</i>: as,</p> @@ -44046,7 +44036,7 @@ was aware of. And so I will only say one thing.</i></p> <p class = "header size7"><b>aut.</b></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2149" id = "sec2149" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2149" href = "#complex_connection_with">2149.</a></b> <b>aut</b> is used to add a new sentence in the sense of <b>aliōquī</b>, <i>or else</i>, <i>otherwise</i>, or as if <b>nisi</b>, <i>unless</i>, @@ -44061,13 +44051,13 @@ man</i>.</p> <p class = "header">(<i>b.</i>) <span class = "smallcaps">Concessive and Adversative.</span></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2150" id = "sec2150" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2150" href = "#complex_connection_with">2150.</a></b> A new concessive period is introduced by <b>sānē</b>, <b>quidem</b>, <b>omnīnō</b>, <i>to be sure</i>, or <b>fortasse</b>, <i>perhaps</i>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page384" id = "page384"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page384"> 384</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>Plīnius et Cluvius nihil dubitātum dē fidē praefectī referunt. sānē Fabius inclīnat ad laudēs Senecae</b>, Ta. 13, @@ -44077,7 +44067,7 @@ eulogize Seneca.</i> <b>id fortasse nōn perfēcimus; cōnātī quidem saepissimē sumus</b>, <i>O.</i> 210, <i>perhaps we have not attained to it; still we have very often made the attempt</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2151" id = "sec2151" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2151" href = "#complex_connection_with">2151.</a></b> A new adversative sentence is introduced by <b>autem</b>, <i>again</i>, <b>sed</b>, <b>vērum</b>, <i>but</i>, <b>vērō</b>, <i>but</i>, @@ -44088,7 +44078,7 @@ minus</b>, <i>nevertheless</i>.</p> same meaning as when used to connect the parts of a sentence (<a href = "#sec1676">1676</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2152" id = "sec2152" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2152" href = "#complex_connection_with">2152.</a></b> <b>atquī</b>, rarely <b>atquīn</b>, <i>and yet</i>, <i>but</i>, is used chiefly in dialogue. It introduces a strong objection, sometimes in the @@ -44108,7 +44098,7 @@ nūllum placet? atquī habeātur necesse est</b>, <i>V.</i> 2, 144, <i>what? is there, think you, to be no end to your statues? Yet there must be.</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2153" id = "sec2153" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2153" href = "#complex_connection_with">2153.</a></b> <b>quamquam</b>, <b>etsī</b>, <b>tametsī</b>, <i>though</i>, and <b>nisi</b>, <i>but</i>, are sometimes used to coordinate a new period, @@ -44133,7 +44123,7 @@ afresh! But be it what it may, I want to see the fellow</i>.</p> <p class = "header">(<i>c.</i>) <span class = "smallcaps">Causal and Illative.</span></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2154" id = "sec2154" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2154" href = "#complex_connection_with">2154.</a></b> <b>nam</b>, <b>enim</b>, <i>for</i>, or <b>namque</b>, <b>etenim</b>, <i>for you see</i>, introduces a new period which gives the reason of @@ -44147,9 +44137,9 @@ annō enim ūndēvīcēsimō post eius mortem hī cōnsulēs factī sunt</b>, <i>CM.</i> 14, <i>you can remember him: for the present consuls were created only nineteen years after his death</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page385" id = "page385"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page385"> 385</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2155" id = "sec2155" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2155" href = "#complex_connection_with">2155.</a></b> The originally asseverative meaning of <b>nam</b> appears, even in the classical period, in colloquial language: as, <b>tibī̆ ā mē nūlla ortast @@ -44171,12 +44161,12 @@ use from <b>nam</b>; for its meaning in old Latin, see <a href = (always in old Latin) stands before a vowel. <b>etenim</b> is common only in classical Latin.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2156" id = "sec2156" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2156" href = "#complex_connection_with">2156.</a></b> For <b>quippe</b>, <i>why</i>, often used as a coordinating word, see <a href = "#sec1690">1690</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2157" id = "sec2157" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2157" href = "#complex_connection_with">2157.</a></b> <b>proinde</b> or <b>proin</b>, <i>therefore</i>, <i>so</i>, introduces a command or direction based upon the foregoing: as,</p> @@ -44193,7 +44183,7 @@ the surrounding woods and the loneliness are powerful stimulants to meditation. So when you go hunting, you can take a note book with you.</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2158" id = "sec2158" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2158" href = "#complex_connection_with">2158.</a></b> A conclusion is denoted by <b>ergō</b>, <b>itaque</b> or <b>igitur</b>, <i>therefore</i>, <i>so</i>, introducing a new period: as,</p> @@ -44210,11 +44200,11 @@ ergō</b>, 1689. For <b>hinc</b>, <b>inde</b>, <b>eō</b>, <b>ideō</b>, "#sec1691">1691</a>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_connection_affirm" id = +<h6><a id = "complex_connection_affirm" href = "#complex_connection">Affirmative Coordination.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2159" id = "sec2159" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2159" href = "#complex_connection_affirm">2159.</a></b> A new sentence affirmative of a foregoing is often introduced by an emphatic <b>sīc</b> or <b>ita</b>.</p> @@ -44232,20 +44222,20 @@ other man. Yes, that is always the way of the world: it seldom judges by truth, often by hearsay.</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page386" id = "page386"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page386"> 386</a></span> <!-- change from h5 to h4 --> -<h4><a name = "complex_nounverb" id = "complex_nounverb" href = +<h4><a id = "complex_nounverb" href = "#complex">NOUNS OF THE VERB.</a></h4> -<h5><a name = "complex_inf" id = "complex_inf" href = +<h5><a id = "complex_inf" href = "#complex_nounverb">THE INFINITIVE.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2160" id = "sec2160" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2160" href = "#complex_inf">2160.</a></b> The infinitive is in its origin a verbal substantive.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2161" id = "sec2161" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2161" href = "#complex_inf">2161.</a></b> The present infinitive active is an ancient dative, closely resembling in meaning and use the English infinitive with <i>to</i>. It originally @@ -44254,28 +44244,28 @@ tense. In virtue of this original timeless character, the present often represents action which is really past or future; in such cases the time must be inferred from the context.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2162" id = "sec2162" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2162" href = "#complex_inf">2162.</a></b> The present infinitive active gradually approached the character of a verb, and the original substantive nature being forgotten, it was supplemented by a passive, and by forms for completed and for future action, active and passive.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2163" id = "sec2163" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2163" href = "#complex_inf">2163.</a></b> The infinitive has furthermore two other properties of the verb: (<i>a.</i>) it is modified by an adverb, not by an adjective; and (<i>b.</i>) it is followed by the construction of its verb.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_inf_old" id = "complex_inf_old" +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_inf_old" href = "#complex_inf">Old and Poetical Use of the Infinitive.</a></h6> -<p class = "header"><a name = "complex_inf_old_1" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "complex_inf_old_1" href = "#complex_inf_old">THE INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2164" id = "sec2164" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2164" href = "#complex_inf_old_1">2164.</a></b> The infinitive denotes purpose: (<i>a.</i>) when loosely added to a substantive in old Latin, (<i>b.</i>) with verbs of motion, @@ -44283,7 +44273,7 @@ substantive in old Latin, (<i>b.</i>) with verbs of motion, Latin, and (<i>c.</i>) in the combination <b>dō bibere</b>, <i>give to drink</i>, in old, colloquial, or poetical Latin: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2164a" id = "sec2164a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2164a">a.</a></i>) <b>occāsiō benefacta cumulāre</b>, Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 423, <i>a chance to pile up kindnesses</i>. Parallel with a gerund: <b>summa ēlūdendī occāsiōst mihi nunc senēs et Phaedriae cūram adimere argentāriam</b>, T. @@ -44305,13 +44295,13 @@ Cicero once with <b>ministrō</b>. In classical prose, purpose is expressed by the subjunctive with <b>ut</b> or a relative pronoun, or by a gerund or gerundive with <b>ad</b> or <b>causā</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2165" id = "sec2165" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2165" href = "#complex_inf_old_1">2165.</a></b> In poetry, the infinitive of purpose is used with synonymes of <b>dō</b> also, and with verbs of leaving, taking away, taking up, &c.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page387" id = "page387"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page387"> 387</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>huic lōrīcam dōnat habēre</b>, V. 5, 259, <i>on him a corselet he bestows to wear</i>. <b>trīstitiam et metūs trādam @@ -44324,11 +44314,11 @@ celebrāre?</b> H. 1, 12, 1, <i>what hero or what demigod dost thou take up, to ring his praises on the rebec or the piercing pipe?</i></p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "complex_inf_old_2" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "complex_inf_old_2" href = "#complex_inf_old">THE INFINITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2166" id = "sec2166" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2166" href = "#complex_inf_old_2">2166.</a></b> The infinitive is sometimes used with adjectives, chiefly by poets of the Augustan age, and late prose writers, often in imitation of a Greek @@ -44346,24 +44336,24 @@ construction, the supine in <b class = "locked">-tū</b> (<b class = "locked">-sū</b>), &c., &c.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_inf_ordinary" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_inf_ordinary" href = "#complex_inf">The Ordinary Use of the Infinitive.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2167" id = "sec2167" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2167" href = "#complex_inf_ordinary">2167.</a></b> The infinitive is ordinarily used either as object or as subject of a verb.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_inf_object" id = "complex_inf_object" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_inf_object" href = "#complex_inf_ordinary">(A.) The Infinitive as Object.</a></h6> -<p class = "header size8"><a name = "complex_inf_complement" id = +<p class = "header size8"><a id = "complex_inf_complement" href = "#complex_inf_object">THE COMPLEMENTARY INFINITIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2168" id = "sec2168" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2168" href = "#complex_inf_complement">2168.</a></b> The present infinitive is often used to complete the meaning of certain kinds of verbs which imply another action of the same subject: as,</p> @@ -44393,9 +44383,9 @@ friends without just cause</i>. <b>illī rēgibus pārēre didicerant</b>, kings</i> (<a href = "#sec1615">1615</a>). <b>dextram cohibēre mementō</b>, J. 5, 71, <i>remember that you keep hands off</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page388" id = "page388"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page388"> 388</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2169" id = "sec2169" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2169" href = "#complex_inf_complement">2169.</a></b> The verbs or verbal expressions which are supplemented by an infinitive are chiefly such as mean <i>can</i>, <i>will</i> or <i>wish</i>, @@ -44420,7 +44410,7 @@ these verbs, see <a href = "#sec2223">2223</a>.</p> <b>sciō</b>, <b>nesciō</b>, <b>recordor</b>, <b>meminī</b>, <b>oblīvīscor</b>; <b>videor</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2170" id = "sec2170" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2170" href = "#complex_inf_complement">2170.</a></b> The infinitive is also used with many verbal expressions equivalent to the above verbs, such as <b>habeō in animō</b>, <b>cōnsilium est</b>, @@ -44433,7 +44423,7 @@ taken by livelier or fresher synonymes, such as <b>valeō</b> for &c., for <b>nōlī</b> (<a href = "#sec1584">1584</a>), &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2171" id = "sec2171" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2171" href = "#complex_inf_complement">2171.</a></b> A predicate noun used in the construction of the complementary infinitive, is put in the nominative: as,</p> @@ -44444,10 +44434,10 @@ mālēbat</b>, S. <i>C.</i> 54, 6, <i>he chose to be good rather than seem good</i>.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "complex_inf_acc" id = "complex_inf_acc" +<p class = "header"><a id = "complex_inf_acc" href = "#complex_inf_object">THE ACCUSATIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2172" id = "sec2172" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2172" href = "#complex_inf_acc">2172.</a></b> A very common form of a dependent sentence is that known as the <i>Accusative with the Infinitive</i>.</p> @@ -44458,7 +44448,7 @@ jesting now</i>, the second may be put in a dependent form, the two sentences blending into one: <b>sciō iocārī tē nunc</b>, <i>I know you to be jesting now</i>.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2173" id = "sec2173" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2173" href = "#complex_inf_acc">2173.</a></b> The subject of an infinitive is put in the accusative.</p> @@ -44472,7 +44462,7 @@ degrees becoming detached from the main verb, and closely interlocked with the infinitive, the combination is extended to cases where the main verb is intransitive or passive.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2174" id = "sec2174" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2174" href = "#complex_inf_acc">2174.</a></b> A predicate noun referring to a subject accusative is itself put in the accusative: as,</p> @@ -44482,13 +44472,13 @@ accusative: as,</p> vīvum capī patiuntur</b>, 8, 35, 5, <i>they do not allow anybody to be made prisoner alive</i> (<a href = "#sec2198">2198</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page389" id = "page389"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page389"> 389</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_inf_acc_1" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_inf_acc_1" href = "#complex_inf_acc">Verbs of Perceiving, Knowing, Thinking, and Saying.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2175" id = "sec2175" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2175" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2175.</a></b> The accusative with the infinitive is used with active verbs or verbal expressions of perceiving, knowing, thinking, and saying: as,</p> @@ -44523,7 +44513,7 @@ verbs used in the sense of <i>think</i> or <i>say</i>, as <b>mittō</b>, <i>send word</i>, and substantives or pronouns expressing a thought or judgement.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2176" id = "sec2176" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2176" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2176.</a></b> The accusative with the infinitive is sometimes introduced by a neuter pronoun, or by <b>sīc</b> or <b>ita</b>: as, <b>illud negābis, tē dē rē @@ -44535,7 +44525,7 @@ told this, that there was not any war</i>. Sometimes by an ablative with toreumata</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 38, <i>about this man report is made to Verres that he had some choice bits of embossed work</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2177" id = "sec2177" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2177" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2177.</a></b> (1.) Passive verbs of this class are commonly used personally in the third person of the present system, with the subject, and the predicate @@ -44548,7 +44538,7 @@ to be no courts of law any longer</i>. <b>pōns prope effectus nūntiābātur</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 1, 62, 3, <i>the bridge was reported to be well-nigh done</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2178" id = "sec2178" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2178" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2178.</a></b> Such personal passives are much more common in the writers of Cicero’s day than in old Latin. Particularly so <b>arguō</b>, <b>audiō</b>, @@ -44558,7 +44548,7 @@ day than in old Latin. Particularly so <b>arguō</b>, <b>audiō</b>, <b>memorō</b>, <b>negō</b>, <b>nūntiō</b>, <b>ostendō</b>, <b>postulō</b>, <b>putō</b>, <b>reperiō</b>, <b>trādō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2179" id = "sec2179" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2179" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2179.</a></b> (2.) With the first or second person the personal construction is rare: as, <b>quod nōs bene ēmisse iūdicātī sumus</b>, <i>Att.</i> 1, 13, 6, @@ -44568,9 +44558,9 @@ prove to have been robbing most abominably</i>. But with <b>videor</b>, <i>seem</i>, the personal construction is the rule in all three persons, and in the perfect system as well as the present.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page390" id = "page390"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page390"> 390</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2180" id = "sec2180" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2180" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2180.</a></b> (3.) In the perfect system, and also usually in the gerundive construction (<a href = "#sec2246">2246</a>), verbs of this class are @@ -44582,7 +44572,7 @@ tyrannus est, ibī̆ dīcendum est nūllam esse rem pūblicam</b>, <i>RP.</i> 3, 43, <i>wherever there is an absolute ruler, there we must maintain there is no commonwealth</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2181" id = "sec2181" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2181" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2181.</a></b> (4.) With some verbs of this class, the impersonal construction is preferred even in the present system. Thus, commonly @@ -44592,7 +44582,7 @@ in classical Latin <b>crēditur</b>; with a dative in Cicero and Caesar <b>fertur</b>, <b>memorātur</b>, <b>prōditur</b>, <b>vidētur</b>, are rare.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2182" id = "sec2182" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2182" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2182.</a></b> The personal construction is sometimes extended to other verbs or verbal expressions, especially in poetry: as, <b>colligor</b>, O. <i>A.</i> 2, @@ -44601,12 +44591,12 @@ magistrātūs veniēbant in suspīciōnem nōs dēmorātī esse</b>, Lentulus in <i>Fam.</i> 12, 15, 5, <i>the magistrates were suspected by some of having delayed us</i> (<a href = "#sec1491">1491</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2183" id = "sec2183" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2183" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2183.</a></b> With verbs of thinking and saying the subject accusative is sometimes omitted.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2183a" id = "sec2183a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2183a">a.</a></i>) Oftenest thus <b>mē nōs</b>, <b>tē vōs</b>, or <b>sē</b>: as, <b>stultē fēcisse fateor</b>, i.e. <b>mē</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 1013, <i>I own I’ve acted like a fool</i>. <b>cōnfitēre vēnisse</b>, i.e. <b>tē</b>, @@ -44620,7 +44610,7 @@ L. 6, 17, 6, <i>they threatened to break the jail open</i>, <i>I imagined he had forgotten</i>. Such omissions are common in old Latin, Cicero, Caesar, Livy, and in poetry.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2184" id = "sec2184" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2184" href = "#complex_inf_acc_1">2184.</a></b> When the accusative is not expressed, a predicate noun is sometimes put in the nominative, chiefly in poetry, in imitation of a Greek idiom: @@ -44637,10 +44627,10 @@ asked</i>. <b>gaudent perfūsī sanguine frātrum</b>, V. <i>G.</i> 2, 510, <i>they’re glad to have been imbued with brothers’ blood</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_inf_acc_2" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_inf_acc_2" href = "#complex_inf_acc">Verbs of Accusing.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2185" id = "sec2185" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2185" href = "#complex_inf_acc_2">2185.</a></b> The verbs of accusing, <b>arguō</b> and <b>īnsimulō</b>, take the accusative with the infinitive like verbs of saying: as,</p> @@ -44653,16 +44643,16 @@ Epicratem litterās pūblicās corrūpisse</b>, <i>V.</i> 2, 60, <i>they began to accuse Epicrates of having falsified records of state</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_inf_acc_3" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_inf_acc_3" href = "#complex_inf_acc">Verbs of Hoping, Promising, and Threatening.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2186" id = "sec2186" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2186" href = "#complex_inf_acc_3">2186.</a></b> The accusative with the future infinitive is used with verbs of hoping, promising, and threatening: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page391" id = "page391"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page391"> 391</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>id sēsē effectūrōs spērābant</b>, 7, 26, 2, <i>they hoped to carry it out</i>. <b>pollicentur sēsē ē̆ī @@ -44671,10 +44661,10 @@ sometimes the present infinitive alone: see <a href = "#sec2236">2236</a>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_inf_acc_4" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_inf_acc_4" href = "#complex_inf_acc">Verbs of Emotion.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2187" id = "sec2187" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2187" href = "#complex_inf_acc_4">2187.</a></b> The accusative with the infinitive is sometimes used with verbs of joy, grief, surprise, or wonder: as,</p> @@ -44685,17 +44675,17 @@ grief, surprise, or wonder: as,</p> verbs often have the construction with <b>quod</b>, or in old Latin with <b>quia</b> (<a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2188" id = "sec2188" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2188" href = "#complex_inf_acc_4">2188.</a></b> Some of the commonest of these verbs are <b>doleō</b>, <b>gaudeō</b>, <b>laetor</b>, <b>mīror</b>, &c., &c.; and from Cicero on, <b>angor</b>, <b>indignor</b>, <b>lūgeō</b>, <b>sollicitō</b>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_inf_acc_5" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_inf_acc_5" href = "#complex_inf_acc">Verbs of Desire.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2189" id = "sec2189" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2189" href = "#complex_inf_acc_5">2189.</a></b> (1.) The accusative with the infinitive is commonly used with <b>volō</b> (<b>mālō</b>, <b>nōlō</b>), and <b>cupiō</b>, when the @@ -44707,7 +44697,7 @@ deōs</b>, <i>V.</i> 2, 22, <i>he wanted men to sin rather than gods</i>. <b>tē tuā fruī virtūte cupimus</b>, <i>Br.</i> 331, <i>we wish you to reap the benefit of your high character</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2190" id = "sec2190" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2190" href = "#complex_inf_acc_5">2190.</a></b> (2.) Even when the subjects denote the same person, the accusative is sometimes used with the infinitive: as,</p> @@ -44723,19 +44713,19 @@ not wish to seem over lax</i>. Rarely thus with <b>dēsīderō</b>, <b>nōlō</b>, <b>optō</b>, and <b>studeō</b>, and in Sallust with <b>properō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2191" id = "sec2191" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2191" href = "#complex_inf_acc_5">2191.</a></b> For the perfect active with these verbs, see <a href = "#sec2228">2228</a>; for the perfect passive, 2229.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2192" id = "sec2192" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2192" href = "#complex_inf_acc_5">2192.</a></b> <b>volō</b>, <b>mālō</b>, and <b>cupiō</b> are often coordinated with the subjunctive of desire (<a href = "#sec1707">1707</a>). <b>volō</b> and <b>mālō</b> often have the subjunctive with <b>ut</b>, particularly in old Latin (<a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2193" id = "sec2193" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2193" href = "#complex_inf_acc_5">2193.</a></b> Verbs of resolving sometimes take the accusative with the infinitive: as, <b>certum offirmāre est viam mē</b>, T. <i>Hec.</i> 454, @@ -44745,7 +44735,7 @@ sense of <b>volō</b> or <b>iubeō</b>, <i>think it best</i>: as, <b>velle et cēnsēre eōs ab armīs discēdere</b>, S. <i>I.</i> 21, 4, <i>that they wished and thought it best for those people to give up fighting</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2194" id = "sec2194" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2194" href = "#complex_inf_acc_5">2194.</a></b> The accusative with the infinitive is sometimes used with verbs of demanding: as, <b>hau postulō equidem mēd in lectō accumbere</b>, Pl. @@ -44754,20 +44744,20 @@ couch</i>. <b>hīc postulat sē absolvī?</b> <i>V.</i> 3, 138, <i>does this man ask to be acquitted?</i> Similarly with <b>ōrō</b> and <b>praecipiō</b> in late writers.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page392" id = "page392"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page392"> 392</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2195" id = "sec2195" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2195" href = "#complex_inf_acc_5">2195.</a></b> The accusative with the infinitive is sometimes found with <b>suādeō</b> and <b>persuādeō</b> in Terence, Lucretius, and Vergil, and with <b>precor</b> in Ovid and late prose.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_inf_acc_6" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_inf_acc_6" href = "#complex_inf_acc">Verbs of Accomplishing.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2196" id = "sec2196" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2196" href = "#complex_inf_acc_6">2196.</a></b> Verbs of accomplishing rarely have the accusative with the infinitive: as, <b>tālīs ōrātōrēs vidērī facit, quālīs ipsī sē vidērī volunt</b>, @@ -44776,11 +44766,11 @@ wish to appear themselves</i>. Oftenest in poetry. In prose usually the subjunctive with <b>ut</b> (<a href = "#sec1951">1951</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_inf_acc_7" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_inf_acc_7" href = "#complex_inf_acc">Verbs of Teaching and Training.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2197" id = "sec2197" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2197" href = "#complex_inf_acc_7">2197.</a></b> The verbs of teaching and training, <b>doceō</b> and <b>adsuēfaciō</b>, may take an accusative of a substantive and an infinitive expressing the @@ -44794,11 +44784,11 @@ trained to stand stock-still</i> (<a href = "#sec1608">1608</a>). Compare 1169.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_inf_acc_8" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_inf_acc_8" href = "#complex_inf_acc">Verbs of Bidding and Forbidding and of Allowing.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2198" id = "sec2198" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2198" href = "#complex_inf_acc_8">2198.</a></b> The accusative with the infinitive is used with <b>iubeō</b> and <b>vetō</b>, <b>sinō</b> and <b>patior</b>: as,</p> @@ -44816,7 +44806,7 @@ thus. Other constructions also occur with these words: see <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>, <a href = "#sec1953">1953</a>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2199" id = "sec2199" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2199" href = "#complex_inf_acc_8">2199.</a></b> The person ordered or forbidden is often omitted, when stress is laid on the action merely, or when the person is obvious from the context: as, @@ -44827,13 +44817,13 @@ proclaim</i>. <b>īdemque iussērunt simulācrum Iovis facere maius</b>, i.e. <b>cōnsulēs</b>, <i>C.</i> 3, 20, <i>and they furthermore gave directions to make a statue of Jupiter, a bigger one</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2200" id = "sec2200" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2200" href = "#complex_inf_acc_8">2200.</a></b> <b>iubeō</b> is sometimes coordinated with the subjunctive, especially in old Latin (<a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>). Sometimes it has the subjunctive with <b>ut</b>, especially in resolves of the people.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2201" id = "sec2201" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2201" href = "#complex_inf_acc_8">2201.</a></b> In the passive, <b>iubeō</b>, <b>vetō</b>, and <b>sinō</b> are used personally, the accusative of the person ordered or forbidden becoming @@ -44843,9 +44833,9 @@ are ordered to raise an army</i>. <b>Nōlānī mūrōs adīre vetitī</b>, L. <b>hīc accūsāre eum nōn est situs</b>, <i>Sest.</i> 95, <i>this man was not allowed to accuse him</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page393" id = "page393"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page393"> 393</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2202" id = "sec2202" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2202" href = "#complex_inf_acc_8">2202.</a></b> <b>imperō</b> often has the accusative with a passive or deponent infinitive, or with <b>fierī</b>: as, <b>praesentem pecūniam solvī @@ -44862,7 +44852,7 @@ has sometimes the accusative with the infinitive from Tacitus on, usually the subjunctive with <b>ut</b> (<a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2203" id = "sec2203" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2203" href = "#complex_inf_acc_8">2203.</a></b> The verbs of hindering, <b>prohibeō</b> and <b>impediō</b>, sometimes have the accusative with the infinitive: as, <b>barbarī nostrōs nāvibus @@ -44875,17 +44865,17 @@ be probable?</i> See also <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a> and <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_inf_acc_9" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_inf_acc_9" href = "#complex_inf_acc">The Infinitive as a Substantive Accusative.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2204" id = "sec2204" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2204" href = "#complex_inf_acc_9">2204.</a></b> The accusative with the infinitive, or the infinitive alone, regarded as a neuter substantive, may be used as the object of a verb, or in apposition with the object: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2204a" id = "sec2204a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2204a">a.</a></i>) <b>leporem gustāre fās nōn putant</b>, 5, 12, 6, <i>tasting hare they count a sin</i>. <b>errāre malum dūcimus</b>, <i>Off.</i> 1, 18, <i>going astray we hold a bad thing</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>ad id quod @@ -44894,7 +44884,7 @@ esse accommodātam putō</b>, <i>Br.</i> 74, <i>I think your accurate scholarship is just the thing for your projected task—classifying public speakers chronologically</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2205" id = "sec2205" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2205" href = "#complex_inf_acc_9">2205.</a></b> The infinitive as a substantive is rarely preceded by the preposition <b>inter</b> in late prose: as, <b>multum interest inter dare et @@ -44903,7 +44893,7 @@ between ‘give’ and ‘take.’</i> Cicero has it thus once in a translation (<i>Fin.</i> 2, 43). In poetry <b>praeter</b> is thus used rarely.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2206" id = "sec2206" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2206" href = "#complex_inf_acc_9">2206.</a></b> In poetry, the infinitive is used as a substantive object with such verbs as <b>dō</b>, <b>reddō</b>, <b>adimō</b>, <b>perdō</b>: as, <b>hīc @@ -44911,17 +44901,17 @@ verērī perdidit</b>, Pl. <i>B.</i> 158, <i>this youth has lost his sense of shame</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_inf_subject" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_inf_subject" href = "#complex_inf_ordinary">(B.) The Infinitive as Subject.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2207" id = "sec2207" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2207" href = "#complex_inf_subject">2207.</a></b> The accusative with the infinitive, or the infinitive alone, present or perfect, may be used as the subject of a verb, in apposition with the subject, or as a predicate nominative: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2207a" id = "sec2207a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2207a">a.</a></i>) <b>mendācem memorem esse oportēre</b>, Quintil. 4, 2, 91, <i>that a liar should have a good memory</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>sequitur illud, caedem senātum iūdicāsse contrā rem pūblicam esse factam</b>, @@ -44931,16 +44921,16 @@ fuit ōrātiōnis, sibī̆ nūllam cum hīs amīcitiam esse posse</b>, 4, 8, 1, <i>the end of the speech was that he could not have any friendship with these people</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page394" id = "page394"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page394"> 394</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2208" id = "sec2208" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2208" href = "#complex_inf_subject">2208.</a></b> The infinitive is used as the subject (<i>a.</i>) with impersonal verbs, (<i>b.</i>) with <b>est</b>, <b>putātur</b>, <b>habētur</b>, &c., and an abstract substantive, a genitive, or a neuter adjective in the predicate.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2209" id = "sec2209" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2209" href = "#complex_inf_subject">2209.</a></b> (a.) Some of the commonest impersonal verbs are <b>appāret</b>, <b>decet</b>, <b>expedit</b>, <b>licet</b>, <b>lubet</b>, @@ -44952,7 +44942,7 @@ classical Latin, <b>attinet</b>, <b>condūcit</b>, <b>cōnstat</b>, <b>prōdest</b>, which are used as live verbs by Lucretius and Sallust also. Similarly in Plautus and Terence <b>fortasse</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2210" id = "sec2210" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2210" href = "#complex_inf_subject">2210.</a></b> The infinitive is occasionally used as a subject with verbs other than the above (<a href = "#sec2209">2209</a>): as, <b>nōn cadit invidēre in @@ -44961,7 +44951,7 @@ of a sage</i>. <b>carēre hoc sīgnificat, egēre eō quod habēre velīs</b>, <i>TD.</i> 1, 88, <b>careō</b> <i>means not having what you would like to have</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2211" id = "sec2211" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2211" href = "#complex_inf_subject">2211.</a></b> (b.) Some of the commonest abstracts used thus with <b>est</b> are <b>fāma</b>, <b>fās</b> and <b>nefās</b>, <b>fidēs</b>, <b>iūs</b>, @@ -44974,7 +44964,7 @@ adjectives are such as <b>aequum</b>, <b>inīquum</b>, <b>manifestum</b>, <b>necesse</b>, <b>pār</b>, <b>rēctum</b>, &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2212" id = "sec2212" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2212" href = "#complex_inf_subject">2212.</a></b> The accusative is not expressed when it is indefinite, <i>you</i>, <i>a man</i>, <i>a person</i>, <i>anybody</i>, frequently also when it is @@ -44993,7 +44983,7 @@ man is at liberty to sin</i>. An indefinite <b>hominem</b>, hominem ēducāre</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 703, <i>it is a crown of glory for a man a family to rear</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2213" id = "sec2213" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2213" href = "#complex_inf_subject">2213.</a></b> (1.) A predicate noun referring to the unexpressed indefinite subject of the infinitive is put in the accusative: as,</p> @@ -45007,7 +44997,7 @@ the greatest possible wealth</i>. A plural predicate is rare: as, would be a grand thing for people to be satisfied with home examples</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2214" id = "sec2214" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2214" href = "#complex_inf_subject">2214.</a></b> (2.) When the subject of the infinitive is implied in a dative, a predicate noun may also be in the <ins class = "correction" title @@ -45023,9 +45013,9 @@ as, <b>haec praescrīpta servantem licet magnificē vīvere</b>, <i>Off.</i> 1, 92, <i>a man who holds to these rules may live a noble life</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page395" id = "page395"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page395"> 395</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2215" id = "sec2215" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2215" href = "#complex_inf_subject">2215.</a></b> The infinitive, used as a substantive in the nominative or <ins class = "correction" title = ", missing">accusative,</ins> sometimes has a @@ -45040,11 +45030,11 @@ probrō</b>, Pl. <i>Cur.</i> 28, <i>so shape thy wooing that it be to thee no shame</i>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline2"><a name = "complex_inf_excl" id = +<h6 class = "topline2"><a id = "complex_inf_excl" href = "#complex_inf">THE INFINITIVE OF EXCLAMATION.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2216" id = "sec2216" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2216" href = "#complex_inf_excl">2216.</a></b> The infinitive alone, or the accusative with the infinitive, is sometimes used in exclamations of surprise, incredulity, disapproval, or @@ -45064,21 +45054,21 @@ your sound sense</i>. The exclamatory infinitive is chiefly confined to Plautus, Terence, and Cicero.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_inf_intim" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_inf_intim" href = "#complex_inf">THE INFINITIVE OF INTIMATION.</a></h6> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2217" id = "sec2217" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2217" href = "#complex_inf_intim">2217.</a></b> This infinitive has already been spoken of; see <a href = "#sec1535">1535-1539</a>.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "complex_inf_tenses" id = +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "complex_inf_tenses" href = "#complex_inf">THE TENSES OF THE INFINITIVE.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2218" id = "sec2218" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2218" href = "#complex_inf_tenses">2218.</a></b> The present infinitive represents action as going on, the perfect as completed, and the future as not yet begun, at the time of the action of @@ -45089,10 +45079,10 @@ conveniently called tenses, though this designation is not strictly applicable.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_inf_tenses_1" id = "complex_inf_tenses_1" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_inf_tenses_1" href = "#complex_inf_tenses">The Present Tense.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2219" id = "sec2219" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2219" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_1">2219.</a></b> In itself, the present infinitive denotes action merely as going on, without any reference to time. With some verbs, however, which look to @@ -45100,9 +45090,9 @@ the future, the present relates to action in the immediate future. With verbs of perceiving, knowing, thinking, and saying, it denotes action as going on at the time of the verb: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page396" id = "page396"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page396"> 396</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2219a" id = "sec2219a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2219a">a.</a></i>) <b>facinus est vincīre cīvem Rōmānum</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 170, <i>it is a crime to put a Roman in irons</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>audīre cupiō</b>, <i>Caec.</i> 33, <i>I am eager to hear</i>. <b>Antium mē recipere @@ -45114,7 +45104,7 @@ third of May</i>. (<i>c.</i>) <b>errāre eōs dīcunt</b>, 5, 41, 5, esse amīcōs?</b> <i>V.</i> 2, 155, <i>will you say the Sicilians are friends of yours?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2220" id = "sec2220" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2220" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_1">2220.</a></b> The present infinitive is sometimes used with <b>meminī</b>, <b>recordor</b>, <b>memoriā teneō</b>, and with some analogous @@ -45141,7 +45131,7 @@ said to fly to arms, and not to have blushed in presence of her brother gods</i>. Here <b>capere</b> relates to the same completed action as the more exact <b>ērubuisse</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2221" id = "sec2221" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2221" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_1">2221.</a></b> With verbs of saying, used in the narrower sense of promising, the present infinitive sometimes stands for the future (<a href = @@ -45154,7 +45144,7 @@ said he’d fetch me</i> (<a href = "#sec2186">2186</a>). <b>quae imperārentur facere dīxērunt</b>, 2, 32, 3, <i>they agreed to do what was commanded</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2222" id = "sec2222" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2222" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_1">2222.</a></b> The present infinitive dependent on a past tense of <b>dēbeō</b>, <b>oportet</b>, <b>possum</b>, often requires the English perfect @@ -45163,10 +45153,10 @@ infinitive in translation: as, <b>quid enim facere poterāmus?</b> 1495. For the infinitive perfect, see <a href = "#sec2230">2230</a>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_inf_tenses_2" id = "complex_inf_tenses_2" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_inf_tenses_2" href = "#complex_inf_tenses">The Perfect Tense.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2223" id = "sec2223" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2223" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_2">2223.</a></b> (1.) The perfect active infinitive sometimes serves as a complement of <b>dēbeō</b>, <b>volō</b>, <b>possum</b>, &c. (<a href = @@ -45183,9 +45173,9 @@ information acquired?</i> <b>bellum quod possumus ante hiemem perfēcisse</b>, L. 37, 19, 5, <i>the war which we can have ended up before winter</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page397" id = "page397"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page397"> 397</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2224" id = "sec2224" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2224" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_2">2224.</a></b> (2.) In prohibitions, the perfect active infinitive often serves as a complement of <b>nōlō</b> or <b>volō</b> (<a href = @@ -45204,7 +45194,7 @@ resort to the Bacchants</i> (<a href = "#sec765">765</a>; <a href = <i>RR.</i> 5, 4, <i>he must not venture to have bought anything without his master’s knowledge</i>, of a head farm-steward.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2225" id = "sec2225" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2225" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_2">2225.</a></b> In poetry of the Augustan age, the complementary perfect infinitive active is sometimes dependent on a verb of will or effort, such as @@ -45212,7 +45202,7 @@ active is sometimes dependent on a verb of will or effort, such as inposuisse Olympō</b>, H. 3, 4, 51, <i>on shadowy Olympus striving Pelion to have piled</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2226" id = "sec2226" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2226" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_2">2226.</a></b> Any past tense of the indicative, when made dependent on a verb of perceiving, knowing, thinking, or saying, is represented by the perfect @@ -45228,7 +45218,7 @@ and the <b>imperāvisse</b> may represent <b>imperābat</b>, <b>praecō dīxisse prōnūntiat</b>, <i>V.</i> 2, 75, <i>the crier proclaims ‘speaking finished’</i> (<a href = "#sec1605">1605</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2227" id = "sec2227" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2227" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_2">2227.</a></b> The perfect infinitive passive with <b>fuisse</b> denotes a past resulting state: as,</p> @@ -45241,7 +45231,7 @@ fuisse</b> represents <b>ōrnātae erant</b> (<a href = "#sec1615">1615</a>), and <b>obsessam esse</b> represents <b>obsidēbātur</b> (<a href = "#sec1595">1595</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2228" id = "sec2228" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2228" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_2">2228.</a></b> (1.) The perfect active infinitive is sometimes used with <b>nōlō</b> or <b>volō</b>, especially in poetry, when the subject of the infinitive is @@ -45252,7 +45242,7 @@ as,</p> L. 30, 14, 6, <i>I only wish you had this good quality added to the rest</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2229" id = "sec2229" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2229" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_2">2229.</a></b> (2.) <b>volō</b> often has an emphatic perfect passive infinitive, usually without <b>esse</b> (<a href = "#sec2230">2230</a>); less @@ -45267,9 +45257,9 @@ Caesar or Sallust. Also with impersonal infinitives (<a href = cōnsultum</b>, <i>Att.</i> 16, 16<sup>c</sup>, 10, <i>you must forget that the man wanted your enemy provided for</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page398" id = "page398"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page398"> 398</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2230" id = "sec2230" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2230" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_2">2230.</a></b> The perfect infinitive passive or deponent, commonly without <b>esse</b>, is often used in Plautus, Terence, and Cicero, by @@ -45282,7 +45272,7 @@ less common: as, <b>cāvisse oportuit</b>, Pl. <i>Am.</i> 944, <i>you should have been upon your guard</i>. For <b>volō</b>, <b>cupiō</b>, <b>nōlō</b>, see <a href = "#sec2229">2229</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2231" id = "sec2231" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2231" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_2">2231.</a></b> The perfect infinitive of completed action is very common with such expressions as <b>satis est</b>, <b>satis habeō</b>, <b>iuvat</b>, @@ -45293,15 +45283,15 @@ have reached the end of the Punic war</i>. Oftentimes, however, in verse, the use of the perfect is partly due to the metre.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_inf_tenses_3" id = "complex_inf_tenses_3" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_inf_tenses_3" href = "#complex_inf_tenses">The Future Tense.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2232" id = "sec2232" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2232" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_3">2232.</a></b> The future infinitive is only used as a representative of the indicative, and not as a substantive.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2233" id = "sec2233" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2233" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_3">2233.</a></b> For the future infinitive active or passive, a circumlocution with <b>fore</b> or <b>futūrum esse</b> with <b>ut</b> and the subjunctive @@ -45313,14 +45303,14 @@ the verb has no future participle or supine: as,</p> ipsī sē dī ulcīscerentur</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 87, <i>they cried out that the gods would avenge themselves</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2234" id = "sec2234" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2234" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_3">2234.</a></b> <b>fore</b> with the perfect participle of a passive or deponent, represents the future perfect of direct discourse: as, <b>dēbellātum mox fore rēbantur</b>, L. 23, 13, 6, <i>they thought the war would soon be over</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2235" id = "sec2235" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2235" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_3">2235.</a></b> (1.) The future infinitive is commonly used with <b>iūrō</b>, <b>minor</b>, <b>polliceor</b>, <b>prōmittō</b>, and <b>spērō</b>, @@ -45334,7 +45324,7 @@ Caes. <i>C.</i> 2, 13, 4, <i>which they threatened they would do</i>. <b>obsidēs datūrōs pollicitī sunt</b>, 4, 27, 1, <i>they volunteered to give hostages</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2236" id = "sec2236" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2236" href = "#complex_inf_tenses_3">2236.</a></b> (2.) A looser present infinitive is sometimes used with the above verbs, especially in old Latin, generally without a subject accusative. Thus @@ -45349,19 +45339,19 @@ as, <b>tōtīus Galliae sēsē potīrī posse spērant</b>, 1, 3, 8, <i>they hope to be able to get the control of the whole of Gaul</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page399" id = "page399"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page399"> 399</a></span> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_gerund" id = "complex_gerund" +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_gerund" href = "#complex_nounverb">THE GERUNDIVE AND GERUND.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2237" id = "sec2237" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2237" href = "#complex_gerund">2237.</a></b> The gerundive is a verbal adjective (<a href = "#sec899">899</a>). The gerund is a neuter verbal substantive, used only in the oblique cases of the singular. Both gerundives and gerunds express, in a noun form, the uncompleted action of the verb.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2238" id = "sec2238" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2238" href = "#complex_gerund">2238.</a></b> Gerundives and gerunds, like the English verbal in <i>-ing</i>, were originally neither active nor passive (<a href = "#sec288">288</a>), but @@ -45374,16 +45364,16 @@ verb; but for the gerund of verbs of transitive use, see <a href = "#sec2242">2242</a>, <a href = "#sec2255">2255</a>, <a href = "#sec2259">2259</a>, <a href = "#sec2265">2265</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2239" id = "sec2239" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2239" href = "#complex_gerund">2239.</a></b> Both gerundives and gerunds are modified like verbs, by adverbs, not by adjectives.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_gerund_1" id = "complex_gerund_1" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_gerund_1" href = "#complex_gerund">(1.) The Gerundive Construction.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2240" id = "sec2240" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2240" href = "#complex_gerund_1">2240.</a></b> The gerundive expresses, in an adjective form, the uncompleted action of a verb of transitive use exerted on a substantive object, the @@ -45402,10 +45392,10 @@ scientissimus</b>, <i>DO.</i> 1, 214, <i>a man of great experience in state-managing</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_gerund_2" id = "complex_gerund_2" href = +<h6><a id = "complex_gerund_2" href = "#complex_gerund">(2.) The Gerund.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2241" id = "sec2241" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2241" href = "#complex_gerund_2">2241.</a></b> The gerund expresses, in a substantive form, the uncompleted action of a verb which has no direct object.</p> @@ -45417,9 +45407,9 @@ quaeritandō</b>, Pl. <i>Am.</i> 1014, <i>I’m all worn out with hunting</i>. <b>sē experiendō didicisse</b>, Ta. 1, 11, <i>he had learned by experience</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page400" id = "page400"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page400"> 400</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2242" id = "sec2242" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2242" href = "#complex_gerund_2">2242.</a></b> Gerunds of verbs of transitive use are exceptionally found with a substantive object (2255, 2259, <a href = "#sec2265">2265</a>), and @@ -45437,14 +45427,14 @@ false</i>. <b>regendī cūncta onus</b>, Ta. 1, 11, <i>the burden of governing the world</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "complex_gerund_cases" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "complex_gerund_cases" href = "#complex_gerund_2">Cases of Gerunds and Gerundives.</a></p> -<h6><a name = "complex_gerund_cases_1" id = "complex_gerund_cases_1" +<h6><a id = "complex_gerund_cases_1" href = "#complex_gerund_cases">Nominative.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2243" id = "sec2243" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2243" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_1">2243.</a></b> The nominative of the gerundive construction, as the subject of <b>sum</b>, denotes action which is to be done.</p> @@ -45478,7 +45468,7 @@ ought to show my gratitude to him?</i> <b>quid ā mē amplius dīcendum putātis?</b> <i>V.</i> 3, 60, <i>what more do you think that I need say?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2244" id = "sec2244" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2244" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_1">2244.</a></b> <b>fruendus</b>, <b>fungendus</b>, <b>potiundus</b>, <b>ūtendus</b>, <b>vēscendus</b>, are also used in this construction, chiefly in the @@ -45492,9 +45482,9 @@ obtain, but enjoy as well</i>, of wisdom. <b>nec tamen est potiunda tibī</b>, O. 9, 754, <i>she is not to be won by thee</i>. Examples of the oblique cases in this use are cited below.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page401" id = "page401"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page401"> 401</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2245" id = "sec2245" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2245" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_1">2245.</a></b> <b>habeō</b> with the gerundive, as an equivalent of <b>est mihī̆</b>, <b>est tibī̆</b>, &c. (<a href = "#sec2243">2243</a>), is sometimes @@ -45509,7 +45499,7 @@ difference whether you have to speak about a theft or about the murder of Romans</i>. <b>sī nunc prīmum statuendum habērēmus</b>, Ta. 14, 44, <i>if we had to decide the point to-day for the first time</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2246" id = "sec2246" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2246" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_1">2246.</a></b> The neuter of verbs of intransitive use takes the impersonal construction with <b>est</b>. Verbs ordinarily transitive also take the @@ -45527,7 +45517,7 @@ die</i>. <b>nēmō umquam sapiēns prōditōrī crēdendum putāvit</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 38, <i>no wise man ever held that a traitor was to be trusted</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2247" id = "sec2247" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2247" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_1">2247.</a></b> The impersonal construction with an object in the accusative, is old-fashioned and rare.</p> @@ -45539,7 +45529,7 @@ in death to fear</i>. This construction occurs oftenest in Lucretius and Varro; once in Plautus, a few times in Cicero for special reasons, and here and there in later writers. Not in Caesar or Horace.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2248" id = "sec2248" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2248" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_1">2248.</a></b> The gerundive sometimes acquires, in itself, the meaning of obligation or propriety, which it properly has only when combined with <b>sum</b>, @@ -45556,7 +45546,7 @@ habentīs</b>, L. 45, 27, 11, <i>Athens, which contains many sights worth a visit</i>. For <b>volvendus</b> &c., see <a href = "#sec288">288</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2249" id = "sec2249" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2249" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_1">2249.</a></b> The attributive gerundive (<a href = "#sec2248">2248</a>), particularly with a negative, <b>in-</b> privative, or <b>vix</b>, may denote @@ -45573,12 +45563,12 @@ erat crēdendum</b>, 5, 28, 1, <i>it was hardly credible</i>. well</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page402" id = "page402"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page402"> 402</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_gerund_cases_2" id = "complex_gerund_cases_2" +<h6><a id = "complex_gerund_cases_2" href = "#complex_gerund_cases">Accusative.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2250" id = "sec2250" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2250" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_2">2250.</a></b> (1.) The accusative of the gerundive construction is used with <b>locō</b> and <b>condūcō</b>, with <b>suscipiō</b>, <b>habeō</b>, and @@ -45592,7 +45582,7 @@ an explanatory appendage, acquires the meaning of purpose. So in Plautus with the verbs of asking (<b>rogō</b> and <b>petō</b>); in Cicero with <b>posco</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2250a" id = "sec2250a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2250a">a.</a></i>) <b>caedundum condūxī ego illum :: tum optumumst locēs efferendum</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 567, <i>I engaged him for killing :: then you’d better contract for his funeral</i> (<a href = "#sec1709">1709</a>). @@ -45606,7 +45596,7 @@ tuendam</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 130, <i>he had the looking after the temple</i>. <b>agrum dē nostrō patre colendum habēbat</b>, T. <i>Ph.</i> 364, <i>he had the tilling of a farm from my father</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2250b" id = "sec2250b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2250b">b.</a></i>) <span class = "smallroman">COIRAVIT · BASILICAM · CALECANDAM</span>, CIL. I, 1166, <i>he superintended the town hall plastering</i>. <b>pontem faciendum cūrat</b>, 1, 13, 1, <i>he attends to a bridge’s @@ -45624,13 +45614,13 @@ comedenda relinquēs</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 7, 19, <i>you’ll leave them to the pigs to eat</i>. <b>cīvīs Rōmānōs trucīdandōs dēnotāvit</b>, <i>IP.</i> 7, <i>he specified Romans for slaughter</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2250c" id = "sec2250c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2250c">c.</a></i>) <b>quae ūtenda vāsa semper vīcīnī rogant</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 96, <i>traps that the neighbours are always asking the use of</i>. <b>artoptam ex proxumō ūtendam petō</b>, Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 400, <i>I’m going for the use of a breadpan from next door</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2251" id = "sec2251" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2251" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_2">2251.</a></b> When such a verb is passive, the accusative becomes nominative.</p> @@ -45641,7 +45631,7 @@ When such a verb is passive, the accusative becomes nominative.</p> <b>trāditīque fētiālibus Caudium dūcendī</b>, L. 9, 10, 2, <i>and they were delivered to the fetials to be taken to Caudium</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2252" id = "sec2252" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2252" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_2">2252.</a></b> (2.) The accusative of the gerundive construction or gerund is used with a preposition, usually <b>ad</b>. If the verb is of transitive use, the @@ -45652,9 +45642,9 @@ verbs of hindering), with substantives generally to denote purpose, and with adjectives which have the meaning of <i>capable</i>, <i>fit</i>, <i>easy</i>, <i>useful</i>, &c., &c.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page403" id = "page403"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page403"> 403</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2252a" id = "sec2252a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2252a">a.</a></i>) <b>hic in noxiāst, ille ad dīcendam causam adest</b>, T. <i>Ph.</i> 266, <i>when A’s in trouble, B turns up to make excuses for him</i>. <b>ad pācem petendam ad Hannibalem vēnit</b>, L. 21, 13, 1, <i>he is @@ -45677,7 +45667,7 @@ fellow’s trained at playing tricks</i>. <b>ūtēbātur eō cibō quī esset facillimus ad concoquendum</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 2, 64, <i>he made use of the sort of food which was easiest to digest</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2253" id = "sec2253" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2253" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_2">2253.</a></b> Other prepositions are sometimes used: as, <b>inter</b>, in old Latin, Vergil, Livy, and later writers; <b>ob</b>, once in Ennius, rarely in @@ -45691,10 +45681,10 @@ iūdicandam pecūniam accipere</b>, <i>V.</i> 2, 78, <i>to take money for passing judgement on a case</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_gerund_cases_3" id = "complex_gerund_cases_3" +<h6><a id = "complex_gerund_cases_3" href = "#complex_gerund_cases">Dative.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2254" id = "sec2254" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2254" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_3">2254.</a></b> The dative of the gerundive construction is used with adjectives, verbs, and phrases of ability, attention, and adaptation, with titles of @@ -45727,14 +45717,14 @@ three for reorganizing the state</i>. <b>comitia collēgae subrogandō habuit</b>, L. 2, 8, 3, <i>he held an election for appointing a colleague</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2255" id = "sec2255" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2255" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_3">2255.</a></b> In the dative, a transitive gerund with an object in the accusative is found four times in Plautus; in Ovid, Livy, and Vitruvius once each.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page404" id = "page404"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page404"> 404</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2256" id = "sec2256" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2256" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_3">2256.</a></b> Late writers sometimes use the dative of the gerundive construction instead of a final clause (<a href = "#sec1961">1961</a>): as,</p> @@ -45746,7 +45736,7 @@ sit īnfantibus pullīs</b>, Plin. <i>NH.</i> 10, 92, <i>they line the nest with soft feathers to warm the eggs, and also to prevent it from being uncomfortable to their young brood</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2257" id = "sec2257" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2257" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_3">2257.</a></b> The dative of the gerund is used chiefly by old and late writers, and is confined in the best prose to a few special phrases.</p> @@ -45760,15 +45750,15 @@ was put in writing</i>. <b>quod scrībendō adfuistī</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 15, 6, 2, <i>because you were present at the writing</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_gerund_cases_4" id = "complex_gerund_cases_4" +<h6><a id = "complex_gerund_cases_4" href = "#complex_gerund_cases">Genitive.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2258" id = "sec2258" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2258" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_4">2258.</a></b> (1.) The genitive of the gerundive construction or gerund is used with substantives or adjectives.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2258a" id = "sec2258a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2258a">a.</a></i>) <b>tacendī tempus est</b>, Pl. <i>Poen.</i> 741, <i>it’s time to be still</i>. <b>spēs potiundī oppidī</b>, 2, 7, 2, <i>the hope of overpowering the town</i> (<a href = "#sec2244">2244</a>). <b>summa @@ -45787,7 +45777,7 @@ fungendī grātiā</b>, <i>RP.</i> 1, 27, <i>for the sake of doing one’s duty</i>. <b>illīusce sacrī coercendī ergō</b>, Cato, <i>RR.</i> 139, <i>because of thinning out yon hallowed grove</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2258b" id = "sec2258b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2258b">b.</a></i>) <b>quam cupida eram hūc redeundī</b>, T. <i>Hec.</i> 91, <i>how eager I was to return here</i>. <b>homine perītō dēfīniendī</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 60, <i>a man accomplished in drawing distinctions</i>. <b>perpessus @@ -45803,13 +45793,13 @@ Terence, and the gerund not in Plautus. Terence has the gerund with <b>cupidus</b>, Cato with <b>studiōsus</b>. The construction is of slow growth before Tacitus, who greatly developed it.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2259" id = "sec2259" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2259" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_4">2259.</a></b> In the genitive, a transitive gerund with an object in the accusative is rare except in Plautus; ordinarily the gerundive is used (<a href = "#sec2240">2240</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page405" id = "page405"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page405"> 405</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>tē dēfrūdandī causā</b>, Pl. <i>Men.</i> 687, <i>for the purpose of cheating you</i>. <b>cupidus tē audiendī</b>, @@ -45822,7 +45812,7 @@ freeing themselves and taking vengeance on the Romans</i>. <b>sīgnum colligendī vāsa dedit</b>, L. 24, 16, 14, <i>he gave the signal to pack their things</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2260" id = "sec2260" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2260" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_4">2260.</a></b> <b>nostrī</b>, <b>vostrī</b> (or <b>vestrī</b>), and <b>suī</b>, being singular in form (<a href = "#sec649">649</a>) have often a singular @@ -45835,7 +45825,7 @@ tempus ulcīscendī suī</b>, <i>Sest.</i> 28, <i>that the time was come for them to revenge themselves</i>. <b>vestrī adhortandī causā</b>, L. 21, 41, 1, <i>for the purpose of encouraging you</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2261" id = "sec2261" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2261" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_4">2261.</a></b> Sometimes another genitive appears beside the genitive of the gerund, each perhaps dependent on the main word. This use is found in old Latin, @@ -45849,7 +45839,7 @@ solvendī tempus</b>, Lucr. 5, 1225, <i>the time of paying penalties</i>. of picking out examples</i>. <b>lūcis tuendī cōpiam</b>, Pl. <i>Cap.</i> 1008, <i>a chance to look upon the light</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2262" id = "sec2262" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2262" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_4">2262.</a></b> (2.) The genitive of the gerundive construction is used predicatively with <b>sum</b>.</p> @@ -45866,7 +45856,7 @@ which they believe serves to break down the power of the tribunes</i>. This use is not common. It is found rarely in Sallust and Cicero; chiefly in Livy.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2263" id = "sec2263" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2263" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_4">2263.</a></b> The genitive of the gerundive construction, without a substantive or adjective (<a href = "#sec2258">2258</a>) or the verb <b>sum</b> (<a @@ -45882,7 +45872,7 @@ because an individual was to blame</i>. This use occurs very rarely in Sallust, chiefly in Tacitus and late Latin. Once in Terence with the gerund.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2264" id = "sec2264" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2264" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_4">2264.</a></b> Tacitus has the genitive of the gerundive construction two or three times with a judicial verb (<a href = "#sec1280">1280</a>) to denote the @@ -45890,12 +45880,12 @@ charge: as, <b>occupandae rē̆ī pūblicae arguī nōn poterant</b>, Ta. 6, 10, <i>they could not be charged with an attempt on the throne</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page406" id = "page406"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page406"> 406</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_gerund_cases_5" id = "complex_gerund_cases_5" +<h6><a id = "complex_gerund_cases_5" href = "#complex_gerund_cases">Ablative.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2265" id = "sec2265" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2265" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_5">2265.</a></b> In the ablative a transitive gerund with a substantive object is not uncommon.</p> @@ -45905,7 +45895,7 @@ quoting your brother</i>. <b>largē partiendō praedam</b>, L. 21, 5, 5, <i>by a lavish distribution of the spoil</i>. This use is particularly common in Livy. Not in Caesar.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2266" id = "sec2266" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2266" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_5">2266.</a></b> (1.) The ablative of the gerundive construction or gerund denotes means, less often cause, rarely manner and circumstances, or time, or @@ -45933,7 +45923,7 @@ reading of my name</i>. <b>partibus dīvidendīs ipsī regiō ēvēnit</b>, L. Respect: <b>Latīnē loquendō cuivīs erat pār</b>, <i>Br.</i> 128, <i>in his use of Latin he was a match for anybody</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2267" id = "sec2267" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2267" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_5">2267.</a></b> (2.) The ablative of the gerundive construction or gerund is also accompanied by a preposition, <b>ab</b>, <b>dē</b>, <b>in</b>, or @@ -45961,9 +45951,9 @@ this use <b>ab</b> is not found in Plautus or Terence, nor <b>prō</b> in Terence. <b>cum</b> is found in Quintilian, <b>super</b> once in Horace, then in Tacitus, <b>sine</b> once in Varro.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page407" id = "page407"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page407"> 407</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2268" id = "sec2268" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2268" href = "#complex_gerund_cases_5">2268.</a></b> With a comparative expression, the ablative of the gerundive is found once: <b>nūllum officium referendā grātiā magis necessārium est</b>, @@ -45975,10 +45965,10 @@ sequendō coēgit</b>, L. 29, 33, 8, <i>he forced Vermina to abandon his pursuit</i>.</p> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_supine" id = "complex_supine" +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_supine" href = "#complex_nounverb">THE SUPINE.</a></h5> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2269" id = "sec2269" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2269" href = "#complex_supine">2269.</a></b> The supine is a verbal substantive. The form in <b>-um</b> is an accusative. The form in <b class = "locked">-ū</b> is used sometimes as @@ -45987,7 +45977,7 @@ a dative, sometimes as an ablative.</p> <p class = "header size5 smallcaps">The Supine in <b>-um</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2270" id = "sec2270" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2270" href = "#complex_supine">2270.</a></b> The supine in <b>-um</b> denotes purpose with verbs of motion (<a href = "#sec1166">1166</a>): as,</p> @@ -46007,7 +45997,7 @@ commonly expressed by the subjunctive with <b>ut</b> or a relative pronoun, or by a gerundive or gerund with <b>ad</b> or <b>causā</b>. See also <a href = "#sec2164">2164</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2271" id = "sec2271" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2271" href = "#complex_supine">2271.</a></b> The most common supines in <b>-um</b> are <b>cubitum</b>, <b>dormītum</b>, <b>ēreptum</b>, <b>frūmentātum</b>, <b>grātulātum</b>, @@ -46018,12 +46008,12 @@ The most common supines in <b>-um</b> are <b>cubitum</b>, <b>collocō</b>, &c., and supines are occasionally found with other verbs implying motion.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2272" id = "sec2272" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2272" href = "#complex_supine">2272.</a></b> The supine in <b>-um</b> may be followed by the same construction as its verb: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2272a" id = "sec2272a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2272a">a.</a></i>) Accusative: <b>deōs salūtātum atque uxōrem modo intrō dēvortor domum</b>, Pl. <i>St.</i> 534, <i>I’ll just turn in home to greet my gods and my wife</i>. <b>lēgātōs ad Caesarem mittunt rogātum @@ -46041,9 +46031,9 @@ populārentur</b>, 1, 37, 1, <i>envoys came: the Aeduans to complain hostium numerō dūceret</b>, 6, 32, 1, <i>they sent envoys to Caesar to beg that he would not regard them in the light of enemies</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page408" id = "page408"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page408"> 408</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2273" id = "sec2273" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2273" href = "#complex_supine">2273.</a></b> The supine in <b>-um</b> followed by <b>īrī</b> forms the future passive infinitive: as,</p> @@ -46059,7 +46049,7 @@ writers; not in the Augustan poets. For the common periphrasis, see <p class = "header size5 smallcaps">The Supine in <b>-ū</b>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2274" id = "sec2274" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2274" href = "#complex_supine">2274.</a></b> The supine in <b>-ū</b> is used with <b>fās</b>, <b>nefās</b>, and adjectives, chiefly of such meaning as <i>easy</i>, <i>good</i>, @@ -46086,7 +46076,7 @@ chiefly in Cicero and Livy. Very rare in old Latin, Sallust, Caesar (who has only <b>factū</b> and <b>nātū</b>), and the poets. From the elder Pliny and Tacitus on, it gets commoner.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2275" id = "sec2275" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2275" href = "#complex_supine">2275.</a></b> The supine in <b>-ū</b> sometimes introduces a subordinate sentence, but it is never used with an object in the accusative.</p> @@ -46099,7 +46089,7 @@ one</i>. <b>vidētis nefās esse dictū miseram fuisse tālem senectūtem</b>, <i>CM.</i> 13, <i>you see that it were a sin to say that an old age like his was unhappy</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2276" id = "sec2276" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2276" href = "#complex_supine">2276.</a></b> The supine in <b>-ū</b> is found rarely with <b>opus est</b> (<a href = "#sec1379">1379</a>), <b>dīgnus</b> and <b>indīgnus</b> (<a href = @@ -46112,7 +46102,7 @@ year</i>. For <b>dignus</b> with <b>quī</b> and the subjunctive, see <a href = "#sec1819">1819</a>; for <b>opus est</b> with the infinitive, 2211.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2277" id = "sec2277" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2277" href = "#complex_supine">2277.</a></b> In Plautus and Cato, the supine in <b>-ū</b> is very rarely used like an ablative of separation (<a href = "#sec1302">1302</a>): as, <b>nunc @@ -46122,12 +46112,12 @@ catering</i>. <b>prīmus cubitū surgat, postrēmus cubitum eat</b>, Cato, to bed</i>. Statius imitates this use in <i>Ach.</i> 1, 119.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page409" id = "page409"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page409"> 409</a></span> -<h5 class = "topbubble"><a name = "complex_participle" id = +<h5 class = "topbubble"><a id = "complex_participle" href = "#complex_nounverb">THE PARTICIPLE.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2278" id = "sec2278" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2278" href = "#complex_participle">2278.</a></b> The participle is a verbal adjective. Like the adjective, it is inflected to agree with its substantive. Like the verb, it may be @@ -46136,10 +46126,10 @@ as continuing, completed, or future. It may also be followed by the same case as its verb.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_participle_time" id = "complex_participle_time" +<h6><a id = "complex_participle_time" href = "#complex_participle">Time of the Participle.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2279" id = "sec2279" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2279" href = "#complex_participle_time">2279.</a></b> (1.) The time to which the participle refers is indicated by the verb of the sentence.</p> @@ -46162,13 +46152,13 @@ Corinth</i>. <b>lēgātī dīxērunt sē rē dēlīberātā ad Caesarem reversūrōs</b>, 4, 9, 1, <i>the envoys said that they would come back to Caesar after they had thought the matter over</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2280" id = "sec2280" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2280" href = "#complex_participle_time">2280.</a></b> (2.) The perfect participle of deponents is sometimes used with past tenses or their equivalents to denote incomplete contemporaneous action. So occasionally a perfect passive.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2280a" id = "sec2280a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2280a">a.</a></i>) <b>Metellum esse ratī portās clausēre</b>, S. <i>I.</i> 69, 1, <i>supposing that it was Metellus, they closed their gates</i>. <b>gāvīsus illōs retinērī iussit</b>, 4, 13, 6, <i>with pleasure he gave @@ -46190,19 +46180,19 @@ But the perfect passive has its ordinary force (<a href = T. <i>Andr.</i> 199, <i>I’ll give you a flogging and then put you in the mill</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2281" id = "sec2281" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2281" href = "#complex_participle_time">2281.</a></b> For the perfect participle with forms of <b>sum</b> and <b>fuī</b>, see <a href = "#sec1608">1608</a>, <a href = "#sec1609">1609</a>; for the conative present participle, 2301; reflexive, 1482.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page410" id = "page410"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page410"> 410</a></span> -<h6><a name = "complex_participle_attr" id = "complex_participle_attr" +<h6><a id = "complex_participle_attr" href = "#complex_participle">The Attributive Participle.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2282" id = "sec2282" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2282" href = "#complex_participle_attr">2282.</a></b> The present or perfect participle is often used as an adjective to express a permanent condition: as,</p> @@ -46217,7 +46207,7 @@ and elegant</i>. <b>id tibī̆ renūntiō futūrum ut sīs sciēns</b>, T. <i>Andr.</i> 508, <i>I give you notice this will happen, that you may be prepared</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2283" id = "sec2283" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2283" href = "#complex_participle_attr">2283.</a></b> The future participle is found as an adjective in the Augustan poets and in late writers. Cicero, however, has <b>futūrus</b> in this use with @@ -46230,13 +46220,13 @@ rērum futūrārum</b>, <i>DN.</i> 2, 12, <i>signs of future events are disclosed by the gods</i>. For the future participle with forms of <b>sum</b>, see <a href = "#sec1633">1633</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2284" id = "sec2284" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2284" href = "#complex_participle_attr">2284.</a></b> Many participles have become complete adjectives, and as such are capable of composition or comparison, or take the case required by an adjective.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2284a" id = "sec2284a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2284a">a.</a></i>) <b>nōmen invictī imperātōris</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 82, <i>the invincible general’s name</i>. <b>pūrus et īnsōns sī vīvō</b>, H. <i>S.</i> 1, 6, 69, <i>pure and guiltless if I live</i> (<a href = "#sec749">749</a>). @@ -46251,7 +46241,7 @@ confident that you will do what you shall feel most appropriate to my interests</i> (<a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>). For the genitive with such participles, see <a href = "#sec1266">1266</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2285" id = "sec2285" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2285" href = "#complex_participle_attr">2285.</a></b> A perfect participle in agreement with a substantive often contains the leading idea, and may be translated like an abstract substantive with a @@ -46262,7 +46252,7 @@ participle in this use is rare, the future late.</p> the verb in precisely the same way that the gerundive construction (<a href = "#sec2240">2240</a>) expresses uncompleted action.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2285a" id = "sec2285a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2285a">a.</a></i>) Joined with substantives: <b>iniūriae retentōrum equitum Rōmānōrum</b>, 3, 10, 2, <i>the outrages of Roman knights detained</i>, i.e. <i>in the detention of Roman knights</i>. <b>servātī cōnsulis decus</b>, L. 21, @@ -46272,16 +46262,16 @@ maladministration of his province</i>. <b>ō quid solūtīs est beātius cūrīs?</b> Cat. 31, 7, <i>oh what is sweeter than the putting off of care?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2285b" id = "sec2285b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2285b">b.</a></i>) Joined with prepositions: <b>ab conditā urbe ad līberātam</b>, L. 1, 60, 3, <i>from the foundation of the city to the liberation thereof</i>. <b>post nātōs hominēs improbissimus</b>, <i>Br.</i> 224, <i>the greatest reprobate since the creation of man</i>. <b>ante cīvitātem datam</b>, <i>Arch.</i> 9, <i>before the gift of the citizenship</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page411" id = "page411"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page411"> 411</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2285c" id = "sec2285c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2285c">c.</a></i>) In the nominative: very rare before Livy: <b>dēpressa hostium classis</b>, <i>Arch.</i> 21, <i>the sinking of the enemy’s fleet</i>. <b>angēbant ingentis spīritūs virum Sicilia Sardiniaque āmissae</b>, L. @@ -46290,7 +46280,7 @@ and Sardinia</i>. <b>cuius turbāvit nitidōs exstīnctus passer ocellōs</b>, J. 6, 7, <i>whose sparkling eyne the sparrow’s death bedimmed</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2286" id = "sec2286" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2286" href = "#complex_participle_attr">2286.</a></b> This use of the participle, though old, is not common before Livy, who, like Tacitus, has it frequently, both with substantives and with @@ -46305,10 +46295,10 @@ alone with <b>ūsus est</b> and <b>opus est</b>, see <a href = "#sec1382">1382</a>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_participle_subst" id = "complex_participle_subst" +<h6><a id = "complex_participle_subst" href = "#complex_participle">The Substantive Participle.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2287" id = "sec2287" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2287" href = "#complex_participle_subst">2287.</a></b> Participles sometimes become substantives, especially the perfect participle: as,</p> @@ -46322,7 +46312,7 @@ examples, see <a href = "#sec1440">1440</a>. The masculine singular is rarely used as a substantive; the neuter, both singular and plural, is common, particularly with prepositions.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2288" id = "sec2288" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2288" href = "#complex_participle_subst">2288.</a></b> The masculine plural of the perfect participle, when used as a substantive, generally denotes a definite class of persons: as,</p> @@ -46336,7 +46326,7 @@ van with the light infantry</i>. <b>ēvocātīs equōs sūmit</b>, 7, 65, 5, class: as, <b>missī intercipiuntur</b>, 5, 40, 1, <i>the men who had been sent</i> (i.e. on a particular occasion) <i>are cut off</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2289" id = "sec2289" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2289" href = "#complex_participle_subst">2289.</a></b> The perfect participle alone sometimes serves as the subject of a sentence instead of an abstract substantive (<a href = @@ -46350,7 +46340,7 @@ harmed, deprived the people of their weapons</i>. This use is found chiefly in Livy, once or twice in Cicero; not in Caesar or Sallust. See <a href = "#sec1382">1382</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2290" id = "sec2290" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2290" href = "#complex_participle_subst">2290.</a></b> The present participle is rarely a substantive in the nominative and ablative singular, but often in the other cases.</p> @@ -46362,9 +46352,9 @@ dēpellunt</b>, <i>DN.</i> 2, 127, <i>many drive off their pursuers</i>. <i>Fam.</i> 2, 8, 1, <i>I do not expect from you the past or the present, but the future</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page412" id = "page412"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page412"> 412</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2291" id = "sec2291" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2291" href = "#complex_participle_subst">2291.</a></b> The genitive plural of the present participle is often best translated by an English abstract: as,</p> @@ -46375,7 +46365,7 @@ paventiumque clāmōrēs</b>, L. 22, 5, 4, <i>mingled cries of exultation and terror</i>. <b>prīmō gaudentium impetū</b>, Ta. <i>H.</i> 1, 4, <i>in the first outburst of joy</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2292" id = "sec2292" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2292" href = "#complex_participle_subst">2292.</a></b> The future participle is very rarely used as a substantive.</p> @@ -46392,15 +46382,15 @@ composuit</b>, S. <i>Fr. Lep.</i> 6, <i>he invented penalties for men unborn</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_participle_appos" id = "complex_participle_appos" +<h6><a id = "complex_participle_appos" href = "#complex_participle">The Appositive Participle.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2293" id = "sec2293" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2293" href = "#complex_participle_appos">2293.</a></b> The appositive participle is a loose substitute for a subordinate sentence introduced by a relative or by a conjunctive particle.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2294" id = "sec2294" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2294" href = "#complex_participle_appos">2294.</a></b> (1.) The appositive participle may represent a relative sentence: as,</p> @@ -46414,7 +46404,7 @@ participle is poetic and late (<a href = "#sec2283">2283</a>): as, <b>servēs itūrum Caesarem in Britannōs</b>, H. 1, 35, 29, <i>guard Caesar who against the Britons is to march</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2295" id = "sec2295" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2295" href = "#complex_participle_appos">2295.</a></b> (2.) The appositive participle, representing other sentences, may express various relations: as, (<i>a.</i>) time, (<i>b.</i>) cause @@ -46425,7 +46415,7 @@ of an action, like an adverb.</p> <p class = "fourth">For the ablative absolute in such relations, see <a href = "#sec1362">1362-1374</a>, particularly 1367.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2295a" id = "sec2295a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2295a">a.</a></i>) Time: <b>vehemēns sum exoriēns, quom occidō vehementior</b>, Pl. <i>R.</i> 71, <i>furious am I at my rising, when I set more furious still</i>. <b>occīsus est ā cēnā rediēns</b>, <i>RA.</i> 97, <i>he was @@ -46437,9 +46427,9 @@ Syracuse</i>. The future is late (<a href = "#sec2283">2283</a>): as, <i>G.</i> 3, <i>as the chief of all brave heroes, they sing of him when they are on the point of going to battle</i>, of Hercules.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page413" id = "page413"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page413"> 413</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2295b" id = "sec2295b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2295b">b.</a></i>) Cause or means: <b>mōtum exspectāns dīlectum habēre īnstituit</b>, 6, 1, 1, <i>since he anticipated a rising, he determined on recruiting troops</i>. <b>moveor tālī amīcō orbātus</b>, <i>L.</i> 10, <i>I am @@ -46454,7 +46444,7 @@ vēritās, quippe eōdem diē dīversa parī certāmine postulātūrīs</b>, Ta. since on the same day they were to make conflicting demands with equal vehemence</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2295c" id = "sec2295c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2295c">c.</a></i>) Purpose: the future participle, commonly with a verb of motion: <b>ad Clūsium vēnērunt, legiōnem Rōmānam castraque oppugnātūrī</b>, L. 10, 26, 7, <i>they came to the neighbourhood of Clusium, to assail the Roman @@ -46472,7 +46462,7 @@ it is sometimes joined with a conditional idea or protasis: as, fieret</b>, L. 3, 60, 8, <i>the Roman marches out of camp, proposing to assault the stockade unless battle were offered</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2295d" id = "sec2295d">d.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2295d">d.</a></i>) Concession: <b>quī mortālis nātus condiciōnem postulēs immortālium</b>, <i>TD.</i> 3, 36, <i>thou who, though born to die, layest claim to the state of the deathless</i>. <b>bēstiīs, quibus ipsa terra fundit pāstūs @@ -46489,7 +46479,7 @@ sometimes have <b>licet</b> (<a href = "#sec1710">1710</a>): as, <i>he in the spirit to the gods drew nigh, though they are far away in heaven’s domain</i>. The future participle is rare and late.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2295e" id = "sec2295e">e.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2295e">e.</a></i>) Hypothesis: <b>quid igitur mihī̆ ferārum laniātus oberit nihil sentientī?</b> <i>TD.</i> 1, 104, <i>what hurt will the clawing of wild beasts do me if I have no feeling?</i> <b>appārēbat nōn admissōs @@ -46500,7 +46490,7 @@ with <b>quasi</b> or <b>ut</b>, and in late writers with <b>tamquam</b> or <b>velut</b>, see <a href = "#sec2121">2121</a>. The future participle is rare and late.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2295f" id = "sec2295f">f.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2295f">f.</a></i>) Description or manner: <b>haec properantēs scrīpsimus</b>, <i>Att.</i> 4, 4<sup>a</sup>, <i>I have written this hastily</i>, i.e. <i>in haste yours truly</i>. <b>dictātor et magister equitum triumphantēs in @@ -46511,9 +46501,9 @@ tears and beating of his breast</i>. <b>vīnctōs aspiciunt catēnīs līberōs suōs</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 108, <i>they behold their own children held in bondage</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page414" id = "page414"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page414"> 414</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2296" id = "sec2296" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2296" href = "#complex_participle_appos">2296.</a></b> The participle with a negative may be translated by <i>without</i>: as,</p> @@ -46525,10 +46515,10 @@ auxilium</b>, L. 34, 23, 3, <i>that without being asked, they offer assistance of their own accord</i>.</p> -<h6><a name = "complex_participle_pred" id = "complex_participle_pred" +<h6><a id = "complex_participle_pred" href = "#complex_participle">The Predicative Participle.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2297" id = "sec2297" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2297" href = "#complex_participle_pred">2297.</a></b> <b>habeō</b> is sometimes used with certain perfect participles to express an action continuing in its consequences, <b>faciō</b>, @@ -46536,7 +46526,7 @@ express an action continuing in its consequences, <b>faciō</b>, participle, are emphatic substitutes for the verb to which the participle belongs.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2297a" id = "sec2297a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2297a">a.</a></i>) <b>quae nōs nostramque adulēscentiam habent dēspicātam et quae nōs semper omnibus cruciant modīs</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 383, <i>who hold us and our youth in scorn and torment us in every way</i>. <b>in eā prōvinciā @@ -46549,7 +46539,7 @@ hostem</b>, L. 22, 4, 5, <i>his enemy he had shut in by lake and mountains and surrounded by his troops</i>. See also <a href = "#sec1606">1606</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2297b" id = "sec2297b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2297b">b.</a></i>) <b>missa haec face</b>, T. <i>Ad.</i> 906, <i>let this pass</i>. <b>vērum haec missa faciō</b>, <i>RA.</i> 76, <i>but I let this pass</i>. <b>Mānlium missum fēcit</b>, <i>Off.</i> 3, 112, <i>he let @@ -46566,7 +46556,7 @@ usually in the future tense or its equivalent. For <b>volō</b>, <b>cupiō</b>, and <b>nōlō</b> with the infinitive passive without <b>esse</b>, see <a href = "#sec2229">2229</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2298" id = "sec2298" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2298" href = "#complex_participle_pred">2298.</a></b> The present participle is used predicatively with verbs signifying <i>represent</i>, and with verbs denoting the exercise of the senses or @@ -46588,15 +46578,15 @@ with the infinitive to denote the fact or action; see <a href = "#sec1870">1870</a>. For the infinitive without <b>esse</b> with verbs of emotion, see <a href = "#sec2184">2184</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2299" id = "sec2299" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2299" href = "#complex_participle_pred">2299.</a></b> A passive with a verb meaning <i>represent</i> is expressed, for lack of a present passive participle, by the infinitive (<a href = "#sec2175">2175</a>). The infinitive active is rare.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page415" id = "page415"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page415"> 415</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2299a" id = "sec2299a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2299a">a.</a></i>) <b>cōnstruī ā deō atque aedificārī mundum facit</b>, <i>DN.</i> 1, 19, <i>he represents the world being put together and built by the gods</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>poētae impendēre saxum Tantalō faciunt</b>, @@ -46613,20 +46603,20 @@ received</i>.</p> <p class = "topbubble"> </p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page416" id = "page416"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page416"> 416</a></span> <div class = "appendix"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page417" id = "page417"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page417"> 417</a></span> -<h2><a name = "appendix" id = "appendix" href = +<h2><a id = "appendix" href = "#start">APPENDIX.</a></h2> -<h4><a name = "app_verbs" id = "app_verbs" href = "#appendix">(A.) SOME +<h4><a id = "app_verbs" href = "#appendix">(A.) SOME OCCASIONAL PECULIARITIES OF VERBS.</a></h4> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2300" id = "sec2300" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2300" href = "#app_verbs">2300.</a></b> In many cases where in English a verb like <i>wish</i> or <i>try to have</i> a thing done, <i>can</i>, <i>must</i>, or <i>am allowed to</i>, @@ -46636,10 +46626,10 @@ the verb and of subordinate sentences thus used, are conveniently included here.</p> -<h6><a name = "verbs_conative" id = "verbs_conative" href = +<h6><a id = "verbs_conative" href = "#app_verbs">The Conative Use.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2301" id = "sec2301" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2301" href = "#verbs_conative">2301.</a></b> A verb is sometimes used to denote action proposed, attempted, or begun, but not necessarily carried out. This is called the <i>Conative Use</i> @@ -46659,7 +46649,7 @@ house, which the man in his lifetime had done his best to overthrow</i>. of his shield he put the king flat on his back, when he tried to get up</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2302" id = "sec2302" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2302" href = "#verbs_conative">2302.</a></b> This use is particularly common in the imperfect indicative: as,</p> @@ -46674,7 +46664,7 @@ mē imperante facere, quod iam tuā sponte faciēbās?</b> <i>C.</i> 1, 13, as it was, yourself?</i> The conative use is not very common in old Latin, but more frequent from Cicero and Caesar on.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2303" id = "sec2303" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2303" href = "#verbs_conative">2303.</a></b> When the conative use is to be expressed more distinctly, a form of <b>volō</b> or <b>cōnor</b> is used, or a frequentative, like @@ -46682,12 +46672,12 @@ When the conative use is to be expressed more distinctly, a form of come</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page418" id = "page418"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page418"> 418</a></span> -<h6><a name = "verbs_causative" id = "verbs_causative" href = +<h6><a id = "verbs_causative" href = "#app_verbs">The Causative Use.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2304" id = "sec2304" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2304" href = "#verbs_causative">2304.</a></b> A verb is sometimes used to denote not what the subject actually does himself, but what he has another do. This is called the <i>Causative @@ -46706,10 +46696,10 @@ thing done may be expressed more distinctly by <b>faciō</b> (<a href = by <b>iubeō</b>.</p> -<h6><a name = "verbs_potential" id = "verbs_potential" href = +<h6><a id = "verbs_potential" href = "#app_verbs">The Potential Use.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2305" id = "sec2305" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2305" href = "#verbs_potential">2305.</a></b> A verb is sometimes used to indicate action that can be done, and especially action that can be done at any time. This is called the @@ -46733,10 +46723,10 @@ Sometimes this idea is expressed by the subjunctive (<a href = "#sec1554">1554</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "verbs_obligatory" id = "verbs_obligatory" href = +<h6><a id = "verbs_obligatory" href = "#app_verbs">The Obligatory Use.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2306" id = "sec2306" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2306" href = "#verbs_obligatory">2306.</a></b> A verb is sometimes used to denote obligatory action. This is called the <i>Obligatory Use</i> of the verb: as,</p> @@ -46754,12 +46744,12 @@ summa inopia pābulī, adeō ut foliīs equōs alerent</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> to feed their horses on leaves</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page419" id = "page419"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page419"> 419</a></span> -<h6><a name = "verbs_permissive" id = "verbs_permissive" href = +<h6><a id = "verbs_permissive" href = "#app_verbs">The Permissive Use.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2307" id = "sec2307" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2307" href = "#verbs_permissive">2307.</a></b> A verb is sometimes used to denote permitted action. This is called the <i>Permissive Use</i> of the verb: as,</p> @@ -46772,17 +46762,17 @@ candelabra of Jupiter?</i> <b>petit ut ipse dē eō statuat</b>, 1, 19, 5, stay</i>.</p> -<h4><a name = "app_indirect" id = "app_indirect" href = "#appendix">(B.) +<h4><a id = "app_indirect" href = "#appendix">(B.) INDIRECT DISCOURSE.</a></h4> <p class = "header">(<b>Ōrātiō Oblīqua.</b>)</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2308" id = "sec2308" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2308" href = "#app_indirect">2308.</a></b> The speech or thought of another, quoted in his own words, is called <i>Direct Discourse</i> (<a href = "#sec1723">1723</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2309" id = "sec2309" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2309" href = "#app_indirect">2309.</a></b> The speech or thought of another, dependent on a verb of saying or thinking, is called <i>Indirect Discourse</i> (<a href = @@ -46792,37 +46782,37 @@ thinking, is called <i>Indirect Discourse</i> (<a href = indirectly, as well as those of another (<a href = "#sec1726">1726</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2310" id = "sec2310" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2310" href = "#app_indirect">2310.</a></b> The verb of thinking or saying is often not distinctly expressed, but only implied in the context (<a href = "#sec1725">1725</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2311" id = "sec2311" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2311" href = "#app_indirect">2311.</a></b> The principles which govern the change of direct discourse into indirect discourse have been already set forth in the foregoing pages; but, for the convenience of the learner, they are here put together.</p> -<h5><a name = "indirect_mood" id = "indirect_mood" href = +<h5><a id = "indirect_mood" href = "#app_indirect">MOOD.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "indir_mood_main" id = "indir_mood_main" href = +<h6><a id = "indir_mood_main" href = "#indirect_mood">(A.) Main Sentences.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2312" id = "sec2312" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2312" href = "#indir_mood_main">2312.</a></b> Declarative sentences of direct discourse are put in the accusative with the infinitive, and interrogative and imperative sentences of direct discourse are put in the subjunctive, in indirect discourse.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2312a" id = "sec2312a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2312a">a.</a></i>) For examples of declarative sentences, see <a href = "#sec2175">2175-2184</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page420" id = "page420"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page420"> 420</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2312b" id = "sec2312b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2312b">b.</a></i>) Interrogative (<a href = "#sec1773">1773</a>): <b>quid vellet? cūr in suās possessiōnēs venīret?</b> 1, 44, 7, <i>what did he mean? why this movement into his property?</i> from Ariovistus’s reply to Caesar. @@ -46832,7 +46822,7 @@ in potestāte populī Rōmānī; quid dē praedā faciendum cēnsērent?</b> L. bounty of the gods Vei would soon belong to the Roman nation; what did they think should be done about the booty?</i></p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2312c" id = "sec2312c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2312c">c.</a></i>) Imperative (<a href = "#sec1547">1547</a>): <b>Cicerō respondit: sī ab armīs discēdere velint, sē adiūtōre ūtantur lēgātōsque ad Caesarem mittant</b>, 5, 41, 7, <i>Cicero replied: if they wished to lay down @@ -46844,7 +46834,7 @@ declared war on the Lacedaemonians; so he was to come without delay</i>. See also <a href = "#sec1707">1707</a>, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2313" id = "sec2313" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2313" href = "#indir_mood_main">2313.</a></b> Rhetorical questions (that is, declarations made for effect in the form of questions) in the first or third person in the direct discourse are @@ -46864,7 +46854,7 @@ twice in Cicero’s letters and a few times in Caesar. In Livy and late writers, it is not uncommon. Such questions in the second person require the subjunctive (<a href = "#sec2312">2312</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2314" id = "sec2314" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2314" href = "#indir_mood_main">2314.</a></b> Questions which are in the subjunctive in direct discourse retain the subjunctive in indirect discourse: as,</p> @@ -46875,10 +46865,10 @@ be stripped of what they had possessed when they became the friends of the Roman nation?</i> (<a href = "#sec1565">1565</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "indir_mood_sub" id = "indir_mood_sub" href = +<h6><a id = "indir_mood_sub" href = "#indirect_mood">(B.) Subordinate Sentences.</a></h6> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2315" id = "sec2315" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2315" href = "#indir_mood_sub">2315.</a></b> The verb of a subordinate sentence, introduced by a relative word or a conjunctive particle, stands in the subjunctive in indirect discourse @@ -46888,7 +46878,7 @@ conjunctive particle, stands in the subjunctive in indirect discourse while</i>, retained in indirect discourse, see <a href = "#sec1995">1995</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page421" id = "page421"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page421"> 421</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>sapientissimum esse dīcunt eum, cui quod opus sit ipsī veniat in mentem; proximē accēdere illum quī alterīus bene inventīs @@ -46900,7 +46890,7 @@ vīcissent, quemadmodum vellent imperārent</b>, 1, 36, 1, <i>to this Ariovistus answered: that it was the right of war for the conquerors to dictate to the conquered such terms as they pleased</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2316" id = "sec2316" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2316" href = "#indir_mood_sub">2316.</a></b> Relative sentences equivalent to main sentences (<a href = "#sec1835">1835</a>) may be put in the accusative with the infinitive: @@ -46912,7 +46902,7 @@ single day intervened and that this whole day Galba employed in studying up and arranging the case</i>. This use is found in Cicero, rarely in Caesar, in Livy, and a few times in other authors. Not in old Latin.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2317" id = "sec2317" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2317" href = "#indir_mood_sub">2317.</a></b> So also sentences introduced by certain conjunctive particles are occasionally put in the accusative with the infinitive: as,</p> @@ -46937,7 +46927,7 @@ Cicero, Livy, and Tacitus; <b>cum interim</b> and <b>sī nōn</b> in Livy; <b>nisi forte</b> in Tacitus. For <b>quam</b> with the infinitive, see <a href = "#sec1898">1898</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2318" id = "sec2318" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2318" href = "#indir_mood_sub">2318.</a></b> Relative sentences which are not a part of the quotation, but an addition of the writer’s, or which are a circumlocution equivalent to a @@ -46951,14 +46941,14 @@ Condrusians, Eburonians, Caeroesians and Paemanians (who are all called by one name Germans) at forty thousand</i>. For other examples of such sentences, see <a href = "#sec1729">1729</a>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2319" id = "sec2319" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2319" href = "#indir_mood_sub">2319.</a></b> Sentences containing the thought of another, introduced by a relative pronoun or by causal, temporal, or other conjunctive particles, take the subjunctive, though not appended to the accusative with the infinitive (<a href = "#sec1725">1725</a>): as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page422" id = "page422"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page422"> 422</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>numquis, quod bonus vir esset, grātiās dīs ēgit umquam?</b> <i>DN.</i> 3, 87, <i>did anybody ever thank the gods @@ -46973,20 +46963,20 @@ that day.’</i> For other examples, see <a href = "#sec1725">1725</a>, <a href = "#sec1852">1852</a>, <a href = "#sec1853">1853</a>, <a href = "#sec1884">1884</a>, &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2320" id = "sec2320" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2320" href = "#indir_mood_sub">2320.</a></b> Sometimes a verb of saying or thinking is added, and is itself irrationally put in the subjunctive. For examples, see <a href = "#sec1727">1727</a>.</p> -<h5><a name = "indirect_tense" id = "indirect_tense" href = +<h5><a id = "indirect_tense" href = "#app_indirect">(2.) TENSE.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "indir_tense_inf" id = "indir_tense_inf" href = +<h6><a id = "indir_tense_inf" href = "#indirect_tense">(A.) Of the Infinitive.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2321" id = "sec2321" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2321" href = "#indir_tense_inf">2321.</a></b> The tenses of the infinitive follow their usual law (<a href = "#sec2218">2218</a>), representing the action as present, past, or @@ -47007,10 +46997,10 @@ equivalent of the indicative imperfect and pluperfect, see <a href = "#sec2226">2226</a>, <a href = "#sec2227">2227</a>.</p> -<h6><a name = "indir_tense_subj" id = "indir_tense_subj" href = +<h6><a id = "indir_tense_subj" href = "#indirect_tense">(B.) Of the Subjunctive.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2322" id = "sec2322" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2322" href = "#indir_tense_subj">2322.</a></b> The tenses of the subjunctive follow the law of the sequence of tenses; see <a href = "#sec1745">1745</a>.</p> @@ -47031,12 +47021,12 @@ bridge, they had sent out messengers in every direction</i> (<a href = "#sec1772">1772</a>). For other examples, see <a href = "#sec1746">1746-1772</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2323" id = "sec2323" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2323" href = "#indir_tense_subj">2323.</a></b> But the present and perfect subjunctive are often used, especially when the main verb is present, or for vividness after a secondary tense.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page423" id = "page423"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page423"> 423</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>Alexandrum Philippus accūsat quod largitiōne benevolentiam Macedonum cōnsectētur</b>, <i>Off.</i> 2, 53, <i>Philip @@ -47052,7 +47042,7 @@ tribute which victors were wont to lay upon the vanquished</i> (<a href = "#sec1755">1755</a>). For other examples, see <a href = "#sec1746">1746-1772</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2324" id = "sec2324" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2324" href = "#indir_tense_subj">2324.</a></b> The future of direct discourse is represented in indirect discourse by the imperfect, and the future perfect by the pluperfect subjunctive.</p> @@ -47067,10 +47057,10 @@ perfect subjunctive also is found when the main verb requires. For other examples, see <a href = "#sec1746">1746-1772</a>.</p> -<h5><a name = "indirect_pronoun" id = "indirect_pronoun" href = +<h5><a id = "indirect_pronoun" href = "#app_indirect">(3.) Pronoun.</a></h5> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2325" id = "sec2325" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2325" href = "#indirect_pronoun">2325.</a></b> <b>ego</b> and <b>nōs</b>, of direct discourse, are represented by <b>sē</b> in indirect discourse, and <b>meus</b> and <b>noster</b> by @@ -47096,24 +47086,24 @@ should do a favour to numerous leading men in the Roman nation</i>. Here Ariovistus is reported as speaking to Caesar.</p> -<h5><a name = "indirect_conditional" id = "indirect_conditional" href = +<h5><a id = "indirect_conditional" href = "#app_indirect">CONDITIONAL PERIODS IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "indir_cond_pro" id = "indir_cond_pro" href = +<h6><a id = "indir_cond_pro" href = "#indirect_conditional">(A.) Protasis.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2326" id = "sec2326" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2326" href = "#indir_cond_pro">2326.</a></b> The protasis of every kind (<a href = "#sec2023">2023</a>, <a href = "#sec2024">2024</a>) has the verb in the subjunctive in indirect discourse (<a href = "#sec2315">2315</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2327" id = "sec2327" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2327" href = "#indir_cond_pro">2327.</a></b> The tense of the protasis is generally imperfect or pluperfect (<a href = "#sec2322">2322</a>): as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page424" id = "page424"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page424"> 424</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>Ariovistus respondit: sī ipse populō Rōmānō nōn praescrīberet, nōn oportēre sēsē ā populō Rōmānō impedīrī</b>, 1, 36, 1, @@ -47123,7 +47113,7 @@ more ought the Roman nation to interfere with him</i> (<a href = itūrum</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> 1, 10, 3, <i>if he did that, Pompey would go to the Spains</i> (<a href = "#sec2061">2061</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2328" id = "sec2328" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2328" href = "#indir_cond_pro">2328.</a></b> But indeterminate protases (<a href = "#sec2023">2023</a>) are sometimes put in the present or perfect subjunctive in indirect discourse, even @@ -47136,7 +47126,7 @@ href = "#sec2026">2026</a>). <b>quī nisi dēcēdat, sēsē illum prō hoste habitūrum</b>, 1, 44, 11, <i>that unless he withdrew, he should consider him an enemy</i> (<a href = "#sec2054">2054</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2329" id = "sec2329" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2329" href = "#indir_cond_pro">2329.</a></b> Protases of action non-occurrent (<a href = "#sec2024">2024</a>) remain in the imperfect or pluperfect, even with a main primary tense.</p> @@ -47151,10 +47141,10 @@ accūsātōribus quid factūrī essent, sī in eō locō fuissent</b>, Cornif. been in that predicament</i> (<a href = "#sec2099">2099</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "indir_cond_apo" id = "indir_cond_apo" href = +<h6><a id = "indir_cond_apo" href = "#indirect_conditional">(B.) Apodosis.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2330" id = "sec2330" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2330" href = "#indir_cond_apo">2330.</a></b> In indeterminate conditional periods (<a href = "#sec2023">2023</a>), the apodosis simply follows the general rule (<a href = @@ -47177,7 +47167,7 @@ taken, Rome would be captured</i> (<a href = "#sec2233">2233</a>, <a href = "#sec2061">2061</a>). For other examples, see <a href = "#sec2327">2327</a>, <a href = "#sec2328">2328</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2331" id = "sec2331" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2331" href = "#indir_cond_apo">2331.</a></b> In conditional periods of action non-occurrent (<a href = "#sec2024">2024</a>), the future participle with <b>fuisse</b>, is used @@ -47190,7 +47180,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘Aēgyptiōrum’">Aegyptiōrum</ins> trucīdātum īrī</ pleasure in the fame which his peerless exploits brought him if he had known that he was going to be butchered in the wilds of Egypt?</i></p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page425" id = "page425"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page425"> 425</a></span> <p class = "fourth">In one instance, found in Caesar, the future participle with <b>esse</b> occurs, representing the imperfect @@ -47208,7 +47198,7 @@ indicative. Hence, to avoid ambiguity, the Romans generally did not try to express present time in apodoses of this class in indirect discourse.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2332" id = "sec2332" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2332" href = "#indir_cond_apo">2332.</a></b> The perfect infinitive is exceptionally used; this is based upon the indicative in apodosis (<a href = "#sec2104">2104</a>).</p> @@ -47220,7 +47210,7 @@ say that he had drunk in the study of philosophy with too great eagerness, had not his discreet mother checked his ardent soul</i> (2105 or 2107).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2333" id = "sec2333" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2333" href = "#indir_cond_apo">2333.</a></b> <b>possum</b>, in the apodosis of a conditional period of action non-occurrent (<a href = "#sec2101">2101</a>), is regularly put in the @@ -47236,7 +47226,7 @@ pervenīre, sī sua studia ad honōrēs petendōs cōnferre voluissent</b>, position, if they had only chosen to apply their energies to a political career</i> (<a href = "#sec2103">2103</a>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2334" id = "sec2334" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2334" href = "#indir_cond_apo">2334.</a></b> <b>futūrum fuisse ut</b> with the imperfect subjunctive is rarely used in apodoses of the passive voice (<a href = "#sec2331">2331</a>): @@ -47252,20 +47242,20 @@ every sort’</i> (<a href = "#sec2099">2099</a>). See also Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 101, 2.</p> -<h4><a name = "app_pronoun" id = "app_pronoun" href = "#appendix">(C.) +<h4><a id = "app_pronoun" href = "#appendix">(C.) PRONOUNS.</a></h4> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_personal" id = "pronoun_personal" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_personal" href = "#app_pronoun">The Personal Pronoun.</a></h5> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a class = "error" name = "sec2335" id = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a class = "error" id = "sec2335" href = "#pronoun_personal" title = ". missing">2335.</a></b> For the use of the nominatives <b>ego tū</b>, <b>nōs vōs</b>, see <a href = "#sec1029">1029</a>. The genitive plurals <b>nostrū̆m</b> and <b>vestrū̆m</b> are used as partitive, <b>nostrī</b> and <b>vestrī</b> as objective genitives: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page426" id = "page426"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page426"> 426</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>nēmō nostrūm</b>, <i>RA.</i> 55, <i>not one of us</i> (<a href = "#sec1242">1242</a>). <b>ab utrīsque vestrūm</b>, @@ -47279,10 +47269,10 @@ possessive or objective genitive, see <a href = "#sec1234">1234</a>, <a href = "#sec1262">1262</a>.</p> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_reflex" id = "pronoun_reflex" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_reflex" href = "#app_pronoun">The Reflexive <b>sē</b> and <b>suus</b>.</a></h5> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2336" id = "sec2336" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2336" href = "#pronoun_reflex">2336.</a></b> The reflexive regularly refers to the subject of the verb: as,</p> @@ -47296,7 +47286,7 @@ Caes. <i>C.</i> 3, 97, 3, <i>Caesar divided his forces</i>. For <b>sē ipse</b>, see <a href = "#sec2376">2376</a>; for <b>sē</b> or <b>suus quisque</b>, 2397.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2337" id = "sec2337" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2337" href = "#pronoun_reflex">2337.</a></b> The reflexive sometimes refers to a word not the subject, when that word is specially emphasized or easily made out from the context. This holds @@ -47309,7 +47299,7 @@ waylay the consul in his own house and home</i>. <b>suās rēs Syrācūsānīs restituit</b>, L. 29, 1, 17, <i>he restored their property to the Syracuse people</i>.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2338" id = "sec2338" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2338" href = "#pronoun_reflex">2338.</a></b> In the construction of the accusative with the infinitive (<a href = "#sec2175">2175</a>), the reflexive is regularly used when the subject @@ -47320,7 +47310,7 @@ of the infinitive refers to the subject of the verb: as,</p> spērābant</b>, 7, 26, 2, <i>they hoped to accomplish it</i> (<a href = "#sec2235">2235</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2339" id = "sec2339" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2339" href = "#pronoun_reflex">2339.</a></b> The reflexive, in this construction, sometimes refers to an emphasized word not the formal subject of the verb: as,</p> @@ -47330,7 +47320,7 @@ hominum commoditātēs esse generātōs?</b> <i>DN.</i> 2, 158, <i>the watchfulness of the dog—does not it show that he was created for the convenience of man?</i></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2340" id = "sec2340" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2340" href = "#pronoun_reflex">2340.</a></b> When the subject of the infinitive is different from that of the verb, the reflexive sometimes refers to the subject of the verb, sometimes to @@ -47344,9 +47334,9 @@ man had contended with him without his own undoing</i>; <b>sēcum</b> refers to Ariovistus, the subject of the main verb <b>respondit</b>, <b>suā</b> to <b>nēminem</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page427" id = "page427"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page427"> 427</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2341" id = "sec2341" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2341" href = "#pronoun_reflex">2341.</a></b> In subordinate subjunctive clauses of purpose, indirect discourse, or indirect question, the reflexive refers to the subject of the main @@ -47361,7 +47351,7 @@ dōnāvit</b>, <i>Att.</i> 2, 1, 12, <i>Paetus made me a present of all the books ‘that his brother left.’</i> For the use of <b>is</b> for <b>sē</b>, see <a href = "#sec2370">2370</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2342" id = "sec2342" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2342" href = "#pronoun_reflex">2342.</a></b> The reflexive, in such subordinate clauses, sometimes refers to an emphatic word not the main subject: as,</p> @@ -47371,7 +47361,7 @@ omnium suōrum exstitisset</b>, Suet. <i>Tib.</i> 62, <i>he was for ever calling Priam ‘Fortune’s darling, because he outlived all his kith and kin.’</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2343" id = "sec2343" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2343" href = "#pronoun_reflex">2343.</a></b> The reflexive referring to the main subject is sometimes irregularly used in subordinate indicative clauses.</p> @@ -47383,10 +47373,10 @@ sēcum fuerant</b>, L. 7, 37, 3, <i>he gave a hundred oxen to the soldiers who had been with him</i>.</p> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_recip" id = "pronoun_recip" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_recip" href = "#app_pronoun">Equivalents for a Reciprocal Pronoun.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2344" id = "sec2344" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2344" href = "#pronoun_recip">2344.</a></b> The place of a reciprocal pronoun, <i>each other</i>, is supplied by <b>inter nōs</b>, <b>inter vōs</b>, <b>inter sē</b>, or by <b>alter</b> @@ -47402,7 +47392,7 @@ by the form of the verb: as, <b>fulvā lūctantur harēnā</b>, V. 6, 643, <i>they wrestle with each other on the yellow sand</i> (<a href = "#sec1487">1487</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2345" id = "sec2345" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2345" href = "#pronoun_recip">2345.</a></b> From Livy on, <b>invicem inter sē</b>, <b>invicem sē</b>, or <b>invicem</b> alone, is often used in the expression of reciprocal @@ -47415,10 +47405,10 @@ another</i>. <b>ut invicem ardentius dīligāmus</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 7, 20, 7, <i>that we may love each other more ardently</i>.</p> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_possess" id = "pronoun_possess" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_possess" href = "#app_pronoun">The Possessive Pronoun.</a></h5> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2346" id = "sec2346" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2346" href = "#pronoun_possess">2346.</a></b> The possessive of the personal and reflexive pronoun is regularly omitted, unless it is required for emphasis or contrast: as,</p> @@ -47432,14 +47422,14 @@ possessive pronoun used instead of the possessive or objective genitive, see <a href = "#sec1234">1234</a>, <a href = "#sec1262">1262</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page428" id = "page428"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page428"> 428</a></span> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_demon" id = "pronoun_demon" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_demon" href = "#app_pronoun">The Demonstrative Pronoun.</a></h5> <p class = "header size5"><b>hīc.</b></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2347" id = "sec2347" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2347" href = "#pronoun_demon">2347.</a></b> <b>hīc</b> points out what is near the speaker in place, time, or thought: as,</p> @@ -47451,7 +47441,7 @@ exīstimāvī in hōc sermōne usque ad hanc aetātem esse ventūrum</b>, get down to the present generation</i>. <b>reliquum omne tempus huius annī</b>, <i>V.</i> 1, 30, <i>all the rest of this year</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2348" id = "sec2348" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2348" href = "#pronoun_demon">2348.</a></b> <b>hīc</b> sometimes points out the speaker with pathos, or with emphasis, particularly in comedy.</p> @@ -47465,7 +47455,7 @@ haec praesēnsisset canēs</b>, Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 172, <i>and he’d have done it, unless this dog had got scent of it in time</i>, where the speaker means himself.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2349" id = "sec2349" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2349" href = "#pronoun_demon">2349.</a></b> The neuter plural <b>haec</b> sometimes means <i>the realm</i>, <i>our country</i>, <i>our state</i>, <i>the</i> [Roman] <i>world</i>: as,</p> @@ -47477,7 +47467,7 @@ have tried to destroy the state</i>. <b>servus est nēmō quī nōn haec stāre cupiat</b>, <i>C.</i> 4, 16, <i>there lives no slave that wills not our country should abide</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2350" id = "sec2350" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2350" href = "#pronoun_demon">2350.</a></b> <b>hīc</b>, as expressing a familiar, every-day thing, occasionally has a shade of contempt, either alone, or with <b>volgāris</b>, @@ -47491,7 +47481,7 @@ use</i>. <b>mittō hāsce artīs volgārīs, coquōs, pistōrēs</b>, <i>RA.</i> bakers, &c., &c.</i> <b>taedet cottīdiānārum hārum fōrmārum</b>, T. <i>Eu.</i> 297, <i>I’m sick of your everyday beauties</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2351" id = "sec2351" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2351" href = "#pronoun_demon">2351.</a></b> When <b>hīc</b> relates to the words of a sentence, it points out what has preceded or is to follow, or emphasizes a word referred to by a @@ -47512,9 +47502,9 @@ esse cōnstāret</b>, <i>RP.</i> 1, 19, <i>Scipio had asked me what I thought about this, that it was generally agreed that two suns had been seen</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page429" id = "page429"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page429"> 429</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2352" id = "sec2352" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2352" href = "#pronoun_demon">2352.</a></b> <b>hīc</b> and <b>ille</b> are often opposed, particularly in contrasts of classes: as,</p> @@ -47527,7 +47517,7 @@ sonorous, this fragrant, this rough</i>. <b>ōrātor, nōn ille volgāris sed hīc excellēns</b>, <i>O.</i> 45, <i>an orator, not of the common sort, but the superior one of whom we are speaking</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2353" id = "sec2353" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2353" href = "#pronoun_demon">2353.</a></b> In transitions, <b>ille</b> introduces a new thing, <b>hīc</b> denotes <i>the aforementioned</i>: as,</p> @@ -47537,7 +47527,7 @@ cōnsiliō interfectum</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 2, 25, <i>but this is all ancient history; here, however, is something new, that Caesar was killed at my suggestion</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2354" id = "sec2354" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2354" href = "#pronoun_demon">2354.</a></b> When <b>hīc</b> and <b>ille</b> refer to two different persons or things named in the sentence, <b>hīc</b> commonly refers to the nearer word, @@ -47545,7 +47535,7 @@ named in the sentence, <b>hīc</b> commonly refers to the nearer word, is nearer the mind of the speaker, even though it be remoter in the sentence.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2354a" id = "sec2354a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2354a">a.</a></i>) <b>Caesar beneficiīs ac mūnificentiā magnus habēbātur, integritāte vītae Catō. Ille mānsuētūdine et misericordiā clārus factus, huic sevēritās dignitātem addiderat</b>, S. <i>C.</i> 54, 2, <i>Caesar was esteemed @@ -47558,7 +47548,7 @@ sapientissimum iūdicāvit: huius enim facta, illīus dicta laudantur</b>, himself, whom, as you say, Apollo declared wisest of mankind; for our Cato is renowned for deeds, the other for doctrines</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2355" id = "sec2355" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2355" href = "#pronoun_demon">2355.</a></b> <b>hīc</b> and <b>ille</b> are used together, chiefly in poetry, to explain something past by a present thing: as,</p> @@ -47572,7 +47562,7 @@ son-in-law</i>.</p> <p class = "header size5"><b>iste.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2356" id = "sec2356" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2356" href = "#pronoun_demon">2356.</a></b> <b>iste</b> points out something near to, belonging to, or imputed to the person addressed: as,</p> @@ -47589,9 +47579,9 @@ hīc sapiēns dē quō loquor oculīs quibus iste vester intuēbitur</b>, <i>Ac.</i> 2, 105, <i>the sage of whom I speak will look with the same eyes as the sage you boast of</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page430" id = "page430"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page430"> 430</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2357" id = "sec2357" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2357" href = "#pronoun_demon">2357.</a></b> From its use in addressing opponents or in talking at them, <b>iste</b> is common in contemptuous phrases: as,</p> @@ -47606,7 +47596,7 @@ of traffic</i>.</p> <p class = "header size5"><b>ille.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2358" id = "sec2358" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2358" href = "#pronoun_demon">2358.</a></b> <b>ille</b> points to what is remote in place, time, or thought: as,</p> @@ -47620,13 +47610,13 @@ dē rēbus sōl mē ille admonuit ut brevior essem</b>, <i>DO.</i> 3, 209, <i>but on these topics yonder sun has warned me to be pretty brief</i>. For other examples, see <a href = "#sec2352">2352-2355</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2359" id = "sec2359" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2359" href = "#pronoun_demon">2359.</a></b> <b>ille</b> is used to point out a celebrity, often one of the past. So, particularly without a proper name, in allusive style, referring to what is famed in story.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2359a" id = "sec2359a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2359a">a.</a></i>) <b>hīc est ille Dēmosthenēs</b>, <i>TD.</i> 5, 103, <i>this is the famous Demosthenes</i>. <b>Athēniēnsis ille Themistoclēs</b>, <i>DO.</i> 2, 299, <i>Themistocles the great, of Athens</i>. <b>illud Solōnis</b>, @@ -47637,7 +47627,7 @@ life through confidence in his strength</i>. <b>illae rēgiae lacrimae</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 3, 7, 13, <i>the monarch’s historic tears</i>, of Xerxes.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2360" id = "sec2360" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2360" href = "#pronoun_demon">2360.</a></b> Indicating change of subject, <b>ille</b> is <i>this other man</i>. In such cases it is often best expressed in English by a proper name or a @@ -47651,7 +47641,7 @@ ille lābitur et lābētur</b>, H. <i>E.</i> 1, 2, 42, <i>he is a peasant waiting for the river to go down: but the river flows and will flow on</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2361" id = "sec2361" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2361" href = "#pronoun_demon">2361.</a></b> In concessions, <b>ille</b> often precedes <b>quidem</b>; in translation no pronoun is required.</p> @@ -47664,7 +47654,7 @@ education</i>. <b>est tarda illa medicīna, sed tamen magna</b>, working</i>. <b>hīc</b>, <b>is</b>, and <b>iste</b> are used rarely in this way.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2362" id = "sec2362" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2362" href = "#pronoun_demon">2362.</a></b> In poetry <b>ille</b> may serve: (1.) To repeat a thing with emphasis: as,</p> @@ -47674,9 +47664,9 @@ as,</p> <i>arms and the man I sing, from Troja’s shore the first to come to Italy, much tossed that man by land and sea</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page431" id = "page431"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page431"> 431</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2363" id = "sec2363" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2363" href = "#pronoun_demon">2363.</a></b> (2.) To emphasize the second of two ideas: as,</p> @@ -47686,7 +47676,7 @@ mighty with his left</i>. <b>nōn tamen Euryalī, non ille oblītus amōrum</b>, V. 5, 334, <i>still not Euryalus forgetting, no, not he his love!</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2364" id = "sec2364" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2364" href = "#pronoun_demon">2364.</a></b> (3.) As a provisional subject, to anticipate the real subject, and keep the attention in suspense till the real subject comes with emphasis: @@ -47697,18 +47687,18 @@ aper substitit</b>, V. 10, 707, <i>and e’en as he, goaded by bite of hounds from mountains high, the boar hath paused</i>.