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| author | pgww <pgww@lists.pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 09:55:26 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | pgww <pgww@lists.pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 09:55:26 -0700 |
| commit | c2fa5293e18cfe13dc7988804af4a8aea27f45f2 (patch) | |
| tree | 8d0239a286ea6cf6317140e2b89047d69555daff | |
| parent | 830938d91efa527abee32563dc90e5780eb4aa9f (diff) | |
| -rw-r--r-- | 4361-0.txt | 146 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 4361-h/4361-h.htm | 11777 |
2 files changed, 5965 insertions, 5958 deletions
@@ -3375,7 +3375,7 @@ About midnight I was called up and informed that there were seven officers willing to go, but the difficulty was to get horses and saddles. I went down to Larkin's house and got General Smith to consent that we might take the horses I had bought for our trip. -It was nearly three o'clock a.m. before we were all mounted and +It was nearly three o'clock A.M. before we were all mounted and ready. I had a musket which I used for hunting. With this I led off at a canter, followed by the others. About six miles out, by the faint moon, I saw ahead of us in the sandy road some blue @@ -4946,7 +4946,7 @@ assent. Nisbet handed him his two acceptances, and he handed me his check, signed as collector of the port, on Major J. R. Snyder, United States Treasurer, for forty thousand dollars. I afterward rode out, that night, to Major Snyder's house on North Beach, saw -him, and he agreed to meet me at 8 a.m. next day, at the United +him, and he agreed to meet me at 8 A.M. next day, at the United States Mint, and to pay the check, so that I could have the money before the bank opened. The next morning, as agreed on, we met, and he paid me the check in two sealed bags of gold-coin, each @@ -7522,7 +7522,7 @@ General Schenck, and proceeded as far as the halt, before the enemy's position, near the stone bridge across Bull Run. Here the brigade was deployed in line along the skirt of timber to the right of the Warrenton road, and remained quietly in position till after -10 a.m. The enemy remained very quiet, but about that time we saw +10 A.M. The enemy remained very quiet, but about that time we saw a rebel regiment leave its cover in our front, and proceed in double-quick time on the road toward Sudley Springs, by which we knew the columns of Colonels Hunter and Heintzelman were @@ -9859,7 +9859,7 @@ when I ordered under arms all my division, and sent word to General McClernand, asking him to support my left; to General Prentiss, giving him notice that the enemy was in our front in force, and to General Hurlbut, asking him to support General Prentiss. At that -time--7 a.m.--my division was arranged as follows: +time--7 A.M.--my division was arranged as follows: First Brigade, composed of the Sixth Iowa, Colonel J. A. McDowell; @@ -9890,7 +9890,7 @@ under Colonel Dickey, were posted in a large open field to the left and rear of Shiloh meeting-house, which I regarded as the centre of my position. -Shortly after 7 a.m., with my entire staff, I rode along a portion +Shortly after 7 A.M., with my entire staff, I rode along a portion of our front, and when in the open field before Appler's regiment, the enemy's pickets opened a brisk fire upon my party, killing my orderly, Thomas D. Holliday, of Company H, Second Illinois Cavalry. @@ -9902,7 +9902,7 @@ This valley afforded the enemy partial cover; but our men were so posted as to have a good fire at them as they crossed the valley and ascended the rising ground on our side. -About 8 a.m. I saw the glistening bayonets of heavy masses of +About 8 A.M. I saw the glistening bayonets of heavy masses of infantry to our left front in the woods beyond the small stream alluded to, and became satisfied for the first time that the enemy designed a determined attack on our whole camp. @@ -9943,7 +9943,7 @@ possession of three guns of this (Waterhouse's) battery. Although our left was thus turned, and the enemy was pressing our whole line, I deemed Shiloh so important, that I remained by it and renewed my orders to Colonels McDowell and Buckland to hold their -ground; and we did hold these positions until about 10 a.m., when +ground; and we did hold these positions until about 10 A.M., when the enemy had got his artillery to the rear of our left flank and some change became absolutely necessary. Two regiments of Hildebrand's brigade--Appler's and Mungen's--had already @@ -9962,7 +9962,7 @@ had substantially disappeared from the field, though he himself bravely remained. McDowell's and Buckland's brigades maintained their organizations, and were conducted by my aides, so as to join on General McClernand's right, thus abandoning my original camps -and line. This was about 10 1/2 a.m., at which time the enemy had +and line. This was about 10 1/2 A.M., at which time the enemy had made a furious attack on General McClernand's whole front. He straggled most determinedly, but, finding him pressed, I moved McDowell's brigade directly against the left flank of the enemy, @@ -10026,7 +10026,7 @@ ground on the extreme right of General McClernand's camp, where we attracted the fire of a battery located near Colonel McDowell's former headquarters. Here I remained, patiently waiting for the sound of General Buell's advance upon the main Corinth road. About -10 a.m. the heavy firing in that direction, and its steady +10 A.M. the heavy firing in that direction, and its steady approach, satisfied me; and General Wallace being on our right flank with his well-conducted division, I led the head of my column to General McClernand's right, formed line of battle, facing south, @@ -10193,7 +10193,7 @@ batteries, on which so much depended. I inclose his report and indorse his recommendations. The cavalry of my command kept to the rear, and took little part in the action; but it would have been madness to have exposed horses to the musketry-fire under which we -were compelled to remain from Sunday at 8 a.m. till Monday at +were compelled to remain from Sunday at 8 A.M. till Monday at 4 p.m. Captain Kossack, of the engineers, was with me all the time, and was of great assistance. I inclose his sketch of the battlefield, which is the best I have seen, and which will enable @@ -10300,7 +10300,7 @@ Nelson, and others, who had reached the steamboat-landing from the east, just before nightfall of the 6th, when there was a large crowd of frightened, stampeded men, who clamored and declared that our army was all destroyed and beaten. Personally I saw General -Grant, who with his staff visited me about 10 a.m. of the 6th, +Grant, who with his staff visited me about 10 A.M. of the 6th, when we were desperately engaged. But we had checked the headlong assault of our enemy, and then held our ground. This gave him great satisfaction, and he told me that things did not look as well @@ -10390,7 +10390,7 @@ Buell arrived we would march to Corinth to attack the enemy. The rebel army, commanded by General Albert Sidney Johnston, was, according to their own reports and admissions, forty-five thousand strong, had the momentum of attack, and beyond all question fought -skillfully from early morning till about 2 a.m., when their +skillfully from early morning till about 2 A.M., when their commander-in-chief was killed by a Mini-ball in the calf of his leg, which penetrated the boot and severed the main artery. There was then a perceptible lull for a couple of hours, when the attack @@ -12603,7 +12603,7 @@ movements. There was a general understanding with Admiral Porter that he was to attack the fort with his three ironclad gunboats directly by its -water-front, while we assaulted by land in the rear. About 10 a.m. +water-front, while we assaulted by land in the rear. About 10 A.M. I got a message from General McClernand, telling me where he could be found, and asking me what we were waiting for. I answered that we were then in close contact with the enemy, viz., about five or @@ -12872,7 +12872,7 @@ Very respectfully, U. S. GRANT, Major-General. -This letter was instantly (8 a.m.) sent to Colonel Giles A. Smith, +This letter was instantly (8 A.M.) sent to Colonel Giles A. Smith, commanding the Eighth Missouri, with orders to prepare immediately. He returned it at 9.15, with an answer that the regiment was all ready. I went up to Milliken's Bend in the tug, and had a @@ -13587,7 +13587,7 @@ fires of pitch-pine. General Grant joined me there, and we sat on a log, looking at the passage of the troops by the light of those fires; the bridge swayed to and fro under the passing feet, and made a fine war-picture. At daybreak we moved on, ascending the ridge, -and by 10 a.m. the head of my column, long drawn out, reached the +and by 10 A.M. the head of my column, long drawn out, reached the Benton road, and gave us command of the peninsula between the Yazoo and Big Black. I dispatched Colonel Swan, of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry, to Haines's Bluff, to capture that battery from the rear, @@ -13618,7 +13618,7 @@ well manned; and, on General Steele's head of column arriving, I turned it still more to the right, with orders to work its way down the bluff, so as to make connection with our fleet in the Mississippi River. There was a good deal of desultory fighting that -evening, and a man was killed by the aide of General Grant and +evening, and a man was killed by the side of General Grant and myself, as we sat by the road-side looking at Steele's division passing to the right. General Steele's men reached the road which led from Vicksburg up to Haines's Bluff, which road lay at the foot @@ -13626,7 +13626,7 @@ of the hills, and intercepted some prisoners and wagons which were coming down from Haines's Bluff. All that night McPherson's troops were arriving by the main Jackson -road, and McClernand'a by another near the railroad, deploying +road, and McClernand's by another near the railroad, deploying forward as fast as they struck the rebel works. My corps (the Fifteenth) had the right of the line of investment; McPherson's (the Seventeenth) the centre; and McClernand's (the Thirteenth) the @@ -13656,7 +13656,7 @@ principal roads entered the city. It was not a council of war, but a mere consultation, resulting in orders from General Grant for us to make all possible preparations -for a renewed assault on the 22d, simultaneously, at 10 a.m. I +for a renewed assault on the 22d, simultaneously, at 10 A.M. I reconnoitred my front thoroughly in person, from right to left, and concluded to make my real attack at the right flank of the bastion, where the graveyard road entered the enemy's intrenchments, and at @@ -13666,7 +13666,7 @@ division, about a mile to our right, toward the river. All our field batteries were put in position, and were covered by good epaulements; the troops were brought forward, in easy support, concealed by the shape of the ground; and to the minute, viz., -10 a.m. of May 22d, the troops sprang to the assault. A small +10 A.M. of May 22d, the troops sprang to the assault. A small party, that might be called a forlorn hope, provided with plank to cross the ditch, advanced at a run, up to the very ditch; the lines of infantry sprang from cover, and advanced rapidly in line of @@ -13762,7 +13762,7 @@ as the rumors of Johnston's accumulating force reached us, General Grant concluded to take stronger measures. He had received from the North General J. G. Parker's corps (Ninth), which had been posted at Haines's Bluff; then, detailing one division from each of -the three corps d'armee investing Vicksburg, he ordered me to go +the three corps d'armée investing Vicksburg, he ordered me to go out, take a general command of all, and to counteract any movement on the part of General Johnston to relieve Vicksburg. I reconnoitred the whole country, from Haines's Bluff to the railroad @@ -13772,7 +13772,7 @@ Parke's two divisions from Haines's Bluff out to the Benton or ridge road; Tuttle's division, of my corps, joining on and extending to a plantation called Young's, overlooking Bear Creek valley, which empties into the Big Black above Messinger's Ferry; -then McArthurs division, of McPherson's corps, took up the line, +then McArthur's division, of McPherson's corps, took up the line, and reached to Osterhaus's division of McClernand's corps, which held a strong fortified position at the railroad-crossing of the Big Black River. I was of opinion that, if Johnston should cross @@ -13821,7 +13821,7 @@ the road-side near Trible's, I saw a poor, miserable horse, carrying a lady, and led by a little negro boy, coming across a cotton-field toward me; as they approached I recognized poor Mrs. Wilkinson, and helped her to dismount. I inquired what had brought -her to me in that style, and she answered that she knew Vicksburg, +her to me in that style, and she answered that she knew Vicksburg was going to surrender, and she wanted to go right away to see her boy. I had a telegraph-wire to General Grant's headquarters, and had heard that there were symptoms of surrender, but as yet nothing @@ -13859,7 +13859,7 @@ Raymond road; Ord's (Thirteenth) on the right, reaching Pearl River below the town; and Parker's (Ninth) the left, above the town. On the 11th we pressed close in, and shelled the town from every -direction. One of Ords brigades (Lauman's) got too close, and was +direction. One of Ord's brigades (Lauman's) got too close, and was very roughly handled and driven back in disorder. General Ord accused the commander (General Lauman) of having disregarded his orders, and attributed to him personally the disaster and heavy @@ -14743,7 +14743,7 @@ Colliersville, twenty-six miles out. I was in the rear car with my staff, dozing, but observed the train slacking speed and stopping about half a mile beyond the depot. I noticed some soldiers running to and fro, got out at the end of the car, and soon Colonel -Anthony (Silty-sixth Indiana), who commanded the post, rode up and +Anthony (Sixty-sixth Indiana), who commanded the post, rode up and said that his pickets had just been driven in, and there was an appearance of an attack by a large force of cavalry coming from the southeast. I ordered the men to get off the train, to form on the @@ -14820,7 +14820,7 @@ damages to the railroad and locomotive, and went on to Corinth. At Corinth, on the 16th, I received the following important dispatches: -MEMPHIS, October 14, 1863--11 a.m. +MEMPHIS, October 14, 1863--11 A.M. Arrived this morning. Will be off in a few hours. My orders are only to go to Cairo, and report from there by telegraph. McPherson @@ -15110,7 +15110,7 @@ confidence, he would betray them into our hands. Of course I wrote him that he must try and settle down and become a gentleman as well as an officer, apply himself to his duties, and forget the wild desires of his nature, which were well enough in time of war, but -not suited to his new condition as an officer; but, poor fellow I +not suited to his new condition as an officer; but, poor fellow! he was killed by an accident, which probably saved him from a slower but harder fate. @@ -15378,7 +15378,7 @@ dispatches from General Burnside, the last which had been received from him by way of Cumberland Gap: HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, CHATTANOOGA, -TENNESSEE, Nov. 29, 1863 +TENNESSEE, Nov. 29, 1863 Major-General W. T. SHERMAN @@ -15483,7 +15483,6 @@ restore to General Thomas the divisions of Howard and Davis, which belonged to his army, and to conduct my own corps (the Fifteenth) to North Alabama for winter-quarters. - HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY OF TENNESSEE, BRIDGEPORT, ALABAMA December 19, 1863 @@ -15515,6 +15514,7 @@ of three brigades, led by Brigadier-General J. M. Corse, Colonel Loomis (Twenty-sixth Illinois), and Colonel J. R. Cockerill (of the Seventieth Ohio). + On the 22d day of September I received a telegraphic dispatch from General Grant, then at Vicksburg, commanding the Department of the Tennessee, requiring me to detach one of my divisions to march to @@ -15899,7 +15899,7 @@ his guns on General Ewing's hill, and Captain Woods his Napoleon battery on General Lightburn's; also, two guns of Dillon's battery were with Colonel Alexander's brigade. All directed their fire as carefully as possible, to clear the hill to our front, without -endangering our own men. The fight raged furiously about 10 a.m., +endangering our own men. The fight raged furiously about 10 A.M., when General Corse received a severe wound, was brought off the field, and the command of the brigade and of the assault at that key-point devolved on that fine young, gallant officer, Colonel @@ -15921,7 +15921,7 @@ disorder to the lower edge of the field, and reformed. These two brigades were in the nature of supports, and did not constitute a part of the real attack. -The movement, seen from Chattanooga (five miles off ) with +The movement, seen from Chattanooga (five miles off) with spy-glasses, gave rise to the report, which even General Meiga has repeated, that we were repulsed on the left. It was not so. The real attacking columns of General Corse, Colonel Loomis, and @@ -15965,11 +15965,11 @@ General Howard had reported to me in the early part of the day, with the remainder of his army corps (the Eleventh), and had been posted to connect my left with Chickamauga Creek. He was ordered to repair an old broken bridge about two miles up the Chickamauga, -and to follow General Davis at 4 a.m., and the Fifteenth Army Corps +and to follow General Davis at 4 A.M., and the Fifteenth Army Corps was ordered to follow at daylight. But General Howard found that to repair the bridge was more of a task than was at first supposed, and we were all compelled to cross the Chickamauga on the new -pontoon-bridge at its mouth. By about 11 a.m. General Jeff. C. +pontoon-bridge at its mouth. By about 11 A.M. General Jeff. C. Davis's division reached the depot, just in time to see it in flames. He found the enemy occupying two hills, partially intrenched, just beyond the depot. These he soon drove away. @@ -16028,7 +16028,7 @@ Graysville, back to the State line; and General Grant, coming to Graysville, consented that, instead of returning direct to Chattanooga, I might send back all my artillery-wagons and impediments, and make a circuit by the north as far as the -Hiawasaee River. +Hiawassee River. Accordingly, on the morning of November 29th, General Howard moved from Parker's Gap to Cleveland, General Davis by way of McDaniel's @@ -16080,7 +16080,7 @@ Major McCoy, at Charleston, to communicate with this cavalry and hurry it forward. It overtook me in the night at Athens. On the 2d of December the army moved rapidly north toward Loudon, -twenty-six miles distant. About 11 a.m., the cavalry passed to the +twenty-six miles distant. About 11 A.M., the cavalry passed to the head of the column, was ordered to push to London, and, if possible, to save a pontoon-bridge across the Tennessee, held by a brigade of the enemy commanded by General Vaughn. The cavalry @@ -16169,7 +16169,7 @@ The general explained to me fully and frankly what he had done, and what he proposed to do. He asked of me nothing but General Granger's command; and suggested, in view of the large force I had brought from Chattanooga, that I should return with due expedition -to the line of the Hiawasaee, lest Bragg, reenforced, might take +to the line of the Hiawassee, lest Bragg, reenforced, might take advantage of our absence to resume the offensive. I asked him to reduce this to writing, which he did, and I here introduce it as part of my report: @@ -16213,7 +16213,7 @@ Howard that the enemy held Charleston, I diverted General Ewing's division to Athena, and went in person to Tellico with General Morgan L. Smith's division. By the 9th all our troops were in position, and we held the rich country between the Little Tennessee -and the Hiawasaee. The cavalry, under Colonel Long, passed the +and the Hiawassee. The cavalry, under Colonel Long, passed the mountain at Tellico, and proceeded about seventeen miles beyond Murphy, when Colonel Long, deeming his farther pursuit of the wagon-train useless, returned on the 12th to Tellico. I then @@ -17948,7 +17948,7 @@ right, crossing the low ground to the north, to get a higher ground, avoid crowding the moving columns, and gain the left (our right) and rear of the "post," and the river-bank above the post. Stuart took the river-road the movement commencing at 11 o'clock -a.m.. After crossing the low ground covered with water, you were +A.M.. After crossing the low ground covered with water, you were called back with Steele, as Stuart had driven out the enemy's rifle-trench pickets, this giving more and feasible room for moving. Stuart was pushed forward, and by dark he and Steele were @@ -18401,7 +18401,7 @@ with propriety press the matter, but if General Buell should be assigned to me specifically I was prepared to assign him to command all the troops on the Mississippi River from Cairo to Natchez, comprising about three divisions, or the equivalent of a corps -d'armee. General Grant never afterward communicated to me on the +d'armée. General Grant never afterward communicated to me on the subject at all; and I inferred that Mr. Stanton, who was notoriously vindictive in his prejudices, would not consent to the employment of these high officers. General Buell, toward the close of the war, @@ -18811,7 +18811,7 @@ McPherson, and Schofield on thousands of matters of detail and arrangement, most of which are embraced in my testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, vol. i., Appendix. -When the time for action approached, viz., May 1,1864, the actual +When the time for action approached, viz., May 1, 1864, the actual armies prepared to move into Georgia resulted as follows, present for battle: Men. @@ -18870,7 +18870,7 @@ Blair, with these two divisions, constituting the Seventeenth Army Corps, did not actually overtake us until we reached Acworth and Big Shanty, in Georgia, about the 9th of June, 1864. -In my letter of April 4th to General John A. Rawains, chief of +In my letter of April 4th to General John A. Rawlins, chief of staff to General Grant at Washington, I described at length all the preparations that were in progress for the active campaign thus contemplated, and therein estimated Schofield at twelve thousand, @@ -19894,7 +19894,7 @@ Stoneman's division of cavalry had occupied Allatoona, on the railroad, and General Garrard's division was at the western end of the pass, about Stilesboro. Colonel W. W. Wright, of the Engineers, was busily employed in repairing the railroad and -rebuilding the bridge across the Etowah (or High tower) River, +rebuilding the bridge across the Etowah (or Hightower) River, which had been destroyed by the enemy on his retreat; and the armies were engaged in a general and constant skirmish along a front of about six miles--McPherson the right, Thomas the centre, @@ -21343,7 +21343,7 @@ overtake and to hurry forward the movement, so as to come up on the left rear of the enemy, during the expected battle. By this time the sound of cannon and musketry denoted a severe -battle as in progress, which began seriously at 11.30 a.m., and +battle as in progress, which began seriously at 11.30 A.M., and ended substantially by 4 p.m. It was a fierce attack by the enemy on our extreme right flank, well posted and partially covered. The most authentic account of the battle is given by General Logan, who @@ -21384,7 +21384,7 @@ from their position. Brigadier-Generals C. R. Woods, Harrow, and Morgan L. Smith, division commanders, are entitled to equal credit for gallant conduct and skill in repelling the assault. My thanks are due to -Major-Generals Blair and Dodge for sending me reenforeements at a +Major-Generals Blair and Dodge for sending me reenforcements at a time when they were much needed. My losses were fifty killed, four hundred and forty-nine wounded, and seventy-three missing: aggregate, five hundred and seventy-two. @@ -21899,7 +21899,7 @@ original plan. Meantime, the damage done to our own railroad and telegraph by Wheeler, about Resaca and Dalton, had been repaired, and Wheeler himself was too far away to be of any service to his own army, and where he could not do us much harm, viz., up about -the Hiawaesee. On the 24th I rode down to the Chattahoochee +the Hiawassee. On the 24th I rode down to the Chattahoochee bridge, to see in person that it could be properly defended by the single corps proposed to be left there for that purpose, and found that the rebel works, which had been built by Johnston to resist @@ -22052,7 +22052,7 @@ bivouac, called him out to listen to the reverberations which came from the direction of Atlanta (twenty miles to the north of us), and inquired of him if he had resided there long. He said he had, and that these sounds were just like those of a battle. An -interval of quiet then ensued, when again, about 4 a.m., arose +interval of quiet then ensued, when again, about 4 A.M., arose other similar explosions, but I still remained in doubt whether the enemy was engaged in blowing up his own magazines, or whether General Slocum had not felt forward, and become engaged in a real @@ -23474,7 +23474,7 @@ we took full advantage of the occasion. On the 26th I received this dispatch. -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA,September 26,1864-10 a.m. +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA,September 26,1864-10 A.M. Major-General SHERMAN, Atlanta It will be better to drive Forrest out of Middle Tennessee as a @@ -23518,7 +23518,7 @@ Louisville, to be sent thence by mail to Washington, and on the same day received this dispatch: -WASHINGTON, D. C., September 27, 1864-9 a.m. +WASHINGTON, D. C., September 27, 1864-9 A.M. Major-General SHERMAN, Atlanta: You say Jeff Davis is on a visit to General Hood. I judge that Brown and Stephens are the objects of his visit. @@ -23586,7 +23586,7 @@ closed. On the 28th I received from General Grant two dispatches -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA; September 27, 1864-8.30 a.m. +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA; September 27, 1864-8.30 A.M. Major-General SHERMAN: It is evident, from the tone of the Richmond press and from other sources of information, that the enemy intend making a desperate @@ -23598,7 +23598,7 @@ better be recalled and his surplus troops sent into Tennessee. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA; September 27, 1864-10.30 a.m. +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA; September 27, 1864-10.30 A.M. Major-General SHERMAN: I have directed all recruits and new troops from all the Western States to be sent to Nashville, to receive their further orders @@ -23712,7 +23712,7 @@ present aide-de-camp. He had two small redoubts on either side of the railroad, overlooking the village of Allatoona, and the warehouses, in which were stored over a million rations of bread. -Reaching Kenesaw Mountain about 8 a.m. of October 5th (a beautiful +Reaching Kenesaw Mountain about 8 A.M. of October 5th (a beautiful day), I had a superb view of the vast panorama to the north and west. To the southwest, about Dallas, could be seen the smoke of camp-fires, indicating the presence of a large force of the enemy, @@ -23767,7 +23767,7 @@ a train of thirty empty cars was started for him, but about ten of them got off the track and caused delay. By 7 p.m. he had at Rome a train of twenty cars, which he loaded up with Colonel Rowett's brigade, and part of the Twelfth Illinois Infantry; started at 8 -p.m., reached Allatoona (distant thirty-five miles) at 1 a.m. of +p.m., reached Allatoona (distant thirty-five miles) at 1 A.M. of the 5th, and sent the train back for more men; but the road was in bad order, and no more men came in time. He found Colonel Tourtellotte's garrison composed of eight hundred and ninety men; @@ -23778,7 +23778,7 @@ from the village to the ridge on which the redoubts were built. The enemy was composed of French's division of three brigades, variously reported from four to five thousand strong. This force -gradually surrounded the place by 8 a.m., when General French sent +gradually surrounded the place by 8 A.M., when General French sent in by flag of truce this note: @@ -23826,7 +23826,7 @@ overlooked the storehouses close by the railroad, and each could aid the other defensively by catching in flank the attacking force of the other. Our troops at first endeavored to hold some ground outside the redoubts, but were soon driven inside, when the enemy -made repeated assaults, but were always driven back. About 11 a.m., +made repeated assaults, but were always driven back. About 11 A.M., Colonel Redfield, of the Thirty-ninth Iowa, was killed, and Colonel Rowett was wounded, but never ceased to fight and encourage his men. Colonel Tourtellotte was shot through the hips, but continued @@ -24065,7 +24065,7 @@ following letter: HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF TENNESSEE IN THE FIELD, October 12,1861. -To the officer commanding the United Stales Forces at Resaca, +To the officer commanding the United States Forces at Resaca, Georgia. SIR: I demand the immediate and unconditional surrender of the post @@ -24146,7 +24146,7 @@ Blue Mountain. We can maintain our men and animals on the country. General Thomas's reply was: -NASHVILLE, October 17, 1864--10.30 a.m. +NASHVILLE, October 17, 1864--10.30 A.M. Major-General SHERMAN: @@ -24545,7 +24545,7 @@ W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General. That same day I received, in answer to the Rome dispatch, the following: -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, November 2,1864--11.30 a.m. +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, November 2,1864--11.30 A.M. Major-General SHERMAN: @@ -24879,7 +24879,7 @@ and one ambulance; behind each brigade should follow a due proportion of ammunition-wagons, provision-wagons, and ambulances. In case of danger, each corps commander should change this order of march, by having his advance and rear brigades unencumbered by -wheels. The separate columns will start habitually at 7 a.m., and +wheels. The separate columns will start habitually at 7 A.M., and make about fifteen miles per day, unless otherwise fixed in orders. 4. The army will forage liberally on the country during the march. @@ -25031,7 +25031,7 @@ erysipelas that he was reluctantly compelled to leave us for the rear; and he could not, on recovering, rejoin us till we had reached Savannah. -About 7 a.m. of November 16th we rode out of Atlanta by the Decatur +About 7 A.M. of November 16th we rode out of Atlanta by the Decatur road, filled by the marching troops and wagons of the Fourteenth Corps; and reaching the hill, just outside of the old rebel works, we naturally paused to look back upon the scenes of our past @@ -27369,7 +27369,7 @@ secure possession of the needful buildings and offices, and give the necessary orders, to the end that the army may be supplied abundantly and well. -S. The chief-engineer, Captain Poe, will at once direct which of +3. The chief-engineer, Captain Poe, will at once direct which of the enemy's forts are to be retained for our use, and which dismantled and destroyed. The chief ordnance-officer, Captain Baylor, will in like manner take possession of all property @@ -27578,7 +27578,7 @@ Generals Easton and Beckwith had organized a complete depot of supplies; and, though vessels arrived almost daily with mails and provisions, we were hardly ready to initiate a new and hazardous campaign. I had not yet received from General Grant or General -Halleck any modification of the orders of December 6,1864, to +Halleck any modification of the orders of December 6, 1864, to embark my command for Virginia by sea; but on the 2d of January, 1865, General J. G. Barnard, United States Engineers, arrived direct from General Grant's headquarters, bearing the following @@ -28228,7 +28228,7 @@ recruit, go to assist his family and settlement in procuring agricultural implements, seed, tools, boots, clothing, and other articles necessary for their livelihood. -8. Whenever three respectable negroes, heads of families, shall +3. Whenever three respectable negroes, heads of families, shall desire to settle on land, and shall have selected for that purpose an island or a locality clearly defined within the limits above designated, the Inspector of Settlements and Plantations will @@ -29744,7 +29744,7 @@ some of which were carried four or five blocks, and started new fires. The men seemed generally under good control, and certainly labored hard to girdle the fire, to prevent its spreading; but, so long as the high wind prevailed, it was simply beyond human -possibility. Fortunately, about 3 or 4 a.m., the wind moderated, +possibility. Fortunately, about 3 or 4 A.M., the wind moderated, and gradually the fire was got under control; but it had burned out the very heart of the city, embracing several churches, the old State-House, and the school or asylum of that very Sister of @@ -31308,7 +31308,7 @@ honorable and gallant defense, he was compelled to lower to the insurgents in South Carolina, in April, 1861. The ceremonies for the occasion will commence with prayer, at -thirty minutes past eleven o'clock a.m. +thirty minutes past eleven o'clock A.M. At noon precisely, the flag will be raised and saluted with one hundred guns from Fort Sumter, and with a national salute from Fort @@ -31340,7 +31340,7 @@ Copy of Major ANDERSON's Dispatch, announcing the Surrender of Fort Sumter, April 14, 1861. STEAMSHIP BALTIC, OFF SANDY HOOK -April 10, 1861, 10.30 a.m. via New York +April 10, 1861, 10.30 A.M. via New York Honorable S. Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington @@ -32262,7 +32262,7 @@ volunteered to say that he hoped I would succeed in obtaining his surrender, as the whole army dreaded the long march to Charlotte (one hundred and seventy-five miles), already begun, but which had been interrupted by the receipt of General Johnston's letter of the -13th. We reached Durham's, twenty-six miles, about 10 a.m., where +13th. We reached Durham's, twenty-six miles, about 10 A.M., where General Kilpatrick had a squadron of cavalry drawn up to receive me. We passed into the house in which he had his headquarters, and soon after mounted some led horses, which he had prepared for @@ -32685,7 +32685,7 @@ orders, and thence by sea to North Carolina. Nothing of interest happened at Raleigh till the evening of April 23d, when Major Hitchcock reported by telegraph his return to Morehead City, and that he would come up by rail during the night. He arrived at 6 -a.m., April 24th, accompanied by General Grant and one or two +A.M., April 24th, accompanied by General Grant and one or two officers of his staff, who had not telegraphed the fact of their being on the train, for prudential reasons. Of course, I was both surprised and pleased to see the general, soon learned that my @@ -33402,7 +33402,7 @@ North Carolina had never been revoked or modified. [Second Bulletin.] -WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, April 27 9.30 a.m. +WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, April 27 9.30 A.M. To Major-General DIX: @@ -33948,7 +33948,7 @@ would settle down to about one thousand men. Three such regiments would compose a brigade, three brigades a division, and three divisions a corps. Then, by allowing to an infantry corps a brigade of cavalry and six batteries of -field-artillery, we would have an efficient corps d'armee of +field-artillery, we would have an efficient corps d'armée of thirty thousand men, whose organization would be simple and most efficient, and whose strength should never be allowed to fall below twenty-five thousand men. @@ -34138,7 +34138,7 @@ as a corps should have food on hand for twenty days ready for detachment, it should have three hundred such wagons, as a provision-train; and for forage, ammunition, clothing, and other necessary stores, it was found necessary to have three hundred more -wagons, or six hundred wagons in all, for a corps d'armee. +wagons, or six hundred wagons in all, for a corps d'armée. These should be absolutely under the immediate control of the corps commander, who will, however, find it economical to distribute them @@ -34606,7 +34606,7 @@ the brigade, who should be good riders, and intelligent enough to give and explain the orders of their general. The same staff will answer for a division. The general in command -of a separate army, and of a corps d'armee, should have the same +of a separate army, and of a corps d'armée, should have the same professional assistance, with two or more good engineers, and his adjutant-general should exercise all the functions usually ascribed to a chief of staff, viz., he should possess the ability to @@ -34652,7 +34652,7 @@ the old one on the same subject. While conceding to the Minister of War in Paris the general control and supervision of the entire military establishment primarily, especially of the annual estimates or budget, and the great depots of supply, it distributes -to the commanders of the corps d'armee in time of peace, and to all +to the commanders of the corps d'armée in time of peace, and to all army commanders generally in time of war, the absolute command of the money, provisions, and stores, with the necessary staff- officers to receive, issue, and account for them. I quote further: @@ -34759,7 +34759,7 @@ regulations can be made that meets the case, until Congress, like the French Corps Legislatif, utterly annihilates and "proscribes" the old law and the system which has grown up under it. -It is related of Napoleon that his last words were, "Tete d'armee!" +It is related of Napoleon that his last words were, "Tete d'armée!" Doubtless, as the shadow of death obscured his memory, the last thought that remained for speech was of some event when he was directing an important "head of column." I believe that every @@ -37050,7 +37050,7 @@ the year 1884 retire from the command of the army, leaving him about an equal period of time for the highest office in the army. It so happened that Congress had meantime by successive "enactments" cut down the army to twenty-five thousand men, the usual strength -of a corps d'armee, the legitimate command of a lieutenant-general. +of a corps d'armée, the legitimate command of a lieutenant-general. Up to 1882 officers not disabled by wounds or sickness could only avail themselves of the privileges of retirement on application, after thirty years of service, at sixty-two years of age; but on diff --git a/4361-h/4361-h.htm b/4361-h/4361-h.htm index 8bccb50..35333b9 100644 --- a/4361-h/4361-h.htm +++ b/4361-h/4361-h.htm @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> -<title>MEMOIRS OF GENERAL SHERMAN, COMPLETE | Project Gutenberg</title> +<title>Memoirs of General Sherman, Complete | Project Gutenberg</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover"> @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; } - blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} .mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;} .toc { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;} .toc2 { margin-left: 20%;} @@ -47,65 +47,65 @@ by clicking on this link. DW</a></i> </div> <p> - <br > + <br> </p> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <hr > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h1>MEMOIRS OF GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN</h1> <h2>By William T. Sherman</h2> </div> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <h2>VOLUME I.</h2> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<div style="text-align: center"><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="bookcover.jpg (145K)" src="images/cover.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<div style="text-align: center"><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="bookspine.jpg (47K)" src="images/bookspine.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<div style="text-align: center"><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="titlepage.jpg (30K)" src="images/titlepage.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<div style="text-align: center"><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="bookcover.jpg (145K)" src="images/cover.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<div style="text-align: center"><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="bookspine.jpg (47K)" src="images/bookspine.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<div style="text-align: center"><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="titlepage.jpg (30K)" src="images/titlepage.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="PortraitSherman"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="PortraitSherman.jpg (73K)" -src="images/PortraitSherman.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +src="images/PortraitSherman.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <h2>VOLUME I.</h2> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN</p> <p>HIS COMRADES IN ARMS,</p> <p>VOLUNTEERS AND REGULARS.</p> @@ -136,14 +136,14 @@ dying for, if need be.</p> from the usage of military men, who seldom attempt to publish their own deeds, but rest content with simply contributing by their acts to the honor and glory of their country.</p> -<p>WILLIAM T. SHERMAN,<br > +<p>WILLIAM T. SHERMAN,<br> General</p> -<p>St. Louis, Missouri, January 21, 1875.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +<p>St. Louis, Missouri, January 21, 1875.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <h2>PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.</h2> <p>Another ten years have passed since I ventured to publish my Memoirs, and, being once more at leisure, I have revised them in @@ -204,181 +204,181 @@ generation must be content with memoirs and histories compiled from the best sources available.</p> <p>In this sense I offer mine as to the events of which I was an eye-witness and participant, or for which I was responsible.</p> -<p>WILLIAM T. SHERMAN,<br > +<p>WILLIAM T. SHERMAN,<br> General (retired).</p> -<p>St. Louis, Missouri, March 30, 1885.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +<p>St. Louis, Missouri, March 30, 1885.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <h2>CONTENTS</h2> -<br > +<br> <h2>VOLUME I.</h2> <p>I.</p> -<a href="#ch1">FROM 1820 TO THE MEXICAN WAR, 1846</a><br ><br > +<a href="#ch1">FROM 1820 TO THE MEXICAN WAR, 1846</a><br><br> <p>II.</p> <a href="#ch2">EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OF -CALIFORNIA—1846-1848</a><br ><br > +CALIFORNIA—1846-1848</a><br><br> <p>III.</p> <a href="#ch3">EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OF -CALIFORNIA—(Continued)—1849-1850</a><br ><br > +CALIFORNIA—(Continued)—1849-1850</a><br><br> <p>IV.</p> <a href="#ch4">MISSOURI, LOUISIANA, AND -CALIFORNIA—1850-1855</a><br ><br > +CALIFORNIA—1850-1855</a><br><br> <p>V.</p> -<a href="#ch5">CALIFORNIA—1855-1857</a><br ><br > +<a href="#ch5">CALIFORNIA—1855-1857</a><br><br> <p>VI.</p> <a href="#ch6">CALIFORNIA, NEW YORK, AND -KANSAS—1857-1859</a><br ><br > +KANSAS—1857-1859</a><br><br> <p>VII.</p> -<a href="#ch7">LOUISIANA—1859-1861</a><br ><br > +<a href="#ch7">LOUISIANA—1859-1861</a><br><br> <p>VIII. </p> -<a href="#ch8">MISSOURI—APRIL AND MAY, 1861</a><br ><br > +<a href="#ch8">MISSOURI—APRIL AND MAY, 1861</a><br><br> <p>IX.</p> <a href="#ch9">FROM THE BATTLE OF BULL RUN TO -PADUCAH—1861-1862</a><br ><br > +PADUCAH—1861-1862</a><br><br> <p>X.</p> <a href="#ch10">BATTLE OF SHILOH—MARCH AND APRIL, -1862</a><br ><br > +1862</a><br><br> <p>XI.</p> -<a href="#ch11">SHILOH TO MEMPIIIs-APRIL TO JULY, 1862</a><br ><br > +<a href="#ch11">SHILOH TO MEMPIIIs-APRIL TO JULY, 1862</a><br><br> <p>XII.</p> <a href="#ch12">MEMPHIS To ARKANSAS POST—JULY, 1862, TO -JANUARY, 1863</a><br ><br > +JANUARY, 1863</a><br><br> <p>XIII. </p> -<a href="#ch13">VICKSBURG—JANUARY TO JULY, 1863</a><br ><br > +<a href="#ch13">VICKSBURG—JANUARY TO JULY, 1863</a><br><br> <p>XIV.</p> <a href="#ch14">CHATTANOOGA AND KNOXVILLE—JULY TO -DECEMBER, 1863</a><br ><br > +DECEMBER, 1863</a><br><br> <p>XV.</p> <a href="#ch15">MERIDIAN CAMPAIGN—JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, -1864</a><br ><br > +1864</a><br><br> <p> </p> -<a href="#Appendix">APPENDIX TO VOLUME ONE</a><br ><br > +<a href="#Appendix">APPENDIX TO VOLUME ONE</a><br><br> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <h2>VOLUME II.</h2> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>XVI.</p> <a href="#ch16">ATLANTA CAMPAIGN-NASHVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA TO -KENESAW—MARCH, APRIL, AND MAY, 1864</a><br ><br > +KENESAW—MARCH, APRIL, AND MAY, 1864</a><br><br> <p>XVII.</p> <a href="#ch17">ATLANTA CAMPAIGN—BATTLES ABOUT KENESAW -MOUNTAIN—JUNE, 1864</a><br ><br > +MOUNTAIN—JUNE, 1864</a><br><br> <p>XVIII. </p> <a href="#ch18">ATLANTA CAMPAIGN—BATTLES ABOUT -ATLANTA—JULY, 1864</a><br ><br > +ATLANTA—JULY, 1864</a><br><br> <p>XIX.</p> <a href="#ch19">CAPTURE OF ATLANTA—AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, -1864</a><br ><br > +1864</a><br><br> <p>XX.</p> <a href="#ch20">ATLANTA AND AFTER—PURSUIT OF -HOOD—SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, 1864</a><br ><br > +HOOD—SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, 1864</a><br><br> <p>XXI.</p> <a href="#ch21">THE MARCH TO THE SEA--FROM ATLANTA TO -SAVANNAH--NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER, 1864</a><br ><br > +SAVANNAH--NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER, 1864</a><br><br> <p>XXII.</p> <a href="#ch22">SAVANNAH AND POCOTALIGO--DECEMBER, 1864, AND -JANUARY, 1865</a><br ><br > +JANUARY, 1865</a><br><br> <p>XXIII. </p> <a href="#ch23">CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS--FEBRUARY AND MARCH, -1865</a><br ><br > +1865</a><br><br> <p>XXIV.</p> <a href="#ch24">END OF THE WAR--FROM GOLDSBORO' TO RALEIGH AND -WASHINGTON--APRIL AND MAY, 1865</a><br ><br > +WASHINGTON--APRIL AND MAY, 1865</a><br><br> <p>XXV.</p> <a href="#ch25">CONCLUSION--MILITARY LESSONS OF THE -WAR</a><br ><br > +WAR</a><br><br> <p>XXVI.</p> -<a href="#ch26">AFTER THE WAR</a><br ><br > +<a href="#ch26">AFTER THE WAR</a><br><br> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> -<a href="#PortraitSherman">Portrait of General Sherman.</a><br ><br > +<a href="#PortraitSherman">Portrait of General Sherman.</a><br><br> <a href="#Shiloh">Map—Region about Shiloh, Corinth and -Iuka.</a><br ><br > +Iuka.</a><br><br> <a href="#Arkansas_Post">Map—Arkansas Post -Captured.</a><br ><br > +Captured.</a><br><br> <a href="#Steele_Bayou">Map—Expedition to Steele's Bayou, -Deer Creek, etc.</a><br ><br > +Deer Creek, etc.</a><br><br> <a href="#Vicksburg">Map—Turning Operation—The -Vicksburg Campaign 1863</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Meridian">Map—Meridian Campaign</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Portrait_Thomas">Portrait of General Thomas</a><br ><br > +Vicksburg Campaign 1863</a><br><br> +<a href="#Meridian">Map—Meridian Campaign</a><br><br> +<a href="#Portrait_Thomas">Portrait of General Thomas</a><br><br> <a href="#Portrait_McPherson">Portrait of General -McPherson</a><br ><br > +McPherson</a><br><br> <a href="#Portrait_Schofield">Portrait of General -Schofield</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Atlanta_1">Map—Atlanta Campaign I.</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Atlanta_2">Map—Atlanta Campaign II.</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Atlanta_3">Map—Atlanta Campaign III.</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Atlanta_4">Map—Atlanta Campaign IV.</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Atlanta_5">Map—Atlanta Campaign V.</a><br ><br > +Schofield</a><br><br> +<a href="#Atlanta_1">Map—Atlanta Campaign I.</a><br><br> +<a href="#Atlanta_2">Map—Atlanta Campaign II.</a><br><br> +<a href="#Atlanta_3">Map—Atlanta Campaign III.</a><br><br> +<a href="#Atlanta_4">Map—Atlanta Campaign IV.</a><br><br> +<a href="#Atlanta_5">Map—Atlanta Campaign V.</a><br><br> <a href="#Atlanta_6">Map—Atlanta Campaign VI.—Siege of -Atlanta</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Atlanta_7">Map--Atlanta to Savannah.</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Savannah">Map--Savannah to Columbia</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Columbia">Map--Columbia to Raleigh</a><br ><br > -<a href="#Raleigh">Map--Raleigh to Washington</a><br ><br > +Atlanta</a><br><br> +<a href="#Atlanta_7">Map--Atlanta to Savannah.</a><br><br> +<a href="#Savannah">Map--Savannah to Columbia</a><br><br> +<a href="#Columbia">Map--Columbia to Raleigh</a><br><br> +<a href="#Raleigh">Map--Raleigh to Washington</a><br><br> <a href="#Commanders">Army and Corps Commanders--End of -War</a><br ><br > +War</a><br><br> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> -<h1>MEMOIRS OF<br > +<h1>MEMOIRS OF<br> GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMAN.</h1> </div> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="ch1"></a> <h2>CHAPTER I.</h2> <h3>FROM 1820 TO THE MEXICAN WAR.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>1820-1846.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>According to Cothren, in his "History of Ancient Woodbury, Connecticut," the Sherman family came from Dedham, Essex County, England. The first recorded name is of Edmond Sherman, with his @@ -467,57 +467,57 @@ William Tecumseh.</p> girls, all of whom attained maturity and married; of these six are still living.</p> <p>In the year 1821 a vacancy occurred in the Supreme Court of -Ohio, and I find this petition:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -Somerset, Ohio, July 6, 1821.<br > -<br > -May it please your Excellency:<br > -<br > +Ohio, and I find this petition:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +Somerset, Ohio, July 6, 1821.<br> +<br> +May it please your Excellency:<br> +<br> We ask leave to recommend to your Excellency's favorable notice Charles R. Sherman, Esq., of Lancaster, as a man possessing in an eminent degree those qualifications so much to be desired in a -Judge of the Supreme Court.<br > -<br > +Judge of the Supreme Court.<br> +<br> From a long acquaintance with Mr. Sherman, we are happy to be able to state to your Excellency that our minds are led to the conclusion that that gentleman possesses a disposition noble and generous, a mind discriminating, comprehensive, and combining a heart pure, benevolent and humane. Manners dignified, mild, and complaisant, and a firmness not to be shaken and of unquestioned -integrity.<br > -<br > +integrity.<br> +<br> But Mr. Sherman's character cannot be unknown to your Excellency, and on that acquaintance without further comment we might safely -rest his pretensions.<br > -<br > +rest his pretensions.<br> +<br> We think we hazard little in assuring your Excellency that his appointment would give almost universal satisfaction to the -citizens of Perry County.<br > -<br > -With great consideration, we have the honor to be<br > -<br > -Your Excellency's most obedient humble servants,<br > -<br > -CHARLES A. HOOD,<br > -GEORGE TREAT,<br > -PETER DITTOR,<br > -P. ODLIN,<br > -J. B. ORTEN,<br > -T. BECKWITH,<br > -WILLIAM P. DORST,<br > -JOHN MURRAY,<br > -JACOB MOINS,<br > -B. EATON,<br > -DANIEL GRIGGS,<br > -HENRY DITTOE,<br > -NICHOLAS McCARTY.