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diff --git a/44189-0.txt b/44189-0.txt index bdb8f74..62f0b2f 100644 --- a/44189-0.txt +++ b/44189-0.txt @@ -1,25 +1,4 @@ -Project Gutenberg's Florida: Past and present, by Samuel Curtis Upham - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Florida: Past and present - together with notes from Sunland, on the Manatee River, - Gulf Coast of South Florida - -Author: Samuel Curtis Upham - -Release Date: November 15, 2013 [EBook #44189] - -Language: English - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORIDA: PAST AND PRESENT *** - - - +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44189 *** Produced by Ann Jury, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was @@ -3046,366 +3025,4 @@ Heathfulness of climate=> Healthfulness of climate {pg 89} End of Project Gutenberg's Florida: Past and present, by Samuel Curtis Upham -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORIDA: PAST AND PRESENT *** - -***** This file should be named 44189-8.txt or 44189-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/1/8/44189/ - -Produced by Ann Jury, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Florida: Past and present - together with notes from Sunland, on the Manatee River, - Gulf Coast of South Florida - -Author: Samuel Curtis Upham - -Release Date: November 15, 2013 [EBook #44189] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORIDA: PAST AND PRESENT *** - - - - -Produced by Ann Jury, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - -Every attempt has been made to replicate the original as printed. -Some typographical errors have been corrected; a list follows the text. - - - - -[Illustration: - -FLORIDA: - -PAST AND PRESENT, - -TOGETHER WITH NOTES FROM - -SUNLAND, - -ON THE - -MANATEE RIVER, GULF COAST OF SOUTH -FLORIDA: - -_ITS CLIMATE, SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS_. - -THE LAND OF THE ORANGE AND GUAVA, -THE PINE-APPLE, DATE AND CASSAVA. - -By SAMUEL C. UPHAM. - -ILLUSTRATED. - -JACKSONVILLE, FLA.: -ASHMEAD BROTHERS. -1883. -] - -[Illustration: PART OF THE GULF COAST OF FLORIDA.] - - - - -FLORIDA: - -PAST AND PRESENT, - -TOGETHER WITH NOTES FROM - -SUNLAND, - -ON THE - -MANATEE RIVER, GULF COAST - -OF - -SOUTH FLORIDA: - -_ITS CLIMATE, SOIL, AND PRODUCTIONS_. - -The Land of the Orange and Guava, -The Pine-Apple, Date, and Cassava. - -BY SAMUEL C. UPHAM. - -ILLUSTRATED. - -JACKSONVILLE, FLA.: -ASHMEAD BROTHERS, -1883. - -Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, -By SAMUEL C. UPHAM, -in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. - - -To - - MARION FOSTER, } - SAMUEL ZENAS, AND } UPHAM, - CHARLES HENRY } - - THREE LIVING LINKS IN THE CHAIN THAT BINDS ME TO LIFE, THIS - BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY - THEIR FATHER, - - THE AUTHOR. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Two or three letters written by myself to friends at the North having -found their way into print, I have been literally flooded with letters -during the past six months, from all sections of the Union and British -Provinces, asking for information in relation to the Manatee region of -Florida. Hundreds have been replied to, and many remain unanswered for -want of time. This little book has been written with the belief that it -will answer the requirements of my numerous correspondents, and also -prove a welcome guest to others who desire reliable information -concerning this portion of the Gulf coast of South Florida. With these -brief remarks I cast my little waif upon the tide of public opinion, -with the hope that favorable breezes will waft it into the hands of -those who will be benefited by its perusal. - -SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE, -_Braidentown, Florida, April 1, 1881_. - - - - -PREFACE - -TO THE ENLARGED EDITION. - - -When I published the little _brochure_--"Notes from Sunland"--two years -ago, the Gulf Coast of South Florida was, comparatively speaking, a -_terra incognita_. The favor with which that work has been -received--having passed through three editions--and at the request of -numerous correspondents in the United States, Canada, and Continental -Europe, I have concluded to enlarge the work and make it more general in -its scope--the former work being confined exclusively to the Manatee -region. In reply to the question from different sections of the Union: -"Are you as well pleased with the Manatee region as when you wrote -'Notes from Sunland'?" I reply, emphatically, "Yes!" The longer I live -here the more thoroughly I am convinced that it is the Sanitarium of the -world. In addition to twenty-five pages of letter-press, I have added -an additional illustration and a map of the Gulf coast of South Florida. -I have placed the publication of the book in the hands of those -well-known and reliable publishers, the Ashmead Brothers, of -Jacksonville, Fla., who will supply the book to the trade and also -furnish it to the public. With many thanks for the patronage bestowed -upon my former book, I trust the present will be found equally -acceptable. - -SAMUEL C. UPHAM. - -_Braidentown, Fla., August, 1883._ - - - - -CHAPTER I. - - INDIANS AND ALLIGATORS--DADE'S MASSACRE--PONCE DE LEON AND THE - "FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH"--DE SOTO AND "EL DORADO"--FLORIDA EXCHANGED FOR - CUBA--PENSACOLA CAPTURED BY GENERAL JACKSON--FLORIDA PURCHASED BY - THE UNITED STATES--SECEDES FROM THE UNION--RECONSTRUCTED. - - -Thirty years ago the word Florida was synonymous with mosquitoes, -alligators, snakes, and Indians. As a part of this Union, it was at that -time considered financially a worthless sand-spit, which had cost our -Government fifty million dollars and many lives in the almost fruitless -effort to rescue it from the hands of the wily Creeks and Seminoles, who -occupied the middle and southern portions of the State. From the date of -Dade's massacre by Osceola's band near Brooksville, in December, 1835, -which sent a thrill of horror throughout the length and breadth of our -land, to the surrender of Billy Bowlegs in 1858, a period of nearly -twenty-five years, war was waged by our Government under the leadership -of Generals Worth, Scott, Harney, Taylor, and their subordinates, with -the result above stated. - -In order to fully understand and appreciate the present condition of -Florida, some little knowledge of her history is indispensable; for -without such knowledge, the sparseness of the present population of the -State is inexplicable, when taken in connection with its genial climate, -its natural fertility, and the immense scope of its possible -agricultural production. "If Florida possesses so great a variety and -power of vegetable growth, and such a desirable climate, why is it not -more densely populated?" is a question answered only by a glance at her -past history. - -The honor due to the first discovery of the land which now constitutes -the southern extremity of the United States is generally awarded to that -famous and eccentric old Spanish adventurer, Juan Ponce de Leon. -Nevertheless, the validity of his claim to that honor is liable to some -dispute. Several authorities of very good credit maintain that Sebastian -Cabot, in the year 1497, traced the whole line of the American coast as -far southward as 36 9 north latitude; and Peter Martyr avers that he -sailed to the west of the meridian of Cuba. From this account it does -not appear that Cabot proceeded further southward than the mouth of the -Chesapeake Bay, the latitude of which corresponds nearly with that of -the Straits of Gibraltar, and the longitude with that of the eastern -extremity of Cuba. It can scarcely be doubted that Ponce de Leon was the -first European who landed on any part of that ground which is now -occupied by the Southern States of our Republic. The purpose for which -he visited this country has exposed his memory to no little ridicule; -but his childish delusion is entitled to more indulgence and respect -than the sordid and hypocritical motives which induced so many of his -countrymen to become explorers and crusaders in America. Juan Ponce, for -the purpose of discovering the location of the "Fountain of Youth," set -sail from Porto Rico, on the 3d day of March, 1512. After a short voyage -he came to a country covered with flowers and verdure, and as the day of -his discovery happened to be Palm Sunday, called by the Spaniards -_Pasqua Florida_, he bestowed the name of Florida on the country in -commemoration of this circumstance. Thus the first European discovery of -Florida took place on the second day of April, 1512. - -The next visit to Florida by Europeans was made in the year 1520, by -Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon, who kidnapped one hundred and thirty Indians -and sailed for San Domingo, where he sold them as slaves. In the year -1524, Giovanni da Verazzano, a Florentine sea-captain in the service of -the French Government, coasted from Florida as high as Cape Breton. - -On the 17th day of June, 1527, Pamphilo de Narvaez left Spain with five -ships and six hundred men, being authorized by the Spanish Government -to explore and take possession of "all the lands between Rio de las -Palmas and Cape Florida." The fleet was much damaged by a hurricane, and -was obliged to remain at Cuba for more than six months to be refitted. -In February, 1528, Pamphilo again embarked; and after a short and -prosperous voyage, landed his army at the bay of Santa Cruz, Florida. -Having formally taken possession of the country, and proved that he was -in earnest by pillaging some of the villages, Pamphilo began to -interrogate the natives respecting the precise locality of that immense -deposit of gold which he expected to find in Florida. In their answers -to these inquiries, the Indians, wishing to hasten the departure of -their unwelcome guests, directed the gold-hunters to a distant region -called Apalacha, assuring them that the shining metal could there be -obtained in the greatest abundance. After a wearisome march, the -Spaniards reached the designated place on the 26th day of June. The -ungrateful behavior of the Spaniards soon provoked the hostility of the -natives, and before they had an opportunity to make any mineralogical -researches Pamphilo was compelled to retreat. While endeavoring to make -his escape to the seashore, he was closely pursued by the natives, who -killed two hundred of his men--about one-third of the whole number. - -The whole country being aroused, Pamphilo found it impossible to return -to his ships, which were probably destroyed by the Indians. The -Spaniards, therefore, took the shortest route to the coast, and came to -the bay now known as St. Marks. The Apalachian Indians being satisfied -with driving the intruders from their territory, abandoned the pursuit -when that object was gained. They arrived at St. Marks in a starving -condition, their only food being horse-flesh. All their ingenuity was -now employed to effect some means of escape from the country. They -erected a forge on the beach, and, with great toil and difficulty, -converted their swords, lance-heads, stirrups, and bridle-bits into -nails, saws, and hatchets. Having thus provided themselves with the -proper instruments, they felled trees, shaped the timber, and finally -constructed several very inelegant specimens of marine architecture. In -the meanwhile all their horses were consumed for food; and when they -embarked in their rude batteaux, their thin, ghastly, Tanner-like -appearance might have reminded a spectator of that shadowy boat-load of -"magnanimous heroes" so graphically described by Virgil in the Sixth -Book of his celebrated Epic. All the boats were subsequently wrecked -near the mouth of the Mississippi, and all on board perished, except -Cabeca de Vaca, the treasurer of the expedition, and four common -soldiers. The survivors, after enduring many toils and sufferings, -finally reached Spain in August, 1537. - -In the latter part of May, 1539, Hernando de Soto landed his troops on -the eastern shore of Hillsborough Bay, above the mouth of the Little -Manatee River, and commenced his toilsome overland march, which ended in -his death and burial in the Mississippi River, on the 5th day of June, -1542, three years and one month afterward. In 1562 it is probable that a -temporary settlement was formed near the mouth of the St. Johns River by -Ribault, a Frenchman. - -In 1564, under the protection of Admiral Coligny, a settlement of -Huguenots was formed under the leadership of Lardonierre, on the south -bank of the St. Johns, about six leagues from its mouth. This settlement -was called Caroline, and was completely destroyed by the Spaniards under -Menendez in 1565, who massacred all that escaped death in the fight, -"not as Frenchmen, but as heretics." This murderous act was fully -avenged by a Frenchman--De Gourges--who, in 1659, led an expedition -especially against Fort Caroline, and massacred the Spanish garrison, -"not as Spaniards, but as cut-throats and murderers." In 1565 the same -Menendez founded a Spanish colony at St. Augustine, _thus establishing -the first European town on the continent of America_. - -In 1584, as the result of various expeditions, the area of Spanish -occupation and conquest had become so extended that the authority of -Spain was acknowledged by the natives, not only throughout Florida, but -as far west as the Mississippi and as far north as the mountains of -Georgia. - -In 1586, St. Augustine was attacked and plundered by a party of English -adventurers under Sir Francis Drake. In 1611, it was pillaged by the -Indians, and in 1665 was sacked by another party of English pirates, led -by the freebooter, Davis. - -In 1689, Pensacola was settled by the Spanish. - -In 1702, St. Augustine was unsuccessfully attacked by Governor Moore, of -the English colony of South Carolina. In 1725, Colonel Palmer, of -Georgia, also failed in an effort to capture the city, and in 1740, -General Oglethorpe, of Georgia, was signally repulsed in a similar -undertaking. - -In 1763, the whole territory of Florida was ceded by Spain to Great -Britain in exchange for Cuba; but the entire population of the territory -at that time did not exceed six hundred. - -In 1767, Dr. Trumbull, an English colonist, located at New Smyrna, -"imported fifteen hundred Corsicans and Minorcans, having deluded them -by unstinted promises of land and employment at high wages, and then -subjected them to a system of oppression, similar and scarce less -severe than slavery, till after a lapse of some ten years they escaped -in a body from his servitude and betook themselves to St. Augustine, -where they settled down, and ultimately became a prominent and valuable -element of the population of that section." - -In 1781, the Spanish captured Pensacola, and the English again lost -possession of Florida. In 1784, the territory was once more formally -ceded to Spain. In 1812, Fernandina capitulated to the troops of the -United States, but was, during the following year, re-delivered to the -Spanish Government. - -In 1814, the English forces, under the command of Colonel Nichols, -entered and manned the forts of Pensacola, although the whole territory -was nominally under the control of Spain; and in 1818, General Jackson -attacked and captured Pensacola in behalf of the United States. - -In 1819, Florida was purchased by the United States, and was formally -ceded by Spain. In 1822, a territorial government was established; in -1845, Florida was admitted into the Union, and in January, 1861, she -seceded. - -In the language of the talented and lamented J. S. Adams: "What a -picture does this brief abstract of the leading features in the history -of Florida present! Discovered by Ponce de Leon in 1512; permanently -settled in 1565; ceded to Great Britain in 1763, with a population of -only six hundred, after a colonial existence of two hundred years; -re-ceded to Spain in 1784; sold and ceded to the United States in 1819; -receiving a territorial government in 1822; admitted to the Union in -1845; seceding in 1861; and reconstructed in 1868; sacked and pillaged -repeatedly by Europeans; shifting its nationality from time to time, and -losing almost its entire population by each change; harassed and -plundered by repeated Indian wars from 1816 to 1858, and just as -prosperity began to dawn, plunged unnecessarily into the useless -slaughter of a hopeless rebellion, she has suffered every evil, -political and social, that does not involve absolute extinction. Is it, -then, a matter of surprise that Florida is so sparsely populated?" - - - - -CHAPTER II. - - GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND BOUNDARIES OF FLORIDA--AREA AND - POPULATION--INDIANS IN FLORIDA--CLIMATE, SOIL, AND PRODUCTIONS--THE - RAINY SEASON--FLORIDA AS A HEALTH RESORT--CLASSIFICATION OF - LANDS--SCHOOL SYSTEM AND CHURCHES--SWAMP LANDS SOLD TO - DISSTON--RELIGION IN FLORIDA. - - -Florida lies between the degrees of twenty-five and thirty-one north -latitude, and eighty to eighty-eight west longitude from Greenwich. The -northern boundary being nearly three hundred and fifty miles from east -to west, and its length from north to south, nearly four hundred miles. -It is in the same latitude as Central Arabia, Northern Hindostan, the -Desert of Sahara, the northern portion of Burmah, the southern part of -China and Northern Mexico. The average width of the peninsula is about -eighty miles, and every part is fanned by either the Trade or Gulf -winds, rendering the air delightfully pleasant in midsummer. The most -marked geographical feature of the State is the enormous extent of -coastline--the Atlantic and Gulf exceeding eleven hundred miles, with -numerous large bays, offering great facilities for commercial -intercourse. The northern part of the State is hilly and rolling. -Midway of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, an elevated ridge extends -through Middle and South Florida to Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades, -gradually sloping to the Atlantic Ocean on the east and to the waters of -the Gulf of Mexico on the west. The elevated lands are mostly pine, -interspersed with black-jack, post, and water-oak. At the base and along -the water courses, are rich hammock lands bordered with flat and rolling -prairie, with the everlasting scrub palmetto everywhere. The southern -portion of the State is at this time a vast cattle range, embracing -thousands of acres on which a surveyor's chain has never fallen. - -In 1860, the population of Florida was 140,000; in 1880, it was 267,000, -and at this time, it is probably in round numbers 300,000. When the vast -area of the State, sixty thousand square miles, comprising nearly -thirty-eight million acres of land, is taken into consideration, it will -be seen that we are not badly crowded. The sale by Governor Bloxham of -four million acres of "swamp land" to the Disston and Anglo-German -syndicates is a mere bagatelle. - -The county in which I reside--Manatee--is nearly as large as the -combined States of Connecticut and Rhode Island. It is truly a county of -"magnificent distances," the county seat, Pine Level, being forty miles -south of the villages of Braidentown and Manatee, on its northern -border. "No pent-up Utica contracts our powers." We do things on a large -scale. We raise the most luscious oranges, the largest watermelons, and -the most appetizing pineapples and bananas on the face of the earth; and -I do not think I elongate the truth when I say, that in point of size -our alligators, mosquitoes, and grasshoppers will compare favorably with -those of any other country. Our frogs are also as sprightly as Mark -Twain's "jumping frog of the Calaveras." Our cucumbers, tomatoes, -snap-beans, squashes, and cabbages reach the cities of the North and -West three months in advance of any other State of the Union. - -If there is one thing above all others of which we feel justly proud, it -is our superb climate. The "glorious climate of California," and the -sunny clime and golden skies of Italy bear no comparison with it. It is -indescribable, and must be seen and felt in order to be fully -appreciated. A Baptist clergyman--Hard-shell--who visited Braidentown -last winter, was so fascinated and infatuated with the climate and -surroundings that he said he verily believed that he was then nearer -Paradise than he ever expected to be again while in the flesh. - -A timid person occasionally asks, "Are there Indians still in Florida?" -A remnant of the once warlike Creeks and Seminoles--scarcely two hundred -souls, including males, squaws, and papooses--still have an abiding -place on the Caloosahatchee, the Kissimmee, and in the Big Cypress -Swamp, south of Lake Okeechobee. They are peaceably disposed, and only -mingle with the whites when they visit the country stores to dispose of -their peltry and game and replenish their ammunition. Chipco and the -elder Tigertail, two of their former chiefs, have been called to the -"happy hunting-grounds" during the past two years. The former was a -centenarian, having attained the green old age of one hundred and ten -years. He participated in the Dade massacre, near Brooksville, in 1835. -The latter died by the visitation of God, having been killed by -lightning while crossing the Kissimmee in his canoe. The Indians have -several negro slaves in their secluded camps, who have never been -informed that the Emancipation Proclamation of the martyred Lincoln -loosened their shackles and made them free men. - -The questions are frequently asked: "What crops can you raise in -Florida? What can be grown on your soil?" The agricultural, -horticultural, and pomological products of Florida are more varied than -those of any other State of the Union. The northern, northeastern, and -northwestern parts of the State, as well as Middle Florida, are -admirably adapted to the cultivation of oats, barley, corn, Irish -potatoes, cotton, and tobacco. At the Atlanta Exposition, two years ago, -Florida was awarded the first premium for sea island cotton, rice, and -sugar. The peach, plum, Le Conte pear, several varieties of the apple -and grape, and all the small fruits are indigenous to the soil and -climate of those portions of the State. South Florida, composed of the -counties of Hernando, Sumter, Orange, Volusia, Brevard, Polk, -Hillsborough, Manatee, Monroe, and Dade, is the land of the orange and -all semi-tropical fruits. The guava, pineapple, banana, cocoanut, date, -sugar-apple, sapodilla, mango, alligator-pear, and other tropical fruits -thrive admirably in the lower counties, south of the twenty-eighth -degree of latitude. South Florida is also the natural home of the -sugar-cane. There it ratoons from six to eight years and tassels. The -cultivation of early vegetables for the northern and western markets is -also a large and remunerative industry, which has been recently -inaugurated on the hammocks bordering the Manatee Bay, on the Indian -River, and on the numerous keys or islands along the Gulf coast, between -Sarasota and Cape Sable. The cassava has also proved to be a -remunerative crop in South Florida when properly cultivated. The -introduction of jute and Sisal hemp, in the near future, will also add -materially to the wealth of the southern counties of the State. The -flat prairie and swamp lands, now considered almost worthless for -agricultural purposes, will then blossom as the rose. - -Dwelling in an almost perpetual summer, one would naturally suppose that -the climate would prove enervating to the human system. Such is not the -fact. In midsummer the weather is of a very pleasant temperature, the -nights being uniformly cool, and sultry days, so common in the North, of -very rare occurrence. So agreeable are the summers, there is little -choice between them and the winters, and many of the oldest settlers -prefer the former. Florida, in common with other States of the Union, is -sometimes afflicted with drouths, and there is sometimes a -superabundance of rain; but, as a general rule, the seasons are regular -and well adapted to all the valuable staples of the country. Frequent -showers occur during the spring and early summer, and about the first of -July the rainy season fairly sets in and continues until the first of -October. Although rain falls on nearly every day during this season, it -seldom ever rains all day. These rains fall in heavy showers, generally -accompanied by thunder and lightning, but are seldom of more than two -hours' duration. They generally occur early in the afternoon, leaving -for the balance of the day a cloudless sky and a delightfully cool -atmosphere. Paradoxical as it may seem, our winters are warmer and our -summers cooler than those of the Northern and Western States. The -mercury in the thermometer rarely reaches 96 Fahrenheit in midsummer, -and at Braidentown, Manatee County, only on two occasions during the -past four years has it fallen as low as 38. - -The general healthfulness of Florida is proverbial. That its climate is -more salubrious than that of any other State of the Union is clearly -established by the medical statistics of the army, as well as by the -last census returns. The report of the Surgeon General of the United -States Army, demonstrates the fact that diseases which result from -malaria are of a much milder type in Florida than in any other part of -the United States. Among the troops serving in Florida, the number of -deaths to the number of cases of remittent fever has been much less than -in any other portion of the Union. In the Middle Division of the United -States, the proportion is one death to thirty-six cases of remittent -fever; in the Northern Division, one to fifty-two; in the Southern -Division, one to fifty-four; in Texas, one in seventy-eight; in -California, one in one hundred and twenty-two; in New Mexico, one in one -hundred and forty-eight; while in Florida, it is but _one in two hundred -and eighty-seven_. As a health resort for invalids suffering from -pulmonary complaints, Florida stands pre-eminent. Her invigorating, -balsamic breezes, with healing on their wings, soon banish the hectic -flush from the cheek of the invalid, and health and strength return once -more to cheer and gladden the hearts of despairing friends. - -A description of Florida lands published by Dr. Byrne in 1860 applies -with equal truthfulness at the present time. In every State and -Territory in the Union there is a large proportion of barren and poor -lands, but the ratio of these lands differ greatly in the different -States. Florida has a due proportion of poor lands, but compared with -other States, the ratio of her _barren_ and _worthless_ lands is very -small. With the exception of the Everglades and her irreclaimable swamp -lands, there is scarcely an acre in the whole State of Florida that is -entirely worthless, or which cannot be made, under her tropical climate, -tributary to some agricultural production. Lands which in a more -northern climate would be utterly worthless, will in Florida, owing to -her tropical character, yield valuable productions. For example, the -poorest pine lands of Florida will produce without fertilizing a -luxuriant crop of Sisal hemp, which yields more profit to the acre than -the richest land when cultivated in sugar, cotton, and tobacco. So it is -with jute and numerous other valuable tropical products that are adapted -to the lands that in more northern climates would yield nothing to -agriculture. Besides this, there are in Florida no mountain wastes, and -most of the land not under cultivation is covered with valuable timber. - -The classification of lands in common use being based on their elevation -and the character of their vegetable growth, does not indicate very -fully the character of the soil. There are the hammock, pine, and swamp -lands. Then there is the high or light hammock, and the low or heavy -hammock. Of pine lands, there are the first, second, and third rate. The -characteristic of hammock land as distinguished from pine is in the fact -of its being covered with a growth of underbrush and vines, while the -pine lands are open. Whenever, then, the land is not so low as to be -called swamp, and produces an undergrowth of shrubbery, it is called -hammock. - -The school lands of Florida--five hundred and seventy thousand -acres--are subject to entry at from one dollar and twenty-five cents to -seven dollars per acre, according to quality and location. The swamp -lands--eight and a half million acres--belonging to the State on the 1st -of May, 1882, are graded in price according to the number of acres, -varying from one dollar per acre for a tract of forty acres down to -seventy-five to seventy cents per acre for tracts of six hundred and -forty acres and over. The Disston Syndicate paid twenty-five cents -per acre for four million acres of swamp land, in bodies of ten thousand -acres each. The commutation price of United States lands is one dollar -and twenty-five cents per acre. Unimproved lands in the hands of private -parties are selling at from five to fifteen dollars per acre; improved -land at from twenty to fifty dollars per acre, the value depending on -location, latitude, improvements, etc. There are also large tracts of -land in Florida known as "Spanish grants," which are chiefly owned by -non-residents, and which can be purchased at reasonable prices. - -[Illustration: SCENE IN A SOUTH FLORIDA HAMMOCK--_Page 28._] - -Governor Bloxham recently stated that the present financial condition of -Florida is a fit subject for congratulation. There is at all times money -in the Treasury to pay accrued liabilities, while the amount of the -bonded debt is only one and a quarter millions, and the assessed value -of the property of the State is thirty-seven millions. The condition of -our public schools is decidedly progressive. There are at this time over -twelve hundred schools in the State, and last year a fund of $139,000 -was raised to support them. - -Places of worship may be found in all our settlements; not gorgeous -edifices, with steeples and spires pointing heavenward, but -unpretentious and comfortable structures, in which all denominations of -Christians assemble to worship God according to the dictates of their -own consciences. The Methodists are the most numerous. Next in point of -numbers, the Baptists of different grades of shell, from hard to soft, -may be enumerated. Then come the Presbyterians, Episcopalians, -Campbellites, and Catholics, with a slight sprinkling of other -denominations by way of variety. The religious status of the population -of Florida, like the climate, is rather above the average of other -sections of the Union. There is an indescribable element in the climate -of Florida which is conducive of religious fervor. Several immigrants -from the North and West, whose piety never cropped out until their -arrival in Florida, have been suddenly seized with a call to preach. In -some parts of South Florida, local preachers are nearly as numerous as -laymen, and it is often highly amusing to hear them expound the -Scriptures, and see them wrestle with theology. - -The Fountain of Youth, sought for in vain by Ponce de Leon three hundred -and seventy years ago, is in Florida. Time has not dried up the source -of its health-giving, its life-giving, waters. They flow as of yore, and -every one who thirsteth can partake of them freely. Invalids and -pleasure-seekers find it in our glorious climate, in our invigorating -breezes, which blow as soft and balmy as those from Ceylon's isle; in -our beautiful flowers and almost perpetual verdure, and in the total -absence of the chilling winds and frosts of the North and West, which -render life almost unendurable. De Soto and his followers sought our -shores in quest of _El Dorado_. That also is in Florida. You see it in -our productive soil, in our vast orange groves, in our bananas, -pineapples, guavas, and pomegranates, which no other State of the Union -can produce. Who then shall say that both the "Fountain of Youth" and -"_El Dorado_" are not within the boundaries of Florida? Our climate is a -perpetual summer; the husbandman tickles the soil with the plow and hoe, -and it laughs with an abundant harvest; the stately magnolias and -graceful palms lock hands in our hammocks and wave their evergreen -foliage as a token of welcome to immigrants, and wild flowers gladden -the eye and perfume the air with their fragrance. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - - MANATEE BAY--ITS TROPICAL SCENERY--EGMONT KEY--SNEAD'S - ISLAND--DATE, PALM AND OLIVE TREES--CLIMATE--INSECTS--BRAIDENTOWN - AND ITS SURROUNDINGS--MANATEE, THE OLDEST TOWN ON THE BAY--ITS - EARLY HISTORY--BRAIDEN CASTLE--FAIR OAKS--ORANGE - GROVES--WILLEMSENBURG AND FOGARTYVILLE. - - -The Manatee River, or, more properly speaking, bay, is one of the most -picturesque sheets of water in Florida. It is fourteen miles in length, -with an average width of one and a half miles. One of its -tributaries--the Manatee River proper--extends still further eastward, -some twenty miles; and another northward, half that distance. Its course -is nearly due west to Egmont Key, where it mingles its waters with those -of Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. It lies between the twenty-seventh -and twenty-eighth parallels of north latitude, and in longitude 5-1/2 -west from Washington. A person passing up the bay on the mail steamer -for the first time, will be charmed with the tropical and semi-tropical -scenery that meets his view on either side of the bay, from its mouth to -Braidentown, the present terminus of steamboat navigation. Egmont Key, -with its forest of cabbage palmettos nodding their evergreen plumes in -the morning sun; the stately date-palms and olive trees on Snead's -Island, on the north side of the bay, and the pretty villas surrounded -by young orange and banana groves on the south side, between Palmasola -city and Manatee, form a landscape of rare tropical beauty, unexceled in -the land of flowers, and unrivaled by the fairest scenes in Italia's -famed land. - -Until quite recently, this part of Florida, the great sanitarium of the -world, has, comparatively speaking, been a sealed book to the invalids -and pleasure-seekers of the North and West, who spend their winters in -Jacksonville, St. Augustine and the towns on the St. Johns, Halifax and -Indian Rivers, and console themselves with the idea that they have seen -all parts of Florida worth visiting. The principal drawback which the -Gulf coast has had to contend with, and which partially exists at this -time, is lack of speedy transportation and comfortable hotel -accommodations. These are being remedied, and, when the Manatee region -shall have become as thickly populated as the St. Johns, our facilities -for transportation, etc., will equal those of the Atlantic coast. - -The railroad now being built by Eastern capitalists, between Palatka on -the St. Johns and Tampa at the head of the bay of that name on the Gulf -coast, will be completed within two years. Then the iron horse, with -bowels of fire, muscles of steel and breath of steam, with a shriek and -a snort, will rush over the metallic track and annihilate time and space -so rapidly, that the Atlantic and Gulf coasts will be within a few hours -of each other. A narrow-gauge railroad from Tampa to the Manatee, and -thence to Sarasota Bay, will soon follow, giving us direct and rapid -communication with the principal cities of the North and West. The -round-about route over King David's Transit Railroad to Cedar Key, and -thence by steamboat to the Manatee, will then be abandoned, and -henceforth remembered only as a necessity of by-gone days. The recent -completion of the Louisville, Nashville and Great Southern Railroad, -with a terminus at Pensacola, will soon give us direct and speedy -communication with the cities of Louisville, Nashville, Cincinnati, -Indianapolis, Chicago and St. Louis, and open up the best and most -available markets for the fruits and vegetables of the Gulf coast. -General Alexander, Vice-President of this company, recently expressed -his willingness to assist in the establishment of a line of steamers -between Pensacola and Manatee, touching at other points along the coast. - -Our climate is far superior to that of any other part of Florida; and, I -do not think I hazard much in saying, to that of any part of the -habitable globe. Having, during a somewhat eventful life of sixty-two -years, visited Europe, Asia, Africa, South and Central America, Mexico -and California, I say, and "I say it boldly," that in my varied travels, -nowhere have I found so healthful and desirable a climate as "Sunland," -on the Manatee Bay. We are exempt from ice and the chilling blasts that -sweep along the St. Johns and Halifax, and also from tornadoes and -hurricanes, so destructive on the Atlantic coast. - -Insects are neither numerous nor troublesome. I have been worse annoyed -by mosquitoes in the City of Philadelphia than in this part of Florida. -The ubiquitous flea is, I admit, rather prevalent here, but one soon -becomes reconciled to his habits, and honors his drafts whenever he -presents his bill. Snakes are not as numerous here as in Pennsylvania. -There are, however, rattlesnakes and moccasins in Florida. The former I -have never seen, and the latter but seldom. Those that came under my -observation, appeared to be worse frightened than I was, and made a -hasty exit. Alligators are not numerous in this section, and are -comparatively harmless. Like a once noted statesman, they desire to be -let alone. If closely cornered, they will fight; but they prefer to run, -if a chance is offered for escape. - -Braidentown, the embryo town of the Manatee, is situated on the south -side of the bay, about eight miles above its entrance into Tampa Bay. -Located on a bluff some fifteen feet above tidewater, it commands a fine -view of the surrounding country and of the entire bay. Being constantly -fanned by the breezes from the gulf "with healing on their wings," it is -in point of healthfulness all that the most fastidious pleasure-seeker -or invalid could wish for. From Jack's Creek, its eastern boundary, to -its western terminus, Ware's Creek, it contains a frontage on the bay of -three-fourths of a mile, dotted with picturesque villas, surrounded by -tropical fruits and flowers. Although yet in a chrysalis state, being -scarcely two years old, it contains two boarding-houses, two stores, a -meat-shop, post-office and a warehouse, with a wharf connecting it with -the shore--the only one on the bay east of Palmasola city. Passengers -for Manatee and other places on the bay are conveyed on shore in sail or -row-boats. Major W. I. Turner, the projector of Braidentown, a Virginian -by birth, has been a resident of Florida for forty-five years. Although -on the shady side of life, he is still hale and hearty. May he live to -see his bantling, now in her leading-strings, the county-seat of Manatee -County. Stranger events have happened. This is an age of progress; the -world moves, and Florida, after her Rip Van Winkle sleep of three -hundred years, is moving with it. - -Sportsmen visiting this place can be accommodated with sail-boats for -fishing, or mule and ox teams for a hunting trip to the Miakka, the -sportsman's paradise. Captain Charles Miller and Billy Stowell, _alias_ -"Buffalo Bill," both "old salts" and reliable men, can be engaged with -their respective crafts, the _Sancho Panza_ and _Onkeehi_, at reasonable -rates. Ox and mule teams can be had of John N. Harris and Dr. S. J. -Tyler. - -The reader will pardon a slight digression, and allow me to state, that -if any person who knows how to run a hotel, will start one in -Braidentown, he will most assuredly put money in his purse, and at the -same time satisfy a great public want. A hotel containing one hundred -rooms, properly conducted, would be filled with guests six months of the -year. We have fish, oysters, clams and game in abundance, on which -boarders could fare sumptuously every day. Shall we have a hotel? - -One and a half miles east of Braidentown, on the low, sandy beach of the -bay, is the irregularly constructed village of Manatee. A stranger -visiting Manatee will invariably ask himself why a town was ever built -here? The following will solve the problem. Adjacent to the village, in -a southerly direction, are rich hammock lands, which, in consequence of -their malarial surroundings, could not be domiciled by their owners. The -pine land on the bay shore offering a more healthful location for -building, the early settlers availed themselves of it and erected their -log and palmetto cabins first, and afterward more pretentious and -architectural structures. The Indian war breaking out soon after the -first settlers had located at Manatee, their cabins formed the nucleus -of a settlement as a protection against the savages. Thus Manatee became -a village, and for many years was the only settlement on the Manatee -Bay. The hospitality of her citizens is proverbial. The stranger within -their gates who asks for bread is never requested to masticate a stone. -Unfortunately, the citizens of Manatee are not as progressive as -hospitable. A plank wharf or foot-way, connecting the steamboat -warehouse with the shore, is badly needed, and should be constructed at -once. There is a great deal of vitality lying dormant in the old town, -which, if thoroughly aroused and properly applied, would place an -entirely different aspect on the face of affairs. The village contains a -Methodist church, five stores, three boarding-houses, a drug store, an -academy, a meat-shop and a post-office. Dr. George Casper, an -enterprising Manateean, wishing to extend his usefulness, and being -impressed with the belief that it would be a good thing to mix -literature with physic, has issued the prospectus of a weekly newspaper, -to be called the _Manatee County News_. It will be the pioneer paper of -the county, and its editor will have plenty of elbow-room--Manatee -County being as large as the States of Connecticut and Rhode Island. - -One mile east of Manatee, on a point of land formed by the junction of -Braiden Creek with the bay, stands a historic structure, known as -Braiden Castle. It is composed of a concrete of lime and oyster-shells, -two stories high, surmounted by a cupola or observatory, constructed of -wood, from which a charming view of the surrounding country can be had. -South-east, Braiden Creek, winding like a silver thread among -innumerable evergreen islands, presents a view worthy of a poet's dream. -Westward, as far as the eye can scan, can be traced the blue waters of -the bay glinting in the sun or dancing in the moonbeams on their way to -the gulf. Northward, across the bay, the eye meets hammock, pine land -and prairie stretching far away toward Tampa Bay. This old relic, -scarred by Indian bullets, stands a sad memento of better days. Who -shall write its history? - -At Fair Oaks, about one and a half miles south of the castle, on a -portion of the old Braiden plantation, is the largest and most thrifty -young orange grove on the gulf coast of South Florida. It comprises -nearly four thousand trees; belongs to the Hon. Charles H. Foster, -ex-State Treasurer, and is a living, growing, bearing monument to Yankee -pluck, enterprise and industry. Mr. Foster is now erecting at Fair Oaks -the handsomest private residence in South Florida. The most direct -route to Fair Oaks is by the way of Manatee, and the scenery _en route_ -is unsurpassed in the land of the myrtle and ivy. Leaving Rocky Ford, -you pass Glen Falls, whose pellucid waters sparkle and dance over rock -and through chasm, on their course to the Manatee. Graceful palms, with -their evergreen foliage; stately live oaks, draped with pendant moss, -swaying to and fro in the breeze; girdled oaks, gayly festooned from -base to apex with ivy, yellow jessamine and Virginia creeper, gladden -the eye on either side of the road, and orange-blossoms perfume the air -with their delightful fragrance, rendering the scene enchanting as fairy -land. - -In the village of Manatee and adjacent hammock may be seen the orange -groves of Mrs. Gates, Revs. Edmund Lee, A. A. Robinson and E. Glazier, -Messrs. Pelote, Curry, Harllee, Mitchell, Vanderipe, Lloyd, Clark, -Warner, McNeill, Casper, Gates, Wyatt, Adams, Broberg, Reed and Wilson. -Mrs. Gates, Parson Lee and Major Adams also have banana groves in -bearing. The latter gentleman is engaged in erecting a large concrete -mansion, with carriage-house and servants' quarters of the same -material. Situated in an eligible position on the bank of the bay, -surrounded by tropical fruits, flowers and vines, whose evergreen -foliage constantly waving in the breeze, renders the location highly -picturesque. - -Some four or five miles south of Manatee, _en route_ to Sarasota Bay, -are thrifty young orange groves, belonging to the Messrs. Helm, father -and sons, Dryman, Marshall, Younglove, Dunham, Saunders, Azlin, Howell, -Thompson, Williams and Whitted; and on Black-Jack Ridge, near -Braidentown, may be seen the thrifty grove of Judge E. M. Graham. The -groves of the Messrs. Helm are pronounced by every one who have seen -them to be the most promising of their age in the State. They are only -four years old, but will put to the blush many groves twice their age. -They are monuments of clean and persistent culture. - -On the west side of Ware's Creek, skirting the bay, is Willemsenburg, -consisting of three houses and the frame of a mammoth hotel. This grim -skeleton, gray with age, has a history. Erected originally by Dr. -Hunter, at one time a noted physician of New York, and Charles W. -Skinner, a Boston capitalist, on Sanibel, or "Sanitarium" Island, near -Punta Rassa, it was soon blown or washed down. A portion of the wreck, -with additional lumber from Cedar Key, was soon afterward erected at -Sarasota Bay, where another partner, Dr. Dunham, of St. Louis, joined in -the enterprise. A misunderstanding between the trio resulted in the -withdrawal of the two medical men before the structure was completed. -Mr. Skinner subsequently razed the building to the ground, rafted it -through Palmasola Bay into the Manatee, and erected it on its present -site, where it has stood in an unfinished condition during the past five -years. The decease of Mr. Skinner soon after its erection, caused its -progress to stop as suddenly as did "my grandfather's clock" at the -death of its owner. - -Westward, separated by an imaginary line, is Fogartyville, a community -composed principally of boat-builders and seafaring men, with their -families. It contains a store, boat-builder's shed, half a dozen -dwelling-houses, a floating dry-dock with two sections in working order, -and two additional sections nearly completed. The Messrs. Fogarty and -Captain Bhart are the owners of the dry-dock. - -In this cozy little settlement, close down by the waters of the bay, -lives Madam Julia Atzeroth, and in the garden attached to her house was -cultivated with her own hands _the first coffee grown in the United -States_. Madam Atzeroth, or Madam "Joe," as she is called by her -friends, is a character, and deserves an extended notice. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - - MADAM ATZEROTH--BIRTH, PARENTAGE AND MARRIAGE--ARRIVAL IN NEW - YORK--VISIT TO PHILADELPHIA, EASTON AND NEW ORLEANS--ARRIVAL IN - FLORIDA--LOCATES ON TERRACEIA ISLAND--VICISSITUDES OF PIONEER - LIFE--A FRIEND IN NEED, A FRIEND INDEED--ARRIVAL OF HER SISTER AND - FAMILY--TRIP TO NEWNANSVILLE--CORN-DODGERS AND SAWDUST-DEATH OF - MRS. NICHOLS--REMOVAL TO FORT BROOKE, TAMPA--COL. W. W. BELKNAP AND - FAMILY--RETURN TO TERRACEIA--HOMESTEAD PAPERS ILLEGALLY - EXECUTED--RETURN AGAIN TO TAMPA--GALE OF 1846--REMOVE TO - PALMETTO--INDIAN WAR--SCENES DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION--SELL - OUT AT PALMETTO AND SETTLE IN FOGARTYVILLE--FIRST COFFEE GROWN IN - THE UNITED STATES--ITS HISTORY. - - -Madam Julia Atzeroth, whose maiden name was Hunt, was born in the City -of Bradford, near the River Rhine, in Bavaria, on the 25th day of -December, 1807. Of a family of four children--two males and two -females--she is the only survivor. The death of her mother occurring -when she was eleven years of age, she was adopted by an uncle on the -maternal side, with whom she resided until she attained her majority. At -the age of twenty-four years she married Joseph Atzeroth, also a native -of Bavaria. The young couple soon after the birth of their first child, -a daughter, left the Fatherland and immigrated to America. They arrived -in New York in the month of August, 1841, where they remained only a few -months. In consequence of the failing health of Madam Atzeroth, they -visited Philadelphia and Easton, Pa.; but deriving no benefit from -change of location at the North, her physician advised her to go South. -They accordingly went to New Orleans, where they remained about one -year. Madam Atzeroth's health not improving, her attending physician, a -German, proposed a trip to Florida. Laying in a supply of provisions and -medicines, and accompanied by the physician, they engaged passage on -board the schooner _Essex_, a tender for the United States troops -stationed at Fort Brooke, Tampa, where they arrived in the spring of -1843. - -Soon after landing at Tampa, Mr. Atzeroth commenced prospecting for a -desirable place to locate. After looking about for two or three weeks, -he concluded to homestead one hundred and sixty acres of land on -Terraceia Island, and on the 12th day of April, 1843, accompanied by his -wife, little daughter, the German physician and his dog Bonaparte, -landed on the east side of the island about midway of Terraceia Bay. The -hammock was so dense that the men were compelled to use their axes to -clear a space on which to pitch their tent. The underbrush and vines -were so thick, and the progress made by the men so slow, that Madam Joe -seized an axe and assisted them. This was her first attempt at chopping -and grubbing in Florida. Since that time she has become an expert at the -business. When the tent was erected and dinner prepared, it was eaten -with a keen relish. From that time forward Madam Joe felt new life and -strength. Her torpid liver began to perform its normal functions, and -she forthwith discharged the physician and destroyed his medicines. The -doctor went to Key West, where he died soon afterward. - -Having become weary of tent-life, Madam Joe proposed to her husband the -erection of a palmetto hut. Mr. Joe, as the madam always called her -husband, drove the stakes for the frame and gathered the palmetto fans -or branches. The madam mounted the roof and thatched it; but her work -was performed so badly that the first shower of rain deluged the -interior, and its inmates sought refuge under the table. The hut was -subsequently re-thatched, and three of its corners made fast to trees, -which prevented the wind from blowing it down. Soon after the completion -of the hut, their provisions ran short, and Mr. Joe started in a canoe -for Tampa to replenish them. On his return, adverse winds blew his frail -craft around Shaw's Point into Palmasola Bay, and becoming bewildered, -he landed at Sarasota instead of Terraceia. After being buffeted about -by the wind and waves for more than a week, he finally reached home. -During his absence, Madam Joe and her child had no companion save the -dog Bonaparte. The panthers, wild hogs and owls made the nights hideous -with their screams, growls and hootings. One night a raid was made by an -owl on the chickens roosting on the trees overhanging the hut. Madam Joe -seized an old musket of the Methodist persuasion, which usually went off -at half-cock, with the intention of frightening away the "wild -varmints," but it was unloaded. Never having loaded a musket, she was in -a quandary whether to put in first the powder or the shot. Luckily, she -put in the powder before the shot, and stepping to the door of the hut, -discharged the musket into the tops of the trees. She put in too much -powder, and like another gun we read about, it - - "Bore wide the mark and kicked its owner over." - -The owl escaped that time in consequence of being at the wrong end of -the musket. It was subsequently killed by Mr. Joe, and peace reigned -once more among the chickens. Madam Joe subsequently became an expert -with both the shot-gun and rifle, and if reports are reliable, her -unerring aim has caused more than one red-skin to make a hasty exit to -the "happy hunting-grounds." She can also ride a horse astride or -otherwise--seldom otherwise--like a Camanche. - -Becoming disgusted with their frail palmetto hut, Madam and Mr. Joe -felled the trees and commenced the erection of a log-pen house, -consisting of two rooms, with a wide passage running between them. As -there were no saw-mills in the country, boards could not be had at any -price. The roof of the house was covered with split cedar planks, and -the interstices between the logs filled with moss and clay. A chimney -was improvised of sticks plastered with mud. Subsequently, glazed sash -for the windows were imported from New Orleans. Meanwhile the axe had -not been idle. The stately live oaks and graceful palms around the house -had been felled and burned, the land grubbed, and a good-sized vegetable -garden was in successful cultivation. Fort Brooke, some thirty miles -distant, offering a good market for their surplus produce, they hired a -man with a boat to transport and sell their vegetables. Although -bountiful crops rewarded their labor, they were not entirely happy. -Madam Joe was anxious that her only sister, residing in New York, should -emigrate with her family to Florida. But how was the matter to be -accomplished without money? Where there is a will, there is always a way -to accomplish things which at first sight seem to be impossibilities. -The matter was laid before Col. W. G. Belknap, the commander of Fort -Brooke, who cheerfully advanced the required funds, and Mr. Joe left -immediately in a schooner for New York, _via_ Key West. The voyage was -long and tedious, but it was accomplished, and in due course of time, -Mr. Joe returned safely with his brother-in-law, wife and child. - -Another trouble now presented itself. The Armed Occupation Act having -expired previous to locating their land on Terraceia, they were -compelled to go to the United States Land Office, at Newnansville, one -hundred and sixty miles distant, to file the requisite papers. The -country being wild and sparsely settled, Mr. Joe and Mr. Nichols, his -brother-in-law, were compelled to pack their provisions on their backs, -which rendered their journey wearisome and slow. On the third day they -reached a cabin, where they remained over night. While at breakfast on -the following morning, most of their provisions were stolen by some -thieving negroes. The theft not being discovered until they stopped at -mid-day to lunch, they were in a sad plight. They pushed on as fast as -possible, and late in the evening came to a cabin inhabited by very poor -people. A scanty supper was set before them, which they ate and retired -for the night. The breakfast-table on the following morning was -bountifully supplied with hog, hominy and corn-dodgers. Mr. Nichols -having never before seen a corn-dodger, took a large mouthful of one, -and then walking deliberately to the door, spat it out. On resuming his -seat at the table, he requested Mr. Joe, in German, not to eat those -_saw-dust_ cakes. Mr. Joe, knowing the difference between saw-dust and -corn-meal, continued to put away the dodgers, to the great disgust of -his brother-in-law, who finished his breakfast on hog and hominy. They -finally reached Newnansville, transacted their business and returned -safely home, after an absence of about two weeks. - -Soon after the return of her husband from Newnansville, Mrs. Nichols -gave birth to a child. It lived only two hours, and in less than one -week from its birth its mother followed the little angel to - - "The undiscovered country, from whose bourne - No traveler returns." - -The surviving child, a little girl two years old, was adopted by Madam -Joe, who reared and educated her. She is at this time the wife of Mr. -William O'Neil, who resides at Palmetto, on the north side of the -Manatee Bay. - -The money borrowed from Colonel Belknap still remained unpaid, which was -a source of great trouble to Madam Joe. She had the inclination, but not -the means to cancel the debt. The colonel proposed to send for his -family at the North, and install Madam Joe as housekeeper. The -proposition was cheerfully acquiesced in; and early in the year 1845, -Madam Joe, accompanied by her husband, daughter and niece, went to Tampa -and resided in the house of Colonel Belknap, at Fort Brooke. The -Terraceia homestead was left in charge of Mr. Nichols and a hired man. -The colonel's family at that time consisted of his wife, two daughters -and a son. That son, General W. W. Belknap, at present a resident of -Keokuk, Iowa, made an honorable and enviable record during the war of -the Rebellion, and was afterward Secretary of War during a part of -President Grant's administration. - -During the eight months Madam Joe resided with the family of Colonel -Belknap, she frequently saw the wily chief, Billy Bowlegs, and other -noted Seminoles, for whom, to use her own words, she "cooked many a -meal." Close confinement caused a recurrence of her old disease--liver -complaint--and she reluctantly left the hospitable house of Colonel -Belknap for her homestead on Terraceia, where by constant out-door -exercise, she soon regained her usual health. Even at the present day, -Madam Joe's universal panacea is "the grubbing-hoe and elbow-grease." -She practices what she preaches, and unlike the medical profession, -takes her own medicine. Soon after the return of Madam Joe and family to -Terraceia, Mr. Nichols concluded to go to New Orleans. During that -year--1846--the yellow fever nearly depopulated the city, and Mr. -Nichols was probably one of its victims, as he has never been heard from -by his friends since he left Terraceia. - -In the fall of 1846, one of the severest gales that ever visited this -section of the country passed over Tampa, Terraceia, Palmetto and -Manatee. Madam Joe's house was blown down and all her furniture -destroyed. The hen-house was the only structure that survived the storm. -The fowls were dispossessed of their domicile, and the family occupied -it until another house was built. - -In 1848, a government official visited this part of Florida to examine -proofs of claimants to land under the Armed Occupation and Homestead -Acts. On examining Madam Joe's papers, it was discovered that two -permits had been issued for the same number. This error could only be -rectified at the General Land Office in Washington. It was deemed -advisable by Madam Joe and her husband to return to Tampa and remain -there until the mistake in relation to their homestead could be -rectified. Mr. Joe hired a man to assist him in building a house at -Tampa, and they went up the Hillsborough River to cut logs and make -shingles for the structure. In the month of September the logs for the -house were formed into a raft and the shingles placed on it. Everything -being in readiness