</p> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_deter" id = "pronoun_deter" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_deter" href = "#app_pronoun">The Determinative Pronoun.</a></h5> <p class = "header size5"><b>is.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2365" id = "sec2365" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2365" href = "#pronoun_deter">2365.</a></b> <b>is</b> refers to something named in the context. When some feeling is to be expressed, such as admiration, or oftener contempt, <b>homō</b> is often put for <b>is</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2365a" id = "sec2365a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2365a">a.</a></i>) <b>petit ā rēge et eum plūribus verbīs rogat ut id ad sē mittat</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 64, <i>he solicits the king and begs him at considerable length to send it to him</i>. <b>nōndum mātūrus imperiō Ascanius erat, @@ -47722,7 +47712,7 @@ I needed money</i>. <b>nēquam esse hominem et levem sciēbam</b>, <i>Sest.</i> 22, <i>I knew the fellow was worthless and frivolous</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2366" id = "sec2366" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2366" href = "#pronoun_deter">2366.</a></b> (1.) <b>is</b> refers to something named before or after: as,</p> @@ -47734,7 +47724,7 @@ habitat</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 38, <i>Diodorus is from Melita; he has lived many years at Lilybaeum</i>. For other examples of is used to connect sentences, see <a href = "#sec2129">2129</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2367" id = "sec2367" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2367" href = "#pronoun_deter">2367.</a></b> With a connective, <b>is</b> denotes an important addition: as,</p> @@ -47745,12 +47735,12 @@ under Cratippus, and that too in Athens</i>. <b>erant in eō plūrimae litterae nec eae volgārēs</b>, <i>Br.</i> 265, <i>he was a man of very deep reading and that of no common sort either</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2368" id = "sec2368" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2368" href = "#pronoun_deter">2368.</a></b> (2.) <b>is</b> indicates something explained or restricted by a relative or indefinite, <b>quī</b>, <b>quīcumque</b>, <b>sī quis</b>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page432" id = "page432"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page432"> 432</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>haec omnia is fēcī, quī sodālis Dolābellae eram</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 12, 14, 7, <i>all this I did, I that was @@ -47768,12 +47758,12 @@ to suppress some part of that eloquence, if any he may have</i>. See also <a href = "#sec1795">1795</a>, <a href = "#sec1798">1798</a>. For <b>id quod</b>, see <a href = "#sec1811">1811</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2369" id = "sec2369" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2369" href = "#pronoun_deter">2369.</a></b> For the use of <b>is</b> instead of a relative repeated in a different case, see <a href = "#sec1833">1833</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2370" id = "sec2370" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2370" href = "#pronoun_deter">2370.</a></b> <b>is</b> sometimes is loosely used for the reflexive <b>sē</b> (<a href = "#sec2341">2341</a>); here the point of view of the writer shows @@ -47787,12 +47777,12 @@ fierī prohibuit, quō occultior esset eius adventus</b>, Caes. <i>C.</i> fires, in order to keep his coming a greater secret</i>.</p> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_ident" id = "pronoun_ident" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_ident" href = "#app_pronoun">The Pronoun of Identity.</a></h5> <p class = "header size5"><b>īdem.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2371" id = "sec2371" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2371" href = "#pronoun_ident">2371.</a></b> <b>īdem</b>, <i>the same</i>, often connects two different predicates to the same person or thing. In this case, it may be variously rendered by @@ -47811,7 +47801,7 @@ and endured wounds, to preserve their rights and their freedom, are nevertheless, when no contest is involved, unable to bear the pain of a disease</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2372" id = "sec2372" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2372" href = "#pronoun_ident">2372.</a></b> <b>īdem</b> is often used with other pronouns, <b>hīc</b>, <b>iste</b>, <b>istūc</b>, <b>ille</b>: as,</p> @@ -47821,13 +47811,13 @@ disease</i>.</p> <b>multae aliae idem istuc cupiunt</b>, Pl. <i>MG.</i> 1040, <i>many other ladies want just what you want</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2373" id = "sec2373" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2373" href = "#pronoun_ident">2373.</a></b> <i>The same as</i> is expressed by <b>īdem</b> followed by <b>quī</b>, <b>atque</b> or <b>ac</b>, <b>ut</b>, <b>quasi</b>, <b>cum</b>, sometimes in poetry by the dative.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page433" id = "page433"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page433"> 433</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>īdem sum quī semper fuī</b>, Pl. <i>Am.</i> 447, <i>I’m the same man I’ve always been</i>. <b>pōmārium sēminārium ad @@ -47845,16 +47835,16 @@ quiētest</b>, Lucr. 3, 1037, <i>Homer sleeps the same sleep as others</i>.</p> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_intens" id = "pronoun_intens" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_intens" href = "#app_pronoun">The Intensive Pronoun.</a></h5> <p class = "header size5"><b>ipse.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2374" id = "sec2374" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2374" href = "#pronoun_intens">2374.</a></b> <b>ipse</b>, <i>self</i>, is used in contrasts.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2375" id = "sec2375" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2375" href = "#pronoun_intens">2375.</a></b> <b>ipse</b> may contrast the chief person with subordinates, or a person with any thing belonging to him.</p> @@ -47874,7 +47864,7 @@ so;’ now “the old man” was Pythagoras</i>. <b>nāvis tantum iactūrā factā, incolumēs ipsī ēvāsērunt</b>, L. 30, 25, 8, <i>the vessel only was lost, and the sailors escaped in safety</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2376" id = "sec2376" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2376" href = "#pronoun_intens">2376.</a></b> <b>ipse</b> is often used with personals and reflexives agreeing with the emphatic word. But the nominative is usually preferred, especially @@ -47882,7 +47872,7 @@ when <b>ipse</b> stands before the other pronoun, or when it stands after <b>per mē</b>, <b>per sē</b>. After <b>mēmet</b>, <b>nōbīsmet</b>, <b>nōsmet</b>, &c., it agrees with these words.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2376a" id = "sec2376a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2376a">a.</a></i>) <b>neque enim potest exercitum is continēre imperātor, quī sē ipsum nōn continet</b>, <i>IP.</i> 38, <i>for no commander can keep his army under control who does not keep his own self under control</i>. <b>mīles @@ -47898,12 +47888,12 @@ no medicine, I am my own comforter</i>. (<i>c.</i>) <b>ut nōbīsmet ipsīs imperēmus</b>, <i>TD.</i> 2, 47, <i>that we should govern ourselves</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2377" id = "sec2377" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2377" href = "#pronoun_intens">2377.</a></b> <b>ipse</b> alone sometimes stands for an emphatic <b>sē</b> or <b>suus</b>: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page434" id = "page434"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page434"> 434</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>pertimuērunt nē ab ipsīs dēscīsceret et cum suīs in grātiam redīret</b>, N. 7, 5, 1, <i>they were much afraid that he @@ -47912,12 +47902,12 @@ would abandon them and come into favour with his compatriots again</i>. sunt</b>, <i>QFr.</i> 1, 1, 2, <i>people should be most vexed at things which are brought about through fault of their own</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2378" id = "sec2378" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2378" href = "#pronoun_intens">2378.</a></b> <b>ipse</b> is used in many combinations where <i>self</i> is an inadequate translation. It may sometimes be translated by:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2379" id = "sec2379" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2379" href = "#pronoun_intens">2379.</a></b> (1.) <i>Actual</i>, <i>positive</i>, <i>even</i>.</p> @@ -47928,7 +47918,7 @@ health be good</i>. <b>hōc ipsum ēlegantius pōnī meliusque potuit</b>, <i>Fin.</i> 2, 100, <i>even this might have been put more logically and better</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2380" id = "sec2380" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2380" href = "#pronoun_intens">2380.</a></b> (2.) <i>Regular</i>, <i>proper</i>, <i>real</i>.</p> @@ -47940,7 +47930,7 @@ illō oppidō cōniūnctissimō animō cum ipsīs Agrigentīnīs vīvunt</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 93, <i>a great many Romans live in that town in most friendly relations with the natives of Agrigentum</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2381" id = "sec2381" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2381" href = "#pronoun_intens">2381.</a></b> (3.) <i>As well</i>, <i>likewise</i>, <i>too</i>, for which, from Livy on, <b>et ipse</b> is used.</p> @@ -47952,7 +47942,7 @@ dēfectiōnem Ītaliae dēscīverat et ipsa ad Poenōs</b>, L. 29, 6, 1, <i>a project for recovering the city of Locri, which, on the revolt of Italy, had likewise gone over to the Carthaginians</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2382" id = "sec2382" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2382" href = "#pronoun_intens">2382.</a></b> (4.) <i>Alone</i>, <i>mere</i>.</p> @@ -47960,7 +47950,7 @@ of Italy, had likewise gone over to the Carthaginians</i>.</p> adfert calamitātem</b>, <i>IP.</i> 15, <i>not only the coming of misfortune, but even the mere dread of it brings disaster</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2383" id = "sec2383" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2383" href = "#pronoun_intens">2383.</a></b> (5.) <i>Exactly</i>, <i>just</i>, with numerals and dates, or <i>right</i>, of place.</p> @@ -47974,7 +47964,7 @@ Indutiomarus is caught and killed</i>. <b>suprā ipsum balneum habitō</b>, Sen. <i>Ep.</i> 56, 1, <i>I live right over a bath</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2384" id = "sec2384" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2384" href = "#pronoun_intens">2384.</a></b> (6.) <i>Of oneself</i>, <i>voluntarily</i>, <i>of one’s own motion</i>.</p> @@ -47987,14 +47977,14 @@ let him out, or, when he was going out of his own motion, wished him godspeed</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page435" id = "page435"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page435"> 435</a></span> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_interr" id = "pronoun_interr" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_interr" href = "#app_pronoun">The Interrogative Pronoun.</a></h5> <p class = "header size5"><b>uter</b> and <b>quis</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2385" id = "sec2385" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2385" href = "#pronoun_interr">2385.</a></b> <b>uter</b>, <i>whether</i>? <i>which</i>? is used in questions about two things; <b>quis</b> and <b>quī</b>, <i>who</i>? <i>what</i>? in @@ -48012,7 +48002,7 @@ ship should quarrel about which of them should be pilot</i>. <b>ut quem velīs, nesciās</b>, <i>Att.</i> 16, 14, 1, <i>so that you don’t know which to choose, as between Octavian and Antony</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2386" id = "sec2386" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2386" href = "#pronoun_interr">2386.</a></b> <b>quis</b> and <b>quid</b> ask to have a thing named; <b>quī</b> and <b>quod</b> to have it described. But see <a href = @@ -48030,21 +48020,21 @@ view do we seek to know how yon bodies in the sky keep in motion?</i></p> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_rel" id = "pronoun_rel" href = "#app_pronoun">The +<h5><a id = "pronoun_rel" href = "#app_pronoun">The Relative Pronoun.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2387" id = "sec2387" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2387" href = "#pronoun_rel">2387.</a></b> The relative pronoun has already been treated; see <a href = "#sec1792">1792-1837</a>.</p> -<h5><a name = "pronoun_indef" id = "pronoun_indef" href = +<h5><a id = "pronoun_indef" href = "#app_pronoun">The Indefinite Pronoun.</a></h5> <p class = "header size5"><b>quis</b> or <b>quī</b>; <b>quispiam</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2388" id = "sec2388" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2388" href = "#pronoun_indef">2388.</a></b> <b>quis</b> or <b>quī</b>, a, <i>some</i>, <i>somebody</i>, always stands after one or more words of the sentence. <b>quis</b> or @@ -48064,9 +48054,9 @@ vulneret</b>, 5, 58, 4, <i>he charges them and forbids them; they were all to assail Indutiomarus alone; and nobody was to wound anybody</i> (<a href = "#sec2402">2402</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page436" id = "page436"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page436"> 436</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2389" id = "sec2389" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2389" href = "#pronoun_indef">2389.</a></b> <b>quispiam</b>, <i>a</i>, <i>some</i>, <i>one or another</i>.</p> @@ -48080,7 +48070,7 @@ or another cohort charged, the enemy fled back quick speed</i> (<a href <p class = "header size5"><b>aliquis.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2390" id = "sec2390" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2390" href = "#pronoun_indef">2390.</a></b> <b>aliquis</b> or <b>aliquī</b> <i>some one</i>, <i>some one or other</i>, has always some affirmative emphasis, and is opposed to the @@ -48105,7 +48095,7 @@ remīsisset, aliquam rem pūblicam nōbīs habēre licuisset</b>, <i>Ph.</i> and Caesar a good deal of his ambition, we might have had what would have been to some degree a commonwealth</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2391" id = "sec2391" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2391" href = "#pronoun_indef">2391.</a></b> <b>aliquis</b> is sometimes equivalent to <b>aliquis alius</b>: as,</p> @@ -48118,7 +48108,7 @@ or wine or something else every day</i>.</p> <p class = "header size5"><b>quīdam.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2392" id = "sec2392" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2392" href = "#pronoun_indef">2392.</a></b> <b>quīdam</b>, <i>a</i>, <i>a certain</i>, denotes a thing which we cannot describe or do not care to.</p> @@ -48139,9 +48129,9 @@ putat</b>, <i>DN.</i> 1, 36, <i>in other works he supposes <ins class = pervading all nature and endowed with divine power</i>, of Zeno’s doctrine.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page437" id = "page437"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page437"> 437</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2393" id = "sec2393" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2393" href = "#pronoun_indef">2393.</a></b> <b>quīdam</b> is often used to soften an exaggeration or a metaphor, sometimes to denote contempt.</p> @@ -48162,7 +48152,7 @@ crack-brained creature</i>.</p> <p class = "header size5"><b>quisque.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2394" id = "sec2394" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2394" href = "#pronoun_indef">2394.</a></b> <b>quisque</b>, <i>each</i>, <i>each in particular</i>, <i>each by himself</i>, applies what is stated of all to each several case, out of @@ -48179,7 +48169,7 @@ quae digitō dēmōnstrārī potest</b>, <i>RP.</i> 6, 26, <i>the mind of a man is always the man, and not that shape which can be pointed out by the finger</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2395" id = "sec2395" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2395" href = "#pronoun_indef">2395.</a></b> <b>quisque</b> is sometimes used in a relative and demonstrative sentence both.</p> @@ -48190,7 +48180,7 @@ est cuiusque proprium, quō quisque fruitur atque ūtitur</b>, <i>Fam.</i> 7, 30, 2, <i>for that is always a man’s property which he has the enjoyment and use of</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2396" id = "sec2396" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2396" href = "#pronoun_indef">2396.</a></b> In a complex sentence, consisting of a main and a relative sentence, <b>quisque</b> is usually expressed but once, and then in the unemphatic @@ -48211,13 +48201,13 @@ invariably went to see these statues</i> (<a href = cōnsistēbat</b>, 7, 48, 2, <i>as they successively arrived, each man of them took his stand under the wall</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2397" id = "sec2397" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2397" href = "#pronoun_indef">2397.</a></b> <b>quisque</b> is often used with <b>sē</b> or <b>suus</b>, superlatives, and ordinals, holding an unemphatic place <i>after</i> these words: as,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page438" id = "page438"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page438"> 438</a></span> <p class = "fourth"><b>ipse sē quisque dīligit</b>, <i>L.</i> 80, <i>a man always loves his own self</i>. <b>suos quoique mōs</b>, T. @@ -48236,7 +48226,7 @@ explain things successively</i>; or, <i>one thing after another</i>. adferrētur</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 58, <i>he sent a letter directing said ring to be sent to him without delay</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2398" id = "sec2398" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2398" href = "#pronoun_indef">2398.</a></b> In old Latin <b>quisque</b> is sometimes equivalent to <b>quīcumque</b> or <b>quisquis</b>, <i>whoever</i>: as, <b>quisque obviam huic @@ -48254,13 +48244,13 @@ it</i>. Masculine <b>quisquis</b> for <b>quisque</b> is doubtful (see <p class = "header size5"><b>uterque.</b></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2399" id = "sec2399" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2399" href = "#pronoun_indef">2399.</a></b> <b>uterque</b>, <i>each</i>, is used of two individuals, and <b>utrīque</b> of two sets or parties. But sometimes <b>utrīque</b> is used of two individuals.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2399a" id = "sec2399a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2399a">a.</a></i>) <b>ut illa nātūra caelestis et terrā vacat et ūmōre, sīc utriusque hārum rērum hūmānus animus est expers</b>, <i>TD.</i> 1, 65, <i>even as the heavenly nature is free from the earthy and the humid, so the soul of @@ -48273,14 +48263,14 @@ themselves up in Heraclea</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>sex fīliī nōbīs, duae fīliae sunt, utraeque iam nūptae</b>, L. 42, 34, 4, <i>we have six sons and two daughters, both already married</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2400" id = "sec2400" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2400" href = "#pronoun_indef">2400.</a></b> Reciprocal relations (<a href = "#sec2344">2344</a>) are sometimes expressed by <b>uterque</b> followed by a different case of <b>alter</b>; rarely by <b>uterque</b> and a different case of the same word.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2400a" id = "sec2400a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2400a">a.</a></i>) <b>quōrum uterque contempsit alterum</b>, <i>Off.</i> 1, 4, <i>each of whom lightly esteemed the other</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>abdūcī nōn potest :: quī nōn potest? :: quia uterque utrīquest cordī</b>, T. @@ -48292,15 +48282,15 @@ found only half a dozen times; not in Cicero.</p> <p class = "fourth"><b>quīvīs</b> and <b>quīlibet</b>; <b>utervīs</b> and <b>uterlibet</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2401" id = "sec2401" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2401" href = "#pronoun_indef">2401.</a></b> <b>quīvīs</b> and <b>quīlibet</b>, <i>any you please</i>, are used either in affirmative or negative sentences. When two are spoken of, <b>utervīs</b> or <b>uterlibet</b> is used.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page439" id = "page439"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page439"> 439</a></span> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2401a" id = "sec2401a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2401a">a.</a></i>) <b>ut quīvīs intellegere posset</b>, <i>V.</i> 5, 17, <i>so that any fool might know</i>. <b>faciat quidlubet</b>, T. <i>Hau.</i> 464, <i>let him do anything he likes</i>. (<i>b.</i>) <b>quī utramvīs rēctē @@ -48311,7 +48301,7 @@ well, knows both</i>. <b>utrumlibet ēlige</b>, <i>Quinct.</i> 81, <p class = "header size5"><b>quisquam</b> and <b>ūllus</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2402" id = "sec2402" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2402" href = "#pronoun_indef">2402.</a></b> <b>quisquam</b> (<a href = "#sec692">692</a>), <i>a single one</i>, <i>any one at all</i>, and <b>ūllus</b>, <i>any</i>, are used chiefly in @@ -48340,7 +48330,7 @@ quisquam</b> and <b>nihil quicquam</b> are old and late: as, T. <i>Ph.</i> 80, <i>our young master didn’t make any trouble at first</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2403" id = "sec2403" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2403" href = "#pronoun_indef">2403.</a></b> <b>nēmō</b> is generally used for <b>nōn quisquam</b>, <b>nēmō umquam</b> for <b>numquam quisquam</b>, <b>nihil</b> for <b>nōn @@ -48360,10 +48350,10 @@ prīmō cernēbant</b>, L. 21, 46, 4, <i>neither party saw the others at first</i>.</p> -<h4><a name = "app_numeral" id = "app_numeral" href = "#appendix">(D.) +<h4><a id = "app_numeral" href = "#appendix">(D.) NUMERALS.</a></h4> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2404" id = "sec2404" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2404" href = "#app_numeral">2404.</a></b> Numerals are divided into Adjectives: <i>Cardinal</i>, <b>ūnus</b>, <i>one</i>, <b>duo</b>, <i>two</i>, &c.; <i>Ordinal</i>, @@ -48375,16 +48365,16 @@ Numerals are divided into Adjectives: <i>Cardinal</i>, <b>ūnus</b>, <p class = "fifth">For the inflection of numerals, see <a href = "#sec637">637-643</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page440" id = "page440"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page440"> 440<br> 441</a></span> -<p class = "floater third"><b><a name = "sec2405" id = "sec2405" href = +<p class = "floater third"><b><a id = "sec2405" href = "#app_numeral">2405.</a></b></p> <p class = "center third"><i>List of Numerals.</i></p> -<table class = "fullbox numbers"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Arabic.</th> <th>Cardinals.</th> @@ -48797,13 +48787,13 @@ title = "text reads ‘quādringentēsimus’">quadringentēsimus</ins></b></td> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page442" id = "page442"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page442"> 442</a></span> -<h5><a name = "numeral_notation" id = "numeral_notation" href = +<h5><a id = "numeral_notation" href = "#app_numeral">Notation.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2406" id = "sec2406" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2406" href = "#numeral_notation">2406.</a></b> Numbers are noted by combinations of the characters <span class = "blockletter">I</span> = 1; <span class = "blockletter">V</span> = 5; @@ -48817,7 +48807,7 @@ or <span class = "blockletter">L</span> = 50; <span class = width = "26" height = "15" alt = "symbol">,</span> post-Augustan M = 1000.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2407" id = "sec2407" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2407" href = "#numeral_notation">2407.</a></b> Of these signs, <span class = "blockletter">V</span> seems to be the half of <span class = "blockletter">X</span>, which may be Etruscan in @@ -48851,7 +48841,7 @@ used originally; but C (the abbreviation for <b>centum</b>) came into use at an early period. The sign <span class = "blockletter">D</span>, = 500, is the half of ↀ.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2408" id = "sec2408" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2408" href = "#numeral_notation">2408.</a></b> To denote 10,000 the sign for 1000 was doubled: thus, ↂ, written also <span class = "locked"><img src = "images/first10000.png" width = "20" @@ -48870,7 +48860,7 @@ alt = "symbol">,</span> <span class = "locked"><img src = found, corresponding to the variations of the signs of which they are the halves.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2409" id = "sec2409" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2409" href = "#numeral_notation">2409.</a></b> From the last century of the republic on, thousands are sometimes indicated by a line drawn above a numeral, and hundreds of thousands by @@ -48878,7 +48868,7 @@ three lines enclosing a numeral: as, <span class = "blockletter">V̅</span> = 5000; <img src = "images/million.png" width = "20" height = "15" alt = "symbol"> = 1,000,000.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2410" id = "sec2410" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2410" href = "#numeral_notation">2410.</a></b> To distinguish numerals from ordinary letters, a line is often drawn above them: as, <span class = "blockletter">V͞I</span> = 6. This @@ -48887,7 +48877,7 @@ sometimes drawn across the numeral, as, <img src = "images/twoH.png" width = "22" height = "20" alt = "symbol"> = 2; <img src = "images/lineD.png" width = "18" height = "20" alt = "symbol"> = 500.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2411" id = "sec2411" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2411" href = "#numeral_notation">2411.</a></b> Of the two methods of writing the symbols for 4, 9, 14, 19, &c., the method by subtraction (<span class = "blockletter">IV</span>, <span @@ -48896,10 +48886,10 @@ class = "blockletter">IX</span>, <span class = "blockletter">XIV</span>, characteristic of private, not public inscriptions.</p> -<h5><a name = "numeral_forms" id = "numeral_forms" href = +<h5><a id = "numeral_forms" href = "#app_numeral">Some Forms of Numerals.</a></h5> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2412" id = "sec2412" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2412" href = "#numeral_forms">2412.</a></b> <b>quīnctus</b>, the older form of <b>quīntus</b> (<a href = "#sec170">170, 4</a>) is sometimes found in old and even in @@ -48907,7 +48897,7 @@ classical writers. Instead of <b>septimus</b> and <b>decimus</b>, the older <b>septumus</b> and <b>decumus</b> are not uncommon (<a href = "#sec28">28</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2413" id = "sec2413" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2413" href = "#numeral_forms">2413.</a></b> In the ordinals from <i>twentieth</i> upwards, the older forms <b>vīcēnsumus</b> or <b>vīcēnsimus</b>, <b>trīcēnsumus</b> or @@ -48915,15 +48905,15 @@ In the ordinals from <i>twentieth</i> upwards, the older forms of <b>vīcēsimus</b>, <b>trīcēsimus</b>, &c., &c. (<a href = "#sec63">63</a>; <a href = "#sec28">28</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2414" id = "sec2414" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2414" href = "#numeral_forms">2414.</a></b> In the numeral adverbs from <b>quīnquiēns</b> upwards, later forms in <b class = "locked">-īēs</b> (<a href = "#sec63">63</a>) are often found: as, <b>quīnquiēs</b>, <b>deciēs</b>, &c., &c.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page443" id = "page443"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page443"> 443</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2415" id = "sec2415" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2415" href = "#numeral_forms">2415.</a></b> In cardinals and ordinals from <i>thirteen</i> to <i>seventeen</i> inclusive, the larger number sometimes comes first, and in cardinals @@ -48935,7 +48925,7 @@ farms</i>. Rarely the smaller number comes first with <b>et</b>: as, <b>dē tribus et decem fundīs</b>, <i>RA</i>. 99, <i>of the thirteen farms</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2416" id = "sec2416" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2416" href = "#numeral_forms">2416.</a></b> Numbers from 18 to 99 inclusive which end in 8 or 9 are usually expressed by subtraction, as in the list (<a href = @@ -48943,7 +48933,7 @@ expressed by subtraction, as in the list (<a href = classical writers) by addition: as, <b>decem et octō</b>, 4, 19, 4; <b>decem novem</b>, Ta. <i>H.</i> 2, 58.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2417" id = "sec2417" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2417" href = "#numeral_forms">2417.</a></b> In compound numbers from <i>twenty-one</i> to <i>ninety-seven</i> inclusive, except those which end in <i>eight</i> or <i>nine</i> (<a @@ -48952,7 +48942,7 @@ first or the larger number without <b>et</b>, as in the list. But rarely the larger number comes first with <b>et</b>: as, <b>vīgintī et septem</b>, <i>V.</i> 4, 123, <i>twenty and seven</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2418" id = "sec2418" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2418" href = "#numeral_forms">2418.</a></b> In numbers from a <i>hundred and one</i> upwards, the larger number comes first, either with or without <b>et</b>; but with distributives @@ -48962,13 +48952,13 @@ annīs et ducentīs praeteritīs</b>, <i>RP</i>. 2, 52, <i>after these two hundred and forty years of monarchy were ended</i>.</p> -<h5><a name = "numeral_uses" id = "numeral_uses" href = +<h5><a id = "numeral_uses" href = "#app_numeral">SOME USES OF NUMERALS.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "num_use_cardinal" id = "num_use_cardinal" href = +<h6><a id = "num_use_cardinal" href = "#numeral_uses">Cardinals and Ordinals.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2419" id = "sec2419" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2419" href = "#num_use_cardinal">2419.</a></b> Dates are expressed either by cardinals with a plural substantive or by ordinals with a singular substantive: as,</p> @@ -48986,10 +48976,10 @@ fixed official era, they had no dates in the modern sense, and marked the year by the names of the consuls.</p> -<h6><a name = "num_use_distrib" id = "num_use_distrib" href = +<h6><a id = "num_use_distrib" href = "#numeral_uses">Distributives.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2420" id = "sec2420" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2420" href = "#num_use_distrib">2420.</a></b> Distributives are used to denote an equal division among several persons or things, and in expressions of multiplication: as,</p> @@ -49002,9 +48992,9 @@ used, thus: <b>singulīs cēnsōribus dēnāriī trecentī imperātī sunt</b>, bīna</b>, <i>DN</i>. 2, 49, <i>twice two</i>. Poets use multiplication freely, partly for variety, but mainly from metrical necessity.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page444" id = "page444"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page444"> 444</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2421" id = "sec2421" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2421" href = "#num_use_distrib">2421.</a></b> Distributives are also used with substantives which have no singular, or which have a different meaning in the singular; but in this use @@ -49017,7 +49007,7 @@ formed out of two</i>. <b>trīnīs catēnīs vinctus</b>, 1, 53, 5, <i>in triple irons</i>. Similarly with things in pairs, as: <b>bovēs bīnī</b>, Pl. <i>Pers.</i> 317, <i>a yoke of oxen</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2422" id = "sec2422" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2422" href = "#num_use_distrib">2422.</a></b> Poets sometimes use the singular of distributives: as, <b>centēnāque arbore flūctum verberat</b>, V. 10, 207, <i>and with a hundred beams at @@ -49028,10 +49018,10 @@ is sometimes used in verse for the cardinal: <b>centum bracchia arms . . . and hundred hands</i>.</p> -<h5><a name = "numeral_other" id = "numeral_other" href = +<h5><a id = "numeral_other" href = "#app_numeral">Other Numerals.</a></h5> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2423" id = "sec2423" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2423" href = "#numeral_other">2423.</a></b> Other numerical adjectives are <i>multiplicatives</i>, ending in <b class = "locked">-plex</b>; they are: <b>simplex</b>, <i>onefold</i>, @@ -49047,35 +49037,35 @@ rate</i>: <b>bīmus</b>, <i>twinter</i>, <i>two-year-old</i>; &c., &c.</p> -<h5><a name = "numeral_frac" id = "numeral_frac" href = +<h5><a id = "numeral_frac" href = "#app_numeral">Expression of Fractions.</a></h5> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2424" id = "sec2424" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2424" href = "#numeral_frac">2424.</a></b> <i>One half</i> may be expressed by <b>dīmidium</b> or <b>dīmidia pars</b>; other fractions with 1 as a numerator by ordinals, with or without <b>pars</b>: as, <b>tertia pars</b> or <b>tertia</b>, 1/3.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2425" id = "sec2425" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2425" href = "#numeral_frac">2425.</a></b> If the numerator is greater than 1 it is usually expressed by the cardinal feminine, with the ordinal feminine for the denominator: as, <b>duae septimae</b>, 2/7. But besides these forms there are others, namely:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2426" id = "sec2426" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2426" href = "#numeral_frac">2426.</a></b> (1.) Fractions with a numerator less by 1 than the denominator, except 1/2, may be expressed by cardinals with <b>partēs</b>, as, <b>duae partēs</b>, 2/3; <b>trēs partēs</b>, 3/4; <b>quattuor partēs</b>, 4/5.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2427" id = "sec2427" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2427" href = "#numeral_frac">2427.</a></b> (2.) Fractions with 12 or its multiples as a denominator are expressed in business language by the parts of an <b>ās</b>: thus,</p> -<table class = "plainhead fractions"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>1/12,</td> <td><b>uncia</b></td> @@ -49132,25 +49122,25 @@ neptem</b>, Plin. <i>Ep.</i> 7, 24, 2, <i>she left her grandson heir to 2/3, her granddaughter to 1/3</i>. <b>hērēdem ex dōdrante</b>, N. 25, 5, 2, <i>heir to 3/4</i>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2428" id = "sec2428" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2428" href = "#numeral_frac">2428.</a></b> Sometimes fractions are expressed by addition: as, <b>dīmidia et quarta</b>, 3/4; <b>pars tertia et septima</b>, 10/21; sometimes by division of the denominator: as, <b>dīmidia quīnta</b>, 1/10.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page445" id = "page445"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page445"> 445</a></span> -<h4><a name = "app_prosody" id = "app_prosody" href = "#appendix">(E.) +<h4><a id = "app_prosody" href = "#appendix">(E.) PROSODY.</a></h4> -<h5><a name = "pros_quantity" id = "pros_quantity" href = +<h5><a id = "pros_quantity" href = "#app_prosody">I. RULES OF QUANTITY.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "quantity_classical" id = "quantity_classical" href = +<h6><a id = "quantity_classical" href = "#pros_quantity">(A.) In Classical Latin.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2429" id = "sec2429" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2429" href = "#quantity_classical">2429.</a></b> The length of the vowel in some classes of syllables, as used in the classical period, may be conveniently fixed in the memory by the @@ -49161,10 +49151,10 @@ vowels and syllables, see <a href = "#sec33">33-41</a>; 121-134; 177-178.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "quantity_mono" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "quantity_mono" href = "#quantity_classical">Monosyllables.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2430" id = "sec2430" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2430" href = "#quantity_mono">2430.</a></b> Monosyllables ending in a vowel or a single consonant have the vowel long: as,</p> @@ -49179,16 +49169,16 @@ ablative <b>quā</b>, <b>quī</b>; <b>quīn</b> for <b>*quīne</b>; locative <p class = "header size7">Exceptions.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2431" id = "sec2431" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2431" href = "#quantity_mono">2431.</a></b> The vowel is short in:</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2432" id = "sec2432" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2432" href = "#quantity_mono">2432.</a></b> (a.) Monosyllables ending in <b>b</b>, <b>d</b>, <b>m</b>, and <b>t</b>: as, <b>ab</b>, <b>ad</b>, <b>dum</b>, <b>dat</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2433" id = "sec2433" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2433" href = "#quantity_mono">2433.</a></b> (b.) The indefinite <b>qua</b>, N. and Ac.; the enclitics <b>-que</b> (rarely <b class = "locked">-quē</b>), <b class = "locked">-ne</b>, <b @@ -49201,12 +49191,12 @@ href = "#sec664">664</a>). For the quantity of <b>es</b>, see <a href = "#sec747">747</a>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "quantity_poly" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "quantity_poly" href = "#quantity_classical">Polysyllables.</a></p> <p class = "header smallcaps">Penults.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2434" id = "sec2434" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2434" href = "#quantity_poly">2434.</a></b> Disyllabic perfects and perfect participles have the vowel of the penult long when it stands before a single consonant: as,</p> @@ -49216,11 +49206,11 @@ long when it stands before a single consonant: as,</p> <b>fōtus</b> (<a href = "#sec917">917</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page446" id = "page446"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page446"> 446</a></span> <p class = "header size7">Exceptions.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2435" id = "sec2435" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2435" href = "#quantity_poly">2435.</a></b> (a.) Nine perfects have the penult short (<a href = "#sec859">859-861</a>):</p> @@ -49232,7 +49222,7 @@ long when it stands before a single consonant: as,</p> <p><b>tulī</b>, <b>-tudī</b>, <b>per-culī</b>.</p> </div> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2436" id = "sec2436" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2436" href = "#quantity_poly">2436.</a></b> (b.) Ten perfect participles have the penult short (<a href = "#sec918">918</a>; see also <a href = "#sec919">919</a>):</p> @@ -49246,38 +49236,38 @@ long when it stands before a single consonant: as,</p> </div> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "quantity_final" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "quantity_final" href = "#quantity_classical">Final Syllables.</a></p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "quantity_final_vowel" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "quantity_final_vowel" href = "#quantity_final">(1.) Ending in a Vowel.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2437" id = "sec2437" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2437" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2437.</a></b> In words of more than one syllable, final <b>a</b> and <b>e</b> are short; final <b>o</b>, <b>u</b>, and <b>i</b>, are long: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2437a" id = "sec2437a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2437a">a.</a></i>) N. <b>aquila</b>; Pl. N. and Ac. <b>oppida</b>, <b>cētera</b>, <b><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘omnīa’">omnia</ins></b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2437b" id = "sec2437b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2437b">b.</a></i>) N. <b>ille</b>; N. and Ac. <b>rēte</b>; <b>impūne</b> (<a href = "#sec701">701</a>); V. <b>bone</b>; Ab. <b>tempore</b>; Inf. <b>prōmere</b>; Imperat. <b>rege</b> (<a href = "#sec826">826</a>); Pres. Ind. and Imperat. <b>querere</b>; Perf. <b>rēxēre</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2437c" id = "sec2437c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2437c">c.</a></i>) N. <b>sermō</b>; D. and Ab. <b>verbō</b>; <b>vērō</b> (<a href = "#sec704">704</a>). <b>iō</b>. <b>regō</b>, <b>erō</b>, <b>amābō</b>, <b>rēxerō</b> (<a href = "#sec826">826</a>); <b>estō</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2437d" id = "sec2437d">d.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2437d">d.</a></i>) N. and Ac. <b>cornū</b> (<a href = "#sec587">587</a>); D. and Ab. <b>metū</b> (590, 425, <a href = "#sec593">593</a>); <b>diū</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2437e" id = "sec2437e">e.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2437e">e.</a></i>) G. <b>frūmentī</b>; V. <b>Vergilī</b> (<a href = "#sec459">459</a>); G. <b>domī</b> (<a href = "#sec594">594</a>); D. <b>nūllī</b>, <b>orbī</b>; Ab. <b>sitī</b> (<a href = "#sec554">554</a>). Imperat. <b>vestī</b> (<a @@ -49287,27 +49277,27 @@ href = "#sec845">845</a>). Inf. <b>querī</b>, <b>locārī</b>; Ind. Perf. <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>a</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2438" id = "sec2438" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2438" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2438.</a></b> (a.) Final <b>a</b> is long in the ablative, in indeclinable words, and in the imperative: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2438a" id = "sec2438a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2438a">a.</a></i>) Ab. <b>mēnsā</b> (<a href = "#sec426">426</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2438b" id = "sec2438b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2438b">b.</a></i>) <b>quadrāgintā</b>; many indeclinable words are ablatives: as, <b>contrā</b>, <b>iūxtā</b>, (<a href = "#sec707">707</a>). The indeclinable <b>heia</b>, <b>ita</b>, and <b>quia</b> (<a href = "#sec701">701</a>), have short <b>a</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2438c" id = "sec2438c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2438c">c.</a></i>) Imperat. <b>locā</b> (<a href = "#sec845">845</a>). But <b>puta</b>, <i>for instance</i>, has short <ins class = "correction" title = "text has superfluous ."><b>a</b></ins> (<a href = "#sec130">130, 4</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2439" id = "sec2439" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2439" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2439.</a></b> (b.) Final <b>a</b> is long in some Greek nominatives and vocatives: as, N. <b>Ēlectrā</b>; V. <b>Aenēā</b>, <b>Pallā</b>.</p> @@ -49315,29 +49305,29 @@ N. <b>Ēlectrā</b>; V. <b>Aenēā</b>, <b>Pallā</b>.</p> <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>e</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2440" id = "sec2440" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2440" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2440.</a></b> (a.) Final <b>e</b> is long in cases of nouns with stems in <b>-ē-</b> (<a href = "#sec596">596</a>), in adverbs from stems in <b class = "locked">-o-</b>, and in the imperative singular active of verbs in <b class = "locked">-ēre</b>: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2440a" id = "sec2440a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2440a">a.</a></i>) <b>diē</b> (G., D., or Ab.), <b>hodiē</b>, <b>prīdiē</b>; see also <a href = "#sec603">603</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2440b" id = "sec2440b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2440b">b.</a></i>) <b>altē</b> (<a href = "#sec705">705</a>); also <b>ferē</b>, <b>fermē</b> and <b>ohē</b> or <b>ōhē</b>; but <b>e</b> is always short in <b>bene</b> and <b>male</b>; <b>īnferne</b> and <b>superne</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2440c" id = "sec2440c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2440c">c.</a></i>) <b>docē</b> (<a href = "#sec845">845</a>); for <b>cave</b>, see <a href = "#sec130_4">130, 4</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page447" id = "page447"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page447"> 447</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2441" id = "sec2441" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2441" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2441.</a></b> (b.) Final <b>e</b> is long in the endings of some Greek nouns: as, N. <b>crambē</b>, <b>Circē</b>; V. <b>Alcīdē</b>; Ne. Pl. N. and Ac. @@ -49346,7 +49336,7 @@ in <b>bene</b> and <b>male</b>; <b>īnferne</b> and <b>superne</b>.</p> <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>o</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2442" id = "sec2442" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2442" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2442.</a></b> (a.) Final <b>o</b> is short in the nominatives <b>ego</b>, <b>duo</b>. It is sometimes shortened in <b>homo</b> (<a href = @@ -49358,7 +49348,7 @@ and <b>modo</b>, used as adverbs, and in many other words in late poetry: as, <b>īlico</b>, <b>immo</b>, <b>ergo</b>, <b>quando</b>, <b>octo</b>, &c.; very rarely in the ablative of the gerund.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2443" id = "sec2443" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2443" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2443.</a></b> (b.) Before Ovid, <b>o</b> of the present indicative is regularly long. It is shortened only in the following words (<a href = @@ -49384,14 +49374,14 @@ but <b>o</b> is always short in the imperative <b>cedo</b>, <i>give</i>, <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>u</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2444" id = "sec2444" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2444" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2444.</a></b> Final <b>u</b> is short in <b>indu</b> and <b>noenu</b>.</p> <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>i</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2445" id = "sec2445" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2445" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2445.</a></b> (a.) Final <b>i</b> is short in <b>nisi</b>, <b>quasi</b>, and <ins class = "correction" @@ -49400,18 +49390,18 @@ Greek nouns: as N. and Ac. <b>sināpi</b>; V. <b>Pari</b>, <b>Amarylli</b>; D. <b>Paridi</b>, <b>Minōidi</b>; Pl. D. <b>Trōasi</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2446" id = "sec2446" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2446" href = "#quantity_final_vowel">2446.</a></b> (b.) Final <b>i</b> is common in <b>mihī̆</b>, <b>tibī̆</b>, <b>sibī̆</b>; <b>ibī̆</b>, <b>ubī̆</b> (<a href = "#sec129">129, 2</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "quantity_final_cons" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "quantity_final_cons" href = "#quantity_final">(2.) Ending in a Single Consonant not <b>s</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2447" id = "sec2447" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2447" href = "#quantity_final_cons">2447.</a></b> A final syllable ending in a single consonant not <b>s</b> has its vowel short: as,</p> @@ -49428,7 +49418,7 @@ short: as,</p> <p class = "header size7">Exceptions.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2448" id = "sec2448" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2448" href = "#quantity_final_cons">2448.</a></b> (a.) The last vowel is long in <b>allēc</b>, and in compounds of <b>pār</b>; in the contracted genitive plural of stems in <b class = @@ -49438,42 +49428,42 @@ short: as,</p> the endings of some Greek nouns: as, N. <b>āēr</b>, <b>aethēr</b>, <b>sīrēn</b>; Ac. <b>Aenēān</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2449" id = "sec2449" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2449" href = "#quantity_final_cons">2449.</a></b> (b.) In the short form of the genitive plural of stems in <b>-o-</b> and <b class = "locked">-ā-</b>, the vowel was originally long, but afterwards short: as, <b>dīvŏ̄m</b> (<a href = "#sec462">462</a>), <b>caelicolū̆m</b> (<a href = "#sec439">439</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2450" id = "sec2450" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2450" href = "#quantity_final_cons">2450.</a></b> (c.) The last vowel is long in <b>iīt</b> and <b>petiīt</b> and their compounds.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page448" id = "page448"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page448"> 448</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "quantity_final_s" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "quantity_final_s" href = "#quantity_final">(3.) Ending in <b>s</b>.</a></p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2451" id = "sec2451" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2451" href = "#quantity_final_s">2451.</a></b> Final syllables in <b>is</b> and <b>us</b> have the vowel short; those in <b>as</b>, <b>es</b>, and <b>os</b>, have the vowel long: as,</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2451a" id = "sec2451a">a.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2451a">a.</a></i>) N. <b>lapis</b>, <b>fīnis</b>; G. <b>lapidis</b>, <b>fīnis</b>; <b>magis</b>. Indic. Pres. <b>regis</b> (<a href = "#sec826">826</a>); Fut. <b>eris</b> (<a href = "#sec851">851</a>, <a href = "#sec826">826</a>), <b>eritis</b>, <b>locābis</b> (<a href = "#sec853">853</a>, <a href = "#sec826">826</a>), <b>locābitis</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2451b" id = "sec2451b">b.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2451b">b.</a></i>) N. <b>dominus</b>; <b>currus</b>; N. and Ac. <b>tempus</b>; <b>prius</b>; <b>rēgibus</b>; <b>īmus</b>; <b>regimus</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2451c" id = "sec2451c">c.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2451c">c.</a></i>) <b>aetās</b>; Pl. Ac. <b>mēnsās</b> (<a href = "#sec424">424</a>). Indic. Pres. <b>locās</b> (<a href = "#sec840">840</a>); Imp. <b>erās</b> (<a href = "#sec848">848</a>); <b>regēbās</b> (<a href = @@ -49481,7 +49471,7 @@ Indic. Pres. <b>locās</b> (<a href = "#sec840">840</a>); Imp. Subj. Pres. <b>regās</b>, <b>vestiās</b>, <b>doceās</b> (<a href = "#sec842">842</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2451d" id = "sec2451d">d.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2451d">d.</a></i>) N. <b>hērēs</b>; <b>sēdēs</b>; <b>nūbēs</b>; <b>Cerēs</b>; <b>fidēs</b>; Pl. N. and Ac. <b>rēgēs</b> (<a href = "#sec424">424</a>); Indic. Pres. <b>docēs</b> (<a href = "#sec840">840</a>); Fut. <b>regēs</b> (<a href = @@ -49491,14 +49481,14 @@ Pl. N. and Ac. <b>rēgēs</b> (<a href = "#sec424">424</a>); Indic. Pres. "#sec849">849</a>); Plup. <b>rēxissēs</b> (<a href = "#sec881">881</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth">(<i><a name = "sec2451e" id = "sec2451e">e.</a></i>) +<p class = "fourth">(<i><a id = "sec2451e">e.</a></i>) N. <b>custōs</b>; <b>arbōs</b>; Pl. Ac. <b>ventōs</b> (<a href = "#sec424">424</a>).</p> <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>is</b>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2452" id = "sec2452" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2452" href = "#quantity_final_s">2452.</a></b> (a.) Final <b>is</b> has <b>ī</b> in all plural cases: as,</p> @@ -49508,7 +49498,7 @@ N. <b>custōs</b>; <b>arbōs</b>; Pl. Ac. <b>ventōs</b> (<a href = <b>Samnīs</b>, usually in <b>sanguī̆s</b> (<a href = "#sec486">486</a>), and twice in <b>pulvī̆s</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2453" id = "sec2453" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2453" href = "#quantity_final_s">2453.</a></b> (b.) Final <b>is</b> has <b>ī</b> in the second person singular of verbs in <b class = "locked">-īre</b>, in <b>māvīs</b>, in compounds of @@ -49521,7 +49511,7 @@ see <a href = "#sec877">877</a>, <a href = "#sec878">878</a>, <a href = <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>us</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2454" id = "sec2454" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2454" href = "#quantity_final_s">2454.</a></b> <b>u</b> is long in the nominative singular of consonant stems with <b>ū</b> before the final stem consonant: as, <b>tellūs</b>, stem @@ -49534,7 +49524,7 @@ plural of nouns with stems in <b class = "locked">-u-</b>: as, <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>as</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2455" id = "sec2455" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2455" href = "#quantity_final_s">2455.</a></b> Final <b>as</b> has short <b>a</b> in <b>anas</b> and in the ending of some Greek nouns: as, N. <b>Īlias</b>; Pl. Ac. <b>cratēras</b>.</p> @@ -49542,7 +49532,7 @@ some Greek nouns: as, N. <b>Īlias</b>; Pl. Ac. <b>cratēras</b>.</p> <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>es</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2456" id = "sec2456" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2456" href = "#quantity_final_s">2456.</a></b> Final <b>es</b> has short <b>e</b> in the nominative singular of stems in <b class = "locked">-d-</b> and <b class = "locked">-t-</b> which @@ -49557,7 +49547,7 @@ and <b>pariēs</b>), also, in <b>penes</b>, in compounds of <b>es</b>, <p class = "header size7">Exceptions in <b>os</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2457" id = "sec2457" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2457" href = "#quantity_final_s">2457.</a></b> Final <b>os</b> has short <b>o</b> in the nominative of stems in <b class = "locked">-o-</b>: as, <b>servos</b>, <b>suos</b>, <b>Dēlos</b>; @@ -49566,12 +49556,12 @@ of some Greek nouns: as, N. and Ac. <b>epos</b>; G. <b>chlamydos</b>, <b>Erīnyos</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page449" id = "page449"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page449"> 449</a></span> -<h6><a name = "quantity_position" id = "quantity_position" href = +<h6><a id = "quantity_position" href = "#pros_quantity">Position.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2458" id = "sec2458" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2458" href = "#quantity_position">2458.</a></b> For the general rule of position, see <a href = "#sec177">177</a>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>; but, except in the thesis of a foot, @@ -49584,17 +49574,17 @@ smaragdī</b>.</p> before a word beginning with two consonants.</p> -<h6><a name = "quantity_hidden" id = "quantity_hidden" href = +<h6><a id = "quantity_hidden" href = "#pros_quantity">Hidden Quantity.</a></h6> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2459" id = "sec2459" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2459" href = "#quantity_hidden">2459.</a></b> A vowel which stands before two consonants, or a double consonant, belonging to the same word, so that its natural quantity cannot be determined from the scansion of the word, is said to possess <i>Hidden Quantity</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2460" id = "sec2460" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2460" href = "#quantity_hidden">2460.</a></b> The natural quantity of such a vowel may sometimes be ascertained: (<i>a.</i>) from the statements of ancient writers; @@ -49607,18 +49597,18 @@ Indo-European languages; (<i>e.</i>) from comparison with derived words in the Romance languages. But all these kinds of evidence must be used with great caution.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2461" id = "sec2461" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2461" href = "#quantity_hidden">2461.</a></b> For the length of a vowel before <b>ns</b>, <b>nf</b>, and certain other groups of consonants, see <a href = "#sec122">122</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2462" id = "sec2462" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2462" href = "#quantity_hidden">2462.</a></b> In inceptive verbs (<a href = "#sec834">834</a>) the ending <b>-scō</b> is thought to be always preceded by a long vowel: as, <b>crēscō</b>, <b>nāscor</b>, <b>proficīscor</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2463" id = "sec2463" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2463" href = "#quantity_hidden">2463.</a></b> In the perfect indicative active, perfect participle passive and kindred formations of verbs in <b class = "locked">-gō</b> preceded by a short @@ -49627,16 +49617,16 @@ vowel: as, <b>lēxī</b>, <b>rēxī</b>, <b>tēxī</b>; <b>āctus</b>, <b>lēctus</b>; <b>rēctor</b>; <b>āctitō</b>.</p> -<h6><a name = "quantity_old" id = "quantity_old" href = +<h6><a id = "quantity_old" href = "#pros_quantity">(B.) Some Peculiarities of Quantity in Old Latin.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2464" id = "sec2464" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2464" href = "#quantity_old">2464.</a></b> For the preservation of a long vowel in certain specific endings in old Latin, see <a href = "#sec132">132</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2465" id = "sec2465" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2465" href = "#quantity_old">2465.</a></b> Final <b>-āl</b> is sometimes preserved long in the nominative singular: as, <b>bacchānāl</b> (Plaut.); also the syllable <b class = @@ -49645,28 +49635,28 @@ as, <b>bacchānāl</b> (Plaut.); also the syllable <b class = "locked">-itis</b> (<a href = "#sec477">477</a>): as <b>mīlēs</b> (Plaut.) 171, 1.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2466" id = "sec2466" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2466" href = "#quantity_old">2466.</a></b> <b>Hic</b>, <b>illic</b> and <b>istic</b>, when adverbs, have a long final syllable; but when nominative singular masculine, have the final syllable regularly short.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2467" id = "sec2467" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2467" href = "#quantity_old">2467.</a></b> In Plautus <b>frūstrā</b> always where determinable (seven times) has the final syllable short. <b>contrā</b> sometimes has a short final syllable in old Latin.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page450" id = "page450"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page450"> 450</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2468" id = "sec2468" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2468" href = "#quantity_old">2468.</a></b> In Latin poetry down to the time of Cicero, final <b>s</b> often does not “make position” before a following consonant (<a href = "#sec66">66</a>); as, <b>tempŭs fert</b> (Plaut.); <b>magĭs stetisse</b> (Ter.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2469" id = "sec2469" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2469" href = "#quantity_old">2469.</a></b> The first syllable of <b>ille</b>, <b>illic</b> (the pronoun), <b>quippe</b>, <b>immō</b>, <b>inde</b>, <b>unde</b>, <b>nempe</b>, @@ -49683,20 +49673,20 @@ perhaps <b>iste</b>, before an initial consonant final <b>e</b> disappears, and the word becomes a monosyllable.</p> -<h6><a name = "quantity_iamb" id = "quantity_iamb" href = +<h6><a id = "quantity_iamb" href = "#pros_quantity">Law of Iambic Shortening.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2470" id = "sec2470" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2470" href = "#quantity_iamb">2470.</a></b> A long syllable, preceded by a short monosyllable or by a short initial syllable, and immediately preceded or followed by the verse-ictus, may -be shortened: as, <b>ét hŭnc</b>, <b>dómŏ mē</b>, <b>ad ŭxṓrem</b>, +be shortened: as, <b>ét hŭnc</b>, <b>dómŏ mē</b>, <b>ad ŭxṓrem</b>, <b>volŭntā́te</b>.</p> <p class = "fifth">The short monosyllable may be a word which has become monosyllabic by elision: as, <b>ég(o) hănc</b>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2471" id = "sec2471" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2471" href = "#quantity_iamb">2471.</a></b> If the syllable to be shortened is the first of a word of more than one syllable, or the second of a polysyllable, it must be one which is long @@ -49704,7 +49694,7 @@ by position, not by nature. There are some possible exceptions to this rule, such as <b>verĕbā́minī</b> (T. <i>Ph.</i> 902); but these are few and doubtful.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2472" id = "sec2472" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2472" href = "#quantity_iamb">2472.</a></b> Iambic shortening took place not only in verse, but also to a considerable extent in common speech, particularly in iambic words (see @@ -49712,72 +49702,72 @@ considerable extent in common speech, particularly in iambic words (see verse-ictus to produce the shortening.</p> -<h5 class = "topline"><a name = "pros_figures" id = "pros_figures" href +<h5 class = "topline"><a id = "pros_figures" href = "#app_prosody">II. FIGURES OF PROSODY.</a></h5> -<h6><a name = "figures_hiatus" id = "figures_hiatus" href = +<h6><a id = "figures_hiatus" href = "#pros_figures">Hiatus.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2473" id = "sec2473" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2473" href = "#figures_hiatus">2473.</a></b> For hiatus within a word, and the means by which it is avoided, see <a href = "#sec114">114-120</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2474" id = "sec2474" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2474" href = "#figures_hiatus">2474.</a></b> Hiatus between two words is much more common in old Latin than in writers of the classical period. The precise extent to which it is allowed by the early dramatists is matter of dispute. The following cases may be mentioned in which the Latin poets admit hiatus:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2475" id = "sec2475" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2475" href = "#figures_hiatus">2475.</a></b> (1.) After interjections: as, <b>hahahae homo</b>, T. <i>Ph.</i> 411; <b>ō et praesidium</b>, H. 1, 1, 2.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2476" id = "sec2476" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2476" href = "#figures_hiatus">2476.</a></b> (2.) After proper names, and words of Greek origin: as, <b>ancillam ferre Venerī aut Cupīdinī</b>, Pl. <i>As.</i> 804; <b>Thrēiciō Aquilōne</b>, H. <i>Epod.</i> 13, 3.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page451" id = "page451"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page451"> 451</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2477" id = "sec2477" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2477" href = "#figures_hiatus">2477.</a></b> (3.) In the principal caesura of a verse. So especially in Plautus and Terence after the fourth foot of the iambic septenarius, and in Plautus in the principal break in the iambic octonarius, trochaic septenarius and trochaic octonarius.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2478" id = "sec2478" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2478" href = "#figures_hiatus">2478.</a></b> (4.) Often in the dramatists where there is a change of speakers: as, <b>quī potuit vidēre? :: oculīs :: quō pactō? :: hiantibus</b>, Pl. <i>Merc.</i> 182.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2479" id = "sec2479" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2479" href = "#figures_hiatus">2479.</a></b> (5.) Probably sometimes in cases of repetition, enumeration, or sharp antithesis, and where there is an important pause in the sense: as, <b>eam volt meretrīcem facere: ea mē dēperit</b>, Pl. <i>Cur.</i> 46; <b>sī pereō, hominum manibus periisse iuvābit</b>, V. 3, 606.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2480" id = "sec2480" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2480" href = "#figures_hiatus">2480.</a></b> Vergil sometimes admits hiatus when the final syllable ending in a vowel is preceded or followed (or both) by two short syllables: as, <b>lāmentīs gemitūque et fēmĭnĕō ŭlŭlātū</b>, V. 4, 667.</p> -<h6><a name = "figures_elision" id = "figures_elision" href = +<h6><a id = "figures_elision" href = "#pros_figures">Elision.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2481" id = "sec2481" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2481" href = "#figures_elision">2481.</a></b> For elision within a word, see <a href = "#sec119">119</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2482" id = "sec2482" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2482" href = "#figures_elision">2482.</a></b> In verse a final vowel is generally elided before a vowel or <b>h</b>: as,</p> @@ -49786,55 +49776,55 @@ as,</p> Achīvōs</b>, V. 2, 102. Such a vowel was probably faintly sounded, not dropped altogether.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2483" id = "sec2483" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2483" href = "#figures_elision">2483.</a></b> Elision is frequent in most of the early poets; but writers of the Augustan and succeeding ages regarded it with increasing disfavour. The elision of a long vowel before a short was in general avoided; but there are numerous exceptions.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2484" id = "sec2484" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2484" href = "#figures_elision">2484.</a></b> Monosyllabic interjections do not suffer elision.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2485" id = "sec2485" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2485" href = "#figures_elision">2485.</a></b> Monosyllables ending in a diphthong seldom suffer elision before a short vowel.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2486" id = "sec2486" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2486" href = "#figures_elision">2486.</a></b> Diphthongs arising from Synizesis (<a href = "#sec2499">2499</a>) are sometimes elided in early Latin verse, but not in verse of the classical period.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2487" id = "sec2487" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2487" href = "#figures_elision">2487.</a></b> The monosyllables <b>quī</b> (plural), <b>dō</b>, <b>stō</b>, <b>rē</b>, <b>spē</b>, are thought never to suffer elision before a short vowel.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2488" id = "sec2488" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2488" href = "#figures_elision">2488.</a></b> The dactylic poets very rarely elide the final syllable of an iambic (⏑ –) or Cretic (– ⏑ –) word before a short vowel.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2489" id = "sec2489" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2489" href = "#figures_elision">2489.</a></b> Elision seldom occurs if the syllable to be elided is immediately preceded by a vowel: as in <b>de(am) et</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2490" id = "sec2490" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2490" href = "#figures_elision">2490.</a></b> The final syllable of a Greek word is rarely elided.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2491" id = "sec2491" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2491" href = "#figures_elision">2491.</a></b> Elision is more common toward the beginning of a verse than toward the end.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2492" id = "sec2492" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2492" href = "#figures_elision">2492.</a></b> Elision rarely occurs in the first syllable or last syllable of a verse; but see under Synapheia (<a href = "#sec2510">2510</a>), and for the @@ -49842,10 +49832,10 @@ elision of the enclitic <b class = "locked">-que</b> or <b class = "locked">-ve</b> at the end of a dactylic hexameter, see <a href = "#sec2568">2568</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page452" id = "page452"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page452"> 452</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2493" id = "sec2493" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2493" href = "#figures_elision">2493.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Ecthlipsis</span> (Gr. <span class = "greek" title = "ekthlipsis">ἔκθλιψις</span>, <i>a squeezing out</i>). @@ -49860,22 +49850,22 @@ vowel or <b>h</b>: as,</p> <p class = "fourth">In such cases the ending was probably not cut off altogether, but was given a faint nasal sound.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2494" id = "sec2494" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2494" href = "#figures_elision">2494.</a></b> Sometimes a monosyllable ending in a short vowel and <b>m</b> is not -elided before a vowel: as <b>quắm ego</b> (Ter.); <b>súnt cŭm odōre</b> +elided before a vowel: as <b>quắm ego</b> (Ter.); <b>súnt cŭm odōre</b> (Lucr.).</p> <p class = "fifth">Such unelided monosyllables are most frequent in the early dramatists, and in them usually fall under the verse-ictus. See <a href = "#sec61">61</a>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2495" id = "sec2495" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2495" href = "#figures_elision">2495.</a></b> The monosyllables <b>dem</b>, <b>stem</b>, <b>rem</b>, <b>spem</b>, <b>sim</b>, are thought never to be elided before a short vowel.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2496" id = "sec2496" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2496" href = "#figures_elision">2496.</a></b> After a word ending with a vowel, <b>-m</b>, or <b>-us</b>, the verb <b>est</b> often loses its <b>e</b>: as, <b>bonast</b>, <b>bonumst</b>, @@ -49884,7 +49874,7 @@ vowel: as <b>homo’s</b>, <b><ins class = "correction" title = "text unchanged: error for ‘adeptu’s’?">adeptus’</ins></b>. This usage reflects the actual pronunciation of common speech.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2497" id = "sec2497" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2497" href = "#figures_elision">2497.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Semi-hiatus or Semi-elision.</span> A long final vowel is sometimes shortened before a vowel. This may occur either @@ -49897,18 +49887,18 @@ early dramatists, who often shorten under the verse-ictus a monosyllable ending in a long vowel and followed by an initial vowel (as in the third example above).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2498" id = "sec2498" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2498" href = "#figures_elision">2498.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Synaloepha</span> (Greek <span class = "greek" -title = "sunaloiphê">συναλοιφή</span>, <i>a smearing together</i>) +title = "sunaloiphê">συναλοιφή</span>, <i>a smearing together</i>) is a general term used to denote the means of avoiding hiatus. It includes elision and synizesis, though some grammarians use it in the same sense as synizesis.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2499" id = "sec2499" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2499" href = "#figures_elision">2499.</a></b> <b>Synizesis</b> (Greek <span class = "greek" title = -"sunizesis">συνίζεσις</span>, <i>a settling together</i>). Two +"sunizesis">συνίζεσις</span>, <i>a settling together</i>). Two vowels (or a vowel and a diphthong) which belong to different syllables sometimes coalesce so as to form one syllable. This is called <i>Synizesis</i>, and is especially common in the early dramatists. @@ -49919,34 +49909,34 @@ See <a href = "#sec117">117</a>.</p> cases in which a short vowel is subordinated to a following long; as <b>tu͡o</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2500" id = "sec2500" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2500" href = "#figures_elision">2500.</a></b> The term <i>Synaeresis</i> (Greek <span class = "greek" title = -"sunairesis">συναίρεσις</span>, <i>a taking together</i>) is +"sunairesis">συναίρεσις</span>, <i>a taking together</i>) is sometimes used as a synonym for Synizesis. The ancient grammarians, however, used it in the sense of Contraction (<a href = "#sec118">118</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2501" id = "sec2501" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2501" href = "#figures_elision">2501.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Dialysis</span> (Greek <span class = "greek" title = -"dialusis">διάλυσις</span>, <i>a breaking up</i>). Conversely, +"dialusis">διάλυσις</span>, <i>a breaking up</i>). Conversely, two vowels which usually form a diphthong are sometimes separated so as to form two syllables: as <b>coëpī</b> (Lucr.) for <b>coepī</b>.</p> <p class = "fifth">This, however, is really the survival of the original forms (<a href = "#sec120">120</a>).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page453" id = "page453"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page453"> 453</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2502" id = "sec2502" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2502" href = "#figures_elision">2502.</a></b> The name <span class = "smallcaps">Diaeresis</span> (Greek <span class = -"greek" title = "diairesis">διαίρεσις</span>, <i>a separating</i>) +"greek" title = "diairesis">διαίρεσις</span>, <i>a separating</i>) is sometimes used as a synonym for Dialysis; but it is better to restrict it to the meaning defined in 2542.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2503" id = "sec2503" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2503" href = "#figures_elision">2503.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Hardening.</span> A vocalic <b>i</b> or <b>u</b> is sometimes made consonantal before another vowel: as, @@ -49958,7 +49948,7 @@ restrict it to the meaning defined in 2542.</p> href = "#sec2499">2499</a>), while some grammarians term it Synaeresis (<a href = "#sec2500">2500</a>).</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2504" id = "sec2504" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2504" href = "#figures_elision">2504.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Softening.</span> Conversely, a consonantal <b>i</b> or <b>u</b> sometimes becomes vocalized before a vowel, thus @@ -49969,10 +49959,10 @@ giving an additional syllable: as, <b>silüae</b> for <b>silvae</b> <p class = "fifth">This usage is sometimes included under the name Dialysis (<a href = "#sec2501">2501</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2505" id = "sec2505" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2505" href = "#figures_elision">2505.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Diastolé</span> (Greek <span class = "greek" -title = "diastolê">διαστολή</span>, <i>a drawing asunder</i>). A +title = "diastolê">διαστολή</span>, <i>a drawing asunder</i>). A syllable which in verse of the classical period is generally short is sometimes used as long for metrical convenience. The syllable so employed generally falls under the verse-ictus, and in most cases is @@ -49994,16 +49984,16 @@ sense. Examples are:</p> but the “lengthened” syllable is one that was originally long (see <a href = "#sec132">132</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2506" id = "sec2506" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2506" href = "#figures_elision">2506.</a></b> The enclitic <b>-que</b> is sometimes lengthened under the ictus when another <b class = "locked">-que</b> precedes or follows in the arsis: -as, <b>cālōnēs famulīque metallīquḗ caculaeque</b> (Accius).</p> +as, <b>cālōnēs famulīque metallīquḗ caculaeque</b> (Accius).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2507" id = "sec2507" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2507" href = "#figures_elision">2507.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Systolé</span> (Greek <span class = "greek" -title = "sustolê">συστολή</span>, <i>a drawing together</i>). +title = "sustolê">συστολή</span>, <i>a drawing together</i>). Conversely a syllable which in verse is regularly long is sometimes shortened for metrical convenience: as, <b>dedĕrunt</b> (Hor.), <b>nūllĭus</b> (Hor.), imperat. <b>commodă</b> (Cat.).</p> @@ -50012,10 +50002,10 @@ shortened for metrical convenience: as, <b>dedĕrunt</b> (Hor.), represents a pronunciation which was in actual use, especially among the common people.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2508" id = "sec2508" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2508" href = "#figures_elision">2508.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Syncopé</span> (Greek <span class = "greek" -title = "sunkopê">συγκοπή</span>, <i>a cutting short</i>). A short +title = "sunkopê">συγκοπή</span>, <i>a cutting short</i>). A short vowel is often dropped between two consonants: as, <b>surpite</b> for <b>surripite</b> (Hor.), <b>repostum</b> for <b>repositum</b> (Verg.).</p> @@ -50024,7 +50014,7 @@ vowel is often dropped between two consonants: as, <b>surpite</b> for pronunciation; see <a href = "#sec110">110</a>, <a href = "#sec111">111</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2509" id = "sec2509" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2509" href = "#figures_elision">2509.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Tmesis</span> (Greek <span class = "greek" title = "tmêsis">τμῆσις</span>, <i>a cutting</i>) is the separation @@ -50035,12 +50025,12 @@ of the parts of a word: as, <b>septem subiecta triōnī</b> = poets sometimes divided other words: as, <b>saxō cere comminuit brum</b> for <b>saxō cerebrum comminuit</b> (Ennius).</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page454" id = "page454"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page454"> 454</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2510" id = "sec2510" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2510" href = "#figures_elision">2510.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Synapheia</span> (Greek <span class = "greek" -title = "sunapheia">συνάφεια</span>, <i>a joining together</i>) is +title = "sunapheia">συνάφεια</span>, <i>a joining together</i>) is the linking together of two verses belonging to the same system. Here elision or word division may occur at the end of the first verse: as,</p> @@ -50058,15 +50048,15 @@ as,</p> </div> -<h5 class = "topline2"><a name = "pros_verse" id = "pros_verse" href = +<h5 class = "topline2"><a id = "pros_verse" href = "#app_prosody">III. VERSIFICATION.</a></h5> <p class = "header smallcaps">By Herman W. Hayley, Ph.D.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2511" id = "sec2511" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2511" href = "#pros_verse">2511.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Rhythm</span> (Gr. <span class = "greek" title -= "rhuthmos">ῥυθμός</span>, from <span class = "greek" title = += "rhuthmos">ῥυθμός</span>, from <span class = "greek" title = "rhein">ῥεῖν</span>, <i>to flow</i>) is the effect of regularity produced by the discrimination of a movement or sound into uniform intervals of time. It is often marked by a stress or <i>ictus</i> @@ -50077,13 +50067,13 @@ dancing, and even the regular beat of a trip-hammer, have rhythm. Particular kinds of movement are often called rhythms, as anapaestic rhythms, dactylic rhythms, &c.</p> -<p class = "first"><b><a name = "sec2512" id = "sec2512" href = +<p class = "first"><b><a id = "sec2512" href = "#pros_verse">2512.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Metre</span> (Gr. <span class = "greek" title -= "metron">μέτρον</span>, <i>a measure</i>) is the definite += "metron">μέτρον</span>, <i>a measure</i>) is the definite measurement of verse by feet, lines, strophes, systems, &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2513" id = "sec2513" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2513" href = "#pros_verse">2513.</a></b> Latin verse is quantitative, the rhythm depending upon the quantity of the syllables (but see <a href = "#sec2548">2548</a>). The ictus @@ -50092,10 +50082,10 @@ verse, on the other hand, is accentual, its rhythm depending upon the accent of words.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "pros_verse_quant" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "pros_verse_quant" href = "#pros_verse">Quantity.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2514" id = "sec2514" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2514" href = "#pros_verse_quant">2514.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Signs of Quantity.</span> A long syllable is indicated by –, a short one by ⏑. A syllable which varies in @@ -50106,9 +50096,9 @@ quantity, being sometimes long, sometimes short, is indicated by ⏓ or the long is more usual or more strictly in accordance with the rhythm than the short. The reverse is indicated by ⏒.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page455" id = "page455"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page455"> 455</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2515" id = "sec2515" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2515" href = "#pros_verse_quant">2515.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Unit of Measure</span> is the duration of a short syllable and is called a <i>Time</i>, <i>Tempus</i>, or @@ -50120,7 +50110,7 @@ assumed that its length was uniform, and equalled that of an eighth note quarter-note ♩ Hence in notation ⏑ = ♪ and – = ♩</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2516" id = "sec2516" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2516" href = "#pros_verse_quant">2516.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Protraction.</span> A long syllable may be prolonged (<i>Protraction</i>) so as to have a length of three @@ -50129,14 +50119,14 @@ prolonged (<i>Protraction</i>) so as to have a length of three <i>tetraseme</i> (marked ⏘). See <a href = "#sec2537">2537</a> and <a href = "#sec2541">2541</a>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2517" id = "sec2517" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2517" href = "#pros_verse_quant">2517.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Correption.</span> A long or short syllable may be shortened so as to occupy less than its normal time. This is called <i>Correption</i> (Lat. <i>correptiō</i>, <i>a shortening</i>). See <a href = "#sec2523">2523</a> and <a href = "#sec2524">2524</a>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2518" id = "sec2518" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2518" href = "#pros_verse_quant">2518.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Resolution and Contraction.</span> In some kinds of verse a long syllable may be, as it were, broken up @@ -50145,10 +50135,10 @@ short syllables may in some cases be united (<i>Contraction</i>) into the equivalent long.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_feet" id = "verse_feet" +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_feet" href = "#pros_verse">Feet.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2519" id = "sec2519" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2519" href = "#verse_feet">2519.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Feet.</span> Latin verse (like English) is measured by groups of syllables called <i>Feet</i>. Each of these groups @@ -50159,13 +50149,13 @@ has a definite length of so many <i>morae</i> (<a href = purely a time-division, as some authorities do; but the definition given above is sanctioned by established usage.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2520" id = "sec2520" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2520" href = "#verse_feet">2520.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Arsis</span> and <span class = "smallcaps">Thesis</span>. Every complete foot consists of two parts, an accented and an unaccented. The part on which the rhythmical accent or <i>ictus</i> falls is called the <i>Thesis</i> (Gr. <span class = -"greek" title = "thesis">θέσις</span>, <i>a setting down</i>). The +"greek" title = "thesis">θέσις</span>, <i>a setting down</i>). The unaccented part of the foot is termed the <i>Arsis</i> (Gr. <span class = "greek" title = "arsis">ἄρσις</span>, <i>a raising</i>).</p> @@ -50180,17 +50170,17 @@ many modern writers prefer to use <i>Arsis</i> to denote the accented, and <i>Thesis</i> the unaccented, part of the foot.</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_kinds" id = "verse_kinds" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_kinds" href = "#pros_verse">KINDS OF FEET.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2521" id = "sec2521" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2521" href = "#verse_kinds">2521.</a></b> The feet in common use are the following:—</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page456" id = "page456"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page456"> 456</a></span> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th class = "smallcaps" colspan = "4">Feet of Three Morae.</th> </tr> @@ -50208,7 +50198,7 @@ The feet in common use are the following:—</p> </tr> <tr> <td>Iambus</td> -<td>⏑ –</1> +<td>⏑ –</td> <td>♪♩</td> <td><b>legunt</b></td> </tr> @@ -50229,13 +50219,13 @@ The feet in common use are the following:—</p> </tr> <tr> <td>Anapaest</td> -<td>⏑ ⏑ –</1> +<td>⏑ ⏑ –</td> <td>♪♪♩</td> <td><b>regerent</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Spondee</td> -<td>– –</1> +<td>– –</td> <td>♩♩</td> <td><b>fēcī</b></td> </tr> @@ -50250,7 +50240,7 @@ The feet in common use are the following:—</p> </tr> <tr> <td>Cretic</td> -<td>– ⏑ –</1> +<td>– ⏑ –</td> <td>♩♪♩</td> <td><b>fēcerint</b></td> </tr> @@ -50262,13 +50252,13 @@ The feet in common use are the following:—</p> </tr> <tr> <td>Fourth Paeon</td> -<td>⏑ ⏑ ⏑ –</1> +<td>⏑ ⏑ ⏑ –</td> <td>♪♪♪♩</td> <td><b>celeritās</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bacchīus</td> -<td>⏑ – –</1> +<td>⏑ – –</td> <td>♪♩♩</td> <td><b>regēbant</b></td> </tr> @@ -50277,7 +50267,7 @@ The feet in common use are the following:—</p> </tr> <tr> <td>Choriambus</td> -<td>– ⏑ ⏑ –</1> +<td>– ⏑ ⏑ –</td> <td>♩♪♪♩</td> <td><b>horribilēs</b></td> </tr> @@ -50289,18 +50279,18 @@ The feet in common use are the following:—</p> </tr> <tr> <td>Ionic <i>ā minōre</i></td> -<td>⏑ ⏑ – –</1> +<td>⏑ ⏑ – –</td> <td>♪♪♩♩</td> <td><b>relegēbant</b></td> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2522" id = "sec2522" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2522" href = "#verse_kinds">2522.</a></b> Other feet mentioned by the ancient grammarians are:—</p> -<table class = "fullbox"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th>Name.</th> <th>Sign.</th> @@ -50320,11 +50310,11 @@ Palimbacchīus</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Molossus</td> -<td>– – –</1> +<td>– – –</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dispondee</td> -<td>– – – –</1> +<td>– – – –</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ditrochee</td> @@ -50332,7 +50322,7 @@ Palimbacchīus</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Diiambus</td> -<td>⏑ – ⏑ –</1> +<td>⏑ – ⏑ –</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Antispast</td> @@ -50348,15 +50338,15 @@ Palimbacchīus</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>First Epitrite</td> -<td>⏑ – – –</1> +<td>⏑ – – –</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second Epitrite</td> -<td>– ⏑ – –</1> +<td>– ⏑ – –</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Third Epitrite</td> -<td>– – ⏑ –</1> +<td>– – ⏑ –</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fourth Epitrite</td> @@ -50364,17 +50354,17 @@ Palimbacchīus</p></td> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page457" id = "page457"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page457"> 457</a></span> <p class = "fifth">But these are of little practical importance, as most of them never are employed in Latin poetry, and the few which do occur are used only as substitutes for other feet.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_cyclic" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_cyclic" href = "#pros_verse">Cyclic Feet.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2523" id = "sec2523" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2523" href = "#verse_cyclic">2523.</a></b> A dactyl occurring in 3/8 time did not have the value of 2 <i>morae</i> + 1 + 1, but was given instead that of 1½ + ¾ + ¾; in other words both @@ -50394,10 +50384,10 @@ mark the cyclic anapaest ⏑ ⏑–. The true nature of these cyclic feet is very uncertain.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_irr" id = "verse_irr" +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_irr" href = "#pros_verse">Irrational Syllables and Feet.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2524" id = "sec2524" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2524" href = "#verse_irr">2524.</a></b> A long syllable sometimes stands in place of a short. A syllable thus used is called <i>irrational</i> (marked >) because it destroys the @@ -50413,38 +50403,38 @@ correption (<a href = "#sec2517">2517</a>), so that its duration was between that of the ordinary long and that of a short syllable.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_rhythm" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_rhythm" href = "#pros_verse">Rhythms.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2525" id = "sec2525" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2525" href = "#verse_rhythm">2525.</a></b> The different rhythms or metres are named trochaic, iambic, &c., according to their fundamental feet.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2526" id = "sec2526" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2526" href = "#verse_rhythm">2526.</a></b> Much of the Latin poetry (though not by any means all) was written to be sung. The Greeks and Romans employed in their music not only common (or 2/4) time and triple (3/8, 3/4) time, but also 5/8 time, which last is very rarely used in modern music.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2527" id = "sec2527" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2527" href = "#verse_rhythm">2527.</a></b> The Greek and Roman metricians divided the rhythms into three classes, according to the ratio between arsis and thesis in their fundamental feet. These classes were:— (<i>a.</i>) the <i>Equal Class</i> -(<span class = "greek" title = "genos ison">γένος ἴσον</span>, <i>genus +(<span class = "greek" title = "genos ison">γένος ἴσον</span>, <i>genus pār</i>) in which thesis and arsis are equal in duration, as in dactylics, anapaestics, &c.; (<i>b.</i>) the <i>Double -Class</i> (<span class = "greek" title = "genos diplasion">γένος -διπλάσιον</span>, <i>genus duplex</i>) in which the thesis has twice the +Class</i> (<span class = "greek" title = "genos diplasion">γένος +διπλάσιον</span>, <i>genus duplex</i>) in which the thesis has twice the duration of the arsis, as in trochaics, iambics, &c.; (<i>c.</i>) the <i>Hemiolic Class</i> (<span class = "greek" title -= "genos hêmiolion">γένος ἡμιόλιον</span>, <i>genus sēscuplex</i>) in += "genos hêmiolion">γένος ἡμιόλιον</span>, <i>genus sēscuplex</i>) in which the thesis has one and a half times the duration of the arsis, as in bacchiacs, cretics, etc.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2528" id = "sec2528" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2528" href = "#verse_rhythm">2528.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Ascending and Descending Rhythms.</span> Rhythms in which the thesis follows the arsis (as in iambics) are @@ -50452,12 +50442,12 @@ called <i>ascending</i>; those in which it precedes the arsis (as in trochaics) are termed <i>descending</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page458" id = "page458"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page458"> 458</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_ana" id = "verse_ana" +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_ana" href = "#pros_verse">Anacrusis.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2529" id = "sec2529" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2529" href = "#verse_ana">2529.</a></b> The ancients recognized both ascending and descending rhythms (<a href = "#sec2528">2528</a>), and regarded the former class as at least equal in @@ -50466,7 +50456,7 @@ Bentley have preferred to treat all rhythms as descending, regarding the first arsis of an ascending rhythm as merely answering to a preliminary upward beat in music. Such an initial arsis was named by Gottfried Hermann <i>Anacrūsis</i> (Gr. <span class = "greek" title = -"anakrousis">ἀνάκρουσις</span>, <i>a striking up</i>).</p> +"anakrousis">ἀνάκρουσις</span>, <i>a striking up</i>).</p> <p class = "fourth">Scholars have been influenced to adopt the anacrustic theory in its widest extent largely by the fact that in most @@ -50478,7 +50468,7 @@ with an arsis were subject to different rules of construction from those which begin with a thesis. Hence it seems best to restrict anacrusis to logaoedic verse, in which it undoubtedly occurs.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2530" id = "sec2530" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2530" href = "#verse_ana">2530.</a></b> The anacrusis may be a long syllable, a short syllable, or two shorts (but not two longs). It is often irrational (<a href = @@ -50486,10 +50476,10 @@ The anacrusis may be a long syllable, a short syllable, or two shorts rest of the verse by a vertical row of dots: thus, ⁝</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_groups" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_groups" href = "#pros_verse">Groups of Feet.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2531" id = "sec2531" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2531" href = "#verse_groups">2531.</a></b> A group of two feet is called a <i>dipody</i>, one of three a <i>tripody</i>, one of four a <i>tetrapody</i>, one of five a @@ -50503,14 +50493,14 @@ called a <i>trithemimeris</i>, one of two and a half feet a <i>penthemimeris</i>, one of three and a half a <i>hephthemimeris</i>, &c.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2532" id = "sec2532" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2532" href = "#verse_groups">2532.</a></b> A <i>Rhythmical Series</i>, <i>Rhythmical Sentence</i>, or <i>Colon</i> is a group of two or more feet (but not more than six) which are united into a rhythmic whole by strengthening one of the ictuses, so that it becomes the principal or dominant ictus of the whole group.</p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2533" id = "sec2533" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2533" href = "#verse_groups">2533.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">The Verse.</span> A rhythmical series, or group of two (or even three) series, which forms a distinct and @@ -50528,12 +50518,12 @@ line. Hence, the words “verse” and “line” are often used as synonyms.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page459" id = "page459"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page459"> 459</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_anceps" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_anceps" href = "#pros_verse">Syllaba Anceps.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2534" id = "sec2534" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2534" href = "#verse_anceps">2534.</a></b> In the present work, the final syllable of each verse is marked long or short as the rhythm may require, without reference to its quantity in a @@ -50541,17 +50531,17 @@ given example; and in the general schemes it is to be understood that the final syllable is <i>syllaba anceps</i> (<a href = "#sec2533">2533</a>) unless the contrary is expressly stated.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2535" id = "sec2535" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2535" href = "#verse_anceps">2535.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Dicolic and Asynartetic Verses.</span> A verse which consists of two rhythmical series (or cola) is called <i>dicolic</i>. If the series of which the verse is made up are quasi-independent of each other, so that hiatus or syllaba anceps occurs in the caesura, the verse is styled <i>asynartetic</i> (Gr. <span -class = "greek" title = "asunartêtos">ἀσυνάρτητος</span>, <i>not joined +class = "greek" title = "asunartêtos">ἀσυνάρτητος</span>, <i>not joined together</i>).</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2536" id = "sec2536" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2536" href = "#verse_anceps">2536.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Names of Verses.</span> Verses are called <i>trochaic</i>, <i>iambic</i>, <i>dactylic</i>, &c., according to @@ -50571,14 +50561,14 @@ system (<a href = "#sec2547">2547</a>), or to mark a metrical or musical transition between longer verses, is called a <i>clausula</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_pause" id = "verse_pause" +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_pause" href = "#pros_verse">Catalexis, Pause, Syncope.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2537" id = "sec2537" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2537" href = "#verse_pause">2537.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Catalexis.</span> A verse, the last foot of which is incomplete, is said to suffer <i>Catalexis</i> (Gr. <span -class = "greek" title = "katalêxis">κατάληξις</span>, <i>a stopping +class = "greek" title = "katalêxis">κατάληξις</span>, <i>a stopping short</i>) or to be <i>catalectic</i>; one of which the last foot is complete is called <i>acatalectic</i>.</p> @@ -50588,13 +50578,13 @@ catalectic iambic verses it is the last arsis that is omitted, the preceding thesis being protracted (<a href = "#sec2516">2516</a>) to compensate for the loss, thus: ⏑ ⏗́ –́</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2538" id = "sec2538" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2538" href = "#verse_pause">2538.</a></b> A verse in which both the last arsis and the next to the last are suppressed, so that a whole foot appears to be wanting, is called <i>brachycatalectic</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2539" id = "sec2539" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2539" href = "#verse_pause">2539.</a></b> A verse is said to be catalectic <i>in syllabam</i>, <i>in disyllabum</i>, or <i>in trisyllabum</i>, according to the number of @@ -50604,7 +50594,7 @@ syllables remaining in the last foot. Thus, the dactylic tetrameter "locked">– ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑</span> is catalectic <i>in disyllabum</i>.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2540" id = "sec2540" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2540" href = "#verse_pause">2540.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Pauses.</span> Theoretically all the feet (or dipodies; see <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>) into which a verse is @@ -50617,9 +50607,9 @@ music.</p> <p class = "fourth">A pause of one <i>mora</i> is often indicated by the sign ⌃, and one of two <i>morae</i> by ⌅.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page460" id = "page460"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page460"> 460</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2541" id = "sec2541" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2541" href = "#verse_pause">2541.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Syncope</span> is the omission of one or more arses in the body of a verse. Compensation is made for the suppression @@ -50627,41 +50617,41 @@ of an arsis by protracting (<a href = "#sec2516">2516</a>) the preceding thesis.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_caesura" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_caesura" href = "#pros_verse">Caesura.</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2542" id = "sec2542" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2542" href = "#verse_caesura">2542.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Caesura and Diaeresis.</span> A <i>Caesūra</i> (literally <i>a cutting</i>, from <i>caedo</i>, <i>I cut</i>) is the break in a verse produced by the ending of a word within a foot. When the end of a word coincides with the end of a foot, the break is called a <i>Diaeresis</i> (Gr. <span class = "greek" title = -"diairesis">διαίρεσις</span>, <i>a separating</i>). A caesura is +"diairesis">διαίρεσις</span>, <i>a separating</i>). A caesura is marked ‖, a diaeresis #.</p> <p class = "fourth">The word <i>caesura</i> is often loosely used to include both caesura proper and diaeresis.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2543" id = "sec2543" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2543" href = "#verse_caesura">2543.</a></b> Strictly speaking, there is a caesura (or diaeresis, as the case may be) wherever a word ends within a verse; but the main incision in the verse is so much more important than the rest that it is often called the <i>principal caesura</i>, or simply <i>the caesura</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2544" id = "sec2544" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2544" href = "#verse_caesura">2544.</a></b> Caesuras are named according to their position in the verse; thus a caesura after the third half-foot (i.e. in the second foot) is called <i>trithemimeral</i> (from Gr. <span class = "greek" title = -"trithêmimerês">τριθημιμερής</span>, <i>containing three halves</i>), +"trithêmimerês">τριθημιμερής</span>, <i>containing three halves</i>), one after the fifth half-foot (i.e. in the third foot) <i>penthemimeral</i> (Gr. <span class = "greek" title = -"penthêmimerês">πενθημιμερής</span>, <i>consisting of five halves</i>), +"penthêmimerês">πενθημιμερής</span>, <i>consisting of five halves</i>), one after the seventh half-foot (i.e. in the fourth foot) <i>hephthemimeral</i> (Gr. <span class = "greek" title = -"hephthêmimerês">ἑφθημιμερής</span>), &c.</p> +"hephthêmimerês">ἑφθημιμερής</span>), &c.</p> <p class = "fifth">The Latin names <i>caesūra sēmiternāria</i> (= the trithemimeral caesura), <i>sēmiquīnāria</i> (= the penthemimeral), @@ -50670,10 +50660,10 @@ used. For the <i>masculine</i> and <i>feminine</i> caesuras, see <a href = "#sec2557">2557</a>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_strophe" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_strophe" href = "#pros_verse">Strophe. System.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2545" id = "sec2545" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2545" href = "#verse_strophe">2545.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">The Strophe.</span> A fixed number of verses recurring in a regular order is called a <i>Strophe</i>. A strophe @@ -50690,12 +50680,12 @@ after Glycon), the Asclepiadean (after Asclepiades), the Phalaecean (after Phalaecus), the Pherecratean (after Pherecrates), &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2546" id = "sec2546" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2546" href = "#verse_strophe">2546.</a></b> A <i>Stichic Series</i> is a series of verses of the same kind not combined into strophes.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2547" id = "sec2547" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2547" href = "#verse_strophe">2547.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">The System.</span> A group of rhythmical series (see <a href = "#sec2532">2532</a>) which is of greater extent @@ -50705,9 +50695,9 @@ in Greek poetry, are comparatively rare in Latin verse.</p> <p class = "fifth">Few verses have more than two rhythmical series; none more than three.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page461" id = "page461"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page461"> 461</a></span> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2548" id = "sec2548" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2548" href = "#verse_strophe">2548.</a></b> Although in all probability the Latin accent was mainly one of stress rather than of pitch, it seems to have been comparatively weak. Hence, @@ -50722,10 +50712,10 @@ until in the Middle Ages the quantitative Latin verse was quite supplanted by the accentual.</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_numeri" id = "verse_numeri" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_numeri" href = "#pros_verse">NUMERI ITALICI.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2549" id = "sec2549" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2549" href = "#verse_numeri">2549.</a></b> Some of the earliest remains of Latin literature are believed to show a rhythmical structure. These are chiefly prayers, imprecations, sacred @@ -50738,16 +50728,16 @@ made by dwelling longer upon the thesis. As an example is given the prayer in Cato, <i>Dē Rē Rūsticā</i>, 141:</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Mā́rs páter tḗ précor | quaésṓque útī síēs | vólēns +<p><b>Mā́rs páter tḗ précor | quaésṓque útī síēs | vólēns própítiús</b></p> -<p><b>míhī́ dómṓ | fámiliaéque nóstraé</b>, &c.</p> +<p><b>míhī́ dómṓ | fámiliaéque nóstraé</b>, &c.</p> </div> -<h6><a name = "verse_saturn" id = "verse_saturn" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_saturn" href = "#pros_verse">THE SATURNIAN.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2550" id = "sec2550" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2550" href = "#verse_saturn">2550.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">The Saturnian</span> is the best known and most important of the old Italian rhythms; but its nature long has been, @@ -50755,7 +50745,7 @@ and still is, matter of high dispute. There are two principal theories as to its character, the quantitative and the accentual, each of which is advocated by many distinguished scholars.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2551" id = "sec2551" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2551" href = "#verse_saturn">2551.</a></b> (1.) <span class = "smallcaps">The Quantitative Theory.</span> According to this theory, the Saturnian is a verse of six feet, with an anacrusis @@ -50771,15 +50761,15 @@ suppressed in the same half-verse, and rarely two in the same verse. Examples of the Saturnian, measured quantitatively, are:</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Dabúnt malúm Metéllī # Naéviṓ poḗtae.</b></p> -<p><b>Novém Iovís concórdēs # fī́liaé sorṓrēs.</b> +<p><b>Dabúnt malúm Metéllī # Naéviṓ poḗtae.</b></p> +<p><b>Novém Iovís concórdēs # fī́liaé sorṓrēs.</b> <span class = "author">(Naevius.)</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page462" id = "page462"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page462"> 462</a></span> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Virúm mihī́, Camḗna, # ī́nsecḗ versū́tum.</b> +<p><b>Virúm mihī́, Camḗna, # ī́nsecḗ versū́tum.</b> <span class = "author">(Livius Andronicus.)</span></p> </div> @@ -50791,14 +50781,14 @@ Examples of the Saturnian, measured quantitatively, are:</p> <p class = "fifth">Compare in English: “The queén was ín the párlour, éating bréad and hóney.”</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2552" id = "sec2552" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2552" href = "#verse_saturn">2552.</a></b> Most of the Roman grammarians who discussed the nature of the Saturnian seem to have regarded it as quantitative. In modern times the quantitative theory has been advocated by Ritschl, Buecheler, Havet, Christ, Lucian Mueller, W. Meyer, Reichardt and many others.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2553" id = "sec2553" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2553" href = "#verse_saturn">2553.</a></b> (2.) <span class = "smallcaps">The Accentual Theory.</span> According to this theory, the Saturnian is an accentual verse, constructed without @@ -50814,13 +50804,13 @@ admitted, but in the Saturnians of the second century <span class = the Saturnian, measured according to this theory, are:</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Dábunt málum Metéllī # Naéviṓ poḗtae.</b></p> -<p><b>Nóvem Ióvis concórdēs # fī́liaé sorṓrēs.</b> +<p><b>Dábunt málum Metéllī # Naéviṓ poḗtae.</b></p> +<p><b>Nóvem Ióvis concórdēs # fī́liaé sorṓrēs.</b> <span class = "author">(Naevius.)</span></p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Vírum míhi, Camḗna, # ī́nsecḗ versū́tum.</b> +<p><b>Vírum míhi, Camḗna, # ī́nsecḗ versū́tum.</b> <span class = "author">(Livius Andronicus.)</span></p> </div> @@ -50829,23 +50819,23 @@ the Saturnian, measured according to this theory, are:</p> <span class = "author">(Naevius.)</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2554" id = "sec2554" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2554" href = "#verse_saturn">2554.</a></b> The accentual theory was held by the scholiast on V. <i>G.</i> 2, 385, and in modern times has been upheld (in one form or another) by O. Keller, Thurneysen, Westphal, Gleditsch, Lindsay and others. The brief statement given above agrees essentially with that of O. Keller. Gleditsch holds that each half-verse has four accents, as: <b>Dábunt -málum Métellī́ ‖ Naéviṓ poḗtaé</b>; Lindsay that the first hemistich +málum Métellī́ ‖ Naéviṓ poḗtaé</b>; Lindsay that the first hemistich has three accents and the second two, as: <b>Dábunt málum Metéllī ‖ -Naéviō poḗtae</b>. The whole question is still far from its final +Naéviō poḗtae</b>. The whole question is still far from its final settlement.</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_dactyl" id = "verse_dactyl" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_dactyl" href = "#pros_verse">DACTYLIC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2555" id = "sec2555" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2555" href = "#verse_dactyl">2555.</a></b> These are descending rhythms belonging to the <i>Equal Class</i> (see <a href = "#sec2527">2527</a>). In them the fundamental foot is the dactyl @@ -50853,13 +50843,13 @@ These are descending rhythms belonging to the <i>Equal Class</i> (see (–́ –), is frequently substituted.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page463" id = "page463"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page463"> 463</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_dactyl_hex" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_dactyl_hex" href = "#verse_dactyl">The Dactylic Hexameter.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2556" id = "sec2556" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2556" href = "#verse_dactyl_hex">2556.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Dactylic Hexameter</span> is the verse regularly employed in epic, didactic, and bucolic poetry, and is used by @@ -50873,10 +50863,10 @@ either a dactyl or a spondee may be used. The scheme is therefore:</p> <div class = "verse"> <p> –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ <img src = "images/pic463.png" width = "20" height = "12" -alt = "[bracketed long over pair of breves]"> | –́ –</1> +alt = "[bracketed long over pair of breves]"> | –́ –</p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2557" id = "sec2557" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2557" href = "#verse_dactyl_hex">2557.</a></b> A caesura which comes immediately after the thesis of a foot is called <i>masculine</i>; one which falls in the middle of the arsis (i.e. after @@ -50885,7 +50875,7 @@ writers show a strong preference for masculine principal caesuras, and in general their treatment of the caesura is more strict than that of the Greek poets.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2558" id = "sec2558" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2558" href = "#verse_dactyl_hex">2558.</a></b> The principal caesura in the Latin hexameter is most frequently the penthemimeral (<a href = "#sec2544">2544</a>): as in:</p> @@ -50916,7 +50906,7 @@ line is the feminine caesura in the third foot (often called the <span class = "author">(V. 4, 486).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2559" id = "sec2559" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2559" href = "#verse_dactyl_hex">2559.</a></b> The diaeresis (see <a href = "#sec2542">2542</a>) after the fourth foot (often called “bucolic diaeresis” from its use by pastoral writers) @@ -50934,9 +50924,9 @@ is usually accompanied by a penthemimeral caesura. Lucian Mueller and others deny that the bucolic diaeresis ever forms the principal break in a line.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page464" id = "page464"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page464"> 464</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2560" id = "sec2560" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2560" href = "#verse_dactyl_hex">2560.</a></b> When a line has several caesuras, it is often hard to determine which is the principal one. In general, masculine caesuras out-rank feminine; the @@ -50961,7 +50951,7 @@ instance is</p> <span class = "author">(H. <i>AP.</i> 263).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2561" id = "sec2561" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2561" href = "#verse_dactyl_hex">2561.</a></b> The great flexibility of the hexameter makes it an admirable vehicle of poetic expression. Accumulated spondees give the verse a slow and @@ -50986,7 +50976,7 @@ hexameter, “the stateliest measure ever moulded by the lips of man,” should not be read with the jerky 3/8 movement which is characteristic of the English hexameter.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2562" id = "sec2562" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2562" href = "#verse_dactyl_hex">2562.</a></b> The following passage may serve to illustrate the movement of the hexameter, and to show how the use of the different caesuras imparts @@ -51011,11 +51001,11 @@ ma|lōrum—</b></p> <p>Leap up against the cliffs, like foemen madly rejoicing.</p> </div> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_dactyl_notes" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_dactyl_notes" href = "#verse_dactyl">Notes on the Hexameter.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2563" id = "sec2563" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2563" href = "#verse_dactyl_notes">2563.</a></b> (1.) In all probability, the hexameter was originally a composite verse, made up of two tripodies, or of a tetrapody and a dipody. Hence hiatus @@ -51023,15 +51013,15 @@ in the principal caesura is not very rare, even in the Augustan poets. The stress upon the first and fourth theses was probably stronger than that upon the other four.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page465" id = "page465"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page465"> 465</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2564" id = "sec2564" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2564" href = "#verse_dactyl_notes">2564.</a></b> (2.) In the second half of the hexameter, particularly in the fifth and sixth feet, verse-ictus and word-accent show a strong tendency to coincide.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2565" id = "sec2565" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2565" href = "#verse_dactyl_notes">2565.</a></b> (3.) A monosyllable rarely stands before the principal caesura or at the end of the verse. When the verse ends in a monosyllable, the thesis of @@ -51050,7 +51040,7 @@ the poet wishes to produce a particular effect, as in</p> <span class = "author">(H. <i>AP.</i> 139).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2566" id = "sec2566" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2566" href = "#verse_dactyl_notes">2566.</a></b> (4.) A hexameter generally ends in a word of two or three syllables, almost never in one of four, rarely in one of five. But <i>spondaic</i> @@ -51058,7 +51048,7 @@ verses (<a href = "#sec2556">2556</a>) generally end with a word of four syllables, more rarely with one of three, almost never with one of two.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2567" id = "sec2567" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2567" href = "#verse_dactyl_notes">2567.</a></b> (5.) Spondaic verses are comparatively rare in Ennius and Lucretius, but become more frequent in Catullus. They are not common in Vergil, Horace, @@ -51068,14 +51058,14 @@ six, Statius seven. Ennius has lines composed entirely of spondees, and so in one instance (<a href = "#sec116">116, 3</a>) Catullus. Ennius also resolves the thesis of a dactyl in a few cases.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2568" id = "sec2568" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2568" href = "#verse_dactyl_notes">2568.</a></b> (6.) A verse which is connected with the following one by elision (<a href = "#sec2492">2492</a>) is called hypermetrical. Such verses are rare, and usually end with the enclitics <b class = "locked">-que</b> or <b class = "locked">-ve</b>.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2569" id = "sec2569" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2569" href = "#verse_dactyl_notes">2569.</a></b> (7.) The dactylic hexameter was introduced into Latin literature by Ennius, and was further perfected by Lucilius, Lucretius, and Cicero, @@ -51089,11 +51079,11 @@ frequent use of spondees and by less rigorous treatment of the caesura.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_dactyl_pent" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_dactyl_pent" href = "#verse_dactyl">The Dactylic Pentameter.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2570" id = "sec2570" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2570" href = "#verse_dactyl_pent">2570.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Dactylic Pentameter</span> is a verse consisting of two catalectic dactylic tripodies, separated by a fixed @@ -51107,37 +51097,37 @@ of the arsis. The scheme is therefore</p> –́ ⌅</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2571" id = "sec2571" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2571" href = "#verse_dactyl_pent">2571.</a></b> (1.) The verse is not asynartetic (<a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>), neither <i>syllaba anceps</i> nor hiatus being allowed at the end of the first tripody.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2572" id = "sec2572" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2572" href = "#verse_dactyl_pent">2572.</a></b> (2.) This verse is known as the pentameter because the ancient grammarians measured it</p> <div class = "verse"> <p>– ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | ⏑ ⏑ – | ⏑ ⏑ -–</1> +–</p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page466" id = "page466"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page466"> 466</a></span> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2573" id = "sec2573" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2573" href = "#verse_dactyl_pent">2573.</a></b> The pentameter is rarely used except in combination with the hexameter, with which it forms the so-called <i>Elegīac Distich</i>:</p> <div class = "verse"> <p> –́ ⏔ | – ⏔ | – ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | -–́ –</1> +–́ –</p> <p> –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | ⏘́ # –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅</p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2574" id = "sec2574" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2574" href = "#verse_dactyl_pent">2574.</a></b> The Elegiac Distich is used chiefly in elegiac poetry (whence the name), in amatory verse and in epigrams. The end of the pentameter generally @@ -51164,7 +51154,7 @@ the following may serve:</p> "smallcaps">Tennyson</span>).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2575" id = "sec2575" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2575" href = "#verse_dactyl_pent">2575.</a></b> The Elegiac Distich was introduced into Roman poetry by Ennius, who used it in epigrams. Varro employed it in his <i>Saturae</i>, and Catullus @@ -51172,7 +51162,7 @@ seems to have been the first of the Latins who used it in Elegiac poetry. The elegiac and amatory poets of the Augustan age, especially Ovid, perfected it, and wielded it with unequalled grace and ease.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2576" id = "sec2576" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2576" href = "#verse_dactyl_pent">2576.</a></b> Ovid nearly always closes the pentameter with a disyllabic word; but earlier poets, especially Catullus, are less careful in this regard. @@ -51181,12 +51171,12 @@ sometimes occurs in the main diaeresis of the pentameter, though rarely.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_dactyl_acata" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_dactyl_acata" href = "#verse_dactyl"><span class = "smallcaps">The Dactylic Tetrameter Acatalectic</span> (or <i>Alcmanian</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2577" id = "sec2577" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2577" href = "#verse_dactyl_acata">2577.</a></b> This verse is chiefly used in composition with a trochaic tripody to form the Greater Archilochian verse (<a href = "#sec2677">2677</a>); but @@ -51209,13 +51199,13 @@ scheme is:</p> it was used by the Greek poet Alcman.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page467" id = "page467"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page467"> 467</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_dactyl_cata" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_dactyl_cata" href = "#verse_dactyl"><span class = "smallcaps">The Dactylic Tetrameter Catalectic</span> (or <i>Archilochian</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2578" id = "sec2578" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2578" href = "#verse_dactyl_cata">2578.</a></b> This verse consists of four dactylic feet, the last one being incomplete. The scheme is:</p> @@ -51229,7 +51219,7 @@ width = "20" height = "12" alt = "[bracketed long over pair of breves]"> <p class = "fourth continue">An example is:</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Cármine | pérpetu|ṓ cele|brā́r(e) et</b> +<p><b>Cármine | pérpetu|ṓ cele|brā́r(e) et</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 7, 6).</span></p> </div> @@ -51238,11 +51228,11 @@ last foot is always a trochee or spondee, never a dactyl. It is used only in the Alcmanian strophe (<a href = "#sec2724">2724</a>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_dactyl_tri" id = "verse_dactyl_tri" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_dactyl_tri" href = "#verse_dactyl"><span class = "smallcaps">The Dactylic Trimeter Catalectic</span> (or <i>Lesser Archilochian</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2579" id = "sec2579" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2579" href = "#verse_dactyl_tri">2579.</a></b> This verse has the scheme:</p> @@ -51262,17 +51252,17 @@ Archilochian Strophe (see <a href = "#sec2725">2725</a>). In form it is the same as the second half of the pentameter (<a href = "#sec2570">2570</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2580" id = "sec2580" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2580" href = "#verse_dactyl_tri">2580.</a></b> These verses (<a href = "#sec2578">2578</a>, <a href = "#sec2579">2579</a>) are often called <i>Archilochian</i> because they were first used by the Greek poet Archilochus.</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_iamb" id = "verse_iamb" href = "#pros_verse">IAMBIC +<h6><a id = "verse_iamb" href = "#pros_verse">IAMBIC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2581" id = "sec2581" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2581" href = "#verse_iamb">2581.</a></b> These are ascending rhythms (<a href = "#sec2528">2528</a>) in 3/8 time. The fundamental foot is the Iambus (⏑ –́), for which its @@ -51281,7 +51271,7 @@ spondee > –́, the irrational dactyl > ⏑́ ⏑, the cyclic anapaest ⏑ ⏑ –́, or the proceleusmatic ⏑ ⏑ ⏑́ ⏑ is sometimes substituted.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2582" id = "sec2582" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2582" href = "#verse_iamb">2582.</a></b> The Greek poets excluded all feet except the iambus and tribrach, and in comedy the anapaest, from the even places in iambic verse. The Latin @@ -51290,13 +51280,13 @@ word or a word-ending, they did not usually allow the foot to be a spondee or an anapaest, but required it to be an iambus.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page468" id = "page468"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page468"> 468</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_iamb_tri" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_iamb_tri" href = "#verse_iamb">The Iambic Trimeter Or Senarius.</a></p> -<p class = "second"><b><a name = "sec2583" id = "sec2583" href = +<p class = "second"><b><a id = "sec2583" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2583.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Iambic Trimeter</span> is the verse most frequently used by the Roman dramatists. It consists of six iambic feet, @@ -51320,7 +51310,7 @@ normal scheme will then be:</p> –̇ ⌃</p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2584" id = "sec2584" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2584" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2584.</a></b> The Latin poets differ widely in their treatment of the Senarius, some (especially Plautus, Terence, and the other early dramatists) handling @@ -51330,12 +51320,12 @@ distinguish two periods:</p> <p class = "header size7">(A.) Early Period.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2585" id = "sec2585" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2585" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2585.</a></b> Any one of the substitutions enumerated in 2581 is admitted in any foot except the last. The scheme is therefore:</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑͐ –́</td> <td>⏑͐ –̇</td> @@ -51388,20 +51378,20 @@ rhythm:</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><b>Ubi vén|t(um) ad ae|dīs ‖ ést | Dromō | pultát | forēs;</b></p> -<p><b>anŭs quaé|dam prō|dit; ‖ haéc | ub(i) ape|rit ṓs|tium,</b></p> -<p><b>contínu(ō) | hic sē | coniḗ|cit ‖ in|tr(ō), ego -cṓn|sequor;</b></p> +<p><b>anŭs quaé|dam prō|dit; ‖ haéc | ub(i) ape|rit ṓs|tium,</b></p> +<p><b>contínu(ō) | hic sē | coniḗ|cit ‖ in|tr(ō), ego +cṓn|sequor;</b></p> <p><b>anŭs fóri|bus ob|dit ‖ pés|sul(um), ad | lānám | redit.</b></p> <p><b>Hīc scī́|rī potu|it ‖ aút | nusqu(am) ali|bī, Clī́|nia,</b></p> -<p><b>quō stúdi|ō vī|tam ‖ su͡ám | t(ē) absen|t(e) exḗ|gerit,</b></p> +<p><b>quō stúdi|ō vī|tam ‖ su͡ám | t(ē) absen|t(e) exḗ|gerit,</b></p> <p><b>ubi d(ē) ín|prōvī|sōst ‖ ín|terven|tum múli|erī,</b> &c. <span class = "author">T. <i>Hau.</i> 275.</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page469" id = "page469"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page469"> 469</a></span> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑ ⏑ –́</td> <td>⏑ –̇</td> @@ -51460,24 +51450,24 @@ cṓn|sequor;</b></p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2586" id = "sec2586" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2586" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2586.</a></b> (1.) In the early dramatists, substitutions are very numerous, and lines which follow the normal scheme are rare. Substitutions are most frequent in the first foot.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2587" id = "sec2587" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2587" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2587.</a></b> (2.) Four shorts rarely stand in succession unless they belong to the same foot. Hence a dactyl or tribrach is seldom followed by an anapaest.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2588" id = "sec2588" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2588" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2588.</a></b> (3.) The dactyl and proceleusmatic are rare in the fifth foot. The proceleusmatic occurs chiefly in the first foot.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2589" id = "sec2589" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2589" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2589.</a></b> (4.) The fifth foot is very often a spondee. It must not be a pure iambus except (<i>a.</i>) when the line ends with a polysyllable of four @@ -51489,11 +51479,11 @@ preceded by a final short syllable; (<i>d.</i>) when there is a change of speakers before the last foot; (<i>e.</i>) when elision occurs in the fifth or sixth foot.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2590" id = "sec2590" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2590" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2590.</a></b> (5.) The main caesura is rarely preceded by a monosyllable.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2591" id = "sec2591" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2591" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2591.</a></b> (6.) In the Senarius, and in the other iambic and trochaic verses of the early dramatists, a resolved arsis or thesis is usually placed so @@ -51507,13 +51497,13 @@ are closely connected (e.g. a preposition with its case).</p> <p class = "header size7">(B.) Later Period.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2592" id = "sec2592" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2592" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2592.</a></b> Later writers conform more closely to Greek usage, but differ from one another in the degree of strictness with which they follow it. The general scheme is:</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑͐ –́</td> <td>⏑ –̇</td> @@ -51554,13 +51544,13 @@ the second and third trochees of the line must form one word, as in</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>ut gaú|det īn|sitī́|va ‖ dē|cerpḗns | pira.</b> +<p><b>ut gaú|det īn|sitī́|va ‖ dē|cerpḗns | pira.</b> <span class = "author">(H. <i>Epod.</i> 2, 19.)</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page470" id = "page470"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page470"> 470</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2593" id = "sec2593" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2593" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2593.</a></b> (1.) The anapaest is rare in nearly all classical writers; Catullus does not admit it at all, and Horace only five times in all. The @@ -51569,20 +51559,20 @@ the <i>Octāvia</i>, Phaedrus, Publilius Syrus and Terentianus Maurus; other writers exclude it altogether. Catullus keeps the fifth foot pure, and Horace does not admit the tribrach in the fifth foot.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2594" id = "sec2594" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2594" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2594.</a></b> (2.) Catullus (4 and 29), Horace (<i>Epod.</i> 16), Vergil (<i>Cat.</i> 3, 4, 8), and the authors of the <i>Priāpēa</i> sometimes use the <i>pure</i> iambic trimeter, without resolutions or substitutions.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2595" id = "sec2595" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2595" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2595.</a></b> (3.) Phaedrus follows in part the earlier usage, admitting the spondee, dactyl, and anapaest, in every foot except the last. The dactyl he employs chiefly in the first, third, and fifth feet, the anapaest in the first and fifth. The proceleusmatic he admits only in the first.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2596" id = "sec2596" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2596" href = "#verse_iamb_tri">2596.</a></b> The rhythm of the Senarius may be illustrated by the following lines:</p> @@ -51594,11 +51584,11 @@ lines:</p> </div> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_iamb_scazon" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_iamb_scazon" href = "#verse_iamb"><span class = "smallcaps">The Choliambus</span> (or <i>Scazon</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2597" id = "sec2597" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2597" href = "#verse_iamb_scazon">2597.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Choliambus</span> is an iambic trimeter in which a trochee has been substituted for the final iambus. The @@ -51607,7 +51597,7 @@ generally the penthemimeral (<a href = "#sec2544">2544</a>). If it is hephthemimeral, there is regularly a diaeresis after the second foot. The scheme is:</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑͐ –́</td> <td>⏑ –̇</td> @@ -51639,16 +51629,16 @@ The scheme is:</p> <p class = "fourth">An example is:</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Fulsḗ|re quon|dam ‖ cán|didī| tibī́ | sṓlēs.</b> +<p><b>Fulsḗ|re quon|dam ‖ cán|didī| tibī́ | sṓlēs.</b> <span class = "author">(Cat. 8, 3.)</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2598" id = "sec2598" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2598" href = "#verse_iamb_scazon">2598.</a></b> (1). The anacrustic scheme (see <a href = "#sec2529">2529</a>) of the choliambus is:</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑ ⏑̆͐</td> <td class = "partial">–́ ⏑</td> @@ -51672,14 +51662,14 @@ choliambus is:</p> href = "#sec2529">2529</a>), syncope (<a href = "#sec2541">2541</a>), and protraction (<a href = "#sec2516">2516</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2599" id = "sec2599" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2599" href = "#verse_iamb_scazon">2599.</a></b> (2.) Resolutions and substitutions are less common in the choliambus than in the ordinary trimeter. No monosyllable except <b>est</b> is admitted at the end of the line. The tribrach in the first foot is rare, and the fifth foot is regularly an iambus.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2600" id = "sec2600" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2600" href = "#verse_iamb_scazon">2600.</a></b> (3). The verse is named <i>Choliambus</i> (i.e. “lame” or “limping iambus”) or <i>Scazon</i> (“hobbler”) from its odd, limping movement. It @@ -51689,13 +51679,13 @@ into Roman poetry by Cn. Mattius, and was employed by Varro, Catullus, Persius, Petronius, Martial, and others.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page471" id = "page471"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page471"> 471</a></span> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_iamb_cata" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_iamb_cata" href = "#verse_iamb">The Iambic Trimeter Catalectic.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2601" id = "sec2601" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2601" href = "#verse_iamb_cata">2601.