<br > -<br > -<br > -His Excellency ETHAN A. BROWN,<br > +citizens of Perry County.<br> +<br> +With great consideration, we have the honor to be<br> +<br> +Your Excellency's most obedient humble servants,<br> +<br> +CHARLES A. HOOD,<br> +GEORGE TREAT,<br> +PETER DITTOR,<br> +P. ODLIN,<br> +J. B. ORTEN,<br> +T. BECKWITH,<br> +WILLIAM P. DORST,<br> +JOHN MURRAY,<br> +JACOB MOINS,<br> +B. EATON,<br> +DANIEL GRIGGS,<br> +HENRY DITTOE,<br> +NICHOLAS McCARTY.<br> +<br> +<br> +His Excellency ETHAN A. BROWN,<br> Governor of Ohio, Columbus.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>He was soon after appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court, and served in that capacity to the day of his death.</p> <p>My memory extends back to about 1827, and I recall him, @@ -1328,19 +1328,19 @@ the judicious management of General Scott.</p> <p>Still, civil war was to be; and, now that it has come and gone, we can rest secure in the knowledge that as the chief cause, slavery, has been eradicated forever, it is not likely to come -again.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +again.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch2"></a>CHAPTER II.</h2> <h3>EARLY RECOLLECTIONS of CALIFORNIA.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>1846-1848.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>In the spring of 1846 I was a first lieutenant of Company C,1, Third Artillery, stationed at Fort Moultrie, South Carolina. The company was commanded by Captain Robert Anderson; Henry B. Judd was @@ -3128,19 +3128,19 @@ mines. Stockton also had been chosen as a convenient point for trading with the lower or southern mines. Captain Sutter was the sole proprietor of the former, and Captain Charles Weber was the owner of the site of Stockton, which was as yet known as "French -Camp."<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +Camp."<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="ch3"></a> <h2>CHAPTER III.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OF CALIFORNIA—(CONTINUED).</h3> -<br > -<p>1849-1850.<br ></p> +<br> +<p>1849-1850.<br></p> </div> <p>The department headquarters still remained at Monterey, but, with the few soldiers, we had next to nothing to do. In midwinter @@ -3500,7 +3500,7 @@ went to my room and to bed.</p> seven officers willing to go, but the difficulty was to get horses and saddles. I went down to Larkin's house and got General Smith to consent that we might take the horses I had bought for our trip. It -was nearly three o'clock a.m. before we were all mounted and ready. +was nearly three o'clock A.M. before we were all mounted and ready. I had a musket which I used for hunting. With this I led off at a canter, followed by the others. About six miles out, by the faint moon, I saw ahead of us in the sandy road some blue coats, and, @@ -3933,20 +3933,20 @@ manner was very unmilitary, and in his talk he stammered and hesitated, so as to make an unfavorable impression on a stranger; but he was wonderfully accurate and skillful with his pen, and his orders and letters form a model of military precision and -clearness.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +clearness.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="ch4"></a> <h2>CHAPTER IV.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>MISSOURI, LOUISIANA, AND CALIFORNIA</h3> -<br > -<p>1850-1855.<br ></p> +<br> +<p>1850-1855.<br></p> </div> <p>Having returned from California in January, 1850, with dispatches for the War Department, and having delivered them in @@ -4752,22 +4752,22 @@ brick-houses, on ground which he had leased of Nicholson. I bought one of these houses, subject to the ground-rent, and moved into it as soon as finished. Lieutenant T. H. Stevens, of the United States Navy, with his family, rented the other; we lived in this house -throughout the year 1854, and up to April 17, 1855.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +throughout the year 1854, and up to April 17, 1855.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch5"></a>CHAPTER V.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>CALIFORNIA</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>1855-1857.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>During the winter of 1854-'55, I received frequent intimations in my letters from the St. Louis house, that the bank of Page, Bacon & Co. was in trouble, growing out of their relations to @@ -5034,7 +5034,7 @@ assent. Nisbet handed him his two acceptances, and he handed me his check, signed as collector of the port, on Major J. R. Snyder, United States Treasurer, for forty thousand dollars. I afterward rode out, that night, to Major Snyder's house on North Beach, saw -him, and he agreed to meet me at 8 a.m. next day, at the United +him, and he agreed to meet me at 8 A.M. next day, at the United States Mint, and to pay the check, so that I could have the money before the bank opened. The next morning, as agreed on, we met, and he paid me the check in two sealed bags of gold-coin, each marked @@ -5654,22 +5654,22 @@ and disagreeable part of collecting their own moneys and selling the real estate, to which the firm had succeeded by purchase or foreclosure. One of the partners, B. R. Nisbet, assisted by our attorney, S. M. Bowman, Esq., remained behind to close up the -business of the bank.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +business of the bank.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="ch6"></a> <h2>CHAPTER VI.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>CALIFORNIA, NEW YORK, AND KANSAS.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>1857-1859.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>Having closed the bank at San Francisco on the 1st day of May, 1857, accompanied by my family I embarked in the steamer Sonora for Panama, crossed the isthmus, and sailed to New York, whence we @@ -6008,22 +6008,22 @@ of hospitality and friendship. I was not indebted to General Bragg, because he himself told me that he was not even aware that I was an applicant, and had favored the selection of Major Jenkins, another West Point graduate. General Beauregard had nothing whatever to do -with the matter. .<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +with the matter. .<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="ch7"></a> <h2>CHAPTER VII.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>LOUISIANA</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>1859-1861.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>In the autumn of 1859, having made arrangements for my family to remain in Lancaster, I proceeded, via Columbus, Cincinnati, and Louisville, to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where I reported for duty to @@ -6424,49 +6424,49 @@ period. The seizure of the arsenal at Baton Rouge occurred January 10, 1861, and the secession ordinance was not passed until about the 25th or 26th of the same month. At all events, after the seizure of the arsenal, and before the passage of the ordinance of -secession, viz., on the 18th of January, I wrote as follows:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -Louisiana State Seminary of Learning and Military Academy<br > -January 18, 1861<br > -<br > -Governor THOMAS O. MOORE, Baton, Rouge, Louisiana.<br > -<br > +secession, viz., on the 18th of January, I wrote as follows:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +Louisiana State Seminary of Learning and Military Academy<br> +January 18, 1861<br> +<br> +Governor THOMAS O. MOORE, Baton, Rouge, Louisiana.<br> +<br> Sir: As I occupy a quasi-military position under the laws of the State, I deem it proper to acquaint you that I accepted such position when Louisiana was a State in the Union, and when the motto of this seminary was inserted in marble over the main door: "By the liberality of the General Government of the United States. -The Union—esto perpetua."<br > -<br > +The Union—esto perpetua."<br> +<br> Recent events foreshadow a great change, and it becomes all men to choose. If Louisiana withdraw from the Federal Union, I prefer to maintain my allegiance to the Constitution as long as a fragment of it survives; and my longer stay here would be wrong in every sense -of the word.<br > -<br > +of the word.<br> +<br> In that event, I beg you will send or appoint some authorized agent to take charge of the arms and munitions of war belonging to the -State, or advise me what disposition to make of them.<br > -<br > +State, or advise me what disposition to make of them.<br> +<br> And furthermore, as president of the Board of Supervisors, I beg you to take immediate steps to relieve me as superintendent, the moment the State determines to secede, for on no earthly account will I do any act or think any thought hostile to or in defiance of -the old Government of the United States.<br > -<br > -With great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Superintendent.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[PRIVATE.]<br > -<br > -January 18, 1861.<br > -<br > -To Governor Moore:<br > -<br > +the old Government of the United States.<br> +<br> +With great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Superintendent.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[PRIVATE.]<br> +<br> +January 18, 1861.<br> +<br> +To Governor Moore:<br> +<br> My Dear Sir: I take it for granted that you have been expecting for some days the accompanying paper from me (the above official letter). I have repeatedly and again made known to General Graham @@ -6475,18 +6475,18 @@ hitherto existing between the Confederated States of this Union, I would be forced to choose the old Union. It is barely possible all the States may secede, South and North, that new combinations may result, but this process will be one of time and uncertainty, and I -cannot with my opinions await the subsequent development.<br > -<br > +cannot with my opinions await the subsequent development.<br> +<br> I have never been a politician, and therefore undervalue the excited feelings and opinions of present rulers, but I do think, if this people cannot execute a form of government like the present, -that a worse one will result.<br > -<br > +that a worse one will result.<br> +<br> I will keep the cadets as quiet as possible. They are nervous, but I think the interest of the State requires them here, guarding this property, and acquiring a knowledge which will be useful to your -State in after-times.<br > -<br > +State in after-times.<br> +<br> When I leave, which I now regard as certain, the present professors can manage well enough, to afford you leisure time to find a suitable successor to me. You might order Major Smith to receipt @@ -6495,19 +6495,19 @@ exercises could go on under the board. In time, some gentleman will turn up, better qualified than I am, to carry on the seminary to its ultimate point of success. I entertain the kindest feelings toward all, and would leave the State with much regret; only in -great events we must choose, one way or the other.<br > -<br > -Truly, your friend,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -January 19, 1881—Saturday.<br > -<br > +great events we must choose, one way or the other.<br> +<br> +Truly, your friend,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +January 19, 1881—Saturday.<br> +<br> Dr. S. A. Smith, President Board of Supervisors, Baton Rouge, -Louisiana.<br > -<br > +Louisiana.<br> +<br> Dear Sir: I have just finished my quarterly reports to the parents of all the cadets here, or who have been here. All my books of account are written up to date. All bills for the houses, fences, @@ -6525,32 +6525,32 @@ Wickliffe, and you know that last winter I declined a most advantageous offer of employment abroad; and thus far I have received nothing as superintendent of the arsenal, though I went to Washington and New York (at my own expense) on the faith of the -five hundred dollars salary promised.<br > -<br > +five hundred dollars salary promised.<br> +<br> These are all small matters in comparison with those involved in the present state of the country, which will cause sacrifices by millions, instead of by hundreds. The more I think of it, the more I think I should be away, the sooner the better; and therefore I hope you will join with Governor Moors in authorizing me to turn over to Major Smith the military command here, and to the academic -board the control of the daily exercises and recitations.<br > -<br > +board the control of the daily exercises and recitations.<br> +<br> There will be no necessity of your coming up. You can let Major Smith receive the few hundreds of cash I have on hand, and I can meet you on a day certain in New Orleans, when we can settle the bank account. Before I leave, I can pay the steward Jarrean his account for the month, and there would be no necessity for other payments till about the close of March, by which time the board can -meet, and elect a treasurer and superintendent also.<br > -<br > +meet, and elect a treasurer and superintendent also.<br> +<br> At present I have no class, and there will be none ready till about the month of May, when there will be a class in "surveying." Even if you do not elect a superintendent in the mean time, Major Smith could easily teach this class, as he is very familiar with the subject-matter: Indeed, I think you will do well to leave the subject of a new superintendent until one perfectly satisfactory -turns up.<br > -<br > +turns up.<br> +<br> There is only one favor I would ask. The seminary has plenty of money in bank. The Legislature will surely appropriate for my salary as superintendent of this arsenal. Would you not let me make @@ -6564,27 +6564,27 @@ in advance, three thousand dollars' worth of the very best arms; and clothing and books, at a clear profit to the seminary of over eight hundred dollars. I may be some time in finding new employment, and will stand in need of this money (five hundred -dollars); otherwise I would abandon it.<br > -<br > +dollars); otherwise I would abandon it.<br> +<br> I will not ask you to put the Board of Supervisors to the trouble -of meeting, unless you can get a quorum at Baton Rouge.<br > -<br > -With great respect, your friend,<br > -<br > +of meeting, unless you can get a quorum at Baton Rouge.<br> +<br> +With great respect, your friend,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>By course of mail, I received the following answer from Governor Moore, the original of which I still possess. It is all in General Braggs handwriting, with which I am familiar.</p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -Executive Office,<br > -<br > -BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA, January 23, 1861<br > -<br > +<blockquote><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +Executive Office,<br> +<br> +BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA, January 23, 1861<br> +<br> MY DEAR SIR: It is with the deepest regret I acknowledge receipt of your communication of the 18th inst. In the pressure of official business, I can now only request you to transfer to Prof. Smith the @@ -6593,139 +6593,139 @@ withdraw from the position you have filled with so much distinction. You cannot regret more than I do the necessity which deprives us of your services, and you will bear with you the respect, confidence, and admiration, of all who have been -associated with you. Very truly, your friend,<br > -<br > -Thomas O. Moore.<br > -<br > +associated with you. Very truly, your friend,<br> +<br> +Thomas O. Moore.<br> +<br> Colonel W. T. SHERMAN, Superintendent Military Academy, Alexandria.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I must have received several letters from Bragg, about this time, which have not been preserved; for I find that, on the 1st of February, 1861, I wrote him thus:</p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -Seminary of Learning Alexandria, LOUISIANA, February 1, 1881.<br > -<br > -Colonel Braxton BRAGG, Baton, Rouge, Louisiana.<br > -<br > +<blockquote><br> +<br> +Seminary of Learning Alexandria, LOUISIANA, February 1, 1881.<br> +<br> +Colonel Braxton BRAGG, Baton, Rouge, Louisiana.<br> +<br> Dear Sir: Yours of January 23d and 27th are received. I thank you most kindly, and Governor Moors through you, for the kind manner in -which you have met my wishes.<br > -<br > +which you have met my wishes.<br> +<br> Now that I cannot be compromised by political events, I will so shape my course as best to serve the institution, which has a -strong hold on my affections and respect.<br > -<br > +strong hold on my affections and respect.<br> +<br> The Board of Supervisors will be called for the 9th instant, and I will cooperate with them in their measures to place matters here on a safe and secure basis. I expect to be here two weeks, and will make you full returns of money and property belonging to the State Central Arsenal. All the arms and ammunition are safely stored here. Then I will write you more at length. With sincere respect, -your friend,<br > -<br > +your friend,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Major Smith's receipt to me, for the arms and property belonging both to the seminary and to the arsenal, is dated February 19, 1861. I subjoin also, in this connection, copies of one or two papers that may prove of interest</p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -BATON ROUGE, January 28, 1881.<br > -To Major SHERMAN, Superintendent, Alexandria.<br > -<br > +<blockquote><br> +<br> +BATON ROUGE, January 28, 1881.<br> +To Major SHERMAN, Superintendent, Alexandria.<br> +<br> My DEAR SIR: Your letter was duly receive, and would have been answered ere this time could I have arranged sooner the matter of the five hundred dollars. I shall go from here to New Orleans to-day or tomorrow, and will remain there till Saturday after next, perhaps. I shall expect to meet you there, as indicated in your -note to me.<br > -<br > +note to me.<br> +<br> I need not tell you that it is with no ordinary regret that I view your determination to leave us, for really I believe that the success of our institution, now almost assured, is jeopardized thereby. I am sore that we will never have a superintendent with whom I shall have more pleasant relations than those which have -existed between yourself and me.<br > -<br > +existed between yourself and me.<br> +<br> I fully appreciate the motives which have induced you to give up a position presenting so many advantages to yourself, and sincerely hope that you may, in any future enterprise, enjoy the success -which your character and ability merit and deserve.<br > -<br > +which your character and ability merit and deserve.<br> +<br> Should you come down on the Rapides (steamer), please look after my wife, who will, I hope, accompany you on said boat, or some other -good one.<br > -<br > +good one.<br> +<br> Colonel Bragg informs me that the necessary orders have been given for the transfer and receipt by Major Smith of the public -property.<br > -<br > +property.<br> +<br> I herewith transmit a request to the secretary to convene the Board of Supervisors, that they may act as seems best to them in the -premises.<br > -<br > +premises.<br> +<br> In the mean time, Major Smith will command by seniority the cadets, and the Academic Board will be able to conduct the scientific exercises of the institution until the Board of Supervisors can have time to act. Hoping to meet you soon at the St. Charles, I -am,<br > -<br > -Most truly, your friend and servant, S. A. Smith<br > -<br > +am,<br> +<br> +Most truly, your friend and servant, S. A. Smith<br> +<br> P. S. Governor Moors desires me to express his profound regret that the State is about to lose one who we all fondly hoped had cast his destinies for weal or for woe among us; and that he is sensible that we lose thereby an officer whom it will be difficult, if not -impossible, to replace.<br > -<br > -S. A. S.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -BATON ROUGE, February 11, 1881.<br > -To Major Sherman, Alexandria.<br > -<br > +impossible, to replace.<br> +<br> +S. A. S.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +BATON ROUGE, February 11, 1881.<br> +To Major Sherman, Alexandria.<br> +<br> Dear Sir: I have been in New Orleans for ten days, and on returning here find two letters from you, also your prompt answer to the resolution of the House of Representatives, for which I am much -obliged.<br > -<br > +obliged.<br> +<br> The resolution passed the last day before adjournment. I was purposing to respond, when your welcome reports came to hand. I -have arranged to pay you your five hundred dollars.<br > -<br > +have arranged to pay you your five hundred dollars.<br> +<br> I will say nothing of general politics, except to give my opinion -that there is not to be any war.<br > -<br > +that there is not to be any war.<br> +<br> In that event, would it not be possible for you to become a citizen of our State? Everyone deplores your determination to leave us. At the same time, your friends feel that you are abandoning a position -that might become an object of desire to any one.<br > -<br > +that might become an object of desire to any one.<br> +<br> I will try to meet you in New Orleans at any time you may indicate; but it would be best for you to stop here, when, if possible, I will accompany you. Should you do so, you will find me just above -the State-House, and facing it.<br > -<br > -Bring with you a few copies of the "Rules of the Seminary."<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > -S. A. Smith<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -Colonel W. T. SHERMAN.<br > -<br > +the State-House, and facing it.<br> +<br> +Bring with you a few copies of the "Rules of the Seminary."<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> +S. A. Smith<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +Colonel W. T. SHERMAN.<br> +<br> Sir: I am instructed by the Board of Supervisors of this institution to present a copy of the resolutions adopted by them at -their last meeting.<br > -<br > +their last meeting.<br> +<br> "Resolved, That the thanks of the Board of Supervisors are due, and are hereby tendered, to Colonel William T. Sherman for the able and efficient manner in which he has conducted the affairs of the @@ -6739,22 +6739,22 @@ institution of learning in accordance with the beneficent design of the State and Federal Governments; evincing at all times a readiness to adapt himself to the ever-varying requirements of an institution of learning in its infancy, struggling to attain a -position of honor and usefulness.<br > -<br > +position of honor and usefulness.<br> +<br> "Resolved, further, That, in accepting the resignation of Colonel Sherman as Superintendent of the State Seminary of Learning and Military Academy, we tender to him assurances of our high personal regard, and our sincere regret at the occurrence of causes that render it necessary to part with so esteemed and valued a friend, -as well as co-laborer in the cause of education."<br > -<br > +as well as co-laborer in the cause of education."<br> +<br> Powhatan Clarke, Secretary of the Board.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>A copy of the resolution of the Academic Board, passed at their session of April 1,1861:</p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +<blockquote><br> +<br> "Resolved, That in the resignation of the late superintendent, Colonel W. T. Sherman, the Academic Board deem it not improper to express their deep conviction of the loss the institution has @@ -6764,8 +6764,8 @@ the actions of Colonel Sherman. While he is personally endeared to many of them as a friend, they consider it their high pleasure to tender to him in this resolution their regret on his separation, and their sincere wish for his future welfare."</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I have given the above at some length, because, during the civil war, it was in Southern circles asserted that I was guilty of a breach of hospitality in taking up arms against the South. They @@ -6902,22 +6902,22 @@ troops. After the war he appealed to me, and through the Attorney-General, Henry Stanbery, I aided in having his land restored to him, and I think he is now living there.</p> <p>Bragg, Beauregard, and Taylor, enacted high parts in the -succeeding war, and now reside in Louisiana or Texas.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +succeeding war, and now reside in Louisiana or Texas.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="ch8"></a> <h2>CHAPTER VIII.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>MISSOURI</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>APRIL AND MAY, 1861.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>During the time of these events in Louisiana, I was in constant correspondence with my brother, John Sherman, at Washington; Mr. Ewing, at Lancaster, Ohio; and Major H. S. Turner, at St. Louis. I @@ -7062,50 +7062,50 @@ the border States; for almost immediately Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee, followed the lead of the cotton States, and conventions were deliberating in Kentucky and Missouri.</p> <p>On the night of Saturday, April 6th, I received the following, -dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -Washington, April 6,1861.<br > -<br > -Major W. T. Sherman:<br > -<br > +dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +Washington, April 6,1861.<br> +<br> +Major W. T. Sherman:<br> +<br> Will you accept the chief clerkship of the War Department? We will -make you assistant Secretary of War when Congress meets.<br > -<br > +make you assistant Secretary of War when Congress meets.<br> +<br> M. Blair, Postmaster-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>To which I replied by telegraph, Monday morning; "I cannot accept;" and by mail as follows:</p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -Monday, April 8, 1861.<br > -Office of the St. Louis Railroad Company.<br > -<br > -Hon. M. Blair, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +<blockquote><br> +<br> +Monday, April 8, 1861.<br> +Office of the St. Louis Railroad Company.<br> +<br> +Hon. M. Blair, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> I received, about nine o'clock Saturday night, your telegraph dispatch, which I have this moment answered, "I cannot -accept."<br > -<br > +accept."<br> +<br> I have quite a large family, and when I resigned my place in Louisiana, on account of secession, I had no time to lose; and, therefore, after my hasty visit to Washington, where I saw no chance of employment, I came to St. Louis, have accepted a place in this company, have rented a house, and incurred other obligations, -so that I am not at liberty to change.<br > -<br > +so that I am not at liberty to change.<br> +<br> I thank you for the compliment contained in your offer, and assure you that I wish the Administration all success in its almost impossible task of governing this distracted and anarchical -people.<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > +people.<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> W.T. SHERMAN</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I was afterward told that this letter gave offense, and that some of Mr. Lincoln's cabinet concluded that I too would prove false to the country.</p> @@ -7131,33 +7131,33 @@ he did so.</p> <p>Finding that even my best friends were uneasy as to my political status, on the 8th of May I addressed the following official letter to the Secretary of War:</p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -Office of the St. Louis Railroad Company,<br > -May 8,1881.<br > -<br > -Hon. S. Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +<blockquote><br> +<br> +Office of the St. Louis Railroad Company,<br> +May 8,1881.<br> +<br> +Hon. S. Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> Dear Sir: I hold myself now, as always, prepared to serve my country in the capacity for which I was trained. I did not and will not volunteer for three months, because I cannot throw my family on the cold charity of the world. But for the three-years call, made by the President, an officer can prepare his command and do good -service.<br > -<br > +service.<br> +<br> I will not volunteer as a soldier, because rightfully or wrongfully I feel unwilling to take a mere private's place, and, having for many years lived in California and Louisiana, the men are not well enough acquainted with me to elect me to my appropriate -place.<br > -<br > +place.<br> +<br> Should my services be needed, the records of the War Department will enable you to designate the station in which I can render most -service.<br > -<br > +service.<br> +<br> Yours truly, W. T. SHERMAN.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>To this I do not think I received a direct answer; but, on the 10th of the same month, I was appointed colonel of the Thirteenth Regular Infantry.</p> @@ -7281,24 +7281,24 @@ trust to the fate of war.</p> <p>I also resigned my place as president of the Fifth Street Railroad, to take effect at the end of May, so that in fact I received pay from that road for only two months' service, and then -began my new army career.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +began my new army career.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="ch9"></a> <h2>CHAPTER IX.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>FROM THE BATTLE OF BULL RUN TO PADUCAH KENTUCKY AND MISSOURI</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>1861-1862.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>And now that, in these notes, I have fairly reached the period of the civil war, which ravaged our country from 1861 to 1865—an event involving a conflict of passion, of prejudice, @@ -7508,31 +7508,31 @@ after it is over, but all now admit that none others, equally raw in war, could have done better than we did at Bull Run; and the lesson of that battle should not be lost on a people like ours.</p> <p>I insert my official report, as a condensed statement of my -share in the battle:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION<br > -FORT CORCORAN, July 25, 1861<br > -<br > +share in the battle:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION<br> +FORT CORCORAN, July 25, 1861<br> +<br> To Captain A. BAIRD, Assistant Adjutant-General, First Division -(General Tyler's).<br > -<br > +(General Tyler's).<br> +<br> Sir: I have the honor to submit this my report of the operations of my brigade during the action of the 21st instant. The brigade is composed of the Thirteenth New York Volunteers, Colonel Quinby's Sixty-ninth New York, Colonel Corcoran; Seventy-ninth New York, Colonel Cameron; Second Wisconsin, Lieutenant-Colonel Peck; and Company E, Third Artillery, under command of Captain R. B. Ayres, -Fifth Artillery.<br > -<br > +Fifth Artillery.<br> +<br> We left our camp near Centreville, pursuant to orders, at half-past 2 A. M., taking place in your column, next to the brigade of General Schenck, and proceeded as far as the halt, before the enemy's position, near the stone bridge across Bull Run. Here the brigade was deployed in line along the skirt of timber to the right of the Warrenton road, and remained quietly in position till after -10 a.m. The enemy remained very quiet, but about that time we saw a +10 A.M. The enemy remained very quiet, but about that time we saw a rebel regiment leave its cover in our front, and proceed in double-quick time on the road toward Sudley Springs, by which we knew the columns of Colonels Hunter and Heintzelman were @@ -7551,16 +7551,16 @@ Hunter's column was engaged. This firing was brisk, and showed that Hunter was driving before him the enemy, till about noon, when it became certain the enemy had come to a stand, and that our forces on the other side of Bull Run were all engaged, artillery and -infantry.<br > -<br > +infantry.<br> +<br> Here you sent me the order to cross over with the whole brigade, to the assistance of Colonel Hunter. Early in the day, when reconnoitring the ground, I had seen a horseman descend from a bluff in our front, cross the stream, and show himself in the open field on this aide; and, inferring that we could cross over at the same point, I sent forward a company as skirmishers, and followed -with the whole brigade, the New York Sixty-ninth leading.<br > -<br > +with the whole brigade, the New York Sixty-ninth leading.<br> +<br> We found no difficulty in crossing over, and met with no opposition in ascending the steep bluff opposite with our infantry, but it was impassable to the artillery, and I sent word back to Captain Ayres @@ -7606,8 +7606,8 @@ this hill, the roadway was worn deep enough to afford shelter, and I kept the several regiments in it as long as possible; but when the Wisconsin Second was abreast of the enemy, by order of Major Wadsworth, of General McDowell's staff, I ordered it to leave the -roadway, by the left flank, and to attack the enemy.<br > -<br > +roadway, by the left flank, and to attack the enemy.<br> +<br> This regiment ascended to the brow of the hill steadily, received the severe fire of the enemy, returned it with spirit, and advanced, delivering its fire. This regiment is uniformed in gray @@ -7626,16 +7626,16 @@ shelter, of which the enemy took good advantage. The fire of rifles and musketry was very severe. The Seventy-ninth, headed by its colonel, Cameron, charged across the hill, and for a short time the contest was severe; they rallied several times under fire, but -finally broke, and gained the cover of the hill.<br > -<br > +finally broke, and gained the cover of the hill.<br> +<br> This left the field open to the New York Sixty-ninth, Colonel Corcoran, who, in his turn, led his regiment over the crest; and had in full, open view the ground so severely contested; the fire was very severe, and the roar of cannon, musketry, and rifles, incessant; it was manifest the enemy was here in great force, far superior to us at that point. The Sixty-ninth held the ground for -some time, but finally fell back in disorder.<br > -<br > +some time, but finally fell back in disorder.<br> +<br> All this time Quinby's regiment occupied another ridge, to our left, overlooking the same field of action, and similarly engaged. Here, about half-past 3 p.m., began the scene of confusion and @@ -7672,8 +7672,8 @@ formed line, we approached the blacksmith's shop, but there found a detachment of the secession cavalry and thence made a circuit, avoiding Cub Run Bridge, into Centreville, where I found General McDowell, and from him understood that it was his purpose to rally -the forces, and make a stand at Centreville.<br > -<br > +the forces, and make a stand at Centreville.<br> +<br> But, about nine o'clock at night, I received from General Tyler, in person, the order to continue the retreat to the Potomac. This retreat was by night, and disorderly in the extreme. The men of @@ -7686,35 +7686,35 @@ once commanded the guard to be increased, and all persons attempting to pass over to be stopped. This soon produced its effect; men sought their proper companies and regiments. Comparative order was restored, and all were posted to the best -advantage.<br > -<br > +advantage.<br> +<br> I herewith inclose the official report of Captain Belly, commanding officer of the New York Sixty-ninth; also, fall lists of the -killed, wounded, and missing.<br > -<br > +killed, wounded, and missing.<br> +<br> Our loss was heavy, and occurred chiefly at the point near where Rickett's battery was destroyed. Lieutenant-Colonel Haggerty was killed about noon, before we had effected a junction with Colonel Hunter's division. Colonel Cameron was mortally wounded leading his regiment in the charge, and Colonel Corcoran has been missing since -the cavalry-charge near the building used as a hospital.<br > -<br > +the cavalry-charge near the building used as a hospital.<br> +<br> For names, rank, etc., of the above, I refer to the lists -herewith.<br > -<br > +herewith.<br> +<br> Lieutenants Piper and McQuesten, of my personal staff, were under fire all day, and carried orders to and fro with as much coolness as on parade. Lieutenant Bagley, of the New York Sixty-ninth, a volunteer aide, asked leave to serve with his company, during the action, and is among those reported missing. I have intelligence -that he is a prisoner, and slightly wounded.<br > -<br > +that he is a prisoner, and slightly wounded.<br> +<br> Colonel Coon, of Wisconsin, a volunteer aide, also rendered good -service during the day.<br > -<br > +service during the day.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Colonel commanding Brigade.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This report, which I had not read probably since its date till now, recalls to me vividly the whole scene of the affair at Blackburn's Ford, when for the first time in my life I saw @@ -7963,28 +7963,28 @@ left in a superior command. He promised me this with promptness, making the jocular remark that his chief trouble was to find places for the too many generals who wanted to be at the head of affairs, to command armies, etc.</p> -<p>The official order is dated:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Order No. 114.]<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br > -Washington, August 24, 1881.<br > -<br > +<p>The official order is dated:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Order No. 114.]<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br> +Washington, August 24, 1881.<br> +<br> The following assignment is made of the general officers of the volunteer service, whose appointment was announced in General -Orders No. 82, from the War Department<br > -<br > +Orders No. 82, from the War Department<br> +<br> To the Department of the Cumberland, Brigadier-General Robert -Anderson commanding:<br > -<br > -Brigadier-General W. T. Sherman,<br > -Brigadier-General George H. Thomas.<br > -<br > -By command of Lieutenant-General Scott:<br > +Anderson commanding:<br> +<br> +Brigadier-General W. T. Sherman,<br> +Brigadier-General George H. Thomas.<br> +<br> +By command of Lieutenant-General Scott:<br> E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>After some days, I was relieved in command of my brigade and post by Brigadier General Fitz-John Porter, and at once took my departure for Cincinnati, Ohio, via Cresson, Pennsylvania, where @@ -8351,16 +8351,16 @@ published, and, before I had the least conception of it, I was universally published throughout the country as "insane, crazy," etc. Without any knowledge, however, of this fact, I had previously addressed to the Adjutant-General of the army at Washington this -letter:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +letter:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OP THE CUMBERLAND, LOUISVILLE, -KENTUCKY,<br > -October 22, 1881.<br > -<br > -To General L. THOMAS, Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +KENTUCKY,<br> +October 22, 1881.<br> +<br> +To General L. THOMAS, Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> Sir: On my arrival at Camp Dick Robinson, I found General Thomas had stationed a Kentucky regiment at Rock Castle Hill, beyond a river of the same name, and had sent an Ohio and an Indiana @@ -8375,8 +8375,8 @@ brigade. He had still two Kentucky regiments, the Thirty-eighth Ohio and another battery of artillery, with which he was to follow yesterday. This force, if concentrated, should be strong enough for the purpose; at all events, it is all he had or I could give -him.<br > -<br > +him.<br> +<br> I explained to you fully, when here, the supposed position of our adversaries, among which was a force in the valley of Big Sandy, supposed to be advancing on Paris, Kentucky. General Nelson at @@ -8389,8 +8389,8 @@ fully to yourself and the Secretary of War the condition of things, that I can add nothing new until further developments, You know my views that this great centre of our field is too weak, far too weak, and I have begged and implored till I dare not say -more.<br > -<br > +more.<br> +<br> Buckner still is beyond Green River. He sent a detachment of his men, variously estimated at from two to four thousand toward Greensburg. General Ward, with about one thousand men, retreated to @@ -8408,30 +8408,30 @@ This has facilitated their enlistment; but inasmuch as the Legislature has provided money for organizing the Kentucky Volunteers, and intrusted its disbursement to a board of loyal gentlemen, I have endeavored to cooperate with them to hasten the -formation of these corps.<br > -<br > +formation of these corps.<br> +<br> The great difficulty is, and has been, that as volunteers offer, we have not arms and clothing to give them. The arms sent us are, as you already know, European muskets of uncouth pattern, which the -volunteers will not touch.<br > -<br > +volunteers will not touch.<br> +<br> General McCook has now three brigades—Johnson's, Wood's, and Rousseau's. Negley's brigade arrived to-day, and will be sent out at once. The Minnesota regiment has also arrived, and will be sent forward. Hazzard's regiment of Indiana troops I have ordered to the month of Salt Creek, an important point on the turnpike-road -leading to Elizabethtown.<br > -<br > +leading to Elizabethtown.<br> +<br> I again repeat that our force here is out of all proportion to the importance of the position. Our defeat would be disastrous to the nation; and to expect of new men, who never bore arms, to do -miracles, is not right.<br > -<br > -I am, with much respect, yours truly,<br > -<br > +miracles, is not right.<br> +<br> +I am, with much respect, yours truly,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>About this time my attention was drawn to the publication in all the Eastern papers, which of course was copied at the West, of the report that I was "crazy, insane, and mad," that "I had demanded @@ -8444,19 +8444,19 @@ feeling. Still I received no orders, no reenforcements, not a word of encouragement or relief. About November 1st, General McClellan was appointed commander-in-chief of all the armies in the field, and by telegraph called for a report from me. It is herewith -given:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +given:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS THE DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, -Kentucky, November 4, 1861<br > -<br > -General L. THOMAS, Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +Kentucky, November 4, 1861<br> +<br> +General L. THOMAS, Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> Sir: In compliance with the telegraphic orders of General McClellan, received late last night, I submit this report of the -forces in Kentucky, and of their condition.<br > -<br > +forces in Kentucky, and of their condition.<br> +<br> The tabular statement shows the position of the several regiments. The camp at Nolin is at the present extremity of the Nashville Railroad. This force was thrown forward to meet the advance of @@ -8479,8 +8479,8 @@ require a very large force, certainly fifty thousand men, as their railroad facilities south enable them to concentrate at Munfordsville the entire strength of the South. General McCook's command is divided into four brigades, under Generals Wood, R. W. -Johnson, Rousseau, and Negley.<br > -<br > +Johnson, Rousseau, and Negley.<br> +<br> General Thomas's line of operations is from Lexington, toward Cumberland Gap and Ford, which are occupied by a force of rebel Tennesseeans, under the command of Zollicoffer. Thomas occupies the @@ -8489,8 +8489,8 @@ part of Kentucky, the one by Richmond, and the other by Crab Orchard, with his reserve at Camp Dick Robinson, eight miles south of the Kentucky River. His provisions and stores go by railroad from Cincinnati to Nicholasville, and thence in wagons to his -several regiments. He is forced to hire transportation.<br > -<br > +several regiments. He is forced to hire transportation.<br> +<br> Brigadier-General Nelson is operating by the line from Olympian Springs, east of Paris, on the Covington & Lexington Railroad, toward Prestonburg, in the valley of the Big Sandy where is @@ -8501,8 +8501,8 @@ Ohio Second, nine hundred strong; Colonel Norton's Twenty-first Ohio, one thousand; and Colonel Sill's Thirty-third Ohio, seven hundred and fifty strong; with two irregular Kentucky regiments, Colonels Marshall and Metcalf. These troops were on the road near -Hazel Green and West Liberty, advancing toward Prestonburg.<br > -<br > +Hazel Green and West Liberty, advancing toward Prestonburg.<br> +<br> Upon an inspection of the map, you will observe these are all divergent lines, but rendered necessary, from the fact that our enemies choose them as places of refuge from pursuit, where they @@ -8525,95 +8525,95 @@ so suddenly armed and equipped. They are not yet clothed or uniformed. I know well you will think our force too widely distributed, but we are forced to it by the attitude of our enemies, whose force and numbers the country never has and probably -never will comprehend.<br > -<br > +never will comprehend.<br> +<br> I am told that my estimate of troops needed for this line, viz., two hundred thousand, has been construed to my prejudice, and therefore leave it for the future. This is the great centre on which our enemies can concentrate whatever force is not employed elsewhere. Detailed statement of present force inclosed with -this.<br > -<br > -With great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +this.<br> +<br> +With great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> BRIGADIER-GENERAL McCOOK'S CAMP, AT NOLIN, FIFTY-TWO MILES FROM -LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, NOVEMBER 4, 1861.<br > -<br > +LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, NOVEMBER 4, 1861.<br> +<br> First Brigade (General ROUSSEAU).-Third Kentucky, Colonel Bulkley; Fourth Kentucky, Colonel Whittaker; First Cavalry, Colonel Board; Stone's battery; two companies Nineteenth United States Infantry, and two companies Fifteenth United States Infantry, Captain -Gilman.<br > -<br > +Gilman.<br> +<br> Second Brigade (General T. J. WOOD).-Thirty-eighth Indiana, Colonel Scribner; Thirty-ninth Indiana, Colonel Harrison; Thirtieth -Indiana, Colonel Bass; Twenty-ninth Indiana, Colonel Miller.<br > -<br > +Indiana, Colonel Bass; Twenty-ninth Indiana, Colonel Miller.<br> +<br> Third Brigade (General JOHNSON).-Forty-ninth Ohio, Colonel Gibson; Fifteenth Ohio, Colonel Dickey; Thirty-fourth Illinois, Colonel -King; Thirty-second Indiana, Colonel Willach.<br > -<br > +King; Thirty-second Indiana, Colonel Willach.<br> +<br> Fourth Brigade (General NEGLEY).-Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, Colonel Hambright; Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania, Colonel Sinnell; Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania, Colonel Stambaugh; Battery, Captain -Mueller.<br > -<br > +Mueller.<br> +<br> Camp Dick Robinson (General G. H. THOMAS).—-Kentucky, Colonel Bramlette;—Kentucky, Colonel Fry;—Kentucky Cavalry, Colonel Woolford; Fourteenth Ohio, Colonel Steadman; First Artillery, Colonel Barnett; Third Ohio, Colonel Carter;—East -Tennessee, Colonel Byrd.<br > -<br > -Bardstown, Kentucky.-Tenth Indiana, Colonel Manson.<br > -<br > -Crab Orchard.-Thirty-third Indiana, Colonel Coburn.<br > -<br > +Tennessee, Colonel Byrd.<br> +<br> +Bardstown, Kentucky.-Tenth Indiana, Colonel Manson.<br> +<br> +Crab Orchard.-Thirty-third Indiana, Colonel Coburn.<br> +<br> Jeffersonville, Indiana.-Thirty-fourth Indiana, Colonel Steele; Thirty-sixth Indiana, Colonel Gross; First Wisconsin, Colonel -Starkweather.<br > -<br > +Starkweather.<br> +<br> Mouth of Salt River.-Ninth Michigan, Colonel Duffield; -Thirty-seventh Indiana, Colonel Hazzard.<br > -<br > -Lebanon Junction..-Second Minnesota, Colonel Van Cleve.<br > -<br > -Olympian Springs.-Second Ohio, Colonel Harris.<br > -<br > -Cynthiana, Kentucky.-Thirty-fifth Ohio, Colonel Vandever.<br > -<br > +Thirty-seventh Indiana, Colonel Hazzard.<br> +<br> +Lebanon Junction..-Second Minnesota, Colonel Van Cleve.<br> +<br> +Olympian Springs.-Second Ohio, Colonel Harris.<br> +<br> +Cynthiana, Kentucky.-Thirty-fifth Ohio, Colonel Vandever.<br> +<br> Nicholasville, Kentucky.-Twenty-first Ohio, Colonel Norton; -Thirty-eighth Ohio, Colonel Bradley.<br > -<br > -Big Hill.-Seventeenth Ohio, Colonel Connell.<br > -<br > -Colesburg.-Twenty-fourth Illinois, Colonel Hecker.<br > -<br > +Thirty-eighth Ohio, Colonel Bradley.<br> +<br> +Big Hill.-Seventeenth Ohio, Colonel Connell.<br> +<br> +Colesburg.-Twenty-fourth Illinois, Colonel Hecker.<br> +<br> Elizabethtown, Kentucky.-Nineteenth Illinois, Colonel -Turchin.<br > -<br > +Turchin.<br> +<br> Owensboro' or Henderson.-Thirty-first Indiana, Colonel Cruft; Colonel Edwards, forming Rock Castle; Colonel Boyle, Harrodsburg; Colonel Barney, Irvine; Colonel Hazzard, Burksville; Colonel -Haskins, Somerset.<br > -<br ></blockquote> +Haskins, Somerset.<br> +<br></blockquote> <p>And, in order to conclude this subject, I also add copies of two telegraphic dispatches, sent for General McClellan's use about the same time, which are all the official letters received at his headquarters, as certified by the Adjutant-General, L. Thomas, in a letter of February 1, 1862; in answer to an application of my brother, Senator John Sherman, and on which I was adjudged -insane:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -Louisville, November 3, 10 p.m.<br > -<br > -To General McLELLAN, Washington, D. C.:<br > -<br > +insane:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +Louisville, November 3, 10 p.m.<br> +<br> +To General McLELLAN, Washington, D. C.:<br> +<br> Dispatch just received. We are forced to operate on three lines, all dependent on railroads of doubtful safety, requiring strong guards. From Paris to Prestonbnrg, three Ohio regiments and some @@ -8630,18 +8630,18 @@ Green, Nashville, and Clarksville. Buckner, Hardee, Sidney Johnston, Folk, and Pillow, the two former in immediate command, the force as large as they want or can subsist, from twenty-five to thirty thousand. Bowling Green strongly fortified. Our forces too -small to do good, and too large to sacrifice.<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS THE DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville,<br > -Kentucky, November 6, 1861<br > -<br > -General L. THOMAS, Adjutant-General.<br > -<br > +small to do good, and too large to sacrifice.<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS THE DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville,<br> +Kentucky, November 6, 1861<br> +<br> +General L. THOMAS, Adjutant-General.<br> +<br> Sir: General McClellan telegraphs me to report to him daily the situation of affairs here. The country is so large that it is impossible to give clear and definite views. Our enemies have a @@ -8679,24 +8679,24 @@ main force, and endanger the whole. Do not conclude, as before, that I exaggerate the facts. They are as stated, and the future looks as dark as possible. It would be better if some man of sanguine mind were here, for I am forced to order according to my -convictions.<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > +convictions.