for a start, a furious gale set in, which destroyed -the raft and scattered the logs and shingles for miles along the banks -of the river. Having gathered the logs and shingles together and rafted -them down to Tampa, Mr. Joe visited his family at Terraceia, where he -learned that during the late storm his wife, child and niece had taken -refuge in the house of a friend on another part of the island. He -returned to Tampa, and his family followed soon after. When Madam Joe -arrived, she did not admire the location her husband had selected for -the house. The frame was taken down and erected on a lot on the -town-side of the river, and was soon occupied by the family. The -property is still owned by Madam Joe. - -Misfortunes, it is said, never come single-handed. In the early part of -1849, Mr. Joe injured one of his feet, and soon after was attacked with -chills and fever, which, despite medical treatment, continued nine -months. At this time Madam Joe's finances were at a fearfully low ebb; -but being equal to the emergency, she cast about for something to do -whereby she could earn an honest penny. She accordingly started a -home-made beer and cake shop, which being liberally patronized by the -soldiers, soon placed her in easy financial circumstances. Her husband -at the same time kept a sutler's store at Fort Chiconicla. - -About this time a partly-finished house, built by a friend--Mr. -Reece--in Palmetto, was sold by the sheriff, and Madam Joe became the -purchaser, with the hope that Mr. Reece would be able to redeem the -property. Failing to do so, Madam Joe and family left Tampa and located -in Palmetto in the year 1851. Here they opened a small store, in which -they did a thriving business. They also cultivated their farm on -Terraceia Island, and by degrees, as their means permitted, stocked it -with cattle, horses and hogs. Additions were also made to their stock of -goods, and finally they purchased a colored man, who was an excellent -farm hand, and proved of great service to his owners. - -In 1855 another Indian war broke out. Volunteer companies, home-guards -and boat companies were organized for protection against Indian -incursions. Many plantations were abandoned and homes broken up. Mr. Joe -belonged to one of the boat companies, and a ten days' scout being -prolonged to twenty days, it was reported that the entire party had been -massacred by the Indians. During the scout they visited the Indian camps -in the Everglades, from whence Mr. Joe brought away as trophies a silver -cup and a spoon belonging to Billy Bowlegs. The cup was subsequently -sold to Colonel Jewett, U. S. A. The country was in a state of commotion -and fever of excitement until the close of the war, in 1858. During -these eventful years, Madam Joe stood guard with her musket or rifle -whenever her services were required. She never showed the white feather. - -Peace had scarcely been restored, when the civil war of 1861 broke out, -and Florida was again in a state of anarchy. Mr. Joe enlisted in the -Confederate service, and served in Tennessee and Kentucky. At the close -of the war, Madam Joe sold her place at Palmetto, with the intention of -returning to Europe, but her physician informed her that she could not -survive a change of climate, which induced her to abandon the idea of -visiting the Fatherland. The family again took up their residence on -Terraceia, where Mr. Joe died on the 29th of October, 1871. Madam Joe -sold part of her Terraceia plantation and moved to Fogartyville, her -present location, in the year 1873. Her garden at this place comprises -only four acres, but nowhere else in Florida can be found so many -different varieties of trees, plants, vegetables, vines, shrubs and -flowers. Mrs. William Fogarty, the daughter of Madam Joe, with her -husband and son, reside with the madam. Here, in the year 1876, was -planted a few grains of Mexican coffee, received from a neighbor, Mrs. -E. S. Warner. On the 20th of February, 1880, Madam Joe sent to the -Commissioner of Agriculture, at Washington, the _first pound of coffee -grown in the United States_, for which she received ten dollars. This -spring she has sent to the Agricultural Department, at Washington, four -pounds of coffee, the product of two trees. Next year she will have -eight coffee trees in bearing, and at least one hundred young trees in -her nursery. As quite a diversity of opinion exists in relation to the -origin of the seed from which the first coffee was grown in the United -States, I append the following communications from Mrs. E. S. Warner, of -Manatee, Fla., and Dr. A. A. Russell, of Cordova, Mexico, published in -the Tampa _Tribune_, of September 26th, 1880: - -"MANATEE, FLA., _August 30th, 1880_. - - "DR. WALL: Dear Sir--I inclose a letter from Dr. A. A. Russell, of - Cordova, Mexico, the gentleman from whose plantation the - coffee-seed was procured that has been successfully reproduced by - Madam Atzeroth here. As the subject of coffee-raising in this State - is causing considerable inquiry, and as this letter contains much - valuable information on the subject, I submit it to you for - publication, asking the favor of having a copy forwarded to the - doctor from your office as soon as issued. Very respectfully, - -"E. S. WARNER." - -"CORDOVA, MEXICO, _May 19th, 1880_. - - "MRS. E. S. WARNER: Madam--It was quite a pleasure to receive your - very kind letter of April 1st. I congratulate you most heartily, - and am proud to learn that from the _seed I sent was produced the - first coffee in the States_. I think I wrote you that the plant - requires shade. In this climate we prefer to plant in fresh, - timbered land; cutting out at first only the undergrowth, and - taking out a few trees every year after for two or three years, - thus graduating the shade and ventilating as appears to be - required. The palatine (or plantain, or banana, as you probably - call it) makes a good shade, and may be cut out, or under leaves - trimmed off as may seem to be necessary. Coffee requires a rich, - vegetable soil, or manure. The berry is fully ripe when dark red, - but the grain is matured if the berry is picked when it has become - yellow or only turning red; however, the coffee is of better - quality if the berry is fully ripe, that is, of a deep or dark red. - When gathered, it should be spread out at once to dry in the sun. - It may be dried on mats, scaffolds or platforms of planks or - boards. In good or favorable weather it requires about three weeks - to dry. Here it is often dried on the ground. It may be spread from - two to four inches thick, and should be stirred twice or three - times a day; and if it should get wet a few times on the dryer, - before half dry, no harm will be done and the coffee not injured in - the least, if frequently stirred to prevent fermentation. When half - dry it should be protected from rain and dew. If it has been wet a - few times it will be more easily cleaned, but if frequently wet it - will be of a darker color; also much darker, and even black and - spoiled, if allowed to heat and ferment. It may be pulped by some - of the pulping machines now in use, the day it is gathered, then - washed and dried. The pulped coffee will dry in a few days, - occupies less space in drying, and is of a lighter color, which, - with you, I presume, are considerations of little importance at - present. - - "You will know the coffee is sufficiently dry when the hull crushes - readily under the foot. The most simple, and, by the way, not a - very bad process for cleaning the coffee, is the primitive mode of - cleaning rice; that is, to beat it out in a deep mortar with a - heavy pestle, and as the chaff accumulates dip out the coffee with - a cup in the left hand, pouring back into the mortar from the - same height, at the same time blowing off the chaff with a fan in - the right hand, repeating the process until clean. - - "There are a variety of machines for hulling and cleaning coffee, - which will be a matter of consideration when the production - requires it. Now that you have succeeded in producing the grain, - you will have less difficulty in propagating from the acclimated - seed, which should be thoroughly ripe, squeezed out of the pulp and - dried in the shade. Hope you will continue successfully, and - establish plantations of importance. - -Your obedient servant, - -"A. A. RUSSELL." - - -[Illustration: MADAM JULIA ATZEROTH. - -The lady who raised the first coffee grown in the United States. - -From a photograph by F. PINARD, Manatee and Tampa.] - -The portrait of Madam Joe is a truthful likeness. Above the medium -height of her sex, with features bronzed by a tropical sun and the -exposure and hardships of a pioneer life, she is nevertheless a -well-preserved matron of seventy-four years, with as noble and generous -a heart as ever pulsated within the breast of a human being. She is -passionately fond of music and waltzing, and can - - "Trip the light fastastic toe" - -as gracefully as a miss of sixteen. May her days in the land be -prolonged beyond fourscore years and ten. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - - THE WARNERS, MOTHER AND SONS--PALMASOLA CITY--STEAM SAW-MILL AND - OTHER IMPROVEMENTS--SAM NICHOLS AND HIS SHELL-MOUND--PALMASOLA - BAY--SARASOTA BAY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS--SNEAD'S - ISLAND--SHELL-MOUND--DATE-PALM AND OLIVE TREES--UNCLE JOE AND HIS - DOGS WITH GLASS EYES--SAPP'S POINT--PALMETTO--THE PATTEN AND TURNER - PLANTATIONS--JUDAH P. BENJAMIN--OAK HILL--TERRACEIA ISLAND--LANDING - OF DE SOTO IN 1539. - - -Westward of Fogartyville, on the south side of the bay, among the most -prominent residences, are those of the Warners, mother and sons. Thence -westward, across a bayou, on a sand-spit projecting into the bay, stands -the steam saw and planing-mill of Messrs. W. S. Warner & Co., just -completed. This mill, wharf and warehouse are the _nuclei_ of Palmasola -City, which is soon to skirt the adjacent sand hills, and cause the -surrounding "wilderness to blossom as the rose." Mr. Warner is a Bay -State Yankee of indomitable pluck, and his partner, Mr. J. S. Beach, who -resides at Terre Haute, Ind., controls the money bags of a national -bank. If capital and pluck wean build a city, the success of Palmasola -may be set down as assured. Along the bay, west of the Warners, are the -ranches of Messrs. Sweetzer, Burgess, Sykes and Bishop. A few miles -further west is Shaw's Point, at the mouth of the bay. Here, on an -immense shell-mound, surrounded by hammock and pine land, Mr. Sam -Nichols, a native of Alabama, has entered a homestead of 160 acres of -land. Although severely wounded during our late "unpleasantness," Mr. -Nichols has beaten his musket into a plowshare, his sword into a -pruning-hook, and, like a good citizen, is earning his bread by the -sweat of his brow. - -Along the Gulf coast, southward, skirting Palmasola and Sarasota Bays, -may be found the hospitable homes of Messrs. Farrar, Adams, Moore, -Buckner, Harp, Stephonse, Tyler, Spang, Crowley, Dorch, Callan, Riggin, -Dunham, Smith, Helveston, Whitaker, Willard, Bidwell, Edmondson, C. E. -and M. R. Abbe, Liddell, Greer, Yonge, Boardman, Young, Lancaster, -Cunliff, Woodworth, Jones, Anderson, Crocker, Hansen, Bronson Bros., -Clower, Lowe, Webb, Griffith, Bacon, Knight, Guptrel and Roberts. - -On the north side of Manatee Bay, at its entrance into Tampa Bay, is -Snead's Island, separated from the mainland by a narrow and shallow -"cut-off" leading into Terraceia Bay, and also by a wider and deeper -channel opening into Tampa Bay, and separating it from Terraceia -Island. Midway of the island, fronting on Manatee Bay, is a curiosity -in the shape of a shell-mound or earth-work, crescent-shaped, and some -forty feet in height. The distance between the points of the crescent on -the bank of the bay, is five hundred feet. On the highest point of the -mound, and nearly in the centre, stands a frame dwelling, somewhat -dilapidated, erected by a former owner of the place. On the eastern -angle are two date-palm and two olive trees. The former are fifteen -inches in diameter and forty feet in height. The latter are eighteen -inches in diameter two feet above the ground, and fifty feet in height. -Both the olive and date-palms bear fruit; the former in large -quantities. On the mound in the centre of the crescent, and near the -house, are two olibanum trees, eighteen inches in diameter and fifty -feet in height. Was this mound an Indian burial place, or was it thrown -up by the early Spanish invaders as a defense against the Natchez, a -warlike and semi-civilized tribe of Indians, who, at the time of the -Spanish conquest, inhabited this part of Florida? _Quien sabe?_ - -The only human occupants of the island at this time are uncle Joe -Franklin and his wife, an aged couple. Uncle Joe lives in a palmetto hut -with a shell floor, and with the old 'oman and two glasseyed dogs as -companions, - - "His hours in cheerful labor fly." - -Uncle Joe is a character, and all visitors to the Manatee should call on -him, examine his mammoth wild fig tree and hedge of century plants. -_Mem._ Ask him to chain his dogs before you go ashore, otherwise the -seat of your inexpressibles will require repairs. I have been there. - -Eastward, above the Terraceia cut-off, is Sapp's Point. Further along, -and directly opposite Braidentown, is Palmetto, a young town containing -two stores and a post-office. The reader will perceive that Uncle Sam -distributes post-offices in Florida with a lavish hand. We have three of -these convenient institutions within a radius of one and a half -miles--Braidentown, Manatee, Palmetto--and Palmasola City, only three -miles distant, will have one as soon as Postmaster Warner shall build an -office to protect the mail matter of that growing city. - -Immediately in the rear of Palmetto is a prairie of several miles in -extent. North-east of the town, about one mile distant in the hammock, -Mr. Hendricks, of Palmetto, has a promising six-years-old orange grove, -grown from seeds planted with his own hands. Mr. Hendricks cultivates -vegetables between the rows of his orange trees, and last year he -realized several hundred dollars by shipping his early tomatoes, -cucumbers and snap-beans to New York and other Northern markets. To Mr. -Hendricks belongs the credit of starting the early vegetable boom in -the Manatee region. - -Mr. David Zehner, from Louisiana, has recently purchased a strip of -scrub hammock, east of the town, where he intends to make the -cultivation of grapes and strawberries a specialty. He has already -received several thousand cuttings and plants of the choicest varieties. -A few miles further eastward, you reach the plantation of Major W. I. -Turner, the god-father of Braidentown, who has forty acres in tomatoes, -cucumbers, squashes and beans. He has already commenced shipping his -vegetables to the Northern markets. - -Half a mile east of Major Turner's is the extensive plantation of Major -George Patten. General Hiram W. Leffingwell, ex-United States Marshal -for the Eastern District of Missouri, has recently purchased 200 acres -of this land, and is negotiating for more. Two of the general's sons, -with their families and an unmarried nephew, are now encamped on the -land, and are busily engaged in erecting dwelling-houses and the -necessary out-buildings. The general and his wife will arrive later in -the season. In addition to the cultivation of the various fruits of the -citrus family, the general will devote his attention to general farm -crops and the growing of early vegetables for the Northern and Western -markets. Another St. Louis gentleman, Mr. C. G. B. Drummond, Assistant -U. S. District Attorney, has purchased 120 acres of land on the Rogers' -hammock near Oak Hill, on which he will set out an orange grove this -summer. - -Mr. H. O. Cannon, a California Argonaut, and late resident of New -Albany, Ind., after having spent several winters prospecting Florida, -has, like a sensible man, concluded to pitch his tent on the Patten -plantation. With this view, he has purchased twenty acres of land, which -he has commenced grubbing and fencing, preparatory to planting an orange -and lemon grove. Mr. C. H. Walworth, of Milwaukee, has purchased twenty -acres of land adjoining Mr. Cannon, which he will have cleared, grubbed -and planted in orange and lemon trees this year. - -In _ante bellum_ times, the present Patten plantation was known first as -the Gamble, and afterward as the Cofield and Davis plantation, and was -the largest and most thoroughly equipped sugar plantation in the State -of Florida. The owners worked 200 hands, and had 1,400 acres of -sugar-cane in one field. Their sugar-mill and refinery contained all the -modern appliances, and, at the commencement of the war, was worth half a -million dollars. Soon after the breaking out of hostilities, most of the -slaves were sent to Louisiana, and work on the plantation was abandoned. -During the last year of the war, a Federal gunboat entered the Manatee -Bay, and a boat's crew, commanded by an officer, blew up the sugar-house -and set fire to the refinery. The destruction was complete; and to-day -may be seen the ponderous fly-wheel of the engine, broken shafts and -crumbling walls--sad mementos of the event. The family mansion, a large -two-story brick structure, with galleries around three sides of both -stories, escaped the hand of the destroyer. Although bearing the -finger-marks of time, it is at this day, a substantial structure, and, -with slight repairs, would weather the storms of another century. -Connected with this old mansion is a history, now for the first time -published. - -Within these walls during the last days of the Southern Confederacy, -when that fabric (on paper) was fast crumbling to pieces, Judah P. -Benjamin, a fugitive from justice, and flying for his life under the -assumed name of Charles Howard, was the guest for nearly two months of -Captain Archibald McNeill, its then occupant. When on that memorable -Sunday, in the spring of 1865, Jeff. Davis and his cabinet hastily fled -from Richmond, Benjamin and Breckinridge struck out for the wilds of -Florida, which seemed to offer a secure retreat. Arrived at Gainsville, -Breckinridge sought refuge on the Atlantic coast, and Benjamin, under -the guidance of Captain L. G. Leslie, started for the Gulf coast, _via_ -Tampa, and arrived safely at the mansion of Captain McNeill. After -remaining nearly two months at Captain McNeill's, Benjamin was conveyed -in a boat to Manatee, and from thence to Sarasoto Bay in a horse-cart, -by Rev. E. Glazier, of Manatee; from thence to Cape Florida in a small -sail-boat, commanded by Captain Fred. Tresca, also a resident of -Manatee. At Cape Florida a larger boat was procured, and after several -hair-breadth escapes from Federal gunboats and the perils of the sea, -Captain Tresca landed his charge safely on one of the islands of the -Bahama group, and returned to Manatee $1,500 richer than when he left -home. Benjamin reached England safely, where he has acquired fame and -fortune. Should this page by chance meet his eye, he will no doubt be -pleased to learn that Captain McNeill, past threescore and ten, has -retired from active life and settled in Manatee, surrounded by a large -family. Captain Tresca, or Captain "Fred.," as he is called by his -friends, lives with his wife and two children on a small plantation near -Braidentown. Although he counts his years away up among the nineties, he -is still a well-preserved "old salt." Rev. E. Glazier is still a -resident of Manatee, and looks as though he had renewed his lease of -life for another half century. Judas betrayed his Master for the paltry -sum of thirty pieces of silver. Twenty-five thousand dollars was the -price offered by the United States Government for the _corpus_ of the -fugitive. The example of Judas was not followed by those who assisted -Benjamin to escape. - -There are more than a thousand acres of the rich hammock land belonging -to this plantation for sale at from $15 to $25 per acre, according to -location. When the fact that it cost originally $75 per acre to clear -this land, is taken into consideration, it will be seen that the price -at which it is now offered is very low, and places it within the reach -of persons of small means. The land will be sold in lots to suit -purchasers. - -Adjoining the grounds of the Patten mansion is the residence of Hamet J. -Craig, who has a young orange grove of three hundred trees and ten acres -of hammock land under cultivation. Five miles further on, in a -north-easterly direction, is Oak Hill, the former residence of Major W. -I. Turner. At this place the major has a bearing orange grove of several -hundred trees, and also one of the most promising six-years-old groves -of six hundred trees to be found in the Manatee region. Adjoining Major -Turner is the grove of Walter Tresca, just coming into bearing, and near -by is the young grove of Mr. William Gillett. - -Terraceia Island, separated from Snead's Island by a narrow channel, is -bounded on the west by Tampa Bay, on the north by Frog Creek, and on the -east by Terraceia Bay. This island contains several tracts of excellent -hammock land, most of which is under improvement. On this island are -located the bearing orange groves of Messrs. Hallock, Lennard and -Williams; Messrs. Kennedy, Howard, Gifford, Watkins, Hobart, Patten and -Wyatt are also located on this island. Judge Cessna, of Gainesville, has -recently purchased a plantation on the island, and will soon locate -there. Other persons on the line of the Transit Railroad having become -disgusted with frost and ice, are seeking homes in the Manatee region. -On the mainland, on the east side, and about midway of Terraceia Bay, is -the plantation of Mr. John Craig. Mr. Craig raises the finest cane and -has the reputation of making the best sugar in Manatee County. - -A short distance north of Terraceia Island, on the mainland, Hernando De -Soto, fresh from the conquest of Peru, where he was associated with -Francisco Pizarro, landed his troops in the latter part of May, 1539. He -sailed from Havana on Sunday, May 18th, 1539, with his troops embarked -in five large ships, two caravels and two brigantines. The disastrous -fate of his predecessors in Florida cast no gloom on the mind of De -Soto, and his assurances of success imparted confidence to those who -accompanied him. He had never been defeated in battle, and was believed -by his soldiers to be invincible. His officers were men of valor and -ripe experience, and his troops were well disciplined, a majority of -them having served in many campaigns, and all were well acquainted with -Indian warfare. - -His wife, Dona Isabella, did not share his enthusiasm, and desired to -accompany him and share the dangers she believed he was about to -encounter; but De Soto strenuously opposed her wishes, and encouraged -her to believe that the time of reunion was not far distant. The -conquest of Florida appeared to De Soto to be an easy task, from which -he could soon return with large accessions of wealth and glory. - -Contrary and baffling winds kept the squadron tossing about in the Gulf -of Mexico for several days. De Soto and his troops obtained their first -view of the Land of Flowers on the morning of the 25th day of May, and -in the afternoon of the same day they came to anchor about two leagues -from the shore. The shoals which extended along the coast prevented the -ships from coming nearer. They had, in the meantime, been discovered by -the natives, who had kindled beacon-fires along the beach, now known as -Pinellas, as signals to collect their forces and be in readiness to -repel their enemies. De Soto's vessels were anchored off the mouth of -Tampa Bay, called by the Spaniards the Bay of Espiritu Santo. - -The Natchez, who inhabited the neighboring country, were governed by a -chief named Ucita, whose hatred of the Spaniards is easily explained. -When Pamphilo de Narvaez visited this region in 1528, he was kindly -received and hospitably entertained by the Chief Ucita, and a treaty of -peace between them was formed; yet, on a very slight pretense, the wily -and bloodthirsty Pamphilo caused the chief's nose to be cut off, and his -aged mother to be torn to pieces by dogs! Hence, the reason why Ucita -displayed implacable resentment in his behavior to De Soto and his -companions in arms. - -Thus, it will be seen that from the earliest history of our country, the -aborigines have been treated with the most impolitic and -unchristian-like barbarity; and it is highly probable that much of that -ferocity which characterizes the Indians of the far West at this time, -may be ascribed to the harsh and merciless treatment which their -ancestors received from the early Spanish explorers, who acted on the -principle that the Indians had no rights that a white man was bound to -respect. - -Wishing to avoid a collision with the Indians at that time, De Soto -weighed anchor, and proceeded with his fleet two leagues further up the -bay, where he disembarked his troops in boats. The place where he landed -was on the eastern shore of Hillsborough Bay, above the mouth of the -Little Manatee River, and near the line which separates Hillsborough and -Manatee Counties. - -The Indians being anxious to get rid of De Soto and his followers, -informed them that _El Dorado_, for which they were seeking, was further -northward. De Soto sent his ships back to Havana, and commenced his -toilsome march overland, which ended with his death and burial in the -Mississippi River, on the 5th day of June, 1542, three years and one -month after the date of his arrival in Tampa Bay. - -[Illustration: SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE. - -The Residence of SAMUEL C. UPHAM, Braidentown, Florida.] - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - - "SUNNYSIDE"--ORANGE AND BANANA GROVES--LEMONS AND LIMES--COFFEE - TREES AND PINE-APPLES--CALIFORNIA GRAPES--QUALITY OF THE LAND--MODE - OF CULTIVATION--FLORIDA, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE--INCREASED - PRODUCTION--BETTER AND CHEAPER TRANSPORTATION--INTERROGATORIES AND - ANSWERS. - - -Having given the reader a hasty outline of the Manatee region, I will -add a brief _resume_ of my personal experience at "Sunnyside" during the -past eighteen months. On my arrival in Braidentown, in the fall of 1879, -my land was a "howling wilderness." At this time I have a young orange -grove of six hundred trees, sixty lemon, fifteen lime, ten guava, half a -dozen olive, two soft-shell almond, twenty coffee, four each Japan plum -and persimmon, two pomegranate, two cocoa-nut and four Le Conte pear -trees, all of which are growing luxuriantly. I also have one acre in -bananas and sixty pine-apple plants, both of which will bear fruit next -year. Around the fence inclosing my house lot, I have sixty California -grape-vines of the choicest varieties, viz.: Flaming Tokay, White Muscat -of Alexandria, Mission and Rose of Peru. The vines are looking well, and -will bear fruit next year. - -The land on which I am located is spruce-pine, interspersed with -water-oak and scrub palmetto, which would be pronounced by the average -Floridian worthless. I had at the commencement, and still have, abiding -faith in the white sand of Florida with a mulatto sub-soil. No matter -how white the surface, if underlaid by a mulatto or yellow sub-soil, the -citrus family will thrive. The foliage of my young trees is dark green, -and their vigorous growth astonishes the "crackers," who predicted a -failure. Owing to the mildness of the climate--my location being exempt -from frost--my trees grew all last winter. My orange trees are set in -parallel rows, thirty feet apart each way; the lemon and lime trees -twenty-five feet apart; the bananas twelve feet, and the pineapples two -feet apart. I hoe my grove every two months, and plow it four times a -year. Thus, by keeping the soil constantly tickled with the hoe, my -trees laugh with a bountiful foliage. What I have done, can be performed -by others. There is no secret about the matter. We welcome immigrants -from the frigid North, from the prairies of the West, and from the lands -beyond the sea. To all we say, come and tarry with us. - -Florida, the first State belonging to the Union, discovered and settled -by Europeans, has, during the past 350 years, been hustled about from -pillar to post like a shuttle-cock. The repeated Indian wars from 1816 -to 1858, rendered life so insecure, that the early settlers literally -carried their lives in their hands. Is it then a matter of surprise that -Florida is so sparsely populated? Mr. J. S. Adams, former Commissioner -of Immigration, truthfully remarks: "The wonder truly is, not that she -has not attained a more flourishing condition, but that she exists at -all, and that her boundless forests, her lovely rivers and her beautiful -lakes are not fast locked in the silent embrace of a moveless -desolation." Since slavery, which rested like an incubus of original sin -on the soil of Florida, has been removed, immigration has been pouring -in from the North and the West, and from the isles of the ocean. -Germany, Italy, France and England have each furnished their quota, and -the forests along the line of the railroads, as well as those accessible -by steamboats, are beginning to show the effects of an advanced -civilization. The gigantic undertaking of draining Lake Okeechobee and -the Everglades, together with the construction of a ship canal, -connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Gulf of Mexico, by Mr. Hamilton -Disston, of Philadelphia, and his coadjutors, is proof positive that a -new era is beginning to dawn on the Land of Flowers, and, ere many -years, the southern portion of the State will be one vast orange grove, -interspersed with the guava, lemon, lime, pine-apple and banana. I hear -the skeptic say: "You will overstock the market, and your fruit will not -pay the cost of transportation." The orange _par excellence_ can be -grown _only_ in the soil of Florida, therefore competition with foreign -countries need not be feared. Florida will soon be able to supply the -cities of the Mediterranean with a superior fruit to that grown on their -own shores, and more cheaply. Increased production and transportation -will cause a corresponding reduction in freight, and also insure greater -and better facilities in the modes of transportation. There will also be -a large reduction in price to the consumer, which will enable the man of -limited means--in other words, the poor man--to indulge with the -millionaire in the daily luxury of the golden apple of the -Hesperides--the Florida orange. The above may be deemed by some persons -chimerical, but time, the great arbiter of events, will solve the -problem. - -By every mail I am in receipt of letters asking all manner of questions -in relation to the climate, soil, productions, etc., of this part of -Florida. At first I cheerfully complied with the requests of my numerous -correspondents, but the novelty has worn off, and the task has become -slightly monotonous. Recently, I received a four-page capsheet letter -from a gentleman in Utah Territory, to which was appended seventeen -interrogatories in relation to the Gulf Coast of South Florida. That -straw broke the camel's back, and, in reply to the following question: -"I see by the last census that Manatee County has a population of over -4,000, and not a death recorded for 1880. Do people ever die there?" I -wrote immediately, "Hardly ever. When we want to start a graveyard, we -kill a man." I am firmly impressed with the belief that my Mormon -correspondent, with a "family of ten persons," will not immigrate to the -Land of Flowers. Below will be found twenty-five questions in relation -to Florida, from correspondents the "wide world over," with answers -appended: - -1st. "At any time of the year do you have severe storms of thunder and -lightning?" - -During the rainy season, thunder showers, accompanied by lightning, -frequently occur, but they are not more severe than in the Northern and -Western States. - -2d. "Are venomous reptiles numerous?" - -During my residence and travels in Florida, I have never seen a -rattlesnake; I have seen a few moccasin, garter, coachwhip and -blacksnakes. The two latter are harmless, and are seldom killed by the -natives. Alligators are not numerous in this vicinity, and are -comparatively harmless. Scorpions and centipedes are seldom met with. -Their sting is no more severe than that of a bee. - -3d. "Is the land about Braidentown sandy or clayey?" - -The land on the margin of the bay is sandy; further back in the hammock, -the soil is dark gray and chocolate color, underlaid with clay and -limestone. - -4th. "Are the people mostly Northern?" - -Like an Englishman's favorite beverage, they are 'alf-and-'alf. - -5th. "What is the name of your nearest town of any importance?" - -Have no towns of "importance" in this section of the country; they are -in the womb of time--not hatched yet. - -6th. "What is the character of your society?" - -Mixed. - -7th. "Do you consider Florida as healthy as California?" - -I consider this Manatee region the sanitarium of the world. A more -healthful spot cannot be found on God's footstool. - -8th. "Do malarial fevers prevail in your section any time during the -year?" - -In the rich, low hammock lands, where vegetation is rank, malarial -fevers exist in the fall of the year. Chills and fever here yield more -readily to proper medical treatment than in the West. Pine land is -exempt from malaria. - -9th. "Does the summer heat prove enervating?" - -That depends on a man's constitution. If born tired, yes. - -10th. "Is it true that the summer weather with you is more -pleasant--less oppressive--than at the North?" - -Yes; the thermometer rarely registers more than 96. It reached that -point only twice last summer. - -11th. "Are the nights in summer always cool?" - -Generally; sometimes cooler than in the winter. - -12th. "Can you work out of doors during the day in summer time?" - -Yes, when it does not rain. I have not seen a day too hot to work out of -doors since my arrival in Florida. - -13th. "Do the crops of vegetables and grass burn under the summer sun?" - -We don't raise vegetables in the summer. Our vegetables are grown in the -winter and spring, when the land at the North is locked fast in the -embrace of frost and ice. The grass here is very nutritious, and large -herds of cattle fatten on it. This section of country supplies Cuba with -beef. - -14th. "Are insects--fleas and mosquitoes--more troublesome than at the -North?" - -Fleas sometimes make it lively with us; but there are fewer mosquitoes -in this locality than in a majority of the Northern States. - -15th. "Do you consider Manatee County one of the best to settle in?" - -It suits me better than any other part of Florida. You might go further -and fare worse. - -16th. "Do you think the Gulf Coast equal to the Atlantic Coast for -climate, health, etc.?" - -Yes; far superior. - -17th. "What is the price of land in your section?" - -That depends upon quality and location. Here, in the settlement of -Braidentown, land is selling at from $25 to $100 per acre. A short -distance back of the town, pine land can be purchased at from $1.50 to -$5 per acre; and hammock land at $10 per acre. Across the bay, nearly -opposite Manatee, on the Patten plantation, good hammock land, once -under cultivation, can be purchased at from $15 to $25 per acre, -according to location. This land is being rapidly metamorphosed into -vegetable gardens, whose products--tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, peas, -etc.--reach the Northern markets during the month of March. - -18th. "What are the business prospects for a new-comer?" - -That will depend a great deal on the "new-comer." Come, investigate and -judge for yourself. - -19. "Can sugar-cane be grown to advantage in your neighborhood? and what -amount of sugar can be made to the acre?" - -The Manatee region is the natural home of the sugar-cane. Here it -tassels, and consequently fully matures. Florida is the only State of -the Union in which the cane tassels. When the Cofield and Davis, now -Patten plantation, was in full operation, the average product was two -hogsheads of sugar to the acre. The cane here ratoons from six to eight -years. - -20th. "What is the cost of clearing land?" - -That depends on the quality of the land. The average pine land can be -cleared and grubbed at from $10 to $20 per acre. Hammock land will cost -double that price. - -21st. "Can lumber be had on the Manatee, and if so, at what price?" - -Heart-pine lumber, suitable for fencing or building purposes, can be had -here at $15 per M. Light wood posts can be purchased at $10 per hundred. - -22d. "What is the price of labor in your vicinity?" - -Colored laborers can be hired at from $15 to $20 per month, with board -or rations. The price is $1 per day when the laborer boards himself. - -23d. "Are fish, oysters and game plentiful?" - -Our rivers and bayous are literally alive with mullet--the mackerel of -the South. Sea-trout (black bass), jack-fish, sheepshead, red-fish, -angel-fish, drum and pompino can also be had in abundance in the water -around Palm Key, at the mouth of the bay. Oysters and clams of a -superior quality can be had in Terraceia and Sarasoto Bays. Deer, -squirrels, quail and wild turkeys abound in the adjoining hammocks. - -24th. "Can you refer me to any person in your vicinity whose health has -been benefited by the climate?" - -Yes; several. Rev. Edmund Lee, of Manatee, arrived here forty-five years -ago, a confirmed invalid; in fact, nearly gone with pulmonary -consumption. On his first arrival he was so weak that it required -considerable effort to pull a mullet off a grid-iron. The healthfulness -of the climate, together with out-door exercise and a clear conscience, -have enabled him to fight the flesh and the devil successfully to the -present time. He is at this time a well-preserved patriarch of -seventy-two years; has outlived two wives, and bids fair to remain many -years longer on this side of Jordan. - -Mr. John M. Helm, residing some three miles south-east of Braidentown, -arrived from Windsor, Ind., about four years since. He also was nearly -gone with consumption. One lung was hepatized, and on the other a -tubercle formed, and discharged after his arrival here. Physicians at -the West pronounced his case hopeless--beyond the reach of medicine--and -recommended the climate of Florida as a last resort. He is now a well -man, and can hoe more orange trees in a day, and hoe them better, than -any man I know in Florida. - -Two years ago I arrived here, clad in porous-plasters, suffering with -chronic rheumatism. Two months later I was as frisky as a lamb in spring -time. I am convinced that my old complaint has left me never to return, -so long as I remain here. I could record other cases, but the above must -suffice for the present. - -25th. "State the most direct route to Braidentown." - -By rail to Cedar Key, the terminus of railroad communication, thence by -the boats of the Tampa Steamship Company to this place. A boat leaves -Cedar Key on Monday and Friday afternoon of each week, and arrives at -Braidentown early on the following morning. Fare, $8. The above is the -advertised programme, but it is sometimes changed to suit wind and -weather. Captains Jackson and Doane are thorough seamen, and do -everything in their power to render passengers comfortable. Whatever may -be the opinion of travelers in regard to the speed and accommodations of -the boats, they will unanimously agree that the fare--$8 for a distance -of less than 100 miles--is _first-class_. A line of light draught, -modern-built and comfortably fitted-up steamboats, between Cedar Key and -Braidentown, would be liberally patronized. Shall we have the boats? -Echo repeats the question. - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - - FLORIDA LETTER PUBLISHED IN A CALIFORNIA PAPER--EDITORIAL - REMARKS--THE "FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH"--THE MANATEE RIVER AND ITS - SURROUNDINGS--TROPICAL FRUITS--GAME AND FISH--THE SPORTSMAN'S - PARADISE--LETTER TO THE EDITRESS OF THE "PHILADELPHIA SUNDAY - TIMES"--THE LAND OF PROMISE--SUNSTROKE AND HYDROPHOBIA - UNKNOWN--COOL NIGHTS DURING THE "DOG DAYS"--PREPARING THE LAND AND - PLANTING AN ORANGE GROVE--THE FLORIDA ORANGE--ROUTE TO THE - MANATEE--CLIMATE OF THE GULF COAST OF SOUTH FLORIDA--RECORD OF - THERMOMETER AND RAINFALL FOR THE YEAR 1880--NO FROST--REPORT IN - RELATION TO THE EFFECTS OF THE FREEZE ON THE ATLANTIC COAST IN - DECEMBER LAST. - - -As the following letters and communications have a direct bearing on the -Manatee region, the reader will pardon their republication. Among the -chaff perchance may be found a few grains of information that will pay -for the perusal. The first letter was written to a personal friend in -the city of New York, who forwarded it to the San Francisco _Examiner_. -It was first published in that paper with the following editorial -remarks; - - "Old Californians are not unfamiliar with the name of Mr. Samuel C. - Upham, an editor upon this coast in the early days, and, of late, - the author of a work entitled _Voyage to California via Cape Horn, - and Scenes in El Dorado in 1849 and 1850_. We are permitted to copy - a letter from that gentleman, written in his humorous style, and - addressed to an old Californian friend, which may prove of interest - to others." - -PHILADELPHIA, _June 16th, 1879_. - - FRIEND C---- : I owe you a letter, and the following is what I have - to say: You are aware that I went South last winter for the benefit - of my health, and that I returned in the spring as frisky as a - lamb. The late hot weather has pulled me down considerably, and I - sigh for the Land of Flowers, where Ponce de Leon searched for the - fountain of youth, and Upham found it. I was so charmed with the - climate of the Gulf Coast of South Florida, that, while there last - winter, I purchased 225 acres of land on the Manatee River, fifty - miles south of Tampa, and Mrs. U. and myself are going down to that - land of promise the coming fall, to plant an orange grove, and sit - under our own vine, orange and eucalyptus trees. It is a delightful - country, away down below "frost line," where the pine-apple, - banana, guava, sapadillo, pomegranate, date, cocoa-nut, orange, - lime and lemon grow almost spontaneously. The rivers are - overflowing with fish, and the forests are overrun with game. - Roasted wild turkeys run about with carving-knives and forks - sticking in their backs, and ask to be eaten. The country now is a - trifle wild, but will soon become tamed and civilized. The people - are hospitable, and welcome all classes of strangers, with the - exception of "carpet-baggers." They have been tried and found - wanting. - - I shall locate in the village--if two stores and four houses can be - dignified by that name--of Braidentown, Manatee County, Florida. - The place is scarcely twelve months old, but is bound to be heard - from--after I locate there. The climate is delightful--sort of an - earthly Paradise. The thermometer during the winter months ranges - from 70 to 75, and in summer rarely exceeds 90, with a - sea-breeze blowing constantly either from the Atlantic or the Gulf. - The nights in summer are invariably cool, and one can lie - comfortably under blankets during "dog days." - - I do not expect to make money in Florida, but I do expect to enjoy - better health than in this city; hence the reason of my exodus. I - shall, first off, plant an orange grove of 500 trees, which, in - eight years, barring accidents, ought to yield me a handsome - revenue. Should I "shuffle off this mortal coil" before these - orange trees commence bearing, I shall feel disappointed--that's - all. I think the change will give me a renewed lease of life; and, - as I intend to plant three-years-old trees, I think the chances are - rather in my favor. The Good Book says: "What does it profit a man - if he gain the whole world and lose his own life?" I am not - prepared to "hand in my checks" just yet; hence my change of base. - I have been watching and praying the past four or five years for - the "good time coming" to put in an appearance, but it has not - arrived, and will not, I fear, during my sojourn in this vale of - tears. I have a mortal dread of the poor-house. In Florida that - institution is unknown. My eldest son will take charge of my store - and laboratory in this city, so the business will go on without - interruption. As I have spun out this letter to a great length, I - will say domino. - -Truly yours, - -S. C. UPHAM. - - -The following letter was published originally in Taggart's _Philadelphia -Sunday Times_, under the following caption: "Life in Florida. -Interesting letter from Samuel C. Upham, formerly of Philadelphia, but -now located in Florida, addressed to our lady editress. Hints to those -who may wish to visit the Flowery Land." - -RIGHT SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE, - -BRAIDENTOWN, FLA., _June 8th, 1880_. - - MY DEAR MRS. BLADEN: In the _Sunday Times_ of the 30th ult., you - say: - - "Mr. Samuel C. Upham, whose popular songs and wonderful California - experiences render him a Philadelphia celebrity, has a large - plantation near Jacksonville." - - It is pleasing to know, when one is far away, that he is not - entirely forgotten by his friends; but you are slightly mistaken - when you say I own a large orange plantation near Jacksonville. I - am located on the Manatee River, some eight miles above its - entrance into Tampa Bay, on the Gulf coast of South Florida, in - latitude 27-1/2, and below "frost line." I visited Jacksonville - and all the towns and landings on the St. Johns, Halifax and - Matanzas Rivers, and also "did" the Suwanee pretty thoroughly - before locating in Braidentown. I prefer this part of Florida to - the Atlantic coast for the following reasons: Healthfulness of - climate, purity of water and immunity from frost and insects. My - health has improved wonderfully since my arrival in the Land of - Flowers, and I am pretty thoroughly convinced that I have obtained - a new lease of life. The sea breezes that fan my brow at morning, - noon and night, act as a tonic on my enfeebled constitution, and I - am daily gaining strength and muscle. I have to-day worked six - hours in my banana grove, with the thermometer at 90 in the shade, - without experiencing any inconvenience from the heat. The heat is - so modified by the constant sea breeze that one can work in the sun - at all hours of the day and at all seasons of the year. Sunstroke - and hydrophobia are unknown here. This statement can be taken - _without_ salt. In midsummer the nights are invariably cool. - Blankets at night are the rule, not the exception. This much about - location and climate; now, a few words about _that_ orange grove. - - My _ranch_ is new, and consequently rather crude. When I located - here in November last, a large portion of it was a "howling - wilderness." Since that time, I have felled the trees, piled the - logs, burned the brush, grubbed and fenced fifteen acres, on ten - acres of which I am now setting out 500 two-years-old sweet - seedling orange trees, which I hope to live long enough to see bear - fruit. Some two months since, I set out 200 banana plants, and they - are doing remarkably well; many of the stalks are six feet in - height. They will bear fruit in about eighteen months. I also have - a patch of sixty pine-apple plants which will bear fruit next year. - I have a few coffee and tea plants, Japan plum and persimmon, - pomegranate, almond and olive trees that are growing luxuriantly. I - brought with me from Philadelphia, half a dozen cocoa-nuts, which I - planted on the 1st of November last, and had given up all hope of - ever seeing them sprout, when, to my great surprise, some two weeks - since, two of them threw up sprouts. They are now one foot high, - and are growing vigorously. The guava thrives admirably here. I - have several trees, and expect soon to luxuriate on guava jelly of - my own manufacture. I will send you a few sample boxes. - - Have you ever eaten a Florida orange, fresh plucked, that ripened - on the tree? If not, visit Florida, and enjoy the greatest luxury - of your life. It is the fruit _par excellence_--fit food for the - gods. I have, in the course of my somewhat eventful life, eaten - oranges in the groves of the Mediterranean, South America, Mexico - and the West Indies, but none can compare with the orange grown in - this State. Our soil is peculiarly adapted to the growth and - maturity of the _perfect_ orange. No other soil can produce it. - The West India and Louisiana seedling orange tree is wonderfully - improved by being transplanted in Florida soil. South Florida will, - ere long, be one vast orange grove, and will supply the world with - her incomparable fruit. She will supply the Mediterranean ports - with better oranges than can possibly be raised in that country. - Won't that be "carrying coals to Newcastle?" I may not live to see - the above prediction verified, but there are persons living at this - time who will. - - If any of your numerous friends think it would be a good thing to - have an orange grove, advise them to visit the Gulf coast of South - Florida before locating elsewhere. Also tell them to drop in at - Braidentown. They may go further and fare worse. The most direct - route to this place is by rail to Cedar Key, the present terminus - of railroad communication, thence by steamer down the coast. The - mail steamers leave Cedar Key twice a week for this place and - Tampa. Leave Cedar Key at 4 o'clock P. M. on Monday and Friday of - each week, and arrive at Braidentown at 7 o'clock the following - morning. _Au revoir._ - -S. C. UPHAM. - -The following communication was published in the _Florida Agriculturist_ -in January last, under the caption of the "_Climate of the Gulf Coast of -South Florida_." - - Having kept a record of the state of the thermometer at 6 o'clock - A. M., 12 o'clock M. and 6 o'clock P. M. at Braidentown, Manatee - County, Florida, from the 1st day of January to the 31st day of - December, 1880, inclusive, I herewith inclose you a synopsis of the - same for publication in the _Agriculturist_, with the hope that it - may interest your numerous readers, especially those in the - Northern and Western States who are seeking homes in - - The land of the orange and guava, - The pine-apple, date and cassava. - - I also send a statement of the rainfall for the year 1880. - - - TEMPERATURE. - - Average temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 71-1/3 - - Average temperature at 12 o'clock M., 83-2/3 - - Average temperature at 6 o'clock P. M., 78-7/8 - - Highest temperature at 12 o'clock M., 96 - July 1st and August 26th, - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 38 - Dec. 31st, - - - RAINFALL. - - ------------+-------------------------- - |Rainy Days. - | |Clear Days. - | | |Cloudy and Partly - | | | Cloudy Days. - ------------+---+---+------------------ - January, | 5| 19| 12 - February, | 3| 24| 5 - March, | 3| 24| 7 - April, | 1| 29| 1 - May, | 12| 4| 27 - June, | 18| 8| 22 - July, | 12| 6| 25 - August, | 18| 8| 23 - September, | 13| 15| 15 - October, | 10| 19| 12 - November, | 3| 15| 15 - December, | 6| 17| 14 - +---+---+------------------ - Total, |104|188|177 - ------------+---+---+------------------ - - Rainfall during year, 69-1/2 inches. - - * * * * * - - At least one-half the days classed as "cloudy and partly cloudy" - were clear one-half of the day, and a majority of the "rainy days" - were clear three-fourths of the day. During the gale on the 29th - and 30th of last August, which was so destructive on the Atlantic - coast of the State, rain fell here almost uninterruptedly for - nearly forty-eight hours, but the wind did little or no damage. The - rainfall during the two days was six and one-half inches, the - heaviest of the season. I have resided here during the past - fourteen months, and, up to this time (January 7th, 1881), there - has been _no frost_, and my tropical fruits and plants have grown - luxuriantly every month of the year. The year just closed, in its - dying throes, kicked the mercury in the thermometer down to 38, - and a slight frost occurred on the opposite side of the Manatee - River, and also in the hammock four or five miles south-east of - Braidentown. The water protection--being surrounded on three sides - by the aqueous fluid--has rendered Braidentown _exempt from frost_. - - Although the rainfall of 1880 has been some nine inches in excess - of the average rainfall in this State, I have passed one of the - most agreeable summers of my life. While the denizens of the St. - Johns and Atlantic coast are shivering in the chilling blasts of - winter, we on the Gulf coast of South Florida are basking in the - sun, with a temperature of 65 at 6 o'clock A. M., 75 at 12 - o'clock M. and 70 at 6 o'clock P. M. If any locality north of - latitude 27-1/2 can present a more favorable record, Braidentown - will yield the palm. - - _Nous verrons._ - -S. C. UPHAM. - -SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE, -BRAIDENTOWN, FLA., Jan. 7th, 1881. - - -BRAIDENTOWN, SOUTH FLORIDA. - -_Editor of the Florida Agriculturist_: - -Several of your Northern and Western subscribers who read the -communication I published in the AGRICULTURIST in January last, giving a -synopsis of the climate of the Manatee region during the year 1880, and -which was reproduced in my recently published book, "Notes from -Sunland," have requested me to publish in your journal a statement of -the thermometer, rainfall etc., in Braidentown for the year 1881. I have -furnished the desired information as briefly as possible: - -TEMPERATURE. - - Average temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 71-1/8 - Average temperature at 12 o'clock M., 83 - Average temperature at 6 o'clock P. M., 78-3/4 - Highest temperature at 12 o'clock M., July 7th - and August 4th, 96 - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock, A. M., January 26th - and November 25th, 44 - - ==========+=========+=======+==========+===== - | |Days on|Cloudy and| - | | which |Partially | - | | Rain | Cloudy |Clear - |Rainfall.| Fell. | Days |Days. - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - January, |5-1/8 in.| 12 | 17 | 14 - February, |2-1/2 in.| 4 | 6 | 22 - March, |2-1/2 in.| 5 | 8 | 23 - April, |2-1/4 in.| 3 | 5 | 25 - May, |2-3/4 in.| 5 | 9 | 22 - June, |6-1/4 in.| 8 | 12 | 18 - July, |4-1/2 in.| 17 | 22 | 9 - August, |5-1/2 in.| 11 | 22 | 9 - September,|4-3/4 in.| 12 | 19 | 12 - October, |1-1/2 in.| 5 | 7 | 24 - November, |2-1/4 in.| 5 | 11 | 19 - December, |2-1/4 in.| 8 | 18 | 12 - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - Total, | 42-1/8 | 95 | 156 |209 - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - -When the difference of rainfall for the years 1880 and '81 is taken into -consideration, the equability of the temperature for the two years is a -surprising and strange coincidence, there being less than one degree -Fahrenheit in the average temperature of the two years. The rainfall for -the year 1881 was 18 inches below the average on the Gulf coast, which -is 60 inches, the difference between the years 1880 and '81 being 27-1/2 -inches; that of 1880 being 9-1/2 inches in excess of the average -rainfall. Although we had, comparatively speaking, no "rainy season" -last year, vegetation and crops have not suffered from drouth. The -vegetable gardeners hereabout were never more sanguine of large crops. -Cucumbers, squashes, and turnips have already been shipped by them to -New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and tomatoes in abundance will -follow next month. Several truckmen from Fairbanks and other places on -the Transit Railroad are this year engaged in raising early vegetables -in the hammocks bordering the Manatee. - -The mercury in the thermometer reached 96 degrees only twice the past -year; and the lowest point indicated was 44 degrees on the morning of -the 26th of January and 25th of November--12 degrees above the freezing -point. We had no frost during the year. My alligator pears, cherimoyas, -custard apples, sapodillas, sour sops, pine-apples, cocoanut trees, and -other tropical fruits are growing luxuriantly; and my wife's camelia -japonicas, hibiscus, and rose bushes in the open air, are in full bloom. -In conclusion, allow me to reiterate what I said last year: "If any -locality north of latitude 27-1/2 degrees can present a more favorable -record, Braidentown will yield the palm." - -S. C. UPHAM. - -_January 2d, 1882._ - - -SYNOPSIS OF THE WEATHER RECORD AT BRAIDENTOWN FOR THE YEAR 1882. - -During a three years' residence in Braidentown, I have kept a -thermometrical record of the weather, also a register of the rainfall. A -synopsis of my observations for the years 1880 and '81 was published in -the _Florida Agriculturist_, in the months of January, 1881 and '82. In -my "Notes from Sunland," published in the fall of 1881, I gave -meteorological tables of the temperature and rainfall at Braidentown, -commencing with the month of January, 1880, and ending with March, -1881--fifteen months. In those tables I gave the record of the -thermometer at 6 o'clock A. M., 12 o'clock M., and 6 o'clock P. M. For -the information of my readers, and also of numerous correspondents at -the North and West, I publish the following summary of the temperature -and rainfall for the year 1882: - -TEMPERATURE. - - Average temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 71 - Average temperature at 12 o'clock M., 83 - Average temperature at 6 o'clock P. M., 78 - Highest temperature at 12 o'clock M., July 19th, 96 - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., December 17th, 38 - - ============================================= - | |Days on|Cloudy and| - | | which |Partially | - | | Rain | Cloudy |Clear - |Rainfall.| Fell. | Days. |Days. - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - January, |2-1/2 in.| 5 | 9 | 22 - February, |1-1/2 in.| 3 | 6 | 22 - March, | 5/8 in.| 4 | 10 | 21 - April, |3-7/8 in.| 7 | 20 | 10 - May, |1-5/8 in.| 6 | 19 | 12 - June, |7 in.| 10 | 23 | 7 - July, |7-1/4 in.| 20 | 22 | 9 - August, |7-1/2 in.| 15 | 15 | 16 - September,|2-1/8 in.| 9 | 13 | 17 - October, |3-5/8 in.| 9 | 11 | 20 - November, |1-1/2 in.| 5 | 11 | 19 - December, |4-1/4 in.