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Iambic Trimeter Catalectic</span> occurs in Horace (1, 4 and 2, 18). The caesura is regularly @@ -51704,7 +51694,7 @@ admitted, except in one doubtful case, <b>rēgumque puerīs</b> (2, 18, 34), where <b>pu͡erīs</b> may be read (with synizesis: see <a href = "#sec2499">2499</a>). The scheme is:</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑͐ –́</td> <td>⏑ –̇</td> @@ -51734,7 +51724,7 @@ see <a href = "#sec2499">2499</a>). The scheme is:</p> –̇</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2602" id = "sec2602" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2602" href = "#verse_iamb_cata">2602.</a></b> (1.) The anacrustic scheme is:</p> @@ -51748,18 +51738,18 @@ anacrusis (<a href = "#sec2529">2529</a>), syncope (<a href = "#sec2541">2541</a>), and protraction (<a href = "#sec2516">2516</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2603" id = "sec2603" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2603" href = "#verse_iamb_cata">2603.</a></b> (2.) Horace seems to have changed his practice with reference to the first foot. In 1, 4 the first foot is a spondee in nine lines out of ten; in 2, 18, it is a spondee in only two lines out of twenty.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_iamb_octo" id = "verse_iamb_octo" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_iamb_octo" href = "#verse_iamb"><span class = "smallcaps">The Iambic Tetrameter Acatalectic</span> (or <i>Octonarius</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2604" id = "sec2604" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2604" href = "#verse_iamb_octo">2604.</a></b> This verse consists of four iambic dipodies, or eight complete iambic feet. The substitutions enumerated in 2581 are admitted in the first @@ -51768,7 +51758,7 @@ in the line is usually a diaeresis after the fourth foot (which in that case must be a pure iambus), or a caesura after the arsis of the fifth. The full scheme is:</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑͐ –́</td> <td>⏑͐ –̇</td> @@ -51821,22 +51811,22 @@ The full scheme is:</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2605" id = "sec2605" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2605" href = "#verse_iamb_octo">2605.</a></b> The following lines are examples of this metre:</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Enĭm vḗ|rō, Dā|ve, <ins class = "correction" +<p><b>Enĭm vḗ|rō, Dā|ve, <ins class = "correction" title = "printed without space">nī́l|locīst</ins> # sēgníti|ae neque | sōcór|diae,</b></p> <p><b>quant(um) ín|tellē|xī módo | senis # sentén|tiam | dē nū́|ptiīs:</b></p> -<p><b>quae sī́|nōn a|stū prṓ|viden|tur ‖ m(ē)aút|erum | pessúm | +<p><b>quae sī́|nōn a|stū prṓ|viden|tur ‖ m(ē)aút|erum | pessúm | dabunt.</b> <span class = "author">(T. <i>Andr.</i> 206.)</span></p> </div> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏖ –́</td> <td>> –̇</td> @@ -51866,9 +51856,9 @@ dabunt.</b> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page472" id = "page472"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page472"> 472</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2606" id = "sec2606" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2606" href = "#verse_iamb_octo">2606.</a></b> Compare in English:</p> @@ -51879,18 +51869,18 @@ amain;</p> the plain.</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2607" id = "sec2607" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2607" href = "#verse_iamb_octo">2607.</a></b> (1.) The iambic octonarius is chiefly a comic verse. Terence has about eight hundred lines in this measure, Plautus only about three hundred, Varro a few.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2608" id = "sec2608" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2608" href = "#verse_iamb_octo">2608.</a></b> (2.) Substitutions are much less common than in the senarius, especially in the even feet.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2609" id = "sec2609" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2609" href = "#verse_iamb_octo">2609.</a></b> (3.) When there is a diaeresis after the fourth foot, so that the line is divided into two equal halves, the verse is <i>asynartetic</i> (<a @@ -51898,12 +51888,12 @@ href = "#sec2535">2535</a>). There seems, however, to be no certain instance of hiatus in the diaeresis in the Terentian plays.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_iamb_sept" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_iamb_sept" href = "#verse_iamb">Iambic Septenarius.</a></p> <p class = "header">(A.) Early Usage.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2610" id = "sec2610" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2610" href = "#verse_iamb_sept">2610.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Iambic Septenarius</span> consists of seven and a half iambic feet. In any of the complete feet the @@ -51912,7 +51902,7 @@ after the fourth foot, which in that case must be a pure iambus. If there is not such a diaeresis, there is generally a caesura after the arsis of the fifth foot. The scheme of substitution is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑͐ –́</td> <td>⏑͐ –̇</td> @@ -51965,21 +51955,21 @@ arsis of the fifth foot. The scheme of substitution is:—</p> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2611" id = "sec2611" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2611" href = "#verse_iamb_sept">2611.</a></b> Examples of the Septenarius are the lines:</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><b>Spērā́|bit sūm|ptum síbi | senex ‖ levā́|t(um) ess(e) hā|runc ábi|tū:</b></p> -<p><b>n(ē) ill(e) haúd | scit hoc | paulúm | lucrī ‖ quant(um) ḗ|ī +<p><b>n(ē) ill(e) haúd | scit hoc | paulúm | lucrī ‖ quant(um) ḗ|ī da|mn(ī) adpór|tet.</b></p> <p><b>Tū nés|ciēs | quod scī́s, | Dromō, ‖ sī sápi|ēs. Mū|tum dī́|cēs.</b> <p class = "author">(T. <i>Hau.</i> 746.)</p> </div> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>> –́</td> <td>> –̇</td> @@ -52019,9 +52009,9 @@ dī́|cēs.</b> <span class = "author">(Campbell.)</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page473" id = "page473"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page473"> 473</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2612" id = "sec2612" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2612" href = "#verse_iamb_sept">2612.</a></b> (1.) The Iambic Septenarius of the early comedy is not properly a “tetrameter catalectic” like the Greek, for the penultimate syllable is @@ -52030,19 +52020,19 @@ tetrameter. For the same reason the ordinary anacrustic (<a href = "#sec2529">2529</a>) scheme of the early Septenarius is erroneous; for a triseme cannot be resolved.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2613" id = "sec2613" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2613" href = "#verse_iamb_sept">2613.</a></b> (2.) When there is a diaeresis after the fourth foot, the verse is asynartetic (see <a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2614" id = "sec2614" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2614" href = "#verse_iamb_sept">2614.</a></b> (3.) The Septenarius seems not to have been used in tragedy.</p> <p class = "header size7">(B.) Later Usage.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2615" id = "sec2615" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2615" href = "#verse_iamb_sept">2615.</a></b> Varro and Catullus (<a href = "#sec25">25</a>) employ a form of the Septenarius which conforms more closely to Greek models, keeping the @@ -52062,18 +52052,18 @@ regularly a diaeresis after the fourth foot. The scheme is:—</p> ⏑ | –̇ ⏑͐ | ⏗́ | –̇ ⌃</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2616" id = "sec2616" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2616" href = "#verse_iamb_sept">2616.</a></b> Catullus does not admit resolutions at all, save in one very doubtful case (<a href = "#sec25">25, 5</a>). Varro seems to admit them in the first foot only.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_iamb_quat" id = "verse_iamb_quat" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_iamb_quat" href = "#verse_iamb"><span class = "smallcaps">Iambic Dimeter Acatalectic</span> (or <i>Quaternarius</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2617" id = "sec2617" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2617" href = "#verse_iamb_quat">2617.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Iambic Dimeter Acatalectic</span> consists of two complete iambic dipodies or four iambic feet. In the first three @@ -52083,7 +52073,7 @@ the first foot of the <i>Versus Reizianus</i> (<a href = "#sec2625">2625</a>), (of which a Quaternarius forms the first colon). The scheme for substitution is:</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑͐ –́</td> <td>⏑͐ –̇</td> @@ -52137,9 +52127,9 @@ title = "mismatched bracket in original">⏑]</ins></td> <span class = "author">(H. <i>Epod.</i> 3, 12).</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page474" id = "page474"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page474"> 474</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2618" id = "sec2618" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2618" href = "#verse_iamb_quat">2618.</a></b> (1.) The verse may also be regarded as a trochaic dimeter catalectic with anacrusis (<a href = "#sec2529">2529</a>), with the normal @@ -52149,12 +52139,12 @@ scheme:</p> <p>⏑ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2619" id = "sec2619" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2619" href = "#verse_iamb_quat">2619.</a></b> (2.) Horace admits resolutions only four times, the tribrach once in the second foot and the dactyl thrice in the first.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2620" id = "sec2620" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2620" href = "#verse_iamb_quat">2620.</a></b> (3.) Plautus (except in a few instances), Terence, and Horace employ the dimeter only as a <i>clausula</i> (<a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>) to @@ -52163,11 +52153,11 @@ longer verses. Petronius, Seneca, and Prudentius use it to form employed by earlier writers.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_iamb_tern" id = "verse_iamb_tern" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_iamb_tern" href = "#verse_iamb"><span class = "smallcaps">The Iambic Dimeter Catalectic</span> (or <i>Ternarius</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2621" id = "sec2621" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2621" href = "#verse_iamb_tern">2621.</a></b> This is like the preceding verse, except that the last foot is incomplete. Examples are:—</p> @@ -52184,7 +52174,7 @@ incomplete. Examples are:—</p> <span class = "author">(T. <i>Andr.</i> 485).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2622" id = "sec2622" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2622" href = "#verse_iamb_tern">2622.</a></b> (1.) The verse may also be regarded as a syncopated catalectic trochaic dimeter with anacrusis (<a href = "#sec2529">2529</a>). The normal @@ -52194,17 +52184,17 @@ scheme will then be:—</p> <p>⏑ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑ | ⏗́ | –̇ ⌃</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2623" id = "sec2623" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2623" href = "#verse_iamb_tern">2623.</a></b> (2.) Plautus and Terence use this verse as a <i>clausula</i> (<a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>). Petronius is the first who employs it to form <i>systems</i> (<a href = "#sec2547">2547</a>).</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_iamb_other" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_iamb_other" href = "#verse_iamb">Other Iambic Verses.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2624" id = "sec2624" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2624" href = "#verse_iamb_other">2624.</a></b> Other short iambic verses, the acatalectic dipody (e.g. <b>eg(o) ĭllūm | famē, | eg(o) ĭllúm | sitī</b>, Pl. <i>Cas.</i> 153), and the catalectic @@ -52214,13 +52204,13 @@ occur, but are rare.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Versus Reizianus.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2625" id = "sec2625" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2625" href = "#verse_iamb_other">2625.</a></b> This is a composite verse, consisting of two cola, an iambic dimeter acatalectic and an iambic tripody catalectic. The scheme is therefore,</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑͐ –́</td> <td>⏑͐ –̇</td> @@ -52265,17 +52255,17 @@ therefore,</p> <p class = "fourth">Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Sed in aé|dibus | quid tíbi | meīs # n(am) erát | negṓ|tī</b></p> +<p><b>Sed in aé|dibus | quid tíbi | meīs # n(am) erát | negṓ|tī</b></p> <p><b>m(ē) absén|te, nis(i) e|go iús|seram? # volo scī́|re. Tac(ē) ér|gō</b></p> -<p><b>Quia vḗ|nimŭs coc|t(um) ad nū́|ptiās. # Quid tū́, | malŭm, +<p><b>Quia vḗ|nimŭs coc|t(um) ad nū́|ptiās. # Quid tū́, | malŭm, cū́|rās.</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 427.)</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page475" id = "page475"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page475"> 475</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2626" id = "sec2626" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2626" href = "#verse_iamb_other">2626.</a></b> The nature of the second colon of this verse has long been disputed. Reiz and Christ treat it substantially as above; Studemund regards it as @@ -52288,16 +52278,16 @@ cannot be said to be fully decided. The tribrach is rare in the second colon, but there seems to be a case in Plautus, <i>R.</i> 675 b.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2627" id = "sec2627" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2627" href = "#verse_iamb_other">2627.</a></b> For other iambic verses and combinations of verses, see special editions of the dramatists.</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_troch" id = "verse_troch" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_troch" href = "#pros_verse">TROCHAIC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2628" id = "sec2628" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2628" href = "#verse_troch">2628.</a></b> These are descending rhythms in 3/8 time. The fundamental foot is the trochee –́ ⏑, for which its metrical equivalent the tribrach <ins @@ -52307,11 +52297,11 @@ the irrational anapaest ⏑́ ⏑ >, and (rarely) the proceleusmatic ⏑́ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑, are sometimes substituted.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_troch_sept" id = "verse_troch_sept" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_troch_sept" href = "#verse_troch"><span class = "smallcaps">The Trochaic Tetrameter Catalectic</span> (or <i>Septenarius</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2629" id = "sec2629" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2629" href = "#verse_troch_sept">2629.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Trochaic Tetrameter Catalectic</span> is, next to the iambic trimeter, the verse most frequently used by the early @@ -52331,7 +52321,7 @@ two periods in the usage:—</p> <p class = "header size7">(A.) Early Period.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2630" id = "sec2630" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2630" href = "#verse_troch_sept">2630.</a></b> The tribrach is admitted in any of the complete feet, and the irrational spondee, cyclic dactyl, and irrational anapaest in any of the first six @@ -52346,7 +52336,7 @@ after the fifth foot, in which case there is generally a secondary diaeresis after the third foot or a caesura in the fourth. The full scheme of substitutions is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>–́ ⏑͐</td> <td>–̇ ⏑͐</td> @@ -52391,7 +52381,7 @@ scheme of substitutions is:—</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page476" id = "page476"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page476"> 476</a></span> <p class = "fourth">The following lines are examples of the Septenarius:—</p> @@ -52408,7 +52398,7 @@ cárnu|fex.</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Am.</i> 585.)</span></p> </div> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑́ ⏑ ⏑</td> <td>–̇ ⏖</td> @@ -52447,18 +52437,18 @@ cárnu|fex.</b> </tr> </table> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2631" id = "sec2631" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2631" href = "#verse_troch_sept">2631.</a></b> (1.) When there is a diaeresis after the fourth foot, the verse is <i>asynartetic</i> (<a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>). In Plautus hiatus in the diaeresis is not rare; but there seems to be no <i>certain</i> instance of it in Terence (see <i>Ph.</i> 528, <i>Ad.</i> 697).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2632" id = "sec2632" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2632" href = "#verse_troch_sept">2632.</a></b> (2.) An anapaest is not allowed to follow a dactyl.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2633" id = "sec2633" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2633" href = "#verse_troch_sept">2633.</a></b> (3.) The seventh foot is usually a trochee; rarely a tribrach or dactyl. The tribrach and dactyl are seldom found in the fourth foot.</p> @@ -52466,7 +52456,7 @@ The tribrach and dactyl are seldom found in the fourth foot.</p> <p class = "header size7">(B.) Later Usage.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2634" id = "sec2634" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2634" href = "#verse_troch_sept">2634.</a></b> The later and stricter form of the Septenarius keeps the arses of the odd feet pure, and regularly shows a diaeresis after the fourth @@ -52482,7 +52472,7 @@ the earlier form of the verse. The strict form of the Septenarius is found in Varro, Seneca, and often in late poets (as Ausonius, Prudentius, &c.).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2635" id = "sec2635" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2635" href = "#verse_troch_sept">2635.</a></b> The rhythm of the Septenarius may be illustrated by this line:—</p> @@ -52493,11 +52483,11 @@ line:—</p> </div> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_troch_octo" id = "verse_troch_octo" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_troch_octo" href = "#verse_troch"><span class = "smallcaps">The Trochaic Tetrameter Acatalectic</span> (or <i>Octonarius</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2636" id = "sec2636" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2636" href = "#verse_troch_octo">2636.</a></b> The <span class = "smallcaps">Trochaic Tetrameter Acatalectic</span> is chiefly confined to the lyrical portions of the early comedy. It @@ -52511,7 +52501,7 @@ diaeresis after the fourth foot (which in that case must not be a dactyl). Occasionally, however, there is instead a caesura in the fourth or fifth foot. The scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>–́ ⏑͐</td> <td>–̇ ⏑͐</td> @@ -52554,13 +52544,13 @@ or fifth foot. The scheme is:—</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page477" id = "page477"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page477"> 477</a></span> <p class = "fourth">Example:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Cḗnse|ō. <ins class = "correction" -title = "printed without spaces">Sed | heús</ins> tū.| Quid vīs? # Cḗnsēn | posse | m(e) +<p><b>Cḗnse|ō. <ins class = "correction" +title = "printed without spaces">Sed | heús</ins> tū.| Quid vīs? # Cḗnsēn | posse | m(e) óffir|māre?</b> <span class = "author">(T. <i>Eu.</i> 217).</span></p> </div> @@ -52579,22 +52569,22 @@ rover,</p> clover.</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2637" id = "sec2637" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2637" href = "#verse_troch_octo">2637.</a></b> (1.) When there is a diaeresis after the fourth foot, the verse is <i>asynartetic</i> (<a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2638" id = "sec2638" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2638" href = "#verse_troch_octo">2638.</a></b> (2.) The Octonarius is essentially a lyric metre, and is much less common than the Septenarius.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_troch_claud" id = +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_troch_claud" href = "#verse_troch"><span class = "smallcaps">The Trochaic Tetrameter Claudus</span> (or <i>Scazon</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2639" id = "sec2639" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2639" href = "#verse_troch_claud">2639.</a></b> This verse is a trochaic tetrameter acatalectic, with syncope and protraction in the seventh foot. The normal scheme is:</p> @@ -52607,29 +52597,29 @@ protraction in the seventh foot. The normal scheme is:</p> <p class = "fourth">An example is:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Néc co|ruscus | ímber | altō ‖ nū́bi|lō ca|dḗns | múltus</b></p> +<p><b>Néc co|ruscus | ímber | altō ‖ nū́bi|lō ca|dḗns | múltus</b></p> <p>–́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ > # –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑ | ⏗́ | –́ ⏑ <span class = "author">(Varro, <i>Sat. fr.</i> 557 Buech.).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2640" id = "sec2640" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2640" href = "#verse_troch_claud">2640.</a></b> (1.) Substitutions are much rarer in this verse than in the ordinary trochaic octonarius.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2641" id = "sec2641" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2641" href = "#verse_troch_claud">2641.</a></b> (2.) The Scazon was introduced among the Greeks by Hipponax, whence it is sometimes called the Hipponactean. Varro seems to be the only Roman poet who uses it.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_troch_alcaic" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_troch_alcaic" href = "#verse_troch">The Nine-syllabled Alcaic.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2642" id = "sec2642" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2642" href = "#verse_troch_alcaic">2642.</a></b> This verse consists of two complete trochaic dipodies, with anacrusis. The second foot is always an irrational spondee. The scheme @@ -52642,7 +52632,7 @@ is:—</p> <p class = "fourth">An example is:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Sil|vaé la|bōran|tḗs ge|lūque.</b> +<p><b>Sil|vaé la|bōran|tḗs ge|lūque.</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 9, 3.)</span></p> </div> @@ -52651,35 +52641,35 @@ third line of the Alcaic Strophe (see <a href = "#sec2736">2736</a>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_troch_quat" id = "verse_troch_quat" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_troch_quat" href = "#verse_troch"><span class = "smallcaps">The Trochaic Dimeter Acatalectic</span> (or <i>Quaternarius</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2643" id = "sec2643" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2643" href = "#verse_troch_quat">2643.</a></b> This verse consists of two complete trochaic dipodies. It is very rare, but there are probably a few instances of it in Plautus, e.g. <i>Per.</i> 31:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Básili|c(ō) accipi|ḗre | vīctū</b></p> +<p><b>Básili|c(ō) accipi|ḗre | vīctū</b></p> <p>⏑́ ⏑ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑</p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page478" id = "page478"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page478"> 478</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_troch_tern" id = "verse_troch_tern" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_troch_tern" href = "#verse_troch"><span class = "smallcaps">The Trochaic Dimeter Catalectic</span> (or <i>Ternarius</i>).</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2644" id = "sec2644" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2644" href = "#verse_troch_tern">2644.</a></b> This consists of two trochaic dipodies, the second being incomplete. It occurs in the early dramatists and in Horace. The scheme for Plautus and Terence is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>–́ ⏑͐</td> <td>–̇ ⏑͐</td> @@ -52718,28 +52708,28 @@ Terence is:—</p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Nṓn e|bur ne|qu(e) aúre|um</b> +<p><b>Nṓn e|bur ne|qu(e) aúre|um</b> <span class = "author">(H. 2, 18, 1).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2645" id = "sec2645" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2645" href = "#verse_troch_tern">2645.</a></b> (1.) This is sometimes called the Euripidean verse, from its use by Euripides. The tribrach in the third foot is rare, and is not found in Terence. Horace keeps all the feet pure.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2646" id = "sec2646" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2646" href = "#verse_troch_tern">2646.</a></b> (2.) Plautus and Terence often use this verse between trochaic tetrameters, but sometimes employ several <i>Ternarii</i> in succession, as in Plaut. <i>E.</i> 3-6, <i>Cas.</i> 953-6, <i>Ps.</i> 211-13.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_troch_trip" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_troch_trip" href = "#verse_troch">The Trochaic Tripody Acatalectic.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2647" id = "sec2647" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2647" href = "#verse_troch_trip">2647.</a></b> This verse is confined to the early drama, where it is employed as a <i>clausula</i> (<a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>), especially with @@ -52758,18 +52748,18 @@ is:—</p> <i>Ithyphallic</i>.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_troch_tri" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_troch_tri" href = "#verse_troch">The Trochaic Tripody Catalectic.</a></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2648" id = "sec2648" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2648" href = "#verse_troch_tri">2648.</a></b> This verse is employed by the early dramatists, usually either as a <i>clausula</i> (<a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>) or in groups of two lines each. Terence generally uses it in the former way, Plautus in the latter. The scheme of substitutions is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>–́ ⏑͐</td> <td>–̇ ⏑͐</td> @@ -52792,7 +52782,7 @@ latter. The scheme of substitutions is:—</p> </tr> </table> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page479" id = "page479"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page479"> 479</a></span> <p class = "fourth">Example:—</p> @@ -52806,25 +52796,25 @@ latter. The scheme of substitutions is:—</p> catalectic tripodies in succession.</p> -<p class = "header smallcaps"><a name = "verse_troch_other" id = +<p class = "header smallcaps"><a id = "verse_troch_other" href = "#verse_troch">Other Trochaic Verses.</a></p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2649" id = "sec2649" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2649" href = "#verse_troch_other">2649.</a></b> The Trochaic Monometer Acatalectic is sometimes used by Plautus as a <i>clausula</i> (<a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>) to Cretic tetrameters., It consists of one complete trochaic dipody, e.g. <b>nímis in|epta’ s</b>, <i>R.</i> 681. <b>iū́re in|iūstās</b>, <i>Am.</i> 247. Terence uses the <i>catalectic</i> monometer twice (<i>Eu.</i> 292, <i>Ph.</i> -485) at the beginning of a scene, e.g. <b>Dṓri|ō</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 485. +485) at the beginning of a scene, e.g. <b>Dṓri|ō</b>, <i>Ph.</i> 485. Plautus has a few other trochaic verses and combinations of verses, for which see special editions of his plays.</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_log" id = "verse_log" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_log" href = "#pros_verse">LOGAOEDIC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2650" id = "sec2650" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2650" href = "#verse_log">2650.</a></b> Logaoedic verse consists of dactyls and trochees combined in the same metrical series. The dactyls are “cyclic” (see <a href = @@ -52833,17 +52823,17 @@ hence the verse moves in 3/8 time. Except in the “Lesser Alcaic” verse (<a href = "#sec2663">2663</a>), only one dactyl may stand in a single series; and a dactyl must not occupy the last place in a line.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2651" id = "sec2651" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2651" href = "#verse_log">2651.</a></b> (1.) The name “logaoedic” (Gr. <span class = "greek" title = -"logaoidikos">λογαοιδικός</span>, from <span class = "greek" title = -"logos">λόγος</span>, <i>speech</i>, <i>prose</i>, and <span class = -"greek" title = "aoidê">ἀοιδή</span>, <i>song</i>) may refer to the +"logaoidikos">λογαοιδικός</span>, from <span class = "greek" title = +"logos">λόγος</span>, <i>speech</i>, <i>prose</i>, and <span class = +"greek" title = "aoidê">ἀοιδή</span>, <i>song</i>) may refer to the apparent change of rhythm (due to the mixture of dactyls and trochees), in which logaoedic verse resembles prose; but this is a disputed point.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2652" id = "sec2652" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2652" href = "#verse_log">2652.</a></b> (2.) In the logaoedic verses of Horace, an irrational spondee almost always takes the place of a trochee before the first dactyl; and if an @@ -52852,22 +52842,22 @@ apparent choriambus (–́ ⏑ ⏑ | ⏗́; see <a href = same verse, the two are regularly separated by a caesura. These rules are not observed by Catullus.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2653" id = "sec2653" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2653" href = "#verse_log">2653.</a></b> (3.) Anacrusis (<a href = "#sec2529">2529</a>) and syncope (<a href = "#sec2541">2541</a>) are very common in logaoedic verse.</p> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2654" id = "sec2654" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2654" href = "#verse_log">2654.</a></b> The following are the principal logaoedic rhythms:—</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_log_dip" id = "verse_log_dip" href +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_log_dip" href = "#verse_log">DIPODY.</a></p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Adonic.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2655" id = "sec2655" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2655" href = "#verse_log_dip">2655.</a></b> This is a logaoedic dipody, with the scheme:—</p> @@ -52887,9 +52877,9 @@ This is a logaoedic dipody, with the scheme:—</p> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 2, 24).</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page480" id = "page480"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page480"> 480</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2656" id = "sec2656" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2656" href = "#verse_log_dip">2656.</a></b> (1.) Some regard the Adonic as a syncopated catalectic tripody:</p> @@ -52897,7 +52887,7 @@ This is a logaoedic dipody, with the scheme:—</p> <p>–́ ⏖ | ⏗́ | –́ ⌃</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2657" id = "sec2657" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2657" href = "#verse_log_dip">2657.</a></b> (2.) A Latin Adonic should consist of a disyllable + a trisyllable, or the reverse. This rule did not hold in Greek, where such lines occur as @@ -52907,12 +52897,12 @@ Terentianus) sometimes employ the Adonic in stichic series (<a href = "#sec2546">2546</a>).</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_log_tri" id = "verse_log_tri" href +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_log_tri" href = "#verse_log">TRIPODIES.</a></p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Aristophanic.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2658" id = "sec2658" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2658" href = "#verse_log_tri">2658.</a></b> This is a logaoedic tripody acatalectic, with a dactyl in the first place. The scheme is therefore:—</p> @@ -52930,7 +52920,7 @@ are:—</p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Fū́nera | nḗ vi|rī́lis</b> +<p><b>Fū́nera | nḗ vi|rī́lis</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 8, 15).</span></p> </div> @@ -52947,7 +52937,7 @@ catalectic.</p> <p class = "header"><span class = "smallcaps">The Pherecratean</span> (or <i>Pherecratic</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2659" id = "sec2659" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2659" href = "#verse_log_tri">2659.</a></b> This verse is used by Catullus (<a href = "#sec34">34</a>, <a href = "#sec61">61</a>), and by Horace (as the third line of the Third @@ -52955,7 +52945,7 @@ Asclepiadean Strophe: see <a href = "#sec2733">2733</a>). It is a logaoedic tripody, with the dactyl in the second place. The scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>[–́ ⏑]</td> <td colspan = "2"> </td> @@ -52990,12 +52980,12 @@ There is no fixed caesura. Examples are:—</p> <p class = "author">(Cat. 34, 4). </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page481" id = "page481"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page481"> 481</a></span> <p class = "fifth">Some authorities prefer to regard the Pherecratean as a syncopated logaoedic tetrapody catalectic, with the scheme:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>[–́ ⏑]</td> <td colspan = "3"> </td> @@ -53013,12 +53003,12 @@ a syncopated logaoedic tetrapody catalectic, with the scheme:—</p> </table> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_log_tetra" id = "verse_log_tetra" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_log_tetra" href = "#verse_log">TETRAPODIES.</a></p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Glyconic.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2660" id = "sec2660" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2660" href = "#verse_log_tetra">2660.</a></b> This verse is used by Catullus (<a href = "#sec34">34</a>, <a href = "#sec61">61</a>), by Horace (in the First, Second, and Third @@ -53027,7 +53017,7 @@ Asclepiadean Strophes: see <a href = "#sec2731">2731</a>, <a href = other later writers. It is a logaoedic tetrapody catalectic, with a dactyl in the second place. The scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>[–́ ⏑]</td> <td colspan="3"></td> @@ -53055,7 +53045,7 @@ one in the arsis of the second foot. Examples are:—</p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p>With initial trochee: <b>Mónti|úm ‖ domi|n(a) út fo|rḗs</b> +<p>With initial trochee: <b>Mónti|úm ‖ domi|n(a) út fo|rḗs</b> <span class = "author">(Cat. 34, 9).</span></p> </div> @@ -53064,12 +53054,12 @@ one in the arsis of the second foot. Examples are:—</p> <span class = "author">(Cat. 34, 2).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2661" id = "sec2661" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2661" href = "#verse_log_tetra">2661.</a></b> (1.) This verse in composition with the Pherecratean forms the <i>Priapean</i> (<a href = "#sec2674">2674</a>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2662" id = "sec2662" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2662" href = "#verse_log_tetra">2662.</a></b> (2.) In admitting the trochee and iambus in the first foot, Catullus follows Greek models, while Horace adheres to the stricter Roman usage, @@ -53081,7 +53071,7 @@ to the earlier and freer usage.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Lesser (<span class = "plaintext">or</span> Decasyllabic) Alcaic.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2663" id = "sec2663" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2663" href = "#verse_log_tetra">2663.</a></b> This verse is a logaoedic tetrapody acatalectic, with dactyls in the first and second places. The scheme is:—</p> @@ -53095,7 +53085,7 @@ frequently a break after the thesis, or in the arsis, of the second foot. Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Flū́mina | cṓnstite|rínt a|cūtō</b> +<p><b>Flū́mina | cṓnstite|rínt a|cūtō</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 9, 4).</span></p> </div> @@ -53105,15 +53095,15 @@ foot. Examples are:—</p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page482" id = "page482"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page482"> 482</a></span> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_log_penta" id = "verse_log_penta" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_log_penta" href = "#verse_log">PENTAPODIES.</a></p> <p class = "header"><span class = "smallcaps">The Phalaecean</span> (or <i>Hendecasyllable</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2664" id = "sec2664" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2664" href = "#verse_log_penta">2664.</a></b> This verse is a logaoedic pentapody with the dactyl in the second place. The Greek poets admitted the trochee and iambus, as well as the spondee, @@ -53123,7 +53113,7 @@ spondee, and in later writers nearly always. Horace does not use the Phalaecean. There is no fixed caesura, though the penthemimeral is often found. The scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>[–́ ⏑]</td> <td colspan="4"></td> @@ -53150,12 +53140,12 @@ title = "printed as shown: expected form –́ with accent">–</ins> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p>With initial trochee: <b>Dḗ di|ḗ faci|tís me|ī́ so|dā́lēs</b> +<p>With initial trochee: <b>Dḗ di|ḗ faci|tís me|ī́ so|dā́lēs</b> <span class = "author">(Cat. 47, 6).</span></p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p>With initial iambus: <b>Ágit | péssimus | ómni|úm po|ḗta</b> +<p>With initial iambus: <b>Ágit | péssimus | ómni|úm po|ḗta</b> <span class = "author">(Cat. 49, 5).</span></p> </div> @@ -53167,7 +53157,7 @@ title = "printed as shown: expected form –́ with accent">–</ins> <span class = "author">(Tennyson.)</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2665" id = "sec2665" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2665" href = "#verse_log_penta">2665.</a></b> The Phalaecean is a favourite metre in epigrams. It was used by Sappho, Phalaecus (from whom it took its name), and other Greek poets, and was @@ -53181,12 +53171,12 @@ poem; but this innovation seems not to have found favour.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Lesser Sapphic.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2666" id = "sec2666" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2666" href = "#verse_log_penta">2666.</a></b> This verse is a logaoedic pentapody acatalectic, with the dactyl in the third place. The scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>–́ ⏑</td> <td>–́ ><br> @@ -53210,16 +53200,16 @@ dī́rae</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 2, 1).</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page483" id = "page483"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page483"> 483</a></span> <div class = "verse"> -<p>With feminine caesura: <b>Phoébe | sílvā|rúmque ‖ po|tḗns +<p>With feminine caesura: <b>Phoébe | sílvā|rúmque ‖ po|tḗns Di|ā́na</b> <span class = "author">(H. <i>C. S.</i> 1).</span></p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p>With trochee in second foot: <b>Seú Sa|cā́s sa|gíttife|rṓsve | +<p>With trochee in second foot: <b>Seú Sa|cā́s sa|gíttife|rṓsve | Párthōs</b> <span class = "author">(Cat. 11, 6).</span></p> </div> @@ -53228,7 +53218,7 @@ Párthōs</b> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Greater (<span class = "plaintext">or</span> Hendecasyllabic) Alcaic.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2667" id = "sec2667" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2667" href = "#verse_log_penta">2667.</a></b> This verse is a logaoedic pentapody catalectic, with anacrusis and with the dactyl in the third foot. The scheme is:—</p> @@ -53247,11 +53237,11 @@ foot. Examples are:—</p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Vi|dḗs ut | áltā # stét nive | cándi|dúm</b> +<p><b>Vi|dḗs ut | áltā # stét nive | cándi|dúm</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 9, 1).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2668" id = "sec2668" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2668" href = "#verse_log_penta">2668.</a></b> Alcaeus admitted a trochee in the second foot, and allowed the anacrusis to be either long or short; but Horace admitted only the spondee in the @@ -53261,12 +53251,12 @@ fixed place to the caesura, which in Alcaeus has no regular position.</p> -<p class = "header"><a name = "verse_log_comp" id = "verse_log_comp" +<p class = "header"><a id = "verse_log_comp" href = "#verse_log">COMPOSITE LOGAOEDIC VERSES.</a></p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Lesser Asclepiadean.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2669" id = "sec2669" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2669" href = "#verse_log_comp">2669.</a></b> This is a composite verse, consisting of two series, a syncopated logaoedic tripody + a logaoedic tripody catalectic. There is regularly a @@ -53280,19 +53270,19 @@ diaeresis between the two series. The scheme is:—</p> <p class = "fourth">Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Maécē|nā́s ata|vī́s # ḗdite | rḗgi|bús</b> +<p><b>Maécē|nā́s ata|vī́s # ḗdite | rḗgi|bús</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 1, 1).</span></p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Quís dē|sī́deri|ṓ # sít pudor | aút mo|dús</b> +<p><b>Quís dē|sī́deri|ṓ # sít pudor | aút mo|dús</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 24, 1).</span></p> </div> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Greater Asclepiadean.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2670" id = "sec2670" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2670" href = "#verse_log_comp">2670.</a></b> This is a composite verse, consisting of three series. It differs from the preceding (<a href = "#sec2669">2669</a>) in having a syncopated @@ -53308,7 +53298,7 @@ scheme is therefore:—</p> <p class = "fourth">Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Nū́llam|, Vā́re, sa|crā́ # vī́te pri|ús # sḗveris | +<p><b>Nū́llam|, Vā́re, sa|crā́ # vī́te pri|ús # sḗveris | árbo|rém</b></p> <p><b>Círcā | mī́te so|lúm # Tī́buris | ét # moénia | <ins class = "correction" title = "text has superfluous )">Cā́ti|lī́.)</ins></b> @@ -53316,11 +53306,11 @@ scheme is therefore:—</p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page484" id = "page484"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page484"> 484</a></span> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Greater Sapphic.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2671" id = "sec2671" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2671" href = "#verse_log_comp">2671.</a></b> This is a composite verse, consisting of a syncopated logaoedic tetrapody + a syncopated logaoedic tetrapody catalectic. There is @@ -53335,17 +53325,17 @@ thesis of the first dactyl. The scheme is:—</p> <p class = "fourth">An example is:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Tḗ de|ṓs ō|rṓ ‖ Syba|rín # cū́r prope|rḗs a|mán|dṓ</b> +<p><b>Tḗ de|ṓs ō|rṓ ‖ Syba|rín # cū́r prope|rḗs a|mán|dṓ</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 8, 2).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2672" id = "sec2672" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2672" href = "#verse_log_comp">2672.</a></b> (1.) The second series has the same form as the Aristophanic, if the latter be written as a tetrapody (see <a href = "#sec2658">2658</a> <i>ad fin.</i>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2673" id = "sec2673" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2673" href = "#verse_log_comp">2673.</a></b> (2.) Horace (<a href = "#sec1">1</a>, <a href = "#sec8">8</a>) is the only Latin poet who makes use of the Greater Sapphic. It seems to be an @@ -53358,7 +53348,7 @@ imitation of the Greek Sapphic:—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "deute nin habrai Charites kallikomoi te Moisai">δεῦτέ νιν ἅβραι Χάριτες καλλίκομοί τε Μοῖσαι</span></p> +title = "deute nin habrai Charites kallikomoi te Moisai">δεῦτέ νιν ἅβραι Χάριτες καλλίκομοί τε Μοῖσαι</span></p> </div> <p class = "fifth continue">but if so, the imitation is not exact.</p> @@ -53366,7 +53356,7 @@ title = "deute nin habrai Charites kallikomoi te Moisai">δεῦτέ νιν ἅ <p class = "header smallcaps">The Priapean.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2674" id = "sec2674" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2674" href = "#verse_log_comp">2674.</a></b> This verse is employed by Catullus (<a href = "#sec17">17</a>) and in the <i>Priāpēa</i> (<a href = "#sec86">86</a>). It consists of a @@ -53383,12 +53373,12 @@ series. The scheme is:—</p> <p class = "fourth">Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Ṓ Co|lṓnia | quaé cu|pī́s # pónte | lū́dere | lón|gṓ</b> +<p><b>Ṓ Co|lṓnia | quaé cu|pī́s # pónte | lū́dere | lón|gṓ</b> <span class = "author">(Cat. 17, 1).</span></p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Húnc lū|cúm tibi | dḗdi|cṓ # cṓnse|crōque Pri|ā́|pé.</b> +<p><b>Húnc lū|cúm tibi | dḗdi|cṓ # cṓnse|crōque Pri|ā́|pé.</b> <span class = "author">(Cat. <i>Fr.</i>).</span></p> </div> @@ -53398,10 +53388,10 @@ as the Pherecratean, if the latter be written as a tetrapody (see <a href = "#sec2659">2659</a> <i>ad fin.</i>).</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_dactroch" id = "verse_dactroch" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_dactroch" href = "#pros_verse">DACTYLO-TROCHAIC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2675" id = "sec2675" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2675" href = "#verse_dactroch">2675.</a></b> <span class = "smallcaps">Dactylo-Trochaic</span> verse, like logaoedic, is composed of dactyls and trochees; but whereas in logaoedic verse the @@ -53410,18 +53400,18 @@ dactylo-trochaic they always form separate series. Hence dactylo-trochaic verses are always composite, consisting of two or more series in combination.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2676" id = "sec2676" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2676" href = "#verse_dactroch">2676.</a></b> It is uncertain whether the dactyls in dactylo-trochaic verse were cyclic (<a href = "#sec2523">2523</a>) or whether there was a change of time in the middle of the verse.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page485" id = "page485"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page485"> 485</a></span> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Greater Archilochian.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2677" id = "sec2677" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2677" href = "#verse_dactroch">2677.</a></b> This verse is composed of a dactylic tetrameter acatalectic + a trochaic tripody. There is regularly a diaeresis after the first colon, and a @@ -53436,7 +53426,7 @@ The third foot is very often a spondee. The scheme is:—</p> <p class = "fourth">An example is:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Sólvitur | ā́cris hi|éms ‖ grā|tā́ vice ‖ vḗris | ét Fa|vṓnī</b> +<p><b>Sólvitur | ā́cris hi|éms ‖ grā|tā́ vice ‖ vḗris | ét Fa|vṓnī</b> <span class = "author">(H. 1, 4).</span></p> </div> @@ -53448,7 +53438,7 @@ Prudentius sometimes neglects the diaeresis altogether.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Iambelegus.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2678" id = "sec2678" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2678" href = "#verse_dactroch">2678.</a></b> This verse consists of a trochaic dimeter catalectic with anacrusis + a Lesser Archilochian (<a href = "#sec2579">2579</a>). No resolutions are @@ -53464,11 +53454,11 @@ two cola. The scheme is:—</p> <p class = "fourth">An example is:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Rū|pḗre | nec mā|tér do|mum # caérula | tḗ reve|hét</b> +<p><b>Rū|pḗre | nec mā|tér do|mum # caérula | tḗ reve|hét</b> <span class = "author">(H. <i>Epod.</i> 13, 16).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2679" id = "sec2679" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2679" href = "#verse_dactroch">2679.</a></b> This verse occurs only in the Second Archilochian Strophe (<a href = "#sec2726">2726</a>) of Horace. Some authorities treat the first colon @@ -53479,7 +53469,7 @@ first half of which an iambic colon had been substituted.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Elegiambus.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2680" id = "sec2680" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2680" href = "#verse_dactroch">2680.</a></b> This verse consists of the same cola as the Iambelegus (<a href = "#sec2678">2678</a>), but in reverse order. Spondees are not admitted in @@ -53494,11 +53484,11 @@ regularly a diaeresis between the cola. The scheme is:—</p> <p class = "fourth">An example is:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Scrī́bere | vérsicu|lṓs ‖ a|mṓre | percus|súm gra|vī</b> +<p><b>Scrī́bere | vérsicu|lṓs ‖ a|mṓre | percus|súm gra|vī</b> <span class = "author">(H. <i>Epod.</i> 11, 2).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2681" id = "sec2681" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2681" href = "#verse_dactroch">2681.</a></b> This verse occurs only in the Third Archilochian Strophe (<a href = "#sec2727">2727</a>) of Horace. The name Elegiambus is given to it as @@ -53506,19 +53496,19 @@ being the reverse of the Iambelegus (see <a href = "#sec2679">2679</a>).</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_anapest" id = "verse_anapest" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_anapest" href = "#pros_verse">ANAPAESTIC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2682" id = "sec2682" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2682" href = "#verse_anapest">2682.</a></b> In these the fundamental foot is the anapaest ⏑ ⏑ –́, for which its metrical equivalents the spondee —́, dactyl – ⏑́ ⏑ and proceleusmatic ⏑ ⏑ ⏑́ ⏑ are sometimes substituted.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page486" id = "page486"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page486"> 486</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2683" id = "sec2683" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2683" href = "#verse_anapest">2683.</a></b> The anapaestic verse of the early Latin comedy is extremely irregular, and its limits are often hard to define. Spondees and apparent bacchii @@ -53534,7 +53524,7 @@ closely to Greek models.</p> <p class = "header"><span class = "smallcaps">The Anapaestic Tetrameter Acatalectic</span> (or <i>Octonarius</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2684" id = "sec2684" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2684" href = "#verse_anapest">2684.</a></b> This consists of four anapaestic dipodies or eight complete anapaestic feet. There is regularly a diaeresis after the fourth foot, and the last @@ -53542,7 +53532,7 @@ thesis of the line is never resolved. Hiatus and <i>syllaba anceps</i> sometimes occur in the diaeresis, the verse being asynartetic (<a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>). The scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏖ –́</td> <td>⏖ –̇</td> @@ -53586,17 +53576,17 @@ sometimes occur in the diaeresis, the verse being asynartetic (<a href = <div class = "verse"> <p><b>Neque quód | dubitem | neque quód | timeam # me(ō) <ins class = "correction" title = "printed with spaces around all | lines">ĭn -péc|tore con|ditŭmst cṓn|silium</ins></b> +péc|tore con|ditŭmst cṓn|silium</ins></b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Ps.</i> 575).</span></p> </div> <div class = "verse"> <p><b>Quid míhi | meliust | quid mágis | in remst # qu(am) ā cór|pore -vī|tam sḗ|clūdam</b> +vī|tam sḗ|clūdam</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>R.</i> 220).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2685" id = "sec2685" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2685" href = "#verse_anapest">2685.</a></b> The proceleusmatic is very rare in the fourth foot, but the spondee is very common there. Some editors divide the anapaestic octonarii into @@ -53606,14 +53596,14 @@ dimeters (or <i>quaternarii</i>) and write them as such.</p> <p class = "header"><span class = "smallcaps">The Anapaestic Tetrameter Catalectic</span> (or <i>Septenarius</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2686" id = "sec2686" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2686" href = "#verse_anapest">2686.</a></b> This is like the preceding, except that the last foot is incomplete. The seventh thesis may be resolved. There is regularly a diaeresis after the fourth foot, and hiatus and <i>syllaba anceps</i> sometimes occur in the diaeresis. The scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑ ⏑ –́</td> <td>⏑ ⏑ –̇</td> @@ -53655,12 +53645,12 @@ diaeresis. The scheme is:—</p> <p class = "fourth">Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Em nḗ|m(ō) habet hō|r(um)? occī́|distī. # dīc ígi|tur quis ha|bet +<p><b>Em nḗ|m(ō) habet hō|r(um)? occī́|distī. # dīc ígi|tur quis ha|bet né|scīs</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Aul.</i> 720).</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page487" id = "page487"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page487"> 487</a></span> <div class = "verse"> <p><b>Hunc hómi|nem decet | aur(ō) éx|pend(ī): huic # decĕt státu|am @@ -53672,13 +53662,13 @@ statu(ī) | ex aú|rō</b> <p class = "header"><span class = "smallcaps">The Anapaestic Dimeter Acatalectic</span> (or <i>Quaternarius</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2687" id = "sec2687" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2687" href = "#verse_anapest">2687.</a></b> This verse consists of two anapaestic dipodies, or four complete anapaestic feet. There is generally a diaeresis after the second foot, and the fourth thesis is not resolved. The scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑ ⏑ –́</td> <td>⏑ ⏑ –̇ # ⏑ ⏑ –́</td> @@ -53717,13 +53707,13 @@ frequently end in a paroemiac (see <a href = "#sec2688">2688</a>).</p> <p class = "header"><span class = "smallcaps">The Anapaestic Dimeter Catalectic</span> (or <i>Paroemiac</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2688" id = "sec2688" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2688" href = "#verse_anapest">2688.</a></b> This verse consists of two anapaestic dipodies or four anapaestic feet, the last foot being incomplete. The third thesis is sometimes resolved. There is no fixed caesura. The scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>⏑ ⏑ –́</td> <td>⏑ ⏑ –̇</td> @@ -53761,29 +53751,29 @@ title = "printed with space after each | line, no space before">Volucér | pede <div class = "verse"> <p><b>Nimĭs tán|d(em) eg(o) ăbs tē | conté|mnor.</b></p> <p><b>Quipp(e) égo | tē nī| conté|mnam,</b></p> -<p><b>stratiṓ|ticus homo| quī clúe|ar?</b> +<p><b>stratiṓ|ticus homo| quī clúe|ar?</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Ps.</i> 916).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2689" id = "sec2689" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2689" href = "#verse_anapest">2689.</a></b> (1.) The Paroemiac is generally used to close a system of acatalectic anapaestic dimeters; but sometimes several paroemiacs in succession form a system (as in the second example above), especially in Ausonius, Prudentius, and other late poets.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2690" id = "sec2690" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2690" href = "#verse_anapest">2690.</a></b> (2.) Other anapaestic verses sometimes occur, especially in the early comedy, but they are rare.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page488" id = "page488"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page488"> 488</a></span> -<h6><a name = "verse_cretic" id = "verse_cretic" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_cretic" href = "#pros_verse">CRETIC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2691" id = "sec2691" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2691" href = "#verse_cretic">2691.</a></b> These are rhythms of the Hemiolic class (<a href = "#sec2527">2527</a>), in 5/8 time. The fundamental foot is the Cretic (–́ @@ -53796,17 +53786,17 @@ rarely more than one resolution in a single verse. The middle short is sometimes replaced by an irrational long (giving –́ > –̇, or if there is resolution, ⏑́ ⏑ > –̇ or –́ > ⏑̇ ⏑); but this never occurs in the last foot of a verse, and but rarely -when the middle syllable is the penult of a spondaic word (e.g. <b>nṓs +when the middle syllable is the penult of a spondaic word (e.g. <b>nṓs nostrās</b>).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2692" id = "sec2692" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2692" href = "#verse_cretic">2692.</a></b> (1.) The ictus on the first long of the Cretic was probably (at least in most cases) stronger than that on the second. The first long and the short form the thesis, the second long the arsis, –́ ⏑ | –̇</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2693" id = "sec2693" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2693" href = "#verse_cretic">2693.</a></b> (2.) The impetuous, swinging movement of the Cretic rhythm fits it for the expression of passionate emotion.</p> @@ -53814,7 +53804,7 @@ the expression of passionate emotion.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Cretic Tetrameter Acatalectic.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2694" id = "sec2694" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2694" href = "#verse_cretic">2694.</a></b> This verse consists of four complete Cretic feet. There is usually a diaeresis after the second foot, but sometimes there is instead a @@ -53845,11 +53835,11 @@ alt = "[stress over long over double breve]"> ⏑ –̇</p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Dé͡ind(e) uter|qu(e) ímperā|tṓr ‖ in medi|(um) éxeunt</b> +<p><b>Dé͡ind(e) uter|qu(e) ímperā|tṓr ‖ in medi|(um) éxeunt</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Am.</i> 223).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2695" id = "sec2695" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2695" href = "#verse_cretic">2695.</a></b> This verse is common in the <i>cantica</i> of the early drama, and is often repeated to form systems. Hiatus and <i>syllaba anceps</i> @@ -53858,7 +53848,7 @@ sometimes occur in the diaeresis.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Cretic Tetrameter Catalectic.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2696" id = "sec2696" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2696" href = "#verse_cretic">2696.</a></b> This is similar to the preceding, except that the last foot is incomplete. The scheme is:—</p> @@ -53880,21 +53870,21 @@ alt = "[stress over long over double breve]"> ⏑ ⌅</p> <p class = "fifth">Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Sī́ cadēs,| nṓn cadēs # quī́n cadam| tḗcum</b> +<p><b>Sī́ cadēs,| nṓn cadēs # quī́n cadam| tḗcum</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Most.</i> 329).</span></p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Nṓv(ī) eg(o) hoc| saéculum # mṓribus| quíbŭs sit</b> +<p><b>Nṓv(ī) eg(o) hoc| saéculum # mṓribus| quíbŭs sit</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Tri.</i> 283).</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page489" id = "page489"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page489"> 489</a></span> <p class = "header smallcaps">Other Cretic Verses.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2697" id = "sec2697" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2697" href = "#verse_cretic">2697.</a></b> The Cretic trimeter acatalectic sometimes occurs, though rarely: e.g.</p> @@ -53920,7 +53910,7 @@ width = "15" height = "12" alt = "[stress over long over double breve]"> tripody catalectic: e.g.</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Hóc ub(ī̆) Am|phítru(ō) erus # cṓnspi|cā́tus | ést</b> +<p><b>Hóc ub(ī̆) Am|phítru(ō) erus # cṓnspi|cā́tus | ést</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Am.</i> 242),</span></p> </div> @@ -53932,10 +53922,10 @@ other kinds of Cretic verses, see special editions of the early dramatists.</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_bacchiac" id = "verse_bacchiac" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_bacchiac" href = "#pros_verse">BACCHĪAC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2698" id = "sec2698" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2698" href = "#verse_bacchiac">2698.</a></b> These are rhythms of the Hemiolic class (<a href = "#sec2527">2527</a>), in 5/8 time. The fundamental foot is the Bacchīus (⏑ –́ @@ -53944,12 +53934,12 @@ sometimes resolved. For the initial short syllable an irrational long is sometimes substituted. Occasionally two shorts are so substituted, especially in the first foot of a verse.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2699" id = "sec2699" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2699" href = "#verse_bacchiac">2699.</a></b> (1.) The ictus on the first long of the bacchīus was probably stronger than that on the second long.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2700" id = "sec2700" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2700" href = "#verse_bacchiac">2700.</a></b> (2.) The bacchiac rhythm, like the Cretic, has an impetuous and passionate character.</p> @@ -53957,7 +53947,7 @@ passionate character.</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">The Bacchiac Tetrameter Acatalectic.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2701" id = "sec2701" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2701" href = "#verse_bacchiac">2701.</a></b> This verse consists of four complete bacchiac feet. There is generally a caesura after the first long of the second or third foot, or (more @@ -53988,30 +53978,30 @@ alt = "[stress over long over double breve]"> –̇</p> <p class = "fourth">Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Habénd(um) et | ferúnd(um) hoc # onúst cum | labṓre</b> +<p><b>Habénd(um) et | ferúnd(um) hoc # onúst cum | labṓre</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Am.</i> 175).</span></p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>At támen ubi | fidḗs? ‖ sī | rogḗs nīl | pudént hīc</b> +<p><b>At támen ubi | fidḗs? ‖ sī | rogḗs nīl | pudént hīc</b> <span class = "author">(T. <i>Andr.</i> 637).</span></p> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Vetulaé sunt | min(ae) ámb(ae). At # bonā́s fu͡is|se crḗdō</b> +<p><b>Vetulaé sunt | min(ae) ámb(ae). At # bonā́s fu͡is|se crḗdō</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>B.</i> 1129).</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page490" id = "page490"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page490"> 490</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2702" id = "sec2702" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2702" href = "#verse_bacchiac">2702.</a></b> (1.) There are seldom more than two resolutions in the same verse, and never more than three. Bacchiac tetrameters are often repeated to form systems.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2703" id = "sec2703" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2703" href = "#verse_bacchiac">2703.</a></b> (2.) According to some authorities, bacchiac tetrameters catalectic sometimes occur, e.g. Pl. <i>Cas.</i> 656, 867, <i>Men.</i> 969, 971, @@ -54020,7 +54010,7 @@ sometimes occur, e.g. Pl. <i>Cas.</i> 656, 867, <i>Men.</i> 969, 971, <p class = "header smallcaps">Other Bacchiac Verses.</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2704" id = "sec2704" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2704" href = "#verse_bacchiac">2704.</a></b> (1.) Bacchiac dimeters are occasionally found, especially as <i>clausulae</i> to bacchiac systems. An example is:—</p> @@ -54034,30 +54024,30 @@ sometimes occur, e.g. Pl. <i>Cas.</i> 656, 867, <i>Men.</i> 969, 971, a catalectic iambic tripody: e.g.</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Rerī́n tēr | in ánnō # t(ū) hās tṓn|sitā́|rī́?</b> +<p><b>Rerī́n tēr | in ánnō # t(ū) hās tṓn|sitā́|rī́?</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>B.</i> 1127).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2705" id = "sec2705" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2705" href = "#verse_bacchiac">2705.</a></b> (2.) Bacchiac hexameters occur in a few instances, as:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Satī́n par|va rḗs est | volúptā|t(um) in vī́t(ā) at|qu(e) in +<p><b>Satī́n par|va rḗs est | volúptā|t(um) in vī́t(ā) at|qu(e) in aétā|t(e) agúndā</b> <span class = "author">(Pl. <i>Am.</i> 633).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2706" id = "sec2706" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2706" href = "#verse_bacchiac">2706.</a></b> (3.) Hypermetrical combination of bacchii into a system appears to occur in Varro, <i>Sat. Men.</i> fr. 405 Buech.</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_choriamb" id = "verse_choriamb" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_choriamb" href = "#pros_verse">CHORIAMBIC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2707" id = "sec2707" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2707" href = "#verse_choriamb">2707.</a></b> In these, the fundamental foot is the choriambus (–́ ⏑ ⏑ –̇). True choriambic verse is very rare in Latin poetry, though @@ -54068,8 +54058,8 @@ are common in logaoedic verse (<a href = "#sec2652">2652</a>).</p> 611-13,</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Út neque quid | mḗ faciam | néc quid agam # certúm | sit.</b></p> -<p><b>mémbra metū | dḗbilia | súnt, animus # timṓ|re</b></p> +<p><b>Út neque quid | mḗ faciam | néc quid agam # certúm | sit.</b></p> +<p><b>mémbra metū | dḗbilia | súnt, animus # timṓ|re</b></p> <p><b>óbstipuit, | péctore cōn|sístere nīl # cōnsi|lī́ quit,</b></p> </div> @@ -54087,10 +54077,10 @@ mentioned in 2652, a rule unknown to Greek writers of logaoedic verse.</p> -<h6><a name = "verse_ionic" id = "verse_ionic" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_ionic" href = "#pros_verse">IONIC RHYTHMS.</a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2708" id = "sec2708" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2708" href = "#verse_ionic">2708.</a></b> In these, the fundamental foot is the Ionic, of which there are two forms, the Ionic <i>ā māiōre</i> –́ –̇ ⏑ ⏑, so called @@ -54099,21 +54089,21 @@ and the Ionic <i>ā minōre</i> ⏑ ⏑ –́ –̇, which receives its name from the fact that it begins with the less important part of the foot (i.e. the arsis).</p> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2709" id = "sec2709" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2709" href = "#verse_ionic">2709.</a></b> (1.) Ionics <i>ā minōre</i> are often treated as Ionics <i>ā māiōre</i> with anacrusis, <span class = "locked">⏖ | –́ –̇ ⏖</span>, &c. See <a href = "#sec2529">2529</a> <i>ad fin</i>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page491" id = "page491"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page491"> 491</a></span> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2710" id = "sec2710" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2710" href = "#verse_ionic">2710.</a></b> (2.) Ionic verse shows numerous resolutions and irrational longs, especially in early Latin. The accumulation of short syllables imparts to the verse a wild and passionate character.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2711" id = "sec2711" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2711" href = "#verse_ionic">2711.</a></b> (3.) <i>Anaclăsis</i> (Gr. <span class = "greek" title = "anaklasis">ανακλασις</span>, “a bending back”) is an exchange of place @@ -54129,7 +54119,7 @@ and is very frequent in Ionic verse.</p> māiōre</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Tetrameter Catalectic</span> (or <i>Sotadean</i>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2712" id = "sec2712" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2712" href = "#verse_ionic">2712.</a></b> This verse consists of four Ionic <i>ā māiōre</i> feet, the last foot being incomplete. In the early Latin poets, beginning with Ennius, the @@ -54138,12 +54128,12 @@ Sotadean is treated with much freedom: resolution, contraction (<a href irrational longs are freely admitted. Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Nám quam varia | sínt genera po|ḗmatōrum, | Baébī,</b></p> -<p><b>quámque longē | dístinct(a) ali|(a) áb aliīs sīs, | nṓsce</b> +<p><b>Nám quam varia | sínt genera po|ḗmatōrum, | Baébī,</b></p> +<p><b>quámque longē | dístinct(a) ali|(a) áb aliīs sīs, | nṓsce</b> <span class = "author">(Accius, <i>Didasc</i>. p. 305 M.).</span></p> </div> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>–́ – ⏑ ⏑ ⏑</td> <td>–́ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑</td> @@ -54162,11 +54152,11 @@ irrational longs are freely admitted. Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "seiôn meli|ên Pêliada | dexion kat’ | ômon">σείων μελί|ην Πηλίαδα | δεξιὸν κατ’ | ὦμον</span> +title = "seiôn meli|ên Pêliada | dexion kat’ | ômon">σείων μελί|ην Πηλίαδα | δεξιὸν κατ’ | ὦμον</span> <span class = "author">(Sotades).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2713" id = "sec2713" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2713" href = "#verse_ionic">2713.</a></b> Later poets (Petronius, Martial, Terentianus Maurus) are more strict in their usage, admitting (with very few exceptions) only the forms @@ -54174,7 +54164,7 @@ their usage, admitting (with very few exceptions) only the forms –́ ⏑ – ⏑ besides the normal –́ – ⏑ ⏑. Hence their scheme is:—</p> -<table class = "metre"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>–́ – ⏑ ⏑</td> <td>–́ – ⏑ ⏑</td> @@ -54204,7 +54194,7 @@ their usage, admitting (with very few exceptions) only the forms <p class = "fourth">Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Móllēs, vete | rḗs Dēlia|cī́ manū re|cī́sī</b></p> +<p><b>Móllēs, vete | rḗs Dēlia|cī́ manū re|cī́sī</b></p> <p><b>péde tendite, | cúrs(um) addite, | cónvolāte | plántā</b> <span class = "author">(Petron. 23).</span></p> </div> @@ -54217,7 +54207,7 @@ systems of considerable length.</p> minōre</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Tetrameter Catalectic</span> (or <i>Galliambic</i>.)</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2714" id = "sec2714" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2714" href = "#verse_ionic">2714.</a></b> This consists of four Ionic <i>ā minōre</i> feet, the last one incomplete. <i>Anaclasis</i>, resolution, and contraction are extremely @@ -54230,7 +54220,7 @@ There is rarely more than one resolution in the same half-verse. A diaeresis regularly occurs after the second foot. The scheme is:—</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page492" id = "page492"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page492"> 492</a></span> <div class = "verse"> <p>⏕ @@ -54255,7 +54245,7 @@ height = "15" alt = "[stress over breve over bracketed double breve]"> <p class = "fourth">Examples are:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Ades, ínquit, | Ō Cybḗbē, ‖ fera mónti|um deá</b> +<p><b>Ades, ínquit, | Ō Cybḗbē, ‖ fera mónti|um deá</b> <span class = "author">(Maecenas).</span></p> </div> @@ -54275,7 +54265,7 @@ height = "15" alt = "[stress over breve over bracketed double breve]"> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Quō nṓs de|cet citā́tīs # celerā́re | tripudiī́s</b> +<p><b>Quō nṓs de|cet citā́tīs # celerā́re | tripudiī́s</b> <span class = "author">(<i>Id.</i> 63, 26).</span></p> </div> @@ -54285,7 +54275,7 @@ height = "15" alt = "[stress over breve over bracketed double breve]"> </div> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Ego iúvenis, | eg(o) adulḗscēns # eg(o) ephḗbus,| ego puér</b> +<p><b>Ego iúvenis, | eg(o) adulḗscēns # eg(o) ephḗbus,| ego puér</b> <span class = "author">(<i>Id.</i> 63, 63).</span></p> </div> @@ -54303,7 +54293,7 @@ height = "15" alt = "[stress over breve over bracketed double breve]"> ⏓́ ⌅</p> </div> -<p class = "fifth"><b><a name = "sec2715" id = "sec2715" href = +<p class = "fifth"><b><a id = "sec2715" href = "#verse_ionic">2715.</a></b> It has been suggested that Catullus probably <b>felt</b> the rhythm not as Ionic, but as trochaic or logaoedic:—</p> @@ -54328,13 +54318,13 @@ as Ionic, but as trochaic or logaoedic:—</p> <p class = "fifth">This view has much in its favour; but the true nature of the rhythm is still matter of dispute.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2716" id = "sec2716" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2716" href = "#verse_ionic">2716.</a></b> Compare the Greek:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p>Γαλλαὶ μη|τρὸς ὀρείης| φιλόθυρσοι| <span class = "greek" title = -"Gallai mē|tros oreiēs| philothursoi| dromades,">δρομάδες</span></p> +<p>Γαλλαὶ μη|τρὸς ὀρείης| φιλόθυρσοι| <span class = "greek" title = +"Gallai mē|tros oreiēs| philothursoi| dromades,">δρομάδες</span></p> </div> <p class = "fourth continue">and in English:—</p> @@ -54345,13 +54335,13 @@ Compare the Greek:—</p> <span class = "author">(Tennyson).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2717" id = "sec2717" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2717" href = "#verse_ionic">2717.</a></b> Horace (<a href = "#sec3">3</a>, <a href = "#sec12">12</a>) employs a system of ten pure Ionics <i>ā minōre</i>, e.g.:—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><b>Miserā́rum (e)st | nequ(e) amṓrī | dare lū́dum | neque +<p><b>Miserā́rum (e)st | nequ(e) amṓrī | dare lū́dum | neque dúlcī</b></p> <p><b>mala vīnō | laver(e) aút ex animā́rī</b></p> <p><b>metuéntīs | patruaé ver|bera línguae.</b></p> @@ -54360,21 +54350,21 @@ dúlcī</b></p> <p class = "fourth">There is generally a diaeresis after each foot.</p> -<h6 class = "topline"><a name = "verse_horace" id = "verse_horace" href +<h6 class = "topline"><a id = "verse_horace" href = "#pros_verse"><b>Lyric Metres of Horace.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "third"><b><a name = "sec2718" id = "sec2718" href = +<p class = "third"><b><a id = "sec2718" href = "#verse_horace">2718.</a></b> The following is a list of the Horatian lyric metres:—</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2719" id = "sec2719" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2719" href = "#verse_horace">2719.</a></b> (1.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Iambic Trimeter</span> (see <a href = "#sec2592">2592</a> ff.). <i>Epode</i> 17.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page493" id = "page493"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page493"> 493</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2720" id = "sec2720" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2720" href = "#verse_horace">2720.</a></b> (II.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Iambic Strophe</span>, an iambic trimeter (<a href = "#sec2592">2592</a>) followed by an iambic dimeter @@ -54391,13 +54381,13 @@ acatalectic (<a href = "#sec2617">2617</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "Ō Zeu pater, Zeu, son men ouranou kratos,">Ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, Ζεῦ, σὸν μὲν οὐρανοῦ κράτος,</span></p> +title = "Ō Zeu pater, Zeu, son men ouranou kratos,">Ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, Ζεῦ, σὸν μὲν οὐρανοῦ κράτος,</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" title = "su d’ erg’ ep’ anthrôpôn horas.">σὺ δ’ -ἔργ’ ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπων ὁρᾷς.</span> +ἔργ’ ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπων ὁρᾷς.</span> <span class = "author">(Fr. 88, Bergk).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2721" id = "sec2721" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2721" href = "#verse_horace">2721.</a></b> (III.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Hipponactean</span> or <span class = "smallcaps">Trochaic Strophe</span>, a trochaic dimeter catalectic (<a @@ -54410,7 +54400,7 @@ href = "#sec2644">2644</a>) followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic <span class = "author"><i>C.</i> 2, 18.</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2722" id = "sec2722" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2722" href = "#verse_horace">2722.</a></b> (IV.) The <span class = "smallcaps">First Pythiambic Strophe</span>, a dactylic hexameter (<a href = "#sec2556">2556</a>) followed by an iambic @@ -54418,7 +54408,7 @@ dimeter acatalectic (<a href = "#sec2617">2617</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p>–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | -–́ –</1> +–́ –</p> <p>⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ <span class = "author"><i>Epodes</i> 14 <i>and</i> 15.</span></p> </div> @@ -54428,12 +54418,12 @@ dimeter acatalectic (<a href = "#sec2617">2617</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" title = "apsuchos, chalepêsi theôn odunêsin hekêti">ἄψυχος, χαλεπῇσι θεῶν ὀδυνῇσιν ἕκητι</span></p> -<p><span class = "greek" title = "peparmenos di’ osteôn.">πεπαρμένος δι’ -ὀστέων.</span> +<p><span class = "greek" title = "peparmenos di’ osteôn.">πεπαρμένος δι’ +ὀστέων.</span> <span class = "author">(Fr. 84, Bergk).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2723" id = "sec2723" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2723" href = "#verse_horace">2723.</a></b> (V.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Second Pythiambic Strophe</span>, a dactylic hexameter (<a href = "#sec2556">2556</a>) followed by a pure @@ -54442,7 +54432,7 @@ iambic trimeter (<a href = "#sec2594">2594</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p>–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ <img src = "images/breve-bracket-long.png" width = "18" height = "15" -alt = "[breve over bracketed long]"> | –́ –</1> +alt = "[breve over bracketed long]"> | –́ –</p> <p>⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇ <span class = "author"><i>Epode</i> 16.</span></p> @@ -54452,13 +54442,13 @@ alt = "[breve over bracketed long]"> | –́ –</1> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "Oinos toi charienti pelei tachus hippos aoidô;">Οἶνός τοι χαρίεντι πέλει ταχὺς ἵππος ἀοιδῷ;</span></p> +title = "Oinos toi charienti pelei tachus hippos aoidô;">Οἶνός τοι χαρίεντι πέλει ταχὺς ἵππος ἀοιδῷ;</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "hudôr de pinôn ouden an tekoi sophon.">ὕδωρ δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν.</span> +title = "hudôr de pinôn ouden an tekoi sophon.">ὕδωρ δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν.</span> <span class = "author">(Nicaenetus).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2724" id = "sec2724" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2724" href = "#verse_horace">2724.</a></b> (VI.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Alcmanian Strophe</span>, a dactylic hexameter (<a href = "#sec2556">2556</a>) followed by a dactylic @@ -54467,14 +54457,14 @@ tetrameter catalectic (<a href = "#sec2578">2578</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p>–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔<img src = "images/breve-bracket-long.png" width = "18" height = "15" -alt = "[breve over bracketed long]"> | –́ –</1> +alt = "[breve over bracketed long]"> | –́ –</p> <p>–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔<img src = "images/breve-bracket-long.png" width = "18" height = "15" alt = "[breve over bracketed long]"> | –́ ⏑⌃ <span class = "author"><i>C</i>. 1, 7, 28; <i>Epode</i> 12.</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2725" id = "sec2725" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2725" href = "#verse_horace">2725.</a></b> (VII.) The <span class = "smallcaps">First Archilochian Strophe</span>, a dactylic hexameter (<a href = "#sec2556">2556</a>) followed by a @@ -54482,12 +54472,12 @@ Lesser Archilochian (<a href = "#sec2579">2579</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p>–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ -–</1> +–</p> <p>–́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅ <span class = "author"><i>C.</i> 4, 7.</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2726" id = "sec2726" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2726" href = "#verse_horace">2726.</a></b> (VIII.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Second Archilochian Strophe</span>, a dactylic hexameter (<a href = "#sec2556">2556</a>) @@ -54495,15 +54485,15 @@ followed by an iambelegus (<a href = "#sec2678">2678</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p>–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | -–́ –</1> +–́ –</p> <p>⏑͐⁞–́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑͐ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃ # –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅ <span class = "author"><i>Epode</i> 13.</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page494" id = "page494"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page494"> 494</a></span> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2727" id = "sec2727" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2727" href = "#verse_horace">2727.</a></b> (IX.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Third Archilochian Strophe</span>, an iambic trimeter (<a href = "#sec2592">2592</a>) followed by an @@ -54522,11 +54512,11 @@ trimeter is lost):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "alla m’ ho lusimelês, ô ‘taire, damnatai pothos.">ἀλλά μ’ ὁ λυσιμελής, ὦ ’ταῖρε, δάμναται -πόθος.</span></p> +title = "alla m’ ho lusimelês, ô ‘taire, damnatai pothos.">ἀλλά μ’ ὁ λυσιμελής, ὦ ’ταῖρε, δάμναται +πόθος.</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2728" id = "sec2728" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2728" href = "#verse_horace">2728.</a></b> (X.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Fourth Archilochian Strophe</span>, a Greater Archilochian (<a href = "#sec2677">2677</a>) followed by an @@ -54543,16 +54533,16 @@ iambic trimeter catalectic (<a href = "#sec2601">2601</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "toios gar philotêtos erôs hupo kardiên elustheis">τοῖος γὰρ φιλότητος ἔρως ὑπὸ καρδίην ελυσθεὶς</span></p> +title = "toios gar philotêtos erôs hupo kardiên elustheis">τοῖος γὰρ φιλότητος ἔρως ὑπὸ καρδίην ελυσθεὶς</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "pollên kat’ achlun ommatôn echeuen">πολλὴν κατ’ ἀχλὺν ὀμμάτων ἔχευεν</span> +title = "pollên kat’ achlun ommatôn echeuen">πολλὴν κατ’ ἀχλὺν ὀμμάτων ἔχευεν</span> <span class = "author">(Fr. 103, Bergk).</span></p> </div> <p class = "fourth">See, however, <a href = "#sec2677">2677</a> <i>ad fin.</i></p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2729" id = "sec2729" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2729" href = "#verse_horace">2729.</a></b> (XI.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Lesser Asclepiadean Metre</span>, a series of Lesser Asclepiadeans (<a href = "#sec2669">2669</a>) employed @@ -54568,13 +54558,13 @@ stichically (<a href = "#sec2546">2546</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "êlthes ek peratôn gas elephantinan">ἦλθες ἐκ περάτων γᾶς ἐλεφαντίναν</span></p> +title = "êlthes ek peratôn gas elephantinan">ἦλθες ἐκ περάτων γᾶς ἐλεφαντίναν</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "laban tô xipheos chrusodetan echôn">λάβαν τῶ ξίφεος χρυσοδέταν ἔχων</span> +title = "laban tô xipheos chrusodetan echôn">λάβαν τῶ ξίφεος χρυσοδέταν ἔχων</span> <span class = "author">(Fr. 33, Bergk).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2730" id = "sec2730" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2730" href = "#verse_horace">2730.</a></b> (XII.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Greater Asclepiadean Metre</span>, a series of Greater Asclepiadeans (<a href = "#sec2670">2670</a>) @@ -54590,7 +54580,7 @@ employed stichically (<a href = "#sec2546">2546</a>):—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "mêden allo phuteusê|s proteron dendrion ampelô">μηδὲν ἄλλο φυτεύσῃς πρότερον δένδριον ἀμπέλω</span> +title = "mêden allo phuteusê|s proteron dendrion ampelô">μηδὲν ἄλλο φυτεύσῃς πρότερον δένδριον ἀμπέλω</span> <span class = "author">(Fr. 44, Bergk).</span></p> </div> @@ -54602,7 +54592,7 @@ to use the Greater Asclepiadean by distichs, and so apparently Sappho (fr. 69, Bergk). But as to these points there is still much dispute.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2731" id = "sec2731" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2731" href = "#verse_horace">2731.</a></b> (XIII.) The <span class = "smallcaps">First Asclepiadean Strophe</span>, a Glyconic (<a href = "#sec2660">2660</a>) followed by a Lesser @@ -54616,22 +54606,22 @@ Asclepiadean (<a href = "#sec2669">2669</a>):—</p> 28; 4, 1, 3.</span></p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page495" id = "page495"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page495"> 495</a></span> <p class = "fourth">Cf. Alcaeus:—</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" title = "nun d’ [aut’] outos epikretei">νῦν δ’ -[αὖτ’] οὗτος ἐπικρέτει</span></p> +[αὖτ’] οὗτος ἐπικρέτει</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "kinêsais ton ap’ iras pumaton lithon.">κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ’ ἴρας πύματον λίθον.</span> +title = "kinêsais ton ap’ iras pumaton lithon.">κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ’ ἴρας πύματον λίθον.</span> <span class = "author">(Fr. 82, Bergk).</span></p> </div> <p class = "fifth">In one instance, <i>C.</i> 4, 1, 35, elision occurs at the end of the Glyconic.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2732" id = "sec2732" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2732" href = "#verse_horace">2732.</a></b> (XIV.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Second Asclepiadean Strophe</span>, three Lesser Asclepiadeans (<a href = "#sec2669">2669</a>) followed by a @@ -54649,7 +54639,7 @@ Glyconic (<a href = "#sec2660">2660</a>):—</p> 5, 12.</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2733" id = "sec2733" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2733" href = "#verse_horace">2733.</a></b> (XV.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Third Asclepiadean Strophe</span>, two Lesser Asclepiadeans (<a href = "#sec2669">2669</a>), @@ -54672,14 +54662,14 @@ apparently two Lesser Asclepiadeans preceded, but they are lost):—</p> <div class = "verse"> -<p><span class = "greek" title = "latages poteontai">λάταγες -ποτέονται</span></p> +<p><span class = "greek" title = "latages poteontai">λάταγες +ποτέονται</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" title = "kulichnan apo Têïan.">κυλιχνᾶν ἄπο -Τηΐαν.</span> +Τηΐαν.</span> <span class = "author">(Fr. 43, Bergk).</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2734" id = "sec2734" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2734" href = "#verse_horace">2734.</a></b> (XVI.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Greater Sapphic Strophe</span>, an Aristophanic (<a href = "#sec2658">2658</a>) followed by a Greater @@ -54692,7 +54682,7 @@ Sapphic (<a href = "#sec2671">2671</a>):—</p> 8.</span></p> </div> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2735" id = "sec2735" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2735" href = "#verse_horace">2735.</a></b> (XVII). The <span class = "smallcaps">Sapphic Strophe</span>, three Lesser Sapphics (<a href = "#sec2666">2666</a>) and an Adonic (<a href = @@ -54716,19 +54706,19 @@ Saeculare</i>. Also in Catullus 11 and 51.</p> <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "phainetai moi kênos isos theoisin">φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισιν</span></p> +title = "phainetai moi kênos isos theoisin">φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισιν</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" title = "emmen ôner ostis enantios toi">ἔμμεν -ὤνερ ὄστις ἐναντίος τοι</span></p> -<p><span class = "greek" title = "izanei kai plasion adu phôneu-">ἰζάνει -καὶ πλασίον ἆδυ φωνεύ-</span></p> -<p><span class = "greek" title = "sas hupakouei">σας ὑπακούει</span> +ὤνερ ὄστις ἐναντίος τοι</span></p> +<p><span class = "greek" title = "izanei kai plasion adu phôneu-">ἰζάνει +καὶ πλασίον ἆδυ φωνεύ-</span></p> +<p><span class = "greek" title = "sas hupakouei">σας ὑπακούει</span> <span class = "author">(Fr. 2, Bergk).</span></p> </div> <!-- the accents seem a bit wayward: a mixture of recessive Aeolic accents and standard Greek --> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page496" id = "page496"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page496"> 496</a></span> <p class = "fifth">Sappho apparently treated the third Sapphic and the Adonic as continuous; but Horace and Catullus allow <i>syllaba @@ -54742,7 +54732,7 @@ in a few instances the second to the third (Hor, 2, 2, 18; 16, 34; 4, 2, "#sec2510">2510</a>). In Horace, the last foot of the third line is nearly always an irrational spondee.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2736" id = "sec2736" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2736" href = "#verse_horace">2736.</a></b> (XVIII.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Alcaic Strophe</span>, two Greater Alcaics (<a href = "#sec2667">2667</a>), a nine-syllabled @@ -54766,14 +54756,14 @@ Alcaic (<a href = "#sec2642">2642</a>) and a Lesser Alcaic (<a href = <div class = "verse"> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "Asunetêmi tôn anemôn stasin;">Ἀσυνέτημι τῶν ἀνέμων στάσιν·</span></p> +title = "Asunetêmi tôn anemôn stasin;">Ἀσυνέτημι τῶν ἀνέμων στάσιν·</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" title = "to men gar enthen kuma kulindetai,">τὸ -μὲν γὰρ ἔνθεν κῦμα κυλίνδεται,</span></p> +μὲν γὰρ ἔνθεν κῦμα κυλίνδεται,</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" -title = "to d’ enthen; ammes d’ an to messon">τὸ δ’ ἔνθεν· ἄμμες δ’ <ins class = "correction" -title = "text reads ‘ἀν’ without accent">ἂν</ins> τὸ μέσσον</span></p> +title = "to d’ enthen; ammes d’ an to messon">τὸ δ’ ἔνθεν· ἄμμες δ’ <ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads ‘ἀν’ without accent">ἂν</ins> τὸ μέσσον</span></p> <p><span class = "greek" title = "nai phorēmetha sun melaina.">νᾶϊ -φορήμεθα σὺν μελαίνᾳ.</span> +φορήμεθα σὺν μελαίνᾳ.</span> <span class = "author">(Fr. 18, Bergk).</span></p> </div> @@ -54782,7 +54772,7 @@ joined by <i>synapheia</i> (<a href = "#sec2510">2510</a>), and Horace has elision at the end of the third verse in 2, 3, 27; 3, 29, 35. But he frequently admits hiatus in that place.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2737" id = "sec2737" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2737" href = "#verse_horace">2737.</a></b> (XIX.) The <span class = "smallcaps">Ionic System</span>, a system of ten pure Ionics <i>ā minōre</i> (see <a href = @@ -54790,18 +54780,18 @@ ten pure Ionics <i>ā minōre</i> (see <a href = <div class = "verse"> <p>⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ -–́ –</1> +–́ –</p> <p>⏖ –́ – | ⏖ – – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –</p> -<p>⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –</1> +<p>⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –</p> <p class = "author"><i>C.</i> 3, 12.</p> </div> -<h6><a name = "verse_catullus" id = "verse_catullus" href = +<h6><a id = "verse_catullus" href = "#pros_verse"><b>Lyric Strophes of Catullus.</b></a></h6> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2738" id = "sec2738" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2738" href = "#verse_catullus">2738.</a></b> Catullus in 34 uses a strophe consisting of three Glyconics (<a href = "#sec2660">2660</a>) followed by a Pherecratean (<a href = @@ -54826,17 +54816,17 @@ Catullus in 34 uses a strophe consisting of three Glyconics (<a href = <i>four</i> Glyconics followed by a Pherecratean.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page497" id = "page497"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page497"> 497</a></span> -<h4><b><a name = "sec2739" id = "sec2739" href = "#pros_verse">2739.</a> +<h4><b><a id = "sec2739" href = "#pros_verse">2739.</a> Index of Horatian Odes and their Metres.</b></h4> <p class = "fourth">The Roman numerals in the table refer to the numbers assigned to the various strophes in 2719-2737.</p> <div> -<table class = "fullbox horace"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th class = "smallcaps">Book.</th> <th class = "smallcaps">Ode.</th> @@ -55134,7 +55124,7 @@ assigned to the various strophes in 2719-2737.</p> </tr> </table> -<table class = "fullbox horace"> +<table style=";"> <tr> <th class = "smallcaps">Book.</th> <th class = "smallcaps">Ode.</th> @@ -55389,28 +55379,28 @@ assigned to the various strophes in 2719-2737.</p> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page498" id = "page498"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page498"> 498</a></span> -<h4 class = "smallcaps"><a name = "abbrev" id = "abbrev" href = +<h4 class = "smallcaps"><a id = "abbrev" href = "#appendix">Abbreviations used in Citing the Authors.</a></h4> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2740" id = "sec2740" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2740" href = "#abbrev">2740.</a></b> In Part First, in which authors are occasionally cited, but without direct reference to their works, the usual abbreviations are employed: as Plaut., Ter., Cic., Verg., Hor., &c., &c.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2741" id = "sec2741" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2741" href = "#abbrev">2741.</a></b> In Part Second, the principles adopted are as follows:</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2742" id = "sec2742" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2742" href = "#abbrev">2742.</a></b> (1.) A reference consisting of figures alone (as, 2, 2, 3), denotes book, chapter, and section of Caesar <i>de Bello Gallico</i>.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2743" id = "sec2743" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2743" href = "#abbrev">2743.</a></b> (2.) A reference to a work (in italics), without a preceding abbreviation for the author’s name (as, <i>TD.</i> 1, 2; @@ -55418,14 +55408,14 @@ abbreviation for the author’s name (as, <i>TD.</i> 1, 2; of a work by Cicero. The abbreviations used to denote his works are given in the list below (<a href = "#sec2745">2745</a>).</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2744" id = "sec2744" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2744" href = "#abbrev">2744.</a></b> (3.) A reference made to Vergil (V.), followed by figures alone, is a reference to the <i>Aeneid</i>: as, V. 1, 20. Similarly, H. stands alone for the <i>Odes</i> of Horace; O. alone for the <i>Metamorphoses</i> of Ovid; and Ta. alone for the <i>Annals</i> of Tacitus.</p> -<p class = "fourth"><b><a name = "sec2745" id = "sec2745" href = +<p class = "fourth"><b><a id = "sec2745" href = "#abbrev">2745.</a></b> (4.) Roman letters are used in the abbreviations of the names of authors, <i>italics</i> in the abbreviations of the names of their @@ -55435,7 +55425,7 @@ works, as in the following List:—</p> <p class = "header smallcaps">List of Abbreviations.</p> <div> -<table class = "fullbox authors"> +<table style=";"> <tr class = "smaller"> <th>Abbreviations.</th> <th>Authors and Works.</th> @@ -55639,7 +55629,7 @@ Prōvinciīs Cōnsulāribus.</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page499" id = "page499"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page499"> 499</a></span> <i>RC.</i></td> <td><i>prō Rōsciō Cōmoedō.</i></td> @@ -55750,7 +55740,7 @@ Prōvinciīs Cōnsulāribus.</i></td> </tr> </table> -<table class = "fullbox authors"> +<table style=";"> <tr class = "smaller"> <th>Abbreviations.</th> <th>Authors and Works.</th> @@ -56047,7 +56037,7 @@ Prōvinciīs Cōnsulāribus.</i></td> </div> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page500" id = "page500"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page500"> 500</a></span> </div> @@ -56056,10 +56046,10 @@ Prōvinciīs Cōnsulāribus.</i></td> <div class = "index subjects"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page501" id = "page501"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page501"> 501</a></span> -<h2><a name = "index_subject" id = "index_subject">INDEX OF +<h2><a id = "index_subject">INDEX OF SUBJECTS.</a></h2> <p class = "three">THE REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.</p> @@ -56091,10 +56081,10 @@ SUBJECTS.</a></h2> <a href = "#subj_y"> Y </a> </p> -<h3><a name = "subj_a" id = "subj_a" href = "#index_subject">A</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_a" href = "#index_subject">A</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_abbreviations" id = "subj_abbreviations" href = +<b><a id = "subj_abbreviations" href = "#subj_a">Abbreviations</a></b>,</p> <p><b>C.</b> for <b>Gāius</b>, <a href = "#sec20">20</a>;</p> <p><b>Cn.</b> for <b>Gnaeus</b>, <a href = "#sec20">20</a>;</p> @@ -56102,7 +56092,7 @@ SUBJECTS.</a></h2> <p><b>K.</b> for <b>Kalendae</b>, <a href = "#sec20">20</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ability" id = "subj_ability" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ability" href = "#subj_a">Ability</a></b>,</p> <p>verbal expressions of, in indic. with infin., <a href = "#sec1495">1495</a>, @@ -56114,7 +56104,7 @@ SUBJECTS.</a></h2> "#sec2254">2254</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ablative" id = "subj_ablative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ablative" href = "#subj_a">Ablative case</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec419">419</a>;</p> <p>sing., how formed, <a href = "#sec425">425</a>, @@ -56289,7 +56279,7 @@ Locative ablative, <a href = "#sec1299">1299</a>, <p class = "section"> Instrumental ablative <a href = "#sec1300">1300</a>, <a href = "#sec1356">1356-1399</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page502" id = "page502"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page502"> 502</a></span> <p>of accompaniment, <a href = "#sec1356">1356</a>, <a href = "#sec1357">1357</a>;</p> @@ -56342,7 +56332,7 @@ Combined with other abls. in same sentence, <a href = <a href = "#sec2277">2277</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_abounding" id = "subj_abounding" href = +<b><a id = "subj_abounding" href = "#subj_a">Abounding</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1386">1386</a>;</p> @@ -56351,13 +56341,13 @@ Combined with other abls. in same sentence, <a href = <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1387">1387</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_abridgement" id = "subj_abridgement" href = +<b><a id = "subj_abridgement" href = "#subj_a">Abridgement</a></b>,</p> <p>of sentences, <a href = "#sec1057">1057</a>, <a href = "#sec2111">2111</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_abstaining" id = "subj_abstaining" href = +<b><a id = "subj_abstaining" href = "#subj_a">Abstaining</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1294">1294</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1302">1302-1306</a>, @@ -56365,7 +56355,7 @@ Combined with other abls. in same sentence, <a href = <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_abstract" id = "subj_abstract" href = +<b><a id = "subj_abstract" href = "#subj_a">Abstract</a></b>,</p> <p>substs., defined, <a href = "#sec7">7</a>;</p> <p>plur. of, <a href = "#sec416">416</a>, @@ -56380,12 +56370,12 @@ Combined with other abls. in same sentence, <a href = "#sec1800">1800</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_acatalectic" id = "subj_acatalectic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_acatalectic" href = "#subj_a">Acatalectic verse</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2537">2537</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_accent" id = "subj_accent" href = +<b><a id = "subj_accent" href = "#subj_a">Accent</a></b>,</p> <p>general rules of, <a href = "#sec84">84-91</a>;</p> <p>in gen. and voc. of <b>-o-</b> decl., <a href = "#sec87">87</a>;</p> @@ -56400,20 +56390,20 @@ Combined with other abls. in same sentence, <a href = <p>in verse, <a href = "#sec2548">2548</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_accentual" id = "subj_accentual" href = +<b><a id = "subj_accentual" href = "#subj_a">Accentual</a></b>,</p> <p>verse, <a href = "#sec2548">2548</a>;</p> <p>verse, in <b>carmina</b>, <a href = "#sec2549">2549</a>;</p> <p>theory of the Saturnian, <a href = "#sec2553">2553</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_accompaniment" id = "subj_accompaniment" href = +<b><a id = "subj_accompaniment" href = "#subj_a">Accompaniment</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1356">1356</a>, <a href = "#sec1357">1357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_accomplishing" id = "subj_accomplishing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_accomplishing" href = "#subj_a">Accomplishing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <a href = "#sec1712">1712</a>;</p> @@ -56423,7 +56413,7 @@ Combined with other abls. in same sentence, <a href = <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2196">2196</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_accusative" id = "subj_accusative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_accusative" href = "#subj_a">Accusative case</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec419">419</a>;</p> <p>sing., of neut. nouns, how formed, <a href = "#sec423">423</a>;</p> @@ -56532,7 +56522,7 @@ Of space and time, <a href = "#sec1151">1151-1156</a>, <p>with verbs of rest, <a href = "#sec1424">1424</a>;</p> <p>with names of towns, islands, peninsulas, <a href = "#sec1157">1157-1160</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page503" id = "page503"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page503"> 503</a></span> <p>with names of countries, <a href = "#sec1161">1161</a>;</p> <p>with appellatives, <a href = "#sec1159">1159</a>, @@ -56612,7 +56602,7 @@ With infin., <a href = "#sec1134">1134</a>, <p>following supine in <b>-um</b>, <a href = "#sec2272">2272</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_accusing" id = "subj_accusing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_accusing" href = "#subj_a">Accusing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1172">1172</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>;</p> @@ -56622,14 +56612,14 @@ With infin., <a href = "#sec1134">1134</a>, <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2185">2185</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_acquitting" id = "subj_acquitting" href = +<b><a id = "subj_acquitting" href = "#subj_a">Acquitting</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1172">1172</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_action" id = "subj_action" href = +<b><a id = "subj_action" href = "#subj_a">Action</a></b>,</p> <p>suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec212">212-237</a>, <a href = "#sec249">249</a>, @@ -56670,7 +56660,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_present_tense">Present</a></b>, &c.;</p> <p>continued, see <b><a href = "#subj_continued">Continued</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_active" id = "subj_active" href = "#subj_a">Active +<b><a id = "subj_active" href = "#subj_a">Active voice</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec723">723</a>, <a href = "#sec1469">1469</a>;</p> @@ -56685,7 +56675,7 @@ voice</a></b>,</p> <p>changed to pass., <a href = "#sec1472">1472-1480</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_adjectives" id = "subj_adjectives" href = +<b><a id = "subj_adjectives" href = "#subj_a">Adjectives</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec8">8</a>;</p> <p>iambic shortening of the endings of, <a href = "#sec129">129</a>, @@ -56751,7 +56741,7 @@ Agreement of, <a href = "#sec1082">1082-1098</a>;</p> "#sec1167">1167</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1183">1183</a>, <a href = "#sec1200">1200-1204</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page504" id = "page504"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page504"> 504</a></span> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and prep., <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>;</p> @@ -56793,28 +56783,28 @@ Agreement of, <a href = "#sec1082">1082-1098</a>;</p> adjectives</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_adjunct" id = "subj_adjunct" href = +<b><a id = "subj_adjunct" href = "#subj_a">Adjunct</a></b>,</p> <p>adverbial, defined, <a href = "#sec1053">1053</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_admiring" id = "subj_admiring" href = +<b><a id = "subj_admiring" href = "#subj_a">Admiring</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1286">1286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_adonic" id = "subj_adonic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_adonic" href = "#subj_a">Adonic</a></b>,</p> <p>the, <a href = "#sec2655">2655-2657</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_advantage" id = "subj_advantage" href = +<b><a id = "subj_advantage" href = "#subj_a">Advantage</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, <a href = "#sec1178">1178</a>, <a href = "#sec1205">1205-1210</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_adverbial" id = "subj_adverbial" href = +<b><a id = "subj_adverbial" href = "#subj_a">Adverbial</a></b>,</p> <p>adjunct, defined, <a href = "#sec1053">1053</a>;</p> <p>acc., <a href = "#sec1140">1140-1146</a>;</p> @@ -56822,7 +56812,7 @@ adjectives</a></b>.</p> "#sec1358">1358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_adverbs" id = "subj_adverbs" href = +<b><a id = "subj_adverbs" href = "#subj_a">Adverbs</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec10">10</a>, <a href = "#sec696">696</a>;</p> @@ -56905,20 +56895,20 @@ With gen., <a href = "#sec1242">1242</a>, "#sec2414">2414</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_adversative" id = "subj_adversative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_adversative" href = "#subj_a">Adversative</a></b>,</p> <p>words, use of, <a href = "#sec1676">1676-1686</a>, <a href = "#sec2131">2131</a>, <a href = "#sec2150">2150-2153</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_advising" id = "subj_advising" href = +<b><a id = "subj_advising" href = "#subj_a">Advising</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_affirmative" id = "subj_affirmative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_affirmative" href = "#subj_a">Affirmative</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by two negatives, <a href = "#sec1452">1452</a>;</p> <p>answer, expected with <b>-ne</b>, <b>-n</b>, <a href = @@ -56936,13 +56926,13 @@ With gen., <a href = "#sec1242">1242</a>, <b>uterlibet</b> in, <a href = "#sec2401">2401</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_agent" id = "subj_agent" href = +<b><a id = "subj_agent" href = "#subj_a">Agent</a></b>,</p> <p>suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec204">204-211</a>;</p> <p>of action, see <b><a href = "#subj_doer">Doer</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_agreement" id = "subj_agreement" href = +<b><a id = "subj_agreement" href = "#subj_a">Agreement</a></b>,</p> <p>of subst., <a href = "#sec1077">1077-1081</a>;</p> <p>of mobile substs., <a href = "#sec1078">1078</a>;</p> @@ -56981,7 +56971,7 @@ Of verb, <a href = "#sec1062">1062-1076</a>, <a href = "#sec1067">1067</a>;</p> <p>with mixed subjs., sing. and plur., <a href = "#sec1068">1068</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page505" id = "page505"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page505"> 505</a></span> <p>with sing. subj. and abl. with <b>cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1069">1069</a>;</p> @@ -57011,7 +57001,7 @@ Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., <a href = <p>in agreement, equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_aim" id = "subj_aim" href = +<b><a id = "subj_aim" href = "#subj_a">Aim</a></b>,</p> <p>of motion, denoted by acc., <a href = "#sec1157">1157-1166</a>;</p> <p>of motion, acc. of, combined with a second acc., <a href = @@ -57019,7 +57009,7 @@ Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., <a href = <p>verbs of, with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1949">1949</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_alcaic" id = "subj_alcaic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_alcaic" href = "#subj_a">Alcaic</a></b>,</p> <p>strophe, <a href = "#sec2545">2545</a>;</p> <p>the nine-syllabled, <a href = "#sec2642">2642</a>;</p> @@ -57029,13 +57019,13 @@ Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., <a href = <p>in Horace, <a href = "#sec2736">2736</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_alcmanian" id = "subj_alcmanian" href = +<b><a id = "subj_alcmanian" href = "#subj_a">Alcmanian</a></b>,</p> <p>verse, <a href = "#sec2577">2577</a>;</p> <p>strophe, <a href = "#sec2724">2724</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_alphabet" id = "subj_alphabet" href = +<b><a id = "subj_alphabet" href = "#subj_a">Alphabet</a></b>,</p> <p>treated, <a href = "#sec16">16-29</a>;</p> <p>source of, <a href = "#sec18">18</a>;</p> @@ -57047,31 +57037,31 @@ Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., <a href = <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_amphibrach" id = "subj_amphibrach" href = +<b><a id = "subj_amphibrach" href = "#subj_a">Amphibrach</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_anaclasis" id = "subj_anaclasis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_anaclasis" href = "#subj_a">Anaclasis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2711">2711</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_anacrusis" id = "subj_anacrusis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_anacrusis" href = "#subj_a">Anacrusis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2529">2529</a>, <a href = "#sec2530">2530</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_analogical" id = "subj_analogical" href = +<b><a id = "subj_analogical" href = "#subj_a">Analogical lengthening</a></b>, <a href = "#sec123">123</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_anapaest" id = "subj_anapaest" href = +<b><a id = "subj_anapaest" href = "#subj_a">Anapaest</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>;</p> <p>cyclic, <a href = "#sec2523">2523</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_anapaestic" id = "subj_anapaestic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_anapaestic" href = "#subj_a">Anapaestic</a></b>,</p> <p>rhythms, <a href = "#sec2682">2682-2690</a>;</p> <p>tetrameter acatalectic, <a href = "#sec2684">2684</a>, @@ -57082,20 +57072,20 @@ Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., <a href = <a href = "#sec2689">2689</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_anaphora" id = "subj_anaphora" href = +<b><a id = "subj_anaphora" href = "#subj_a">Anaphora</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1692">1692</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_anaptyctical" id = "subj_anaptyctical" href = +<b><a id = "subj_anaptyctical" href = "#subj_a">Anaptyctical vowel</a></b>, <a href = "#sec172">172</a>; <a href = "#sec111">111, <i>b</i></a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_annalistic" id = "subj_annalistic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_annalistic" href = "#subj_a">Annalistic present</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1591">1591</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_answers" id = "subj_answers" href = +<b><a id = "subj_answers" href = "#subj_a">Answers</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of expected, <a href = "#sec1504">1504-1510</a>, <a href = "#sec1563">1563</a>;</p> @@ -57104,7 +57094,7 @@ Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., <a href = "#sec1525">1525</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_antecedent" id = "subj_antecedent" href = +<b><a id = "subj_antecedent" href = "#subj_a">Antecedent</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1796">1796</a>;</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1796">1796-1798</a>;</p> @@ -57117,49 +57107,49 @@ Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., <a href = <p>see also <b><a href = "#subj_relative_pronouns">Relative</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_antepenult" id = "subj_antepenult" href = +<b><a id = "subj_antepenult" href = "#subj_a">Antepenult</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec175">175</a>;</p> <p>when accented, <a href = "#sec86_2">86, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_antibacchius" id = "subj_antibacchius" href = +<b><a id = "subj_antibacchius" href = "#subj_a">Antibacchius</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_antispast" id = "subj_antispast" href = +<b><a id = "subj_antispast" href = "#subj_a">Antispast</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_antitheses" id = "subj_antitheses" href = +<b><a id = "subj_antitheses" href = "#subj_a">Antitheses</a></b>,</p> <p>asyndeton in, <a href = "#sec1640">1640</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_anxiety" id = "subj_anxiety" href = +<b><a id = "subj_anxiety" href = "#subj_a">Anxiety</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, with <b>ut</b>, <b>nē</b> clauses, <a href = "#sec1957">1957</a>, <a href = "#sec1958">1958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_apex" id = "subj_apex" href = "#subj_a">Apex</a></b>, +<b><a id = "subj_apex" href = "#subj_a">Apex</a></b>, <a href = "#sec29_3">29, 3</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_aphaeresis" id = "subj_aphaeresis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_aphaeresis" href = "#subj_a">Aphaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec110">110</a>, <a href = "#sec112">112</a>, <a href = "#sec168">168</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_apocope" id = "subj_apocope" href = +<b><a id = "subj_apocope" href = "#subj_a">Apocope</a></b>, <a href = "#sec110">110</a>, <a href = "#sec113">113</a>, <a href = "#sec168">168</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_apodosis" id = "subj_apodosis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_apodosis" href = "#subj_a">Apodosis</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1061">1061</a>;</p> <p>fut. perf. in, coincident in time with fut. perf. in prot., <a href = @@ -57173,7 +57163,7 @@ Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., <a href = <b><a href = "#subj_conjunctive">Conjunctive</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_appeal" id = "subj_appeal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_appeal" href = "#subj_a">Appeal</a></b>,</p> <p>questions of, in pres. indic., <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>;</p> <p>in fut., <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>, @@ -57189,7 +57179,7 @@ Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., <a href = Accusative in, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_appellatives" id = "subj_appellatives" href = +<b><a id = "subj_appellatives" href = "#subj_a">Appellatives</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec5">5</a>;</p> <p>in acc. with expressions of motion, <a href = @@ -57201,12 +57191,12 @@ Accusative in, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>.</p> "#sec1347">1347</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_appointing" id = "subj_appointing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_appointing" href = "#subj_a">Appointing</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_making">Making</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_appositive" id = "subj_appositive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_appositive" href = "#subj_a">Appositive</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1045">1045</a>;</p> <p>verb agreeing with, <a href = "#sec1072">1072</a>;</p> @@ -57227,12 +57217,12 @@ Accusative in, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>.</p> <p>appositive partic., <a href = "#sec2293">2293-2296</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_appurtenance" id = "subj_appurtenance" href = +<b><a id = "subj_appurtenance" href = "#subj_a">Appurtenance</a></b>,</p> <p>adj. suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec302">302-330</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_archilochian" id = "subj_archilochian" href = +<b><a id = "subj_archilochian" href = "#subj_a">Archilochian</a></b>,</p> <p>verse, <a href = "#sec2578">2578-2580</a>;</p> <p>the lesser, <a href = "#sec2579">2579</a>;</p> @@ -57240,28 +57230,28 @@ Accusative in, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>.</p> <p>strophe, in Horace, <a href = "#sec2725">2725-2728</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_aristophanic" id = "subj_aristophanic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_aristophanic" href = "#subj_a">Aristophanic</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2658">2658</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_arsis" id = "subj_arsis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_arsis" href = "#subj_a">Arsis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2520">2520</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ascending" id = "subj_ascending" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ascending" href = "#subj_a">Ascending rhythms</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2528">2528</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_asclepiadean" id = "subj_asclepiadean" href = +<b><a id = "subj_asclepiadean" href = "#subj_a">Asclepiadean</a></b>,</p> <p>the lesser, <a href = "#sec2669">2669</a>;</p> <p>the greater, <a href = "#sec2670">2670</a>;</p> <p>in Horace, <a href = "#sec2729">2729-2733</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page506" id = "page506"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page506"> 506</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_asking" id = "subj_asking" href = +<b><a id = "subj_asking" href = "#subj_a">Asking</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1169">1169-1171</a>;</p> @@ -57271,7 +57261,7 @@ Accusative in, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>.</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_asseverations" id = "subj_asseverations" href = +<b><a id = "subj_asseverations" href = "#subj_a">Asseverations</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. subjv. in, <a href = "#sec1542">1542</a>;</p> <p>fut. in, <a href = "#sec1622">1622</a>;</p> @@ -57281,7 +57271,7 @@ Accusative in, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>.</p> <p>expressed by <b>nam</b>, <a href = "#sec2155">2155</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_assimilation" id = "subj_assimilation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_assimilation" href = "#subj_a">Assimilation</a></b>,</p> <p>of vowels, <a href = "#sec144">144</a>;</p> <p>of consonants, <a href = "#sec163">163-166</a>;</p> @@ -57290,35 +57280,35 @@ Accusative in, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>.</p> "#sec1770">1770-1772</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_assumption" id = "subj_assumption" href = +<b><a id = "subj_assumption" href = "#subj_a">Assumption</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by subjv. of desire, <a href = "#sec1553">1553</a>;</p> <p>expressed by fut., <a href = "#sec1620">1620</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_asynartetic" id = "subj_asynartetic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_asynartetic" href = "#subj_a">Asynartetic verses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_asyndetic" id = "subj_asyndetic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_asyndetic" href = "#subj_a">Asyndetic</a></b>,</p> <p>coordination, defined, <a href = "#sec1637">1637</a>;</p> <p>in simple sentences, <a href = "#sec1638">1638-1642</a>;</p> <p>between sentences or periods, <a href = "#sec2123">2123-2127</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_asyndeton" id = "subj_asyndeton" href = +<b><a id = "subj_asyndeton" href = "#subj_a">Asyndeton</a></b>,</p> <p>enumerative, <a href = "#sec2126">2126</a>;</p> <p>of summary, <a href = "#sec2127">2127</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_asyndetic">Asyndetic</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_atonic" id = "subj_atonic" href = "#subj_a">Atonic +<b><a id = "subj_atonic" href = "#subj_a">Atonic syllable</a></b>, <a href = "#sec102">102</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_attraction" id = "subj_attraction" href = +<b><a id = "subj_attraction" href = "#subj_a">Attraction</a></b>,</p> <p>of verb, subst., adj., pron., partic., see <b><a href = "#subj_agreement">Agreement</a></b>,</p> @@ -57334,7 +57324,7 @@ syllable</a></b>, <a href = "#sec102">102</a>.</p> = "#sec1994">1994</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_attribute" id = "subj_attribute" href = +<b><a id = "subj_attribute" href = "#subj_a">Attribute</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1039">1039</a>;</p> <p>kinds of, <a href = "#sec1040">1040-1043</a>;</p> @@ -57344,7 +57334,7 @@ syllable</a></b>, <a href = "#sec102">102</a>.