<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>After the war was over, General Thomas J. Wood, then in command of the district of Vicksburg, prepared a statement addressed to the public, describing the interview with the Secretary of War, which he calls a "Council of War." I did not then deem it necessary to renew a matter which had been swept into oblivion by the war itself; but, as it is evidence by an eyewitness, it is worthy of -insertion here.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -STATEMENT.<br > -<br > +insertion here.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +STATEMENT.<br> +<br> On the 11th of October, 1861, the writer, who had been personally on mustering duty in Indiana, was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers, and ordered to report to General Sherman, then in @@ -8706,15 +8706,15 @@ writer was about leaving Indianapolis to proceed to Louisville, Mr. Cameron, returning from his famous visit of inspection to General Fremont's department, at St. Louis, Missouri, arrived at Indianapolis, and announced his intention to visit General -Sherman.<br > -<br > +Sherman.<br> +<br> The writer was invited to accompany the party to Louisville. Taking the early morning train from Indianapolis to Louisville on the 16th of October, 1861, the party arrived in Jeffersonville shortly after mid-day. General Sherman met the party in Jeffersonville, and accompanied it to the Galt House, in Louisville, the hotel at which -he was stopping.<br > -<br > +he was stopping.<br> +<br> During the afternoon General Sherman informed the writer that a council of war was to be held immediately in his private room in the hotel, and desired him to be present at the council. General @@ -8729,8 +8729,8 @@ Hon. James Guthrie was also in the room, having been invited, on account of his eminent position as a citizen of Kentucky, his high civic reputation, and his well-known devotion to the Union, to meet the Secretary of War in the council. When General Sherman entered -the room he closed the door, and turned the key in the lock.<br > -<br > +the room he closed the door, and turned the key in the lock.<br> +<br> Before entering on the business of the meeting, General Sherman remarked substantially: "Mr. Cameron, we have met here to discuss matters and interchange views which should be known only by persons @@ -8741,8 +8741,8 @@ properly allowed to hear the views which I have to submit to you." Mr. Cameron replied, with some little testiness of manner, that the persons referred to belonged to his party, and there was no objection to their knowing whatever might be communicated to -him.<br > -<br > +him.<br> +<br> Certainly the legitimate and natural conclusion from this remark of Mr. Cameron's was that whatever views might be submitted by General Sherman would be considered under the protection of the seal of @@ -8753,19 +8753,19 @@ Sherman required that if, at any future time, his conclusions as to the amount of force necessary to conduct the operations committed to his charge should be made public, the grounds on which his conclusions were based should be made public at the same -time.<br > -<br > +time.<br> +<br> Mr. Cameron then asked General Sherman what his plans were. To this General Sherman replied that he had no plans; that no sufficient force had been placed at his disposition with which to devise any plan of operations; that, before a commanding general could project a plan of campaign, he must know what amount of force he would have -to operate with.<br > -<br > +to operate with.<br> +<br> The general added that he had views which he would be happy to submit for the consideration of the Secretary. Mr. Cameron desired -to hear General Sherman's views.<br > -<br > +to hear General Sherman's views.<br> +<br> General Sherman began by giving his opinion of the people of Kentucky, and the then condition of the State. He remarked that he believed a very large majority of the people of Kentucky were @@ -8778,8 +8778,8 @@ thoroughly vindictive in its sentiments, was organized and armed the reach of the Federal forces, overawed and prevented the Union men from organizing; that, in his opinion, if Federal protection were extended throughout the State to the Union men, a large force -could be raised for the service of the Government.<br > -<br > +could be raised for the service of the Government.<br> +<br> General Sherman next presented a resume of the information in his possession as to the number of the rebel troops in Kentucky. Commencing with the force at Columbus, Kentucky, the reports @@ -8790,16 +8790,16 @@ commanded by General. A. S. Johnston, supported by Hardee, Buckner, and others, was variously estimated at from eighteen to thirty thousand. General Sherman estimated this force at the lowest figures given to it by his information—eighteen -thousand.<br > -<br > +thousand.<br> +<br> He explained that, for purposes of defense, these two forces ought, owing to the facility with which troops might be transported from one to the other, by the net-work of railroads in Middle and West Tennessee, to be considered almost as one. General Sherman remarked, also, on the facility with which reinforcements could be transported by railroad to Bowling Green, from the other rebellions -States.<br > -<br > +States.<br> +<br> The third organized body of rebel troops was in Eastern Kentucky, under General Zollicoffer, estimated, according to the most reliable information, at six thousand men. This force threatened a @@ -8807,8 +8807,8 @@ descent, if unrestrained, on the blue-grass region of Kentucky, including the cities of Lexington, and Frankfort, the capital of the State; and if successful in its primary movements, as it would gather head as it advanced, might endanger the safety of -Cincinnati.<br > -<br > +Cincinnati.<br> +<br> General Sherman said that the information in his possession indicated an intention, on the part of the rebels, of a general and grand advance toward the Ohio River. He further expressed the @@ -8819,27 +8819,27 @@ organized rebel soldiers then in Kentucky fixed the strength at about thirty-five thousand. Add twenty thousand for reenforcements gained in Kentucky, to say nothing of troops drawn from other rebel States, and the effective rebel force in the State, at a low -estimate, would be fifty-five thousand men.<br > -<br > +estimate, would be fifty-five thousand men.<br> +<br> General Sherman explained forcibly how largely the difficulties of suppressing the rebellion would be enhanced, if the rebels should be allowed to plant themselves firmly, with strong fortifications, at commanding points on the Ohio River. It would be facile for them to carry the war thence into the loyal States north of the -river.<br > -<br > +river.<br> +<br> To resist an advance of the rebels, General Sherman stated that he did not have at that time in Kentucky more than some twelve to fourteen thousand effective men. The bulk of this force was posted at camp Nolin, on the Louisville & Nashville Railway, fifty miles south of Louisville. A part of it was in Eastern Kentucky, under General George H. Thomas, and a very small force was in the -lower valley of Green River.<br > -<br > +lower valley of Green River.<br> +<br> This disposition of the force had been made for the double purpose of watching and checking the rebels, and protecting the raising and -organization of troops among the Union men of Kentucky.<br > -<br > +organization of troops among the Union men of Kentucky.<br> +<br> Having explained the situation from the defensive point of view, General Sherman proceeded to consider it from the offensive stand-point. The Government had undertaken to suppress the @@ -8849,8 +8849,8 @@ paramount Government asserted, and the union of the States declared perpetual, by force of arms, by maintaining the defensive; to accomplish these grand desiderata, it was absolutely necessary the Government should adopt, and maintain until the rebellion was -crushed, the offensive.<br > -<br > +crushed, the offensive.<br> +<br> For the purpose of expelling the rebels from Kentucky, General Sherman said that at least sixty thousand soldiers were necessary. Considering that the means of accomplishment must always be @@ -8861,8 +8861,8 @@ driving the rebels out of the State, and reestablishing and maintaining the authority of the Government, was a very low one. The truth is that, before the rebels were driven from Kentucky, many more than sixty thousand soldiers were sent into the -State.<br > -<br > +State.<br> +<br> Ascending from the consideration of the narrow question of the political and military situation in Kentucky, and the extent of force necessary to redeem the State from rebel thraldom, @@ -8872,8 +8872,8 @@ taken in its entirety, without a parallel in modern times, General Sherman expressed the opinion that, to carry the war to the Gulf of Mexico, and destroy all armed opposition to the Goverment, in the entire Mississippi Valley, at least two hundred thousand troops -were absolutely requisite.<br > -<br > +were absolutely requisite.<br> +<br> So soon as General Sherman had concluded the expression of his views, Mr. Cameron asked, with much warmth and apparent irritation, "Where do you suppose, General Sherman, all this force is to come @@ -8881,8 +8881,8 @@ from." General Sherman replied that he did not know; that it was not his duty to raise, organize, and put the necessary military force into the field; that duty pertained to the War Department. His duty was to organize campaigns and command the troops after -they had been put into the field.<br > -<br > +they had been put into the field.<br> +<br> At this point of the proceedings, General Sherman suggested that it might be agreeable to the Secretary to hear the views of Mr. Guthrie. Thus appealed to, Mr. Guthrie said he did not consider @@ -8890,16 +8890,16 @@ himself, being a civilian, competent to give an opinion as to the extent of force necessary to parry the war to the Gulf of Mexico; but, being well informed of the condition of things in Kentucky, he indorsed fully General Sherman's opinion of the force required to -drive the rebels out of the State.<br > -<br > +drive the rebels out of the State.<br> +<br> The foregoing is a circumstantial account of the deliberations of -the council that were of any importance.<br > -<br > +the council that were of any importance.<br> +<br> A good deal of desultory conversation followed, on immaterial matters; and some orders were issued by telegraph, by the Secretary of War, for some small reenforcements to be sent to Kentucky -immediately, from Pennsylvania and Indiana.<br > -<br > +immediately, from Pennsylvania and Indiana.<br> +<br> A short time after the council was held—the exact time is not now remembered by the writer—an imperfect narrative of it appeared in the New York Tribune. This account announced to the @@ -8907,13 +8907,13 @@ public the conclusions uttered by General Sherman in the council, without giving the reasons on which his conclusions were based. The unfairness of this course to General Sherman needs no comment. All military men were shocked by the gross breach of faith which had -been committed.<br > -<br > -TH. J. WOOD, Major-General Volunteers<br > -<br > +been committed.<br> +<br> +TH. J. WOOD, Major-General Volunteers<br> +<br> Vicksburg, Mississippi, August 24, 1886.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Brigadier-General Don Carlos Buell arrived at Louisville about the middle of November, with orders to relieve me, and I was transferred for duty to the Department of the Missouri, and ordered @@ -8960,22 +8960,22 @@ of troops on Osceola will be made; only strong reconnoitring-parties will be sent out in the supposed direction of the enemy; the bulk of the troops being held in position till more reliable information is obtained."</p> -<p>About the same time I received the following dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI<br > -November 28, 1881. Brigadier General SHERMAN, Sedalia:<br > -<br > +<p>About the same time I received the following dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI<br> +November 28, 1881. Brigadier General SHERMAN, Sedalia:<br> +<br> Mrs. Sherman is here. General Halleck is satisfied, from reports of scouts received here, that no attack on Sedalia is intended. You will therefore return to this city, and report your observations on the condition of the troops you have examined. Please telegraph -when you will leave.<br > -<br > +when you will leave.<br> +<br> SCHUYLER HAMILTON, Brigadier-General and Aide-de-Camp.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I accordingly returned to St. Louis, where I found Mrs. Sherman, naturally and properly distressed at the continued and reiterated reports of the newspapers of my insanity, and she had come from @@ -9000,27 +9000,27 @@ the day, and he had to keep up with the time; but he would be most happy to publish any correction I might make, as though I could deny such a malicious piece of scandal affecting myself. On the 12th of November I had occasion to write to General Halleck, and I -have a copy of his letter in answer:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -ST. Louis, December 18, 1881.<br > -Brigadier-General W. T. SHERMAN, Lancaster, Ohio.<br > -<br > +have a copy of his letter in answer:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +ST. Louis, December 18, 1881.<br> +Brigadier-General W. T. SHERMAN, Lancaster, Ohio.<br> +<br> My DEAR GENERAL: Yours of the 12th was received a day or two ago, but was mislaid for the moment among private papers, or I should have answered it sooner. The newspaper attacks are certainly shameless and scandalous, but I cannot agree with you, that they have us in their power "to destroy us as they please." I certainly -get my share of abuse, but it will not disturb me.<br > -<br > +get my share of abuse, but it will not disturb me.<br> +<br> Your movement of the troops was not countermanded by me because I thought it an unwise one in itself, but because I was not then ready for it. I had better information of Price's movements than you had, and I had no apprehension of an attack. I intended to concentrate the forces on that line, but I wished the movement -delayed until I could determine on a better position.<br > -<br > +delayed until I could determine on a better position.<br> +<br> After receiving Lieutenant-Colonel McPherson's report, I made precisely the location you had ordered. I was desirous at the time not to prevent the advance of Price by any movement on our part, @@ -9028,22 +9028,22 @@ hoping that he would move on Lexington; but finding that he had determined to remain at Osceola for some time at least, I made the movement you proposed. As you could not know my plans, you and others may have misconstrued the reason of my countermanding your -orders....<br > -<br > +orders....<br> +<br> I hope to see you well enough for duty soon. Our organization goes -on slowly, but we will effect it in time. Yours truly,<br > -<br > +on slowly, but we will effect it in time. Yours truly,<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>And subsequently, in a letter to Hon. Thomas Ewing, in answer to some inquiries involving the same general subject, General Halleck -wrote as follows:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -Hon. THOMAS EWING, Lancaster, Ohio.<br > -<br > +wrote as follows:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +Hon. THOMAS EWING, Lancaster, Ohio.<br> +<br> DEAR SIR: Your note of the 13th, and one of this date, from Mr. Sherman, in relation to Brigadier-General Sherman's having being relieved from command in Sedalia, in November last, are just @@ -9052,8 +9052,8 @@ authorized to assume it, and did so for a day or two. He did not know my plans, and his movement of troops did not accord with them. I therefore directed him to leave them as they were, and report here the result of his inspection, for which purpose he had been -ordered there.<br > -<br > +ordered there.<br> +<br> No telegram or dispatch of any kind was sent by me, or by any one with my knowledge or authority, in relation to it. After his return here, I gave him a leave of absence of twenty days, for the benefit @@ -9065,8 +9065,8 @@ render him, for the present, unfit for duty; perhaps a few weeks' rest may restore him." This was the only communication I made on the subject. On no occasion have I ever expressed an opinion that his mind was affected otherwise than by over-exertion; to have said -so would have done him the greatest injustice.<br > -<br > +so would have done him the greatest injustice.<br> +<br> After General Sherman returned from his short leave, I found that his health was nearly restored, and I placed him temporarily in command of the camp of instruction, numbering over fifteen thousand @@ -9082,13 +9082,13 @@ squibs, charging him with being "crazy," etc. This is the grossest injustice; I do not, however, consider such attacks worthy of notice. The best answer is General Sherman's present position, and the valuable services he is rendering to the country. I have the -fullest confidence in him.<br > -<br > -Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +fullest confidence in him.<br> +<br> +Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On returning to St. Louis, on the expiration of my leave of absence, I found that General Halleck was beginning to move his troops: one part, under General U. S. Grant, up the Tennessee @@ -9098,17 +9098,17 @@ Paducah, and General Curtis was under orders for Rolls. I was ordered to take Curtis's place in command of the camp of instruction, at Benton Barracks, on the ground back of North St. Louis, now used as the Fair Grounds, by the following order: -><br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Order No. 87].<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI<br > -St. Louis, December 23, 1861<br > -<br > -[EXTRACT.]<br > -<br > +><br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Order No. 87].<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI<br> +St. Louis, December 23, 1861<br> +<br> +[EXTRACT.]<br> +<br> Brigadier-General W. T. Sherman, United States Volunteers, is hereby assigned to the command of the camp of instruction and post of Benton Barracks. He will have every armed regiment and company @@ -9117,13 +9117,13 @@ notify all concerned that, when marching orders are received, it is expected that they will be instantly obeyed; no excuses for delay will be admitted. General Sherman will immediately report to these headquarters what regiments and companies, at Benton Barracks, are -ready for the field.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General Halleck,<br > -<br > +ready for the field.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General Halleck,<br> +<br> J. C. KELTEN, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I immediately assumed command, and found, in the building constructed for the commanding officer, Brigadier-General Strong, and the family of a captain of Iowa cavalry, with whom we boarded. @@ -9202,43 +9202,43 @@ Pillow and ex-Secretary of War General Floyd having personally escaped across the river at night, occasioning a good deal of fun and criticism at their expense.</p> <p>Before the fall of Donelson, but after that of Henry, I -received, at Benton Barracks, the following orders:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS THE DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI<br > -St. Louis, February 13, 1862<br > -<br > -Brigadier-General SHERMAN, Benton Barracks:<br > -<br > +received, at Benton Barracks, the following orders:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS THE DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI<br> +St. Louis, February 13, 1862<br> +<br> +Brigadier-General SHERMAN, Benton Barracks:<br> +<br> You will immediately repair to Paducah, Kentucky, and assume command of that post. Brigadier-General Hurlbut will accompany you. The command of Benton Barracks will be turned over to General -Strong.<br > -<br > +Strong.<br> +<br> H. W. HALECK, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I started for Paducah the same day, and think that General Cullum went with me to Cairo; General Halleck's purpose being to push forward the operations up the Tennessee River with unusual -vigor. On reaching Paducah, I found this dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS THE DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI<br > -St. Louis, February 15, 1862<br > -<br > -Brigadier-General SHERMAN, Paducah, Kentucky:<br > -<br > +vigor. On reaching Paducah, I found this dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS THE DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI<br> +St. Louis, February 15, 1862<br> +<br> +Brigadier-General SHERMAN, Paducah, Kentucky:<br> +<br> Send General Grant every thing you can spare from Paducah and Smith -and also General Hurlbut.<br > -<br > -Bowling Green has been evacuated entirely.<br > -<br > +and also General Hurlbut.<br> +<br> +Bowling Green has been evacuated entirely.<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The next day brought us news of the surrender of Buckner, and probably at no time during the war did we all feel so heavy a weight raised from our breasts, or so thankful for a most fruitful @@ -9257,31 +9257,31 @@ the "Army of the Mississippi," and to operate, in conjunction with the navy, down the river against the enemy's left flank, which had held the strong post of Columbus, Kentucky, but which, on the fall of Fort Donelson, had fallen back to New Madrid and Island No. -10.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +10.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="ch10"></a> <h2>CHAPTER X.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>BATTLE of SHILOH.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>MARCH AND APRIL, 1862.</p> </div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Shiloh"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Shiloh.jpg (140K)" src="images/Shiloh.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Shiloh.jpg (140K)" src="images/Shiloh.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Shiloh.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt="Full Size" -src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>By the end of February, 1862, Major-General Halleck commanded all the armies in the valley of the Mississippi, from his headquarters in St: Louis. These were, the Army of the Ohio, @@ -9313,11 +9313,11 @@ me at Paducah, to be forwarded by boat, or by a rickety telegraph-line up to Fort Henry, which lay entirely in a hostile country, and was consequently always out of repair. On the 1st of March I received the following dispatch, and forwarded it to -General Grant, both by the telegraph and boat:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -To General GRANT, Fort Henry<br > -<br > +General Grant, both by the telegraph and boat:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +To General GRANT, Fort Henry<br> +<br> Transports will be sent you as soon as possible, to move your column up the Tennessee River. The main object of this expedition will be to destroy the railroad-bridge over Bear Creek, near @@ -9326,16 +9326,16 @@ Corinth, Jackson, and Humboldt. It is thought best that these objects be attempted in the order named. Strong detachments of cavalry and light artillery, supported by infantry, may by rapid movements reach these points from the river, without any serious -opposition.<br > -<br > +opposition.<br> +<br> Avoid any general engagements with strong forces. It will be better to retreat than to risk a general battle. This should be strongly impressed on the officers sent with expeditions from the river. General C. F. Smith or some very discreet officer should be selected for such commands. Having accomplished these objects, or such of them as may be practicable, you will return to Danville, -and move on Paris.<br > -<br > +and move on Paris.<br> +<br> Perhaps the troops sent to Jackson and Humbolt can reach Paris by land as easily as to return to the transports. This must depend on the character of the roads and the position of the enemy. All @@ -9344,26 +9344,26 @@ will accompany the transports for their protection. Any loyal Tennesseeans who desire it, may be enlisted and supplied with arms. Competent officers should be left to command Forts Henry and Donelson in your absence. I have indicated in general terms the -object of this.<br > -<br > +object of this.<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>Again on the 2d:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -Cairo, March 1, 1862<br > -<br > -To General GRANT:<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>Again on the 2d:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +Cairo, March 1, 1862<br> +<br> +To General GRANT:<br> +<br> General Halleck, February 25th, telegraphs me: "General Grant will send no more forces to Clarksville. General Smith's division will come to Fort Henry, or a point higher up on the Tennessee River; transports will also be collected at Paducah. Two gunboats in Tennessee River with Grant. General Grant will immediately have small garrisons detailed for Forts Henry and Donelson, and all -other forces made ready for the field."<br > -<br > +other forces made ready for the field."<br> +<br> From your letter of the 28th, I learn you were at Fort Donelson, and General Smith at Nashville, from which I infer you could not have received orders. Halleck's telegram of last night says: "Who @@ -9376,20 +9376,20 @@ orders to go up the Cumberland for you, or, if you march across to Fort Henry, then to send them up the Tennessee. <p>G. W. CULLUM, Brigadier-General.</p> </blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>On the 4th came this dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -To Major-General U. S. GRANT<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>On the 4th came this dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +To Major-General U. S. GRANT<br> +<br> You will place Major-General C. F. Smith in command of expedition, and remain yourself at Fort Henry. Why do you not obey my orders to -report strength and positions of your command?<br > -<br > +report strength and positions of your command?<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Halleck was evidently working himself into a passion, but he was too far from the seat of war to make due allowance for the actual state of facts. General Grant had done so much, that General @@ -9586,29 +9586,29 @@ kept their organization throughout. Stuart's was driven back to the river, and did not join me in person till the second day of the battle. I think my several reports of that battle are condensed and good, made on the spot, when all the names and facts were fresh in -my memory, and are herewith given entire:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION<br > -PITTSBURG LANDING, March 17, 1862<br > -<br > +my memory, and are herewith given entire:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION<br> +PITTSBURG LANDING, March 17, 1862<br> +<br> Captain Wm. McMICHAEL, Assistant Adjutant-General to General C. F -SMITH, Savannah, Tennessee.<br > -<br > +SMITH, Savannah, Tennessee.<br> +<br> SIR: Last night I dispatched a party of cavalry, at 6 p.m., under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Heath, Fifth Ohio Cavalry, for a strong reconnoissance, if possible, to be converted into an attack upon the Memphis road. The command got off punctually, followed at twelve o'clock at night by the First Brigade of my division, commanded by Colonel McDowell, the other brigades to follow in -order.<br > -<br > +order.<br> +<br> About one at night the cavalry returned, reporting the road occupied in force by the enemy, with whose advance-guard they skirmished, driving them back—about a mile, taking two prisoners, and having their chief guide, Thomas Maxwell, Esq., and -three men of the Fourth Illinois wounded.<br > -<br > +three men of the Fourth Illinois wounded.<br> +<br> Inclosed please find the report of Lieutenant-Colonel Heath; also a copy of his instructions, and the order of march. As soon as the cavalry returned, I saw that an attempt on the road was frustrated, @@ -9616,12 +9616,12 @@ and accordingly have placed McDowell's brigade to our right front, guarding the pass of Snake Creek; Stuart's brigade to the left front, to watch the pass of Lick Creek; and I shall this morning move directly out on the Corinth road, about eight miles to or -toward Pea Ridge, which is a key-point to the southwest.<br > -<br > +toward Pea Ridge, which is a key-point to the southwest.<br> +<br> General Hurlbut's division will be landed to-day, and the artillery and infantry disposed so as to defend Pittsburg, leaving my -division entire for any movement by land or water.<br > -<br > +division entire for any movement by land or water.<br> +<br> As near as I can learn, there are five regiments of rebel infantry at Purdy; at Corinth, and distributed along the railroad to Inca, are probably thirty thousand men; but my information from prisoners @@ -9630,83 +9630,83 @@ cavalry, whose orders seem to be to fire a volley, retire again, fire and retire. The force on the Purdy road attacked and driven by Major Bowman yesterday, was about sixty strong. That encountered last night on the Corinth road was about five companies of -Tennessee cavalry, sent from Purdy about 2 p.m. yesterday.<br > -<br > +Tennessee cavalry, sent from Purdy about 2 p.m. yesterday.<br> +<br> I hear there is a force of two regiments on Pea Ridge, at the point -where the Purdy and Corinth roads come together.<br > -<br > +where the Purdy and Corinth roads come together.<br> +<br> I am satisfied we cannot reach the Memphis & Charleston road without a considerable engagement, which is prohibited by General Halleck's instructions, so that I will be governed by your orders of yesterday, to occupy Pittsburg strongly, extend the pickets so as to include a semicircle of three miles, and push a strong -reconnoissance as far out as Lick Creek and Pea Ridge.<br > -<br > +reconnoissance as far out as Lick Creek and Pea Ridge.<br> +<br> I will send down a good many boats to-day, to be employed as you may direct; and would be obliged if you would send a couple of thousand sacks of corn, as much hay as you can possibly spare, and, -if possible, a barge of coal.<br > -<br > +if possible, a barge of coal.<br> +<br> I will send a steamboat under care of the gunboat, to collect corn -from cribs on the river-bank.<br > -<br > -I have the honor to be your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN,<br > -Brigadier-General, commanding First Division.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +from cribs on the river-bank.<br> +<br> +I have the honor to be your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN,<br> +Brigadier-General, commanding First Division.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS, STEAMBOAT CONTINENTAL, Pittsburg, March 18, -1882.<br > -<br > -Captain RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General to General GRANT.<br > -<br > +1882.<br> +<br> +Captain RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General to General GRANT.<br> +<br> SIR: The division surgeon having placed some one hundred or more sick on board the Fanny Bullitt, I have permitted her to take them to Savannah. There is neither house nor building of any kind that -can be used for a hospital here.<br > -<br > +can be used for a hospital here.<br> +<br> I hope to receive an order to establish floating hospitals, but in the mean time, by the advise of the surgeon, allow these sick men -to leave. Let me hope that it will meet your approbation.<br > -<br > +to leave. Let me hope that it will meet your approbation.<br> +<br> The order for debarkation came while General Sherman was absent with three brigades, and no men are left to move the effects of -these brigades.<br > -<br > +these brigades.<br> +<br> The landing, too, is small, with scarcely any chance to increase it; therefore there is a great accumulation of boats. Colonel McArthur has arrived, and is now cutting a landing for -himself.<br > -<br > +himself.<br> +<br> General Sherman will return this evening. I am obliged to -transgress, and write myself in the mean time,<br > -<br > -Respectfully your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -J. H. HAMMOND, Assistant Adjutant-General.<br > +transgress, and write myself in the mean time,<br> +<br> +Respectfully your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +J. H. HAMMOND, Assistant Adjutant-General.<br> P. S—4 p.m.—Just back; have been half-way to Corinth and to Purdy. All right. Have just read this letter, and approve all but floating hospitals; regimental surgeons can take care of all sick, except chronic cases, which can always be sent down to -Paducah.<br > +Paducah.<br> Magnificent plain for camping and drilling, and a military point of great strength. The enemy has felt us twice, at great loss and demoralization; will report at length this evening; am now much -worn out.<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION<br > -Pittsburg Landing, March 19, 1862.<br > -<br > +worn out.<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION<br> +Pittsburg Landing, March 19, 1862.<br> +<br> Captain RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General to General GRANT, -Savannah, Tennessee.<br > -<br > +Savannah, Tennessee.<br> +<br> SIR: I have just returned from an extensive reconnoissance toward Corinth and Purdy, and am strongly impressed with the importance of this position, both for its land advantages and its strategic @@ -9715,25 +9715,25 @@ command, and yet affords admirable camping-ground for a hundred thousand men. I will as soon as possible make or cause to be made a topographical sketch of the position. The only drawback is that, at this stage of water, the space for landing is contracted too much -for the immense fleet now here discharging.<br > -<br > +for the immense fleet now here discharging.<br> +<br> I will push the loading and unloading of boats, but suggest that you send at once (Captain Dodd, if possible) the best quartermaster you can, that he may control and organize this whole matter. I have a good commissary, and will keep as few provisions afloat as -possible. Yours, etc.,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS SHERMAN'S DIVISION<br > -Camp Shiloh, near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, April 2, 1862<br > -<br > +possible. Yours, etc.,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS SHERMAN'S DIVISION<br> +Camp Shiloh, near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, April 2, 1862<br> +<br> Captain J. A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General to General -GRANT.<br > -<br > +GRANT.<br> +<br> SIR: In obedience to General Grant's instructions of March 31st, with one section of Captain Muench's Minnesota Battery, two twelve-pound howitzers, a detachment of Fifth Ohio Cavalry of one @@ -9751,8 +9751,8 @@ steadily and cautiously, followed close by the Tyler and Lexington, all throwing shells at the points where, on former visits of the gunboats, enemy's batteries were found. In this order all followed, till it was demonstrated that all the enemy's batteries, including -that at Chickasaw, were abandoned.<br > -<br > +that at Chickasaw, were abandoned.<br> +<br> I ordered the battalion of infantry under Colonel Hildebrand to disembark at Eastport, and with the other battalion proceeded to Chickasaw and landed. The battery at this point had evidently been @@ -9762,8 +9762,8 @@ into a two-gun battery, with a small magazine. The ground to its rear had evidently been overflowed during the late freshet, and led to the removal of the guns to Eastport, where the batteries were on high, elevated ground, accessible at all seasons from the country -to the rear.<br > -<br > +to the rear.<br> +<br> Upon personal inspection, I attach little importance to Chickasaw as a military position. The people, who had fled during the approach of the gunboats, returned to the village, and said the @@ -9772,11 +9772,11 @@ artillery from Pensacola. After remaining at Chickasaw some hours, all the boats dropped back to Eastport, not more than a mile below, and landed there. Eastport Landing during the late freshet must have been about twelve feet under water, but at the present stage -the landing is the best I have seen on the Tennessee River.<br > -<br > +the landing is the best I have seen on the Tennessee River.<br> +<br> The levee is clear of trees or snags, and a hundred boats could -land there without confusion.<br > -<br > +land there without confusion.<br> +<br> The soil is of sand and gravel, and very firm. The road back is hard, and at a distance of about four hundred yards from the water begin the gravel hills of the country. The infantry scouts sent out @@ -9789,22 +9789,22 @@ to the strength of the enemy there, but am satisfied that it would have been folly to have attempted it with my command. Our object being to dislodge the enemy from the batteries recently erected near Eastport, and this being attained, I have returned, and report -the river to be clear to and beyond Chickasaw.<br > -<br > -I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN,<br > -Brigadier-General commanding Division.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br > -CAMP SHILOH, April 5, 1862.<br > -<br > +the river to be clear to and beyond Chickasaw.<br> +<br> +I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN,<br> +Brigadier-General commanding Division.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br> +CAMP SHILOH, April 5, 1862.<br> +<br> Captain J. A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General, District of -Western Tennessee.<br > -<br > +Western Tennessee.<br> +<br> SIR: I have the honor to report that yesterday, about 3 p.m., the lieutenant commanding and seven men of the advance pickets imprudently advanced from their posts and were captured. I ordered @@ -9816,13 +9816,13 @@ brigade commander had gone forward in pursuit of some cavalry. He rapidly advanced some two miles, and found them engaged, charged the enemy, and drove them along the Ridge road, till he met and received three discharges of artillery, when he very properly -wheeled under cover, and returned till he met me.<br > -<br > +wheeled under cover, and returned till he met me.<br> +<br> As soon as I heard artillery, I advanced with two regiments of infantry, and took position, and remained until the scattered companies of infantry and cavalry had returned. This was after -night.<br > -<br > +night.<br> +<br> I infer that the enemy is in some considerable force at Pea Ridge, that yesterday morning they crossed a brigade of two regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry, and one battery of @@ -9835,31 +9835,31 @@ two companies of Colonel Buckland's regiment, as described by him in his report herewith inclosed. Our cavalry drove them back upon their artillery and Infantry, killing many, and bringing off ten prisoners, all of the First Alabama Cavalry, whom I send to -you.<br > -<br > +you.<br> +<br> We lost of the pickets one first-lieutenant and seven men of the Ohio Seventieth Infantry (list inclosed); one major, one lieutenant, and one private of the Seventy-second Ohio, taken prisoners; eight privates wounded (names in full, embraced in -report of Colonel Buckland, inclosed herewith).<br > -<br > +report of Colonel Buckland, inclosed herewith).<br> +<br> We took ten prisoners, and left two rebels wounded and many killed -on the field.<br > -<br > -I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN,<br > -Brigadier-General, commanding Division.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br > -Camp Shiloh, April 10, 1862.<br > -<br > +on the field.<br> +<br> +I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN,<br> +Brigadier-General, commanding Division.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br> +Camp Shiloh, April 10, 1862.<br> +<br> Captain J. A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General to General -GRANT.<br > -<br > +GRANT.<br> +<br> SIR: I had the honor to report that, on Friday the 4th inst., the enemy's cavalry drove in our pickets, posted about a mile and a half in advance of my centre, on the main Corinth road, capturing @@ -9873,55 +9873,55 @@ when I ordered under arms all my division, and sent word to General McClernand, asking him to support my left; to General Prentiss, giving him notice that the enemy was in our front in force, and to General Hurlbut, asking him to support General Prentiss. At that -time—7 a.m.—my division was arranged as follows:<br > -<br > +time—7 A.M.—my division was arranged as follows:<br> +<br> First Brigade, composed of the Sixth Iowa, Colonel J. A. -McDowell;<br > -<br > +McDowell;<br> +<br> Fortieth Illinois, Colonel Hicks; Forty-sixth Ohio, Colonel Worthington; and the Morton battery, Captain Behr, on the extreme -right, guarding the bridge on the Purdy road over Owl Creek.<br > -<br > +right, guarding the bridge on the Purdy road over Owl Creek.<br> +<br> Second Brigade, composed of the Fifty-fifth Illinois, Colonel D. Stuart; the Fifty-fourth Ohio, Colonel T. Kilby Smith; and the Seventy-first Ohio, Colonel Mason, on the extreme left, guarding -the ford over Lick Creek.<br > -<br > +the ford over Lick Creek.<br> +<br> Third Brigade, composed of the Seventy-seventh Ohio, Colonel Hildebrand; the Fifty-third Ohio, Colonel Appler; and the Fifty-seventh Ohio, Colonel Mungen, on the left of the Corinth -road, its right resting on Shiloh meeting-house.<br > -<br > +road, its right resting on Shiloh meeting-house.<br> +<br> Fourth Brigade, composed of the Seventy-second Ohio, Colonel Buckland; the Forty-eighth Ohio, Colonel Sullivan; and the Seventieth Ohio, Colonel Cookerill, on the right of the Corinth -road, its left resting on Shiloh meeting-house.<br > -<br > +road, its left resting on Shiloh meeting-house.<br> +<br> Two batteries of artillery—Taylor's and Waterhouse's—were posted, the former at Shiloh, and the latter on a ridge to the left, with a front-fire over open ground between Mungen's and Appler's regiments. The cavalry, eight companies of the Fourth Illinois, under Colonel Dickey, were posted in a large open field to the left and rear of Shiloh meeting-house, -which I regarded as the centre of my position.<br > -<br > -Shortly after 7 a.m., with my entire staff, I rode along a portion +which I regarded as the centre of my position.<br> +<br> +Shortly after 7 A.M., with my entire staff, I rode along a portion of our front, and when in the open field before Appler's regiment, the enemy's pickets opened a brisk fire upon my party, killing my orderly, Thomas D. Holliday, of Company H, Second Illinois Cavalry. The fire came from the bushes which line a small stream that rises in the field in front of Appler's camp, and flows to the north -along my whole front.<br > -<br > +along my whole front.<br> +<br> This valley afforded the enemy partial cover; but our men were so posted as to have a good fire at them as they crossed the valley -and ascended the rising ground on our side.<br > -<br > -About 8 a.m. I saw the glistening bayonets of heavy masses of +and ascended the rising ground on our side.<br> +<br> +About 8 A.M. I saw the glistening bayonets of heavy masses of infantry to our left front in the woods beyond the small stream alluded to, and became satisfied for the first time that the enemy -designed a determined attack on our whole camp.<br > -<br > +designed a determined attack on our whole camp.<br> +<br> All the regiments of my division were then in line of battle at their proper posts. I rode to Colonel Appler, and ordered him to hold his ground at all hazards, as he held the left flank of our @@ -9929,8 +9929,8 @@ first line of battle, and I informed him that he had a good battery on his right, and strong support to his rear. General McClernand had promptly and energetically responded to my request, and had sent me three regiments which were posted to protect Waterhouse's -battery and the left flank of my line.<br > -<br > +battery and the left flank of my line.<br> +<br> The battle opened by the enemy's battery, in the woods to our front, throwing shells into our camp. Taylor's and Waterhouse's batteries promptly responded, and I then observed heavy battalions @@ -9947,8 +9947,8 @@ sound of artillery and musketry announced that General Prentiss was engaged; and about 9 A. M. I judged that he was falling back. About this time Appler's regiment broke in disorder, followed by Mungen's regiment, and the enemy pressed forward on Waterhouse's battery -thereby exposed.<br > -<br > +thereby exposed.<br> +<br> The three Illinois regiments in immediate support of this battery stood for some time; but the enemy's advance was so vigorous, and the fire so severe, that when Colonel Raith, of the Forty-third @@ -9958,7 +9958,7 @@ possession of three guns of this (Waterhouse's) battery. Although our left was thus turned, and the enemy was pressing our whole line, I deemed Shiloh so important, that I remained by it and renewed my orders to Colonels McDowell and Buckland to hold their -ground; and we did hold these positions until about 10 a.m., when +ground; and we did hold these positions until about 10 A.M., when the enemy had got his artillery to the rear of our left flank and some change became absolutely necessary. Two regiments of Hildebrand's brigade—Appler's and Mungen's—had already @@ -9977,7 +9977,7 @@ brigade had substantially disappeared from the field, though he himself bravely remained. McDowell's and Buckland's brigades maintained their organizations, and were conducted by my aides, so as to join on General McClernand's right, thus abandoning my -original camps and line. This was about 10 1/2 a.m., at which time +original camps and line. This was about 10 1/2 A.M., at which time the enemy had made a furious attack on General McClernand's whole front. He straggled most determinedly, but, finding him pressed, I moved McDowell's brigade directly against the left flank of the @@ -9996,8 +9996,8 @@ with reinforcements from Cramp's Landing, General McClernand and I, on consultation, selected a new line of defense, with its right covering a bridge by which General Wallace had to approach. We fell back as well as we could, gathering in addition to our own such -scattered forces as we could find, and formed the new line.<br > -<br > +scattered forces as we could find, and formed the new line.<br> +<br> During this change the enemy's cavalry charged us, but were handsomely repulsed by the Twenty-ninth Illinois Regiment. The Fifth Ohio Battery, which had come up, rendered good service in @@ -10010,8 +10010,8 @@ back into the ravines to our front and right. I had a clear field, about two hundred yards wide, in my immediate front, and contented myself with keeping the enemy's infantry at that distance during the rest of the day. In this position we rested for the -night.<br > -<br > +night.<br> +<br> My command had become decidedly of a mixed character. Buckland's brigade was the only one that retained its organization. Colonel Hildebrand was personally there, but his brigade was not. Colonel @@ -10029,8 +10029,8 @@ arrived from Crump's Landing shortly after dark, and formed his line to my right rear. It rained hard during the night, but our men were in good spirits, lay on their arms, being satisfied with such bread and meat as could be gathered at the neighboring camps, and -determined to redeem on Monday the losses of Sunday.<br > -<br > +determined to redeem on Monday the losses of Sunday.<br> +<br> At daylight of Monday I received General Grant's orders to advance and recapture our original camps. I dispatched several members of my staff to bring up all the men they could find, especially the @@ -10042,7 +10042,7 @@ ground on the extreme right of General McClernand's camp, where we attracted the fire of a battery located near Colonel McDowell's former headquarters. Here I remained, patiently waiting for the sound of General Buell's advance upon the main Corinth road. About -10 a.m. the heavy firing in that direction, and its steady +10 A.M. the heavy firing in that direction, and its steady approach, satisfied me; and General Wallace being on our right flank with his well-conducted division, I led the head of my column to General McClernand's right, formed line of battle, facing south, @@ -10072,8 +10072,8 @@ and, seeing some others to the rear, I sent one of my staff to bring them forward, when, by almost providential decree, they proved to be two twenty-four pound howitzers belonging to McAlister's battery, and served as well as guns ever could -be.<br > -<br > +be.<br> +<br> This was about 2 p.m. The enemy had one battery close by Shiloh, and another near the Hamburg road, both pouring grape and canister upon any column of troops that advanced upon the green point of @@ -10086,22 +10086,22 @@ its right; all to advance abreast with this Kentucky brigade before mentioned, which I afterward found to be Rousseau's brigade of McCook's division. I gave personal direction to the twenty-four pounder guns, whose well-directed fire first silenced the enemy's -guns to the left, and afterward at the Shiloh meeting-house.<br > -<br > +guns to the left, and afterward at the Shiloh meeting-house.<br> +<br> Rousseau's brigade moved in splendid order steadily to the front, sweeping every thing before it, and at 4 p.m. we stood upon the ground of our original front line; and the enemy was in full retreat. I directed my several brigades to resume at once their -original camps.<br > -<br > +original camps.<br> +<br> Several times during the battle, cartridges gave out; but General Grant had thoughtfully kept a supply coming from the rear. When I appealed to regiments to stand fast, although out of cartridges, I did so because, to retire a regiment for any cause, has a bad effect on others. I commend the Fortieth Illinois and Thirteenth Missouri for thus holding their ground under heavy fire, although -their cartridge-boxes were empty.<br > -<br > +their cartridge-boxes were empty.<br> +<br> I am ordered by General Grant to give personal credit where I think it is due, and censure where I think it merited. I concede that General McCook's splendid division from Kentucky drove back the @@ -10110,13 +10110,13 @@ field of battle, where Beauregard commanded in person, supported by Bragg's, Polk's, and Breckenridge's divisions. I think Johnston was killed by exposing himself in front of his troops, at the time of their attack on Buckland's brigade on Sunday morning; although in -this I may be mistaken.<br > -<br > +this I may be mistaken.<br> +<br> My division was made up of regiments perfectly new, nearly all having received their muskets for the first time at Paducah. None of them had ever been under fire or beheld heavy columns of an -enemy bearing down on them as they did on last Sunday.<br > -<br > +enemy bearing down on them as they did on last Sunday.