| 8 | 12 | 19 - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - Total, | 43-1/2 | 101 | 171 | 194 - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - -Although the difference in the rainfall between the year 1880 and the -years 1881 and '82, was 27-1/2 inches in the former and 26-1/2 inches in -the latter year, there was not a change of one degree Fahrenheit in the -mean temperature of the three years, which indicates a remarkable -equability of temperature. From the above it would seem that the -temperature is not governed by the rainfall. In 1880, rain fell on 104 -days; in 1881, on 95 days, and on 101 days in 1882. - -In 1880 there were 177 cloudy and partially cloudy days; 156 in 1881, -and 171 in 1882. In 1880 there were 188 clear days; 209 in '81, and 194 -in '82. The days on which rain fell were seldom rainy days, in the -common acceptation of the term. Showers from one-half to one hour's -duration were the rule, and an occasional rainy day the exception. - -The highest temperature recorded during the three years was 96 at 12 -o'clock M., on the 1st of July and 26th of August, 1880; July 7th and -August 4th, 1881, and on July 19th, 1882. The lowest temperature during -the three years, was 38 at 6 o'clock A. M., on December 31st, 1880; 44 -on January 26th and November 25th, 1881, and 38 on December 17th, 1882. -Braidentown being surrounded on three sides by water, has, during the -past three years, escaped damage by frost, although we do not claim to -be below the mythical "frost line." The hammocks on the opposite side of -the Manatee River, and on Orange and Bee Ridges, south of Braidentown, -have been visited by frost, and vegetation and tropical fruits have been -injured. - -From the ravages of hurricanes, tornadoes, and cyclones which -occasionally visit the Atlantic coast, and sweep across the northern and -extreme southern portions of our State, we are comparatively free. That -portion of the Gulf coast of South Florida, lying between Clear Water -and Charlotte Harbor, has, for some unexplained reason--probably the -piety of its inhabitants--been exempt from hurricanes and tornadoes -during the past forty years. I do not believe that the Manatee region is -fully entitled to the appellation of Paradise; but I do believe that our -citizens are as near that beatific place as they ever will be while in -the flesh. If any one knows of a more desirable location on earth, or in -the waters under the earth, I shall be pleased to record the fact. - -S. C. UPHAM. - -_January 3d, 1883._ - - -SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE, -BRAIDENTOWN, FLA., _Feb. 5th, 1881_. - -D. H. ELLIOTT, ESQ., -Sec. "_Florida Fruit Growers' Association_," -JACKSONVILLE, FLA., - -DEAR SIR: In the Report of the Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting -of the "Florida Fruit Growers' Association," held in Jacksonville on the -27 ult., and published in the _Daily Union_ of that city on the -following morning, the annexed resolution was published, with the name -of your humble servant appended as one of the committee: - -"_Resolved_, That a committee he appointed to investigate the effects of -the late freeze on the orange and other fruits and vegetables; said -committee to report to the secretary at Jacksonville at the earliest -practicable moment." - -Having received no official notice of my appointment to serve on the -aforesaid committee, I have resolved myself into a committee of one, and -have the honor to respectfully report as follows: - -The old and trite aphorism--"If the mountain will not come to Mahomet, -Mahomet must go to the mountain"--seems peculiarly applicable to the -above resolution. Ergo, if the orange and other fruits of the citrus -family will not thrive 'mid frost and ice, cultivate them in a more -genial climate. With the experience of last fall and the present winter -before me, together with a careful investigation of the climatology of -Florida during the past fifty years, I have come to the conclusion that -the fruits comprising the citrus family cannot be _successfully_ -cultivated in this State north of the 28th parallel of latitude, and the -sooner and more widely this fact is promulgated, the better it will be -for all persons interested or about to become interested in this -laudable and growing industry. The fact that the late freeze killed the -scale insects on the orange trees in middle and north Florida, is _cold_ -comfort for those engaged in orange culture. There are fruits better -adapted to the climate of Florida north of latitude 28 than the orange, -lemon, lime, guava, banana and pine-apple. Why, then, persist in -endeavoring to cultivate those fruits with so dim a prospect of success? -It is kicking against the pricks, hoping against hope. In conclusion, -plant your orange, lemon, lime and banana groves below the 28th parallel -of latitude, tickle the soil constantly with the hoe, and success will -crown your efforts. So mote it be. - -S. C. UPHAM. - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of January, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 65 | 80 | 76 | E. | 1/8 in. |Cloudy A. M., clear P. M. - 2 | 64 | 78 | 76 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 3 | 68 | 82 | 74 | E. | ---- |A. M. clear, P. M. cloudy. - 4 | 64 | 80 | 77 | E. | ---- |Clear with strong E. wind. - 5 | 66 | 80 | 74 |S. E.| ---- |Clear A. M., cloudy P. M. - 6 | 64 | 80 | 74 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 7 | 62 | 80 | 72 |N. W.| ---- | " - 8 | 62 | 78 | 70 | W. | ---- |Cloudy. - 9 | 62 | 82 | 72 | W. | ---- |Clear. - 10 | 61 | 84 | 75 | E. | ---- | " - 11 | 62 | 82 | 72 | E. | ---- | " - 12 | 62 | 82 | 74 | E. | ---- | " - 13 | 64 | 74 | 70 |N. E.| ---- | " - 14 | 58 | 78 | 73 | E. | ---- | " - 15 | 58 | 78 | 72 | S. | ---- | " - 16 | 55 | 86 | 68 | E. | ---- | " - 17 | 58 | 78 | 72 | W. | ---- | " - 18 | 55 | 76 | 66 |N. W.| ---- | " - 19 | 52 | 74 | 70 | E. | ---- | " - 20 | 53 | 78 | 68 |S. W.| ---- | " - 21 | 56 | 78 | 70 | S. | ---- |Cloudy. - 22 | 64 | 76 | 72 | S. | 2 in. |Rain A. M., clear P. M. - 23 | 65 | 82 | 56 | W. | 1/8 in. | " " " " - 24 | 54 | 58 | 58 |N. W.| 3/4 in. |Clear A. M., rain P. M. - 25 | 58 | 73 | 70 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 26 | 71 | 78 | 70 |S. W.| 1/2 in. |Rain A. M., clear P. M. - 27 | 64 | 68 | 62 | W. | ---- |Cloudy. - 28 | 58 | 66 | 63 |N. W.| ---- | " - 29 | 58 | 80 | 72 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 30 | 63 | 86 | 70 |S. E.| ---- | " - 31 | 62 | 80 | 70 | W. | ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,788 | 2,315 | 2,168 | -- |3-1/2 in.| - Av'ge| 57-1/3| 74-3/4| 70 | -- | -- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 19th inst 52 - Highest " 12 " M., 16th and 30th insts 86 - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of February, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 64 | 76 | 63 |N. W.| ---- |Cloudy. - 2 | 62 | 80 | 73 | S. | 1/8 in. |Rain at night. Strong wind - | | | | | | all day. - 3 | 66 | 70 | 62 |N. W.| ---- |Wind has blown a gale - | | | | | | all day. - 4 | 46 | 72 | 58 |S. E.| ---- |Clear A. M., cloudy P. M. - 5 | 56 | 80 | 74 | E. | 1/8 in. |Rain during night, clear - | | | | | | all day. - 6 | 52 | 68 | 62 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 7 | 55 | 74 | 64 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 8 | 62 | 80 | 70 | W. | ---- | " - 9 | 60 | 74 | 68 | E. | ---- | " - 10 | 58 | 86 | 72 | W. | ---- | " - 11 | 57 | 83 | 76 | E. | ---- | " - 12 | 62 | 82 | 74 | W. | ---- | " - 13 | 66 | 79 | 74 | S. | ---- |Clear. Wind blowing a gale. - 14 | 72 | 80 | 75 | S. | 1 in. |Rain during night, cloudy - | | | | | | all day. - 15 | 63 | 74 | 63 |N. E.| ---- |Clear. - 16 | 49 | 78 | 68 | E. | ---- | " - 17 | 58 | 82 | 76 | E. | ---- | " - 18 | 64 | 86 | 74 |S. W.| ---- | " - 19 | 63 | 84 | 70 |N. W.| ---- | " - 20 | 63 | 85 | 72 | E. | ---- | " - 21 | 62 | 77 | 70 | W. | ---- | " - 22 | 67 | 76 | 66 | W. | ---- | " - 23 | 53 | 79 | 69 | W. | ---- | " - 24 | 56 | 81 | 70 | E. | ---- | " - 25 | 60 | 80 | 72 |S. E.| ---- | " - 26 | 62 | 80 | 74 | S. | ---- | " - 27 | 58 | 88 | 74 |N. E.| ---- | " - 28 | 60 | 82 | 72 | W. | ---- | " - 29 | 68 | 87 | 74 |S. E.| ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,744 | 2,303 | 2,034 | -- |1-1/4 in.| - Av'ge| 60-1/8| 79-1/2|70-1/8 | -- | ---- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 4th inst 46 - Highest " 12 " M., 27th inst 88 - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of March, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 60 | 79 | 74 | S. | ---- |Clear. - 2 | 64 | 82 | 79 |N. W.| ---- | " - 3 | 68 | 80 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 4 | 67 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 5 | 64 | 83 | 75 |S. W.| ---- | " - 6 | 64 | 83 | 76 | W. | ---- | " - 7 | 73 | 83 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 8 | 68 | 81 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 9 | 76 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 10 | 74 | 84 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 11 | 68 | 84 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 12 | 71 | 86 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 13 | 67 | 86 | 78 | S. | ---- | " - 14 | 72 | 86 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 15 | 69 | 85 | 78 | S. | ---- | " - 16 | 70 | 84 | 78 | S. | ---- |Cloudy. - 17 | 70 | 84 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 18 | 73 | 84 | 78 |S. W.| ---- |Clear. - 19 | 76 | 84 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 20 | 76 | 83 | 74 | E. | 1/8 in. |Rain during night, cloudy - | | | | | | all day. - 21 | 67 | 80 | 74 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 22 | 65 | 81 | 72 | E. | 1/16 in.|Rain during night, cloudy - | | | | | | all day. - 23 | 64 | 75 | 74 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 24 | 63 | 80 | 75 |N. W.| ---- |Clear. - 25 | 63 | 83 | 78 | E. | ---- | " - 26 | 65 | 82 | 78 | E. | ---- | " - 27 | 68 | 82 | 77 |S. W.| ---- | " - 28 | 75 | 72 | 72 | W. | 1/16 in.|Rain A. M., cloudy P. M. - 29 | 69 | 78 | 69 | W. | ---- |Clear. - 30 | 62 | 76 | 74 |S. E.| ---- | " - 31 | 52 | 76 | 74 | E. | ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,093 | 2,530 | 2,359 | -- | 1/4 in. | - Av'ge| 67-1/2|81-3/4 |76-1/8 | -- | -- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 31st inst 52 - Highest " 12 " M., 12th, 13th and 14th insts 86 - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of April, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+----------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+----------------- - 1 | 60 | 81 | 72 | W. | ---- |Clear. - 2 | 60 | 79 | 75 | W. | ---- | " - 3 | 67 | 82 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 4 | 70 | 80 | 75 |S. W.| ---- | " - 5 | 69 | 81 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 6 | 65 | 83 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 7 | 68 | 82 | 79 |S. W.| ---- | " - 8 | 68 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 9 | 70 | 77 | 69 |S. W.| 1/4 in. |Cloudy, with rain - | | | | | | in the evening. - 10 | 59 | 76 | 68 |N. W.| ---- |Clear. - 11 | 65 | 79 | 75 |S. W.| ---- | " - 12 | 65 | 78 | 76 |S. E.| ---- | " - 13 | 58 | 77 | 75 |S. W.| ---- | " - 14 | 62 | 88 | 80 | E. | ---- | " - 15 | 65 | 83 | 78 |N. W.| ---- | " - 16 | 68 | 83 | 78 |N. W.| ---- | " - 17 | 70 | 84 | 78 | W. | ---- | " - 18 | 75 | 85 | 79 |S. W.| ---- | " - 19 | 74 | 85 | 81 | W. | ---- | " - 20 | 76 | 86 | 85 | W. | ---- | " - 21 | 73 | 86 | 82 | W. | ---- | " - 22 | 69 | 86 | 81 |S. W.| ---- | " - 23 | 72 | 85 | 79 |S. W.| ---- | " - 24 | 73 | 87 | 80 |S. W.| ---- | " - 25 | 73 | 86 | 79 |S. W.| ---- | " - 26 | 72 | 87 | 84 |S. W.| ---- | " - 27 | 73 | 86 | 84 |S. W.| ---- | " - 28 | 76 | 88 | 85 |S. W.| ---- | " - 29 | 74 | 87 | 82 |S. W.| ---- | " - 30 | 76 | 88 | 86 |S. W.| ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+----------------- - Sums,| 2,065 | 2,497 | 2,351 | -- | 1/4 in. | - Av'ge| 68-5/6|83-1/4 | 78-1/3| -- | -- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+----------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 13th inst 58 - Highest " 12 " M., 14th, 28th and 30th insts 88 - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of May, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 73 | 89 | 86 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 2 | 72 | 89 | 79 |S. E.| 1/2 in. |Cloudy, with rain P. M. - 3 | 72 | 80 | 79 |S. E.| ---- | " with Scotch mist. - 4 | 78 | 84 | 84 |S. W.| ---- |Clear. - 5 | 75 | 79 | 81 |S. E.| ---- |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 6 | 74 | 83 | 83 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 7 | 74 | 90 | 74 | E. | 1 in. |Rain during P.M. and night. - 8 | 75 | 80 | 76 | E. |2-1/4 in.| " " " " - 9 | 76 | 85 | 78 | E. | ---- |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 10 | 74 | 87 | 86 |S. W.| ---- |Partly cloudy. - 11 | 73 | 87 | 79 |S. W.| 1 in. |Rain in the afternoon. - 12 | 75 | 78 | 78 |S. W.|1-1/2 in.| " " " - 13 | 72 | 83 | 83 |S. W.| ---- |Cloudy. - 14 | 75 | 84 | 83 |S. W.| ---- | " - 15 | 75 | 83 | 81 | E. | ---- |Cloudy; wind blowing a gale. - 16 | 72 | 85 | 79 | E. | ---- | " " " - 17 | 70 | 86 | 80 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 18 | 73 | 87 | 83 | E. | ---- | " - 19 | 73 | 90 | 84 | E. | ---- | " - 20 | 75 | 90 | 82 |S. E.| 1/2 in. |Rain during P.M. and night. - 21 | 75 | 90 | 80 |S. E.| 1 in. | " " " " - 22 | 75 | 79 | 78 |S. E.| 2 in. | " " the day. - 23 | 78 | 86 | 78 |S. E.| 1 in. | " " " - 24 | 78 | 86 | 78 |S. E.| 1/4 in. | " " " - 25 | 76 | 75 | 78 |S. E.| 1/2 in. | " " " - 26 | 76 | 88 | 78 |S. E.| ---- |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 27 | 75 | 89 | 86 |S. E.| ---- |Partly cloudy. - 28 | 76 | 89 | 89 |S. E.| ---- | " " - 29 | 76 | 90 | 87 |S. E.| 1/4 in. |Rain during night, day clear. - 30 | 78 | 95 | 87 |S. E.| ---- |Clear. - 31 | 80 | 91 | 86 |S. E.| ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,319 | 2,657 | 2,523 | -- |11-3/4 in.| - Av'ge|74-3/4 |85-3/4 |81-1/3 | -- | ---- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 2d, 3d, 13th and 16th insts 72 - Highest " 12 " M., 30th inst 95 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of June, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 80 | 88 | 84 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| Cloudy. - 2 | 82 | 82 | 81 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " - 3 | 80 | 87 | 85 | W. | 1/2 in.| Rain in the afternoon. - 4 | 78 | 91 | 85 |S. E.| | Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 5 | 80 | 89 | 82 |S. E.|1-1/2 in.| Rain in the afternoon. - 6 | 81 | 87 | 80 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " " " - 7 | 79 | 90 | 85 |S. W.| | Clear. - 8 | 80 | 89 | 87 |S. W.| | " - 9 | 82 | 91 | 90 |S. W.| 1 in.| Rain in evening. - 10 | 78 | 92 | 78 |S. W.| 1 in.| " " afternoon. - 11 | 80 | 90 | 78 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| " " " - 12 | 79 | 92 | 88 |S. W.| | Clear. - 13 | 82 | 90 | 88 |S. W.| | " - 14 | 84 | 91 | 87 | W. | | " - 15 | 86 | 92 | 88 | W. | | " - 16 | 85 | 91 | 87 | W. | | " - 17 | 79 | 89 | 88 |S. W.| 1 in.| Rain A. M., clear P. M. - 18 | 80 | 88 | 88 |S. W.| | Clear. - 19 | 77 | 79 | 83 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| Rain A. M., clear P. M. - 20 | 80 | 86 | 76 | E. | | Cloudy. - 21 | 76 | 80 | 78 |S. W.| 1/8 in.| " - 22 | 74 | 88 | 80 |S. E.| 1/4 in.| Rain P. M. and at night. - 23 | 78 | 87 | 84 | S. | 1 in.| Rain during night. - 24 | 78 | 90 | 84 |S. E.| | Cloudy. - 25 | 78 | 87 | 86 | S. | 1/16 in.| Rain during afternoon. - 26 | 80 | 92 | 86 |S. E.| |} Shower during afternoon. - 27 | 86 | 91 | 84 |S. W.| |} Light shower in afternoon. - 28 | 82 | 88 | 89 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|} " " " " - 29 | 81 | 86 | 86 |S. W.| |} " " " " - 30 | 83 | 94 | 86 |S. W.| |} " " " " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,408 | 2,657 | 2,531 | |8-7/8 in.| - Av'ge| 80-1/4| 88-1/2| 84-1/3| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 22d inst. 74 - Highest " 12 " M., 30th inst. 94 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of July, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 82 | 96 | 82 |S. W.|1-3/4 in.|Rain during the afternoon. - 2 | 82 | 92 | 87 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| " " " - 3 | 84 | 91 | 90 |S. W.| |Clear. - 4 | 84 | 91 | 84 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 5 | 82 | 93 | 91 |S. W.| |Clear. - 6 | 84 | 92 | 88 |S. W.| |Scotch mist in the afternoon. - 7 | 84 | 79 | 84 |S. E.| 1/16 in.|Rain during P. M. - 8 | 84 | 93 | 89 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " " " - 9 | 81 | 85 | 81 |S. E.| 3/4 in.| " " " - 10 | 82 | 92 | 88 |S. W.| |Clear. - 11 | 86 | 89 | 82 |S. W.| |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 12 | 82 | 84 | 86 |S. W.| | " " " - 13 | 83 | 93 | 87 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 14 | 86 | 90 | 83 |S. W.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 15 | 82 | 92 | 88 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 16 | 88 | 90 | 88 |S. W.| | " - 17 | 86 | 89 | 88 |S. E.| | " - 18 | 84 | 93 | 90 |S. W.| | " - 19 | 86 | 90 | 88 |S. W.| | " - 20 | 88 | 91 | 89 |S. W.| |Clear. - 21 | 88 | 93 | 90 |S. W.| | " - 22 | 88 | 90 | 87 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|Cloudy: rain in the evening. - 23 | 84 | 92 | 84 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 24 | 84 | 93 | 88 |S. W.|1-1/2 in.|Cloudy: rain in the evening. - 25 | 84 | 94 | 82 |S. E.| |Scotch mist in the afternoon. - 26 | 80 | 80 | 83 |S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the evening. - 27 | 80 | 80 | 83 |S. E.| 1 in.| " " afternoon. - 28 | 80 | 87 | 83 |S. E.| 1/8 in.| " " " - 29 | 83 | 90 | 87 |S. W.| |Cloudy and misty. - 30 | 82 | 90 | 85 |S. W.| |Clear. - 31 | 80 | 84 | 83 |S. W.| 1/16 in.|Rain at noon. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,593 | 2,778 | 2,683 | |7-1/4 in.| - Av'ge| 83-3/4| 89-1/2| 86-3/4| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A.M., 26th, 27th, 28th and 31st insts. 80 - Highest " 12 " M., 1st inst. 96 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of August, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 82 | 91 | 86 |S. W.| |Clear. - 2 | 82 | 91 | 83 |S. E.| | " - 3 | 82 | 90 | 80 |S. W.| 1 in.|Rain during night. - 4 | 78 | 82 | 79 |S. E.|1-1/4 in.| " " day and night. - 5 | 78 | 80 | 82 |S. E.|1-1/2 in.| " " forenoon. - 6 | 78 | 83 | 82 |S. W.| 1/16 in.| " " afternoon. - 7 | 79 | 93 | 80 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| " " " - 8 | 82 | 92 | 84 |S. E.| 1 in.| " " " - 9 | 82 | 92 | 83 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " " " - 10 | 81 | 91 | 88 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 11 | 82 | 94 | 80 |S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 12 | 84 | 94 | 84 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " " " - 13 | 82 | 90 | 87 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 14 | 81 | 91 | 92 |S. W.| | " - 15 | 82 | 93 | 79 |S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 16 | 80 | 93 | 84 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 17 | 82 | 95 | 80 |S. E.| 2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 18 | 80 | 91 | 86 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 19 | 78 | 93 | 90 |S. E.| |Clear. - 20 | 82 | 89 | 86 |S. E.| 1/16 in.|Cloudy, rain in the P.M. - 21 | 80 | 89 | 89 |S. W.| |Clear. - 22 | 84 | 92 | 89 |S. W.| | " - 23 | 86 | 96 | 90 |S. W.| | " - 24 | 84 | 93 | 88 |S. E.| 1/16 in.|Cloudy, with rain in the P.M. - 25 | 82 | 95 | 85 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| " " " " " - 26 | 81 | 96 | 88 |S. E.| 1 in.| " " " " " - 27 | 82 | 94 | 91 |S. E.| |Clear. - 28 | 82 | 95 | 88 |S. E.| | " - 29 | 84 | 84 | 83 |S. W.|3-1/2 in.|Rain, wind blowing gale day - | | | | | | and night. - 30 | 78 | 82 | 82 | S. | 3 in.| " " " " " - 31 | 80 | 90 | 84 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Rain during the forenoon. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,520 | 2,814 | 2,642 | | 17 in.| - Av'ge| 84 | 93-3/4| 88 | | | - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A.M., 4th, 5th, 6th, 19th and 30th insts. - 78 - Highest " 12 " M., 23d and 26th insts. 96 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of September, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 81 | 86 | 82|S. E.| 1/4 in.|Cloudy, with rain in P. M. - 2 | 73 | 88 | 78|S. W.| 1 in.| " " " - 3 | 78 | 92 | 81| S. | 1 in.| " " " - 4 | 80 | 92 | 88|S. E.| |Clear. - 5 | 82 | 92 | 87|S. E.| |Clear A. M., cloudy P. M. - 6 | 81 | 90 | 87|S. E.| |Clear. - 7 | 81 | 88 | 85|S. W.| | " - 8 | 81 | 90 | 84|S. W.| | " - 9 | 82 | 92 | 86|S. W.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 10 | 80 | 94 | 87|S. E.| 1/8 in.| " " " - 11 | 82 | 92 | 88|S. E.| |Cloudy. - 12 | 82 | 94 | 87|S. W.| 1 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 13 | 80 | 92 | 90| S. | 1/2 in.|Clear day, rain during night. - 14 | 82 | 90 | 88|S. E.| |Clear. - 15 | 80 | 91 | 83|S. E.| 3/4 in.|Clear day, rain during night. - 16 | 78 | 77 | 78|S. E.| |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 17 | 75 | 87 | 88|S. E.| |Clear. - 18 | 78 | 85 | 81|S. E.| |Cloudy, with strong wind. - 19 | 75 | 90 | 81|S. E.| 1/16 in.|Clear A. M., rain P. M. - 20 | 78 | 90 | 84|S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 21 | 78 | 93 | 88|S. E.| 1/4 in.| " " " - 22 | 78 | 92 | 87|S. E.| |Clear. - 23 | 78 | 94 | 89|S. E.| | " - 24 | 77 | 94 | 90|S. E.| | " - 25 | 80 | 90 | 85| S. | | " - 26 | 78 | 92 | 87|S. W.| 1/4 in.|Rain during early part of - | | | | | | night. - 27 | 80 | 87 | 86|S. W.| 1 in.|Rain in the morning. - 28 | 85 | 90 | 86|N. W.| |Clear. - 29 | 79 | 88 | 84|S. E.| | " - 30 | 70 | 90 | 87|S. E.| | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,377 | 2,702 | 2,562 | |7-1/8 in.| - Av'ge| 79-1/4| 90 | 85 | | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A.M., 30th inst. 70 - Highest " 12 " M., 10th, 12th, 23d and 24th insts. 94 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of October, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 73 | 92 | 87 |S. E.| |Clear. - 2 | 70 | 90 | 85 |S. E.| | " - 3 | 76 | 92 | 87 |S. E.| | " - 4 | 76 | 92 | 85 |S. E.| | " - 5 | 77 | 86 | 81 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Cloudy, with rain. - 6 | 76 | 80 | 80 |S. E.| 1/8 in.| " " " - 7 | 78 | 80 | 78 |S. E.| 3 in.|Cloudy, with heavy rain. - 8 | 82 | 86 | 85 |S. W.| 2 in.|Clear A. M., rain P. M. - 9 | 80 | 82 | 79 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 10 | 76 | 90 | 87 | S. | |Clear. - 11 | 78 | 90 | 86 | E. | | " - 12 | 78 | 88 | 82 | E. | | " - 13 | 70 | 88 | 88 | E. | | " - 14 | 76 | 93 | 82 | E. | | " - 15 | 70 | 87 | 82 | E. | | " - 16 | 68 | 87 | 80 | E. | | " - 17 | 72 | 85 | 77 | S. | 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 18 | 66 | 79 | 75 | E. | |Clear. - 19 | 69 | 84 | 81 |N. E.| | " - 20 | 75 | 86 | 80 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Rain in the morning. - 21 | 70 | 87 | 82 |S. E.| 1 in.| " during the night. - 22 | 78 | 82 | 76 |N. W.| 1/2 in.| " in the morning. - 23 | 68 | 78 | 73 | W. | |Clear. - 24 | 62 | 80 | 76 |S. E.| | " - 25 | 60 | 79 | 80 | E. | | " - 26 | 62 | 82 | 80 |S. E.| | " - 27 | 68 | 86 | 81 |S. E.| | " - 28 | 74 | 72 | 74 |S. E.|1-3/4 in.|Cloudy, with heavy rain. - 29 | 70 | 80 | 79 |N. W.| 1/4 in.| " " rain. - 30 | 75 | 80 | 76 |N. W.| |Cloudy. - 31 | 72 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| |Clear. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,245 | 2,625 | 2,502 | |9-3/8 in.| - Av'ge| 72-1/2| 84-3/4| 80-3/4| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 25th inst. 60 - Highest " 12 " M., 14th inst. 93 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of November, 1880, with Remarks, in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 68 | 86 | 79 |S. E.| |Cloudy A. M., Clear P. M. - 2 | 68 | 82 | 78 |N. W.| |Clear A. M., Cloudy P. M. - 3 | 68 | 83 | 78 |S. W.| |Clear. - 4 | 70 | 80 | 80 |N. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain during the night. - 5 | 78 | 86 | 82 | S. | |Clear. - 6 | 77 | 86 | 81 | S. | | " - 7 | 74 | 75 | 76 | N. | |Cloudy. - 8 | 70 | 80 | 77 |S. E.| | " - 9 | 72 | 90 | 85 | E. | |Clear. - 10 | 77 | 85 | 78 | S. | |Cloudy. - 11 | 70 | 84 | 78 |S. E.| |Clear. - 12 | 70 | 82 | 82 | E. | | " - 13 | 70 | 87 | 86 |S. E.| | " - 14 | 74 | 83 | 80 | S. | 1/4 in.|Clear day, rain at night. - 15 | 70 | 70 | 66 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 16 | 50 | 72 | 71 |S. E.| |Clear. - 17 | 60 | 75 | 73 | W. | | " - 18 | 64 | 80 | 76 | W. | |Cloudy. - 19 | 70 | 78 | 79 | E. | | " - 20 | 77 | 75 | 72 |N. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the forenoon. - 21 | 62 | 76 | 77 | E. | |Clear A. M., Cloudy P. M. - 22 | 68 | 84 | 76 | E. | | " " " " - 23 | 63 | 76 | 67 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 24 | 65 | 79 | 79 |S. E.| | " - 25 | 71 | 80 | 74 |N. W.| | " and foggy. - 26 | 71 | 75 | 75 |S. E.| | - 27 | 72 | 80 | 76 |S. E.| |Clear. - 28 | 71 | 84 | 78 | S. | | " - 29 | 71 | 84 | 84 |S. E.| | " - 30 | 70 | 86 | 78 |S. E.| | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,081 | 2,412 | 2,321 | |1-1/4 in.| - Av'ge| 69-1/3| 80-1/3| 77-1/3| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A.M., 16th inst. 50 - Highest " 12 " M., 9th inst. 90 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of December, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 71 | 80 | 80 | S. | |Cloudy. - 2 | 76 | 84 | 84 | W. | | " - 3 | 72 | 82 | 82 |S. W.| |Clear. - 4 | 69 | 82 | 80 | S. | | " - 5 | 70 | 82 | 78 | S. | | " - 6 | 76 | 77 | 73 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|Cloudy, with rain. - 7 | 56 | 68 | 65 |N. E.| |Clear. - 8 | 45 | 72 | 64 | E. | | " - 9 | 52 | 73 | 72 |N. E.| | " - 10 | 52 | 69 | 68 |N. E.| | " - 11 | 45 | 72 | 69 |N. E.| | " - 12 | 50 | 75 | 72 |N. E.| | " - 13 | 50 | 79 | 75 |N. W.| | " - 14 | 58 | 78 | 70 |S. E.| | " - 15 | 60 | 78 | 73 | S. | | " - 16 | 65 | 81 | 75 | S. | | " - 17 | 66 | 82 | 75 | S. | | " - 18 | 70 | 82 | 74 |S. W.| 3/4 in.|Rain morning and afternoon. - 19 | 70 | 77 | 70 | S. | 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 20 | 70 | 81 | 65 |N. W.| |Cloudy. - 21 | 58 | 60 | 55 |N. W.| | " - 22 | 42 | 56 | 54 |N. E.| | " - 23 | 46 | 71 | 68 |S. E.| |Clear. - 24 | 58 | 71 | 67 |S. W.| | " - 25 | 62 | 69 | 68 | S. | 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 26 | 52 | 66 | 58 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 27 | 52 | 63 | 60 |N. W.| | " - 28 | 43 | 65 | 65 |S. E.| |Clear. - 29 | 54 | 71 | 60 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 30 | 40 | 51 | 45 |N. W.| |Cloudy. - 31 | 38 | 50 | 53 |N. E.| 1 in.|Drizzling rain. Coldest day - | | | | | | of the year. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,788 | 2,237 | 2,117 | |2-3/4 in.| - Av'ge| 57-3/4| 74-1/3| 68-1/4| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 31st inst. 38 - Highest " 12 " M., 2d inst. 84 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of January, 1881, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 54 | 78 | 59 | S. |1-1/2 in.|Rain during the afternoon. - 2 | 50 | 67 | 63 | E. | |Clear. - 3 | 46 | 74 | 70 | E. | | " - 4 | 69 | 80 | 77 | S. | | " - 5 | 74 | 79 | 71 | S. | 1 in.|Rain nearly all day. - 6 | 66 | 68 | 66 | E. | 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 7 | 63 | 67 | 67 | E. | 1 in.|Rain morning and afternoon. - 8 | 65 | 68 | 69 |S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 9 | 66 | 75 | 72 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 10 | 73 | 80 | 75 | S. | 1/4 in.|Rain during the night. - 11 | 68 | 76 | 65 |N. W.| 1/8 in.| " afternoon. - 12 | 54 | 62 | 62 | E. | |Cloudy. - 13 | 48 | 78 | 75 | E. | |Clear. - 14 | 64 | 75 | 70 | S. | |Cloudy. - 15 | 68 | 77 | 70 | W. | 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 16 | 66 | 82 | 76 |S. W.| |Clear. - 17 | 64 | 83 | 80 |S. E.| | " - 18 | 66 | 87 | 79 | E. | | " - 19 | 66 | 83 | 78 |S. E.| | " - 20 | 66 | 77 | 72 | S. | |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 21 | 66 | 75 | 70 |S. W.| |Clear A. M., cloudy P. M. - 22 | 60 | 76 | 66 |S. E.| |Clear. - 23 | 57 | 60 | 58 |N. E.| 1/4 in.|Rain P. M. and night. - 24 | 53 | 60 | 56 |N. W.| 1/4 in.| " " - 25 | 52 | 55 | 52 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 26 | 44 | 76 | 64 |N. E.| |Clear. - 27 | 48 | 72 | 62 |N. E.| | " - 28 | 54 | 67 | 64 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 29 | 56 | 80 | 74 | E. | |Clear. - 30 | 60 | 78 | 76 |N. W.| | " - 31 | 55 | 78 | 74 |N. W.| | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,861 | 2,293 | 2,132 | |5-1/8 in.| - Av'ge| 60 | 74 | 68-3/4| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 26th inst. 44 - Highest " 12 " M., 17th and 19th insts. 83 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of February, 1881, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 56 | 76 | 72 |S. E.| |Clear. - 2 | 65 | 71 | 70 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 3 | 54 | 70 | 67 |S. W.| |Clear. - 4 | 50 | 65 | 62 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 5 | 52 | 75 | 69 |N. E.| |Clear. - 6 | 62 | 75 | 69 |N. E.| |Clear, wind blowing a gale. - 7 | 66 | 78 | 72 |N. E.| | " " " " - 8 | 64 | 79 | 73 | E. | | " " " " - 9 | 68 | 72 | 70 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 10 | 65 | 84 | 78 |S. E.| |Clear. - 11 | 70 | 81 | 75 | S. | | " - 12 | 64 | 72 | 64 |S. W.| 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 13 | 66 | 69 | 59 | W. | |Clear. - 14 | 48 | 66 | 62 |N. W.| | " - 15 | 52 | 75 | 66 |N. W.| | " - 16 | 58 | 80 | 74 |N. E.| | " - 17 | 59 | 84 | 76 |S. E.| | " - 18 | 62 | 85 | 76 |S. E.| | " - 19 | 67 | 82 | 74 |S. E.| | " - 20 | 69 | 81 | 74 |S. W.| | " - 21 | 65 | 76 | 69 |N. W.| | " - 22 | 60 | 80 | 66 |S. W.| | " - 23 | 58 | 80 | 73 |S. E.| | " - 24 | 58 | 80 | 74 |N. E.| | " - 25 | 60 | 79 | 74 | E. | |Cloudy. - 26 | 60 | 84 | 77 |S. E.| |Clear. - 27 | 65 | 79 | 69 | S. | 2 in.|Rain, with wind blowing a - | | | | | | gale. - 28 | 69 | 76 | 66 | W. | |Clear, " " " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,712 | 2,054 | 1,970 | |2-1/2 in.| - Av'ge| 61-7/8| 73-1/2| 70-1/2| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 14th inst. 48 - Highest " 12 " M., 18th inst. 85 - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of March, 1881, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 59 | 74 | 61 |N. W.| |Clear. - 2 | 59 | 75 | 69 |N. W.| | " - 3 | 60 | 75 | 71 |S. W.| | " - 4 | 59 | 71 | 63 |N. W.| | " - 5 | 66 | 74 | 63 |N. W.| | " - 6 | 59 | 68 | 68 |N. W.| | " - 7 | 53 | 72 | 73 | E. | | " - 8 | 60 | 78 | 69 | S. |1-1/4 in.|Rain P. M. and night. - 9 | 62 | 78 | 67 |N. W.| |Clear. - 10 | 57 | 72 | 70 |S. E.| | " - 11 | 52 | 79 | 73 |S. E.| | " - 12 | 73 | 81 | 75 |S. W.| |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 13 | 73 | 75 | 72 |N. W.| | " - 14 | 65 | 80 | 77 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 15 | 67 | 88 | 80 |N. E.| |Clear. - 16 | 67 | 83 | 75 | S. | | " - 17 | 66 | 80 | 76 |S. W.| | " - 18 | 72 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| | " - 19 | 72 | 79 | 76 |S. W.| 1 in.|Cloudy, rain P.M. and night. - 20 | 63 | 70 | 64 |N. W.| |Cloudy. - 21 | 63 | 74 | 67 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|Cloudy, with rain at night. - 22 | 62 | 65 | 61 |N. E.| |Clear, wind blowing a gale. - 23 | 52 | 66 | 58 |N. W.| |Clear. - 24 | 59 | 74 | 71 |N. W.| | " - 25 | 56 | 74 | 66 |S. W.| | " - 26 | 65 | 70 | 69 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 27 | 60 | 72 | 63 |S. W.| |Clear. - 28 | 52 | 78 | 71 |S. E.| | " - 29 | 57 | 75 | 70 |S. W.| | " - 30 | 59 | 65 | 64 |N. W.| |Clear, wind blowing a gale. - 31 | 60 | 68 | 63 |N. W.| | " " " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,914 | 2,315 | 2,143 | |2-1/2 in.| - Av'ge| 62 | 74-3/4| 69-1/2| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock, A. M., 11th, 23d and 28th insts. 52 - Highest " 12 " M., 15th inst. 88 - - * * * * * - -Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber: - -was know first=> was known first {pg 65} - -Heathfulness of climate=> Healthfulness of climate {pg 89} - - - - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Florida: Past and present, by Samuel Curtis Upham - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORIDA: PAST AND PRESENT *** - -***** This file should be named 44189-8.txt or 44189-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/1/8/44189/ - -Produced by Ann Jury, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Florida: Past and present - together with notes from Sunland, on the Manatee River, - Gulf Coast of South Florida - -Author: Samuel Curtis Upham - -Release Date: November 15, 2013 [EBook #44189] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORIDA: PAST AND PRESENT *** - - - - -Produced by Ann Jury, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="331" height="550" alt="bookcover" title="" /> -</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="border: 2px black solid;;margin:auto auto;max-width:50%; -padding:1%;"> -<tr><td> -<p>Every attempt has been made to replicate the original as printed.</p> -<p>Some typographical errors have been corrected; -<a href="#transcrib">a list follows the text</a>.</p> -<p><a href="#PREFACE1"><b>Preface.</b></a></p> -<p><a href="#PREFACE2"><b>Preface To The Enlarged Edition</b></a></p> -<p><a href="#CHAPTER_I"><b>Chapter I., </b></a> -<a href="#CHAPTER_II"><b>Chapter II., </b></a> -<a href="#CHAPTER_III"><b>Chapter III., </b></a> -<a href="#CHAPTER_IV"><b>Chapter IV., </b></a> -<a href="#CHAPTER_V"><b>Chapter V., </b></a> -<a href="#CHAPTER_VI"><b>Chapter VI., </b></a> -<a href="#CHAPTER_VII"><b>Chapter VII.</b></a></p> -<p class="c">(etext transcriber's note)</p></td></tr> -</table> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<a href="images/title_lg.jpg"> -<br /> -<img class="enlargeimage" -src="images/enlarge-image.jpg" -alt="" -width="18" -height="14" /> -<br /> -<img src="images/title.jpg" -width="324" -height="500" -alt="Florida -PAST AND PRESENT, - -TOGETHER WITH NOTES FROM - -SUNLAND, - -ON THE - -MANATEE RIVER, GULF COAST OF SOUTH -FLORIDA: -ITS CLIMATE, SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS. -The Land of the Orange and Guava, -The Pine-Apple, Date and Cassava. -By SAMUEL C. UPHAM. -ILLUSTRATED. -Jacksonville, Fla.: -ASHMEAD BROTHERS. -1883." -title="Florida -PAST AND PRESENT, -TOGETHER WITH NOTES FROM -SUNLAND, -ON THE -MANATEE RIVER, GULF COAST OF SOUTH -FLORIDA: -ITS CLIMATE, SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS. -The Land of the Orange and Guava, -The Pine-Apple, Date and Cassava. -By SAMUEL C. UPHAM. -ILLUSTRATED. -Jacksonville, Fla.: -ASHMEAD BROTHERS. -1883." /></a></div> - -<p><a name="page_001" id="page_001"></a></p> - -<p><a name="page_002" id="page_002"></a></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<a href="images/i_frontispiece_map_lg.jpg"> -<br /> -<img class="enlargeimage" -src="images/enlarge-image.jpg" -alt="" -width="18" -height="14" /></a> -<a href="images/i_frontispiece_map_hg.jpg"> -<br /> -<img class="enlargeimage" -src="images/enlarge-image.jpg" -alt="" -width="28" -height="24" /></a> -<br /> -<img src="images/i_frontispiece_map_sml.jpg" width="308" height="550" -alt="PART OF THE GULF COAST OF FLORIDA." -title="PART OF THE GULF COAST OF FLORIDA." /> -<br /> -<span class="caption">PART OF THE GULF COAST OF FLORIDA.</span> -</div> - -<p><a name="page_003" id="page_003"></a></p> - -<h1><img src="images/florida.png" -width="500" -height="87" -alt="Florida:" -title="Florida:" -/><br /> -<br /> -PAST AND PRESENT,<br /> -<br /> -<small><small><small>TOGETHER WITH NOTES FROM</small></small></small><br /> -<br /> -<img src="images/sunland.png" -width="400" -height="61" -alt="SUNLAND," -title="SUNLAND," -/><br /> -<br /> -<small><small><small>ON THE</small></small></small><br /> -<br /> -<small><span class="smcap">Manatee River, Gulf Coast</span></small><br /> - -<small><small><small>OF</small></small></small><br /> - -<small><small>SOUTH FLORIDA:<br /> -<br /> -<i>ITS CLIMATE, SOIL, AND PRODUCTIONS</i>.</small></small></h1> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"> -The Land of the Orange and Guava,<br /> -The Pine-Apple, Date, and Cassava.<br /> <br /> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="cb"><img src="images/author.png" -width="375" -height="21" -alt="SAMUEL C. UPHAM." -title="SAMUEL C. UPHAM." -/> -<br /> -<br /> -ILLUSTRATED.<br /> -<br /> -JACKSONVILLE, FLA.:<br /> -<img src="images/ashmead.png" -width="250" -height="21" -alt="ASHMEAD BROTHERS," -title="ASHMEAD BROTHERS," -/><br /> -1883.</p> - -<p><a name="page_004" id="page_004"></a> </p> - -<p class="c"> -Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883,<br /> -By SAMUEL C. UPHAM,<br /> -in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.<br /> -</p> - -<p><a name="page_005" id="page_005"></a></p> - -<p class="c">To</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="left">Marion Foster,</td><td rowspan="3" -valign="middle"><big><big><big><big><big>}</big></big></big></big></big></td><td - rowspan="3" valign="middle"> -UPHAM,</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Samuel Zenas, <small><small>AND</small></small></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Charles Henry</td></tr> -</table> -<p class="c"><small>THREE LIVING LINKS IN THE CHAIN THAT BINDS ME TO LIFE, THIS<br /> - BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY<br /> - THEIR FATHER,</small></p> - -<p class="r"><small>THE AUTHOR.</small></p> - -<p><a name="page_006" id="page_006"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="PREFACE1" id="PREFACE1"></a>PREFACE.</h2> - -<p>T<small>WO</small> or three letters written by myself to friends at the North having -found their way into print, I have been literally flooded with letters -during the past six months, from all sections of the Union and British -Provinces, asking for information in relation to the Manatee region of -Florida. Hundreds have been replied to, and many remain unanswered for -want of time. This little book has been written with the belief that it -will answer the requirements of my numerous correspondents, and also -prove a welcome guest to others who desire reliable information -concerning this portion of the Gulf coast of South Florida. With these -brief remarks I cast my little waif upon the tide of public opinion, -with the hope that favorable breezes will waft it into the hands of -those who will be benefited by its perusal.</p> - -<p> -<span class="smcap">Sunnyside Cottage</span>,<br /> -<i>Braidentown, Florida, April 1, 1881</i>.<br /> -</p> - -<p><a name="page_007" id="page_007"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="PREFACE2" id="PREFACE2"></a>PREFACE<br /><br /> -<span class="smcap">To the Enlarged Edition.</span></h2> - -<p>W<small>HEN</small> I published the little <i>brochure</i>—“Notes from Sunland”—two years -ago, the Gulf Coast of South Florida was, comparatively speaking, a -<i>terra incognita</i>. The favor with which that work has been -received—having passed through three editions—and at the request of -numerous correspondents in the United States, Canada, and Continental -Europe, I have concluded to enlarge the work and make it more general in -its scope—the former work being confined exclusively to the Manatee -region. In reply to the question from different sections of the Union: -“Are you as well pleased with the Manatee region as when you wrote -‘Notes from Sunland'?” I reply, emphatically, “Yes!” The longer I live -here the more thoroughly I am convinced that it is the Sanitarium of the -world. In addition to twenty-five pages of <a name="page_008" id="page_008"></a>letter-press, I have added -an additional illustration and a map of the Gulf coast of South Florida. -I have placed the publication of the book in the hands of those -well-known and reliable publishers, the Ashmead Brothers, of -Jacksonville, Fla., who will supply the book to the trade and also -furnish it to the public. With many thanks for the patronage bestowed -upon my former book, I trust the present will be found equally -acceptable.</p> - -<p class="r"> -<span class="smcap">Samuel C. Upham.</span><br /> -</p> - -<p><i>Braidentown, Fla., August, 1883.</i><a name="page_009" id="page_009"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I.</h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Indians and Alligators—Dade’s Massacre—Ponce de Leon and the -“Fountain of Youth”—De Soto and “El Dorado”—Florida Exchanged for -Cuba—Pensacola Captured by General Jackson—Florida Purchased by -the United States—Secedes from the Union—Reconstructed.</span></p></div> - -<p>T<small>HIRTY</small> years ago the word Florida was synonymous with mosquitoes, -alligators, snakes, and Indians. As a part of this Union, it was at that -time considered financially a worthless sand-spit, which had cost our -Government fifty million dollars and many lives in the almost fruitless -effort to rescue it from the hands of the wily Creeks and Seminoles, who -occupied the middle and southern portions of the State. From the date of -Dade’s massacre by Osceola’s band near Brooksville, in December, 1835, -which sent a thrill of horror throughout the length and breadth of our -land, to the surrender of Billy Bowlegs in 1858, a period of nearly -twenty-five years, war was waged by our Government under the leadership -of Generals Worth, Scott, Harney, Taylor, and their subordinates, with -the result above stated.</p> - -<p>In order to fully understand and appreciate the<a name="page_010" id="page_010"></a> present condition of -Florida, some little knowledge of her history is indispensable; for -without such knowledge, the sparseness of the present population of the -State is inexplicable, when taken in connection with its genial climate, -its natural fertility, and the immense scope of its possible -agricultural production. “If Florida possesses so great a variety and -power of vegetable growth, and such a desirable climate, why is it not -more densely populated?” is a question answered only by a glance at her -past history.</p> - -<p>The honor due to the first discovery of the land which now constitutes -the southern extremity of the United States is generally awarded to that -famous and eccentric old Spanish adventurer, Juan Ponce de Leon. -Nevertheless, the validity of his claim to that honor is liable to some -dispute. Several authorities of very good credit maintain that Sebastian -Cabot, in the year 1497, traced the whole line of the American coast as -far southward as 36° 9´ north latitude; and Peter Martyr avers that he -sailed to the west of the meridian of Cuba. From this account it does -not appear that Cabot proceeded further southward than the mouth of the -Chesapeake Bay, the latitude of which corresponds nearly with that of -the Straits of Gibraltar, and the longitude with that of the eastern -extremity of Cuba. It can scarcely be doubted that Ponce de Leon was the -first European who landed<a name="page_011" id="page_011"></a> on any part of that ground which is now -occupied by the Southern States of our Republic. The purpose for which -he visited this country has exposed his memory to no little ridicule; -but his childish delusion is entitled to more indulgence and respect -than the sordid and hypocritical motives which induced so many of his -countrymen to become explorers and crusaders in America. Juan Ponce, for -the purpose of discovering the location of the “Fountain of Youth,” set -sail from Porto Rico, on the 3d day of March, 1512. After a short voyage -he came to a country covered with flowers and verdure, and as the day of -his discovery happened to be Palm Sunday, called by the Spaniards -<i>Pasqua Florida</i>, he bestowed the name of Florida on the country in -commemoration of this circumstance. Thus the first European discovery of -Florida took place on the second day of April, 1512.</p> - -<p>The next visit to Florida by Europeans was made in the year 1520, by -Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon, who kidnapped one hundred and thirty Indians -and sailed for San Domingo, where he sold them as slaves. In the year -1524, Giovanni da Verazzano, a Florentine sea-captain in the service of -the French Government, coasted from Florida as high as Cape Breton.</p> - -<p>On the 17th day of June, 1527, Pamphilo de Narvaez left Spain with five -ships and six hundred<a name="page_012" id="page_012"></a> men, being authorized by the Spanish Government -to explore and take possession of “all the lands between Rio de las -Palmas and Cape Florida.” The fleet was much damaged by a hurricane, and -was obliged to remain at Cuba for more than six months to be refitted. -In February, 1528, Pamphilo again embarked; and after a short and -prosperous voyage, landed his army at the bay of Santa Cruz, Florida. -Having formally taken possession of the country, and proved that he was -in earnest by pillaging some of the villages, Pamphilo began to -interrogate the natives respecting the precise locality of that immense -deposit of gold which he expected to find in Florida. In their answers -to these inquiries, the Indians, wishing to hasten the departure of -their unwelcome guests, directed the gold-hunters to a distant region -called Apalacha, assuring them that the shining metal could there be -obtained in the greatest abundance. After a wearisome march, the -Spaniards reached the designated place on the 26th day of June. The -ungrateful behavior of the Spaniards soon provoked the hostility of the -natives, and before they had an opportunity to make any mineralogical -researches Pamphilo was compelled to retreat. While endeavoring to make -his escape to the seashore, he was closely pursued by the natives, who -killed two hundred of his men—about one-third of the whole number.<a name="page_013" id="page_013"></a></p> - -<p>The whole country being aroused, Pamphilo found it impossible to return -to his ships, which were probably destroyed by the Indians. The -Spaniards, therefore, took the shortest route to the coast, and came to -the bay now known as St. Marks. The Apalachian Indians being satisfied -with driving the intruders from their territory, abandoned the pursuit -when that object was gained. They arrived at St. Marks in a starving -condition, their only food being horse-flesh. All their ingenuity was -now employed to effect some means of escape from the country. They -erected a forge on the beach, and, with great toil and difficulty, -converted their swords, lance-heads, stirrups, and bridle-bits into -nails, saws, and hatchets. Having thus provided themselves with the -proper instruments, they felled trees, shaped the timber, and finally -constructed several very inelegant specimens of marine architecture. In -the meanwhile all their horses were consumed for food; and when they -embarked in their rude batteaux, their thin, ghastly, Tanner-like -appearance might have reminded a spectator of that shadowy boat-load of -“magnanimous heroes” so graphically described by Virgil in the Sixth -Book of his celebrated Epic. All the boats were subsequently wrecked -near the mouth of the Mississippi, and all on board perished, except -Cabeca de Vaca, the treasurer of the expedition, and four common<a name="page_014" id="page_014"></a> -soldiers. The survivors, after enduring many toils and sufferings, -finally reached Spain in August, 1537.</p> - -<p>In the latter part of May, 1539, Hernando de Soto landed his troops on -the eastern shore of Hillsborough Bay, above the mouth of the Little -Manatee River, and commenced his toilsome overland march, which ended in -his death and burial in the Mississippi River, on the 5th day of June, -1542, three years and one month afterward. In 1562 it is probable that a -temporary settlement was formed near the mouth of the St. Johns River by -Ribault, a Frenchman.</p> - -<p>In 1564, under the protection of Admiral Coligny, a settlement of -Huguenots was formed under the leadership of Lardonierre, on the south -bank of the St. Johns, about six leagues from its mouth. This settlement -was called Caroline, and was completely destroyed by the Spaniards under -Menendez in 1565, who massacred all that escaped death in the fight, -“not as Frenchmen, but as heretics.” This murderous act was fully -avenged by a Frenchman—De Gourges—who, in 1659, led an expedition -especially against Fort Caroline, and massacred the Spanish garrison, -“not as Spaniards, but as cut-throats and murderers.” In 1565 the same -Menendez founded a Spanish colony at St. Augustine, <i>thus establishing -the first European town on the continent of America</i>.<a name="page_015" id="page_015"></a></p> - -<p>In 1584, as the result of various expeditions, the area of Spanish -occupation and conquest had become so extended that the authority of -Spain was acknowledged by the natives, not only throughout Florida, but -as far west as the Mississippi and as far north as the mountains of -Georgia.</p> - -<p>In 1586, St. Augustine was attacked and plundered by a party of English -adventurers under Sir Francis Drake. In 1611, it was pillaged by the -Indians, and in 1665 was sacked by another party of English pirates, led -by the freebooter, Davis.</p> - -<p>In 1689, Pensacola was settled by the Spanish.</p> - -<p>In 1702, St. Augustine was unsuccessfully attacked by Governor Moore, of -the English colony of South Carolina. In 1725, Colonel Palmer, of -Georgia, also failed in an effort to capture the city, and in 1740, -General Oglethorpe, of Georgia, was signally repulsed in a similar -undertaking.</p> - -<p>In 1763, the whole territory of Florida was ceded by Spain to Great -Britain in exchange for Cuba; but the entire population of the territory -at that time did not exceed six hundred.</p> - -<p>In 1767, Dr. Trumbull, an English colonist, located at New Smyrna, -“imported fifteen hundred Corsicans and Minorcans, having deluded them -by unstinted promises of land and employment at high wages, and then -subjected them to a system of oppression, similar and scarce less<a name="page_016" id="page_016"></a> -severe than slavery, till after a lapse of some ten years they escaped -in a body from his servitude and betook themselves to St. Augustine, -where they settled down, and ultimately became a prominent and valuable -element of the population of that section.”</p> - -<p>In 1781, the Spanish captured Pensacola, and the English again lost -possession of Florida. In 1784, the territory was once more formally -ceded to Spain. In 1812, Fernandina capitulated to the troops of the -United States, but was, during the following year, re-delivered to the -Spanish Government.</p> - -<p>In 1814, the English forces, under the command of Colonel Nichols, -entered and manned the forts of Pensacola, although the whole territory -was nominally under the control of Spain; and in 1818, General Jackson -attacked and captured Pensacola in behalf of the United States.</p> - -<p>In 1819, Florida was purchased by the United States, and was formally -ceded by Spain. In 1822, a territorial government was established; in -1845, Florida was admitted into the Union, and in January, 1861, she -seceded.</p> - -<p>In the language of the talented and lamented J. S. Adams: “What a -picture does this brief abstract of the leading features in the history -of Florida present! Discovered by Ponce de Leon in 1512; permanently -settled in 1565; ceded to<a name="page_017" id="page_017"></a> Great Britain in 1763, with a population of -only six hundred, after a colonial existence of two hundred years; -re-ceded to Spain in 1784; sold and ceded to the United States in 1819; -receiving a territorial government in 1822; admitted to the Union in -1845; seceding in 1861; and reconstructed in 1868; sacked and pillaged -repeatedly by Europeans; shifting its nationality from time to time, and -losing almost its entire population by each change; harassed and -plundered by repeated Indian wars from 1816 to 1858, and just as -prosperity began to dawn, plunged unnecessarily into the useless -slaughter of a hopeless rebellion, she has suffered every evil, -political and social, that does not involve absolute extinction. Is it, -then, a matter of surprise that Florida is so sparsely populated?”<a name="page_018" id="page_018"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II.</h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Geographical Position and Boundaries of Florida—Area and -Population—Indians in Florida—Climate, Soil, and Productions—The -Rainy Season—Florida as a Health Resort—Classification of -Lands—School System and Churches—Swamp Lands Sold to -Disston—Religion in Florida.</span></p></div> - -<p>F<small>LORIDA</small> lies between the degrees of twenty-five and thirty-one north -latitude, and eighty to eighty-eight west longitude from Greenwich. The -northern boundary being nearly three hundred and fifty miles from east -to west, and its length from north to south, nearly four hundred miles. -It is in the same latitude as Central Arabia, Northern Hindostan, the -Desert of Sahara, the northern portion of Burmah, the southern part of -China and Northern Mexico. The average width of the peninsula is about -eighty miles, and every part is fanned by either the Trade or Gulf -winds, rendering the air delightfully pleasant in midsummer. The most -marked geographical feature of the State is the enormous extent of -coastline—the Atlantic and Gulf exceeding eleven hundred miles, with -numerous large bays, offering great facilities for commercial -intercourse. The northern<a name="page_019" id="page_019"></a> part of the State is hilly and rolling. -Midway of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, an elevated ridge extends -through Middle and South Florida to Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades, -gradually sloping to the Atlantic Ocean on the east and to the waters of -the Gulf of Mexico on the west. The elevated lands are mostly pine, -interspersed with black-jack, post, and water-oak. At the base and along -the water courses, are rich hammock lands bordered with flat and rolling -prairie, with the everlasting scrub palmetto everywhere. The southern -portion of the State is at this time a vast cattle range, embracing -thousands of acres on which a surveyor’s chain has never fallen.</p> - -<p>In 1860, the population of Florida was 140,000; in 1880, it was 267,000, -and at this time, it is probably in round numbers 300,000. When the vast -area of the State, sixty thousand square miles, comprising nearly -thirty-eight million acres of land, is taken into consideration, it will -be seen that we are not badly crowded. The sale by Governor Bloxham of -four million acres of “swamp land” to the Disston and Anglo-German -syndicates is a mere bagatelle.</p> - -<p>The county in which I reside—Manatee—is nearly as large as the -combined States of Connecticut and Rhode Island. It is truly a county of -“magnificent distances,” the county seat,<a name="page_020" id="page_020"></a> Pine Level, being forty miles -south of the villages of Braidentown and Manatee, on its northern -border. “No pent-up Utica contracts our powers.” We do things on a large -scale. We raise the most luscious oranges, the largest watermelons, and -the most appetizing pineapples and bananas on the face of the earth; and -I do not think I elongate the truth when I say, that in point of size -our alligators, mosquitoes, and grasshoppers will compare favorably with -those of any other country. Our frogs are also as sprightly as Mark -Twain’s “jumping frog of the Calaveras.” Our cucumbers, tomatoes, -snap-beans, squashes, and cabbages reach the cities of the North and -West three months in advance of any other State of the Union.</p> - -<p>If there is one thing above all others of which we feel justly proud, it -is our superb climate. The “glorious climate of California,” and the -sunny clime and golden skies of Italy bear no comparison with it. It is -indescribable, and must be seen and felt in order to be fully -appreciated. A Baptist clergyman—Hard-shell—who visited Braidentown -last winter, was so fascinated and infatuated with the climate and -surroundings that he said he verily believed that he was then nearer -Paradise than he ever expected to be again while in the flesh.</p> - -<p>A timid person occasionally asks, “Are there<a name="page_021" id="page_021"></a> Indians still in Florida?” -A remnant of the once warlike Creeks and Seminoles—scarcely two hundred -souls, including males, squaws, and papooses—still have an abiding -place on the Caloosahatchee, the Kissimmee, and in the Big Cypress -Swamp, south of Lake Okeechobee. They are peaceably disposed, and only -mingle with the whites when they visit the country stores to dispose of -their peltry and game and replenish their ammunition. Chipco and the -elder Tigertail, two of their former chiefs, have been called to the -“happy hunting-grounds” during the past two years. The former was a -centenarian, having attained the green old age of one hundred and ten -years. He participated in the Dade massacre, near Brooksville, in 1835. -The latter died by the visitation of God, having been killed by -lightning while crossing the Kissimmee in his canoe. The Indians have -several negro slaves in their secluded camps, who have never been -informed that the Emancipation Proclamation of the martyred Lincoln -loosened their shackles and made them free men.</p> - -<p>The questions are frequently asked: “What crops can you raise in -Florida? What can be grown on your soil?” The agricultural, -horticultural, and pomological products of Florida are more varied than -those of any other State of the Union. The northern, northeastern, and -northwestern parts of the State, as well as Middle Florida,<a name="page_022" id="page_022"></a> are -admirably adapted to the cultivation of oats, barley, corn, Irish -potatoes, cotton, and tobacco. At the Atlanta Exposition, two years ago, -Florida was awarded the first premium for sea island cotton, rice, and -sugar. The peach, plum, Le Conte pear, several varieties of the apple -and grape, and all the small fruits are indigenous to the soil and -climate of those portions of the State. South Florida, composed of the -counties of Hernando, Sumter, Orange, Volusia, Brevard, Polk, -Hillsborough, Manatee, Monroe, and Dade, is the land of the orange and -all semi-tropical fruits. The guava, pineapple, banana, cocoanut, date, -sugar-apple, sapodilla, mango, alligator-pear, and other tropical fruits -thrive admirably in the lower counties, south of the twenty-eighth -degree of latitude. South Florida is also the natural home of the -sugar-cane. There it ratoons from six to eight years and tassels. The -cultivation of early vegetables for the northern and western markets is -also a large and remunerative industry, which has been recently -inaugurated on the hammocks bordering the Manatee Bay, on the Indian -River, and on the numerous keys or islands along the Gulf coast, between -Sarasota and Cape Sable. The cassava has also proved to be a -remunerative crop in South Florida when properly cultivated. The -introduction of jute and Sisal hemp, in the near future, will also add -materially<a name="page_023" id="page_023"></a> to the wealth of the southern counties of the State. The -flat prairie and swamp lands, now considered almost worthless for -agricultural purposes, will then blossom as the rose.