</p> <p>with <b>domum</b>, <b>domōs</b>, <a href = "#sec1164">1164</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_attributive" id = "subj_attributive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_attributive" href = "#subj_a">Attributive</a></b>,</p> <p>subst., agreement of, <a href = "#sec1077">1077-1081</a>;</p> <p>adj., agreement of, <a href = "#sec1082">1082-1098</a>, see <b><a @@ -57356,106 +57346,106 @@ href = "#subj_agreement">Agreement</a></b>;</p> <p>partic., <a href = "#sec2282">2282-2286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_avoiding" id = "subj_avoiding" href = +<b><a id = "subj_avoiding" href = "#subj_a">Avoiding</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with <b>nē</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_b" id = "subj_b" href = "#index_subject">B</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_b" href = "#index_subject">B</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_bacchiac" id = "subj_bacchiac" href = +<b><a id = "subj_bacchiac" href = "#subj_b">Bacchiac rhythms</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2698">2698-2706</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_bacchius" id = "subj_bacchius" href = +<b><a id = "subj_bacchius" href = "#subj_b">Bacchius</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_begin" id = "subj_begin" href = +<b><a id = "subj_begin" href = "#subj_b">Begin</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_believing" id = "subj_believing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_believing" href = "#subj_b">Believing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1181">1181</a>, <a href = "#sec1182">1182</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_benefiting" id = "subj_benefiting" href = +<b><a id = "subj_benefiting" href = "#subj_b">Benefiting</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, case with, <a href = "#sec1205">1205-1210</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_birth" id = "subj_birth" href = +<b><a id = "subj_birth" href = "#subj_b">Birth</a></b>,</p> <p>place of, in abl., <a href = "#sec1309">1309</a>;</p> <p>verbs of, with abl., <a href = "#sec1312">1312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_blaming" id = "subj_blaming" href = +<b><a id = "subj_blaming" href = "#subj_b">Blaming</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, used with <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1852">1852</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_books" id = "subj_books" href = +<b><a id = "subj_books" href = "#subj_b">Books</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. used in, <a href = "#sec1592">1592</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_titles">Titles</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_brachycatalectic" id = "subj_brachycatalectic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_brachycatalectic" href = "#subj_b">Brachycatalectic verse</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2538">2538</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_bucolic" id = "subj_bucolic" href = "#subj_b">Bucolic +<b><a id = "subj_bucolic" href = "#subj_b">Bucolic diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_buying" id = "subj_buying" href = +<b><a id = "subj_buying" href = "#subj_b">Buying</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1274">1274</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1388">1388-1392</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_c" id = "subj_c" href = "#index_subject">C</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_c" href = "#index_subject">C</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_caesura" id = "subj_caesura" href = +<b><a id = "subj_caesura" href = "#subj_c">Caesura</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2542">2542-2544</a>;</p> <p>hiatus in, <a href = "#sec2477">2477</a>;</p> <p>masculine and feminine, <a href = "#sec2557">2557</a>;</p> <p>after the third trochee, <a href = "#sec2558">2558</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_calling" id = "subj_calling" href = +<b><a id = "subj_calling" href = "#subj_c">Calling</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1167">1167</a>;</p> <p>with indef. subj., <a href = "#sec1033">1033</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_can" id = "subj_can" href = +<b><a id = "subj_can" href = "#subj_c">Can</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_capability" id = "subj_capability" href = +<b><a id = "subj_capability" href = "#subj_c">Capability</a></b>,</p> <p>suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec284">284</a>, <a href = "#sec292">292-294</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_capable" id = "subj_capable" href = +<b><a id = "subj_capable" href = "#subj_c">Capable</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, with gerundive construction or gerund, <a href = "#sec2252">2252</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_cardinal" id = "subj_cardinal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_cardinal" href = "#subj_c">Cardinal numerals</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec637">637-642</a>, <a href = "#sec431">431</a>;</p> @@ -57467,7 +57457,7 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> "#sec2420">2420</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_case" id = "subj_case" href = +<b><a id = "subj_case" href = "#subj_c">Case</a></b>,</p> <p>endings, function of, <a href = "#sec398">398</a>;</p> <p>endings, lacking in prons., <a href = "#sec645">645</a>;</p> @@ -57491,22 +57481,22 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> = "#subj_prepositions">Prepositions</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_catalectic" id = "subj_catalectic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_catalectic" href = "#subj_c">Catalectic verse</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2537">2537</a>;</p> <p><i>in syllabam</i>, &c., <a href = "#sec2539">2539</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_catalexis" id = "subj_catalexis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_catalexis" href = "#subj_c">Catalexis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2537">2537</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_catullus" id = "subj_catullus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_catullus" href = "#subj_c">Catullus</a></b>,</p> <p>lyric strophes of, <a href = "#sec2738">2738</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_causal" id = "subj_causal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_causal" href = "#subj_c">Causal</a></b>,</p> <p>sentences, defined, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>;</p> <p>mood in, <a href = "#sec1721">1721</a>;</p> @@ -57518,16 +57508,16 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2154">2154-2158</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_cause">Cause</a></b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page507" id = "page507"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page507"> 507</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_causative" id = "subj_causative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_causative" href = "#subj_c">Causative</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs, <a href = "#sec368">368</a>;</p> <p>use of verb, <a href = "#sec2304">2304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_cause" id = "subj_cause" href = +<b><a id = "subj_cause" href = "#subj_c">Cause</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. of, <a href = "#sec1232">1232-1238</a>;</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1316">1316-1319</a>;</p> @@ -57558,12 +57548,12 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> <p>otherwise expressed, <a href = "#sec1317">1317</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_cease" id = "subj_cease" href = +<b><a id = "subj_cease" href = "#subj_c">Cease</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_change" id = "subj_change" href = +<b><a id = "subj_change" href = "#subj_c">Change</a></b>,</p> <p>in characters of alphabet, <a href = "#sec17">17</a>, <a href = "#sec19">19</a>, @@ -57587,40 +57577,40 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> <b>Affinities</b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_characteristic" id = "subj_characteristic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_characteristic" href = "#subj_c">Characteristic</a></b>,</p> <p>rel. sentences of, <a href = "#sec1818">1818-1823</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_charge" id = "subj_charge" href = +<b><a id = "subj_charge" href = "#subj_c">Charge</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. of, <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_choliambus" id = "subj_choliambus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_choliambus" href = "#subj_c">Choliambus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2597">2597-2600</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_choosing" id = "subj_choosing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_choosing" href = "#subj_c">Choosing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1167">1167</a>;</p> <p>with pred. abl., <a href = "#sec1363">1363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_choriambic" id = "subj_choriambic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_choriambic" href = "#subj_c">Choriambic rhythms</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2707">2707</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_choriambus" id = "subj_choriambus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_choriambus" href = "#subj_c">Choriambus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_circumflex" id = "subj_circumflex" href = +<b><a id = "subj_circumflex" href = "#subj_c">Circumflex accent</a></b>, <a href = "#sec174">174-177</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_circumstances" id = "subj_circumstances" href = +<b><a id = "subj_circumstances" href = "#subj_c">Circumstances</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1362">1362</a>, <a href = "#sec1365">1365</a>;</p> @@ -57628,17 +57618,17 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> "#sec2266">2266</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_cities" id = "subj_cities" href = +<b><a id = "subj_cities" href = "#subj_c">Cities</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_towns">Towns</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_claudus" id = "subj_claudus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_claudus" href = "#subj_c">Claudus</a></b>,</p> <p>trochaic tetrameter, <a href = "#sec2639">2639-2641</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_clause" id = "subj_clause" href = +<b><a id = "subj_clause" href = "#subj_c">Clause</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1055">1055</a>;</p> <p>subst. in apposition to, <a href = "#sec1081">1081</a>;</p> @@ -57646,22 +57636,22 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> <b><a href = "#subj_subordinate_sentences">Subordinate</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_clausula" id = "subj_clausula" href = +<b><a id = "subj_clausula" href = "#subj_c">Clausula</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_climax" id = "subj_climax" href = +<b><a id = "subj_climax" href = "#subj_c">Climax</a></b>,</p> <p>asyndeton in, <a href = "#sec1639">1639</a>;</p> <p>introduced by <b>vērō</b>, <a href = "#sec1684">1684</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_cognate" id = "subj_cognate" href = +<b><a id = "subj_cognate" href = "#subj_c">Cognate</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_kindred">Kindred</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_coincident" id = "subj_coincident" href = +<b><a id = "subj_coincident" href = "#subj_c">Coincident action</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1733">1733</a>;</p> <p>introduced by <b>quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1826">1826</a>;</p> @@ -57672,7 +57662,7 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> <p>introduced by <b>dum</b>, <a href = "#sec1998">1998</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_collectives" id = "subj_collectives" href = +<b><a id = "subj_collectives" href = "#subj_c">Collectives</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec6">6</a>;</p> <p>suffixes forming, <a href = "#sec228">228</a>, @@ -57684,18 +57674,18 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> <p>used in abl. with <b>ab</b>, <a href = "#sec1477">1477</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_colon" id = "subj_colon" href = +<b><a id = "subj_colon" href = "#subj_c">Colon</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2532">2532</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_combination" id = "subj_combination" href = +<b><a id = "subj_combination" href = "#subj_c">Combination</a></b>,</p> <p>of sentences, <a href = "#sec1055">1055</a>;</p> <p>of substs. by a prep., <a href = "#sec1426">1426-1428</a>;</p> <p>of different copulatives, <a href = "#sec1662">1662-1666</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_command" id = "subj_command" href = +<b><a id = "subj_command" href = "#subj_c">Command</a></b>,</p> <p>acc. in, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>;</p> <p>intimated by question, <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>;</p> @@ -57712,14 +57702,14 @@ diaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> "#sec2200">2200-2202</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_common" id = "subj_common" href = +<b><a id = "subj_common" href = "#subj_c">Common</a></b>,</p> <p>names, defined, <a href = "#sec5">5</a>;</p> <p>quantity, definition and sign of, <a href = "#sec30">30</a>;</p> <p>gender, nouns of, <a href = "#sec410">410</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_comparative" id = "subj_comparative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_comparative" href = "#subj_c">Comparative</a></b>,</p> <p>of adjectives, diminutive formed from stem of, <a href = "#sec340">340</a>;</p> @@ -57756,7 +57746,7 @@ Use of, <a href = "#sec1455">1455-1464</a>;</p> <p>emphasized by <b>magis</b>, <a href = "#sec1463">1463</a>;</p> <p>modified by <b>aequē</b>, <a href = "#sec1463">1463</a>;</p> <p>with abl., for positive, -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page508" id = "page508"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page508"> 508</a></span> <a href = "#sec1464">1464</a>;</p> <p>strengthening a superl., <a href = "#sec1468">1468</a>;</p> @@ -57784,7 +57774,7 @@ Sentence, defined, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quō</b> and <b>eō</b>, <a href = "#sec1973">1973</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_comparison" id = "subj_comparison" href = +<b><a id = "subj_comparison" href = "#subj_c">Comparison</a></b>,</p> <p>of adjs., <a href = "#sec342">342-360</a>;</p> <p>in <b>-ior</b>, <b>issimus</b>, <a href = "#sec343">343</a>;</p> @@ -57837,11 +57827,11 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> <p>conditional periods of, <a href = "#sec2117">2117-2122</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_compensation" id = "subj_compensation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_compensation" href = "#subj_c">Compensation</a></b>, <a href = "#sec121">121</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_complement" id = "subj_complement" href = +<b><a id = "subj_complement" href = "#subj_c">Complement</a></b>,</p> <p>the essential, defined, <a href = "#sec1177">1177</a>;</p> <p>the essential, uses of, <a href = "#sec1180">1180-1204</a>;</p> @@ -57850,7 +57840,7 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_dative">Dative</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_complementary" id = "subj_complementary" href = +<b><a id = "subj_complementary" href = "#subj_c">Complementary</a></b>,</p> <p>dat., see <b><a href = "#subj_dative">Dative</a></b>;</p> <p>final clauses, <a href = "#sec1948">1948-1960</a>;</p> @@ -57861,7 +57851,7 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1953">1953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_completed" id = "subj_completed" href = +<b><a id = "subj_completed" href = "#subj_c">Completed</a></b>,</p> <p>action, tenses of, <a href = "#sec1603">1603</a>, <a href = "#sec1605">1605</a>, @@ -57870,7 +57860,7 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2218">2218</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_complex" id = "subj_complex" href = +<b><a id = "subj_complex" href = "#subj_c">Complex</a></b>,</p> <p>sentence, defined, <a href = "#sec1058">1058</a>;</p> <p>varieties of, <a href = "#sec1058">1058-1061</a>;</p> @@ -57878,7 +57868,7 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> "#subj_sentence">Sentence</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_composition" id = "subj_composition" href = +<b><a id = "subj_composition" href = "#subj_c">Composition</a></b>,</p> <p>treated, <a href = "#sec376">376-396</a>;</p> <p>of nouns, <a href = "#sec379">379-390</a>;</p> @@ -57896,7 +57886,7 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> <p>of partic., <a href = "#sec2284">2284</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_compound" id = "subj_compound" href = +<b><a id = "subj_compound" href = "#subj_c">Compound</a></b>,</p> <p>words, defined, <a href = "#sec181">181</a>;</p> <p>containing mute or <b>f</b> followed by <b>l</b> or <b>r</b>, <a href @@ -57930,7 +57920,7 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_composition">Composition</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_compounds" id = "subj_compounds" href = +<b><a id = "subj_compounds" href = "#subj_c">Compounds</a></b>,</p> <p>of <b>dīc</b>, <b>dūc</b>, accent of, <a href = "#sec88">88</a>;</p> <p>of roots <b>fac-</b>, <b>ag-</b>, <b>cap-</b>, <a href = @@ -57953,12 +57943,12 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> <p>changes within, <a href = "#sec174">174</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_conative" id = "subj_conative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_conative" href = "#subj_c">Conative</a></b>,</p> <p>use of verb, <a href = "#sec2301">2301-2303</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_conceivable" id = "subj_conceivable" href = +<b><a id = "subj_conceivable" href = "#subj_c">Conceivable</a></b>,</p> <p>action, subjv. of, in main sentence, <a href = "#sec1554">1554-1562</a>;</p> @@ -57978,13 +57968,13 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> <p>in sentences with <b>quandō</b>, <a href = "#sec2010">2010</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_concession" id = "subj_concession" href = +<b><a id = "subj_concession" href = "#subj_c">Concession</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1367">1367</a>;</p> <p>expressed by subjv. of desire, <a href = "#sec1553">1553</a>;</p> <p>expressed by imper., <a href = "#sec1571">1571</a>;</p> <p>expressed by fut., <a href = "#sec1620">1620</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page509" id = "page509"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page509"> 509</a></span> <p>coordinated member equivalent to clause of, <a href = "#sec1702">1702</a>, @@ -58007,7 +57997,7 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> = "#sec2361">2361</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_concessive" id = "subj_concessive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_concessive" href = "#subj_c">Concessive</a></b>,</p> <p>sentences, defined, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>;</p> <p>tense of, after secondary, <a href = "#sec1756">1756</a>;</p> @@ -58018,26 +58008,26 @@ Ablative of, <a href = "#sec1320">1320-1330</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2150">2150-2153</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_conclusion" id = "subj_conclusion" href = +<b><a id = "subj_conclusion" href = "#subj_c">Conclusion</a></b>,</p> <p>introduced by <b>ergō</b>, <b>itaque</b>, <b>igitur</b>, <a href = "#sec2158">2158</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_conditional">Conditional</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_concrete" id = "subj_concrete" href = +<b><a id = "subj_concrete" href = "#subj_c">Concrete</a></b>,</p> <p>substs., defined, <a href = "#sec5">5</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_condemning" id = "subj_condemning" href = +<b><a id = "subj_condemning" href = "#subj_c">Condemning</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1852">1852</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_conditional" id = "subj_conditional" href = +<b><a id = "subj_conditional" href = "#subj_c">Conditional</a></b>,</p> <p>sentences, defined, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>;</p> <p>subjv. of ind. disc. and attraction in, <a href = @@ -58185,7 +58175,7 @@ Protases of action non-occurrent, <a href = "#sec2024">2024</a>, <a href = "#sec2104">2104</a>, <a href = "#sec2106">2106</a>;</p> <p>apod. in perf. indic., <a href = "#sec2101">2101</a>, -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page510" id = "page510"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page510"> 510</a></span> <a href = "#sec2103">2103-2105</a>;</p> <p>apod. in plup. indic., <a href = "#sec2104">2104</a>, @@ -58208,7 +58198,7 @@ Variation of prot., <a href = "#sec2109">2109-2111</a>;</p> "#sec2402">2402</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_conjugation" id = "subj_conjugation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_conjugation" href = "#subj_c">Conjugation</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec397">397</a>;</p> <p>of <b>sum</b>, <a href = "#sec744">744-750</a>;</p> @@ -58255,12 +58245,12 @@ Variation of prot., <a href = "#sec2109">2109-2111</a>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_formation">Formation</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_conjunctional" id = "subj_conjunctional" href = +<b><a id = "subj_conjunctional" href = "#subj_c">Conjunctional</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_conjunctive">Conjunctive</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_conjunctions" id = "subj_conjunctions" href = +<b><a id = "subj_conjunctions" href = "#subj_c">Conjunctions</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec13">13</a>;</p> <p>origin of, <a href = "#sec696">696</a>;</p> @@ -58288,7 +58278,7 @@ Variation of prot., <a href = "#sec2109">2109-2111</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_connectives">Connectives</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_conjunctive" id = "subj_conjunctive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_conjunctive" href = "#subj_c">Conjunctive</a></b>,</p> <p>particle sentences, <a href = "#sec1838">1838-2122</a>;</p> <p>introduced by <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <a href = @@ -58337,7 +58327,7 @@ Variation of prot., <a href = "#sec2109">2109-2111</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2319">2319</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_connection" id = "subj_connection" href = +<b><a id = "subj_connection" href = "#subj_c">Connection</a></b>,</p> <p>of the parts of sentence, <a href = "#sec1636">1636-1692</a>;</p> <p>of sentences or periods, <a href = "#sec2123">2123-2159</a>;</p> @@ -58345,7 +58335,7 @@ Variation of prot., <a href = "#sec2109">2109-2111</a>;</p> "#sec1203">1203</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_connectives" id = "subj_connectives" href = +<b><a id = "subj_connectives" href = "#subj_c">Connectives</a></b>,</p> <p>compound sentence without, <a href = "#sec1636">1636-1642</a>;</p> <p>separate sentences or periods without, <a href = @@ -58368,7 +58358,7 @@ Variation of prot., <a href = "#sec2109">2109-2111</a>;</p> <p>affirmative coordination, <a href = "#sec2159">2159</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_consecutive" id = "subj_consecutive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_consecutive" href = "#subj_c">Consecutive</a></b>,</p> <p>sentences, defined, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>;</p> <p>tense of, after secondary, <a href = "#sec1757">1757-1759</a>;</p> @@ -58378,7 +58368,7 @@ Variation of prot., <a href = "#sec2109">2109-2111</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1970">1970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_consonants" id = "subj_consonants" href = +<b><a id = "subj_consonants" href = "#subj_c">Consonants</a></b>,</p> <p>cons. and vowel <b>i</b> and <b>u</b>, <a href = "#sec22">22-28</a>;</p> @@ -58399,7 +58389,7 @@ Variation of prot., <a href = "#sec2109">2109-2111</a>;</p> <b>Interchange</b>;</p> <p>mute or <b>f</b> followed by <b>l</b> or <b>r</b>, how affecting preceding short vowel, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page511" id = "page511"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page511"> 511</a></span> <p>cons. roots, defined, <a href = "#sec188">188</a>;</p> <p>cons. stems of substs., decl. of, <a href = "#sec467">467-512</a>, @@ -58411,7 +58401,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> <p>See also <b><a href = "#subj_glides">Glides</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_contempt" id = "subj_contempt" href = +<b><a id = "subj_contempt" href = "#subj_c">Contempt</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by diminutives, <a href = "#sec269">269</a>;</p> <p>expressed by <b>nesciō quid</b>, &c., <a href = @@ -58422,7 +58412,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> <p>expressed by <b>quīdam</b>, <a href = "#sec2393">2393</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_continued" id = "subj_continued" href = +<b><a id = "subj_continued" href = "#subj_c">Continued action</a></b>,</p> <p>tenses of, <a href = "#sec1587">1587</a>, <a href = "#sec1594">1594</a>, @@ -58433,14 +58423,14 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_incomplete">Incomplete action</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_continuants" id = "subj_continuants" href = +<b><a id = "subj_continuants" href = "#subj_c">Continuants</a></b> or <b>Continuous</b>, sounds, defined, <a href = "#sec74">74</a>;</p> <p>classified, <a href = "#sec74">74</a>;</p> <p>subst. stems in, decl. of, <a href = "#sec481">481-493</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_contraction" id = "subj_contraction" href = +<b><a id = "subj_contraction" href = "#subj_c">Contraction</a></b>,</p> <p>of vowels, <a href = "#sec115">115</a>, <a href = "#sec118">118</a>;</p> @@ -58448,12 +58438,12 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> <p>in versification, <a href = "#sec2518">2518</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_contrary" id = "subj_contrary" href = +<b><a id = "subj_contrary" href = "#subj_c">Contrary to fact</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_non-occurrent">Non-occurrent</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_contrasts" id = "subj_contrasts" href = +<b><a id = "subj_contrasts" href = "#subj_c">Contrasts</a></b>,</p> <p>asyndeton in, <a href = "#sec1640">1640</a>;</p> <p>introduced by <b>et</b>, <a href = "#sec2140">2140</a>;</p> @@ -58462,13 +58452,13 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> <a href = "#sec2375">2375</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_convicting" id = "subj_convicting" href = +<b><a id = "subj_convicting" href = "#subj_c">Convicting</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_coordination" id = "subj_coordination" href = +<b><a id = "subj_coordination" href = "#subj_c">Coordination</a></b>,</p> <p>of sentences, <a href = "#sec1055">1055-1060</a>, <a href = "#sec1636">1636</a>;</p> @@ -58527,7 +58517,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> <p>expressed by <b>quippe</b>, <a href = "#sec1690">1690</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_copulative" id = "subj_copulative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_copulative" href = "#subj_c">Copulative</a></b>,</p> <p>words, use of, <a href = "#sec1644">1644-1661</a>, <a href = "#sec1687">1687-1692</a>, @@ -58536,7 +58526,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> <p>combination of different, <a href = "#sec1662">1662-1666</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_correlative" id = "subj_correlative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_correlative" href = "#subj_c">Correlative</a></b>,</p> <p>prons., table of, <a href = "#sec695">695</a>, <a href = "#sec1831">1831</a>;</p> @@ -58578,17 +58568,17 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_correption" id = "subj_correption" href = +<b><a id = "subj_correption" href = "#subj_c">Correption</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2517">2517</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_costing" id = "subj_costing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_costing" href = "#subj_c">Costing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1274">1274</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1388">1388-1392</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_countries" id = "subj_countries" href = +<b><a id = "subj_countries" href = "#subj_c">Countries</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, in plur., <a href = "#sec1107">1107</a>;</p> <p>in acc. with expressions of motion, <a href = @@ -58601,39 +58591,39 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> <a href = "#sec1347">1347</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_cretic" id = "subj_cretic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_cretic" href = "#subj_c">Cretic</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>;</p> <p>rhythms, <a href = "#sec2691">2691-2697</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_curses" id = "subj_curses" href = +<b><a id = "subj_curses" href = "#subj_c">Curses</a></b>,</p> <p><b>duim</b>, &c. in, <a href = "#sec756">756</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_customary" id = "subj_customary" href = +<b><a id = "subj_customary" href = "#subj_c">Customary</a></b>,</p> <p>action, expressed by pres., <a href = "#sec1588">1588</a>;</p> <p>expressed by impf., <a href = "#sec1596">1596</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_cyclic" id = "subj_cyclic" href = "#subj_c">Cyclic +<b><a id = "subj_cyclic" href = "#subj_c">Cyclic feet</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2523">2523</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page512" id = "page512"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page512"> 512</a></span> -<h3><a name = "subj_d" id = "subj_d" href = "#index_subject">D</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_d" href = "#index_subject">D</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dactyl" id = "subj_dactyl" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dactyl" href = "#subj_d">Dactyl</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>;</p> <p>cyclic, <a href = "#sec2523">2523</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dactylic" id = "subj_dactylic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dactylic" href = "#subj_d">Dactylic</a></b>,</p> <p>rhythms, <a href = "#sec2555">2555-2580</a>;</p> <p>hexameter, <a href = "#sec2556">2556-2569</a>;</p> @@ -58643,19 +58633,19 @@ feet</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2523">2523</a>.</p> <p>trimeter catalectic, <a href = "#sec2579">2579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "dactylo-trochaic" id = "dactylo-trochaic" href = +<b><a id = "dactylo-trochaic" href = "#subj_d">Dactylo-trochaic rhythms</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2675">2675-2681</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_danger" id = "subj_danger" href = +<b><a id = "subj_danger" href = "#subj_d">Danger</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, with <b>ut</b>, <b>nē</b> clauses, <a href = "#sec1957">1957</a>, <a href = "#sec1958">1958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dates" id = "subj_dates" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dates" href = "#subj_d">Dates</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by abl., <a href = "#sec1307">1307</a>;</p> <p>expressed by loc., <a href = "#sec1307">1307</a>, @@ -58664,7 +58654,7 @@ feet</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2523">2523</a>.</p> <p>marked by names of consuls, <a href = "#sec2419">2419</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dative" id = "subj_dative" href = "#subj_d">Dative +<b><a id = "subj_dative" href = "#subj_d">Dative case</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec419">419</a>;</p> <p>plur., how formed, <a href = "#sec428">428</a>;</p> @@ -58817,12 +58807,12 @@ Double, <a href = "#sec1213">1213</a>, <p>with <b>īdem</b>, <a href = "#sec2373">2373</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_decasyllabic" id = "subj_decasyllabic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_decasyllabic" href = "#subj_d">Decasyllabic Alcaic</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2663">2663</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_declarations" id = "subj_declarations" href = +<b><a id = "subj_declarations" href = "#subj_d">Declarations</a></b>,</p> <p>neg. adv. in, <a href = "#sec1443">1443</a>;</p> <p>indic. used in, <a href = "#sec1493">1493</a>;</p> @@ -58836,13 +58826,13 @@ Double, <a href = "#sec1213">1213</a>, <p>expressed by <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1838">1838</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_declarative" id = "subj_declarative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_declarative" href = "#subj_d">Declarative</a></b>,</p> <p>sentence, defined, <a href = "#sec1025">1025</a>;</p> <p>in ind. disc., mood of, <a href = "#sec2312">2312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_declension" id = "subj_declension" href = +<b><a id = "subj_declension" href = "#subj_d">Declension</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec397">397</a>.</p> @@ -58854,7 +58844,7 @@ Substantives, <a href = "#sec432">432-607</a>;</p> <p><b>-o-</b> stems, <a href = "#sec446">446-466</a>;</p> <p><b>-o-</b> stems, Greek nouns, <a href = "#sec466">466</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page513" id = "page513"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page513"> 513</a></span> <p>cons. stems, <a href = "#sec467">467-512</a>;</p> <p>guttural mute stems (<b>-g-</b>, <b>-c-</b>), <a href = @@ -58950,12 +58940,12 @@ See <b><a href = "#subj_gender">Gender</a></b>, <b><a href = "#subj_case">Case</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_decreeing" id = "subj_decreeing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_decreeing" href = "#subj_d">Decreeing</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_resolve">Resolve</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_defective" id = "subj_defective" href = +<b><a id = "subj_defective" href = "#subj_d">Defective</a></b>,</p> <p>substs., in number, <a href = "#sec416">416</a>, <a href = "#sec417">417</a>, @@ -58996,14 +58986,14 @@ see also <a href = "#sec477">477</a>, <a href = "#sec922">922-1019</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_defining" id = "subj_defining" href = +<b><a id = "subj_defining" href = "#subj_d">Defining</a></b>,</p> <p>acc., <a href = "#sec1140">1140-1146</a>, <a href = "#sec1173">1173</a>, <a href = "#sec1475">1475</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_definite" id = "subj_definite" href = +<b><a id = "subj_definite" href = "#subj_d">Definite</a></b>,</p> <p>perf., use of, <a href = "#sec1602">1602</a>, <a href = "#sec1605">1605-1613</a>;</p> @@ -59018,14 +59008,14 @@ Time, in <b>cum</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1861">1861-1867</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1934">1934</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_definition" id = "subj_definition" href = +<b><a id = "subj_definition" href = "#subj_d">Definition</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. of, <a href = "#sec1255">1255-1259</a>;</p> <p>perf. subjv. in, with <b>antequam</b>, <a href = "#sec1913">1913</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_degree" id = "subj_degree" href = +<b><a id = "subj_degree" href = "#subj_d">Degree</a></b>,</p> <p>denoted by advs., <a href = "#sec1438">1438</a>;</p> <p>of comparison, see <b><a href = @@ -59034,18 +59024,18 @@ Time, in <b>cum</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1861">1861-1867</a>;</p> "#subj_difference">Difference</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_delaying" id = "subj_delaying" href = +<b><a id = "subj_delaying" href = "#subj_d">Delaying</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_hindering">Hindering</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_deliberating" id = "subj_deliberating" href = +<b><a id = "subj_deliberating" href = "#subj_d">Deliberating</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1774">1774</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_deliberation" id = "subj_deliberation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_deliberation" href = "#subj_d">Deliberation</a></b>,</p> <p>questions of, in pres. ind., <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>;</p> <p>in fut., <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>, @@ -59057,7 +59047,7 @@ Time, in <b>cum</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1861">1861-1867</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1774">1774</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_demanding" id = "subj_demanding" href = +<b><a id = "subj_demanding" href = "#subj_d">Demanding</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1169">1169-1171</a>;</p> @@ -59066,7 +59056,7 @@ Time, in <b>cum</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1861">1861-1867</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2194">2194</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_demonstrative" id = "subj_demonstrative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_demonstrative" href = "#subj_d">Demonstrative</a></b>,</p> <p>prons., decl. of, <a href = "#sec656">656-670</a>;</p> <p>agreement of, <a href = "#sec1095">1095-1098</a>, see <b><a href = @@ -59083,7 +59073,7 @@ Time, in <b>cum</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1861">1861-1867</a>;</p> <p>advs., <a href = "#sec711">711</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_denominative" id = "subj_denominative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_denominative" href = "#subj_d">Denominative</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec198">198</a>;</p> <p>substs., <a href = "#sec246">246-279</a>, @@ -59101,20 +59091,20 @@ Time, in <b>cum</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1861">1861-1867</a>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_formation">Formation</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dentals" id = "subj_dentals" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dentals" href = "#subj_d">Dentals</a></b>, <a href = "#sec77">77</a>;</p> <p>stems, <a href = "#sec474">474-478</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dependent" id = "subj_dependent" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dependent" href = "#subj_d">Dependent</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_subordinate_constructions">Subordinate</a></b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page514" id = "page514"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page514"> 514</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_deponents" id = "subj_deponents" href = +<b><a id = "subj_deponents" href = "#subj_d">Deponents</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec725">725</a>, <a href = "#sec1486">1486</a>;</p> @@ -59142,16 +59132,16 @@ Time, in <b>cum</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1861">1861-1867</a>;</p> <p>perf. with pres. force, <a href = "#sec2280">2280</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_deprive" id = "subj_deprive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_deprive" href = "#subj_d">Deprive</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with abl., <a href = "#sec1302">1302-1306</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_descending" id = "subj_descending" href = +<b><a id = "subj_descending" href = "#subj_d">Descending rhythms</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2528">2528</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_descriptions" id = "subj_descriptions" href = +<b><a id = "subj_descriptions" href = "#subj_d">Descriptions</a></b>,</p> <p>impf. in, <a href = "#sec1599">1599</a>;</p> <p>asyndeton in, <a href = "#sec1639">1639</a>;</p> @@ -59160,13 +59150,13 @@ Time, in <b>cum</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1861">1861-1867</a>;</p> <p>expressed by partic., <a href = "#sec2295">2295</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_desiderative" id = "subj_desiderative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_desiderative" href = "#subj_d">Desiderative</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs, definition and formation of, <a href = "#sec375">375</a>;</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec810">810</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_desire" id = "subj_desire" href = +<b><a id = "subj_desire" href = "#subj_d">Desire</a></b>,</p> <p>subjv. of, <a href = "#sec1540">1540-1553</a>;</p> <p>in coordination, <a href = "#sec1705">1705-1713</a>;</p> @@ -59189,13 +59179,13 @@ See <b><a href = "#subj_wish">Wish</a></b>, <b><a href = "#subj_desirous">Desirous</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_desirous" id = "subj_desirous" href = +<b><a id = "subj_desirous" href = "#subj_d">Desirous</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, gen. with, <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>, <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_determinative" id = "subj_determinative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_determinative" href = "#subj_d">Determinative</a></b>,</p> <p>compounds, defined and classified, <a href = "#sec382">382-384</a>.</p> @@ -59216,7 +59206,7 @@ Pronouns., decl. of, <a href = "#sec656">656-659</a>, Adverbs, <a href = "#sec711">711</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_development" id = "subj_development" href = +<b><a id = "subj_development" href = "#subj_d">Development</a></b>,</p> <p>of vowel before cons., <a href = "#sec172">172</a>;</p> <p>of vowel between consonants, <a href = "#sec172">172</a>;</p> @@ -59225,26 +59215,26 @@ Adverbs, <a href = "#sec711">711</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec167">167</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_diaeresis" id = "subj_diaeresis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_diaeresis" href = "#subj_d">Diaeresis</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2542">2542</a>, <a href = "#sec2543">2543</a>;</p> <p>bucolic, <a href = "#sec2559">2559</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dialysis" id = "subj_dialysis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dialysis" href = "#subj_d">Dialysis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2501">2501</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_diastole" id = "subj_diastole" href = +<b><a id = "subj_diastole" href = "#subj_d">Diastolé</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2505">2505</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dicolic" id = "subj_dicolic" href = "#subj_d">Dicolic +<b><a id = "subj_dicolic" href = "#subj_d">Dicolic verses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_difference" id = "subj_difference" href = +<b><a id = "subj_difference" href = "#subj_d">Difference</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, case with, <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>;</p> <p>amount of, abl. of, <a href = "#sec1393">1393-1399</a>, @@ -59255,18 +59245,18 @@ verses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>.</p> <p><b>quō . . . eō</b>, <a href = "#sec1973">1973</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_difficult" id = "subj_difficult" href = +<b><a id = "subj_difficult" href = "#subj_d">Difficult</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, with supine in <b>-ū</b>, <a href = "#sec2274">2274</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_diiambus" id = "subj_diiambus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_diiambus" href = "#subj_d">Diiambus</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dimeter" id = "subj_dimeter" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dimeter" href = "#subj_d">Dimeter</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>;</p> <p>iambic, <a href = "#sec2617">2617-2623</a>;</p> @@ -59276,7 +59266,7 @@ verses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>.</p> <p>bacchiac, <a href = "#sec2704">2704</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_diminutive" id = "subj_diminutive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_diminutive" href = "#subj_d">Diminutive</a></b>,</p> <p>substs., suffixes forming, <a href = "#sec267">267-278</a>;</p> <p>meanings of, <a href = "#sec267">267-270</a>;</p> @@ -59287,7 +59277,7 @@ verses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2535">2535</a>.</p> <p>advs., <a href = "#sec341">341</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_diphthongs" id = "subj_diphthongs" href = +<b><a id = "subj_diphthongs" href = "#subj_d">Diphthongs</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec47">47</a>;</p> <p>the, <a href = "#sec49">49</a>;</p> @@ -59314,7 +59304,7 @@ Diphthong, <a href = "#sec95">95-101</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec789">789</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dipody" id = "subj_dipody" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dipody" href = "#subj_d">Dipody</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>;</p> <p>iambic, <a href = "#sec2624">2624</a>;</p> @@ -59322,7 +59312,7 @@ Diphthong, <a href = "#sec95">95-101</a>;</p> <p>logaoedic, <a href = "#sec2655">2655-2658</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_direct" id = "subj_direct" href = +<b><a id = "subj_direct" href = "#subj_d">Direct</a></b>,</p> <p>compound, defined, <a href = "#sec377">377</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_composition">Composition</a></b>;</p> @@ -59331,7 +59321,7 @@ Diphthong, <a href = "#sec95">95-101</a>;</p> <p>question, see <b><a href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_direction" id = "subj_direction" href = +<b><a id = "subj_direction" href = "#subj_d">Direction</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by subjv., <a href = "#sec1547">1547-1551</a>;</p> <p>introduced by <b>utī</b>, <b>ut</b>, <b>nē</b>, &c., <a href = @@ -59342,13 +59332,13 @@ Diphthong, <a href = "#sec95">95-101</a>;</p> "#sec2157">2157</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_disadvantage" id = "subj_disadvantage" href = +<b><a id = "subj_disadvantage" href = "#subj_d">Disadvantage</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, <a href = "#sec1178">1178</a>, <a href = "#sec1205">1205-1210</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_disappearance" id = "subj_disappearance" href = +<b><a id = "subj_disappearance" href = "#subj_d">Disappearance</a></b>,</p> <p>of vowel, <a href = "#sec110">110-113</a>;</p> <p>initial, <a href = "#sec112">112</a>;</p> @@ -59364,30 +59354,30 @@ Diphthong, <a href = "#sec95">95-101</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec705">705</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_disapprobation" id = "subj_disapprobation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_disapprobation" href = "#subj_d">Disapprobation</a></b>,</p> <p>questions of, <a href = "#sec1566">1566-1569</a>;</p> <p>expressed by infin., <a href = "#sec2216">2216</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_disjunctive" id = "subj_disjunctive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_disjunctive" href = "#subj_d">Disjunctive</a></b>,</p> <p>words, use of, <a href = "#sec1667">1667-1675</a>, <a href = "#sec2133">2133-2149</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page515" id = "page515"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page515"> 515</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_displeasing" id = "subj_displeasing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_displeasing" href = "#subj_d">Displeasing</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dispondee" id = "subj_dispondee" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dispondee" href = "#subj_d">Dispondee</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_disproportion" id = "subj_disproportion" href = +<b><a id = "subj_disproportion" href = "#subj_d">Disproportion</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by positive, <a href = "#sec1454">1454</a>;</p> <p>expressed by compar., <a href = "#sec1460">1460</a>, @@ -59396,14 +59386,14 @@ Diphthong, <a href = "#sec95">95-101</a>;</p> quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dissimilation" id = "subj_dissimilation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dissimilation" href = "#subj_d">Dissimilation</a></b>,</p> <p>of <b>l</b> to <b>r</b>, to avoid repetition of a liquid, <a href = "#sec173">173, 1</a>;</p> <p>by dropping a sound, <a href = "#sec173_2">173, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_distance" id = "subj_distance" href = +<b><a id = "subj_distance" href = "#subj_d">Distance</a></b>,</p> <p>designations of, abl. of <b>intervāllum</b> and <b>spatium</b> in, <a href = "#sec1399">1399</a>;</p> @@ -59411,20 +59401,20 @@ quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>.</p> <b><a href = "#subj_time">Time</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_distich" id = "subj_distich" href = +<b><a id = "subj_distich" href = "#subj_d">Distich</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2545">2545</a>;</p> <p>elegiac, <a href = "#sec2573">2573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_distress" id = "subj_distress" href = +<b><a id = "subj_distress" href = "#subj_d">Distress</a></b>,</p> <p>mental, verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1283">1283-1286</a>;</p> <p>with loc. and abl., <a href = "#sec1339">1339</a>, <a href = "#sec1344">1344</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_distributive" id = "subj_distributive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_distributive" href = "#subj_d">Distributive</a></b>,</p> <p>numerals, suffix of, <a href = "#sec317">317</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec643">643</a>;</p> @@ -59436,18 +59426,18 @@ quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>.</p> <p>with sing. and plur. verb, <a href = "#sec1080">1080</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_disyllabic" id = "subj_disyllabic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_disyllabic" href = "#subj_d">Disyllabic</a></b>,</p> <p>preps., position of, <a href = "#sec1434">1434</a>;</p> <p>perfects and perf. partic., quantity of penult vowel of, <a href = "#sec2434">2434-2436</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ditrochee" id = "subj_ditrochee" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ditrochee" href = "#subj_d">Ditrochee</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_doer" id = "subj_doer" href = +<b><a id = "subj_doer" href = "#subj_d">Doer</a></b>,</p> <p>of action, expressed by dat., <a href = "#sec1215">1215</a>, <a href = "#sec1216">1216</a>, @@ -59462,7 +59452,7 @@ quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec1477">1477</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_doing" id = "subj_doing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_doing" href = "#subj_d">Doing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, introducing coincident action, <a href = "#sec1850">1850</a>;</p> @@ -59470,14 +59460,14 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1850">1850</a>;</p> <p>with <b>cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_double" id = "subj_double" href = +<b><a id = "subj_double" href = "#subj_d">Double</a></b>,</p> <p>questions, see <b><a href = "#subj_questions_alt">Alternative</a></b>;</p> <p>class, of rhythms, <a href = "#sec2527">2527</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_doubt" id = "subj_doubt" href = +<b><a id = "subj_doubt" href = "#subj_d">Doubt</a></b>,</p> <p>questions of, in pres. indic., <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>;</p> <p>in fut., <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>, @@ -59494,21 +59484,21 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1850">1850</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dreading" id = "subj_dreading" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dreading" href = "#subj_d">Dreading</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1286">1286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dual" id = "subj_dual" href = "#subj_d">Dual</a></b>, +<b><a id = "subj_dual" href = "#subj_d">Dual</a></b>, <a href = "#sec415">415</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_dubitative" id = "subj_dubitative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_dubitative" href = "#subj_d">Dubitative</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_appeal">Appeal</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_duration" id = "subj_duration" href = +<b><a id = "subj_duration" href = "#subj_d">Duration</a></b>,</p> <p>of time, denoted by acc., <a href = "#sec1151">1151-1156</a>, <a href = "#sec1475">1475</a>;</p> @@ -59517,7 +59507,7 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1850">1850</a>;</p> <p>denoted by abl., <a href = "#sec1355">1355</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_duty" id = "subj_duty" href = +<b><a id = "subj_duty" href = "#subj_d">Duty</a></b>,</p> <p>verbal expressions of, in indic., <a href = "#sec1495">1495-1497</a>;</p> @@ -59525,10 +59515,10 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1850">1850</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2101">2101</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_e" id = "subj_e" href = "#index_subject">E</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_e" href = "#index_subject">E</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_easy" id = "subj_easy" href = +<b><a id = "subj_easy" href = "#subj_e">Easy</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, cases with, <a href = "#sec1200">1200</a>;</p> <p>with gerundive construction or gerund, <a href = @@ -59536,11 +59526,11 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1850">1850</a>;</p> <p>with supine in <b>-ū</b>, <a href = "#sec2274">2274</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ecthlipsis" id = "subj_ecthlipsis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ecthlipsis" href = "#subj_e">Ecthlipsis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2493">2493</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_effect" id = "subj_effect" href = +<b><a id = "subj_effect" href = "#subj_e">Effect</a></b>,</p> <p>suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec213">213</a>, <a href = "#sec217">217</a>, @@ -59548,21 +59538,21 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1850">1850</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec241">241</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_effort" id = "subj_effort" href = +<b><a id = "subj_effort" href = "#subj_e">Effort</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_striving">Striving</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_elegiac" id = "subj_elegiac" href = "#subj_e">Elegiac +<b><a id = "subj_elegiac" href = "#subj_e">Elegiac distich</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2573">2573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_elegiambus" id = "subj_elegiambus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_elegiambus" href = "#subj_e">Elegiambus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2680">2680</a>, <a href = "#sec2681">2681</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_elision" id = "subj_elision" href = +<b><a id = "subj_elision" href = "#subj_e">Elision</a></b>,</p> <p>within a word, <a href = "#sec115">115</a>, <a href = "#sec119">119</a>;</p> @@ -59571,7 +59561,7 @@ distich</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2573">2573</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2568">2568</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_emotion" id = "subj_emotion" href = +<b><a id = "subj_emotion" href = "#subj_e">Emotion</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>;</p> @@ -59583,18 +59573,18 @@ distich</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2573">2573</a>.</p> <p>with perf. infin., <a href = "#sec2231">2231</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_emotional" id = "subj_emotional" href = +<b><a id = "subj_emotional" href = "#subj_e">Emotional dative</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1211">1211</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_emphasizing" id = "subj_emphasizing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_emphasizing" href = "#subj_e">Emphasizing</a></b>,</p> <p>acc., <a href = "#sec1140">1140-1146</a>, <a href = "#sec1173">1173</a>, <a href = "#sec1475">1475</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_enclitics" id = "subj_enclitics" href = +<b><a id = "subj_enclitics" href = "#subj_e">Enclitics</a></b>,</p> <p>the, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> @@ -59614,17 +59604,17 @@ distich</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2573">2573</a>.</p> <p>see <b>-que</b>, &c.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_end" id = "subj_end" href = +<b><a id = "subj_end" href = "#subj_e">End</a></b>,</p> <p>of motion, see <b><a href = "#subj_motion">Motion</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_endeavour" id = "subj_endeavour" href = +<b><a id = "subj_endeavour" href = "#subj_e">Endeavour</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_endings" id = "subj_endings" href = +<b><a id = "subj_endings" href = "#subj_e">Endings</a></b>,</p> <p>case, function of, <a href = "#sec398">398</a>;</p> <p>lacking, in prons., <a href = "#sec645">645</a>;</p> @@ -59636,73 +59626,73 @@ distich</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2573">2573</a>.</p> <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>, <b><a href = "#subj_suffix">Suffix</a></b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page516" id = "page516"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page516"> 516</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_enlargement" id = "subj_enlargement" href = +<b><a id = "subj_enlargement" href = "#subj_e">Enlargement</a></b>,</p> <p>of simple sentence, <a href = "#sec1037">1037-1054</a>;</p> <p>of subj., <a href = "#sec1038">1038-1047</a>;</p> <p>of pred., <a href = "#sec1048">1048-1054</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_entreaty" id = "subj_entreaty" href = +<b><a id = "subj_entreaty" href = "#subj_e">Entreaty</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by imper., <a href = "#sec1571">1571</a>;</p> <p>verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_enumerative" id = "subj_enumerative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_enumerative" href = "#subj_e">Enumerative asyndeton</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2126">2126</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_envy" id = "subj_envy" href = +<b><a id = "subj_envy" href = "#subj_e">Envy</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1181">1181</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_epicenes" id = "subj_epicenes" href = +<b><a id = "subj_epicenes" href = "#subj_e">Epicenes</a></b>, <a href = "#sec411">411</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_epistolary" id = "subj_epistolary" href = +<b><a id = "subj_epistolary" href = "#subj_e">Epistolary</a></b>,</p> <p>impf., <a href = "#sec1601">1601</a>;</p> <p>plup., <a href = "#sec1616">1616</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_epitrite" id = "subj_epitrite" href = +<b><a id = "subj_epitrite" href = "#subj_e">Epitrite</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_equal" id = "subj_equal" href = "#subj_e">Equal +<b><a id = "subj_equal" href = "#subj_e">Equal class</a></b>,</p> <p>of rhythms, <a href = "#sec2527">2527</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_essential" id = "subj_essential" href = +<b><a id = "subj_essential" href = "#subj_e">Essential</a></b>,</p> <p>complement, see <b><a href = "#subj_complement">Complement</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ethical" id = "subj_ethical" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ethical" href = "#subj_e">Ethical</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_emotional">Emotional</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_euripidean" id = "subj_euripidean" href = +<b><a id = "subj_euripidean" href = "#subj_e">Euripidean verse</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2644">2644-2646</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_exchange" id = "subj_exchange" href = +<b><a id = "subj_exchange" href = "#subj_e">Exchange</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1388">1388-1392</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_exclamation" id = "subj_exclamation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_exclamation" href = "#subj_e">Exclamation</a></b>,</p> <p>nom. of, <a href = "#sec1117">1117</a>;</p> <p>acc. of, <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>, @@ -59729,19 +59719,19 @@ href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>;</p> <p>infin. of, <a href = "#sec2216">2216</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_exclamatory" id = "subj_exclamatory" href = +<b><a id = "subj_exclamatory" href = "#subj_e">Exclamatory</a></b>,</p> <p>sentence, defined, <a href = "#sec1025">1025</a>;</p> <p>questions, <a href = "#sec1566">1566-1569</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_exemplification" id = "subj_exemplification" href = +<b><a id = "subj_exemplification" href = "#subj_e">Exemplification</a></b>,</p> <p>periods of, <a href = "#sec2054">2054</a>, <a href = "#sec2090">2090</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_exhortation" id = "subj_exhortation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_exhortation" href = "#subj_e">Exhortation</a></b>,</p> <p>intimated by question, <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>;</p> <p>expressed by subjv., <a href = "#sec1547">1547-1551</a>;</p> @@ -59752,24 +59742,24 @@ href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>;</p> <p>verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_expectation" id = "subj_expectation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_expectation" href = "#subj_e">Expectation</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, with <b>sī</b>, <b>sī forte</b>, <a href = "#sec1777">1777</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_hope">Hope</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_explanatory" id = "subj_explanatory" href = +<b><a id = "subj_explanatory" href = "#subj_e">Explanatory</a></b>,</p> <p><b>cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1859">1859</a>, <a href = "#sec1874">1874-1880</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_explosives" id = "subj_explosives" href = +<b><a id = "subj_explosives" href = "#subj_e">Explosives</a></b>, <a href = "#sec73">73</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_extent" id = "subj_extent" href = +<b><a id = "subj_extent" href = "#subj_e">Extent</a></b>,</p> <p>of space, denoted by acc., <a href = "#sec1151">1151-1156</a>, <a href = "#sec1475">1475</a>;</p> @@ -59778,21 +59768,21 @@ href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>;</p> <p>with verbs of surpassing, <a href = "#sec1398">1398</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_f" id = "subj_f" href = "#index_subject">F</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_f" href = "#index_subject">F</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_faithful" id = "subj_faithful" href = +<b><a id = "subj_faithful" href = "#subj_f">Faithful</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, cases with, <a href = "#sec1200">1200</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_favour" id = "subj_favour" href = +<b><a id = "subj_favour" href = "#subj_f">Favour</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1181">1181</a>, <a href = "#sec1182">1182</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_fearing" id = "subj_fearing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_fearing" href = "#subj_f">Fearing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1774">1774</a>, <a href = "#sec1959">1959</a>;</p> @@ -59803,7 +59793,7 @@ href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>;</p> <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_feeling" id = "subj_feeling" href = +<b><a id = "subj_feeling" href = "#subj_f">Feeling</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with acc., <a href = "#sec1139">1139</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1283">1283-1286</a>;</p> @@ -59815,7 +59805,7 @@ href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_mental">Mental distress</a></b>, &c.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_feet" id = "subj_feet" href = +<b><a id = "subj_feet" href = "#subj_f">Feet</a></b>,</p> <p>metrical, defined, <a href = "#sec2519">2519</a>;</p> <p>kinds of, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>, @@ -59826,18 +59816,18 @@ href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>;</p> <a href = "#sec2532">2532</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_feminine" id = "subj_feminine" href = +<b><a id = "subj_feminine" href = "#subj_f">Feminine</a></b>,</p> <p>gender, general rules of, <a href = "#sec407">407</a>;</p> <p>for cons. and <b>-i-</b> stems, <a href = "#sec577">577-581</a>;</p> <p>caesura, <a href = "#sec2557">2557</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_figures" id = "subj_figures" href = "#subj_f">Figures +<b><a id = "subj_figures" href = "#subj_f">Figures of prosody</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2473">2473-2510</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_final" id = "subj_final" href = +<b><a id = "subj_final" href = "#subj_f">Final</a></b>,</p> <p>disappearance, of vowel, <a href = "#sec113">113</a>;</p> <p>of cons., <a href = "#sec171">171</a>.</p> @@ -59863,7 +59853,7 @@ Sentences, defined, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>;</p> <p>tense of, after perf. definite, <a href = "#sec1754">1754</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_fitness" id = "subj_fitness" href = +<b><a id = "subj_fitness" href = "#subj_f">Fitness</a></b>,</p> <p>adj. suffixes implying, <a href = "#sec298">298</a>, <a href = "#sec302">302-330</a>;</p> @@ -59872,23 +59862,23 @@ Sentences, defined, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>;</p> "#sec2252">2252</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_flowers" id = "subj_flowers" href = +<b><a id = "subj_flowers" href = "#subj_f">Flowers</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, gender, <a href = "#sec407">407</a>, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_forgetting" id = "subj_forgetting" href = +<b><a id = "subj_forgetting" href = "#subj_f">Forgetting</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1287">1287-1291</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1288">1288</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page517" id = "page517"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page517"> 517</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_formation" id = "subj_formation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_formation" href = "#subj_f">Formation</a></b>,</p> <p>one of the divisions of Latin grammar, treated, <a href = "#sec1">1</a>, @@ -60024,41 +60014,41 @@ href = "#subj_inceptives">Inceptives</a></b>;</p> See <b><a href = "#subj_composition">Composition</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_formative" id = "subj_formative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_formative" href = "#subj_f">Formative suffix</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec195">195</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_suffix">Suffix</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_fractions" id = "subj_fractions" href = +<b><a id = "subj_fractions" href = "#subj_f">Fractions</a></b>,</p> <p>how expressed, <a href = "#sec2424">2424-2428</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_free" id = "subj_free" href = +<b><a id = "subj_free" href = "#subj_f">Free</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with abl., <a href = "#sec1302">1302-1306</a>;</p> <p>adjs. meaning, with abl., <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_frequentative" id = "subj_frequentative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_frequentative" href = "#subj_f">Frequentative</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs, definition and formation of, <a href = "#sec371">371-374</a>;</p> <p>conative use of, <a href = "#sec2303">2303</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_friendly" id = "subj_friendly" href = +<b><a id = "subj_friendly" href = "#subj_f">Friendly</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, cases with, <a href = "#sec1200">1200</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_friendship" id = "subj_friendship" href = +<b><a id = "subj_friendship" href = "#subj_f">Friendship</a></b>,</p> <p>words of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1203">1203</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_fulness" id = "subj_fulness" href = +<b><a id = "subj_fulness" href = "#subj_f">Fulness</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1386">1386</a>;</p> @@ -60068,7 +60058,7 @@ See <b><a href = "#subj_composition">Composition</a></b>.</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1387">1387</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_future_action" id = "subj_future_action" href = +<b><a id = "subj_future_action" href = "#subj_f">Future action</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by pres., <a href = "#sec1593">1593</a>, <a href = "#sec2026">2026</a>, @@ -60081,7 +60071,7 @@ See <b><a href = "#subj_composition">Composition</a></b>.</p> <a href = "#sec2027">2027</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_future_perfect" id = "subj_future_perfect" href = +<b><a id = "subj_future_perfect" href = "#subj_f">Future Perfect tense</a></b>,</p> <p>lacking in subjv. and imper., <a href = "#sec716">716</a>;</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec882">882-884</a>;</p> @@ -60131,12 +60121,12 @@ See <b><a href = "#subj_composition">Composition</a></b>.</p> disc., <a href = "#sec2324">2324</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_futures" id = "subj_futures" href = +<b><a id = "subj_futures" href = "#subj_f">Futures</a></b>,</p> <p>virtual, <a href = "#sec1718">1718</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_future_tense" id = "subj_future_tense" href = +<b><a id = "subj_future_tense" href = "#subj_f">Future tense</a></b>,</p> <p>lacking in subjv., <a href = "#sec716">716</a>;</p> <p>imper., <a href = "#sec716">716</a>, @@ -60152,7 +60142,7 @@ disc., <a href = "#sec2324">2324</a>.</p> "#sec1619">1619</a>;</p> <p>of diffident assertion, <a href = "#sec1620">1620</a>;</p> <p>in predictions, <a href = "#sec1621">1621</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page518" id = "page518"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page518"> 518</a></span> <p>in asseverations, <a href = "#sec1622">1622</a>;</p> <p>in questions of appeal, <a href = "#sec1623">1623</a>;</p> @@ -60202,14 +60192,14 @@ disc., <a href = "#sec2324">2324</a>;</p> "#subj_participles">Participles</a></b>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_g" id = "subj_g" href = "#index_subject">G</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_g" href = "#index_subject">G</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_galliambic" id = "subj_galliambic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_galliambic" href = "#subj_g">Galliambic</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2714">2714-2716</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_gender" id = "subj_gender" href = +<b><a id = "subj_gender" href = "#subj_g">Gender</a></b>,</p> <p>kinds of, <a href = "#sec402">402</a>;</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec403">403</a>;</p> @@ -60254,7 +60244,7 @@ disc., <a href = "#sec2324">2324</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_neuter">Neuter</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_general" id = "subj_general" href = +<b><a id = "subj_general" href = "#subj_g">General</a></b>,</p> <p>truth, expressed by pres., <a href = "#sec1588">1588</a>;</p> <p>expressed by impf., <a href = "#sec1599">1599</a>;</p> @@ -60277,7 +60267,7 @@ disc., <a href = "#sec2324">2324</a>;</p> "#sec1030">1030</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_genitive" id = "subj_genitive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_genitive" href = "#subj_g">Genitive case</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec419">419</a>;</p> <p>plur., how formed, <a href = "#sec427">427</a>;</p> @@ -60425,7 +60415,7 @@ With substantives, <a href = "#sec1227">1227-1262</a>;</p> = "#sec1257">1257</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quidquid est</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec1259">1259</a>;</p> <p>the objective, <a href = "#sec1260">1260-1262</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page519" id = "page519"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page519"> 519</a></span> <p>objective, <b>nostrī</b>, <b>vestrī</b>, <a href = "#sec2335">2335</a>.</p> @@ -60483,13 +60473,13 @@ Of exclamation, <a href = "#sec1295">1295</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2164">2164</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_genus" id = "subj_genus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_genus" href = "#subj_g">Genus</a></b>,</p> <p><i>par</i>, <i>duplex</i>, <i>sescuplex</i>, <a href = "#sec2527">2527</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_gerund" id = "subj_gerund" href = +<b><a id = "subj_gerund" href = "#subj_g">Gerund</a></b>,</p> <p>no plur. of, <a href = "#sec416">416</a>;</p> <p>a verbal noun, <a href = "#sec732">732</a>, @@ -60523,7 +60513,7 @@ Of exclamation, <a href = "#sec1295">1295</a>;</p> <p>in abl. of separation, <a href = "#sec2268">2268</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_gerundive" id = "subj_gerundive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_gerundive" href = "#subj_g">Gerundive</a></b>,</p> <p>a verbal noun, <a href = "#sec732">732</a>, <a href = "#sec2237">2237</a>;</p> @@ -60581,37 +60571,37 @@ Of exclamation, <a href = "#sec1295">1295</a>;</p> <p>with compar. expression, <a href = "#sec2268">2268</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_giving" id = "subj_giving" href = +<b><a id = "subj_giving" href = "#subj_g">Giving</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, <a href = "#sec1712">1712</a>;</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_glides" id = "subj_glides" href = +<b><a id = "subj_glides" href = "#subj_g">Glides</a></b>,</p> <p>consonantal, <a href = "#sec167">167</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_glyconic" id = "subj_glyconic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_glyconic" href = "#subj_g">Glyconic</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2660">2660-2662</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_gnomic" id = "subj_gnomic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_gnomic" href = "#subj_g">Gnomic</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_often">Often</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_gradation" id = "subj_gradation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_gradation" href = "#subj_g">Gradation</a></b>,</p> <p>quantitative vowel, <a href = "#sec135">135</a>;</p> <p>qualitative, <a href = "#sec145">145</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_grave" id = "subj_grave" href = "#subj_g">Grave +<b><a id = "subj_grave" href = "#subj_g">Grave accent</a></b>, <a href = "#sec90">90</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_greek" id = "subj_greek" href = +<b><a id = "subj_greek" href = "#subj_g">Greek</a></b>,</p> <p>characters of the alphabet, <a href = "#sec17">17</a>, <a href = "#sec18">18</a>;</p> @@ -60633,7 +60623,7 @@ accent</a></b>, <a href = "#sec90">90</a>.</p> <p>acc., see <b><a href = "#subj_part">Part concerned</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_grief" id = "subj_grief" href = +<b><a id = "subj_grief" href = "#subj_g">Grief</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>;</p> @@ -60644,20 +60634,20 @@ accent</a></b>, <a href = "#sec90">90</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2184">2184</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_gutturals" id = "subj_gutturals" href = +<b><a id = "subj_gutturals" href = "#subj_g">Gutturals</a></b>, <a href = "#sec44">44</a>, <a href = "#sec77">77</a>;</p> <p>guttural mute stems, decl. of, <a href = "#sec471">471-473</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_h" id = "subj_h" href = "#index_subject">H</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_h" href = "#index_subject">H</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_haplology" id = "subj_haplology" href = +<b><a id = "subj_haplology" href = "#subj_h">Haplology</a></b>, <a href = "#sec179">179</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_happening" id = "subj_happening" href = +<b><a id = "subj_happening" href = "#subj_h">Happening</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>;</p> <p><b>quī</b> with, <a href = "#sec1826">1826</a>, @@ -60670,87 +60660,87 @@ accent</a></b>, <a href = "#sec90">90</a>.</p> <p>with result clause, how translated, <a href = "#sec1966">1966</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page520" id = "page520"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page520"> 520</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hardening" id = "subj_hardening" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hardening" href = "#subj_h">Hardening</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2503">2503</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_harming" id = "subj_harming" href = +<b><a id = "subj_harming" href = "#subj_h">Harming</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, case with, <a href = "#sec1205">1205-1210</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_having" id = "subj_having" href = +<b><a id = "subj_having" href = "#subj_h">Having</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1167">1167</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hearing" id = "subj_hearing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hearing" href = "#subj_h">Hearing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, in pres. of past action, <a href = "#sec1592">1592</a>;</p> <p>with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1774">1774</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_helping" id = "subj_helping" href = +<b><a id = "subj_helping" href = "#subj_h">Helping</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hemiolic" id = "subj_hemiolic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hemiolic" href = "#subj_h">Hemiolic class</a></b>,</p> <p>of rhythms, <a href = "#sec2527">2527</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hendecasyllabic" id = "subj_hendecasyllabic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hendecasyllabic" href = "#subj_h">Hendecasyllabic Alcaic</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2667">2667</a>, <a href = "#sec2668">2668</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hendecasyllable" id = "subj_hendecasyllable" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hendecasyllable" href = "#subj_h">Hendecasyllable</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2664">2664</a>, <a href = "#sec2665">2665</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hephthemimeral" id = "subj_hephthemimeral" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hephthemimeral" href = "#subj_h">Hephthemimeral caesura</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2544">2544</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hephthemimeris" id = "subj_hephthemimeris" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hephthemimeris" href = "#subj_h">Hephthemimeris</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hesitate" id = "subj_hesitate" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hesitate" href = "#subj_h">Hesitate</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1987">1987</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hexameter" id = "subj_hexameter" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hexameter" href = "#subj_h">Hexameter</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>;</p> <p>dactylic, <a href = "#sec2556">2556-2569</a>;</p> <p>bacchiac, <a href = "#sec2705">2705</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hexapody" id = "subj_hexapody" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hexapody" href = "#subj_h">Hexapody</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hiatus" id = "subj_hiatus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hiatus" href = "#subj_h">Hiatus</a></b>,</p> <p>within a word, <a href = "#sec114">114-116</a>;</p> <p>between words, <a href = "#sec2473">2473-2480</a>;</p> <p>at end of verse, <a href = "#sec2533">2533</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hidden" id = "subj_hidden" href = "#subj_h">Hidden +<b><a id = "subj_hidden" href = "#subj_h">Hidden quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2459">2459-2463</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hiding" id = "subj_hiding" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hiding" href = "#subj_h">Hiding</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1169">1169-1171</a>;</p> @@ -60758,7 +60748,7 @@ quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2459">2459-2463</a>.</p> "#sec1170">1170</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hindering" id = "subj_hindering" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hindering" href = "#subj_h">Hindering</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>;</p> @@ -60770,20 +60760,20 @@ quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2459">2459-2463</a>.</p> "#sec2252">2252</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hipponactean" id = "subj_hipponactean" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hipponactean" href = "#subj_h">Hipponactean verse</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2597">2597-2600</a>, <a href = "#sec2639">2639-2641</a>;</p> <p>strophe, in Horace, <a href = "#sec2721">2721</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hiring" id = "subj_hiring" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hiring" href = "#subj_h">Hiring</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1274">1274</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1388">1388-1392</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_historical" id = "subj_historical" href = +<b><a id = "subj_historical" href = "#subj_h">Historical</a></b>,</p> <p>perf., <a href = "#sec1602">1602-1604</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_perfect">Perfect</a></b>;</p> @@ -60791,7 +60781,7 @@ quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2459">2459-2463</a>.</p> <p>pres., see <b><a href = "#subj_vivid">Vivid narration</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hope" id = "subj_hope" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hope" href = "#subj_h">Hope</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, with <b>sī</b>, <b>sī forte</b>, <a href = "#sec1777">1777</a>;</p> @@ -60799,43 +60789,43 @@ quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2459">2459-2463</a>.</p> <p>with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2186">2186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_horace" id = "subj_horace" href = +<b><a id = "subj_horace" href = "#subj_h">Horace</a></b>,</p> <p>lyric metres of, <a href = "#sec2718">2718-2737</a>, <a href = "#sec2739">2739</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hortatory" id = "subj_hortatory" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hortatory" href = "#subj_h">Hortatory</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_desire">Desire</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hostility" id = "subj_hostility" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hostility" href = "#subj_h">Hostility</a></b>,</p> <p>words of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1203">1203</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hypothesis" id = "subj_hypothesis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hypothesis" href = "#subj_h">Hypothesis</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1367">1367</a>;</p> <p>expressed by partic., <a href = "#sec2295">2295</a>;</p> <p>variation of prot., <a href = "#sec2109">2109-2111</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_hypermetrical" id = "subj_hypermetrical" href = +<b><a id = "subj_hypermetrical" href = "#subj_h">Hypermetrical verse</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2568">2568</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_i" id = "subj_i" href = "#index_subject">I</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_i" href = "#index_subject">I</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_iambelegus" id = "subj_iambelegus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_iambelegus" href = "#subj_i">Iambelegus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2678">2678</a>, <a href = "#sec2679">2679</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_iambic" id = "subj_iambic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_iambic" href = "#subj_i">Iambic</a></b>,</p> <p>words, last syllable of, shortened in verse, <a href = "#sec129">129</a>;</p> @@ -60857,35 +60847,35 @@ quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2459">2459-2463</a>.</p> <p>strophe, in Horace, <a href = "#sec2720">2720</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_iambus" id = "subj_iambus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_iambus" href = "#subj_i">Iambus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ictus" id = "subj_ictus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ictus" href = "#subj_i">Ictus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2511">2511</a>;</p> <p>in combination with word accent, <a href = "#sec2548">2548</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_identity" id = "subj_identity" href = +<b><a id = "subj_identity" href = "#subj_i">Identity</a></b>,</p> <p>pron. of, decl. of, <a href = "#sec676">676-678</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec2371">2371-2373</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_idem">īdem</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_illative" id = "subj_illative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_illative" href = "#subj_i">Illative</a></b>,</p> <p>words, use of, <a href = "#sec2133">2133</a>, <a href = "#sec2154">2154-2158</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_illustrations" id = "subj_illustrations" href = +<b><a id = "subj_illustrations" href = "#subj_i">Illustrations</a></b>,</p> <p><b>ut</b> in, <a href = "#sec1941">1941</a>;</p> <p>introduced by <b>nam</b>, <a href = "#sec2155">2155</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_imparisyllables" id = "subj_imparisyllables" href = +<b><a id = "subj_imparisyllables" href = "#subj_i">Imparisyllables</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec469">469</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, cons. stems, <a href = "#sec471">471-512</a>;</p> @@ -60893,7 +60883,7 @@ quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2459">2459-2463</a>.</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec571">571-584</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_imperative" id = "subj_imperative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_imperative" href = "#subj_i">Imperative</a></b>,</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec130_4">130, 4</a>;</p> <p>tense of, <a href = "#sec716">716</a>, @@ -60930,7 +60920,7 @@ quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2459">2459-2463</a>.</p> <p>periphrastic perf. pass., <a href = "#sec1580">1580</a>;</p> <p>in prohibitions, <a href = "#sec1581">1581-1586</a>;</p> <p><b>nōn</b> used with, <a href = "#sec1582">1582</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page521" id = "page521"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page521"> 521</a></span> <p><b>nōlī</b>, <a href = "#sec1583">1583</a>;</p> <p><b>fuge</b>, <b>parce</b>, <b>mitte</b>, &c., with infin., @@ -60949,7 +60939,7 @@ quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2459">2459-2463</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2312">2312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_imperfect" id = "subj_imperfect" href = +<b><a id = "subj_imperfect" href = "#subj_i">Imperfect tense</a></b>,</p> <p>indicative, formation of, <a href = "#sec847">847</a>, <a href = "#sec848">848</a>;</p> @@ -61094,7 +61084,7 @@ Subjunctive, formation of, <a href = "#sec849">849</a>, disc., <a href = "#sec2331">2331-2334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_impersonal" id = "subj_impersonal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_impersonal" href = "#subj_i">Impersonal</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs, forms of, <a href = "#sec815">815-817</a>;</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1034">1034</a>;</p> @@ -61121,13 +61111,13 @@ disc., <a href = "#sec2331">2331-2334</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2247">2247</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_imprecation" id = "subj_imprecation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_imprecation" href = "#subj_i">Imprecation</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by imper., <a href = "#sec1571">1571</a>;</p> <p>in verse, <a href = "#sec2549">2549</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_inceptives" id = "subj_inceptives" href = +<b><a id = "subj_inceptives" href = "#subj_i">Inceptives</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>;</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec834">834</a>;</p> @@ -61143,12 +61133,12 @@ disc., <a href = "#sec2331">2331-2334</a>.</p> "#sec2462">2462</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_inchoatives" id = "subj_inchoatives" href = +<b><a id = "subj_inchoatives" href = "#subj_i">Inchoatives</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_inceptives">Inceptives</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_incomplete" id = "subj_incomplete" href = +<b><a id = "subj_incomplete" href = "#subj_i">Incomplete action</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2240">2240</a>;</p> @@ -61156,7 +61146,7 @@ disc., <a href = "#sec2331">2331-2334</a>.</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_continued">Continued</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_indeclinable" id = "subj_indeclinable" href = +<b><a id = "subj_indeclinable" href = "#subj_i">Indeclinable</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs., <a href = "#sec431">431</a>, <a href = "#sec637">637</a>, @@ -61165,7 +61155,7 @@ disc., <a href = "#sec2331">2331-2334</a>.</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_defective">Defective</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_indefinite" id = "subj_indefinite" href = +<b><a id = "subj_indefinite" href = "#subj_i">Indefinite</a></b>,</p> <p>advs., <a href = "#sec711">711</a>;</p> <p>prons., decl. and list of, <a href = "#sec658">658</a>, @@ -61191,7 +61181,7 @@ Use of 2nd pers. sing., in commands and prohibitions, <a href = <p>of action conceivable, <a href = "#sec1556">1556</a>, <a href = "#sec1558">1558</a>, <a href = "#sec1559">1559</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page522" id = "page522"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page522"> 522</a></span> <p>of repeated action, <a href = "#sec1730">1730</a>;</p> <p>in <b>cum</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1859">1859</a>, @@ -61226,13 +61216,13 @@ Antecedent, omitted, <a href = "#sec1799">1799</a>;</p> "#sec1030">1030</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_independent" id = "subj_independent" href = +<b><a id = "subj_independent" href = "#subj_i">Independent</a></b>,</p> <p>time, of subordinate sentence, <a href = "#sec1738">1738</a>, <a href = "#sec1744">1744</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_indeterminate" id = "subj_indeterminate" href = +<b><a id = "subj_indeterminate" href = "#subj_i">Indeterminate</a></b>,</p> <p>meaning, verbs of, <a href = "#sec1035">1035</a>;</p> <p>with pred. nom., forming pred., <a href = "#sec1035">1035</a>;</p> @@ -61246,7 +61236,7 @@ Antecedent, omitted, <a href = "#sec1799">1799</a>;</p> <p>apodoses to, in ind. disc., <a href = "#sec2330">2330</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_indicative" id = "subj_indicative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_indicative" href = "#subj_i">Indicative mood</a></b>,</p> <p>tenses of, <a href = "#sec716">716</a>;</p> <p>how translated, <a href = "#sec717">717</a>.</p> @@ -61350,13 +61340,13 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_present_tense">Present</a></b>, &c.;</p> <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2116">2116</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_indirect_compound" id = "subj_indirect_compound" href +<b><a id = "subj_indirect_compound" href = "#subj_i">Indirect compound</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec377">377</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_composition">Composition</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_indirect_discourse" id = "subj_indirect_discourse" +<b><a id = "subj_indirect_discourse" href = "#subj_i">Indirect discourse</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1723">1723</a>, <a href = "#sec2309">2309</a>;</p> @@ -61394,7 +61384,7 @@ put illogically in subjv., <a href = "#sec1727">1727</a>, "#sec2234">2234</a>;</p> <p>mood of main sentence in, <a href = "#sec2312">2312-2314</a>;</p> <p>declarative sentences in, <a href = "#sec2312">2312</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page523" id = "page523"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page523"> 523</a></span> <p>imper. sentences in, <a href = "#sec2312">2312</a>;</p> <p>interrogative sentences in, <a href = "#sec2312">2312</a>;</p> @@ -61421,21 +61411,21 @@ put illogically in subjv., <a href = "#sec1727">1727</a>, <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_infinitive">Infinitive</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_indirect_object" id = "subj_indirect_object" href = +<b><a id = "subj_indirect_object" href = "#subj_i">Indirect object</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_complement">Complement</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_indirect_question" id = "subj_indirect_question" href +<b><a id = "subj_indirect_question" href = "#subj_i">Indirect question</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_induced" id = "subj_induced" href = "#subj_i">Induced +<b><a id = "subj_induced" href = "#subj_i">Induced lengthening</a></b>, <a href = "#sec122">122</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_infinitive" id = "subj_infinitive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_infinitive" href = "#subj_i">Infinitive</a></b>,</p> <p>in <b>-e</b>, <b>-ē</b>, <a href = "#sec134_2">134, 2</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec412">412</a>;</p> @@ -61539,7 +61529,7 @@ Use of, treated, <a href = "#sec2160">2160-2236</a>;</p> <p>with <b>nōn dubitō</b>, <a href = "#sec1987">1987</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_inflection" id = "subj_inflection" href = +<b><a id = "subj_inflection" href = "#subj_i">Inflection</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec397">397</a>;</p> <p>of the noun, <a href = "#sec398">398-712</a>, see <b><a href = @@ -61553,25 +61543,25 @@ Use of, treated, <a href = "#sec2160">2160-2236</a>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_verbs">Verbs</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_influence" id = "subj_influence" href = +<b><a id = "subj_influence" href = "#subj_i">Influence</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1316">1316-1319</a>;</p> <p>otherwise expressed, <a href = "#sec1317">1317</a>;</p> <p>see <b>Inducing</b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_initial" id = "subj_initial" href = +<b><a id = "subj_initial" href = "#subj_i">Initial</a></b>,</p> <p>disappearance, of vowel, <a href = "#sec112">112</a>;</p> <p>of cons., <a href = "#sec169">169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_injuring" id = "subj_injuring" href = +<b><a id = "subj_injuring" href = "#subj_i">Injuring</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_inscriptions" id = "subj_inscriptions" href = +<b><a id = "subj_inscriptions" href = "#subj_i">Inscriptions</a></b>,</p> <p>cons. <b>i</b>, how represented in, <a href = "#sec29_2">29, 2</a>;</p> @@ -61609,7 +61599,7 @@ Use of, treated, <a href = "#sec2160">2160-2236</a>;</p> <p>of <b>ille</b> in, <a href = "#sec668">668</a>;</p> <p>of <b>is</b> in, <a href = "#sec674">674</a>;</p> <p>of</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page524" id = "page524"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page524"> 524</a></span> <b>īdem</b> in, <a href = "#sec678">678</a>; <p>of <b>quī</b>, <b>quis</b> in, <a href = "#sec690">690</a>;</p> @@ -61628,7 +61618,7 @@ Use of, treated, <a href = "#sec2160">2160-2236</a>;</p> <p>use of nom. in, <a href = "#sec1114">1114</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_instrument" id = "subj_instrument" href = +<b><a id = "subj_instrument" href = "#subj_i">Instrument</a></b>,</p> <p>suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec238">238-245</a>, <a href = "#sec213">213</a>, @@ -61638,14 +61628,14 @@ Use of, treated, <a href = "#sec2160">2160-2236</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1477">1477</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_instrumental" id = "subj_instrumental" href = +<b><a id = "subj_instrumental" href = "#subj_i">Instrumental case</a></b>,</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec1300">1300</a>;</p> <p>uses of, <a href = "#sec1356">1356-1399</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_ablative">Ablative</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_intensive" id = "subj_intensive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_intensive" href = "#subj_i">Intensive</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs, definition and formation of, <a href = "#sec371">371-374</a>;</p> @@ -61657,18 +61647,18 @@ Use of, treated, <a href = "#sec2160">2160-2236</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_ipse">ipse</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_intention" id = "subj_intention" href = +<b><a id = "subj_intention" href = "#subj_i">Intention</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, <a href = "#sec1223">1223-1225</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_interest" id = "subj_interest" href = +<b><a id = "subj_interest" href = "#subj_i">Interest</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, <a href = "#sec1205">1205-1210</a>;</p> <p>expressed by emotional dat., <a href = "#sec1211">1211</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_interjections" id = "subj_interjections" href = +<b><a id = "subj_interjections" href = "#subj_i">Interjections</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec14">14</a>;</p> <p>used with nom., <a href = "#sec1117">1117</a>, @@ -61682,31 +61672,31 @@ Use of, treated, <a href = "#sec2160">2160-2236</a>;</p> <p>monosyllabic, not elided, <a href = "#sec2484">2484</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_intermediate" id = "subj_intermediate" href = +<b><a id = "subj_intermediate" href = "#subj_i">Intermediate</a></b>,</p> <p>coordinate sentence, treated, <a href = "#sec1693">1693-1713</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_interrogations" id = "subj_interrogations" href = +<b><a id = "subj_interrogations" href = "#subj_i">Interrogations</a></b>,</p> <p>neg. adv. in, <a href = "#sec1443">1443</a>;</p> <p>as apod. in <b>tam . . . quam</b> sentences, <a href = "#sec1889">1889</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_interrogative_adverbs" id = +<b><a id = "subj_interrogative_adverbs" href = "#subj_i">Interrogative adverbs</a></b>, <a href = "#sec711">711</a>, <a href = "#sec1526">1526</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_interrogative_implication" id = +<b><a id = "subj_interrogative_implication" href = "#subj_i">Interrogative implication</a></b>,</p> <p>infin. of intimation with, <a href = "#sec1538">1538</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_interrogative_pronouns" id = +<b><a id = "subj_interrogative_pronouns" href = "#subj_i">Interrogative pronouns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec658">658</a>, @@ -61735,7 +61725,7 @@ pronouns</a></b>,</p> <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec2386">2386</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_interrogative_sentences" id = +<b><a id = "subj_interrogative_sentences" href = "#subj_i">Interrogative sentences</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1025">1025</a>;</p> @@ -61744,14 +61734,14 @@ sentences</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_interrogative_subjunctive" id = +<b><a id = "subj_interrogative_subjunctive" href = "#subj_i">Interrogative subjunctive</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1563">1563-1569</a>;</p> <p>in subordinate sentence, <a href = "#sec1731">1731</a>;</p> <p>in indirect question, <a href = "#sec1786">1786</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_intimation" id = "subj_intimation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_intimation" href = "#subj_i">Intimation</a></b>,</p> <p>infin. of, <a href = "#sec1534">1534-1539</a>, <a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>, @@ -61761,7 +61751,7 @@ subjunctive</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1563">1563-1569</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2009">2009</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_intransitive" id = "subj_intransitive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_intransitive" href = "#subj_i">Intransitive use</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, used impersonally in pass., <a href = "#sec724">724</a>, <a href = "#sec1479">1479</a>;</p> @@ -61774,7 +61764,7 @@ subjunctive</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1563">1563-1569</a>;</p> <p>use of gerundive of, <a href = "#sec2246">2246</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ionic" id = "subj_ionic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ionic" href = "#subj_i">Ionic</a></b>,</p> <p>rhythms, <a href = "#sec2708">2708-2717</a>;</p> <p>ā māiōre, <a href = "#sec2708">2708-2713</a>;</p> @@ -61784,31 +61774,31 @@ subjunctive</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1563">1563-1569</a>;</p> <p>system, in Horace, <a href = "#sec2737">2737</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ionic_maj" id = "subj_ionic_maj" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ionic_maj" href = "#subj_i">Ionic ā māiōre</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_ionic">Ionic</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ionic_min" id = "subj_ionic_min" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ionic_min" href = "#subj_i">Ionic ā minōre</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_ionic">Ionic</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_irrational" id = "subj_irrational" href = +<b><a id = "subj_irrational" href = "#subj_i">Irrational syllables and feet</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2524">2524</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_irregular" id = "subj_irregular" href = +<b><a id = "subj_irregular" href = "#subj_i">Irregular</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs, defined, <a href = "#sec743">743</a>;</p> <p>conjugated, <a href = "#sec744">744-781</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_conjugation">Conjugation</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_islands" id = "subj_islands" href = +<b><a id = "subj_islands" href = "#subj_i">Islands</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, in acc., with expressions of motion, <a href = "#sec1157">1157</a>, @@ -61823,19 +61813,19 @@ subjunctive</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1563">1563-1569</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1793">1793</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_iterative" id = "subj_iterative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_iterative" href = "#subj_i">Iterative</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_frequentative">Frequentative</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ithyphallic" id = "subj_ithyphallic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ithyphallic" href = "#subj_i">Ithyphallic verse</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2647">2647</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_j" id = "subj_j" href = "#index_subject">J</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_j" href = "#index_subject">J</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_joy" id = "subj_joy" href = +<b><a id = "subj_joy" href = "#subj_j">Joy</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>;</p> @@ -61846,7 +61836,7 @@ subjunctive</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1563">1563-1569</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2184">2184</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_judicial" id = "subj_judicial" href = +<b><a id = "subj_judicial" href = "#subj_j">Judicial</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs, with gen., <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1280">1280-1282</a>;</p> @@ -61854,30 +61844,30 @@ subjunctive</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1563">1563-1569</a>;</p> "#sec2264">2264</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_k" id = "subj_k" href = "#index_subject">K</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_k" href = "#index_subject">K</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_keeping" id = "subj_keeping" href = +<b><a id = "subj_keeping" href = "#subj_k">Keeping</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1167">1167</a>;</p> <p>with pred. abl., <a href = "#sec1363">1363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_kindred" id = "subj_kindred" href = +<b><a id = "subj_kindred" href = "#subj_k">Kindred</a></b>,</p> <p>derivation, acc. of, <a href = "#sec1140">1140</a>, <a href = "#sec1173">1173</a>;</p> <p>meaning, acc. of, <a href = "#sec1141">1141</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_know" id = "subj_know" href = "#subj_k">Know +<b><a id = "subj_know" href = "#subj_k">Know how</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page525" id = "page525"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page525"> 525</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_knowing" id = "subj_knowing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_knowing" href = "#subj_k">Knowing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, coordinated, <a href = "#sec1696">1696</a>;</p> <p>with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1774">1774</a>;</p> @@ -61888,25 +61878,25 @@ how</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_known" id = "subj_known" href = +<b><a id = "subj_known" href = "#subj_k">Known</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, cases with, <a href = "#sec1200">1200</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_l" id = "subj_l" href = "#index_subject">L</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_l" href = "#index_subject">L</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_labials" id = "subj_labials" href = +<b><a id = "subj_labials" href = "#subj_l">Labials</a></b>, <a href = "#sec45">45</a>, <a href = "#sec77">77</a>;</p> <p>labial mute stems, decl. of, <a href = "#sec479">479</a>, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_labiodental" id = "subj_labiodental" href = +<b><a id = "subj_labiodental" href = "#subj_l">Labiodental</a></b>, <a href = "#sec77">77</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_lacking" id = "subj_lacking" href = +<b><a id = "subj_lacking" href = "#subj_l">Lacking</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>;</p> @@ -61915,12 +61905,12 @@ how</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1302">1302-1306</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_lamentation" id = "subj_lamentation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_lamentation" href = "#subj_l">Lamentation</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by infin., <a href = "#sec2216">2216</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_laws" id = "subj_laws" href = +<b><a id = "subj_laws" href = "#subj_l">Laws</a></b>,</p> <p><b>duim</b>, &c. in, <a href = "#sec756">756</a>;</p> <p>forms of perf. subjv. and fut. perf. in, <a href = @@ -61936,22 +61926,22 @@ how</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2014">2014</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_learn" id = "subj_learn" href = +<b><a id = "subj_learn" href = "#subj_l">Learn</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_leaving" id = "subj_leaving" href = +<b><a id = "subj_leaving" href = "#subj_l">Leaving</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, infin. of purpose with, <a href = "#sec2165">2165</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_legal" id = "subj_legal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_legal" href = "#subj_l">Legal</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_laws">Laws</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_lengthening" id = "subj_lengthening" href = +<b><a id = "subj_lengthening" href = "#subj_l">Lengthening</a></b>,</p> <p>of vowels, <a href = "#sec121">121-123</a>;</p> <p>by compensation, <a href = "#sec121">121</a>;</p> @@ -61959,38 +61949,38 @@ how</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec462">462</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_letters" id = "subj_letters" href = +<b><a id = "subj_letters" href = "#subj_l">Letters</a></b>,</p> <p>tenses <b>in</b>, <a href = "#sec1601">1601</a>, <a href = "#sec1616">1616</a>;</p> <p>of alphabet, see <b><a href = "#subj_alphabet">Alphabet</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_letting" id = "subj_letting" href = +<b><a id = "subj_letting" href = "#subj_l">Letting</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1274">1274</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1388">1388-1392</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_lightening" id = "subj_lightening" href = +<b><a id = "subj_lightening" href = "#subj_l">Lightening</a></b>, <a href = "#sec168">168</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_like" id = "subj_like" href = +<b><a id = "subj_like" href = "#subj_l">Like</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, cases with, <a href = "#sec1200">1200</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_loathing" id = "subj_loathing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_loathing" href = "#subj_l">Loathing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1286">1286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_local" id = "subj_local" href = "#subj_l">Local +<b><a id = "subj_local" href = "#subj_l">Local sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_locative" id = "subj_locative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_locative" href = "#subj_l">Locative case</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec420">420</a>;</p> <p>in what words used, <a href = "#sec420">420</a>;</p> @@ -62030,32 +62020,32 @@ sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>.</p> <p><b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2015">2015</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_logaoedic" id = "subj_logaoedic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_logaoedic" href = "#subj_l">Logaoedic rhythms</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2650">2650-2674</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_loss" id = "subj_loss" href = +<b><a id = "subj_loss" href = "#subj_l">Loss</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_disappearance">Disappearance</a></b>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_m" id = "subj_m" href = "#index_subject">M</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_m" href = "#index_subject">M</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_main" id = "subj_main" href = +<b><a id = "subj_main" href = "#subj_m">Main</a></b>,</p> <p>sentences, in ind. disc., mood of, <a href = "#sec2312">2312-2314</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_making" id = "subj_making" href = +<b><a id = "subj_making" href = "#subj_m">Making</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1167">1167</a>;</p> <p>with pred. abl., <a href = "#sec1363">1363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_manner" id = "subj_manner" href = +<b><a id = "subj_manner" href = "#subj_m">Manner</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by neut. acc. of adj., <a href = "#sec1142">1142</a>;</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1358">1358-1361</a>;</p> @@ -62069,7 +62059,7 @@ sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>.</p> <p>expressed by partic., <a href = "#sec2295">2295</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_masculine" id = "subj_masculine" href = +<b><a id = "subj_masculine" href = "#subj_m">Masculine</a></b>,</p> <p>gender, general rules for, <a href = "#sec405">405</a>, <a href = "#sec406">406</a>;</p> @@ -62077,14 +62067,14 @@ sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>.</p> <p>caesura, <a href = "#sec2557">2557</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_mastery" id = "subj_mastery" href = +<b><a id = "subj_mastery" href = "#subj_m">Mastery</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1292">1292</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1379">1379</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1380">1380</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_material" id = "subj_material" href = +<b><a id = "subj_material" href = "#subj_m">Material</a></b>,</p> <p>substs., defined, <a href = "#sec6">6</a>;</p> <p>substs., plur. of, <a href = "#sec416">416</a>, @@ -62096,13 +62086,13 @@ sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>.</p> <p>expressed by adj., <a href = "#sec1427">1427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_maxims" id = "subj_maxims" href = +<b><a id = "subj_maxims" href = "#subj_m">Maxims</a></b>,</p> <p>imper. in, <a href = "#sec1575">1575</a>, <a href = "#sec1586">1586</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_means" id = "subj_means" href = +<b><a id = "subj_means" href = "#subj_m">Means</a></b>,</p> <p>suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec238">238-245</a>, <a href = "#sec213">213</a>, @@ -62118,28 +62108,28 @@ sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>.</p> <p>expressed by partic., <a href = "#sec2295">2295</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_measure" id = "subj_measure" href = +<b><a id = "subj_measure" href = "#subj_m">Measure</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1388">1388-1392</a>;</p> <p>expressed by gen., <a href = "#sec1255">1255</a>;</p> <p>unit of, defined, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page526" id = "page526"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page526"> 526</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_medial" id = "subj_medial" href = +<b><a id = "subj_medial" href = "#subj_m">Medial</a></b>,</p> <p>disappearance, of vowel, <a href = "#sec112">112</a>;</p> <p>of cons., <a href = "#sec170">170</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_meditative" id = "subj_meditative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_meditative" href = "#subj_m">Meditative</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs, definition and formation of, <a href = "#sec375">375</a>;</p> <p>the, <a href = "#sec970">970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_memory" id = "subj_memory" href = +<b><a id = "subj_memory" href = "#subj_m">Memory</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1287">1287-1291</a>;</p> @@ -62149,62 +62139,62 @@ sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec1291">1291</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_mental" id = "subj_mental" href = "#subj_m">Mental +<b><a id = "subj_mental" href = "#subj_m">Mental distress</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1283">1283-1286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_metre" id = "subj_metre" href = +<b><a id = "subj_metre" href = "#subj_m">Metre</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2512">2512</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_metrical" id = "subj_metrical" href = +<b><a id = "subj_metrical" href = "#subj_m">Metrical lengthening</a></b>, <a href = "#sec123_2">123, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_middle" id = "subj_middle" href = +<b><a id = "subj_middle" href = "#subj_m">Middle</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_reflexive_verbs">Reflexive</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_military" id = "subj_military" href = +<b><a id = "subj_military" href = "#subj_m">Military</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions, dat. in, <a href = "#sec1223">1223</a>, <a href = "#sec1225">1225</a>;</p> <p>abl. in, <a href = "#sec1356">1356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_mobile" id = "subj_mobile" href = +<b><a id = "subj_mobile" href = "#subj_m">Mobile</a></b>,</p> <p>nouns, defined, <a href = "#sec409">409</a>;</p> <p>substs., agreement of, <a href = "#sec1078">1078</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_modal" id = "subj_modal" href = "#subj_m">Modal +<b><a id = "subj_modal" href = "#subj_m">Modal sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_modesty" id = "subj_modesty" href = +<b><a id = "subj_modesty" href = "#subj_m">Modesty</a></b>,</p> <p>plur. of, <a href = "#sec1074">1074</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_molossus" id = "subj_molossus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_molossus" href = "#subj_m">Molossus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_monometer" id = "subj_monometer" href = +<b><a id = "subj_monometer" href = "#subj_m">Monometer</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>;</p> <p>trochaic, <a href = "#sec2649">2649</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_monopody" id = "subj_monopody" href = +<b><a id = "subj_monopody" href = "#subj_m">Monopody</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_monosyllables" id = "subj_monosyllables" href = +<b><a id = "subj_monosyllables" href = "#subj_m">Monosyllables</a></b>,</p> <p>defective in case, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>;</p> <p>quantity of, <a href = "#sec2430">2430-2433</a>;</p> @@ -62215,13 +62205,13 @@ sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2495">2495</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_months" id = "subj_months" href = +<b><a id = "subj_months" href = "#subj_m">Months</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, adjs., <a href = "#sec627">627</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec627">627</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_moods" id = "subj_moods" href = +<b><a id = "subj_moods" href = "#subj_m">Moods</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, <a href = "#sec715">715</a>;</p> <p>subjv. in simple sentence, syntax of, <a href = @@ -62250,11 +62240,11 @@ sentence, <a href = "#sec1731">1731</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_quod">quod</a></b>, <b>cum</b>, &c.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_mora" id = "subj_mora" href = "#subj_m">Mora</a></b>, +<b><a id = "subj_mora" href = "#subj_m">Mora</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_motion" id = "subj_motion" href = +<b><a id = "subj_motion" href = "#subj_m">Motion</a></b>,</p> <p>aim of, denoted by acc., <a href = "#sec1157">1157-1166</a>;</p> <p>end of, denoted by dat., <a href = "#sec1210">1210</a>;</p> @@ -62270,7 +62260,7 @@ sentence, <a href = "#sec1731">1731</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2270">2270</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_motive" id = "subj_motive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_motive" href = "#subj_m">Motive</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1316">1316-1319</a>;</p> <p>expressed by abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1367">1367</a>, @@ -62280,26 +62270,26 @@ sentence, <a href = "#sec1731">1731</a>;</p> <p>expressed by <b>tamquam</b>, <a href = "#sec1909">1909</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_mountains" id = "subj_mountains" href = +<b><a id = "subj_mountains" href = "#subj_m">Mountains</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, gender, <a href = "#sec405">405</a>, <a href = "#sec406">406</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_multiplicatives" id = "subj_multiplicatives" href = +<b><a id = "subj_multiplicatives" href = "#subj_m">Multiplicatives</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2423">2423</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_mutes" id = "subj_mutes" href = +<b><a id = "subj_mutes" href = "#subj_m">Mutes</a></b>, <a href = "#sec73">73</a>;</p> <p>mute stems, decl. of, <a href = "#sec471">471-480</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_n" id = "subj_n" href = "#index_subject">N</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_n" href = "#index_subject">N</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_names" id = "subj_names" href = +<b><a id = "subj_names" href = "#subj_n">Names</a></b>,</p> <p>of characters of alphabet, <a href = "#sec16">16</a>;</p> <p>proper, defined, <a href = "#sec5">5</a>;</p> @@ -62319,34 +62309,34 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <p>of females, gender of, <a href = "#sec407">407</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_naming" id = "subj_naming" href = +<b><a id = "subj_naming" href = "#subj_n">Naming</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1167">1167</a>;</p> <p>with indef. subj., <a href = "#sec1033">1033</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_narration" id = "subj_narration" href = +<b><a id = "subj_narration" href = "#subj_n">Narration</a></b>,</p> <p>vivid, pres. of, <a href = "#sec1590">1590</a>;</p> <p>asyndeton in, <a href = "#sec1639">1639</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_present_tense">Present</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_nasals" id = "subj_nasals" href = +<b><a id = "subj_nasals" href = "#subj_n">Nasals</a></b>, <a href = "#sec76">76</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_near" id = "subj_near" href = +<b><a id = "subj_near" href = "#subj_n">Near</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, cases with, <a href = "#sec1200">1200-1203</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_necessary" id = "subj_necessary" href = +<b><a id = "subj_necessary" href = "#subj_n">Necessary</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, cases with, <a href = "#sec1200">1200-1203</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_necessity" id = "subj_necessity" href = +<b><a id = "subj_necessity" href = "#subj_n">Necessity</a></b>,</p> <p>verbal expressions of, in conditional periods, <a href = "#sec2074">2074</a>, @@ -62358,16 +62348,16 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <p>expressed by subjv., <a href = "#sec1552">1552</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_need" id = "subj_need" href = +<b><a id = "subj_need" href = "#subj_n">Need</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>verbs meaning, with abl., <a href = "#sec1302">1302-1306</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page527" id = "page527"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page527"> 527</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_negative" id = "subj_negative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_negative" href = "#subj_n">Negative</a></b>,</p> <p>advs., general use of, <a href = "#sec1443">1443-1453</a>;</p> <p>with wishes, <a href = "#sec1540">1540</a>;</p> @@ -62414,12 +62404,12 @@ result, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>;</p> <p>sentence, <b>quisquam</b> in, <a href = "#sec2402">2402</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_neglect" id = "subj_neglect" href = +<b><a id = "subj_neglect" href = "#subj_n">Neglect</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_neuter" id = "subj_neuter" href = +<b><a id = "subj_neuter" href = "#subj_n">Neuter</a></b>,</p> <p>gender, defined, <a href = "#sec402">402</a>;</p> <p>general rule for, <a href = "#sec412">412</a>;</p> @@ -62443,12 +62433,12 @@ result, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2247">2247</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_nine-syllabled" id = "subj_nine-syllabled" href = +<b><a id = "subj_nine-syllabled" href = "#subj_n">Nine-syllabled Alcaic</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2642">2642</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_nominative" id = "subj_nominative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_nominative" href = "#subj_n">Nominative case</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec419">419</a>;</p> <p>sing., of gender nouns, how formed, <a href = "#sec422">422</a>, @@ -62555,7 +62545,7 @@ Uses of, <a href = "#sec1113">1113-1123</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2251">2251</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_non-occurrent" id = "subj_non-occurrent" href = +<b><a id = "subj_non-occurrent" href = "#subj_n">Non-occurrent</a></b>,</p> <p>action, tense of, in subordinate sentence, <a href = "#sec1753">1753</a>, @@ -62566,11 +62556,11 @@ Uses of, <a href = "#sec1113">1113-1123</a>;</p> <p>apodoses of, in ind. disc., <a href = "#sec2331">2331-2334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_notation" id = "subj_notation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_notation" href = "#subj_n">Notation</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2406">2406-2411</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_nouns" id = "subj_nouns" href = +<b><a id = "subj_nouns" href = "#subj_n">Nouns</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec3">3-8</a>;</p> <p>endings of, with shortened vowel, <a href = "#sec129">129</a>, @@ -62605,7 +62595,7 @@ Uses of, <a href = "#sec1113">1113-1123</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec545">545</a>, <a href = "#sec566">566-569</a>, <a href = "#sec603">603</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page528" id = "page528"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page528"> 528</a></span> <p>agreement of, <a href = "#sec1077">1077-1098</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_agreement">Agreement</a></b>;</p> @@ -62615,7 +62605,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_ablative">Ablative</a></b>, &c., <b><a href = "#subj_adjectives">Adjectives</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_nouns_verb" id = "subj_nouns_verb" href = +<b><a id = "subj_nouns_verb" href = "#subj_n">Nouns of the verb</a></b>,</p> <p>enumerated, <a href = "#sec732">732</a>;</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec894">894-919</a>, see <b><a href = @@ -62629,7 +62619,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_ablative">Ablative</a></b>, &c., <b><a href = "#subj_participles">Participles</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_number" id = "subj_number" href = +<b><a id = "subj_number" href = "#subj_n">Number</a></b>,</p> <p>in nouns, defined, <a href = "#sec414">414</a>;</p> <p>in verbs, defined, <a href = "#sec722">722</a>;</p> @@ -62670,7 +62660,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_ablative">Ablative</a></b>, &c., <p>denoted by advs., <a href = "#sec1438">1438</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_numeral_adjectives" id = "subj_numeral_adjectives" +<b><a id = "subj_numeral_adjectives" href = "#subj_n">Numeral adjectives</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec637">637-643</a>;</p> <p>agreeing with a rel., <a href = "#sec1810">1810</a>;</p> @@ -62679,14 +62669,14 @@ href = "#subj_n">Numeral adjectives</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_numerals">Numerals</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_numeral_adverbs" id = "subj_numeral_adverbs" href = +<b><a id = "subj_numeral_adverbs" href = "#subj_n">Numeral adverbs</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2404">2404</a>;</p> <p>table of, <a href = "#sec2405">2405</a>;</p> <p>forms in <b>-iēns</b>, <b>-iēs</b>, <a href = "#sec2414">2414</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_numerals" id = "subj_numerals" href = +<b><a id = "subj_numerals" href = "#subj_n">Numerals</a></b>,</p> <p>cardinals, decl. of, <a href = "#sec637">637-642</a>, <a href = "#sec431">431</a>;</p> @@ -62709,19 +62699,19 @@ Adjectives</a></b>, <b><a href = "#subj_distributive">Distributive</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_numeri" id = "subj_numeri" href = "#subj_n">Numeri +<b><a id = "subj_numeri" href = "#subj_n">Numeri Italici</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2549">2549</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_o" id = "subj_o" href = "#index_subject">O</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_o" href = "#index_subject">O</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_obeying" id = "subj_obeying" href = +<b><a id = "subj_obeying" href = "#subj_o">Obeying</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_object" id = "subj_object" href = +<b><a id = "subj_object" href = "#subj_o">Object</a></b>,</p> <p>of a subst., defined, <a href = "#sec1046">1046</a>;</p> <p>of a verb, direct, becomes nom. in pass., <a href = @@ -62743,7 +62733,7 @@ Italici</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2549">2549</a>.</p> <p>indirect, see <b><a href = "#subj_complement">Complement</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_objective" id = "subj_objective" href = +<b><a id = "subj_objective" href = "#subj_o">Objective</a></b>,</p> <p>compounds, defined, <a href = "#sec384">384</a>;</p> <p>gen., <a href = "#sec1260">1260-1262</a>;</p> @@ -62751,7 +62741,7 @@ Italici</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2549">2549</a>.</p> "#sec2335">2335</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_obligation" id = "subj_obligation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_obligation" href = "#subj_o">Obligation</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, in indic. with infin., <a href = "#sec1495">1495-1497</a>;</p> @@ -62760,16 +62750,16 @@ Italici</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2549">2549</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2248">2248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_obligatory" id = "subj_obligatory" href = +<b><a id = "subj_obligatory" href = "#subj_o">Obligatory</a></b>,</p> <p>use of verb, <a href = "#sec2306">2306</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_oblique" id = "subj_oblique" href = "#subj_o">Oblique +<b><a id = "subj_oblique" href = "#subj_o">Oblique cases</a></b>, <a href = "#sec419">419</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_octonarius" id = "subj_octonarius" href = +<b><a id = "subj_octonarius" href = "#subj_o">Octōnārius</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>;</p> <p>iambic, <a href = "#sec2604">2604-2609</a>;</p> @@ -62778,7 +62768,7 @@ cases</a></b>, <a href = "#sec419">419</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2685">2685</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_office" id = "subj_office" href = +<b><a id = "subj_office" href = "#subj_o">Office</a></b>,</p> <p>suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec216">216</a>, <a href = "#sec235">235</a>;</p> @@ -62786,13 +62776,13 @@ cases</a></b>, <a href = "#sec419">419</a>.</p> "#sec2254">2254</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_often" id = "subj_often" href = +<b><a id = "subj_often" href = "#subj_o">Often</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. expressing action often or never done, <a href = "#sec1611">1611</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_omission" id = "subj_omission" href = +<b><a id = "subj_omission" href = "#subj_o">Omission</a></b>,</p> <p>of prep., with several substs., <a href = "#sec1430">1430</a>;</p> <p>of antecedent of rel., <a href = "#sec1798">1798</a>, @@ -62801,27 +62791,27 @@ cases</a></b>, <a href = "#sec419">419</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2184">2184</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_open" id = "subj_open" href = "#subj_o">Open +<b><a id = "subj_open" href = "#subj_o">Open vowels</a></b>, <a href = "#sec46">46</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_optative" id = "subj_optative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_optative" href = "#subj_o">Optative</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_wish">Wish</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_oratio" id = "subj_oratio" href = "#subj_o">Ōrātiō +<b><a id = "subj_oratio" href = "#subj_o">Ōrātiō Oblīqua</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_indirect_discourse">Indirect Discourse</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_order" id = "subj_order" href = +<b><a id = "subj_order" href = "#subj_o">Order</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_command">Command</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ordinal" id = "subj_ordinal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ordinal" href = "#subj_o">Ordinal</a></b>,</p> <p>numerals, decl. of, <a href = "#sec643">643</a>;</p> <p>in acc., to express time, <a href = "#sec1155">1155</a>;</p> @@ -62834,10 +62824,10 @@ Discourse</a></b>.</p> <p>with subst. not used in sing., <a href = "#sec2419">2419</a>;</p> <p><b>quisque</b> with, <a href = "#sec2397">2397</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page529" id = "page529"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page529"> 529</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_origin" id = "subj_origin" href = +<b><a id = "subj_origin" href = "#subj_o">Origin</a></b>,</p> <p>adj. suffixes implying, <a href = "#sec298">298</a>, <a href = "#sec302">302-330</a>;</p> @@ -62848,44 +62838,44 @@ Discourse</a></b>.</p> <p>expressed by adj., <a href = "#sec1427">1427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ought" id = "subj_ought" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ought" href = "#subj_o">Ought</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_owner" id = "subj_owner" href = +<b><a id = "subj_owner" href = "#subj_o">Owner</a></b>,</p> <p>gn. of, <a href = "#sec1232">1232-1238</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_p" id = "subj_p" href = "#index_subject">P</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_p" href = "#index_subject">P</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_paeon" id = "subj_paeon" href = +<b><a id = "subj_paeon" href = "#subj_p">Paeon</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_palatal" id = "subj_palatal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_palatal" href = "#subj_p">Palatal</a></b>, <a href = "#sec44">44</a>, <a href = "#sec77">77</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_palimbacchius" id = "subj_palimbacchius" href = +<b><a id = "subj_palimbacchius" href = "#subj_p">Palimbacchius</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pardoning" id = "subj_pardoning" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pardoning" href = "#subj_p">Pardoning</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_parentage" id = "subj_parentage" href = +<b><a id = "subj_parentage" href = "#subj_p">Parentage</a></b>,</p> <p>denoted by abl., <a href = "#sec1312">1312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_parentheses" id = "subj_parentheses" href = +<b><a id = "subj_parentheses" href = "#subj_p">Parentheses</a></b>,</p> <p>asyndeton in, <a href = "#sec1642">1642</a>;</p> <p>introduced by <b>nam</b>, <b>et</b>, &c., <a href = @@ -62902,7 +62892,7 @@ Discourse</a></b>.</p> <p><b>sī placet</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec2113">2113</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_parisyllables" id = "subj_parisyllables" href = +<b><a id = "subj_parisyllables" href = "#subj_p">Parisyllables</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec515">515</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec517">517-528</a>, @@ -62911,24 +62901,24 @@ Discourse</a></b>.</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec577">577-579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_paroemiac" id = "subj_paroemiac" href = +<b><a id = "subj_paroemiac" href = "#subj_p">Paroemiac</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2688">2688</a>, <a href = "#sec2689">2689</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_part" id = "subj_part" href = "#subj_p">Part +<b><a id = "subj_part" href = "#subj_p">Part concerned</a></b>,</p> <p>acc. of, <a href = "#sec1147">1147</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_participation" id = "subj_participation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_participation" href = "#subj_p">Participation</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>, <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>;</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1292">1292</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_participles" id = "subj_participles" href = +<b><a id = "subj_participles" href = "#subj_p">Participles</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec732">732</a>, <a href = "#sec2278">2278</a>;</p> @@ -63040,7 +63030,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘2993’">2093</a>, Perfect active, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_particles" id = "subj_particles" href = +<b><a id = "subj_particles" href = "#subj_p">Particles</a></b>,</p> <p>interrogative, see <b>Interrogative</b>;</p> <p>exclamatory, see <b><a href = @@ -63050,14 +63040,14 @@ Perfect active, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>.</p> see <b><a href = "#subj_conjunctive">Conjunctive</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_partitive" id = "subj_partitive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_partitive" href = "#subj_p">Partitive</a></b>,</p> <p>gen., <a href = "#sec1241">1241-1254</a>;</p> <p><b>nostrū̆m</b>, <b>vestrū̆m</b> used as, <a href = "#sec2335">2335</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_parts" id = "subj_parts" href = +<b><a id = "subj_parts" href = "#subj_p">Parts</a></b>,</p> <p>of speech, <a href = "#sec2">2-15</a>;</p> <p>prin., of verbs, <a href = "#sec733">733-735</a>;</p> @@ -63066,7 +63056,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_conjunctive">Conjunctive</a></b>.</p> "#subj_verbs">Verbs</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_passive" id = "subj_passive" href = "#subj_p">Passive +<b><a id = "subj_passive" href = "#subj_p">Passive voice</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec723">723</a>, <a href = "#sec1472">1472</a>;</p> @@ -63095,7 +63085,7 @@ voice</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1472">1472-1485</a>;</p> <p>complementary dat. of act. made subj. in, <a href = "#sec1181">1181</a>,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page530" id = "page530"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page530"> 530</a></span> <a href = "#sec1480">1480</a>, <a href = "#sec2202">2202</a>; @@ -63119,44 +63109,44 @@ and impersonal constructions of, <a href = "#sec2177">2177-2182</a>;</p> <p>fut. infin., formation and use of, <a href = "#sec2273">2273</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_patronymics" id = "subj_patronymics" href = +<b><a id = "subj_patronymics" href = "#subj_p">Patronymics</a></b>,</p> <p>suffixes forming, <a href = "#sec279">279</a>;</p> <p>gen. plur. of, <a href = "#sec439">439</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pauses" id = "subj_pauses" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pauses" href = "#subj_p">Pauses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2540">2540</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_penalty" id = "subj_penalty" href = +<b><a id = "subj_penalty" href = "#subj_p">Penalty</a></b>,</p> <p>denoted by gen., <a href = "#sec1282">1282</a>;</p> <p>denoted by abl., <a href = "#sec1282">1282</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pentameter" id = "subj_pentameter" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pentameter" href = "#subj_p">Pentameter</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>;</p> <p>dactylic, <a href = "#sec2570">2570-2576</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pentapody" id = "subj_pentapody" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pentapody" href = "#subj_p">Pentapody</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>;</p> <p>logaoedic, <a href = "#sec2664">2664-2668</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_penthemimeral" id = "subj_penthemimeral" href = +<b><a id = "subj_penthemimeral" href = "#subj_p">Penthemimeral caesura</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2544">2544</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_penthemimeris" id = "subj_penthemimeris" href = +<b><a id = "subj_penthemimeris" href = "#subj_p">Penthemimeris</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_penult" id = "subj_penult" href = +<b><a id = "subj_penult" href = "#subj_p">Penult</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec175">175</a>;</p> <p>when accented, <a href = "#sec86">86</a>, @@ -63165,7 +63155,7 @@ and impersonal constructions of, <a href = "#sec2177">2177-2182</a>;</p> "#sec2434">2434-2436</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_perceiving" id = "subj_perceiving" href = +<b><a id = "subj_perceiving" href = "#subj_p">Perceiving</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, coordinated, <a href = "#sec1696">1696</a>;</p> <p>in pres. with <b>postquam, ubī̆, ut</b>, &c., <a href = @@ -63175,7 +63165,7 @@ and impersonal constructions of, <a href = "#sec2177">2177-2182</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2226">2226</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_perfect" id = "subj_perfect" href = "#subj_p">Perfect +<b><a id = "subj_perfect" href = "#subj_p">Perfect tense</a></b>,</p> <p>indicative, formation of, <a href = "#sec854">854-875</a>;</p> <p>stem without suffix, <a href = "#sec858">858-866</a>;</p> @@ -63334,12 +63324,12 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = "#subj_participles">Participles</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_periods" id = "subj_periods" href = +<b><a id = "subj_periods" href = "#subj_p">Periods</a></b>,</p> <p>connection of, <a href = "#sec2123">2123-2159</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_periphrastic" id = "subj_periphrastic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_periphrastic" href = "#subj_p">Periphrastic</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of the verb, <a href = "#sec802">802-804</a>;</p> <p>fut. partic. with form of <b>sum</b>, <a href = "#sec802">802</a>, @@ -63359,7 +63349,7 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = <a href = "#sec2100">2100</a>, <a href = "#sec2108">2108</a>;</p> <p>gerundive with</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page531" id = "page531"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page531"> 531</a></span> <b>sum</b>, <a href = "#sec804">804</a>, <a href = "#sec2101">2101</a>, @@ -63378,7 +63368,7 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = <a href = "#sec2331">2331-2334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_permission" id = "subj_permission" href = +<b><a id = "subj_permission" href = "#subj_p">Permission</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, <a href = "#sec1710">1710</a>;</p> <p>verbs of, with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> @@ -63386,12 +63376,12 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = <p>expressed by <b>quamlibet</b>, <a href = "#sec1907">1907</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_permissive" id = "subj_permissive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_permissive" href = "#subj_p">Permissive</a></b>,</p> <p>use of verb, <a href = "#sec2307">2307</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_person" id = "subj_person" href = +<b><a id = "subj_person" href = "#subj_p">Person</a></b>,</p> <p>in verbs, defined, <a href = "#sec721">721</a>;</p> <p>in imper., <a href = "#sec731">731</a>;</p> @@ -63405,7 +63395,7 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = <p>pers. of <b>quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1792">1792</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_personal_pronouns" id = "subj_personal_pronouns" href +<b><a id = "subj_personal_pronouns" href = "#subj_p">Personal pronouns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec644">644-651</a>;</p> <p>possess., <a href = "#sec652">652-655</a>;</p> @@ -63423,7 +63413,7 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = <p>see <b><a href = "#words_ego">ego</a></b>, &c.