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-Project Gutenberg's Het Eiland Wieringen en Zijne Bewoners, by Francis Allan
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
-
-
-Title: Het Eiland Wieringen en Zijne Bewoners
-
-Author: Francis Allan
-
-Release Date: November 1, 2013 [EBook #44086]
-
-Language: Dutch
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HET EILAND WIERINGEN ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project
-Gutenberg.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44086 ***
 
                           HET EILAND WIERINGEN
                                    EN
@@ -133,7 +101,7 @@ INLEIDING.
 
 
 Ofschoon er over de geschiedenis van ons Vaderland, in vroegeren
-tijd, en vooral vóór de komst der Romeinen, eenen sluijer ligt
+tijd, en vooral vóór de komst der Romeinen, eenen sluijer ligt
 verspreid, waaronder tal van belangrijke gebeurtenissen verborgen
 liggen, zoo weten wij echter, dat onze geboortegrond, gelegen aan de
 uitwatering van groote rivieren, wier stroomgebied destijds nog door
@@ -154,10 +122,10 @@ is, dat Hollands west- en noord-kust, alsmede de eilanden, zich veel
 verder in die rigting hebben uitgestrekt. Zulks wordt althans bewezen,
 zoo door de in de Noordzee liggende zandbanken en platen, als door de
 kapel van Nehalennia op Walcheren, de grondvesten van de oude stad bij
-de Goereê, en het huis te Britten, bij Katwijk; welke gebouwen toch wel
+de Goereê, en het huis te Britten, bij Katwijk; welke gebouwen toch wel
 niet aan den buitenkant der duinketen zullen geplaatst zijn geweest.
 
-Dan, niet slechts aan die zijden, maar ook dáár, waar thans de
+Dan, niet slechts aan die zijden, maar ook dáár, waar thans de
 Zuiderzee de plaats van eenmaal vruchtbare en houtrijke landerijen
 inneemt, zijn allerwege de sporen aanwezig, welke van de groote
 veranderingen, in den loop der eeuwen, door stormen en watervloeden,
@@ -165,7 +133,7 @@ hier te weeg gebragt, de onmiskenbaarste bewijzen dragen. Tijdens
 de komst der Romeinen hier te lande, waren deze streken reeds
 lang bewoond; waarvan de stichtingen van onderscheidene burgten of
 sterkten in dien tijd, ten bewijze strekken.--Zoo woonden o. a. de
-Tusiê of Toesië, op de hoogere landstreken bij Medemblik, van welk
+Tusiê of Toesië, op de hoogere landstreken bij Medemblik, van welk
 volk den naam nog overig zoude zijn in het dorp Opperdoes, alsmede
 in Lager- of Nederdoes, welke laatste plaats in de Zuiderzee bedolven
 is;--de Marsioten of Marsen hielden verblijf in de lagere deelen van
@@ -279,7 +247,7 @@ Volgens de nasporingen door Witsen gedaan, bleek het, dat de stad
 met eenen muur omringd was geweest, welke aan den noordkant geheel,
 en aan de west- en oostzijde ten deele onder het zand bedolven was,
 terwijl er aan de zuidzijde der stad, sporen werden ontdekt eener
-gracht, vóór den muur, waarin twee uitwateringen bespeurd werden. Ook
+gracht, vóór den muur, waarin twee uitwateringen bespeurd werden. Ook
 ontdekte hij nog de grondslagen, van een groot, op zich zelf staand,
 gebouw met eenen voorhof, die door eenen muur omringd was, welke eene
 lengte van 300 voeten bezat.
@@ -379,7 +347,7 @@ ontwaart, en eindelijk de Witte Wierdijken, welke dit geheel omgeven,
 en die het voorkomen hebben, van kleine krijtbergruggen; dan zal men
 ons gereedelijk willen toestemmen, dat een en ander aan dit Eiland
 een eigenaardig, gansch niet onbevallig voorkomen geeft, te meer,
-als men zijnen blik iets verder landwaarts inslaat, en dáárbij eene
+als men zijnen blik iets verder landwaarts inslaat, en dáárbij eene
 gestadige afwisseling van hoogten en laagten, golvende graanakkers,
 bloeijende aardappelvelden en veerijke weiden ontwaart.--
 