<br> +<br> To expect of them the coolness and steadiness of older troops would be wrong. They knew not the value of combination and organization. When individual fears seized them, the first impulse was to get @@ -10135,8 +10135,8 @@ severe wound on Sunday, and yet commanding and holding his regiment well in hand all day, and on Monday, until his right arm was broken by a shot. Colonel Cookerill held a larger proportion of his men than any colonel in my division, and was with me from first to -last.<br > -<br > +last.<br> +<br> Colonel J. A. McDowell, commanding the first brigade, held his ground on Sunday, till I ordered him to fall back, which he did in line of battle; and when ordered, he conducted the attack on the @@ -10155,8 +10155,8 @@ interposed between him and General Prentiss early in the day. Colonel Stuart was wounded severely, and yet reported for duty on Monday morning, but was compelled to leave during the day, when the command devolved on Colonel T. Kilby Smith, who was always in the -thickest of the fight, and led the brigade handsomely.<br > -<br > +thickest of the fight, and led the brigade handsomely.<br> +<br> I have not yet received Colonel Stuart's report of the operations of his brigade during the time he was detached, and must therefore forbear to mention names. Lieutenant-Colonel Kyle, of the @@ -10170,8 +10170,8 @@ individuals, but will in due season notice all who kept in our front line, as well as those who preferred to keep back near the steamboat-landing. I will also send a full list of the killed, wounded, and missing, by name, rank, company, and regiment. At -present I submit the result in figures:<br > -<br > +present I submit the result in figures:<br> +<br> <h4>[Summary of General Sherman's detailed table:]</h4> <div style="text-align: center"> <table> @@ -10193,15 +10193,15 @@ present I submit the result in figures:<br > </tr> </table> </div> -<br > +<br> The enemy captured seven of our guns on Sunday, but on Monday we recovered seven; not the identical guns we had lost, but enough in number to balance the account. At the time of recovering our camps our men were so fatigued that we could not follow the retreating masses of the enemy; but on the following day I followed up with Buckland's and Hildebrand's brigade for six miles, the result of -which I have already reported.<br > -<br > +which I have already reported.<br> +<br> Of my personal staff, I can only speak with praise and thanks. I think they smelled as much gunpowder and heard as many cannon-balls and bullets as must satisfy their ambition. Captain Hammond, my @@ -10225,26 +10225,26 @@ so much depended. I inclose his report and indorse his recommendations. The cavalry of my command kept to the rear, and took little part in the action; but it would have been madness to have exposed horses to the musketry-fire under which we were -compelled to remain from Sunday at 8 a.m. till Monday at 4 p.m. +compelled to remain from Sunday at 8 A.M. till Monday at 4 p.m. Captain Kossack, of the engineers, was with me all the time, and was of great assistance. I inclose his sketch of the battlefield, which is the best I have seen, and which will enable you to see the various positions occupied by my division, as well as of the others that participated in the battle. I will also send in, during the day, the detailed reports of my brigadiers and colonels, and will -indorse them with such remarks as I deem proper.<br > -<br > -I am, with much respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN,<br > -Brigadier-General commanding Fifth Division.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br > -Tuesday, April 8,1862<br > -<br > +indorse them with such remarks as I deem proper.<br> +<br> +I am, with much respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN,<br> +Brigadier-General commanding Fifth Division.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br> +Tuesday, April 8,1862<br> +<br> Sir: With the cavalry placed at my command and two brigades of my fatigued troops, I went this morning out on the Corinth road. One after another of the abandoned camps of the enemy lined the roads, @@ -10271,8 +10271,8 @@ down boldly at a charge, led by General Forrest in person, breaking through our line of skirmishers; when the regiment of infantry, without cause, broke, threw away their muskets, and fled. The ground was admirably adapted for a defense of infantry against -cavalry, being miry and covered with fallen timber.<br > -<br > +cavalry, being miry and covered with fallen timber.<br> +<br> As the regiment of infantry broke, Dickey's Cavalry began to discharge their carbines, and fell into disorder. I instantly sent orders to the rear for the brigade to form line of battle, which @@ -10284,8 +10284,8 @@ mile farther on the road. On examining the ground which had been occupied by the Seventy-seventh Ohio, we found fifteen of our men dead and about twenty-five wounded. I sent for wagons and had all the wounded carried back to camp, and caused the dead to be buried, -also the whole rebel camp to be destroyed.<br > -<br > +also the whole rebel camp to be destroyed.<br> +<br> Here we found much ammunition for field-pieces, which was destroyed; also two caissons, and a general hospital, with about two hundred and eighty Confederate wounded, and about fifty of our @@ -10311,13 +10311,13 @@ us at the fallen timber delayed our advance, so that night came upon us before the wounded were provided for and the dead buried, and our troops being fagged out by three days' hard fighting, exposure, and privation, I ordered them back to their camps, where -they now are.<br > -<br > -I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +they now are.<br> +<br> +I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> W.T. SHERMAN Brigadier-General commanding Division.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>General Grant did not make an official report of the battle of Shiloh, but all its incidents and events were covered by the reports of division commanders and Subordinates. Probably no single @@ -10332,7 +10332,7 @@ who had reached the steamboat-landing from the east, just before nightfall of the 6th, when there was a large crowd of frightened, stampeded men, who clamored and declared that our army was all destroyed and beaten. Personally I saw General Grant, who with his -staff visited me about 10 a.m. of the 6th, when we were desperately +staff visited me about 10 A.M. of the 6th, when we were desperately engaged. But we had checked the headlong assault of our enemy, and then held our ground. This gave him great satisfaction, and he told me that things did not look as well over on the left. He also told @@ -10419,7 +10419,7 @@ arrived we would march to Corinth to attack the enemy. The rebel army, commanded by General Albert Sidney Johnston, was, according to their own reports and admissions, forty-five thousand strong, had the momentum of attack, and beyond all question fought -skillfully from early morning till about 2 a.m., when their +skillfully from early morning till about 2 A.M., when their commander-in-chief was killed by a Mini-ball in the calf of his leg, which penetrated the boot and severed the main artery. There was then a perceptible lull for a couple of hours, when the attack @@ -10442,22 +10442,22 @@ and twenty-two prisoners; aggregate, twelve thousand two hundred and seventeen, of which twenty-one hundred and sixty-seven were in Buell's army, leaving for that of Grant ten thousand and fifty. This result is a fair measure of the amount of fighting done by -each army.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<a id="ch11"></a><br > -<br ></p> +each army.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<a id="ch11"></a><br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2>CHAPTER XI.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>SHILOH TO MEMPHIS.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>APRIL TO JULY, 1862.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>While, the "Army of the Tennessee," under Generals Grant and C. F. Smith, was operating up the Tennessee River, another force, styled the "Army of the Mississippi," commanded by Major-General @@ -10725,21 +10725,21 @@ to go without seeing me again, or communicating with me. Very soon after this, I was ordered to Chewalla, where, on the 6th of June, I received a note from him, saying that he had reconsidered his intention, and would remain. I cannot find the note, but my answer -I have kept:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -Chewalla, Jane 6, 1862.<br > -<br > -Major-General GRANT.<br > -<br > +I have kept:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +Chewalla, Jane 6, 1862.<br> +<br> +Major-General GRANT.<br> +<br> My DEAR SIR: I have just received your note, and am rejoiced at your conclusion to remain; for you could not be quiet at home for a week when armies were moving, and rest could not relieve your mind of the gnawing sensation that injustice had been done you.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>My orders at Chewalla were to rescue the wrecked trains there, to reconnoitre westward and estimate the amount of damage to the railroad as far as Grand Junction, about fifty miles. We camped our @@ -11038,31 +11038,31 @@ Hernando. General Grant, in like manner, was reenforced by new regiments.</p> <p>Out of those which were assigned to Memphis, I organized two new brigades, and placed them under officers who had gained skill and -experience during the previous campaign.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +experience during the previous campaign.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch12"></a>CHAPTER XII.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>MEMPHIS TO ARKANSAS POST.</h3> -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> JULY, 1882 TO JANUARY, 1883</div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Arkansas_Post"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Arkansas Post.jpg (142K)" src="images/ArkansasPost.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Arkansas Post.jpg (142K)" src="images/ArkansasPost.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/ArkansasPost.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt= -"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > +"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> <p>When we first entered Memphis, July 21,1862, I found the place dead; no business doing, the stores closed, churches, schools, and every thing shut up. The people were all more or less in sympathy @@ -11104,18 +11104,18 @@ military, and committed to Treasury agents appointed by Mr. Chase.</p> <p>Other questions absorbed the attention of military commanders; and by way of illustration I here insert a few letters from my -"letter-book," which contains hundreds on similar subjects:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br > -Memphis, Tennessee, August 11, 1862<br > -<br > -Hon. S. P. CHASE, Secretary of the Treasury.<br > -<br > +"letter-book," which contains hundreds on similar subjects:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br> +Memphis, Tennessee, August 11, 1862<br> +<br> +Hon. S. P. CHASE, Secretary of the Treasury.<br> +<br> Sir: Your letter of August 2d, just received, invites my discussion -of the cotton question.<br > -<br > +of the cotton question.<br> +<br> I will write plainly and slowly, because I know you have no time to listen to trifles. This is no trifle; when one nation is at war with another, all the people of the one are enemies of the other: @@ -11171,8 +11171,8 @@ our greenbacks, were willing enough to take Tennessee money, which will buy their groceries; but now that the trade is to be encouraged, and gold paid out, I admit that cotton will be sent in by our open enemies, who can make better use of gold than they can -of their hidden bales of cotton.<br > -<br > +of their hidden bales of cotton.<br> +<br> I may not appreciate the foreign aspect of the question, but my views on this may be ventured. If England ever threatens war because we don't furnish her cotton, tell her plainly if she can't @@ -11190,41 +11190,41 @@ require a close calculation to determine whether England, her laws and history, claim for a home the Continent of America or the Isle of Britain. Therefore, finding us in a death-struggle for existence, she seems to seek a quarrel to destroy both parts in -detail.<br > -<br > +detail.<br> +<br> Southern people know this full well, and will only accept the alliance of England in order to get arms and manufactures in exchange for their cotton. The Southern Confederacy will accept no other mediation, because she knows full well that in Old England her slaves and slavery will receive no more encouragement than in -New England.<br > -<br > +New England.<br> +<br> France certainly does not need our cotton enough to disturb her equilibrium, and her mediation would be entitled to a more respect consideration than on the part of her present ally. But I feel assured the French will not encourage rebellion and secession anywhere as a political doctrine. Certainly all the German states must be our ardent friends; and, in case of European intervention; -they could not be kept down.<br > -<br > -With great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +they could not be kept down.<br> +<br> +With great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION, ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Memphis, July -23, 1862<br > -<br > +23, 1862<br> +<br> Dr. E. S. PLUMMER and others, Physician in Memphis, Signers to a -Petition.<br > -<br > +Petition.<br> +<br> GENTLEMEN: I have this moment received your communication, and assure you that it grieves my heart thus to be the instrument of adding to the seeming cruelty and hardship of this unnatural -war.<br > -<br > +war.<br> +<br> On my arrival here, I found my predecessor (General Hovey) had issued an order permitting the departure south of all persons subject to the conscript law of the Southern Confederacy. Many @@ -11235,33 +11235,33 @@ determine what action I shall adopt in relation to persons unfriendly to our cause who remain after the time limited by General Hovey's order had expired. It is now sunset, and all who have not availed themselves of General Hovey's authority, and who -remain in Memphis, are supposed to be loyal and true men.<br > -<br > +remain in Memphis, are supposed to be loyal and true men.<br> +<br> I will only say that I cannot allow the personal convenience of even a large class of ladies to influence me in my determination to make Memphis a safe place of operations for an army, and all people who are unfriendly should forthwith prepare to depart in such -direction as I may hereafter indicate.<br > -<br > +direction as I may hereafter indicate.<br> +<br> Surgeons are not liable to be made prisoners of war, but they should not reside within the lines of an army which they regard as -hostile. The situation would be too delicate.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS, MEMPHIS, July 24, 1862<br > -<br > -SAMUEL SAWYER, Esq., Editor Union Appeal, Memphis.<br > -<br > +hostile. The situation would be too delicate.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS, MEMPHIS, July 24, 1862<br> +<br> +SAMUEL SAWYER, Esq., Editor Union Appeal, Memphis.<br> +<br> DEAR SIR: It is well I should come to an understanding at once with the press as well as the people of Memphis, which I am ordered to command; which means, to control for the interest, welfare; and -glory of the whole Government of the United States.<br > -<br > +glory of the whole Government of the United States.<br> +<br> Personalities in a newspaper are wrong and criminal. Thus, though you meant to be complimentary in your sketch of my career, you make more than a dozen mistakes of fact, which I need not correct, as I @@ -11269,14 +11269,14 @@ don't desire my biography to be written till I am dead. It is enough for the world to know that I live and am a soldier, bound to obey the orders of my superiors, the laws of my country, and to venerate its Constitution; and that, when discretion is given me, I -shall exercise it wisely and account to my superiors.<br > -<br > +shall exercise it wisely and account to my superiors.<br> +<br> I regard your article headed "City Council—General Sherman and Colonel Slack," as highly indiscreet. Of course, no person who can jeopardize the safety of Memphis can remain here, much less exercise public authority; but I must take time, and be satisfied -that injustice be not done.<br > -<br > +that injustice be not done.<br> +<br> If the parties named be the men you describe, the fact should not be published, to put them on their guard and thus to encourage their escape. The evidence should be carefully collected, @@ -11291,11 +11291,11 @@ morning, of the acknowledged error as to General Denver and others, is still erroneous. General Morgan L. Smith did not belong to my command at the battle of Shiloh at all, but he was transferred to my division just before reaching Corinth. I mention these facts in -kindness, to show you how wrong it is to speak of persons.<br > -<br > +kindness, to show you how wrong it is to speak of persons.<br> +<br> I will attend to the judge, mayor, Boards of Aldermen, and -policemen, all in good time.<br > -<br > +policemen, all in good time.<br> +<br> Use your influence to reestablish system, order, government. You may rest easy that no military commander is going to neglect internal safety, or to guard against external danger; but to do @@ -11308,25 +11308,25 @@ fame, then they had better look out; for I regard such persons as greater enemies to their country and to mankind than the men who, from a mistaken sense of State pride, have taken up muskets, and fight us about as hard as we care about. In haste, but in kindness, -yours, etc.,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION,<br > -MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, July 27, 1882.<br > -<br > -JOHN PARK, Mayor of Memphis, present.<br > -<br > +yours, etc.,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION,<br> +MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, July 27, 1882.<br> +<br> +JOHN PARK, Mayor of Memphis, present.<br> +<br> Sir: Yours of July 24th is before me, and has received, as all similar papers ever will, my careful and most respectful consideration. I have the most unbounded respect for the civil law, courts, and authorities, and shall do all in my power to restore them to their proper use, viz., the protection of life, liberty, -and property.<br > -<br > +and property.<br> +<br> Unfortunately, at this time, civil war prevails in the land, and necessarily the military, for the time being, must be superior to the civil authority, but it does not therefore destroy it. Civil @@ -11367,21 +11367,21 @@ and maintenance, I will approve it and aid you in the collection of the tax. Of course, I cannot suggest how this tax should be laid, but I think that it should be made uniform on all interests, real estate, and personal property, including money, and -merchandise.<br > -<br > +merchandise.<br> +<br> All who are protected should share the expenses in proportion to the interests involved. I am, with respect, your obedient -servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION,<br > -MEMPHIS, August 7, 1862.<br > -<br > -Captain FITCH, Assistant Quartermaster, Memphis, Tennessee.<br > -<br > +servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION,<br> +MEMPHIS, August 7, 1862.<br> +<br> +Captain FITCH, Assistant Quartermaster, Memphis, Tennessee.<br> +<br> SIR: The duties devolving on the quartermaster of this post, in addition to his legitimate functions, are very important and onerous, and I am fully aware that the task is more than should @@ -11394,104 +11394,104 @@ are: "Take possession of all vacant stores and houses in the city, and have them rented at reasonable rates; rent to be paid monthly in advance. These buildings, with their tenants, can be turned over to proprietors on proof of loyalty; also take charge of such as -have been leased out by disloyal owners."<br > -<br > +have been leased out by disloyal owners."<br> +<br> I understand that General Grant takes the rents and profits of this class of real property under the rules and laws of war, and not under the confiscation act of Congress; therefore the question of title is not involved simply the possession, and the rents and profits of houses belonging to our enemies, which are not vacant, we hold in trust for them or the Government, according to the -future decisions of the proper tribunals.<br > -<br > +future decisions of the proper tribunals.<br> +<br> Mr. McDonald, your chief agent in renting and managing this business, called on me last evening and left with me written questions, which it would take a volume to answer and a Webster to elucidate; but as we can only attempt plain, substantial justice, I will answer these questions as well as I can, briefly and to the -point.<br > -<br > +point.<br> +<br> First. When ground is owned by parties who have gone south, and have leased the ground to parties now in the city who own the -improvements on the ground?<br > -<br > +improvements on the ground?<br> +<br> Answer. The United States takes the rents due the owner of the -land; does not disturb the owner of the improvements.<br > -<br > +land; does not disturb the owner of the improvements.<br> +<br> Second. When parties owning houses have gone south, and the tenant -has given his notes for the rent in advance?<br > -<br > +has given his notes for the rent in advance?<br> +<br> Answer. Notes are mere evidence of the debt due landlord. The tenant pays the rent to the quartermaster, who gives a bond of indemnity against the notes representing the debt for the -particular rent.<br > -<br > +particular rent.<br> +<br> Third. When the tenant has expended several months' rent in repairs -on the house?<br > -<br > +on the house?<br> +<br> Answer. Of course, allow all such credits on reasonable proof and -showing.<br > -<br > +showing.<br> +<br> Fourth. When the owner has gone south, and parties here hold liens on the property and are collecting the rents to satisfy their -liens?<br > -<br > +liens?<br> +<br> Answer. The rent of a house can only be mortgaged to a person in possession. If a loyal tenant be in possession and claim the rent from himself as due to himself on some other debt, allow it; but, if not in actual possession of the property, rents are not good -liens for a debt, but must be paid to the quartermaster.<br > -<br > -Fifth. Of parties claiming foreign protection?<br > -<br > +liens for a debt, but must be paid to the quartermaster.<br> +<br> +Fifth. Of parties claiming foreign protection?<br> +<br> Answer. Many claim foreign protection who are not entitled to it. If they are foreign subjects residing for business in this, country, they are entitled to consideration and protection so long as they obey the laws of the country. If they occupy houses belonging to absent rebels, they must pay rent to the quarter-master. If they own property, they must occupy it by -themselves, tenants, or servants.<br > -<br > +themselves, tenants, or servants.<br> +<br> Eighth. When houses are occupied and the owner has gone south, -leaving an agent to collect rent for his benefit?<br > -<br > +leaving an agent to collect rent for his benefit?<br> +<br> Answer. Rent must be paid to the quartermaster. No agent can collect and remit money south without subjecting himself to arrest -and trial for aiding and abetting the public enemy.<br > -<br > +and trial for aiding and abetting the public enemy.<br> +<br> Ninth.. When houses are owned by loyal citizens, but are -unoccupied?<br > -<br > +unoccupied?<br> +<br> Answer. Such should not be disturbed, but it would be well to -advise them to have some servant at the house to occupy it.<br > -<br > +advise them to have some servant at the house to occupy it.<br> +<br> Tenth. When parties who occupy the house are creditors of the owner, who has gone south? Answer. You only look to collection of rents. Any person who transmits money south is liable to arrest and trial for aiding and abetting the enemy; but I do not think it our -business to collect debts other than rents.<br > -<br > +business to collect debts other than rents.<br> +<br> Eleventh. When the parties who own the property have left the city under General Hovey's Order No. 1, but are in the immediate -neighborhood, on their plantations?<br > -<br > +neighborhood, on their plantations?<br> +<br> Answer. It makes no difference where they are, so they are -absent.<br > -<br > +absent.<br> +<br> Twelfth. When movable property is found in stores that are -closed?<br > -<br > +closed?<br> +<br> Answer. The goods are security for the rent. If the owner of the goods prefers to remove the goods to paying rent, he can do -so.<br > -<br > +so.<br> +<br> Thirteenth. When the owner lives in town, and refuses to take the -oath of allegiance?<br > -<br > +oath of allegiance?<br> +<br> Answer. If the house be occupied, it does not fall under the order. If the house be vacant, it does. The owner can recover his property -by taking the oath.<br > -<br > +by taking the oath.<br> +<br> All persons in Memphis residing within our military lines are presumed to be loyal, good citizens, and may at any moment be called to serve on juries, posses comitatua, or other civil service @@ -11500,8 +11500,8 @@ be called upon to do such duty, which would require them to acknowledge their allegiance and subordination to the Constitution of the United States, it would then be too late to refuse. So long as they remain quiet and conform to these laws, they are entitled -to protection in their property and lives.<br > -<br > +to protection in their property and lives.<br> +<br> We have nothing to do with confiscation. We only deal with possession, and therefore the necessity of a strict accountability, because the United States assumes the place of trustee, and must @@ -11510,23 +11510,23 @@ In due season courts will be established to execute the laws, the confiscation act included, when we will be relieved of this duty and trust. Until that time, every opportunity should be given to the wavering and disloyal to return to their allegiance to the -Constitution of their birth or adoption. I am, etc.,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN.<br > -<br > -Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br > -MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, August 26,1862<br > -<br > -Major-General GRANT, Corinth, Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Constitution of their birth or adoption. I am, etc.,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN.<br> +<br> +Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br> +MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, August 26,1862<br> +<br> +Major-General GRANT, Corinth, Mississippi.<br> +<br> Sir: In pursuance of your request that I should keep you advised of matters of interest here, in addition to the purely official -matters, I now write.<br > -<br > +matters, I now write.<br> +<br> I dispatched promptly the thirteen companies of cavalry, nine of Fourth Illinois, and four of Eleventh Illinois, to their respective destinations, punctually on the 23d instant, although the order was @@ -11534,8 +11534,8 @@ only received on the 22d. I received at the same time, from Colonel Dickey, the notice that the bridge over Hatchie was burned, and therefore I prescribed their order of march via Bolivar. They started at 12 m. of the 23d, and I have no news of them since. None -of the cavalry ordered to me is yet heard from.<br > -<br > +of the cavalry ordered to me is yet heard from.<br> +<br> The guerrillas have destroyed several bridges over Wolf Creek; one at Raleigh, on the road by which I had prescribed trade and travel to and from the city. I have a strong guard at the lower bridge @@ -11554,20 +11554,20 @@ river. Of course, in spite of all our efforts, smuggling is carried on. We occasionally make hauls of clothing, gold-lace, buttons, etc., but I am satisfied that salt and arms are got to the interior somehow. I have addressed the Board of Trade a letter on this -point, which will enable us to control it better.<br > -<br > +point, which will enable us to control it better.<br> +<br> You may have been troubled at hearing reports of drunkenness here. There was some after pay-day, but generally all is as quiet and orderly as possible. I traverse the city every day and night, and assert that Memphis is and has been as orderly a city as St. Louis, -Cincinnati, or New York.<br > -<br > +Cincinnati, or New York.<br> +<br> Before the city authorities undertook to license saloons, there was as much whiskey here as now, and it would take all my command as customhouse inspectors, to break open all the parcels and packages containing liquor. I can destroy all groggeries and shops where -soldiers get liquor just as we would in St. Louis.<br > -<br > +soldiers get liquor just as we would in St. Louis.<br> +<br> The newspapers are accusing me of cruelty to the sick; as base a charge as was ever made. I would not let the Sanitary Committee carry off a boat-load of sick, because I have no right to. We have @@ -11579,13 +11579,13 @@ away our entire command. General Curtis sends his sick up here, but usually no nurses; and it is not right that nurses should be taken from my command for his sick. I think that, when we are endeavoring to raise soldiers and to instruct them, it is bad policy to keep -them at hospitals as attendants and nurses.<br > -<br > +them at hospitals as attendants and nurses.<br> +<br> I send you Dr. Derby's acknowledgment that he gave the leave of absence of which he was charged. I have placed him in arrest, in obedience to General Halleck's orders, but he remains in charge of -the Overton Hospital, which is not full of patients.<br > -<br > +the Overton Hospital, which is not full of patients.<br> +<br> The State Hospital also is not full, and I cannot imagine what Dr. Derby wants with the Female Academy on Vance Street. I will see him again, and now that he is the chief at Overton Hospital, I think he @@ -11597,26 +11597,26 @@ a hospital, it must be taken; but really, in my heart, I do not see what possible chance there is, under present circumstances, of filling with patients the two large hospitals now in use, besides the one asked for. I may, however, be mistaken in the particular -building asked for by Dr. Derby, and will go myself to see.<br > -<br > +building asked for by Dr. Derby, and will go myself to see.<br> +<br> The fort is progressing well, Captain Jenney having arrived. Sixteen heavy guns are received, with a large amount of shot and shell, but the platforms are not yet ready; still, if occasion should arise for dispatch, I can put a larger force to work. Captain Prime, when here, advised that the work should proceed regularly under the proper engineer officers and laborers. I am, -etc.,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br > -MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, September 4, 1862<br > -<br > +etc.,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br> +MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, September 4, 1862<br> +<br> Colonel J. C, KELTON, Assistant Adjutant-General, Headquarters of -the army, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +the army, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> DEAR COLONEL: Please acknowledge to the major-general commanding the receipt by me of his letter, and convey to him my assurances that I have promptly modified my first instructions about cotton, @@ -11642,25 +11642,25 @@ prisoners of war destined for Vicksburg have been lying before Memphis for two days, but are now steaming up to resume their voyage. Our fort progresses well, but our guns are not yet mounted. The engineers are now shaping the banquette to receive platforms. I -expect Captain Prime from Corinth in two or three days.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, yours,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br > -MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, September 21, 1862<br > -<br > -Editor Bulletin.<br > -<br > +expect Captain Prime from Corinth in two or three days.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, yours,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION<br> +MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, September 21, 1862<br> +<br> +Editor Bulletin.<br> +<br> SIR: Your comments on the recent orders of Generals Halleck and McClellan afford the occasion appropriate for me to make public the fact that there is a law of Congress, as old as our Government itself, but reenacted on the 10th of April, 1806, and in force ever -since. That law reads:<br > -<br > +since. That law reads:<br> +<br> "All officers and soldiers are to behave themselves orderly in quarters and on the march; and whoever shall commit any waste or spoil, either in walks of trees, parks, warrens, fish-ponds, houses @@ -11670,8 +11670,8 @@ inhabitants of the United States, unless by order of the commander-in-chief of the armies of said United States, shall (besides such penalties as they are liable to by law) be punished according to the nature and degree of the offense, by the judgment -of a general or regimental court-martial."<br > -<br > +of a general or regimental court-martial."<br> +<br> Such is the law of Congress; and the orders of the commander-in-chief are, that officers or soldiers convicted of straggling and pillaging shall be punished with death. These orders @@ -11681,8 +11681,8 @@ commander-in-chief. Straggling and pillaging have ever been great military crimes; and every officer and soldier in my command knows what stress I have laid upon them, and that, so far as in my power lies, I will punish them to the full extent of the law and -orders.<br > -<br > +orders.<br> +<br> The law is one thing, the execution of the law another. God himself has commanded: "Thou shalt not kill," "thou shalt not steal," "thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods," etc. Will any one say these @@ -11691,8 +11691,8 @@ at Sinai. I admit the law to be that "no officer or soldier of the United States shall commit waste or destruction of cornfields, orchards, potato-patches, or any kind of pillage on the property of friend or foe near Memphis," and that I stand prepared to execute -the law as far as possible.<br > -<br > +the law as far as possible.<br> +<br> No officer or soldier should enter the house or premises of any peaceable citizen, no matter what his politics, unless on business; and no such officer or soldier can force an entrance unless he have @@ -11721,8 +11721,8 @@ wrong, and punishment can only be inflicted on the wrong-doer. I know the difficulty of identifying particular soldiers, but difficulties do not alter the importance of principles of justice. They should stimulate the parties to increase their efforts to find -out the actual perpetrators of the crime.<br > -<br > +out the actual perpetrators of the crime.<br> +<br> Colonels of regiments and commanders of corps are liable to severe punishment for permitting their men to leave their camps to commit waste or destruction; but I know full well that many of the acts @@ -11733,8 +11733,8 @@ mischief. While every officer would willingly follow up an accusation against any one or more of his men whose names or description were given immediately after the discovery of the act, he would naturally resent any general charge against his good men, -for the criminal conduct of a few bad ones.<br > -<br > +for the criminal conduct of a few bad ones.<br> +<br> I have examined into many of the cases of complaint made in this general way, and have felt mortified that our soldiers should do acts which are nothing more or less than stealing, but I was @@ -11743,8 +11743,8 @@ know that the great mass of our soldiers would scorn to steal or commit crime, and I will not therefore entertain vague and general complaints, but stand, prepared always to follow up any reasonable complaint when the charge is definite and the names of witnesses -furnished.<br > -<br > +furnished.<br> +<br> I know, moreover, in some instances when our soldiers are complained of, that they have been insulted by sneering remarks about "Yankees," "Northern barbarians," "Lincoln's hirelings," etc. @@ -11761,8 +11761,8 @@ country, come from what quarter it may. I mention this phase because it is too common. Insult to a soldier does not justify pillage, but it takes from the officer the disposition he would otherwise feel to follow up the inquiry and punish the -wrong-doers.<br > -<br > +wrong-doers.<br> +<br> Again, armies in motion or stationary must commit some waste. Flankers must let down fences and cross fields; and, when an attack is contemplated or apprehended, a command will naturally clear the @@ -11772,22 +11772,22 @@ So in fortifying a place, dwelling-houses must be taken, materials used, even wasted, and great damage done, which in the end may prove useless. This, too, is an expense not chargeable to us, but to those who made the war; and generally war is destruction and -nothing else.<br > -<br > +nothing else.<br> +<br> We must bear this in mind, that however peaceful things look, we are really at war; and much that looks like waste or destruction is only the removal of objects that obstruct our fire, or would afford -cover to an enemy.<br > -<br > +cover to an enemy.<br> +<br> This class of waste must be distinguished from the wanton waste committed by army-stragglers, which is wrong, and can be punished -by the death-penalty if proper testimony can be produced.<br > -<br > -Yours, etc.,<br > -<br > +by the death-penalty if proper testimony can be produced.<br> +<br> +Yours, etc.,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Satisfied that, in the progress of the war, Memphis would become an important depot, I pushed forward the construction of Fort Pickering, kept most of the troops in camps back of the city, and @@ -11798,52 +11798,52 @@ the fort.</p> <p>All this time battalion and brigade drills were enforced, so that, when the season approached for active operations farther south, I had my division in the best possible order, and about the -1st of November it was composed as follows:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +1st of November it was composed as follows:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> First Brigade, Brigadier-General M. L. SMITH—Eighth Missouri, Colonel G. A. Smith; Sixth Missouri, Colonel Peter E. Bland; One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois, Colonel George B. Hoge; Fifty-fourth Ohio, Colonel T. Kilby Smith; One Hundred and -Twentieth Illinois, Colonel G. W. McKeaig.<br > -<br > +Twentieth Illinois, Colonel G. W. McKeaig.<br> +<br> Second Brigade, Colonel JOHN ADAIR McDOWELL.—Sixth Iowa, Lieutenant-Colonel John M. Corse; Fortieth Illinois, Colonel J. W. Booth; Forty-sixth Ohio, Colonel O. C. Walcutt; Thirteenth United -States Infantry, First Battalion, Major D. Chase.<br > -<br > +States Infantry, First Battalion, Major D. Chase.<br> +<br> Third Brigade, Brigadier-General J. W. DENVER.—Forty-eighth Ohio, Colonel P. J. Sullivan; Fifty-third Ohio, Colonel W. S. -Jones; Seventieth Ohio, Colonel J. R. Cockerill.<br > -<br > +Jones; Seventieth Ohio, Colonel J. R. Cockerill.<br> +<br> Fourth Brigade, Colonel DAVID STUART.—Fifty-fifth Illinois, Colonel O. Malmburg; Fifty-seventh Ohio, Colonel W. Mungen; Eighty-third Indiana, Colonel B. Spooner; One Hundred and Sixteenth Illinois, Colonel Tupper; One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Illinois, -Lieutenant-Colonel Eldridge.<br > -<br > +Lieutenant-Colonel Eldridge.<br> +<br> Fifth Brigade, Colonel R. P. BUCKLAND.—Seventy-second Ohio, Lieutenant-Colonel D. W. C. Loudon; Thirty-second Wisconsin, Colonel J. W. Howe; Ninety-third Indiana, Colonel Thomas; -Ninety-third Illinois, Major J. M. Fisher.<br > -<br > +Ninety-third Illinois, Major J. M. Fisher.<br> +<br> Subsequently, Brigadier-General J. G. Lauman arrived at Memphis, and I made up a sixth brigade, and organized these six brigades into three divisions, under Brigadier-Generals M. L. Smith, J. W. Denver, and J. G. Lauman.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>About the 17th of November I received an order from General -Grant, dated:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -LAGRANGE, November 16, 1862.<br > +Grant, dated:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +LAGRANGE, November 16, 1862.<br> Meet me at Columbus, Kentucky, on Thursday next. If you have a good -map of the country south of you, take it up with you.<br > +map of the country south of you, take it up with you.<br> U. S. GRANT, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I started forthwith by boat, and met General Grant, who had reached Columbus by the railroad from Jackson, Tennessee. He explained to me that he proposed to move against Pemberton, then @@ -11896,30 +11896,30 @@ all the forts which he had built at great cost in labor. We had to build a bridge at Wyatt, which consumed a couple of days, and on the 5th of December my whole command was at College Hill, ten miles from Oxford, whence I reported to General Grant in Oxford.</p> -<p>On the 8th I received the following letter:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -OXFORD MISSISSIPPI, December 8, 1862—Morning<br > -<br > -General SHERMAN, College Hill.<br > -<br > +<p>On the 8th I received the following letter:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +OXFORD MISSISSIPPI, December 8, 1862—Morning<br> +<br> +General SHERMAN, College Hill.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: The following is a copy of dispatch just received -from Washington:<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, December 7, 1862—12M<br > -<br > -General GRANT:<br > -<br > +from Washington:<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, December 7, 1862—12M<br> +<br> +General GRANT:<br> +<br> The capture of Grenada may change our plans in regard to Vicksburg. You will move your troops as you may deem best to accomplish the great object in view. You will retain, till further orders, all troops of General Curtis now in your department. Telegraph to General Allen in St. Louis for all steamboats you may require. Ask -Porter to cooperate. Telegraph what are your present plans.<br > -<br > -H. W. HALLECK, General-in.-Chief.<br > -<br > +Porter to cooperate. Telegraph what are your present plans.<br> +<br> +H. W. HALLECK, General-in.-Chief.<br> +<br> I wish you would come over this evening and stay to-night, or come in the morning. I would like to talk with you about this matter. My notion is to send two divisions back to Memphis, and fix upon a day @@ -11929,13 +11929,13 @@ move our present force to Grenada, including Steele's, repairing road as we proceed, and establish a depot of provisions there. When a good ready is had, to move immediately on Jackson, Mississippi, cutting loose from the road. Of the two plans I look most favorably -on the former.<br > -<br > -Come over and we will talk this matter over. Yours truly,<br > -<br > +on the former.<br> +<br> +Come over and we will talk this matter over. Yours truly,<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I repaired at once to Oxford, and found General Grant in a large house with all his staff, and we discussed every possible chance. He explained to me that large reenforcements had been promised, @@ -11955,14 +11955,14 @@ time that General Butler had been reenforced by General Banks at New Orleans, and the latter was supposed to be working his way up-stream from New Orleans, while we were working down. That day General Grant dispatched to General Halleck, in Washington, as -follows:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -OXFORD, December 8, 1862.<br > -<br > -Major-General H. W. HALLECK, Washington, D. C.:<br > -<br > +follows:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +OXFORD, December 8, 1862.<br> +<br> +Major-General H. W. HALLECK, Washington, D. C.:<br> +<br> General Sherman will command the expedition down the Mississippi. He will have a force of about forty thousand men; will land above Vicksburg (up the Yazoo, if practicable), and out the Mississippi @@ -11973,79 +11973,79 @@ at my command, I will be able to have them show themselves at different points on the Tallahatchie and Yalabusha; and, when an opportunity occurs, make a real attack. After cutting the two roads, General Sherman's movements to secure the end desired will -necessarily be left to his judgment.<br > -<br > -I will occupy this road to Coffeeville.<br > -<br > +necessarily be left to his judgment.<br> +<br> +I will occupy this road to Coffeeville.<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I was shown this dispatch before it was sent, and afterward the general drew up for me the following letter of instructions in his -own handwriting, which I now possess:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +own handwriting, which I now possess:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS THIRTEENTH ARMY CORPS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE, -OXFORD, Mississippi, December 8, 1862.<br > -<br > +OXFORD, Mississippi, December 8, 1862.<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Right Wing Army In the -Field, present.<br > -<br > +Field, present.<br> +<br> GENERAL: You will proceed with as little delay as practicable to Memphis, Tennessee, taking with you one division of your present command. On your arrival at Memphis you will assume command of all the troops there, and that portion of General Curtis's forces at present east of the Mississippi River, and organize them into -brigades and divisions in your own way.<br > -<br > +brigades and divisions in your own way.<br> +<br> As soon as possible move with them down the river to the vicinity of Vicksburg, and, with the cooperation of the gunboat fleet under command of Flag-Officer Porter, proceed to the reduction of that place in such manner as circumstances and your own judgment may -dictate.<br > -<br > +dictate.<br> +<br> The amount of rations, forage, land transportation, etc., necessary -to take, will be left entirely to yourself.<br > -<br > +to take, will be left entirely to yourself.<br> +<br> The quartermaster in St. Louis will be instructed to send you transportation for thirty thousand men. Should you still find yourself deficient, your quartermaster will be authorized to make up the deficiency from such transports as may come into the port of -Memphis.<br > -<br > +Memphis.<br> +<br> On arriving in Memphis put yourself in communication with Admiral -Porter, and arrange with him for his cooperation.<br > -<br > +Porter, and arrange with him for his cooperation.<br> +<br> Inform me at the earliest practicable day of the time when you will embark, and such plans as may then be matured. I will hold the forces here in readiness to cooperate with you in such manner as -the movements of the enemy may make necessary.<br > -<br > +the movements of the enemy may make necessary.<br> +<br> Leave the District of Memphis in the command of an efficient officer and with a garrison of four regiments of infantry, the -siege-guns, and what ever cavalry force may be there.<br > -<br > +siege-guns, and what ever cavalry force may be there.<br> +<br> One regiment of infantry and at least a section of artillery will also be left at Friar's Point or Delta, to protect the stores of -the cavalry post that will be left there. Yours truly,<br > -<br > +the cavalry post that will be left there. Yours truly,<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I also insert here another letter, dated the 14th instant, sent afterward to me at Memphis, which completes all instructions received by me governing the first movement against -Vicksburg:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br > -OXFORD, MISSISSIPPI, December 14, 1862<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN, commanding, etc.,<br > -Memphis, Tennessee.<br > -<br > +Vicksburg:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br> +OXFORD, MISSISSIPPI, December 14, 1862<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN, commanding, etc.,<br> +Memphis, Tennessee.<br> +<br> I have not had one word from Grierson since he left, and am getting uneasy about him. I hope General Gorman will give you no difficulty about retaining the troops on this side the river, and Steele to @@ -12060,11 +12060,11 @@ headquarters will probably be in Coffeeville one week hence.... In the mean time I will order transportation, etc.... It would be well if you could have two or three small boats suitable for navigating the Yazoo. It may become necessary for me to look to that base for -supplies before we get through....<br > -<br > +supplies before we get through....<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>When we rode to Oxford from College Hill, there happened a little circumstance which seems worthy of record. While General Van Dorn had his headquarters in Holly Springs, viz., in October, 1862, @@ -12127,13 +12127,13 @@ of Vicksburg and its well-known strong batteries and defenses. On the 19th the Memphis troops were embarked, and steamed down to Helena, where on the 21st General Steele's division was also embarked; and on the 22d we were all rendezvoused at Friar's Point, -in the following order, viz.:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +in the following order, viz.:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> Steamer Forest Queen, general headquarters, and battalion -Thirteenth United States Infantry.<br > -<br > +Thirteenth United States Infantry.<br> +<br> First Division, Brigadier-General A. J. SMITH.—Steamers Des Arc, division headquarters and escort; Metropolitan, Sixth Indiana; J. H. Dickey, Twenty-third Wisconsin; J. C. Snow, Sixteenth @@ -12143,8 +12143,8 @@ Ninety-seventh Indiana; Duke of Argyle, Seventy-seventh Illinois; City of Alton, One Hundred and Eighth and Forty-eighth Ohio; City of Louisiana, Mercantile Battery; Ohio Belle, Seventeenth Ohio Battery; Citizen, Eighty-third Ohio; Champion, commissary-boat; -General Anderson, Ordnance.<br > -<br > +General Anderson, Ordnance.<br> +<br> Second Division,, Brigadier-General M. L. SMITH.—Steamers Chancellor, headquarters, and Thielman's cavalry; Planet, One Hundred and Sixteenth Illinois; City of Memphis, Batteries A and B @@ -12154,8 +12154,8 @@ Eagle, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Illinois; Ed. Walsh, One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois; Westmoreland, Fifty-fifth Illinois, headquarters Fourth Brigade; Sunny South, Fifty-fourth Ohio; Universe, Sixth Missouri; Robert Allen, -commissary-boat.<br > -<br > +commissary-boat.<br> +<br> Third Division, Brigadier-General G. W. MORGAN.—Steamers Empress, division headquarters; Key West, One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois; Sam Gaty, Sixty-ninth Indiana; Northerner, One @@ -12167,8 +12167,8 @@ and eight companies Sixteenth Ohio; Fanny Bullitt, One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio, and Lamphere's battery; Crescent City, Twenty-second Kentucky and Fifty-fourth Indiana; Des Moines, Forty-second Ohio; Pembina, Lamphere's and Stone's batteries; Lady -Jackson, commissary-boat.