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_personal_verbs" id = "subj_personal_verbs" href = +<b><a id = "subj_personal_verbs" href = "#subj_p">Personal verbs</a></b>,</p> <p>impersonal verbs used as, <a href = "#sec1181">1181</a>, <a href = "#sec1284">1284</a>;</p> @@ -63437,7 +63427,7 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = "#sec2201">2201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_person_endings" id = "subj_person_endings" href = +<b><a id = "subj_person_endings" href = "#subj_p">Person endings</a></b>,</p> <p>vowel of, short, <a href = "#sec129">129</a>, <a href = "#sec130">130</a>;</p> @@ -63459,32 +63449,32 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = "#sec827">827</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_persuading" id = "subj_persuading" href = +<b><a id = "subj_persuading" href = "#subj_p">Persuading</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>;</p> <p>subjv. coordinated with, <a href = "#sec1712">1712</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_phalaecean" id = "subj_phalaecean" href = +<b><a id = "subj_phalaecean" href = "#subj_p">Phalaecean</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2664">2664</a>, <a href = "#sec2665">2665</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pherecratean" id = "subj_pherecratean" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pherecratean" href = "#subj_p">Pherecratean</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2659">2659</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_phonetic" id = "subj_phonetic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_phonetic" href = "#subj_p">Phonetic</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_sound">Sound</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pity" id = "subj_pity" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pity" href = "#subj_p">Pity</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_mental">Mental distress</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_place" id = "subj_place" href = +<b><a id = "subj_place" href = "#subj_p">Place</a></b>,</p> <p>subst. suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec266">266</a>, <a href = "#sec228">228</a>, @@ -63516,29 +63506,29 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = "#sec1793">1793</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_places" id = "subj_places" href = +<b><a id = "subj_places" href = "#subj_p">Places</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, see <b><a href = "#subj_towns">Towns</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_plants" id = "subj_plants" href = +<b><a id = "subj_plants" href = "#subj_p">Plants</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, gender, <a href = "#sec407">407</a>, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pleasing" id = "subj_pleasing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pleasing" href = "#subj_p">Pleasing</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_plenty" id = "subj_plenty" href = +<b><a id = "subj_plenty" href = "#subj_p">Plenty</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_fulness">Fulness</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pluperfect" id = "subj_pluperfect" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pluperfect" href = "#subj_p">Pluperfect tense</a></b>,</p> <p>indicative, formation of, <a href = "#sec880">880</a>;</p> <p>short or old forms, <a href = "#sec885">885-893</a>;</p> @@ -63606,7 +63596,7 @@ Subjunctive, formation of, <a href = "#sec881">881</a>;</p> <p>following primary, <a href = "#sec1753">1753</a>, <a href = "#sec2329">2329</a>;</p> <p>following perf. definite, <a href = "#sec1754">1754</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page532" id = "page532"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page532"> 532</a></span> <p>following perf. infin., or perf. partic., <a href = "#sec1767">1767</a>;</p> @@ -63645,7 +63635,7 @@ Subjunctive, formation of, <a href = "#sec881">881</a>;</p> disc., <a href = "#sec2331">2331-2334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_plural" id = "subj_plural" href = "#subj_p">Plural +<b><a id = "subj_plural" href = "#subj_p">Plural number</a></b>,</p> <p>in nouns, defined, <a href = "#sec414">414</a>;</p> <p>lacking, see <b><a href = "#subj_defective">Defective</a></b>;</p> @@ -63673,14 +63663,14 @@ number</a></b>,</p> "#sec2261">2261</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_polysyllables" id = "subj_polysyllables" href = +<b><a id = "subj_polysyllables" href = "#subj_p">Polysyllables</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity of penult in, <a href = "#sec2434">2434-2436</a>;</p> <p>quantity of final syllable in, <a href = "#sec2437">2437-2457</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_position" id = "subj_position" href = +<b><a id = "subj_position" href = "#subj_p">Position</a></b>,</p> <p>syllables long by, <a href = "#sec177">177</a>;</p> <p>syllable containing vowel before mute or <b>f</b> followed by @@ -63692,7 +63682,7 @@ cons., <a href = "#sec2458">2458</a>;</p> <p>of preps., <a href = "#sec1433">1433-1437</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_positive" id = "subj_positive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_positive" href = "#subj_p">Positive</a></b>,</p> <p>expressing disproportion, <a href = "#sec1454">1454</a>;</p> <p>used in comparison of adjs. and advs., <a href = "#sec1457">1457</a>, @@ -63703,7 +63693,7 @@ cons., <a href = "#sec2458">2458</a>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_affirmative">Affirmative</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_possession" id = "subj_possession" href = +<b><a id = "subj_possession" href = "#subj_p">Possession</a></b>,</p> <p>adj. suffixes implying, <a href = "#sec298">298</a>, <a href = "#sec302">302-330</a>;</p> @@ -63712,12 +63702,12 @@ cons., <a href = "#sec2458">2458</a>;</p> <p>expressed by gen., <a href = "#sec1232">1232-1238</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_possessive_compounds" id = +<b><a id = "subj_possessive_compounds" href = "#subj_p">Possessive compounds</a></b>, <a href = "#sec385">385</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_possessive_pronouns" id = "subj_possessive_pronouns" +<b><a id = "subj_possessive_pronouns" href = "#subj_p">Possessive pronouns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec652">652-655</a>;</p> <p>agreement of, <a href = "#sec1082">1082-1098</a>;</p> @@ -63745,7 +63735,7 @@ href = "#subj_p">Possessive pronouns</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_meus">meus</a></b>, &c.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_possessor" id = "subj_possessor" href = +<b><a id = "subj_possessor" href = "#subj_p">Possessor</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, <a href = "#sec1212">1212-1216</a>, <a href = "#sec1478">1478</a>, @@ -63753,7 +63743,7 @@ href = "#subj_p">Possessive pronouns</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2243">2243</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_possibility" id = "subj_possibility" href = +<b><a id = "subj_possibility" href = "#subj_p">Possibility</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by subjv., <a href = "#sec1554">1554-1562</a>;</p> <p>denoted by gerundive, <a href = "#sec2249">2249</a>;</p> @@ -63761,14 +63751,14 @@ href = "#subj_p">Possessive pronouns</a></b>,</p> "#subj_ability">Ability</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_postpositive" id = "subj_postpositive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_postpositive" href = "#subj_p">Postpositive</a></b>,</p> <p>words, <a href = "#sec1676">1676</a>, <a href = "#sec1688">1688</a>;</p> <p>preps., <a href = "#sec1433">1433-1436</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_posttonic" id = "subj_posttonic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_posttonic" href = "#subj_p">Posttonic</a></b> syllable, <a href = "#sec102">102</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> @@ -63776,7 +63766,7 @@ Potential, use of verb, <a href = "#sec2305">2305</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_action">Action conceivable</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_prayer" id = "subj_prayer" href = +<b><a id = "subj_prayer" href = "#subj_p">Prayer</a></b>,</p> <p>duim, &c. in, <a href = "#sec756">756</a>;</p> <p>forms of perf. subjv. and fut. perf. in, <a href = @@ -63785,7 +63775,7 @@ Potential, use of verb, <a href = "#sec2305">2305</a>;</p> <p>in verse, <a href = "#sec2549">2549</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_predicate" id = "subj_predicate" href = +<b><a id = "subj_predicate" href = "#subj_p">Predicate</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1023">1023</a>, <a href = "#sec1035">1035</a>;</p> @@ -63830,21 +63820,21 @@ Potential, use of verb, <a href = "#sec2305">2305</a>;</p> "#sec2262">2262-2264</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_predicative">Predicative</a></b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page533" id = "page533"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page533"> 533</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_predicative" id = "subj_predicative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_predicative" href = "#subj_p">Predicative</a></b>,</p> <p>dat., <a href = "#sec1219">1219-1225</a>;</p> <p>partic., <a href = "#sec2297">2297-2299</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_prefixes" id = "subj_prefixes" href = +<b><a id = "subj_prefixes" href = "#subj_p">Prefixes</a></b>,</p> <p>advs. as verbal, <a href = "#sec1402">1402-1409</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_prepositions" id = "subj_prepositions" href = +<b><a id = "subj_prepositions" href = "#subj_p">Prepositions</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec11">11</a>, <a href = "#sec696">696</a>, @@ -63904,7 +63894,7 @@ Potential, use of verb, <a href = "#sec2305">2305</a>;</p> <p>for special uses of different preps., see Index of Latin Words.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_present_stems" id = "subj_present_stems" href = +<b><a id = "subj_present_stems" href = "#subj_p">Present stems</a></b>,</p> <p>used as roots, <a href = "#sec190">190-194</a>, <a href = "#sec855">855</a>;</p> @@ -63913,12 +63903,12 @@ Potential, use of verb, <a href = "#sec2305">2305</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec844">844</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_present_system" id = "subj_present_system" href = +<b><a id = "subj_present_system" href = "#subj_p">Present system</a></b>,</p> <p>of verbs, formation of, <a href = "#sec828">828-853</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_present_tense" id = "subj_present_tense" href = +<b><a id = "subj_present_tense" href = "#subj_p">Present tense</a></b>,</p> <p>indicative formation of, <a href = "#sec828">828-840</a>;</p> <p><b>-īt</b>, <b>-āt</b>, <b>-ēt</b>, <a href = "#sec132">132</a>;</p> @@ -64049,27 +64039,27 @@ Participle, see <b><a href = "#subj_participles">Participles</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_preventing" id = "subj_preventing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_preventing" href = "#subj_p">Preventing</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_hindering">Hindering</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_priapean" id = "subj_priapean" href = +<b><a id = "subj_priapean" href = "#subj_p">Priapean</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2674">2674</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_price" id = "subj_price" href = +<b><a id = "subj_price" href = "#subj_p">Price</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. of, <a href = "#sec1271">1271</a>;</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1388">1388-1392</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_primary" id = "subj_primary" href = "#subj_p">Primary +<b><a id = "subj_primary" href = "#subj_p">Primary tenses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>, <a href = "#sec1762">1762</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_primitive" id = "subj_primitive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_primitive" href = "#subj_p">Primitive</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec198">198</a>;</p> <p>substs., <a href = "#sec204">204-245</a>, see <b><a href = @@ -64084,12 +64074,12 @@ tenses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>, "#subj_verbs">Verbs</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_principal_cases" id = "subj_principal_cases" href = +<b><a id = "subj_principal_cases" href = "#subj_p">Principal cases</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1111">1111</a>, <a href = "#sec1112">1112</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_principal_parts" id = "subj_principal_parts" href = +<b><a id = "subj_principal_parts" href = "#subj_p">Principal parts</a></b>,</p> <p>of the verb, <a href = "#sec733">733-735</a>;</p> <p>classification of verbs according to, <a href = @@ -64097,22 +64087,22 @@ tenses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>, "#subj_verbs">Verbs</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_privation" id = "subj_privation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_privation" href = "#subj_p">Privation</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_separation">Separation</a></b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page534" id = "page534"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page534"> 534</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_proceleusmatic" id = "subj_proceleusmatic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_proceleusmatic" href = "#subj_p">Proceleusmatic</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_proclitics" id = "subj_proclitics" href = +<b><a id = "subj_proclitics" href = "#subj_p">Proclitics</a></b>, <a href = "#sec92">92</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_prohibitions" id = "subj_prohibitions" href = +<b><a id = "subj_prohibitions" href = "#subj_p">Prohibitions</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by subjv., <a href = "#sec1547">1547-1551</a>;</p> <p>expressed by imper., <a href = "#sec1581">1581-1586</a>;</p> @@ -64121,13 +64111,13 @@ tenses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>, "#sec2224">2224</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_promise" id = "subj_promise" href = +<b><a id = "subj_promise" href = "#subj_p">Promise</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by fut., <a href = "#sec1619">1619</a>;</p> <p>implication of, in fut. perf., <a href = "#sec1629">1629</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_promising" id = "subj_promising" href = +<b><a id = "subj_promising" href = "#subj_p">Promising</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2186">2186</a>;</p> <p>with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2186">2186</a>, @@ -64135,18 +64125,18 @@ tenses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>, <a href = "#sec2236">2236</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pronominal" id = "subj_pronominal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pronominal" href = "#subj_p">Pronominal</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_pronouns">Pronouns</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pronoun" id = "subj_pronoun" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pronoun" href = "#subj_p">Pronoun</a></b>,</p> <p>questions, <a href = "#sec1526">1526-1530</a>;</p> <p>questions, indirect, <a href = "#sec1785">1785</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pronouns" id = "subj_pronouns" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pronouns" href = "#subj_p">Pronouns</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec9">9</a>;</p> <p>as proclitics, <a href = "#sec92">92</a>;</p> @@ -64223,7 +64213,7 @@ Agreement of, <a href = "#sec1093">1093-1098</a>, <b>quī</b>, &c.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pronunciation" id = "subj_pronunciation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pronunciation" href = "#subj_p">Pronunciation</a></b>,</p> <p>of names of characters of alphabet, <a href = "#sec16">16</a>, <a href = "#sec31">31-72</a>;</p> @@ -64258,7 +64248,7 @@ Agreement of, <a href = "#sec1093">1093-1098</a>, <b><a href = "#subj_contraction">Elision</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_proper" id = "subj_proper" href = +<b><a id = "subj_proper" href = "#subj_p">Proper</a></b>,</p> <p>names, defined, <a href = "#sec5">5</a>;</p> <p>of <b>-o-</b> decl., form and accent of voc. and gen. sing. of, @@ -64272,11 +64262,11 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_greek">Greek</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_proportionals" id = "subj_proportionals" href = +<b><a id = "subj_proportionals" href = "#subj_p">Proportionals</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2423">2423</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_propriety" id = "subj_propriety" href = +<b><a id = "subj_propriety" href = "#subj_p">Propriety</a></b>,</p> <p>verbal expressions of, in indic., <a href = "#sec1495">1495-1497</a>;</p> @@ -64290,14 +64280,14 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2248">2248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_prosody" id = "subj_prosody" href = +<b><a id = "subj_prosody" href = "#subj_p">Prosody</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2429">2429-2739</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_quantity">Quantity</a></b>, <b><a href = "#subj_figures">Figures of prosody</a></b>, <b><a href = "#subj_versification">Versification</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_protasis" id = "subj_protasis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_protasis" href = "#subj_p">Protasis</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1061">1061</a>;</p> <p>fut. perf. in, coincident in time with fut. perf. in apod., <a href = @@ -64308,13 +64298,13 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_conjunctive">Conjunctive</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_protest" id = "subj_protest" href = +<b><a id = "subj_protest" href = "#subj_p">Protest</a></b>,</p> <p>introduced by sentence with <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1842">1842</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_protestations" id = "subj_protestations" href = +<b><a id = "subj_protestations" href = "#subj_p">Protestations</a></b>,</p> <p>subjv. in, <a href = "#sec1542">1542</a>;</p> <p>fut. in, <a href = "#sec1622">1622</a>;</p> @@ -64323,11 +64313,11 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_protraction" id = "subj_protraction" href = +<b><a id = "subj_protraction" href = "#subj_p">Protraction</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2516">2516</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_proviso" id = "subj_proviso" href = +<b><a id = "subj_proviso" href = "#subj_p">Proviso</a></b>,</p> <p>introduced by <b>ut</b>, <b>nē . . . ita</b>, <a href = "#sec1964">1964</a>;</p> @@ -64335,14 +64325,14 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <p>by <b>modo</b>, <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_punishment" id = "subj_punishment" href = +<b><a id = "subj_punishment" href = "#subj_p">Punishment</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_penalty">Penalty</a></b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page535" id = "page535"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page535"> 535</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_purpose" id = "subj_purpose" href = +<b><a id = "subj_purpose" href = "#subj_p">Purpose</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, <a href = "#sec1223">1223-1225</a>;</p> <p>clauses, tense of, after perf. definite, <a href = @@ -64383,26 +64373,26 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2342">2342</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pyrrhic" id = "subj_pyrrhic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pyrrhic" href = "#subj_p">Pyrrhic</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2522">2522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_pythiambic" id = "subj_pythiambic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_pythiambic" href = "#subj_p">Pythiambic strophe</a></b>,</p> <p>in Horace, <a href = "#sec2722">2722</a>, <a href = "#sec2723">2723</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_q" id = "subj_q" href = "#index_subject">Q</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_q" href = "#index_subject">Q</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_qualitative" id = "subj_qualitative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_qualitative" href = "#subj_q">Qualitative</a></b>,</p> <p>vowel changes, <a href = "#sec136">136-143</a>;</p> <p>gradation, <a href = "#sec145">145</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_quality" id = "subj_quality" href = +<b><a id = "subj_quality" href = "#subj_q">Quality</a></b>,</p> <p>subst. suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec246">246-264</a>;</p> <p>adj. suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec281">281-297</a>;</p> @@ -64411,14 +64401,14 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1375">1375</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_quantitative" id = "subj_quantitative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_quantitative" href = "#subj_q">Quantitative</a></b>,</p> <p>vowel gradation, <a href = "#sec135">135</a>;</p> <p>verse, <a href = "#sec2548">2548</a>;</p> <p>theory of the Saturnian, <a href = "#sec2551">2551</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_quantity" id = "subj_quantity" href = +<b><a id = "subj_quantity" href = "#subj_q">Quantity</a></b>,</p> <p>of diphthongs, <a href = "#sec47">47</a>, <a href = "#sec125">125</a>;</p> @@ -64478,14 +64468,14 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <p>in versification, <a href = "#sec2514">2514-2518</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_quaternarius" id = "subj_quaternarius" href = +<b><a id = "subj_quaternarius" href = "#subj_q">Quaternārius</a></b>,</p> <p>iambic, <a href = "#sec2617">2617-2620</a>;</p> <p>trochaic, <a href = "#sec2643">2643</a>;</p> <p>anapaestic, <a href = "#sec2687">2687</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_questioning" id = "subj_questioning" href = +<b><a id = "subj_questioning" href = "#subj_q">Questioning</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1169">1169-1171</a>;</p> @@ -64494,7 +64484,7 @@ forms of, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>;</p> <p>with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1774">1774</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_questions" id = "subj_questions" href = +<b><a id = "subj_questions" href = "#subj_q">Questions</a></b>,</p> <p>indic. in, <a href = "#sec1499">1499</a>;</p> <p>commoner in Latin than in English, <a href = "#sec1500">1500</a>;</p> @@ -64503,7 +64493,7 @@ longer, <a href = "#sec1500">1500</a>;</p> <p>kinds of, <a href = "#sec1501">1501</a>.</p> <p class = "section"> -<a name = "subj_questions_yesno" id = "subj_questions_yesno">Yes or +<a id = "subj_questions_yesno">Yes or No</a> questions, <a href = "#sec1501">1501-1525</a>;</p> <p>confounded with exclamations and declarations, <a href = "#sec1502">1502</a>;</p> @@ -64527,7 +64517,7 @@ No</a> questions, <a href = "#sec1501">1501-1525</a>;</p> <p>how answered, <a href = "#sec1511">1511-1514</a>.</p> <p class = "section"> -<a name = "subj_questions_alt" id = +<a id = "subj_questions_alt">Alternative</a>, history of, <a href = "#sec1515">1515-1517</a>;</p> <p>without interrogative particle, <a href = "#sec1518">1518</a>;</p> @@ -64561,7 +64551,7 @@ Subjunctive questions, <a href = "#sec1563">1563-1570</a>;</p> <p>with <b>utī</b>, <b>ut</b>, and <b>-ne</b>, <b>-n</b>, <a href = "#sec1569">1569</a>;</p> <p>in subordinate sentence, <a href = "#sec1731">1731</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page536" id = "page536"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page536"> 536</a></span> <p>tense of, in subordinate sentence, <a href = "#sec1753">1753</a>.</p> @@ -64618,10 +64608,10 @@ deliberation, appeal, <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>, <a href = "#sec2386">2386</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_r" id = "subj_r" href = "#index_subject">R</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_r" href = "#index_subject">R</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_reason" id = "subj_reason" href = +<b><a id = "subj_reason" href = "#subj_r">Reason</a></b>,</p> <p>introduced by <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1853">1853</a>;</p> <p>introduced by <b>nōn quō</b>, &c, <a href = @@ -64632,11 +64622,11 @@ deliberation, appeal, <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>, <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_cause">Cause</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_recessive" id = "subj_recessive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_recessive" href = "#subj_r">Recessive accent</a></b>, <a href = "#sec89">89-91</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_reciprocal" id = "subj_reciprocal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_reciprocal" href = "#subj_r">Reciprocal</a></b>,</p> <p>action, deponents expressing, <a href = "#sec1487">1487</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_reflexive_verbs">Reflexive</a></b>;</p> @@ -64647,12 +64637,12 @@ deliberation, appeal, <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>, "#sec2400">2400</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_redundant" id = "subj_redundant" href = +<b><a id = "subj_redundant" href = "#subj_r">Redundant verbs</a></b>, <a href = "#sec818">818-823</a>, <a href = "#sec924">924-1019</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_reduplication" id = "subj_reduplication" href = +<b><a id = "subj_reduplication" href = "#subj_r">Reduplication</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec189">189</a>; in prons., <a href = "#sec650">650</a>;</p> @@ -64666,7 +64656,7 @@ deliberation, appeal, <a href = "#sec1531">1531</a>, <a href = "#sec1011">1011</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_reflexive_pronouns" id = "subj_reflexive_pronouns" +<b><a id = "subj_reflexive_pronouns" href = "#subj_r">Reflexive pronouns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec644">644-651</a>;</p> <p>possess., <a href = "#sec652">652-655</a>;</p> @@ -64693,7 +64683,7 @@ reciprocal, <a href = "#sec2344">2344</a>, "#words_suus">suus</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_reflexive_verbs" id = "subj_reflexive_verbs" href = +<b><a id = "subj_reflexive_verbs" href = "#subj_r">Reflexive verbs</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1481">1481</a>;</p> <p>pres. partic. of, in reflexive sense, <a href = "#sec1482">1482</a>;</p> @@ -64702,23 +64692,23 @@ reciprocal, <a href = "#sec2344">2344</a>, <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1148">1148</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_reizianus" id = "subj_reizianus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_reizianus" href = "#subj_r">Reizianus versus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2625">2625</a>, <a href = "#sec2626">2626</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_relation" id = "subj_relation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_relation" href = "#subj_r">Relation</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, <a href = "#sec1217">1217</a>, <a href = "#sec1218">1218</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_relationship" id = "subj_relationship" href = +<b><a id = "subj_relationship" href = "#subj_r">Relationship</a></b>,</p> <p>words of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1203">1203</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_relative_adverbs" id = "subj_relative_adverbs" href = +<b><a id = "subj_relative_adverbs" href = "#subj_r">Relative adverbs</a></b>, <a href = "#sec711">711</a>;</p> <p>in place of rel. pron. and prep., <a href = "#sec1793">1793</a>;</p> <p>correlative prons. and advs., <a href = "#sec1831">1831</a>;</p> @@ -64726,13 +64716,13 @@ reciprocal, <a href = "#sec2344">2344</a>, <p><b>quoad</b>, <a href = "#sec1991">1991</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_relative_conjunctive" id = +<b><a id = "subj_relative_conjunctive" href = "#subj_r">Relative conjunctive particles</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1794">1794</a>;</p> <p>sentences introduced by, <a href = "#sec1838">1838-2122</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_relative_pronouns" id = "subj_relative_pronouns" href +<b><a id = "subj_relative_pronouns" href = "#subj_r">Relative pronouns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of. <a href = "#sec658">658</a>, <a href = "#sec659">659</a>, @@ -64770,7 +64760,7 @@ particles</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1794">1794</a>;</p> <p>rel. advs. instead of, <a href = "#sec1793">1793</a>;</p> <p>developed from interrogative pron., <a href = "#sec1795">1795</a>, <a href = "#sec1808">1808</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page537" id = "page537"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page537"> 537</a></span> <p><b>quod</b> before <b>sī</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec1837">1837</a>;</p> @@ -64780,7 +64770,7 @@ particles</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1794">1794</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_qui">quī</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_relative_sentence" id = "subj_relative_sentence" href +<b><a id = "subj_relative_sentence" href = "#subj_r">Relative sentence</a></b>,</p> <p>treated, <a href = "#sec1792">1792-1837</a>;</p> <p>introduced by rel. words, <a href = "#sec1792">1792-1794</a>;</p> @@ -64853,13 +64843,13 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <p>represented by partic., <a href = "#sec2294">2294</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_relative_time" id = "subj_relative_time" href = +<b><a id = "subj_relative_time" href = "#subj_r">Relative time</a></b>,</p> <p>of subordinate sentence, <a href = "#sec1732">1732</a>, <a href = "#sec1741">1741</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_remembering" id = "subj_remembering" href = +<b><a id = "subj_remembering" href = "#subj_r">Remembering</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>, <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>;</p> @@ -64870,20 +64860,20 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_reminding" id = "subj_reminding" href = +<b><a id = "subj_reminding" href = "#subj_r">Reminding</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, cases with, <a href = "#sec1172">1172</a>, <a href = "#sec1291">1291</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_remove" id = "subj_remove" href = +<b><a id = "subj_remove" href = "#subj_r">Remove</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with abl., <a href = "#sec1302">1302-1306</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1195">1195</a>, <a href = "#sec1209">1209</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_repeated" id = "subj_repeated" href = +<b><a id = "subj_repeated" href = "#subj_r">Repeated</a></b>,</p> <p>action (<b>ter in annō</b>, &c.), <a href = "#sec1353">1353</a>;</p> @@ -64909,7 +64899,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2071">2071</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_represent" id = "subj_represent" href = +<b><a id = "subj_represent" href = "#subj_r">Represent</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with pres. partic. used predicatively, <a href = "#sec2298">2298</a>, @@ -64917,7 +64907,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec2299">2299</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_request" id = "subj_request" href = +<b><a id = "subj_request" href = "#subj_r">Request</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by imper., <a href = "#sec1571">1571</a>;</p> <p>expressed by fut., <a href = "#sec1624">1624</a>;</p> @@ -64925,12 +64915,12 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_resemblance" id = "subj_resemblance" href = +<b><a id = "subj_resemblance" href = "#subj_r">Resemblance</a></b>,</p> <p>adj. suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec299">299-301</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_resisting" id = "subj_resisting" href = +<b><a id = "subj_resisting" href = "#subj_r">Resisting</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1181">1181</a>;</p> <p>with <b>nē</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>;</p> @@ -64938,11 +64928,11 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_resolution" id = "subj_resolution" href = +<b><a id = "subj_resolution" href = "#subj_r">Resolution</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2518">2518</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_resolve" id = "subj_resolve" href = +<b><a id = "subj_resolve" href = "#subj_r">Resolve</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> @@ -64951,14 +64941,14 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2193">2193</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_rest" id = "subj_rest" href = +<b><a id = "subj_rest" href = "#subj_r">Rest</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, followed by <b>in</b> or <b>sub</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1423">1423</a>;</p> <p>followed by <b>in</b> and acc., <a href = "#sec1424">1424</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_restraining" id = "subj_restraining" href = +<b><a id = "subj_restraining" href = "#subj_r">Restraining</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>;</p> @@ -64970,7 +64960,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> "#sec2252">2252</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_result" id = "subj_result" href = +<b><a id = "subj_result" href = "#subj_r">Result</a></b>,</p> <p>clauses, tense of, after secondary, <a href = "#sec1757">1757-1759</a>;</p> @@ -64988,7 +64978,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <p><b>quam ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>coordinated member equivalent to clause of, <a href = "#sec1700">1700</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page538" id = "page538"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page538"> 538</a></span> <p>dat. of, <a href = "#sec1219">1219-1222</a>;</p> <p>suffixes denoting, <a href = "#sec213">213</a>, @@ -65000,12 +64990,12 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec296">296</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_rhetorical" id = "subj_rhetorical" href = +<b><a id = "subj_rhetorical" href = "#subj_r">Rhetorical questions</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_appeal">Appeal</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_rhythm" id = "subj_rhythm" href = +<b><a id = "subj_rhythm" href = "#subj_r">Rhythm</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2511">2511</a>;</p> <p>kinds of, <a href = "#sec2525">2525-2528</a>;</p> @@ -65023,18 +65013,18 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>;</p> <p>ionic, <a href = "#sec2708">2708-2717</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_rhythmical_sentence" id = "subj_rhythmical_sentence" +<b><a id = "subj_rhythmical_sentence" href = "#subj_r">Rhythmical sentence</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2532">2532</a>, <a href = "#sec2533">2533</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_rhythmical_series" id = "subj_rhythmical_series" href +<b><a id = "subj_rhythmical_series" href = "#subj_r">Rhythmical series</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2532">2532</a>, <a href = "#sec2533">2533</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_rivers" id = "subj_rivers" href = +<b><a id = "subj_rivers" href = "#subj_r">Rivers</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, gender, <a href = "#sec405">405</a>, <a href = "#sec406">406</a>;</p> @@ -65045,7 +65035,7 @@ href = "#subj_r">Rhythmical sentence</a></b>, <a href = <a href = "#sec556">556</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_roots" id = "subj_roots" href = +<b><a id = "subj_roots" href = "#subj_r">Roots</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec183">183</a>;</p> <p>nature of, <a href = "#sec184">184</a>;</p> @@ -65071,17 +65061,17 @@ href = "#subj_r">Rhythmical sentence</a></b>, <a href = <p>prin. parts of root verbs, <a href = "#sec922">922</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_route" id = "subj_route" href = "#subj_r">Route +<b><a id = "subj_route" href = "#subj_r">Route taken</a></b>,</p> <p>advs. denoting, <a href = "#sec707">707</a>, <a href = "#sec1376">1376</a>;</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1376">1376</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_s" id = "subj_s" href = "#index_subject">S</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_s" href = "#index_subject">S</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sapphic" id = "subj_sapphic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sapphic" href = "#subj_s">Sapphic</a></b>,</p> <p>strophe, <a href = "#sec2545">2545</a>;</p> <p>the lesser, <a href = "#sec2666">2666</a>;</p> @@ -65090,11 +65080,11 @@ taken</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2735">2735</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_saturnian" id = "subj_saturnian" href = +<b><a id = "subj_saturnian" href = "#subj_s">Saturnian</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2550">2550-2554</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_saying" id = "subj_saying" href = +<b><a id = "subj_saying" href = "#subj_s">Saying</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with indef. subj., <a href = "#sec1033">1033</a>;</p> <p>in pres. of past action, <a href = "#sec1592">1592</a>;</p> @@ -65112,18 +65102,18 @@ taken</a></b>,</p> discourse</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_scazon" id = "subj_scazon" href = +<b><a id = "subj_scazon" href = "#subj_s">Scazon</a></b>,</p> <p>choliambus, <a href = "#sec2597">2597-2600</a>;</p> <p>trochaic tetrameter, <a href = "#sec2639">2639-2641</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_secondary_cases" id = "subj_secondary_cases" href = +<b><a id = "subj_secondary_cases" href = "#subj_s">Secondary cases</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1111">1111</a>, <a href = "#sec1112">1112</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_secondary_tenses" id = "subj_secondary_tenses" href = +<b><a id = "subj_secondary_tenses" href = "#subj_s">Secondary tenses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>, <a href = "#sec1762">1762</a>;</p> <p>rules for use of, <a href = "#sec1740">1740-1772</a>;</p> @@ -65144,7 +65134,7 @@ discourse</a></b>.</p> "#sec1755">1755-1760</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_seeing" id = "subj_seeing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_seeing" href = "#subj_s">Seeing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, in pres. of past action, <a href = "#sec1592">1592</a>;</p> <p>with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1774">1774</a>;</p> @@ -65152,51 +65142,51 @@ discourse</a></b>.</p> <a href = "#sec1926">1926</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_selling" id = "subj_selling" href = +<b><a id = "subj_selling" href = "#subj_s">Selling</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1274">1274</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1388">1388-1392</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_semi-deponents" id = "subj_semi-deponents" href = +<b><a id = "subj_semi-deponents" href = "#subj_s">Semi-deponents</a></b>, <a href = "#sec801">801</a>, <a href = "#sec1488">1488</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_semi-elision" id = "subj_semi-elision" href = +<b><a id = "subj_semi-elision" href = "#subj_s">Semi-elision</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2497">2497</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_semi-hiatus" id = "subj_semi-hiatus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_semi-hiatus" href = "#subj_s">Semi-hiatus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2497">2497</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_semiquinaria" id = "subj_semiquinaria" href = +<b><a id = "subj_semiquinaria" href = "#subj_s">Sēmiquīnāria caesura</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2544">2544</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_semiseptenaria" id = "subj_semiseptenaria" href = +<b><a id = "subj_semiseptenaria" href = "#subj_s">Sēmiseptēnāria caesura</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2544">2544</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_semiternaria" id = "subj_semiternaria" href = +<b><a id = "subj_semiternaria" href = "#subj_s">Sēmiternāria caesura</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2544">2544</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_semivowels" id = "subj_semivowels" href = +<b><a id = "subj_semivowels" href = "#subj_s">Semivowels</a></b>, <a href = "#sec52">52</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_senarius" id = "subj_senarius" href = +<b><a id = "subj_senarius" href = "#subj_s">Sēnārius</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>;</p> <p>iambic, <a href = "#sec2583">2583-2596</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sentence" id = "subj_sentence" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sentence" href = "#subj_s">Sentence</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1023">1023</a>;</p> <p>simple, defined, <a href = "#sec1024">1024</a>;</p> @@ -65245,10 +65235,10 @@ href = "#subj_conjunctive">Conjunctive</a></b>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_consecutive">Consecutive</a></b>, <b>Relative sentence</b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page539" id = "page539"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page539"> 539</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_separating" id = "subj_separating" href = +<b><a id = "subj_separating" href = "#subj_s">Separating</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1195">1195</a>, <a href = "#sec1209">1209</a>;</p> @@ -65261,13 +65251,13 @@ sentence</b>.</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_separation" id = "subj_separation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_separation" href = "#subj_s">Separation</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by supine in <b>-ū</b>, <a href = "#sec2277">2277</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_separating">Separating</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_septenarius" id = "subj_septenarius" href = +<b><a id = "subj_septenarius" href = "#subj_s">Septēnārius</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>;</p> <p>iambic, <a href = "#sec2610">2610-2616</a>;</p> @@ -65275,7 +65265,7 @@ sentence</b>.</p> <p>anapaestic, <a href = "#sec2686">2686</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sequence" id = "subj_sequence" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sequence" href = "#subj_s">Sequence of tenses</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1745">1745-1772</a>;</p> <p>subjv. subordinate to indic., <a href = "#sec1746">1746-1761</a>;</p> @@ -65288,30 +65278,30 @@ sentence</b>.</p> <a href = "#sec2326">2326-2329</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_series" id = "subj_series" href = +<b><a id = "subj_series" href = "#subj_s">Series</a></b>,</p> <p>rhythmical, <a href = "#sec2532">2532</a>, <a href = "#sec2533">2533</a>;</p> <p>stichic, <a href = "#sec2546">2546</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_service" id = "subj_service" href = +<b><a id = "subj_service" href = "#subj_s">Service</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1200">1200</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_serving" id = "subj_serving" href = +<b><a id = "subj_serving" href = "#subj_s">Serving</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1181">1181</a>, <a href = "#sec1182">1182</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sharing" id = "subj_sharing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sharing" href = "#subj_s">Sharing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_shortening" id = "subj_shortening" href = +<b><a id = "subj_shortening" href = "#subj_s">Shortening</a></b>,</p> <p>of vowels, <a href = "#sec124">124-132</a>;</p> <p>of vowel before another vowel, <a href = "#sec124">124</a>;</p> @@ -65344,16 +65334,16 @@ sentence</b>.</p> "#sec132">132</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_showing" id = "subj_showing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_showing" href = "#subj_s">Showing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1167">1167</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sibilants" id = "subj_sibilants" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sibilants" href = "#subj_s">Sibilants</a></b>, <a href = "#sec79">79</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_simple" id = "subj_simple" href = +<b><a id = "subj_simple" href = "#subj_s">Simple</a></b>,</p> <p>words, defined, <a href = "#sec181">181</a>;</p> <p>formative suffixes, defined, <a href = "#sec200">200</a>;</p> @@ -65361,7 +65351,7 @@ sentence</b>.</p> "#subj_sentence">Sentence</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_singular" id = "subj_singular" href = +<b><a id = "subj_singular" href = "#subj_s">Singular number</a></b>,</p> <p>in nouns, defined, <a href = "#sec414">414</a>;</p> <p>lacking, see <b><a href = "#subj_defective">Defective</a></b>;</p> @@ -65387,25 +65377,25 @@ sentence</b>.</p> "#sec2260">2260</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_smell" id = "subj_smell" href = +<b><a id = "subj_smell" href = "#subj_s">Smell</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with acc., <a href = "#sec1143">1143</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_softening" id = "subj_softening" href = +<b><a id = "subj_softening" href = "#subj_s">Softening</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2504">2504</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sonants" id = "subj_sonants" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sonants" href = "#subj_s">Sonants</a></b>, <a href = "#sec75">75</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sotadean" id = "subj_sotadean" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sotadean" href = "#subj_s">Sotadean</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2712">2712</a>, <a href = "#sec2713">2713</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sound" id = "subj_sound" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sound" href = "#subj_s">Sound</a></b>,</p> <p>one of the divisions of Latin Grammar, treated, <a href = "#sec1">1</a>, @@ -65431,14 +65421,14 @@ sentence</b>.</p> <b><a href = "#subj_quantity">Quantity</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sounds" id = "subj_sounds" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sounds" href = "#subj_s">Sounds</a></b>,</p> <p>continuous, defined, <a href = "#sec51">51</a>;</p> <p>momentary, defined, <a href = "#sec51">51</a>;</p> <p>classified, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_source" id = "subj_source" href = +<b><a id = "subj_source" href = "#subj_s">Source</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1312">1312-1315</a>, <a href = "#sec1426">1426</a>;</p> @@ -65446,7 +65436,7 @@ sentence</b>.</p> <p>expressed by adj., <a href = "#sec1427">1427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_space" id = "subj_space" href = +<b><a id = "subj_space" href = "#subj_s">Space</a></b>,</p> <p>extent of, denoted by acc., <a href = "#sec1151">1151-1156</a>, <a href = "#sec1398">1398</a>, @@ -65455,23 +65445,23 @@ sentence</b>.</p> <a href = "#sec1399">1399</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_sparing" id = "subj_sparing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_sparing" href = "#subj_s">Sparing</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_specification" id = "subj_specification" href = +<b><a id = "subj_specification" href = "#subj_s">Specification</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1385">1385</a>;</p> <p>acc. of, see <b><a href = "#subj_part">Part concerned</a></b>;</p> <p>gen. of, see <b><a href = "#subj_genitive">Genitive</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_spirants" id = "subj_spirants" href = +<b><a id = "subj_spirants" href = "#subj_s">Spirants</a></b>, <a href = "#sec78">78</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_spondaic" id = "subj_spondaic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_spondaic" href = "#subj_s">Spondaic verse</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2556">2556</a>;</p> <p>use, <a href = "#sec2566">2566</a>, @@ -65482,17 +65472,17 @@ Spondee, defined, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>;</p> <p>irrational, <a href = "#sec2524">2524</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_statements" id = "subj_statements" href = +<b><a id = "subj_statements" href = "#subj_s">Statements</a></b>,</p> <p>general, with <b>antequam</b>, <b>priusquam</b>, <a href = "#sec1912">1912-1914</a>;</p> <p>particular, with <b>antequam</b>, <b>priusquam</b>, <a href = "#sec1915">1915-1921</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page540" id = "page540"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page540"> 540</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_stems" id = "subj_stems" href = +<b><a id = "subj_stems" href = "#subj_s">Stems</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec195">195</a>;</p> <p>roots used as, <a href = "#sec195">195</a>, @@ -65566,34 +65556,34 @@ see <b><a href = "#subj_declension">Declension</a></b>;</p> "#subj_verbs">Verbs</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_stichic" id = "subj_stichic" href = "#subj_s">Stichic +<b><a id = "subj_stichic" href = "#subj_s">Stichic series</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2546">2546</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_stipulation" id = "subj_stipulation" href = +<b><a id = "subj_stipulation" href = "#subj_s">Stipulation</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_striving" id = "subj_striving" href = +<b><a id = "subj_striving" href = "#subj_s">Striving</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> <p>with complementary infin., <a href = "#sec1953">1953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_strophe" id = "subj_strophe" href = +<b><a id = "subj_strophe" href = "#subj_s">Strophe</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2545">2545</a>;</p> <p>Alcaic and Sapphic, <a href = "#sec2545">2545</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_stuff" id = "subj_stuff" href = +<b><a id = "subj_stuff" href = "#subj_s">Stuff</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1312">1312-1315</a>;</p> <p>gen. of, <a href = "#sec1255">1255</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_subject" id = "subj_subject" href = +<b><a id = "subj_subject" href = "#subj_s">Subject</a></b>,</p> <p>of sentence, defined, <a href = "#sec1023">1023</a>;</p> <p>subst. or equivalent word or words, <a href = @@ -65616,7 +65606,7 @@ series</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2546">2546</a>.</p> <p>gen. of, <a href = "#sec1232">1232-1238</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_subjunctive" id = "subj_subjunctive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_subjunctive" href = "#subj_s">Subjunctive mood</a></b>,</p> <p>tenses of, <a href = "#sec716">716</a>;</p> <p>how translated, <a href = "#sec717">717</a>.</p> @@ -65712,7 +65702,7 @@ est quod</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec1821">1821</a>, <a href = "#sec1905">1905</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quamlibet</b>, <a href = "#sec1907">1907</a>;</p> <p>with <b>tamquam</b>, <a href = "#sec1909">1909</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page541" id = "page541"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page541"> 541</a></span> <p>with <b>antequam</b>, <b>priusquam</b>, <a href = "#sec1911">1911-1921</a>;</p> @@ -65742,7 +65732,7 @@ est quod</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec1821">1821</a>, <a href = "#sec2342">2342</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_subordinate_constructions" id = +<b><a id = "subj_subordinate_constructions" href = "#subj_s">Subordinate constructions</a></b>,</p> <p>history of, <a href = "#sec1693">1693-1695</a>, @@ -65752,14 +65742,14 @@ constructions</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1957">1957</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_subordinate_relations" id = +<b><a id = "subj_subordinate_relations" href = "#subj_s">Subordinate relations</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed coordinately, <a href = "#sec1693">1693-1713</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_coordination">Coordination</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_subordinate_sentences" id = +<b><a id = "subj_subordinate_sentences" href = "#subj_s">Subordinate sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1055">1055</a>, <a href = "#sec1058">1058-1061</a>;</p> @@ -65779,12 +65769,12 @@ sentences</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1055">1055</a>, <p><b>is</b> used for reflexive in, <a href = "#sec2370">2370</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_subordination" id = "subj_subordination" href = +<b><a id = "subj_subordination" href = "#subj_s">Subordination</a></b>,</p> <p>of rel. sentence, <a href = "#sec1834">1834</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_substantives" id = "subj_substantives" href = +<b><a id = "subj_substantives" href = "#subj_s">Substantives</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec4">4-7</a>;</p> <p>abstract, <a href = "#sec7">7</a>;</p> @@ -65878,7 +65868,7 @@ Uses of, <a href = "#sec1099">1099-1468</a>;</p> <p>the subst. partic., <a href = "#sec2287">2287-2292</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_substitution" id = "subj_substitution" href = +<b><a id = "subj_substitution" href = "#subj_s">Substitution</a></b>,</p> <p>of consonants, <a href = "#sec147">147-164</a>, <i>passim</i>;</p> <p>of <b>l</b> for <b>d</b> or <b>r</b>, <a href = "#sec147">147</a>, @@ -65890,7 +65880,7 @@ Uses of, <a href = "#sec1099">1099-1468</a>;</p> <p>of <b>d</b> for <b>t</b>, <a href = "#sec149_2">149, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_suffix" id = "subj_suffix" href = +<b><a id = "subj_suffix" href = "#subj_s">Suffix</a></b>,</p> <p>formative, defined, <a href = "#sec195">195</a>;</p> <p>nouns with, <a href = "#sec195">195-198</a>, @@ -65954,7 +65944,7 @@ Adjective suffixes, <a href = "#sec280">280-360</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec294">294</a>, <a href = "#sec296">296</a>;</p> <p>denoting passive quality, <a href = "#sec291">291-297</a>,</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page542" id = "page542"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page542"> 542</a></span> <a href = "#sec282">282</a>, <a href = "#sec283">283</a>; @@ -65993,12 +65983,12 @@ Pronoun suffix <b>-met</b>, <a href = "#sec650">650</a>, <a href = "#sec670">670</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_summary" id = "subj_summary" href = +<b><a id = "subj_summary" href = "#subj_s">Summary</a></b>,</p> <p>asyndeton of, <a href = "#sec2127">2127</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_superlative" id = "subj_superlative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_superlative" href = "#subj_s">Superlative</a></b>,</p> <p>Of adjs., suffixes of, <a href = "#sec349">349-352</a>;</p> <p>of adjs. in <b>-er</b>, <a href = "#sec344">344</a>, @@ -66044,7 +66034,7 @@ Use of <b>summus</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>;</p> "#sec1939">1939</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_supine" id = "subj_supine" href = +<b><a id = "subj_supine" href = "#subj_s">Supine</a></b>,</p> <p>acc. or abl. of substs. in <b>-tu- (-su-)</b>, <a href = "#sec235">235</a>, @@ -66060,11 +66050,11 @@ Use of <b>summus</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2274">2274-2277</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_surds" id = "subj_surds" href = +<b><a id = "subj_surds" href = "#subj_s">Surds</a></b>, <a href = "#sec75">75</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_surprise" id = "subj_surprise" href = +<b><a id = "subj_surprise" href = "#subj_s">Surprise</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by dat., <a href = "#sec1211">1211</a>;</p> <p>questions of, <a href = "#sec1532">1532</a>, @@ -66079,18 +66069,18 @@ Use of <b>summus</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>;</p> <p>expressed by infin., <a href = "#sec2216">2216</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_syllaba" id = "subj_syllaba" href = "#subj_s">Syllaba +<b><a id = "subj_syllaba" href = "#subj_s">Syllaba anceps</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2533">2533</a>, <a href = "#sec2534">2534</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_syllabic" id = "subj_syllabic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_syllabic" href = "#subj_s">Syllabic function</a></b>, <a href = "#sec22">22</a>, <a href = "#sec82">82</a>, <a href = "#sec83">83</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_syllables" id = "subj_syllables" href = +<b><a id = "subj_syllables" href = "#subj_s">Syllables</a></b>,</p> <p>final, vowel of shortened, <a href = "#sec129">129-132</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_shortening">Shortening</a></b>;</p> @@ -66106,19 +66096,19 @@ or <b>r</b>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_atonic">Atonic</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_synaeresis" id = "subj_synaeresis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_synaeresis" href = "#subj_s">Synaeresis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2500">2500</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_synaloepha" id = "subj_synaloepha" href = +<b><a id = "subj_synaloepha" href = "#subj_s">Synaloepha</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2498">2498</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_synapheia" id = "subj_synapheia" href = +<b><a id = "subj_synapheia" href = "#subj_s">Synapheia</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2510">2510</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_syncope" id = "subj_syncope" href = +<b><a id = "subj_syncope" href = "#subj_s">Syncope</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec111">111</a>, <a href = "#sec168">168</a>, @@ -66126,17 +66116,17 @@ or <b>r</b>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>;</p> <p>in versification, <a href = "#sec2541">2541</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_synecdochical" id = "subj_synecdochical" href = +<b><a id = "subj_synecdochical" href = "#subj_s">Synecdochical</a></b>,</p> <p>acc., see <b><a href = "#subj_part">Part concerned</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_synizesis" id = "subj_synizesis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_synizesis" href = "#subj_s">Synizesis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec117">117</a>, <a href = "#sec2499">2499</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_system" id = "subj_system" href = +<b><a id = "subj_system" href = "#subj_s">System</a></b>,</p> <p>the pres., <a href = "#sec828">828-853</a>, <a href = "#sec365">365-367</a>, @@ -66147,42 +66137,42 @@ or <b>r</b>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>;</p> <p>in versification, defined, <a href = "#sec2547">2547</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_systole" id = "subj_systole" href = +<b><a id = "subj_systole" href = "#subj_s">Systolé</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2507">2507</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_t" id = "subj_t" href = "#index_subject">T</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_t" href = "#index_subject">T</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_taking_away" id = "subj_taking_away" href = +<b><a id = "subj_taking_away" href = "#subj_t">Taking away</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1209">1209</a>;</p> <p>with infin. of purpose, <a href = "#sec2165">2165</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_taking_up" id = "subj_taking_up" href = +<b><a id = "subj_taking_up" href = "#subj_t">Taking up</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with infin. of purpose, <a href = "#sec2165">2165</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_taste" id = "subj_taste" href = +<b><a id = "subj_taste" href = "#subj_t">Taste</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with acc., <a href = "#sec1143">1143</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_teaching" id = "subj_teaching" href = +<b><a id = "subj_teaching" href = "#subj_t">Teaching</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1169">1169-1171</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2197">2197</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_telling" id = "subj_telling" href = +<b><a id = "subj_telling" href = "#subj_t">Telling</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1774">1774</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_temporal" id = "subj_temporal" href = +<b><a id = "subj_temporal" href = "#subj_t">Temporal</a></b>,</p> <p>sentences, defined, <a href = "#sec1716">1716</a>;</p> <p>subjv. of ind. disc. and attraction in, <a href = @@ -66201,17 +66191,17 @@ or <b>r</b>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>;</p> <p>coordinated member equivalent to, <a href = "#sec1699">1699</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tempus" id = "subj_tempus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tempus" href = "#subj_t">Tempus</a></b>,</p> <p>in versification, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tendency" id = "subj_tendency" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tendency" href = "#subj_t">Tendency</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, <a href = "#sec1219">1219-1222</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tenses" id = "subj_tenses" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tenses" href = "#subj_t">Tenses</a></b>,</p> <p>of the indic., <a href = "#sec716">716</a>;</p> <p>of the subjv., <a href = "#sec716">716</a>;</p> @@ -66220,7 +66210,7 @@ or <b>r</b>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>;</p> <p>from two stems, <a href = "#sec720">720</a>;</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec824">824-919</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_formation">Formation</a></b>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page543" id = "page543"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page543"> 543</a></span> <p>primary and secondary, <a href = "#sec1717">1717</a>;</p> <p>sequence of, <a href = "#sec1740">1740-1745</a>.</p> @@ -66270,13 +66260,13 @@ Of infin., <a href = "#sec2218">2218-2236</a>, <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_present_tense">Present</a></b>, &c.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_ternarius" id = "subj_ternarius" href = +<b><a id = "subj_ternarius" href = "#subj_t">Ternārius</a></b>,</p> <p>iambic, <a href = "#sec2621">2621-2623</a>;</p> <p><b>trochaic</b>, <a href = "#sec2644">2644-2646</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tetrameter" id = "subj_tetrameter" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tetrameter" href = "#subj_t">Tetrameter</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>;</p> <p>dactylic, <a href = "#sec2577">2577</a>, @@ -66289,21 +66279,21 @@ Of infin., <a href = "#sec2218">2218-2236</a>, <p>ionic, <a href = "#sec2712">2712-2716</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tetrapody" id = "subj_tetrapody" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tetrapody" href = "#subj_t">Tetrapody</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>;</p> <p>logaoedic, <a href = "#sec2660">2660-2663</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tetraseme" id = "subj_tetraseme" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tetraseme" href = "#subj_t">Tetraseme</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2516">2516</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tetrastich" id = "subj_tetrastich" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tetrastich" href = "#subj_t">Tetrastich</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2545">2545</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_thanks" id = "subj_thanks" href = +<b><a id = "subj_thanks" href = "#subj_t">Thanks</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by fut., <a href = "#sec1622">1622</a>;</p> <p><b>ita . . . ut</b> in, <a href = "#sec1542">1542</a>, @@ -66311,16 +66301,16 @@ Of infin., <a href = "#sec2218">2218-2236</a>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_theme" id = "subj_theme" href = +<b><a id = "subj_theme" href = "#subj_t">Theme</a></b>,</p> <p>of verb, <a href = "#sec738">738-740</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_thesis" id = "subj_thesis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_thesis" href = "#subj_t">Thesis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2520">2520</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_thinking" id = "subj_thinking" href = +<b><a id = "subj_thinking" href = "#subj_t">Thinking</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with indef. subjv., <a href = "#sec1033">1033</a>;</p> <p>with two accusatives, <a href = "#sec1167">1167</a>;</p> @@ -66335,25 +66325,25 @@ Of infin., <a href = "#sec2218">2218-2236</a>, Discourse</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_threat" id = "subj_threat" href = +<b><a id = "subj_threat" href = "#subj_t">Threat</a></b>,</p> <p>introduced by question, <a href = "#sec1532">1532</a>;</p> <p>expressed by fut., <a href = "#sec1619">1619</a>;</p> <p>implication of in fut. perf., <a href = "#sec1629">1629</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_threatening" id = "subj_threatening" href = +<b><a id = "subj_threatening" href = "#subj_t">Threatening</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2186">2186</a>;</p> <p>with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2186">2186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_thymelicus" id = "subj_thymelicus" href = +<b><a id = "subj_thymelicus" href = "#subj_t">Thymelicus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2697">2697</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_time" id = "subj_time" href = +<b><a id = "subj_time" href = "#subj_t">Time</a></b>,</p> <p>duration of, denoted by acc., <a href = "#sec1151">1151-1156</a>;</p> <p>acc. of duration of made subj. in pass., <a href = @@ -66388,21 +66378,21 @@ Discourse</a></b>.</p> A, in versification, defined, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_titles" id = "subj_titles" href = +<b><a id = "subj_titles" href = "#subj_t">Titles</a></b>,</p> <p>of books, use of nom. in, <a href = "#sec1114">1114-1116</a>;</p> <p>of office, with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2254">2254</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tmesis" id = "subj_tmesis" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tmesis" href = "#subj_t">Tmesis</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec1407">1407</a>, <a href = "#sec2509">2509</a>;</p> <p><b>in quīcumque</b>, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_towns" id = "subj_towns" href = +<b><a id = "subj_towns" href = "#subj_t">Towns</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, form of loc. case of, <a href = "#sec438">438</a>, <a href = "#sec460">460</a>, @@ -66425,11 +66415,11 @@ A, in versification, defined, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec1793">1793</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_transfer" id = "subj_transfer" href = +<b><a id = "subj_transfer" href = "#subj_t">Transfer of quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec133">133</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_transition" id = "subj_transition" href = +<b><a id = "subj_transition" href = "#subj_t">Transition</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by <b>quid quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1849">1849</a>;</p> <p>expressed by <b>quoniam</b>, <a href = "#sec1884">1884</a>;</p> @@ -66437,7 +66427,7 @@ A, in versification, defined, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2360">2360</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_transitive" id = "subj_transitive" href = +<b><a id = "subj_transitive" href = "#subj_t">Transitive use</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, defined, <a href = "#sec1133">1133</a>;</p> <p>used intransitively, <a href = "#sec1133">1133</a>, @@ -66457,27 +66447,27 @@ A, in versification, defined, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2259">2259</a>, <a href = "#sec2265">2265</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page544" id = "page544"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page544"> 544</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_trees" id = "subj_trees" href = +<b><a id = "subj_trees" href = "#subj_t">Trees</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, gender, <a href = "#sec407">407</a>, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_trial" id = "subj_trial" href = +<b><a id = "subj_trial" href = "#subj_t">Trial</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, with <b>sī</b>, <b>sī forte</b>, <a href = "#sec1777">1777</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tribrach" id = "subj_tribrach" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tribrach" href = "#subj_t">Tribrach</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_trimeter" id = "subj_trimeter" href = +<b><a id = "subj_trimeter" href = "#subj_t">Trimeter</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2536">2536</a>;</p> <p>dactylic, <a href = "#sec2579">2579</a>;</p> @@ -66487,7 +66477,7 @@ A, in versification, defined, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <p>cretic, <a href = "#sec2697">2697</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tripody" id = "subj_tripody" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tripody" href = "#subj_t">Tripody</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>;</p> <p>iambic, <a href = "#sec2624">2624</a>;</p> @@ -66496,24 +66486,24 @@ A, in versification, defined, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <p>logaoedic, <a href = "#sec2659">2659</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_triseme" id = "subj_triseme" href = +<b><a id = "subj_triseme" href = "#subj_t">Triseme</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2516">2516</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_tristich" id = "subj_tristich" href = +<b><a id = "subj_tristich" href = "#subj_t">Tristich</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2545">2545</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_trithemimeral" id = "subj_trithemimeral" href = +<b><a id = "subj_trithemimeral" href = "#subj_t">Trithemimeral caesura</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2544">2544</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_trithemimeris" id = "subj_trithemimeris" href = +<b><a id = "subj_trithemimeris" href = "#subj_t">Trithemimeris</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2531">2531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_trochaic" id = "subj_trochaic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_trochaic" href = "#subj_t">Trochaic</a></b>,</p> <p>rhythms, <a href = "#sec2628">2628-2649</a>;</p> <p>tetrameter catalectic, <a href = "#sec2629">2629-2635</a>;</p> @@ -66529,30 +66519,30 @@ A, in versification, defined, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <p>strophe, in Horace, <a href = "#sec2721">2721</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_trochee" id = "subj_trochee" href = +<b><a id = "subj_trochee" href = "#subj_t">Trochee</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2521">2521</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_trusting" id = "subj_trusting" href = +<b><a id = "subj_trusting" href = "#subj_t">Trusting</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_try" id = "subj_try" href = +<b><a id = "subj_try" href = "#subj_t">Try</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs meaning, with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_u" id = "subj_u" href = "#index_subject">U</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_u" href = "#index_subject">U</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_undertaking" id = "subj_undertaking" href = +<b><a id = "subj_undertaking" href = "#subj_u">Undertaking</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_unfulfilled" id = "subj_unfulfilled" href = +<b><a id = "subj_unfulfilled" href = "#subj_u">Unfulfilled</a></b>,</p> <p>wishes, tenses of, <a href = "#sec1544">1544</a>, <a href = "#sec1545">1545</a>;</p> @@ -66560,42 +66550,42 @@ A, in versification, defined, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> "#subj_non-occurrent">Non-occurrent</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_union" id = "subj_union" href = +<b><a id = "subj_union" href = "#subj_u">Union</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, case with, <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_unit" id = "subj_unit" href = "#subj_u">Unit of +<b><a id = "subj_unit" href = "#subj_u">Unit of Measure</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_unsyllabic" id = "subj_unsyllabic" href = +<b><a id = "subj_unsyllabic" href = "#subj_u">Unsyllabic function</a></b>, <a href = "#sec22">22</a>, <a href = "#sec82">82</a>, <a href = "#sec83">83</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_useful" id = "subj_useful" href = +<b><a id = "subj_useful" href = "#subj_u">Useful</a></b>,</p> <p>adjs. meaning, cases with, <a href = "#sec1200">1200</a>;</p> <p>with gerundive construction or gerund, <a href = "#sec2252">2252</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_v" id = "subj_v" href = "#index_subject">V</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_v" href = "#index_subject">V</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_value" id = "subj_value" href = +<b><a id = "subj_value" href = "#subj_v">Value</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, <a href = "#sec1388">1388-1392</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_valuing" id = "subj_valuing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_valuing" href = "#subj_v">Valuing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1271">1271-1275</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_variable" id = "subj_variable" href = +<b><a id = "subj_variable" href = "#subj_v">Variable</a></b>,</p> <p>vowel, <a href = "#sec824">824-827</a>, <a href = "#sec839">839</a>, @@ -66605,17 +66595,17 @@ Measure</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2515">2515</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec366">366</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_variations" id = "subj_variations" href = +<b><a id = "subj_variations" href = "#subj_v">Variations of quantity</a></b>, <a href = "#sec134">134</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_velars" id = "subj_velars" href = +<b><a id = "subj_velars" href = "#subj_v">Velars</a></b>, <a href = "#sec44">44</a>, <a href = "#sec77">77</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_verbs" id = "subj_verbs" href = +<b><a id = "subj_verbs" href = "#subj_v">Verbs</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec12">12</a>;</p> <p>endings of, shortened, <a href = "#sec129">129</a>;</p> @@ -66716,7 +66706,7 @@ List of, <a href = "#sec920">920-1022</a>;</p> <p>verbs in <b>-ēre</b>, perf. stem without suffix, <a href = "#sec985">985-998</a>;</p> <p>verbs in</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page545" id = "page545"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page545"> 545</a></span> <b>-ēre</b>, perf. stem in <b>-s-</b>, <a href = "#sec999">999</a>, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>; @@ -66772,7 +66762,7 @@ Use of, <a href = "#sec1469">1469-2299</a>;</p> <b><a href = "#subj_present_tense">Present</a></b>, &c.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_verse" id = "subj_verse" href = +<b><a id = "subj_verse" href = "#subj_v">Verse</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec2533">2533</a>;</p> <p>treatment of end of, <a href = "#sec2533">2533</a>;</p> @@ -66791,17 +66781,17 @@ Use of, <a href = "#sec1469">1469-2299</a>;</p> <p>hypermetrical, <a href = "#sec2568">2568</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_versification" id = "subj_versification" href = +<b><a id = "subj_versification" href = "#subj_v">Versification</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2511">2511-2739</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_vivid" id = "subj_vivid" href = "#subj_v">Vivid +<b><a id = "subj_vivid" href = "#subj_v">Vivid narration</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. of, <a href = "#sec1590">1590</a>, see <b><a href = "#subj_present_tense">Present</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_vocative" id = "subj_vocative" href = +<b><a id = "subj_vocative" href = "#subj_v">Vocative case</a></b>,</p> <p>defined, <a href = "#sec420">420</a>;</p> <p>in what words used, <a href = "#sec420">420</a>;</p> @@ -66831,7 +66821,7 @@ narration</a></b>,</p> <p>as apod., <a href = "#sec2112">2112</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_voice" id = "subj_voice" href = +<b><a id = "subj_voice" href = "#subj_v">Voice</a></b>,</p> <p>in verbs, defined, <a href = "#sec723">723</a>, <a href = "#sec1469">1469</a>, @@ -66840,12 +66830,12 @@ narration</a></b>,</p> <b><a href = "#subj_passive">Passive</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_voiced" id = "subj_voiced" href = +<b><a id = "subj_voiced" href = "#subj_v">Voiced</a></b> and <b>Unvoiced</b>, <a href = "#sec75">75</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_vowels" id = "subj_vowels" href = +<b><a id = "subj_vowels" href = "#subj_v">Vowels</a></b>,</p> <p>cons. and vowel <b>i</b> and <b>u</b>, <a href = "#sec22">22</a>, <a href = "#sec52">52</a>;</p> @@ -66887,10 +66877,10 @@ narration</a></b>,</p> <p>vowel stems, substs. and adjs., see <b>-i-</b> stems.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_w" id = "subj_w" href = "#index_subject">W</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_w" href = "#index_subject">W</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_want" id = "subj_want" href = +<b><a id = "subj_want" href = "#subj_w">Want</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with gen., <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1302">1302-1306</a>, @@ -66899,12 +66889,12 @@ narration</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_warding" id = "subj_warding" href = "#subj_w">Warding +<b><a id = "subj_warding" href = "#subj_w">Warding off</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1209">1209</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_weakening" id = "subj_weakening" href = +<b><a id = "subj_weakening" href = "#subj_w">Weakening</a></b>,</p> <p>of vowels, <a href = "#sec102">102-109</a>;</p> <p>in medial syllables, <a href = "#sec103">103-106</a>;</p> @@ -66913,12 +66903,12 @@ off</a></b>,</p> "#subj_diphthongs">Diphthongs</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_weeping" id = "subj_weeping" href = +<b><a id = "subj_weeping" href = "#subj_w">Weeping</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, used transitively, <a href = "#sec1139">1139</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_will" id = "subj_will" href = +<b><a id = "subj_will" href = "#subj_w">Will</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by fut., <a href = "#sec1619">1619</a>;</p> <p><i>shall</i> and <i>will</i>, <a href = "#sec1619">1619</a>;</p> @@ -66927,17 +66917,17 @@ off</a></b>,</p> <p>with perf. infin., <a href = "#sec2225">2225</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_willingness" id = "subj_willingness" href = +<b><a id = "subj_willingness" href = "#subj_w">Willingness</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by subjv. of desire, <a href = "#sec1553">1553</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_winds" id = "subj_winds" href = +<b><a id = "subj_winds" href = "#subj_w">Winds</a></b>,</p> <p>names of, gender, <a href = "#sec405">405</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_wish" id = "subj_wish" href = +<b><a id = "subj_wish" href = "#subj_w">Wish</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by subjv., <a href = "#sec1540">1540-1546</a>;</p> <p>introduced by <b>utinam</b>, <b>utī</b>, <b>ut</b>, <b>quī</b>, @@ -66946,13 +66936,13 @@ off</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>sī</b>, <b>ō sī</b>, <a href = "#sec1546">1546</a>;</p> <p>expressed by subjv. in subordinate sentence, <a href = "#sec1731">1731</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page546" id = "page546"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page546"> 546</a></span> <p>expressed by imper., <a href = "#sec1571">1571</a>;</p> <p>as prot. of conditional period, <a href = "#sec2110">2110</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_wishing" id = "subj_wishing" href = +<b><a id = "subj_wishing" href = "#subj_w">Wishing</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with double acc., <a href = "#sec1172">1172</a>;</p> <p>subjv. coordinated with, <a href = "#sec1707">1707</a>;</p> @@ -66967,12 +66957,12 @@ off</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_desire">Desire</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_without" id = "subj_without" href = +<b><a id = "subj_without" href = "#subj_w">Without</a></b>,</p> <p>expressed by partic. and neg., <a href = "#sec2296">2296</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_wondering" id = "subj_wondering" href = +<b><a id = "subj_wondering" href = "#subj_w">Wondering</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs of, with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1774">1774</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>;</p> @@ -66983,7 +66973,7 @@ off</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2184">2184</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_words" id = "subj_words" href = +<b><a id = "subj_words" href = "#subj_w">Words</a></b>,</p> <p>simple, defined, <a href = "#sec181">181</a>;</p> <p>compound, defined, <a href = "#sec181">181</a>;</p> @@ -66994,22 +66984,22 @@ off</a></b>,</p> <p>their inflection, <a href = "#sec397">397-1022</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "subj_y" id = "subj_y" href = "#index_subject">Y</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "subj_y" href = "#index_subject">Y</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_yes" id = "subj_yes" href = +<b><a id = "subj_yes" href = "#subj_y">Yes</a></b>,</p> <p>how expressed, <a href = "#sec1511">1511</a>, <a href = "#sec1512">1512</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_yesno" id = "subj_yesno" href = "#subj_y">Yes or No +<b><a id = "subj_yesno" href = "#subj_y">Yes or No Questions</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1501">1501-1525</a>;</p> <p>in indirect questions, <a href = "#sec1775">1775-1777</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#subj_questions">Questions</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "subj_yielding" id = "subj_yielding" href = +<b><a id = "subj_yielding" href = "#subj_y">Yielding</a></b>,</p> <p>expressions of, case with, <a href = "#sec1181">1181-1185</a>.</p> @@ -67019,9 +67009,9 @@ Questions</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1501">1501-1525</a>;</p> <div class = "index"> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page547" id = "page547"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page547"> 547</a></span> -<h2><a name = "index_words" id = "index_words">INDEX OF LATIN +<h2><a id = "index_words">INDEX OF LATIN WORDS.</a></h2> <p class = "three">THE REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.</p> @@ -67054,7 +67044,7 @@ WORDS.</a></h2> <a href = "#words_z"> Z </a> </p> -<h3><a name = "words_a" id = "words_a" href = "#words">A</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_a" href = "#words">A</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>a</b>,</p> @@ -67077,7 +67067,7 @@ WORDS.</a></h2> 3</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ab" id = "words_ab" href = "#words_a">ab</a></b> +<b><a id = "words_ab" href = "#words_a">ab</a></b> (<b>ā</b>), prep., <a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec164_2">164, 2</a>;</p> <p>with abl. proper, <a href = "#sec1297">1297</a>;</p> @@ -67105,44 +67095,44 @@ WORDS.</a></h2> <a href = "#sec2432">2432</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abeo" id = "words_abeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_abeo" href = "#words_a">abeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec766">766</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abhinc" id = "words_abhinc" href = +<b><a id = "words_abhinc" href = "#words_a">abhinc</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1154">1154</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1154">1154</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abies" id = "words_abies" href = +<b><a id = "words_abies" href = "#words_a">abiēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>;</p> <p>quantity of <b>e</b> in, <a href = "#sec2456">2456</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abigo" id = "words_abigo" href = +<b><a id = "words_abigo" href = "#words_a">abigō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abnueo" id = "words_abnueo" href = +<b><a id = "words_abnueo" href = "#words_a">abnueō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec819">819</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aboleo" id = "words_aboleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_aboleo" href = "#words_a">aboleō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1003">1003</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abolesco" id = "words_abolesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_abolesco" href = "#words_a">abolēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abs" id = "words_abs" href = +<b><a id = "words_abs" href = "#words_a">abs</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>;</p> <p>pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>, @@ -67150,39 +67140,39 @@ WORDS.</a></h2> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec710">710</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abscondo" id = "words_abscondo" href = +<b><a id = "words_abscondo" href = "#words_a">abscondō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec860">860</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_absens" id = "words_absens" href = +<b><a id = "words_absens" href = "#words_a">absēns</a></b>, <a href = "#sec749">749</a>, <a href = "#sec902">902</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_absente" id = "words_absente" href = +<b><a id = "words_absente" href = "#words_a">absente nōbīs</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1092">1092</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_absiste" id = "words_absiste" href = +<b><a id = "words_absiste" href = "#words_a">absiste</a></b>,</p> <p>with infin., for <b>nōlī</b>, <a href = "#sec1584">1584</a>, <a href = "#sec2170">2170</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_absorbeo" id = "words_absorbeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_absorbeo" href = "#words_a">absorbeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_absque" id = "words_absque" href = +<b><a id = "words_absque" href = "#words_a">absque</a></b>,</p> <p><b>apsque</b>, <a href = "#sec1421">1421</a>, <a href = "#sec1701">1701</a>, <a href = "#sec2110">2110</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_absum" id = "words_absum" href = +<b><a id = "words_absum" href = "#words_a">absum</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl. of amount of difference, <a href = "#sec1153">1153</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1212">1212</a>;</p> @@ -67190,29 +67180,29 @@ WORDS.</a></h2> "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abunde" id = "words_abunde" href = +<b><a id = "words_abunde" href = "#words_a">abunde</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_abutor" id = "words_abutor" href = +<b><a id = "words_abutor" href = "#words_a">abūtor</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1380">1380</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ac" id = "words_ac" href = +<b><a id = "words_ac" href = "#words_a">ac</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>; see <b><a href = "#words_atque">atque</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_accedit" id = "words_accedit" href = +<b><a id = "words_accedit" href = "#words_a">accēdit</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1845">1845</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1965">1965</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_accheruns" id = "words_accheruns" href = +<b><a id = "words_accheruns" href = "#words_a">Accherūns</a></b>,</p> <p>in acc., <a href = "#sec1157">1157</a>;</p> <p>in loc., <a href = "#sec1336">1336</a>;</p> @@ -67221,7 +67211,7 @@ see <b><a href = "#words_atque">atque</a></b>.</p> <a href = "#sec1343">1343</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_accido" id = "words_accido" href = +<b><a id = "words_accido" href = "#words_a">accidō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>;</p> <p>tense after, <a href = "#sec1758">1758</a>;</p> @@ -67233,52 +67223,52 @@ see <b><a href = "#words_atque">atque</a></b>.</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_accipio" id = "words_accipio" href = +<b><a id = "words_accipio" href = "#words_a">accīpiō</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2175">2175</a>;</p> <p><b>accēpimus</b> with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2220">2220</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_accitus" id = "words_accitus" href = +<b><a id = "words_accitus" href = "#words_a">accītus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec919">919</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_accommodatus" id = "words_accommodatus" href = +<b><a id = "words_accommodatus" href = "#words_a">accommodātus</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat. of person and acc. with <b>ad</b> of thing, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>;</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2254">2254</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_accumbo" id = "words_accumbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_accumbo" href = "#words_a">accumbō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec974">974</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_acer" id = "words_acer" href = +<b><a id = "words_acer" href = "#words_a">ācer</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec344">344</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec627">627-629</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_acesco" id = "words_acesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_acesco" href = "#words_a">acēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_acies" id = "words_acies" href = +<b><a id = "words_acies" href = "#words_a">aciēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec606">606</a>, <a href = "#sec607">607</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_acquiesco" id = "words_acquiesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_acquiesco" href = "#words_a">acquiēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_acuo" id = "words_acuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_acuo" href = "#words_a">acuō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec367">367</a>, <a href = "#sec839">839</a>, @@ -67287,13 +67277,13 @@ see <b><a href = "#words_atque">atque</a></b>.</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_acus" id = "words_acus" href = +<b><a id = "words_acus" href = "#words_a">acus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec588">588</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec592">592</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ad" id = "words_ad" href = +<b><a id = "words_ad" href = "#words_a">ad</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>in comp., form of, <a href = "#sec148">148</a>;</p> @@ -67326,24 +67316,24 @@ see <b><a href = "#words_atque">atque</a></b>.</p> <a href = "#sec2286">2286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adaeque" id = "words_adaeque" href = +<b><a id = "words_adaeque" href = "#words_a">adaequē</a></b>,</p> <p>correlative of <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adamussim" id = "words_adamussim" href = +<b><a id = "words_adamussim" href = "#words_a">adamussim</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec549">549</a>, <a href = "#sec698">698</a>, <a href = "#sec699">699</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_addo" id = "words_addo" href = +<b><a id = "words_addo" href = "#words_a">addō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1846">1846</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adeo" id = "words_adeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_adeo" href = "#words_a">adeō</a></b>,</p> <p>verb, conjug. of, <a href = "#sec763">763</a>, <a href = "#sec766">766</a>.</p> @@ -67354,111 +67344,111 @@ see <b><a href = "#words_atque">atque</a></b>.</p> "#sec1970">1970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adeps" id = "words_adeps" href = +<b><a id = "words_adeps" href = "#words_a">adeps</a></b> (<b>adips</b>), decl. of, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page548" id = "page548"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page548"> 548</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adfatim" id = "words_adfatim" href = +<b><a id = "words_adfatim" href = "#words_a">adfatim</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec549">549</a>, <a href = "#sec699">699</a>;</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adfinis" id = "words_adfinis" href = +<b><a id = "words_adfinis" href = "#words_a">adfīnis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec558">558</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1268">1268</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adgredior" id = "words_adgredior" href = +<b><a id = "words_adgredior" href = "#words_a">adgredior</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>, <a href = "#sec799">799</a>, <a href = "#sec986">986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adhuc" id = "words_adhuc" href = +<b><a id = "words_adhuc" href = "#words_a">adhūc</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1253">1253</a>;</p> <p>with compar., <a href = "#sec1459">1459</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adicio" id = "words_adicio" href = +<b><a id = "words_adicio" href = "#words_a">adiciō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1846">1846</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adigo" id = "words_adigo" href = +<b><a id = "words_adigo" href = "#words_a">adigō</a></b>,</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1198">1198</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adimo" id = "words_adimo" href = +<b><a id = "words_adimo" href = "#words_a">adimō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>;</p> <p>with infin. as obj., <a href = "#sec2206">2206</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adipiscor" id = "words_adipiscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_adipiscor" href = "#words_a">adipīscor</a></b>, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>; with gen., <a href = "#sec1292">1292</a>;</p> <p><b>adeptus</b> as pass., <a href = "#sec1492">1492</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adiuero" id = "words_adiuero" href = +<b><a id = "words_adiuero" href = "#words_a">adiuero</a></b>,</p> <p><b>adiuerit</b>, <a href = "#sec891">891</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adlego" id = "words_adlego" href = +<b><a id = "words_adlego" href = "#words_a">adlegō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adlicio" id = "words_adlicio" href = +<b><a id = "words_adlicio" href = "#words_a">adliciō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec956">956</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_admodum" id = "words_admodum" href = +<b><a id = "words_admodum" href = "#words_a">admodum</a></b>,</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec698">698</a>, <a href = "#sec699">699</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adnexuerant" id = "words_adnexuerant" href = +<b><a id = "words_adnexuerant" href = "#words_a">adnexuerant</a></b>, <a href = "#sec960">960</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adolesco" id = "words_adolesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_adolesco" href = "#words_a">adolēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ador" id = "words_ador" href = +<b><a id = "words_ador" href = "#words_a">ador</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec575">575</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adorior" id = "words_adorior" href = +<b><a id = "words_adorior" href = "#words_a">adorior</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adravim" id = "words_adravim" href = "#words_a">ad +<b><a id = "words_adravim" href = "#words_a">ad ravim</a></b>,</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec549">549</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adsentio" id = "words_adsentio" href = +<b><a id = "words_adsentio" href = "#words_a">adsentiō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>adsentior</b>, <a href = "#sec800">800</a>, <a href = "#sec1015">1015</a>, @@ -67466,44 +67456,44 @@ ravim</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>haud</b>, <a href = "#sec1449">1449</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adspergo" id = "words_adspergo" href = +<b><a id = "words_adspergo" href = "#words_a">adspergō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adsuefacio" id = "words_adsuefacio" href = +<b><a id = "words_adsuefacio" href = "#words_a">adsuēfaciō</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2197">2197</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adulo" id = "words_adulo" href = +<b><a id = "words_adulo" href = "#words_a">adūlō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1489">1489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adulor" id = "words_adulor" href = +<b><a id = "words_adulor" href = "#words_a">adūlor</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat. or acc., <a href = "#sec1184">1184</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adultus" id = "words_adultus" href = +<b><a id = "words_adultus" href = "#words_a">adultus</a></b>,</p> <p>with act. meaning, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>, <a href = "#sec1485">1485</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_advenio" id = "words_advenio" href = +<b><a id = "words_advenio" href = "#words_a">adveniō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec822">822</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adversum" id = "words_adversum" href = +<b><a id = "words_adversum" href = "#words_a">adversum</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>verbs combined with, followed by dat., <a href = "#sec1187">1187</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adversus" id = "words_adversus" href = +<b><a id = "words_adversus" href = "#words_a">adversus</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>used after <b>impius</b>, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>;</p> @@ -67511,21 +67501,21 @@ ravim</a></b>,</p> "#sec1261">1261</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_adverto" id = "words_adverto" href = +<b><a id = "words_adverto" href = "#words_a">advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_animum">animum advertō</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_advesperascit" id = "words_advesperascit" href = +<b><a id = "words_advesperascit" href = "#words_a">advesperāscit</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec872">872</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_advorsum" id = "words_advorsum" href = +<b><a id = "words_advorsum" href = "#words_a">advorsum quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1895">1895</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ae" id = "words_ae" href = +<b><a id = "words_ae" href = "#words_a">ae</a></b>,</p> <p>diphthong, pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec49">49</a>, <a href = "#sec96">96</a>;</p> @@ -67534,12 +67524,12 @@ ravim</a></b>,</p> <p>weakened to <b>ei</b> and <b>ī</b>, <a href = "#sec108">108</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aedile" id = "words_aedile" href = +<b><a id = "words_aedile" href = "#words_a">aedīle</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec558">558</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aedis" id = "words_aedis" href = +<b><a id = "words_aedis" href = "#words_a">aedis</a></b>,</p> <p>sing. and plur. of, meaning, <a href = "#sec418">418</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec522">522</a>, @@ -67550,25 +67540,25 @@ ravim</a></b>,</p> <b>aegrē . . . cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1869">1869</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aegyptus" id = "words_aegyptus" href = +<b><a id = "words_aegyptus" href = "#words_a">Aegyptus</a></b>,</p> <p>use of acc. of, <a href = "#sec1161">1161</a>;</p> <p>use of loc. of, <a href = "#sec1336">1336</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aemulus" id = "words_aemulus" href = +<b><a id = "words_aemulus" href = "#words_a">aemulus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1183">1183</a>, <a href = "#sec1268">1268</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aequalis" id = "words_aequalis" href = +<b><a id = "words_aequalis" href = "#words_a">aequālis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec558">558</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aeque" id = "words_aeque" href = +<b><a id = "words_aeque" href = "#words_a">aequē</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1392">1392</a>;</p> <p>with compar., <a href = "#sec1463">1463</a>;</p> @@ -67577,7 +67567,7 @@ ravim</a></b>,</p> <p>correlative of <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aequius" id = "words_aequius" href = +<b><a id = "words_aequius" href = "#words_a">aequius erat</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1497">1497</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> @@ -67586,7 +67576,7 @@ ravim</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aequus" id = "words_aequus" href = +<b><a id = "words_aequus" href = "#words_a">aequus</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>;</p> <p>agreeing with abl. of quality, <a href = "#sec1240">1240</a>;</p> @@ -67600,7 +67590,7 @@ ravim</a></b>,</p> "#sec2230">2230</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aes" id = "words_aes" href = +<b><a id = "words_aes" href = "#words_a">aes</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec58">58</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, @@ -67611,14 +67601,14 @@ ravim</a></b>,</p> <p>use of plur. of, <a href = "#sec1108">1108</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aestimo" id = "words_aestimo" href = +<b><a id = "words_aestimo" href = "#words_a">aestimō</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1271">1271</a>;</p> <p>with abl. of value, <a href = "#sec1273">1273</a>, <a href = "#sec1390">1390</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_age" id = "words_age" href = +<b><a id = "words_age" href = "#words_a">age</a></b>,</p> <p>used of several persons, <a href = "#sec1075">1075</a>;</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>;</p> @@ -67626,29 +67616,29 @@ ravim</a></b>,</p> <p>asyndeton with, <a href = "#sec1641">1641</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_agedum" id = "words_agedum" href = +<b><a id = "words_agedum" href = "#words_a">agedum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>, <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_agidum" id = "words_agidum" href = +<b><a id = "words_agidum" href = "#words_a">agidum</a></b>,</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_agite" id = "words_agite" href = "#words_a">agite +<b><a id = "words_agite" href = "#words_a">agite dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_agnosco" id = "words_agnosco" href = +<b><a id = "words_agnosco" href = "#words_a">āgnōscō</a></b>,</p> <p>fut. partic. of, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>perf. partic. of, <a href = "#sec919">919</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec965">965</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ago" id = "words_ago" href = +<b><a id = "words_ago" href = "#words_a">agō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec829">829</a>;</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec863">863</a>;</p> @@ -67660,7 +67650,7 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec1875">1875</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ai" id = "words_ai" href = +<b><a id = "words_ai" href = "#words_a">ai</a></b>,</p> <p>diphthong, pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec50">50</a>, <a href = "#sec96">96</a>;</p> @@ -67672,7 +67662,7 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <p>weakened to <b>ē</b>, <a href = "#sec96">96</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aio" id = "words_aio" href = +<b><a id = "words_aio" href = "#words_a">aiō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec23">23</a>; <a href = "#sec153_2">153, 2</a>;</p> @@ -67683,45 +67673,45 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec805">805</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_albeo" id = "words_albeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_albeo" href = "#words_a">albeō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ales" id = "words_ales" href = +<b><a id = "words_ales" href = "#words_a">āles</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec506">506</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alesco" id = "words_alesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_alesco" href = "#words_a">alēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_algeo" id = "words_algeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_algeo" href = "#words_a">algeō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec868">868</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_algesco" id = "words_algesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_algesco" href = "#words_a">algēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec959">959</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alias" id = "words_alias" href = +<b><a id = "words_alias" href = "#words_a">aliās</a></b>,</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec702">702</a>;</p> <p>with fut. perf., <a href = "#sec1630">1630</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alicubi" id = "words_alicubi" href = +<b><a id = "words_alicubi" href = "#words_a">alicubī̆</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129_2">129, 2</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec709">709</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alienus" id = "words_alienus" href = +<b><a id = "words_alienus" href = "#words_a">aliēnus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec319">319</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1202">1202</a>, @@ -67732,12 +67722,12 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <p>with <b>domus</b>, <a href = "#sec1337">1337</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aliquamdiu" id = "words_aliquamdiu" href = +<b><a id = "words_aliquamdiu" href = "#words_a">aliquamdiū</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec92">92</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aliquis" id = "words_aliquis" href = +<b><a id = "words_aliquis" href = "#words_a">aliquis</a></b>,</p> <p><b>aliquī</b>, decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> <p>with correlatives, <a href = "#sec695">695</a>;</p> @@ -67748,13 +67738,13 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> "#sec2391">2391</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alis" id = "words_alis" href = +<b><a id = "words_alis" href = "#words_a">Ālis</a></b>,</p> <p>use of acc. of, <a href = "#sec1161">1161</a>;</p> <p>use of abl. of, <a href = "#sec1347">1347</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aliter" id = "words_aliter" href = +<b><a id = "words_aliter" href = "#words_a">aliter</a></b>,</p> <p>followed by <b>et</b>, <a href = "#sec1653">1653</a>;</p> <p><b>nōn aliter</b>, correlative of <b>ut</b>, <a href = @@ -67762,7 +67752,7 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <p>with <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2021">2021</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alius" id = "words_alius" href = +<b><a id = "words_alius" href = "#words_a">alius</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. sing. of, <a href = "#sec127_6">127, 6</a>; <a href = "#sec618">618-620</a>;</p> @@ -67775,35 +67765,35 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <p>followed by <b>et</b>, <a href = "#sec1653">1653</a>;</p> <p><b>aliī . . . aliī</b>, <a href = "#sec1687">1687</a>;</p> <p><b>aliī sunt quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page549" id = "page549"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page549"> 549</a></span> <p>use of, expressing reciprocal relations, <a href = "#sec2344">2344</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_allex" id = "words_allex" href = +<b><a id = "words_allex" href = "#words_a">allēx</a></b> (<b>allēc</b>), gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec473">473</a>;</p> <p>quantity of <b>e</b> in, <a href = "#sec2448">2448</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_allia" id = "words_allia" href = +<b><a id = "words_allia" href = "#words_a">Allia</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec406">406</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alo" id = "words_alo" href = +<b><a id = "words_alo" href = "#words_a">alō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alpes" id = "words_alpes" href = +<b><a id = "words_alpes" href = "#words_a">Alpēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec406">406</a>; no sing., <a href = "#sec417">417</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alter" id = "words_alter" href = +<b><a id = "words_alter" href = "#words_a">alter</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec347">347</a>;</p> <p>gen. sing. of, <a href = "#sec127_6">127, 6</a>; @@ -67817,40 +67807,40 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2400">2400</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alternis" id = "words_alternis" href = +<b><a id = "words_alternis" href = "#words_a">alternīs</a></b>,</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec704">704</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alteruter" id = "words_alteruter" href = +<b><a id = "words_alteruter" href = "#words_a">alteruter</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec694">694</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_altus" id = "words_altus" href = +<b><a id = "words_altus" href = "#words_a">altus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec343">343</a>;</p> <p>with acc. appended, <a href = "#sec1130">1130</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_alvos" id = "words_alvos" href = +<b><a id = "words_alvos" href = "#words_a">alvos</a></b> (<b>alvus</b>), gender of, <a href = "#sec447">447</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_amabilis" id = "words_amabilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_amabilis" href = "#words_a">amābilis</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec294">294</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec359">359</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ambi" id = "words_ambi" href = +<b><a id = "words_ambi" href = "#words_a">ambi-</a></b>,</p> <p>inseparable prep., <a href = "#sec392">392</a>, <a href = "#sec1409">1409</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ambio" id = "words_ambio" href = +<b><a id = "words_ambio" href = "#words_a">ambiō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec763">763</a>, <a href = "#sec766">766</a>, @@ -67858,7 +67848,7 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec919">919</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ambo" id = "words_ambo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ambo" href = "#words_a">ambō</a></b>,</p> <p>dual, <a href = "#sec415">415</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec442">442</a>, @@ -67866,18 +67856,18 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec640">640</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_amens" id = "words_amens" href = +<b><a id = "words_amens" href = "#words_a">āmēns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_amicio" id = "words_amicio" href = +<b><a id = "words_amicio" href = "#words_a">amiciō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_amnis" id = "words_amnis" href = +<b><a id = "words_amnis" href = "#words_a">amnis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec517">517</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>;</p> @@ -67885,21 +67875,21 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_amo" id = "words_amo" href = +<b><a id = "words_amo" href = "#words_a">amō</a></b>,</p> <p>no supine, <a href = "#sec900">900</a>;</p> <p>with <b>haud</b>, <a href = "#sec1449">1449</a>;</p> <p><b>amābō</b> with imper., <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_amplector" id = "words_amplector" href = +<b><a id = "words_amplector" href = "#words_a">amplector</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec835">835</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec985">985</a>;</p> <p>with reflexive force, <a href = "#sec1487">1487</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_amplius" id = "words_amplius" href = +<b><a id = "words_amplius" href = "#words_a">amplius</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>;</p> <p>without <b>quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1328">1328</a>;</p> @@ -67908,7 +67898,7 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <p>in expressions of age, <a href = "#sec1329">1329</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_an" id = "words_an" href = +<b><a id = "words_an" href = "#words_a">an</a></b>,</p> <p>use in single questions, <a href = "#sec1503">1503</a>, <a href = "#sec1508">1508</a>;</p> @@ -67940,70 +67930,70 @@ dum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1573">1573</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec1409">1409</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_anactorium" id = "words_anactorium" href = +<b><a id = "words_anactorium" href = "#words_a">Anactorium</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, with <b>in</b>, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_anas" id = "words_anas" href = +<b><a id = "words_anas" href = "#words_a">anas</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>;</p> <p>quantity of second <b>a</b> in, <a href = "#sec2455">2455</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_anates" id = "words_anates" href = +<b><a id = "words_anates" href = "#words_a">anatēs</a></b>,</p> <p>epicene, <a href = "#sec411">411</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_anceps" id = "words_anceps" href = +<b><a id = "words_anceps" href = "#words_a">anceps</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>, <a href = "#sec635">635</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_andros" id = "words_andros" href = +<b><a id = "words_andros" href = "#words_a">Andros</a></b>,</p> <p>how used in abl., <a href = "#sec1308">1308</a>, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ango" id = "words_ango" href = +<b><a id = "words_ango" href = "#words_a">angō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_angor" id = "words_angor" href = +<b><a id = "words_angor" href = "#words_a">angor</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <b>quom</b>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2188">2188</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_anguis" id = "words_anguis" href = +<b><a id = "words_anguis" href = "#words_a">anguis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec556">556</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_animas" id = "words_animas" href = +<b><a id = "words_animas" href = "#words_a">animās</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. partic., <a href = "#sec902">902</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_animum" id = "words_animum" href = "#words_a">animum +<b><a id = "words_animum" href = "#words_a">animum advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1198">1198</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_animus" id = "words_animus" href = +<b><a id = "words_animus" href = "#words_a">animus</a></b>,</p> <p>loc. and abl. of, <a href = "#sec1339">1339</a>, <a href = "#sec1344">1344</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ante" id = "words_ante" href = +<b><a id = "words_ante" href = "#words_a">ante</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1188">1188</a>, @@ -68024,11 +68014,11 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2286">2286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ante_ivit" id = "words_ante_ivit" href = +<b><a id = "words_ante_ivit" href = "#words_a">ante īvit</a></b>, <a href = "#sec767">767</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_antequam" id = "words_antequam" href = +<b><a id = "words_antequam" href = "#words_a">antequam</a></b>,</p> <p>with pres. indic. of fut. action, <a href = "#sec1593">1593</a>;</p> <p>with fut. perf., <a href = "#sec1626">1626</a>;</p> @@ -68037,49 +68027,49 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>in particular statements, <a href = "#sec1915">1915-1921</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_antiquos" id = "words_antiquos" href = +<b><a id = "words_antiquos" href = "#words_a">antīquos</a></b> (<b>antīcus</b>, <b>antīquom</b>, <b>antīcum</b>), <a href = "#sec327">327</a>, <a href = "#sec452">452</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_apage" id = "words_apage" href = +<b><a id = "words_apage" href = "#words_a">apage</a></b>, <a href = "#sec805">805</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aperio" id = "words_aperio" href = +<b><a id = "words_aperio" href = "#words_a">aperiō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_apis" id = "words_apis" href = +<b><a id = "words_apis" href = "#words_a">apis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec563">563</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_apiscor" id = "words_apiscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_apiscor" href = "#words_a">apīscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1292">1292</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_apium" id = "words_apium" href = +<b><a id = "words_apium" href = "#words_a">apium</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_appareo" id = "words_appareo" href = +<b><a id = "words_appareo" href = "#words_a">appāreō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_applico" id = "words_applico" href = +<b><a id = "words_applico" href = "#words_a">applicō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aptus" id = "words_aptus" href = +<b><a id = "words_aptus" href = "#words_a">aptus</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1819">1819</a>;</p> @@ -68088,30 +68078,30 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> "#sec2252">2252</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_apud" id = "words_apud" href = +<b><a id = "words_apud" href = "#words_a">apud</a></b> (<b>aput</b>), prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec119">119</a>;</p> <p>not compounded, <a href = "#sec1406">1406</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aqua" id = "words_aqua" href = +<b><a id = "words_aqua" href = "#words_a">aqua</a></b>,</p> <p>use of plur. of, <a href = "#sec1108">1108</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_arar" id = "words_arar" href = +<b><a id = "words_arar" href = "#words_a">Arar</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec519">519</a>, <a href = "#sec544">544</a>, <a href = "#sec556">556</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_arbitro" id = "words_arbitro" href = +<b><a id = "words_arbitro" href = "#words_a">arbitrō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1489">1489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_arbor" id = "words_arbor" href = +<b><a id = "words_arbor" href = "#words_a">arbor</a></b> (<b>arbōs</b>), form of, <a href = "#sec154">154</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>, @@ -68120,41 +68110,41 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec576">576</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_arceo" id = "words_arceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_arceo" href = "#words_a">arceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_arcesso" id = "words_arcesso" href = +<b><a id = "words_arcesso" href = "#words_a">arcēssō</a></b> (<b>accersō</b>), perf. of, <a href = "#sec870">870</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec970">970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_arcus" id = "words_arcus" href = +<b><a id = "words_arcus" href = "#words_a">arcus</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec592">592</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ardeo" id = "words_ardeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ardeo" href = "#words_a">ārdeō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec2170">2170</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ardesco" id = "words_ardesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_ardesco" href = "#words_a">ārdēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec959">959</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aresco" id = "words_aresco" href = +<b><a id = "words_aresco" href = "#words_a">ārēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_arguo" id = "words_arguo" href = +<b><a id = "words_arguo" href = "#words_a">arguō</a></b>,</p> <p>stem of, <a href = "#sec367">367</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> @@ -68165,31 +68155,31 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> "#sec2264">2264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aries" id = "words_aries" href = +<b><a id = "words_aries" href = "#words_a">ariēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>;</p> <p>quantity of <b>e</b> in, <a href = "#sec2456">2456</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page550" id = "page550"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page550"> 550</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_arpinas" id = "words_arpinas" href = +<b><a id = "words_arpinas" href = "#words_a">Arpīnās</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec88">88</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_artua" id = "words_artua" href = +<b><a id = "words_artua" href = "#words_a">artua</a></b>,</p> <p>nom. and acc. plur., <a href = "#sec586">586</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_artus" id = "words_artus" href = +<b><a id = "words_artus" href = "#words_a">artūs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec592">592</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_as" id = "words_as" href = +<b><a id = "words_as" href = "#words_a">ās</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec171">171, 1</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec539">539</a>;</p> @@ -68200,11 +68190,11 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>meaning and divisions of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ast" id = "words_ast" href = "#words_a">ast</a></b>, +<b><a id = "words_ast" href = "#words_a">ast</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1685">1685</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_at" id = "words_at" href = +<b><a id = "words_at" href = "#words_a">at</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1676">1676</a>, <a href = "#sec1685">1685</a>, @@ -68212,7 +68202,7 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>correlative of <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2018">2018</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_atque" id = "words_atque" href = +<b><a id = "words_atque" href = "#words_a">atque</a></b>,</p> <p>connecting substs. with sing. or plur. verb, <a href = "#sec1064">1064-1066</a>;</p> @@ -68238,35 +68228,35 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>īdem atque</b>, <a href = "#sec2373">2373</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_atqui" id = "words_atqui" href = +<b><a id = "words_atqui" href = "#words_a">atquī</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec706">706</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec2152">2152</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_atquin" id = "words_atquin" href = +<b><a id = "words_atquin" href = "#words_a">atquīn</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2152">2152</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_atteruisse" id = "words_atteruisse" href = +<b><a id = "words_atteruisse" href = "#words_a">atteruisse</a></b>, <a href = "#sec963">963</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_attingo" id = "words_attingo" href = +<b><a id = "words_attingo" href = "#words_a">attingō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec925">925</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_attondeo" id = "words_attondeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_attondeo" href = "#words_a">attondeō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_attribuo" id = "words_attribuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_attribuo" href = "#words_a">attribuō</a></b>,</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_au" id = "words_au" href = +<b><a id = "words_au" href = "#words_a">au</a></b>,</p> <p>diphthong, pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec47">47</a>, <a href = "#sec49">49</a>;</p> @@ -68279,17 +68269,17 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>with voc. nom. and voc., <a href = "#sec1123">1123</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aucupo" id = "words_aucupo" href = +<b><a id = "words_aucupo" href = "#words_a">aucupō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1489">1489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_audeo" id = "words_audeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_audeo" href = "#words_a">audeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec801">801</a>, <a href = "#sec1488">1488</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_audio" id = "words_audio" href = +<b><a id = "words_audio" href = "#words_a">audiō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec796">796</a>, <a href = "#sec797">797</a>;</p> @@ -68297,22 +68287,22 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_augeo" id = "words_augeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_augeo" href = "#words_a">augeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec999">999</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_auspicato" id = "words_auspicato" href = +<b><a id = "words_auspicato" href = "#words_a">auspicātō</a></b>,</p> <p>as adv., <a href = "#sec704">704</a>, <a href = "#sec1372">1372</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_auspico" id = "words_auspico" href = +<b><a id = "words_auspico" href = "#words_a">auspicō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1489">1489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aut" id = "words_aut" href = +<b><a id = "words_aut" href = "#words_a">aut</a></b>,</p> <p>connecting substs. with sing. or plur. verb, <a href = "#sec1070">1070</a>;</p> @@ -68322,7 +68312,7 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2149">2149</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_autem" id = "words_autem" href = +<b><a id = "words_autem" href = "#words_a">autem</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing parenthesis, <a href = "#sec1642">1642</a>;</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1676">1676</a>;</p> @@ -68332,35 +68322,35 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing adversative sentence, <a href = "#sec2151">2151</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_auxilium" id = "words_auxilium" href = +<b><a id = "words_auxilium" href = "#words_a">auxilium</a></b>,</p> <p>sing. and plur. of, meaning, <a href = "#sec418">418</a>;</p> <p>dat. of, with verb, <a href = "#sec1220">1220</a>, <a href = "#sec1223">1223</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ave" id = "words_ave" href = +<b><a id = "words_ave" href = "#words_a">avē̆</a></b>,</p> <p><b>havē̆</b>, <a href = "#sec805">805</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_aveo" id = "words_aveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_aveo" href = "#words_a">aveō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_avis" id = "words_avis" href = +<b><a id = "words_avis" href = "#words_a">avis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec521">521</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_axis" id = "words_axis" href = +<b><a id = "words_axis" href = "#words_a">axis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_b" id = "words_b" href = "#words">B</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_b" href = "#words">B</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>b</b>,</p> @@ -68373,47 +68363,47 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> "#sec2432">2432</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_balbutio" id = "words_balbutio" href = +<b><a id = "words_balbutio" href = "#words_b">balbutiō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec810">810</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_balsamum" id = "words_balsamum" href = +<b><a id = "words_balsamum" href = "#words_b">balsamum</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_batuo" id = "words_batuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_batuo" href = "#words_b">bātuō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec367">367</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_belli" id = "words_belli" href = +<b><a id = "words_belli" href = "#words_b">bellī</a></b>,</p> <p>loc., <a href = "#sec460">460</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1338">1338</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bello" id = "words_bello" href = +<b><a id = "words_bello" href = "#words_b">bellō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bellius" id = "words_bellius" href = +<b><a id = "words_bellius" href = "#words_b">Bellius</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec161">161</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bellum" id = "words_bellum" href = +<b><a id = "words_bellum" href = "#words_b">bellum</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec161">161</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bellus" id = "words_bellus" href = +<b><a id = "words_bellus" href = "#words_b">bellus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bene" id = "words_bene" href = +<b><a id = "words_bene" href = "#words_b">bene</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>;</p> <p>verbs combined with, followed by dat., <a href = @@ -68421,35 +68411,35 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2440">2440</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_beneficus" id = "words_beneficus" href = +<b><a id = "words_beneficus" href = "#words_b">beneficus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_benevolens" id = "words_benevolens" href = +<b><a id = "words_benevolens" href = "#words_b">benevolēns</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec354">354</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_benevolus" id = "words_benevolus" href = +<b><a id = "words_benevolus" href = "#words_b">benevolus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec354">354</a>;</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bes" id = "words_bes" href = +<b><a id = "words_bes" href = "#words_b">bēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec539">539</a>;</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_beto" id = "words_beto" href = +<b><a id = "words_beto" href = "#words_b">bētō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>bītō</b>, defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>;</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec835">835</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bibo" id = "words_bibo" href = +<b><a id = "words_bibo" href = "#words_b">bibō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec744">744</a>, <a href = "#sec758">758</a>;</p> @@ -68465,19 +68455,19 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>ministrō bibere</b>, <a href = "#sec2164">2164</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_biceps" id = "words_biceps" href = +<b><a id = "words_biceps" href = "#words_b">biceps</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec104">104</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bilis" id = "words_bilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_bilis" href = "#words_b">bīlis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec521">521</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bini" id = "words_bini" href = +<b><a id = "words_bini" href = "#words_b">bīnī</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec317">317</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec643">643</a>;</p> @@ -68487,18 +68477,18 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2420">2420</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bipennis" id = "words_bipennis" href = +<b><a id = "words_bipennis" href = "#words_b">bipennis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec551">551</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bipes" id = "words_bipes" href = +<b><a id = "words_bipes" href = "#words_b">bipēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of. <a href = "#sec532">532</a>, <a href = "#sec636">636</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bis" id = "words_bis" href = +<b><a id = "words_bis" href = "#words_b">bis</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> @@ -68507,17 +68497,17 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> "#sec1895">1895</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_blandior" id = "words_blandior" href = +<b><a id = "words_blandior" href = "#words_b">blandior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1021">1021</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_boletus" id = "words_boletus" href = +<b><a id = "words_boletus" href = "#words_b">bōlētus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bonus" id = "words_bonus" href = +<b><a id = "words_bonus" href = "#words_b">bonus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec161">161</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>;</p> @@ -68525,28 +68515,28 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>bonī</b> as gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1275">1275</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_bos" id = "words_bos" href = +<b><a id = "words_bos" href = "#words_b">bōs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec494">494</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_brevis" id = "words_brevis" href = +<b><a id = "words_brevis" href = "#words_b">brevis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec630">630</a>, <a href = "#sec631">631</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_burim" id = "words_burim" href = +<b><a id = "words_burim" href = "#words_b">būrim</a></b>, <a href = "#sec548">548</a>; gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_burrus" id = "words_burrus" href = +<b><a id = "words_burrus" href = "#words_b">Burrus</a></b>,</p> <p>for later <b>Pyrrhus</b>, <a href = "#sec21">21</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_c" id = "words_c" href = "#words">C</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_c" href = "#words">C</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>c</b>,</p> @@ -68563,7 +68553,7 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> "#sec164_6">164, 6</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cado" id = "words_cado" href = +<b><a id = "words_cado" href = "#words_c">cadō</a></b>,</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec860">860</a>, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>;</p> @@ -68571,74 +68561,74 @@ advertō</a></b>,</p> <p>followed by <b>ab</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1318">1318</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caedes" id = "words_caedes" href = +<b><a id = "words_caedes" href = "#words_c">caedēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec523">523</a>, <a href = "#sec563">563</a>;</p> <p>form <b>caedis</b>, <a href = "#sec541">541</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page551" id = "page551"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page551"> 551</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caedo" id = "words_caedo" href = +<b><a id = "words_caedo" href = "#words_c">caedō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec858">858</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of. <a href = "#sec930">930</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caelebs" id = "words_caelebs" href = +<b><a id = "words_caelebs" href = "#words_c">caelebs</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec624">624</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caelestis" id = "words_caelestis" href = +<b><a id = "words_caelestis" href = "#words_c">caelestis</a></b>,</p> <p><b>-um</b> in gen. plur., <a href = "#sec563">563</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caelicolum" id = "words_caelicolum" href = +<b><a id = "words_caelicolum" href = "#words_c"><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘caelicolŭm’">caelicolū̆m</ins></a></b>,</p> <p>gen., <a href = "#sec439">439</a>, <a href = "#sec2449">2449</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caelite" id = "words_caelite" href = +<b><a id = "words_caelite" href = "#words_c">caelite</a></b>,</p> <p><b>caelitēs</b>, decl. of, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>, <a href = "#sec626">626</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caleo" id = "words_caleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_caleo" href = "#words_c">caleō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_calesco" id = "words_calesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_calesco" href = "#words_c">calēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_calix" id = "words_calix" href = +<b><a id = "words_calix" href = "#words_c">calix</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec473">473</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec473">473</a>, <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_callis" id = "words_callis" href = +<b><a id = "words_callis" href = "#words_c">callis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_calveo" id = "words_calveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_calveo" href = "#words_c">calveō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_calx" id = "words_calx" href = +<b><a id = "words_calx" href = "#words_c">calx</a></b>,</p> <p><i>heel</i>, decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>, @@ -68651,56 +68641,56 @@ title = "text reads ‘caelicolŭm’">caelicolū̆m</ins></a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_canalis" id = "words_canalis" href = +<b><a id = "words_canalis" href = "#words_c">canālis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec520">520</a>, <a href = "#sec554">554</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_candeo" id = "words_candeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_candeo" href = "#words_c">candeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_candesco" id = "words_candesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_candesco" href = "#words_c">candēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caneo" id = "words_caneo" href = +<b><a id = "words_caneo" href = "#words_c">cāneō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_canesco" id = "words_canesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_canesco" href = "#words_c">cānēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_canis" id = "words_canis" href = +<b><a id = "words_canis" href = "#words_c">canis</a></b> (<b>canēs</b>), gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec486">486</a>, <a href = "#sec500">500</a>, <a href = "#sec566">566</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cano" id = "words_cano" href = +<b><a id = "words_cano" href = "#words_c">canō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec924">924</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_capax" id = "words_capax" href = +<b><a id = "words_capax" href = "#words_c">capāx</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1267">1267</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_capesso" id = "words_capesso" href = +<b><a id = "words_capesso" href = "#words_c">capēssō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec970">970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_capio" id = "words_capio" href = +<b><a id = "words_capio" href = "#words_c">capiō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec784">784</a>;</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec832">832</a>, @@ -68711,19 +68701,19 @@ title = "text reads ‘caelicolŭm’">caelicolū̆m</ins></a></b>,</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec940">940</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cardo" id = "words_cardo" href = +<b><a id = "words_cardo" href = "#words_c">cardō</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec485">485</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec485">485</a>, <a href = "#sec574">574</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_carduus" id = "words_carduus" href = +<b><a id = "words_carduus" href = "#words_c">carduus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_careo" id = "words_careo" href = +<b><a id = "words_careo" href = "#words_c">careō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> @@ -68731,50 +68721,50 @@ title = "text reads ‘caelicolŭm’">caelicolū̆m</ins></a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_carnifex" id = "words_carnifex" href = +<b><a id = "words_carnifex" href = "#words_c">carnifex</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec108">108</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caro" id = "words_caro" href = +<b><a id = "words_caro" href = "#words_c">carō</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec545">545</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec545">545</a>, <a href = "#sec574">574</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_carpo" id = "words_carpo" href = +<b><a id = "words_carpo" href = "#words_c">carpō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_carthagini" id = "words_carthagini" href = +<b><a id = "words_carthagini" href = "#words_c">Carthāginī</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_karthagini">Karthāginī</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_carystus" id = "words_carystus" href = +<b><a id = "words_carystus" href = "#words_c">Carystus</a></b>,</p> <p>how used in abl., <a href = "#sec1308">1308</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_casses" id = "words_casses" href = +<b><a id = "words_casses" href = "#words_c">cassēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caudex" id = "words_caudex" href = +<b><a id = "words_caudex" href = "#words_c">caudex</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_codex">cōdex</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caulis" id = "words_caulis" href = +<b><a id = "words_caulis" href = "#words_c">caulis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_causa" id = "words_causa" href = +<b><a id = "words_causa" href = "#words_c">causa</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. of definition with <b>causā</b>, <a href = "#sec1257">1257</a>;</p> @@ -68788,12 +68778,12 @@ title = "text reads ‘caelicolŭm’">caelicolū̆m</ins></a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2270">2270</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cautes" id = "words_cautes" href = +<b><a id = "words_cautes" href = "#words_c">cautēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec523">523</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_caveo" id = "words_caveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_caveo" href = "#words_c">caveō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec864">864</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec996">996</a>;</p> @@ -68806,7 +68796,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1585">1585</a>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ce" id = "words_ce" href = "#words_c">-ce</a></b> +<b><a id = "words_ce" href = "#words_c">-ce</a></b> (<b>-c</b>), enclitic, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>, <a href = "#sec113">113</a>;</p> <p>in <b>hīc</b>, <a href = "#sec663">663</a>, @@ -68817,7 +68807,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1585">1585</a>, <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cedo" id = "words_cedo" href = +<b><a id = "words_cedo" href = "#words_c">cedo</a></b>, <a href = "#sec805">805</a>; coordinated, <a href = "#sec1712">1712</a>;</p> <p>with short <b>o</b>, <a href = "#sec2443">2443</a>.