@@ -430,9 +398,9 @@ Deze zeeweringen zijn zamengesteld als volgt:
 
 
     Aan den dijk met voorgrond                      1041   Ellen.
-    Aan den dijk met ketting-paalwerk               3818   Ellen.
-    Aan den dijk met paalwerken steenen glooijing    100   Ellen.
-    Aan den dijk met steenglooijing                  281   Ellen.
+    Aan den dijk met ketting-paalwerk               3818   Ellen.
+    Aan den dijk met paalwerken steenen glooijing    100   Ellen.
+    Aan den dijk met steenglooijing                  281   Ellen.
     Kettingregel-paalwerk met steenen glooijing      191   Ellen.
     Kettingregel-paalwerk met steenen glooijing      328   Ellen.
     Geschulpt paalwerk, met steenglooijing           890   Ellen.
@@ -443,7 +411,7 @@ Deze zeeweringen zijn zamengesteld als volgt:
 
 Behalve deze, zijn op vele plaatsen brikkistingen tegen de
 kettingregel-paalwerken aangebragt. Deze zeeweringen liggen echter
-niet aanéén; men heeft dáár op verschillende plaatsen eene lengte
+niet aanéén; men heeft dáár op verschillende plaatsen eene lengte
 van 2681 Ellen, welke onverdedigde, hooge gronden zijn.
 
 De aan de oost-, zuid- en een gedeelte van de aan de westzijde
@@ -483,7 +451,7 @@ regenwater, terwijl er overigens vele welputten gevonden worden, die
 min of meer goed drinkwater bevatten, en waarvan men zich hoofdzakelijk
 tot drenking van het vee bedient.--
 
-Ofschoon Wieringen slechts ééne burgerlijke Gemeente vormt, vindt men
+Ofschoon Wieringen slechts ééne burgerlijke Gemeente vormt, vindt men
 er echter onderscheidene dorpen en gehuchten, van welke Hypolitushoef,
 de hoofdplaats, benevens Oosterland, Stroe en Westerland, de
 voornaamste zijn.
@@ -501,7 +469,7 @@ Overigens zijn op dit Eiland drie Predikanten: 2 Hervormde en 1
 Doopsgezinde, benevens 1 R. C. Pastoor. De Herv. bezitten er 5, en
 de Doopsgez. 2 Kerken, terwijl er 1 Roomsche Kerk is.--Op 1 Jan. 1854
 waren hier 1,358 Hervormden, 298 Doopsgezinden, 261 R. C., 1 Luthersche
-en 5 Israëliten.
+en 5 Israëliten.
 
 Voorts zijn er 4 openbare scholen, namelijk te Hypolitushoef, te
 Westerland, te Stroe en te Oosterland. Er is echter aan de kapel op
@@ -602,7 +570,7 @@ waargenomen.--Eene andere, hoogst belangrijke tak van industrie voor
 dit Eiland, is de wiermaaijerij [4].
 
 Men maait de wier in de maanden Junij, Julij en Augustus, even
-als het gewone gras, op de waarden, die met de ebbe op één voet of
+als het gewone gras, op de waarden, die met de ebbe op één voet of
 een half voet na droog vallen. Men begint met half ebbe te maaijen,
 en heeft dan hooge laarzen aan, die tot aan het midden des ligchaams
 reiken. Het gemaaide wier wordt daarna in schuiten geladen, vervolgens
@@ -613,7 +581,7 @@ gedroogde wier in sloten met zoet water, om gedurende een tiental dagen
 te ververschen. Hierna wordt het opgehaald, en op het land gestrooid,
 waarna men het uit elkander pluist, en, nadat het goed droog is, tot
 balen van p. m. 100 kilo, zamenpakt, om naar Amsterdam, Rotterdam,
-zelfs naar België en het noordelijke gedeelte van Frankrijk uitgevoerd
+zelfs naar België en het noordelijke gedeelte van Frankrijk uitgevoerd
 te worden.
 