<br > -<br > +Jackson, commissary-boat.<br> +<br> Fourth Division, Brigadier-General FREDERICK STEELE—Steamers Continental, headquarters, escort and battery; John J. Roe, Fourth and Ninth Iowa; Nebraska, Thirty-first Iowa; Key West, First Iowa @@ -12180,19 +12180,19 @@ stores and horses; Sucker State, Thirty-second Missouri; Dakota, Third Missouri; Tutt, Twelfth Missouri Emma, Seventeenth Missouri; Adriatic, First Missouri; Meteor, Seventy-sixth Ohio; Polar Star, Fifty-eighth Ohio.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>At the same time were communicated the following -instructions:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +instructions:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS RIGHT WING, THIRTEENTH ARMY Corps FOREST QUEEN, -December 23, 1882.<br > -<br > +December 23, 1882.<br> +<br> To Commanders of Divisions, Generals F. STEELE, GEORGE W. MORGAN, -A.J. SMITH, and M. L. SMITH<br > -<br > +A.J. SMITH, and M. L. SMITH<br> +<br> With this I hand to each of you a copy of a map, compiled from the best sources, and which in the main is correct. It is the same used by Admiral Porter and myself. Complete military success can only be @@ -12216,8 +12216,8 @@ quarter an expedition, by water and land, is coming northward. General Grant, with the Thirteenth Army Corps, of which we compose the right wing, is moving southward. The naval squadron (Admiral Porter) is operating with his gunboat fleet by water, each in -perfect harmony with the other.<br > -<br > +perfect harmony with the other.<br> +<br> General Grant's left and centre were at last accounts approaching the Yalabusha, near Grenada, and the railroad to his rear, by which he drew his supplies, was reported to be seriously damaged. This @@ -12240,8 +12240,8 @@ secured the Yazoo up for twenty-three miles, to a fort on the Yazoo at Haines's Bluff, giving us a choice for a landing-place at some point up the Yazoo below this fort, or on the island which lies between Vicksburg and the present mouth of the Yazoo. (See map [b, -c, d], Johnson's plantation.)<br > -<br > +c, d], Johnson's plantation.)<br> +<br> But, before any actual collision with the enemy, I purpose, after our whole land force is rendezvoused at Gaines's Landing, Arkansas, to proceed in order to Milliken's Bend (a), and there dispatch a @@ -12262,8 +12262,8 @@ accomplishing all these results will be communicated in due season, and these general points are only made known at this time, that commanders may study the maps, and also that in the event of non-receipt of orders all may act in perfect concert by following -the general movement, unless specially detached.<br > -<br > +the general movement, unless specially detached.<br> +<br> You all now have the same map, so that no mistakes or confusion need result from different names of localities. All possible preparations as to wagons, provisions, axes, and intrenching-tools, @@ -12271,22 +12271,22 @@ should be made in advance, so that when we do land there will be no want of them. When we begin to act on shore, we must do the work quickly and effectually. The gunboats under Admiral Porter will do their full share, and I feel every assurance that the army will not -fall short in its work.<br > -<br > +fall short in its work.<br> +<br> Division commanders may read this to regimental commanders, and furnish brigade commanders a copy. They should also cause as many copies of the map to be made on the same scale as possible, being -very careful in copying the names.<br > -<br > +very careful in copying the names.<br> +<br> The points marked e and g (Allan's and Mount Albans) are evidently strategical points that will figure in our future operations, and -these positions should be well studied.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +these positions should be well studied.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The Mississippi boats were admirably calculated for handling troops, horses, guns, stores, etc., easy of embarkation and disembarkation, and supplies of all kinds were abundant, except @@ -12625,7 +12625,7 @@ movements.</p> <p>There was a general understanding with Admiral Porter that he was to attack the fort with his three ironclad gunboats directly by its water-front, while we assaulted by land in the rear. About 10 -a.m. I got a message from General McClernand, telling me where he +A.M. I got a message from General McClernand, telling me where he could be found, and asking me what we were waiting for. I answered that we were then in close contact with the enemy, viz., about five or six hundred yards off; that the next movement must be a direct @@ -12784,31 +12784,31 @@ knew the losses in the gunboat fleet, or in Morgan's corps; but they must have been less than in mine, which was more exposed. The number of rebel dead must have been nearly one hundred and fifty; of prisoners, by actual count, we secured four thousand seven -hundred and ninety-one, and sent them north to St. Louis.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +hundred and ninety-one, and sent them north to St. Louis.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch13"></a>CHAPTER XIII.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>VICKSBURG.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>JANUARY TO JULY, 1888.</p> </div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Steele_Bayou"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Steele Bayou.jpg (160K)" src="images/SteeleBayou.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Steele Bayou.jpg (160K)" src="images/SteeleBayou.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/SteeleBayou.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt= -"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>The campaign of 1863, resulting, in the capture of Vicksburg, was so important, that its history has been well studied and well described in all the books treating of the civil war, more @@ -12871,89 +12871,89 @@ the first division, and General D. Smart the second; this latter division had been reenforced by General Hugh Ewing's brigade, which had arrived from West Virginia.</p> <p>At the time of its date I received the following note from -General Grant:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -MILLIKEN'S BEND, March 16, 1863<br > -<br > -General SHERMAN.<br > -<br > +General Grant:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +MILLIKEN'S BEND, March 16, 1863<br> +<br> +General SHERMAN.<br> +<br> DEAR SIR: I have just returned from a reconnoissance up Steele's Bayou, with the admiral (Porter), and five of his gunboats. With some labor in cutting tree-tops out of the way, it will be -navigable for any class of steamers.<br > -<br > +navigable for any class of steamers.<br> +<br> I want you to have your pioneer corps, or one regiment of good men for such work, detailed, and at the landing as soon as -possible.<br > -<br > +possible.<br> +<br> The party will want to take with them their rations, arms, and sufficient camp and garrison equipage for a few days. I will have a boat at any place you may designate, as early as the men can be there. The Eighth Missouri (being many of them boatmen) would be -excellent men for this purpose.<br > -<br > +excellent men for this purpose.<br> +<br> As soon as you give directions for these men to be in readiness, come up and see me, and I will explain fully. The tug that takes this is instructed to wait for you. A full supply of axes will be -required.<br > -<br > -Very respectfully,<br > -<br > +required.<br> +<br> +Very respectfully,<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>This letter was instantly (8 a.m.) sent to Colonel Giles A. +<br> +<br> +<p>This letter was instantly (8 A.M.) sent to Colonel Giles A. Smith, commanding the Eighth Missouri, with orders to prepare immediately. He returned it at 9.15, with an answer that the regiment was all ready. I went up to Milliken's Bend in the tug, and had a conference with the general, resulting in these -orders:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +orders:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE BEFORE VICKSBURG, March -16, 1863<br > -<br > -Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Fifteenth Army Corps.<br > -<br > +16, 1863<br> +<br> +Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Fifteenth Army Corps.<br> +<br> GENERAL: You will proceed as early as practicable up Steele's Bayou, and through Black Bayou to Deer Creek, and thence with the gunboats now there by any route they may take to get into the Yazoo River, for the purpose of determining the feasibility of getting an army through that route to the east bank of that river, and at a point from which they can act advantageously against -Vicksburg.<br > -<br > +Vicksburg.<br> +<br> Make such details from your army corps as may be required to clear out the channel of the various bayous through which transports would have to ran, and to hold such points as in your judgment -should be occupied.<br > -<br > +should be occupied.<br> +<br> I place at your disposal to-day the steamers Diligent and Silver Wave, the only two suitable for the present navigation of this route. Others will be supplied you as fast as required, and they -can be got.<br > -<br > +can be got.<br> +<br> I have given directions (and you may repeat them) that the party going on board the steamer Diligent push on until they reach Black Bayou, only stopping sufficiently long at any point before reaching there to remove such obstructions as prevent their own progress. Captain Kossak, of the Engineers, will go with this party. The other boat-load will commence their work in Steele's Bayou, and -make the navigation as free as possible all the way through.<br > -<br > +make the navigation as free as possible all the way through.<br> +<br> There is but little work to be done in Steele's Bayou, except for about five miles abort midway of the bayou. In this portion many overhanging trees will have to be removed, and should be dragged -out of the channel.<br > -<br > -Very respectfully,<br > -<br > +out of the channel.<br> +<br> +Very respectfully,<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On returning to my camp at Young's Point, I started these two boats up the Yazoo and Steele's Bayou, with the Eighth Missouri and some pioneers, with axes, saws, and all the tools necessary. I gave @@ -13096,16 +13096,16 @@ down, and regained our camps on the 27th. As this expedition up Deer Creek was but one of many efforts to secure a footing from which to operate against Vicksburg, I add the report of Brigadier-General Giles A. Smith, who was the first to reach the -fleet:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION<br > -FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, YOUNGS POINT, LOUISIANA,<br > -March 28, 1863<br > -<br > -Captain L. M. DAYTON, Assistant Adjutant-General.<br > -<br > +fleet:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION<br> +FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS, YOUNGS POINT, LOUISIANA,<br> +March 28, 1863<br> +<br> +Captain L. M. DAYTON, Assistant Adjutant-General.<br> +<br> CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the movements of the First Brigade in the expedition up Steele's Bayou, Black Bayou, and Deer Creek. The Sixth Missouri and One Hundred and Sixteenth Illinois @@ -13131,14 +13131,14 @@ force at hand (eight hundred men), while he remained, again entirely unprotected, to hurry up the troops expected to arrive that night, consisting of the Thirteenth Infantry and One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois Volunteers, completing my brigade, and the -Second Brigade, Colonel T. Kilby Smith commanding.<br > -<br > +Second Brigade, Colonel T. Kilby Smith commanding.<br> +<br> This, as the sequel showed; proved a very wise measure, and resulted in the safety of the whole fleet. At daybreak we were in motion, with a regular guide. We had proceeded but about six miles, when we found the enemy had been very busy felling trees to -obstruct the creek.<br > -<br > +obstruct the creek.<br> +<br> All the negroes along the route had been notified to be ready at night fall to continue the work. To prevent this as much as possible, I ordered all able-bodied negroes to be taken along, and @@ -13156,8 +13156,8 @@ abundant supply of artillery, but wisely keeping their main force out of range of the admiral's guns. Every tree and stump covered a sharp-shooter, ready to pick off any luckless marine who showed his head above-decks, and entirely preventing the working-parties from -removing obstructions.<br > -<br > +removing obstructions.<br> +<br> In pursuance of orders from General Sherman, I reported to Admiral Porter for orders, who turned over to me all the land-forces in his fleet (about one hundred and fifty men), together with two @@ -13194,26 +13194,26 @@ Second Brigade. The enemy, not expecting an attack from that quarter, after some hot skirmishing, retreated. General Sherman immediately ordered the Thirteenth Infantry and One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois to pursue; but, after following their trace for -about two miles, they were recalled.<br > -<br > +about two miles, they were recalled.<br> +<br> We continued our march for about two miles, when we bivouacked for the night. Early on Monday morning (March 22d) we continued our march, but owing to the slow progress of the gunboats did not reach Hill's plantation until Tuesday, the 23d instant, where we remained until the 25th; we then reembarked, and arrived at Young's Point on -Friday, the 27th instant.<br > -<br > -Below you will find a list of casualties. Very respectfully,<br > -<br > +Friday, the 27th instant.<br> +<br> +Below you will find a list of casualties. Very respectfully,<br> +<br> Giles A. SMITH, Colonel Eighth Missouri, commanding First -Brigade.<br > -<br > +Brigade.<br> +<br> P. S.-I forgot to state above that the Thirteenth Infantry and One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois being under the immediate command of General Sherman, he can mention them as their conduct deserves.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 3d of April, a division of troops, commanded by Brigadier-General J. M. Tuttle, was assigned to my corps, and was designated the Third Division; and, on the 4th of April, @@ -13230,30 +13230,30 @@ mortified that the service should thus be deprived of so excellent and gallant an officer. He afterward settled in New Orleans as a lawyer, and died about 1867 or 1868.</p> <p>On the 6th of April, my command, the Fifteenth Corps, was -composed of three divisions:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +composed of three divisions:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> The First Division, commanded by Major-General Fred Steele; and his three brigades by Colonel Manter, Colonel Charles R. Wood, and -Brigadier-General John M. Thayer.<br > -<br > +Brigadier-General John M. Thayer.<br> +<br> The Second Division, commanded by Major-General Frank P. Blair; and his three brigades by Colonel Giles A. Smith, Colonel Thomas Gilby -Smith, and Brigadier-General Hugh Ewing.<br > -<br > +Smith, and Brigadier-General Hugh Ewing.<br> +<br> The Third Division, commanded by Brigadier-General J. M. Tuttle; and his three brigades by Brigadier-General R. P. Buckland, Colonel -J. A. Mower, and Brigadier-General John E. Smith.<br > -<br > +J. A. Mower, and Brigadier-General John E. Smith.<br> +<br> My own staff then embraced: Dayton, McCoy, and Hill, aides; J. H. Hammond, assistant adjutant-general; Sanger, inspector-general; McFeeley, commissary; J. Condit Smith, quartermaster; Charles McMillan, medical director; Ezra Taylor, chief of artillery; Jno. C. Neely, ordnance-officer; Jenney and Pitzman, engineers.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>By this time it had become thoroughly demonstrated that we could not divert the main river Mississippi, or get practicable access to the east bank of the Yazoo, in the rear of Vicksburg, by any of the @@ -13294,51 +13294,51 @@ personal friends) slacken in our loyalty to him. One night, after such a discussion, and believing that General McClernand had no real plan of action shaped in his mind, I wrote my letter of April 8, 1863, to Colonel Rawlins, which letter is embraced in full at -page 616 of Badeau's book, and which I now reproduce here:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS,<br > -CAMP NEAR VICKSBURG, April 8,1868.<br > -<br > +page 616 of Badeau's book, and which I now reproduce here:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS,<br> +CAMP NEAR VICKSBURG, April 8,1868.<br> +<br> Colonel J. A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General to General -GRANT.<br > -<br > +GRANT.<br> +<br> SIR: I would most respectfully suggest (for reasons which I will not name) that General Grant call on his corps commanders for their opinions, concise and positive, on the best general plan of a campaign. Unless this be done, there are men who will, in any result falling below the popular standard, claim that their advice was unheeded, and that fatal consequence resulted therefrom. My own -opinions are:<br > -<br > +opinions are:<br> +<br> First. That the Army of the Tennessee is now far in advance of the -other grand armies of the United States.<br > -<br > +other grand armies of the United States.<br> +<br> Second. That a corps from Missouri should forthwith be moved from St. Louis to the vicinity of Little Rock, Arkansas; supplies collected there while the river is full, and land communication with Memphis opened via Des Arc on the White, and Madison on the -St. Francis River.<br > -<br > +St. Francis River.<br> +<br> Third. That as much of the Yazoo Pass, Coldwater, and Tallahatchie Rivers, as can be gained and fortified, be held, and the main army be transported thither by land and water; that the road back to Memphis be secured and reopened, and, as soon as the waters subside, Grenada be attacked, and the swamp-road across to Helena -be patrolled by cavalry.<br > -<br > +be patrolled by cavalry.<br> +<br> Fourth. That the line of the Yalabusha be the base from which to operate against the points where the Mississippi Central crosses Big Black, above Canton; and, lastly, where the Vicksburg & Jackson Railroad crosses the same river (Big Black). The capture of -Vicksburg would result.<br > -<br > +Vicksburg would result.<br> +<br> Fifth. That a minor force be left in this vicinity, not to exceed ten thousand men, with only enough steamboats to float and transport them to any desired point; this force to be held always near enough to act with the gunboats when the main army is known to -be near Vicksburg—Haines's Bluff or Yazoo City.<br > -<br > +be near Vicksburg—Haines's Bluff or Yazoo City.<br> +<br> Sixth. I do doubt the capacity of Willow Bayou (which I estimate to be fifty miles long and very tortuous) as a military channel, to supply an army large enough to operate against Jackson, @@ -13346,16 +13346,16 @@ Mississippi, or the Black River Bridge; and such a channel will be very vulnerable to a force coming from the west, which we must expect. Yet this canal will be most useful as the way to convey coals and supplies to a fleet that should navigate the lower reach -of the Mississippi between Vicksburg and the Red River.<br > -<br > +of the Mississippi between Vicksburg and the Red River.<br> +<br> Seventh. The chief reason for operating solely by water was the season of the year and high water in the Tallahatchie and Yalabusha Rivers. The spring is now here, and soon these streams will be no serious obstacle, save in the ambuscades of the forest, and whatever works the enemy may have erected at or near Grenada. North Mississippi is too valuable for us to allow the enemy to hold it -and make crops this year.<br > -<br > +and make crops this year.<br> +<br> I make these suggestions, with the request that General Grant will read them and give them, as I know he will, a share of his thoughts. I would prefer that he should not answer this letter, but @@ -13363,20 +13363,20 @@ merely give it as much or as little weight as it deserves. Whatever plan of action he may adopt will receive from me the same zealous cooperation and energetic support as though conceived by myself. I do not believe General Banks will make any serious attack on Port -Hudson this spring. I am, etc.,<br > -<br > +Hudson this spring. I am, etc.,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Vicksburg"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Vicksburg.jpg (158K)" src="images/Vicksburg.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Vicksburg.jpg (158K)" src="images/Vicksburg.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Vicksburg.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt="Full Size" -src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>This is the letter which some critics have styled a "protest." We never had a council of war at any time during the Vicksburg campaign. We often met casually, regardless of rank or power, and @@ -13625,7 +13625,7 @@ the whole scene was lit up with fires of pitch-pine. General Grant joined me there, and we sat on a log, looking at the passage of the troops by the light of those fires; the bridge swayed to and fro under the passing feet, and made a fine war-picture. At daybreak we -moved on, ascending the ridge, and by 10 a.m. the head of my +moved on, ascending the ridge, and by 10 A.M. the head of my column, long drawn out, reached the Benton road, and gave us command of the peninsula between the Yazoo and Big Black. I dispatched Colonel Swan, of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry, to Haines's @@ -13657,14 +13657,14 @@ and well manned; and, on General Steele's head of column arriving, I turned it still more to the right, with orders to work its way down the bluff, so as to make connection with our fleet in the Mississippi River. There was a good deal of desultory fighting that -evening, and a man was killed by the aide of General Grant and +evening, and a man was killed by the side of General Grant and myself, as we sat by the road-side looking at Steele's division passing to the right. General Steele's men reached the road which led from Vicksburg up to Haines's Bluff, which road lay at the foot of the hills, and intercepted some prisoners and wagons which were coming down from Haines's Bluff.</p> <p>All that night McPherson's troops were arriving by the main -Jackson road, and McClernand'a by another near the railroad, +Jackson road, and McClernand's by another near the railroad, deploying forward as fast as they struck the rebel works. My corps (the Fifteenth) had the right of the line of investment; McPherson's (the Seventeenth) the centre; and McClernand's (the @@ -13693,7 +13693,7 @@ three principal roads entered the city.</p> <p>It was not a council of war, but a mere consultation, resulting in orders from General Grant for us to make all possible preparations for a renewed assault on the 22d, simultaneously, at -10 a.m. I reconnoitred my front thoroughly in person, from right to +10 A.M. I reconnoitred my front thoroughly in person, from right to left, and concluded to make my real attack at the right flank of the bastion, where the graveyard road entered the enemy's intrenchments, and at another point in the curtain about a hundred @@ -13702,7 +13702,7 @@ by Steele's division, about a mile to our right, toward the river. All our field batteries were put in position, and were covered by good epaulements; the troops were brought forward, in easy support, concealed by the shape of the ground; and to the minute, viz., 10 -a.m. of May 22d, the troops sprang to the assault. A small party, +A.M. of May 22d, the troops sprang to the assault. A small party, that might be called a forlorn hope, provided with plank to cross the ditch, advanced at a run, up to the very ditch; the lines of infantry sprang from cover, and advanced rapidly in line of battle. @@ -13795,7 +13795,7 @@ the rear; but, as the rumors of Johnston's accumulating force reached us, General Grant concluded to take stronger measures. He had received from the North General J. G. Parker's corps (Ninth), which had been posted at Haines's Bluff; then, detailing one -division from each of the three corps d'armee investing Vicksburg, +division from each of the three corps d'armée investing Vicksburg, he ordered me to go out, take a general command of all, and to counteract any movement on the part of General Johnston to relieve Vicksburg. I reconnoitred the whole country, from Haines's Bluff to @@ -13804,7 +13804,7 @@ the railroad bridge, and posted the troops thus:</p> ridge road; Tuttle's division, of my corps, joining on and extending to a plantation called Young's, overlooking Bear Creek valley, which empties into the Big Black above Messinger's Ferry; -then McArthurs division, of McPherson's corps, took up the line, +then McArthur's division, of McPherson's corps, took up the line, and reached to Osterhaus's division of McClernand's corps, which held a strong fortified position at the railroad-crossing of the Big Black River. I was of opinion that, if Johnston should cross @@ -13852,7 +13852,7 @@ road-side near Trible's, I saw a poor, miserable horse, carrying a lady, and led by a little negro boy, coming across a cotton-field toward me; as they approached I recognized poor Mrs. Wilkinson, and helped her to dismount. I inquired what had brought her to me in -that style, and she answered that she knew Vicksburg, was going to +that style, and she answered that she knew Vicksburg was going to surrender, and she wanted to go right away to see her boy. I had a telegraph-wire to General Grant's headquarters, and had heard that there were symptoms of surrender, but as yet nothing definite. I @@ -13888,7 +13888,7 @@ former visit in May. We closed our lines about Jackson; my corps Raymond road; Ord's (Thirteenth) on the right, reaching Pearl River below the town; and Parker's (Ninth) the left, above the town.</p> <p>On the 11th we pressed close in, and shelled the town from every -direction. One of Ords brigades (Lauman's) got too close, and was +direction. One of Ord's brigades (Lauman's) got too close, and was very roughly handled and driven back in disorder. General Ord accused the commander (General Lauman) of having disregarded his orders, and attributed to him personally the disaster and heavy @@ -14057,16 +14057,16 @@ government, as fast as the armies gained partial possession of the States.</p> <p>In order to illustrate this peculiar phase of our civil war, I give at this place copies of certain letters which have not -heretofore been published:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Private.]<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, August 29, 1868.<br > -<br > -Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Vicksburg, Mississippi<br > -<br > +heretofore been published:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Private.]<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, August 29, 1868.<br> +<br> +Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Vicksburg, Mississippi<br> +<br> My DEAR GENERAL: The question of reconstruction in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas, will soon come up for decision of the Government, and not only the length of the war, but our ultimate @@ -14079,39 +14079,39 @@ been in these States, and know much more of their condition than gassy politicians in Congress. General Banks has written pretty fully, on the subject. I wrote to General Grant, immediately, after the fall of Vicksburg, for his views in regard to Mississippi, but -he has not yet answered.<br > -<br > +he has not yet answered.<br> +<br> I wish you would consult with Grant, McPherson, and others of cool, good judgment, and write me your views fully, as I may wish to use them with the President. You had better write me unofficially, and then your letter will not be put on file, and cannot hereafter be used against you. You have been in Washington enough to know how every thing a man writes or says is picked up by his enemies and -misconstrued. With kind wishes for your further success,<br > -<br > -I am yours truly,<br > -<br > -H. W. HALLECK<br > -<br > -<br > -[Private and Confidential.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS,<br > -CAMP ON BIG BLACK, MISSISSIPPI, September 17 1863<br > -H. W. HALLECK, Commander-in-Chief, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +misconstrued. With kind wishes for your further success,<br> +<br> +I am yours truly,<br> +<br> +H. W. HALLECK<br> +<br> +<br> +[Private and Confidential.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS, FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS,<br> +CAMP ON BIG BLACK, MISSISSIPPI, September 17 1863<br> +H. W. HALLECK, Commander-in-Chief, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: I have received your letter of August 29th, and with pleasure confide to you fully my thoughts on the important matters you suggest, with absolute confidence that you will use what is -valuable, and reject the useless or superfluous.<br > -<br > +valuable, and reject the useless or superfluous.<br> +<br> That part of the continent of North America known as Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas, is in my judgment the key to the whole interior. The valley of the Mississippi is America, and, although railroads have changed the economy of intercommunication, yet the water-channels still mark the lines of fertile land, and afford -cheap carriage to the heavy products of it.<br > -<br > +cheap carriage to the heavy products of it.<br> +<br> The inhabitants of the country on the Monongahela, the Illinois, the Minnesota, the Yellowstone, and Osage, are as directly concerned in the security of the Lower Mississippi as are those who @@ -14120,8 +14120,8 @@ recovered its possession, this generation of men will make a fearful mistake if they again commit its charge to a people liable to misuse their position, and assert, as was recently done, that, because they dwelt on the banks of this mighty stream, they had a -right to control its navigation.<br > -<br > +right to control its navigation.<br> +<br> I would deem it very unwise at this time, or for years to come, to revive the State governments of Louisiana, etc., or to institute in this quarter any civil government in which the local people have @@ -14131,15 +14131,15 @@ controlled; they asserted an absolute right to seize public moneys, forts, arms, and even to shut up the natural avenues of travel and commerce. They chose war—they ignored and denied all the obligations of the solemn contract of government and appealed to -force.<br > -<br > +force.<br> +<br> We accepted the issue, and now they begin to realize that war is a two-edged sword, and it may be that many of the inhabitants cry for peace. I know them well, and the very impulses of their nature; and to deal with the inhabitants of that part of the South which borders on the great river, we must recognize the classes into -which they have divided themselves:<br > -<br > +which they have divided themselves:<br> +<br> First. The large planters, owning lands, slaves, and all kinds of personal property. These are, on the whole, the ruling class. They are educated, wealthy, and easily approached. In some districts @@ -14174,8 +14174,8 @@ minds and habits to this new order of things. A civil government of the representative type would suit this class far less than a pure military role, readily adapting itself to actual occurrences, and able to enforce its laws and orders promptly and -emphatically.<br > -<br > +emphatically.<br> +<br> Second. The smaller farmers, mechanics, merchants, and laborers. This class will probably number three-quarters of the whole; have, in fact, no real interest in the establishment of a Southern @@ -14191,8 +14191,8 @@ believe they are real sovereigns; but in all things they will follow blindly the lead of the planters. The Southern politicians, who understand this class, use them as the French do their masses—seemingly consult their prejudices, while they make -their orders and enforce them. We should do the same.<br > -<br > +their orders and enforce them. We should do the same.<br> +<br> Third. The Union men of the South. I must confess I have little respect for this class. They allowed a clamorous set of demagogues to muzzle and drive them as a pack of curs. Afraid of shadows, they @@ -14205,8 +14205,8 @@ complaints at the smallest excesses of our soldiers. Their sons, horses, arms, and every thing useful, are in the army against us, and they stay at home, claiming all the exemptions of peaceful citizens. I account them as nothing in this great game of -war.<br > -<br > +war.<br> +<br> Fourth. The young bloods of the South: sons of planters, lawyers about towns, good billiard-players and sportsmen, men who never did work and never will. War suits them, and the rascals are brave, @@ -14234,12 +14234,12 @@ bother their brains as to who is to pay for them; the same may be said of the cornfields, which have, as they believe, been cultivated by a good-natured people for their special benefit. We propose to share with them the free use of these cornfields, -planted by willing hands, that will never gather the crops.<br > -<br > +planted by willing hands, that will never gather the crops.<br> +<br> Now that I have sketched the people who inhabit the district of country under consideration, I will proceed to discuss the -future.<br > -<br > +future.<br> +<br> A civil government now, for any part of it, would be simply ridiculous. The people would not regard it, and even the military commanders of the antagonistic parties would treat it lightly. @@ -14251,8 +14251,8 @@ instead of contributing to the end of the war, would actually defer it. Therefore, I contend that the interests of the United States, and of the real parties concerned, demand the continuance of the simple military role, till after all the organized armies of the -South are dispersed, conquered, and subjugated.<br > -<br > +South are dispersed, conquered, and subjugated.<br> +<br> The people of all this region are represented in the Army of Virginia, at Charleston, Mobile, and Chattanooga. They have sons and relations in each of the rebel armies, and naturally are @@ -14272,8 +14272,8 @@ to enjoy the protection of laws, they most not be passive observers of events, but must aid and sustain the constituted authorities in enforcing the laws; they must not only submit themselves, but should pay their share of taxes, and render personal services when -called on.<br > -<br > +called on.<br> +<br> It seems to me, in contemplating the history of the past two years, that all the people of our country, North, South, East, and West, have been undergoing a salutary political schooling, learning @@ -14288,8 +14288,8 @@ themselves now scout; and a real numerical majority actually believed that a little State was endowed with such sovereignty that it could defeat the policy of the great whole. I think the present war has exploded that notion, and were this war to cease now, the -experience gained, though dear, would be worth the expense.<br > -<br > +experience gained, though dear, would be worth the expense.<br> +<br> Another great and important natural truth is still in contest, and can only be solved by war. Numerical majorities by vote have been our great arbiter. Heretofore all men have cheerfully submitted to @@ -14306,8 +14306,8 @@ cannot whip them, they contend for the natural right to select their own government, and they have the argument. Our armies must prevail over theirs; our officers, marshals, and courts, must penetrate into the innermost recesses of their land, before we have -the natural right to demand their submission.<br > -<br > +the natural right to demand their submission.<br> +<br> I would banish all minor questions, assert the broad doctrine that as a nation the United States has the right, and also the physical power, to penetrate to every part of our national domain, and that @@ -14321,8 +14321,8 @@ are enemies, and that we will not account to them for our acts. If the people of the South oppose, they do so at their peril; and if they stand by, mere lookers-on in this domestic tragedy, they have no right to immunity, protection, or share in the final -results.<br > -<br > +results.<br> +<br> I even believe and contend further that, in the North, every member of the nation is bound by both natural and constitutional law to "maintain and defend the Government against all its enemies and @@ -14332,8 +14332,8 @@ labors of those who do. If any man, North or South, withholds his share of taxes, or his physical assistance in this, the crisis of our history, he should be deprived of all voice in the future elections of this country, and might be banished, or reduced to the -condition of a mere denizen of the land.<br > -<br > +condition of a mere denizen of the land.<br> +<br> War is upon us, none can deny it. It is not the choice of the Government of the United States, but of a faction; the Government was forced to accept the issue, or to submit to a degradation fatal @@ -14343,8 +14343,8 @@ it so, till all traces of the war are effaced; till those who appealed to it are sick and tired of it, and come to the emblem of our nation, and sue for peace. I would not coax them, or even meet them half-way, but make them so sick of war that generations would -pass away before they would again appeal to it.<br > -<br > +pass away before they would again appeal to it.<br> +<br> I know what I say when I repeat that the insurgents of the South sneer at all overtures looking to their interests. They scorn the alliance with the Copperheads; they tell me to my face that they @@ -14352,8 +14352,8 @@ respect Grant, McPherson, and our brave associates who fight manfully and well for a principle, but despise the Copperheads and sneaks at the North, who profess friendship for the South and opposition to the war, as mere covers for their knavery and -poltroonery.<br > -<br > +poltroonery.<br> +<br> God knows that I deplore this fratricidal war as much as any man living, but it is upon us, a physical fact; and there is only one honorable issue from it. We must fight it out, army against army, @@ -14368,8 +14368,8 @@ largest Democratic meeting the State of New York can possibly assemble at Albany; and a simple order of the War Department to draft enough men to fill our skeleton regiments would be more convincing as to our national perpetuity than an humble pardon to -Jeff. Davis and all his misled host.<br > -<br > +Jeff. Davis and all his misled host.<br> +<br> The only government needed or deserved by the States of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi, now exists in Grant's army. This needs, simply, enough privates to fill its ranks; all else will follow in @@ -14387,8 +14387,8 @@ crisis. Let them learn now, and learn it well, that good citizens must obey as well as command. Obedience to law, absolute—yea, even abject—is the lesson that this war, under Providence, will teach the free and enlightened American citizen. As a nation, -we shall be the better for it.<br > -<br > +we shall be the better for it.<br> +<br> I never have apprehended foreign interference in our family quarrel. Of coarse, governments founded on a different and it may be an antagonistic principle with ours naturally feel a pleasure at @@ -14405,8 +14405,8 @@ part of the North American Continent, all we can people and can take care of; and, if we can suppress rebellion in our own land, and compose the strife generated by it, we shall have enough people, resources, and wealth, if well combined, to defy -interference from any and every quarter.<br > -<br > +interference from any and every quarter.<br> +<br> I therefore hope the Government of the United States will continue, as heretofore, to collect, in well-organized armies, the physical strength of the nation; applying it, as heretofore, in asserting @@ -14417,53 +14417,53 @@ choice is left us except degradation. The South must be ruled by us, or she will rule us. We must conquer them, or ourselves be conquered. There is no middle course. They ask, and will have, nothing else, and talk of compromise is bosh; for we know they -would even scorn the offer.<br > -<br > +would even scorn the offer.<br> +<br> I wish the war could have been deferred for twenty years, till the superabundant population of the North could flow in and replace the losses sustained by war; but this could not be, and we are forced -to take things as they are.<br > -<br > +to take things as they are.<br> +<br> All therefore I can now venture to advise is to raise the draft to its maximum, fill the present regiments to as large a standard as possible, and push the war, pure and simple. Great attention should be paid to the discipline of our armies, for on them may be founded -the future stability of the Government.<br > -<br > +the future stability of the Government.<br> +<br> The cost of the war is, of course, to be considered, but finances will adjust themselves to the actual state of affairs; and, even if we would, we could not change the cost. Indeed, the larger the cost now, the less will it be in the end; for the end must be attained somehow, regardless of loss of life and treasure, and is merely a -question of time.<br > -<br > -Excuse so long a letter. With great respect, etc.,<br > -<br > +question of time.<br> +<br> +Excuse so long a letter. With great respect, etc.,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>General Halleck, on receipt of this letter, telegraphed me that Mr. Lincoln had read it carefully, and had instructed him to obtain my consent to have it published. At the time, I preferred not to be drawn into any newspaper controversy, and so wrote to General Halleck; and the above letter has never been, to my knowledge, published; though Mr. Lincoln more than once referred to it with -marks of approval.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS<br > -CAMP ON BIG BLACK, September 17, 1863<br > -<br > -Brigadier-General J. A. RAWLINS,<br > -Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Vicksburg.<br > -<br > +marks of approval.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS<br> +CAMP ON BIG BLACK, September 17, 1863<br> +<br> +Brigadier-General J. A. RAWLINS,<br> +Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Vicksburg.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: I inclose for your perusal, and for you to read to General Grant such parts as you deem interesting, letters received by me from Prof. Mahan and General Halleck, with my answers. After you have read my answer to General Halleck, I beg you to inclose it -to its address, and return me the others.<br > -<br > +to its address, and return me the others.<br> +<br> I think Prof. Mahan's very marked encomium upon the campaign of Vicksburg is so flattering to General Grant, that you may offer to let him keep the letter, if he values such a testimonial. I have @@ -14489,40 +14489,40 @@ that the end would be reached quicker by such a course than by any seeming yielding on our part. I don't want our Government to be bothered by patching up local governments, or by trying to reconcile any class of men. The South has done her worst, and now -is the time for us to pile on our blows thick and fast.<br > -<br > +is the time for us to pile on our blows thick and fast.<br> +<br> Instead of postponing the draft till after the elections, we ought now to have our ranks full of drafted men; and, at best, if they -come at all, they will reach us when we should be in motion.<br > -<br > +come at all, they will reach us when we should be in motion.<br> +<br> I think General Halleck would like to have the honest, candid opinions of all of us, viz., Grant, McPherson, and Sherman. I have given mine, and would prefer, of course, that it should coincide with the others. Still, no matter what my opinion may be, I can easily adapt my conduct to the plane of others, and am only too -happy when I find theirs better, than mine.<br > -<br > +happy when I find theirs better, than mine.<br> +<br> If no trouble, please show Halleck's letter to McPherson, and ask him to write also. I know his regiments are like mine (mere -squads), and need filling up. Yours truly,<br > -<br > +squads), and need filling up. Yours truly,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch14"></a>CHAPTER XIV.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>CHATTANOOGA AND KNOXVILLE.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>JULY TO DECEMBER, 1863.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>After the fall of Vicksburg, and its corollary, Port Hudson, the Mississippi River was wholly in the possession of the Union forces, and formed a perfect line of separation in the territories of our @@ -14681,16 +14681,16 @@ Regulars acting as escort from the Gayoso Hotel to the steamboat Grey Eagle, which conveyed him and my family up to Cairo, whence they proceeded to our home at Lancaster, Ohio, where he was buried. I here give my letter to Captain C. C. Smith, who commanded the -battalion at the time, as exhibiting our intense feelings:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -GAYOSO HOUSE, MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE<br > -October 4, 1863, Midnight<br > -<br > +battalion at the time, as exhibiting our intense feelings:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +GAYOSO HOUSE, MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE<br> +October 4, 1863, Midnight<br> +<br> Captain C. C. SMITH, commanding Battalion Thirteenth United States -Regulars.<br > -<br > +Regulars.<br> +<br> MY DEAR FRIEND: I cannot sleep to-night till I record an expression of the deep feelings of my heart to you, and to the officers and soldiers of the battalion, for their kind behavior to my poor @@ -14706,29 +14706,29 @@ brother, and sisters, clustered about him. For myself, I ask no sympathy. On, on I must go, to meet a soldier's fate, or live to see our country rise superior to all factions, till its flag is adored and respected by ourselves and by all the powers of the -earth.<br > -<br > +earth.<br> +<br> But Willie was, or thought he was, a sergeant in the Thirteenth. I have seen his eye brighten, his heart beat, as he beheld the battalion under arms, and asked me if they were not real soldiers. Child as he was, he had the enthusiasm, the pure love of truth, honor, and love of country, which should animate all -soldiers.<br > -<br > +soldiers.<br> +<br> God only knows why he should die thus young. He is dead, but will not be forgotten till those who knew him in life have followed him -to that same mysterious end.<br > -<br > +to that same mysterious end.<br> +<br> Please convey to the battalion my heart-felt thanks, and assure each and all that if in after-years they call on me or mine, and mention that they were of the Thirteenth Regulars when Willie was a sergeant, they will have a key to the affections of my family that will open all it has; that we will share with them our last -blanket, our last crust! Your friend,<br > -<br > +blanket, our last crust! Your friend,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-general.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Long afterward, in the spring of 1867, we had his body disinterred and brought to St. Louis, where he is now buried in a beautiful spot, in Calvary Cemetery, by the side of another child, @@ -14742,45 +14742,45 @@ sergeant and comrade.</p> was in command at Memphis. He supplied me copies of all dispatches from Washington, and all the information he possessed of the events about Chattanooga. Two of these dispatches cover all essential -points:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -WASHINGTON CITY, September 15, 1863—5 p.m.<br > -<br > -Major-General S. A. HURLBUT, Memphis:<br > -<br > +points:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +WASHINGTON CITY, September 15, 1863—5 p.m.<br> +<br> +Major-General S. A. HURLBUT, Memphis:<br> +<br> All the troops that can possibly be spared in West Tennessee and on the Mississippi River should be sent without delay to assist -General Rosecrans on the Tennessee River.<br > -<br > -Urge Sherman to act with all possible promptness.<br > -<br > -If you have boats, send them down to bring up his troops.<br > -<br > +General Rosecrans on the Tennessee River.<br> +<br> +Urge Sherman to act with all possible promptness.<br> +<br> +If you have boats, send them down to bring up his troops.<br> +<br> Information just received indicates that a part of Lee's army has -been sent to reenforce Bragg.<br > -<br > -H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -Washington, September 19, 1868—4 p.m.<br > -<br > -Major-General S. A. HURLBUT, Memphis, Tennessee:<br > -<br > +been sent to reenforce Bragg.<br> +<br> +H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +Washington, September 19, 1868—4 p.m.<br> +<br> +Major-General S. A. HURLBUT, Memphis, Tennessee:<br> +<br> Give me definite information of the number of troops sent toward Decatur, and where they are. Also, what other troops are to follow, -and when.<br > -<br > +and when.<br> +<br> Has any thing been heard from the troops ordered from -Vicksburg?<br > -<br > +Vicksburg?<br> +<br> No efforts must be spared to support Rosecrans's right, and to -guard the crossings of the Tennessee River.<br > -<br > +guard the crossings of the Tennessee River.<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>My special orders were to repair the Memphis & Charleston Railroad eastward as I progressed, as far as Athens, Alabama, to draw supplies by that route, so that, on reaching Athens, we should @@ -14808,7 +14808,7 @@ Colliersville, twenty-six miles out. I was in the rear car with my staff, dozing, but observed the train slacking speed and stopping about half a mile beyond the depot. I noticed some soldiers running to and fro, got out at the end of the car, and soon Colonel Anthony -(Silty-sixth Indiana), who commanded the post, rode up and said +(Sixty-sixth Indiana), who commanded the post, rode up and said that his pickets had just been driven in, and there was an appearance of an attack by a large force of cavalry coming from the southeast. I ordered the men to get off the train, to form on the @@ -14880,26 +14880,26 @@ arrived about dark, having marched the whole distance from Memphis, twenty-six miles, on the double-quick. The next day we repaired damages to the railroad and locomotive, and went on to Corinth.</p> <p>At Corinth, on the 16th, I received the following important -dispatches:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -MEMPHIS, October 14, 1863—11 a.m.<br > -<br > +dispatches:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +MEMPHIS, October 14, 1863—11 A.M.<br> +<br> Arrived this morning. Will be off in a few hours. My orders are only to go to Cairo, and report from there by telegraph. McPherson will be in Canton to-day. He will remain there until Sunday or Monday next, and reconnoitre as far eastward as possible with -cavalry, in the mean time.<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, October 14, 1863—1 p.m.<br > -<br > -Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Corinth<br > -<br > +cavalry, in the mean time.