</p> @@ -68827,19 +68817,19 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1585">1585</a>, <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_celo" id = "words_celo" href = +<b><a id = "words_celo" href = "#words_c">cēlō</a></b>,</p> <p>with double acc., <a href = "#sec1169">1169</a>;</p> <p>with <b>dē</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1170">1170</a>;</p> <p>constructions with pass. of, <a href = "#sec1171">1171</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cenatus" id = "words_cenatus" href = +<b><a id = "words_cenatus" href = "#words_c">cēnātus</a></b>,</p> <p>with act. meaning, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_censeo" id = "words_censeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_censeo" href = "#words_c">cēnseō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1005">1005</a>;</p> <p>coordinated, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>;</p> @@ -68848,25 +68838,25 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1585">1585</a>, <a href = "#sec2193">2193</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_centum" id = "words_centum" href = +<b><a id = "words_centum" href = "#words_c">centum</a></b>,</p> <p>indeclinable, <a href = "#sec637">637</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cerno" id = "words_cerno" href = +<b><a id = "words_cerno" href = "#words_c">cernō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec964">964</a>;</p> <p><b>cernitur</b>, impersonally, <a href = "#sec2181">2181</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_certe" id = "words_certe" href = +<b><a id = "words_certe" href = "#words_c">certē</a></b>,</p> <p>in answers, <a href = "#sec1512">1512</a>;</p> <p>correlative of <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2018">2018</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_certo" id = "words_certo" href = +<b><a id = "words_certo" href = "#words_c">certō</a></b>,</p> <p>verb, with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> @@ -68875,48 +68865,48 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1585">1585</a>, <p>adv., in answers, <a href = "#sec1512">1512</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cesor" id = "words_cesor" href = +<b><a id = "words_cesor" href = "#words_c">cēsor</a></b>,</p> <p>form for <b>cēnsor</b>, <a href = "#sec63">63</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ceterum" id = "words_ceterum" href = +<b><a id = "words_ceterum" href = "#words_c">cēterum</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1676">1676</a>, <a href = "#sec1683">1683</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cetus" id = "words_cetus" href = +<b><a id = "words_cetus" href = "#words_c">cētus</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec508">508</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ceu" id = "words_ceu" href = "#words_c">ceu</a></b>, +<b><a id = "words_ceu" href = "#words_c">ceu</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2118">2118</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ch" id = "words_ch" href = +<b><a id = "words_ch" href = "#words_c">ch</a></b>,</p> <p>sound of, <a href = "#sec72">72</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec72">72</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_chersonesus" id = "words_chersonesus" href = +<b><a id = "words_chersonesus" href = "#words_c">Chersonēsus</a></b>,</p> <p>in loc., <a href = "#sec1336">1336</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cicer" id = "words_cicer" href = +<b><a id = "words_cicer" href = "#words_c">cicer</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cicur" id = "words_cicur" href = +<b><a id = "words_cicur" href = "#words_c">cicur</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec624">624</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cieo" id = "words_cieo" href = +<b><a id = "words_cieo" href = "#words_c">cieō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec821">821</a>;</p> <p>perf. partic. of, <a href = "#sec918">918</a>;</p> @@ -68924,12 +68914,12 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1585">1585</a>, <p>defective, <a href = "#sec1002">1002</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cingo" id = "words_cingo" href = +<b><a id = "words_cingo" href = "#words_c">cingō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_circa" id = "words_circa" href = +<b><a id = "words_circa" href = "#words_c">circā</a></b>,</p> <p>adv. and prep., <a href = "#sec707">707</a>, <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>, @@ -68938,13 +68928,13 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1585">1585</a>, "#sec2253">2253</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_circiter" id = "words_circiter" href = +<b><a id = "words_circiter" href = "#words_c">circiter</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>not compounded, <a href = "#sec1406">1406</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_circum" id = "words_circum" href = +<b><a id = "words_circum" href = "#words_c">circum</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, with acc., <a href = "#sec1137">1137</a>;</p> @@ -68954,106 +68944,106 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1585">1585</a>, <p>other constructions with, <a href = "#sec1196">1196</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_circumdo" id = "words_circumdo" href = +<b><a id = "words_circumdo" href = "#words_c">circumdō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec757">757</a>;</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_circumfodio" id = "words_circumfodio" href = +<b><a id = "words_circumfodio" href = "#words_c">circumfodiō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_circumfundo" id = "words_circumfundo" href = +<b><a id = "words_circumfundo" href = "#words_c">circumfundō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_circumsto" id = "words_circumsto" href = +<b><a id = "words_circumsto" href = "#words_c">circum stō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec860">860</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cis" id = "words_cis" href = +<b><a id = "words_cis" href = "#words_c">cis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_citerior" id = "words_citerior" href = +<b><a id = "words_citerior" href = "#words_c">citerior</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_citimus" id = "words_citimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_citimus" href = "#words_c">citimus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec351">351</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_citius" id = "words_citius" href = "#words_c">citius +<b><a id = "words_citius" href = "#words_c">citius quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cito" id = "words_cito" href = +<b><a id = "words_cito" href = "#words_c">cito</a></b>,</p> <p>with iambic shortening of the final <b>o</b>, <a href = "#sec130_3">130, 3</a>; <a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_citra" id = "words_citra" href = +<b><a id = "words_citra" href = "#words_c">citrā</a></b>,</p> <p>prep, and adv., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>, <a href = "#sec1412">1412</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_citus" id = "words_citus" href = +<b><a id = "words_citus" href = "#words_c">citus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec918">918</a>, <a href = "#sec2436">2436</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_civis" id = "words_civis" href = +<b><a id = "words_civis" href = "#words_c">cīvis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec521">521</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_clades" id = "words_clades" href = +<b><a id = "words_clades" href = "#words_c">clādēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec523">523</a>;</p> <p>form <b>clādis</b>, <a href = "#sec541">541</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_clam" id = "words_clam" href = +<b><a id = "words_clam" href = "#words_c">clam</a></b>,</p> <p>as adv., <a href = "#sec1415">1415</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1415">1415</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1415">1415</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page552" id = "page552"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page552"> 552</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_clango" id = "words_clango" href = +<b><a id = "words_clango" href = "#words_c">clangō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_claresco" id = "words_claresco" href = +<b><a id = "words_claresco" href = "#words_c">clārēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_classis" id = "words_classis" href = +<b><a id = "words_classis" href = "#words_c">classis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec521">521</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_claudo" id = "words_claudo" href = +<b><a id = "words_claudo" href = "#words_c">claudō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>claudeō</b>, defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>.</p> @@ -69064,19 +69054,19 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p>form <b>clūdō</b>, <a href = "#sec109">109</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_clavis" id = "words_clavis" href = +<b><a id = "words_clavis" href = "#words_c">clāvis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec519">519</a>, <a href = "#sec551">551</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_clodius" id = "words_clodius" href = +<b><a id = "words_clodius" href = "#words_c">Clōdius</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec97">97</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_clueo" id = "words_clueo" href = +<b><a id = "words_clueo" href = "#words_c">clueō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> @@ -69085,22 +69075,22 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p>abbreviation for <b>Gnaeus</b>, <a href = "#sec18">18</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_codex" id = "words_codex" href = +<b><a id = "words_codex" href = "#words_c">cōdex</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec97">97</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_coemo" id = "words_coemo" href = +<b><a id = "words_coemo" href = "#words_c">coemō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_coeo" id = "words_coeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_coeo" href = "#words_c">coëō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_coepi" id = "words_coepi" href = +<b><a id = "words_coepi" href = "#words_c">coepī</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec812">812</a>;</p> <p>synopsis of, <a href = "#sec812">812</a>;</p> @@ -69115,12 +69105,12 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p>use of act. and pass. of, <a href = "#sec1483">1483</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_coerceo" id = "words_coerceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_coerceo" href = "#words_c">coerceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cognosco" id = "words_cognosco" href = +<b><a id = "words_cognosco" href = "#words_c">cōgnōscō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec169_2">169, 2</a>;</p> <p>perf. partic. of, <a href = "#sec919">919</a>;</p> @@ -69128,28 +69118,28 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cogo" id = "words_cogo" href = +<b><a id = "words_cogo" href = "#words_c">cōgō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_collis" id = "words_collis" href = +<b><a id = "words_collis" href = "#words_c">collis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec556">556</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_colo" id = "words_colo" href = +<b><a id = "words_colo" href = "#words_c">colō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_colus" id = "words_colus" href = +<b><a id = "words_colus" href = "#words_c">colus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec447">447</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_com" id = "words_com" href = +<b><a id = "words_com" href = "#words_c">com-</a></b>,</p> <p>compounds of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1188">1188</a>, <a href = "#sec1189">1189</a>, @@ -69159,78 +69149,78 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec1197">1197</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_comburo" id = "words_comburo" href = +<b><a id = "words_comburo" href = "#words_c">combūrō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_comedo" id = "words_comedo" href = +<b><a id = "words_comedo" href = "#words_c">comedō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec771">771</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_comitia" id = "words_comitia" href = +<b><a id = "words_comitia" href = "#words_c">comitia</a></b>,</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2254">2254</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_comminiscor" id = "words_comminiscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_comminiscor" href = "#words_c">comminīscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_commiserescit" id = "words_commiserescit" href = +<b><a id = "words_commiserescit" href = "#words_c">commiserēscit</a></b>,</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1283">1283</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_commodum" id = "words_commodum" href = +<b><a id = "words_commodum" href = "#words_c">commodum</a></b>,</p> <p>acc. as adv., <a href = "#sec701">701</a>, <a href = "#sec1156">1156</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_commonefacio" id = "words_commonefacio" href = +<b><a id = "words_commonefacio" href = "#words_c">commonē̆faciō</a></b>,</p> <p>with double acc., <a href = "#sec1291">1291</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and gen. or <b>dē</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1291">1291</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_commoneo" id = "words_commoneo" href = +<b><a id = "words_commoneo" href = "#words_c">commoneō</a></b>,</p> <p>with double acc., <a href = "#sec1291">1291</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and gen. or <b>dē</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1291">1291</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_communis" id = "words_communis" href = +<b><a id = "words_communis" href = "#words_c">commūnis</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1202">1202</a>, <a href = "#sec1238">1238</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_commuto" id = "words_commuto" href = +<b><a id = "words_commuto" href = "#words_c">commūtō</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1389">1389</a>;</p> <p>with <b>cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1389">1389</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_como" id = "words_como" href = +<b><a id = "words_como" href = "#words_c">cōmō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_comparo" id = "words_comparo" href = +<b><a id = "words_comparo" href = "#words_c">comparō</a></b>,</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1197">1197</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_compectus" id = "words_compectus" href = +<b><a id = "words_compectus" href = "#words_c">compectus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_compede" id = "words_compede" href = +<b><a id = "words_compede" href = "#words_c">compede</a></b>,</p> <p><b>compedium</b>, <a href = "#sec532">532</a>;</p> <p>stems of, <a href = "#sec569">569</a>;</p> @@ -69238,72 +69228,72 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec572">572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_comperco" id = "words_comperco" href = +<b><a id = "words_comperco" href = "#words_c">compercō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>;</p> <p><b>comperce</b> with infin. for <b>nōlī</b>, <a href = "#sec1584">1584</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_comperio" id = "words_comperio" href = +<b><a id = "words_comperio" href = "#words_c">comperiō, comperior</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1012">1012</a>;</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_compesco" id = "words_compesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_compesco" href = "#words_c">compescō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>;</p> <p><b>conpesce</b> with infin. for <b>nōlī</b>, <a href = "#sec1584">1584</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_compingo" id = "words_compingo" href = +<b><a id = "words_compingo" href = "#words_c">compingō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>;</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec863">863</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_complector" id = "words_complector" href = +<b><a id = "words_complector" href = "#words_c">complector</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec835">835</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec985">985</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_compleo" id = "words_compleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_compleo" href = "#words_c">compleō</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1386">1386</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_complico" id = "words_complico" href = +<b><a id = "words_complico" href = "#words_c">complicō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_complures" id = "words_complures" href = +<b><a id = "words_complures" href = "#words_c">complūrēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec623">623</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_compos" id = "words_compos" href = +<b><a id = "words_compos" href = "#words_c">compos</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec624">624</a>; with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>quantity of second <b>o</b> in, <a href = "#sec2457">2457</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_comprimo" id = "words_comprimo" href = +<b><a id = "words_comprimo" href = "#words_c">comprimō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_compungo" id = "words_compungo" href = +<b><a id = "words_compungo" href = "#words_c">compungō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_concedo" id = "words_concedo" href = +<b><a id = "words_concedo" href = "#words_c">concēdō</a></b>,</p> <p>coordinated, <a href = "#sec1710">1710</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> @@ -69311,63 +69301,63 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_concido" id = "words_concido" href = +<b><a id = "words_concido" href = "#words_c">concidō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec860">860</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_concino" id = "words_concino" href = +<b><a id = "words_concino" href = "#words_c">concinō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_concitus" id = "words_concitus" href = +<b><a id = "words_concitus" href = "#words_c">concitus</a></b> (<b>concītus</b>), <a href = "#sec919">919</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_concolor" id = "words_concolor" href = +<b><a id = "words_concolor" href = "#words_c">concolor</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec537">537</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_concors" id = "words_concors" href = +<b><a id = "words_concors" href = "#words_c">concors</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec532">532</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_concreduo" id = "words_concreduo" href = +<b><a id = "words_concreduo" href = "#words_c">concrēduō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec756">756</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_concupisco" id = "words_concupisco" href = +<b><a id = "words_concupisco" href = "#words_c">concupīscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_concurro" id = "words_concurro" href = +<b><a id = "words_concurro" href = "#words_c">concurrō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_condigne" id = "words_condigne" href = +<b><a id = "words_condigne" href = "#words_c">condignē</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1392">1392</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_condono" id = "words_condono" href = +<b><a id = "words_condono" href = "#words_c">condōnō</a></b>,</p> <p>with double acc., <a href = "#sec1172">1172</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_conficior" id = "words_conficior" href = +<b><a id = "words_conficior" href = "#words_c">cōnficior</a></b>,</p> <p><b>cōnfīō</b>, <a href = "#sec790">790</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_confido" id = "words_confido" href = +<b><a id = "words_confido" href = "#words_c">cōnfīdō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec801">801</a>, <a href = "#sec1488">1488</a>;</p> @@ -69375,55 +69365,55 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1349">1349</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_confiteor" id = "words_confiteor" href = +<b><a id = "words_confiteor" href = "#words_c">cōnfiteor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1010">1010</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_confrico" id = "words_confrico" href = +<b><a id = "words_confrico" href = "#words_c">cōnfricō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_confringo" id = "words_confringo" href = +<b><a id = "words_confringo" href = "#words_c">cōnfringō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_congruo" id = "words_congruo" href = +<b><a id = "words_congruo" href = "#words_c">congruō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> <p><b>congruēre</b> for <b>congruere</b>, <a href = "#sec819">819</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_coniveo" id = "words_coniveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_coniveo" href = "#words_c">cōnīveō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_conloco" id = "words_conloco" href = +<b><a id = "words_conloco" href = "#words_c">conlocō</a></b>,</p> <p>with in and abl., <a href = "#sec1424">1424</a>;</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>;</p> <p>with supine, <a href = "#sec2271">2271</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_conquiro" id = "words_conquiro" href = +<b><a id = "words_conquiro" href = "#words_c">conquīrō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec967">967</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_conrigo" id = "words_conrigo" href = +<b><a id = "words_conrigo" href = "#words_c">conrigō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_conrumptus" id = "words_conrumptus" href = +<b><a id = "words_conrumptus" href = "#words_c">conrumptus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_conscius" id = "words_conscius" href = +<b><a id = "words_conscius" href = "#words_c">cōnscius</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>with gen. and dat. or dat. alone, <a href = "#sec1265">1265</a>;</p> @@ -69431,17 +69421,17 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> "#sec2258">2258</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_consero" id = "words_consero" href = +<b><a id = "words_consero" href = "#words_c">cōnserō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec922">922</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_conspergo" id = "words_conspergo" href = +<b><a id = "words_conspergo" href = "#words_c">cōnspergō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_constituo" id = "words_constituo" href = +<b><a id = "words_constituo" href = "#words_c">cōnstituō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> <p>with in and abl., <a href = "#sec1424">1424</a>;</p> @@ -69450,23 +69440,23 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_consulo" id = "words_consulo" href = +<b><a id = "words_consulo" href = "#words_c">cōnsulō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_consultus" id = "words_consultus" href = +<b><a id = "words_consultus" href = "#words_c">cōnsultus</a></b>,</p> <p>adj., with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>with <b>iūre</b>, <a href = "#sec1268">1268</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_contages" id = "words_contages" href = +<b><a id = "words_contages" href = "#words_c">contāgēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec603">603</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_contendo" id = "words_contendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_contendo" href = "#words_c">contendō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1951">1951</a>;</p> @@ -69474,29 +69464,29 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_conticesco" id = "words_conticesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_conticesco" href = "#words_c">contīcescō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>conticīscō</b>, prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_contineo" id = "words_contineo" href = +<b><a id = "words_contineo" href = "#words_c">contineō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page553" id = "page553"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page553"> 553</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_contingo" id = "words_contingo" href = +<b><a id = "words_contingo" href = "#words_c">contingō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec925">925</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_continuo" id = "words_continuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_continuo" href = "#words_c">continuō</a></b>,</p> <p>correlative of <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2067">2067</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_contra" id = "words_contra" href = +<b><a id = "words_contra" href = "#words_c">contrā</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec707">707</a>;</p> <p>prep. and adv., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>, @@ -69506,47 +69496,47 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p>quantity of final vowel of, <a href = "#sec2467">2467</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_contremisco" id = "words_contremisco" href = +<b><a id = "words_contremisco" href = "#words_c">contremīscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_contundo" id = "words_contundo" href = +<b><a id = "words_contundo" href = "#words_c">contundō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec861">861</a>, <a href = "#sec931">931</a>;</p> <p>perf. partic. of, <a href = "#sec931">931</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_coquo" id = "words_coquo" href = +<b><a id = "words_coquo" href = "#words_c">coquō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_coram" id = "words_coram" href = +<b><a id = "words_coram" href = "#words_c">cōram</a></b>,</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec702">702</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>;</p> <p>with instrumental abl., <a href = "#sec1300">1300</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_corbis" id = "words_corbis" href = +<b><a id = "words_corbis" href = "#words_c">corbis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cornu" id = "words_cornu" href = +<b><a id = "words_cornu" href = "#words_c">cornū</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec586">586</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec589">589</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cortex" id = "words_cortex" href = +<b><a id = "words_cortex" href = "#words_c">cortex</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cos" id = "words_cos" href = +<b><a id = "words_cos" href = "#words_c">cōs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>;</p> @@ -69554,84 +69544,84 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec576">576</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cosol" id = "words_cosol" href = +<b><a id = "words_cosol" href = "#words_c">cōsol</a></b>,</p> <p>form for <b>cōnsul</b>, <a href = "#sec63">63</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cottidianus" id = "words_cottidianus" href = +<b><a id = "words_cottidianus" href = "#words_c">cottīdiānus</a></b>,</p> <p>accompanying <b>hīc</b>, <a href = "#sec2350">2350</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_coturnix" id = "words_coturnix" href = +<b><a id = "words_coturnix" href = "#words_c">cŏ̄turnix</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>ō</b> shortened, <a href = "#sec134">134</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_coxendix" id = "words_coxendix" href = +<b><a id = "words_coxendix" href = "#words_c">coxendīx</a></b> (<b>coxendix</b>),</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec473">473</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_crassus" id = "words_crassus" href = +<b><a id = "words_crassus" href = "#words_c">crassus</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. appended, <a href = "#sec1130">1130</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_crebresco" id = "words_crebresco" href = +<b><a id = "words_crebresco" href = "#words_c">crēbrēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_credo" id = "words_credo" href = +<b><a id = "words_credo" href = "#words_c">crēdō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec757">757</a>;</p> <p>with dat. of person and gen. of thing, <a href = "#sec1292">1292</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_creduam" id = "words_creduam" href = +<b><a id = "words_creduam" href = "#words_c">crēduam</a></b>,</p> <p>&c., <a href = "#sec756">756</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_crepo" id = "words_crepo" href = +<b><a id = "words_crepo" href = "#words_c">crepō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>;</p> <p>form of compounds of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cresco" id = "words_cresco" href = +<b><a id = "words_cresco" href = "#words_c">crēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec965">965</a>;</p> <p><b>crētus</b> with abl., <a href = "#sec1312">1312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_crimen" id = "words_crimen" href = +<b><a id = "words_crimen" href = "#words_c">crīmen</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, with judicial verbs, <a href = "#sec1280">1280</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_crudesco" id = "words_crudesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_crudesco" href = "#words_c">crūdēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_crux" id = "words_crux" href = +<b><a id = "words_crux" href = "#words_c">crux</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec473">473</a>;</p> <p><b>malam crucem</b> and <b>in malam crucem</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cubo" id = "words_cubo" href = +<b><a id = "words_cubo" href = "#words_c">cubō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cucumis" id = "words_cucumis" href = +<b><a id = "words_cucumis" href = "#words_c">cucumis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>, <a href = "#sec499">499</a>, @@ -69641,12 +69631,12 @@ quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cudo" id = "words_cudo" href = +<b><a id = "words_cudo" href = "#words_c">cūdō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec942">942</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cum" id = "words_cum" href = +<b><a id = "words_cum" href = "#words_c">cum</a></b>,</p> <p>conj., <b>quom</b>, <a href = "#sec157">157</a>;</p> <p>in expressions of time after which, <a href = @@ -69712,25 +69702,25 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> "#sec1847">1847</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cunctor" id = "words_cunctor" href = +<b><a id = "words_cunctor" href = "#words_c">cunctor</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cunctus" id = "words_cunctus" href = +<b><a id = "words_cunctus" href = "#words_c">cūnctus</a></b>,</p> <p>used partitively, <a href = "#sec1244">1244</a>;</p> <p>with loc. abl., <a href = "#sec1346">1346</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cupidus" id = "words_cupidus" href = +<b><a id = "words_cupidus" href = "#words_c">cupidus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen. of gerund or gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2258">2258</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cupio" id = "words_cupio" href = +<b><a id = "words_cupio" href = "#words_c">cupiō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>, <a href = "#sec969">969</a>;</p> @@ -69742,13 +69732,13 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with perf. pass. infin., <a href = "#sec2229">2229</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cur" id = "words_cur" href = +<b><a id = "words_cur" href = "#words_c">cūr</a></b>,</p> <p>in questions, <a href = "#sec1526">1526</a>;</p> <p>with verbs of accusing, <a href = "#sec1852">1852</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_curo" id = "words_curo" href = +<b><a id = "words_curo" href = "#words_c">cūrō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat. or acc., <a href = "#sec1184">1184</a>;</p> <p><b>cūrā ut</b>, <b>cūrātō ut</b>, with subjv., <a href = @@ -69764,18 +69754,18 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>in causative use, <a href = "#sec2304">2304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_curro" id = "words_curro" href = +<b><a id = "words_curro" href = "#words_c">currō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of compounds of, <a href = "#sec860">860</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec932">932</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_cyprus" id = "words_cyprus" href = +<b><a id = "words_cyprus" href = "#words_c">Cyprus</a></b>,</p> <p>use of acc. of, <a href = "#sec1158">1158</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_d" id = "words_d" href = "#words">D</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_d" href = "#words">D</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>d</b>,</p> @@ -69804,25 +69794,25 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>monosyllables ending in, with vowel short, <a href = "#sec2432">2432</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page554" id = "page554"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page554"> 554</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_damma" id = "words_damma" href = +<b><a id = "words_damma" href = "#words_d">dāmma</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec433">433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_danunt" id = "words_danunt" href = +<b><a id = "words_danunt" href = "#words_d">danunt</a></b>, <a href = "#sec756">756</a>, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dapis" id = "words_dapis" href = +<b><a id = "words_dapis" href = "#words_d">dapis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_de" id = "words_de" href = +<b><a id = "words_de" href = "#words_d">dē</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>;</p> <p>with abl. proper, <a href = "#sec1297">1297</a>;</p> @@ -69849,12 +69839,12 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> "#sec1246">1246</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dea" id = "words_dea" href = +<b><a id = "words_dea" href = "#words_d">dea</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec442">442</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_debeo" id = "words_debeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_debeo" href = "#words_d">dēbeō</a></b>,</p> <p>usual and open forms of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1193">1193</a>;</p> @@ -69866,7 +69856,7 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with perf. infin., <a href = "#sec2223">2223</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_decerno" id = "words_decerno" href = +<b><a id = "words_decerno" href = "#words_d">dēcernō</a></b>,</p> <p>with subj. coordinated, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> @@ -69876,12 +69866,12 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_decerpo" id = "words_decerpo" href = +<b><a id = "words_decerpo" href = "#words_d">dēcerpō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_decet" id = "words_decet" href = +<b><a id = "words_decet" href = "#words_d">decet</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat. or acc., <a href = "#sec1184">1184</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1392">1392</a>;</p> @@ -69891,138 +69881,138 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with perf. pass, and act. infin., <a href = "#sec2230">2230</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_decimus" id = "words_decimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_decimus" href = "#words_d">decimus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec2412">2412</a>;</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec352">352</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_decorus" id = "words_decorus" href = +<b><a id = "words_decorus" href = "#words_d">decōrus</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1392">1392</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_decumbo" id = "words_decumbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_decumbo" href = "#words_d">dēcumbō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec974">974</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_decumus" id = "words_decumus" href = +<b><a id = "words_decumus" href = "#words_d">decumus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2412">2412</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_defetiscor" id = "words_defetiscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_defetiscor" href = "#words_d">dēfetīscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec984">984</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_defit" id = "words_defit" href = +<b><a id = "words_defit" href = "#words_d">dēfit</a></b>,</p> <p>&c., <a href = "#sec790">790</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_defrico" id = "words_defrico" href = +<b><a id = "words_defrico" href = "#words_d">dēfricō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_degener" id = "words_degener" href = +<b><a id = "words_degener" href = "#words_d">dēgener</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec537">537</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>, <a href = "#sec636">636</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dego" id = "words_dego" href = +<b><a id = "words_dego" href = "#words_d">dēgō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dehibuisti" id = "words_dehibuisti" href = +<b><a id = "words_dehibuisti" href = "#words_d">dehibuistī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_deinde" id = "words_deinde" href = +<b><a id = "words_deinde" href = "#words_d">deinde</a></b>,</p> <p>disyllabic, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> <p><b>prīmum (prīmō) . . . deinde . . . tum</b>, <a href = "#sec1687">1687</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_deleo" id = "words_deleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_deleo" href = "#words_d">dēleō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec900">900</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1001">1001</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_demo" id = "words_demo" href = +<b><a id = "words_demo" href = "#words_d">dēmō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_demum" id = "words_demum" href = +<b><a id = "words_demum" href = "#words_d">dēmum</a></b>,</p> <p><b>tum</b>, correlative of <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2018">2018</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_denarius" id = "words_denarius" href = +<b><a id = "words_denarius" href = "#words_d">dēnārius</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. plur. of, <a href = "#sec462">462</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_denique" id = "words_denique" href = +<b><a id = "words_denique" href = "#words_d">dēnique</a></b>,</p> <p><b>tum</b>, correlative of <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2018">2018</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_denoto" id = "words_denoto" href = +<b><a id = "words_denoto" href = "#words_d">dēnotō</a></b>,</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dens" id = "words_dens" href = +<b><a id = "words_dens" href = "#words_d">dēns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>, <a href = "#sec543">543</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_denso" id = "words_denso" href = +<b><a id = "words_denso" href = "#words_d">dēnsō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>dēnseō</b>, <a href = "#sec820">820</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_depeciscor" id = "words_depeciscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_depeciscor" href = "#words_d">dēpecīscor</a></b>, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_depso" id = "words_depso" href = +<b><a id = "words_depso" href = "#words_d">depsō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_derupier" id = "words_derupier" href = +<b><a id = "words_derupier" href = "#words_d">dērupier</a></b>, <a href = "#sec975">975</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_descendo" id = "words_descendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_descendo" href = "#words_d">dēscendō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_deses" id = "words_deses" href = +<b><a id = "words_deses" href = "#words_d">*dēses</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec624">624</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_desidero" id = "words_desidero" href = +<b><a id = "words_desidero" href = "#words_d">dēsīderō</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2190">2190</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_desino" id = "words_desino" href = +<b><a id = "words_desino" href = "#words_d">dēsinō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec893">893</a>, <a href = "#sec964">964</a>;</p> @@ -70031,29 +70021,29 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with <b>o</b> shortened, <a href = "#sec2443">2443</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_despondeo" id = "words_despondeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_despondeo" href = "#words_d">dēspondeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_desum" id = "words_desum" href = +<b><a id = "words_desum" href = "#words_d">dēsum</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1212">1212</a>;</p> <p><b>nōn dēsunt quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_detendo" id = "words_detendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_detendo" href = "#words_d">dētendō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec924">924</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_deterior" id = "words_deterior" href = +<b><a id = "words_deterior" href = "#words_d">dēterior</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_deterreo" id = "words_deterreo" href = +<b><a id = "words_deterreo" href = "#words_d">dēterreō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>;</p> @@ -70062,73 +70052,73 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_deterrimus" id = "words_deterrimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_deterrimus" href = "#words_d">dēterrimus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_detineo" id = "words_detineo" href = +<b><a id = "words_detineo" href = "#words_d">dētineō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_detondeo" id = "words_detondeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_detondeo" href = "#words_d">dētondeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_detraho" id = "words_detraho" href = +<b><a id = "words_detraho" href = "#words_d">dētrahō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1209">1209</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_deunx" id = "words_deunx" href = +<b><a id = "words_deunx" href = "#words_d">deūnx</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>;</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_deus" id = "words_deus" href = "#words_c">deus +<b><a id = "words_deus" href = "#words_c">deus (dīvos, dīus)</a></b>,</p> <p>declension of, <a href = "#sec450">450</a>, <a href = "#sec462">462</a>, <a href = "#sec2449">2449</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_devortor" id = "words_devortor" href = +<b><a id = "words_devortor" href = "#words_d">dēvortor</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec801">801</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dextans" id = "words_dextans" href = +<b><a id = "words_dextans" href = "#words_d">dēxtāns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>;</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dexter" id = "words_dexter" href = +<b><a id = "words_dexter" href = "#words_d">dexter</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec347">347</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec616">616</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dexterior" id = "words_dexterior" href = +<b><a id = "words_dexterior" href = "#words_d">dexterior</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dextimus" id = "words_dextimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_dextimus" href = "#words_d">dextimus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec351">351</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_diana" id = "words_diana" href = +<b><a id = "words_diana" href = "#words_d">Dī̆āna</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity of <b>i</b> in, <a href = "#sec127_8">127, 8</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dico" id = "words_dico" href = +<b><a id = "words_dico" href = "#words_d">dīcō</a></b>,</p> <p>imper. of, <a href = "#sec113">113</a>, <a href = "#sec846">846</a>;</p> @@ -70145,7 +70135,7 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> "#sec2190">2190</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dies" id = "words_dies" href = +<b><a id = "words_dies" href = "#words_d">diēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. and dat. sing., <a href = "#sec127_3">127, 3</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec597">597</a>;</p> @@ -70154,13 +70144,13 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>repeated in rel. sentence, <a href = "#sec1796">1796</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_differo" id = "words_differo" href = +<b><a id = "words_differo" href = "#words_d">differō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_difficilis" id = "words_difficilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_difficilis" href = "#words_d">difficilis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec345">345</a>, <a href = "#sec359">359</a>;</p> @@ -70171,18 +70161,18 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with supine in <b>-ū</b>, <a href = "#sec2274">2274</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_diffido" id = "words_diffido" href = +<b><a id = "words_diffido" href = "#words_d">diffīdō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec801">801</a>, <a href = "#sec1488">1488</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_diffindo" id = "words_diffindo" href = +<b><a id = "words_diffindo" href = "#words_d">diffindō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec861">861</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dignus" id = "words_dignus" href = +<b><a id = "words_dignus" href = "#words_d">dignus</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1269">1269</a>, <a href = "#sec1392">1392</a>;</p> @@ -70194,30 +70184,30 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1819">1819</a>;</p> <p>with supine in <b>-ū</b>, <a href = "#sec2276">2276</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page555" id = "page555"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page555"> 555</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_diligo" id = "words_diligo" href = +<b><a id = "words_diligo" href = "#words_d">dīligō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dimico" id = "words_dimico" href = +<b><a id = "words_dimico" href = "#words_d">dīmicō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dinosco" id = "words_dinosco" href = +<b><a id = "words_dinosco" href = "#words_d">dīnōscō</a></b> (<b>dīgnōscō</b>), <a href = "#sec965">965</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dirrumptus" id = "words_dirrumptus" href = +<b><a id = "words_dirrumptus" href = "#words_d">dirrumptus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dis" id = "words_dis" href = +<b><a id = "words_dis" href = "#words_d">dīs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>.</p> @@ -70228,7 +70218,7 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1409">1409</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_disco" id = "words_disco" href = +<b><a id = "words_disco" href = "#words_d">discō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec170">170</a>;</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec834">834</a>;</p> @@ -70236,82 +70226,82 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec927">927</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_discolor" id = "words_discolor" href = +<b><a id = "words_discolor" href = "#words_d">discolor</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec537">537</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_discors" id = "words_discors" href = +<b><a id = "words_discors" href = "#words_d">discors</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec532">532</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_discrepo" id = "words_discrepo" href = +<b><a id = "words_discrepo" href = "#words_d">discrepō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>;</p> <p><b>discrepāvit</b>, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_discumbo" id = "words_discumbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_discumbo" href = "#words_d">discumbō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec974">974</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dispando" id = "words_dispando" href = +<b><a id = "words_dispando" href = "#words_d">dispandō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>dispendō</b>, forms of, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dispar" id = "words_dispar" href = +<b><a id = "words_dispar" href = "#words_d">dispār</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec537">537</a>, <a href = "#sec561">561</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dispennite" id = "words_dispennite" href = +<b><a id = "words_dispennite" href = "#words_d">dispennite</a></b>, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_displiceo" id = "words_displiceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_displiceo" href = "#words_d">displiceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dissentio" id = "words_dissentio" href = +<b><a id = "words_dissentio" href = "#words_d">dissentiō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dissicio" id = "words_dissicio" href = +<b><a id = "words_dissicio" href = "#words_d">dissiciō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec104">104</a>, <a href = "#sec940">940</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dissideo" id = "words_dissideo" href = +<b><a id = "words_dissideo" href = "#words_d">dissideō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec997">997</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dissimilis" id = "words_dissimilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_dissimilis" href = "#words_d">dissimilis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec345">345</a>;</p> <p>agreeing with abl. of quality, <a href = "#sec1240">1240</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_distendo" id = "words_distendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_distendo" href = "#words_d">distendō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec924">924</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_disto" id = "words_disto" href = +<b><a id = "words_disto" href = "#words_d">distō</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl. of amount of difference, <a href = "#sec1153">1153</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_diu" id = "words_diu" href = +<b><a id = "words_diu" href = "#words_d">diū</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec364">364</a>.</p> @@ -70321,12 +70311,12 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dius" id = "words_dius" href = +<b><a id = "words_dius" href = "#words_d">dīus</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity of <b>i</b> in, <a href = "#sec127_2">127, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dives" id = "words_dives" href = +<b><a id = "words_dives" href = "#words_d">dīves</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>, <a href = "#sec625">625</a>;</p> @@ -70336,17 +70326,17 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1387">1387</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_divido" id = "words_divido" href = +<b><a id = "words_divido" href = "#words_d">dīvidō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_divus" id = "words_divus" href = +<b><a id = "words_divus" href = "#words_d">dīvus</a></b> (<b>dīvos</b>),</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_deus">deus</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_do" id = "words_do" href = +<b><a id = "words_do" href = "#words_d">dō</a></b>,</p> <p>two verbs, <a href = "#sec754">754</a>;</p> <p>root verb, <a href = "#sec744">744</a>;</p> @@ -70382,7 +70372,7 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> "#sec2495">2495</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_doceo" id = "words_doceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_doceo" href = "#words_d">doceō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec900">900</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> @@ -70394,14 +70384,14 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dodrans" id = "words_dodrans" href = +<b><a id = "words_dodrans" href = "#words_d">dōdrāns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>;</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_doleo" id = "words_doleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_doleo" href = "#words_d">doleō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> @@ -70411,17 +70401,17 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2188">2188</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dolesco" id = "words_dolesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_dolesco" href = "#words_d">dolēscō-</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_domo" id = "words_domo" href = +<b><a id = "words_domo" href = "#words_d">domō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_domus" id = "words_domus" href = +<b><a id = "words_domus" href = "#words_d">domus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec447">447</a>, <a href = "#sec588">588</a>;</p> @@ -70440,7 +70430,7 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p><b>domōs</b>, <a href = "#sec1163">1163</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_donec" id = "words_donec" href = +<b><a id = "words_donec" href = "#words_d">dōnec</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec1991">1991</a>;</p> <p>meaning <i>all the time while</i>, <a href = "#sec2002">2002</a>;</p> @@ -70448,36 +70438,36 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2007">2007-2009</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_doneque" id = "words_doneque" href = +<b><a id = "words_doneque" href = "#words_d">dōneque</a></b>,</p> <p><b>dōneque cum</b>, <a href = "#sec2007">2007</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_donicum" id = "words_donicum" href = +<b><a id = "words_donicum" href = "#words_d">dōnicum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1991">1991</a>, <a href = "#sec2007">2007</a>, <a href = "#sec2009">2009</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_donique" id = "words_donique" href = +<b><a id = "words_donique" href = "#words_d">dōnique</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, use of, <a href = "#sec1991">1991</a>, <a href = "#sec2007">2007</a>, <a href = "#sec2009">2009</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dono" id = "words_dono" href = +<b><a id = "words_dono" href = "#words_d">dōnō</a></b>,</p> <p>with double acc., <a href = "#sec1172">1172</a>;</p> <p>other constructions with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dormisco" id = "words_dormisco" href = +<b><a id = "words_dormisco" href = "#words_d">dormīscō-</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dos" id = "words_dos" href = +<b><a id = "words_dos" href = "#words_d">dōs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>;</p> @@ -70485,7 +70475,7 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec576">576</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dubito" id = "words_dubito" href = +<b><a id = "words_dubito" href = "#words_d">dubitō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>an</b>, <a href = "#sec1782">1782</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986-1987</a>;</p> @@ -70497,7 +70487,7 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1987">1987</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_duco" id = "words_duco" href = +<b><a id = "words_duco" href = "#words_d">dūcō</a></b>,</p> <p>imper. of, <a href = "#sec113">113</a>, <a href = "#sec846">846</a>;</p> @@ -70509,12 +70499,12 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1271">1271</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_duelli" id = "words_duelli" href = +<b><a id = "words_duelli" href = "#words_d">du͡ellī</a></b>,</p> <p>loc., <a href = "#sec1338">1338</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dum" id = "words_dum" href = +<b><a id = "words_dum" href = "#words_d">dum</a></b>,</p> <p>enclitic, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>, @@ -70546,12 +70536,12 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <i>until</i>, is expected, <a href = "#sec2006">2006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_dumi" id = "words_dumi" href = +<b><a id = "words_dumi" href = "#words_d">dūmī</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_duo" id = "words_duo" href = +<b><a id = "words_duo" href = "#words_d">duo</a></b>,</p> <p>dual, <a href = "#sec415">415</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec442">442</a>, @@ -70562,23 +70552,23 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_duplex" id = "words_duplex" href = +<b><a id = "words_duplex" href = "#words_d">duplex</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_duresco" id = "words_duresco" href = +<b><a id = "words_duresco" href = "#words_d">dūrēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_duria" id = "words_duria" href = +<b><a id = "words_duria" href = "#words_d">Dūria</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec406">406</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page556" id = "page556"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page556"> 556</a></span> -<h3><a name = "words_e" id = "words_e" href = "#words">E</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_e" href = "#words">E</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>e</b>,</p> @@ -70611,22 +70601,22 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_ex">ex</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eapse" id = "words_eapse" href = +<b><a id = "words_eapse" href = "#words_e">eapse</a></b>,</p> <p>&c., <a href = "#sec680">680</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ebur" id = "words_ebur" href = +<b><a id = "words_ebur" href = "#words_e">ebur</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ecastor" id = "words_ecastor" href = +<b><a id = "words_ecastor" href = "#words_e">ēcastor</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ecce" id = "words_ecce" href = +<b><a id = "words_ecce" href = "#words_e">ecce</a></b>,</p> <p>combined with <b>iste</b>, <b>ille</b>, <a href = "#sec667">667</a>;</p> @@ -70636,38 +70626,38 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1206">1206</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ecfodio" id = "words_ecfodio" href = +<b><a id = "words_ecfodio" href = "#words_e">ecfodiō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ecquis" id = "words_ecquis" href = +<b><a id = "words_ecquis" href = "#words_e">ecquis</a></b>,</p> <p><b>ecquī</b>, decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> <p>in questions, <a href = "#sec1509">1509</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ecquando" id = "words_ecquando" href = +<b><a id = "words_ecquando" href = "#words_e">ecquandō</a></b>,</p> <p>in questions, <a href = "#sec1509">1509</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ecquo" id = "words_ecquo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ecquo" href = "#words_e">ecquō</a></b>,</p> <p>in questions, <a href = "#sec1509">1509</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_edepol" id = "words_edepol" href = +<b><a id = "words_edepol" href = "#words_e">edepol</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_editus" id = "words_editus" href = +<b><a id = "words_editus" href = "#words_e">ēditus</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1312">1312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_edo" id = "words_edo" href = +<b><a id = "words_edo" href = "#words_e">edō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec769">769</a>, <a href = "#sec770">770</a>;</p> @@ -70681,29 +70671,29 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec922">922</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_efficio" id = "words_efficio" href = +<b><a id = "words_efficio" href = "#words_e">efficiō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec940">940</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1951">1951</a>;</p> <p>with result clause, <a href = "#sec1965">1965</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_effigies" id = "words_effigies" href = +<b><a id = "words_effigies" href = "#words_e">effigiēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec607">607</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_effit" id = "words_effit" href = +<b><a id = "words_effit" href = "#words_e">effit</a></b>,</p> <p>&c., <a href = "#sec790">790</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_effulgeo" id = "words_effulgeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_effulgeo" href = "#words_e">effulgeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_egeo" id = "words_egeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_egeo" href = "#words_e">egeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> <p>compound of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> @@ -70713,7 +70703,7 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ego" id = "words_ego" href = +<b><a id = "words_ego" href = "#words_e">ego</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec644">644-651</a>;</p> <p>length of <b>o</b> in, <a href = "#sec645">645</a>, @@ -70738,28 +70728,28 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p><b>ipse</b> with, <a href = "#sec2376">2376</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_egomet" id = "words_egomet" href = +<b><a id = "words_egomet" href = "#words_e">egomet</a></b>, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ehem" id = "words_ehem" href = +<b><a id = "words_ehem" href = "#words_e">ehem</a></b>,</p> <p>with voc. nom. and voc., <a href = "#sec1123">1123</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eheu" id = "words_eheu" href = +<b><a id = "words_eheu" href = "#words_e">ē̆heu</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity of <b>e</b> in, <a href = "#sec127_8">127, 8</a>;</p> <p>with voc. nom. and voc., <a href = "#sec1123">1123</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eho" id = "words_eho" href = +<b><a id = "words_eho" href = "#words_e">eho</a></b>,</p> <p>with voc. nom. and voc., <a href = "#sec1123">1123</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ei" id = "words_ei" href = +<b><a id = "words_ei" href = "#words_e">ei</a></b>,</p> <p>diphthong, pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec50">50</a>;</p> <p>origin and change of, <a href = "#sec98">98</a>, @@ -70772,39 +70762,39 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <p>interjection, with dat., <a href = "#sec1206">1206</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eia" id = "words_eia" href = +<b><a id = "words_eia" href = "#words_e">ēia</a></b>,</p> <p>with voc. nom. and voc., <a href = "#sec1123">1123</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eicio" id = "words_eicio" href = +<b><a id = "words_eicio" href = "#words_e">ēiciō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec940">940</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_elicio" id = "words_elicio" href = +<b><a id = "words_elicio" href = "#words_e">ēliciō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec975">975</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eluvies" id = "words_eluvies" href = +<b><a id = "words_eluvies" href = "#words_e">ēluviēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec607">607</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_em" id = "words_em" href = +<b><a id = "words_em" href = "#words_e">em</a></b>,</p> <p>combined with <b>ille</b>, <a href = "#sec667">667</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1206">1206</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_emineo" id = "words_emineo" href = +<b><a id = "words_emineo" href = "#words_e">ēmineō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_emo" id = "words_emo" href = +<b><a id = "words_emo" href = "#words_e">emō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec900">900</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>;</p> @@ -70813,35 +70803,35 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_emorior" id = "words_emorior" href = +<b><a id = "words_emorior" href = "#words_e">ēmorior</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_emungo" id = "words_emungo" href = +<b><a id = "words_emungo" href = "#words_e">ēmungō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_en" id = "words_en" href = +<b><a id = "words_en" href = "#words_e">ēn</a></b>,</p> <p>with nom. of exclamation, <a href = "#sec1117">1117</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>;</p> <p><b>ēn umquam</b> in questions, <a href = "#sec1509">1509</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_endo" id = "words_endo" href = +<b><a id = "words_endo" href = "#words_e">endo</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1402">1402</a>, <a href = "#sec1422">1422</a>;</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eneco" id = "words_eneco" href = +<b><a id = "words_eneco" href = "#words_e">ēnecō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_enim" id = "words_enim" href = +<b><a id = "words_enim" href = "#words_e">enim</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing parenthesis, <a href = "#sec1642">1642</a>;</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1688">1688</a>;</p> @@ -70852,18 +70842,18 @@ of coincident action, <a href = "#sec1874">1874</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2155">2155</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_enimvero" id = "words_enimvero" href = +<b><a id = "words_enimvero" href = "#words_e">enimvērō</a></b>,</p> <p>in answers, <a href = "#sec1512">1512</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ensis" id = "words_ensis" href = +<b><a id = "words_ensis" href = "#words_e">ēnsis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec522">522</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eo" id = "words_eo" href = +<b><a id = "words_eo" href = "#words_e">eō</a></b>,</p> <p>verb, conjug. of, <a href = "#sec759">759</a>, <a href = "#sec762">762</a>;</p> @@ -70903,22 +70893,22 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1254">1254</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ephesus" id = "words_ephesus" href = +<b><a id = "words_ephesus" href = "#words_e">Ephesus</a></b>,</p> <p>loc. and abl. of, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_epidamnus" id = "words_epidamnus" href = +<b><a id = "words_epidamnus" href = "#words_e">Epidamnus</a></b>,</p> <p>loc. and abl. of, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_epidaurus" id = "words_epidaurus" href = +<b><a id = "words_epidaurus" href = "#words_e">Epidaurus</a></b>,</p> <p>loc. and abl. of, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_erga" id = "words_erga" href = +<b><a id = "words_erga" href = "#words_e">ergā</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>used after <b>benevolus</b>, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>;</p> @@ -70926,7 +70916,7 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> "#sec1261">1261</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ergo" id = "words_ergo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ergo" href = "#words_e">ergō</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. of definition with, <a href = "#sec1257">1257</a>;</p> <p>resembling prep., <a href = "#sec1406">1406</a>;</p> @@ -70939,29 +70929,29 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> <p>with shortened <b>o</b>, <a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_erigo" id = "words_erigo" href = +<b><a id = "words_erigo" href = "#words_e">ērigō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eripio" id = "words_eripio" href = +<b><a id = "words_eripio" href = "#words_e">ēripiō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec975">975</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_escit" id = "words_escit" href = +<b><a id = "words_escit" href = "#words_e">escit</a></b>,</p> <p><b>escunt</b>, <a href = "#sec748">748</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page557" id = "page557"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page557"> 557</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_esurio" id = "words_esurio" href = +<b><a id = "words_esurio" href = "#words_e">ēsuriō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_et" id = "words_et" href = +<b><a id = "words_et" href = "#words_e">et</a></b>,</p> <p>connecting substs. with sing. or plur. verb, <a href = "#sec1064">1064-1066</a>;</p> @@ -70986,14 +70976,14 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> <p><b>simul et</b>, <a href = "#sec1923">1923-1934</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_etenim" id = "words_etenim" href = +<b><a id = "words_etenim" href = "#words_e">etenim</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1688">1688</a>, <a href = "#sec2154">2154</a>, <a href = "#sec2155">2155</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_etiam" id = "words_etiam" href = +<b><a id = "words_etiam" href = "#words_e">etiam</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec153_4">153, 4</a>;</p> <p>with compar., <a href = "#sec1459">1459</a>;</p> @@ -71003,34 +70993,34 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> <p><b>cum etiam tum</b>, <a href = "#sec1868">1868</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_etiamsi" id = "words_etiamsi" href = +<b><a id = "words_etiamsi" href = "#words_e">etiamsī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2116">2116</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_etsi" id = "words_etsi" href = +<b><a id = "words_etsi" href = "#words_e">etsī</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1374">1374</a>;</p> <p>concessive, <a href = "#sec2116">2116</a>;</p> <p>coordinating, <a href = "#sec2153">2153</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_eu" id = "words_eu" href = +<b><a id = "words_eu" href = "#words_e">eu</a></b>,</p> <p>diphthong, pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec49">49</a>;</p> <p>change of and preservation of, <a href = "#sec101">101</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_euge" id = "words_euge" href = +<b><a id = "words_euge" href = "#words_e">eugē</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_evilesco" id = "words_evilesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_evilesco" href = "#words_e">ēvilēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ex" id = "words_ex" href = +<b><a id = "words_ex" href = "#words_e">ex</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec710">710</a>;</p> @@ -71054,52 +71044,52 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> "#sec2267">2267</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_examussim" id = "words_examussim" href = +<b><a id = "words_examussim" href = "#words_e">examussim</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec549">549</a>, <a href = "#sec698">698</a>, <a href = "#sec699">699</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_excitus" id = "words_excitus" href = +<b><a id = "words_excitus" href = "#words_e">excitus</a></b>,</p> <p><b>excītus</b>, <a href = "#sec919">919</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_excubaverant" id = "words_excubaverant" href = +<b><a id = "words_excubaverant" href = "#words_e">excubāverant</a></b>, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exedo" id = "words_exedo" href = +<b><a id = "words_exedo" href = "#words_e">exedō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec771">771</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exerceo" id = "words_exerceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_exerceo" href = "#words_e">exerceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exheres" id = "words_exheres" href = +<b><a id = "words_exheres" href = "#words_e">exhērēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec475">475</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exicaveris" id = "words_exicaveris" href = +<b><a id = "words_exicaveris" href = "#words_e">exicāveris</a></b>, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exolesco" id = "words_exolesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_exolesco" href = "#words_e">exolēsco</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exos" id = "words_exos" href = +<b><a id = "words_exos" href = "#words_e">exos</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2457">2457</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exosus" id = "words_exosus" href = +<b><a id = "words_exosus" href = "#words_e">exōsus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec814">814</a>;</p> <p>with act. meaning, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>.</p> @@ -71108,102 +71098,102 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> "#sec813">813</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_expergiscor" id = "words_expergiscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_expergiscor" href = "#words_e">expergīscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_experior" id = "words_experior" href = +<b><a id = "words_experior" href = "#words_e">experior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1020">1020</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_explico" id = "words_explico" href = +<b><a id = "words_explico" href = "#words_e">explicō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_explodo" id = "words_explodo" href = +<b><a id = "words_explodo" href = "#words_e">explōdō</a></b> (<b>explaudō</b>), <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_expungo" id = "words_expungo" href = +<b><a id = "words_expungo" href = "#words_e">expungō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exsequias" id = "words_exsequias" href = +<b><a id = "words_exsequias" href = "#words_e">exsequiās</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>eō</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exsilio" id = "words_exsilio" href = +<b><a id = "words_exsilio" href = "#words_e">exsiliō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exsolvo" id = "words_exsolvo" href = +<b><a id = "words_exsolvo" href = "#words_e">exsolvō</a></b>,</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exsorbeo" id = "words_exsorbeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_exsorbeo" href = "#words_e">exsorbeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exspectatione" id = "words_exspectatione" href = +<b><a id = "words_exspectatione" href = "#words_e">exspectātiōne</a></b>,</p> <p>with compar., <a href = "#sec1330">1330</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exsultas" id = "words_exsultas" href = +<b><a id = "words_exsultas" href = "#words_e">exsultās</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. partic., <a href = "#sec902">902</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_extemplo" id = "words_extemplo" href = +<b><a id = "words_extemplo" href = "#words_e">extemplō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>cum extemplō</b>, <a href = "#sec1923">1923-1934</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_extendo" id = "words_extendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_extendo" href = "#words_e">extendō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec924">924</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_extera" id = "words_extera" href = +<b><a id = "words_extera" href = "#words_e">extera</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exteri" id = "words_exteri" href = +<b><a id = "words_exteri" href = "#words_e">exterī</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec347">347</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exterior" id = "words_exterior" href = +<b><a id = "words_exterior" href = "#words_e">exterior</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_extimus" id = "words_extimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_extimus" href = "#words_e">extimus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec351">351</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_extra" id = "words_extra" href = +<b><a id = "words_extra" href = "#words_e">extrā</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec707">707</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p><b>extrā quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1894">1894</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_extremus" id = "words_extremus" href = +<b><a id = "words_extremus" href = "#words_e">extrēmus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec352">352</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>;</p> @@ -71212,13 +71202,13 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> "#sec1965">1965</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_exuo" id = "words_exuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_exuo" href = "#words_e">exuō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_f" id = "words_f" href = "#words">F</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_f" href = "#words">F</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>f</b>,</p> @@ -71228,23 +71218,23 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> <p><b>fl</b>, <b>fr</b>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_facesso" id = "words_facesso" href = +<b><a id = "words_facesso" href = "#words_f">facēssō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec970">970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_facies" id = "words_facies" href = +<b><a id = "words_facies" href = "#words_f">faciēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec606">606</a>, <a href = "#sec607">607</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_facile" id = "words_facile" href = +<b><a id = "words_facile" href = "#words_f">facile</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec361">361</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_facilis" id = "words_facilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_facilis" href = "#words_f">facilis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec345">345</a>, <a href = "#sec359">359</a>;</p> @@ -71255,7 +71245,7 @@ rem</b>, <b>vēnum</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>;</p> "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_facio" id = "words_facio" href = +<b><a id = "words_facio" href = "#words_f">faciō</a></b>,</p> <p>parts supplied by <b>fīō</b>, <a href = "#sec788">788</a>, <a href = "#sec1471">1471</a>;</p> @@ -71287,28 +71277,28 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>in causative use, <a href = "#sec2304">2304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fallo" id = "words_fallo" href = +<b><a id = "words_fallo" href = "#words_f">fallō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec932">932</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_falsus" id = "words_falsus" href = +<b><a id = "words_falsus" href = "#words_f">falsus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fames" id = "words_fames" href = +<b><a id = "words_fames" href = "#words_f">famēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec524">524</a>, <a href = "#sec603">603</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_famul" id = "words_famul" href = +<b><a id = "words_famul" href = "#words_f">famul</a></b>, <a href = "#sec111">111, <i>b</i></a>, <a href = "#sec455">455</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_far" id = "words_far" href = +<b><a id = "words_far" href = "#words_f">fār</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec171">171</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, @@ -71316,17 +71306,17 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec583">583</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_farcio" id = "words_farcio" href = +<b><a id = "words_farcio" href = "#words_f">farciō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1014">1014</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec1014">1014</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fari" id = "words_fari" href = +<b><a id = "words_fari" href = "#words_f">fārī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec805">805</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fas" id = "words_fas" href = +<b><a id = "words_fas" href = "#words_f">fās</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec578">578</a>;</p> @@ -71335,69 +71325,69 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>with supine in <b>-ū</b>, <a href = "#sec2274">2274</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fascis" id = "words_fascis" href = +<b><a id = "words_fascis" href = "#words_f">fascis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fastidiosus" id = "words_fastidiosus" href = +<b><a id = "words_fastidiosus" href = "#words_f">fastīdiōsus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page558" id = "page558"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page558"> 558</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fateor" id = "words_fateor" href = +<b><a id = "words_fateor" href = "#words_f">fateor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1010">1010</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec1010">1010</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fatisco" id = "words_fatisco" href = +<b><a id = "words_fatisco" href = "#words_f">fatīscō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_faveo" id = "words_faveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_faveo" href = "#words_f">faveō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec996">996</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_febris" id = "words_febris" href = +<b><a id = "words_febris" href = "#words_f">febris</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec519">519</a>, <a href = "#sec550">550</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fel" id = "words_fel" href = +<b><a id = "words_fel" href = "#words_f">fel</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec482">482</a>;</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_femur" id = "words_femur" href = +<b><a id = "words_femur" href = "#words_f">femur</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fere" id = "words_fere" href = +<b><a id = "words_fere" href = "#words_f">ferē</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2440">2440</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ferio" id = "words_ferio" href = +<b><a id = "words_ferio" href = "#words_f">feriō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec810">810</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ferme" id = "words_ferme" href = +<b><a id = "words_ferme" href = "#words_f">fermē</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2440">2440</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fero" id = "words_fero" href = +<b><a id = "words_fero" href = "#words_f">ferō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec772">772</a>, <a href = "#sec780">780</a>, @@ -71424,59 +71414,59 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fertilis" id = "words_fertilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_fertilis" href = "#words_f">fertilis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec359">359</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ferveo" id = "words_ferveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ferveo" href = "#words_f">ferveō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>fervō</b>, <a href = "#sec821">821</a>, <a href = "#sec866">866</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec998">998</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fervesco" id = "words_fervesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_fervesco" href = "#words_f">fervēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ficus" id = "words_ficus" href = +<b><a id = "words_ficus" href = "#words_f">fīcus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fidelis" id = "words_fidelis" href = +<b><a id = "words_fidelis" href = "#words_f">fidēlis</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fides" id = "words_fides" href = +<b><a id = "words_fides" href = "#words_f">fidēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. and dat. sing. of, <a href = "#sec160">160</a>;</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec600">600</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec602">602</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fido" id = "words_fido" href = +<b><a id = "words_fido" href = "#words_f">fīdō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec801">801</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1349">1349</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_figo" id = "words_figo" href = +<b><a id = "words_figo" href = "#words_f">fīgō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_filia" id = "words_filia" href = +<b><a id = "words_filia" href = "#words_f">fīlia</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec442">442</a>;</p> <p>with <b>familiās</b>, <a href = "#sec437">437</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_filius" id = "words_filius" href = +<b><a id = "words_filius" href = "#words_f">fīlius</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. sing. of, <a href = "#sec456">456</a>;</p> <p>voc. sing. of, <a href = "#sec459">459</a>;</p> @@ -71485,7 +71475,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>with <b>familiās</b>, <a href = "#sec437">437</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_findo" id = "words_findo" href = +<b><a id = "words_findo" href = "#words_f">findō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec861">861</a>, <a href = "#sec2435">2435</a>;</p> @@ -71493,12 +71483,12 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>with <b>o</b> shortened, <a href = "#sec2443">2443</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fingo" id = "words_fingo" href = +<b><a id = "words_fingo" href = "#words_f">fingō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_finis" id = "words_finis" href = +<b><a id = "words_finis" href = "#words_f">fīnis</a></b>,</p> <p>difference of meaning in sing. and plur., <a href = "#sec418">418</a>;</p> @@ -71511,7 +71501,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p><b>fīne</b> with gen., <a href = "#sec1419">1419</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fio" id = "words_fio" href = +<b><a id = "words_fio" href = "#words_f">fīō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec785">785</a>, <a href = "#sec788">788</a>;</p> @@ -71531,7 +71521,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p><b>fit</b> with <b>quōminus</b>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_flagito" id = "words_flagito" href = +<b><a id = "words_flagito" href = "#words_f">flāgitō</a></b>,</p> <p>with double acc., <a href = "#sec1169">1169</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ab</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1170">1170</a>;</p> @@ -71539,138 +71529,138 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_flaveo" id = "words_flaveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_flaveo" href = "#words_f">flāveō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_flecto" id = "words_flecto" href = +<b><a id = "words_flecto" href = "#words_f">flectō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec835">835</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec960">960</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fleo" id = "words_fleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_fleo" href = "#words_f">fleō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1001">1001</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1139">1139</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fligo" id = "words_fligo" href = +<b><a id = "words_fligo" href = "#words_f">flīgō-</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_flo" id = "words_flo" href = +<b><a id = "words_flo" href = "#words_f">flō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec991">991</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_flocci" id = "words_flocci" href = +<b><a id = "words_flocci" href = "#words_f">floccī</a></b>,</p> <p>as gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1272">1272</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_floreo" id = "words_floreo" href = +<b><a id = "words_floreo" href = "#words_f">flōreō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_floresco" id = "words_floresco" href = +<b><a id = "words_floresco" href = "#words_f">flōrēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fluo" id = "words_fluo" href = +<b><a id = "words_fluo" href = "#words_f">fluō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fodio" id = "words_fodio" href = +<b><a id = "words_fodio" href = "#words_f">fodiō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>;</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec836">836</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec946">946</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_follis" id = "words_follis" href = +<b><a id = "words_follis" href = "#words_f">follis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_foras" id = "words_foras" href = +<b><a id = "words_foras" href = "#words_f">forās</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1162">1162</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_forceps" id = "words_forceps" href = +<b><a id = "words_forceps" href = "#words_f">forceps</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_forfex" id = "words_forfex" href = +<b><a id = "words_forfex" href = "#words_f">forfex</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fornix" id = "words_fornix" href = +<b><a id = "words_fornix" href = "#words_f">fornix</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_forsan" id = "words_forsan" href = +<b><a id = "words_forsan" href = "#words_f">forsan</a></b>,</p> <p>with subjv., <a href = "#sec1554">1554</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_forsitan" id = "words_forsitan" href = +<b><a id = "words_forsitan" href = "#words_f">forsitan</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec712">712</a>;</p> <p>with subjv., <a href = "#sec1554">1554</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fortasse" id = "words_fortasse" href = +<b><a id = "words_fortasse" href = "#words_f">fortasse</a></b>,</p> <p>with subjv., <a href = "#sec1554">1554</a>;</p> <p>introducing concessive period, <a href = "#sec2150">2150</a>;</p> <p>with subj. infin., <a href = "#sec2209">2209</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_foveo" id = "words_foveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_foveo" href = "#words_f">foveō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec996">996</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_frango" id = "words_frango" href = +<b><a id = "words_frango" href = "#words_f">frangō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec863">863</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fremo" id = "words_fremo" href = +<b><a id = "words_fremo" href = "#words_f">fremō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fretus" id = "words_fretus" href = +<b><a id = "words_fretus" href = "#words_f">frētus</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1349">1349</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_frico" id = "words_frico" href = +<b><a id = "words_frico" href = "#words_f">fricō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_frigesco" id = "words_frigesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_frigesco" href = "#words_f">frīgēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec959">959</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_frugi" id = "words_frugi" href = +<b><a id = "words_frugi" href = "#words_f">frūgī</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>;</p> <p>indeclinable, <a href = "#sec431">431</a>;</p> @@ -71678,7 +71668,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>with <b>bonae</b>, <a href = "#sec1220">1220</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fruor" id = "words_fruor" href = +<b><a id = "words_fruor" href = "#words_f">fruor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec978">978</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1379">1379</a>;</p> @@ -71686,14 +71676,14 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>use of gerundive of, <a href = "#sec2244">2244</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_frustra" id = "words_frustra" href = +<b><a id = "words_frustra" href = "#words_f">frūstra</a></b>,</p> <p><b>frūstrā</b>, <a href = "#sec701">701</a>, <a href = "#sec707">707</a>, <a href = "#sec2467">2467</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fugio" id = "words_fugio" href = +<b><a id = "words_fugio" href = "#words_f">fugiō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec836">836</a>;</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> @@ -71703,17 +71693,17 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <a href = "#sec2170">2170</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fulgeo" id = "words_fulgeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_fulgeo" href = "#words_f">fulgeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fundo" id = "words_fundo" href = +<b><a id = "words_fundo" href = "#words_f">fundō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec944">944</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fungor" id = "words_fungor" href = +<b><a id = "words_fungor" href = "#words_f">fungor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec979">979</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1379">1379</a>;</p> @@ -71721,24 +71711,24 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>use of gerundive of, <a href = "#sec2244">2244</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_funis" id = "words_funis" href = +<b><a id = "words_funis" href = "#words_f">fūnis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_furfur" id = "words_furfur" href = +<b><a id = "words_furfur" href = "#words_f">furfur</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec583">583</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_fustis" id = "words_fustis" href = +<b><a id = "words_fustis" href = "#words_f">fūstis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec521">521</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_g" id = "words_g" href = "#words">G</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_g" href = "#words">G</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>g</b>,</p> @@ -71756,12 +71746,12 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <i>c</i></a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gaia" id = "words_gaia" href = +<b><a id = "words_gaia" href = "#words_g">Gāia</a></b>,</p> <p>abbreviated, <a href = "#sec20">20</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gaius" id = "words_gaius" href = +<b><a id = "words_gaius" href = "#words_g">Gāius</a></b>,</p> <p>abbreviated, <a href = "#sec20">20</a>;</p> <p>quantity of <b>a</b> in, <a href = "#sec127_5">127, 5</a>;</p> @@ -71769,12 +71759,12 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <a href = "#sec458">458</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gannio" id = "words_gannio" href = +<b><a id = "words_gannio" href = "#words_g">ganniō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec810">810</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gaudeo" id = "words_gaudeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_gaudeo" href = "#words_g">gaudeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec801">801</a>, <a href = "#sec1488">1488</a>;</p> @@ -71784,44 +71774,44 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2188">2188</a>;</p> <p>with perf. infin., <a href = "#sec2231">2231</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page559" id = "page559"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page559"> 559</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gemo" id = "words_gemo" href = +<b><a id = "words_gemo" href = "#words_g">gemō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1139">1139</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_generatus" id = "words_generatus" href = +<b><a id = "words_generatus" href = "#words_g">generātus</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1312">1312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_genius" id = "words_genius" href = +<b><a id = "words_genius" href = "#words_g">genius</a></b>,</p> <p>voc. sing. of, <a href = "#sec459">459</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_genu" id = "words_genu" href = +<b><a id = "words_genu" href = "#words_g">genū</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec586">586</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec592">592</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gero" id = "words_gero" href = +<b><a id = "words_gero" href = "#words_g">gerō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec154">154</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gigno" id = "words_gigno" href = +<b><a id = "words_gigno" href = "#words_g">gignō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec973">973</a>;</p> <p><b>genitus</b> with abl., <a href = "#sec1312">1312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_glis" id = "words_glis" href = +<b><a id = "words_glis" href = "#words_g">glīs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec538">538</a>, <a href = "#sec544">544</a>;</p> @@ -71829,38 +71819,38 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_glisco" id = "words_glisco" href = +<b><a id = "words_glisco" href = "#words_g">glīscō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_glomus" id = "words_glomus" href = +<b><a id = "words_glomus" href = "#words_g">glŏ̄mus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec62">62</a>, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_glorior" id = "words_glorior" href = +<b><a id = "words_glorior" href = "#words_g">glōrior</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1349">1349</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_glubo" id = "words_glubo" href = +<b><a id = "words_glubo" href = "#words_g">glūbō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gnaeus" id = "words_gnaeus" href = +<b><a id = "words_gnaeus" href = "#words_g">Gnaeus</a></b>,</p> <p>abbreviated, <a href = "#sec20">20</a>;</p> <p>diphthong before vowel in, <a href = "#sec125">125</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gracilis" id = "words_gracilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_gracilis" href = "#words_g">gracilis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec345">345</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gradior" id = "words_gradior" href = +<b><a id = "words_gradior" href = "#words_g">gradior</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec799">799</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>, @@ -71870,7 +71860,7 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec986">986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gratia" id = "words_gratia" href = +<b><a id = "words_gratia" href = "#words_g">grātia</a></b>,</p> <p>sing. and plur. of, meaning, <a href = "#sec418">418</a>;</p> <p><b>grātiā</b>, gen. of definition with, <a href = @@ -71886,30 +71876,30 @@ subjv., <a href = "#sec1579">1579</a>, = "#sec2258">2258</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_gratulor" id = "words_gratulor" href = +<b><a id = "words_gratulor" href = "#words_g">grātulor</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1852">1852</a>;</p> <p>with <b>cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1852">1852</a>, <a href = "#sec1875">1875</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_grave" id = "words_grave" href = "#words_g">grave +<b><a id = "words_grave" href = "#words_g">grave est</a></b>,</p> <p>implying non-occurrent action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_grex" id = "words_grex" href = +<b><a id = "words_grex" href = "#words_g">grex</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec472">472</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_grus" id = "words_grus" href = +<b><a id = "words_grus" href = "#words_g">grūs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec494">494</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_h" id = "words_h" href = "#words">H</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_h" href = "#words">H</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>h</b>,</p> @@ -71920,7 +71910,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2493">2493</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_habeo" id = "words_habeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_habeo" href = "#words_h">habeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> @@ -71934,46 +71924,46 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hadria" id = "words_hadria" href = +<b><a id = "words_hadria" href = "#words_h">Hadria</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec433">433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_haereo" id = "words_haereo" href = +<b><a id = "words_haereo" href = "#words_h">haereō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hau" id = "words_hau" href = +<b><a id = "words_hau" href = "#words_h">hau</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1450">1450</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_haud" id = "words_haud" href = +<b><a id = "words_haud" href = "#words_h">haud</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_haut">haut</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hauddum" id = "words_hauddum" href = +<b><a id = "words_hauddum" href = "#words_h">hauddum</a></b>,</p> <p>following <b>cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1868">1868</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_haurio" id = "words_haurio" href = +<b><a id = "words_haurio" href = "#words_h">hauriō</a></b>,</p> <p>fut. partic. of, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1014">1014</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hauscio" id = "words_hauscio" href = +<b><a id = "words_hauscio" href = "#words_h">hausciō</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec396">396</a>, <a href = "#sec1450">1450</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_haut" id = "words_haut" href = +<b><a id = "words_haut" href = "#words_h">haut</a></b>,</p> <p><b>haud</b>, with adjs., advs., verbs, <a href = "#sec1449">1449</a>;</p> @@ -71982,56 +71972,56 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1782">1782</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_have" id = "words_have" href = +<b><a id = "words_have" href = "#words_h">havē̆</a></b>,</p> <p><b>avē̆</b>, <a href = "#sec805">805</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hebeo" id = "words_hebeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_hebeo" href = "#words_h">hebeō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hebes" id = "words_hebes" href = +<b><a id = "words_hebes" href = "#words_h">hebes</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>, <a href = "#sec635">635</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_heia" id = "words_heia" href = +<b><a id = "words_heia" href = "#words_h">hēia</a></b>,</p> <p>with voc. nom. and voc., <a href = "#sec1123">1123</a>;</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2438">2438</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hem" id = "words_hem" href = +<b><a id = "words_hem" href = "#words_h">hem</a></b>,</p> <p>with voc. nom. and voc., <a href = "#sec1123">1123</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hercle" id = "words_hercle" href = +<b><a id = "words_hercle" href = "#words_h">hercle</a></b>,</p> <p>in answers, <a href = "#sec1513">1513</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_heri" id = "words_heri" href = +<b><a id = "words_heri" href = "#words_h">herī</a></b>,</p> <p><b>here</b>, <a href = "#sec1341">1341</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_heu" id = "words_heu" href = +<b><a id = "words_heu" href = "#words_h">heu</a></b>,</p> <p>with nom. of exclamation, <a href = "#sec1117">1117</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1295">1295</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_heus" id = "words_heus" href = +<b><a id = "words_heus" href = "#words_h">heus</a></b>,</p> <p>with voc. nom. and voc., <a href = "#sec1123">1123</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hic" id = "words_hic" href = +<b><a id = "words_hic" href = "#words_h">hīc</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec658">658-665</a>;</p> <p>nom. plur., <b>hīsce</b>, <a href = "#sec461">461</a>, @@ -72088,25 +72078,25 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <p>quantity of vowel in, <a href = "#sec2466">2466</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hiemps" id = "words_hiemps" href = +<b><a id = "words_hiemps" href = "#words_h">hiemps</a></b> (<b>hiems</b>), form of, <a href = "#sec167">167</a>, <a href = "#sec495">495</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hinc" id = "words_hinc" href = +<b><a id = "words_hinc" href = "#words_h">hinc</a></b>,</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec710">710</a>;</p> <p>as coordinating word, <a href = "#sec1691">1691</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hisco" id = "words_hisco" href = +<b><a id = "words_hisco" href = "#words_h">hīscō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hispalis" id = "words_hispalis" href = +<b><a id = "words_hispalis" href = "#words_h">Hispalis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec518">518</a>, <a href = "#sec549">549</a>, @@ -72114,7 +72104,7 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <p>in abl. with <b>in</b>, <a href = "#sec1335">1335</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_homo" id = "words_homo" href = +<b><a id = "words_homo" href = "#words_h">homō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>hominēs sunt quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>;</p> <p><b>hominem</b> as indef., <a href = "#sec2212">2212</a>;</p> @@ -72124,46 +72114,46 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <p>form, <a href = "#sec144">144</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_honorificus" id = "words_honorificus" href = +<b><a id = "words_honorificus" href = "#words_h">honōrificus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_horreo" id = "words_horreo" href = +<b><a id = "words_horreo" href = "#words_h">horreō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1139">1139</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_horresco" id = "words_horresco" href = +<b><a id = "words_horresco" href = "#words_h">horrēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hosticapas" id = "words_hosticapas" href = +<b><a id = "words_hosticapas" href = "#words_h">hosticapās</a></b>,</p> <p>nom., <a href = "#sec436">436</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_hostis" id = "words_hostis" href = +<b><a id = "words_hostis" href = "#words_h">hostis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec517">517</a>, <a href = "#sec552">552</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_huc" id = "words_huc" href = +<b><a id = "words_huc" href = "#words_h">hūc</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1254">1254</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page560" id = "page560"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page560"> 560</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_humilis" id = "words_humilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_humilis" href = "#words_h">humilis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec345">345</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_humus" id = "words_humus" href = +<b><a id = "words_humus" href = "#words_h">humus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec447">447</a>;</p> <p><b>humī</b>, loc., <a href = "#sec460">460</a>;</p> @@ -72171,7 +72161,7 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <p><b>humō</b>, use of, <a href = "#sec1311">1311</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_i" id = "words_i" href = "#words">I</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_i" href = "#words">I</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>i</b>,</p> @@ -72221,12 +72211,12 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <p>in fut. perf., <a href = "#sec884">884</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iaceo" id = "words_iaceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_iaceo" href = "#words_i">iaceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iacio" id = "words_iacio" href = +<b><a id = "words_iacio" href = "#words_i">iaciō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, in compounds, <a href = "#sec52">52</a>, <a href = "#sec104">104</a>, @@ -72237,12 +72227,12 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec940">940</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iamdiu" id = "words_iamdiu" href = +<b><a id = "words_iamdiu" href = "#words_i">iamdiū</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec92">92</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ibi" id = "words_ibi" href = +<b><a id = "words_ibi" href = "#words_i">ibī̆</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129_2">129, 2</a>; <a href = "#sec2446">2446</a>;</p> @@ -72250,17 +72240,17 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <p><b>ubī̆ . . . ibī̆</b>, <a href = "#sec1831">1831</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ibidem" id = "words_ibidem" href = +<b><a id = "words_ibidem" href = "#words_i">ibī̆dem</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129_2">129, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ici" id = "words_ici" href = +<b><a id = "words_ici" href = "#words_i">īcī</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_idcirco" id = "words_idcirco" href = +<b><a id = "words_idcirco" href = "#words_i">idcircō</a></b>,</p> <p>as coordinating word, <a href = "#sec1691">1691</a>;</p> <p><b>idcircō . . . quod</b> (<b>quia</b>), <a href = @@ -72272,7 +72262,7 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2067">2067</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_idem" id = "words_idem" href = +<b><a id = "words_idem" href = "#words_i">īdem</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec676">676-678</a>;</p> <p>abl. of, with <b>locī</b>, <a href = "#sec1252">1252</a>;</p> @@ -72285,7 +72275,7 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> = "#sec2373">2373</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ideo" id = "words_ideo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ideo" href = "#words_i">ideō</a></b>,</p> <p>as coordinating word, <a href = "#sec1691">1691</a>;</p> <p><b>ideō . . . quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1854">1854</a>;</p> @@ -72297,24 +72287,24 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <p>correlative of <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2067">2067</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_idoneus" id = "words_idoneus" href = +<b><a id = "words_idoneus" href = "#words_i">idōneus</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat. and acc., <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1819">1819</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec1819">1819</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_idus" id = "words_idus" href = +<b><a id = "words_idus" href = "#words_i">īdūs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec588">588</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iecur" id = "words_iecur" href = +<b><a id = "words_iecur" href = "#words_i">iecur</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_igitur" id = "words_igitur" href = +<b><a id = "words_igitur" href = "#words_i">igitur</a></b>,</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1688">1688</a>;</p> <p><b>ergō igitur</b>, <a href = "#sec1689">1689</a>;</p> @@ -72323,31 +72313,31 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2158">2158</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ignis" id = "words_ignis" href = +<b><a id = "words_ignis" href = "#words_i">ignis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec521">521</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ignoro" id = "words_ignoro" href = +<b><a id = "words_ignoro" href = "#words_i">īgnōrō</a></b>,</p> <p>with haud, <a href = "#sec1449">1449</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ignosco" id = "words_ignosco" href = +<b><a id = "words_ignosco" href = "#words_i">īgnōscō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec170_6">170, 6</a>;</p> <p>fut. partic. of, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec965">965</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ilicet" id = "words_ilicet" href = +<b><a id = "words_ilicet" href = "#words_i">īlicet</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec712">712</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1149">1149</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ilico" id = "words_ilico" href = +<b><a id = "words_ilico" href = "#words_i">īlicō</a></b>,</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec698">698</a>, <a href = "#sec703">703</a>;</p> @@ -72355,7 +72345,7 @@ Adj. equivalent to gen., <a href = "#sec1098">1098</a>;</p> <p>with shortened <b>o</b>, <a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ille" id = "words_ille" href = +<b><a id = "words_ille" href = "#words_i">ille</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of., <a href = "#sec656">656-659</a>, <a href = "#sec666">666-668</a>;</p> @@ -72395,7 +72385,7 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p>first syllable of, shortened, <a href = "#sec2469">2469</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_illi" id = "words_illi" href = +<b><a id = "words_illi" href = "#words_i">illī</a></b>,</p> <p><b>illīc</b>, adv., <a href = "#sec708">708</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1340">1340</a>;</p> @@ -72404,7 +72394,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘quanty’">quantity</ins> of second <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec2466">2466</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_illic" id = "words_illic" href = +<b><a id = "words_illic" href = "#words_i">illic</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec669">669</a>, <a href = "#sec670">670</a>;</p> @@ -72413,7 +72403,7 @@ title = "text reads ‘quanty’">quantity</ins> of second <b>i</b>, <a href = <p>first syllable of, shortened, <a href = "#sec2469">2469</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_imber" id = "words_imber" href = +<b><a id = "words_imber" href = "#words_i">imber</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec111">111</a>, b;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec525">525</a>, @@ -72421,45 +72411,45 @@ title = "text reads ‘quanty’">quantity</ins> of second <b>i</b>, <a href = <a href = "#sec556">556</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_imbros" id = "words_imbros" href = +<b><a id = "words_imbros" href = "#words_i">Imbros</a></b>,</p> <p>in abl. with in, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_imbuo" id = "words_imbuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_imbuo" href = "#words_i">imbuō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_immane" id = "words_immane" href = "#words_i">immāne +<b><a id = "words_immane" href = "#words_i">immāne quantum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1790">1790</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_immemor" id = "words_immemor" href = +<b><a id = "words_immemor" href = "#words_i">immemor</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec537">537</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_immineo" id = "words_immineo" href = +<b><a id = "words_immineo" href = "#words_i">immineō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_immo" id = "words_immo" href = +<b><a id = "words_immo" href = "#words_i">immō</a></b>,</p> <p>in answers, <a href = "#sec1514">1514</a>;</p> <p>with shortened <b>o</b>, <a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>;</p> <p>first syllable of, shortened, <a href = "#sec2469">2469</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_impar" id = "words_impar" href = +<b><a id = "words_impar" href = "#words_i">impār</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec537">537</a>, <a href = "#sec561">561</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_impedio" id = "words_impedio" href = +<b><a id = "words_impedio" href = "#words_i">impediō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>;</p> @@ -72468,63 +72458,63 @@ quantum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1790">1790</a>.</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2203">2203</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_impero" id = "words_impero" href = +<b><a id = "words_impero" href = "#words_i">imperō</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec2202">2202</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_impertio" id = "words_impertio" href = +<b><a id = "words_impertio" href = "#words_i">impertiō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_impingo" id = "words_impingo" href = +<b><a id = "words_impingo" href = "#words_i">impingō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>;</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec863">863</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_impius" id = "words_impius" href = +<b><a id = "words_impius" href = "#words_i">impius</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_impleo" id = "words_impleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_impleo" href = "#words_i">impleō</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1386">1386</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_implico" id = "words_implico" href = +<b><a id = "words_implico" href = "#words_i">implicō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_impos" id = "words_impos" href = +<b><a id = "words_impos" href = "#words_i">impos</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity of <b>o</b> in, <a href = "#sec2457">2457</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page561" id = "page561"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page561"> 561</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_imposisse" id = "words_imposisse" href = +<b><a id = "words_imposisse" href = "#words_i">imposīsse</a></b>, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_impubes" id = "words_impubes" href = +<b><a id = "words_impubes" href = "#words_i">impūbēs</a></b> (<b>impūbis</b>), decl. of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>, <a href = "#sec624">624</a>, <a href = "#sec625">625</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_imus" id = "words_imus" href = +<b><a id = "words_imus" href = "#words_i">īmus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>;</p> <p>with partitive meaning, <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_in" id = "words_in" href = +<b><a id = "words_in" href = "#words_i">in</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, with acc., <a href = "#sec1137">1137</a>;</p> @@ -72576,62 +72566,62 @@ quantum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1790">1790</a>.</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_in-" id = "words_in-" href = +<b><a id = "words_in-" href = "#words_i">in-</a></b>,</p> <p>privative, with gerundives, <a href = "#sec2249">2249</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_incertum" id = "words_incertum" href = +<b><a id = "words_incertum" href = "#words_i">incertum an</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1782">1782</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_incesso" id = "words_incesso" href = +<b><a id = "words_incesso" href = "#words_i">incēssō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec970">970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_incido" id = "words_incido" href = +<b><a id = "words_incido" href = "#words_i">incidō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_incipio" id = "words_incipio" href = +<b><a id = "words_incipio" href = "#words_i">incipiō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec940">940</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_incitus" id = "words_incitus" href = +<b><a id = "words_incitus" href = "#words_i">incitus</a></b> (<b>incītus</b>), <a href = "#sec919">919</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inclutus" id = "words_inclutus" href = +<b><a id = "words_inclutus" href = "#words_i">inclutus</a></b> (<b>inclitus</b>), <a href = "#sec919">919</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_increpavit" id = "words_increpavit" href = +<b><a id = "words_increpavit" href = "#words_i">increpāvit</a></b>,</p> <p><b>increpārit</b>, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_incubavere" id = "words_incubavere" href = +<b><a id = "words_incubavere" href = "#words_i">incubāvēre</a></b>,</p> <p><b>incubitus</b>, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_incumbo" id = "words_incumbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_incumbo" href = "#words_i">incumbō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec974">974</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_incutio" id = "words_incutio" href = +<b><a id = "words_incutio" href = "#words_i">incutiō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec961">961</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inde" id = "words_inde" href = +<b><a id = "words_inde" href = "#words_i">inde</a></b>,</p> <p>enclitic, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1253">1253</a>; as coordinating @@ -72639,7 +72629,7 @@ word, <a href = "#sec1691">1691</a>;</p> <p>first syllable of, shortened, <a href = "#sec2469">2469</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_indigeo" id = "words_indigeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_indigeo" href = "#words_i">indigeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>, @@ -72647,14 +72637,14 @@ word, <a href = "#sec1691">1691</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1293">1293</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_indignor" id = "words_indignor" href = +<b><a id = "words_indignor" href = "#words_i">indignor</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <b>quom</b>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2188">2188</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_indignus" id = "words_indignus" href = +<b><a id = "words_indignus" href = "#words_i">indīgnus</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1269">1269</a>, <a href = "#sec1392">1392</a>;</p> @@ -72665,86 +72655,86 @@ word, <a href = "#sec1691">1691</a>;</p> <p>with supine in <b>-ū</b>, <a href = "#sec2276">2276</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_indoles" id = "words_indoles" href = +<b><a id = "words_indoles" href = "#words_i">indolēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec523">523</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_indo" id = "words_indo" href = "#words_i">indō +<b><a id = "words_indo" href = "#words_i">indō nōmen</a></b>,</p> <p>case with, <a href = "#sec1214">1214</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_indu" id = "words_indu" href = +<b><a id = "words_indu" href = "#words_i">indu</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1422">1422</a>, <a href = "#sec2444">2444</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_indulgeo" id = "words_indulgeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_indulgeo" href = "#words_i">indulgeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec999">999</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_induo" id = "words_induo" href = +<b><a id = "words_induo" href = "#words_i">induō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ineptio" id = "words_ineptio" href = +<b><a id = "words_ineptio" href = "#words_i">ineptiō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec810">810</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iners" id = "words_iners" href = +<b><a id = "words_iners" href = "#words_i">iners</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec73">73</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_infera" id = "words_infera" href = +<b><a id = "words_infera" href = "#words_i">īnfera</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inferi" id = "words_inferi" href = +<b><a id = "words_inferi" href = "#words_i">īnferī</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec347">347</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inferior" id = "words_inferior" href = +<b><a id = "words_inferior" href = "#words_i">īnferior</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inferne" id = "words_inferne" href = +<b><a id = "words_inferne" href = "#words_i">īnferne</a></b>,</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2440">2440</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_infimus" id = "words_infimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_infimus" href = "#words_i">īnfimus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>;</p> <p>with partitive meaning, <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_infinitum" id = "words_infinitum" href = +<b><a id = "words_infinitum" href = "#words_i">īnfīnītum est</a></b>,</p> <p>implying non-occurrent action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_infit" id = "words_infit" href = +<b><a id = "words_infit" href = "#words_i">īnfit</a></b>, <a href = "#sec790">790</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_infitias" id = "words_infitias" href = +<b><a id = "words_infitias" href = "#words_i">īnfitiās</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>;</p> <p>with eō, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_infra" id = "words_infra" href = +<b><a id = "words_infra" href = "#words_i">īnfrā</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> <p>not compounded, <a href = "#sec1406">1406</a>;</p> @@ -72753,42 +72743,42 @@ nōmen</a></b>,</p> <p><b>īnfrā quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1894">1894</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_infrico" id = "words_infrico" href = +<b><a id = "words_infrico" href = "#words_i">īnfricō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inger" id = "words_inger" href = +<b><a id = "words_inger" href = "#words_i">inger</a></b>,</p> <p><b>imper</b>. of <b>ingerō</b>, <a href = "#sec846">846</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ingruo" id = "words_ingruo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ingruo" href = "#words_i">ingruō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iniquus" id = "words_iniquus" href = +<b><a id = "words_iniquus" href = "#words_i">inīquus</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inlicio" id = "words_inlicio" href = +<b><a id = "words_inlicio" href = "#words_i">inliciō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec956">956</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inlido" id = "words_inlido" href = +<b><a id = "words_inlido" href = "#words_i">inlīdō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inmitto" id = "words_inmitto" href = +<b><a id = "words_inmitto" href = "#words_i">inmittō</a></b>,</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1198">1198</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inops" id = "words_inops" href = +<b><a id = "words_inops" href = "#words_i">inops</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec535">535</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>, @@ -72796,12 +72786,12 @@ nōmen</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inperco" id = "words_inperco" href = +<b><a id = "words_inperco" href = "#words_i">inpercō</a></b> (<b>im-</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inquam" id = "words_inquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_inquam" href = "#words_i">inquam</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec759">759-761</a>;</p> <p>with direct quotations, <a href = "#sec760">760</a>;</p> @@ -72812,47 +72802,47 @@ nōmen</a></b>,</p> <p>3rd pers. sing. with indef. subj., <a href = "#sec1033">1033</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inquies" id = "words_inquies" href = +<b><a id = "words_inquies" href = "#words_i">inquiēs</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inscius" id = "words_inscius" href = +<b><a id = "words_inscius" href = "#words_i">īnscius</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_insilio" id = "words_insilio" href = +<b><a id = "words_insilio" href = "#words_i">īnsiliō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_insinuo" id = "words_insinuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_insinuo" href = "#words_i">īnsinuō</a></b>,</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1198">1198</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inspergo" id = "words_inspergo" href = +<b><a id = "words_inspergo" href = "#words_i">īnspergō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_instar" id = "words_instar" href = +<b><a id = "words_instar" href = "#words_i">īnstar</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_insuper" id = "words_insuper" href = +<b><a id = "words_insuper" href = "#words_i">īnsuper quam</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1895">1895</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intellego" id = "words_intellego" href = +<b><a id = "words_intellego" href = "#words_i">intellegō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inter" id = "words_inter" href = +<b><a id = "words_inter" href = "#words_i">inter</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec710">710</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> @@ -72873,12 +72863,12 @@ nōmen</a></b>,</p> reciprocal relations, <a href = "#sec2344">2344</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intercedo" id = "words_intercedo" href = +<b><a id = "words_intercedo" href = "#words_i">intercēdō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intercludo" id = "words_intercludo" href = +<b><a id = "words_intercludo" href = "#words_i">interclūdō</a></b>,</p> <p>cases with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, @@ -72887,145 +72877,145 @@ reciprocal relations, <a href = "#sec2344">2344</a>.