 Het losgeraakte, niet gemaaide wier, wordt opgevischt en veelal aan
@@ -628,7 +596,7 @@ brengt. Wieringen heeft in dit opzigt veel te danken aan zijnen
 Burgemeester, Mr. J. van Hengel, die door zijne bemoeijingen, dezen,
 grootendeels vervallen, tak van industrie wist op te beuren.--Ongeveer
 200 personen houden zich jaarlijksch met de wiermaaijerij bezig,
-welker opbrengst gemiddeld op 18 à 19 duizend gulden 's jaars wordt
+welker opbrengst gemiddeld op 18 à 19 duizend gulden 's jaars wordt
 geraamd. Ten jare 1853 werden er 325,000 ponden, ad f 6 per 100 p.,
 wier uitgevoerd.--
 
@@ -650,7 +618,7 @@ langen stok bevestigd is, en bestaat uit eene soort van vork, met
 veerkrachtige nijptanden. De visscher houdt dit werktuig onder het
 zeilen zoodanig, dat de tanden door de slijk slepen, en de paling
 daartusschen bekneld wordt. Op deze wijze kan de vangst soms zeer
-aanzienlijk wezen. Een getal van 40 à 50 schuiten wordt tot deze
+aanzienlijk wezen. Een getal van 40 à 50 schuiten wordt tot deze
 visscherij gebruikt.--De visscherij in de binnenwateren levert bijna
 niets op.
 
@@ -682,7 +650,7 @@ komen de meeste geschiedkundigen met elkander overeen, dat Wieringen
 reeds in de 12de eeuw van het tegenwoordige Friesland, en in 1296,
 van het tegenwoordige Noord-Holland (vroeger West-Friesland genoemd)
 gescheiden was. Op de oudste der bestaande kaarten van dit gedeelte
-van Neêrland's tegenwoordig Rijksgebied, bespeuren wij den naam
+van Neêrland's tegenwoordig Rijksgebied, bespeuren wij den naam
 Wieringen niet. Echter vinden wij, ter plaatse, waar dit Eiland ligt,
 en wel bepaald op de hoogte van het het dorpje Stroe, de namen Strude,
 Wierum, en men mag veilig aannemen, dat, door deze laatste naam het
@@ -730,7 +698,7 @@ van St. Odolfus, in Friesland bij Stavoren, geschonken is. Ook was het
 onder dit Eilandt, dat zich eenige schepen van Vrouw Jacoba, Gravinne
 van Hollandt, in den jare 1426 verzamelden, die geheel onverwacht
 Enkhuizen overvielen. Wijl die stadt de zijde van Hertog Philips
-van Bourgondië hield, en ruim hondert burgers voor het zwaardt deeden
+van Bourgondië hield, en ruim hondert burgers voor het zwaardt deeden
 bukken, dat der Gravinne zaak niet weinig verergerde, en in 't volgende
 jaar 1427, toen haare vloot onder Jonker Willem van Brederode, in den
 scheepsstrijdt bij dit Wieringen, geslagen wierd, strengelijk gewroken
@@ -824,7 +792,7 @@ ende dat na de voltrokke bedijkinge, zoo lange de ingedijkte landen
 zonder inbreuk en overstrominge bleeven, van ijder Mergen jaarlijks een
 erkentenisse van twintig stuivers ten behoeve van de Graaffelijkheit
 van Hollandt betaalt zoude worden; blijvende aan dezelve voorbehouden
-alle hooge middelen en laage Jurisdictiën, en moetende, ingevalle
+alle hooge middelen en laage Jurisdictiën, en moetende, ingevalle
 dezelve Waardt weder inbrak, de Ingelanden 't elkens binnen vier
 jaaren dezelve wederom bedijken. Waar op deze bedijkinge wel ondernomen
 wierd; doch door 't gebrek van arbeiders zoo slechten voortgang had,
@@ -939,7 +907,7 @@ In 1382 stond Wieringen onder het oppergezag van Albrecht, Graaf van
 Holland, die hier in alles de wet voorschreef, en, bij besluit van
 den 27 Mei 1391, aan die van Wieringen vrij wint en grint verleende.
 