<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, October 14, 1863—1 p.m.<br> +<br> +Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Corinth<br> +<br> Yours of the 10th is received. The important matter to be attended to is that of supplies. When Eastport can be reached by boats, the use of the railroad can be dispensed with; but until that time it @@ -14908,11 +14908,11 @@ supply General Rosecrans. All these matters must be left to your judgment as circumstances may arise. Should the enemy be so strong as to prevent your going to Athena, or connecting with General Rosecrans, you will nevertheless have assisted him greatly by -drawing away a part of the enemy's forces.<br > -<br > +drawing away a part of the enemy's forces.<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 18th, with my staff and a small escort, I rode forward to Burnsville, and on the 19th to Iuka, where, on the next day, I was most agreeably surprised to hear of the arrival at Eastport (only @@ -14930,14 +14930,14 @@ Rosecrans by General George H. Thomas, with other and complete authority, as set, forth in the following letters of General Halleck, which were sent to me by General Grant; and the same orders devolved on me the command of the Department and Army of the -Tennessee.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., October 16, 1863<br > -<br > -Major-General U. S. GRANT, Louisville.<br > -<br > +Tennessee.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., October 16, 1863<br> +<br> +Major-General U. S. GRANT, Louisville.<br> +<br> GENERAL: You will receive herewith the orders of the President of the United States, placing you in command of the Departments of the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee. The organization of these @@ -14947,30 +14947,30 @@ Rosecrans. You can communicate with Generals Burnside and Sherman by telegraph. A summary of the orders sent to these officers will be sent to you immediately. It is left optional with you to supersede General Rosecrans by General G. H. Thomas or not. Any -other changes will be made on your request by telegram.<br > -<br > +other changes will be made on your request by telegram.<br> +<br> One of the first objects requiring your attention is the supply of your armies. Another is the security of the passes in the Georgia mountains, to shut out the enemy from Tennessee and Kentucky. You will consult with General Meigs and Colonel Scott in regard to -transportation and supplies.<br > -<br > +transportation and supplies.<br> +<br> Should circumstances permit, I will visit you personally in a few -days for consultation.<br > -<br > -H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C., October 20, 1868.<br > -<br > -Major-General GRANT, Louisville.<br > -<br > +days for consultation.<br> +<br> +H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C., October 20, 1868.<br> +<br> +Major-General GRANT, Louisville.<br> +<br> GENERAL: In compliance with my promise, I now proceed to give you a brief statement of the objects aimed at by General Rosecrans and General Burnside's movement into East Tennessee, and of the -measures directed to be taken to attain these objects.<br > -<br > +measures directed to be taken to attain these objects.<br> +<br> It has been the constant desire of the government, from the beginning of the war, to rescue the loyal inhabitants of East Tennessee from the hands of the rebels, who fully appreciated the @@ -14980,8 +14980,8 @@ valley of the Tennessee, they also obtained iron and other materials from the vicinity of Chattanooga. The possession of East Tennessee would cut off one of their most important railroad communications, and threaten their manufactories at Rome, Atlanta, -etc.<br > -<br > +etc.<br> +<br> When General Buell was ordered into East Tennessee in the summer of 1882, Chattanooga was comparatively unprotected; but Bragg reached there before Buell, and, by threatening his communications, forced @@ -14989,8 +14989,8 @@ him to retreat on Nashville and Louisville. Again, after the battle of Perryville, General Buell was urged to pursue Bragg's defeated army, and drive it from East Tennessee. The same was urged upon his successor, but the lateness of the season or other causes prevented -further operations after the battle of Stone River.<br > -<br > +further operations after the battle of Stone River.<br> +<br> Last spring, when your movements on the Mississippi River had drawn out of Tennessee a large force of the enemy, I again urged General Rosecrans to take advantage of that opportunity to carry out his @@ -14999,8 +14999,8 @@ cooperate, with a diminished but still efficient force. But he could not be persuaded to act in time, preferring to lie still till your campaign should be terminated. I represented to him, but without avail, that by this delay Johnston might be able to -reenforce Bragg with the troops then operating against you.<br > -<br > +reenforce Bragg with the troops then operating against you.<br> +<br> When General Rosecrans finally determined to advance, he was allowed to select his own lines and plans for carrying out the objects of the expedition. He was directed, however, to report his @@ -15012,8 +15012,8 @@ enemy concentrated upon either army, the other could move to its assistance. When General Burnside reached Kingston and Knoxville, and found no considerable number of the enemy in East Tennessee, he was instructed to move down the river and cooperate with General -Rosecrans.<br > -<br > +Rosecrans.<br> +<br> These instructions were repeated some fifteen times, but were not carried out, General Burnside alleging as an excuse that he believed that Bragg was in retreat, and that General Rosecrans @@ -15026,8 +15026,8 @@ operations would depend upon the ascertained strength and; movements of the enemy. In other words, the main objects of the campaign were the restoration of East Tennessee to the Union, and by holding the two extremities of the valley to secure it from -rebel invasion.<br > -<br > +rebel invasion.<br> +<br> The moment I received reliable information of the departure of Longstreet's corps from the Army of the Potomac, I ordered forward to General Rosecrans every available man in the Department of the @@ -15040,8 +15040,8 @@ Corinth and the Tennessee River. The necessity of this has been proved by the fact that the reinforcements sent to him from the Army of the Potomac have not been able, for the want of railroad transportation, to reach General Rosecrans's army in the -field.<br > -<br > +field.<br> +<br> In regard to the relative strength of the opposing armies, it is believed that General Rosecrans when he first moved against Bragg had double, if not treble, his force. General Burnside, also, had @@ -15059,8 +15059,8 @@ lesson in regard to the character of the enemy with whom we are contending. He neither regards the rules of civilized warfare, nor even his most solemn engagements. You may, therefore, expect to meet in arms thousands of unexchanged prisoners released by you and -others on parole, not to serve again till duly exchanged.<br > -<br > +others on parole, not to serve again till duly exchanged.<br> +<br> Although the enemy by this disgraceful means has been able to concentrate in Georgia and Alabama a much larger force than we anticipated, your armies will be abundantly able to defeat him. @@ -15068,20 +15068,20 @@ Your difficulty will not be in the want of men, but in the means of supplying them at this season of the year. A single-track railroad can supply an army of sixty or seventy thousand men, with the usual number of cavalry and artillery; but beyond that number, or with a -large mounted force, the difficulty of supply is very great.<br > -<br > +large mounted force, the difficulty of supply is very great.<br> +<br> I do not know the present condition of the road from Nashville to Decatur, but, if practicable to repair it, the use of that triangle will be of great assistance to you. I hope, also, that the recent rise of water in the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers will enable you to employ water transportation to Nashville, Eastport, or -Florence.<br > -<br > +Florence.<br> +<br> If you reoccupy the passes of Lookout Mountain, which should never have been given up, you will be able to use the railroad and river from Bridgeport to Chattanooga. This seems to me a matter of vital -importance, and should receive your early attention.<br > -<br > +importance, and should receive your early attention.<br> +<br> I submit this summary in the hope that it will assist you in fully understanding the objects of the campaign, and the means of attaining these objects. Probably the Secretary of War, in his @@ -15091,11 +15091,11 @@ circumstances, you will receive all possible assistance from the authorities at Washington. You have never, heretofore, complained that such assistance has not been afforded you in your operations, and I think you will have no cause of complaint in your present -campaign. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +campaign. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>General Frank P. Blair, who was then ahead with the two divisions of Osterhaus and John E. Smith, was temporarily assigned to the command of the Fifteenth Corps. General Hurlbut remained at @@ -15110,17 +15110,17 @@ inquired for me, and, on being assured that I was in fact the man, he handed me a letter from General Blair at Tuscumbia, and another short one, which was a telegraph-message from General Grant at Chattanooga, addressed to me through General George Crook, -commanding at Huntsville, Alabama, to this effect:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +commanding at Huntsville, Alabama, to this effect:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> Drop all work on Memphis & Charleston Railroad, cross the Tennessee and hurry eastward with all possible dispatch toward -Bridgeport, till you meet further orders from me.<br > -<br > +Bridgeport, till you meet further orders from me.<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The bearer of this message was Corporal Pike, who described to me, in his peculiar way, that General Crook had sent him in a canoe; that he had paddled down the Tennessee River, over Muscle @@ -15175,7 +15175,7 @@ course I wrote him that he must try and settle down and become a gentleman as well as an officer, apply himself to his duties, and forget the wild desires of his nature, which were well enough in time of war, but not suited to his new condition as an officer; -but, poor fellow I he was killed by an accident, which probably +but, poor fellow! he was killed by an accident, which probably saved him from a slower but harder fate.</p> <p>At Iuka I issued all the orders to McPherson and Hurlbut necessary for the Department of the Tennessee during my absence, @@ -15356,15 +15356,15 @@ that he would naturally detach from his centre as against us, so that Thomas's army could break through his centre. The whole plan succeeded admirably; but it was not until after dark that I learned the complete success at the centre, and received General Grant's -orders to pursue on the north side of Chickamauga Creek:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +orders to pursue on the north side of Chickamauga Creek:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, CHATTANOOGA, -TENNESSEE, Nov. 25, 1863<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN.<br > -<br > +TENNESSEE, Nov. 25, 1863<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN.<br> +<br> GENERAL: No doubt you witnessed the handsome manner in which Thomas's troops carried Missionary Ridge this afternoon, and can feel a just pride, too, in the part taken by the forces under your @@ -15373,23 +15373,23 @@ then in attracting the attention of so many of the enemy as to make Thomas's part certain of success. The neat thing now will be to relieve Burnside. I have heard from him to the evening of the 23d. At that time he had from ten to twelve days' supplies, and spoke -hopefully of being able to hold out that length of time.<br > -<br > +hopefully of being able to hold out that length of time.<br> +<br> My plan is to move your forces out gradually until they reach the railroad between Cleveland and Dalton. Granger will move up the south side of the Tennessee with a column of twenty thousand men, taking no wagons, or but few, with him. His men will carry four days' rations, and the steamer Chattanooga, loaded with rations, -will accompany the expedition.<br > -<br > +will accompany the expedition.<br> +<br> I take it for granted that Bragg's entire force has left. If not, of course, the first thing is to dispose of him. If he has gone, the only thing necessary to do to-morrow will be to send out a reconnoissance to ascertain the whereabouts of the enemy. Yours -truly,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Major-General.<br > -<br > +truly,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Major-General.<br> +<br> P. S.-On reflection, I think we will push Bragg with all our strength to-morrow, and try if we cannot out off a good portion of his rear troops and trains. His men have manifested a strong @@ -15397,8 +15397,8 @@ disposition to desert for some time past, and we will now give them a chance. I will instruct Thomas accordingly. Move the advance force early, on the most easterly road taken by the enemy. U. S. G.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This compelled me to reverse our column, so as to use the bridge across the Chickamauga at its mouth. The next day we struck the rebel rear at Chickamauga Station, and again near Graysville. There @@ -15431,11 +15431,14 @@ but, as I rode into town, I met Colonel J. H. Wilson and C. A. Dana (Assistant Secretary of War), who had ridden out from Chattanooga to find me, with the following letter from General Grant, and copies of several dispatches from General Burnside, the last which -had been received from him by way of Cumberland Gap:</p> -<p>HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, CHATTANOOGA, -TENNESSEE, Nov. 29, 1863</p> -<p>Major-General W. T. SHERMAN</p> -<p>News are received from Knoxville to the morning of the 27th. At +had been received from him by way of Cumberland Gap: +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, CHATTANOOGA, +TENNESSEE, Nov. 29, 1863<br><br> +Major-General W. T. SHERMAN<br><br> +News are received from Knoxville to the morning of the 27th. At that time the place was still invested, but the attack on it was not vigorous. Longstreet evidently determined to starve the garrison out. Granger is on the way to Burnside's relief, but I @@ -15452,16 +15455,20 @@ back to Chattanooga. Granger has a boat loaded with provisions, which you can issue, and return the boat. I will have another loaded, to follow you. Use, of course, as sparingly as possible from the rations taken with you, and subsist off the country all -you can.</p> -<p>It is expected that Foster is moving, by this time, from +you can.<br><br> +It is expected that Foster is moving, by this time, from Cumberland Gap on Knoxville. I do not know what force he will have with him, but presume it will range from three thousand five hundred to five thousand I leave this matter to you, knowing that you will do better acting upon your discretion than you could trammeled with instructions. I will only add, that the last advices from Burnside himself indicated his ability to hold out with -rations only to about the 3d of December. Very respectfully,</p> -<p>U. S. GRANT, Major-General commanding,</p> +rations only to about the 3d of December. Very respectfully,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Major-General commanding,<br> +</blockquote> +<br> +<br> <p>This showed that, on the 27th of November, General Burnside was in Knoxville, closely besieged by the rebel General Longstreet; that his provisions were short, and that, unless relieved by @@ -15525,51 +15532,51 @@ he wanted, we began our leisurely return to Chattanooga, which we reached on the 16th; when General Grant in person ordered me to restore to General Thomas the divisions of Howard and Davis, which belonged to his army, and to conduct my own corps (the Fifteenth) -to North Alabama for winter-quarters.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY OF TENNESSEE, BRIDGEPORT,<br > -ALABAMA December 19, 1863<br > -<br > +to North Alabama for winter-quarters.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY OF TENNESSEE, BRIDGEPORT,<br> +ALABAMA December 19, 1863<br> +<br> Brigadier-General John A. RAWLINS, Chief of Staff to General GRANT, -Chattanooga.<br > -<br > +Chattanooga.<br> +<br> GENERAL: For the first time, I am now at leisure to make an official record of events with which the troops under my command have been connected daring the eventful campaign which has just closed. Dating the month of September last, the Fifteenth Army Corps, which I had the honor to command, lay in camps along the Big Black, about twenty miles east of Vicksburg, Mississippi. It -consisted of four divisions:<br > -<br > +consisted of four divisions:<br> +<br> The First, commanded by Brigadier-General P. J. Osterhaus, was composed of two brigades, led by Brigadier-General C. R. Woods and -Colonel J. A. Williamson (of the Fourth Iowa).<br > -<br > +Colonel J. A. Williamson (of the Fourth Iowa).<br> +<br> The Second, commanded by Brigadier-General Morgan L. Smith, was composed of two brigades, led by Brigadier-Generals Giles A. Smith -and J. A. J. Lightburn.<br > -<br > +and J. A. J. Lightburn.<br> +<br> The Third, commanded by Brigadier-General J. M. Tuttle, was composed of three brigades, led by Brigadier-Generals J. A. Mower and R. P. Buckland, and Colonel J. J. Wood (of the Twelfth -Iowa).<br > -<br > +Iowa).<br> +<br> The Fourth, commanded by Brigadier-General Hugh Ewing, was composed of three brigades, led by Brigadier-General J. M. Corse, Colonel Loomis (Twenty-sixth Illinois), and Colonel J. R. Cockerill (of the Seventieth Ohio).</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 22d day of September I received a telegraphic dispatch from General Grant, then at Vicksburg, commanding the Department of the Tennessee, requiring me to detach one of my divisions to march to Vicksburg, there to embark for Memphis, where it was to form a part of an army to be sent to Chattanooga, to reenforce General Rosecrans. I designated the First Division, and at 4 a. m. the same -day it marched for Vicksburg, and embarked the neat day.<br > -<br > +day it marched for Vicksburg, and embarked the neat day.<br> +<br> On the 23d of September I was summoned to Vicksburg by the general commanding, who showed me several dispatches from the general-in-chief, which led him to suppose he would have to send me @@ -15921,7 +15928,7 @@ General Ewing's hill, and Captain Woods his Napoleon battery on General Lightburn's; also, two guns of Dillon's battery were with Colonel Alexander's brigade. All directed their fire as carefully as possible, to clear the hill to our front, without endangering -our own men. The fight raged furiously about 10 a.m., when General +our own men. The fight raged furiously about 10 A.M., when General Corse received a severe wound, was brought off the field, and the command of the brigade and of the assault at that key-point devolved on that fine young, gallant officer, Colonel Walcutt, of @@ -15942,7 +15949,7 @@ as they were in the open field; they fell back in some disorder to the lower edge of the field, and reformed. These two brigades were in the nature of supports, and did not constitute a part of the real attack.</p> -<p>The movement, seen from Chattanooga (five miles off ) with +<p>The movement, seen from Chattanooga (five miles off) with spy-glasses, gave rise to the report, which even General Meiga has repeated, that we were repulsed on the left. It was not so. The real attacking columns of General Corse, Colonel Loomis, and @@ -15983,11 +15990,11 @@ its mouth, and push forward for the depot.</p> with the remainder of his army corps (the Eleventh), and had been posted to connect my left with Chickamauga Creek. He was ordered to repair an old broken bridge about two miles up the Chickamauga, and -to follow General Davis at 4 a.m., and the Fifteenth Army Corps was +to follow General Davis at 4 A.M., and the Fifteenth Army Corps was ordered to follow at daylight. But General Howard found that to repair the bridge was more of a task than was at first supposed, and we were all compelled to cross the Chickamauga on the new -pontoon-bridge at its mouth. By about 11 a.m. General Jeff. C. +pontoon-bridge at its mouth. By about 11 A.M. General Jeff. C. Davis's division reached the depot, just in time to see it in flames. He found the enemy occupying two hills, partially intrenched, just beyond the depot. These he soon drove away. The @@ -16042,7 +16049,7 @@ and Graysville, back to the State line; and General Grant, coming to Graysville, consented that, instead of returning direct to Chattanooga, I might send back all my artillery-wagons and impediments, and make a circuit by the north as far as the -Hiawasaee River.</p> +Hiawassee River.</p> <p>Accordingly, on the morning of November 29th, General Howard moved from Parker's Gap to Cleveland, General Davis by way of McDaniel's Gap, and General Blair with two divisions of the @@ -16090,7 +16097,7 @@ orders, scouting over about Benton and Columbus. I left my aide, Major McCoy, at Charleston, to communicate with this cavalry and hurry it forward. It overtook me in the night at Athens.</p> <p>On the 2d of December the army moved rapidly north toward -Loudon, twenty-six miles distant. About 11 a.m., the cavalry passed +Loudon, twenty-six miles distant. About 11 A.M., the cavalry passed to the head of the column, was ordered to push to London, and, if possible, to save a pontoon-bridge across the Tennessee, held by a brigade of the enemy commanded by General Vaughn. The cavalry moved @@ -16175,17 +16182,17 @@ about that hilly barrier.</p> and what he proposed to do. He asked of me nothing but General Granger's command; and suggested, in view of the large force I had brought from Chattanooga, that I should return with due expedition -to the line of the Hiawasaee, lest Bragg, reenforced, might take +to the line of the Hiawassee, lest Bragg, reenforced, might take advantage of our absence to resume the offensive. I asked him to reduce this to writing, which he did, and I here introduce it as -part of my report:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE OHIO KNOXVILLE, December 7, 1863<br > -<br > -Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding, etc.<br > -<br > +part of my report:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE OHIO KNOXVILLE, December 7, 1863<br> +<br> +Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding, etc.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I desire to express to you and your command my most hearty thanks and gratitude for your promptness in coming to our relief during the siege of Knoxville, and I am satisfied your approach @@ -16198,21 +16205,21 @@ General Thomas less secure), I deem it advisable that all the troops now here, save those commanded by General Granger, should return at once to within supporting distance of the forces in front of Bragg's army. In behalf of my command, I desire again to thank -you and your command for the kindness you have done us.<br > -<br > -I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -A. E. BURNSIDE, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +you and your command for the kindness you have done us.<br> +<br> +I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +A. E. BURNSIDE, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> Accordingly, having seen General Burnside's forces move out of Knoxville in pursuit of Longstreet, and General Granger's move in, I put in motion my own command to return. General Howard was ordered to move, via Davis's Ford and Sweetwater, to Athena, with a guard forward at Charleston, to hold and repair the bridge which the enemy had retaken after our passage up. General Jeff. C. Davis -moved to Columbus, on the Hiawaesee, via Madisonville, and the two +moved to Columbus, on the Hiawassee, via Madisonville, and the two divisions of the Fifteenth Corps moved to Tellico Plains, to cover movement of cavalry across the mountains into Georgia, to overtake a wagon-train which had dodged us on our way up, and had escaped by @@ -16221,14 +16228,14 @@ the enemy held Charleston, I diverted General Ewing's division to Athena, and went in person to Tellico with General Morgan L. Smith's division. By the 9th all our troops were in position, and we held the rich country between the Little Tennessee and the -Hiawasaee. The cavalry, under Colonel Long, passed the mountain at +Hiawassee. The cavalry, under Colonel Long, passed the mountain at Tellico, and proceeded about seventeen miles beyond Murphy, when Colonel Long, deeming his farther pursuit of the wagon-train useless, returned on the 12th to Tellico. I then ordered him and the division of General Morgan L. Smith to move to Charleston, to which point I had previously ordered the corps of General -Howard.<br > -<br > +Howard.<br> +<br> On the 14th of December all of my command in the field lay along the Hiawassee. Having communicated to General Grant the actual state of affairs, I received orders to leave, on the line of the @@ -16241,16 +16248,16 @@ easy marches, by Cleveland and Tyner's Depot, into Chattanooga, where I received in person from General Grant orders to transfer back to their appropriate commands the corps of General Howard and the division commanded by General Jeff. C. Davis, and to conduct -the Fifteenth Army Corps to its new field of operations.<br > -<br > +the Fifteenth Army Corps to its new field of operations.<br> +<br> It will thus appear that we have been constantly in motion since our departure from the Big Black, in Mississippi, until the present moment. I have been unable to receive from subordinate commanders the usual full, detailed reports of events, and have therefore been compelled to make up this report from my own personal memory; but, as soon as possible, subordinate reports will be received and duly -forwarded.<br > -<br > +forwarded.<br> +<br> In reviewing the facts, I must do justice to the men of my command for the patience, cheerfulness, and courage which officers and men have displayed throughout, in battle, on the march, and in camp. @@ -16268,8 +16275,8 @@ all minds at Chattanooga prior to our arrival. I cannot speak of the Fifteenth Army Corps without a seeming vanity; but as I am no longer its commander, I assert that there is no better body of soldiers in America than it. I wish all to feel a just pride in its -real honors.<br > -<br > +real honors.<br> +<br> To General Howard and his command, to General Jeff. C. Davis and his, I am more than usually indebted for the intelligence of commanders and fidelity of commands. The brigade of Colonel @@ -16278,8 +16285,8 @@ come out of Chattanooga to my flank, fought at the Tunnel Hill, in connection with General Ewing's division, and displayed a courage almost amounting to rashness. Following the enemy almost to the tunnel-gorge, it lost many valuable lives, prominent among them -Lieutenant-Colonel Taft, spoken of as a most gallant soldier.<br > -<br > +Lieutenant-Colonel Taft, spoken of as a most gallant soldier.<br> +<br> In General Howard throughout I found a polished and Christian gentleman, exhibiting the highest and most chivalric traits of the soldier. General Davis handled his division with artistic skill, @@ -16287,8 +16294,8 @@ more especially at the moment we encountered the enemy's rear-guard, near Graysville, at nightfall. I must award to this division the credit of the best order during our movement through East Tennessee, when long marches and the necessity of foraging to -the right and left gave some reason for disordered ranks:<br > -<br > +the right and left gave some reason for disordered ranks:<br> +<br> Inasmuch as exception may be taken to my explanation of the temporary confusion, during the battle of Chattanooga, of the two brigades of General Matthias and Colonel Raum, I will here state @@ -16304,29 +16311,29 @@ to support General Ewing's division in a very few minutes; and the circumstance would have hardly called for notice on my part, had not others reported what was seen from Chattanooga, a distance of nearly five miles, from where could only be seen the troops in the -open field in which this affair occurred.<br > -<br > +open field in which this affair occurred.<br> +<br> I now subjoin the best report of casualties I am able to compile -from the records thus far received:<br > -<br > -Killed; Wounded; and Missing............... 1949<br > -<br > -No report from General Davis's division, but loss is small.<br > -<br > +from the records thus far received:<br> +<br> +Killed; Wounded; and Missing............... 1949<br> +<br> +No report from General Davis's division, but loss is small.<br> +<br> Among the killed were some of our most valuable officers: Colonels Putnam, Ninety-third Illinois; O'Meara, Ninetieth Illinois; and Torrence, Thirtieth Iowa; Lieutenant-Colonel-Taft, of the Eleventh -Corps; and Major Bushnell, Thirteenth Illinois.<br > -<br > +Corps; and Major Bushnell, Thirteenth Illinois.<br> +<br> Among the wounded are Brigadier-Generals Giles A. Smith, Corse, and Matthias; Colonel Raum; Colonel Waugelin, Twelfth Missouri; Lieutenant-Colonel Partridge, Thirteenth Illinois; Major P. I. Welsh, Fifty-sixth Illinois; and Major Nathan McAlla, Tenth -Iowa.<br > -<br > +Iowa.<br> +<br> Among the missing is Lieutenant-Colonel Archer, Seventeenth -Iowa.<br > -<br > +Iowa.<br> +<br> My report is already so long, that I must forbear mentioning acts of individual merit. These will be recorded in the reports of division commanders, which I will cheerfully indorse; but I must @@ -16337,28 +16344,28 @@ much usefulness and credit to the public service, viz.: Colonel J. R. Cockerell, Seventieth, Ohio; Colonel J. M. Loomis, Twenty-sixth Illinois; Colonel C. C. Walcutt, Forty-sixth Ohio; Colonel J. A. Williamson, Fourth Iowa; Colonel G. B. Raum, Fifty-sixth Illinois; -Colonel J. I. Alexander, Fifty-ninth Indiana.<br > -<br > +Colonel J. I. Alexander, Fifty-ninth Indiana.<br> +<br> My personal staff, as usual, have served their country with fidelity, and credit to themselves, throughout these events, and -have received my personal thanks.<br > -<br > +have received my personal thanks.<br> +<br> Inclosed you will please find a map of that part of the battle-field of Chattanooga fought over by the troops under my command, surveyed and drawn by Captain Jenney, engineer on my -staff. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -[General Order No. 68.]<br > -<br > +staff. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +[General Order No. 68.]<br> +<br> WAR DEPARTMENT ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE WASHINGTON, February 21, -1884<br > -<br > +1884<br> +<br> Joint resolution tendering the thanks of Congress to Major-General -W. T. Sherman and others.<br > -<br > +W. T. Sherman and others.<br> +<br> Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the thanks of Congress and of the people of the United States are due, and that @@ -16368,13 +16375,13 @@ officers and soldiers who served under him, for their gallant and arduous services in marching to the relief of the Army of the Cumberland, and for their gallantry and heroism in the battle of Chattanooga, which contributed in a great degree to the success of -our arms in that glorious victory.<br > -<br > -Approved February 19, 1864. By order of the Secretary of War:<br > -<br > +our arms in that glorious victory.<br> +<br> +Approved February 19, 1864. By order of the Secretary of War:<br> +<br> E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 19th of December I was at Bridgeport, and gave all the orders necessary for the distribution of the four divisions of the Fifteenth Corps along the railroad from Stevenson to Decatur, and @@ -16389,33 +16396,33 @@ it was likely to be the last and most important campaign of the war, it became necessary to set free as many of the old troops serving along the Mississippi River as possible. This was the real object and purpose of the Meridian campaign, and of Banks's -expedition up Red River to Shreveport during that winter.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +expedition up Red River to Shreveport during that winter.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch15"></a>CHAPTER XV.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>MERIDIAN CAMPAIGN.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1864.</p> </div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Meridian"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Meridian.jpg (253K)" src="images/Meridian.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Meridian.jpg (253K)" src="images/Meridian.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Meridian.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt="Full Size" -src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>The winter of 1863-'64 opened very cold and severe; and it was manifest after the battle of Chattanooga, November 25, 1863, and the raising of the siege of Knoxville, December 5th, that military @@ -16605,16 +16612,16 @@ failed; but in the following letter to General Banks, of January be seen clearly that I indicated my intention to keep up the delusion of an attack on Mobile by land, whereas I promised him to be back to Vicksburg by the 1st of March, so as to cooperate with -him in his contemplated attack on Shreveport:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +him in his contemplated attack on Shreveport:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE VICKSBURG, January 31, -1864<br > -<br > +1864<br> +<br> Major-General N. P. BANKS, commanding Department of the Gulf, New -Orleans.<br > -<br > +Orleans.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I received yesterday, at the hands of Captain Durham, aide-de-camp, your letter of the 25th inst., and hasten to reply. Captain Durham has gone to the mouth of White River, en route for @@ -16629,8 +16636,8 @@ moving, and I will be off for Jackson and Meridian to-morrow. The only fear I have is in the weather. All the other combinations are good. I want to keep up the delusion of an attack on Mobile and the Alabama River, and therefore would be obliged if you would keep up -an irritating foraging or other expedition in that direction.<br > -<br > +an irritating foraging or other expedition in that direction.<br> +<br> My orders from General Grant will not, as yet, justify me in embarking for Red River, though I am very anxious to move in that direction. The moment I learned that you were preparing for it, I @@ -16650,15 +16657,15 @@ ten thousand, and you could, I suppose, have the same. Your movement from Opelousas, simultaneous with mine up the river, would compel Dick Taylor to leave Fort De Russy (near Marksville), and the whole combined force could appear at Shreveport about a day -appointed beforehand.<br > -<br > +appointed beforehand.<br> +<br> I doubt if the enemy will risk a siege at Shreveport, although I am informed they are fortifying the place, and placing many heavy guns in position. It would be better for us that they should stand there, as we might make large and important captures. But I do not believe the enemy will fight a force of thirty thousand men, acting -in concert with gunboats.<br > -<br > +in concert with gunboats.<br> +<br> I will be most happy to take part in the proposed expedition, and hope, before you have made your final dispositions, that I will have the necessary permission. Half the Army of the Tennessee is @@ -16671,13 +16678,13 @@ embarrassed by the promises made the veteran volunteers for furlough. I think, by March 1st, I can put afloat for Shreveport ten thousand men, provided I succeed in my present movement in cleaning out the State of Mississippi, and in breaking up the -railroads about Meridian.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +railroads about Meridian.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General, commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The object of the Meridian expedition was to strike the roads inland, so to paralyze the rebel forces that we could take from the defense of the Mississippi River the equivalent of a corps of @@ -16843,33 +16850,33 @@ up the river toward Memphis. On our way we met Captain Badeau, of General Grant's staff, bearing the following letter, of March 4th, which I answered on the 10th, and sent the answer by General Butterfield, who had accompanied me up from New Orleans. Copies of -both were also sent to General McPherson, at Vicksburg:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Private.]<br > -<br > -NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, March 4, 1864<br > -<br > +both were also sent to General McPherson, at Vicksburg:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Private.]<br> +<br> +NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, March 4, 1864<br> +<br> DEAR SHERMAN: The bill reviving the grade of lieutenant-general in the army has become a law, and my name has been sent to the Senate -for the place.<br > -<br > +for the place.<br> +<br> I now receive orders to report at Washington immediately, in person, which indicates either a confirmation or a likelihood of confirmation. I start in the morning to comply with the order, but I shall say very distinctly on my arrival there that I shall accept no appointment which will require me to make that city my headquarters. This, however, is not what I started out to write -about.<br > -<br > +about.<br> +<br> While I have been eminently successful in this war, in at least gaining the confidence of the public, no one feels more than I how much of this success is due to the energy, skill, and the harmonious putting forth of that energy and skill, of those whom it has been my good fortune to have occupying subordinate positions -under me.<br > -<br > +under me.<br> +<br> There are many officers to whom these remarks are applicable to a greater or less degree, proportionate to their ability as soldiers; but what I want is to express my thanks to you and McPherson, as @@ -16878,70 +16885,70 @@ have had of success. How far your advice and suggestions have been of assistance, you know. How far your execution of whatever has been given you to do entitles you to the reward I am receiving, you cannot know as well as I do. I feel all the gratitude this letter -would express, giving it the most flattering construction.<br > -<br > +would express, giving it the most flattering construction.<br> +<br> The word you I use in the plural, intending it for McPherson also. I should write to him, and will some day, but, starting in the morning, I do not know that I will find time just now. Your -friend,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL]<br > -<br > -NEAR MEMPHIS, March 10, 1864<br > -<br > -General GRANT.<br > -<br > +friend,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL]<br> +<br> +NEAR MEMPHIS, March 10, 1864<br> +<br> +General GRANT.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: I have your more than kind and characteristic letter of the 4th, and will send a copy of it to General McPherson at -once.<br > -<br > +once.<br> +<br> You do yourself injustice and us too much honor in assigning to us so large a share of the merits which have led to your high advancement. I know you approve the friendship I have ever professed to you, and will permit me to continue as heretofore to -manifest it on all proper occasions.<br > -<br > +manifest it on all proper occasions.<br> +<br> You are now Washington's legitimate successor, and occupy a position of almost dangerous elevation; but if you can continue as heretofore to be yourself, simple, honest, and unpretending, you will enjoy through life the respect and love of friends, and the homage of millions of human beings who will award to you a large share for securing to them and their descendants a government of -law and stability.<br > -<br > +law and stability.<br> +<br> I repeat, you do General McPherson and myself too much honor. At Belmont you manifested your traits, neither of us being near; at Donelson also you illustrated your whole character. I was not near, and General McPherson in too subordinate a capacity to influence -you.<br > -<br > +you.<br> +<br> Until you had won Donelson, I confess I was almost cowed by the terrible array of anarchical elements that presented themselves at every point; but that victory admitted the ray of light which I -have followed ever since.<br > -<br > +have followed ever since.<br> +<br> I believe you are as brave, patriotic, and just, as the great prototype Washington; as unselfish, kind-hearted, and honest, as a man should be; but the chief characteristic in your nature is the simple faith in success you have always manifested, which I can liken to nothing else than the faith a Christian has in his -Saviour.<br > -<br > +Saviour.<br> +<br> This faith gave you victory at Shiloh and Vicksburg. Also, when you have completed your best preparations, you go into battle without hesitation, as at Chattanooga—no doubts, no reserve; and I tell you that it was this that made us act with confidence. I knew wherever I was that you thought of me, and if I got in a tight -place you would come—if alive.<br > -<br > +place you would come—if alive.<br> +<br> My only points of doubt were as to your knowledge of grand strategy, and of books of science and history; but I confess your -common-sense seems to have supplied all this.<br > -<br > +common-sense seems to have supplied all this.<br> +<br> Now as to the future. Do not stay in Washington. Halleck is better qualified than you are to stand the buffets of intrigue and policy. Come out West; take to yourself the whole Mississippi Valley; let @@ -16951,19 +16958,19 @@ or die with the main trunk! We have done much; still much remains to be done. Time and time's influences are all with us; we could almost afford to sit still and let these influences work. Even in the seceded States your word now would go further than a -President's proclamation, or an act of Congress.<br > -<br > +President's proclamation, or an act of Congress.<br> +<br> For God's sake and for your country's sake, come out of Washington! I foretold to General Halleck, before he left Corinth, the inevitable result to him, and I now exhort you to come out West. Here lies the seat of the coming empire; and from the West, when our task is done, we will make short work of Charleston and Richmond, and the impoverished coast of the Atlantic. Your sincere -friend,<br > -<br > +friend,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>We reached Memphis on the 13th, where I remained some days, but on the 14th of March received from General Grant a dispatch to hurry to Nashville in person by the 17th, if possible. Disposing of @@ -17014,74 +17021,74 @@ man who then stood prominent before the country; and to whom all had turned as the only one qualified to guide the nation in a war that had become painfully critical. With copies of the few letters referred to, and which seem necessary to illustrate the -subject-matter, I close this chapter:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br > -STEAMER DIANA (UNDER WEIGH), March 4, 1864<br > -<br > +subject-matter, I close this chapter:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br> +STEAMER DIANA (UNDER WEIGH), March 4, 1864<br> +<br> Major-General N. P. BANKS, commanding Department of the Gulf, New -Orleans.<br > -<br > +Orleans.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I had the honor to receive your letter of the 2d instant yesterday at New Orleans, but was unable to answer, except -verbally, and I now reduce it to writing.<br > -<br > +verbally, and I now reduce it to writing.<br> +<br> I will arrive at Vicksburg the 6th instant, and I expect to meet there my command from Canton, out of which I will select two divisions of about ten thousand men, embark them under a good -commander, and order him:<br > -<br > +commander, and order him:<br> +<br> 1st. To rendezvous at the mouth of Red River, and, in concert with Admiral Porter (if he agree), to strike Harrisonburg a hard -blow.<br > -<br > +blow.<br> +<br> 2d. To return to Red River and ascend it, aiming to reach -Alexandria on the 17th of March, to report to you.<br > -<br > +Alexandria on the 17th of March, to report to you.<br> +<br> 3d. That, as this command is designed to operate by water, it will not be encumbered with much land transportation, say two wagons to a regiment, but with an ample supply of stores, including mortars -and heavy rifled guns, to be used against fortified places.<br > -<br > +and heavy rifled guns, to be used against fortified places.<br> +<br> 4th. That I have calculated, and so reported to General Grant, that this detachment of his forces in no event is to go beyond Shreveport, and that you will spare them the moment you can, trying to get them back to the Mississippi River in thirty days from the -time they actually enter Red River.<br > -<br > +time they actually enter Red River.<br> +<br> The year is wearing away fast, and I would like to carry to General Grant at Huntsville, Alabama, every man of his military division, as early in April as possible, for I am sure we ought to move from the base of the Tennessee River to the south before the season is -too far advanced, say as early as April 15th next.<br > -<br > +too far advanced, say as early as April 15th next.<br> +<br> I feel certain of your complete success, provided you make the concentration in time, to assure which I will see in person to the embarkation and dispatch of my quota, and I will write to General Steele, conveying to him my personal and professional opinion that the present opportunity is the most perfect one that will ever -offer itself to him to clean out his enemies in Arkansas.<br > -<br > +offer itself to him to clean out his enemies in Arkansas.<br> +<br> Wishing you all honor and success, I am, with respect, your friend -and servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br > -VICKSBURG, March 6, 1864<br > -<br > +and servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br> +VICKSBURG, March 6, 1864<br> +<br> Brigadier-General A. J. SMITH, commanding Expedition up Red River, -Vicksburg, Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Vicksburg, Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: By an order this day issued, you are to command a strong, well-appointed detachment of the Army of the Tennessee, sent to reinforce a movement up Red River, but more especially against the -fortified position at Shreveport.<br > -<br > +fortified position at Shreveport.<br> +<br> You will embark your command as soon as possible, little encumbered with wagons or wheeled vehicles, but well supplied with fuel, provisions, and ammunition. Take with you the twelve mortars, with @@ -17097,8 +17104,8 @@ Harrisonburg, up Black River; but as I passed Red River yesterday I saw Admiral Porter, and he told me he had already sent an expedition to Harrisonburg, so that I suppose that part of the plan will be accomplished before you reach Red River; but, in any event, -be careful to reach Alexandria about the 17th of March.<br > -<br > +be careful to reach Alexandria about the 17th of March.<br> +<br> General Banks will start by land from Franklin, in the Teche country, either the 6th or 7th, and will march via Opelousas to Alexandria. You will meet him there, report to him, and act under @@ -17114,8 +17121,8 @@ would be bad economy in war to invest the place with an army so far from heavy guns, mortars, ammunition, and provisions, which can alone reach Shreveport by water. Still, I do not know about General Banks's plans in that event; and whatever they may be, your duty -will be to conform, in the most hearty manner.<br > -<br > +will be to conform, in the most hearty manner.<br> +<br> My understanding with General Banks is that he will not need the cooperation of your force beyond thirty days from the date you reach Red River. As soon as he has taken Shreveport, or as soon as @@ -17126,14 +17133,14 @@ Army Corps, and conduct it to Memphis, where orders will await you. My present belief is your division, entire, will be needed with the Army of the Tennessee, about Huntsville or Bridgeport. Still, I will leave orders with General, Hurlbut, at Memphis, for you on -your return.<br > -<br > +your return.<br> +<br> I believe if water will enable the gunboats to cross the rapids at Alexandria, you will be able to make a quick, strong, and effective blow at our enemy in the West, thus widening the belt of our territory, and making the breach between the Confederate Government -and its outlying trans-Mississippi Department more perfect.<br > -<br > +and its outlying trans-Mississippi Department more perfect.<br> +<br> It is understood that General Steele makes a simultaneous move from Little Rock, on Shreveport or Natchitoches, with a force of about ten thousand men. Banks will have seventeen thousand, and you ten @@ -17145,20 +17152,20 @@ thousand five hundred men of the Sixteenth Corps now with you. Having faith in your sound judgment and experience, I confide this important and delicate command to you, with certainty that you will harmonize perfectly with Admiral Porter and General Banks, with -whom you are to act, and thereby insure success.<br > -<br > -I am, with respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br > -MEMPHIS, March 14, 1864<br > -<br > +whom you are to act, and thereby insure success.<br> +<br> +I am, with respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br> +MEMPHIS, March 14, 1864<br> +<br> Major General McPHERSON, commanding, etc, Vicksburg, -Mississippi<br > -<br > +Mississippi<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: I wrote you at length on the 11th, by a special bearer of dispatches, and now make special orders to cover the movements therein indicated. It was my purpose to await your @@ -17179,29 +17186,29 @@ nothing till A. J. Smith returns from Red River. I will then order him to occupy Grenada temporarily, and to try and get those locomotives that we need here. I may also order him with cavalry and infantry to march toward Tuscaloosa, at the same time that we -move from the Tennessee River about Chattanooga.<br > -<br > +move from the Tennessee River about Chattanooga.<br> +<br> I don't know as yet the grand strategy of the next campaign, but on arrival at Nashville I will soon catch the main points, and will -advise you of them..<br > -<br > +advise you of them..<br> +<br> Steal a furlough and run to Baltimore incog.; but get back in time -to take part in the next grand move.<br > -<br > +to take part in the next grand move.<br> +<br> Write me fully and frequently of your progress. I have ordered the quartermaster to send down as many boats as he can get, to facilitate your movements. Mules, wagons, etc., can come up -afterward by transient boats. I am truly your friend,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[Special Field Order No. 28.]