</p> <p>with nē, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interdico" id = "words_interdico" href = +<b><a id = "words_interdico" href = "#words_i">interdīcō</a></b>,</p> <p>cases with, <a href = "#sec1199">1199</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interduo" id = "words_interduo" href = +<b><a id = "words_interduo" href = "#words_i">interduō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec756">756</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page562" id = "page562"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page562"> 562</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interea" id = "words_interea" href = +<b><a id = "words_interea" href = "#words_i">intereā</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1253">1253</a>;</p> <p><b>cum intereā</b>, <a href = "#sec1868">1868</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interemo" id = "words_interemo" href = +<b><a id = "words_interemo" href = "#words_i">interemō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intereo" id = "words_intereo" href = +<b><a id = "words_intereo" href = "#words_i">intereō</a></b>,</p> <p>followed by <b>ab</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1318">1318</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interest" id = "words_interest" href = +<b><a id = "words_interest" href = "#words_i">interest</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1276">1276-1279</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interfieri" id = "words_interfieri" href = +<b><a id = "words_interfieri" href = "#words_i">interfierī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec790">790</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interim" id = "words_interim" href = +<b><a id = "words_interim" href = "#words_i">interim</a></b>,</p> <p><b>cum interim</b>, <a href = "#sec1868">1868</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interior" id = "words_interior" href = +<b><a id = "words_interior" href = "#words_i">interior</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>;</p> <p>comparisonof, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interlego" id = "words_interlego" href = +<b><a id = "words_interlego" href = "#words_i">interlegō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intermitto" id = "words_intermitto" href = +<b><a id = "words_intermitto" href = "#words_i">intermittō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_internosco" id = "words_internosco" href = +<b><a id = "words_internosco" href = "#words_i">internōscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec965">965</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_interrogo" id = "words_interrogo" href = +<b><a id = "words_interrogo" href = "#words_i">interrogō</a></b>,</p> <p>with double acc., <a href = "#sec1169">1169</a>;</p> <p>with <b>dē</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1170">1170</a>;</p> <p>constructions with pass. of, <a href = "#sec1171">1171</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intervallum" id = "words_intervallum" href = +<b><a id = "words_intervallum" href = "#words_i">intervāllum</a></b>,</p> <p>use of abl. of, <a href = "#sec1399">1399</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intibus" id = "words_intibus" href = +<b><a id = "words_intibus" href = "#words_i">intibus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intimus" id = "words_intimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_intimus" href = "#words_i">intimus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec351">351</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> <p>with partitive meaning, <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intono" id = "words_intono" href = +<b><a id = "words_intono" href = "#words_i">intonō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_intra" id = "words_intra" href = +<b><a id = "words_intra" href = "#words_i">intrā</a></b>,</p> <p>in expressions of time, <a href = "#sec1396">1396</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p><b>intrā . . . quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1929">1929</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inveho" id = "words_inveho" href = +<b><a id = "words_inveho" href = "#words_i">invehō</a></b>,</p> <p>used reflexively, <a href = "#sec1482">1482</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_invenio" id = "words_invenio" href = +<b><a id = "words_invenio" href = "#words_i">inveniō</a></b>,</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_inveterasco" id = "words_inveterasco" href = +<b><a id = "words_inveterasco" href = "#words_i">inveterāscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_invicem" id = "words_invicem" href = +<b><a id = "words_invicem" href = "#words_i">invicem</a></b>,</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec699">699</a>;</p> <p><b>invicem inter sē</b>, <b>invicem sē</b>, <b>invicem</b>, expressing reciprocal relations, <a href = "#sec2345">2345</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_invictus" id = "words_invictus" href = +<b><a id = "words_invictus" href = "#words_i">invictus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_invitus" id = "words_invitus" href = +<b><a id = "words_invitus" href = "#words_i">invītus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>;</p> <p>use of dat. of, <a href = "#sec1218">1218</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_io" id = "words_io" href = +<b><a id = "words_io" href = "#words_i">iō</a></b>,</p> <p>with voc. nom. and voc., <a href = "#sec1123">1123</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ipse" id = "words_ipse" href = +<b><a id = "words_ipse" href = "#words_i">ipse</a></b>,</p> <p>the superlative <b>ipsissumus</b>, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec656">656</a>, @@ -73055,21 +73045,21 @@ expressing reciprocal relations, <a href = "#sec2345">2345</a>.</p> motion</i>, <a href = "#sec2384">2384</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ipsissumus" id = "words_ipsissumus" href = +<b><a id = "words_ipsissumus" href = "#words_i">ipsissumus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ipsus" id = "words_ipsus" href = +<b><a id = "words_ipsus" href = "#words_i">ipsus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec680">680</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_irascor" id = "words_irascor" href = +<b><a id = "words_irascor" href = "#words_i">īrāscor</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <b>quom</b>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_is" id = "words_is" href = +<b><a id = "words_is" href = "#words_i">is</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. sing. of, <a href = "#sec127">127</a>, <a href = "#sec672">672</a>;</p> @@ -73118,7 +73108,7 @@ in concessions, <a href = "#sec2361">2361</a>;</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iste" id = "words_iste" href = +<b><a id = "words_iste" href = "#words_i">iste</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec171">171, 1</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec656">656-659</a>, @@ -73141,14 +73131,14 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>first syllable of, shortened, <a href = "#sec2469">2469</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_isti" id = "words_isti" href = +<b><a id = "words_isti" href = "#words_i">istī</a></b>,</p> <p><b>istīc</b>, adv., <a href = "#sec708">708</a>, <a href = "#sec1340">1340</a>;</p> <p>quantity of second <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec2466">2466</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_istic" id = "words_istic" href = +<b><a id = "words_istic" href = "#words_i">istic</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec669">669</a>, <a href = "#sec670">670</a>;</p> @@ -73156,7 +73146,7 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>quantity of second i, <a href = "#sec2466">2466</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_istice" id = "words_istice" href = +<b><a id = "words_istice" href = "#words_i">istice</a></b> (<b>istic</b>),</p> <p>pron., <a href = "#sec93">93</a>.</p> @@ -73165,14 +73155,14 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec93">93</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_istuc" id = "words_istuc" href = +<b><a id = "words_istuc" href = "#words_i">istuc</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec659">659</a>;</p> <p><b>īdem</b> used with, <a href = "#sec2372">2372</a>;</p> <p>with long <b>u</b>, <a href = "#sec2448">2448</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ita" id = "words_ita" href = +<b><a id = "words_ita" href = "#words_i">ita</a></b>,</p> <p><b>ita enimvērō</b>, <b>ita vērō</b>, in answers, <a href = "#sec1512">1512</a>;</p> @@ -73195,7 +73185,7 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2438">2438</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_itaque" id = "words_itaque" href = +<b><a id = "words_itaque" href = "#words_i">itaque</a></b>,</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1688">1688</a>;</p> <p><b>itaque ergō</b>, <b>ergō itaque</b>, <a href = @@ -73204,29 +73194,29 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2158">2158</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_item" id = "words_item" href = +<b><a id = "words_item" href = "#words_i">item</a></b>,</p> <p>correlative of <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1831">1831</a>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iter" id = "words_iter" href = +<b><a id = "words_iter" href = "#words_i">iter</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec500">500</a>; gender of, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_itidem" id = "words_itidem" href = +<b><a id = "words_itidem" href = "#words_i">itidem</a></b>,</p> <p>correlative of <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iubar" id = "words_iubar" href = +<b><a id = "words_iubar" href = "#words_i">iūbar</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iubeo" id = "words_iubeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_iubeo" href = "#words_i">iubeō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of <b>iussī</b>, <a href = "#sec100">100</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>;</p> @@ -73234,35 +73224,35 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2200">2200</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2198">2198</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec2200">2200</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page563" id = "page563"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page563"> 563</a></span> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2201">2201</a>;</p> <p>in causative use, <a href = "#sec2304">2304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iudicium" id = "words_iudicium" href = +<b><a id = "words_iudicium" href = "#words_i">iūdicium</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, with judicial verbs, <a href = "#sec1280">1280</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iudico" id = "words_iudico" href = +<b><a id = "words_iudico" href = "#words_i">iūdicō</a></b>,</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iuncus" id = "words_iuncus" href = +<b><a id = "words_iuncus" href = "#words_i">iuncus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iungo" id = "words_iungo" href = +<b><a id = "words_iungo" href = "#words_i">iungō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>;</p> <p><b>iūnctus</b> with <b>cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1357">1357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iuppiter" id = "words_iuppiter" href = +<b><a id = "words_iuppiter" href = "#words_i">Iuppiter</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec94">94</a>;</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec389">389</a>;</p> @@ -73270,18 +73260,18 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec500">500</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iuratus" id = "words_iuratus" href = +<b><a id = "words_iuratus" href = "#words_i">iūrātus</a></b>,</p> <p>with active meaning, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iuro" id = "words_iuro" href = +<b><a id = "words_iuro" href = "#words_i">iūrō</a></b>,</p> <p>with fut. infin., <a href = "#sec2235">2235</a>;</p> <p>with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2236">2236</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ius" id = "words_ius" href = +<b><a id = "words_ius" href = "#words_i">iūs</a></b>,</p> <p><i>right</i>, decl. of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>, <a href = "#sec496">496</a>, @@ -73296,7 +73286,7 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p><i>broth</i>, decl. of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iuvenis" id = "words_iuvenis" href = +<b><a id = "words_iuvenis" href = "#words_i">iuvenis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>, <a href = "#sec354">354</a>;</p> @@ -73305,7 +73295,7 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec566">566</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iuvo" id = "words_iuvo" href = +<b><a id = "words_iuvo" href = "#words_i">iuvō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec864">864</a>;</p> <p>form <b>iuerint</b>, <a href = "#sec891">891</a>;</p> @@ -73313,7 +73303,7 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec990">990</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_iuxta" id = "words_iuxta" href = +<b><a id = "words_iuxta" href = "#words_i">iūxtā</a></b>,</p> <p>not compounded, <a href = "#sec1406">1406</a>;</p> <p>prep. and adv., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>, @@ -73321,14 +73311,14 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p><b>iūxtā quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1890">1890</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_j" id = "words_j" href = "#words">J</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_j" href = "#words">J</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>j</b>,</p> <p>the character, <a href = "#sec26">26</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_k" id = "words_k" href = "#words">K</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_k" href = "#words">K</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>k</b>,</p> @@ -73336,20 +73326,20 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>used as abbreviation, <a href = "#sec20">20</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_kalendae" id = "words_kalendae" href = +<b><a id = "words_kalendae" href = "#words_k">kalendae</a></b>,</p> <p>abbreviated, <a href = "#sec20">20</a>;</p> <p>no sing., <a href = "#sec417">417</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_karthagini" id = "words_karthagini" href = +<b><a id = "words_karthagini" href = "#words_k">Karthāginī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec504">504</a>, <a href = "#sec708">708</a>, <a href = "#sec1331">1331</a>;</p> <p><b>-ē</b>, <a href = "#sec1343">1343</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_l" id = "words_l" href = "#words">L</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_l" href = "#words">L</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>l</b>,</p> @@ -73361,48 +73351,48 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>preceded by mute or <b>f</b>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_labor" id = "words_labor" href = +<b><a id = "words_labor" href = "#words_l">lābor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec983">983</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lac" id = "words_lac" href = +<b><a id = "words_lac" href = "#words_l">lac</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec478">478</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lacesso" id = "words_lacesso" href = +<b><a id = "words_lacesso" href = "#words_l">lacēssō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec970">970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lacio" id = "words_lacio" href = +<b><a id = "words_lacio" href = "#words_l">*laciō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec836">836</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lacteo" id = "words_lacteo" href = +<b><a id = "words_lacteo" href = "#words_l">lacteō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lacus" id = "words_lacus" href = +<b><a id = "words_lacus" href = "#words_l">lacus</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec592">592</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_laedo" id = "words_laedo" href = +<b><a id = "words_laedo" href = "#words_l">laedō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_laenas" id = "words_laenas" href = +<b><a id = "words_laenas" href = "#words_l">Laenās</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec88">88</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_laetor" id = "words_laetor" href = +<b><a id = "words_laetor" href = "#words_l">laetor</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1349">1349</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <b>quom</b>, <a href = @@ -73410,52 +73400,52 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2188">2188</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lamentor" id = "words_lamentor" href = +<b><a id = "words_lamentor" href = "#words_l">lāmentor</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1139">1139</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_languesco" id = "words_languesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_languesco" href = "#words_l">languēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lanx" id = "words_lanx" href = +<b><a id = "words_lanx" href = "#words_l">lanx</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lar" id = "words_lar" href = +<b><a id = "words_lar" href = "#words_l">lār</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_largior" id = "words_largior" href = +<b><a id = "words_largior" href = "#words_l">largior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1021">1021</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_largiter" id = "words_largiter" href = +<b><a id = "words_largiter" href = "#words_l">largiter</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_largus" id = "words_largus" href = +<b><a id = "words_largus" href = "#words_l">largus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lateo" id = "words_lateo" href = +<b><a id = "words_lateo" href = "#words_l">lateō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_latesco" id = "words_latesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_latesco" href = "#words_l">latēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_latus" id = "words_latus" href = +<b><a id = "words_latus" href = "#words_l">lātus</a></b>,</p> <p>partic., form of, <a href = "#sec169_4">169, 4</a>.</p> @@ -73464,14 +73454,14 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>adj., with acc. appended, <a href = "#sec1130">1130</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_laudo" id = "words_laudo" href = +<b><a id = "words_laudo" href = "#words_l">laudō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec792">792</a>, <a href = "#sec793">793</a>;</p> <p>use of pass. of, <a href = "#sec1491">1491</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lavo" id = "words_lavo" href = +<b><a id = "words_lavo" href = "#words_l">lavō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec820">820</a>, <a href = "#sec864">864</a>, @@ -73479,41 +73469,41 @@ With rel., <a href = "#sec1797">1797</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec990">990</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lego" id = "words_lego" href = +<b><a id = "words_lego" href = "#words_l">legō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lemnus" id = "words_lemnus" href = +<b><a id = "words_lemnus" href = "#words_l">Lēmnus</a></b>,</p> <p>use of acc. of, <a href = "#sec1158">1158</a>;</p> <p>use of abl. of, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>;</p> <p>use of loc. of, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lenibunt" id = "words_lenibunt" href = +<b><a id = "words_lenibunt" href = "#words_l">lēnībunt</a></b>, <a href = "#sec852">852</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lethe" id = "words_lethe" href = +<b><a id = "words_lethe" href = "#words_l">Lēthē</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec406">406</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_levo" id = "words_levo" href = +<b><a id = "words_levo" href = "#words_l">levō</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1294">1294</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lex" id = "words_lex" href = +<b><a id = "words_lex" href = "#words_l">lēx</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, with judicial verbs, <a href = "#sec1280">1280</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_liber" id = "words_liber" href = "#words_l">liber, +<b><a id = "words_liber" href = "#words_l">liber, librī</a></b>,</p> <p>in titles of books, <a href = "#sec1115">1115</a>;</p> <p>use of abl. of, <a href = "#sec1345">1345</a>.</p> @@ -73525,34 +73515,34 @@ librī</a></b>,</p> <p>with prep., <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_liberalis" id = "words_liberalis" href = +<b><a id = "words_liberalis" href = "#words_l">līberālis</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_libero" id = "words_libero" href = +<b><a id = "words_libero" href = "#words_l">līberō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>;</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_libet" id = "words_libet" href = +<b><a id = "words_libet" href = "#words_l">libet</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_liceo" id = "words_liceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_liceo" href = "#words_l">liceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_liceor" id = "words_liceor" href = +<b><a id = "words_liceor" href = "#words_l">liceor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1009">1009</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_licet" id = "words_licet" href = +<b><a id = "words_licet" href = "#words_l">licet</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>, <a href = "#sec817">817</a>;</p> @@ -73565,19 +73555,19 @@ librī</a></b>,</p> <p>with concessive partic., <a href = "#sec2295">2295</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lien" id = "words_lien" href = +<b><a id = "words_lien" href = "#words_l">liēn</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec583">583</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_liger" id = "words_liger" href = +<b><a id = "words_liger" href = "#words_l">Liger</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec519">519</a>, <a href = "#sec544">544</a>, <a href = "#sec556">556</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lino" id = "words_lino" href = +<b><a id = "words_lino" href = "#words_l">linō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec832">832</a>, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>;</p> @@ -73585,60 +73575,60 @@ librī</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec964">964</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_linquo" id = "words_linquo" href = +<b><a id = "words_linquo" href = "#words_l">linquō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_linter" id = "words_linter" href = +<b><a id = "words_linter" href = "#words_l">linter</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_lunter">lunter</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_liqueo" id = "words_liqueo" href = +<b><a id = "words_liqueo" href = "#words_l">liqueō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_liquesco" id = "words_liquesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_liquesco" href = "#words_l">liquēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lis" id = "words_lis" href = +<b><a id = "words_lis" href = "#words_l">lis</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec169_4">169, 4</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>;</p> <p>stems of, <a href = "#sec569">569</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_littera" id = "words_littera" href = +<b><a id = "words_littera" href = "#words_l">littera</a></b>,</p> <p>sing. and plur. of, meaning, <a href = "#sec418">418</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_litus" id = "words_litus" href = +<b><a id = "words_litus" href = "#words_l">litus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec918">918</a>, <a href = "#sec2436">2436</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_liveo" id = "words_liveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_liveo" href = "#words_l">līveō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_loco" id = "words_loco" href = +<b><a id = "words_loco" href = "#words_l">locō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>in</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1424">1424</a>;</p> <p>with gerundive, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_locuples" id = "words_locuples" href = +<b><a id = "words_locuples" href = "#words_l">locuplēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_locus" id = "words_locus" href = +<b><a id = "words_locus" href = "#words_l">locus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec169_4">169, 4</a>;</p> <p>use of abl. of, <a href = "#sec1344">1344</a>, @@ -73646,21 +73636,21 @@ librī</a></b>,</p> <p>repeated in rel. sentence, <a href = "#sec1796">1796</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_longe" id = "words_longe" href = +<b><a id = "words_longe" href = "#words_l">longē</a></b>, <a href = "#sec705">705</a>;</p> <p><b>longē ab</b>, <a href = "#sec1308">1308</a>;</p> <p>with compar., <a href = "#sec1459">1459</a>;</p> <p>with superl., <a href = "#sec1466">1466</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_longius" id = "words_longius" href = +<b><a id = "words_longius" href = "#words_l">longius</a></b>,</p> <p>without <b>quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1328">1328</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1328">1328</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1328">1328</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_longus" id = "words_longus" href = +<b><a id = "words_longus" href = "#words_l">longus</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. appended, <a href = "#sec1130">1130</a>;</p> @@ -73669,73 +73659,73 @@ librī</a></b>,</p> action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_loquor" id = "words_loquor" href = +<b><a id = "words_loquor" href = "#words_l">loquor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec978">978</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lubet" id = "words_lubet" href = +<b><a id = "words_lubet" href = "#words_l">lubet</a></b> (<b>libet</b>),</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>, <a href = "#sec817">817</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page564" id = "page564"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page564"> 564</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_luceo" id = "words_luceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_luceo" href = "#words_l">lūceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec999">999</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lucescit" id = "words_lucescit" href = +<b><a id = "words_lucescit" href = "#words_l">lūcēscit</a></b>,</p> <p>impersonal, <a href = "#sec1034">1034</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lucesco" id = "words_lucesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_lucesco" href = "#words_l">lūcēscō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>lūcīscō</b>, prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec959">959</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lucet" id = "words_lucet" href = +<b><a id = "words_lucet" href = "#words_l">lūcet</a></b>,</p> <p>impersonal, <a href = "#sec1034">1034</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ludo" id = "words_ludo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ludo" href = "#words_l">lūdō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lues" id = "words_lues" href = +<b><a id = "words_lues" href = "#words_l">luēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lugeo" id = "words_lugeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_lugeo" href = "#words_l">lūgeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec999">999</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1139">1139</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2188">2188</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_lunter" id = "words_lunter" href = +<b><a id = "words_lunter" href = "#words_l">lunter</a></b> (<b>linter</b>),</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec525">525</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_luo" id = "words_luo" href = +<b><a id = "words_luo" href = "#words_l">luō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_luxuries" id = "words_luxuries" href = +<b><a id = "words_luxuries" href = "#words_l">lūxuriēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec605">605</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_m" id = "words_m" href = "#words">M</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_m" href = "#words">M</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>m</b>,</p> @@ -73748,22 +73738,22 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p>final, elided, <a href = "#sec2493">2493-2495</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_madeo" id = "words_madeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_madeo" href = "#words_m">madeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_madesco" id = "words_madesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_madesco" href = "#words_m">madēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maecenas" id = "words_maecenas" href = +<b><a id = "words_maecenas" href = "#words_m">Maecenās</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec88">88</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maereo" id = "words_maereo" href = +<b><a id = "words_maereo" href = "#words_m">maereō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1139">1139</a>;</p> @@ -73771,12 +73761,12 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> "#sec1851">1851</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mage" id = "words_mage" href = +<b><a id = "words_mage" href = "#words_m">mage</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_magis" id = "words_magis" href = +<b><a id = "words_magis" href = "#words_m">magis</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>;</p> <p>as sign of compar., <a href = "#sec360">360</a>;</p> @@ -73787,17 +73777,17 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p><b>nōn magis quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1889">1889</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_magister" id = "words_magister" href = +<b><a id = "words_magister" href = "#words_m">magister</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_magnificus" id = "words_magnificus" href = +<b><a id = "words_magnificus" href = "#words_m">magnificus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_magnus" id = "words_magnus" href = +<b><a id = "words_magnus" href = "#words_m">magnus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>;</p> <p>agreeing with dat. of tendency or result, <a href = @@ -73811,7 +73801,7 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maior" id = "words_maior" href = +<b><a id = "words_maior" href = "#words_m">maior</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec23">23</a>; <a href = "#sec166_9">166, 9</a>;</p> @@ -73821,7 +73811,7 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p>in expressions of age, <a href = "#sec1329">1329</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_male" id = "words_male" href = +<b><a id = "words_male" href = "#words_m">male</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>;</p> <p>verbs combined with, followed by dat., <a href = @@ -73830,27 +73820,27 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2440">2440</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maledicens" id = "words_maledicens" href = +<b><a id = "words_maledicens" href = "#words_m">maledīcēns</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec354">354</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maledicus" id = "words_maledicus" href = +<b><a id = "words_maledicus" href = "#words_m">maledicus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec354">354</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maleficus" id = "words_maleficus" href = +<b><a id = "words_maleficus" href = "#words_m">maleficus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_malevolus" id = "words_malevolus" href = +<b><a id = "words_malevolus" href = "#words_m">malevolus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_malo" id = "words_malo" href = +<b><a id = "words_malo" href = "#words_m">mālō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec170_2">170, 2</a>;</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec396">396</a>;</p> @@ -73869,41 +73859,41 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2190">2190</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_malus" id = "words_malus" href = +<b><a id = "words_malus" href = "#words_m">malus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>;</p> <p><b>malam crucem</b> and <b>malam rem</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_manceps" id = "words_manceps" href = +<b><a id = "words_manceps" href = "#words_m">manceps</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mando" id = "words_mando" href = +<b><a id = "words_mando" href = "#words_m">mandō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>;</p> <p>with subjv. coordinated, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maneo" id = "words_maneo" href = +<b><a id = "words_maneo" href = "#words_m">maneō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_manus" id = "words_manus" href = +<b><a id = "words_manus" href = "#words_m">manus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec588">588</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_marcesco" id = "words_marcesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_marcesco" href = "#words_m">marcēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mare" id = "words_mare" href = +<b><a id = "words_mare" href = "#words_m">mare</a></b>,</p> <p>declension of, <a href = "#sec526">526</a>, <a href = "#sec527">527</a>, @@ -73912,50 +73902,50 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec557">557</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_margo" id = "words_margo" href = +<b><a id = "words_margo" href = "#words_m">margō</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec574">574</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_marmor" id = "words_marmor" href = +<b><a id = "words_marmor" href = "#words_m">marmor</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>, <a href = "#sec575">575</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_marspiter" id = "words_marspiter" href = +<b><a id = "words_marspiter" href = "#words_m">Mārspiter</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec389">389</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mas" id = "words_mas" href = +<b><a id = "words_mas" href = "#words_m">mās</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec538">538</a>, <a href = "#sec544">544</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mature" id = "words_mature" href = +<b><a id = "words_mature" href = "#words_m">mātūrē</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maturesco" id = "words_maturesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_maturesco" href = "#words_m">mātūrēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maturus" id = "words_maturus" href = +<b><a id = "words_maturus" href = "#words_m">mātūrus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec344">344</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maxime" id = "words_maxime" href = +<b><a id = "words_maxime" href = "#words_m">maximē</a></b>,</p> <p>as sign of superl., <a href = "#sec360">360</a>;</p> <p>with superl., <a href = "#sec1466">1466</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_maximus" id = "words_maximus" href = +<b><a id = "words_maximus" href = "#words_m">maximus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>;</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec351">351</a>;</p> @@ -73967,20 +73957,20 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> "#sec353">353</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_medius" id = "words_medius" href = +<b><a id = "words_medius" href = "#words_m">medius</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive meaning, <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>;</p> <p>with loc. abl., <a href = "#sec1346">1346</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mel" id = "words_mel" href = +<b><a id = "words_mel" href = "#words_m">mel</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec482">482</a>;</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_melior" id = "words_melior" href = +<b><a id = "words_melior" href = "#words_m">melior</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec503">503</a>, @@ -73988,7 +73978,7 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec622">622</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_melius" id = "words_melius" href = +<b><a id = "words_melius" href = "#words_m">melius</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec107">107, <i>c</i></a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>;</p> @@ -73998,12 +73988,12 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> "#sec2231">2231</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_melos" id = "words_melos" href = +<b><a id = "words_melos" href = "#words_m">melos</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec508">508</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_memini" id = "words_memini" href = +<b><a id = "words_memini" href = "#words_m">meminī</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec812">812</a>;</p> <p>synopsis of, <a href = "#sec812">812</a>;</p> @@ -74023,7 +74013,7 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p>with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2220">2220</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_memor" id = "words_memor" href = +<b><a id = "words_memor" href = "#words_m">memor</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec537">537</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>, @@ -74031,30 +74021,30 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_memoria" id = "words_memoria" href = +<b><a id = "words_memoria" href = "#words_m">memoriā teneō</a></b>,</p> <p>with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2220">2220</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_memoro" id = "words_memoro" href = +<b><a id = "words_memoro" href = "#words_m">memorō</a></b>,</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>;</p> <p><b>memorātur</b>, impersonally, <a href = "#sec2181">2181</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_menandru" id = "words_menandru" href = +<b><a id = "words_menandru" href = "#words_m">Menandrū</a></b>,</p> <p>gen., <a href = "#sec466">466</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mens" id = "words_mens" href = +<b><a id = "words_mens" href = "#words_m">mēns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>;</p> <p><b>venit in mentem</b>, <a href = "#sec1290">1290</a>;</p> <p>use of <b>mentis</b>, <a href = "#sec1339">1339</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mensis" id = "words_mensis" href = +<b><a id = "words_mensis" href = "#words_m">mēnsis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec492">492</a>, <a href = "#sec500">500</a>, @@ -74062,83 +74052,83 @@ action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mentior" id = "words_mentior" href = +<b><a id = "words_mentior" href = "#words_m">mentior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1021">1021</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_merces" id = "words_merces" href = +<b><a id = "words_merces" href = "#words_m">mercēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec572">572</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page565" id = "page565"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page565"> 565</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mereo" id = "words_mereo" href = +<b><a id = "words_mereo" href = "#words_m">mereō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>mereor</b>, prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> <p>two inflections, <a href = "#sec1488">1488</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_merges" id = "words_merges" href = +<b><a id = "words_merges" href = "#words_m">merges</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec572">572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mergo" id = "words_mergo" href = +<b><a id = "words_mergo" href = "#words_m">mergō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_meridies" id = "words_meridies" href = +<b><a id = "words_meridies" href = "#words_m">merīdiēs</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec597">597</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec597">597</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_meritus" id = "words_meritus" href = +<b><a id = "words_meritus" href = "#words_m">meritus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_merx" id = "words_merx" href = +<b><a id = "words_merx" href = "#words_m">merx</a></b> (<b>mercēs</b>, <b>mers</b>), decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_messalla" id = "words_messalla" href = +<b><a id = "words_messalla" href = "#words_m">Messālla</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec274">274</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_messis" id = "words_messis" href = +<b><a id = "words_messis" href = "#words_m">messis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec520">520</a>, <a href = "#sec551">551</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_metior" id = "words_metior" href = +<b><a id = "words_metior" href = "#words_m">mētior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1022">1022</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_meto" id = "words_meto" href = +<b><a id = "words_meto" href = "#words_m">metō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec835">835</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_metuo" id = "words_metuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_metuo" href = "#words_m">metuō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec367">367</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1957">1957</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_metus" id = "words_metus" href = "#words_m">metus +<b><a id = "words_metus" href = "#words_m">metus est sī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2068">2068</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_meus" id = "words_meus" href = +<b><a id = "words_meus" href = "#words_m">meus</a></b>,</p> <p>voc. <b>mī</b>, <a href = "#sec459">459</a>, <a href = "#sec652">652</a>;</p> @@ -74155,46 +74145,46 @@ est sī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2068">2068</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec1262">1262</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mico" id = "words_mico" href = +<b><a id = "words_mico" href = "#words_m">micō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mihi" id = "words_mihi" href = "#words_m">mihī̆ est +<b><a id = "words_mihi" href = "#words_m">mihī̆ est nōmen</a></b>,</p> <p>case with, <a href = "#sec1213">1213</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_miletus" id = "words_miletus" href = +<b><a id = "words_miletus" href = "#words_m">Mīlētus</a></b>,</p> <p>in loc., <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_militiae" id = "words_militiae" href = +<b><a id = "words_militiae" href = "#words_m">militiae</a></b>,</p> <p>loc., <a href = "#sec438">438</a>, <a href = "#sec1338">1338</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mille" id = "words_mille" href = +<b><a id = "words_mille" href = "#words_m">mille</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec642">642</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mina" id = "words_mina" href = +<b><a id = "words_mina" href = "#words_m">mina</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec172_2">172, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_minime" id = "words_minime" href = +<b><a id = "words_minime" href = "#words_m">minimē</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>;</p> <p>intimating negation, <a href = "#sec1451">1451</a>;</p> <p>in answers, <a href = "#sec1513">1513</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_minimus" id = "words_minimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_minimus" href = "#words_m">minimus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec352">352</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>;</p> @@ -74206,16 +74196,16 @@ nōmen</a></b>,</p> "#sec353">353</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_minister" id = "words_minister" href = +<b><a id = "words_minister" href = "#words_m">minister</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ministro" id = "words_ministro" href = +<b><a id = "words_ministro" href = "#words_m">ministrō bibere</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2164">2164</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_minor" id = "words_minor" href = +<b><a id = "words_minor" href = "#words_m">minor</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>;</p> <p><b>minus</b> with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>;</p> @@ -74229,13 +74219,13 @@ nōmen</a></b>,</p> <p>with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2236">2236</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_minuo" id = "words_minuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_minuo" href = "#words_m">minuō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec948">948</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_minus" id = "words_minus" href = +<b><a id = "words_minus" href = "#words_m">minus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>;</p> <p>without <b>quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1328">1328</a>;</p> @@ -74251,17 +74241,17 @@ nōmen</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2021">2021</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mira" id = "words_mira" href = "#words_m">mīra +<b><a id = "words_mira" href = "#words_m">mīra sunt</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2068">2068</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mirificus" id = "words_mirificus" href = +<b><a id = "words_mirificus" href = "#words_m">mīrificus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_miror" id = "words_miror" href = +<b><a id = "words_miror" href = "#words_m">mīror</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec798">798</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1286">1286</a>;</p> @@ -74271,7 +74261,7 @@ sunt</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2188">2188</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mirum" id = "words_mirum" href = "#words_m">mīrum +<b><a id = "words_mirum" href = "#words_m">mīrum est</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2068">2068</a>.</p> @@ -74285,18 +74275,18 @@ est</a></b>,</p> "#sec1984">1984</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mis" id = "words_mis" href = "#words_m">mīs</a></b>, +<b><a id = "words_mis" href = "#words_m">mīs</a></b>, <a href = "#sec646">646</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_misceo" id = "words_misceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_misceo" href = "#words_m">misceō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_misereo" id = "words_misereo" href = +<b><a id = "words_misereo" href = "#words_m">misereō</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1285">1285</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec815">815</a>, @@ -74306,7 +74296,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>used personally, <a href = "#sec1284">1284</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_misereor" id = "words_misereor" href = +<b><a id = "words_misereor" href = "#words_m">misereor</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec815">815</a>, <a href = "#sec1009">1009</a>;</p> @@ -74316,13 +74306,13 @@ est</a></b>,</p> "#sec1283">1283</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_miserescit" id = "words_miserescit" href = +<b><a id = "words_miserescit" href = "#words_m">miserēscit</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec815">815</a>;</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1283">1283</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mitto" id = "words_mitto" href = +<b><a id = "words_mitto" href = "#words_m">mittō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>;</p> <p><b>mitte</b> with infin. for <b>nōlī</b>, <a href = @@ -74334,17 +74324,17 @@ est</a></b>,</p> "#sec2297">2297</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mobilis" id = "words_mobilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_mobilis" href = "#words_m">mōbilis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec359">359</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_modius" id = "words_modius" href = +<b><a id = "words_modius" href = "#words_m">modius</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. plur. of, <a href = "#sec462">462</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_modo" id = "words_modo" href = +<b><a id = "words_modo" href = "#words_m">modo</a></b>,</p> <p>with iambic shortening in, <a href = "#sec130_3">130, 3</a>; <a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>;</p> @@ -74360,29 +74350,29 @@ with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>, <a href = "#sec2110">2110</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_moles" id = "words_moles" href = +<b><a id = "words_moles" href = "#words_m">mōlēs</a></b> (<b>mōlis</b>), decl. of, <a href = "#sec523">523</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec541">541</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_moleste" id = "words_moleste" href = +<b><a id = "words_moleste" href = "#words_m">molestē ferō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <b>quom</b>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_molior" id = "words_molior" href = +<b><a id = "words_molior" href = "#words_m">mōlior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1021">1021</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_molo" id = "words_molo" href = +<b><a id = "words_molo" href = "#words_m">molō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_moneo" id = "words_moneo" href = +<b><a id = "words_moneo" href = "#words_m">moneō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec794">794</a>, <a href = "#sec795">795</a>;</p> @@ -74396,19 +74386,19 @@ with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>, <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec1954">1954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mons" id = "words_mons" href = +<b><a id = "words_mons" href = "#words_m">mōns</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mordeo" id = "words_mordeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_mordeo" href = "#words_m">mordeō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec858">858</a>, <a href = "#sec859">859</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_morior" id = "words_morior" href = +<b><a id = "words_morior" href = "#words_m">morior</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>, <a href = "#sec799">799</a>;</p> @@ -74421,14 +74411,14 @@ with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>, <p><b>mortuus</b> used actively, <a href = "#sec1364">1364</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mos" id = "words_mos" href = +<b><a id = "words_mos" href = "#words_m">mōs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>;</p> <p><b>mōs est</b> with result clause, <a href = "#sec1965">1965</a>;</p> <p><b>mōs est</b> with infin., <a href = "#sec2211">2211</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_moveo" id = "words_moveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_moveo" href = "#words_m">moveō</a></b>,</p> <p>with shortened forms, <a href = "#sec891">891</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec996">996</a>;</p> @@ -74439,35 +74429,35 @@ with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>, <p><b>moveor</b> with <b>quōminus</b>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page566" id = "page566"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page566"> 566</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mox" id = "words_mox" href = +<b><a id = "words_mox" href = "#words_m">mox</a></b>,</p> <p>with fut. perf., <a href = "#sec1630">1630</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mulceo" id = "words_mulceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_mulceo" href = "#words_m">mulceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_mulgeo" id = "words_mulgeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_mulgeo" href = "#words_m">mulgeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_multiplex" id = "words_multiplex" href = +<b><a id = "words_multiplex" href = "#words_m">multiplex</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_multum" id = "words_multum" href = +<b><a id = "words_multum" href = "#words_m">multum</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_multus" id = "words_multus" href = +<b><a id = "words_multus" href = "#words_m">multus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>;</p> <p><b>multum</b> with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>;</p> @@ -74477,7 +74467,7 @@ with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>, "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_municeps" id = "words_municeps" href = +<b><a id = "words_municeps" href = "#words_m">mūniceps</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec479">479</a>, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>, @@ -74485,23 +74475,23 @@ with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>, <a href = "#sec507">507</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_munificus" id = "words_munificus" href = +<b><a id = "words_munificus" href = "#words_m">mūnificus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_munus" id = "words_munus" href = +<b><a id = "words_munus" href = "#words_m">mūnus</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, with verb, <a href = "#sec1223">1223</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_muto" id = "words_muto" href = +<b><a id = "words_muto" href = "#words_m">mūtō</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1389">1389</a>;</p> <p>with <b>cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1389">1389</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_n" id = "words_n" href = "#words">N</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_n" href = "#words">N</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>n</b>,</p> @@ -74521,7 +74511,7 @@ with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>, "#sec902">902</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nam" id = "words_nam" href = +<b><a id = "words_nam" href = "#words_n">nam</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing parenthesis, <a href = "#sec1642">1642</a>;</p> <p>with <b>et</b>, <a href = "#sec1648">1648</a>;</p> @@ -74533,7 +74523,7 @@ with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>, "#sec2155">2155</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_namque" id = "words_namque" href = +<b><a id = "words_namque" href = "#words_n">namque</a></b>,</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1688">1688</a>, <a href = "#sec2155">2155</a>;</p> @@ -74541,16 +74531,16 @@ with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>, <a href = "#sec2155">2155</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_namquis" id = "words_namquis" href = "#words_n">nam +<b><a id = "words_namquis" href = "#words_n">nam quis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nanciscor" id = "words_nanciscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_nanciscor" href = "#words_n">nancīscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nascor" id = "words_nascor" href = +<b><a id = "words_nascor" href = "#words_n">nāscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1312">1312</a>;</p> @@ -74560,7 +74550,7 @@ quis</a></b>, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>.</p> <p><b>nātus</b> used actively, <a href = "#sec1364">1364</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_natu" id = "words_natu" href = "#words_n">nātū +<b><a id = "words_natu" href = "#words_n">nātū maximus</a></b>,</p> <p>superl. of <b>senex</b>, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>.</p> @@ -74569,24 +74559,24 @@ maximus</a></b>,</p> <p>superl. of <b>iuvenis</b>, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nauci" id = "words_nauci" href = +<b><a id = "words_nauci" href = "#words_n">naucī</a></b>,</p> <p>as gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1272">1272</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_navis" id = "words_navis" href = +<b><a id = "words_navis" href = "#words_n">nāvis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec519">519</a>, <a href = "#sec551">551</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_navus" id = "words_navus" href = +<b><a id = "words_navus" href = "#words_n">nāvus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec169_2">169, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ne" id = "words_ne" href = +<b><a id = "words_ne" href = "#words_n">nē</a></b>,</p> <p>with subjv., <a href = "#sec1447">1447</a>;</p> <p><b>nē . . . quidem</b>, <a href = "#sec1447">1447</a>;</p> @@ -74613,7 +74603,7 @@ maximus</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_ut">ut</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_-ne" id = "words_-ne" href = "#words_n">-ne</a></b> +<b><a id = "words_-ne" href = "#words_n">-ne</a></b> (<b>-n</b>), enclitic and interrogative, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>; <a href = "#sec170_2">170, 2</a>;</p> <p><b>tūtine</b>, <a href = "#sec650">650</a>;</p> @@ -74648,7 +74638,7 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nec" id = "words_nec" href = +<b><a id = "words_nec" href = "#words_n">nec</a></b>,</p> <p><i>and not</i>, <i>but not</i>, <a href = "#sec1445">1445</a>;</p> <p><b>nec . . . nec</b> connecting substs. with sing. or plur. verb, @@ -74664,50 +74654,50 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_neque">neque</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_necdum" id = "words_necdum" href = +<b><a id = "words_necdum" href = "#words_n">necdum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1446">1446</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_necessarius" id = "words_necessarius" href = +<b><a id = "words_necessarius" href = "#words_n">necessārius</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_necesse" id = "words_necesse" href = +<b><a id = "words_necesse" href = "#words_n">necesse est</a></b>,</p> <p>implying non-occurrent action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>;</p> <p>coordinated, <a href = "#sec1709">1709</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec2211">2211</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_neco" id = "words_neco" href = +<b><a id = "words_neco" href = "#words_n">necō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_necopinans" id = "words_necopinans" href = +<b><a id = "words_necopinans" href = "#words_n">nec opīnāns</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1446">1446</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_necto" id = "words_necto" href = +<b><a id = "words_necto" href = "#words_n">nectō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec835">835</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec960">960</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_necubi" id = "words_necubi" href = +<b><a id = "words_necubi" href = "#words_n">nēcubi</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129">129</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec146">146</a>, <a href = "#sec709">709</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nedum" id = "words_nedum" href = +<b><a id = "words_nedum" href = "#words_n">nēdum</a></b>,</p> <p>with subjv., <a href = "#sec1962">1962</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nefas" id = "words_nefas" href = +<b><a id = "words_nefas" href = "#words_n">nefās</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec578">578</a>;</p> @@ -74715,19 +74705,19 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <p><b>nefās est</b> with infin., <a href = "#sec2211">2211</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_neglego" id = "words_neglego" href = +<b><a id = "words_neglego" href = "#words_n">neglegō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nego" id = "words_nego" href = +<b><a id = "words_nego" href = "#words_n">negō</a></b>,</p> <p>translation of, <a href = "#sec1445">1445</a>;</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2178">2178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_negotium" id = "words_negotium" href = +<b><a id = "words_negotium" href = "#words_n">negōtium dō</a></b>,</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>.</p> @@ -74736,7 +74726,7 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec2211">2211</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nemo" id = "words_nemo" href = +<b><a id = "words_nemo" href = "#words_n">nēmō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec118">118</a>, <a href = "#sec150">150</a>;</p> @@ -74756,28 +74746,28 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <b>numquam quisquam</b>, <a href = "#sec2403">2403</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nempe" id = "words_nempe" href = +<b><a id = "words_nempe" href = "#words_n">nempe</a></b>,</p> <p>first syllable of, shortened, <a href = "#sec2469">2469</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_neo" id = "words_neo" href = +<b><a id = "words_neo" href = "#words_n">neō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec837">837</a>;</p> <p>form <b>neunt</b>, <a href = "#sec837">837</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1001">1001</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page567" id = "page567"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page567"> 567</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nequam" id = "words_nequam" href = +<b><a id = "words_nequam" href = "#words_n">nēquam</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>;</p> <p>indeclinable, <a href = "#sec431">431</a>;</p> <p>as adj., <a href = "#sec431">431</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_neque" id = "words_neque" href = +<b><a id = "words_neque" href = "#words_n">neque</a></b>,</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1581">1581</a>;</p> <p>introducing parenthesis, <a href = "#sec1642">1642</a>;</p> @@ -74797,7 +74787,7 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_nec">nec</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nequeo" id = "words_nequeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_nequeo" href = "#words_n">nequeō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec768">768</a>;</p> <p>form of <b>nequit</b>, <a href = "#sec828">828</a>;</p> @@ -74807,7 +74797,7 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <p>translation of, <a href = "#sec1445">1445</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nescio" id = "words_nescio" href = +<b><a id = "words_nescio" href = "#words_n">nesciō</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec396">396</a>;</p> <p>translation of, <a href = "#sec1445">1445</a>;</p> @@ -74826,12 +74816,12 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1789">1789</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_neu" id = "words_neu" href = "#words_n">neu</a></b>, +<b><a id = "words_neu" href = "#words_n">neu</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1674">1674</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_neve">neve</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_neuter" id = "words_neuter" href = +<b><a id = "words_neuter" href = "#words_n">neuter</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec120">120</a>;</p> <p>gen. sing. of, <a href = "#sec127_6">127, 6</a>; @@ -74844,7 +74834,7 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <p>use of sing. and plur., <a href = "#sec2403">2403</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_neve" id = "words_neve" href = +<b><a id = "words_neve" href = "#words_n">nēve</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec1674">1674</a>;</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1581">1581</a>, @@ -74852,22 +74842,22 @@ questions, <a href = "#sec1779">1779</a>;</p> <p>in purpose clauses, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nex" id = "words_nex" href = +<b><a id = "words_nex" href = "#words_n">nex</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ni" id = "words_ni" href = "#words_n">nī</a></b>, +<b><a id = "words_ni" href = "#words_n">nī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2020">2020</a>;</p> <p>with <b>mīrum</b>, <a href = "#sec2068">2068</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nigresco" id = "words_nigresco" href = +<b><a id = "words_nigresco" href = "#words_n">nigrēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>inceptive verb, prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nihil" id = "words_nihil" href = +<b><a id = "words_nihil" href = "#words_n">nihil</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec144">144</a>, <a href = "#sec150">150</a>, @@ -74905,22 +74895,22 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>with <b>ī</b> in second syllable, <a href = "#sec2448">2448</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nimio" id = "words_nimio" href = +<b><a id = "words_nimio" href = "#words_n">nimiō</a></b>,</p> <p>with compar., <a href = "#sec1459">1459</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nimis" id = "words_nimis" href = +<b><a id = "words_nimis" href = "#words_n">nimis</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nimium" id = "words_nimium" href = +<b><a id = "words_nimium" href = "#words_n">nimium</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nisi" id = "words_nisi" href = +<b><a id = "words_nisi" href = "#words_n">nisi</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing subst. with which verb agrees, <a href = "#sec1073">1073</a>;</p> @@ -74941,12 +74931,12 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2445">2445</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_niteo" id = "words_niteo" href = +<b><a id = "words_niteo" href = "#words_n">niteō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nitor" id = "words_nitor" href = +<b><a id = "words_nitor" href = "#words_n">nītor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec983">983</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1349">1349</a>;</p> @@ -74956,34 +74946,34 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <a href = "#sec2169">2169</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nix" id = "words_nix" href = +<b><a id = "words_nix" href = "#words_n">nix</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec494">494</a>, <a href = "#sec500">500</a>;</p> <p>use of plur. of, <a href = "#sec1108">1108</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_no" id = "words_no" href = +<b><a id = "words_no" href = "#words_n">nō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec991">991</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nobilis" id = "words_nobilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_nobilis" href = "#words_n">nōbilis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec359">359</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_noceo" id = "words_noceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_noceo" href = "#words_n">noceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_noctu" id = "words_noctu" href = +<b><a id = "words_noctu" href = "#words_n">noctū</a></b>, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>, <a href = "#sec703">703</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_noenu" id = "words_noenu" href = +<b><a id = "words_noenu" href = "#words_n">noenu</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec99">99</a>, <a href = "#sec699">699</a>, @@ -74992,7 +74982,7 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1444">1444</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_noenum" id = "words_noenum" href = +<b><a id = "words_noenum" href = "#words_n">noenum</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec99">99</a>, <a href = "#sec455">455</a>, @@ -75001,7 +74991,7 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1444">1444</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nolo" id = "words_nolo" href = +<b><a id = "words_nolo" href = "#words_n">nōlō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec775">775</a>, <a href = "#sec396">396</a>;</p> @@ -75026,7 +75016,7 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>with perf. pass. infin., <a href = "#sec2229">2229</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nomen" id = "words_nomen" href = +<b><a id = "words_nomen" href = "#words_n">nōmen</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec481">481</a>;</p> <p><b>mihī̆</b>, <b>est nōmen</b>, case with, <a href = @@ -75040,11 +75030,11 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p><b>nōmine</b> resembling prep., <a href = "#sec1406">1406</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nomus" id = "words_nomus" href = +<b><a id = "words_nomus" href = "#words_n">nōmus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec892">892</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_non" id = "words_non" href = +<b><a id = "words_non" href = "#words_n">nōn</a></b>,</p> <p>formation, <a href = "#sec99">99</a>, <a href = "#sec455">455</a>, @@ -75074,7 +75064,7 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p><b>nē nōn</b>, <a href = "#sec1957">1957</a>;</p> <p>with <b>dum</b> and subjv., <a href = "#sec2003">2003</a>;</p> <p><b>sī nōn</b>, <a href = "#sec2020">2020</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page568" id = "page568"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page568"> 568</a></span> <p><b>nōn aliter</b>, correlative of <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>;</p> @@ -75108,7 +75098,7 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p><b>nōn tantum</b>, <a href = "#sec1680">1680</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nonne" id = "words_nonne" href = +<b><a id = "words_nonne" href = "#words_n">nōnne</a></b>,</p> <p>answer expected with, <a href = "#sec1503">1503</a>, <a href = "#sec1506">1506</a>;</p> @@ -75116,31 +75106,31 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>in indirect questions, <a href = "#sec1775">1775</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nonnihilo" id = "words_nonnihilo" href = +<b><a id = "words_nonnihilo" href = "#words_n">nōnnihilō</a></b>,</p> <p>as abl. of price, <a href = "#sec1391">1391</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nonnulli" id = "words_nonnulli" href = +<b><a id = "words_nonnulli" href = "#words_n">nōn nūllī sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nos" id = "words_nos" href = +<b><a id = "words_nos" href = "#words_n">nōs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec644">644-651</a>;</p> <p>used for <b>ego</b>, <a href = "#sec1074">1074</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_ego">ego</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nosco" id = "words_nosco" href = +<b><a id = "words_nosco" href = "#words_n">nōscō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec169">169</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec965">965</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec965">965</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_noster" id = "words_noster" href = +<b><a id = "words_noster" href = "#words_n">noster</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec652">652</a>;</p> <p>used for <b>meus</b>, <a href = "#sec1074">1074</a>;</p> @@ -75152,57 +75142,57 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <a href = "#sec1262">1262</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nostras" id = "words_nostras" href = +<b><a id = "words_nostras" href = "#words_n">nostrās</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec88">88</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_notesco" id = "words_notesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_notesco" href = "#words_n">nōtēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_novus" id = "words_novus" href = +<b><a id = "words_novus" href = "#words_n">novus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nox" id = "words_nox" href = +<b><a id = "words_nox" href = "#words_n">nox</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>;</p> <p>stems of, <a href = "#sec569">569</a>;</p> <p>adv., <a href = "#sec533">533</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_noxius" id = "words_noxius" href = +<b><a id = "words_noxius" href = "#words_n">noxius</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nubo" id = "words_nubo" href = +<b><a id = "words_nubo" href = "#words_n">nūbō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nudiustertius" id = "words_nudiustertius" href = +<b><a id = "words_nudiustertius" href = "#words_n">nūdiustertius</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec712">712</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nudo" id = "words_nudo" href = +<b><a id = "words_nudo" href = "#words_n">nūdō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nudus" id = "words_nudus" href = +<b><a id = "words_nudus" href = "#words_n">nūdus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>;</p> <p>with prep., <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nullus" id = "words_nullus" href = +<b><a id = "words_nullus" href = "#words_n">nūllus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec119">119</a>;</p> <p>forms of, used for <b>nēmō</b>, <a href = "#sec485">485</a>;</p> @@ -75218,7 +75208,7 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>used for <b>nōn ūllus</b>, <a href = "#sec2403">2403</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_num" id = "words_num" href = +<b><a id = "words_num" href = "#words_n">num</a></b>,</p> <p>an acc., <a href = "#sec1156">1156</a>;</p> <p>answer expected with, <a href = "#sec1503">1503</a>, @@ -75231,17 +75221,17 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = "#sec2388">2388</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_numidia" id = "words_numidia" href = +<b><a id = "words_numidia" href = "#words_n">Numidia</a></b>,</p> <p>in loc., <a href = "#sec1336">1336</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nummus" id = "words_nummus" href = +<b><a id = "words_nummus" href = "#words_n">nummus</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. plur. of, <a href = "#sec462">462</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_numquam" id = "words_numquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_numquam" href = "#words_n">numquam</a></b>,</p> <p>translation of, <a href = "#sec1445">1445</a>;</p> <p>with <b>nōn</b>, <a href = "#sec1452">1452</a>;</p> @@ -75249,12 +75239,12 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>with subjv. of action conceivable, <a href = "#sec1556">1556</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nunc" id = "words_nunc" href = +<b><a id = "words_nunc" href = "#words_n">nunc</a></b>,</p> <p>an acc., <a href = "#sec1156">1156</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nuntio" id = "words_nuntio" href = +<b><a id = "words_nuntio" href = "#words_n">nūntiō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec100">100</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> @@ -75263,25 +75253,25 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p><b>nūntiātur</b>, impersonally, <a href = "#sec2181">2181</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nuo" id = "words_nuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_nuo" href = "#words_n">nuō-</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nuper" id = "words_nuper" href = +<b><a id = "words_nuper" href = "#words_n">nūper</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec364">364</a>;</p> <p>form of, III, a.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_nusquam" id = "words_nusquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_nusquam" href = "#words_n">nusquam</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1253">1253</a>;</p> <p>translation of, <a href = "#sec1445">1445</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_o" id = "words_o" href = "#words">O</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_o" href = "#words">O</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>o</b>,</p> @@ -75316,7 +75306,7 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <a href = "#sec1546">1546</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ob" id = "words_ob" href = +<b><a id = "words_ob" href = "#words_o">ob</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec164_2">164, 2</a>;</p> @@ -75333,40 +75323,40 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = "#sec2253">2253</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obcumbo" id = "words_obcumbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_obcumbo" href = "#words_o">obcumbō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec974">974</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obeo" id = "words_obeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_obeo" href = "#words_o">obeō</a></b>,</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1191">1191</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obice" id = "words_obice" href = +<b><a id = "words_obice" href = "#words_o">ōbice</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec473">473</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obliviscor" id = "words_obliviscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_obliviscor" href = "#words_o">oblīvīscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>;</p> <p>cases with, <a href = "#sec1287">1287</a>, <a href = "#sec1288">1288</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obmutesco" id = "words_obmutesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_obmutesco" href = "#words_o">obmutēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obsideo" id = "words_obsideo" href = +<b><a id = "words_obsideo" href = "#words_o">obsideō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec997">997</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obsisto" id = "words_obsisto" href = +<b><a id = "words_obsisto" href = "#words_o">obsisto</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>;</p> @@ -75374,12 +75364,12 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obsolesco" id = "words_obsolesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_obsolesco" href = "#words_o">obsolēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obsto" id = "words_obsto" href = +<b><a id = "words_obsto" href = "#words_o">obstō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>;</p> @@ -75387,61 +75377,61 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obsurdesco" id = "words_obsurdesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_obsurdesco" href = "#words_o">obsurdēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obtundo" id = "words_obtundo" href = +<b><a id = "words_obtundo" href = "#words_o">obtundō</a></b> (<b>op-</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec931">931</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_obviam" id = "words_obviam" href = +<b><a id = "words_obviam" href = "#words_o">obviam</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs combined with, followed by dat., <a href = "#sec1187">1187</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_occalesco" id = "words_occalesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_occalesco" href = "#words_o">occalēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_occido" id = "words_occido" href = +<b><a id = "words_occido" href = "#words_o">occidō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_occino" id = "words_occino" href = +<b><a id = "words_occino" href = "#words_o">occinō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_occulo" id = "words_occulo" href = +<b><a id = "words_occulo" href = "#words_o">occulō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page569" id = "page569"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page569"> 569</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ocior" id = "words_ocior" href = +<b><a id = "words_ocior" href = "#words_o">ōcior</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ocius" id = "words_ocius" href = +<b><a id = "words_ocius" href = "#words_o">ōcius</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_octo" id = "words_octo" href = +<b><a id = "words_octo" href = "#words_o">octō</a></b>,</p> <p>with shortened final <b>o</b>, <a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_odi" id = "words_odi" href = +<b><a id = "words_odi" href = "#words_o">ōdī</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec812">812</a>;</p> <p>synopsis of, <a href = "#sec812">812</a>;</p> @@ -75452,59 +75442,59 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec1607">1607</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_oe" id = "words_oe" href = +<b><a id = "words_oe" href = "#words_o">oe</a></b>,</p> <p>diphthong, pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec47">47</a>, <a href = "#sec49">49</a>;</p> <p>changes of, <a href = "#sec99">99</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_officio" id = "words_officio" href = +<b><a id = "words_officio" href = "#words_o">officiō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quōminus</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ohe" id = "words_ohe" href = +<b><a id = "words_ohe" href = "#words_o">ŏ̄hē</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity of <b>o</b> in, <a href = "#sec127_8">127, 8</a>;</p> <p>quantity of <b>ē</b> in, <a href = "#sec2440">2440</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_oi" id = "words_oi" href = +<b><a id = "words_oi" href = "#words_o">oi</a></b>,</p> <p>diphthong, pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec49">49</a>, <a href = "#sec50">50</a>;</p> <p>changes of, <a href = "#sec99">99</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_oleaster" id = "words_oleaster" href = +<b><a id = "words_oleaster" href = "#words_o">oleaster</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_oleo" id = "words_oleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_oleo" href = "#words_o">oleō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_olus" id = "words_olus" href = +<b><a id = "words_olus" href = "#words_o">olus</a></b>,</p> <p><b>ollus</b>, <b>olle</b>, <a href = "#sec667">667</a>, <a href = "#sec668">668</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_omitte" id = "words_omitte" href = +<b><a id = "words_omitte" href = "#words_o">omitte</a></b>,</p> <p>with infin., for <b>nōlī</b>, <a href = "#sec1584">1584</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_omnino" id = "words_omnino" href = +<b><a id = "words_omnino" href = "#words_o">omnīnō</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec2150">2150</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_omnis" id = "words_omnis" href = +<b><a id = "words_omnis" href = "#words_o">omnis</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. in appos. with possess. pron., <a href = "#sec1235">1235</a>;</p> @@ -75514,34 +75504,34 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>first syllable of, shortened, <a href = "#sec2469">2469</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_onustus" id = "words_onustus" href = +<b><a id = "words_onustus" href = "#words_o">onustus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1387">1387</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1387">1387</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_opera" id = "words_opera" href = +<b><a id = "words_opera" href = "#words_o">opera</a></b>,</p> <p>use of abl. of, <a href = "#sec1378">1378</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_operio" id = "words_operio" href = +<b><a id = "words_operio" href = "#words_o">operiō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_opinione" id = "words_opinione" href = +<b><a id = "words_opinione" href = "#words_o">opīniōne</a></b>,</p> <p>with compar., <a href = "#sec1330">1330</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_opis" id = "words_opis" href = +<b><a id = "words_opis" href = "#words_o">opis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_oportet" id = "words_oportet" href = +<b><a id = "words_oportet" href = "#words_o">oportet</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <p>implying non-occurrent action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>;</p> @@ -75552,12 +75542,12 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p>with perf. pass. and act. infin., <a href = "#sec2230">2230</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_opperior" id = "words_opperior" href = +<b><a id = "words_opperior" href = "#words_o">opperior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1020">1020</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_oppidum" id = "words_oppidum" href = +<b><a id = "words_oppidum" href = "#words_o">oppidum</a></b>,</p> <p>pred. in agreement with, <a href = "#sec1072">1072</a>;</p> <p>acc. of, with <b>in</b> or <b>ad</b>, <a href = @@ -75567,43 +75557,43 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p><b>oppidū̆m</b>, <a href = "#sec463">463</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_oppingo" id = "words_oppingo" href = +<b><a id = "words_oppingo" href = "#words_o">oppingō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>;</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec863">863</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_oppugno" id = "words_oppugno" href = +<b><a id = "words_oppugno" href = "#words_o">oppūgnō</a></b>,</p> <p>construction with, <a href = "#sec1191">1191</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ops" id = "words_ops" href = +<b><a id = "words_ops" href = "#words_o">Ops</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_opstipesco" id = "words_opstipesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_opstipesco" href = "#words_o">opstipēscō</a></b> (<b>ob-</b>), prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_optabile" id = "words_optabile" href = +<b><a id = "words_optabile" href = "#words_o">optābile est</a></b>,</p> <p>implying non-occurrent action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_optabilius" id = "words_optabilius" href = +<b><a id = "words_optabilius" href = "#words_o">optābilius est</a></b>,</p> <p>implying non-occurrent action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_optime" id = "words_optime" href = +<b><a id = "words_optime" href = "#words_o">optimē</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_optimus" id = "words_optimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_optimus" href = "#words_o">optimus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, <a href = "#sec103">103</a>;</p> @@ -75614,14 +75604,14 @@ title = "printed as shown, in one word"><b>cum nihilōminus</b></ins>, <a href = <p><b>optumum est</b> coordinated, <a href = "#sec1709">1709</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_opto" id = "words_opto" href = +<b><a id = "words_opto" href = "#words_o">optō</a></b>,</p> <p>coordination of forms of, <a href = "#sec1707">1707</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2190">2190</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_opus" id = "words_opus" href = "#words_o">opus +<b><a id = "words_opus" href = "#words_o">opus est</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1379">1379</a>;</p> <p>with partic., <a href = "#sec1382">1382</a>;</p> @@ -75632,29 +75622,29 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>with subst. and partic., <a href = "#sec2286">2286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_orbis" id = "words_orbis" href = +<b><a id = "words_orbis" href = "#words_o">orbis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>;</p> <p>loc. <b>orbī</b>, <a href = "#sec1337">1337</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_orbo" id = "words_orbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_orbo" href = "#words_o">orbō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ordior" id = "words_ordior" href = +<b><a id = "words_ordior" href = "#words_o">ōrdior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1022">1022</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ordo" id = "words_ordo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ordo" href = "#words_o">ōrdō</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec574">574</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_orior" id = "words_orior" href = +<b><a id = "words_orior" href = "#words_o">orior</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>, <a href = "#sec799">799</a>;</p> @@ -75665,14 +75655,14 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p><b>ortus</b> used actively, <a href = "#sec1364">1364</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_oro" id = "words_oro" href = +<b><a id = "words_oro" href = "#words_o">ōrō</a></b>,</p> <p>coordinated, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2194">2194</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_os" id = "words_os" href = +<b><a id = "words_os" href = "#words_o">os</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec492">492</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec576">576</a>;</p> @@ -75686,19 +75676,19 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec576">576</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ostendo" id = "words_ostendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ostendo" href = "#words_o">ostendō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec924">924</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ou" id = "words_ou" href = +<b><a id = "words_ou" href = "#words_o">ou</a></b>,</p> <p>diphthong, pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec47">47</a>, <a href = "#sec50">50</a>;</p> <p>changes of, <a href = "#sec100">100</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_p" id = "words_p" href = "#words">P</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_p" href = "#words">P</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>p</b>,</p> @@ -75709,18 +75699,18 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec166_2">166, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_paciscor" id = "words_paciscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_paciscor" href = "#words_p">pacīscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>;</p> <p><b>pactus</b> used passively, <a href = "#sec1364">1364</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_paene" id = "words_paene" href = "#words_p">paene +<b><a id = "words_paene" href = "#words_p">paene ut</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_paenitet" id = "words_paenitet" href = +<b><a id = "words_paenitet" href = "#words_p">paenitet</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec815">815</a>, <a href = "#sec817">817</a>;</p> @@ -75731,46 +75721,46 @@ ut</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> <p>with perf. infin., <a href = "#sec2231">2231</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_palam" id = "words_palam" href = +<b><a id = "words_palam" href = "#words_p">palam</a></b>,</p> <p>as adv. and prep., <a href = "#sec1421">1421</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_palleo" id = "words_palleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_palleo" href = "#words_p">palleō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pallesco" id = "words_pallesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_pallesco" href = "#words_p">pallēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_palus" id = "words_palus" href = +<b><a id = "words_palus" href = "#words_p">palūs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec475">475</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec584">584</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pando" id = "words_pando" href = +<b><a id = "words_pando" href = "#words_p">pandō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pango" id = "words_pango" href = +<b><a id = "words_pango" href = "#words_p">pangō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec858">858</a>, <a href = "#sec863">863</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec925">925</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_papaver" id = "words_papaver" href = +<b><a id = "words_papaver" href = "#words_p">papāver</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_par" id = "words_par" href = +<b><a id = "words_par" href = "#words_p">pār</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec537">537</a>, <a href = "#sec544">544</a>, @@ -75783,7 +75773,7 @@ ut</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> <p>with long vowel, <a href = "#sec2448">2448</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_parco" id = "words_parco" href = +<b><a id = "words_parco" href = "#words_p">parcō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>;</p> @@ -75793,28 +75783,28 @@ ut</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec2170">2170</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_parcus" id = "words_parcus" href = +<b><a id = "words_parcus" href = "#words_p">parcus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pareo" id = "words_pareo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pareo" href = "#words_p">pāreō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_paricidas" id = "words_paricidas" href = +<b><a id = "words_paricidas" href = "#words_p">paricīdas</a></b>,</p> <p>nom., <a href = "#sec436">436</a>;</p> <p>see <a href = "#sec133">133</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_paries" id = "words_paries" href = +<b><a id = "words_paries" href = "#words_p">pariēs</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity of <b>e</b> in, <a href = "#sec2456">2456</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pario" id = "words_pario" href = +<b><a id = "words_pario" href = "#words_p">pariō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>;</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec836">836</a>;</p> @@ -75822,15 +75812,15 @@ ut</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec928">928</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pariter" id = "words_pariter" href = +<b><a id = "words_pariter" href = "#words_p">pariter</a></b>,</p> <p>followed by <b>et</b>, <a href = "#sec1653">1653</a>;</p> <p>correlative of <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page570" id = "page570"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page570"> 570</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pars" id = "words_pars" href = +<b><a id = "words_pars" href = "#words_p">pars</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec530">530</a>, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>;</p> @@ -75838,44 +75828,44 @@ ut</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> <p><b>pars . . . pars</b>, <a href = "#sec1687">1687</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_particeps" id = "words_particeps" href = +<b><a id = "words_particeps" href = "#words_p">particeps</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec480">480</a>, <a href = "#sec624">624</a>, <a href = "#sec625">625</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_partim" id = "words_partim" href = +<b><a id = "words_partim" href = "#words_p">partim</a></b>,</p> <p>acc. as adv., <a href = "#sec549">549</a>, <a href = "#sec699">699</a>;</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_partior" id = "words_partior" href = +<b><a id = "words_partior" href = "#words_p">partior</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec798">798</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1021">1021</a>;</p> <p><b>partītus</b> used passively, <a href = "#sec1364">1364</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_partus" id = "words_partus" href = +<b><a id = "words_partus" href = "#words_p">partus</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec592">592</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_parum" id = "words_parum" href = +<b><a id = "words_parum" href = "#words_p">parum</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>;</p> <p>intimating negation, <a href = "#sec1451">1451</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_parve" id = "words_parve" href = +<b><a id = "words_parve" href = "#words_p">parvē</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_parvus" id = "words_parvus" href = +<b><a id = "words_parvus" href = "#words_p">parvus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>;</p> <p><b>parvī</b> as gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1271">1271</a>, @@ -75883,23 +75873,23 @@ ut</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> <p><b>parvō</b> as abl. of value, <a href = "#sec1391">1391</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pasco" id = "words_pasco" href = +<b><a id = "words_pasco" href = "#words_p">pāscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec965">965</a>;</p> <p>used reflexively, <a href = "#sec1482">1482</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_passus" id = "words_passus" href = +<b><a id = "words_passus" href = "#words_p">passus</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. plur. <b>passūm</b>, <a href = "#sec591">591</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pateo" id = "words_pateo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pateo" href = "#words_p">pateō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_patior" id = "words_patior" href = +<b><a id = "words_patior" href = "#words_p">patior</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec836">836</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec986">986</a>;</p> @@ -75909,18 +75899,18 @@ ut</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> "#sec1950">1950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pauci" id = "words_pauci" href = "#words_p">paucī +<b><a id = "words_pauci" href = "#words_p">paucī sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_paulum" id = "words_paulum" href = +<b><a id = "words_paulum" href = "#words_p">paulum</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>;</p> <p><b>paulum abest</b>, with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pauper" id = "words_pauper" href = +<b><a id = "words_pauper" href = "#words_p">pauper</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec344">344</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>, @@ -75929,40 +75919,40 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pavesco" id = "words_pavesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_pavesco" href = "#words_p">pavēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec939">939</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pecto" id = "words_pecto" href = +<b><a id = "words_pecto" href = "#words_p">pectō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec832">832</a>, <a href = "#sec835">835</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec960">960</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_peior" id = "words_peior" href = +<b><a id = "words_peior" href = "#words_p">peior</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_peius" id = "words_peius" href = +<b><a id = "words_peius" href = "#words_p">peius</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pelagus" id = "words_pelagus" href = +<b><a id = "words_pelagus" href = "#words_p">pelagus</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec493">493</a>, <a href = "#sec508">508</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pellicio" id = "words_pellicio" href = +<b><a id = "words_pellicio" href = "#words_p">pelliciō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec956">956</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pello" id = "words_pello" href = +<b><a id = "words_pello" href = "#words_p">pellō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec932">932</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec932">932</a>;</p> @@ -75970,36 +75960,36 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pelvis" id = "words_pelvis" href = +<b><a id = "words_pelvis" href = "#words_p">pelvis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec550">550</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pendeo" id = "words_pendeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pendeo" href = "#words_p">pendeō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec859">859</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pendo" id = "words_pendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pendo" href = "#words_p">pendō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>;</p> <p>with gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1271">1271</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_penes" id = "words_penes" href = +<b><a id = "words_penes" href = "#words_p">penes</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1434">1434</a>;</p> <p>quantity of second <b>e</b> in, <a href = "#sec2456">2456</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_penus" id = "words_penus" href = +<b><a id = "words_penus" href = "#words_p">penus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec588">588</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_per" id = "words_per" href = +<b><a id = "words_per" href = "#words_p">per</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>after its case, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>;</p> @@ -76013,23 +76003,23 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perago" id = "words_perago" href = +<b><a id = "words_perago" href = "#words_p">peragō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_percello" id = "words_percello" href = +<b><a id = "words_percello" href = "#words_p">percellō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec861">861</a>, <a href = "#sec2435">2435</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec935">935</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_percitus" id = "words_percitus" href = +<b><a id = "words_percitus" href = "#words_p">percitus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec919">919</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perdo" id = "words_perdo" href = +<b><a id = "words_perdo" href = "#words_p">perdō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec757">757</a>;</p> <p>forms of, supplied by <b>pereō</b>, <a href = "#sec757">757</a>, @@ -76037,39 +76027,39 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p>with infin. as obj., <a href = "#sec2206">2206</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_peregri" id = "words_peregri" href = +<b><a id = "words_peregri" href = "#words_p">peregrī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1340">1340</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_peremo" id = "words_peremo" href = +<b><a id = "words_peremo" href = "#words_p">peremō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pereo" id = "words_pereo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pereo" href = "#words_p">pereō</a></b>,</p> <p>supplying forms of <b>perdō</b>, <a href = "#sec757">757</a>, <a href = "#sec1471">1471</a>;</p> <p>followed by <b>ab</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1318">1318</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perfrico" id = "words_perfrico" href = +<b><a id = "words_perfrico" href = "#words_p">perfricō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perfruor" id = "words_perfruor" href = +<b><a id = "words_perfruor" href = "#words_p">perfruor</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1379">1379</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1380">1380</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pergo" id = "words_pergo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pergo" href = "#words_p">pergō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perinde" id = "words_perinde" href = +<b><a id = "words_perinde" href = "#words_p">perinde</a></b>,</p> <p>pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> <p>correlative of <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>;</p> @@ -76078,7 +76068,7 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p><b>perinde . . . quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1890">1890</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_peritus" id = "words_peritus" href = +<b><a id = "words_peritus" href = "#words_p">perītus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>with <b>iūre</b>, <a href = "#sec1268">1268</a>, @@ -76088,24 +76078,24 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> "#sec2258">2258</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perlego" id = "words_perlego" href = +<b><a id = "words_perlego" href = "#words_p">perlegō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_permagni" id = "words_permagni" href = +<b><a id = "words_permagni" href = "#words_p">permagnī</a></b>,</p> <p>as gen. of estimation, <a href = "#sec1279">1279</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_permagno" id = "words_permagno" href = +<b><a id = "words_permagno" href = "#words_p">permagnō</a></b>,</p> <p>as abl. of value, <a href = "#sec1273">1273</a>, <a href = "#sec1390">1390</a>, <a href = "#sec1391">1391</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_permitto" id = "words_permitto" href = +<b><a id = "words_permitto" href = "#words_p">permittō</a></b>,</p> <p>coordinated, <a href = "#sec1710">1710</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>, @@ -76114,16 +76104,16 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_permulsus" id = "words_permulsus" href = +<b><a id = "words_permulsus" href = "#words_p">permulsus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pernicies" id = "words_pernicies" href = +<b><a id = "words_pernicies" href = "#words_p">perniciēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec606">606</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perosus" id = "words_perosus" href = +<b><a id = "words_perosus" href = "#words_p">perōsus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec814">814</a>;</p> <p>with act. meaning, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>.</p> @@ -76132,61 +76122,61 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> "#sec813">813</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perpes" id = "words_perpes" href = +<b><a id = "words_perpes" href = "#words_p">perpes</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perpetior" id = "words_perpetior" href = +<b><a id = "words_perpetior" href = "#words_p">perpetior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec986">986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_perplaceo" id = "words_perplaceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_perplaceo" href = "#words_p">perplaceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_persuadeo" id = "words_persuadeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_persuadeo" href = "#words_p">persuādeō</a></b>,</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec1954">1954</a>, <a href = "#sec2195">2195</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pertundo" id = "words_pertundo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pertundo" href = "#words_p">pertundō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec931">931</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pervenio" id = "words_pervenio" href = +<b><a id = "words_pervenio" href = "#words_p">perveniō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec822">822</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pes" id = "words_pes" href = +<b><a id = "words_pes" href = "#words_p">pēs</a></b>,</p> <p>compounds of, decl. of, <a href = "#sec532">532</a>, <a href = "#sec636">636</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pessime" id = "words_pessime" href = +<b><a id = "words_pessime" href = "#words_p">pessimē</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pessimus" id = "words_pessimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_pessimus" href = "#words_p">pessimus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec351">351</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pessumdo" id = "words_pessumdo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pessumdo" href = "#words_p">pessumdō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec757">757</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_peto" id = "words_peto" href = +<b><a id = "words_peto" href = "#words_p">petō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec895">895</a>, <a href = "#sec967">967</a>;</p> @@ -76195,13 +76185,13 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ph" id = "words_ph" href = +<b><a id = "words_ph" href = "#words_p">ph</a></b>,</p> <p>sound of, <a href = "#sec19">19</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec72">72</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_piget" id = "words_piget" href = +<b><a id = "words_piget" href = "#words_p">piget</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec815">815</a>, <a href = "#sec817">817</a>;</p> @@ -76210,28 +76200,28 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p>used personally, <a href = "#sec1284">1284</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pili" id = "words_pili" href = +<b><a id = "words_pili" href = "#words_p">pilī</a></b>,</p> <p>as gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1272">1272</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pingo" id = "words_pingo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pingo" href = "#words_p">pingō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_piper" id = "words_piper" href = +<b><a id = "words_piper" href = "#words_p">piper</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_piso" id = "words_piso" href = +<b><a id = "words_piso" href = "#words_p">pīsō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>pīnsō</b>, forms of, <a href = "#sec819">819</a>, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_placeo" id = "words_placeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_placeo" href = "#words_p">placeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> @@ -76242,21 +76232,21 @@ sunt quī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p><b>placet</b> with subj. infin., <a href = "#sec2209">2209</a>;</p> <p><b>placitus</b>, with act. meaning, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page571" id = "page571"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page571"> 571</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plango" id = "words_plango" href = +<b><a id = "words_plango" href = "#words_p">plangō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plaudo" id = "words_plaudo" href = +<b><a id = "words_plaudo" href = "#words_p">plaudō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plebs" id = "words_plebs" href = +<b><a id = "words_plebs" href = "#words_p">plēbs</a></b> (<b>plēps</b>, <b>plēbēs</b>), pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec524">524</a>, @@ -76264,36 +76254,36 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec603">603</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plenus" id = "words_plenus" href = +<b><a id = "words_plenus" href = "#words_p">plēnus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1268">1268</a>, <a href = "#sec1387">1387</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pleo" id = "words_pleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pleo" href = "#words_p">pleō-</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1001">1001</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plerique" id = "words_plerique" href = +<b><a id = "words_plerique" href = "#words_p">plērīque</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1244">1244</a>;</p> <p>with abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1366">1366</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plerumque" id = "words_plerumque" href = +<b><a id = "words_plerumque" href = "#words_p">plērumque</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plico" id = "words_plico" href = +<b><a id = "words_plico" href = "#words_p">plicō-</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pluit" id = "words_pluit" href = +<b><a id = "words_pluit" href = "#words_p">pluit</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec815">815</a>;</p> <p>form <b>plūvit</b>, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>;</p> @@ -76301,12 +76291,12 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p>impersonal, <a href = "#sec1034">1034</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plurimum" id = "words_plurimum" href = +<b><a id = "words_plurimum" href = "#words_p">plūrimum</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plurimus" id = "words_plurimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_plurimus" href = "#words_p">plūrimus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec352">352</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>;</p> @@ -76317,7 +76307,7 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> "#sec1391">1391</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_plus" id = "words_plus" href = +<b><a id = "words_plus" href = "#words_p">plūs</a></b>,</p> <p>adj. and adv., comparison of, <a href = "#sec355">355</a>, <a href = "#sec363">363</a>;</p> @@ -76334,30 +76324,30 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> "#sec1556">1556</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pol" id = "words_pol" href = +<b><a id = "words_pol" href = "#words_p">pol</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_polleo" id = "words_polleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_polleo" href = "#words_p">polleō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_polliceor" id = "words_polliceor" href = +<b><a id = "words_polliceor" href = "#words_p">polliceor</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2186">2186</a>;</p> <p>with fut. infin., <a href = "#sec2235">2235</a>;</p> <p>with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2236">2236</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pone" id = "words_pone" href = +<b><a id = "words_pone" href = "#words_p">pōne</a></b>,</p> <p>not compounded, <a href = "#sec1406">1406</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pono" id = "words_pono" href = +<b><a id = "words_pono" href = "#words_p">pōnō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec111">111</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>;</p> @@ -76365,34 +76355,34 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p>with <b>in</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1424">1424</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_populo" id = "words_populo" href = +<b><a id = "words_populo" href = "#words_p">populō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>populor</b>, <a href = "#sec800">800</a>, <a href = "#sec1488">1488</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_por" id = "words_por" href = +<b><a id = "words_por" href = "#words_p">por-</a></b>,</p> <p>inseparable prep., <a href = "#sec392">392</a>, <a href = "#sec1409">1409</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_porrigo" id = "words_porrigo" href = +<b><a id = "words_porrigo" href = "#words_p">porrigō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>porgō</b>, prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_porticus" id = "words_porticus" href = +<b><a id = "words_porticus" href = "#words_p">porticus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec588">588</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pos" id = "words_pos" href = +<b><a id = "words_pos" href = "#words_p">pos</a></b>,</p> <p>prep. <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_posco" id = "words_posco" href = +<b><a id = "words_posco" href = "#words_p">poscō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec170">170</a>, <a href = "#sec10">10</a>;</p> @@ -76404,7 +76394,7 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p>constructions with pass. of, <a href = "#sec1171">1171</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_possum" id = "words_possum" href = +<b><a id = "words_possum" href = "#words_p">possum</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec744">744</a>, <a href = "#sec751">751</a>;</p> @@ -76436,7 +76426,7 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> "#sec2333">2333</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_post" id = "words_post" href = +<b><a id = "words_post" href = "#words_p">post</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1195">1195</a>;</p> @@ -76448,49 +76438,49 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2286">2286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_poste" id = "words_poste" href = +<b><a id = "words_poste" href = "#words_p">poste</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_postea" id = "words_postea" href = +<b><a id = "words_postea" href = "#words_p">posteā</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1253">1253</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_postera" id = "words_postera" href = +<b><a id = "words_postera" href = "#words_p">postera</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_posteri" id = "words_posteri" href = +<b><a id = "words_posteri" href = "#words_p">posterī</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec347">347</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_posterior" id = "words_posterior" href = +<b><a id = "words_posterior" href = "#words_p">posterior</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_posthabeo" id = "words_posthabeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_posthabeo" href = "#words_p">posthabeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_postid" id = "words_postid" href = +<b><a id = "words_postid" href = "#words_p">postid</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1253">1253</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_postidea" id = "words_postidea" href = +<b><a id = "words_postidea" href = "#words_p">postideā</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1253">1253</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_postquam" id = "words_postquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_postquam" href = "#words_p">postquam</a></b>,</p> <p><b>posteā quam</b>, <b>posquam</b>, with infin., <a href = "#sec1539">1539</a>, @@ -76498,14 +76488,14 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p>with indic. and subjv., <a href = "#sec1923">1923-1931</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_postremus" id = "words_postremus" href = +<b><a id = "words_postremus" href = "#words_p">postrēmus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec352">352</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>;</p> <p>with partitive meaning, <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_postridie" id = "words_postridie" href = +<b><a id = "words_postridie" href = "#words_p">postrīdiē</a></b>,</p> <p>as adv., <a href = "#sec1341">1341</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1413">1413</a>, @@ -76515,7 +76505,7 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p><b>postrīdiē quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1922">1922</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_postulo" id = "words_postulo" href = +<b><a id = "words_postulo" href = "#words_p">postulō</a></b>,</p> <p>with subjv. coordinated, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> @@ -76524,13 +76514,13 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2194">2194</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_postumus" id = "words_postumus" href = +<b><a id = "words_postumus" href = "#words_p">postumus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec351">351</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pote" id = "words_pote" href = +<b><a id = "words_pote" href = "#words_p">pote</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, used with or without <b>sum</b>, <a href = "#sec752">752</a>;</p> @@ -76538,7 +76528,7 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p><b>ut pote cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1879">1879</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_potior" id = "words_potior" href = +<b><a id = "words_potior" href = "#words_p">potior</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>, <a href = "#sec799">799</a>;</p> @@ -76549,24 +76539,24 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p>use of gerundive of, <a href = "#sec2244">2244</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_potis" id = "words_potis" href = +<b><a id = "words_potis" href = "#words_p">potis</a></b>,</p> <p>with or without <b>sum</b>, <a href = "#sec752">752</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_potius" id = "words_potius" href = +<b><a id = "words_potius" href = "#words_p">potius</a></b>,</p> <p>after <b>vel</b>, <a href = "#sec1670">1670</a>;</p> <p>with <b>sīve</b>, <a href = "#sec1672">1672</a>;</p> <p><b>potius quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_potus" id = "words_potus" href = +<b><a id = "words_potus" href = "#words_p">pōtus</a></b>,</p> <p>with act. meaning, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prae" id = "words_prae" href = +<b><a id = "words_prae" href = "#words_p">prae</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> @@ -76583,76 +76573,76 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p><b>prae quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1895">1895</a>;</p> <p><b>prae quam quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1895">1895</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page572" id = "page572"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page572"> 572</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praebeo" id = "words_praebeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_praebeo" href = "#words_p">praebeō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec118_2">118, 2</a>; <a href = "#sec125">125</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praecino" id = "words_praecino" href = +<b><a id = "words_praecino" href = "#words_p">praecinō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praecipio" id = "words_praecipio" href = +<b><a id = "words_praecipio" href = "#words_p">praecipiō</a></b>,</p> <p>with subjv. coordinated, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2194">2194</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praecox" id = "words_praecox" href = +<b><a id = "words_praecox" href = "#words_p">praecōx</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praehibeo" id = "words_praehibeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_praehibeo" href = "#words_p">praehibeō</a></b>,</p> <p>with short diphthong, <a href = "#sec125">125</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praelego" id = "words_praelego" href = +<b><a id = "words_praelego" href = "#words_p">praelegō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praemordeo" id = "words_praemordeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_praemordeo" href = "#words_p">praemordeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praeneste" id = "words_praeneste" href = +<b><a id = "words_praeneste" href = "#words_p">Praeneste</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec557">557</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praesagus" id = "words_praesagus" href = +<b><a id = "words_praesagus" href = "#words_p">praesāgus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praescius" id = "words_praescius" href = +<b><a id = "words_praescius" href = "#words_p">praescius</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praesideo" id = "words_praesideo" href = +<b><a id = "words_praesideo" href = "#words_p">praesideō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec997">997</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praesidium" id = "words_praesidium" href = +<b><a id = "words_praesidium" href = "#words_p">praesidium</a></b>,</p> <p>dat. of, with verb, <a href = "#sec1220">1220</a>, <a href = "#sec1223">1223</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praesto" id = "words_praesto" href = +<b><a id = "words_praesto" href = "#words_p">praestō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec989">989</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1951">1951</a>;</p> @@ -76664,12 +76654,12 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> "#sec1187">1187</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praestolor" id = "words_praestolor" href = +<b><a id = "words_praestolor" href = "#words_p">praestōlor</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat. or acc., <a href = "#sec1184">1184</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praeter" id = "words_praeter" href = +<b><a id = "words_praeter" href = "#words_p">praeter</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec710">710</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> @@ -76680,47 +76670,47 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p>with infin. as obj., <a href = "#sec2205">2205</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praetermitto" id = "words_praetermitto" href = +<b><a id = "words_praetermitto" href = "#words_p">praetermittō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praeterquam" id = "words_praeterquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_praeterquam" href = "#words_p">praeterquam</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing subst. with which verb agrees, <a href = "#sec1073">1073</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_praeut" id = "words_praeut" href = +<b><a id = "words_praeut" href = "#words_p">praeut</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1945">1945</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prandeo" id = "words_prandeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_prandeo" href = "#words_p">prandeō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec866">866</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec998">998</a>;</p> <p><b>prānsus</b>, with act. meaning, <a href = "#sec907">907</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_precor" id = "words_precor" href = +<b><a id = "words_precor" href = "#words_p">precor</a></b>,</p> <p>with subjv. coordinated, <a href = "#sec1708">1708</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1950">1950</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2195">2195</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prehendo" id = "words_prehendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_prehendo" href = "#words_p">prehendō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec125">125</a>;</p> <p>or <b>praehendō</b>, <b>prēndō</b>, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_premo" id = "words_premo" href = +<b><a id = "words_premo" href = "#words_p">premō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pridie" id = "words_pridie" href = +<b><a id = "words_pridie" href = "#words_p">prīdiē</a></b>,</p> <p>as adv., <a href = "#sec1341">1341</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1406">1406</a>, @@ -76730,7 +76720,7 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> <p><b>prīdiē quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1922">1922</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_primum" id = "words_primum" href = +<b><a id = "words_primum" href = "#words_p">prīmum</a></b>, <a href = "#sec362">362</a>, <a href = "#sec701">701</a>;</p> <p><b>prīmum</b> (<b>prīmō</b>) <b>... deinde . . . tum</b>, <a href = @@ -76739,24 +76729,24 @@ of, <a href = "#sec54">54</a>;</p> "#sec1923">1923-1934</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_primus" id = "words_primus" href = +<b><a id = "words_primus" href = "#words_p">prīmus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec352">352</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> <p>with partitive meaning, <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prior" id = "words_prior" href = +<b><a id = "words_prior" href = "#words_p">prior</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prius" id = "words_prius" href = "#words_p">prius +<b><a id = "words_prius" href = "#words_p">prius quam</a></b>,</p> <p>for <b>potius quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1897">1897</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_priusquam" id = "words_priusquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_priusquam" href = "#words_p">priusquam</a></b>,</p> <p>with fut. perf., <a href = "#sec1626">1626</a>;</p> <p>with pres. indic. of fut. action, <a href = "#sec1593">1593</a>;</p> @@ -76765,13 +76755,13 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> <p>in particular statements, <a href = "#sec1915">1915-1921</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_privo" id = "words_privo" href = +<b><a id = "words_privo" href = "#words_p">prīvō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pro" id = "words_pro" href = +<b><a id = "words_pro" href = "#words_p">prō</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>;</p> <p>with abl. proper, <a href = "#sec1297">1297</a>;</p> @@ -76794,53 +76784,53 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_procul" id = "words_procul" href = +<b><a id = "words_procul" href = "#words_p">procul</a></b>,</p> <p>as adv. and prep., <a href = "#sec1421">1421</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_procumbo" id = "words_procumbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_procumbo" href = "#words_p">prōcumbō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec974">974</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_procurro" id = "words_procurro" href = +<b><a id = "words_procurro" href = "#words_p">prōcurrō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec860">860</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prodigus" id = "words_prodigus" href = +<b><a id = "words_prodigus" href = "#words_p">prōdigus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prodinunt" id = "words_prodinunt" href = +<b><a id = "words_prodinunt" href = "#words_p">prōdīnunt</a></b>, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_proficiscor" id = "words_proficiscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_proficiscor" href = "#words_p">proficīscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>;</p> <p><b>profectus</b>, used actively, <a href = "#sec1364">1364</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_profusus" id = "words_profusus" href = +<b><a id = "words_profusus" href = "#words_p">prōfūsus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prognatus" id = "words_prognatus" href = +<b><a id = "words_prognatus" href = "#words_p">prōgnātus</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1312">1312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_progredior" id = "words_progredior" href = +<b><a id = "words_progredior" href = "#words_p">prōgredior</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec791">791</a>, <a href = "#sec799">799</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prohibeo" id = "words_prohibeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_prohibeo" href = "#words_p">prohibeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms <b>prohibēssīs</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec887">887</a>;</p> <p>contracted, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> @@ -76852,12 +76842,12 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2203">2203</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_proin" id = "words_proin" href = +<b><a id = "words_proin" href = "#words_p">proin</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing command, <a href = "#sec2157">2157</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_proinde" id = "words_proinde" href = +<b><a id = "words_proinde" href = "#words_p">proinde</a></b>,</p> <p>disyllabic in verse, <a href = "#sec93_7">93, 7</a>;</p> <p>correlative of <b>quasi</b>, <b>tamquam sī</b>, &c., <a href = @@ -76865,19 +76855,19 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing command, <a href = "#sec2157">2157</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_promitto" id = "words_promitto" href = +<b><a id = "words_promitto" href = "#words_p">prōmittō</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2175">2175</a>;</p> <p>with fut. infin., <a href = "#sec2235">2235</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_promo" id = "words_promo" href = +<b><a id = "words_promo" href = "#words_p">prōmō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prope" id = "words_prope" href = +<b><a id = "words_prope" href = "#words_p">prope</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> @@ -76885,35 +76875,35 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> <p><b>prope ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1947">1947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_propendeo" id = "words_propendeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_propendeo" href = "#words_p">prōpendeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_propero" id = "words_propero" href = +<b><a id = "words_propero" href = "#words_p">properō</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2190">2190</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_propior" id = "words_propior" href = +<b><a id = "words_propior" href = "#words_p">propior</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_propius" id = "words_propius" href = +<b><a id = "words_propius" href = "#words_p">propius</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_proprius" id = "words_proprius" href = +<b><a id = "words_proprius" href = "#words_p">proprius</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1202">1202</a>, <a href = "#sec1238">1238</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_propter" id = "words_propter" href = +<b><a id = "words_propter" href = "#words_p">propter</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>expressing cause, &c., <a href = "#sec1317">1317</a>;</p> @@ -76924,7 +76914,7 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> <p>with subst. and partic., <a href = "#sec2286">2286</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_propterea" id = "words_propterea" href = +<b><a id = "words_propterea" href = "#words_p">proptereā</a></b>,</p> <p>as coordinating word, <a href = "#sec1691">1691</a>;</p> <p><b>proptereā . . . quod</b>, <a href = "#sec1854">1854</a>;</p> @@ -76933,50 +76923,50 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> <p>before <b>ut</b>, <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1961">1961</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prout" id = "words_prout" href = +<b><a id = "words_prout" href = "#words_p">prout</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1942">1942</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_providus" id = "words_providus" href = +<b><a id = "words_providus" href = "#words_p">prōvidus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_proxime" id = "words_proxime" href = +<b><a id = "words_proxime" href = "#words_p">proximē</a></b>,</p> <p>prep. <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_proximus" id = "words_proximus" href = +<b><a id = "words_proximus" href = "#words_p">proximus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec351">351</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_prudens" id = "words_prudens" href = +<b><a id = "words_prudens" href = "#words_p">prūdēns</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec111">111</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pte" id = "words_pte" href = +<b><a id = "words_pte" href = "#words_p">pte-</a></b>,</p> <p>enclitic, <a href = "#sec655">655</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pubes" id = "words_pubes" href = +<b><a id = "words_pubes" href = "#words_p">pūbēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>, <a href = "#sec523">523</a>, <a href = "#sec624">624</a>, <a href = "#sec625">625</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page573" id = "page573"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page573"> 573</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pudet" id = "words_pudet" href = +<b><a id = "words_pudet" href = "#words_p">pudet</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec815">815</a>, <a href = "#sec817">817</a>;</p> @@ -76986,31 +76976,31 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> <p>with subj. infin., <a href = "#sec2209">2209</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pugno" id = "words_pugno" href = +<b><a id = "words_pugno" href = "#words_p">pugnō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1186">1186</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_pungo" id = "words_pungo" href = +<b><a id = "words_pungo" href = "#words_p">pungō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec823">823</a>, <a href = "#sec858">858</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec925">925</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_puppis" id = "words_puppis" href = +<b><a id = "words_puppis" href = "#words_p">puppis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec519">519</a>, <a href = "#sec550">550</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_putesco" id = "words_putesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_putesco" href = "#words_p">pūtēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_puto" id = "words_puto" href = +<b><a id = "words_puto" href = "#words_p">putō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>prō</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1168">1168</a>;</p> <p>with gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1271">1271</a>;</p> @@ -77022,11 +77012,11 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> "#sec2438">2438</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_putus" id = "words_putus" href = +<b><a id = "words_putus" href = "#words_p">putus</a></b>, <a href = "#sec919">919</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_q" id = "words_q" href = "#words">Q</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_q" href = "#words">Q</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>q</b>,</p> @@ -77038,7 +77028,7 @@ quam</a></b>,</p> see <b><a href = "#words_qu">qu</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_qu" id = "words_qu" href = +<b><a id = "words_qu" href = "#words_q">qu</a></b>,</p> <p>before consonants or when final, changed to <b>c</b>, <a href = "#sec158">158</a>;</p> @@ -77049,37 +77039,37 @@ see <b><a href = "#words_qu">qu</a></b>.