</p> - -<p>Dwelling in an almost perpetual summer, one would naturally suppose that -the climate would prove enervating to the human system. Such is not the -fact. In midsummer the weather is of a very pleasant temperature, the -nights being uniformly cool, and sultry days, so common in the North, of -very rare occurrence. So agreeable are the summers, there is little -choice between them and the winters, and many of the oldest settlers -prefer the former. Florida, in common with other States of the Union, is -sometimes afflicted with drouths, and there is sometimes a -superabundance of rain; but, as a general rule, the seasons are regular -and well adapted to all the valuable staples of the country. Frequent -showers occur during the spring and early summer, and about the first of -July the rainy season fairly sets in and continues until the first of -October. Although rain falls on nearly every day during this season, it -seldom ever rains all day. These rains fall in heavy showers, generally -accompanied by thunder and lightning, but are seldom of more than two -hours’ duration. They generally occur early in the afternoon, leaving -for the balance of the day a cloudless sky and a delightfully cool -atmosphere. Paradoxical<a name="page_024" id="page_024"></a> as it may seem, our winters are warmer and our -summers cooler than those of the Northern and Western States. The -mercury in the thermometer rarely reaches 96° Fahrenheit in midsummer, -and at Braidentown, Manatee County, only on two occasions during the -past four years has it fallen as low as 38°.</p> - -<p>The general healthfulness of Florida is proverbial. That its climate is -more salubrious than that of any other State of the Union is clearly -established by the medical statistics of the army, as well as by the -last census returns. The report of the Surgeon General of the United -States Army, demonstrates the fact that diseases which result from -malaria are of a much milder type in Florida than in any other part of -the United States. Among the troops serving in Florida, the number of -deaths to the number of cases of remittent fever has been much less than -in any other portion of the Union. In the Middle Division of the United -States, the proportion is one death to thirty-six cases of remittent -fever; in the Northern Division, one to fifty-two; in the Southern -Division, one to fifty-four; in Texas, one in seventy-eight; in -California, one in one hundred and twenty-two; in New Mexico, one in one -hundred and forty-eight; while in Florida, it is but <i>one in two hundred -and eighty-seven</i>. As a health resort for invalids suffering from -pulmonary complaints, Florida stands<a name="page_025" id="page_025"></a> pre-eminent. Her invigorating, -balsamic breezes, with healing on their wings, soon banish the hectic -flush from the cheek of the invalid, and health and strength return once -more to cheer and gladden the hearts of despairing friends.</p> - -<p>A description of Florida lands published by Dr. Byrne in 1860 applies -with equal truthfulness at the present time. In every State and -Territory in the Union there is a large proportion of barren and poor -lands, but the ratio of these lands differ greatly in the different -States. Florida has a due proportion of poor lands, but compared with -other States, the ratio of her <i>barren</i> and <i>worthless</i> lands is very -small. With the exception of the Everglades and her irreclaimable swamp -lands, there is scarcely an acre in the whole State of Florida that is -entirely worthless, or which cannot be made, under her tropical climate, -tributary to some agricultural production. Lands which in a more -northern climate would be utterly worthless, will in Florida, owing to -her tropical character, yield valuable productions. For example, the -poorest pine lands of Florida will produce without fertilizing a -luxuriant crop of Sisal hemp, which yields more profit to the acre than -the richest land when cultivated in sugar, cotton, and tobacco. So it is -with jute and numerous other valuable tropical products that are adapted -to the lands that in more northern climates would yield<a name="page_026" id="page_026"></a> nothing to -agriculture. Besides this, there are in Florida no mountain wastes, and -most of the land not under cultivation is covered with valuable timber.</p> - -<p>The classification of lands in common use being based on their elevation -and the character of their vegetable growth, does not indicate very -fully the character of the soil. There are the hammock, pine, and swamp -lands. Then there is the high or light hammock, and the low or heavy -hammock. Of pine lands, there are the first, second, and third rate. The -characteristic of hammock land as distinguished from pine is in the fact -of its being covered with a growth of underbrush and vines, while the -pine lands are open. Whenever, then, the land is not so low as to be -called swamp, and produces an undergrowth of shrubbery, it is called -hammock.</p> - -<p>The school lands of Florida—five hundred and seventy thousand -acres—are subject to entry at from one dollar and twenty-five cents to -seven dollars per acre, according to quality and location. The swamp -lands—eight and a half million acres—belonging to the State on the 1st -of May, 1882, are graded in price according to the number of acres, -varying from one dollar per acre for a tract of forty acres down to -seventy-five to seventy cents per acre for tracts of six hundred and -forty acres and over. The Disston<a name="page_028" id="page_028"></a><a name="page_029" id="page_029"></a><a name="page_027" id="page_027"></a> Syndicate paid twenty-five cents -per acre for four million acres of swamp land, in bodies of ten thousand -acres each. The commutation price of United States lands is one dollar -and twenty-five cents per acre. Unimproved lands in the hands of private -parties are selling at from five to fifteen dollars per acre; improved -land at from twenty to fifty dollars per acre, the value depending on -location, latitude, improvements, etc. There are also large tracts of -land in Florida known as “Spanish grants,” which are chiefly owned by -non-residents, and which can be purchased at reasonable prices.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<a href="images/i_b_028_lg.jpg"> -<br /> -<img class="enlargeimage" -src="images/enlarge-image.jpg" -alt="" -width="18" -height="14" /> -<br /> -<img src="images/i_b_028_sml.jpg" width="346" height="550" alt="SCENE IN A SOUTH FLORIDA HAMMOCK—Page 28." -title="SCENE IN A SOUTH FLORIDA HAMMOCK—Page 28." /></a> -<br /> -<span class="caption">SCENE IN A SOUTH FLORIDA HAMMOCK—<a href="#page_028">Page 28.</a></span> -</div> - -<p>Governor Bloxham recently stated that the present financial condition of -Florida is a fit subject for congratulation. There is at all times money -in the Treasury to pay accrued liabilities, while the amount of the -bonded debt is only one and a quarter millions, and the assessed value -of the property of the State is thirty-seven millions. The condition of -our public schools is decidedly progressive. There are at this time over -twelve hundred schools in the State, and last year a fund of $139,000 -was raised to support them.</p> - -<p>Places of worship may be found in all our settlements; not gorgeous -edifices, with steeples and spires pointing heavenward, but -unpretentious and comfortable structures, in which all denominations of -Christians assemble to worship<a name="page_030" id="page_030"></a> God according to the dictates of their -own consciences. The Methodists are the most numerous. Next in point of -numbers, the Baptists of different grades of shell, from hard to soft, -may be enumerated. Then come the Presbyterians, Episcopalians, -Campbellites, and Catholics, with a slight sprinkling of other -denominations by way of variety. The religious status of the population -of Florida, like the climate, is rather above the average of other -sections of the Union. There is an indescribable element in the climate -of Florida which is conducive of religious fervor. Several immigrants -from the North and West, whose piety never cropped out until their -arrival in Florida, have been suddenly seized with a call to preach. In -some parts of South Florida, local preachers are nearly as numerous as -laymen, and it is often highly amusing to hear them expound the -Scriptures, and see them wrestle with theology.</p> - -<p>The Fountain of Youth, sought for in vain by Ponce de Leon three hundred -and seventy years ago, is in Florida. Time has not dried up the source -of its health-giving, its life-giving, waters. They flow as of yore, and -every one who thirsteth can partake of them freely. Invalids and -pleasure-seekers find it in our glorious climate, in our invigorating -breezes, which blow as soft and balmy as those from Ceylon’s isle; in -our beautiful flowers and almost perpetual verdure, and in the<a name="page_031" id="page_031"></a> total -absence of the chilling winds and frosts of the North and West, which -render life almost unendurable. De Soto and his followers sought our -shores in quest of <i>El Dorado</i>. That also is in Florida. You see it in -our productive soil, in our vast orange groves, in our bananas, -pineapples, guavas, and pomegranates, which no other State of the Union -can produce. Who then shall say that both the “Fountain of Youth” and -“<i>El Dorado</i>” are not within the boundaries of Florida? Our climate is a -perpetual summer; the husbandman tickles the soil with the plow and hoe, -and it laughs with an abundant harvest; the stately magnolias and -graceful palms lock hands in our hammocks and wave their evergreen -foliage as a token of welcome to immigrants, and wild flowers gladden -the eye and perfume the air with their fragrance.<a name="page_032" id="page_032"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III.</h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Manatee Bay—Its Tropical Scenery—Egmont Key—Snead’s -Island—Date, Palm and Olive Trees—Climate—Insects—Braidentown -and its Surroundings—Manatee, the Oldest Town on the Bay—Its -Early History—Braiden Castle—Fair Oaks—Orange -Groves—Willemsenburg and Fogartyville.</span></p></div> - -<p>T<small>HE</small> Manatee River, or, more properly speaking, bay, is one of the most -picturesque sheets of water in Florida. It is fourteen miles in length, -with an average width of one and a half miles. One of its -tributaries—the Manatee River proper—extends still further eastward, -some twenty miles; and another northward, half that distance. Its course -is nearly due west to Egmont Key, where it mingles its waters with those -of Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. It lies between the twenty-seventh -and twenty-eighth parallels of north latitude, and in longitude 5½° -west from Washington. A person passing up the bay on the mail steamer -for the first time, will be charmed with the tropical and semi-tropical -scenery that meets his view on either side of the bay, from its mouth to -Braidentown, the present terminus of steamboat navigation. Egmont Key, -with its<a name="page_033" id="page_033"></a> forest of cabbage palmettos nodding their evergreen plumes in -the morning sun; the stately date-palms and olive trees on Snead’s -Island, on the north side of the bay, and the pretty villas surrounded -by young orange and banana groves on the south side, between Palmasola -city and Manatee, form a landscape of rare tropical beauty, unexceled in -the land of flowers, and unrivaled by the fairest scenes in Italia’s -famed land.</p> - -<p>Until quite recently, this part of Florida, the great sanitarium of the -world, has, comparatively speaking, been a sealed book to the invalids -and pleasure-seekers of the North and West, who spend their winters in -Jacksonville, St. Augustine and the towns on the St. Johns, Halifax and -Indian Rivers, and console themselves with the idea that they have seen -all parts of Florida worth visiting. The principal drawback which the -Gulf coast has had to contend with, and which partially exists at this -time, is lack of speedy transportation and comfortable hotel -accommodations. These are being remedied, and, when the Manatee region -shall have become as thickly populated as the St. Johns, our facilities -for transportation, etc., will equal those of the Atlantic coast.</p> - -<p>The railroad now being built by Eastern capitalists, between Palatka on -the St. Johns and Tampa at the head of the bay of that name on the Gulf -coast, will be completed within two years.<a name="page_034" id="page_034"></a> Then the iron horse, with -bowels of fire, muscles of steel and breath of steam, with a shriek and -a snort, will rush over the metallic track and annihilate time and space -so rapidly, that the Atlantic and Gulf coasts will be within a few hours -of each other. A narrow-gauge railroad from Tampa to the Manatee, and -thence to Sarasota Bay, will soon follow, giving us direct and rapid -communication with the principal cities of the North and West. The -round-about route over King David’s Transit Railroad to Cedar Key, and -thence by steamboat to the Manatee, will then be abandoned, and -henceforth remembered only as a necessity of by-gone days. The recent -completion of the Louisville, Nashville and Great Southern Railroad, -with a terminus at Pensacola, will soon give us direct and speedy -communication with the cities of Louisville, Nashville, Cincinnati, -Indianapolis, Chicago and St. Louis, and open up the best and most -available markets for the fruits and vegetables of the Gulf coast. -General Alexander, Vice-President of this company, recently expressed -his willingness to assist in the establishment of a line of steamers -between Pensacola and Manatee, touching at other points along the coast.</p> - -<p>Our climate is far superior to that of any other part of Florida; and, I -do not think I hazard much in saying, to that of any part of the -habitable globe. Having, during a somewhat eventful<a name="page_035" id="page_035"></a> life of sixty-two -years, visited Europe, Asia, Africa, South and Central America, Mexico -and California, I say, and “I say it boldly,” that in my varied travels, -nowhere have I found so healthful and desirable a climate as “Sunland,” -on the Manatee Bay. We are exempt from ice and the chilling blasts that -sweep along the St. Johns and Halifax, and also from tornadoes and -hurricanes, so destructive on the Atlantic coast.</p> - -<p>Insects are neither numerous nor troublesome. I have been worse annoyed -by mosquitoes in the City of Philadelphia than in this part of Florida. -The ubiquitous flea is, I admit, rather prevalent here, but one soon -becomes reconciled to his habits, and honors his drafts whenever he -presents his bill. Snakes are not as numerous here as in Pennsylvania. -There are, however, rattlesnakes and moccasins in Florida. The former I -have never seen, and the latter but seldom. Those that came under my -observation, appeared to be worse frightened than I was, and made a -hasty exit. Alligators are not numerous in this section, and are -comparatively harmless. Like a once noted statesman, they desire to be -let alone. If closely cornered, they will fight; but they prefer to run, -if a chance is offered for escape.</p> - -<p>Braidentown, the embryo town of the Manatee, is situated on the south -side of the bay, about eight miles above its entrance into Tampa Bay.<a name="page_036" id="page_036"></a> -Located on a bluff some fifteen feet above tidewater, it commands a fine -view of the surrounding country and of the entire bay. Being constantly -fanned by the breezes from the gulf “with healing on their wings,” it is -in point of healthfulness all that the most fastidious pleasure-seeker -or invalid could wish for. From Jack’s Creek, its eastern boundary, to -its western terminus, Ware’s Creek, it contains a frontage on the bay of -three-fourths of a mile, dotted with picturesque villas, surrounded by -tropical fruits and flowers. Although yet in a chrysalis state, being -scarcely two years old, it contains two boarding-houses, two stores, a -meat-shop, post-office and a warehouse, with a wharf connecting it with -the shore—the only one on the bay east of Palmasola city. Passengers -for Manatee and other places on the bay are conveyed on shore in sail or -row-boats. Major W. I. Turner, the projector of Braidentown, a Virginian -by birth, has been a resident of Florida for forty-five years. Although -on the shady side of life, he is still hale and hearty. May he live to -see his bantling, now in her leading-strings, the county-seat of Manatee -County. Stranger events have happened. This is an age of progress; the -world moves, and Florida, after her Rip Van Winkle sleep of three -hundred years, is moving with it.</p> - -<p>Sportsmen visiting this place can be accommodated<a name="page_037" id="page_037"></a> with sail-boats for -fishing, or mule and ox teams for a hunting trip to the Miakka, the -sportsman’s paradise. Captain Charles Miller and Billy Stowell, <i>alias</i> -“Buffalo Bill,” both “old salts” and reliable men, can be engaged with -their respective crafts, the <i>Sancho Panza</i> and <i>Onkeehi</i>, at reasonable -rates. Ox and mule teams can be had of John N. Harris and Dr. S. J. -Tyler.</p> - -<p>The reader will pardon a slight digression, and allow me to state, that -if any person who knows how to run a hotel, will start one in -Braidentown, he will most assuredly put money in his purse, and at the -same time satisfy a great public want. A hotel containing one hundred -rooms, properly conducted, would be filled with guests six months of the -year. We have fish, oysters, clams and game in abundance, on which -boarders could fare sumptuously every day. Shall we have a hotel?</p> - -<p>One and a half miles east of Braidentown, on the low, sandy beach of the -bay, is the irregularly constructed village of Manatee. A stranger -visiting Manatee will invariably ask himself why a town was ever built -here? The following will solve the problem. Adjacent to the village, in -a southerly direction, are rich hammock lands, which, in consequence of -their malarial surroundings, could not be domiciled by their owners. The -pine land on the bay shore offering a more healthful location for -building, the early settlers<a name="page_038" id="page_038"></a> availed themselves of it and erected their -log and palmetto cabins first, and afterward more pretentious and -architectural structures. The Indian war breaking out soon after the -first settlers had located at Manatee, their cabins formed the nucleus -of a settlement as a protection against the savages. Thus Manatee became -a village, and for many years was the only settlement on the Manatee -Bay. The hospitality of her citizens is proverbial. The stranger within -their gates who asks for bread is never requested to masticate a stone. -Unfortunately, the citizens of Manatee are not as progressive as -hospitable. A plank wharf or foot-way, connecting the steamboat -warehouse with the shore, is badly needed, and should be constructed at -once. There is a great deal of vitality lying dormant in the old town, -which, if thoroughly aroused and properly applied, would place an -entirely different aspect on the face of affairs. The village contains a -Methodist church, five stores, three boarding-houses, a drug store, an -academy, a meat-shop and a post-office. Dr. George Casper, an -enterprising Manateean, wishing to extend his usefulness, and being -impressed with the belief that it would be a good thing to mix -literature with physic, has issued the prospectus of a weekly newspaper, -to be called the <i>Manatee County News</i>. It will be the pioneer paper of -the county, and its editor will have plenty of elbow-room—Manatee<a name="page_039" id="page_039"></a> -County being as large as the States of Connecticut and Rhode Island.</p> - -<p>One mile east of Manatee, on a point of land formed by the junction of -Braiden Creek with the bay, stands a historic structure, known as -Braiden Castle. It is composed of a concrete of lime and oyster-shells, -two stories high, surmounted by a cupola or observatory, constructed of -wood, from which a charming view of the surrounding country can be had. -South-east, Braiden Creek, winding like a silver thread among -innumerable evergreen islands, presents a view worthy of a poet’s dream. -Westward, as far as the eye can scan, can be traced the blue waters of -the bay glinting in the sun or dancing in the moonbeams on their way to -the gulf. Northward, across the bay, the eye meets hammock, pine land -and prairie stretching far away toward Tampa Bay. This old relic, -scarred by Indian bullets, stands a sad memento of better days. Who -shall write its history?</p> - -<p>At Fair Oaks, about one and a half miles south of the castle, on a -portion of the old Braiden plantation, is the largest and most thrifty -young orange grove on the gulf coast of South Florida. It comprises -nearly four thousand trees; belongs to the Hon. Charles H. Foster, -ex-State Treasurer, and is a living, growing, bearing monument to Yankee -pluck, enterprise and industry. Mr. Foster is now erecting at Fair Oaks -the handsomest private residence<a name="page_040" id="page_040"></a> in South Florida. The most direct -route to Fair Oaks is by the way of Manatee, and the scenery <i>en route</i> -is unsurpassed in the land of the myrtle and ivy. Leaving Rocky Ford, -you pass Glen Falls, whose pellucid waters sparkle and dance over rock -and through chasm, on their course to the Manatee. Graceful palms, with -their evergreen foliage; stately live oaks, draped with pendant moss, -swaying to and fro in the breeze; girdled oaks, gayly festooned from -base to apex with ivy, yellow jessamine and Virginia creeper, gladden -the eye on either side of the road, and orange-blossoms perfume the air -with their delightful fragrance, rendering the scene enchanting as fairy -land.</p> - -<p>In the village of Manatee and adjacent hammock may be seen the orange -groves of Mrs. Gates, Revs. Edmund Lee, A. A. Robinson and E. Glazier, -Messrs. Pelote, Curry, Harllee, Mitchell, Vanderipe, Lloyd, Clark, -Warner, McNeill, Casper, Gates, Wyatt, Adams, Broberg, Reed and Wilson. -Mrs. Gates, Parson Lee and Major Adams also have banana groves in -bearing. The latter gentleman is engaged in erecting a large concrete -mansion, with carriage-house and servants’ quarters of the same -material. Situated in an eligible position on the bank of the bay, -surrounded by tropical fruits, flowers and vines, whose evergreen -foliage constantly waving in the breeze, renders the location highly -picturesque.<a name="page_041" id="page_041"></a></p> - -<p>Some four or five miles south of Manatee, <i>en route</i> to Sarasota Bay, -are thrifty young orange groves, belonging to the Messrs. Helm, father -and sons, Dryman, Marshall, Younglove, Dunham, Saunders, Azlin, Howell, -Thompson, Williams and Whitted; and on Black-Jack Ridge, near -Braidentown, may be seen the thrifty grove of Judge E. M. Graham. The -groves of the Messrs. Helm are pronounced by every one who have seen -them to be the most promising of their age in the State. They are only -four years old, but will put to the blush many groves twice their age. -They are monuments of clean and persistent culture.</p> - -<p>On the west side of Ware’s Creek, skirting the bay, is Willemsenburg, -consisting of three houses and the frame of a mammoth hotel. This grim -skeleton, gray with age, has a history. Erected originally by Dr. -Hunter, at one time a noted physician of New York, and Charles W. -Skinner, a Boston capitalist, on Sanibel, or “Sanitarium” Island, near -Punta Rassa, it was soon blown or washed down. A portion of the wreck, -with additional lumber from Cedar Key, was soon afterward erected at -Sarasota Bay, where another partner, Dr. Dunham, of St. Louis, joined in -the enterprise. A misunderstanding between the trio resulted in the -withdrawal of the two medical men before the structure was completed. -Mr. Skinner subsequently razed the building to the ground,<a name="page_042" id="page_042"></a> rafted it -through Palmasola Bay into the Manatee, and erected it on its present -site, where it has stood in an unfinished condition during the past five -years. The decease of Mr. Skinner soon after its erection, caused its -progress to stop as suddenly as did “my grandfather’s clock” at the -death of its owner.</p> - -<p>Westward, separated by an imaginary line, is Fogartyville, a community -composed principally of boat-builders and seafaring men, with their -families. It contains a store, boat-builder’s shed, half a dozen -dwelling-houses, a floating dry-dock with two sections in working order, -and two additional sections nearly completed. The Messrs. Fogarty and -Captain Bhart are the owners of the dry-dock.</p> - -<p>In this cozy little settlement, close down by the waters of the bay, -lives Madam Julia Atzeroth, and in the garden attached to her house was -cultivated with her own hands <i>the first coffee grown in the United -States</i>. Madam Atzeroth, or Madam “Joe,” as she is called by her -friends, is a character, and deserves an extended notice.<a name="page_043" id="page_043"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV.</h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Madam Atzeroth—Birth, Parentage and Marriage—Arrival in New -York—Visit to Philadelphia, Easton and New Orleans—Arrival in -Florida—Locates on Terraceia Island—Vicissitudes of Pioneer -Life—A Friend in Need, a Friend Indeed—Arrival of her Sister and -Family—Trip to Newnansville—Corn-Dodgers and Sawdust-Death of -Mrs. Nichols—Removal to Fort Brooke, Tampa—Col. W. W. Belknap and -Family—Return to Terraceia—Homestead Papers Illegally -Executed—Return again to Tampa—Gale of 1846—Remove to -Palmetto—Indian War—Scenes during the War of the Rebellion—Sell -out at Palmetto and Settle in Fogartyville—First Coffee Grown in -the United States—Its History.</span></p></div> - -<p>M<small>ADAM</small> J<small>ULIA</small> A<small>TZEROTH</small>, whose maiden name was Hunt, was born in the City -of Bradford, near the River Rhine, in Bavaria, on the 25th day of -December, 1807. Of a family of four children—two males and two -females—she is the only survivor. The death of her mother occurring -when she was eleven years of age, she was adopted by an uncle on the -maternal side, with whom she resided until she attained her majority. At -the age of twenty-four years she married Joseph Atzeroth,<a name="page_044" id="page_044"></a> also a native -of Bavaria. The young couple soon after the birth of their first child, -a daughter, left the Fatherland and immigrated to America. They arrived -in New York in the month of August, 1841, where they remained only a few -months. In consequence of the failing health of Madam Atzeroth, they -visited Philadelphia and Easton, Pa.; but deriving no benefit from -change of location at the North, her physician advised her to go South. -They accordingly went to New Orleans, where they remained about one -year. Madam Atzeroth’s health not improving, her attending physician, a -German, proposed a trip to Florida. Laying in a supply of provisions and -medicines, and accompanied by the physician, they engaged passage on -board the schooner <i>Essex</i>, a tender for the United States troops -stationed at Fort Brooke, Tampa, where they arrived in the spring of -1843.</p> - -<p>Soon after landing at Tampa, Mr. Atzeroth commenced prospecting for a -desirable place to locate. After looking about for two or three weeks, -he concluded to homestead one hundred and sixty acres of land on -Terraceia Island, and on the 12th day of April, 1843, accompanied by his -wife, little daughter, the German physician and his dog Bonaparte, -landed on the east side of the island about midway of Terraceia Bay. The -hammock was so dense that the men were compelled to use<a name="page_045" id="page_045"></a> their axes to -clear a space on which to pitch their tent. The underbrush and vines -were so thick, and the progress made by the men so slow, that Madam Joe -seized an axe and assisted them. This was her first attempt at chopping -and grubbing in Florida. Since that time she has become an expert at the -business. When the tent was erected and dinner prepared, it was eaten -with a keen relish. From that time forward Madam Joe felt new life and -strength. Her torpid liver began to perform its normal functions, and -she forthwith discharged the physician and destroyed his medicines. The -doctor went to Key West, where he died soon afterward.</p> - -<p>Having become weary of tent-life, Madam Joe proposed to her husband the -erection of a palmetto hut. Mr. Joe, as the madam always called her -husband, drove the stakes for the frame and gathered the palmetto fans -or branches. The madam mounted the roof and thatched it; but her work -was performed so badly that the first shower of rain deluged the -interior, and its inmates sought refuge under the table. The hut was -subsequently re-thatched, and three of its corners made fast to trees, -which prevented the wind from blowing it down. Soon after the completion -of the hut, their provisions ran short, and Mr. Joe started in a canoe -for Tampa to replenish them. On his return, adverse winds blew his frail -craft around<a name="page_046" id="page_046"></a> Shaw’s Point into Palmasola Bay, and becoming bewildered, -he landed at Sarasota instead of Terraceia. After being buffeted about -by the wind and waves for more than a week, he finally reached home. -During his absence, Madam Joe and her child had no companion save the -dog Bonaparte. The panthers, wild hogs and owls made the nights hideous -with their screams, growls and hootings. One night a raid was made by an -owl on the chickens roosting on the trees overhanging the hut. Madam Joe -seized an old musket of the Methodist persuasion, which usually went off -at half-cock, with the intention of frightening away the “wild -varmints,” but it was unloaded. Never having loaded a musket, she was in -a quandary whether to put in first the powder or the shot. Luckily, she -put in the powder before the shot, and stepping to the door of the hut, -discharged the musket into the tops of the trees. She put in too much -powder, and like another gun we read about, it</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Bore wide the mark and kicked its owner over.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p class="nind">The owl escaped that time in consequence of being at the wrong end of -the musket. It was subsequently killed by Mr. Joe, and peace reigned -once more among the chickens. Madam Joe subsequently became an expert -with both the shot-gun and rifle, and if reports are reliable, her -unerring aim has caused more than one red-skin to make a<a name="page_047" id="page_047"></a> hasty exit to -the “happy hunting-grounds.” She can also ride a horse astride or -otherwise—seldom otherwise—like a Camanche.</p> - -<p>Becoming disgusted with their frail palmetto hut, Madam and Mr. Joe -felled the trees and commenced the erection of a log-pen house, -consisting of two rooms, with a wide passage running between them. As -there were no saw-mills in the country, boards could not be had at any -price. The roof of the house was covered with split cedar planks, and -the interstices between the logs filled with moss and clay. A chimney -was improvised of sticks plastered with mud. Subsequently, glazed sash -for the windows were imported from New Orleans. Meanwhile the axe had -not been idle. The stately live oaks and graceful palms around the house -had been felled and burned, the land grubbed, and a good-sized vegetable -garden was in successful cultivation. Fort Brooke, some thirty miles -distant, offering a good market for their surplus produce, they hired a -man with a boat to transport and sell their vegetables. Although -bountiful crops rewarded their labor, they were not entirely happy. -Madam Joe was anxious that her only sister, residing in New York, should -emigrate with her family to Florida. But how was the matter to be -accomplished without money? Where there is a will, there is always a way -to accomplish things which at first sight seem to be<a name="page_048" id="page_048"></a> impossibilities. -The matter was laid before Col. W. G. Belknap, the commander of Fort -Brooke, who cheerfully advanced the required funds, and Mr. Joe left -immediately in a schooner for New York, <i>via</i> Key West. The voyage was -long and tedious, but it was accomplished, and in due course of time, -Mr. Joe returned safely with his brother-in-law, wife and child.</p> - -<p>Another trouble now presented itself. The Armed Occupation Act having -expired previous to locating their land on Terraceia, they were -compelled to go to the United States Land Office, at Newnansville, one -hundred and sixty miles distant, to file the requisite papers. The -country being wild and sparsely settled, Mr. Joe and Mr. Nichols, his -brother-in-law, were compelled to pack their provisions on their backs, -which rendered their journey wearisome and slow. On the third day they -reached a cabin, where they remained over night. While at breakfast on -the following morning, most of their provisions were stolen by some -thieving negroes. The theft not being discovered until they stopped at -mid-day to lunch, they were in a sad plight. They pushed on as fast as -possible, and late in the evening came to a cabin inhabited by very poor -people. A scanty supper was set before them, which they ate and retired -for the night. The breakfast-table on the following morning was -bountifully supplied with hog, hominy<a name="page_049" id="page_049"></a> and corn-dodgers. Mr. Nichols -having never before seen a corn-dodger, took a large mouthful of one, -and then walking deliberately to the door, spat it out. On resuming his -seat at the table, he requested Mr. Joe, in German, not to eat those -<i>saw-dust</i> cakes. Mr. Joe, knowing the difference between saw-dust and -corn-meal, continued to put away the dodgers, to the great disgust of -his brother-in-law, who finished his breakfast on hog and hominy. They -finally reached Newnansville, transacted their business and returned -safely home, after an absence of about two weeks.</p> - -<p>Soon after the return of her husband from Newnansville, Mrs. Nichols -gave birth to a child. It lived only two hours, and in less than one -week from its birth its mother followed the little angel to</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“The undiscovered country, from whose bourne<br /></span> -<span class="i1">No traveler returns.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p class="nind">The surviving child, a little girl two years old, was adopted by Madam -Joe, who reared and educated her. She is at this time the wife of Mr. -William O’Neil, who resides at Palmetto, on the north side of the -Manatee Bay.</p> - -<p>The money borrowed from Colonel Belknap still remained unpaid, which was -a source of great trouble to Madam Joe. She had the inclination, but not -the means to cancel the debt. The colonel proposed to send for his -family at the North, and<a name="page_050" id="page_050"></a> install Madam Joe as housekeeper. The -proposition was cheerfully acquiesced in; and early in the year 1845, -Madam Joe, accompanied by her husband, daughter and niece, went to Tampa -and resided in the house of Colonel Belknap, at Fort Brooke. The -Terraceia homestead was left in charge of Mr. Nichols and a hired man. -The colonel’s family at that time consisted of his wife, two daughters -and a son. That son, General W. W. Belknap, at present a resident of -Keokuk, Iowa, made an honorable and enviable record during the war of -the Rebellion, and was afterward Secretary of War during a part of -President Grant’s administration.</p> - -<p>During the eight months Madam Joe resided with the family of Colonel -Belknap, she frequently saw the wily chief, Billy Bowlegs, and other -noted Seminoles, for whom, to use her own words, she “cooked many a -meal.” Close confinement caused a recurrence of her old disease—liver -complaint—and she reluctantly left the hospitable house of Colonel -Belknap for her homestead on Terraceia, where by constant out-door -exercise, she soon regained her usual health. Even at the present day, -Madam Joe’s universal panacea is “the grubbing-hoe and elbow-grease.” -She practices what she preaches, and unlike the medical profession, -takes her own medicine. Soon after the return of Madam Joe and family to -Terraceia,<a name="page_051" id="page_051"></a> Mr. Nichols concluded to go to New Orleans. During that -year—1846—the yellow fever nearly depopulated the city, and Mr. -Nichols was probably one of its victims, as he has never been heard from -by his friends since he left Terraceia.</p> - -<p>In the fall of 1846, one of the severest gales that ever visited this -section of the country passed over Tampa, Terraceia, Palmetto and -Manatee. Madam Joe’s house was blown down and all her furniture -destroyed. The hen-house was the only structure that survived the storm. -The fowls were dispossessed of their domicile, and the family occupied -it until another house was built.</p> - -<p>In 1848, a government official visited this part of Florida to examine -proofs of claimants to land under the Armed Occupation and Homestead -Acts. On examining Madam Joe’s papers, it was discovered that two -permits had been issued for the same number. This error could only be -rectified at the General Land Office in Washington. It was deemed -advisable by Madam Joe and her husband to return to Tampa and remain -there until the mistake in relation to their homestead could be -rectified. Mr. Joe hired a man to assist him in building a house at -Tampa, and they went up the Hillsborough River to cut logs and make -shingles for the structure. In the month of September the logs for the -house were formed into a raft and the shingles placed on it. Everything -being in readiness<a name="page_052" id="page_052"></a> for a start, a furious gale set in, which destroyed -the raft and scattered the logs and shingles for miles along the banks -of the river. Having gathered the logs and shingles together and rafted -them down to Tampa, Mr. Joe visited his family at Terraceia, where he -learned that during the late storm his wife, child and niece had taken -refuge in the house of a friend on another part of the island. He -returned to Tampa, and his family followed soon after. When Madam Joe -arrived, she did not admire the location her husband had selected for -the house. The frame was taken down and erected on a lot on the -town-side of the river, and was soon occupied by the family. The -property is still owned by Madam Joe.</p> - -<p>Misfortunes, it is said, never come single-handed. In the early part of -1849, Mr. Joe injured one of his feet, and soon after was attacked with -chills and fever, which, despite medical treatment, continued nine -months. At this time Madam Joe’s finances were at a fearfully low ebb; -but being equal to the emergency, she cast about for something to do -whereby she could earn an honest penny. She accordingly started a -home-made beer and cake shop, which being liberally patronized by the -soldiers, soon placed her in easy financial circumstances. Her husband -at the same time kept a sutler’s store at Fort Chiconicla.</p> - -<p>About this time a partly-finished house, built by<a name="page_053" id="page_053"></a> a friend—Mr. -Reece—in Palmetto, was sold by the sheriff, and Madam Joe became the -purchaser, with the hope that Mr. Reece would be able to redeem the -property. Failing to do so, Madam Joe and family left Tampa and located -in Palmetto in the year 1851. Here they opened a small store, in which -they did a thriving business. They also cultivated their farm on -Terraceia Island, and by degrees, as their means permitted, stocked it -with cattle, horses and hogs. Additions were also made to their stock of -goods, and finally they purchased a colored man, who was an excellent -farm hand, and proved of great service to his owners.</p> - -<p>In 1855 another Indian war broke out. Volunteer companies, home-guards -and boat companies were organized for protection against Indian -incursions. Many plantations were abandoned and homes broken up. Mr. Joe -belonged to one of the boat companies, and a ten days’ scout being -prolonged to twenty days, it was reported that the entire party had been -massacred by the Indians. During the scout they visited the Indian camps -in the Everglades, from whence Mr. Joe brought away as trophies a silver -cup and a spoon belonging to Billy Bowlegs. The cup was subsequently -sold to Colonel Jewett, U. S. A. The country was in a state of commotion -and fever of excitement until the close of the war, in 1858. During<a name="page_054" id="page_054"></a> -these eventful years, Madam Joe stood guard with her musket or rifle -whenever her services were required. She never showed the white feather.</p> - -<p>Peace had scarcely been restored, when the civil war of 1861 broke out, -and Florida was again in a state of anarchy. Mr. Joe enlisted in the -Confederate service, and served in Tennessee and Kentucky. At the close -of the war, Madam Joe sold her place at Palmetto, with the intention of -returning to Europe, but her physician informed her that she could not -survive a change of climate, which induced her to abandon the idea of -visiting the Fatherland. The family again took up their residence on -Terraceia, where Mr. Joe died on the 29th of October, 1871. Madam Joe -sold part of her Terraceia plantation and moved to Fogartyville, her -present location, in the year 1873. Her garden at this place comprises -only four acres, but nowhere else in Florida can be found so many -different varieties of trees, plants, vegetables, vines, shrubs and -flowers. Mrs. William Fogarty, the daughter of Madam Joe, with her -husband and son, reside with the madam. Here, in the year 1876, was -planted a few grains of Mexican coffee, received from a neighbor, Mrs. -E. S. Warner. On the 20th of February, 1880, Madam Joe sent to the -Commissioner of Agriculture, at Washington, the <i>first pound of coffee -grown in the United States</i>, for which she received ten dollars. This<a name="page_055" id="page_055"></a> -spring she has sent to the Agricultural Department, at Washington, four -pounds of coffee, the product of two trees. Next year she will have -eight coffee trees in bearing, and at least one hundred young trees in -her nursery. As quite a diversity of opinion exists in relation to the -origin of the seed from which the first coffee was grown in the United -States, I append the following communications from Mrs. E. S. Warner, of -Manatee, Fla., and Dr. A. A. Russell, of Cordova, Mexico, published in -the Tampa <i>Tribune</i>, of September 26th, 1880:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="r"> -“<span class="smcap">Manatee, Fla.</span>, <i>August 30th, 1880</i>. -</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Dr. Wall</span>: Dear Sir—I inclose a letter from Dr. A. A. Russell, of -Cordova, Mexico, the gentleman from whose plantation the -coffee-seed was procured that has been successfully reproduced by -Madam Atzeroth here. As the subject of coffee-raising in this State -is causing considerable inquiry, and as this letter contains much -valuable information on the subject, I submit it to you for -publication, asking the favor of having a copy forwarded to the -doctor from your office as soon as issued. Very respectfully,</p> - -<p class="r"> -“<span class="smcap">E. S. Warner</span>.”<br /> -</p> -</div> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="r">“<span class="smcap">Cordova, Mexico</span>, <i>May 19th, 1880</i>. -</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Mrs. E. S. Warner</span>: Madam—It was quite a pleasure to receive your -very kind letter of April 1st. I congratulate you most heartily, -and am proud to learn that from the <i>seed I sent was produced the -first coffee in the States</i>. I think I wrote you that the plant -requires shade. In this climate we prefer to plant in fresh, -timbered land; cutting out at first only the undergrowth, and -taking out a few trees<a name="page_056" id="page_056"></a> every year after for two or three years, -thus graduating the shade and ventilating as appears to be -required. The palatine (or plantain, or banana, as you probably -call it) makes a good shade, and may be cut out, or under leaves -trimmed off as may seem to be necessary. Coffee requires a rich, -vegetable soil, or manure. The berry is fully ripe when dark red, -but the grain is matured if the berry is picked when it has become -yellow or only turning red; however, the coffee is of better -quality if the berry is fully ripe, that is, of a deep or dark red. -When gathered, it should be spread out at once to dry in the sun. -It may be dried on mats, scaffolds or platforms of planks or -boards. In good or favorable weather it requires about three weeks -to dry. Here it is often dried on the ground. It may be spread from -two to four inches thick, and should be stirred twice or three -times a day; and if it should get wet a few times on the dryer, -before half dry, no harm will be done and the coffee not injured in -the least, if frequently stirred to prevent fermentation. When half -dry it should be protected from rain and dew. If it has been wet a -few times it will be more easily cleaned, but if frequently wet it -will be of a darker color; also much darker, and even black and -spoiled, if allowed to heat and ferment. It may be pulped by some -of the pulping machines now in use, the day it is gathered, then -washed and dried. The pulped coffee will dry in a few days, -occupies less space in drying, and is of a lighter color, which, -with you, I presume, are considerations of little importance at -present.</p> - -<p>“You will know the coffee is sufficiently dry when the hull crushes -readily under the foot. The most simple, and, by the way, not a -very bad process for cleaning the coffee, is the primitive mode of -cleaning rice; that is, to beat it out in a deep mortar with a -heavy pestle, and as the chaff accumulates dip out the coffee with -a cup in the left hand, pour<a name="page_058" id="page_058"></a><a name="page_059" id="page_059"></a><a name="page_057" id="page_057"></a>ing back into the mortar from the -same height, at the same time blowing off the chaff with a fan in -the right hand, repeating the process until clean.</p> - -<p>“There are a variety of machines for hulling and cleaning coffee, -which will be a matter of consideration when the production -requires it. Now that you have succeeded in producing the grain, -you will have less difficulty in propagating from the acclimated -seed, which should be thoroughly ripe, squeezed out of the pulp and -dried in the shade. Hope you will continue successfully, and -establish plantations of importance.</p> - -<p class="r"> -Your obedient servant,<br /> -“<span class="smcap">A. A. Russell</span>.”</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<a href="images/i_b_058_lg.jpg"> -<br /> -<img class="enlargeimage" -src="images/enlarge-image.jpg" -alt="" -width="18" -height="14" /> -<br /> -<img src="images/i_b_058_sml.jpg" width="445" height="550" alt="MADAM JULIA ATZEROTH. -The lady who raised the first coffee grown in the United States. -From a photograph by F. Pinard, Manatee and Tampa." title="MADAM JULIA ATZEROTH. -The lady who raised the first coffee grown in the United States. -From a photograph by F. Pinard, Manatee and Tampa." /></a> -<br /> -<span class="caption">MADAM JULIA ATZEROTH.<br /> -The lady who raised the first coffee grown in the United States.<br /> -From a photograph by F. Pinard, Manatee and Tampa.</span> -</div> - -<p>The portrait of Madam Joe is a truthful likeness. Above the medium -height of her sex, with features bronzed by a tropical sun and the -exposure and hardships of a pioneer life, she is nevertheless a -well-preserved matron of seventy-four years, with as noble and generous -a heart as ever pulsated within the breast of a human being. She is -passionately fond of music and waltzing, and can</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Trip the light fastastic toe”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p class="nind">as gracefully as a miss of sixteen. May her days in the land be -prolonged beyond fourscore years and ten.<a name="page_060" id="page_060"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V.</h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Warners, Mother and Sons—Palmasola City—Steam Saw-mill and -other Improvements—Sam Nichols and his Shell-mound—Palmasola -Bay—Sarasota Bay and its Surroundings—Snead’s -Island—Shell-mound—Date-palm and Olive Trees—Uncle Joe and his -Dogs with Glass Eyes—Sapp’s Point—Palmetto—The Patten and Turner -Plantations—Judah P. Benjamin—Oak Hill—Terraceia Island—Landing -of De Soto in 1539.</span></p></div> - -<p>W<small>ESTWARD</small> of Fogartyville, on the south side of the bay, among the most -prominent residences, are those of the Warners, mother and sons. Thence -westward, across a bayou, on a sand-spit projecting into the bay, stands -the steam saw and planing-mill of Messrs. W. S. Warner & Co., just -completed. This mill, wharf and warehouse are the <i>nuclei</i> of Palmasola -City, which is soon to skirt the adjacent sand hills, and cause the -surrounding “wilderness to blossom as the rose.” Mr. Warner is a Bay -State Yankee of indomitable pluck, and his partner, Mr. J. S. Beach, who -resides at Terre Haute, Ind., controls the money bags of a national -bank. If capital and pluck wean build a city, the success of Palmasola -may be<a name="page_061" id="page_061"></a> set down as assured. Along the bay, west of the Warners, are the -ranches of Messrs. Sweetzer, Burgess, Sykes and Bishop. A few miles -further west is Shaw’s Point, at the mouth of the bay. Here, on an -immense shell-mound, surrounded by hammock and pine land, Mr. Sam -Nichols, a native of Alabama, has entered a homestead of 160 acres of -land. Although severely wounded during our late “unpleasantness,” Mr. -Nichols has beaten his musket into a plowshare, his sword into a -pruning-hook, and, like a good citizen, is earning his bread by the -sweat of his brow.</p> - -<p>Along the Gulf coast, southward, skirting Palmasola and Sarasota Bays, -may be found the hospitable homes of Messrs. Farrar, Adams, Moore, -Buckner, Harp, Stephonse, Tyler, Spang, Crowley, Dorch, Callan, Riggin, -Dunham, Smith, Helveston, Whitaker, Willard, Bidwell, Edmondson, C. E. -and M. R. Abbe, Liddell, Greer, Yonge, Boardman, Young, Lancaster, -Cunliff, Woodworth, Jones, Anderson, Crocker, Hansen, Bronson Bros., -Clower, Lowe, Webb, Griffith, Bacon, Knight, Guptrel and Roberts.</p> - -<p>On the north side of Manatee Bay, at its entrance into Tampa Bay, is -Snead’s Island, separated from the mainland by a narrow and shallow -“cut-off” leading into Terraceia Bay, and also by a wider and deeper -channel opening into Tampa Bay, and separating it from Terraceia -Island.<a name="page_062" id="page_062"></a> Midway of the island, fronting on Manatee Bay, is a curiosity -in the shape of a shell-mound or earth-work, crescent-shaped, and some -forty feet in height. The distance between the points of the crescent on -the bank of the bay, is five hundred feet. On the highest point of the -mound, and nearly in the centre, stands a frame dwelling, somewhat -dilapidated, erected by a former owner of the place. On the eastern -angle are two date-palm and two olive trees. The former are fifteen -inches in diameter and forty feet in height. The latter are eighteen -inches in diameter two feet above the ground, and fifty feet in height. -Both the olive and date-palms bear fruit; the former in large -quantities. On the mound in the centre of the crescent, and near the -house, are two olibanum trees, eighteen inches in diameter and fifty -feet in height. Was this mound an Indian burial place, or was it thrown -up by the early Spanish invaders as a defense against the Natchez, a -warlike and semi-civilized tribe of Indians, who, at the time of the -Spanish conquest, inhabited this part of Florida? <i>Quien sabe?</i></p> - -<p>The only human occupants of the island at this time are uncle Joe -Franklin and his wife, an aged couple. Uncle Joe lives in a palmetto hut -with a shell floor, and with the old ’oman and two glasseyed dogs as -companions,</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“His hours in cheerful labor fly.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p><a name="page_063" id="page_063"></a></p> - -<p>Uncle Joe is a character, and all visitors to the Manatee should call on -him, examine his mammoth wild fig tree and hedge of century plants. -<i>Mem.</i> Ask him to chain his dogs before you go ashore, otherwise the -seat of your inexpressibles will require repairs. I have been there.</p> - -<p>Eastward, above the Terraceia cut-off, is Sapp’s Point. Further along, -and directly opposite Braidentown, is Palmetto, a young town containing -two stores and a post-office. The reader will perceive that Uncle Sam -distributes post-offices in Florida with a lavish hand. We have three of -these convenient institutions within a radius of one and a half -miles—Braidentown, Manatee, Palmetto—and Palmasola City, only three -miles distant, will have one as soon as Postmaster Warner shall build an -office to protect the mail matter of that growing city.</p> - -<p>Immediately in the rear of Palmetto is a prairie of several miles in -extent. North-east of the town, about one mile distant in the hammock, -Mr. Hendricks, of Palmetto, has a promising six-years-old orange grove, -grown from seeds planted with his own hands. Mr. Hendricks cultivates -vegetables between the rows of his orange trees, and last year he -realized several hundred dollars by shipping his early tomatoes, -cucumbers and snap-beans to New York and other Northern markets. To Mr. -Hendricks belongs the credit<a name="page_064" id="page_064"></a> of starting the early vegetable boom in -the Manatee region.</p> - -<p>Mr. David Zehner, from Louisiana, has recently purchased a strip of -scrub hammock, east of the town, where he intends to make the -cultivation of grapes and strawberries a specialty. He has already -received several thousand cuttings and plants of the choicest varieties. -A few miles further eastward, you reach the plantation of Major W. I. -Turner, the god-father of Braidentown, who has forty acres in tomatoes, -cucumbers, squashes and beans. He has already commenced shipping his -vegetables to the Northern markets.</p> - -<p>Half a mile east of Major Turner’s is the extensive plantation of Major -George Patten. General Hiram W. Leffingwell, ex-United States Marshal -for the Eastern District of Missouri, has recently purchased 200 acres -of this land, and is negotiating for more. Two of the general’s sons, -with their families and an unmarried nephew, are now encamped on the -land, and are busily engaged in erecting dwelling-houses and the -necessary out-buildings. The general and his wife will arrive later in -the season. In addition to the cultivation of the various fruits of the -citrus family, the general will devote his attention to general farm -crops and the growing of early vegetables for the Northern and Western -markets. Another St. Louis gentleman, Mr. C. G. B.<a name="page_065" id="page_065"></a> Drummond, Assistant -U. S. District Attorney, has purchased 120 acres of land on the Rogers’ -hammock near Oak Hill, on which he will set out an orange grove this -summer.</p> - -<p>Mr. H. O. Cannon, a California Argonaut, and late resident of New -Albany, Ind., after having spent several winters prospecting Florida, -has, like a sensible man, concluded to pitch his tent on the Patten -plantation. With this view, he has purchased twenty acres of land, which -he has commenced grubbing and fencing, preparatory to planting an orange -and lemon grove. Mr. C. H. Walworth, of Milwaukee, has purchased twenty -acres of land adjoining Mr. Cannon, which he will have cleared, grubbed -and planted in orange and lemon trees this year.</p> - -<p>In <i>ante bellum</i> times, the present Patten plantation was known first as -the Gamble, and afterward as the Cofield and Davis plantation, and was -the largest and most thoroughly equipped sugar plantation in the State -of Florida. The owners worked 200 hands, and had 1,400 acres of -sugar-cane in one field. Their sugar-mill and refinery contained all the -modern appliances, and, at the commencement of the war, was worth half a -million dollars. Soon after the breaking out of hostilities, most of the -slaves were sent to Louisiana, and work on the plantation was abandoned. -During the last year of the war, a Federal gunboat entered the<a name="page_066" id="page_066"></a> Manatee -Bay, and a boat’s crew, commanded by an officer, blew up the sugar-house -and set fire to the refinery. The destruction was complete; and to-day -may be seen the ponderous fly-wheel of the engine, broken shafts and -crumbling walls—sad mementos of the event. The family mansion, a large -two-story brick structure, with galleries around three sides of both -stories, escaped the hand of the destroyer. Although bearing the -finger-marks of time, it is at this day, a substantial structure, and, -with slight repairs, would weather the storms of another century. -Connected with this old mansion is a history, now for the first time -published.</p> - -<p>Within these walls during the last days of the Southern Confederacy, -when that fabric (on paper) was fast crumbling to pieces, Judah P. -Benjamin, a fugitive from justice, and flying for his life under the -assumed name of Charles Howard, was the guest for nearly two months of -Captain Archibald McNeill, its then occupant. When on that memorable -Sunday, in the spring of 1865, Jeff. Davis and his cabinet hastily fled -from Richmond, Benjamin and Breckinridge struck out for the wilds of -Florida, which seemed to offer a secure retreat. Arrived at Gainsville, -Breckinridge sought refuge on the Atlantic coast, and Benjamin, under -the guidance of Captain L. G. Leslie, started for the Gulf coast, <i>via</i> -Tampa, and arrived safely at the mansion of Captain McNeill. After -remaining<a name="page_067" id="page_067"></a> nearly two months at Captain McNeill’s, Benjamin was conveyed -in a boat to Manatee, and from thence to Sarasoto Bay in a horse-cart, -by Rev. E. Glazier, of Manatee; from thence to Cape Florida in a small -sail-boat, commanded by Captain Fred. Tresca, also a resident of -Manatee. At Cape Florida a larger boat was procured, and after several -hair-breadth escapes from Federal gunboats and the perils of the sea, -Captain Tresca landed his charge safely on one of the islands of the -Bahama group, and returned to Manatee $1,500 richer than when he left -home. Benjamin reached England safely, where he has acquired fame and -fortune. Should this page by chance meet his eye, he will no doubt be -pleased to learn that Captain McNeill, past threescore and ten, has -retired from active life and settled in Manatee, surrounded by a large -family. Captain Tresca, or Captain “Fred.,” as he is called by his -friends, lives with his wife and two children on a small plantation near -Braidentown. Although he counts his years away up among the nineties, he -is still a well-preserved “old salt.” Rev. E. Glazier is still a -resident of Manatee, and looks as though he had renewed his lease of -life for another half century. Judas betrayed his Master for the paltry -sum of thirty pieces of silver. Twenty-five thousand dollars was the -price offered by the United States Government for the <i>corpus</i> of the -fugitive.<a name="page_068" id="page_068"></a> The example of Judas was not followed by those who assisted -Benjamin to escape.