-In 1421 leest men van de bevestiging der Privilegiën, aan deze
+In 1421 leest men van de bevestiging der Privilegiën, aan deze
 Eilanders geschonken, door Johan, Grave van Hollandt, bij verordening
 in dato den 4den Mei.
 
@@ -949,7 +917,7 @@ is vrij van den dood"; terwijl daarbij tevens bepaald werd, dat het
 Wieringer geregt zich tot 500 roeden buiten het Eiland uitstrekte.--
 
 In 1456 verbeurden die van Wieringen, met de Kennemers, hunne
-voorregten en privilegiën, welke zij echter niet lang daarna van
+voorregten en privilegiën, welke zij echter niet lang daarna van
 Filips, Grave van Holland, terug ontvingen.
 
 Albrecht van Saksen schonk, den 26sten Mei 1492, aan de Wieringers
@@ -964,20 +932,20 @@ van Holland.--
 Uit dit een en ander meenen wij te mogen afleiden, dat het gevoelen,
 dat Wieringen zijnen naam ontleend hebbe aan de Wierdijken, op geene
 genoegzame gronden van zekerheid rust, aangezien dit Eiland, reeds
-vòòr de eerste bedijking, zijnen naam had ontvangen.--
+vòòr de eerste bedijking, zijnen naam had ontvangen.--
 
 Van de stichting der 4 parochiekerken op Wieringen, is weinig
 bekend. Men vindt ze reeds vermeld in een Handvest of Privilegie
-van Filips, Hertog van Bourgondië, Grave van West-Friesland, enz.,
+van Filips, Hertog van Bourgondië, Grave van West-Friesland, enz.,
 in het 1ste Artikel, uitgegeven op den 18den Mei des jaars 1452.
 
 In vroegeren tijd bezat dit Eiland vele vaste goederen, waarvan de
-kerken en pastoriën onderhouden, en de traktementen der predikanten,
+kerken en pastoriën onderhouden, en de traktementen der predikanten,
 kosters en voorzangers betaald werden. Die inkomsten werden geraamd,
 op f 2500 's jaars en konden, gerekend naar de behoeften van dien tijd,
 ruim toe. Doch sedert 1767 zijn deze goederen ten behoeve van den Staat
 verkocht, zoodat er bijna geene vaste goederen meer tot de Hervormde
-kerken behooren. De onderscheidene diakoniën bezitten echter nog
+kerken behooren. De onderscheidene diakoniën bezitten echter nog
 eenige vaste fondsen; vooral die der Doopsgezinde en R. C. gemeenten.
 
 In 1680 zijn, op last van Gecommitteerden Raden van het Noorder
@@ -1007,7 +975,7 @@ twee leeuwen vastgehouden W, waaronder twee zwemmende rotganzen,
 een en ander van goud. Het geheel wordt omgeven door dit omschrift:
 
 
-                      W. GODT· WET· ONSE· GHELVCK.
+                      W. GODT· WET· ONSE· GHELVCK.
 
 
 
@@ -1020,11 +988,11 @@ VIERDE HOOFDSTUK.
 DE DORPEN EN GEHUCHTEN OP HET EILAND WIERINGEN.
 
 
-Alhoewel het geheele Eiland Wieringen, slechts ééne burgerlijke
+Alhoewel het geheele Eiland Wieringen, slechts ééne burgerlijke
 gemeente vormt, zoo vindt men er nogthans onderscheidene dorpen en
 gehuchten, die onderling kerkelijk gescheiden zijn.--
 
-Gevoegelijk kan men ze in de volgende vier Sectiën verdeelen:
+Gevoegelijk kan men ze in de volgende vier Sectiën verdeelen:
 
 
 Sectie A, bevattende 122 huizen,
@@ -1198,7 +1166,7 @@ die voor het grootste gedeelte hun dagelijksch brood winnen met het
 visschen op zeewier.
 