</p> <b>quā . . . quā</b>, <a href = "#sec1687">1687</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quaad" id = "words_quaad" href = +<b><a id = "words_quaad" href = "#words_q">quaad</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1991">1991</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quadrans" id = "words_quadrans" href = +<b><a id = "words_quadrans" href = "#words_q">quadrāns</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>;</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quaero" id = "words_quaero" href = +<b><a id = "words_quaero" href = "#words_q">quaerō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec967">967</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of compounds of, <a href = "#sec967">967</a>;</p> <p><b>sī quaeris</b>, <a href = "#sec2113">2113</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quaeso" id = "words_quaeso" href = +<b><a id = "words_quaeso" href = "#words_q">quaesō</a></b>,</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_qualis" id = "words_qualis" href = +<b><a id = "words_qualis" href = "#words_q">quālis</a></b>,</p> <p>in questions, <a href = "#sec1526">1526</a>;</p> <p>agreement of, <a href = "#sec1802">1802</a>;</p> <p><b>tālis . . . quālis</b>, <a href = "#sec1831">1831</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quam" id = "words_quam" href = +<b><a id = "words_quam" href = "#words_q">quam</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec702">702</a>;</p> <p>introducing subst. with which verb agrees, <a href = @@ -77146,7 +77136,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p><b>quam sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2117">2117</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quamdiu" id = "words_quamdiu" href = +<b><a id = "words_quamdiu" href = "#words_q">quamdiū</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec92">92</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1991">1991</a>, @@ -77154,12 +77144,12 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1999">1999-2001</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quamlibet" id = "words_quamlibet" href = +<b><a id = "words_quamlibet" href = "#words_q">quamlibet</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1907">1907</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quamquam" id = "words_quamquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_quamquam" href = "#words_q">quamquam</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1374">1374</a>, <a href = "#sec1900">1900</a>;</p> @@ -77170,13 +77160,13 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>with infin. in ind. disc., <a href = "#sec2317">2317</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quamvis" id = "words_quamvis" href = +<b><a id = "words_quamvis" href = "#words_q">quamvīs</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1374">1374</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1903">1903-1907</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quando" id = "words_quando" href = +<b><a id = "words_quando" href = "#words_q">quandō</a></b>,</p> <p>used with accusative of exclamation, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>;</p> @@ -77193,7 +77183,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>with shortened <b>o</b>, <a href = "#sec2442">2442</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quandoque" id = "words_quandoque" href = +<b><a id = "words_quandoque" href = "#words_q">quandōque</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2012">2012</a>, <a href = "#sec2014">2014</a>.</p> @@ -77202,14 +77192,14 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1973">1973</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quantum" id = "words_quantum" href = +<b><a id = "words_quantum" href = "#words_q">quantum</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing subst. with which verb agrees, <a href = "#sec1073">1073</a>;</p> <p><b>quantum . . . tantum</b>, <a href = "#sec1831">1831</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quantus" id = "words_quantus" href = +<b><a id = "words_quantus" href = "#words_q">quantus</a></b>,</p> <p>neut. with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>;</p> <p><b>quantum est</b> with gen., <a href = "#sec1259">1259</a>;</p> @@ -77223,7 +77213,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1892">1892</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quasi" id = "words_quasi" href = +<b><a id = "words_quasi" href = "#words_q">quasi</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1374">1374</a>;</p> <p>in figurative expressions, <a href = "#sec1944">1944</a>;</p> @@ -77237,14 +77227,14 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2445">2445</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quatio" id = "words_quatio" href = +<b><a id = "words_quatio" href = "#words_q">quatiō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec836">836</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec961">961</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec961">961</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_que" id = "words_que" href = +<b><a id = "words_que" href = "#words_q">que-</a></b>,</p> <p>enclitic, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> <p>connecting substs. with sing. or plur. verb, <a href = @@ -77261,7 +77251,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>meaning <i>but</i>, <a href = "#sec1655">1655</a>;</p> <p><b>-que nōn</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec1659">1659</a>;</p> <p><b>et . . . -que</b>, <a href = "#sec1663">1663</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page574" id = "page574"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page574"> 574</a></span> <p><b>-que . . . et</b>, <a href = "#sec1664">1664</a>;</p> <p><b>-que . . . atque</b>, <a href = "#sec1664">1664</a>;</p> @@ -77272,12 +77262,12 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>at end of verse, <a href = "#sec2568">2568</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quemadmodum" id = "words_quemadmodum" href = +<b><a id = "words_quemadmodum" href = "#words_q">quemadmodum</a></b>,</p> <p>with infin. in ind. disc., <a href = "#sec2317">2317</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_queo" id = "words_queo" href = +<b><a id = "words_queo" href = "#words_q">queō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec759">759</a>, <a href = "#sec768">768</a>;</p> @@ -77290,14 +77280,14 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec922">922</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_queror" id = "words_queror" href = +<b><a id = "words_queror" href = "#words_q">queror</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec798">798</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec978">978</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1139">1139</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_qui" id = "words_qui" href = +<b><a id = "words_qui" href = "#words_q">quī</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec681">681-683</a>;</p> <p><b>quot</b>, <a href = "#sec659">659</a>;</p> @@ -77391,7 +77381,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>with subjv., <a href = "#sec1976">1976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quia" id = "words_quia" href = +<b><a id = "words_quia" href = "#words_q">quia</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec701">701</a>;</p> <p><b>nisi quia</b>, <a href = "#sec1848">1848</a>;</p> @@ -77400,7 +77390,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2438">2438</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quicumque" id = "words_quicumque" href = +<b><a id = "words_quicumque" href = "#words_q">quīcumque</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> <p>tmesis in, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> @@ -77410,7 +77400,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>referring to <b>is</b>, <a href = "#sec2368">2368</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quidam" id = "words_quidam" href = +<b><a id = "words_quidam" href = "#words_q">quīdam</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ex</b> or <b>dē</b> <a href = "#sec1246">1246</a>;</p> @@ -77420,7 +77410,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> "#sec2393">2393</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quidem" id = "words_quidem" href = +<b><a id = "words_quidem" href = "#words_q">quidem</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1447">1447</a>, <a href = "#sec1661">1661</a>, @@ -77438,25 +77428,25 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> "#sec2361">2361</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quies" id = "words_quies" href = +<b><a id = "words_quies" href = "#words_q">quiēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec572">572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quiesco" id = "words_quiesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_quiesco" href = "#words_q">quiēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec871">871</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quilibet" id = "words_quilibet" href = +<b><a id = "words_quilibet" href = "#words_q">quīlibet</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec2401">2401</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quin" id = "words_quin" href = +<b><a id = "words_quin" href = "#words_q">quīn</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec113">113</a>, <a href = "#sec1980">1980</a>;</p> @@ -77475,24 +77465,24 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>quantity of, <a href = "#sec2430">2430</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quincunx" id = "words_quincunx" href = +<b><a id = "words_quincunx" href = "#words_q">quīncunx</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>;</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quinquatrus" id = "words_quinquatrus" href = +<b><a id = "words_quinquatrus" href = "#words_q">quīnquātrūs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec588">588</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quintus" id = "words_quintus" href = +<b><a id = "words_quintus" href = "#words_q">quīntus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec170_4">170, 4</a>; <a href = "#sec2412">2412</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quippe" id = "words_quippe" href = +<b><a id = "words_quippe" href = "#words_q">quippe</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1690">1690</a>, <a href = "#sec2156">2156</a>;</p> <p><b>quippe quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1827">1827</a>, @@ -77501,14 +77491,14 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>first syllable shortened, <a href = "#sec2469">2469</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quiris" id = "words_quiris" href = +<b><a id = "words_quiris" href = "#words_q">Quirīs</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec88">88</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>;</p> <p>quantity of second <b>i</b> in, <a href = "#sec2452">2452</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quis" id = "words_quis" href = +<b><a id = "words_quis" href = "#words_q">quis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec684">684</a>, <a href = "#sec686">686</a>;</p> @@ -77534,7 +77524,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>neut. acc. used adverbially, <a href = "#sec1144">1144</a>;</p> <p>neut. with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>;</p> <p>abl. of, with <b>locī</b>, <a href = "#sec1252">1252</a>;</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page575" id = "page575"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page575"> 575</a></span> <p><b>quid</b> for <b>quis</b>, <a href = "#sec1462">1462</a>;</p> <p><b>quid est</b>, <b>quid dīcis</b>, <b>quid</b>, <b>quid vērō</b>, @@ -77556,18 +77546,18 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quisnam" id = "words_quisnam" href = +<b><a id = "words_quisnam" href = "#words_q">quisnam</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quispiam" id = "words_quispiam" href = +<b><a id = "words_quispiam" href = "#words_q">quispiam</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>; use of, <a href = "#sec2389">2389</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quisquam" id = "words_quisquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_quisquam" href = "#words_q">quisquam</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> <p>with <b>haud</b>, <a href = "#sec1449">1449</a>;</p> @@ -77577,7 +77567,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> "#sec2402">2402</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quisque" id = "words_quisque" href = +<b><a id = "words_quisque" href = "#words_q">quisque</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> <p>with abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1366">1366</a>;</p> @@ -77596,7 +77586,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> "#sec2398">2398</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quisquis" id = "words_quisquis" href = +<b><a id = "words_quisquis" href = "#words_q">quisquis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> <p><b>quidquid est</b> with gen., <a href = "#sec1259">1259</a>;</p> @@ -77604,13 +77594,13 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>for <b>quisque</b>, <a href = "#sec2398">2398</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quivis" id = "words_quivis" href = +<b><a id = "words_quivis" href = "#words_q">quīvīs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec2401">2401</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quo" id = "words_quo" href = +<b><a id = "words_quo" href = "#words_q">quō</a></b>,</p> <p>adv., with acc. of exclamation, <a href = "#sec1150">1150</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1254">1254</a>;</p> @@ -77626,7 +77616,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> "#sec2388">2388</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quoad" id = "words_quoad" href = +<b><a id = "words_quoad" href = "#words_q">quoad</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec1991">1991</a>;</p> <p>use of, meaning <i>all the time while</i>, <a href = @@ -77636,7 +77626,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2008">2008</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quod" id = "words_quod" href = +<b><a id = "words_quod" href = "#words_q">quod</a></b>,</p> <p>conj., origin of, <a href = "#sec1838">1838</a>;</p> <p>with declarative and causal sense, <a href = "#sec1838">1838</a>;</p> @@ -77671,49 +77661,49 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>following supine in <b>-um</b>, <a href = "#sec2272">2272</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quoias" id = "words_quoias" href = +<b><a id = "words_quoias" href = "#words_q">quoiās</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec329">329</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quoius" id = "words_quoius" href = +<b><a id = "words_quoius" href = "#words_q">quoius</a></b>,</p> <p>in questions, <a href = "#sec1526">1526</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quom" id = "words_quom" href = +<b><a id = "words_quom" href = "#words_q">quom</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_cum">cum</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quominus" id = "words_quominus" href = +<b><a id = "words_quominus" href = "#words_q">quōminus</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>, <a href = "#sec1978">1978</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quoniam" id = "words_quoniam" href = +<b><a id = "words_quoniam" href = "#words_q">quoniam</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec153_4">153, 4</a>; <a href = "#sec1882">1882</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1882">1882-1884</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quoque" id = "words_quoque" href = +<b><a id = "words_quoque" href = "#words_q">quoque</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>sed</b>, <a href = "#sec1680">1680</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quor" id = "words_quor" href = +<b><a id = "words_quor" href = "#words_q">quōr</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_cur">cūr</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quosetius" id = "words_quosetius" href = +<b><a id = "words_quosetius" href = "#words_q">quō sētius</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1979">1979</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quot" id = "words_quot" href = +<b><a id = "words_quot" href = "#words_q">quot</a></b>,</p> <p>indeclinable, <a href = "#sec431">431</a>;</p> <p>as adj., <a href = "#sec431">431</a>;</p> @@ -77722,7 +77712,7 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p><b>tot . . . quot</b>, <a href = "#sec1831">1831</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quotiens" id = "words_quotiens" href = +<b><a id = "words_quotiens" href = "#words_q">quotiēns</a></b>,</p> <p>in questions, <a href = "#sec1526">1526</a>;</p> <p>with perf. indic. of anterior time, <a href = @@ -77732,12 +77722,12 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>mood with, <a href = "#sec1885">1885-1887</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_quotienscumque" id = "words_quotienscumque" href = +<b><a id = "words_quotienscumque" href = "#words_q">quotiēnscumque</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1885">1885-1887</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_r" id = "words_r" href = "#words">R</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_r" href = "#words">R</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>r</b>,</p> @@ -77752,53 +77742,53 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>preceded by mute or <b>f</b>, <a href = "#sec178">178</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rabies" id = "words_rabies" href = +<b><a id = "words_rabies" href = "#words_r">rabiēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec606">606</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rado" id = "words_rado" href = +<b><a id = "words_rado" href = "#words_r">rādō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rapio" id = "words_rapio" href = +<b><a id = "words_rapio" href = "#words_r">rapiō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec836">836</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec975">975</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec975">975</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_raucio" id = "words_raucio" href = +<b><a id = "words_raucio" href = "#words_r">rauciō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_re" id = "words_re" href = +<b><a id = "words_re" href = "#words_r">re-</a></b>,</p> <p>compounds with, perf. of, <a href = "#sec781">781</a>, <a href = "#sec861">861</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_reapse" id = "words_reapse" href = +<b><a id = "words_reapse" href = "#words_r">reāpse</a></b>, <a href = "#sec680">680</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_receptui" id = "words_receptui" href = +<b><a id = "words_receptui" href = "#words_r">receptuī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1225">1225</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_recido" id = "words_recido" href = +<b><a id = "words_recido" href = "#words_r">recidō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_recipio" id = "words_recipio" href = +<b><a id = "words_recipio" href = "#words_r">recipiō</a></b>,</p> <p>loc. abl. with, <a href = "#sec1348">1348</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_recordor" id = "words_recordor" href = +<b><a id = "words_recordor" href = "#words_r">recordor</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1287">1287</a>;</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1288">1288</a>;</p> @@ -77807,12 +77797,12 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2175">2175</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_recumbo" id = "words_recumbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_recumbo" href = "#words_r">recumbō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec974">974</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_recuso" id = "words_recuso" href = +<b><a id = "words_recuso" href = "#words_r">recūsō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>;</p> @@ -77821,40 +77811,40 @@ compar. denoting disproportion, <a href = "#sec1896">1896</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_red" id = "words_red" href = "#words_r">red-</a></b> +<b><a id = "words_red" href = "#words_r">red-</a></b> (<b>re-</b>), inseparable prep., <a href = "#sec392">392</a>, <a href = "#sec1409">1409</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_reddo" id = "words_reddo" href = +<b><a id = "words_reddo" href = "#words_r">reddō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of., <a href = "#sec757">757</a>;</p> <p>with infin. as obj., <a href = "#sec2206">2206</a>;</p> <p>with perf. partic., <a href = "#sec2297">2297</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_redinunt" id = "words_redinunt" href = +<b><a id = "words_redinunt" href = "#words_r">redīnunt</a></b>, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_redux" id = "words_redux" href = +<b><a id = "words_redux" href = "#words_r">redux</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>, <a href = "#sec635">635</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_refello" id = "words_refello" href = +<b><a id = "words_refello" href = "#words_r">refellō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec932">932</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_refert" id = "words_refert" href = "#words_r">rē +<b><a id = "words_refert" href = "#words_r">rē fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1276">1276-1279</a>;</p> <p>with subj. infin., <a href = "#sec2209">2209</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_refertus" id = "words_refertus" href = +<b><a id = "words_refertus" href = "#words_r">refertus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>, <a href = "#sec1387">1387</a>;</p> @@ -77862,7 +77852,7 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1387">1387</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rego" id = "words_rego" href = +<b><a id = "words_rego" href = "#words_r">regō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec782">782</a>, <a href = "#sec783">783</a>;</p> @@ -77871,66 +77861,66 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_relego" id = "words_relego" href = +<b><a id = "words_relego" href = "#words_r">relegō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec937">937</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page576" id = "page576"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page576"> 576</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_relicuus" id = "words_relicuus" href = +<b><a id = "words_relicuus" href = "#words_r">relicuus</a></b> (<b>reliquus</b>), with partitive meaning, <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_renes" id = "words_renes" href = +<b><a id = "words_renes" href = "#words_r">rēnēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec583">583</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_renideo" id = "words_renideo" href = +<b><a id = "words_renideo" href = "#words_r">renīdeō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_reor" id = "words_reor" href = +<b><a id = "words_reor" href = "#words_r">reor</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. partic. of, <a href = "#sec918">918</a>, <a href = "#sec2436">2436</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1008">1008</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_reparco" id = "words_reparco" href = +<b><a id = "words_reparco" href = "#words_r">reparcō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec930">930</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_repello" id = "words_repello" href = +<b><a id = "words_repello" href = "#words_r">repellō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec932">932</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_reperio" id = "words_reperio" href = +<b><a id = "words_reperio" href = "#words_r">reperiō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1011">1011</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_replico" id = "words_replico" href = +<b><a id = "words_replico" href = "#words_r">replicō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_repo" id = "words_repo" href = +<b><a id = "words_repo" href = "#words_r">rēpō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_reprimo" id = "words_reprimo" href = +<b><a id = "words_reprimo" href = "#words_r">reprimō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_repugno" id = "words_repugno" href = +<b><a id = "words_repugno" href = "#words_r">repugnō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>;</p> @@ -77938,14 +77928,14 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_requies" id = "words_requies" href = +<b><a id = "words_requies" href = "#words_r">requiēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>, <a href = "#sec603">603</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec572">572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_res" id = "words_res" href = +<b><a id = "words_res" href = "#words_r">rēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. and dat. sing. of, <a href = "#sec127_4">127, 4</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec601">601</a>, @@ -77960,17 +77950,17 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> "#sec2495">2495</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_resideo" id = "words_resideo" href = +<b><a id = "words_resideo" href = "#words_r">resideō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec997">997</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_resipisco" id = "words_resipisco" href = +<b><a id = "words_resipisco" href = "#words_r">resipīscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_resisto" id = "words_resisto" href = +<b><a id = "words_resisto" href = "#words_r">resistō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>, <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>;</p> @@ -77978,101 +77968,101 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1977">1977</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_resono" id = "words_resono" href = +<b><a id = "words_resono" href = "#words_r">resonō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_respondeo" id = "words_respondeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_respondeo" href = "#words_r">respondeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_restis" id = "words_restis" href = +<b><a id = "words_restis" href = "#words_r">restis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec520">520</a>, <a href = "#sec550">550</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rete" id = "words_rete" href = +<b><a id = "words_rete" href = "#words_r">rēte</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec528">528</a>, <a href = "#sec557">557</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_retendo" id = "words_retendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_retendo" href = "#words_r">retendō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec924">924</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_reticeo" id = "words_reticeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_reticeo" href = "#words_r">reticeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_retineo" id = "words_retineo" href = +<b><a id = "words_retineo" href = "#words_r">retineō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rettuli" id = "words_rettuli" href = +<b><a id = "words_rettuli" href = "#words_r">rettulī</a></b>,</p> <p><b>rētulī</b>, <a href = "#sec781">781</a>, <a href = "#sec861">861</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_retundo" id = "words_retundo" href = +<b><a id = "words_retundo" href = "#words_r">retundō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec931">931</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_reus" id = "words_reus" href = +<b><a id = "words_reus" href = "#words_r">reus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_revivesco" id = "words_revivesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_revivesco" href = "#words_r">revīvēscō</a></b> (<b>-vīvīscō</b>), <a href = "#sec959">959</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_revortor" id = "words_revortor" href = +<b><a id = "words_revortor" href = "#words_r">revortor</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec801">801</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rhodus" id = "words_rhodus" href = +<b><a id = "words_rhodus" href = "#words_r">Rhodus</a></b>,</p> <p>in loc., <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rideo" id = "words_rideo" href = +<b><a id = "words_rideo" href = "#words_r">rīdeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rigeo" id = "words_rigeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_rigeo" href = "#words_r">rigeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rigesco" id = "words_rigesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_rigesco" href = "#words_r">rigēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_robur" id = "words_robur" href = +<b><a id = "words_robur" href = "#words_r">rōbur</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rodo" id = "words_rodo" href = +<b><a id = "words_rodo" href = "#words_r">rōdō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rogo" id = "words_rogo" href = +<b><a id = "words_rogo" href = "#words_r">rogō</a></b>,</p> <p>with double acc., <a href = "#sec1169">1169</a>;</p> <p>with <b>dē</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1170">1170</a>;</p> @@ -78080,51 +78070,51 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <p>with gerundive construction, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rubesco" id = "words_rubesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_rubesco" href = "#words_r">rubēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rubus" id = "words_rubus" href = +<b><a id = "words_rubus" href = "#words_r">rubus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rudens" id = "words_rudens" href = +<b><a id = "words_rudens" href = "#words_r">rudēns</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rudis" id = "words_rudis" href = +<b><a id = "words_rudis" href = "#words_r">rudis</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1263">1263</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rumex" id = "words_rumex" href = +<b><a id = "words_rumex" href = "#words_r">rumex</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rumpo" id = "words_rumpo" href = +<b><a id = "words_rumpo" href = "#words_r">rumpō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ruo" id = "words_ruo" href = +<b><a id = "words_ruo" href = "#words_r">ruō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. partic. of, <a href = "#sec918">918</a>, <a href = "#sec2436">2436</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rursum" id = "words_rursum" href = +<b><a id = "words_rursum" href = "#words_r">rursum</a></b>,</p> <p><b>russum</b>, <b>rūsum</b>, accusatives as adverbs, <a href = "#sec701">701</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_rus" id = "words_rus" href = +<b><a id = "words_rus" href = "#words_r">rūs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>;</p> @@ -78138,7 +78128,7 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <p><b>rūre</b> as adv., <a href = "#sec703">703</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_s" id = "words_s" href = "#words">S</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_s" href = "#words">S</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>s</b>,</p> @@ -78163,59 +78153,59 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <p>does not always make position, <a href = "#sec2468">2468</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sacer" id = "words_sacer" href = +<b><a id = "words_sacer" href = "#words_s">sacer</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>;</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1202">1202</a>, <a href = "#sec1238">1238</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_saepe" id = "words_saepe" href = +<b><a id = "words_saepe" href = "#words_s">saepe</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec364">364</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_saepio" id = "words_saepio" href = +<b><a id = "words_saepio" href = "#words_s">saepiō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1014">1014</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sagra" id = "words_sagra" href = +<b><a id = "words_sagra" href = "#words_s">Sagra</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec406">406</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sal" id = "words_sal" href = +<b><a id = "words_sal" href = "#words_s">sāl</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec482">482</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec583">583</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_salio" id = "words_salio" href = +<b><a id = "words_salio" href = "#words_s">saliō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec1019">1019</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sam" id = "words_sam" href = +<b><a id = "words_sam" href = "#words_s">sam</a></b>,</p> <p>pron., <a href = "#sec675">675</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_samnis" id = "words_samnis" href = +<b><a id = "words_samnis" href = "#words_s">Samnīs</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec88">88</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>;</p> <p>quantity of <b>i</b> in, <a href = "#sec2452">2452</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sancio" id = "words_sancio" href = +<b><a id = "words_sancio" href = "#words_s">sanciō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1014">1014</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sane" id = "words_sane" href = +<b><a id = "words_sane" href = "#words_s">sānē</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing concessive period, <a href = "#sec2150">2150</a>;</p> <p><b>sānē quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1790">1790</a>;</p> @@ -78224,12 +78214,12 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sanesco" id = "words_sanesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_sanesco" href = "#words_s">sānēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sanguis" id = "words_sanguis" href = +<b><a id = "words_sanguis" href = "#words_s">sanguī̆s</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec171_4">171, 4</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec486">486</a>;</p> @@ -78237,28 +78227,28 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> <p>quantity of <b>i</b> in, <a href = "#sec2452">2452</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sapio" id = "words_sapio" href = +<b><a id = "words_sapio" href = "#words_s">sapiō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec836">836</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec969">969</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec969">969</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sarcio" id = "words_sarcio" href = +<b><a id = "words_sarcio" href = "#words_s">sarciō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1014">1014</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sas" id = "words_sas" href = "#words_s">sās</a></b> +<b><a id = "words_sas" href = "#words_s">sās</a></b> (for <b>suās</b>), <a href = "#sec653">653</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_satin" id = "words_satin" href = +<b><a id = "words_satin" href = "#words_s">satin</a></b>,</p> <p>in questions, <a href = "#sec1510">1510</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_satis" id = "words_satis" href = +<b><a id = "words_satis" href = "#words_s">satis</a></b>,</p> <p>verbs combined with, followed by dat., <a href = "#sec1187">1187</a>;</p> @@ -78269,44 +78259,44 @@ fert</a></b> (<b>rēfert</b>), forms of, <a href = "#sec816">816</a>;</p> "#sec2231">2231</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_satisdo" id = "words_satisdo" href = +<b><a id = "words_satisdo" href = "#words_s">satisdō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec757">757</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_satius" id = "words_satius" href = "#words_s">satius +<b><a id = "words_satius" href = "#words_s">satius est</a></b>,</p> <p>implying non-occurrent action, <a href = "#sec1496">1496</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_scalpo" id = "words_scalpo" href = +<b><a id = "words_scalpo" href = "#words_s">scalpō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_scando" id = "words_scando" href = +<b><a id = "words_scando" href = "#words_s">scandō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_scilicet" id = "words_scilicet" href = +<b><a id = "words_scilicet" href = "#words_s">scīlicet</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec712">712</a>;</p> <p>in answers, <a href = "#sec1512">1512</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_scindo" id = "words_scindo" href = +<b><a id = "words_scindo" href = "#words_s">scindō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec859">859</a>, <a href = "#sec860">860</a>, <a href = "#sec2435">2435</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec934">934</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page577" id = "page577"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page577"> 577</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_scio" id = "words_scio" href = +<b><a id = "words_scio" href = "#words_s">sciō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec837">837</a>;</p> <p>imper. of, <a href = "#sec846">846</a>;</p> @@ -78324,45 +78314,45 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>o</b> shortened, <a href = "#sec2443">2443</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_scirpus" id = "words_scirpus" href = +<b><a id = "words_scirpus" href = "#words_s">scirpus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec408">408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_scisco" id = "words_scisco" href = +<b><a id = "words_scisco" href = "#words_s">scīscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec965">965</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_scribo" id = "words_scribo" href = +<b><a id = "words_scribo" href = "#words_s">scrībō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sculpo" id = "words_sculpo" href = +<b><a id = "words_sculpo" href = "#words_s">sculpō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_seco" id = "words_seco" href = +<b><a id = "words_seco" href = "#words_s">secō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>;</p> <p>compound of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_securis" id = "words_securis" href = +<b><a id = "words_securis" href = "#words_s">secūris</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec520">520</a>, <a href = "#sec550">550</a>, <a href = "#sec554">554</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_securus" id = "words_securus" href = +<b><a id = "words_securus" href = "#words_s">sēcūrus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_secus" id = "words_secus" href = +<b><a id = "words_secus" href = "#words_s">secus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec364">364</a>;</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>;</p> @@ -78373,7 +78363,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> "#sec2118">2118</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sed" id = "words_sed" href = +<b><a id = "words_sed" href = "#words_s">sed</a></b>,</p> <p><b>set</b>, use of, <a href = "#sec1676">1676</a>, <a href = "#sec1679">1679</a>;</p> @@ -78391,95 +78381,95 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>as prep., <a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sedeo" id = "words_sedeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_sedeo" href = "#words_s">sedeō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec862">862</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec997">997</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec997">997</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sedes" id = "words_sedes" href = +<b><a id = "words_sedes" href = "#words_s">sēdēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec476">476</a>, <a href = "#sec566">566</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_seges" id = "words_seges" href = +<b><a id = "words_seges" href = "#words_s">seges</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec572">572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_seleucia" id = "words_seleucia" href = +<b><a id = "words_seleucia" href = "#words_s">Seleucia</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, with in, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sementis" id = "words_sementis" href = +<b><a id = "words_sementis" href = "#words_s">sēmentis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec519">519</a>, <a href = "#sec551">551</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_semis" id = "words_semis" href = +<b><a id = "words_semis" href = "#words_s">sēmis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec539">539</a>;</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_senatus" id = "words_senatus" href = +<b><a id = "words_senatus" href = "#words_s">senātus</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. sing. <b>senātī</b>, <b>senātuos</b>, <a href = "#sec590">590</a>, <a href = "#sec593">593</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_senesco" id = "words_senesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_senesco" href = "#words_s">senēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_senex" id = "words_senex" href = +<b><a id = "words_senex" href = "#words_s">senex</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec353">353</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec500">500</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sentes" id = "words_sentes" href = +<b><a id = "words_sentes" href = "#words_s">sentēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sentio" id = "words_sentio" href = +<b><a id = "words_sentio" href = "#words_s">sentiō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1015">1015</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sepelio" id = "words_sepelio" href = +<b><a id = "words_sepelio" href = "#words_s">sepeliō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1017">1017</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_septemplex" id = "words_septemplex" href = +<b><a id = "words_septemplex" href = "#words_s">septemplex</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_septunx" id = "words_septunx" href = +<b><a id = "words_septunx" href = "#words_s">septunx</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sequor" id = "words_sequor" href = +<b><a id = "words_sequor" href = "#words_s">sequor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec978">978</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_series" id = "words_series" href = +<b><a id = "words_series" href = "#words_s">seriēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec607">607</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sero" id = "words_sero" href = +<b><a id = "words_sero" href = "#words_s">serō</a></b>,</p> <p><i>string</i>, prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> @@ -78497,29 +78487,29 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p><b>satus</b> with abl., <a href = "#sec1312">1312</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sestertius" id = "words_sestertius" href = +<b><a id = "words_sestertius" href = "#words_s">sēstertius</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. plur. of, <a href = "#sec462">462</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_setius" id = "words_setius" href = +<b><a id = "words_setius" href = "#words_s">sētius</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec364">364</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quō</b>, <a href = "#sec1979">1979</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_seu" id = "words_seu" href = +<b><a id = "words_seu" href = "#words_s">seu</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_sive">sīve</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sextans" id = "words_sextans" href = +<b><a id = "words_sextans" href = "#words_s">sextāns</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>;</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_si" id = "words_si" href = +<b><a id = "words_si" href = "#words_s">sī</a></b>,</p> <p><b>sei</b>, adv., <a href = "#sec708">708</a>;</p> <p>with wishes, <a href = "#sec1546">1546</a>;</p> @@ -78554,7 +78544,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> "#sec2388">2388</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sic" id = "words_sic" href = +<b><a id = "words_sic" href = "#words_s">sīc</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec113">113</a>, <a href = "#sec2015">2015</a>;</p> @@ -78573,71 +78563,71 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2176">2176</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sicubi" id = "words_sicubi" href = +<b><a id = "words_sicubi" href = "#words_s">sīcubi</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129_2">129, 2</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec129">129</a>, <a href = "#sec709">709</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sicunde" id = "words_sicunde" href = +<b><a id = "words_sicunde" href = "#words_s">sīcunde</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec146">146</a>, <a href = "#sec710">710</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sicut" id = "words_sicut" href = +<b><a id = "words_sicut" href = "#words_s">sīcut</a></b>,</p> <p>after <b>quamvīs</b>, <a href = "#sec1905">1905</a>;</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>;</p> <p>meaning <i>since</i>, <a href = "#sec1946">1946</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sicuti" id = "words_sicuti" href = +<b><a id = "words_sicuti" href = "#words_s">sīcuti</a></b>,</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2445">2445</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sicyoni" id = "words_sicyoni" href = +<b><a id = "words_sicyoni" href = "#words_s">Sicyōnī</a></b>,</p> <p><b>Sicyōne</b>, <a href = "#sec1331">1331</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sido" id = "words_sido" href = +<b><a id = "words_sido" href = "#words_s">sīdō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec943">943</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sileo" id = "words_sileo" href = +<b><a id = "words_sileo" href = "#words_s">sileō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_silex" id = "words_silex" href = +<b><a id = "words_silex" href = "#words_s">silex</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_similis" id = "words_similis" href = +<b><a id = "words_similis" href = "#words_s">similis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec345">345</a>;</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1204">1204</a>;</p> <p>agreeing with abl. of quality, <a href = "#sec1240">1240</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_similiter" id = "words_similiter" href = +<b><a id = "words_similiter" href = "#words_s">similiter</a></b>,</p> <p>correlative of <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>;</p> <p>correlative of <b>quasi</b>, <b>tamquam sī</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec2118">2118</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_simplex" id = "words_simplex" href = +<b><a id = "words_simplex" href = "#words_s">simplex</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_simul" id = "words_simul" href = +<b><a id = "words_simul" href = "#words_s">simul</a></b>,</p> <p>as adv. and prep., <a href = "#sec701">701</a>, <a href = "#sec1421">1421</a>;</p> @@ -78651,11 +78641,11 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1613">1613</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sin" id = "words_sin" href = "#words_s">sīn</a></b>, +<b><a id = "words_sin" href = "#words_s">sīn</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2021">2021</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sine" id = "words_sine" href = +<b><a id = "words_sine" href = "#words_s">sine</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1417">1417</a>;</p> <p>with abl. proper, <a href = "#sec1297">1297</a>;</p> @@ -78666,7 +78656,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> "#sec2267">2267</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sino" id = "words_sino" href = +<b><a id = "words_sino" href = "#words_s">sinō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec893">893</a>, @@ -78678,10 +78668,10 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2198">2198</a>;</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2201">2201</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page578" id = "page578"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page578"> 578</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sis" id = "words_sis" href = "#words_s">sīs</a></b> +<b><a id = "words_sis" href = "#words_s">sīs</a></b> (for <b>sī vīs</b>), <a href = "#sec774">774</a>;</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>;</p> <p>parenthetical, <a href = "#sec2113">2113</a>.</p> @@ -78691,7 +78681,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>determinative pron., <a href = "#sec675">675</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sisto" id = "words_sisto" href = +<b><a id = "words_sisto" href = "#words_s">sistō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec744">744</a>, <a href = "#sec758">758</a>;</p> @@ -78707,14 +78697,14 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec922">922</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sitis" id = "words_sitis" href = +<b><a id = "words_sitis" href = "#words_s">sitis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec518">518</a>, <a href = "#sec548">548</a>, <a href = "#sec554">554</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sive" id = "words_sive" href = +<b><a id = "words_sive" href = "#words_s">sīve</a></b>,</p> <p>conjunction, use of, <a href = "#sec1667">1667</a>, <a href = "#sec1672">1672</a>, @@ -78724,34 +78714,34 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_si">sī</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_societas" id = "words_societas" href = +<b><a id = "words_societas" href = "#words_s">societās</a></b>,</p> <p>formation, <a href = "#sec103">103, <i>a</i></a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_socors" id = "words_socors" href = +<b><a id = "words_socors" href = "#words_s">sōcors</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sodes" id = "words_sodes" href = +<b><a id = "words_sodes" href = "#words_s">sōdēs</a></b>,</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_soleo" id = "words_soleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_soleo" href = "#words_s">soleō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec801">801</a>, <a href = "#sec1488">1488</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_solum" id = "words_solum" href = +<b><a id = "words_solum" href = "#words_s">sōlum</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nōn</b>, <a href = "#sec1680">1680</a>, <a href = "#sec1682">1682</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_solus" id = "words_solus" href = +<b><a id = "words_solus" href = "#words_s">sōlus</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. sing. of, 126, 6; <a href = "#sec618">618-620</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec618">618-620</a>;</p> @@ -78760,14 +78750,14 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p><b>sōlus est quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_solvo" id = "words_solvo" href = +<b><a id = "words_solvo" href = "#words_s">solvō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sono" id = "words_sono" href = +<b><a id = "words_sono" href = "#words_s">sonō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec820">820</a>;</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> @@ -78775,77 +78765,77 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>compound of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sorbeo" id = "words_sorbeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_sorbeo" href = "#words_s">sorbeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sors" id = "words_sors" href = +<b><a id = "words_sors" href = "#words_s">sors</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>, <a href = "#sec543">543</a>, <a href = "#sec556">556</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sortior" id = "words_sortior" href = +<b><a id = "words_sortior" href = "#words_s">sortior</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1021">1021</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sos" id = "words_sos" href = +<b><a id = "words_sos" href = "#words_s">sōs</a></b>,</p> <p>determinative pron., <a href = "#sec675">675</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sospes" id = "words_sospes" href = +<b><a id = "words_sospes" href = "#words_s">sōspes</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>, <a href = "#sec624">624</a>, <a href = "#sec625">625</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_spargo" id = "words_spargo" href = +<b><a id = "words_spargo" href = "#words_s">spargō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sparta" id = "words_sparta" href = +<b><a id = "words_sparta" href = "#words_s">Sparta</a></b>,</p> <p>abl. of, with <b>in</b>, <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_spatium" id = "words_spatium" href = +<b><a id = "words_spatium" href = "#words_s">spatium</a></b>,</p> <p>use of abl. of, <a href = "#sec1399">1399</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_species" id = "words_species" href = +<b><a id = "words_species" href = "#words_s">speciēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec606">606</a>, <a href = "#sec607">607</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_specio" id = "words_specio" href = +<b><a id = "words_specio" href = "#words_s">speciō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>spiciō</b>, pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec836">836</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec956">956</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_specus" id = "words_specus" href = +<b><a id = "words_specus" href = "#words_s">specus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec588">588</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec592">592</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sperno" id = "words_sperno" href = +<b><a id = "words_sperno" href = "#words_s">spernō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec964">964</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_spero" id = "words_spero" href = +<b><a id = "words_spero" href = "#words_s">spērō</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2175">2175</a>, <a href = "#sec2186">2186</a>;</p> @@ -78853,7 +78843,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>with pres. infin., <a href = "#sec2236">2236</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_spes" id = "words_spes" href = +<b><a id = "words_spes" href = "#words_s">spēs</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec600">600</a>, <a href = "#sec602">602</a>;</p> @@ -78864,13 +78854,13 @@ est</a></b>,</p> "#sec2495">2495</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_spolio" id = "words_spolio" href = +<b><a id = "words_spolio" href = "#words_s">spoliō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_spondeo" id = "words_spondeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_spondeo" href = "#words_s">spondeō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec173_2">173, 2</a>; <a href = "#sec859">859</a>;</p> @@ -78878,23 +78868,23 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_spuo" id = "words_spuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_spuo" href = "#words_s">spuō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_squaleo" id = "words_squaleo" href = +<b><a id = "words_squaleo" href = "#words_s">squāleō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sta" id = "words_sta" href = +<b><a id = "words_sta" href = "#words_s">sta</a></b>,</p> <p><b>stūc</b> (for <b>ista</b>, <b>istūc</b>), <a href = "#sec667">667</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_statuo" id = "words_statuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_statuo" href = "#words_s">statuō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec367">367</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> @@ -78905,33 +78895,33 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec1954">1954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sterno" id = "words_sterno" href = +<b><a id = "words_sterno" href = "#words_s">sternō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec964">964</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sternuo" id = "words_sternuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_sternuo" href = "#words_s">sternuō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec948">948</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sterto" id = "words_sterto" href = +<b><a id = "words_sterto" href = "#words_s">stertō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_stinguo" id = "words_stinguo" href = +<b><a id = "words_stinguo" href = "#words_s">stinguō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_stirps" id = "words_stirps" href = +<b><a id = "words_stirps" href = "#words_s">stirps</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sto" id = "words_sto" href = +<b><a id = "words_sto" href = "#words_s">stō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec837">837</a>;</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec173_2">173, 2</a>; @@ -78949,30 +78939,30 @@ est</a></b>,</p> "#sec2495">2495</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_strepo" id = "words_strepo" href = +<b><a id = "words_strepo" href = "#words_s">strepō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_strideo" id = "words_strideo" href = +<b><a id = "words_strideo" href = "#words_s">strīdeō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec862">862</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec997">997</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_strigilis" id = "words_strigilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_strigilis" href = "#words_s">strigilis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec519">519</a>, <a href = "#sec551">551</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_stringo" id = "words_stringo" href = +<b><a id = "words_stringo" href = "#words_s">stringō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_struo" id = "words_struo" href = +<b><a id = "words_struo" href = "#words_s">struō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec164">164, 1</a>; <a href = "#sec865">865</a>, @@ -78980,7 +78970,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_studeo" id = "words_studeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_studeo" href = "#words_s">studeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1951">1951</a>;</p> @@ -78988,28 +78978,28 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2190">2190</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_studiosus" id = "words_studiosus" href = +<b><a id = "words_studiosus" href = "#words_s">studiōsus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen. of gerundive construction or gerund, <a href = "#sec2258">2258</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_stupeo" id = "words_stupeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_stupeo" href = "#words_s">stupeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_stupesco" id = "words_stupesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_stupesco" href = "#words_s">stupēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_styx" id = "words_styx" href = +<b><a id = "words_styx" href = "#words_s">Styx</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec406">406</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_suadeo" id = "words_suadeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_suadeo" href = "#words_s">suādeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>;</p> <p>with subjv. coordinated, <a href = "#sec1712">1712</a>;</p> @@ -79017,7 +79007,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc. and infin., <a href = "#sec2195">2195</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sub" id = "words_sub" href = +<b><a id = "words_sub" href = "#words_s">sub</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec164_2">164, 2</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1188">1188</a>, @@ -79032,53 +79022,53 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1423">1423</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_subcumbo" id = "words_subcumbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_subcumbo" href = "#words_s">subcumbō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec974">974</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_subinde" id = "words_subinde" href = +<b><a id = "words_subinde" href = "#words_s">subinde</a></b>,</p> <p>pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_subito" id = "words_subito" href = +<b><a id = "words_subito" href = "#words_s">subitō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1869">1869</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_subrepsit" id = "words_subrepsit" href = +<b><a id = "words_subrepsit" href = "#words_s">subrepsit</a></b>, <a href = "#sec975">975</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_subrupio" id = "words_subrupio" href = +<b><a id = "words_subrupio" href = "#words_s">subrupiō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec975">975</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_subter" id = "words_subter" href = +<b><a id = "words_subter" href = "#words_s">subter</a></b>,</p> <p>with acc., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1416">1416</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_subtundo" id = "words_subtundo" href = +<b><a id = "words_subtundo" href = "#words_s">subtundō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec931">931</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_suesco" id = "words_suesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_suesco" href = "#words_s">suēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec871">871</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sugo" id = "words_sugo" href = +<b><a id = "words_sugo" href = "#words_s">sūgō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sui" id = "words_sui" href = +<b><a id = "words_sui" href = "#words_s">suī</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec644">644-651</a>;</p> <p>use of gen. of, <a href = "#sec1234">1234</a>;</p> @@ -79102,22 +79092,22 @@ expressing reciprocal relations, <a href = "#sec2344">2344</a>, <p><b>ipse</b> standing for, <a href = "#sec2377">2377</a>;</p> <p><b>sē quisque</b>, <a href = "#sec2397">2397</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page579" id = "page579"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page579"> 579</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sulla" id = "words_sulla" href = +<b><a id = "words_sulla" href = "#words_s">Sūlla</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec274">274</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sultis" id = "words_sultis" href = +<b><a id = "words_sultis" href = "#words_s">sultis</a></b> (for <b>sī voltis</b>), <a href = "#sec774">774</a>;</p> <p>with imper., <a href = "#sec1572">1572</a>;</p> <p>parenthetical, <a href = "#sec2113">2113</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sum" id = "words_sum" href = +<b><a id = "words_sum" href = "#words_s">sum</a></b>,</p> <p>form <b>esum</b>, <a href = "#sec746">746</a>;</p> <p>conjugation of, <a href = "#sec744">744</a>, @@ -79214,35 +79204,35 @@ fuisse ut</b> in conditional apodoses in ind. disc., <a href = <p>pron., <a href = "#sec675">675</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_summus" id = "words_summus" href = +<b><a id = "words_summus" href = "#words_s">summus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec352">352</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>;</p> <p>with partitive meaning, <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sumo" id = "words_sumo" href = +<b><a id = "words_sumo" href = "#words_s">sūmō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sunium" id = "words_sunium" href = +<b><a id = "words_sunium" href = "#words_s">Sūnium</a></b>,</p> <p>in loc., <a href = "#sec1334">1334</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_suo" id = "words_suo" href = +<b><a id = "words_suo" href = "#words_s">suō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_supellex" id = "words_supellex" href = +<b><a id = "words_supellex" href = "#words_s">supellēx</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec545">545</a>, <a href = "#sec556">556</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_super" id = "words_super" href = +<b><a id = "words_super" href = "#words_s">super</a></b>,</p> <p>compounds of, with dat., <a href = "#sec1188">1188</a>, <a href = "#sec1189">1189</a>, @@ -79263,99 +79253,99 @@ fuisse ut</b> in conditional apodoses in ind. disc., <a href = "#sec2267">2267</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_supera" id = "words_supera" href = +<b><a id = "words_supera" href = "#words_s">supera</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_superbio" id = "words_superbio" href = +<b><a id = "words_superbio" href = "#words_s">superbiō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec810">810</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_superfit" id = "words_superfit" href = +<b><a id = "words_superfit" href = "#words_s">superfit</a></b>,</p> <p>&c., <a href = "#sec790">790</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_superi" id = "words_superi" href = +<b><a id = "words_superi" href = "#words_s">superī</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec347">347</a>; no sing., <a href = "#sec417">417</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_superior" id = "words_superior" href = +<b><a id = "words_superior" href = "#words_s">superior</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_superne" id = "words_superne" href = +<b><a id = "words_superne" href = "#words_s">superne</a></b>,</p> <p>with short final vowel, <a href = "#sec2440">2440</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_supersedeo" id = "words_supersedeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_supersedeo" href = "#words_s">supersedeō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_superstes" id = "words_superstes" href = +<b><a id = "words_superstes" href = "#words_s">superstes</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec477">477</a>, <a href = "#sec624">624</a>, <a href = "#sec625">625</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_supplex" id = "words_supplex" href = +<b><a id = "words_supplex" href = "#words_s">supplex</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_supra" id = "words_supra" href = +<b><a id = "words_supra" href = "#words_s">suprā</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>;</p> <p><b>suprā quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1894">1894</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_supremus" id = "words_supremus" href = +<b><a id = "words_supremus" href = "#words_s">suprēmus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec352">352</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec356">356</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_surgo" id = "words_surgo" href = +<b><a id = "words_surgo" href = "#words_s">surgō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>surrigō</b>, prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_surpuit" id = "words_surpuit" href = +<b><a id = "words_surpuit" href = "#words_s">surpuit</a></b>,</p> <p>&c., <a href = "#sec975">975</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_sus" id = "words_sus" href = +<b><a id = "words_sus" href = "#words_s">sūs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec494">494</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_suscenseo" id = "words_suscenseo" href = +<b><a id = "words_suscenseo" href = "#words_s">suscēnseō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>quod</b>, <b>quia</b>, <b>quom</b>, <a href = "#sec1851">1851</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_suscipio" id = "words_suscipio" href = +<b><a id = "words_suscipio" href = "#words_s">suscipiō</a></b>,</p> <p>with gerundive, <a href = "#sec2250">2250</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_susque" id = "words_susque" href = "#words_s">susque +<b><a id = "words_susque" href = "#words_s">susque dēque</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1408">1408</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_suus" id = "words_suus" href = +<b><a id = "words_suus" href = "#words_s">suus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec107">107, <i>c</i></a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec652">652-655</a>;</p> @@ -79376,7 +79366,7 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p><b>suus quisque</b>, <a href = "#sec2397">2397</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_t" id = "words_t" href = "#words">T</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_t" href = "#words">T</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>t</b>,</p> @@ -79397,23 +79387,23 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> "#sec2432">2432</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tabes" id = "words_tabes" href = +<b><a id = "words_tabes" href = "#words_t">tābēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec523">523</a>, <a href = "#sec603">603</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tabesco" id = "words_tabesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_tabesco" href = "#words_t">tābēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_taceo" id = "words_taceo" href = +<b><a id = "words_taceo" href = "#words_t">taceō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_taedet" id = "words_taedet" href = +<b><a id = "words_taedet" href = "#words_t">taedet</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec815">815</a>;</p> <p>impersonal, <a href = "#sec1034">1034</a>;</p> @@ -79421,18 +79411,18 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p>used personally, <a href = "#sec1284">1284</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tago" id = "words_tago" href = +<b><a id = "words_tago" href = "#words_t">tagō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec925">925</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_talentum" id = "words_talentum" href = +<b><a id = "words_talentum" href = "#words_t">talentum</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. plur. of, <a href = "#sec462">462</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page580" id = "page580"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page580"> 580</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_talis" id = "words_talis" href = +<b><a id = "words_talis" href = "#words_t">tālis</a></b>,</p> <p>followed by rel. sentence of result, <a href = "#sec1818">1818</a>;</p> @@ -79441,12 +79431,12 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> "#sec1970">1970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_talpa" id = "words_talpa" href = +<b><a id = "words_talpa" href = "#words_t">talpa</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec433">433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tam" id = "words_tam" href = +<b><a id = "words_tam" href = "#words_t">tam</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec702">702</a>;</p> <p><b>tam . . . quam</b>, correlatives, <a href = @@ -79460,14 +79450,14 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p>preceding <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1988">1988</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tamdiu" id = "words_tamdiu" href = +<b><a id = "words_tamdiu" href = "#words_t">tamdiū</a></b>,</p> <p>correlative of <b>dum</b>, <b>quoad</b>, <b>quamdiū</b>, <b>quam</b>, <b>dōnec</b>, <a href = "#sec1999">1999</a>, <a href = "#sec2004">2004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tamen" id = "words_tamen" href = +<b><a id = "words_tamen" href = "#words_t">tamen</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl. abs., <a href = "#sec1374">1374</a>;</p> <p>common use of, <a href = "#sec1676">1676</a>, @@ -79485,17 +79475,17 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> "#sec2295">2295</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tamenetsi" id = "words_tamenetsi" href = +<b><a id = "words_tamenetsi" href = "#words_t">tamenetsī</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2116">2116</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tametsi" id = "words_tametsi" href = +<b><a id = "words_tametsi" href = "#words_t">tametsī</a></b>,</p> <p>concessive, <a href = "#sec2116">2116</a>;</p> <p>coordinating, <a href = "#sec2153">2153</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tamquam" id = "words_tamquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_tamquam" href = "#words_t">tamquam</a></b>,</p> <p>in periods of comparison, <a href = "#sec1908">1908</a>;</p> <p>introducing reason, <a href = "#sec1909">1909</a>;</p> @@ -79503,29 +79493,29 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> "#sec2117">2117-2121</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tandem" id = "words_tandem" href = +<b><a id = "words_tandem" href = "#words_t">tandem</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec164_3">164, 3</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tango" id = "words_tango" href = +<b><a id = "words_tango" href = "#words_t">tangō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec925">925</a>;</p> <p>forms <b>tagō</b>, &c., <a href = "#sec925">925</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec925">925</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tantisper" id = "words_tantisper" href = +<b><a id = "words_tantisper" href = "#words_t">tantisper</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1999">1999</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tantopere" id = "words_tantopere" href = +<b><a id = "words_tantopere" href = "#words_t">tantopere</a></b>,</p> <p>correlative of <b>ut</b>, <b>ut nōn</b>, <a href = "#sec1970">1970</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tantum" id = "words_tantum" href = +<b><a id = "words_tantum" href = "#words_t">tantum</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nōn</b>, <a href = "#sec1680">1680</a>;</p> <p><b>quantum . . . tantum</b>, <a href = "#sec1831">1831</a>;</p> @@ -79535,16 +79525,16 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> "#sec1999">1999</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tantummodo" id = "words_tantummodo" href = +<b><a id = "words_tantummodo" href = "#words_t">tantummodo</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1999">1999</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tantundem" id = "words_tantundem" href = +<b><a id = "words_tantundem" href = "#words_t">tantundem</a></b>,</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tantus" id = "words_tantus" href = +<b><a id = "words_tantus" href = "#words_t">tantus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec147">147</a>;</p> <p><b>tantum</b> with gen., <a href = "#sec1248">1248</a>, @@ -79558,42 +79548,42 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p>preceding <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1988">1988</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_teges" id = "words_teges" href = +<b><a id = "words_teges" href = "#words_t">teges</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec572">572</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tego" id = "words_tego" href = +<b><a id = "words_tego" href = "#words_t">tegō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec900">900</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_temno" id = "words_temno" href = +<b><a id = "words_temno" href = "#words_t">temnō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>;</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec833">833</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec955">955</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_temperi" id = "words_temperi" href = +<b><a id = "words_temperi" href = "#words_t">temperī</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec364">364</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tempero" id = "words_tempero" href = +<b><a id = "words_tempero" href = "#words_t">temperō</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>;</p> <p>with <b>quīn</b>, <a href = "#sec1986">1986</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tempto" id = "words_tempto" href = +<b><a id = "words_tempto" href = "#words_t">temptō</a></b>,</p> <p>with purpose clause, <a href = "#sec1951">1951</a>;</p> <p>with infin., <a href = "#sec1953">1953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tendo" id = "words_tendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_tendo" href = "#words_t">tendō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec924">924</a>;</p> <p>form of <b>tennitur</b>, <a href = "#sec166_4">166, 4</a>; @@ -79602,7 +79592,7 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p>with perf. infin., <a href = "#sec2225">2225</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_teneo" id = "words_teneo" href = +<b><a id = "words_teneo" href = "#words_t">teneō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> @@ -79614,7 +79604,7 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> "#sec2220">2220</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tenus" id = "words_tenus" href = +<b><a id = "words_tenus" href = "#words_t">tenus</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl. proper, <a href = "#sec1297">1297</a>, <a href = "#sec1420">1420</a>;</p> @@ -79623,78 +79613,78 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1420">1420</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tepesco" id = "words_tepesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_tepesco" href = "#words_t">tepēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ter" id = "words_ter" href = +<b><a id = "words_ter" href = "#words_t">ter</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_teres" id = "words_teres" href = +<b><a id = "words_teres" href = "#words_t">teres</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec533">533</a>, <a href = "#sec559">559</a>, <a href = "#sec635">635</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tergeo" id = "words_tergeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_tergeo" href = "#words_t">tergeō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>tergō</b>, forms of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tero" id = "words_tero" href = +<b><a id = "words_tero" href = "#words_t">terō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec963">963</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_terreo" id = "words_terreo" href = +<b><a id = "words_terreo" href = "#words_t">terreō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>;</p> <p>with <b>sī</b>, <a href = "#sec2068">2068</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_terunci" id = "words_terunci" href = +<b><a id = "words_terunci" href = "#words_t">teruncī</a></b>,</p> <p>as gen. of value, <a href = "#sec1272">1272</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_texo" id = "words_texo" href = +<b><a id = "words_texo" href = "#words_t">texō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_th" id = "words_th" href = +<b><a id = "words_th" href = "#words_t">th</a></b>,</p> <p>sound of, <a href = "#sec72">72</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec19">19</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tiberis" id = "words_tiberis" href = +<b><a id = "words_tiberis" href = "#words_t">Tiberis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec518">518</a>, <a href = "#sec549">549</a>, <a href = "#sec554">554</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_timeo" id = "words_timeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_timeo" href = "#words_t">timeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ut</b>, <a href = "#sec1957">1957</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tingo" id = "words_tingo" href = +<b><a id = "words_tingo" href = "#words_t">tingō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tis" id = "words_tis" href = "#words_t">tīs</a></b>, +<b><a id = "words_tis" href = "#words_t">tīs</a></b>, <a href = "#sec646">646</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tollo" id = "words_tollo" href = +<b><a id = "words_tollo" href = "#words_t">tollō</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec166_6">166, 6</a>; <a href = "#sec833">833</a>;</p> @@ -79702,41 +79692,41 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec926">926</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tondeo" id = "words_tondeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_tondeo" href = "#words_t">tondeō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec859">859</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec995">995</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tono" id = "words_tono" href = +<b><a id = "words_tono" href = "#words_t">tonō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>;</p> <p><b>tonat</b>, defective, <a href = "#sec815">815</a>;</p> <p><b>tonat</b>, impersonal, <a href = "#sec1034">1034</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_torpesco" id = "words_torpesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_torpesco" href = "#words_t">torpēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_torqueo" id = "words_torqueo" href = +<b><a id = "words_torqueo" href = "#words_t">torqueō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec999">999</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_torquis" id = "words_torquis" href = +<b><a id = "words_torquis" href = "#words_t">torquis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_torreo" id = "words_torreo" href = +<b><a id = "words_torreo" href = "#words_t">torreō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1004">1004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tot" id = "words_tot" href = +<b><a id = "words_tot" href = "#words_t">tot</a></b>,</p> <p>indeclinable, <a href = "#sec431">431</a>;</p> <p>as adj., <a href = "#sec431">431</a>;</p> @@ -79744,7 +79734,7 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p><b>tot . . . quot</b>, <a href = "#sec1831">1831</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_totidem" id = "words_totidem" href = +<b><a id = "words_totidem" href = "#words_t">totidem</a></b>,</p> <p>not used partitively, <a href = "#sec1244">1244</a>.</p> @@ -79753,7 +79743,7 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1886">1886</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_totus" id = "words_totus" href = +<b><a id = "words_totus" href = "#words_t">tōtus</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. sing. of, <a href = "#sec127_6">127, 6</a>; <a href = "#sec618">618-620</a>;</p> @@ -79765,17 +79755,17 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> "#sec2215">2215</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tradux" id = "words_tradux" href = +<b><a id = "words_tradux" href = "#words_t">trādux</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec581">581</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_traho" id = "words_traho" href = +<b><a id = "words_traho" href = "#words_t">trahō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_trans" id = "words_trans" href = +<b><a id = "words_trans" href = "#words_t">trāns</a></b>,</p> <p>compounds of, with acc., <a href = "#sec1137">1137</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, with double acc., <a href = "#sec1138">1138</a>;</p> @@ -79783,60 +79773,60 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tremisco" id = "words_tremisco" href = +<b><a id = "words_tremisco" href = "#words_t">tremīscō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>tremēscō</b>, prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>, <a href = "#sec834">834</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tremo" id = "words_tremo" href = +<b><a id = "words_tremo" href = "#words_t">tremō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tres" id = "words_tres" href = +<b><a id = "words_tres" href = "#words_t">trēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec639">639</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ex</b> or <b>dē</b>, <a href = "#sec1246">1246</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tribuo" id = "words_tribuo" href = +<b><a id = "words_tribuo" href = "#words_t">tribuō</a></b>, <a href = "#sec367">367</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>;</p> <p><b>nōmen tribuō</b>, case with, <a href = "#sec1214">1214</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tribus" id = "words_tribus" href = +<b><a id = "words_tribus" href = "#words_t">tribus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec588">588</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec592">592</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_triens" id = "words_triens" href = +<b><a id = "words_triens" href = "#words_t">triēns</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec580">580</a>;</p> <p>meaning of, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page581" id = "page581"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page581"> 581</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_triplex" id = "words_triplex" href = +<b><a id = "words_triplex" href = "#words_t">triplex</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_trudo" id = "words_trudo" href = +<b><a id = "words_trudo" href = "#words_t">trūdō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_trux" id = "words_trux" href = +<b><a id = "words_trux" href = "#words_t">trux</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec531">531</a>, <a href = "#sec635">635</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tu" id = "words_tu" href = +<b><a id = "words_tu" href = "#words_t">tū</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec644">644-651</a>;</p> <p>when expressed, <a href = "#sec1029">1029</a>;</p> @@ -79859,17 +79849,17 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> "#sec2344">2344</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tuber" id = "words_tuber" href = +<b><a id = "words_tuber" href = "#words_t">tūber</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tueor" id = "words_tueor" href = +<b><a id = "words_tueor" href = "#words_t">tueor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1009">1009</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tum" id = "words_tum" href = +<b><a id = "words_tum" href = "#words_t">tum</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec701">701</a>, <a href = "#sec1156">1156</a>;</p> @@ -79884,48 +79874,48 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec2018">2018</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tumesco" id = "words_tumesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_tumesco" href = "#words_t">tumēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tundo" id = "words_tundo" href = +<b><a id = "words_tundo" href = "#words_t">tundō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec931">931</a>;</p> <p>compounds of, <a href = "#sec931">931</a>;</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec2435">2435</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_turbo" id = "words_turbo" href = +<b><a id = "words_turbo" href = "#words_t">turbō</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec574">574</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_turgeo" id = "words_turgeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_turgeo" href = "#words_t">turgeō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_turris" id = "words_turris" href = +<b><a id = "words_turris" href = "#words_t">turris</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec517">517</a>, <a href = "#sec550">550</a>, <a href = "#sec555">555</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tussio" id = "words_tussio" href = +<b><a id = "words_tussio" href = "#words_t">tussiō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec810">810</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tussis" id = "words_tussis" href = +<b><a id = "words_tussis" href = "#words_t">tussis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec517">517</a>, <a href = "#sec548">548</a>, <a href = "#sec554">554</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_tuus" id = "words_tuus" href = +<b><a id = "words_tuus" href = "#words_t">tuus</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec652">652-655</a>;</p> <p><b>tuā</b> with <b>rēfert</b>, <b>interest</b>, <a href = @@ -79936,7 +79926,7 @@ discourse, <a href = "#sec2325">2325</a>;</p> <a href = "#sec1262">1262</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_u" id = "words_u" href = "#words">U</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_u" href = "#words">U</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>u</b>,</p> @@ -79980,7 +79970,7 @@ to <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, <p>from <b>oi</b>, <b>oe</b>, <a href = "#sec99">99</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_uber" id = "words_uber" href = +<b><a id = "words_uber" href = "#words_u">ūber</a></b>,</p> <p><i>udder</i>, gender of, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> @@ -79990,7 +79980,7 @@ to <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, <a href = "#sec636">636</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ubi" id = "words_ubi" href = +<b><a id = "words_ubi" href = "#words_u">ubī̆</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129">129</a>, <a href = "#sec2446">2446</a>;</p> @@ -80011,39 +80001,39 @@ to <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, <p>introducing conditional prot., <a href = "#sec2110">2110</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ubicumque" id = "words_ubicumque" href = +<b><a id = "words_ubicumque" href = "#words_u">ubicumque</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129_2">129, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ubinam" id = "words_ubinam" href = +<b><a id = "words_ubinam" href = "#words_u">ubinam</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129_2">129, 2</a>;</p> <p>with partitive gen., <a href = "#sec1253">1253</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ubique" id = "words_ubique" href = +<b><a id = "words_ubique" href = "#words_u">ubīque</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129_2">129, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ubivis" id = "words_ubivis" href = +<b><a id = "words_ubivis" href = "#words_u">ubivīs</a></b>,</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec129_2">129, 2</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ui" id = "words_ui" href = +<b><a id = "words_ui" href = "#words_u">ui</a></b>,</p> <p>diphthong, pronunciation of, <a href = "#sec49">49</a>;</p> <p>monophthong, <a href = "#sec95">95</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ulciscor" id = "words_ulciscor" href = +<b><a id = "words_ulciscor" href = "#words_u">ulcīscor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec980">980</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ullus" id = "words_ullus" href = +<b><a id = "words_ullus" href = "#words_u">ūllus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec274">274</a>;</p> <p>gen. sing. of, <a href = "#sec162">162</a>, @@ -80054,26 +80044,26 @@ to <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, <a href = "#sec2403">2403</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_uls" id = "words_uls" href = +<b><a id = "words_uls" href = "#words_u">ūls</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ulterior" id = "words_ulterior" href = +<b><a id = "words_ulterior" href = "#words_u">ulterior</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec348">348</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ultimus" id = "words_ultimus" href = +<b><a id = "words_ultimus" href = "#words_u">ultimus</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec351">351</a>;</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec357">357</a>;</p> <p>with partitive meaning, <a href = "#sec1249">1249</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ultra" id = "words_ultra" href = +<b><a id = "words_ultra" href = "#words_u">ultrā</a></b>,</p> <p>prep. and adv., <a href = "#sec1410">1410</a>, <a href = "#sec1412">1412</a>;</p> @@ -80081,22 +80071,22 @@ to <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, <p><b>ultrā quam</b>, <a href = "#sec1894">1894</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_umeo" id = "words_umeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_umeo" href = "#words_u">ūmeō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec809">809</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_umquam" id = "words_umquam" href = +<b><a id = "words_umquam" href = "#words_u">umquam</a></b>,</p> <p>with <b>haud</b>, <a href = "#sec1449">1449</a>;</p> <p>with <b>ēn</b> in questions, <a href = "#sec1509">1509</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_uncia" id = "words_uncia" href = +<b><a id = "words_uncia" href = "#words_u">uncia</a></b>, <a href = "#sec2427">2427</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_unde" id = "words_unde" href = +<b><a id = "words_unde" href = "#words_u">unde</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec146">146</a>, <a href = "#sec710">710</a>;</p> @@ -80107,18 +80097,18 @@ to <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, <p>first syllable of, shortened, <a href = "#sec2469">2469</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_unguis" id = "words_unguis" href = +<b><a id = "words_unguis" href = "#words_u">unguis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec556">556</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_unguo" id = "words_unguo" href = +<b><a id = "words_unguo" href = "#words_u">unguō</a></b> (<b>ungō</b>), prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec954">954</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_unus" id = "words_unus" href = +<b><a id = "words_unus" href = "#words_u">ūnus</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec87">87</a>;</p> <p>gen. sing. of, <a href = "#sec127_6">127, 6</a>; @@ -80134,12 +80124,12 @@ to <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, <p><b>unus est quī</b>, <a href = "#sec1822">1822</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_unusquisque" id = "words_unusquisque" href = +<b><a id = "words_unusquisque" href = "#words_u">ūnusquisque</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec692">692</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_urbs" id = "words_urbs" href = +<b><a id = "words_urbs" href = "#words_u">urbs</a></b>,</p> <p>pred. in agreement with, <a href = "#sec1072">1072</a>;</p> <p>acc. of, with <b>in</b> or <b>ad</b>, <a href = @@ -80148,17 +80138,17 @@ to <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, <p><b>urbe</b> and <b>in urbe</b>, <a href = "#sec1333">1333</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_urgeo" id = "words_urgeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_urgeo" href = "#words_u">urgeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1000">1000</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_uro" id = "words_uro" href = +<b><a id = "words_uro" href = "#words_u">ūrō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_usque" id = "words_usque" href = +<b><a id = "words_usque" href = "#words_u">usque</a></b>,</p> <p>as prep., <a href = "#sec1414">1414</a>;</p> <p>correlative of <b>dum</b>, <b>quoad</b>, <b>quamdiū</b>, @@ -80168,7 +80158,7 @@ to <b>i</b>, <a href = "#sec28">28</a>, "#sec2004">2004</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_usus" id = "words_usus" href = "#words_u">ūsus +<b><a id = "words_usus" href = "#words_u">ūsus est</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1379">1379</a>;</p> <p>with partic., <a href = "#sec1382">1382</a>;</p> @@ -80176,10 +80166,10 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>by what authors used, <a href = "#sec1384">1384</a>;</p> <p>with subst. and partic., <a href = "#sec2286">2286</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page582" id = "page582"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page582"> 582</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ut" id = "words_ut" href = +<b><a id = "words_ut" href = "#words_u">ut</a></b>,</p> <p><b>utei</b>, <b>utī</b>, form of, <a href = "#sec1935">1935</a>;</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1254">1254</a>;</p> @@ -80268,7 +80258,7 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec2121">2121</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_uter" id = "words_uter" href = +<b><a id = "words_uter" href = "#words_u">uter</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec146">146</a>;</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec347">347</a>;</p> @@ -80289,18 +80279,18 @@ est</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec525">525</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_utercumque" id = "words_utercumque" href = +<b><a id = "words_utercumque" href = "#words_u">utercumque</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec694">694</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_uterlibet" id = "words_uterlibet" href = +<b><a id = "words_uterlibet" href = "#words_u">uterlibet</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec694">694</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec2401">2401</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_uterque" id = "words_uterque" href = +<b><a id = "words_uterque" href = "#words_u">uterque</a></b>,</p> <p>gen. sing. of, <a href = "#sec127_6">127, 6</a>; <a href = "#sec657">657</a>, @@ -80318,24 +80308,24 @@ same word to express reciprocal relations, <a href = "#sec2400">2400</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_utervis" id = "words_utervis" href = +<b><a id = "words_utervis" href = "#words_u">utervīs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec694">694</a>;</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec2401">2401</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_utilis" id = "words_utilis" href = +<b><a id = "words_utilis" href = "#words_u">ūtilis</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec359">359</a>;</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1201">1201</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_utinam" id = "words_utinam" href = +<b><a id = "words_utinam" href = "#words_u">utinam</a></b>,</p> <p>in wishes, <a href = "#sec1540">1540</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_utor" id = "words_utor" href = +<b><a id = "words_utor" href = "#words_u">ūtor</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec983">983</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1379">1379</a>, @@ -80357,7 +80347,7 @@ same word to express reciprocal relations, <a href = "#sec2388">2388</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_v" id = "words_v" href = "#words">V</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_v" href = "#words">V</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>v</b>,</p> @@ -80372,67 +80362,67 @@ same word to express reciprocal relations, <a href = <p>medial, disappearance of, <a href = "#sec153">153, 1</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vaco" id = "words_vaco" href = +<b><a id = "words_vaco" href = "#words_v">vacō</a></b>,</p> <p>constructions with, <a href = "#sec1303">1303</a>, <a href = "#sec1304">1304</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vacuus" id = "words_vacuus" href = +<b><a id = "words_vacuus" href = "#words_v">vacuus</a></b>,</p> <p>with gen., <a href = "#sec1264">1264</a>;</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>;</p> <p>with prep., <a href = "#sec1306">1306</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vado" id = "words_vado" href = +<b><a id = "words_vado" href = "#words_v">vādō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec958">958</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vae" id = "words_vae" href = +<b><a id = "words_vae" href = "#words_v">vae</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat., <a href = "#sec1206">1206</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vafer" id = "words_vafer" href = +<b><a id = "words_vafer" href = "#words_v">vafer</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vah" id = "words_vah" href = +<b><a id = "words_vah" href = "#words_v">vāh</a></b>,</p> <p>with nom. of exclamation, <a href = "#sec1117">1117</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_valeo" id = "words_valeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_valeo" href = "#words_v">valeō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec905">905</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_valesco" id = "words_valesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_valesco" href = "#words_v">valēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_valles" id = "words_valles" href = +<b><a id = "words_valles" href = "#words_v">vallēs</a></b> (<b>vallis</b>), <a href = "#sec541">541</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vanesco" id = "words_vanesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_vanesco" href = "#words_v">vānēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec976">976</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vannus" id = "words_vannus" href = +<b><a id = "words_vannus" href = "#words_v">vannus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec447">447</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vas" id = "words_vas" href = +<b><a id = "words_vas" href = "#words_v">vas</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec475">475</a>.</p> @@ -80442,13 +80432,13 @@ same word to express reciprocal relations, <a href = <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec578">578</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vates" id = "words_vates" href = +<b><a id = "words_vates" href = "#words_v">vātēs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec478">478</a>, <a href = "#sec566">566</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ve" id = "words_ve" href = +<b><a id = "words_ve" href = "#words_v">ve-</a></b>,</p> <p>enclitic, <a href = "#sec93">93</a>;</p> <p>appended to <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1581">1581</a>, @@ -80460,22 +80450,22 @@ same word to express reciprocal relations, <a href = <p>at end of verse, <a href = "#sec2568">2568</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vecors" id = "words_vecors" href = +<b><a id = "words_vecors" href = "#words_v">vēcors</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec532">532</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vectis" id = "words_vectis" href = +<b><a id = "words_vectis" href = "#words_v">vectis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_veho" id = "words_veho" href = +<b><a id = "words_veho" href = "#words_v">vehō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vel" id = "words_vel" href = +<b><a id = "words_vel" href = "#words_v">vel</a></b>,</p> <p>with superl., <a href = "#sec1466">1466</a>, <a href = "#sec1671">1671</a>;</p> @@ -80490,21 +80480,21 @@ instance</i>, <a href = "#sec1671">1671</a>;</p> <p>quantity, <a href = "#sec2433">2433</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vello" id = "words_vello" href = +<b><a id = "words_vello" href = "#words_v">vellō</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_vollo">vollo</a></b>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page583" id = "page583"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page583"> 583</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_veluti" id = "words_veluti" href = +<b><a id = "words_veluti" href = "#words_v">velutī</a></b>,</p> <p><b>velut</b>, <a href = "#sec1937">1937</a>;</p> <p><b>velut sī</b>, in conditional comparisons, <a href = "#sec2117">2117-2121</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vendo" id = "words_vendo" href = +<b><a id = "words_vendo" href = "#words_v">vēndō</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec395">395</a>;</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec757">757</a>;</p> @@ -80513,7 +80503,7 @@ instance</i>, <a href = "#sec1671">1671</a>;</p> <p><b>vēnum dō</b> used for, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_veneo" id = "words_veneo" href = +<b><a id = "words_veneo" href = "#words_v">vēneō</a></b>,</p> <p>formation of, <a href = "#sec395">395</a>;</p> <p>supplying forms of <b>vēndō</b>, <a href = "#sec757">757</a>, @@ -80522,7 +80512,7 @@ instance</i>, <a href = "#sec1671">1671</a>;</p> <p>followed by <b>ab</b> and abl., <a href = "#sec1318">1318</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_venio" id = "words_venio" href = +<b><a id = "words_venio" href = "#words_v">veniō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec862">862</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1013">1013</a>;</p> @@ -80533,12 +80523,12 @@ instance</i>, <a href = "#sec1671">1671</a>;</p> <p>with supine, <a href = "#sec2271">2271</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_venter" id = "words_venter" href = +<b><a id = "words_venter" href = "#words_v">venter</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec525">525</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_venum" id = "words_venum" href = "#words_v">vēnum +<b><a id = "words_venum" href = "#words_v">vēnum dō</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, for <b>vēndō</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>.</p> @@ -80547,23 +80537,23 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, for <b>vēneō</b>, <a href = "#sec1165">1165</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vepres" id = "words_vepres" href = +<b><a id = "words_vepres" href = "#words_v">veprēs</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_ver" id = "words_ver" href = +<b><a id = "words_ver" href = "#words_v">vēr</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_verberis" id = "words_verberis" href = +<b><a id = "words_verberis" href = "#words_v">verberis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec573">573</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vereor" id = "words_vereor" href = +<b><a id = "words_vereor" href = "#words_v">vereor</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec798">798</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1009">1009</a>;</p> @@ -80577,17 +80567,17 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <p>with indirect question, <a href = "#sec1959">1959</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vergo" id = "words_vergo" href = +<b><a id = "words_vergo" href = "#words_v">vergō</a></b>,</p> <p>defective, <a href = "#sec808">808</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vermis" id = "words_vermis" href = +<b><a id = "words_vermis" href = "#words_v">vermis</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vero" id = "words_vero" href = +<b><a id = "words_vero" href = "#words_v">vērō</a></b>,</p> <p>use of, <a href = "#sec1684">1684</a>;</p> <p>with <b>nisi</b>, <a href = "#sec2020">2020</a>;</p> @@ -80599,34 +80589,34 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1512">1512</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_verro" id = "words_verro" href = +<b><a id = "words_verro" href = "#words_v">verrō</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_vorro">vorrō</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_versicolor" id = "words_versicolor" href = +<b><a id = "words_versicolor" href = "#words_v">versicolor</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec537">537</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_versus" id = "words_versus" href = +<b><a id = "words_versus" href = "#words_v">versus</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1414">1414</a>;</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1414">1414</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_verto" id = "words_verto" href = +<b><a id = "words_verto" href = "#words_v">vertō</a></b> (<b>vortō</b>), prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_veru" id = "words_veru" href = +<b><a id = "words_veru" href = "#words_v">verū</a></b>,</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec586">586</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec592">592</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_verum" id = "words_verum" href = +<b><a id = "words_verum" href = "#words_v">vērum</a></b>,</p> <p>in answers, <a href = "#sec1512">1512</a>;</p> <p>with <b>et</b>, <a href = "#sec1648">1648</a>;</p> @@ -80636,24 +80626,24 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <p>introducing adversative sentence, <a href = "#sec2151">2151</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vescor" id = "words_vescor" href = +<b><a id = "words_vescor" href = "#words_v">vēscor</a></b>,</p> <p>with abl., <a href = "#sec1379">1379</a>;</p> <p>use of gerundive of, <a href = "#sec2244">2244</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vesperascit" id = "words_vesperascit" href = +<b><a id = "words_vesperascit" href = "#words_v">vesperāscit</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec968">968</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vesperi" id = "words_vesperi" href = +<b><a id = "words_vesperi" href = "#words_v">vesperī</a></b>,</p> <p><b>vespere</b>, use of, <a href = "#sec703">703</a>, <a href = "#sec1341">1341</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vester" id = "words_vester" href = +<b><a id = "words_vester" href = "#words_v">vester</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec652">652</a>;</p> <p><b>vestrā</b> with <b>rēfert</b>, <b>interest</b>, <a href = @@ -80662,14 +80652,14 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec1262">1262</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_veto" id = "words_veto" href = +<b><a id = "words_veto" href = "#words_v">vetō</a></b>,</p> <p>forms of, <a href = "#sec993">993</a>;</p> <p>used personally in pass., <a href = "#sec2201">2201</a>;</p> <p>with <b>o</b> shortened, <a href = "#sec2443">2443</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vetus" id = "words_vetus" href = +<b><a id = "words_vetus" href = "#words_v">vetus</a></b>,</p> <p>comparison of, <a href = "#sec358">358</a>;</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>, @@ -80677,29 +80667,29 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec626">626</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vicem" id = "words_vicem" href = +<b><a id = "words_vicem" href = "#words_v">vicem</a></b>,</p> <p>resembling prep., <a href = "#sec1406">1406</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_viciniae" id = "words_viciniae" href = +<b><a id = "words_viciniae" href = "#words_v">vīcīniae</a></b>,</p> <p>loc., <a href = "#sec1339">1339</a>, <a href = "#sec1340">1340</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vicis" id = "words_vicis" href = +<b><a id = "words_vicis" href = "#words_v">vicis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec473">473</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_videlicet" id = "words_videlicet" href = +<b><a id = "words_videlicet" href = "#words_v">vidēlicet</a></b>,</p> <p>form of, <a href = "#sec712">712</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_video" id = "words_video" href = +<b><a id = "words_video" href = "#words_v">videō</a></b>,</p> <p>perf. of, <a href = "#sec862">862</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec997">997</a>;</p> @@ -80720,12 +80710,12 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> "#sec2190">2190</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vigeo" id = "words_vigeo" href = +<b><a id = "words_vigeo" href = "#words_v">vigeō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1006">1006</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vigil" id = "words_vigil" href = +<b><a id = "words_vigil" href = "#words_v">vigil</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec636">636</a>, <a href = "#sec482">482</a>, @@ -80733,22 +80723,22 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec561">561</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vincio" id = "words_vincio" href = +<b><a id = "words_vincio" href = "#words_v">vinciō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec1014">1014</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vinco" id = "words_vinco" href = +<b><a id = "words_vinco" href = "#words_v">vincō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec938">938</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_virus" id = "words_virus" href = +<b><a id = "words_virus" href = "#words_v">vīrus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec493">493</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vis" id = "words_vis" href = +<b><a id = "words_vis" href = "#words_v">vīs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec430">430</a>, <a href = "#sec518">518</a>, @@ -80757,39 +80747,39 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <p>stems of, <a href = "#sec569">569</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_viscus" id = "words_viscus" href = +<b><a id = "words_viscus" href = "#words_v">vīscus</a></b>,</p> <p>gender and decl. of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_viso" id = "words_viso" href = +<b><a id = "words_viso" href = "#words_v">vīsō</a></b>,</p> <p>pres. stem of, <a href = "#sec835">835</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec945">945</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vitis" id = "words_vitis" href = +<b><a id = "words_vitis" href = "#words_v">vītis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec522">522</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vito" id = "words_vito" href = +<b><a id = "words_vito" href = "#words_v">vītō</a></b>,</p> <p>with dat. or acc., <a href = "#sec1184">1184</a>;</p> <p>with <b>nē</b>, <a href = "#sec1960">1960</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vivesco" id = "words_vivesco" href = +<b><a id = "words_vivesco" href = "#words_v">vīvēscō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec959">959</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vivo" id = "words_vivo" href = +<b><a id = "words_vivo" href = "#words_v">vīvō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec953">953</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vix" id = "words_vix" href = "#words_v">vix</a></b>, +<b><a id = "words_vix" href = "#words_v">vix</a></b>, <a href = "#sec1451">1451</a>;</p> <p><b>nōn modo (nōn sōlum) . . . sed vix</b>, <a href = "#sec1682">1682</a>;</p> @@ -80799,13 +80789,13 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>vixdum . . . cum</b>, <a href = "#sec1869">1869</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vollo" id = "words_vollo" href = +<b><a id = "words_vollo" href = "#words_v">vollō</a></b> (<b>vellō</b>), perf. of, <a href = "#sec866">866</a>;</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec951">951</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_volo" id = "words_volo" href = +<b><a id = "words_volo" href = "#words_v">volō</a></b>,</p> <p>conjug. of, <a href = "#sec772">772</a>, <a href = "#sec773">773</a>;</p> @@ -80844,80 +80834,80 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <p>in conative use, <a href = "#sec2303">2303</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_volturius" id = "words_volturius" href = +<b><a id = "words_volturius" href = "#words_v">volturius</a></b>,</p> <p>voc. sing, of, <a href = "#sec459">459</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_volucris" id = "words_volucris" href = +<b><a id = "words_volucris" href = "#words_v">volucris</a></b>,</p> <p>stems of, <a href = "#sec490">490</a>, <a href = "#sec500">500</a>, <a href = "#sec566">566</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_volvo" id = "words_volvo" href = +<b><a id = "words_volvo" href = "#words_v">volvō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec947">947</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vomis" id = "words_vomis" href = +<b><a id = "words_vomis" href = "#words_v">vōmis</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a>, <a href = "#sec499">499</a>;</p> <p>gender of, <a href = "#sec579">579</a>.</p> -<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page584" id = "page584"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a id = "page584"> 584</a></span> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vomo" id = "words_vomo" href = +<b><a id = "words_vomo" href = "#words_v">vomō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec972">972</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vorro" id = "words_vorro" href = +<b><a id = "words_vorro" href = "#words_v">vorrō</a></b>,</p> <p><b>verrō</b>, prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec950">950</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vorsus" id = "words_vorsus" href = +<b><a id = "words_vorsus" href = "#words_v">vorsus</a></b>,</p> <p>prep., <a href = "#sec1414">1414</a>;</p> <p>position of, <a href = "#sec1414">1414</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vorto" id = "words_vorto" href = +<b><a id = "words_vorto" href = "#words_v">vortō</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_verto">vertō</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vos" id = "words_vos" href = +<b><a id = "words_vos" href = "#words_v">vōs</a></b>,</p> <p>decl. of, <a href = "#sec644">644-651</a>;</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_tu">tū</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_voster" id = "words_voster" href = +<b><a id = "words_voster" href = "#words_v">voster</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_vester">vester</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_vostras" id = "words_vostras" href = +<b><a id = "words_vostras" href = "#words_v">vostrās</a></b>,</p> <p>accent of, <a href = "#sec88">88</a>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_voto" id = "words_voto" href = +<b><a id = "words_voto" href = "#words_v">votō</a></b>,</p> <p>see <b><a href = "#words_veto">vetō</a></b>.</p> <p class = "headword"> -<b><a name = "words_voveo" id = "words_voveo" href = +<b><a id = "words_voveo" href = "#words_v">voveō</a></b>,</p> <p>prin. parts of, <a href = "#sec996">996</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_x" id = "words_x" href = "#words">X</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_x" href = "#words">X</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>x</b>,</p> @@ -80927,7 +80917,7 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <p>makes position, <a href = "#sec177">177</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_y" id = "words_y" href = "#words">Y</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_y" href = "#words">Y</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>y</b>,</p> @@ -80937,7 +80927,7 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <a href = "#sec42">42</a>.</p> -<h3><a name = "words_z" id = "words_z" href = "#words">Z</a></h3> +<h3><a id = "words_z" href = "#words">Z</a></h3> <p class = "headword"> <b>z</b>,</p> @@ -80950,10 +80940,10 @@ dō</a></b>,</p> <div class = "advertising"> -<a name = "advert" id = "advert"> </a> +<a id = "advert"> </a> <div class = "adpage"> <div class = "advert"> -<a name = "ads1" id = "ads1"> </a> +<a id = "ads1"> </a> <h4>MORRIS & MORGAN’S<br> LATIN SERIES FOR<br> SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES</h4> @@ -81027,7 +81017,7 @@ AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY </div> <div class = "adpage"> -<a name = "ads2" id = "ads2"> </a> +<a id = "ads2"> </a> <div class = "advert"> <h4><span class = "largest">SELECTIONS FROM<br> THE WORKS OF OVID</span></h4> @@ -81037,7 +81027,7 @@ Professor of Latin, University of Chicago</p> </div> <div class = "advert half"> -<table> +<table style=";"> <tr> <td>Annotated Edition, <span class = "price">$1.40</span></td> @@ -81082,7 +81072,7 @@ AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY </div> <div class = "adpage"> -<a name = "ads3" id = "ads3"> </a> +<a id = "ads3"> </a> <div class = "advert"> <h4><span class = "largest">LIVY AND HORACE</span></h4> </div> @@ -81140,7 +81130,7 @@ AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY <div class = "adpage"> -<a name = "ads4" id = "ads4"> </a> +<a id = "ads4"> </a> <div class = "advert"> <h4 class = "cicero">CICERO</h4> </div> @@ -81196,7 +81186,7 @@ AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY </div> <div class = "adpage"> -<a name = "ads5" id = "ads5"> </a> +<a id = "ads5"> </a> <div class = "advert"> <h4>GREEK DICTIONARIES</h4> </div> @@ -81272,7 +81262,7 @@ AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY </div> <div class = "adpage"> -<a name = "ads6" id = "ads6"> </a> +<a id = "ads6"> </a> <div class = "advert"> <h4>SMYTH’S GREEK SERIES<br>FOR<br>COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS</h4> </div> @@ -81359,7 +81349,7 @@ AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY </div> <div class = "adpage"> -<a name = "ads7" id = "ads7"> </a> +<a id = "ads7"> </a> <div class = "advert"> <h4 class = "extended">DESCRIPTIVE<br> CATALOGUE OF HIGH<br> @@ -81405,7 +81395,7 @@ AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY </div> <div class = "adpage"> -<a name = "ads8" id = "ads8"> </a> +<a id = "ads8"> </a> <div class = "advert"> <h4 class = "extended">LATIN DICTIONARIES</h4> </div> @@ -81478,9 +81468,9 @@ AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY <!-- end div advertising --> <div class = "correction"> -<h4><a name = "errata" id = "errata" href = "#start">ERRATA</a></h4> +<h4><a id = "errata" href = "#start">ERRATA</a></h4> -<h5><a name = "err_sound" id = "err_sound" href = "#errata">Errata for +<h5><a id = "err_sound" href = "#errata">Errata for Sections 1-179 (Sounds)</a></h5> <p>2 ... <span class = "citation"><i>Nouns</i>, <i>Verbs</i>, and @@ -81556,7 +81546,7 @@ writtén</p> <b>abisn(e)</b>,</p> -<h5><a name = "err_form" id = "err_form" href = "#errata">Errata for +<h5><a id = "err_form" href = "#errata">Errata for Sections 180-396 (Formation)</a></h5> <p>198a ... <span class = "citation"><b>ōrātor</b>, stem @@ -81611,7 +81601,7 @@ N albus</p> (2)</p> -<h5><a name = "err_nouns" id = "err_nouns" href = "#errata">Errata for +<h5><a id = "err_nouns" href = "#errata">Errata for Sections 397-712 (Nouns)</a></h5> <p>411 ... <span class = "citation">as well as a @@ -81679,7 +81669,7 @@ home</i>;</span><br> <i>; missing</i></p> -<h5><a name = "err_verbs" id = "err_verbs" href = "#errata">Errata for +<h5><a id = "err_verbs" href = "#errata">Errata for Sections 713-1022 (Verbs)</a></h5> <p><span class = "citation">756.</span><br> @@ -81825,7 +81815,7 @@ Macr.)</span><br> <i>macron invisible</i></p> -<h5><a name = "err_sentence" id = "err_sentence" href = "#errata">Errata +<h5><a id = "err_sentence" href = "#errata">Errata for Sections 1023-1713 (Simple Sentences)</a></h5> <p>1040a ... <span class = "citation"><b>hostium castra</b>, <i>camp of @@ -82044,7 +82034,7 @@ frequently</span><br> <i>, invisible</i></p> -<h5><a name = "err_complex" id = "err_complex" href = "#errata">Errata +<h5><a id = "err_complex" href = "#errata">Errata for Sections 1714-2299 (Complex Sentences)</a></h5> <p>1731 ... <span class = "citation"><b>neque id faciō, ut forsitan @@ -82154,7 +82144,7 @@ text unchanged: word generally spelled “-dign-” (see endnote on first edition)</p> -<h5><a name = "err_app" id = "err_app" href = "#errata">Errata for +<h5><a id = "err_app" href = "#errata">Errata for Sections 2300-2745 (Appendix)</a></h5> <p>2331 ... <span class = "citation">Aegyptiōrum trucīdātum @@ -82252,12 +82242,12 @@ appear over the letters “ei”, which are tied together.</i></p> cṓnspi|cā́tus | ést</span><br> cṓnspi|cā́tus|ést</p> -<p>2736 ... <span class = "citation">τὸ δ’ ἔνθεν· ἄμμες δ’ ἂν τὸ +<p>2736 ... <span class = "citation">τὸ δ’ ἔνθεν· ἄμμες δ’ ἂν τὸ μέσσον</span><br> ἀν</p> -<h5><a name = "err_abbr" id = "err_abbr" href = "#errata">Errata for +<h5><a id = "err_abbr" href = "#errata">Errata for List of Abbreviations</a></h5> <p class = "partial"><i>dē Bellō Gallicō.</i><br> @@ -82269,7 +82259,7 @@ Cōnsulāribus.</i></span><br> <i>“dē” printed as “de” in all</i></p> -<h5><a name = "err_indsubj" id = "err_indsubj" href = "#errata">Errata +<h5><a id = "err_indsubj" href = "#errata">Errata for Index of Subjects</a></h5> <p class = "partial">[Ablative Case]</p> @@ -82299,7 +82289,7 @@ act nor</p> 2993</p> -<h5><a name = "err_indword" id = "err_indword" href = "#errata">Errata +<h5><a id = "err_indword" href = "#errata">Errata for Index of Latin Words</a></h5> <p><span class = "citation"><b>caelicolū̆m</b>,</span><br> @@ -82321,7 +82311,7 @@ quanty</p> <i>printed as shown, with one word</i></p> -<h5><a name = "err_ads" id = "err_ads" href = "#errata">Erratum for +<h5><a id = "err_ads" href = "#errata">Erratum for Advertising Section</a></h5> <p><span class = "citation"><span class = "smallcaps">Cicero. Ten @@ -82331,7 +82321,7 @@ W Helm.</p> <div class = "endnote"> -<h4><a name = "ghosts" id = "ghosts" href = "#start">Endnote: “Ghosts” +<h4><a id = "ghosts" href = "#start">Endnote: “Ghosts” of first edition</a></h4> <h5>Long Vowel before -gn</h5> @@ -82398,3 +82388,4 @@ Verbs<br> <div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44653 ***</div> </body> </html> + |