<br > -<br > +afterward by transient boats. I am truly your friend,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[Special Field Order No. 28.]<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE MEMPHIS, March 14, -1864<br > -<br > +1864<br> +<br> 1. Major-General McPherson will organize two good divisions of his corps (Seventeenth) of about five thousand men, each embracing in part the reenlisted veterans of his corps whose furloughs will @@ -17211,51 +17218,51 @@ to the general commanding at department headquarters, wherever they may be. These divisions will be provided with new arms and accoutrements, and land transportation (wagons and mules) out of the supplies now at Vicksburg, which will be conveyed to Cairo by -or before April 15th.<br > -<br > +or before April 15th.<br> +<br> 4. During the absence of General McPherson from the district of Vicksburg, Major-General Hurlbut will exercise command over all the troops in the Department of the Tennessee from Cairo to Natchez, inclusive, and will receive special instructions from department -headquarters.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman:<br > -<br > +headquarters.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman:<br> +<br> L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="Appendix"></a>APPENDIX TO VOLUME I.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>CHICKASAW BAYOU.</h3> </div> -<br > -<br > -<blockquote><br > -<br > -Report of Brigadier-General G. W. Morgan.<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +Report of Brigadier-General G. W. Morgan.<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS THIRD DIVISION, RIGHT WING, THIRTEENTH ARMY CORPS, -STEAMER EMPRESS, January 8, 1868.<br > -<br > -Major J. H. HAMMOND, Chief of Staff:<br > -<br > +STEAMER EMPRESS, January 8, 1868.<br> +<br> +Major J. H. HAMMOND, Chief of Staff:<br> +<br> SIR: On the 1st instant, while pressed by many arduous duties, I was requested to report to the commanding general the operations of my division during the affair of the 27th, the action of the 28th, -and the battle of the 29th ult.<br > -<br > +and the battle of the 29th ult.<br> +<br> I had not received the report of subordinate commanders, nor had I -time to review the report I have the honor to submit.<br > -<br > +time to review the report I have the honor to submit.<br> +<br> Herewith I have the honor to forward these reports, connected with -which I will submit a few remarks.<br > -<br > +which I will submit a few remarks.<br> +<br> Brigadier-General Blair speaks of having discovered, while on his retreat from the enemy's works, a broad and easy road running from the left of my position to the enemy's lines. The road is neither @@ -17273,8 +17280,8 @@ encounter—impassable bayous. The enemy's line of battle was concave, and De Courcey advanced against his centre—hence he sustained a concentric fire, and the withdrawal of Steele from the front of the enemy's right on the 28th ult. enabled the enemy on -the following day to concentrate his right upon his centre.<br > -<br > +the following day to concentrate his right upon his centre.<br> +<br> I regret to find, from the report of Brigadier-General Thayer, some one regiment skulked; this I did not observe, nor is it mentioned by General Blair, though his were the troops which occupied that @@ -17286,8 +17293,8 @@ prisoner. He is an officer of rare merit, and deserves to command a brigade. Lieutenant-Colonel Dieter, commanding the Fifty-eighth Ohio, was killed within the enemy's works; and Lieutenant-Colonel Monroe, Twenty-second Kentucky, was struck down at the head of his -regiment.<br > -<br > +regiment.<br> +<br> I again express my profound acknowledgments to Brigadier-Generals Blair and Thayer, and Colonels De Conrcey, Lindsey, and Sheldon, brigade commanders. Also to Major M. C. Garber, assistant @@ -17296,32 +17303,32 @@ Lieutenant Burdick, acting ordnance officer; Lieutenant Hutchins, acting chief of staff; Lieutenants H. G. Fisher and Smith, of Signal Corps; Lieutenant E. D. Saunders, my acting assistant adjutant-general; and Lieutenants English and Montgomery, acting -aides-de-camp, for the efficient services rendered me.<br > -<br > +aides-de-camp, for the efficient services rendered me.<br> +<br> Nor can I close this report without speaking in terms of high praise of the meritorious and gallant services of Captains Foster and Lamphier. Their batteries silenced several of the enemy's works, and throughout the operations rendered good service. My sincere acknowledgments are also due to Captain Griffith, commanding First Iowa Battery, and Captain Hoffman, commanding -Fourth Ohio Battery.<br > -<br > -I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -GEORGE W. MORGAN, Brigadier-General Volunteers.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -CINCINNATI, February 8, 1876.<br > -<br > +Fourth Ohio Battery.<br> +<br> +I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +GEORGE W. MORGAN, Brigadier-General Volunteers.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +CINCINNATI, February 8, 1876.<br> +<br> MY DEAR GENERAL: Regarding the attack at Chickasaw Bayou, my record shows the position of Steele on the left; Morgan to his right; Morgan L. Smith to his right, and A. J. Smith on the extreme right; the latter not expected to accomplish much more than a diversion, the result to come from the three other divisions, Morgan having the best opportunity. Saturday night they were in position; you -were at Lake's plantation, right and rear of Morgan.<br > -<br > +were at Lake's plantation, right and rear of Morgan.<br> +<br> The attack for lodgment on the hills was ordered for Sunday morning, December 28th. I was sent to A. J. Smith before daylight, and returned to you soon after. You were with Morgan. You had fully @@ -17329,8 +17336,8 @@ explained to him the importance of his success, and that he should be present with the attacking column, which was to be a part of his division, supported by the remainder, and by Blair's brigade of Steele's division cooperating. The attack was to be simultaneous, -by the four divisions, on a signal.<br > -<br > +by the four divisions, on a signal.<br> +<br> Morgan's answer to you was that, when the signal was given, he would lead his attack, and with his life he would be on the bluffs in fifteen minutes. He seemed of positive knowledge, and as sure of @@ -17347,15 +17354,15 @@ criticised Morgan with the failure. You felt from the advance of his attack it must be successful, and, as it pushed forward, you sent me to urge on M. L. Smith, as Morgan was over, and he, Smith, must aid by persistent attack, and give Morgan as good a chance as -could be to make his lodgment....<br > -<br > +could be to make his lodgment....<br> +<br> I am, etc., L. M. DAYTON Late Colonel of the Staff, now of -Cincinnati, Ohio General W. T. SHERMAN, St. Louis, Missouri<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[COPY.]<br > -<br > +Cincinnati, Ohio General W. T. SHERMAN, St. Louis, Missouri<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[COPY.]<br> +<br> " . . . . The expedition was wonderfully well provided with provisions, transportation, and munitions, and even axes, picks, and shovels, so much in use later in the war, evidenced the @@ -17364,8 +17371,8 @@ lower deck construction, proved admirable for transports, but their tinder-box construction made fire-traps of them, requiring unremitting vigilance. These points were well understood, and the readiness with which the troops adapted themselves to circumstances -was a constant source of wonder and congratulations.<br > -<br > +was a constant source of wonder and congratulations.<br> +<br> "The fleet collected at Friar's Point for final orders, and there the order of sailing was laid down with great minuteness, and private instructions issued to commanders of divisions, all of whom @@ -17374,8 +17381,8 @@ personal explanations on pretty much every point involved. Our headquarters boat, the Forest Queen, was not very comfortable, nor well provided, but General Sherman submitted cheerfully, on the grounds of duty, and thought Conway a fine fellow. I was only able -to concede that he was a good steamboat captain....<br > -<br > +to concede that he was a good steamboat captain....<br> +<br> "Our camp appointments were Spartan in the extreme, and in their simplicity would have met the demands of any demagogue in the land. The nights were cold and damp, and General Sherman uncomfortably @@ -17387,8 +17394,8 @@ the Yazoo in ague, fevers, and diseases of the bowels. Cavalry was useless. One battalion of Illinois cavalry was strongly suspected of camping in the timber, until time passed enough to justify the suspicion of having been somewhere. Really the strength of -Vicksburg was in being out of reach of attack....<br > -<br > +Vicksburg was in being out of reach of attack....<br> +<br> "My orders were to learn and report what was going on on the right, particularly to try and form an idea of the enemy's force in front of M. L. Smith's division, and at the sand-bar. Leaving my horse @@ -17600,24 +17607,24 @@ communications had been cut at Holly Springs by the capture of Murphy and his force (at Holly Springs), and that he was either in Memphis by that time or would soon be. So that, everything considered, it was about as well that we did not get our forces on -the bluff's of Walnut Hill."<br > -<br > +the bluff's of Walnut Hill."<br> +<br> The above statement was sent to General Sherman in a letter dated "Chicago, February 5,1876," and signed "John H. Hammond." Hammond was General Sherman's assistant adjutant-general at the Chickasaw -Bayou.<br > -<br > -J. E. TOURTELOTTE, Colonel and Aide-de-Camp.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +Bayou.<br> +<br> +J. E. TOURTELOTTE, Colonel and Aide-de-Camp.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> On 29th December, 1862, at Chickasaw Bayou, I was in command of the Thirty-first Missouri Volunteer Infantry, First Brigade, First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps (Blair's brigade). Colonel Wyman, of the Thirteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, having been killed, I was the senior colonel of the brigade. General Blair rode up to -where my regiment lay, and said to me:<br > -<br > +where my regiment lay, and said to me:<br> +<br> "We are to make a charge here; we will charge in two lines; your regiment will be in the first line, and the Twenty-ninth (Cavender's) will support you. Form here in the timber, and move @@ -17687,45 +17694,45 @@ to afford us the support he had promised; that he and General Sherman and all of them were misled by the statements and opinions of Morgan as to the situation in our front, and Morgan was, on his part, deceived by the reports of his scouts about other matters as -well as the matter of the water in the bayou.<br > -<br > +well as the matter of the water in the bayou.<br> +<br> THOMAS C. FLETCHER</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>ARKANSAS POST.</h3> </div> -<br > -<br > -<blockquote><br > -<br > -Extracts from Admiral Porter's Journal.<br > -<br > -Sherman and I had made arrangements to capture Arkansas Post.<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +Extracts from Admiral Porter's Journal.<br> +<br> +Sherman and I had made arrangements to capture Arkansas Post.<br> +<br> On the 31st of December, while preparing to go out of the Yazoo, an army officer called to see me, and said that he belonged to General McClernand's staff, and that the general was at the mouth of the Yazoo River, and desired to see me at once. I sent word to the general that if he wished to see me he could have an opportunity by -calling on board my flag-ship.<br > -<br > +calling on board my flag-ship.<br> +<br> A few moments after I had heard the news of McClernand'a arrival, I saw Sherman pulling about in a boat, and hailed him, informing him that McClernand was at the mouth of the Yazoo. Sherman then came on board, and, in consequence of this unexpected news, determined to postpone the movement out of the Yazoo River, and let McClernand -take that upon himself.<br > -<br > +take that upon himself.<br> +<br> General McClernand took my hint and came on board the flag-ship, but I soon discovered that any admiral, Grant, Sherman, or all the generals in the army, were nobody in his estimation. Sherman had been at McClernand's headquarters to see him and state the condition of affairs, and he then suggested to the latter the plan -of going to Arkansas Post.<br > -<br > +of going to Arkansas Post.<br> +<br> I had a number of fine maps hanging up in my cabin, and when McClernand came on board he examined them all with the eye of a connoisseur. He then stated to me as a new thing the plan he @@ -17749,23 +17756,23 @@ beckoned me to come there, while McClernand was apparently deeply engaged in studying out a chart, making believe he was interested, in order to conceal his temper. Sherman said to me: "Admiral, how could you make such a remark to McClernand? He hates me already, -and you have made him an enemy for life."<br > -<br > +and you have made him an enemy for life."<br> +<br> "I don't care," said I; "he shall not treat you rudely in my cabin, and I was glad of the opportunity of letting him know my sentiments." By this time, General McClernand having bottled up his wrath, or cooled down, I went in to him and we discussed the matter. He consented that Sherman should go in command of the -troops, and the interview ended pleasantly enough.<br > -<br > +troops, and the interview ended pleasantly enough.<br> +<br> The above extracts from Admiral Porter's journal were sent by the admiral to General Sherman, inclosed in a letter dated "Washington, -May 29, 1875," and signed "David D. Porter."<br > -<br > -J. E. TOURTELOTTE.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +May 29, 1875," and signed "David D. Porter."<br> +<br> +J. E. TOURTELOTTE.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> After leaving the Yazoo, the Army of the Mississippi rendezvous was at Milliken's Bend. During the night of January 4th or 5th, General McClernand came on board the Forest Queen, and with General Sherman @@ -17775,14 +17782,14 @@ Sherman having asked leave to take the post, and Admiral Porter having decided to go along, McClernand thought best to go with his entire army, although the enemy were supposed to have only about four or five thousand men, and the fort was little more than a -large earthwork commanding the river.<br > -<br > +large earthwork commanding the river.<br> +<br> General Sherman's command was then entitled the Second Corps, Army of the Mississippi, and was comprised of the First Division, Blair's, Hovey's, and Thayer's brigades, commanded by Steele; and the Second Division, commanded by David Stuart, with Colonels Giles -A. and Kilby Smith commanding brigades.<br > -<br > +A. and Kilby Smith commanding brigades.<br> +<br> Our fleet was convoyed by three ironclads and several other gunboats. The weather was bitterly cold for that latitude; we were four days getting into the Arkansas River, which we entered by the @@ -17833,8 +17840,8 @@ report movements; but from that point there was very little to be seen. Between ten and eleven o'clock the fire opened from the fleet, and we opened along the whole line from infantry and field-guns. Our men soon worked in close enough to keep down the -fire of the enemy to a very marked degree.<br > -<br > +fire of the enemy to a very marked degree.<br> +<br> After reporting to General Sherman, and while explaining the position of the fleet, the smoke-stacks and flags appeared above the fort. What firing was going on in our immediate front ceased. A @@ -17903,8 +17910,8 @@ hearing several rebel officers speak of their guns being still loaded. It was dark before all the prisoners were collected and under guard, including the regiment that arrived after the fight. I am confident that all the prisoners were under guard by General -Sherman's troops.<br > -<br > +Sherman's troops.<br> +<br> Everything being secure, the staff-officers, all of whom had been busily engaged, scattered to compare notes and enjoy the victory. I found my way onboard the Tigress, where every one was greatly @@ -17924,8 +17931,8 @@ were sent to St. Louis, in charge of our inspector-general, Major Sanger. Our loss was less than one hundred. The enemy, although behind intrenchments, lost more than double what we did. Their wounded were much worse hurt than ours, who were mostly hit around -the head and arms.<br > -<br > +the head and arms.<br> +<br> The losses were nearly all in General Sherman's wing of the army. The loss in the fleet amounted to little, but their service was very valuable, and deserved great credit, though they received @@ -17937,24 +17944,24 @@ in an hour after we opened on it. Their missiles traversed the whole fortification, clear through to the hospitals at the upper end, and I stood five minutes in rifle-range of the fort next the river—not hit, and but seldom shot at, and no one hit near -me.<br > -<br > +me.<br> +<br> On the 18th we embarked, in a snow-storm; collected at Napoleon, which seemed to be washing away; and steamed to Milliken's Bend, were we arrived on January 21st, and soon after went to Young's -plantation, near Vicksburg.<br > -<br > +plantation, near Vicksburg.<br> +<br> The above statement from General Hammond was received by General Sherman, inclosed in a letter dated "Chicago, February 5, 1876" and signed "John H. Hammond," who was adjutant-general to General -Sherman during the winter of 1862-'83.<br > -<br > -J. E. TOURTELLOTTE<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -CINCINNATI, February 3, 1876<br > -<br > +Sherman during the winter of 1862-'83.<br> +<br> +J. E. TOURTELLOTTE<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +CINCINNATI, February 3, 1876<br> +<br> MY DEAR GENERAL: At Arkansas Post the troops debarked from steamer January 9th, from one o'clock to dark, in the vicinity of Notrib's farm, and on the 10th moved out to get position; Steele to the @@ -17962,7 +17969,7 @@ right, crossing the low ground to the north, to get a higher ground, avoid crowding the moving columns, and gain the left (our right) and rear of the "post," and the river-bank above the post. Stuart took the river-road the movement commencing at 11 o'clock -a.m.. After crossing the low ground covered with water, you were +A.M.. After crossing the low ground covered with water, you were called back with Steele, as Stuart had driven out the enemy's rifle-trench pickets, this giving more and feasible room for moving. Stuart was pushed forward, and by dark he and Steele were @@ -17995,8 +18002,8 @@ staff, at his request, go with me, I rode directly down the road with only an orderly. Colonel Garland, commanding a brigade, was the first officer I saw, to whom, for you, I made the demand. All firing ceased at once, or in a few moments. I sent the orderly back -to you, and you rode forward. It was then four o'clock.<br > -<br > +to you, and you rode forward. It was then four o'clock.<br> +<br> During the attack, nobody seemed to think McClernand had any clear idea of what or how it was to be done. During the day he gave you no directions, nor came where you were; he was well to the rear, @@ -18004,58 +18011,58 @@ with his "man up a tree," who in the capacity of a lookout gave McClernand information, from which he based such instructions as he made to his subordinates. He was free to express himself as being a man of "destiny," and his "star" was in the ascendance. I am, -etc.,<br > -<br > +etc.,<br> +<br> L. M. DAYTON, late Colonel of the Staff, now of Cincinnati, -Ohio.<br > -<br > +Ohio.<br> +<br> General W. T. SHERMAN.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>MERIDIAN CAMPAIGN.</h3> </div> -<br > -<br > -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Field Orders, No. 11.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br > -MEMPHIS, January 27, 1864<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Field Orders, No. 11.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br> +MEMPHIS, January 27, 1864<br> +<br> V. The expedition is one of celerity, and all things must tend to that. Corps commanders and staff-officers will see that our movements are not encumbered by wheeled vehicles improperly loaded. Not a tent, from the commander-in-chief down, will be carried. The sick will be left behind, and the surgeons can find houses and -sheds for all hospital purposes.<br > -<br > +sheds for all hospital purposes.<br> +<br> VI. All the cavalry in this department is placed under the orders and command of Brigadier-General W. S. Smith, who will receive -special instructions.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. SHERMAN<br > -<br > -L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.<br > -<br > +special instructions.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. SHERMAN<br> +<br> +L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.<br> +<br> NOTE.-That same evening I started in a steamboat for -Vicksburg.<br > -W. T. S.<br > -St. Louis, 1885.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br > -MEMPHIS, January 27, 1864<br > -<br > +Vicksburg.<br> +W. T. S.<br> +St. Louis, 1885.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE<br> +MEMPHIS, January 27, 1864<br> +<br> Brigadier-General W. S. SMITH, commanding Cavalry, etc., -present.<br > -<br > +present.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: By an order issued this day I have placed all the cavalry of this department subject to your command. I estimate you can make a force of full seven thousand men, which I believe to be @@ -18099,17 +18106,17 @@ communicate with me by scouts and spies from the time you reach Pontotoc. Avoid any large force of infantry, leaving them to me. We have talked over this matter so much that the above covers all points not provided for in my published orders of to-day. I am, -etc.,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Mayor-General, commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, January 27, 1864.<br > -<br > +etc.,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Mayor-General, commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, January 27, 1864.<br> +<br> Brigadier-General J. P. HATCH, in charge of Cavalry Bureau, St. -Louis, Missouri.<br > -<br > +Louis, Missouri.<br> +<br> SIR: Your favor of the 21st inst. is just received. Up to the present time eight hundred and eighteen horses have arrived here since Captain Hudson's visit to St. Louis. I wrote you upon his @@ -18123,56 +18130,56 @@ mount all the dismounted cavalry of this department. Recruits for cavalry regiments are arriving freely, and this will swell our requisitions for a couple of months to come. I will as far as possible procure horses from the regions of country traversed by -our cavalry.<br > -<br > -Yours truly, W. SOOY SMITH, Brigadier-General,<br > -<br > -Chief of Cavalry, Military Division of the Mississippi.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, January 28, 1864<br > -<br > +our cavalry.<br> +<br> +Yours truly, W. SOOY SMITH, Brigadier-General,<br> +<br> +Chief of Cavalry, Military Division of the Mississippi.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, January 28, 1864<br> +<br> Brigadier-General GEORGE CROOK, commanding Second Cavalry Division, -Huntsville, Alabama.<br > -<br > +Huntsville, Alabama.<br> +<br> I start in about three days with seven, thousand men to Meridian -via Pontotoc. Demonstrate on Decatur, to hold Roddy.<br > -<br > +via Pontotoc. Demonstrate on Decatur, to hold Roddy.<br> +<br> W. SOOY SMITH, Brigadier-General, Chief of Cavalry, Military -Division of the Mississippi.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -MAYWOOD, ILLINOIS, July 9,1875<br > +Division of the Mississippi.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +MAYWOOD, ILLINOIS, July 9,1875<br> General W. T. SHERMAN, Commander-in-Chief, United States -Army.<br > -<br > -SIR: Your letter of July 7th is just received.<br > -<br > +Army.<br> +<br> +SIR: Your letter of July 7th is just received.<br> +<br> Your entire statement in the "Memoirs" concerning my part in the -Meridian campaign is incorrect.<br > -<br > +Meridian campaign is incorrect.<br> +<br> You overstate my strength, placing it at seven thousand effective, when it was but six. The nominal strength of my command was seven -thousand.<br > -<br > +thousand.<br> +<br> You understate the strength of my enemy, putting Forrest's force at four thousand. On our return to Nashville, you stated it, in General Grant's presence, to have been but twenty-five hundred. Before and during my movement I positively knew Forrest's strength -to be full six thousand, and he has since told me so himself.<br > -<br > +to be full six thousand, and he has since told me so himself.<br> +<br> Instead of delaying from the 1st to the 11th of February for "some regiment that was ice-bound near Columbus, Kentucky," it was an entire brigade, Colonel Waring's, without which your orders to me were peremptory not to move. I asked you if I should wait its arrival, and you answered: "Certainly; if you go without it, you will be, too weak, and I want you strong enough to go where you -please."<br > -<br > +please."<br> +<br> The time set for our arrival at Meridian, the 10th of February, had arrived before it was possible for me, under your orders, to move from Memphis, and I would have been entirely justifiable if I had @@ -18222,17 +18229,17 @@ manner "fight our battles o'er again," and endeavor to convince you that you have always been mistaken as to the manner in which my part in the "Meridian campaign" was performed. But I will never rest until the wrong statements regarding it are fully and fairly -corrected. Yours truly,<br > -<br > -WILLIAM SOOY SMITH<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -St. Louis, Missouri, July 11, 1875.<br > -<br > -General J. D. WEBSTER, Chicago, Illinois<br > -<br > +corrected. Yours truly,<br> +<br> +WILLIAM SOOY SMITH<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +St. Louis, Missouri, July 11, 1875.<br> +<br> +General J. D. WEBSTER, Chicago, Illinois<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: General W. Sooy Smith feels aggrieved and wronged by my account of his part in the Meridian campaign, in my "Memoirs," pages 394, 395, and properly appeals to me for correction. I have @@ -18245,21 +18252,21 @@ February 10th was the reason for other movements distant from him. I now offer him, what seems to me fair and liberal, that we submit the points at issue to you as arbitrator. You are familiar with the ground, the coincident history, and most, if not all, the -parties.<br > -<br > -I propose to supply you with<br > -<br > +parties.<br> +<br> +I propose to supply you with<br> +<br> 1. Copy of my orders placing all the cavalry under General Smith's -orders (with returns).<br > -<br > -2. My letter of instructions to him of January 27th.<br > -<br > +orders (with returns).<br> +<br> +2. My letter of instructions to him of January 27th.<br> +<br> 3. My official report of the campaign, dated Vicksburg, March 7, -1864.<br > -<br > +1864.<br> +<br> 4. General W. Sooy Smith's report of his operations, dated -Nashville, Tennessee, March 4, 1864.<br > -<br > +Nashville, Tennessee, March 4, 1864.<br> +<br> After reading these, I further propose that you address us questions which we will answer in writing, when you are to make us a concise, written decision, which I will have published in close @@ -18268,31 +18275,31 @@ show you my letter to him of this date, and also deliver this with his written assent, I will promptly furnish you the above documents, and also procure from the official files a return of the cavalry force available at and near Memphis on the date of my -orders, viz., January 27, 1864.<br > -<br > -With great respect, your friend and servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, General.<br > -<br > +orders, viz., January 27, 1864.<br> +<br> +With great respect, your friend and servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, General.<br> +<br> NOTE:—General Smith never submitted his case to the arbitration offered. The whole will be made clear by the publication of the official records, which are already in print, though not yet issued. His orders were in writing, and I have no recollection of the "peremptory" verbal orders to which he refers, -and quotes as from me.<br > -<br > -ST. Louis, Missouri, 1895. W. T. S.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -MAYWOOD, ILLINOIS, July 14, 1875.<br > -<br > -General W. T. SHERMAN, Commander-in-Chief, etc.<br > -<br > +and quotes as from me.<br> +<br> +ST. Louis, Missouri, 1895. W. T. S.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +MAYWOOD, ILLINOIS, July 14, 1875.<br> +<br> +General W. T. SHERMAN, Commander-in-Chief, etc.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: Your letter of the 11th of July reaches me just as I am starting to spend the first vacation I have ever allowed myself -—in the Territories, with my wife and son.<br > -<br > +—in the Territories, with my wife and son.<br> +<br> It indicates a spirit of fairness from which we have better things than an arbitration to hope for. Though, if we should reach such a necessity, there is no one living to whom our differences might @@ -18300,8 +18307,8 @@ more properly be referred than to General Webster. I make no objection to your writing your "Memoirs," and, as long as they refer to your own conduct, you are at liberty to write them as you like; but, when they refer to mine, and deal unjustly with my -reputation, I, of right, object.<br > -<br > +reputation, I, of right, object.<br> +<br> Neither do I wish to write my "Memoirs," unless compelled to do so to vindicate my good name. There were certain commands which were to make up mine. These, Waring's brigade included, were spoken of @@ -18311,8 +18318,8 @@ Memphis. I asked you if I should move without it if it did not arrive, and you answered me as stated in my last letter to you. Those who immediately surrounded me during the painful delay that occurred will inform you how sorely I chafed under the restraint of -that peremptory order.<br > -<br > +that peremptory order.<br> +<br> In the conversation that occurred between us at Nashville, while all the orders, written and verbal, were still fresh in your memory, you did not censure me for waiting for Waring, but for @@ -18325,45 +18332,45 @@ come into our lines, and to seek our protection wherever they could find it, and I considered ourselves pledged to receive and protect them. Your censure for so doing, and your remarks on that subject to me in Nashville, are still fresh in my memory, and of a -character which you would now doubtless gladly disavow.<br > -<br > +character which you would now doubtless gladly disavow.<br> +<br> But we must meet and talk the whole matter over, and I will be at -any trouble to see you when I return.<br > -<br > +any trouble to see you when I return.<br> +<br> Meantime I will not let go the hope that I will convince you absolutely of your error, for the facts are entirely on my side. -Yours truly,<br > -<br > +Yours truly,<br> +<br> WILLIAM SOOY SMITH</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <hr > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> -<h1>MEMOIRS OF<br > +<h1>MEMOIRS OF<br> GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMAN.</h1> </div> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <h2>VOLUME II.</h2> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch16"></a>CHAPTER XVI.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>ATLANTA CAMPAIGN-NASHVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA TO BENEBAW.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>MARCH, APRIL, AND MAY, 1864.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>On the 18th day of March, 1864, at Nashville, Tennessee, I relieved Lieutenant-General Grant in command of the Military Division of the Mississippi, embracing the Departments of the Ohio, @@ -18421,7 +18428,7 @@ that he would notify me from Washington, I could not with propriety press the matter, but if General Buell should be assigned to me specifically I was prepared to assign him to command all the troops on the Mississippi River from Cairo to Natchez, comprising about -three divisions, or the equivalent of a corps d'armee. General +three divisions, or the equivalent of a corps d'armée. General Grant never afterward communicated to me on the subject at all; and I inferred that Mr. Stanton, who was notoriously vindictive in his prejudices, would not consent to the employment of these high @@ -18646,15 +18653,15 @@ inspector-generals, John M. Corse, to take a fleet steamboat at Nashville, proceed via Cairo, Memphis, and Vicksburg, to General Banks up the Red River, and to deliver the following letter of April 3d, as also others, of like tenor, to Generals A. J. Smith -and Fred Steele, who were supposed to be with him:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, April 3, 1864<br > -<br > +and Fred Steele, who were supposed to be with him:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, April 3, 1864<br> +<br> Major-General N. P. BANKS, commanding Department of the Gulf, Red -River.<br > -<br > +River.<br> +<br> GENERAL: The thirty days for which I loaned you the command of General A. J. Smith will expire on the 10th instant. I send with this Brigadier-General J. M. Corse, to carry orders to General A. @@ -18673,29 +18680,29 @@ across to Decatur, Alabama. You will see that he has a big job, and therefore should start at once. From all that I can learn, my troops reached Alexandria, Louisiana, at the time agreed on, viz., March 17th, and I hear of them at Natchitoches, but cannot hear of -your troops being above Opelousas.<br > -<br > +your troops being above Opelousas.<br> +<br> Steele is also moving. I leave Steele's entire force to cooperate with you and the navy, but, as I before stated, I must have A. T. -Smith's troops now as soon as possible.<br > -<br > +Smith's troops now as soon as possible.<br> +<br> I beg you will expedite their return to Vicksburg, if they have not already started, and I want them if possible to remain in the same boats they have used up Red River, as it will save the time -otherwise consumed in transfer to other boats.<br > -<br > +otherwise consumed in transfer to other boats.<br> +<br> All is well in this quarter, and I hope by the time you turn against Mobile our forces will again act toward the same end, though from distant points. General Grant, now having lawful control, will doubtless see that all minor objects are disregarded, -and that all the armies act on a common plan.<br > -<br > +and that all the armies act on a common plan.<br> +<br> Hoping, when this reaches you, that you will be in possession of -Shreveport, I am, with great respect, etc.,<br > -<br > +Shreveport, I am, with great respect, etc.,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Rumors were reaching us thick and fast of defeat and disaster in that quarter; and I feared then, what afterward actually happened, that neither General Banks nor Admiral Porter could or would spare @@ -18866,7 +18873,7 @@ active correspondence with Generals Grant, Halleck, Thomas, McPherson, and Schofield on thousands of matters of detail and arrangement, most of which are embraced in my testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, vol. i., Appendix.</p> -<p>When the time for action approached, viz., May 1,1864, the +<p>When the time for action approached, viz., May 1, 1864, the actual armies prepared to move into Georgia resulted as follows, present for battle:</p> <div style="text-align: center"> @@ -18901,15 +18908,15 @@ present for battle:</p> </tr> </table> </div> -<br > +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Portrait_Thomas"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="Portrait Thomas.jpg (36K)" src= -"images/PortraitThomas.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +"images/PortraitThomas.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <table> <tr> @@ -18941,15 +18948,15 @@ present for battle:</p> </tr> </table> </div> -<br > +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Portrait_McPherson"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="Portrait McPherson.jpg (32K)" -src="images/PortraitMcPherson.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +src="images/PortraitMcPherson.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <table> <tr> @@ -18993,13 +19000,13 @@ src="images/PortraitMcPherson.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> </tr> </table> </div> -<br > +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Portrait_Schofield"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt="Portrait Schofield.jpg (41K)" -src="images/PortraitSchofield.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +src="images/PortraitSchofield.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>These figures do not embrace the cavalry divisions which were still incomplete, viz., of General Stoneman, at Lexington, Kentucky, and of General Garrard, at Columbia, Tennessee, who were @@ -19027,7 +19034,7 @@ divisions, which ought to be ready by the 1st of May. General Blair, with these two divisions, constituting the Seventeenth Army Corps, did not actually overtake us until we reached Acworth and Big Shanty, in Georgia, about the 9th of June, 1864.</p> -<p>In my letter of April 4th to General John A. Rawains, chief of +<p>In my letter of April 4th to General John A. Rawlins, chief of staff to General Grant at Washington, I described at length all the preparations that were in progress for the active campaign thus contemplated, and therein estimated Schofield at twelve thousand, @@ -19065,24 +19072,24 @@ assist General Lee in Virginia; General Grant undertaking in like manner to keep Lee so busy that he could not respond to any calls of help by Johnston. Neither Atlanta, nor Augusta, nor Savannah, was the objective, but the "army of Jos. Johnston," go where it -might.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.]<br > -<br > +might.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.]<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES WASHINGTON D. C., April 4, -1864.<br > -<br > +1864.<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: It is my design, if the enemy keep quiet and allow me to take the initiative in the spring campaign, to work all parts of the army together, and somewhat toward a common centre. For your information I now write you my programme, as at present determined -upon.<br > -<br > +upon.<br> +<br> I have sent orders to Banks, by private messenger, to finish up his present expedition against Shreveport with all dispatch; to turn over the defense of Red River to General Steels and the navy, and @@ -19093,8 +19100,8 @@ the Mississippi to the lowest number necessary to hold it, and to collect from his command not less than twenty-five thousand men. To this I will add five thousand from Missouri. With this force he is to commence operations against Mobile as soon as he can. It will be -impossible for him to commence too early.<br > -<br > +impossible for him to commence too early.<br> +<br> Gillmore joins Butler with ten thousand men, and the two operate against Richmond from the south aide of James River. This will give Butler thirty-three thousand men to operate with, W. F. Smith @@ -19102,28 +19109,28 @@ commanding the right wing of his forces, and Gillmore the left wing. I will stay with the Army of the Potomac, increased by Burnside's corps of not less than twenty-five thousand effective men, and operate directly against Lee's army, wherever it may be -found.<br > -<br > +found.<br> +<br> Sigel collects all his available force in two columns, one, under Ord and Averill, to start from Beverly, Virginia, and the other, under Crook, to start from Charleston, on the Kanawha, to move -against the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad.<br > -<br > +against the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad.<br> +<br> Crook will have all cavalry, and will endeavor to get in about Saltville, and move east from there to join Ord. His force will be all cavalry, while Ord will have from ten to twelve thousand men of -all arms.<br > -<br > +all arms.<br> +<br> You I propose to move against Johnston's army, to break it up, and to get into the interior of the enemy's country as far as you can, inflicting all the damage you can against their war -resources.<br > -<br > +resources.<br> +<br> I do not propose to lay down for you a plan of campaign, but simply to lay down the work it is desirable to have done, and leave you free to execute it in your own way. Submit to me, however, as early -as you can, your plan of operations.<br > -<br > +as you can, your plan of operations.<br> +<br> As stated, Banks is ordered to commence operations as soon as he can. Gillmore is ordered to report at Fortress Monroe by the 18th inst., or as soon thereafter as practicable. Sigel is concentrating @@ -19132,8 +19139,8 @@ except Banks. I want to be ready to move by the 25th inst., if possible; but all I can now direct is that you get ready as soon as possible. I know you will have difficulties to encounter in getting through the mountains to where supplies are abundant, but I believe -you will accomplish it.<br > -<br > +you will accomplish it.<br> +<br> From the expedition from the Department of West Virginia I do not calculate on very great results; but it is the only way I can take troops from there. With the long line of railroad Sigel has to @@ -19141,24 +19148,24 @@ protect, he can spare no troops, except to move directly to his front. In this way he must get through to inflict great damage on the enemy, or the enemy must detach from one of his armies a large force to prevent it. In other words, if Sigel can't skin himself, -he can hold a leg while some one else skins.<br > -<br > +he can hold a leg while some one else skins.<br> +<br> I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. -GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI NASHVILLE, -TENNESSEE, April 10, 1864<br > -<br > +TENNESSEE, April 10, 1864<br> +<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, Commander-in-Chief, Washington, -D.<br > -<br > +D.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: Your two letters of April 4th are now before me, and afford me infinite satisfaction. That we are now all to act on a common plan, converging on a common centre, looks like enlightened -war.<br > -<br > +war.<br> +<br> Like yourself, you take the biggest load, and from me you shall have thorough and hearty cooperation. I will not let side issues draw me off from your main plans in which I am to knock Jos. @@ -19168,17 +19175,17 @@ Colonel Comstock (of your staff) somewhat of the method in which I propose to act. I have seen all my army, corps, and division commanders, and have signified only to the former, viz., Schofield, Thomas, and McPherson, our general plans, which I inferred from the -purport of our conversation here and at Cincinnati.<br > -<br > +purport of our conversation here and at Cincinnati.<br> +<br> First, I am pushing stores to the front with all possible dispatch, and am completing the army organization according to the orders -from Washington, which are ample and perfectly satisfactory.<br > -<br > +from Washington, which are ample and perfectly satisfactory.<br> +<br> It will take us all of April to get in our furloughed veterans, to bring up A. J. Smith's command, and to collect provisions and cattle on the line of the Tennessee. Each of the armies will guard, -by detachments of its own, its rear communications.<br > -<br > +by detachments of its own, its rear communications.<br> +<br> At the signal to be given by you, Schofield, leaving a select garrison at Knoxville and London, with twelve thousand men will drop down to the Hiawassee, and march against Johnston's right by @@ -19186,21 +19193,21 @@ the old Federal road. Stoneman, now in Kentucky, organizing the cavalry forces of the Army of the Ohio, will operate with Schofield on his left front—it may be, pushing a select body of about two thousand cavalry by Ducktown or Elijah toward Athens, -Georgia.<br > -<br > +Georgia.<br> +<br> Thomas will aim to have forty-five thousand men of all arms, and move straight against Johnston, wherever he may be, fighting him cautiously, persistently, and to the best advantage. He will have -two divisions of cavalry, to take advantage of any offering.<br > -<br > +two divisions of cavalry, to take advantage of any offering.<br> +<br> McPherson will have nine divisions of the Army of the Tennessee, if A. J. Smith gets here, in which case he will have full thirty thousand of the best men in America. He will cross the Tennessee at Decatur and Whitesburg, march toward Rome, and feel for Thomas. If Johnston falls behind the Coosa, then McPherson will push for Rome; and if Johnston falls behind the Chattahoochee, as I believe he -will, then McPherson will cross over and join Thomas.<br > -<br > +will, then McPherson will cross over and join Thomas.<br> +<br> McPherson has no cavalry, but I have taken one of Thomas's divisions, viz., Garrard's, six thousand strong, which is now at Colombia, mounting, equipping, and preparing. I design this @@ -19213,17 +19220,17 @@ between Montgomery and Georgia. If Garrard can do this work well, he can return to the Union army; but should a superior force interpose, then he will seek safety at Pensacola and join Banks, or, after rest, will act against any force that he can find east of -Mobile, till such time as he can reach me.<br > -<br > +Mobile, till such time as he can reach me.<br> +<br> Should Johnston fall behind the Chattahoochee, I will feign to the right, but pass to the left and act against Atlanta or its eastern -communications, according to developed facts.<br > -<br > +communications, according to developed facts.<br> +<br> This is about as far ahead as I feel disposed, to look, but I will ever bear in mind that Johnston is at all times to be kept so busy that he cannot in any event send any part of his command against -you or Banks.<br > -<br > +you or Banks.<br> +<br> If Banks can at the same time carry Mobile and open up the Alabama River, he will in a measure solve the most difficult part of my problem, viz., "provisions." But in that I must venture. Georgia @@ -19234,30 +19241,30 @@ will feel perfectly justified in taking whatever and wherever we can find. I will inspire my command, if successful, with the feeling that beef and salt are all that is absolutely necessary to life, and that parched corn once fed General Jackson's army on that -very ground. As ever, your friend and servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +very ground. As ever, your friend and servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES CULPEPPER COURT HOUSE, -VIRGINIA, April 19, 1864.<br > -<br > +VIRGINIA, April 19, 1864.<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Since my letter to you of April 4th I have seen no reason to change any portion of the general plan of campaign, if the enemy remain still and allow us to take the initiative. Rain has continued so uninterruptedly until the last day or two that it will be impossible to move, however, before the 27th, even if no more should fall in the meantime. I think Saturday, the 30th, will -probably be the day for our general move.<br > -<br > +probably be the day for our general move.<br> +<br> Colonel Comstock, who will take this, can spend a day with you, and fill up many little gaps of information not given in any of my -letters.<br > -<br > +letters.<br> +<br> What I now want more particularly to say is, that if the two main attacks, yours and the one from here, should promise great success, the enemy may, in a fit of desperation, abandon one part of their @@ -19267,39 +19274,39 @@ better than a defeat all along their line, and hoping too, at the same time, that the army, meeting with no resistance, will rest perfectly satisfied with their laurels, having penetrated to a given point south, thereby enabling them to throw their force first -upon one and then on the other.<br > -<br > -With the majority of military commanders they might do this.<br > -<br > +upon one and then on the other.<br> +<br> +With the majority of military commanders they might do this.<br> +<br> But you have had too much experience in traveling light, and subsisting upon the country, to be caught by any such ruse. I hope my experience has not been thrown away. My directions, then, would be, if the enemy in your front show signs of joining Lee, follow him up to the full extent of your ability. I will prevent the concentration of Lee upon your front, if it is in the power of this -army to do it.<br > -<br > +army to do it.<br> +<br> The Army of the Potomac looks well, and, so far as I can judge, -officers and men feel well. Yours truly,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +officers and men feel well. Yours truly,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI NASHVILLE, -TENNESSEE, April 24, 1864<br > -<br > +TENNESSEE, April 24, 1864<br> +<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, Commander-in-Chief, Culpepper, -Virginia<br > -<br > +Virginia<br> +<br> GENERAL: I now have, at the hands of Colonel Comstock, of your staff, the letter of April 19th, and am as far prepared to assume the offensive as possible. I only ask as much time as you think proper, to enable me to get up McPherson's two divisions from Cairo. Their furloughs will expire about this time, and some of them should now be in motion for Clifton, whence they will march to -Decatur, to join General Dodge.<br > -<br > +Decatur, to join General Dodge.<br> +<br> McPherson is ordered to assemble the Fifteenth Corps near Larkin's, and to get the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Corps (Dodge and Blair) at Decatur at the earliest possible moment. From these two points he @@ -19316,8 +19323,8 @@ Johnston attempt to leave Dalton, Thomas will have force enough to push on through Dalton to Kingston, which will checkmate him. My own opinion is that Johnston will be compelled to hang to his railroad, the only possible avenue of supply to his army, estimated -at from forty-five to sixty thousand men.<br > -<br > +at from forty-five to sixty thousand men.<br> +<br> At Lafayette all our armies will be together, and if Johnston stands at Dalton we must attack him in position. Thomas feels certain that he has no material increase of force, and that he has @@ -19327,25 +19334,25 @@ daily. When I got here, the average was from sixty-five to eighty per day. Yesterday the report was one hundred and ninety-three; to-day, one hundred and thirty-four; and my estimate is that one hundred and forty-five cars per day will give us a day's supply and -a day's accumulation.<br > -<br > +a day's accumulation.<br> +<br> McPherson is ordered to carry in wagons twenty day's rations, and to rely on the depot at Ringgold for the renewal of his bread. Beeves are now being driven on the hoof to the front; and the commissary, Colonel Beckwith, seems fully alive to the importance -of the whole matter.