</p> - -<p>There are more than a thousand acres of the rich hammock land belonging -to this plantation for sale at from $15 to $25 per acre, according to -location. When the fact that it cost originally $75 per acre to clear -this land, is taken into consideration, it will be seen that the price -at which it is now offered is very low, and places it within the reach -of persons of small means. The land will be sold in lots to suit -purchasers.</p> - -<p>Adjoining the grounds of the Patten mansion is the residence of Hamet J. -Craig, who has a young orange grove of three hundred trees and ten acres -of hammock land under cultivation. Five miles further on, in a -north-easterly direction, is Oak Hill, the former residence of Major W. -I. Turner. At this place the major has a bearing orange grove of several -hundred trees, and also one of the most promising six-years-old groves -of six hundred trees to be found in the Manatee region. Adjoining Major -Turner is the grove of Walter Tresca, just coming into bearing, and near -by is the young grove of Mr. William Gillett.</p> - -<p>Terraceia Island, separated from Snead’s Island by a narrow channel, is -bounded on the west by Tampa Bay, on the north by Frog Creek, and on the -east by Terraceia Bay. This island contains several tracts of excellent -hammock land, most of<a name="page_069" id="page_069"></a> which is under improvement. On this island are -located the bearing orange groves of Messrs. Hallock, Lennard and -Williams; Messrs. Kennedy, Howard, Gifford, Watkins, Hobart, Patten and -Wyatt are also located on this island. Judge Cessna, of Gainesville, has -recently purchased a plantation on the island, and will soon locate -there. Other persons on the line of the Transit Railroad having become -disgusted with frost and ice, are seeking homes in the Manatee region. -On the mainland, on the east side, and about midway of Terraceia Bay, is -the plantation of Mr. John Craig. Mr. Craig raises the finest cane and -has the reputation of making the best sugar in Manatee County.</p> - -<p>A short distance north of Terraceia Island, on the mainland, Hernando De -Soto, fresh from the conquest of Peru, where he was associated with -Francisco Pizarro, landed his troops in the latter part of May, 1539. He -sailed from Havana on Sunday, May 18th, 1539, with his troops embarked -in five large ships, two caravels and two brigantines. The disastrous -fate of his predecessors in Florida cast no gloom on the mind of De -Soto, and his assurances of success imparted confidence to those who -accompanied him. He had never been defeated in battle, and was believed -by his soldiers to be invincible. His officers were men of valor and -ripe experience, and his troops were<a name="page_070" id="page_070"></a> well disciplined, a majority of -them having served in many campaigns, and all were well acquainted with -Indian warfare.</p> - -<p>His wife, Dona Isabella, did not share his enthusiasm, and desired to -accompany him and share the dangers she believed he was about to -encounter; but De Soto strenuously opposed her wishes, and encouraged -her to believe that the time of reunion was not far distant. The -conquest of Florida appeared to De Soto to be an easy task, from which -he could soon return with large accessions of wealth and glory.</p> - -<p>Contrary and baffling winds kept the squadron tossing about in the Gulf -of Mexico for several days. De Soto and his troops obtained their first -view of the Land of Flowers on the morning of the 25th day of May, and -in the afternoon of the same day they came to anchor about two leagues -from the shore. The shoals which extended along the coast prevented the -ships from coming nearer. They had, in the meantime, been discovered by -the natives, who had kindled beacon-fires along the beach, now known as -Pinellas, as signals to collect their forces and be in readiness to -repel their enemies. De Soto’s vessels were anchored off the mouth of -Tampa Bay, called by the Spaniards the Bay of Espiritu Santo.</p> - -<p>The Natchez, who inhabited the neighboring country, were governed by a -chief named Ucita,<a name="page_071" id="page_071"></a> whose hatred of the Spaniards is easily explained. -When Pamphilo de Narvaez visited this region in 1528, he was kindly -received and hospitably entertained by the Chief Ucita, and a treaty of -peace between them was formed; yet, on a very slight pretense, the wily -and bloodthirsty Pamphilo caused the chief’s nose to be cut off, and his -aged mother to be torn to pieces by dogs! Hence, the reason why Ucita -displayed implacable resentment in his behavior to De Soto and his -companions in arms.</p> - -<p>Thus, it will be seen that from the earliest history of our country, the -aborigines have been treated with the most impolitic and -unchristian-like barbarity; and it is highly probable that much of that -ferocity which characterizes the Indians of the far West at this time, -may be ascribed to the harsh and merciless treatment which their -ancestors received from the early Spanish explorers, who acted on the -principle that the Indians had no rights that a white man was bound to -respect.</p> - -<p>Wishing to avoid a collision with the Indians at that time, De Soto -weighed anchor, and proceeded with his fleet two leagues further up the -bay, where he disembarked his troops in boats. The place where he landed -was on the eastern shore of Hillsborough Bay, above the mouth of the -Little Manatee River, and near the line which separates Hillsborough and -Manatee Counties.<a name="page_072" id="page_072"></a></p> - -<p>The Indians being anxious to get rid of De Soto and his followers, -informed them that <i>El Dorado</i>, for which they were seeking, was further -northward. De Soto sent his ships back to Havana, and commenced his -toilsome march overland, which ended with his death and burial in the -Mississippi River, on the 5th day of June, 1542, three years and one -month after the date of his arrival in Tampa Bay.<a name="page_073" id="page_073"></a><a name="page_074" id="page_074"></a></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<a href="images/i_b_074_lg.jpg"> -<br /> -<img class="enlargeimage" -src="images/enlarge-image.jpg" -alt="" -width="18" -height="14" /> -<br /> -<img src="images/i_b_074_sml.jpg" width="500" height="293" alt="SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE. -The Residence of Samuel C. Upham, Braidentown, Florida." title="SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE. -The Residence of Samuel C. Upham, Braidentown, Florida." /></a> -<br /> -<span class="caption">SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE.<br /> -The Residence of Samuel C. Upham, Braidentown, Florida.</span> -</div> - -<p><a name="page_075" id="page_075"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI.</h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><span class="smcap">“Sunnyside”—Orange and Banana Groves—Lemons And Limes—Coffee -Trees and Pine-apples—California Grapes—Quality of the Land—Mode -of Cultivation—Florida, Past, Present and Future—Increased -Production—Better and Cheaper Transportation—Interrogatories And -Answers.</span></p></div> - -<p>H<small>AVING</small> given the reader a hasty outline of the Manatee region, I will -add a brief <i>resume</i> of my personal experience at “Sunnyside” during the -past eighteen months. On my arrival in Braidentown, in the fall of 1879, -my land was a “howling wilderness.” At this time I have a young orange -grove of six hundred trees, sixty lemon, fifteen lime, ten guava, half a -dozen olive, two soft-shell almond, twenty coffee, four each Japan plum -and persimmon, two pomegranate, two cocoa-nut and four Le Conte pear -trees, all of which are growing luxuriantly. I also have one acre in -bananas and sixty pine-apple plants, both of which will bear fruit next -year. Around the fence inclosing my house lot, I have sixty California -grape-vines of the choicest varieties, viz.: Flaming Tokay, White Muscat -of Alexandria, Mission and Rose of Peru. The vines are looking well, and -will bear fruit next year.<a name="page_076" id="page_076"></a></p> - -<p>The land on which I am located is spruce-pine, interspersed with -water-oak and scrub palmetto, which would be pronounced by the average -Floridian worthless. I had at the commencement, and still have, abiding -faith in the white sand of Florida with a mulatto sub-soil. No matter -how white the surface, if underlaid by a mulatto or yellow sub-soil, the -citrus family will thrive. The foliage of my young trees is dark green, -and their vigorous growth astonishes the “crackers,” who predicted a -failure. Owing to the mildness of the climate—my location being exempt -from frost—my trees grew all last winter. My orange trees are set in -parallel rows, thirty feet apart each way; the lemon and lime trees -twenty-five feet apart; the bananas twelve feet, and the pineapples two -feet apart. I hoe my grove every two months, and plow it four times a -year. Thus, by keeping the soil constantly tickled with the hoe, my -trees laugh with a bountiful foliage. What I have done, can be performed -by others. There is no secret about the matter. We welcome immigrants -from the frigid North, from the prairies of the West, and from the lands -beyond the sea. To all we say, come and tarry with us.</p> - -<p>Florida, the first State belonging to the Union, discovered and settled -by Europeans, has, during the past 350 years, been hustled about from -pillar to post like a shuttle-cock. The repeated Indian<a name="page_077" id="page_077"></a> wars from 1816 -to 1858, rendered life so insecure, that the early settlers literally -carried their lives in their hands. Is it then a matter of surprise that -Florida is so sparsely populated? Mr. J. S. Adams, former Commissioner -of Immigration, truthfully remarks: “The wonder truly is, not that she -has not attained a more flourishing condition, but that she exists at -all, and that her boundless forests, her lovely rivers and her beautiful -lakes are not fast locked in the silent embrace of a moveless -desolation.” Since slavery, which rested like an incubus of original sin -on the soil of Florida, has been removed, immigration has been pouring -in from the North and the West, and from the isles of the ocean. -Germany, Italy, France and England have each furnished their quota, and -the forests along the line of the railroads, as well as those accessible -by steamboats, are beginning to show the effects of an advanced -civilization. The gigantic undertaking of draining Lake Okeechobee and -the Everglades, together with the construction of a ship canal, -connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Gulf of Mexico, by Mr. Hamilton -Disston, of Philadelphia, and his coadjutors, is proof positive that a -new era is beginning to dawn on the Land of Flowers, and, ere many -years, the southern portion of the State will be one vast orange grove, -interspersed with the guava, lemon, lime, pine-apple and banana.<a name="page_078" id="page_078"></a> I hear -the skeptic say: “You will overstock the market, and your fruit will not -pay the cost of transportation.” The orange <i>par excellence</i> can be -grown <i>only</i> in the soil of Florida, therefore competition with foreign -countries need not be feared. Florida will soon be able to supply the -cities of the Mediterranean with a superior fruit to that grown on their -own shores, and more cheaply. Increased production and transportation -will cause a corresponding reduction in freight, and also insure greater -and better facilities in the modes of transportation. There will also be -a large reduction in price to the consumer, which will enable the man of -limited means—in other words, the poor man—to indulge with the -millionaire in the daily luxury of the golden apple of the -Hesperides—the Florida orange. The above may be deemed by some persons -chimerical, but time, the great arbiter of events, will solve the -problem.</p> - -<p>By every mail I am in receipt of letters asking all manner of questions -in relation to the climate, soil, productions, etc., of this part of -Florida. At first I cheerfully complied with the requests of my numerous -correspondents, but the novelty has worn off, and the task has become -slightly monotonous. Recently, I received a four-page capsheet letter -from a gentleman in Utah Territory, to which was appended seventeen -interrogatories<a name="page_079" id="page_079"></a> in relation to the Gulf Coast of South Florida. That -straw broke the camel’s back, and, in reply to the following question: -“I see by the last census that Manatee County has a population of over -4,000, and not a death recorded for 1880. Do people ever die there?” I -wrote immediately, “Hardly ever. When we want to start a graveyard, we -kill a man.” I am firmly impressed with the belief that my Mormon -correspondent, with a “family of ten persons,” will not immigrate to the -Land of Flowers. Below will be found twenty-five questions in relation -to Florida, from correspondents the “wide world over,” with answers -appended:</p> - -<p>1st. “At any time of the year do you have severe storms of thunder and -lightning?”</p> - -<p>During the rainy season, thunder showers, accompanied by lightning, -frequently occur, but they are not more severe than in the Northern and -Western States.</p> - -<p>2d. “Are venomous reptiles numerous?”</p> - -<p>During my residence and travels in Florida, I have never seen a -rattlesnake; I have seen a few moccasin, garter, coachwhip and -blacksnakes. The two latter are harmless, and are seldom killed by the -natives. Alligators are not numerous in this vicinity, and are -comparatively harmless. Scorpions and centipedes are seldom met with. -Their sting is no more severe than that of a bee.<a name="page_080" id="page_080"></a></p> - -<p>3d. “Is the land about Braidentown sandy or clayey?”</p> - -<p>The land on the margin of the bay is sandy; further back in the hammock, -the soil is dark gray and chocolate color, underlaid with clay and -limestone.</p> - -<p>4th. “Are the people mostly Northern?”</p> - -<p>Like an Englishman’s favorite beverage, they are ’alf-and-’alf.</p> - -<p>5th. “What is the name of your nearest town of any importance?”</p> - -<p>Have no towns of “importance” in this section of the country; they are -in the womb of time—not hatched yet.</p> - -<p>6th. “What is the character of your society?”</p> - -<p>Mixed.</p> - -<p>7th. “Do you consider Florida as healthy as California?”</p> - -<p>I consider this Manatee region the sanitarium of the world. A more -healthful spot cannot be found on God’s footstool.</p> - -<p>8th. “Do malarial fevers prevail in your section any time during the -year?”</p> - -<p>In the rich, low hammock lands, where vegetation is rank, malarial -fevers exist in the fall of the year. Chills and fever here yield more -readily to proper medical treatment than in the West. Pine land is -exempt from malaria.</p> - -<p>9th. “Does the summer heat prove enervating?”<a name="page_081" id="page_081"></a></p> - -<p>That depends on a man’s constitution. If born tired, yes.</p> - -<p>10th. “Is it true that the summer weather with you is more -pleasant—less oppressive—than at the North?”</p> - -<p>Yes; the thermometer rarely registers more than 96°. It reached that -point only twice last summer.</p> - -<p>11th. “Are the nights in summer always cool?”</p> - -<p>Generally; sometimes cooler than in the winter.</p> - -<p>12th. “Can you work out of doors during the day in summer time?”</p> - -<p>Yes, when it does not rain. I have not seen a day too hot to work out of -doors since my arrival in Florida.</p> - -<p>13th. “Do the crops of vegetables and grass burn under the summer sun?”</p> - -<p>We don’t raise vegetables in the summer. Our vegetables are grown in the -winter and spring, when the land at the North is locked fast in the -embrace of frost and ice. The grass here is very nutritious, and large -herds of cattle fatten on it. This section of country supplies Cuba with -beef.</p> - -<p>14th. “Are insects—fleas and mosquitoes—more troublesome than at the -North?”</p> - -<p>Fleas sometimes make it lively with us; but there are fewer mosquitoes -in this locality than in a majority of the Northern States.</p> - -<p>15th. “Do you consider Manatee County one of the best to settle in?”<a name="page_082" id="page_082"></a></p> - -<p>It suits me better than any other part of Florida. You might go further -and fare worse.</p> - -<p>16th. “Do you think the Gulf Coast equal to the Atlantic Coast for -climate, health, etc.?”</p> - -<p>Yes; far superior.</p> - -<p>17th. “What is the price of land in your section?”</p> - -<p>That depends upon quality and location. Here, in the settlement of -Braidentown, land is selling at from $25 to $100 per acre. A short -distance back of the town, pine land can be purchased at from $1.50 to -$5 per acre; and hammock land at $10 per acre. Across the bay, nearly -opposite Manatee, on the Patten plantation, good hammock land, once -under cultivation, can be purchased at from $15 to $25 per acre, -according to location. This land is being rapidly metamorphosed into -vegetable gardens, whose products—tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, peas, -etc.—reach the Northern markets during the month of March.</p> - -<p>18th. “What are the business prospects for a new-comer?”</p> - -<p>That will depend a great deal on the “new-comer.” Come, investigate and -judge for yourself.</p> - -<p>19. “Can sugar-cane be grown to advantage in your neighborhood? and what -amount of sugar can be made to the acre?”</p> - -<p>The Manatee region is the natural home of the<a name="page_083" id="page_083"></a> sugar-cane. Here it -tassels, and consequently fully matures. Florida is the only State of -the Union in which the cane tassels. When the Cofield and Davis, now -Patten plantation, was in full operation, the average product was two -hogsheads of sugar to the acre. The cane here ratoons from six to eight -years.</p> - -<p>20th. “What is the cost of clearing land?”</p> - -<p>That depends on the quality of the land. The average pine land can be -cleared and grubbed at from $10 to $20 per acre. Hammock land will cost -double that price.</p> - -<p>21st. “Can lumber be had on the Manatee, and if so, at what price?”</p> - -<p>Heart-pine lumber, suitable for fencing or building purposes, can be had -here at $15 per M. Light wood posts can be purchased at $10 per hundred.</p> - -<p>22d. “What is the price of labor in your vicinity?”</p> - -<p>Colored laborers can be hired at from $15 to $20 per month, with board -or rations. The price is $1 per day when the laborer boards himself.</p> - -<p>23d. “Are fish, oysters and game plentiful?”</p> - -<p>Our rivers and bayous are literally alive with mullet—the mackerel of -the South. Sea-trout (black bass), jack-fish, sheepshead, red-fish, -angel-fish, drum and pompino can also be had in abundance in the water -around Palm Key, at the mouth<a name="page_084" id="page_084"></a> of the bay. Oysters and clams of a -superior quality can be had in Terraceia and Sarasoto Bays. Deer, -squirrels, quail and wild turkeys abound in the adjoining hammocks.</p> - -<p>24th. “Can you refer me to any person in your vicinity whose health has -been benefited by the climate?”</p> - -<p>Yes; several. Rev. Edmund Lee, of Manatee, arrived here forty-five years -ago, a confirmed invalid; in fact, nearly gone with pulmonary -consumption. On his first arrival he was so weak that it required -considerable effort to pull a mullet off a grid-iron. The healthfulness -of the climate, together with out-door exercise and a clear conscience, -have enabled him to fight the flesh and the devil successfully to the -present time. He is at this time a well-preserved patriarch of -seventy-two years; has outlived two wives, and bids fair to remain many -years longer on this side of Jordan.</p> - -<p>Mr. John M. Helm, residing some three miles south-east of Braidentown, -arrived from Windsor, Ind., about four years since. He also was nearly -gone with consumption. One lung was hepatized, and on the other a -tubercle formed, and discharged after his arrival here. Physicians at -the West pronounced his case hopeless—beyond the reach of medicine—and -recommended the climate of Florida as a last resort. He is now a well<a name="page_085" id="page_085"></a> -man, and can hoe more orange trees in a day, and hoe them better, than -any man I know in Florida.</p> - -<p>Two years ago I arrived here, clad in porous-plasters, suffering with -chronic rheumatism. Two months later I was as frisky as a lamb in spring -time. I am convinced that my old complaint has left me never to return, -so long as I remain here. I could record other cases, but the above must -suffice for the present.</p> - -<p>25th. “State the most direct route to Braidentown.”</p> - -<p>By rail to Cedar Key, the terminus of railroad communication, thence by -the boats of the Tampa Steamship Company to this place. A boat leaves -Cedar Key on Monday and Friday afternoon of each week, and arrives at -Braidentown early on the following morning. Fare, $8. The above is the -advertised programme, but it is sometimes changed to suit wind and -weather. Captains Jackson and Doane are thorough seamen, and do -everything in their power to render passengers comfortable. Whatever may -be the opinion of travelers in regard to the speed and accommodations of -the boats, they will unanimously agree that the fare—$8 for a distance -of less than 100 miles—is <i>first-class</i>. A line of light draught, -modern-built and comfortably fitted-up steamboats, between Cedar Key and -Braidentown, would be liberally patronized. Shall we have the boats? -Echo repeats the question.<a name="page_086" id="page_086"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII.</h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Florida Letter Published in a California Paper—Editorial -Remarks—The “Fountain of Youth”—The Manatee River and its -Surroundings—Tropical Fruits—Game and Fish—The Sportsman’s -Paradise—Letter to the Editress of the “Philadelphia Sunday -Times”—The Land of Promise—Sunstroke and Hydrophobia -Unknown—Cool Nights During the “Dog Days”—Preparing the Land and -Planting an Orange Grove—The Florida Orange—Route to the -Manatee—Climate of the Gulf Coast of South Florida—Record of -Thermometer and Rainfall for the Year 1880—No Frost—Report in -Relation to the Effects of the Freeze on the Atlantic Coast in -December Last.</span></p></div> - -<p>A<small>S</small> the following letters and communications have a direct bearing on the -Manatee region, the reader will pardon their republication. Among the -chaff perchance may be found a few grains of information that will pay -for the perusal. The first letter was written to a personal friend in -the city of New York, who forwarded it to the San Francisco <i>Examiner</i>. -It was first published in that paper with the following editorial -remarks;</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p>“Old Californians are not unfamiliar with the name of Mr. Samuel C. -Upham, an editor upon this coast in the early<a name="page_087" id="page_087"></a> days, and, of late, -the author of a work entitled <i>Voyage to California via Cape Horn, -and Scenes in El Dorado in 1849 and 1850</i>. We are permitted to copy -a letter from that gentleman, written in his humorous style, and -addressed to an old Californian friend, which may prove of interest -to others.”</p></div> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="r"> -<span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>, <i>June 16th, 1879</i>. -</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Friend C—— </span>: I owe you a letter, and the following is what I have -to say: You are aware that I went South last winter for the benefit -of my health, and that I returned in the spring as frisky as a -lamb. The late hot weather has pulled me down considerably, and I -sigh for the Land of Flowers, where Ponce de Leon searched for the -fountain of youth, and Upham found it. I was so charmed with the -climate of the Gulf Coast of South Florida, that, while there last -winter, I purchased 225 acres of land on the Manatee River, fifty -miles south of Tampa, and Mrs. U. and myself are going down to that -land of promise the coming fall, to plant an orange grove, and sit -under our own vine, orange and eucalyptus trees. It is a delightful -country, away down below “frost line,” where the pine-apple, -banana, guava, sapadillo, pomegranate, date, cocoa-nut, orange, -lime and lemon grow almost spontaneously. The rivers are -overflowing with fish, and the forests are overrun with game. -Roasted wild turkeys run about with carving-knives and forks -sticking in their backs, and ask to be eaten. The country now is a -trifle wild, but will soon become tamed and civilized. The people -are hospitable, and welcome all classes of strangers, with the -exception of “carpet-baggers.” They have been tried and found -wanting.</p> - -<p>I shall locate in the village—if two stores and four houses can be -dignified by that name—of Braidentown, Manatee County, Florida. -The place is scarcely twelve months old, but is bound to be heard -from—after I locate there. The<a name="page_088" id="page_088"></a> climate is delightful—sort of an -earthly Paradise. The thermometer during the winter months ranges -from 70° to 75°, and in summer rarely exceeds 90°, with a -sea-breeze blowing constantly either from the Atlantic or the Gulf. -The nights in summer are invariably cool, and one can lie -comfortably under blankets during “dog days.”</p> - -<p>I do not expect to make money in Florida, but I do expect to enjoy -better health than in this city; hence the reason of my exodus. I -shall, first off, plant an orange grove of 500 trees, which, in -eight years, barring accidents, ought to yield me a handsome -revenue. Should I “shuffle off this mortal coil” before these -orange trees commence bearing, I shall feel disappointed—that’s -all. I think the change will give me a renewed lease of life; and, -as I intend to plant three-years-old trees, I think the chances are -rather in my favor. The Good Book says: “What does it profit a man -if he gain the whole world and lose his own life?” I am not -prepared to “hand in my checks” just yet; hence my change of base. -I have been watching and praying the past four or five years for -the “good time coming” to put in an appearance, but it has not -arrived, and will not, I fear, during my sojourn in this vale of -tears. I have a mortal dread of the poor-house. In Florida that -institution is unknown. My eldest son will take charge of my store -and laboratory in this city, so the business will go on without -interruption. As I have spun out this letter to a great length, I -will say domino.</p> - -<p class="r"> -Truly yours,<br /> -<span class="smcap">S. C. Upham</span>.</p></div> - -<p>The following letter was published originally in Taggart’s <i>Philadelphia -Sunday Times</i>, under the following caption: “Life in Florida. -Interesting letter from Samuel C. Upham, formerly of<a name="page_089" id="page_089"></a> Philadelphia, but -now located in Florida, addressed to our lady editress. Hints to those -who may wish to visit the Flowery Land.”</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="r"> -<span class="smcap">Sunnyside Cottage</span>,<br /> -<span class="smcap">Braidentown, Fla.</span>, <i>June 8th, 1880</i>.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">My Dear Mrs. Bladen</span>: In the <i>Sunday Times</i> of the 30th ult., you -say:</p> - -<p>“Mr. Samuel C. Upham, whose popular songs and wonderful California -experiences render him a Philadelphia celebrity, has a large -plantation near Jacksonville.”</p> - -<p>It is pleasing to know, when one is far away, that he is not -entirely forgotten by his friends; but you are slightly mistaken -when you say I own a large orange plantation near Jacksonville. I -am located on the Manatee River, some eight miles above its -entrance into Tampa Bay, on the Gulf coast of South Florida, in -latitude 27½°, and below “frost line.” I visited Jacksonville -and all the towns and landings on the St. Johns, Halifax and -Matanzas Rivers, and also “did” the Suwanee pretty thoroughly -before locating in Braidentown. I prefer this part of Florida to -the Atlantic coast for the following reasons: Healthfulness of -climate, purity of water and immunity from frost and insects. My -health has improved wonderfully since my arrival in the Land of -Flowers, and I am pretty thoroughly convinced that I have obtained -a new lease of life. The sea breezes that fan my brow at morning, -noon and night, act as a tonic on my enfeebled constitution, and I -am daily gaining strength and muscle. I have to-day worked six -hours in my banana grove, with the thermometer at 90° in the shade, -without experiencing any inconvenience from the heat. The heat is -so modified by the constant sea breeze that one can work in the sun -at all hours of the day and at all seasons of the year. Sunstroke -and<a name="page_090" id="page_090"></a> hydrophobia are unknown here. This statement can be taken -<i>without</i> salt. In midsummer the nights are invariably cool. -Blankets at night are the rule, not the exception. This much about -location and climate; now, a few words about <i>that</i> orange grove.</p> - -<p>My <i>ranch</i> is new, and consequently rather crude. When I located -here in November last, a large portion of it was a “howling -wilderness.” Since that time, I have felled the trees, piled the -logs, burned the brush, grubbed and fenced fifteen acres, on ten -acres of which I am now setting out 500 two-years-old sweet -seedling orange trees, which I hope to live long enough to see bear -fruit. Some two months since, I set out 200 banana plants, and they -are doing remarkably well; many of the stalks are six feet in -height. They will bear fruit in about eighteen months. I also have -a patch of sixty pine-apple plants which will bear fruit next year. -I have a few coffee and tea plants, Japan plum and persimmon, -pomegranate, almond and olive trees that are growing luxuriantly. I -brought with me from Philadelphia, half a dozen cocoa-nuts, which I -planted on the 1st of November last, and had given up all hope of -ever seeing them sprout, when, to my great surprise, some two weeks -since, two of them threw up sprouts. They are now one foot high, -and are growing vigorously. The guava thrives admirably here. I -have several trees, and expect soon to luxuriate on guava jelly of -my own manufacture. I will send you a few sample boxes.</p> - -<p>Have you ever eaten a Florida orange, fresh plucked, that ripened -on the tree? If not, visit Florida, and enjoy the greatest luxury -of your life. It is the fruit <i>par excellence</i>—fit food for the -gods. I have, in the course of my somewhat eventful life, eaten -oranges in the groves of the Mediterranean, South America, Mexico -and the West Indies, but none can compare with the orange grown in -this State. Our soil is peculiarly adapted to the growth and -maturity of the <i>perfect<a name="page_091" id="page_091"></a></i> orange. No other soil can produce it. -The West India and Louisiana seedling orange tree is wonderfully -improved by being transplanted in Florida soil. South Florida will, -ere long, be one vast orange grove, and will supply the world with -her incomparable fruit. She will supply the Mediterranean ports -with better oranges than can possibly be raised in that country. -Won’t that be “carrying coals to Newcastle?” I may not live to see -the above prediction verified, but there are persons living at this -time who will.</p> - -<p>If any of your numerous friends think it would be a good thing to -have an orange grove, advise them to visit the Gulf coast of South -Florida before locating elsewhere. Also tell them to drop in at -Braidentown. They may go further and fare worse. The most direct -route to this place is by rail to Cedar Key, the present terminus -of railroad communication, thence by steamer down the coast. The -mail steamers leave Cedar Key twice a week for this place and -Tampa. Leave Cedar Key at 4 o’clock P. M. on Monday and Friday of -each week, and arrive at Braidentown at 7 o’clock the following -morning. <i>Au revoir.</i></p> - -<p class="r"> -<span class="smcap">S. C. Upham.</span><br /> -</p></div> - -<p>The following communication was published in the <i>Florida Agriculturist</i> -in January last, under the caption of the “<i>Climate of the Gulf Coast of -South Florida</i>.”</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p>Having kept a record of the state of the thermometer at 6 o’clock -A. M., 12 o’clock M. and 6 o’clock P. M. at Braidentown, Manatee -County, Florida, from the 1st day of January to the 31st day of -December, 1880, inclusive, I herewith inclose you a synopsis of the -same for publication in the <i>Agriculturist</i>, with the hope that it -may interest your numerous readers, especially those in the -Northern and Western States who are seeking homes in</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">The land of the orange and guava,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The pine-apple, date and cassava.<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p><a name="page_092" id="page_092"></a></p> - -<p class="nind">I also send a statement of the rainfall for the year 1880.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Temperature.</span></h3> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td>Average temperature at 6 o’clock A. M.,</td><td align="right">71<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub>°</td></tr> -<tr><td>Average temperature at 12 o’clock M.,</td><td align="right">83<sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub>°</td></tr> -<tr><td>Average temperature at 6 o’clock P. M.,</td><td align="right">78<sup>7</sup>/<sub>8</sub>°</td></tr> -<tr><td>Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., July 1st and August 26th,</td><td align="right">96° </td></tr> -<tr><td>Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., Dec. 31st,</td><td align="right">38° </td></tr> -</table> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Rainfall.</span></h3> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Rainy Days.</td><td align="center"> Clear Days. </td><td align="center">Cloudy and Partly.<br /> -Cloudy Days.</td></tr> -<tr><td>January,</td><td align="right"> 5</td><td align="right"> 19</td><td align="right"> 12</td></tr> -<tr><td>February,</td><td align="right"> 3</td><td align="right"> 24</td><td align="right"> 5</td></tr> -<tr><td>March,</td><td align="right"> 3</td><td align="right"> 24</td><td align="right"> 7</td></tr> -<tr><td>April,</td><td align="right"> 1</td><td align="right"> 29</td><td align="right"> 1</td></tr> -<tr><td>May,</td><td align="right"> 12</td><td align="right"> 4</td><td align="right"> 27</td></tr> -<tr><td>June,</td><td align="right"> 18</td><td align="right"> 8</td><td align="right"> 22</td></tr> -<tr><td>July,</td><td align="right"> 12</td><td align="right"> 6</td><td align="right"> 25</td></tr> -<tr><td>August,</td><td align="right"> 18</td><td align="right"> 8</td><td align="right"> 23</td></tr> -<tr><td>September,</td><td align="right"> 13</td><td align="right"> 15</td><td align="right"> 15</td></tr> -<tr><td>October,</td><td align="right"> 10</td><td align="right"> 19</td><td align="right"> 12</td></tr> -<tr><td>November,</td><td align="right"> 3</td><td align="right"> 15</td><td align="right"> 15</td></tr> -<tr><td>December,</td><td align="right"> 6</td><td align="right"> 17</td><td align="right"> 14</td></tr> -<tr><td>Total,</td><td align="right">104</td><td align="right">188</td><td align="right">177</td></tr> -</table> - -<p>Rainfall during year, 69½ inches.</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p>At least one-half the days classed as “cloudy and partly cloudy” -were clear one-half of the day, and a majority of the “rainy days” -were clear three-fourths of the day. During<a name="page_093" id="page_093"></a> the gale on the 29th -and 30th of last August, which was so destructive on the Atlantic -coast of the State, rain fell here almost uninterruptedly for -nearly forty-eight hours, but the wind did little or no damage. The -rainfall during the two days was six and one-half inches, the -heaviest of the season. I have resided here during the past -fourteen months, and, up to this time (January 7th, 1881), there -has been <i>no frost</i>, and my tropical fruits and plants have grown -luxuriantly every month of the year. The year just closed, in its -dying throes, kicked the mercury in the thermometer down to 38°, -and a slight frost occurred on the opposite side of the Manatee -River, and also in the hammock four or five miles south-east of -Braidentown. The water protection—being surrounded on three sides -by the aqueous fluid—has rendered Braidentown <i>exempt from frost</i>.</p> - -<p>Although the rainfall of 1880 has been some nine inches in excess -of the average rainfall in this State, I have passed one of the -most agreeable summers of my life. While the denizens of the St. -Johns and Atlantic coast are shivering in the chilling blasts of -winter, we on the Gulf coast of South Florida are basking in the -sun, with a temperature of 65° at 6 o’clock A. M., 75° at 12 -o’clock M. and 70° at 6 o’clock P. M. If any locality north of -latitude 27½° can present a more favorable record, Braidentown -will yield the palm.</p> - -<p><i>Nous verrons.</i></p> - -<p class="r"> -<span class="smcap">S. C. Upham.</span><br /> -</p> - -<p> -<span class="smcap">Sunnyside Cottage</span>,<br /> -<span class="smcap">Braidentown, Fla.</span>, Jan. 7th, 1881.</p></div> - -<p><a name="page_094" id="page_094"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">BRAIDENTOWN, SOUTH FLORIDA.</p> - -<p class="nind"><i>Editor of the Florida Agriculturist</i>:</p> - -<p>Several of your Northern and Western subscribers who read the -communication I published in the <span class="smcap">Agriculturist</span> in January last, giving a -synopsis of the climate of the Manatee region during the year 1880, and -which was reproduced in my recently published book, “Notes from -Sunland,” have requested me to publish in your journal a statement of -the thermometer, rainfall etc., in Braidentown for the year 1881. I have -furnished the desired information as briefly as possible:</p> - -<p class="c">TEMPERATURE.</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td>Average temperature at 6 o’clock A. M.,</td><td align="right">71<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub>°</td></tr> -<tr><td>Average temperature at 12 o’clock M.,</td><td align="right">83° </td></tr> -<tr><td>Average temperature at 6 o’clock P. M.,</td><td align="right">78¾°</td></tr> -<tr><td>Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., July 7th and August 4th,</td><td align="right">96° </td></tr> -<tr><td>Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock, A. M., January 26th and November 25th,</td><td align="right">44° </td></tr> -</table> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr align="center"><td> </td> - -<td>Rainfall.</td> - -<td>Days on<br /> -which<br /> -Rain<br /> -Fell.</td> - -<td>Cloudy and<br /> -Partially<br /> -Cloudy<br /> -Days.</td> - -<td>Clear Days.</td></tr> -<tr><td>January,</td><td align="center">5<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="right"> 12</td><td align="right"> 17</td><td align="right"> 14</td></tr> -<tr><td>February,</td><td align="center">2½ in.</td><td align="right"> 4</td><td align="right"> 6</td><td align="right"> 22</td></tr> -<tr><td>March,</td><td align="center">2½ in.</td><td align="right"> 5</td><td align="right"> 8</td><td align="right"> 23</td></tr> -<tr><td>April,</td><td align="center">2¼ in.</td><td align="right"> 3</td><td align="right"> 5</td><td align="right"> 25</td></tr> -<tr><td>May,</td><td align="center">2¾ in.</td><td align="right"> 5</td><td align="right"> 9</td><td align="right"> 22</td></tr> -<tr><td>June,</td><td align="center">6¼ in.</td><td align="right"> 8</td><td align="right"> 12</td><td align="right"> 18</td></tr> -<tr><td>July,</td><td align="center">4½ in.</td><td align="right"> 17</td><td align="right"> 22</td><td align="right"> 9</td></tr> -<tr><td>August,</td><td align="center">5½ in.</td><td align="right"> 11</td><td align="right"> 22</td><td align="right"> 9</td></tr> -<tr><td>September,</td><td align="center">4¾ in.</td><td align="right"> 12</td><td align="right"> 19</td><td align="right"> 12</td></tr> -<tr><td>October,</td><td align="center">1½ in.</td><td align="right"> 5</td><td align="right"> 7</td><td align="right"> 24</td></tr> -<tr><td>November,</td><td align="center">2¼ in.</td><td align="right"> 5</td><td align="right"> 11</td><td align="right"> 19</td></tr> -<tr><td>December,</td><td align="center">2¼ in.</td><td align="right"> 8</td><td align="right"> 18</td><td align="right"> 12</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center">Total,</td><td align="center"> 42<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub></td><td align="right"> 95</td><td align="right"> 156</td><td align="right">209</td></tr> -</table> - -<p><a name="page_095" id="page_095"></a></p> - -<p>When the difference of rainfall for the years 1880 and ‘81 is taken into -consideration, the equability of the temperature for the two years is a -surprising and strange coincidence, there being less than one degree -Fahrenheit in the average temperature of the two years. The rainfall for -the year 1881 was 18 inches below the average on the Gulf coast, which -is 60 inches, the difference between the years 1880 and ‘81 being 27½ -inches; that of 1880 being 9½ inches in excess of the average -rainfall. Although we had, comparatively speaking, no “rainy season” -last year, vegetation and crops have not suffered from drouth. The -vegetable gardeners hereabout were never more sanguine of large crops. -Cucumbers, squashes, and turnips have already been shipped by them to -New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and tomatoes in abundance will -follow next month. Several truckmen from Fairbanks and other places on -the Transit Railroad are this year engaged in raising early vegetables -in the hammocks bordering the Manatee.</p> - -<p>The mercury in the thermometer reached 96 degrees only twice the past -year; and the lowest point indicated was 44 degrees on the morning of -the 26th of January and 25th of November—12 degrees above the freezing -point. We had no frost during the year. My alligator pears, cherimoyas, -custard apples, sapodillas, sour sops, pine-apples, cocoanut trees, and -other tropical fruits are growing luxuriantly; and my wife’s camelia -japonicas, hibiscus, and rose bushes in the open air, are in full bloom. -In conclusion, allow me to reiterate what I said last year: “If any -locality north of latitude 27½ degrees can present a more favorable -record, Braidentown will yield the palm.”</p> - -<p class="r"> -<span class="smcap">S. C. Upham.</span><br /> -</p> - -<p><i>January 2d, 1882.</i><a name="page_096" id="page_096"></a></p> - -<h3>SYNOPSIS OF THE WEATHER RECORD AT BRAIDENTOWN FOR THE YEAR 1882.</h3> - -<p>During a three years’ residence in Braidentown, I have kept a -thermometrical record of the weather, also a register of the rainfall. A -synopsis of my observations for the years 1880 and ‘81 was published in -the <i>Florida Agriculturist</i>, in the months of January, 1881 and ‘82. In -my “Notes from Sunland,” published in the fall of 1881, I gave -meteorological tables of the temperature and rainfall at Braidentown, -commencing with the month of January, 1880, and ending with March, -1881—fifteen months. In those tables I gave the record of the -thermometer at 6 o’clock <span class="smcap">A. M.</span>, 12 o’clock <span class="smcap">M.</span>, and 6 o’clock <span class="smcap">P. M.</span> For -the information of my readers, and also of numerous correspondents at -the North and West, I publish the following summary of the temperature -and rainfall for the year 1882:</p> - -<p class="c">TEMPERATURE.</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="left">Average temperature at 6 o’clock A. M.,</td><td align="left">71°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Average temperature at 12 o’clock M.,</td><td align="left">83°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Average temperature at 6 o’clock P. M.,</td><td align="left">78°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., July 19th,</td><td align="left">96°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., December 17th,</td><td align="left">38°</td></tr> -</table> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr align="center"><td> </td> - -<td>Rainfall.</td> - -<td>Days on<br /> -which<br /> -Rain<br /> -Fell.</td> - -<td>Cloudy and<br /> -Partially<br /> -Cloudy<br /> -Days.</td> - -<td>Clear Days.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>February,</td><td align="center">1½ in.</td><td align="right"> 3 </td><td align="right"> 6 </td><td align="right"> 22</td></tr> -<tr><td>March, </td><td align="center"> <sup>5</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="right"> 4 </td><td align="right"> 10 </td><td align="right"> 21</td></tr> -<tr><td>April,</td><td align="center"> 3<sup>7</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="right"> 7 </td><td align="right"> 20 </td><td align="right"> 10</td></tr> -<tr><td>May, </td><td align="center"> 1<sup>5</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="right"> 6 </td><td align="right"> 19 </td><td align="right"> 12</td></tr> -<tr><td>June, </td><td align="center"> 7 in.</td><td align="right"> 10 </td><td align="right"> 23 </td><td align="right"> 7</td></tr> -<tr><td>July, </td><td align="center"> 7¼ in.</td><td align="right"> 20 </td><td align="right"> 22 </td><td align="right"> 9</td></tr> -<tr><td>August, </td><td align="center"> 7½ in.</td><td align="right"> 15 </td><td align="right"> 15 </td><td align="right"> 16</td></tr> -<tr><td>September, </td><td align="center"> 2<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="right"> 9 </td><td align="right"> 13 </td><td align="right"> 17</td></tr> -<tr><td>October, </td><td align="center"> 3<sup>5</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="right"> 9 </td><td align="right"> 11 </td><td align="right"> 20</td></tr> -<tr><td>November, </td><td align="center"> 1½ in.</td><td align="right"> 5 </td><td align="right"> 11 </td><td align="right"> 19</td></tr> -<tr><td>December, </td><td align="center"> 4¼ in.</td><td align="right"> 8 </td><td align="right"> 12 </td><td align="right"> 19</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center">Total,</td><td align="center"> 43½ </td><td align="right"> 101 </td><td align="right"> 171 </td><td align="right"> 194</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p>Although the difference in the rainfall between the year 1880 and the -years 1881 and ‘82, was 27½ inches in the former and 26½ inches in -the latter year, there was not a change of one degree Fahrenheit in the -mean temperature of the three years, which indicates a remarkable -equability of temperature. From the above it would seem that the -temperature is not governed by the rainfall. In 1880, rain fell on 104 -days; in 1881, on 95 days, and on 101 days in 1882.</p> - -<p>In 1880 there were 177 cloudy and partially cloudy days; 156 in 1881, -and 171 in 1882. In 1880 there were 188 clear days; 209 in ‘81, and 194 -in ‘82. The days on which rain fell were seldom rainy days, in the -common acceptation of the term. Showers from one-half to one hour’s -duration were the rule, and an occasional rainy day the exception.</p> - -<p>The highest temperature recorded during the three years<a name="page_098" id="page_098"></a> was 96° at 12 -o’clock <span class="smcap">M.</span>, on the 1st of July and 26th of August, 1880; July 7th and -August 4th, 1881, and on July 19th, 1882. The lowest temperature during -the three years, was 38° at 6 o’clock <span class="smcap">A. M.</span>, on December 31st, 1880; 44° -on January 26th and November 25th, 1881, and 38° on December 17th, 1882. -Braidentown being surrounded on three sides by water, has, during the -past three years, escaped damage by frost, although we do not claim to -be below the mythical “frost line.” The hammocks on the opposite side of -the Manatee River, and on Orange and Bee Ridges, south of Braidentown, -have been visited by frost, and vegetation and tropical fruits have been -injured.</p> - -<p>From the ravages of hurricanes, tornadoes, and cyclones which -occasionally visit the Atlantic coast, and sweep across the northern and -extreme southern portions of our State, we are comparatively free. That -portion of the Gulf coast of South Florida, lying between Clear Water -and Charlotte Harbor, has, for some unexplained reason—probably the -piety of its inhabitants—been exempt from hurricanes and tornadoes -during the past forty years. I do not believe that the Manatee region is -fully entitled to the appellation of Paradise; but I do believe that our -citizens are as near that beatific place as they ever will be while in -the flesh. If any one knows of a more desirable location on earth, or in -the waters under the earth, I shall be pleased to record the fact.</p> - -<p class="r"> -<span class="smcap">S. C. Upham.</span><br /> -</p> - -<p><i>January 3d, 1883.</i><a name="page_099" id="page_099"></a></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="r"> -<span class="smcap">Sunnyside Cottage,<br /> -Braidentown, Fla.</span>, <i>Feb. 5th, 1881</i>.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="nind"> -<span class="smcap">D. H. Elliott, Esq.</span>,<br /> - Sec. “<i>Florida Fruit Growers’ Association</i>,”<br /> - <span class="smcap">Jacksonville, Fla.</span>,<br /> -</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>: In the Report of the Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting -of the “Florida Fruit Growers’ Association,” held in Jacksonville on the -27 ult., and published in the <i>Daily Union</i> of that city on the -following morning, the annexed resolution was published, with the name -of your humble servant appended as one of the committee:</p> - -<p>“<i>Resolved</i>, That a committee he appointed to investigate the effects of -the late freeze on the orange and other fruits and vegetables; said -committee to report to the secretary at Jacksonville at the earliest -practicable moment.”</p> - -<p>Having received no official notice of my appointment to serve on the -aforesaid committee, I have resolved myself into a committee of one, and -have the honor to respectfully report as follows:</p> - -<p>The old and trite aphorism—“If the mountain will not come to Mahomet, -Mahomet must go to the mountain”—seems peculiarly applicable to the -above resolution. Ergo, if the orange and other fruits of the citrus -family will not thrive ’mid frost and ice, cultivate them in a more -genial climate. With the experience of last fall and the present winter -before me, together with a careful investigation of the climatology of -Florida during the past fifty years, I have come to the conclusion that -the fruits comprising the citrus family cannot be <i>successfully</i> -cultivated in this State north of the 28th parallel of latitude, and the -sooner and more widely this fact is promulgated, the better it will be -for all persons interested or about to become interested in this -laudable and growing industry. The fact that the late freeze killed the<a name="page_100" id="page_100"></a> -scale insects on the orange trees in middle and north Florida, is <i>cold</i> -comfort for those engaged in orange culture. There are fruits better -adapted to the climate of Florida north of latitude 28° than the orange, -lemon, lime, guava, banana and pine-apple. Why, then, persist in -endeavoring to cultivate those fruits with so dim a prospect of success? -It is kicking against the pricks, hoping against hope. In conclusion, -plant your orange, lemon, lime and banana groves below the 28th parallel -of latitude, tickle the soil constantly with the hoe, and success will -crown your efforts. So mote it be.</p> - -<p class="r"> -<span class="smcap">S. C. Upham.</span><br /> -</p> -</div> - -<p><a name="page_101" id="page_101"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of January, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind -and Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td> 65 </td><td> 80 </td><td> 76 </td><td> E. </td><td> 1/8 in. </td><td>Cloudy A. M., clear P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td> 64 </td><td> 78 </td><td> 76 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td>Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td> 68 </td><td> 82 </td><td> 74 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td>A. M. clear, P. M. cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td> 64 </td><td> 80 </td><td> 77 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td>Clear with strong E. wind.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td> 66 </td><td> 80 </td><td> 74 </td><td>S. E.</td><td> —— </td><td>Clear A. M., cloudy P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td> 64 </td><td> 80 </td><td> 74 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td>Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td> 62 </td><td> 80 </td><td> 72 </td><td>N. W.</td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td> 62 </td><td> 78 </td><td> 70 </td><td> W. </td><td> —— </td><td>Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td> 62 </td><td> 82 </td><td> 72 </td><td> W. </td><td> —— </td><td>Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td> 61 </td><td> 84 </td><td> 75 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td> 62 </td><td> 82 </td><td> 72 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td> 62 </td><td> 82 </td><td> 74 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td> 64 </td><td> 74 </td><td> 70 </td><td>N. E.</td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td> 58 </td><td> 78 </td><td> 73 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td> 58 </td><td> 78 </td><td> 72 </td><td> S. </td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td> 55 </td><td> 86 </td><td> 68 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td> 58 </td><td> 78 </td><td> 72 </td><td> W. </td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td> 55 </td><td> 76 </td><td> 66 </td><td>N. W.</td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td> 52 </td><td> 74 </td><td> 70 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td> 53 </td><td> 78 </td><td> 68 </td><td>S. W.</td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td> 56 </td><td> 78 </td><td> 70 </td><td> S. </td><td> —— </td><td>Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td> 64 </td><td> 76 </td><td> 72 </td><td> S. </td><td> 2 in. </td><td>Rain A. M., clear P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td> 65 </td><td> 82 </td><td> 56 </td><td> W. </td><td> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in. </td><td> “ “ “ “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td> 54 </td><td> 58 </td><td> 58 </td><td>N. W.</td><td> <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> in. </td><td>Clear A. M., rain P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td> 58 </td><td> 73 </td><td> 70 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td>Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td> 71 </td><td> 78 </td><td> 70 </td><td>S. W.</td><td> ½ in. </td><td>Rain A. M., clear P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td> 64 </td><td> 68 </td><td> 62 </td><td> W. </td><td> —— </td><td>Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td> 58 </td><td> 66 </td><td> 63 </td><td>N. W.</td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td> 58 </td><td> 80 </td><td> 72 </td><td> E. </td><td> —— </td><td>Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td> 63 </td><td> 86 </td><td> 70 </td><td>S. E.</td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td> 62 </td><td> 80 </td><td> 70 </td><td> W. </td><td> —— </td><td> Clear.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td> 1,788 </td><td> 2,315 </td><td> 2,168 </td><td> — </td><td>3½ in.</td><td></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td> 57<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></td><td> 74¾</td><td> 70 </td><td> — </td><td> — </td><td></td></tr> - -<tr><td colspan="6" align="left">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., 19th inst </td><td>52°</td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="6" align="left">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 16th and 30th insts </td><td>86°</td></tr> -</table> - -<p><a name="page_102" id="page_102"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of February, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind -and Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in. </td><td align="center">Rain at night. Strong wind</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right"></td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> all day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Wind has blown a gale all day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 46 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear A. M., cloudy P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 56 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in. </td><td align="center">Rain during night, clear all day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 55 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 57 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear. Wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> 1 in. </td><td align="center">Rain during night, cloudy all day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 49 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 53 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 56 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 1,744 </td><td align="center"> 2,303 </td><td align="center"> 2,034 </td><td align="center"> — </td><td align="center">1¼ in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 60<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub></td><td align="center"> 79½</td><td align="center">70<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> </td><td align="center"> — </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td> </td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., 4th inst </td><td align="center"> 46°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 27th inst </td><td align="center"> 88°</td></tr> -</table> - -<p><a name="page_103" id="page_103"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of March, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and -Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in. </td><td align="center">Rain during night, cloudy all day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain during night, cloudy all day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain A. M., cloudy P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 2,093 </td><td align="center"> 2,530 </td><td align="center"> 2,359 </td><td align="center"> — </td><td align="center"> ¼ in. </td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 67½</td><td align="center">81¾ </td><td align="center">76<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> </td><td align="center"> — </td><td align="center"> — </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., 31st inst </td><td align="center"> 52°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 12th, 13th and 14th insts </td><td align="center"> 86°</td></tr> - -</table> -<p><a name="page_104" id="page_104"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of April, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and -Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in. </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain<br /> in the evening.