 Het Hervormde gedeelte derzelve, behoort tot de Gemeente
-Oosterland-Stroe en den Oever, wier kerkje vóór de Reformatie
+Oosterland-Stroe en den Oever, wier kerkje vóór de Reformatie
 gewijd was aan den H. Willebrordus, en weleer begeven werd door de
 Hollandsche Graven, terwijl de bevestiging aan den Aartsdiaken der
 Utrechtsche Domkerk behoorde, aan wien ook de begeving stond van eene,
@@ -1254,9 +1222,9 @@ vervolgen wij onze wandeling, naar het aan den Akkersweg gelegen dorpje
 
 Oosterland, of, zoo als het in een oud handschrift der Utrechtsche
 kerk wordt genoemd, Oisteland, ligt zuidoostwaarts van Hypolitushoef,
-op 52°55'55'' N. B. en 22°40'30'' O. L.
+op 52°55'55'' N. B. en 22°40'30'' O. L.
 
-De kerk der Hervormden alhier, is zeer oud, en was vóór de Reformatie
+De kerk der Hervormden alhier, is zeer oud, en was vóór de Reformatie
 gewijd aan den H. Michael, en verdeeld onder twee pastoors; terwijl
 de begeving van beide pastorijen, alsook die van het kosterschap, den
 Graaf van Holland aankwam, terwijl de bevestiging bij den Aartsdiaken
@@ -1312,7 +1280,7 @@ schaars, daarvan gebruik gemaakt.
 
 De Doopsgezinden van den Oever, welke hier 50 in getal zijn, behooren
 tot de Gemeente van Hypolitushoef en het Stroe. Deze gemeente telt
-250 zielen, en heeft slechts ééne kerk, welke te Hypolitushoef
+250 zielen, en heeft slechts ééne kerk, welke te Hypolitushoef
 staat. Jacob pieterszoon was de eerste, die bij deze Gemeente het
 leeraarsambt heeft waargenomen. Hij overleed ten jare 1710.--
 
@@ -1320,7 +1288,7 @@ Het Roomsch Katholijke gedeelte van den Oever's bevolking is zeer
 gering, en behoort tot de Statie van Wieringen.--
 
 De volksschool, welke met die van Oosterland verbonden is, wordt bij
-afwisseling om de drie maanden door éénen onderwijzer waargenomen,
+afwisseling om de drie maanden door éénen onderwijzer waargenomen,
 welke alsdan gemiddeld 80 leerlingen aan zijne zorg en leiding ziet
 toevertrouwd.
 
@@ -1355,14 +1323,14 @@ van ongeveer 4684 N. Ellen, welke minstens de hoogte van 2,75 El
 boven gewoon volzee moest hebben, met eene kruinsbreedte van 1,50 El.
 
 Voorts werd bepaald dat er, ter verzekering van de uitwatering van
-den Stroeër-polder door en ten koste der concessionarissen, van het
-Stroeër-sluisje tot den nieuw te maken dijk, langs en op 8 ellen
+den Stroeër-polder door en ten koste der concessionarissen, van het
+Stroeër-sluisje tot den nieuw te maken dijk, langs en op 8 ellen
 afstand van den Zuiderdijk van Wieringen, eene geul zoude worden
 gegraven, ter breedte op het maaiveld van 6, in den bodem 2, bij eene
 diepte van 1 el onder het terrein; terwijl in den te leggen dijk een
 steenen uitwateringssluisje moest gebouwd worden, met wachtdeur en
 schuif voorzien, welks opening een vierde gedeelte grooter moest zijn,
-dan die van het toen reeds bestaande Stroeër-sluisje, en waarvan de
+dan die van het toen reeds bestaande Stroeër-sluisje, en waarvan de
 vloer op 1,20 el onder volzee moest leggen. Omtrent de scheiding van
 den polder en het Eiland Wieringen, werd vastgesteld, dat er langs
 de Zuiderdijkaadje, op 8 ellen uit den voorkant van den bestaanden
@@ -1392,7 +1360,7 @@ aanbevelingswaardig, omdat men het tweede gedeelte ook als waterberging
 voor den polder kan aanwenden.--
 