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> —— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 2,065 </td><td align="center"> 2,497 </td><td align="center"> 2,351 </td><td align="center"> — </td><td align="center"> ¼ in. </td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 68<sup>5</sup>/<sub>6</sub></td><td align="center">83¼ </td><td align="center"> 78<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></td><td align="center"> — </td><td align="center"> — </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., 13th inst </td><td align="center"> 58°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 14th, 28th and 30th insts </td><td align="center"> 88°</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="page_105" id="page_105"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of May, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and -Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in. </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center"> Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> 1 in. </td><td align="center">Rain during P.M. and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center">2¼ in.</td><td align="center"> Rain during P.M. and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Partly cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> 1 in. </td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">1½ in.</td><td align="center"> Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center"> Cloudy,</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Cloudy; wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center"> Cloudy; wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center"> Cloudy,</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in. </td><td align="center">Rain during P.M. and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 1 in. </td><td align="center">Rain during P.M. and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 2 in. </td><td align="center"> Rain during the day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 1 in. </td><td align="center"> Rain during the day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in. </td><td align="center"> Rain during the day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in. </td><td align="center"> Rain during the day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Partly cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center"> Partly cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in. </td><td align="center">Rain during night, day clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 95 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 2,319 </td><td align="center"> 2,657 </td><td align="center"> 2,523 </td><td align="center">—</td><td align="center">11¾ in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center">74¾ </td><td align="center">85¾ </td><td align="center">81<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> </td><td align="center">—</td><td align="center">—— </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., 2d, 3d, 13th and 16th insts </td><td align="center"> 72°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 30th inst </td><td align="center"> 95° </td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="page_106" id="page_106"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of June, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and -Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 96 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">1¾ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Scotch mist in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain during P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center"> Rain during P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> in.</td><td align="center"> Rain during P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy: rain in the evening.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">1½ in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy: rain in the evening.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 94 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Scotch mist in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the evening.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center"> Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center"> Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy and misty.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain at noon.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 2,593 </td><td align="center"> 2,778 </td><td align="center"> 2,683 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">7¼ in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 83¾</td><td align="center"> 89½</td><td align="center"> 86¾</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A.M., 26th, 27th, 28th and 31st insts.</td><td align="center"> 80°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 1st inst. </td><td align="center">96°</td></tr> -</table> - -<p><a name="page_107" id="page_107"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of July, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and -Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 96 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">1¾ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Scotch mist in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain during P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain during P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy: rain in the evening.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">1½ in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy: rain in the evening.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 94 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Scotch mist in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the evening.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy and misty.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain at noon.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 2,593 </td><td align="center"> 2,778 </td><td align="center"> 2,683 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">7¼ in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 83¾</td><td align="center"> 89½</td><td align="center"> 86¾</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A.M., 26th, 27th, 28th and 31st insts. </td><td align="center">80°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 1st inst. </td><td align="center">96°</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="page_108" id="page_108"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of August, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and -Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Rain during night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">1¼ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during day and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">1½ in.</td><td align="center"> Rain during forenoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center"> Rain during afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Rain during afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 94 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 94 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center"> Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 95 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 2 in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, rain in the P.M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 89 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy, rain in the P.M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 96 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy, rain in the P.M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain in the P.M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 95 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain in the P.M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 96 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain in the P.M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 94 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 95 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center">3½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain, wind blowing gale day and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> 3 in.</td><td align="center">Rain, wind blowing gale day and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain during the forenoon.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 2,520 </td><td align="center"> 2,814 </td><td align="center"> 2,642 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> 17 in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 93¾</td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A.M., 4th, 5th, 6th, 19th and 30th insts. </td><td align="center">78°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 23d and 26th insts. </td><td align="center">96°</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="page_109" id="page_109"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of September, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind -and Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 82</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain in P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 78</td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center"> Cloudy, with rain in P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 81</td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain in P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 88</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 87</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear A. M., cloudy P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 87</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 85</td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 84</td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 86</td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 94 </td><td align="center"> 87</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center"> Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 88</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 94 </td><td align="center"> 87</td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 90</td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Clear day, rain during night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 88</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 91 </td><td align="center"> 83</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Clear day, rain during night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 78</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 88</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 81</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with strong wind.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 81</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Clear A. M., rain P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 84</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 88</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center"> Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 87</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 94 </td><td align="center"> 89</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 94 </td><td align="center"> 90</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 85</td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 87</td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during early part of night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 86</td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the morning.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 86</td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 84</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 87</td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 2,377 </td><td align="center"> 2,702 </td><td align="center"> 2,562 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">7<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 79¼</td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A.M., 30th inst. </td><td align="center"> 70°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 10th, 12th, 23d and 24th insts. </td><td align="center"> 94°</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="page_110" id="page_110"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of October, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind -and Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 92 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center"> Cloudy, with rain.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 3 in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with heavy rain.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> 2 in.</td><td align="center">Clear A. M., rain P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 93 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the morning.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center"> Rain during the night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center"> Rain in the morning.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center">1¾ in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with heavy rain.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center"> Cloudy, with rain.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 2,245 </td><td align="center"> 2,625 </td><td align="center"> 2,502 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">9<sup>3</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 72½</td><td align="center"> 84¾</td><td align="center"> 80¾</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., 25th inst. </td><td align="center"> 60°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 14th inst. </td><td align="center"> 93°</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="page_111" id="page_111"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of November, 1880, with Remarks, in relation to Wind -and Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy A. M., Clear P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear A. M., Cloudy P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during the night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> N. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> “</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 90 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Clear day, rain at night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 50 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the forenoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear A. M., Cloudy P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear A. M., Cloudy P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy and foggy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 86 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 2,081 </td><td align="center"> 2,412 </td><td align="center"> 2,321 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">1¼ in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 69<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></td><td align="center"> 80<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></td><td align="center"> 77<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A.M., 16th inst. </td><td align="center"> 50°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest “ 12 “ M., 9th inst. </td><td align="center"> 90°</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="page_112" id="page_112"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of December, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind -and Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 56 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 45 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 45 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 50 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 50 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain morning and afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 55 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 42 </td><td align="center"> 56 </td><td align="center"> 54 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 46 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 43 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 54 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 40 </td><td align="center"> 51 </td><td align="center"> 45 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td align="center"> 38 </td><td align="center"> 50 </td><td align="center"> 53 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Drizzling rain. Coldest day of the year.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 1,788 </td><td align="center"> 2,237 </td><td align="center"> 2,117 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">2¾ in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 57¾</td><td align="center"> 74<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></td><td align="center"> 68¼</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., 31st inst. </td><td align="center"> 38°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 2d inst. </td><td align="center"> 84°</td></tr> -</table> - -<p><a name="page_113" id="page_113"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of January, 1881, with Remarks in relation to Wind -and Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 54 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center">1½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 50 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 46 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Rain nearly all day.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Rain morning and afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> ½ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Rain during the night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center"> Rain during afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 54 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 48 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 87 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear A. M., cloudy P. M.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 57 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Rain P. M. and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 53 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 56 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center"> Rain P. M. and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 55 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 44 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 48 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 54 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 56 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td align="center"> 55 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 1,861 </td><td align="center"> 2,293 </td><td align="center"> 2,132 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">5<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 68¾</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., 26th inst. </td><td align="center"> 44°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest “ 12 “ M., 17th and 19th insts. </td><td align="center"> 83°</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="page_114" id="page_114"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of February, 1881, with Remarks in relation to Wind -and Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 56 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 54 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 50 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear, wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear, wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear, wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> <sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub> in.</td><td align="center">Rain in the afternoon.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 48 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 85 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 84 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> 2 in.</td><td align="center">Rain, with wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> W. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear, with wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 1,712 </td><td align="center"> 2,054 </td><td align="center"> 1,970 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">2½ in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 61<sup>7</sup>/<sub>8</sub></td><td align="center"> 73½</td><td align="center"> 70½</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock A. M., 14th inst.</td><td align="center"> 48°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 18th inst.</td><td align="center"> 85°</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="page_115" id="page_115"></a></p> - -<p class="cb">METEOROLOGICAL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang"><i>Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, -for the month of March, 1881, with Remarks in relation to Wind and -Weather.</i></p></div> - -<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="text-align:center;"> -<tr align="center"><td>Date.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - A. M.</td> -<td> 12<br /> -o’clock<br /> - M.</td> -<td> 6<br /> -o’clock<br /> - P. M.</td> -<td>Wind<br /> - at<br /> - M. -</td> -<td>Rainfall.</td> -<td> Remarks.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="right">1 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 61 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.ear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">2 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">3 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">5 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">7 </td><td align="center"> 53 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> E. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">8 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center">1¼ in.</td><td align="center">Rain P. M. and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">9 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">10 </td><td align="center"> 57 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">11 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">12 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 81 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">13 </td><td align="center"> 73 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Cloudy, with Scotch mist.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">14 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 77 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">15 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 88 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">16 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center"> 83 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> S. </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">17 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 80 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">18 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 82 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">19 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 79 </td><td align="center"> 76 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> 1 in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, rain P.M. and night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">20 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">21 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 67 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> ¼ in.</td><td align="center">Cloudy, with rain at night.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">22 </td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 61 </td><td align="center">N. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear, wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">23 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center"> 58 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">24 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">25 </td><td align="center"> 56 </td><td align="center"> 74 </td><td align="center"> 66 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">26 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center"> 69 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Cloudy.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">27 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 72 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">28 </td><td align="center"> 52 </td><td align="center"> 78 </td><td align="center"> 71 </td><td align="center">S. E.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> “Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">29 </td><td align="center"> 57 </td><td align="center"> 75 </td><td align="center"> 70 </td><td align="center">S. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">30 </td><td align="center"> 59 </td><td align="center"> 65 </td><td align="center"> 64 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">Clear, wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="right">31 </td><td align="center"> 60 </td><td align="center"> 68 </td><td align="center"> 63 </td><td align="center">N. W.</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> Clear, wind blowing a gale.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sums,</td><td align="center"> 1,914 </td><td align="center"> 2,315 </td><td align="center"> 2,143 </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">2½ in.</td><td align="center"></td></tr> -<tr><td>Av’ge</td><td align="center"> 62 </td><td align="center"> 74¾</td><td align="center"> 69½</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Lowest temperature at 6 o’clock, A. M., 11th, 23d and 28th insts. </td><td align="center"> 52°</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" colspan="6">Highest temperature at 12 o’clock M., 15th inst. </td><td align="center"> 88°</td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><a name="transcrib" id="transcrib"></a></p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="padding:2%;border:3px dotted gray;"> -<tr><th align="center">Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:</th></tr> -<tr><td align="center">was <span class="errata">know</span> first=> was known first {pg 65}</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center"><span class="errata">Heathfulness</span> of climate=> Healthfulness of climate {pg 89}</td></tr> -</table> - -<hr class="full" /> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Florida: Past and present, by Samuel Curtis Upham - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORIDA: PAST AND PRESENT *** - -***** This file should be named 44189-h.htm or 44189-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/1/8/44189/ - -Produced by Ann Jury, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Florida: Past and present - together with notes from Sunland, on the Manatee River, - Gulf Coast of South Florida - -Author: Samuel Curtis Upham - -Release Date: November 15, 2013 [EBook #44189] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORIDA: PAST AND PRESENT *** - - - - -Produced by Ann Jury, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - -Every attempt has been made to replicate the original as printed. -Some typographical errors have been corrected; a list follows the text. - - - - -[Illustration: - -FLORIDA: - -PAST AND PRESENT, - -TOGETHER WITH NOTES FROM - -SUNLAND, - -ON THE - -MANATEE RIVER, GULF COAST OF SOUTH -FLORIDA: - -_ITS CLIMATE, SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS_. - -THE LAND OF THE ORANGE AND GUAVA, -THE PINE-APPLE, DATE AND CASSAVA. - -By SAMUEL C. UPHAM. - -ILLUSTRATED. - -JACKSONVILLE, FLA.: -ASHMEAD BROTHERS. -1883. -] - -[Illustration: PART OF THE GULF COAST OF FLORIDA.] - - - - -FLORIDA: - -PAST AND PRESENT, - -TOGETHER WITH NOTES FROM - -SUNLAND, - -ON THE - -MANATEE RIVER, GULF COAST - -OF - -SOUTH FLORIDA: - -_ITS CLIMATE, SOIL, AND PRODUCTIONS_. - -The Land of the Orange and Guava, -The Pine-Apple, Date, and Cassava. - -BY SAMUEL C. UPHAM. - -ILLUSTRATED. - -JACKSONVILLE, FLA.: -ASHMEAD BROTHERS, -1883. - -Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, -By SAMUEL C. UPHAM, -in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. - - -To - - MARION FOSTER, } - SAMUEL ZENAS, AND } UPHAM, - CHARLES HENRY } - - THREE LIVING LINKS IN THE CHAIN THAT BINDS ME TO LIFE, THIS - BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY - THEIR FATHER, - - THE AUTHOR. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Two or three letters written by myself to friends at the North having -found their way into print, I have been literally flooded with letters -during the past six months, from all sections of the Union and British -Provinces, asking for information in relation to the Manatee region of -Florida. Hundreds have been replied to, and many remain unanswered for -want of time. This little book has been written with the belief that it -will answer the requirements of my numerous correspondents, and also -prove a welcome guest to others who desire reliable information -concerning this portion of the Gulf coast of South Florida. With these -brief remarks I cast my little waif upon the tide of public opinion, -with the hope that favorable breezes will waft it into the hands of -those who will be benefited by its perusal. - -SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE, -_Braidentown, Florida, April 1, 1881_. - - - - -PREFACE - -TO THE ENLARGED EDITION. - - -When I published the little _brochure_--"Notes from Sunland"--two years -ago, the Gulf Coast of South Florida was, comparatively speaking, a -_terra incognita_. The favor with which that work has been -received--having passed through three editions--and at the request of -numerous correspondents in the United States, Canada, and Continental -Europe, I have concluded to enlarge the work and make it more general in -its scope--the former work being confined exclusively to the Manatee -region. In reply to the question from different sections of the Union: -"Are you as well pleased with the Manatee region as when you wrote -'Notes from Sunland'?" I reply, emphatically, "Yes!" The longer I live -here the more thoroughly I am convinced that it is the Sanitarium of the -world. In addition to twenty-five pages of letter-press, I have added -an additional illustration and a map of the Gulf coast of South Florida. -I have placed the publication of the book in the hands of those -well-known and reliable publishers, the Ashmead Brothers, of -Jacksonville, Fla., who will supply the book to the trade and also -furnish it to the public. With many thanks for the patronage bestowed -upon my former book, I trust the present will be found equally -acceptable. - -SAMUEL C. UPHAM. - -_Braidentown, Fla., August, 1883._ - - - - -CHAPTER I. - - INDIANS AND ALLIGATORS--DADE'S MASSACRE--PONCE DE LEON AND THE - "FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH"--DE SOTO AND "EL DORADO"--FLORIDA EXCHANGED FOR - CUBA--PENSACOLA CAPTURED BY GENERAL JACKSON--FLORIDA PURCHASED BY - THE UNITED STATES--SECEDES FROM THE UNION--RECONSTRUCTED. - - -Thirty years ago the word Florida was synonymous with mosquitoes, -alligators, snakes, and Indians. As a part of this Union, it was at that -time considered financially a worthless sand-spit, which had cost our -Government fifty million dollars and many lives in the almost fruitless -effort to rescue it from the hands of the wily Creeks and Seminoles, who -occupied the middle and southern portions of the State. From the date of -Dade's massacre by Osceola's band near Brooksville, in December, 1835, -which sent a thrill of horror throughout the length and breadth of our -land, to the surrender of Billy Bowlegs in 1858, a period of nearly -twenty-five years, war was waged by our Government under the leadership -of Generals Worth, Scott, Harney, Taylor, and their subordinates, with -the result above stated. - -In order to fully understand and appreciate the present condition of -Florida, some little knowledge of her history is indispensable; for -without such knowledge, the sparseness of the present population of the -State is inexplicable, when taken in connection with its genial climate, -its natural fertility, and the immense scope of its possible -agricultural production. "If Florida possesses so great a variety and -power of vegetable growth, and such a desirable climate, why is it not -more densely populated?" is a question answered only by a glance at her -past history. - -The honor due to the first discovery of the land which now constitutes -the southern extremity of the United States is generally awarded to that -famous and eccentric old Spanish adventurer, Juan Ponce de Leon. -Nevertheless, the validity of his claim to that honor is liable to some -dispute. Several authorities of very good credit maintain that Sebastian -Cabot, in the year 1497, traced the whole line of the American coast as -far southward as 36 deg. 9' north latitude; and Peter Martyr avers that he -sailed to the west of the meridian of Cuba. From this account it does -not appear that Cabot proceeded further southward than the mouth of the -Chesapeake Bay, the latitude of which corresponds nearly with that of -the Straits of Gibraltar, and the longitude with that of the eastern -extremity of Cuba. It can scarcely be doubted that Ponce de Leon was the -first European who landed on any part of that ground which is now -occupied by the Southern States of our Republic. The purpose for which -he visited this country has exposed his memory to no little ridicule; -but his childish delusion is entitled to more indulgence and respect -than the sordid and hypocritical motives which induced so many of his -countrymen to become explorers and crusaders in America. Juan Ponce, for -the purpose of discovering the location of the "Fountain of Youth," set -sail from Porto Rico, on the 3d day of March, 1512. After a short voyage -he came to a country covered with flowers and verdure, and as the day of -his discovery happened to be Palm Sunday, called by the Spaniards -_Pasqua Florida_, he bestowed the name of Florida on the country in -commemoration of this circumstance. Thus the first European discovery of -Florida took place on the second day of April, 1512. - -The next visit to Florida by Europeans was made in the year 1520, by -Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon, who kidnapped one hundred and thirty Indians -and sailed for San Domingo, where he sold them as slaves. In the year -1524, Giovanni da Verazzano, a Florentine sea-captain in the service of -the French Government, coasted from Florida as high as Cape Breton. - -On the 17th day of June, 1527, Pamphilo de Narvaez left Spain with five -ships and six hundred men, being authorized by the Spanish Government -to explore and take possession of "all the lands between Rio de las -Palmas and Cape Florida." The fleet was much damaged by a hurricane, and -was obliged to remain at Cuba for more than six months to be refitted. -In February, 1528, Pamphilo again embarked; and after a short and -prosperous voyage, landed his army at the bay of Santa Cruz, Florida. -Having formally taken possession of the country, and proved that he was -in earnest by pillaging some of the villages, Pamphilo began to -interrogate the natives respecting the precise locality of that immense -deposit of gold which he expected to find in Florida. In their answers -to these inquiries, the Indians, wishing to hasten the departure of -their unwelcome guests, directed the gold-hunters to a distant region -called Apalacha, assuring them that the shining metal could there be -obtained in the greatest abundance. After a wearisome march, the -Spaniards reached the designated place on the 26th day of June. The -ungrateful behavior of the Spaniards soon provoked the hostility of the -natives, and before they had an opportunity to make any mineralogical -researches Pamphilo was compelled to retreat. While endeavoring to make -his escape to the seashore, he was closely pursued by the natives, who -killed two hundred of his men--about one-third of the whole number. - -The whole country being aroused, Pamphilo found it impossible to return -to his ships, which were probably destroyed by the Indians. The -Spaniards, therefore, took the shortest route to the coast, and came to -the bay now known as St. Marks. The Apalachian Indians being satisfied -with driving the intruders from their territory, abandoned the pursuit -when that object was gained. They arrived at St. Marks in a starving -condition, their only food being horse-flesh. All their ingenuity was -now employed to effect some means of escape from the country. They -erected a forge on the beach, and, with great toil and difficulty, -converted their swords, lance-heads, stirrups, and bridle-bits into -nails, saws, and hatchets. Having thus provided themselves with the -proper instruments, they felled trees, shaped the timber, and finally -constructed several very inelegant specimens of marine architecture. In -the meanwhile all their horses were consumed for food; and when they -embarked in their rude batteaux, their thin, ghastly, Tanner-like -appearance might have reminded a spectator of that shadowy boat-load of -"magnanimous heroes" so graphically described by Virgil in the Sixth -Book of his celebrated Epic. All the boats were subsequently wrecked -near the mouth of the Mississippi, and all on board perished, except -Cabeca de Vaca, the treasurer of the expedition, and four common -soldiers. The survivors, after enduring many toils and sufferings, -finally reached Spain in August, 1537. - -In the latter part of May, 1539, Hernando de Soto landed his troops on -the eastern shore of Hillsborough Bay, above the mouth of the Little -Manatee River, and commenced his toilsome overland march, which ended in -his death and burial in the Mississippi River, on the 5th day of June, -1542, three years and one month afterward. In 1562 it is probable that a -temporary settlement was formed near the mouth of the St. Johns River by -Ribault, a Frenchman. - -In 1564, under the protection of Admiral Coligny, a settlement of -Huguenots was formed under the leadership of Lardonierre, on the south -bank of the St. Johns, about six leagues from its mouth. This settlement -was called Caroline, and was completely destroyed by the Spaniards under -Menendez in 1565, who massacred all that escaped death in the fight, -"not as Frenchmen, but as heretics." This murderous act was fully -avenged by a Frenchman--De Gourges--who, in 1659, led an expedition -especially against Fort Caroline, and massacred the Spanish garrison, -"not as Spaniards, but as cut-throats and murderers." In 1565 the same -Menendez founded a Spanish colony at St. Augustine, _thus establishing -the first European town on the continent of America_. - -In 1584, as the result of various expeditions, the area of Spanish -occupation and conquest had become so extended that the authority of -Spain was acknowledged by the natives, not only throughout Florida, but -as far west as the Mississippi and as far north as the mountains of -Georgia. - -In 1586, St. Augustine was attacked and plundered by a party of English -adventurers under Sir Francis Drake. In 1611, it was pillaged by the -Indians, and in 1665 was sacked by another party of English pirates, led -by the freebooter, Davis. - -In 1689, Pensacola was settled by the Spanish. - -In 1702, St. Augustine was unsuccessfully attacked by Governor Moore, of -the English colony of South Carolina. In 1725, Colonel Palmer, of -Georgia, also failed in an effort to capture the city, and in 1740, -General Oglethorpe, of Georgia, was signally repulsed in a similar -undertaking. - -In 1763, the whole territory of Florida was ceded by Spain to Great -Britain in exchange for Cuba; but the entire population of the territory -at that time did not exceed six hundred. - -In 1767, Dr. Trumbull, an English colonist, located at New Smyrna, -"imported fifteen hundred Corsicans and Minorcans, having deluded them -by unstinted promises of land and employment at high wages, and then -subjected them to a system of oppression, similar and scarce less -severe than slavery, till after a lapse of some ten years they escaped -in a body from his servitude and betook themselves to St. Augustine, -where they settled down, and ultimately became a prominent and valuable -element of the population of that section." - -In 1781, the Spanish captured Pensacola, and the English again lost -possession of Florida. In 1784, the territory was once more formally -ceded to Spain. In 1812, Fernandina capitulated to the troops of the -United States, but was, during the following year, re-delivered to the -Spanish Government. - -In 1814, the English forces, under the command of Colonel Nichols, -entered and manned the forts of Pensacola, although the whole territory -was nominally under the control of Spain; and in 1818, General Jackson -attacked and captured Pensacola in behalf of the United States. - -In 1819, Florida was purchased by the United States, and was formally -ceded by Spain. In 1822, a territorial government was established; in -1845, Florida was admitted into the Union, and in January, 1861, she -seceded. - -In the language of the talented and lamented J. S. Adams: "What a -picture does this brief abstract of the leading features in the history -of Florida present! Discovered by Ponce de Leon in 1512; permanently -settled in 1565; ceded to Great Britain in 1763, with a population of -only six hundred, after a colonial existence of two hundred years; -re-ceded to Spain in 1784; sold and ceded to the United States in 1819; -receiving a territorial government in 1822; admitted to the Union in -1845; seceding in 1861; and reconstructed in 1868; sacked and pillaged -repeatedly by Europeans; shifting its nationality from time to time, and -losing almost its entire population by each change; harassed and -plundered by repeated Indian wars from 1816 to 1858, and just as -prosperity began to dawn, plunged unnecessarily into the useless -slaughter of a hopeless rebellion, she has suffered every evil, -political and social, that does not involve absolute extinction. Is it, -then, a matter of surprise that Florida is so sparsely populated?" - - - - -CHAPTER II. - - GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND BOUNDARIES OF FLORIDA--AREA AND - POPULATION--INDIANS IN FLORIDA--CLIMATE, SOIL, AND PRODUCTIONS--THE - RAINY SEASON--FLORIDA AS A HEALTH RESORT--CLASSIFICATION OF - LANDS--SCHOOL SYSTEM AND CHURCHES--SWAMP LANDS SOLD TO - DISSTON--RELIGION IN FLORIDA. - - -Florida lies between the degrees of twenty-five and thirty-one north -latitude, and eighty to eighty-eight west longitude from Greenwich. The -northern boundary being nearly three hundred and fifty miles from east -to west, and its length from north to south, nearly four hundred miles. -It is in the same latitude as Central Arabia, Northern Hindostan, the -Desert of Sahara, the northern portion of Burmah, the southern part of -China and Northern Mexico. The average width of the peninsula is about -eighty miles, and every part is fanned by either the Trade or Gulf -winds, rendering the air delightfully pleasant in midsummer. The most -marked geographical feature of the State is the enormous extent of -coastline--the Atlantic and Gulf exceeding eleven hundred miles, with -numerous large bays, offering great facilities for commercial -intercourse. The northern part of the State is hilly and rolling. -Midway of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, an elevated ridge extends -through Middle and South Florida to Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades, -gradually sloping to the Atlantic Ocean on the east and to the waters of -the Gulf of Mexico on the west. The elevated lands are mostly pine, -interspersed with black-jack, post, and water-oak. At the base and along -the water courses, are rich hammock lands bordered with flat and rolling -prairie, with the everlasting scrub palmetto everywhere. The southern -portion of the State is at this time a vast cattle range, embracing -thousands of acres on which a surveyor's chain has never fallen. - -In 1860, the population of Florida was 140,000; in 1880, it was 267,000, -and at this time, it is probably in round numbers 300,000. When the vast -area of the State, sixty thousand square miles, comprising nearly -thirty-eight million acres of land, is taken into consideration, it will -be seen that we are not badly crowded. The sale by Governor Bloxham of -four million acres of "swamp land" to the Disston and Anglo-German -syndicates is a mere bagatelle. - -The county in which I reside--Manatee--is nearly as large as the -combined States of Connecticut and Rhode Island. It is truly a county of -"magnificent distances," the county seat, Pine Level, being forty miles -south of the villages of Braidentown and Manatee, on its northern -border. "No pent-up Utica contracts our powers." We do things on a large -scale. We raise the most luscious oranges, the largest watermelons, and -the most appetizing pineapples and bananas on the face of the earth; and -I do not think I elongate the truth when I say, that in point of size -our alligators, mosquitoes, and grasshoppers will compare favorably with -those of any other country. Our frogs are also as sprightly as Mark -Twain's "jumping frog of the Calaveras." Our cucumbers, tomatoes, -snap-beans, squashes, and cabbages reach the cities of the North and -West three months in advance of any other State of the Union. - -If there is one thing above all others of which we feel justly proud, it -is our superb climate. The "glorious climate of California," and the -sunny clime and golden skies of Italy bear no comparison with it. It is -indescribable, and must be seen and felt in order to be fully -appreciated. A Baptist clergyman--Hard-shell--who visited Braidentown -last winter, was so fascinated and infatuated with the climate and -surroundings that he said he verily believed that he was then nearer -Paradise than he ever expected to be again while in the flesh. - -A timid person occasionally asks, "Are there Indians still in Florida?" -A remnant of the once warlike Creeks and Seminoles--scarcely two hundred -souls, including males, squaws, and papooses--still have an abiding -place on the Caloosahatchee, the Kissimmee, and in the Big Cypress -Swamp, south of Lake Okeechobee. They are peaceably disposed, and only -mingle with the whites when they visit the country stores to dispose of -their peltry and game and replenish their ammunition. Chipco and the -elder Tigertail, two of their former chiefs, have been called to the -"happy hunting-grounds" during the past two years. The former was a -centenarian, having attained the green old age of one hundred and ten -years. He participated in the Dade massacre, near Brooksville, in 1835. -The latter died by the visitation of God, having been killed by -lightning while crossing the Kissimmee in his canoe. The Indians have -several negro slaves in their secluded camps, who have never been -informed that the Emancipation Proclamation of the martyred Lincoln -loosened their shackles and made them free men. - -The questions are frequently asked: "What crops can you raise in -Florida? What can be grown on your soil?" The agricultural, -horticultural, and pomological products of Florida are more varied than -those of any other State of the Union. The northern, northeastern, and -northwestern parts of the State, as well as Middle Florida, are -admirably adapted to the cultivation of oats, barley, corn, Irish -potatoes, cotton, and tobacco. At the Atlanta Exposition, two years ago, -Florida was awarded the first premium for sea island cotton, rice, and -sugar. The peach, plum, Le Conte pear, several varieties of the apple -and grape, and all the small fruits are indigenous to the soil and -climate of those portions of the State. South Florida, composed of the -counties of Hernando, Sumter, Orange, Volusia, Brevard, Polk, -Hillsborough, Manatee, Monroe, and Dade, is the land of the orange and -all semi-tropical fruits. The guava, pineapple, banana, cocoanut, date, -sugar-apple, sapodilla, mango, alligator-pear, and other tropical fruits -thrive admirably in the lower counties, south of the twenty-eighth -degree of latitude. South Florida is also the natural home of the -sugar-cane. There it ratoons from six to eight years and tassels. The -cultivation of early vegetables for the northern and western markets is -also a large and remunerative industry, which has been recently -inaugurated on the hammocks bordering the Manatee Bay, on the Indian -River, and on the numerous keys or islands along the Gulf coast, between -Sarasota and Cape Sable. The cassava has also proved to be a -remunerative crop in South Florida when properly cultivated. The -introduction of jute and Sisal hemp, in the near future, will also add -materially to the wealth of the southern counties of the State. The -flat prairie and swamp lands, now considered almost worthless for -agricultural purposes, will then blossom as the rose. - -Dwelling in an almost perpetual summer, one would naturally suppose that -the climate would prove enervating to the human system. Such is not the -fact. In midsummer the weather is of a very pleasant temperature, the -nights being uniformly cool, and sultry days, so common in the North, of -very rare occurrence. So agreeable are the summers, there is little -choice between them and the winters, and many of the oldest settlers -prefer the former. Florida, in common with other States of the Union, is -sometimes afflicted with drouths, and there is sometimes a -superabundance of rain; but, as a general rule, the seasons are regular -and well adapted to all the valuable staples of the country. Frequent -showers occur during the spring and early summer, and about the first of -July the rainy season fairly sets in and continues until the first of -October. Although rain falls on nearly every day during this season, it -seldom ever rains all day. These rains fall in heavy showers, generally -accompanied by thunder and lightning, but are seldom of more than two -hours' duration. They generally occur early in the afternoon, leaving -for the balance of the day a cloudless sky and a delightfully cool -atmosphere. Paradoxical as it may seem, our winters are warmer and our -summers cooler than those of the Northern and Western States. The -mercury in the thermometer rarely reaches 96 deg. Fahrenheit in midsummer, -and at Braidentown, Manatee County, only on two occasions during the -past four years has it fallen as low as 38 deg.. - -The general healthfulness of Florida is proverbial. That its climate is -more salubrious than that of any other State of the Union is clearly -established by the medical statistics of the army, as well as by the -last census returns. The report of the Surgeon General of the United -States Army, demonstrates the fact that diseases which result from -malaria are of a much milder type in Florida than in any other part of -the United States. Among the troops serving in Florida, the number of -deaths to the number of cases of remittent fever has been much less than -in any other portion of the Union. In the Middle Division of the United -States, the proportion is one death to thirty-six cases of remittent -fever; in the Northern Division, one to fifty-two; in the Southern -Division, one to fifty-four; in Texas, one in seventy-eight; in -California, one in one hundred and twenty-two; in New Mexico, one in one -hundred and forty-eight; while in Florida, it is but _one in two hundred -and eighty-seven_. As a health resort for invalids suffering from -pulmonary complaints, Florida stands pre-eminent. Her invigorating, -balsamic breezes, with healing on their wings, soon banish the hectic -flush from the cheek of the invalid, and health and strength return once -more to cheer and gladden the hearts of despairing friends. - -A description of Florida lands published by Dr. Byrne in 1860 applies -with equal truthfulness at the present time. In every State and -Territory in the Union there is a large proportion of barren and poor -lands, but the ratio of these lands differ greatly in the different -States. Florida has a due proportion of poor lands, but compared with -other States, the ratio of her _barren_ and _worthless_ lands is very -small. With the exception of the Everglades and her irreclaimable swamp -lands, there is scarcely an acre in the whole State of Florida that is -entirely worthless, or which cannot be made, under her tropical climate, -tributary to some agricultural production. Lands which in a more -northern climate would be utterly worthless, will in Florida, owing to -her tropical character, yield valuable productions. For example, the -poorest pine lands of Florida will produce without fertilizing a -luxuriant crop of Sisal hemp, which yields more profit to the acre than -the richest land when cultivated in sugar, cotton, and tobacco. So it is -with jute and numerous other valuable tropical products that are adapted -to the lands that in more northern climates would yield nothing to -agriculture. Besides this, there are in Florida no mountain wastes, and -most of the land not under cultivation is covered with valuable timber. - -The classification of lands in common use being based on their elevation -and the character of their vegetable growth, does not indicate very -fully the character of the soil. There are the hammock, pine, and swamp -lands. Then there is the high or light hammock, and the low or heavy -hammock. Of pine lands, there are the first, second, and third rate. The -characteristic of hammock land as distinguished from pine is in the fact -of its being covered with a growth of underbrush and vines, while the -pine lands are open. Whenever, then, the land is not so low as to be -called swamp, and produces an undergrowth of shrubbery, it is called -hammock. - -The school lands of Florida--five hundred and seventy thousand -acres--are subject to entry at from one dollar and twenty-five cents to -seven dollars per acre, according to quality and location. The swamp -lands--eight and a half million acres--belonging to the State on the 1st -of May, 1882, are graded in price according to the number of acres, -varying from one dollar per acre for a tract of forty acres down to -seventy-five to seventy cents per acre for tracts of six hundred and -forty acres and over. The Disston Syndicate paid twenty-five cents -per acre for four million acres of swamp land, in bodies of ten thousand -acres each. The commutation price of United States lands is one dollar -and twenty-five cents per acre. Unimproved lands in the hands of private -parties are selling at from five to fifteen dollars per acre; improved -land at from twenty to fifty dollars per acre, the value depending on -location, latitude, improvements, etc. There are also large tracts of -land in Florida known as "Spanish grants," which are chiefly owned by -non-residents, and which can be purchased at reasonable prices. - -[Illustration: SCENE IN A SOUTH FLORIDA HAMMOCK--_Page 28._] - -Governor Bloxham recently stated that the present financial condition of -Florida is a fit subject for congratulation. There is at all times money -in the Treasury to pay accrued liabilities, while the amount of the -bonded debt is only one and a quarter millions, and the assessed value -of the property of the State is thirty-seven millions. The condition of -our public schools is decidedly progressive. There are at this time over -twelve hundred schools in the State, and last year a fund of $139,000 -was raised to support them. - -Places of worship may be found in all our settlements; not gorgeous -edifices, with steeples and spires pointing heavenward, but -unpretentious and comfortable structures, in which all denominations of -Christians assemble to worship God according to the dictates of their -own consciences. The Methodists are the most numerous. Next in point of -numbers, the Baptists of different grades of shell, from hard to soft, -may be enumerated. Then come the Presbyterians, Episcopalians, -Campbellites, and Catholics, with a slight sprinkling of other -denominations by way of variety. The religious status of the population -of Florida, like the climate, is rather above the average of other -sections of the Union. There is an indescribable element in the climate -of Florida which is conducive of religious fervor. Several immigrants -from the North and West, whose piety never cropped out until their -arrival in Florida, have been suddenly seized with a call to preach. In -some parts of South Florida, local preachers are nearly as numerous as -laymen, and it is often highly amusing to hear them expound the -Scriptures, and see them wrestle with theology. - -The Fountain of Youth, sought for in vain by Ponce de Leon three hundred -and seventy years ago, is in Florida. Time has not dried up the source -of its health-giving, its life-giving, waters. They flow as of yore, and -every one who thirsteth can partake of them freely. Invalids and -pleasure-seekers find it in our glorious climate, in our invigorating -breezes, which blow as soft and balmy as those from Ceylon's isle; in -our beautiful flowers and almost perpetual verdure, and in the total -absence of the chilling winds and frosts of the North and West, which -render life almost unendurable. De Soto and his followers sought our -shores in quest of _El Dorado_. That also is in Florida. You see it in -our productive soil, in our vast orange groves, in our bananas, -pineapples, guavas, and pomegranates, which no other State of the Union -can produce. Who then shall say that both the "Fountain of Youth" and -"_El Dorado_" are not within the boundaries of Florida? Our climate is a -perpetual summer; the husbandman tickles the soil with the plow and hoe, -and it laughs with an abundant harvest; the stately magnolias and -graceful palms lock hands in our hammocks and wave their evergreen -foliage as a token of welcome to immigrants, and wild flowers gladden -the eye and perfume the air with their fragrance. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - - MANATEE BAY--ITS TROPICAL SCENERY--EGMONT KEY--SNEAD'S - ISLAND--DATE, PALM AND OLIVE TREES--CLIMATE--INSECTS--BRAIDENTOWN - AND ITS SURROUNDINGS--MANATEE, THE OLDEST TOWN ON THE BAY--ITS - EARLY HISTORY--BRAIDEN CASTLE--FAIR OAKS--ORANGE - GROVES--WILLEMSENBURG AND FOGARTYVILLE. - - -The Manatee River, or, more properly speaking, bay, is one of the most -picturesque sheets of water in Florida. It is fourteen miles in length, -with an average width of one and a half miles. One of its -tributaries--the Manatee River proper--extends still further eastward, -some twenty miles; and another northward, half that distance. Its course -is nearly due west to Egmont Key, where it mingles its waters with those -of Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. It lies between the twenty-seventh -and twenty-eighth parallels of north latitude, and in longitude 5-1/2 deg. -west from Washington. A person passing up the bay on the mail steamer -for the first time, will be charmed with the tropical and semi-tropical -scenery that meets his view on either side of the bay, from its mouth to -Braidentown, the present terminus of steamboat navigation. Egmont Key, -with its forest of cabbage palmettos nodding their evergreen plumes in -the morning sun; the stately date-palms and olive trees on Snead's -Island, on the north side of the bay, and the pretty villas surrounded -by young orange and banana groves on the south side, between Palmasola -city and Manatee, form a landscape of rare tropical beauty, unexceled in -the land of flowers, and unrivaled by the fairest scenes in Italia's -famed land. - -Until quite recently, this part of Florida, the great sanitarium of the -world, has, comparatively speaking, been a sealed book to the invalids -and pleasure-seekers of the North and West, who spend their winters in -Jacksonville, St. Augustine and the towns on the St. Johns, Halifax and -Indian Rivers, and console themselves with the idea that they have seen -all parts of Florida worth visiting. The principal drawback which the -Gulf coast has had to contend with, and which partially exists at this -time, is lack of speedy transportation and comfortable hotel -accommodations. These are being remedied, and, when the Manatee region -shall have become as thickly populated as the St. Johns, our facilities -for transportation, etc., will equal those of the Atlantic coast. - -The railroad now being built by Eastern capitalists, between Palatka on -the St. Johns and Tampa at the head of the bay of that name on the Gulf -coast, will be completed within two years. Then the iron horse, with -bowels of fire, muscles of steel and breath of steam, with a shriek and -a snort, will rush over the metallic track and annihilate time and space -so rapidly, that the Atlantic and Gulf coasts will be within a few hours -of each other. A narrow-gauge railroad from Tampa to the Manatee, and -thence to Sarasota Bay, will soon follow, giving us direct and rapid -communication with the principal cities of the North and West. The -round-about route over King David's Transit Railroad to Cedar Key, and -thence by steamboat to the Manatee, will then be abandoned, and -henceforth remembered only as a necessity of by-gone days. The recent -completion of the Louisville, Nashville and Great Southern Railroad, -with a terminus at Pensacola, will soon give us direct and speedy -communication with the cities of Louisville, Nashville, Cincinnati, -Indianapolis, Chicago and St. Louis, and open up the best and most -available markets for the fruits and vegetables of the Gulf coast. -General Alexander, Vice-President of this company, recently expressed -his willingness to assist in the establishment of a line of steamers -between Pensacola and Manatee, touching at other points along the coast. - -Our climate is far superior to that of any other part of Florida; and, I -do not think I hazard much in saying, to that of any part of the -habitable globe. Having, during a somewhat eventful life of sixty-two -years, visited Europe, Asia, Africa, South and Central America, Mexico -and California, I say, and "I say it boldly," that in my varied travels, -nowhere have I found so healthful and desirable a climate as "Sunland," -on the Manatee Bay. We are exempt from ice and the chilling blasts that -sweep along the St. Johns and Halifax, and also from tornadoes and -hurricanes, so destructive on the Atlantic coast. - -Insects are neither numerous nor troublesome. I have been worse annoyed -by mosquitoes in the City of Philadelphia than in this part of Florida. -The ubiquitous flea is, I admit, rather prevalent here, but one soon -becomes reconciled to his habits, and honors his drafts whenever he -presents his bill. Snakes are not as numerous here as in Pennsylvania. -There are, however, rattlesnakes and moccasins in Florida. The former I -have never seen, and the latter but seldom. Those that came under my -observation, appeared to be worse frightened than I was, and made a -hasty exit. Alligators are not numerous in this section, and are -comparatively harmless. Like a once noted statesman, they desire to be -let alone. If closely cornered, they will fight; but they prefer to run, -if a chance is offered for escape. - -Braidentown, the embryo town of the Manatee, is situated on the south -side of the bay, about eight miles above its entrance into Tampa Bay. -Located on a bluff some fifteen feet above tidewater, it commands a fine -view of the surrounding country and of the entire bay. Being constantly -fanned by the breezes from the gulf "with healing on their wings," it is -in point of healthfulness all that the most fastidious pleasure-seeker -or invalid could wish for. From Jack's Creek, its eastern boundary, to -its western terminus, Ware's Creek, it contains a frontage on the bay of -three-fourths of a mile, dotted with picturesque villas, surrounded by -tropical fruits and flowers. Although yet in a chrysalis state, being -scarcely two years old, it contains two boarding-houses, two stores, a -meat-shop, post-office and a warehouse, with a wharf connecting it with -the shore--the only one on the bay east of Palmasola city. Passengers -for Manatee and other places on the bay are conveyed on shore in sail or -row-boats. Major W. I. Turner, the projector of Braidentown, a Virginian -by birth, has been a resident of Florida for forty-five years. Although -on the shady side of life, he is still hale and hearty. May he live to -see his bantling, now in her leading-strings, the county-seat of Manatee -County. Stranger events have happened. This is an age of progress; the -world moves, and Florida, after her Rip Van Winkle sleep of three -hundred years, is moving with it. - -Sportsmen visiting this place can be accommodated with sail-boats for -fishing, or mule and ox teams for a hunting trip to the Miakka, the -sportsman's paradise. Captain Charles Miller and Billy Stowell, _alias_ -"Buffalo Bill," both "old salts" and reliable men, can be engaged with -their respective crafts, the _Sancho Panza_ and _Onkeehi_, at reasonable -rates. Ox and mule teams can be had of John N. Harris and Dr. S. J. -Tyler. - -The reader will pardon a slight digression, and allow me to state, that -if any person who knows how to run a hotel, will start one in -Braidentown, he will most assuredly put money in his purse, and at the -same time satisfy a great public want. A hotel containing one hundred -rooms, properly conducted, would be filled with guests six months of the -year. We have fish, oysters, clams and game in abundance, on which -boarders could fare sumptuously every day. Shall we have a hotel? - -One and a half miles east of Braidentown, on the low, sandy beach of the -bay, is the irregularly constructed village of Manatee. A stranger -visiting Manatee will invariably ask himself why a town was ever built -here? The following will solve the problem. Adjacent to the village, in -a southerly direction, are rich hammock lands, which, in consequence of -their malarial surroundings, could not be domiciled by their owners. The -pine land on the bay shore offering a more healthful location for -building, the early settlers availed themselves of it and erected their -log and palmetto cabins first, and afterward more pretentious and -architectural structures. The Indian war breaking out soon after the -first settlers had located at Manatee, their cabins formed the nucleus -of a settlement as a protection against the savages. Thus Manatee became -a village, and for many years was the only settlement on the Manatee -Bay. The hospitality of her citizens is proverbial. The stranger within -their gates who asks for bread is never requested to masticate a stone. -Unfortunately, the citizens of Manatee are not as progressive as -hospitable. A plank wharf or foot-way, connecting the steamboat -warehouse with the shore, is badly needed, and should be constructed at -once. There is a great deal of vitality lying dormant in the old town, -which, if thoroughly aroused and properly applied, would place an -entirely different aspect on the face of affairs. The village contains a -Methodist church, five stores, three boarding-houses, a drug store, an -academy, a meat-shop and a post-office. Dr. George Casper, an -enterprising Manateean, wishing to extend his usefulness, and being -impressed with the belief that it would be a good thing to mix -literature with physic, has issued the prospectus of a weekly newspaper, -to be called the _Manatee County News_. It will be the pioneer paper of -the county, and its editor will have plenty of elbow-room--Manatee -County being as large as the States of Connecticut and Rhode Island. - -One mile east of Manatee, on a point of land formed by the junction of -Braiden Creek with the bay, stands a historic structure, known as -Braiden Castle. It is composed of a concrete of lime and oyster-shells, -two stories high, surmounted by a cupola or observatory, constructed of -wood, from which a charming view of the surrounding country can be had. -South-east, Braiden Creek, winding like a silver thread among -innumerable evergreen islands, presents a view worthy of a poet's dream. -Westward, as far as the eye can scan, can be traced the blue waters of -the bay glinting in the sun or dancing in the moonbeams on their way to -the gulf. Northward, across the bay, the eye meets hammock, pine land -and prairie stretching far away toward Tampa Bay. This old relic, -scarred by Indian bullets, stands a sad memento of better days. Who -shall write its history? - -At Fair Oaks, about one and a half miles south of the castle, on a -portion of the old Braiden plantation, is the largest and most thrifty -young orange grove on the gulf coast of South Florida. It comprises -nearly four thousand trees; belongs to the Hon. Charles H. Foster, -ex-State Treasurer, and is a living, growing, bearing monument to Yankee -pluck, enterprise and industry. Mr. Foster is now erecting at Fair Oaks -the handsomest private residence in South Florida. The most direct -route to Fair Oaks is by the way of Manatee, and the scenery _en route_ -is unsurpassed in the land of the myrtle and ivy. Leaving Rocky Ford, -you pass Glen Falls, whose pellucid waters sparkle and dance over rock -and through chasm, on their course to the Manatee. Graceful palms, with -their evergreen foliage; stately live oaks, draped with pendant moss, -swaying to and fro in the breeze; girdled oaks, gayly festooned from -base to apex with ivy, yellow jessamine and Virginia creeper, gladden -the eye on either side of the road, and orange-blossoms perfume the air -with their delightful fragrance, rendering the scene enchanting as fairy -land. - -In the village of Manatee and adjacent hammock may be seen the orange -groves of Mrs. Gates, Revs. Edmund Lee, A. A. Robinson and E. Glazier, -Messrs. Pelote, Curry, Harllee, Mitchell, Vanderipe, Lloyd, Clark, -Warner, McNeill, Casper, Gates, Wyatt, Adams, Broberg, Reed and Wilson. -Mrs. Gates, Parson Lee and Major Adams also have banana groves in -bearing. The latter gentleman is engaged in erecting a large concrete -mansion, with carriage-house and servants' quarters of the same -material. Situated in an eligible position on the bank of the bay, -surrounded by tropical fruits, flowers and vines, whose evergreen -foliage constantly waving in the breeze, renders the location highly -picturesque. - -Some four or five miles south of Manatee, _en route_ to Sarasota Bay, -are thrifty young orange groves, belonging to the Messrs. Helm, father -and sons, Dryman, Marshall, Younglove, Dunham, Saunders, Azlin, Howell, -Thompson, Williams and Whitted; and on Black-Jack Ridge, near -Braidentown, may be seen the thrifty grove of Judge E. M. Graham. The -groves of the Messrs. Helm are pronounced by every one who have seen -them to be the most promising of their age in the State. They are only -four years old, but will put to the blush many groves twice their age. -They are monuments of clean and persistent culture. - -On the west side of Ware's Creek, skirting the bay, is Willemsenburg, -consisting of three houses and the frame of a mammoth hotel. This grim -skeleton, gray with age, has a history. Erected originally by Dr. -Hunter, at one time a noted physician of New York, and Charles W. -Skinner, a Boston capitalist, on Sanibel, or "Sanitarium" Island, near -Punta Rassa, it was soon blown or washed down. A portion of the wreck, -with additional lumber from Cedar Key, was soon afterward erected at -Sarasota Bay, where another partner, Dr. Dunham, of St. Louis, joined in -the enterprise. A misunderstanding between the trio resulted in the -withdrawal of the two medical men before the structure was completed. -Mr. Skinner subsequently razed the building to the ground, rafted it -through Palmasola Bay into the Manatee, and erected it on its present -site, where it has stood in an unfinished condition during the past five -years. The decease of Mr. Skinner soon after its erection, caused its -progress to stop as suddenly as did "my grandfather's clock" at the -death of its owner. - -Westward, separated by an imaginary line, is Fogartyville, a community -composed principally of boat-builders and seafaring men, with their -families. It contains a store, boat-builder's shed, half a dozen -dwelling-houses, a floating dry-dock with two sections in working order, -and two additional sections nearly completed. The Messrs. Fogarty and -Captain Bhart are the owners of the dry-dock. - -In this cozy little settlement, close down by the waters of the bay, -lives Madam Julia Atzeroth, and in the garden attached to her house was -cultivated with her own hands _the first coffee grown in the United -States_. Madam Atzeroth, or Madam "Joe," as she is called by her -friends, is a character, and deserves an extended notice. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - - MADAM ATZEROTH--BIRTH, PARENTAGE AND MARRIAGE--ARRIVAL IN NEW - YORK--VISIT TO PHILADELPHIA, EASTON AND NEW ORLEANS--ARRIVAL IN - FLORIDA--LOCATES ON TERRACEIA ISLAND--VICISSITUDES OF PIONEER - LIFE--A FRIEND IN NEED, A FRIEND INDEED--ARRIVAL OF HER SISTER AND - FAMILY--TRIP TO NEWNANSVILLE--CORN-DODGERS AND SAWDUST-DEATH OF - MRS. NICHOLS--REMOVAL TO FORT BROOKE, TAMPA--COL. W. W. BELKNAP AND - FAMILY--RETURN TO TERRACEIA--HOMESTEAD PAPERS ILLEGALLY - EXECUTED--RETURN AGAIN TO TAMPA--GALE OF 1846--REMOVE TO - PALMETTO--INDIAN WAR--SCENES DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION--SELL - OUT AT PALMETTO AND SETTLE IN FOGARTYVILLE--FIRST COFFEE GROWN IN - THE UNITED STATES--ITS HISTORY. - - -Madam Julia Atzeroth, whose maiden name was Hunt, was born in the City -of Bradford, near the River Rhine, in Bavaria, on the 25th day of -December, 1807. Of a family of four children--two males and two -females--she is the only survivor. The death of her mother occurring -when she was eleven years of age, she was adopted by an uncle on the -maternal side, with whom she resided until she attained her majority. At -the age of twenty-four years she married Joseph Atzeroth, also a native -of Bavaria. The young couple soon after the birth of their first child, -a daughter, left the Fatherland and immigrated to America. They arrived -in New York in the month of August, 1841, where they remained only a few -months. In consequence of the failing health of Madam Atzeroth, they -visited Philadelphia and Easton, Pa.; but deriving no benefit from -change of location at the North, her physician advised her to go South. -They accordingly went to New Orleans, where they remained about one -year. Madam Atzeroth's health not improving, her attending physician, a -German, proposed a trip to Florida. Laying in a supply of provisions and -medicines, and accompanied by the physician, they engaged passage on -board the schooner _Essex_, a tender for the United States troops -stationed at Fort Brooke, Tampa, where they arrived in the spring of -1843. - -Soon after landing at Tampa, Mr. Atzeroth commenced prospecting for a -desirable place to locate. After looking about for two or three weeks, -he concluded to homestead one hundred and sixty acres of land on -Terraceia Island, and on the 12th day of April, 1843, accompanied by his -wife, little daughter, the German physician and his dog Bonaparte, -landed on the east side of the island about midway of Terraceia Bay. The -hammock was so dense that the men were compelled to use their axes to -clear a space on which to pitch their tent. The underbrush and vines -were so thick, and the progress made by the men so slow, that Madam Joe -seized an axe and assisted them. This was her first attempt at chopping -and grubbing in Florida. Since that time she has become an expert at the -business. When the tent was erected and dinner prepared, it was eaten -with a keen relish. From that time forward Madam Joe felt new life and -strength. Her torpid liver began to perform its normal functions, and -she forthwith discharged the physician and destroyed his medicines. The -doctor went to Key West, where he died soon afterward. - -Having become weary of tent-life, Madam Joe proposed to her husband the -erection of a palmetto hut. Mr. Joe, as the madam always called her -husband, drove the stakes for the frame and gathered the palmetto fans -or branches. The madam mounted the roof and thatched it; but her work -was performed so badly that the first shower of rain deluged the -interior, and its inmates sought refuge under the table. The hut was -subsequently re-thatched, and three of its corners made fast to trees, -which prevented the wind from blowing it down. Soon after the completion -of the hut, their provisions ran short, and Mr. Joe started in a canoe -for Tampa to replenish them. On his return, adverse winds blew his frail -craft around Shaw's Point into Palmasola Bay, and becoming bewildered, -he landed at Sarasota instead of Terraceia. After being buffeted about -by the wind and waves for more than a week, he finally reached home. -During his absence, Madam Joe and her child had no companion save the -dog Bonaparte. The panthers, wild hogs and owls made the nights hideous -with their screams, growls and hootings. One night a raid was made by an -owl on the chickens roosting on the trees overhanging the hut. Madam Joe -seized an old musket of the Methodist persuasion, which usually went off -at half-cock, with the intention of frightening away the "wild -varmints," but it was unloaded. Never having loaded a musket, she was in -a quandary whether to put in first the powder or the shot. Luckily, she -put in the powder before the shot, and stepping to the door of the hut, -discharged the musket into the tops of the trees. She put in too much -powder, and like another gun we read about, it - - "Bore wide the mark and kicked its owner over." - -The owl escaped that time in consequence of being at the wrong end of -the musket. It was subsequently killed by Mr. Joe, and peace reigned -once more among the chickens. Madam Joe subsequently became an expert -with both the shot-gun and rifle, and if reports are reliable, her -unerring aim has caused more than one red-skin to make a hasty exit to -the "happy hunting-grounds." She can also ride a horse astride or -otherwise--seldom otherwise--like a Camanche. - -Becoming disgusted with their frail palmetto hut, Madam and Mr. Joe -felled the trees and commenced the erection of a log-pen house, -consisting of two rooms, with a wide passage running between them. As -there were no saw-mills in the country, boards could not be had at any -price. The roof of the house was covered with split cedar planks, and -the interstices between the logs filled with moss and clay. A chimney -was improvised of sticks plastered with mud. Subsequently, glazed sash -for the windows were imported from New Orleans. Meanwhile the axe had -not been idle. The stately live oaks and graceful palms around the house -had been felled and burned, the land grubbed, and a good-sized vegetable -garden was in successful cultivation. Fort Brooke, some thirty miles -distant, offering a good market for their surplus produce, they hired a -man with a boat to transport and sell their vegetables. Although -bountiful crops rewarded their labor, they were not entirely happy. -Madam Joe was anxious that her only sister, residing in New York, should -emigrate with her family to Florida. But how was the matter to be -accomplished without money? Where there is a will, there is always a way -to accomplish things which at first sight seem to be impossibilities. -The matter was laid before Col. W. G. Belknap, the commander of Fort -Brooke, who cheerfully advanced the required funds, and Mr. Joe left -immediately in a schooner for New York, _via_ Key West. The voyage was -long and tedious, but it was accomplished, and in due course of time, -Mr. Joe returned safely with his brother-in-law, wife and child. - -Another trouble now presented itself. The Armed Occupation Act having -expired previous to locating their land on Terraceia, they were -compelled to go to the United States Land Office, at Newnansville, one -hundred and sixty miles distant, to file the requisite papers. The -country being wild and sparsely settled, Mr. Joe and Mr. Nichols, his -brother-in-law, were compelled to pack their provisions on their backs, -which rendered their journey wearisome and slow. On the third day they -reached a cabin, where they remained over night. While at breakfast on -the following morning, most of their provisions were stolen by some -thieving negroes. The theft not being discovered until they stopped at -mid-day to lunch, they were in a sad plight. They pushed on as fast as -possible, and late in the evening came to a cabin inhabited by very poor -people. A scanty supper was set before them, which they ate and retired -for the night. The breakfast-table on the following morning was -bountifully supplied with hog, hominy and corn-dodgers. Mr. Nichols -having never before seen a corn-dodger, took a large mouthful of one, -and then walking deliberately to the door, spat it out. On resuming his -seat at the table, he requested Mr. Joe, in German, not to eat those -_saw-dust_ cakes. Mr. Joe, knowing the difference between saw-dust and -corn-meal, continued to put away the dodgers, to the great disgust of -his brother-in-law, who finished his breakfast on hog and hominy. They -finally reached Newnansville, transacted their business and returned -safely home, after an absence of about two weeks. - -Soon after the return of her husband from Newnansville, Mrs. Nichols -gave birth to a child. It lived only two hours, and in less than one -week from its birth its mother followed the little angel to - - "The undiscovered country, from whose bourne - No traveler returns." - -The surviving child, a little girl two years old, was adopted by Madam -Joe, who reared and educated her. She is at this time the wife of Mr. -William O'Neil, who resides at Palmetto, on the north side of the -Manatee Bay. - -The money borrowed from Colonel Belknap still remained unpaid, which was -a source of great trouble to Madam Joe. She had the inclination, but not -the means to cancel the debt. The colonel proposed to send for his -family at the North, and install Madam Joe as housekeeper. The -proposition was cheerfully acquiesced in; and early in the year 1845, -Madam Joe, accompanied by her husband, daughter and niece, went to Tampa -and resided in the house of Colonel Belknap, at Fort Brooke. The -Terraceia homestead was left in charge of Mr. Nichols and a hired man. -The colonel's family at that time consisted of his wife, two daughters -and a son. That son, General W. W. Belknap, at present a resident of -Keokuk, Iowa, made an honorable and enviable record during the war of -the Rebellion, and was afterward Secretary of War during a part of -President Grant's administration. - -During the eight months Madam Joe resided with the family of Colonel -Belknap, she frequently saw the wily chief, Billy Bowlegs, and other -noted Seminoles, for whom, to use her own words, she "cooked many a -meal." Close confinement caused a recurrence of her old disease--liver -complaint--and she reluctantly left the hospitable house of Colonel -Belknap for her homestead on Terraceia, where by constant out-door -exercise, she soon regained her usual health. Even at the present day, -Madam Joe's universal panacea is "the grubbing-hoe and elbow-grease." -She practices what she preaches, and unlike the medical profession, -takes her own medicine. Soon after the return of Madam Joe and family to -Terraceia, Mr. Nichols concluded to go to New Orleans. During that -year--1846--the yellow fever nearly depopulated the city, and Mr. -Nichols was probably one of its victims, as he has never been heard from -by his friends since he left Terraceia. - -In the fall of 1846, one of the severest gales that ever visited this -section of the country passed over Tampa, Terraceia, Palmetto and -Manatee. Madam Joe's house was blown down and all her furniture -destroyed. The hen-house was the only structure that survived the storm. -The fowls were dispossessed of their domicile, and the family occupied -it until another house was built. - -In 1848, a government official visited this part of Florida to examine -proofs of claimants to land under the Armed Occupation and Homestead -Acts. On examining Madam Joe's papers, it was discovered that two -permits had been issued for the same number. This error could only be -rectified at the General Land Office in Washington. It was deemed -advisable by Madam Joe and her husband to return to Tampa and remain -there until the mistake in relation to their homestead could be -rectified. Mr. Joe hired a man to assist him in building a house at -Tampa, and they went up the Hillsborough River to cut logs and make -shingles for the structure. In the month of September the logs for the -house were formed into a raft and the shingles placed on it. Everything -being in readiness for a start, a furious gale set in, which destroyed -the raft and scattered the logs and shingles for miles along the banks -of the river. Having gathered the logs and shingles together and rafted -them down to Tampa, Mr. Joe visited his family at Terraceia, where he -learned that during the late storm his wife, child and niece had taken -refuge in the house of a friend on another part of the island. He -returned to Tampa, and his family followed soon after. When Madam Joe -arrived, she did not admire the location her husband had selected for -the house. The frame was taken down and erected on a lot on the -town-side of the river, and was soon occupied by the family. The -property is still owned by Madam Joe. - -Misfortunes, it is said, never come single-handed. In the early part of -1849, Mr. Joe injured one of his feet, and soon after was attacked with -chills and fever, which, despite medical treatment, continued nine -months. At this time Madam Joe's finances were at a fearfully low ebb; -but being equal to the emergency, she cast about for something to do -whereby she could earn an honest penny. She accordingly started a -home-made beer and cake shop, which being liberally patronized by the -soldiers, soon placed her in easy financial circumstances. Her husband -at the same time kept a sutler's store at Fort Chiconicla. - -About this time a partly-finished house, built by a friend--Mr. -Reece--in Palmetto, was sold by the sheriff, and Madam Joe became the -purchaser, with the hope that Mr. Reece would be able to redeem the -property. Failing to do so, Madam Joe and family left Tampa and located -in Palmetto in the year 1851. Here they opened a small store, in which -they did a thriving business. They also cultivated their farm on -Terraceia Island, and by degrees, as their means permitted, stocked it -with cattle, horses and hogs. Additions were also made to their stock of -goods, and finally they purchased a colored man, who was an excellent -farm hand, and proved of great service to his owners. - -In 1855 another Indian war broke out. Volunteer companies, home-guards -and boat companies were organized for protection against Indian -incursions. Many plantations were abandoned and homes broken up. Mr. Joe -belonged to one of the boat companies, and a ten days' scout being -prolonged to twenty days, it was reported that the entire party had been -massacred by the Indians. During the scout they visited the Indian camps -in the Everglades, from whence Mr. Joe brought away as trophies a silver -cup and a spoon belonging to Billy Bowlegs. The cup was subsequently -sold to Colonel Jewett, U. S. A. The country was in a state of commotion -and fever of excitement until the close of the war, in 1858. During -these eventful years, Madam Joe stood guard with her musket or rifle -whenever her services were required. She never showed the white feather. - -Peace had scarcely been restored, when the civil war of 1861 broke out, -and Florida was again in a state of anarchy. Mr. Joe enlisted in the -Confederate service, and served in Tennessee and Kentucky. At the close -of the war, Madam Joe sold her place at Palmetto, with the intention of -returning to Europe, but her physician informed her that she could not -survive a change of climate, which induced her to abandon the idea of -visiting the Fatherland. The family again took up their residence on -Terraceia, where Mr. Joe died on the 29th of October, 1871. Madam Joe -sold part of her Terraceia plantation and moved to Fogartyville, her -present location, in the year 1873. Her garden at this place comprises -only four acres, but nowhere else in Florida can be found so many -different varieties of trees, plants, vegetables, vines, shrubs and -flowers. Mrs. William Fogarty, the daughter of Madam Joe, with her -husband and son, reside with the madam. Here, in the year 1876, was -planted a few grains of Mexican coffee, received from a neighbor, Mrs. -E. S. Warner. On the 20th of February, 1880, Madam Joe sent to the -Commissioner of Agriculture, at Washington, the _first pound of coffee -grown in the United States_, for which she received ten dollars. This -spring she has sent to the Agricultural Department, at Washington, four -pounds of coffee, the product of two trees. Next year she will have -eight coffee trees in bearing, and at least one hundred young trees in -her nursery. As quite a diversity of opinion exists in relation to the -origin of the seed from which the first coffee was grown in the United -States, I append the following communications from Mrs. E. S. Warner, of -Manatee, Fla., and Dr. A. A. Russell, of Cordova, Mexico, published in -the Tampa _Tribune_, of September 26th, 1880: - -"MANATEE, FLA., _August 30th, 1880_. - - "DR. WALL: Dear Sir--I inclose a letter from Dr. A. A. Russell, of - Cordova, Mexico, the gentleman from whose plantation the - coffee-seed was procured that has been successfully reproduced by - Madam Atzeroth here. As the subject of coffee-raising in this State - is causing considerable inquiry, and as this letter contains much - valuable information on the subject, I submit it to you for - publication, asking the favor of having a copy forwarded to the - doctor from your office as soon as issued. Very respectfully, - -"E. S. WARNER." - -"CORDOVA, MEXICO, _May 19th, 1880_. - - "MRS. E. S. WARNER: Madam--It was quite a pleasure to receive your - very kind letter of April 1st. I congratulate you most heartily, - and am proud to learn that from the _seed I sent was produced the - first coffee in the States_. I think I wrote you that the plant - requires shade. In this climate we prefer to plant in fresh, - timbered land; cutting out at first only the undergrowth, and - taking out a few trees every year after for two or three years, - thus graduating the shade and ventilating as appears to be - required. The palatine (or plantain, or banana, as you probably - call it) makes a good shade, and may be cut out, or under leaves - trimmed off as may seem to be necessary. Coffee requires a rich, - vegetable soil, or manure. The berry is fully ripe when dark red, - but the grain is matured if the berry is picked when it has become - yellow or only turning red; however, the coffee is of better - quality if the berry is fully ripe, that is, of a deep or dark red. - When gathered, it should be spread out at once to dry in the sun. - It may be dried on mats, scaffolds or platforms of planks or - boards. In good or favorable weather it requires about three weeks - to dry. Here it is often dried on the ground. It may be spread from - two to four inches thick, and should be stirred twice or three - times a day; and if it should get wet a few times on the dryer, - before half dry, no harm will be done and the coffee not injured in - the least, if frequently stirred to prevent fermentation. When half - dry it should be protected from rain and dew. If it has been wet a - few times it will be more easily cleaned, but if frequently wet it - will be of a darker color; also much darker, and even black and - spoiled, if allowed to heat and ferment. It may be pulped by some - of the pulping machines now in use, the day it is gathered, then - washed and dried. The pulped coffee will dry in a few days, - occupies less space in drying, and is of a lighter color, which, - with you, I presume, are considerations of little importance at - present. - - "You will know the coffee is sufficiently dry when the hull crushes - readily under the foot. The most simple, and, by the way, not a - very bad process for cleaning the coffee, is the primitive mode of - cleaning rice; that is, to beat it out in a deep mortar with a - heavy pestle, and as the chaff accumulates dip out the coffee with - a cup in the left hand, pouring back into the mortar from the - same height, at the same time blowing off the chaff with a fan in - the right hand, repeating the process until clean. - - "There are a variety of machines for hulling and cleaning coffee, - which will be a matter of consideration when the production - requires it. Now that you have succeeded in producing the grain, - you will have less difficulty in propagating from the acclimated - seed, which should be thoroughly ripe, squeezed out of the pulp and - dried in the shade. Hope you will continue successfully, and - establish plantations of importance. - -Your obedient servant, - -"A. A. RUSSELL." - - -[Illustration: MADAM JULIA ATZEROTH. - -The lady who raised the first coffee grown in the United States. - -From a photograph by F. PINARD, Manatee and Tampa.] - -The portrait of Madam Joe is a truthful likeness. Above the medium -height of her sex, with features bronzed by a tropical sun and the -exposure and hardships of a pioneer life, she is nevertheless a -well-preserved matron of seventy-four years, with as noble and generous -a heart as ever pulsated within the breast of a human being. She is -passionately fond of music and waltzing, and can - - "Trip the light fastastic toe" - -as gracefully as a miss of sixteen. May her days in the land be -prolonged beyond fourscore years and ten. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - - THE WARNERS, MOTHER AND SONS--PALMASOLA CITY--STEAM SAW-MILL AND - OTHER IMPROVEMENTS--SAM NICHOLS AND HIS SHELL-MOUND--PALMASOLA - BAY--SARASOTA BAY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS--SNEAD'S - ISLAND--SHELL-MOUND--DATE-PALM AND OLIVE TREES--UNCLE JOE AND HIS - DOGS WITH GLASS EYES--SAPP'S POINT--PALMETTO--THE PATTEN AND TURNER - PLANTATIONS--JUDAH P. BENJAMIN--OAK HILL--TERRACEIA ISLAND--LANDING - OF DE SOTO IN 1539. - - -Westward of Fogartyville, on the south side of the bay, among the most -prominent residences, are those of the Warners, mother and sons. Thence -westward, across a bayou, on a sand-spit projecting into the bay, stands -the steam saw and planing-mill of Messrs. W. S. Warner & Co., just -completed. This mill, wharf and warehouse are the _nuclei_ of Palmasola -City, which is soon to skirt the adjacent sand hills, and cause the -surrounding "wilderness to blossom as the rose." Mr. Warner is a Bay -State Yankee of indomitable pluck, and his partner, Mr. J. S. Beach, who -resides at Terre Haute, Ind., controls the money bags of a national -bank. If capital and pluck wean build a city, the success of Palmasola -may be set down as assured. Along the bay, west of the Warners, are the -ranches of Messrs. Sweetzer, Burgess, Sykes and Bishop. A few miles -further west is Shaw's Point, at the mouth of the bay. Here, on an -immense shell-mound, surrounded by hammock and pine land, Mr. Sam -Nichols, a native of Alabama, has entered a homestead of 160 acres of -land. Although severely wounded during our late "unpleasantness," Mr. -Nichols has beaten his musket into a plowshare, his sword into a -pruning-hook, and, like a good citizen, is earning his bread by the -sweat of his brow. - -Along the Gulf coast, southward, skirting Palmasola and Sarasota Bays, -may be found the hospitable homes of Messrs. Farrar, Adams, Moore, -Buckner, Harp, Stephonse, Tyler, Spang, Crowley, Dorch, Callan, Riggin, -Dunham, Smith, Helveston, Whitaker, Willard, Bidwell, Edmondson, C. E. -and M. R. Abbe, Liddell, Greer, Yonge, Boardman, Young, Lancaster, -Cunliff, Woodworth, Jones, Anderson, Crocker, Hansen, Bronson Bros., -Clower, Lowe, Webb, Griffith, Bacon, Knight, Guptrel and Roberts. - -On the north side of Manatee Bay, at its entrance into Tampa Bay, is -Snead's Island, separated from the mainland by a narrow and shallow -"cut-off" leading into Terraceia Bay, and also by a wider and deeper -channel opening into Tampa Bay, and separating it from Terraceia -Island. Midway of the island, fronting on Manatee Bay, is a curiosity -in the shape of a shell-mound or earth-work, crescent-shaped, and some -forty feet in height. The distance between the points of the crescent on -the bank of the bay, is five hundred feet. On the highest point of the -mound, and nearly in the centre, stands a frame dwelling, somewhat -dilapidated, erected by a former owner of the place. On the eastern -angle are two date-palm and two olive trees. The former are fifteen -inches in diameter and forty feet in height. The latter are eighteen -inches in diameter two feet above the ground, and fifty feet in height. -Both the olive and date-palms bear fruit; the former in large -quantities. On the mound in the centre of the crescent, and near the -house, are two olibanum trees, eighteen inches in diameter and fifty -feet in height. Was this mound an Indian burial place, or was it thrown -up by the early Spanish invaders as a defense against the Natchez, a -warlike and semi-civilized tribe of Indians, who, at the time of the -Spanish conquest, inhabited this part of Florida? _Quien sabe?_ - -The only human occupants of the island at this time are uncle Joe -Franklin and his wife, an aged couple. Uncle Joe lives in a palmetto hut -with a shell floor, and with the old 'oman and two glasseyed dogs as -companions, - - "His hours in cheerful labor fly." - -Uncle Joe is a character, and all visitors to the Manatee should call on -him, examine his mammoth wild fig tree and hedge of century plants. -_Mem._ Ask him to chain his dogs before you go ashore, otherwise the -seat of your inexpressibles will require repairs. I have been there. - -Eastward, above the Terraceia cut-off, is Sapp's Point. Further along, -and directly opposite Braidentown, is Palmetto, a young town containing -two stores and a post-office. The reader will perceive that Uncle Sam -distributes post-offices in Florida with a lavish hand. We have three of -these convenient institutions within a radius of one and a half -miles--Braidentown, Manatee, Palmetto--and Palmasola City, only three -miles distant, will have one as soon as Postmaster Warner shall build an -office to protect the mail matter of that growing city. - -Immediately in the rear of Palmetto is a prairie of several miles in -extent. North-east of the town, about one mile distant in the hammock, -Mr. Hendricks, of Palmetto, has a promising six-years-old orange grove, -grown from seeds planted with his own hands. Mr. Hendricks cultivates -vegetables between the rows of his orange trees, and last year he -realized several hundred dollars by shipping his early tomatoes, -cucumbers and snap-beans to New York and other Northern markets. To Mr. -Hendricks belongs the credit of starting the early vegetable boom in -the Manatee region. - -Mr. David Zehner, from Louisiana, has recently purchased a strip of -scrub hammock, east of the town, where he intends to make the -cultivation of grapes and strawberries a specialty. He has already -received several thousand cuttings and plants of the choicest varieties. -A few miles further eastward, you reach the plantation of Major W. I. -Turner, the god-father of Braidentown, who has forty acres in tomatoes, -cucumbers, squashes and beans. He has already commenced shipping his -vegetables to the Northern markets. - -Half a mile east of Major Turner's is the extensive plantation of Major -George Patten. General Hiram W. Leffingwell, ex-United States Marshal -for the Eastern District of Missouri, has recently purchased 200 acres -of this land, and is negotiating for more. Two of the general's sons, -with their families and an unmarried nephew, are now encamped on the -land, and are busily engaged in erecting dwelling-houses and the -necessary out-buildings. The general and his wife will arrive later in -the season. In addition to the cultivation of the various fruits of the -citrus family, the general will devote his attention to general farm -crops and the growing of early vegetables for the Northern and Western -markets. Another St. Louis gentleman, Mr. C. G. B. Drummond, Assistant -U. S. District Attorney, has purchased 120 acres of land on the Rogers' -hammock near Oak Hill, on which he will set out an orange grove this -summer. - -Mr. H. O. Cannon, a California Argonaut, and late resident of New -Albany, Ind., after having spent several winters prospecting Florida, -has, like a sensible man, concluded to pitch his tent on the Patten -plantation. With this view, he has purchased twenty acres of land, which -he has commenced grubbing and fencing, preparatory to planting an orange -and lemon grove. Mr. C. H. Walworth, of Milwaukee, has purchased twenty -acres of land adjoining Mr. Cannon, which he will have cleared, grubbed -and planted in orange and lemon trees this year. - -In _ante bellum_ times, the present Patten plantation was known first as -the Gamble, and afterward as the Cofield and Davis plantation, and was -the largest and most thoroughly equipped sugar plantation in the State -of Florida. The owners worked 200 hands, and had 1,400 acres of -sugar-cane in one field. Their sugar-mill and refinery contained all the -modern appliances, and, at the commencement of the war, was worth half a -million dollars. Soon after the breaking out of hostilities, most of the -slaves were sent to Louisiana, and work on the plantation was abandoned. -During the last year of the war, a Federal gunboat entered the Manatee -Bay, and a boat's crew, commanded by an officer, blew up the sugar-house -and set fire to the refinery. The destruction was complete; and to-day -may be seen the ponderous fly-wheel of the engine, broken shafts and -crumbling walls--sad mementos of the event. The family mansion, a large -two-story brick structure, with galleries around three sides of both -stories, escaped the hand of the destroyer. Although bearing the -finger-marks of time, it is at this day, a substantial structure, and, -with slight repairs, would weather the storms of another century. -Connected with this old mansion is a history, now for the first time -published. - -Within these walls during the last days of the Southern Confederacy, -when that fabric (on paper) was fast crumbling to pieces, Judah P. -Benjamin, a fugitive from justice, and flying for his life under the -assumed name of Charles Howard, was the guest for nearly two months of -Captain Archibald McNeill, its then occupant. When on that memorable -Sunday, in the spring of 1865, Jeff. Davis and his cabinet hastily fled -from Richmond, Benjamin and Breckinridge struck out for the wilds of -Florida, which seemed to offer a secure retreat. Arrived at Gainsville, -Breckinridge sought refuge on the Atlantic coast, and Benjamin, under -the guidance of Captain L. G. Leslie, started for the Gulf coast, _via_ -Tampa, and arrived safely at the mansion of Captain McNeill. After -remaining nearly two months at Captain McNeill's, Benjamin was conveyed -in a boat to Manatee, and from thence to Sarasoto Bay in a horse-cart, -by Rev. E. Glazier, of Manatee; from thence to Cape Florida in a small -sail-boat, commanded by Captain Fred. Tresca, also a resident of -Manatee. At Cape Florida a larger boat was procured, and after several -hair-breadth escapes from Federal gunboats and the perils of the sea, -Captain Tresca landed his charge safely on one of the islands of the -Bahama group, and returned to Manatee $1,500 richer than when he left -home. Benjamin reached England safely, where he has acquired fame and -fortune. Should this page by chance meet his eye, he will no doubt be -pleased to learn that Captain McNeill, past threescore and ten, has -retired from active life and settled in Manatee, surrounded by a large -family. Captain Tresca, or Captain "Fred.," as he is called by his -friends, lives with his wife and two children on a small plantation near -Braidentown. Although he counts his years away up among the nineties, he -is still a well-preserved "old salt." Rev. E. Glazier is still a -resident of Manatee, and looks as though he had renewed his lease of -life for another half century. Judas betrayed his Master for the paltry -sum of thirty pieces of silver. Twenty-five thousand dollars was the -price offered by the United States Government for the _corpus_ of the -fugitive. The example of Judas was not followed by those who assisted -Benjamin to escape. - -There are more than a thousand acres of the rich hammock land belonging -to this plantation for sale at from $15 to $25 per acre, according to -location. When the fact that it cost originally $75 per acre to clear -this land, is taken into consideration, it will be seen that the price -at which it is now offered is very low, and places it within the reach -of persons of small means. The land will be sold in lots to suit -purchasers. - -Adjoining the grounds of the Patten mansion is the residence of Hamet J. -Craig, who has a young orange grove of three hundred trees and ten acres -of hammock land under cultivation. Five miles further on, in a -north-easterly direction, is Oak Hill, the former residence of Major W. -I. Turner. At this place the major has a bearing orange grove of several -hundred trees, and also one of the most promising six-years-old groves -of six hundred trees to be found in the Manatee region. Adjoining Major -Turner is the grove of Walter Tresca, just coming into bearing, and near -by is the young grove of Mr. William Gillett. - -Terraceia Island, separated from Snead's Island by a narrow channel, is -bounded on the west by Tampa Bay, on the north by Frog Creek, and on the -east by Terraceia Bay. This island contains several tracts of excellent -hammock land, most of which is under improvement. On this island are -located the bearing orange groves of Messrs. Hallock, Lennard and -Williams; Messrs. Kennedy, Howard, Gifford, Watkins, Hobart, Patten and -Wyatt are also located on this island. Judge Cessna, of Gainesville, has -recently purchased a plantation on the island, and will soon locate -there. Other persons on the line of the Transit Railroad having become -disgusted with frost and ice, are seeking homes in the Manatee region. -On the mainland, on the east side, and about midway of Terraceia Bay, is -the plantation of Mr. John Craig. Mr. Craig raises the finest cane and -has the reputation of making the best sugar in Manatee County. - -A short distance north of Terraceia Island, on the mainland, Hernando De -Soto, fresh from the conquest of Peru, where he was associated with -Francisco Pizarro, landed his troops in the latter part of May, 1539. He -sailed from Havana on Sunday, May 18th, 1539, with his troops embarked -in five large ships, two caravels and two brigantines. The disastrous -fate of his predecessors in Florida cast no gloom on the mind of De -Soto, and his assurances of success imparted confidence to those who -accompanied him. He had never been defeated in battle, and was believed -by his soldiers to be invincible. His officers were men of valor and -ripe experience, and his troops were well disciplined, a majority of -them having served in many campaigns, and all were well acquainted with -Indian warfare. - -His wife, Dona Isabella, did not share his enthusiasm, and desired to -accompany him and share the dangers she believed he was about to -encounter; but De Soto strenuously opposed her wishes, and encouraged -her to believe that the time of reunion was not far distant. The -conquest of Florida appeared to De Soto to be an easy task, from which -he could soon return with large accessions of wealth and glory. - -Contrary and baffling winds kept the squadron tossing about in the Gulf -of Mexico for several days. De Soto and his troops obtained their first -view of the Land of Flowers on the morning of the 25th day of May, and -in the afternoon of the same day they came to anchor about two leagues -from the shore. The shoals which extended along the coast prevented the -ships from coming nearer. They had, in the meantime, been discovered by -the natives, who had kindled beacon-fires along the beach, now known as -Pinellas, as signals to collect their forces and be in readiness to -repel their enemies. De Soto's vessels were anchored off the mouth of -Tampa Bay, called by the Spaniards the Bay of Espiritu Santo. - -The Natchez, who inhabited the neighboring country, were governed by a -chief named Ucita, whose hatred of the Spaniards is easily explained. -When Pamphilo de Narvaez visited this region in 1528, he was kindly -received and hospitably entertained by the Chief Ucita, and a treaty of -peace between them was formed; yet, on a very slight pretense, the wily -and bloodthirsty Pamphilo caused the chief's nose to be cut off, and his -aged mother to be torn to pieces by dogs! Hence, the reason why Ucita -displayed implacable resentment in his behavior to De Soto and his -companions in arms. - -Thus, it will be seen that from the earliest history of our country, the -aborigines have been treated with the most impolitic and -unchristian-like barbarity; and it is highly probable that much of that -ferocity which characterizes the Indians of the far West at this time, -may be ascribed to the harsh and merciless treatment which their -ancestors received from the early Spanish explorers, who acted on the -principle that the Indians had no rights that a white man was bound to -respect. - -Wishing to avoid a collision with the Indians at that time, De Soto -weighed anchor, and proceeded with his fleet two leagues further up the -bay, where he disembarked his troops in boats. The place where he landed -was on the eastern shore of Hillsborough Bay, above the mouth of the -Little Manatee River, and near the line which separates Hillsborough and -Manatee Counties. - -The Indians being anxious to get rid of De Soto and his followers, -informed them that _El Dorado_, for which they were seeking, was further -northward. De Soto sent his ships back to Havana, and commenced his -toilsome march overland, which ended with his death and burial in the -Mississippi River, on the 5th day of June, 1542, three years and one -month after the date of his arrival in Tampa Bay. - -[Illustration: SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE. - -The Residence of SAMUEL C. UPHAM, Braidentown, Florida.] - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - - "SUNNYSIDE"--ORANGE AND BANANA GROVES--LEMONS AND LIMES--COFFEE - TREES AND PINE-APPLES--CALIFORNIA GRAPES--QUALITY OF THE LAND--MODE - OF CULTIVATION--FLORIDA, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE--INCREASED - PRODUCTION--BETTER AND CHEAPER TRANSPORTATION--INTERROGATORIES AND - ANSWERS. - - -Having given the reader a hasty outline of the Manatee region, I will -add a brief _resume_ of my personal experience at "Sunnyside" during the -past eighteen months. On my arrival in Braidentown, in the fall of 1879, -my land was a "howling wilderness." At this time I have a young orange -grove of six hundred trees, sixty lemon, fifteen lime, ten guava, half a -dozen olive, two soft-shell almond, twenty coffee, four each Japan plum -and persimmon, two pomegranate, two cocoa-nut and four Le Conte pear -trees, all of which are growing luxuriantly. I also have one acre in -bananas and sixty pine-apple plants, both of which will bear fruit next -year. Around the fence inclosing my house lot, I have sixty California -grape-vines of the choicest varieties, viz.: Flaming Tokay, White Muscat -of Alexandria, Mission and Rose of Peru. The vines are looking well, and -will bear fruit next year. - -The land on which I am located is spruce-pine, interspersed with -water-oak and scrub palmetto, which would be pronounced by the average -Floridian worthless. I had at the commencement, and still have, abiding -faith in the white sand of Florida with a mulatto sub-soil. No matter -how white the surface, if underlaid by a mulatto or yellow sub-soil, the -citrus family will thrive. The foliage of my young trees is dark green, -and their vigorous growth astonishes the "crackers," who predicted a -failure. Owing to the mildness of the climate--my location being exempt -from frost--my trees grew all last winter. My orange trees are set in -parallel rows, thirty feet apart each way; the lemon and lime trees -twenty-five feet apart; the bananas twelve feet, and the pineapples two -feet apart. I hoe my grove every two months, and plow it four times a -year. Thus, by keeping the soil constantly tickled with the hoe, my -trees laugh with a bountiful foliage. What I have done, can be performed -by others. There is no secret about the matter. We welcome immigrants -from the frigid North, from the prairies of the West, and from the lands -beyond the sea. To all we say, come and tarry with us. - -Florida, the first State belonging to the Union, discovered and settled -by Europeans, has, during the past 350 years, been hustled about from -pillar to post like a shuttle-cock. The repeated Indian wars from 1816 -to 1858, rendered life so insecure, that the early settlers literally -carried their lives in their hands. Is it then a matter of surprise that -Florida is so sparsely populated? Mr. J. S. Adams, former Commissioner -of Immigration, truthfully remarks: "The wonder truly is, not that she -has not attained a more flourishing condition, but that she exists at -all, and that her boundless forests, her lovely rivers and her beautiful -lakes are not fast locked in the silent embrace of a moveless -desolation." Since slavery, which rested like an incubus of original sin -on the soil of Florida, has been removed, immigration has been pouring -in from the North and the West, and from the isles of the ocean. -Germany, Italy, France and England have each furnished their quota, and -the forests along the line of the railroads, as well as those accessible -by steamboats, are beginning to show the effects of an advanced -civilization. The gigantic undertaking of draining Lake Okeechobee and -the Everglades, together with the construction of a ship canal, -connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Gulf of Mexico, by Mr. Hamilton -Disston, of Philadelphia, and his coadjutors, is proof positive that a -new era is beginning to dawn on the Land of Flowers, and, ere many -years, the southern portion of the State will be one vast orange grove, -interspersed with the guava, lemon, lime, pine-apple and banana. I hear -the skeptic say: "You will overstock the market, and your fruit will not -pay the cost of transportation." The orange _par excellence_ can be -grown _only_ in the soil of Florida, therefore competition with foreign -countries need not be feared. Florida will soon be able to supply the -cities of the Mediterranean with a superior fruit to that grown on their -own shores, and more cheaply. Increased production and transportation -will cause a corresponding reduction in freight, and also insure greater -and better facilities in the modes of transportation. There will also be -a large reduction in price to the consumer, which will enable the man of -limited means--in other words, the poor man--to indulge with the -millionaire in the daily luxury of the golden apple of the -Hesperides--the Florida orange. The above may be deemed by some persons -chimerical, but time, the great arbiter of events, will solve the -problem. - -By every mail I am in receipt of letters asking all manner of questions -in relation to the climate, soil, productions, etc., of this part of -Florida. At first I cheerfully complied with the requests of my numerous -correspondents, but the novelty has worn off, and the task has become -slightly monotonous. Recently, I received a four-page capsheet letter -from a gentleman in Utah Territory, to which was appended seventeen -interrogatories in relation to the Gulf Coast of South Florida. That -straw broke the camel's back, and, in reply to the following question: -"I see by the last census that Manatee County has a population of over -4,000, and not a death recorded for 1880. Do people ever die there?" I -wrote immediately, "Hardly ever. When we want to start a graveyard, we -kill a man." I am firmly impressed with the belief that my Mormon -correspondent, with a "family of ten persons," will not immigrate to the -Land of Flowers. Below will be found twenty-five questions in relation -to Florida, from correspondents the "wide world over," with answers -appended: - -1st. "At any time of the year do you have severe storms of thunder and -lightning?" - -During the rainy season, thunder showers, accompanied by lightning, -frequently occur, but they are not more severe than in the Northern and -Western States. - -2d. "Are venomous reptiles numerous?" - -During my residence and travels in Florida, I have never seen a -rattlesnake; I have seen a few moccasin, garter, coachwhip and -blacksnakes. The two latter are harmless, and are seldom killed by the -natives. Alligators are not numerous in this vicinity, and are -comparatively harmless. Scorpions and centipedes are seldom met with. -Their sting is no more severe than that of a bee. - -3d. "Is the land about Braidentown sandy or clayey?" - -The land on the margin of the bay is sandy; further back in the hammock, -the soil is dark gray and chocolate color, underlaid with clay and -limestone. - -4th. "Are the people mostly Northern?" - -Like an Englishman's favorite beverage, they are 'alf-and-'alf. - -5th. "What is the name of your nearest town of any importance?" - -Have no towns of "importance" in this section of the country; they are -in the womb of time--not hatched yet. - -6th. "What is the character of your society?" - -Mixed. - -7th. "Do you consider Florida as healthy as California?" - -I consider this Manatee region the sanitarium of the world. A more -healthful spot cannot be found on God's footstool. - -8th. "Do malarial fevers prevail in your section any time during the -year?" - -In the rich, low hammock lands, where vegetation is rank, malarial -fevers exist in the fall of the year. Chills and fever here yield more -readily to proper medical treatment than in the West. Pine land is -exempt from malaria. - -9th. "Does the summer heat prove enervating?" - -That depends on a man's constitution. If born tired, yes. - -10th. "Is it true that the summer weather with you is more -pleasant--less oppressive--than at the North?" - -Yes; the thermometer rarely registers more than 96 deg.. It reached that -point only twice last summer. - -11th. "Are the nights in summer always cool?" - -Generally; sometimes cooler than in the winter. - -12th. "Can you work out of doors during the day in summer time?" - -Yes, when it does not rain. I have not seen a day too hot to work out of -doors since my arrival in Florida. - -13th. "Do the crops of vegetables and grass burn under the summer sun?" - -We don't raise vegetables in the summer. Our vegetables are grown in the -winter and spring, when the land at the North is locked fast in the -embrace of frost and ice. The grass here is very nutritious, and large -herds of cattle fatten on it. This section of country supplies Cuba with -beef. - -14th. "Are insects--fleas and mosquitoes--more troublesome than at the -North?" - -Fleas sometimes make it lively with us; but there are fewer mosquitoes -in this locality than in a majority of the Northern States. - -15th. "Do you consider Manatee County one of the best to settle in?" - -It suits me better than any other part of Florida. You might go further -and fare worse. - -16th. "Do you think the Gulf Coast equal to the Atlantic Coast for -climate, health, etc.?" - -Yes; far superior. - -17th. "What is the price of land in your section?" - -That depends upon quality and location. Here, in the settlement of -Braidentown, land is selling at from $25 to $100 per acre. A short -distance back of the town, pine land can be purchased at from $1.50 to -$5 per acre; and hammock land at $10 per acre. Across the bay, nearly -opposite Manatee, on the Patten plantation, good hammock land, once -under cultivation, can be purchased at from $15 to $25 per acre, -according to location. This land is being rapidly metamorphosed into -vegetable gardens, whose products--tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, peas, -etc.