 De sluis bevat twee waterwegen of openingen, waarvan eene voor het
-water van den Stroeërpolder, en de andere voor dat van den polder
+water van den Stroeërpolder, en de andere voor dat van den polder
 Nieuwland zelve. Zij ligt in het hart des dijks, aan het oosteinde,
 nabij de Groote Kaap.--De bovenkant van haren vloer ligt op 1,75 el
 onder volzee, terwijl de openingen, ieder ter breedte van 1,45 el,
@@ -1480,7 +1448,7 @@ Klassis van Alkmaar, Ring van de Zijpe. De eerste Predikant, die bij
 deze Gemeente het leeraarambt bekleedde, was Evert Jacobsz. Hij kwam
 aldaar in 1595 en werd in 1619 Emeritus.
 
-De Hervormde Kerk te Hypolitushoef, was vóór de Hervorming toegewijd
+De Hervormde Kerk te Hypolitushoef, was vóór de Hervorming toegewijd
 aan den H. Hypolitus, terwijl de pastorij beurtelings door het kapittel
 van de H. Mariakerk, te Utrecht, en door den Paus, werd begeven. De
 pastoor was toenmaals gewoon, een ander, ter waarneming van de diensten
@@ -1766,7 +1734,7 @@ niet onaanzienlijk getal Eilanders, en vooral jonge lieden, jenever
 in hun gelag gebruikten. Is dit gebruik, hoe matig dan ook, op zich
 zelf reeds af te keuren, nog meer zal die afkeuring toenemen, als wij
 bedenken, dat alle misbruik ontstaan is door het gebruik. De grootste
-dronkaard verslaaft zich niet op ééns aan dien verderfelijken drank,
+dronkaard verslaaft zich niet op ééns aan dien verderfelijken drank,
 die ongetwijfeld is aan te merken, als den grootsten stoffelijken en
 zedelijken moordenaar der menschheid.--'t Is hier niet de plaats,
 om daarover in het breede uit te wijden, noch, om door bewijzen
@@ -1855,7 +1823,7 @@ het, als onnut tot eenig gebruik, aangezien, noemende de Latijnsche
 Lierdichter Horatius hetzelve Od. 17, lib. III, Alga Inutilis,
 onnut zeegras, zoodat men bij de Latijnen, eenige geringe, en niet
 noemenswaardige zaak willende te kennen geven, en beteekenen, tot een
-spreekwoordt zeide: Vilior Algâ, Slechter dan wier. (Zie denzelven
+spreekwoordt zeide: Vilior Algâ, Slechter dan wier. (Zie denzelven
 Dichter lib. II, Serm. Satyr. V.) Maar hedendaags is hetzelve,
 voornamentlijk in deze leege Landen, daar men van Duinen ontbloot is,
 en de zee met Dijken moet afkeeren, in groot gebruik gekomen, en wordt
@@ -1863,7 +1831,7 @@ voor de beste stoffe gehouden, om op onze lichte en veenige gronden
 eenige Dijken te vestigen, pakkende het wier zoo vast in elkaar, als de
 allerbeste kleijaarde, waardoor de zeegolven, daartegen slaande, door
 de gladdigheit van de wier daar weder afrollen. Zoodat meenigmaal bij
-de Staten van den Lande, Plakkaaten en Ordonnantiën op het visschen en
+de Staten van den Lande, Plakkaaten en Ordonnantiën op het visschen en
 ophaalen van de wier gemaakt zijn." (Toon. der Ver. Ned. door Halma.)
 
 [5] Het grootste gedeelte van den zomer.
@@ -1901,361 +1869,4 @@ vrijheid, om de schapenmest van het land te halen.
 End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Het Eiland Wieringen en Zijne Bewoners, by 
 Francis Allan
 
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