--reach the Northern markets during the month of March. - -18th. "What are the business prospects for a new-comer?" - -That will depend a great deal on the "new-comer." Come, investigate and -judge for yourself. - -19. "Can sugar-cane be grown to advantage in your neighborhood? and what -amount of sugar can be made to the acre?" - -The Manatee region is the natural home of the sugar-cane. Here it -tassels, and consequently fully matures. Florida is the only State of -the Union in which the cane tassels. When the Cofield and Davis, now -Patten plantation, was in full operation, the average product was two -hogsheads of sugar to the acre. The cane here ratoons from six to eight -years. - -20th. "What is the cost of clearing land?" - -That depends on the quality of the land. The average pine land can be -cleared and grubbed at from $10 to $20 per acre. Hammock land will cost -double that price. - -21st. "Can lumber be had on the Manatee, and if so, at what price?" - -Heart-pine lumber, suitable for fencing or building purposes, can be had -here at $15 per M. Light wood posts can be purchased at $10 per hundred. - -22d. "What is the price of labor in your vicinity?" - -Colored laborers can be hired at from $15 to $20 per month, with board -or rations. The price is $1 per day when the laborer boards himself. - -23d. "Are fish, oysters and game plentiful?" - -Our rivers and bayous are literally alive with mullet--the mackerel of -the South. Sea-trout (black bass), jack-fish, sheepshead, red-fish, -angel-fish, drum and pompino can also be had in abundance in the water -around Palm Key, at the mouth of the bay. Oysters and clams of a -superior quality can be had in Terraceia and Sarasoto Bays. Deer, -squirrels, quail and wild turkeys abound in the adjoining hammocks. - -24th. "Can you refer me to any person in your vicinity whose health has -been benefited by the climate?" - -Yes; several. Rev. Edmund Lee, of Manatee, arrived here forty-five years -ago, a confirmed invalid; in fact, nearly gone with pulmonary -consumption. On his first arrival he was so weak that it required -considerable effort to pull a mullet off a grid-iron. The healthfulness -of the climate, together with out-door exercise and a clear conscience, -have enabled him to fight the flesh and the devil successfully to the -present time. He is at this time a well-preserved patriarch of -seventy-two years; has outlived two wives, and bids fair to remain many -years longer on this side of Jordan. - -Mr. John M. Helm, residing some three miles south-east of Braidentown, -arrived from Windsor, Ind., about four years since. He also was nearly -gone with consumption. One lung was hepatized, and on the other a -tubercle formed, and discharged after his arrival here. Physicians at -the West pronounced his case hopeless--beyond the reach of medicine--and -recommended the climate of Florida as a last resort. He is now a well -man, and can hoe more orange trees in a day, and hoe them better, than -any man I know in Florida. - -Two years ago I arrived here, clad in porous-plasters, suffering with -chronic rheumatism. Two months later I was as frisky as a lamb in spring -time. I am convinced that my old complaint has left me never to return, -so long as I remain here. I could record other cases, but the above must -suffice for the present. - -25th. "State the most direct route to Braidentown." - -By rail to Cedar Key, the terminus of railroad communication, thence by -the boats of the Tampa Steamship Company to this place. A boat leaves -Cedar Key on Monday and Friday afternoon of each week, and arrives at -Braidentown early on the following morning. Fare, $8. The above is the -advertised programme, but it is sometimes changed to suit wind and -weather. Captains Jackson and Doane are thorough seamen, and do -everything in their power to render passengers comfortable. Whatever may -be the opinion of travelers in regard to the speed and accommodations of -the boats, they will unanimously agree that the fare--$8 for a distance -of less than 100 miles--is _first-class_. A line of light draught, -modern-built and comfortably fitted-up steamboats, between Cedar Key and -Braidentown, would be liberally patronized. Shall we have the boats? -Echo repeats the question. - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - - FLORIDA LETTER PUBLISHED IN A CALIFORNIA PAPER--EDITORIAL - REMARKS--THE "FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH"--THE MANATEE RIVER AND ITS - SURROUNDINGS--TROPICAL FRUITS--GAME AND FISH--THE SPORTSMAN'S - PARADISE--LETTER TO THE EDITRESS OF THE "PHILADELPHIA SUNDAY - TIMES"--THE LAND OF PROMISE--SUNSTROKE AND HYDROPHOBIA - UNKNOWN--COOL NIGHTS DURING THE "DOG DAYS"--PREPARING THE LAND AND - PLANTING AN ORANGE GROVE--THE FLORIDA ORANGE--ROUTE TO THE - MANATEE--CLIMATE OF THE GULF COAST OF SOUTH FLORIDA--RECORD OF - THERMOMETER AND RAINFALL FOR THE YEAR 1880--NO FROST--REPORT IN - RELATION TO THE EFFECTS OF THE FREEZE ON THE ATLANTIC COAST IN - DECEMBER LAST. - - -As the following letters and communications have a direct bearing on the -Manatee region, the reader will pardon their republication. Among the -chaff perchance may be found a few grains of information that will pay -for the perusal. The first letter was written to a personal friend in -the city of New York, who forwarded it to the San Francisco _Examiner_. -It was first published in that paper with the following editorial -remarks; - - "Old Californians are not unfamiliar with the name of Mr. Samuel C. - Upham, an editor upon this coast in the early days, and, of late, - the author of a work entitled _Voyage to California via Cape Horn, - and Scenes in El Dorado in 1849 and 1850_. We are permitted to copy - a letter from that gentleman, written in his humorous style, and - addressed to an old Californian friend, which may prove of interest - to others." - -PHILADELPHIA, _June 16th, 1879_. - - FRIEND C---- : I owe you a letter, and the following is what I have - to say: You are aware that I went South last winter for the benefit - of my health, and that I returned in the spring as frisky as a - lamb. The late hot weather has pulled me down considerably, and I - sigh for the Land of Flowers, where Ponce de Leon searched for the - fountain of youth, and Upham found it. I was so charmed with the - climate of the Gulf Coast of South Florida, that, while there last - winter, I purchased 225 acres of land on the Manatee River, fifty - miles south of Tampa, and Mrs. U. and myself are going down to that - land of promise the coming fall, to plant an orange grove, and sit - under our own vine, orange and eucalyptus trees. It is a delightful - country, away down below "frost line," where the pine-apple, - banana, guava, sapadillo, pomegranate, date, cocoa-nut, orange, - lime and lemon grow almost spontaneously. The rivers are - overflowing with fish, and the forests are overrun with game. - Roasted wild turkeys run about with carving-knives and forks - sticking in their backs, and ask to be eaten. The country now is a - trifle wild, but will soon become tamed and civilized. The people - are hospitable, and welcome all classes of strangers, with the - exception of "carpet-baggers." They have been tried and found - wanting. - - I shall locate in the village--if two stores and four houses can be - dignified by that name--of Braidentown, Manatee County, Florida. - The place is scarcely twelve months old, but is bound to be heard - from--after I locate there. The climate is delightful--sort of an - earthly Paradise. The thermometer during the winter months ranges - from 70 deg. to 75 deg., and in summer rarely exceeds 90 deg., with a - sea-breeze blowing constantly either from the Atlantic or the Gulf. - The nights in summer are invariably cool, and one can lie - comfortably under blankets during "dog days." - - I do not expect to make money in Florida, but I do expect to enjoy - better health than in this city; hence the reason of my exodus. I - shall, first off, plant an orange grove of 500 trees, which, in - eight years, barring accidents, ought to yield me a handsome - revenue. Should I "shuffle off this mortal coil" before these - orange trees commence bearing, I shall feel disappointed--that's - all. I think the change will give me a renewed lease of life; and, - as I intend to plant three-years-old trees, I think the chances are - rather in my favor. The Good Book says: "What does it profit a man - if he gain the whole world and lose his own life?" I am not - prepared to "hand in my checks" just yet; hence my change of base. - I have been watching and praying the past four or five years for - the "good time coming" to put in an appearance, but it has not - arrived, and will not, I fear, during my sojourn in this vale of - tears. I have a mortal dread of the poor-house. In Florida that - institution is unknown. My eldest son will take charge of my store - and laboratory in this city, so the business will go on without - interruption. As I have spun out this letter to a great length, I - will say domino. - -Truly yours, - -S. C. UPHAM. - - -The following letter was published originally in Taggart's _Philadelphia -Sunday Times_, under the following caption: "Life in Florida. -Interesting letter from Samuel C. Upham, formerly of Philadelphia, but -now located in Florida, addressed to our lady editress. Hints to those -who may wish to visit the Flowery Land." - -RIGHT SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE, - -BRAIDENTOWN, FLA., _June 8th, 1880_. - - MY DEAR MRS. BLADEN: In the _Sunday Times_ of the 30th ult., you - say: - - "Mr. Samuel C. Upham, whose popular songs and wonderful California - experiences render him a Philadelphia celebrity, has a large - plantation near Jacksonville." - - It is pleasing to know, when one is far away, that he is not - entirely forgotten by his friends; but you are slightly mistaken - when you say I own a large orange plantation near Jacksonville. I - am located on the Manatee River, some eight miles above its - entrance into Tampa Bay, on the Gulf coast of South Florida, in - latitude 27-1/2 deg., and below "frost line." I visited Jacksonville - and all the towns and landings on the St. Johns, Halifax and - Matanzas Rivers, and also "did" the Suwanee pretty thoroughly - before locating in Braidentown. I prefer this part of Florida to - the Atlantic coast for the following reasons: Healthfulness of - climate, purity of water and immunity from frost and insects. My - health has improved wonderfully since my arrival in the Land of - Flowers, and I am pretty thoroughly convinced that I have obtained - a new lease of life. The sea breezes that fan my brow at morning, - noon and night, act as a tonic on my enfeebled constitution, and I - am daily gaining strength and muscle. I have to-day worked six - hours in my banana grove, with the thermometer at 90 deg. in the shade, - without experiencing any inconvenience from the heat. The heat is - so modified by the constant sea breeze that one can work in the sun - at all hours of the day and at all seasons of the year. Sunstroke - and hydrophobia are unknown here. This statement can be taken - _without_ salt. In midsummer the nights are invariably cool. - Blankets at night are the rule, not the exception. This much about - location and climate; now, a few words about _that_ orange grove. - - My _ranch_ is new, and consequently rather crude. When I located - here in November last, a large portion of it was a "howling - wilderness." Since that time, I have felled the trees, piled the - logs, burned the brush, grubbed and fenced fifteen acres, on ten - acres of which I am now setting out 500 two-years-old sweet - seedling orange trees, which I hope to live long enough to see bear - fruit. Some two months since, I set out 200 banana plants, and they - are doing remarkably well; many of the stalks are six feet in - height. They will bear fruit in about eighteen months. I also have - a patch of sixty pine-apple plants which will bear fruit next year. - I have a few coffee and tea plants, Japan plum and persimmon, - pomegranate, almond and olive trees that are growing luxuriantly. I - brought with me from Philadelphia, half a dozen cocoa-nuts, which I - planted on the 1st of November last, and had given up all hope of - ever seeing them sprout, when, to my great surprise, some two weeks - since, two of them threw up sprouts. They are now one foot high, - and are growing vigorously. The guava thrives admirably here. I - have several trees, and expect soon to luxuriate on guava jelly of - my own manufacture. I will send you a few sample boxes. - - Have you ever eaten a Florida orange, fresh plucked, that ripened - on the tree? If not, visit Florida, and enjoy the greatest luxury - of your life. It is the fruit _par excellence_--fit food for the - gods. I have, in the course of my somewhat eventful life, eaten - oranges in the groves of the Mediterranean, South America, Mexico - and the West Indies, but none can compare with the orange grown in - this State. Our soil is peculiarly adapted to the growth and - maturity of the _perfect_ orange. No other soil can produce it. - The West India and Louisiana seedling orange tree is wonderfully - improved by being transplanted in Florida soil. South Florida will, - ere long, be one vast orange grove, and will supply the world with - her incomparable fruit. She will supply the Mediterranean ports - with better oranges than can possibly be raised in that country. - Won't that be "carrying coals to Newcastle?" I may not live to see - the above prediction verified, but there are persons living at this - time who will. - - If any of your numerous friends think it would be a good thing to - have an orange grove, advise them to visit the Gulf coast of South - Florida before locating elsewhere. Also tell them to drop in at - Braidentown. They may go further and fare worse. The most direct - route to this place is by rail to Cedar Key, the present terminus - of railroad communication, thence by steamer down the coast. The - mail steamers leave Cedar Key twice a week for this place and - Tampa. Leave Cedar Key at 4 o'clock P. M. on Monday and Friday of - each week, and arrive at Braidentown at 7 o'clock the following - morning. _Au revoir._ - -S. C. UPHAM. - -The following communication was published in the _Florida Agriculturist_ -in January last, under the caption of the "_Climate of the Gulf Coast of -South Florida_." - - Having kept a record of the state of the thermometer at 6 o'clock - A. M., 12 o'clock M. and 6 o'clock P. M. at Braidentown, Manatee - County, Florida, from the 1st day of January to the 31st day of - December, 1880, inclusive, I herewith inclose you a synopsis of the - same for publication in the _Agriculturist_, with the hope that it - may interest your numerous readers, especially those in the - Northern and Western States who are seeking homes in - - The land of the orange and guava, - The pine-apple, date and cassava. - - I also send a statement of the rainfall for the year 1880. - - - TEMPERATURE. - - Average temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 71-1/3 deg. - - Average temperature at 12 o'clock M., 83-2/3 deg. - - Average temperature at 6 o'clock P. M., 78-7/8 deg. - - Highest temperature at 12 o'clock M., 96 deg. - July 1st and August 26th, - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 38 deg. - Dec. 31st, - - - RAINFALL. - - ------------+-------------------------- - |Rainy Days. - | |Clear Days. - | | |Cloudy and Partly - | | | Cloudy Days. - ------------+---+---+------------------ - January, | 5| 19| 12 - February, | 3| 24| 5 - March, | 3| 24| 7 - April, | 1| 29| 1 - May, | 12| 4| 27 - June, | 18| 8| 22 - July, | 12| 6| 25 - August, | 18| 8| 23 - September, | 13| 15| 15 - October, | 10| 19| 12 - November, | 3| 15| 15 - December, | 6| 17| 14 - +---+---+------------------ - Total, |104|188|177 - ------------+---+---+------------------ - - Rainfall during year, 69-1/2 inches. - - * * * * * - - At least one-half the days classed as "cloudy and partly cloudy" - were clear one-half of the day, and a majority of the "rainy days" - were clear three-fourths of the day. During the gale on the 29th - and 30th of last August, which was so destructive on the Atlantic - coast of the State, rain fell here almost uninterruptedly for - nearly forty-eight hours, but the wind did little or no damage. The - rainfall during the two days was six and one-half inches, the - heaviest of the season. I have resided here during the past - fourteen months, and, up to this time (January 7th, 1881), there - has been _no frost_, and my tropical fruits and plants have grown - luxuriantly every month of the year. The year just closed, in its - dying throes, kicked the mercury in the thermometer down to 38 deg., - and a slight frost occurred on the opposite side of the Manatee - River, and also in the hammock four or five miles south-east of - Braidentown. The water protection--being surrounded on three sides - by the aqueous fluid--has rendered Braidentown _exempt from frost_. - - Although the rainfall of 1880 has been some nine inches in excess - of the average rainfall in this State, I have passed one of the - most agreeable summers of my life. While the denizens of the St. - Johns and Atlantic coast are shivering in the chilling blasts of - winter, we on the Gulf coast of South Florida are basking in the - sun, with a temperature of 65 deg. at 6 o'clock A. M., 75 deg. at 12 - o'clock M. and 70 deg. at 6 o'clock P. M. If any locality north of - latitude 27-1/2 deg. can present a more favorable record, Braidentown - will yield the palm. - - _Nous verrons._ - -S. C. UPHAM. - -SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE, -BRAIDENTOWN, FLA., Jan. 7th, 1881. - - -BRAIDENTOWN, SOUTH FLORIDA. - -_Editor of the Florida Agriculturist_: - -Several of your Northern and Western subscribers who read the -communication I published in the AGRICULTURIST in January last, giving a -synopsis of the climate of the Manatee region during the year 1880, and -which was reproduced in my recently published book, "Notes from -Sunland," have requested me to publish in your journal a statement of -the thermometer, rainfall etc., in Braidentown for the year 1881. I have -furnished the desired information as briefly as possible: - -TEMPERATURE. - - Average temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 71-1/8 deg. - Average temperature at 12 o'clock M., 83 deg. - Average temperature at 6 o'clock P. M., 78-3/4 deg. - Highest temperature at 12 o'clock M., July 7th - and August 4th, 96 deg. - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock, A. M., January 26th - and November 25th, 44 deg. - - ==========+=========+=======+==========+===== - | |Days on|Cloudy and| - | | which |Partially | - | | Rain | Cloudy |Clear - |Rainfall.| Fell. | Days |Days. - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - January, |5-1/8 in.| 12 | 17 | 14 - February, |2-1/2 in.| 4 | 6 | 22 - March, |2-1/2 in.| 5 | 8 | 23 - April, |2-1/4 in.| 3 | 5 | 25 - May, |2-3/4 in.| 5 | 9 | 22 - June, |6-1/4 in.| 8 | 12 | 18 - July, |4-1/2 in.| 17 | 22 | 9 - August, |5-1/2 in.| 11 | 22 | 9 - September,|4-3/4 in.| 12 | 19 | 12 - October, |1-1/2 in.| 5 | 7 | 24 - November, |2-1/4 in.| 5 | 11 | 19 - December, |2-1/4 in.| 8 | 18 | 12 - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - Total, | 42-1/8 | 95 | 156 |209 - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - -When the difference of rainfall for the years 1880 and '81 is taken into -consideration, the equability of the temperature for the two years is a -surprising and strange coincidence, there being less than one degree -Fahrenheit in the average temperature of the two years. The rainfall for -the year 1881 was 18 inches below the average on the Gulf coast, which -is 60 inches, the difference between the years 1880 and '81 being 27-1/2 -inches; that of 1880 being 9-1/2 inches in excess of the average -rainfall. Although we had, comparatively speaking, no "rainy season" -last year, vegetation and crops have not suffered from drouth. The -vegetable gardeners hereabout were never more sanguine of large crops. -Cucumbers, squashes, and turnips have already been shipped by them to -New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and tomatoes in abundance will -follow next month. Several truckmen from Fairbanks and other places on -the Transit Railroad are this year engaged in raising early vegetables -in the hammocks bordering the Manatee. - -The mercury in the thermometer reached 96 degrees only twice the past -year; and the lowest point indicated was 44 degrees on the morning of -the 26th of January and 25th of November--12 degrees above the freezing -point. We had no frost during the year. My alligator pears, cherimoyas, -custard apples, sapodillas, sour sops, pine-apples, cocoanut trees, and -other tropical fruits are growing luxuriantly; and my wife's camelia -japonicas, hibiscus, and rose bushes in the open air, are in full bloom. -In conclusion, allow me to reiterate what I said last year: "If any -locality north of latitude 27-1/2 degrees can present a more favorable -record, Braidentown will yield the palm." - -S. C. UPHAM. - -_January 2d, 1882._ - - -SYNOPSIS OF THE WEATHER RECORD AT BRAIDENTOWN FOR THE YEAR 1882. - -During a three years' residence in Braidentown, I have kept a -thermometrical record of the weather, also a register of the rainfall. A -synopsis of my observations for the years 1880 and '81 was published in -the _Florida Agriculturist_, in the months of January, 1881 and '82. In -my "Notes from Sunland," published in the fall of 1881, I gave -meteorological tables of the temperature and rainfall at Braidentown, -commencing with the month of January, 1880, and ending with March, -1881--fifteen months. In those tables I gave the record of the -thermometer at 6 o'clock A. M., 12 o'clock M., and 6 o'clock P. M. For -the information of my readers, and also of numerous correspondents at -the North and West, I publish the following summary of the temperature -and rainfall for the year 1882: - -TEMPERATURE. - - Average temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 71 deg. - Average temperature at 12 o'clock M., 83 deg. - Average temperature at 6 o'clock P. M., 78 deg. - Highest temperature at 12 o'clock M., July 19th, 96 deg. - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., December 17th, 38 deg. - - ============================================= - | |Days on|Cloudy and| - | | which |Partially | - | | Rain | Cloudy |Clear - |Rainfall.| Fell. | Days. |Days. - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - January, |2-1/2 in.| 5 | 9 | 22 - February, |1-1/2 in.| 3 | 6 | 22 - March, | 5/8 in.| 4 | 10 | 21 - April, |3-7/8 in.| 7 | 20 | 10 - May, |1-5/8 in.| 6 | 19 | 12 - June, |7 in.| 10 | 23 | 7 - July, |7-1/4 in.| 20 | 22 | 9 - August, |7-1/2 in.| 15 | 15 | 16 - September,|2-1/8 in.| 9 | 13 | 17 - October, |3-5/8 in.| 9 | 11 | 20 - November, |1-1/2 in.| 5 | 11 | 19 - December, |4-1/4 in.| 8 | 12 | 19 - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - Total, | 43-1/2 | 101 | 171 | 194 - ----------+---------+-------+----------+----- - -Although the difference in the rainfall between the year 1880 and the -years 1881 and '82, was 27-1/2 inches in the former and 26-1/2 inches in -the latter year, there was not a change of one degree Fahrenheit in the -mean temperature of the three years, which indicates a remarkable -equability of temperature. From the above it would seem that the -temperature is not governed by the rainfall. In 1880, rain fell on 104 -days; in 1881, on 95 days, and on 101 days in 1882. - -In 1880 there were 177 cloudy and partially cloudy days; 156 in 1881, -and 171 in 1882. In 1880 there were 188 clear days; 209 in '81, and 194 -in '82. The days on which rain fell were seldom rainy days, in the -common acceptation of the term. Showers from one-half to one hour's -duration were the rule, and an occasional rainy day the exception. - -The highest temperature recorded during the three years was 96 deg. at 12 -o'clock M., on the 1st of July and 26th of August, 1880; July 7th and -August 4th, 1881, and on July 19th, 1882. The lowest temperature during -the three years, was 38 deg. at 6 o'clock A. M., on December 31st, 1880; 44 deg. -on January 26th and November 25th, 1881, and 38 deg. on December 17th, 1882. -Braidentown being surrounded on three sides by water, has, during the -past three years, escaped damage by frost, although we do not claim to -be below the mythical "frost line." The hammocks on the opposite side of -the Manatee River, and on Orange and Bee Ridges, south of Braidentown, -have been visited by frost, and vegetation and tropical fruits have been -injured. - -From the ravages of hurricanes, tornadoes, and cyclones which -occasionally visit the Atlantic coast, and sweep across the northern and -extreme southern portions of our State, we are comparatively free. That -portion of the Gulf coast of South Florida, lying between Clear Water -and Charlotte Harbor, has, for some unexplained reason--probably the -piety of its inhabitants--been exempt from hurricanes and tornadoes -during the past forty years. I do not believe that the Manatee region is -fully entitled to the appellation of Paradise; but I do believe that our -citizens are as near that beatific place as they ever will be while in -the flesh. If any one knows of a more desirable location on earth, or in -the waters under the earth, I shall be pleased to record the fact. - -S. C. UPHAM. - -_January 3d, 1883._ - - -SUNNYSIDE COTTAGE, -BRAIDENTOWN, FLA., _Feb. 5th, 1881_. - -D. H. ELLIOTT, ESQ., -Sec. "_Florida Fruit Growers' Association_," -JACKSONVILLE, FLA., - -DEAR SIR: In the Report of the Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting -of the "Florida Fruit Growers' Association," held in Jacksonville on the -27 ult., and published in the _Daily Union_ of that city on the -following morning, the annexed resolution was published, with the name -of your humble servant appended as one of the committee: - -"_Resolved_, That a committee he appointed to investigate the effects of -the late freeze on the orange and other fruits and vegetables; said -committee to report to the secretary at Jacksonville at the earliest -practicable moment." - -Having received no official notice of my appointment to serve on the -aforesaid committee, I have resolved myself into a committee of one, and -have the honor to respectfully report as follows: - -The old and trite aphorism--"If the mountain will not come to Mahomet, -Mahomet must go to the mountain"--seems peculiarly applicable to the -above resolution. Ergo, if the orange and other fruits of the citrus -family will not thrive 'mid frost and ice, cultivate them in a more -genial climate. With the experience of last fall and the present winter -before me, together with a careful investigation of the climatology of -Florida during the past fifty years, I have come to the conclusion that -the fruits comprising the citrus family cannot be _successfully_ -cultivated in this State north of the 28th parallel of latitude, and the -sooner and more widely this fact is promulgated, the better it will be -for all persons interested or about to become interested in this -laudable and growing industry. The fact that the late freeze killed the -scale insects on the orange trees in middle and north Florida, is _cold_ -comfort for those engaged in orange culture. There are fruits better -adapted to the climate of Florida north of latitude 28 deg. than the orange, -lemon, lime, guava, banana and pine-apple. Why, then, persist in -endeavoring to cultivate those fruits with so dim a prospect of success? -It is kicking against the pricks, hoping against hope. In conclusion, -plant your orange, lemon, lime and banana groves below the 28th parallel -of latitude, tickle the soil constantly with the hoe, and success will -crown your efforts. So mote it be. - -S. C. UPHAM. - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of January, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 65 | 80 | 76 | E. | 1/8 in. |Cloudy A. M., clear P. M. - 2 | 64 | 78 | 76 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 3 | 68 | 82 | 74 | E. | ---- |A. M. clear, P. M. cloudy. - 4 | 64 | 80 | 77 | E. | ---- |Clear with strong E. wind. - 5 | 66 | 80 | 74 |S. E.| ---- |Clear A. M., cloudy P. M. - 6 | 64 | 80 | 74 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 7 | 62 | 80 | 72 |N. W.| ---- | " - 8 | 62 | 78 | 70 | W. | ---- |Cloudy. - 9 | 62 | 82 | 72 | W. | ---- |Clear. - 10 | 61 | 84 | 75 | E. | ---- | " - 11 | 62 | 82 | 72 | E. | ---- | " - 12 | 62 | 82 | 74 | E. | ---- | " - 13 | 64 | 74 | 70 |N. E.| ---- | " - 14 | 58 | 78 | 73 | E. | ---- | " - 15 | 58 | 78 | 72 | S. | ---- | " - 16 | 55 | 86 | 68 | E. | ---- | " - 17 | 58 | 78 | 72 | W. | ---- | " - 18 | 55 | 76 | 66 |N. W.| ---- | " - 19 | 52 | 74 | 70 | E. | ---- | " - 20 | 53 | 78 | 68 |S. W.| ---- | " - 21 | 56 | 78 | 70 | S. | ---- |Cloudy. - 22 | 64 | 76 | 72 | S. | 2 in. |Rain A. M., clear P. M. - 23 | 65 | 82 | 56 | W. | 1/8 in. | " " " " - 24 | 54 | 58 | 58 |N. W.| 3/4 in. |Clear A. M., rain P. M. - 25 | 58 | 73 | 70 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 26 | 71 | 78 | 70 |S. W.| 1/2 in. |Rain A. M., clear P. M. - 27 | 64 | 68 | 62 | W. | ---- |Cloudy. - 28 | 58 | 66 | 63 |N. W.| ---- | " - 29 | 58 | 80 | 72 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 30 | 63 | 86 | 70 |S. E.| ---- | " - 31 | 62 | 80 | 70 | W. | ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,788 | 2,315 | 2,168 | -- |3-1/2 in.| - Av'ge| 57-1/3| 74-3/4| 70 | -- | -- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 19th inst 52 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 16th and 30th insts 86 deg. - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of February, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 64 | 76 | 63 |N. W.| ---- |Cloudy. - 2 | 62 | 80 | 73 | S. | 1/8 in. |Rain at night. Strong wind - | | | | | | all day. - 3 | 66 | 70 | 62 |N. W.| ---- |Wind has blown a gale - | | | | | | all day. - 4 | 46 | 72 | 58 |S. E.| ---- |Clear A. M., cloudy P. M. - 5 | 56 | 80 | 74 | E. | 1/8 in. |Rain during night, clear - | | | | | | all day. - 6 | 52 | 68 | 62 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 7 | 55 | 74 | 64 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 8 | 62 | 80 | 70 | W. | ---- | " - 9 | 60 | 74 | 68 | E. | ---- | " - 10 | 58 | 86 | 72 | W. | ---- | " - 11 | 57 | 83 | 76 | E. | ---- | " - 12 | 62 | 82 | 74 | W. | ---- | " - 13 | 66 | 79 | 74 | S. | ---- |Clear. Wind blowing a gale. - 14 | 72 | 80 | 75 | S. | 1 in. |Rain during night, cloudy - | | | | | | all day. - 15 | 63 | 74 | 63 |N. E.| ---- |Clear. - 16 | 49 | 78 | 68 | E. | ---- | " - 17 | 58 | 82 | 76 | E. | ---- | " - 18 | 64 | 86 | 74 |S. W.| ---- | " - 19 | 63 | 84 | 70 |N. W.| ---- | " - 20 | 63 | 85 | 72 | E. | ---- | " - 21 | 62 | 77 | 70 | W. | ---- | " - 22 | 67 | 76 | 66 | W. | ---- | " - 23 | 53 | 79 | 69 | W. | ---- | " - 24 | 56 | 81 | 70 | E. | ---- | " - 25 | 60 | 80 | 72 |S. E.| ---- | " - 26 | 62 | 80 | 74 | S. | ---- | " - 27 | 58 | 88 | 74 |N. E.| ---- | " - 28 | 60 | 82 | 72 | W. | ---- | " - 29 | 68 | 87 | 74 |S. E.| ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,744 | 2,303 | 2,034 | -- |1-1/4 in.| - Av'ge| 60-1/8| 79-1/2|70-1/8 | -- | ---- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 4th inst 46 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 27th inst 88 deg. - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of March, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 60 | 79 | 74 | S. | ---- |Clear. - 2 | 64 | 82 | 79 |N. W.| ---- | " - 3 | 68 | 80 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 4 | 67 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 5 | 64 | 83 | 75 |S. W.| ---- | " - 6 | 64 | 83 | 76 | W. | ---- | " - 7 | 73 | 83 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 8 | 68 | 81 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 9 | 76 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 10 | 74 | 84 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 11 | 68 | 84 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 12 | 71 | 86 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 13 | 67 | 86 | 78 | S. | ---- | " - 14 | 72 | 86 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 15 | 69 | 85 | 78 | S. | ---- | " - 16 | 70 | 84 | 78 | S. | ---- |Cloudy. - 17 | 70 | 84 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 18 | 73 | 84 | 78 |S. W.| ---- |Clear. - 19 | 76 | 84 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 20 | 76 | 83 | 74 | E. | 1/8 in. |Rain during night, cloudy - | | | | | | all day. - 21 | 67 | 80 | 74 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 22 | 65 | 81 | 72 | E. | 1/16 in.|Rain during night, cloudy - | | | | | | all day. - 23 | 64 | 75 | 74 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 24 | 63 | 80 | 75 |N. W.| ---- |Clear. - 25 | 63 | 83 | 78 | E. | ---- | " - 26 | 65 | 82 | 78 | E. | ---- | " - 27 | 68 | 82 | 77 |S. W.| ---- | " - 28 | 75 | 72 | 72 | W. | 1/16 in.|Rain A. M., cloudy P. M. - 29 | 69 | 78 | 69 | W. | ---- |Clear. - 30 | 62 | 76 | 74 |S. E.| ---- | " - 31 | 52 | 76 | 74 | E. | ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,093 | 2,530 | 2,359 | -- | 1/4 in. | - Av'ge| 67-1/2|81-3/4 |76-1/8 | -- | -- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 31st inst 52 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 12th, 13th and 14th insts 86 deg. - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of April, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+----------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+----------------- - 1 | 60 | 81 | 72 | W. | ---- |Clear. - 2 | 60 | 79 | 75 | W. | ---- | " - 3 | 67 | 82 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 4 | 70 | 80 | 75 |S. W.| ---- | " - 5 | 69 | 81 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 6 | 65 | 83 | 76 |S. W.| ---- | " - 7 | 68 | 82 | 79 |S. W.| ---- | " - 8 | 68 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| ---- | " - 9 | 70 | 77 | 69 |S. W.| 1/4 in. |Cloudy, with rain - | | | | | | in the evening. - 10 | 59 | 76 | 68 |N. W.| ---- |Clear. - 11 | 65 | 79 | 75 |S. W.| ---- | " - 12 | 65 | 78 | 76 |S. E.| ---- | " - 13 | 58 | 77 | 75 |S. W.| ---- | " - 14 | 62 | 88 | 80 | E. | ---- | " - 15 | 65 | 83 | 78 |N. W.| ---- | " - 16 | 68 | 83 | 78 |N. W.| ---- | " - 17 | 70 | 84 | 78 | W. | ---- | " - 18 | 75 | 85 | 79 |S. W.| ---- | " - 19 | 74 | 85 | 81 | W. | ---- | " - 20 | 76 | 86 | 85 | W. | ---- | " - 21 | 73 | 86 | 82 | W. | ---- | " - 22 | 69 | 86 | 81 |S. W.| ---- | " - 23 | 72 | 85 | 79 |S. W.| ---- | " - 24 | 73 | 87 | 80 |S. W.| ---- | " - 25 | 73 | 86 | 79 |S. W.| ---- | " - 26 | 72 | 87 | 84 |S. W.| ---- | " - 27 | 73 | 86 | 84 |S. W.| ---- | " - 28 | 76 | 88 | 85 |S. W.| ---- | " - 29 | 74 | 87 | 82 |S. W.| ---- | " - 30 | 76 | 88 | 86 |S. W.| ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+----------------- - Sums,| 2,065 | 2,497 | 2,351 | -- | 1/4 in. | - Av'ge| 68-5/6|83-1/4 | 78-1/3| -- | -- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+----------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 13th inst 58 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 14th, 28th and 30th insts 88 deg. - - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of May, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - |o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at | | - Date.| A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. |Rainfall.| Remarks. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 73 | 89 | 86 | E. | ---- |Clear. - 2 | 72 | 89 | 79 |S. E.| 1/2 in. |Cloudy, with rain P. M. - 3 | 72 | 80 | 79 |S. E.| ---- | " with Scotch mist. - 4 | 78 | 84 | 84 |S. W.| ---- |Clear. - 5 | 75 | 79 | 81 |S. E.| ---- |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 6 | 74 | 83 | 83 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 7 | 74 | 90 | 74 | E. | 1 in. |Rain during P.M. and night. - 8 | 75 | 80 | 76 | E. |2-1/4 in.| " " " " - 9 | 76 | 85 | 78 | E. | ---- |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 10 | 74 | 87 | 86 |S. W.| ---- |Partly cloudy. - 11 | 73 | 87 | 79 |S. W.| 1 in. |Rain in the afternoon. - 12 | 75 | 78 | 78 |S. W.|1-1/2 in.| " " " - 13 | 72 | 83 | 83 |S. W.| ---- |Cloudy. - 14 | 75 | 84 | 83 |S. W.| ---- | " - 15 | 75 | 83 | 81 | E. | ---- |Cloudy; wind blowing a gale. - 16 | 72 | 85 | 79 | E. | ---- | " " " - 17 | 70 | 86 | 80 | E. | ---- |Cloudy. - 18 | 73 | 87 | 83 | E. | ---- | " - 19 | 73 | 90 | 84 | E. | ---- | " - 20 | 75 | 90 | 82 |S. E.| 1/2 in. |Rain during P.M. and night. - 21 | 75 | 90 | 80 |S. E.| 1 in. | " " " " - 22 | 75 | 79 | 78 |S. E.| 2 in. | " " the day. - 23 | 78 | 86 | 78 |S. E.| 1 in. | " " " - 24 | 78 | 86 | 78 |S. E.| 1/4 in. | " " " - 25 | 76 | 75 | 78 |S. E.| 1/2 in. | " " " - 26 | 76 | 88 | 78 |S. E.| ---- |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 27 | 75 | 89 | 86 |S. E.| ---- |Partly cloudy. - 28 | 76 | 89 | 89 |S. E.| ---- | " " - 29 | 76 | 90 | 87 |S. E.| 1/4 in. |Rain during night, day clear. - 30 | 78 | 95 | 87 |S. E.| ---- |Clear. - 31 | 80 | 91 | 86 |S. E.| ---- | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,319 | 2,657 | 2,523 | -- |11-3/4 in.| - Av'ge|74-3/4 |85-3/4 |81-1/3 | -- | ---- | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 2d, 3d, 13th and 16th insts 72 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 30th inst 95 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of June, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 80 | 88 | 84 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| Cloudy. - 2 | 82 | 82 | 81 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " - 3 | 80 | 87 | 85 | W. | 1/2 in.| Rain in the afternoon. - 4 | 78 | 91 | 85 |S. E.| | Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 5 | 80 | 89 | 82 |S. E.|1-1/2 in.| Rain in the afternoon. - 6 | 81 | 87 | 80 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " " " - 7 | 79 | 90 | 85 |S. W.| | Clear. - 8 | 80 | 89 | 87 |S. W.| | " - 9 | 82 | 91 | 90 |S. W.| 1 in.| Rain in evening. - 10 | 78 | 92 | 78 |S. W.| 1 in.| " " afternoon. - 11 | 80 | 90 | 78 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| " " " - 12 | 79 | 92 | 88 |S. W.| | Clear. - 13 | 82 | 90 | 88 |S. W.| | " - 14 | 84 | 91 | 87 | W. | | " - 15 | 86 | 92 | 88 | W. | | " - 16 | 85 | 91 | 87 | W. | | " - 17 | 79 | 89 | 88 |S. W.| 1 in.| Rain A. M., clear P. M. - 18 | 80 | 88 | 88 |S. W.| | Clear. - 19 | 77 | 79 | 83 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| Rain A. M., clear P. M. - 20 | 80 | 86 | 76 | E. | | Cloudy. - 21 | 76 | 80 | 78 |S. W.| 1/8 in.| " - 22 | 74 | 88 | 80 |S. E.| 1/4 in.| Rain P. M. and at night. - 23 | 78 | 87 | 84 | S. | 1 in.| Rain during night. - 24 | 78 | 90 | 84 |S. E.| | Cloudy. - 25 | 78 | 87 | 86 | S. | 1/16 in.| Rain during afternoon. - 26 | 80 | 92 | 86 |S. E.| |} Shower during afternoon. - 27 | 86 | 91 | 84 |S. W.| |} Light shower in afternoon. - 28 | 82 | 88 | 89 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|} " " " " - 29 | 81 | 86 | 86 |S. W.| |} " " " " - 30 | 83 | 94 | 86 |S. W.| |} " " " " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,408 | 2,657 | 2,531 | |8-7/8 in.| - Av'ge| 80-1/4| 88-1/2| 84-1/3| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 22d inst. 74 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 30th inst. 94 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of July, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 82 | 96 | 82 |S. W.|1-3/4 in.|Rain during the afternoon. - 2 | 82 | 92 | 87 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| " " " - 3 | 84 | 91 | 90 |S. W.| |Clear. - 4 | 84 | 91 | 84 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 5 | 82 | 93 | 91 |S. W.| |Clear. - 6 | 84 | 92 | 88 |S. W.| |Scotch mist in the afternoon. - 7 | 84 | 79 | 84 |S. E.| 1/16 in.|Rain during P. M. - 8 | 84 | 93 | 89 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " " " - 9 | 81 | 85 | 81 |S. E.| 3/4 in.| " " " - 10 | 82 | 92 | 88 |S. W.| |Clear. - 11 | 86 | 89 | 82 |S. W.| |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 12 | 82 | 84 | 86 |S. W.| | " " " - 13 | 83 | 93 | 87 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 14 | 86 | 90 | 83 |S. W.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 15 | 82 | 92 | 88 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 16 | 88 | 90 | 88 |S. W.| | " - 17 | 86 | 89 | 88 |S. E.| | " - 18 | 84 | 93 | 90 |S. W.| | " - 19 | 86 | 90 | 88 |S. W.| | " - 20 | 88 | 91 | 89 |S. W.| |Clear. - 21 | 88 | 93 | 90 |S. W.| | " - 22 | 88 | 90 | 87 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|Cloudy: rain in the evening. - 23 | 84 | 92 | 84 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 24 | 84 | 93 | 88 |S. W.|1-1/2 in.|Cloudy: rain in the evening. - 25 | 84 | 94 | 82 |S. E.| |Scotch mist in the afternoon. - 26 | 80 | 80 | 83 |S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the evening. - 27 | 80 | 80 | 83 |S. E.| 1 in.| " " afternoon. - 28 | 80 | 87 | 83 |S. E.| 1/8 in.| " " " - 29 | 83 | 90 | 87 |S. W.| |Cloudy and misty. - 30 | 82 | 90 | 85 |S. W.| |Clear. - 31 | 80 | 84 | 83 |S. W.| 1/16 in.|Rain at noon. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,593 | 2,778 | 2,683 | |7-1/4 in.| - Av'ge| 83-3/4| 89-1/2| 86-3/4| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A.M., 26th, 27th, 28th and 31st insts. 80 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 1st inst. 96 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of August, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 82 | 91 | 86 |S. W.| |Clear. - 2 | 82 | 91 | 83 |S. E.| | " - 3 | 82 | 90 | 80 |S. W.| 1 in.|Rain during night. - 4 | 78 | 82 | 79 |S. E.|1-1/4 in.| " " day and night. - 5 | 78 | 80 | 82 |S. E.|1-1/2 in.| " " forenoon. - 6 | 78 | 83 | 82 |S. W.| 1/16 in.| " " afternoon. - 7 | 79 | 93 | 80 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| " " " - 8 | 82 | 92 | 84 |S. E.| 1 in.| " " " - 9 | 82 | 92 | 83 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " " " - 10 | 81 | 91 | 88 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 11 | 82 | 94 | 80 |S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 12 | 84 | 94 | 84 |S. E.| 1/2 in.| " " " - 13 | 82 | 90 | 87 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 14 | 81 | 91 | 92 |S. W.| | " - 15 | 82 | 93 | 79 |S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 16 | 80 | 93 | 84 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 17 | 82 | 95 | 80 |S. E.| 2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 18 | 80 | 91 | 86 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 19 | 78 | 93 | 90 |S. E.| |Clear. - 20 | 82 | 89 | 86 |S. E.| 1/16 in.|Cloudy, rain in the P.M. - 21 | 80 | 89 | 89 |S. W.| |Clear. - 22 | 84 | 92 | 89 |S. W.| | " - 23 | 86 | 96 | 90 |S. W.| | " - 24 | 84 | 93 | 88 |S. E.| 1/16 in.|Cloudy, with rain in the P.M. - 25 | 82 | 95 | 85 |S. W.| 1/4 in.| " " " " " - 26 | 81 | 96 | 88 |S. E.| 1 in.| " " " " " - 27 | 82 | 94 | 91 |S. E.| |Clear. - 28 | 82 | 95 | 88 |S. E.| | " - 29 | 84 | 84 | 83 |S. W.|3-1/2 in.|Rain, wind blowing gale day - | | | | | | and night. - 30 | 78 | 82 | 82 | S. | 3 in.| " " " " " - 31 | 80 | 90 | 84 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Rain during the forenoon. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,520 | 2,814 | 2,642 | | 17 in.| - Av'ge| 84 | 93-3/4| 88 | | | - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A.M., 4th, 5th, 6th, 19th and 30th insts. - 78 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 23d and 26th insts. 96 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of September, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 81 | 86 | 82|S. E.| 1/4 in.|Cloudy, with rain in P. M. - 2 | 73 | 88 | 78|S. W.| 1 in.| " " " - 3 | 78 | 92 | 81| S. | 1 in.| " " " - 4 | 80 | 92 | 88|S. E.| |Clear. - 5 | 82 | 92 | 87|S. E.| |Clear A. M., cloudy P. M. - 6 | 81 | 90 | 87|S. E.| |Clear. - 7 | 81 | 88 | 85|S. W.| | " - 8 | 81 | 90 | 84|S. W.| | " - 9 | 82 | 92 | 86|S. W.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 10 | 80 | 94 | 87|S. E.| 1/8 in.| " " " - 11 | 82 | 92 | 88|S. E.| |Cloudy. - 12 | 82 | 94 | 87|S. W.| 1 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 13 | 80 | 92 | 90| S. | 1/2 in.|Clear day, rain during night. - 14 | 82 | 90 | 88|S. E.| |Clear. - 15 | 80 | 91 | 83|S. E.| 3/4 in.|Clear day, rain during night. - 16 | 78 | 77 | 78|S. E.| |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 17 | 75 | 87 | 88|S. E.| |Clear. - 18 | 78 | 85 | 81|S. E.| |Cloudy, with strong wind. - 19 | 75 | 90 | 81|S. E.| 1/16 in.|Clear A. M., rain P. M. - 20 | 78 | 90 | 84|S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 21 | 78 | 93 | 88|S. E.| 1/4 in.| " " " - 22 | 78 | 92 | 87|S. E.| |Clear. - 23 | 78 | 94 | 89|S. E.| | " - 24 | 77 | 94 | 90|S. E.| | " - 25 | 80 | 90 | 85| S. | | " - 26 | 78 | 92 | 87|S. W.| 1/4 in.|Rain during early part of - | | | | | | night. - 27 | 80 | 87 | 86|S. W.| 1 in.|Rain in the morning. - 28 | 85 | 90 | 86|N. W.| |Clear. - 29 | 79 | 88 | 84|S. E.| | " - 30 | 70 | 90 | 87|S. E.| | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,377 | 2,702 | 2,562 | |7-1/8 in.| - Av'ge| 79-1/4| 90 | 85 | | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A.M., 30th inst. 70 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 10th, 12th, 23d and 24th insts. 94 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of October, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 73 | 92 | 87 |S. E.| |Clear. - 2 | 70 | 90 | 85 |S. E.| | " - 3 | 76 | 92 | 87 |S. E.| | " - 4 | 76 | 92 | 85 |S. E.| | " - 5 | 77 | 86 | 81 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Cloudy, with rain. - 6 | 76 | 80 | 80 |S. E.| 1/8 in.| " " " - 7 | 78 | 80 | 78 |S. E.| 3 in.|Cloudy, with heavy rain. - 8 | 82 | 86 | 85 |S. W.| 2 in.|Clear A. M., rain P. M. - 9 | 80 | 82 | 79 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 10 | 76 | 90 | 87 | S. | |Clear. - 11 | 78 | 90 | 86 | E. | | " - 12 | 78 | 88 | 82 | E. | | " - 13 | 70 | 88 | 88 | E. | | " - 14 | 76 | 93 | 82 | E. | | " - 15 | 70 | 87 | 82 | E. | | " - 16 | 68 | 87 | 80 | E. | | " - 17 | 72 | 85 | 77 | S. | 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 18 | 66 | 79 | 75 | E. | |Clear. - 19 | 69 | 84 | 81 |N. E.| | " - 20 | 75 | 86 | 80 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Rain in the morning. - 21 | 70 | 87 | 82 |S. E.| 1 in.| " during the night. - 22 | 78 | 82 | 76 |N. W.| 1/2 in.| " in the morning. - 23 | 68 | 78 | 73 | W. | |Clear. - 24 | 62 | 80 | 76 |S. E.| | " - 25 | 60 | 79 | 80 | E. | | " - 26 | 62 | 82 | 80 |S. E.| | " - 27 | 68 | 86 | 81 |S. E.| | " - 28 | 74 | 72 | 74 |S. E.|1-3/4 in.|Cloudy, with heavy rain. - 29 | 70 | 80 | 79 |N. W.| 1/4 in.| " " rain. - 30 | 75 | 80 | 76 |N. W.| |Cloudy. - 31 | 72 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| |Clear. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,245 | 2,625 | 2,502 | |9-3/8 in.| - Av'ge| 72-1/2| 84-3/4| 80-3/4| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 25th inst. 60 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 14th inst. 93 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of November, 1880, with Remarks, in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 68 | 86 | 79 |S. E.| |Cloudy A. M., Clear P. M. - 2 | 68 | 82 | 78 |N. W.| |Clear A. M., Cloudy P. M. - 3 | 68 | 83 | 78 |S. W.| |Clear. - 4 | 70 | 80 | 80 |N. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain during the night. - 5 | 78 | 86 | 82 | S. | |Clear. - 6 | 77 | 86 | 81 | S. | | " - 7 | 74 | 75 | 76 | N. | |Cloudy. - 8 | 70 | 80 | 77 |S. E.| | " - 9 | 72 | 90 | 85 | E. | |Clear. - 10 | 77 | 85 | 78 | S. | |Cloudy. - 11 | 70 | 84 | 78 |S. E.| |Clear. - 12 | 70 | 82 | 82 | E. | | " - 13 | 70 | 87 | 86 |S. E.| | " - 14 | 74 | 83 | 80 | S. | 1/4 in.|Clear day, rain at night. - 15 | 70 | 70 | 66 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 16 | 50 | 72 | 71 |S. E.| |Clear. - 17 | 60 | 75 | 73 | W. | | " - 18 | 64 | 80 | 76 | W. | |Cloudy. - 19 | 70 | 78 | 79 | E. | | " - 20 | 77 | 75 | 72 |N. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the forenoon. - 21 | 62 | 76 | 77 | E. | |Clear A. M., Cloudy P. M. - 22 | 68 | 84 | 76 | E. | | " " " " - 23 | 63 | 76 | 67 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 24 | 65 | 79 | 79 |S. E.| | " - 25 | 71 | 80 | 74 |N. W.| | " and foggy. - 26 | 71 | 75 | 75 |S. E.| | - 27 | 72 | 80 | 76 |S. E.| |Clear. - 28 | 71 | 84 | 78 | S. | | " - 29 | 71 | 84 | 84 |S. E.| | " - 30 | 70 | 86 | 78 |S. E.| | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 2,081 | 2,412 | 2,321 | |1-1/4 in.| - Av'ge| 69-1/3| 80-1/3| 77-1/3| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A.M., 16th inst. 50 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 9th inst. 90 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of December, 1880, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 71 | 80 | 80 | S. | |Cloudy. - 2 | 76 | 84 | 84 | W. | | " - 3 | 72 | 82 | 82 |S. W.| |Clear. - 4 | 69 | 82 | 80 | S. | | " - 5 | 70 | 82 | 78 | S. | | " - 6 | 76 | 77 | 73 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|Cloudy, with rain. - 7 | 56 | 68 | 65 |N. E.| |Clear. - 8 | 45 | 72 | 64 | E. | | " - 9 | 52 | 73 | 72 |N. E.| | " - 10 | 52 | 69 | 68 |N. E.| | " - 11 | 45 | 72 | 69 |N. E.| | " - 12 | 50 | 75 | 72 |N. E.| | " - 13 | 50 | 79 | 75 |N. W.| | " - 14 | 58 | 78 | 70 |S. E.| | " - 15 | 60 | 78 | 73 | S. | | " - 16 | 65 | 81 | 75 | S. | | " - 17 | 66 | 82 | 75 | S. | | " - 18 | 70 | 82 | 74 |S. W.| 3/4 in.|Rain morning and afternoon. - 19 | 70 | 77 | 70 | S. | 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 20 | 70 | 81 | 65 |N. W.| |Cloudy. - 21 | 58 | 60 | 55 |N. W.| | " - 22 | 42 | 56 | 54 |N. E.| | " - 23 | 46 | 71 | 68 |S. E.| |Clear. - 24 | 58 | 71 | 67 |S. W.| | " - 25 | 62 | 69 | 68 | S. | 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 26 | 52 | 66 | 58 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 27 | 52 | 63 | 60 |N. W.| | " - 28 | 43 | 65 | 65 |S. E.| |Clear. - 29 | 54 | 71 | 60 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 30 | 40 | 51 | 45 |N. W.| |Cloudy. - 31 | 38 | 50 | 53 |N. E.| 1 in.|Drizzling rain. Coldest day - | | | | | | of the year. - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,788 | 2,237 | 2,117 | |2-3/4 in.| - Av'ge| 57-3/4| 74-1/3| 68-1/4| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 31st inst. 38 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 2d inst. 84 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of January, 1881, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 54 | 78 | 59 | S. |1-1/2 in.|Rain during the afternoon. - 2 | 50 | 67 | 63 | E. | |Clear. - 3 | 46 | 74 | 70 | E. | | " - 4 | 69 | 80 | 77 | S. | | " - 5 | 74 | 79 | 71 | S. | 1 in.|Rain nearly all day. - 6 | 66 | 68 | 66 | E. | 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 7 | 63 | 67 | 67 | E. | 1 in.|Rain morning and afternoon. - 8 | 65 | 68 | 69 |S. E.| 1/2 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 9 | 66 | 75 | 72 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 10 | 73 | 80 | 75 | S. | 1/4 in.|Rain during the night. - 11 | 68 | 76 | 65 |N. W.| 1/8 in.| " afternoon. - 12 | 54 | 62 | 62 | E. | |Cloudy. - 13 | 48 | 78 | 75 | E. | |Clear. - 14 | 64 | 75 | 70 | S. | |Cloudy. - 15 | 68 | 77 | 70 | W. | 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 16 | 66 | 82 | 76 |S. W.| |Clear. - 17 | 64 | 83 | 80 |S. E.| | " - 18 | 66 | 87 | 79 | E. | | " - 19 | 66 | 83 | 78 |S. E.| | " - 20 | 66 | 77 | 72 | S. | |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 21 | 66 | 75 | 70 |S. W.| |Clear A. M., cloudy P. M. - 22 | 60 | 76 | 66 |S. E.| |Clear. - 23 | 57 | 60 | 58 |N. E.| 1/4 in.|Rain P. M. and night. - 24 | 53 | 60 | 56 |N. W.| 1/4 in.| " " - 25 | 52 | 55 | 52 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 26 | 44 | 76 | 64 |N. E.| |Clear. - 27 | 48 | 72 | 62 |N. E.| | " - 28 | 54 | 67 | 64 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 29 | 56 | 80 | 74 | E. | |Clear. - 30 | 60 | 78 | 76 |N. W.| | " - 31 | 55 | 78 | 74 |N. W.| | " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,861 | 2,293 | 2,132 | |5-1/8 in.| - Av'ge| 60 | 74 | 68-3/4| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 26th inst. 44 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 17th and 19th insts. 83 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of February, 1881, with Remarks in relation to Wind - and Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 56 | 76 | 72 |S. E.| |Clear. - 2 | 65 | 71 | 70 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 3 | 54 | 70 | 67 |S. W.| |Clear. - 4 | 50 | 65 | 62 |S. E.| |Cloudy. - 5 | 52 | 75 | 69 |N. E.| |Clear. - 6 | 62 | 75 | 69 |N. E.| |Clear, wind blowing a gale. - 7 | 66 | 78 | 72 |N. E.| | " " " " - 8 | 64 | 79 | 73 | E. | | " " " " - 9 | 68 | 72 | 70 |S. E.| 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 10 | 65 | 84 | 78 |S. E.| |Clear. - 11 | 70 | 81 | 75 | S. | | " - 12 | 64 | 72 | 64 |S. W.| 1/8 in.|Rain in the afternoon. - 13 | 66 | 69 | 59 | W. | |Clear. - 14 | 48 | 66 | 62 |N. W.| | " - 15 | 52 | 75 | 66 |N. W.| | " - 16 | 58 | 80 | 74 |N. E.| | " - 17 | 59 | 84 | 76 |S. E.| | " - 18 | 62 | 85 | 76 |S. E.| | " - 19 | 67 | 82 | 74 |S. E.| | " - 20 | 69 | 81 | 74 |S. W.| | " - 21 | 65 | 76 | 69 |N. W.| | " - 22 | 60 | 80 | 66 |S. W.| | " - 23 | 58 | 80 | 73 |S. E.| | " - 24 | 58 | 80 | 74 |N. E.| | " - 25 | 60 | 79 | 74 | E. | |Cloudy. - 26 | 60 | 84 | 77 |S. E.| |Clear. - 27 | 65 | 79 | 69 | S. | 2 in.|Rain, with wind blowing a - | | | | | | gale. - 28 | 69 | 76 | 66 | W. | |Clear, " " " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,712 | 2,054 | 1,970 | |2-1/2 in.| - Av'ge| 61-7/8| 73-1/2| 70-1/2| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock A. M., 14th inst. 48 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 18th inst. 85 deg. - -METEOROLOGICAL. - - _Record of the Thermometer and Rainfall at Braidentown, Florida, - for the month of March, 1881, with Remarks in relation to Wind and - Weather._ - - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - | 6 | 12 | 6 |Wind | | - Date.|o'clock|o'clock|o'clock| at |Rainfall.| Remarks. - | A. M. | M. | P. M. | M. | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - 1 | 59 | 74 | 61 |N. W.| |Clear. - 2 | 59 | 75 | 69 |N. W.| | " - 3 | 60 | 75 | 71 |S. W.| | " - 4 | 59 | 71 | 63 |N. W.| | " - 5 | 66 | 74 | 63 |N. W.| | " - 6 | 59 | 68 | 68 |N. W.| | " - 7 | 53 | 72 | 73 | E. | | " - 8 | 60 | 78 | 69 | S. |1-1/4 in.|Rain P. M. and night. - 9 | 62 | 78 | 67 |N. W.| |Clear. - 10 | 57 | 72 | 70 |S. E.| | " - 11 | 52 | 79 | 73 |S. E.| | " - 12 | 73 | 81 | 75 |S. W.| |Cloudy, with Scotch mist. - 13 | 73 | 75 | 72 |N. W.| | " - 14 | 65 | 80 | 77 |N. E.| |Cloudy. - 15 | 67 | 88 | 80 |N. E.| |Clear. - 16 | 67 | 83 | 75 | S. | | " - 17 | 66 | 80 | 76 |S. W.| | " - 18 | 72 | 82 | 78 |S. W.| | " - 19 | 72 | 79 | 76 |S. W.| 1 in.|Cloudy, rain P.M. and night. - 20 | 63 | 70 | 64 |N. W.| |Cloudy. - 21 | 63 | 74 | 67 |S. W.| 1/4 in.|Cloudy, with rain at night. - 22 | 62 | 65 | 61 |N. E.| |Clear, wind blowing a gale. - 23 | 52 | 66 | 58 |N. W.| |Clear. - 24 | 59 | 74 | 71 |N. W.| | " - 25 | 56 | 74 | 66 |S. W.| | " - 26 | 65 | 70 | 69 |S. W.| |Cloudy. - 27 | 60 | 72 | 63 |S. W.| |Clear. - 28 | 52 | 78 | 71 |S. E.| | " - 29 | 57 | 75 | 70 |S. W.| | " - 30 | 59 | 65 | 64 |N. W.| |Clear, wind blowing a gale. - 31 | 60 | 68 | 63 |N. W.| | " " " - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - Sums,| 1,914 | 2,315 | 2,143 | |2-1/2 in.| - Av'ge| 62 | 74-3/4| 69-1/2| | | - -----+-------+-------+-------+-----+---------+---------------------------- - - Lowest temperature at 6 o'clock, A. M., 11th, 23d and 28th insts. 52 deg. - Highest " 12 " M., 15th inst. 88 deg. - - * * * * * - -Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber: - -was know first=> was known first {pg 65} - -Heathfulness of climate=> Healthfulness of climate {pg 89} - - - - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Florida: Past and present, by Samuel Curtis Upham - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORIDA: PAST AND PRESENT *** - -***** This file should be named 44189.txt or 44189.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/1/8/44189/ - -Produced by Ann Jury, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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