<br > -<br > +of the whole matter.<br> +<br> Our weakest point will be from the direction of Decatur, and I will be forced to risk something from that quarter, depending on the fact that the enemy has no force available with which to threaten -our communications from that direction.<br > -<br > +our communications from that direction.<br> +<br> Colonel Comstock will explain to you personally much that I cannot -commit to paper. I am, with great respect,<br > -<br > +commit to paper. I am, with great respect,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 28th of April I removed my headquarters to Chattanooga, and prepared for taking the field in person. General Grant had first indicated the 30th of April as the day for the simultaneous @@ -19419,17 +19426,17 @@ first appearance of "let go," and, if possible, to catch our enemy in the confusion of retreat.</p> <p>All the movements of the 7th and 8th were made exactly as ordered, and the enemy seemed quiescent, acting purely on the -defensive.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +defensive.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Atlanta_1"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Atlanta 1.jpg (171K)" src="images/Atlanta1.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Atlanta 1.jpg (171K)" src="images/Atlanta1.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Atlanta1.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt= -"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>I had constant communication with all parts of the army, and on the 9th McPherson's head of column entered and passed through Snake Creek, perfectly undefended, and accomplished a complete surprise @@ -19449,70 +19456,70 @@ found Resaca too strong for a surprise; that in consequence he had fallen back three miles to the month of Snake Creek Gap, and was there fortified. I wrote him the next day the following letters, copies of which are in my letter-book; but his to me were mere -notes in pencil, not retained.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +notes in pencil, not retained.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, -TUNNEL HILL, GEORGIA, May 11, 1864<br > -<br > +TUNNEL HILL, GEORGIA, May 11, 1864<br> +<br> Major-General McPHERSON, commanding army of the Tennessee, Sugar -Valley, Georgia.<br > -<br > +Valley, Georgia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I received by courier (in the night) yours of 5 and 8.30 -P. M. of yesterday.<br > -<br > +P. M. of yesterday.<br> +<br> You now have your twenty-three thousand men, and General Hooker is in close support, so that you can hold all of Jos. Johnston's army in check should he abandon Dalton. He cannot afford to abandon Dalton, for he has fixed it up on purpose to receive us, and he observes that we are close at hand, waiting for him to quit. He cannot afford a detachment strong enough to fight you, as his army -will not admit of it.<br > -<br > +will not admit of it.<br> +<br> Strengthen your position; fight any thing that comes; and threaten the safety of the railroad all the time. But, to tell the truth, I would rather the enemy would stay in Dalton two more days, when he may find in his rear a larger party than he expects in an open field. At all events, we can then choose our own ground, and he will be forced to move out of his works. I do not intend to put a -column into Buzzard-Roost Gap at present.<br > -<br > +column into Buzzard-Roost Gap at present.<br> +<br> See that you are in easy communication with me and with all head-quarters. After to-day the supplies will be at Ringgold. -Yours, W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +Yours, W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, -TUNNEL HILL, GEORGIA, May 11, 1864-Evening<br > -<br > +TUNNEL HILL, GEORGIA, May 11, 1864-Evening<br> +<br> Major-General McPHERSON, commanding army of the Tennessee, Sugar -Valley, Georgia<br > -<br > +Valley, Georgia<br> +<br> GENERAL: The indications are that Johnston is evacuating Dalton. In that event, Howard's corps and the cavalry will pursue; all the rest will follow your route. I will be down early in the -morning.<br > -<br > -Try to strike him if possible about the forks of the road.<br > -<br > +morning.<br> +<br> +Try to strike him if possible about the forks of the road.<br> +<br> Hooker must be with you now, and you may send General Garrard by Summerville to threaten Rome and that flank. I will cause all the -lines to be felt at once.<br > -<br > +lines to be felt at once.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, major-general commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Atlanta_2"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Atlanta 2.jpg (163K)" src="images/Atlanta2.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Atlanta 2.jpg (163K)" src="images/Atlanta2.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Atlanta2.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt= -"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>McPherson had startled Johnston in his fancied security, but had not done the full measure of his work. He had in hand twenty-three thousand of the best men of the army, and could have walked into @@ -19674,17 +19681,17 @@ sent in pursuit. These reported him beyond the Etowah River. We were then well in advance of our railroad-trains, on which we depended for supplies; so I determined to pause a few days to repair the railroad, which had been damaged but little, except at -the bridge at Resaca, and then to go on.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +the bridge at Resaca, and then to go on.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Atlanta_3"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Atlanta 3.jpg (173K)" src="images/Atlanta3.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Atlanta 3.jpg (173K)" src="images/Atlanta3.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Atlanta3.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt= -"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>Nearly all the people of the country seemed to have fled with Johnston's army; yet some few families remained, and from one of them I procured the copy of an order which Johnston had made at @@ -19966,9 +19973,9 @@ hundred yards ahead.</p> <p>The aggregate loss in the several corps for the month of May is reported-as follows in the usual monthly returns sent to the Adjutant-General's office, which are, therefore, official:</p> -<h4>Casualties during the Month of May, 1864<br > +<h4>Casualties during the Month of May, 1864<br> (Major-General SHERMAN commanding).</h4> -<br > +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <table> <tr> @@ -20089,22 +20096,22 @@ endeavored to act with reasonable caution while moving on the vigorous "offensive."</p> <p>With the drawn battle of New Hope Church, and our occupation of the natural fortress of Allatoona, terminated the month of May, and -the first stage of the campaign.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +the first stage of the campaign.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <h2><a id="ch17"></a>CHAPTER XVII.</h2> <h3>ATLANTA CAMPAIGN—BATTLES ABOUT KENESAW MOUNTAIN.</h3> -<br > +<br> <h3>JUNE, 1864.</h3> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Atlanta_4"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Atlanta 4.jpg (220K)" src="images/Atlanta4.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Atlanta 4.jpg (220K)" src="images/Atlanta4.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Atlanta4.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt= "Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a> <p>On the 1st of June our three armies were well in hand, in the @@ -20114,7 +20121,7 @@ Stoneman's division of cavalry had occupied Allatoona, on the railroad, and General Garrard's division was at the western end of the pass, about Stilesboro. Colonel W. W. Wright, of the Engineers, was busily employed in repairing the railroad and rebuilding the -bridge across the Etowah (or High tower) River, which had been +bridge across the Etowah (or Hightower) River, which had been destroyed by the enemy on his retreat; and the armies were engaged in a general and constant skirmish along a front of about six miles—McPherson the right, Thomas the centre, and Schofield @@ -20367,18 +20374,18 @@ General Schofield, by letter, to keep his entire army, viz., the Twenty-third Corps, as a strong right flank in close support of Hooker's deployed line. During this day the sun came out, with some promise of clear weather, and I had got back to my bivouac about -dark, when a signal message was received, dated—<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -KULP HOUSE, 5.30 P.M.<br > -<br > +dark, when a signal message was received, dated—<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +KULP HOUSE, 5.30 P.M.<br> +<br> General SHERMAN: We have repulsed two heavy attacks, and feel confident, our only apprehension being from our extreme right -flank. Three entire corps are in front of us.<br > -<br > +flank. Three entire corps are in front of us.<br> +<br> Major-General HOOKER.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Hooker's corps (the Twentieth) belonged to Thomas's army; Thomas's headquarters were two miles nearer to Hooker than mine; and Hooker, being an old army officer, knew that he should have @@ -20605,31 +20612,31 @@ rebel army of fifty-nine hundred and forty-eight, to ours of seventy-five hundred and thirty—a less proportion than in the relative strength of our two armies, viz., as six to ten, thus maintaining our relative superiority, which the desperate game of -war justified.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +war justified.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch18"></a>CHAPTER XVIII.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>ATLANTA CAMPAIGN—BATTLES ABOUT ATLANTA</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>JULY, 1864.</p> </div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Atlanta_5"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Atlanta 5.jpg (179K)" src="images/Atlanta5.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Atlanta 5.jpg (179K)" src="images/Atlanta5.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Atlanta5.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt= -"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>As before explained, on the 3d of July, by moving McPherson's entire army from the extreme left, at the base of Kenesaw to the right, below Olley's Creek, and stretching it down the Nickajack @@ -20896,16 +20903,16 @@ terms, instead of being forced to run up against prepared intrenchments; but, at the same time, the enemy having Atlanta behind him, could choose the time and place of attack, and could at pleasure mass a superior force on our weakest points. Therefore, we -had to be constantly ready for sallies.<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +had to be constantly ready for sallies.<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Atlanta_6"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Atlanta 6.jpg (168K)" src="images/Atlanta6.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Atlanta 6.jpg (168K)" src="images/Atlanta6.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Atlanta6.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt= -"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>On the 19th the three armies were converging toward Atlanta, meeting such feeble resistance that I really thought the enemy intended to evacuate the place. McPherson was moving astride of the @@ -21246,15 +21253,15 @@ part of Hood's army, and that, if any assistance were rendered by either of the other armies, the Army of the Tennessee would be jealous. Nobly did they do their work that day, and terrible was the slaughter done to our enemy, though at sad cost to ourselves, -as shown by the following reports:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD NEAR ATLANTA, July 23,1864.<br > -<br > -General HALLECK, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +as shown by the following reports:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD NEAR ATLANTA, July 23,1864.<br> +<br> +General HALLECK, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> Yesterday morning the enemy fell back to the intrenchments proper of the city of Atlanta, which are in a general circle, with a radius of one and a half miles, and we closed in. While we were @@ -21277,22 +21284,22 @@ immediately after recovered by the same troops reenforced. I cannot well approximate our loss, which fell heavily on the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps, but count it as three thousand; I know that, being on the defensive, we have inflicted equally heavy loss on the -enemy.<br > -<br > +enemy.<br> +<br> General McPherson, when arranging his troops about 11.00 A.M., and passing from one column to another, incautiously rode upon an ambuscade without apprehension, at some distance ahead of his staff -and orderlies, and was shot dead.<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +and orderlies, and was shot dead.<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD NEAR -ATLANTA, July 26,1864.<br > -<br > -Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +ATLANTA, July 26,1864.<br> +<br> +Major-General HALLECK, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I find it difficult to make prompt report of results, coupled with some data or information, without occasionally making mistakes. McPherson's sudden death, and Logan succeeding to the @@ -21303,8 +21310,8 @@ left when in motion, and before it had time to cover its weak flank. After riding over the ground and hearing the varying statements of the actors, I directed General Logan to make an official report of the actual result, and I herewith inclose -it.<br > -<br > +it.<br> +<br> Though the number of dead rebels seems excessive, I am disposed to give full credit to the report that our loss, though only thirty-five hundred and twenty-one killed, wounded, and missing, @@ -21313,68 +21320,68 @@ viz., thirty-two hundred and twenty. Happening at that point of the line when a flag of truce was sent in to ask permission for each party to bury its dead, I gave General Logan authority to permit a temporary truce on that flank alone, while our labors and fighting -proceeded at all others.<br > -<br > +proceeded at all others.<br> +<br> I also send you a copy of General Garrard's report of the breaking of the railroad toward Augusta. I am now grouping my command to attack the Macon road, and with that view will intrench a strong line of circumvallation with flanks, so as to have as large an infantry column as possible, with all the cavalry to swing round to the south and east, to strike that road at or below East -Point.<br > -<br > -I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT AND ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE<br > -BEFORE ATLANTA GEORGIA, July 24, 1864<br > -<br > +Point.<br> +<br> +I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT AND ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE<br> +BEFORE ATLANTA GEORGIA, July 24, 1864<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have the honor to report the following general summary of the result of the attack of the enemy on this army on the 22d -inst.<br > -<br > +inst.<br> +<br> Total loss, killed, wounded, and missing, thirty-five hundred and -twenty-one, and ten pieces of artillery.<br > -<br > +twenty-one, and ten pieces of artillery.<br> +<br> We have buried and delivered to the enemy, under a flag of truce sent in by them, in front of the Third Division, Seventeenth Corps, -one thousand of their killed.<br > -<br > +one thousand of their killed.<br> +<br> The number of their dead in front of the Fourth Division of the same corps, including those on the ground not now occupied by our troops, General Blair reports, will swell the number of their dead -on his front to two thousand.<br > -<br > +on his front to two thousand.<br> +<br> The number of their dead buried in front of the Fifteenth Corps, up to this hour, is three hundred and sixty, and the commanding officer reports that at least as many more are yet unburied; -burying-parties being still at work.<br > -<br > +burying-parties being still at work.<br> +<br> The number of dead buried in front of the Sixteenth Corps is four hundred and twenty-two. We have over one thousand of their wounded in our hands, the larger number of the wounded being carried off -during the night, after the engagement, by them.<br > -<br > +during the night, after the engagement, by them.<br> +<br> We captured eighteen stands of colors, and have them now. We also -captured five thousand stands of arms.<br > -<br > +captured five thousand stands of arms.<br> +<br> The attack was made on our lines seven times, and was seven times repulsed. Hood's and Hardee's corps and Wheeler's cavalry engaged -us.<br > -<br > +us.<br> +<br> We have sent to the rear one thousand prisoners, including -thirty-three commissioned officers of high rank.<br > -<br > +thirty-three commissioned officers of high rank.<br> +<br> We still occupy the field, and the troops are in fine spirits. A detailed and full report will be furnished as soon as -completed.<br > -<br > +completed.<br> +<br> Recapitulation. <div style="text-align: center"> <table> @@ -21416,11 +21423,11 @@ Recapitulation. </tr> </table> </div> -<br > -Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > +<br> +Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> Joan A. Logan, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 22d of July General Rousseau reached Marietta, having returned from his raid on the Alabama road at Opelika, and on the next day General Garrard also returned from Covington, both having @@ -21591,21 +21598,21 @@ importance to the movement, he mounted his horse, and rode away to overtake and to hurry forward the movement, so as to come up on the left rear of the enemy, during the expected battle.</p> <p>By this time the sound of cannon and musketry denoted a severe -battle as in progress, which began seriously at 11.30 a.m., and +battle as in progress, which began seriously at 11.30 A.M., and ended substantially by 4 p.m. It was a fierce attack by the enemy on our extreme right flank, well posted and partially covered. The most authentic account of the battle is given by General Logan, who commanded the Fifteenth Corps, in his official report to the -Adjutant-General of the Army of the Tennessee, thus:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS<br > -BEFORE ATLANTA, GEORGIA, July 29, 1864<br > -<br > +Adjutant-General of the Army of the Tennessee, thus:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS<br> +BEFORE ATLANTA, GEORGIA, July 29, 1864<br> +<br> Lieutenant-Colonel WILLIAM T. CLARK, Assistant Adjutant-General, -Army of the Tennessee, present.<br > -<br > +Army of the Tennessee, present.<br> +<br> COLONEL: I have the honor to report that, in pursuance of orders, I moved my command into position on the right of the Seventeenth Corps, which was the extreme right of the army in the field, during @@ -21613,32 +21620,32 @@ the night of the 27th and morning of the 28th; and, while advancing in line of battle to a more favorable position, we were met by the rebel infantry of Hardee's and Lee's corps, who made a determined and desperate attack on us at 11 A.M. of the 28th -(yesterday).<br > -<br > +(yesterday).<br> +<br> My lines were only protected by logs and rails, hastily thrown up -in front of them.<br > -<br > +in front of them.<br> +<br> The first onset was received and checked, and the battle commenced and lasted until about three o'clock in the evening. During that time six successive charges were made, which were six times -gallantly repulsed, each time with fearful loss to the enemy.<br > -<br > +gallantly repulsed, each time with fearful loss to the enemy.<br> +<br> Later in the evening my lines were several times assaulted vigorously, but each time with like result. The worst of the fighting occurred on General Harrow's and Morgan L. Smith's fronts, which formed the centre and right of the corps. The troops could not have displayed greater courage, nor greater determination not to give ground; had they shown less, they would have been driven -from their position.<br > -<br > +from their position.<br> +<br> Brigadier-Generals C. R. Woods, Harrow, and Morgan L. Smith, division commanders, are entitled to equal credit for gallant conduct and skill in repelling the assault. My thanks are due to Major-Generals Blair and Dodge for sending me reenforeements at a time when they were much needed. My losses were fifty killed, four hundred and forty-nine wounded, and seventy-three missing: -aggregate, five hundred and seventy-two.<br > -<br > +aggregate, five hundred and seventy-two.<br> +<br> The division of General Harrow captured five battle-flags. There were about fifteen hundred or two thousand muskets left on the ground. One hundred and six prisoners were captured, exclusive of @@ -21649,23 +21656,23 @@ be yet unburied. A large number of their wounded were undoubtedly carried away in the night, as the enemy did not withdraw till near daylight. The enemy's loss could not have been less than six or seven thousand men. A more detailed report will hereafter be -made.<br > -<br > -I am, very respectfully,<br > -Your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -JOHN A. LOGAN,<br > -Major-General, commanding Fifteenth Army Corps.<br > -<br > -General Howard, in transmitting this report, added:<br > -<br > +made.<br> +<br> +I am, very respectfully,<br> +Your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +JOHN A. LOGAN,<br> +Major-General, commanding Fifteenth Army Corps.<br> +<br> +General Howard, in transmitting this report, added:<br> +<br> I wish to express my high gratification with the conduct of the troops engaged. I never saw better conduct in battle. General Logan, though ill and much worn out, was indefatigable, and the success of the day is as much attributable to him as to any one man.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This was, of coarse, the first fight in which General Howard had commanded the Army of the Tennessee, and he evidently aimed to reconcile General Logan in his disappointment, and to gain the @@ -21822,21 +21829,21 @@ Sixth East Tennessee; Colonel John T. Croxton, Fourth Kentucky; Colonel William W. Belknap, Fifteenth Iowa. These were promptly appointed brigadier-generals, were already in command of brigades or divisions; and I doubt if eight promotions were ever made -fairer, or were more honestly earned, during the whole war.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +fairer, or were more honestly earned, during the whole war.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch19"></a>CHAPTER XIX.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>CAPTURE OF ATLANTA.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 1864</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>The month of August opened hot and sultry, but our position before Atlanta was healthy, with ample supply of wood, water, and provisions. The troops had become habituated to the slow and steady @@ -21955,11 +21962,11 @@ attack on the railroad, anywhere about East Point, and ordered General Palmer to report to him for duty. He at once denied General Schofield's right to command him; but, after examining the dates of their respective commissions, and hearing their arguments, I wrote -to General Palmer.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -August 4th.-10.45 p.m.<br > -<br > +to General Palmer.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +August 4th.-10.45 p.m.<br> +<br> From the statements made by yourself and General Schofield to-day, my decision is, that he ranks you as a major-general, being of the same date of present commission, by reason of his previous superior @@ -21972,18 +21979,18 @@ question of rank should occur in actual battle. The Sandtown road, and the railroad, if possible, must be gained to-morrow, if it costs half your command. I regard the loss of time this afternoon as equal to the loss of two thousand men.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I also communicated the substance of this to General Thomas, to -whose army Palmer's corps belonged, who replied on the 5th:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > +whose army Palmer's corps belonged, who replied on the 5th:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> I regret to hear that Palmer has taken the course he has, and I know that he intends to offer his resignation as soon as he can properly do so. I recommend that his application be granted.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>And on the 5th I again wrote to General Palmer, arguing the point with him, advising him, as a friend, not to resign at that crisis lest his motives might be misconstrued, and because it might @@ -21992,16 +21999,16 @@ felt it my duty to say to him that the operations on that flank, during the 4th and 5th, had not been satisfactory—not imputing to him, however, any want of energy or skill, but insisting that "the events did not keep pace with my desires." -General Schofield had reported to me that night:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > +General Schofield had reported to me that night:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> I am compelled to acknowledge that I have totally failed to make any aggressive movement with the Fourteenth Corps. I have ordered General Johnson's division to replace General Hascall's this evening, and I propose to-morrow to take my own troops (Twenty-third Corps) to the right, and try to recover what has been -lost by two days' delay. The force may likely be too small.<br > -<br > +lost by two days' delay. The force may likely be too small.<br> +<br> I sanctioned the movement, and ordered two of Palmers divisions—Davis's and Baird's—to follow en echelon in support of Schofield, and summoned General Palmer to meet me in @@ -22023,8 +22030,8 @@ had been originally formed by General George H. Thomas, had been commanded by him in person, and had imbibed some what his personal character, viz., steadiness, good order, and deliberation nothing hasty or rash, but always safe, "slow, and sure." On August 7th I -telegraphed to General Halleck:<br > -<br > +telegraphed to General Halleck:<br> +<br> Have received to-day the dispatches of the Secretary of War and of General Grant, which are very satisfactory. We keep hammering away all the time, and there is no peace, inside or outside of Atlanta. @@ -22043,8 +22050,8 @@ thirty-pound Parrotts, with which we can pick out almost any house in town. I am too impatient for a siege, and don't know but this is as good a place to fight it out on, as farther inland. One thing is certain, whether we get inside of Atlanta or not, it will be a -used-up community when we are done with it.<br > -<br > +used-up community when we are done with it.<br> +<br> In Schofield's extension on the 5th, General Reilly's brigade had struck an outwork, which he promptly attacked, but, as usual, got entangled in the trees and bushes which had been felled, and lost @@ -22070,8 +22077,8 @@ given that on our right rear, in support of Schofield's exposed flank; Garrard retained that on our general left; and McCook's division was held somewhat in reserve, about Marietta and the railroad. On the 10th, having occasion to telegraph to General -Grant, then in Washington, I used this language:<br > -<br > +Grant, then in Washington, I used this language:<br> +<br> Since July 28th Hood has not attempted to meet us outside his parapets. In order to possess and destroy effectually his communications, I may have to leave a corps at the railroad-bridge, @@ -22081,8 +22088,8 @@ which are too strong, nor to proceed by regular approaches. I have lost a good many regiments, and will lose more, by the expiration of service; and this is the only reason why I want reenforcements. We have killed, crippled, and captured more of the enemy than we -have lost by his acts.<br > -<br > +have lost by his acts.<br> +<br> On the 12th of August I heard of the success of Admiral Farragut in entering Mobile Bay, which was regarded as a most valuable auxiliary to our operations at Atlanta; and learned that I had been @@ -22099,8 +22106,8 @@ gave general orders for the Twentieth Corps to draw back to the railroad-bridge at the Chattahoochee, to protect our trains, hospitals, spare artillery, and the railroad-depot, while the rest of the army should move bodily to some point on the Macon Railroad -below East Point.<br > -<br > +below East Point.<br> +<br> Luckily, I learned just then that the enemy's cavalry, under General Wheeler, had made a wide circuit around our left flank, and had actually reached our railroad at Tilton Station, above Resaca, @@ -22128,8 +22135,8 @@ break up the Macon road about Jonesboro, in the hopes that it would force Hood to evacuate Atlanta, and that I should thereby not only secure possession of the city itself, but probably could catch Hood in the confusion of retreat; and, further to increase the chances -of success.<br > -<br > +of success.<br> +<br> I ordered General Thomas to detach two brigades of Garrard's division of cavalry from the left to the right rear, to act as a reserve in support of General Kilpatrick. Meantime, also, the @@ -22156,8 +22163,8 @@ corps proposed to be left there for that purpose, and found that the rebel works, which had been built by Johnston to resist us, could be easily utilized against themselves; and on returning to my camp, at that same evening, I telegraphed to General Halleck as -follows:<br > -<br > +follows:<br> +<br> Heavy fires in Atlanta all day, caused by our artillery. I will be all ready, and will commence the movement around Atlanta by the south, tomorrow night, and for some time you will hear little of @@ -22165,8 +22172,8 @@ us. I will keep open a courier line back to the Chattahoochee bridge, by way of Sandtown. The Twentieth Corps will hold the railroad-bridge, and I will move with the balance of the army, provisioned for twenty days.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Meantime General Dodge (commanding the Sixteenth Corps) had been wounded in the forehead, had gone to the rear, and his two divisions were distributed to the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps. @@ -22297,7 +22304,7 @@ bivouac, called him out to listen to the reverberations which came from the direction of Atlanta (twenty miles to the north of us), and inquired of him if he had resided there long. He said he had, and that these sounds were just like those of a battle. An interval -of quiet then ensued, when again, about 4 a.m., arose other similar +of quiet then ensued, when again, about 4 A.M., arose other similar explosions, but I still remained in doubt whether the enemy was engaged in blowing up his own magazines, or whether General Slocum had not felt forward, and become engaged in a real battle.</p> @@ -22347,13 +22354,13 @@ something startling in our interest should occur before the election in November. The brilliant success at Atlanta filled that requirement, and made the election of Mr. Lincoln certain. Among the many letters of congratulation received, those of Mr. Lincoln -and General Grant seem most important:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -EXECUTIVE MANSION<br > -WASHINGTON, D.C. September 3, 1864.<br > -<br > +and General Grant seem most important:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +EXECUTIVE MANSION<br> +WASHINGTON, D.C. September 3, 1864.<br> +<br> The national thanks are rendered by the President to Major-General W. T. Sherman and the gallant officers and soldiers of his command before Atlanta, for the distinguished ability and perseverance @@ -22362,24 +22369,24 @@ has resulted in the capture of Atlanta. The marches, battles, sieges, and other military operations, that have signalized the campaign, must render it famous in the annals of war, and have entitled those who have participated therein to the applause and -thanks of the nation.<br > -<br > -ABRAHAM LINCOLN<br > -President of the United States<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -CITY POINT VIRGINIA, September 4, 1864-9 P.M.<br > -<br > +thanks of the nation.<br> +<br> +ABRAHAM LINCOLN<br> +President of the United States<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +CITY POINT VIRGINIA, September 4, 1864-9 P.M.<br> +<br> Major-General SHERMAN: I have just received your dispatch announcing the capture of Atlanta. In honor of your great victory, I have ordered a salute to be fired with shotted guns from every battery bearing upon the enemy. The salute will be fired within an -hour, amid great rejoicing.<br > -<br > +hour, amid great rejoicing.<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>These dispatches were communicated to the army in general orders, and we all felt duly encouraged and elated by the praise of those competent to bestow it.</p> @@ -22459,16 +22466,16 @@ in any book of which I have present knowledge, and therefore is given here, as illustrative of the events referred to, and of the feelings of the actors in the game of war at that particular crisis, together with certain other original letters of Generals -Grant and Halleck, never hitherto published.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +Grant and Halleck, never hitherto published.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, -September 12, 1864<br > -<br > +September 12, 1864<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi<br > -<br > +Mississippi<br> +<br> GENERAL: I send Lieutenant-Colonel Horace Porter, of my staff, with this. Colonel Porter will explain to you the exact condition of affairs here, better than I can do in the limits of a letter. @@ -22505,59 +22512,59 @@ operations for you as to get your views, and to have plans matured by the time every thing can be got ready. It would probably be the 5th of October before any of the plans here indicated will be executed. If you have any promotions to recommend, send the names -forward, and I will approve them.<br > -<br > +forward, and I will approve them.<br> +<br> In conclusion, it is hardly necessary for me to say that I feel you have accomplished the most gigantic undertaking given to any general in this war, and with a skill and ability that will be acknowledged in history as unsurpassed, if not unequaled. It gives me as much pleasure to record this in your favor as it world in -favor of any living man, myself included. Truly yours,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +favor of any living man, myself included. Truly yours,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, -ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 20, 1864.<br > -<br > +ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 20, 1864.<br> +<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, Commander-in-Chief, City Point, -Virgina.<br > -<br > +Virgina.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge, at the hands of Lieutenant Colonel Porter, of your staff, your letter of September 12th, and accept with thanks the honorable and kindly mention of the services of this army in the great cause in which we are all -engaged.<br > -<br > +engaged.<br> +<br> I send by Colonel Porter all official reports which are completed, and will in a few days submit a list of names which are deemed -worthy of promotion.<br > -<br > +worthy of promotion.<br> +<br> I think we owe it to the President to save him the invidious task of selection among the vast number of worthy applicants, and have ordered my army commanders to prepare their lists with great care, and to express their preferences, based upon claims of actual -capacity and services rendered.<br > -<br > +capacity and services rendered.<br> +<br> These I will consolidate, and submit in such a form that, if mistakes are made, they will at least be sanctioned by the best contemporaneous evidence of merit, for I know that vacancies do not exist equal in number to that of the officers who really deserve -promotion.<br > -<br > +promotion.<br> +<br> As to the future, I am pleased to know that your army is being steadily reinforced by a good class of men, and I hope it will go on until you have a force that is numerically double that of your antagonist, so that with one part you can watch him, and with the other push out boldly from your left flank, occupy the Southside Railroad, compel him to attack you in position, or accept battle on -your own terms.<br > -<br > +your own terms.<br> +<br> We ought to ask our country for the largest possible armies that can be raised, as so important a thing as the self-existence of a -great nation should not be left to the fickle chances of war.<br > -<br > +great nation should not be left to the fickle chances of war.<br> +<br> Now that Mobile is shut out to the commerce of our enemy, it calls for no further effort on our part, unless the capture of the city can be followed by the occupation of the Alabama River and the @@ -22566,8 +22573,8 @@ magnificent auxiliary to my further progress into Georgia; but, until General Canby is much reinforced, and until he can more thoroughly subdue the scattered armies west of the Mississippi, I suppose that much cannot be attempted by him against the Alabama -River and Columbus, Georgia.<br > -<br > +River and Columbus, Georgia.<br> +<br> The utter destruction of Wilmington, North Carolina, is of importance only in connection with the necessity of cutting off all foreign trade to our enemy, and if Admiral Farragut can get across @@ -22597,8 +22604,8 @@ in the South, or let us have the use of the Savannah River. Either horn of the dilemma will be worth a battle. I would prefer his holding Augusta (as the probabilities are); for then, with the Savannah River in our possession, the taking of Augusta would be a -mere matter of time. This campaign can be made in the winter.<br > -<br > +mere matter of time. This campaign can be made in the winter.<br> +<br> But the more I study the game, the more am I convinced that it would be wrong for us to penetrate farther into Georgia without an objective beyond. It would not be productive of much good. I can @@ -22613,8 +22620,8 @@ and send a force to take Columbus, Georgia, either by way of the Alabama or Appalachicola River; that I should keep Hood employed and put my army in fine order for a march on Augusta, Columbia, and Charleston; and start as soon as Wilmington is sealed to commerce, -and the city of Savannah is in our possession.<br > -<br > +and the city of Savannah is in our possession.<br> +<br> I think it will be found that the movements of Price and Shelby, west of the Mississippi, are mere diversions. They cannot hope to enter Missouri except as raiders; and the truth is, that General @@ -22628,27 +22635,27 @@ to be in Savannah, I will insure our possession of Macon and a point on the river below Augusta. The possession of the Savannah River is more than fatal to the possibility of Southern independence. They may stand the fall of Richmond, but not of all -Georgia.<br > -<br > +Georgia.<br> +<br> I will have a long talk with Colonel Porter, and tell him every -thing that may occur to me of interest to you.<br > -<br > +thing that may occur to me of interest to you.<br> +<br> In the mean time, know that I admire your dogged perseverance and pluck more than ever. If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic, I think Uncle Abe will give us a twenty days' leave of -absence to see the young folks.<br > -<br > -Yours as ever,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,<br > -WASHINGTON, September 16, 1864.<br > -<br > -General W. T. SHERMAN, Atlanta, Georgia.<br > -<br > +absence to see the young folks.<br> +<br> +Yours as ever,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,<br> +WASHINGTON, September 16, 1864.<br> +<br> +General W. T. SHERMAN, Atlanta, Georgia.<br> +<br> My DEAR GENERAL: Your very interesting letter of the 4th is just received. Its perusal has given me the greatest pleasure. I have not written before to congratulate you on the capture of Atlanta, @@ -22661,8 +22668,8 @@ campaign has been the most brilliant of the war. Its results are less striking and less complete than those of General Grant at Vicksburg, but then you have had greater difficulties to encounter, a longer line of communications to keep up, and a longer and more -continuous strain upon yourself and upon your army.<br > -<br > +continuous strain upon yourself and upon your army.<br> +<br> You must have been very considerably annoyed by the State negro recruiting-agents. Your letter was a capital one, and did much good. The law was a ridiculous one; it was opposed by the War @@ -22670,8 +22677,8 @@ Department, but passed through the influence of Eastern manufacturers, who hoped to escape the draft in that way. They were making immense fortunes out of the war, and could well afford to purchase negro recruits, and thus save their employees at -home.<br > -<br > +home.<br> +<br> I fully agree with you in regard to the policy of a stringent draft; but, unfortunately, political influences are against us, and I fear it will not amount to much. Mr. Seward's speech at Auburn, @@ -22688,8 +22695,8 @@ traitorous Chicago platform, but he had not the manliness to oppose it. A major-general in the United States Army, and yet not one word to utter against rebels or the rebellion! I had much respect for McClellan before he became a politician, but very little after -reading his letter accepting the nomination.<br > -<br > +reading his letter accepting the nomination.<br> +<br> Hooker certainly made a mistake in leaving before the capture of Atlanta. I understand that, when here, he said that you would fail; your army was discouraged and dissatisfied, etc., etc. He is most @@ -22709,32 +22716,32 @@ is welcome to abuse me as much as he pleases; I don't think it will do him much good, or me much harm. I know very little of General Howard, but believe him to be a true, honorable man. Thomas is also a noble old war-horse. It is true, as you say, that he is slow, but -he is always sure.<br > -<br > +he is always sure.<br> +<br> I have not seen General Grant since the fall of Atlanta, and do not know what instructions he has sent you. I fear that Canby has not the means to do much by way of Mobile. The military effects of Banks's disaster are now showing themselves by the threatened operations of Price & Co. toward Missouri, thus keeping in -check our armies west of the Mississippi.<br > -<br > +check our armies west of the Mississippi.<br> +<br> With many thanks for your kind letter, and wishes for your future -success, yours truly,<br > -<br > -H. W. HALLECK.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +success, yours truly,<br> +<br> +H. W. HALLECK.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI ATLANTA, GEORGIA, -September 20, 1864.<br > -<br > -Major General HALLECK, Chief of Staff, Washington D.C.<br > -<br > +September 20, 1864.<br> +<br> +Major General HALLECK, Chief of Staff, Washington D.C.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have the honor herewith to submit copies of a correspondence between General Hood, of the Confederate Army, the Mayor of Atlanta, and myself, touching the removal of the -inhabitants of Atlanta.<br > -<br > +inhabitants of Atlanta.<br> +<br> In explanation of the tone which marks some of these letters, I will only call your attention to the fact that, after I had announced my determination, General Hood took upon himself to @@ -22744,52 +22751,52 @@ official usage, he has published in the Macon newspapers such parts of the correspondence as suited his purpose. This could have had no other object than to create a feeling on the part of the people; but if he expects to resort to such artifices, I think I can meet -him there too.<br > -<br > +him there too.<br> +<br> It is sufficient for my Government to know that the removal of the inhabitants has been made with liberality and fairness, that it has been attended with no force, and that no women or children have suffered, unless for want of provisions by their natural protectors -and friends.<br > -<br > -My real reasons for this step were:<br > -<br > +and friends.<br> +<br> +My real reasons for this step were:<br> +<br> We want all the houses of Atlanta for military storage and -occupation.<br > -<br > +occupation.<br> +<br> We want to contract the lines of defense, so as to diminish the garrison to the limit necessary to defend its narrow and vital parts, instead of embracing, as the lines now do, the vast suburbs. This contraction of the lines, with the necessary citadels and redoubts, will make it necessary to destroy the very houses used by -families as residences.<br > -<br > +families as residences.<br> +<br> Atlanta is a fortified town, was stubbornly defended, and fairly -captured. As captors, we have a right to it.<br > -<br > +captured. As captors, we have a right to it.<br> +<br> The residence here of a poor population would compel us, sooner or -later, to feed them or to see them starve under our eyes.<br > -<br > +later, to feed them or to see them starve under our eyes.<br> +<br> The residence here of the families of our enemies would be a temptation and a means to keep up a correspondence dangerous and hurtful to our cause; a civil population calls for provost-guards, and absorbs the attention of officers in listening to everlasting -complaints and special grievances that are not military.<br > -<br > +complaints and special grievances that are not military.<br> +<br> These are my reasons; and, if satisfactory to the Government of the United States, it makes no difference whether it pleases General Hood and his people or not. I am, with respect, your obedient -servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 7, 1864.<br > -<br > -General HOOD, commanding Confederate Army.<br > -<br > +servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 7, 1864.<br> +<br> +General HOOD, commanding Confederate Army.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have deemed it to the interest of the United States that the citizens now residing in Atlanta should remove, those who prefer it to go south, and the rest north. For the latter I can @@ -22816,20 +22823,20 @@ harmed or molested; you in your turn agreeing that any care, wagons, or carriages, persons or animals sent to the same point, shall not be interfered with. Each of us might send a guard of, say, one hundred men, to maintain order, and limit the truce to, -say, two days after a certain time appointed.<br > -<br > +say, two days after a certain time appointed.<br> +<br> I have authorized the mayor to choose two citizens to convey to you this letter, with such documents as the mayor may forward in explanation, and shall await your reply. I have the honor to be -your obedient servant.<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +your obedient servant.<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> Major General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding United States Forces in -Georgia<br > -<br > +Georgia<br> +<br> GENERAL: Your letter of yesterday's date, borne by James M. Ball and James R. Crew, citizens of Atlanta, is received. You say therein, "I deem it to be to the interest of the United States that @@ -22843,34 +22850,34 @@ staff-officer be appointed by you to superintend the removal from the city to Rough and Ready, while I appoint a like officer to control their removal farther south; that a guard of one hundred men be sent by either party as you propose, to maintain order at -that place, and that the removal begin on Monday next.<br > -<br > +that place, and that the removal begin on Monday next.<br> +<br> And now, sir, permit me to say that the unprecedented measure you propose transcends, in studied and ingenious cruelty, all acts ever -before brought to my attention in the dark history of war.<br > -<br > +before brought to my attention in the dark history of war.<br> +<br> In the name of God and humanity, I protest, believing that you will find that you are expelling from their homes and firesides the wives and children of a brave people. I am, general, very -respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -J. B. HOOD, General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +J. B. HOOD, General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, -ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 10, 1864.<br > -<br > +ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 10, 1864.<br> +<br> General J. B. HOOD, commanding Army of Tennessee, Confederate -Army.<br > -<br > +Army.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this date, at the hands of Messrs. Ball and Crew, consenting to the arrangements I had proposed to facilitate the removal south of the people of Atlanta, who prefer to go in that direction. I inclose you a copy of my orders, which will, I am satisfied, -accomplish my purpose perfectly.<br > -<br > +accomplish my purpose perfectly.<br> +<br> You style the measures proposed "unprecedented," and appeal to the dark history of war for a parallel, as an act of "studied and ingenious cruelty." It is not unprecedented; for General Johnston @@ -22889,15 +22896,15 @@ Jackson, Mississippi. I have not accused you of heartless cruelty, but merely instance these cases of very recent occurrence, and could go on and enumerate hundreds of others, and challenge any fair man to judge which of us has the heart of pity for the -families of a "brave people."<br > -<br > +families of a "brave people."<br> +<br> I say that it is kindness to these families of Atlanta to remove them now, at once, from scenes that women and children should not be exposed to, and the "brave people" should scorn to commit their wives and children to the rude barbarians who thus, as you say, violate the laws of war, as illustrated in the pages of its dark -history.<br > -<br > +history.<br> +<br> In the name of common-sense, I ask you not to appeal to a just God in such a sacrilegious manner. You who, in the midst of peace and prosperity, have plunged a nation into war—dark and cruel @@ -22921,17 +22928,17 @@ in due time, and he will pronounce whether it be more humane to fight with a town full of women and the families of a brave people at our back or to remove them in time to places of safety among their own friends and people. I am, very respectfully, your -obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE September 12, 1864<br > -<br > +obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE September 12, 1864<br> +<br> Major-General W. T, SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 9th inst., with its inclosure in reference to the women, children, and others, whom you have thought proper to expel from @@ -22944,8 +22951,8 @@ barbarous cruelty, you regretted the necessity, and we would have dropped the subject; but you have chosen to indulge in statements which I feel compelled to notice, at least so far as to signify my dissent, and not allow silence in regard to them to be construed as -acquiescence.<br > -<br > +acquiescence.<br> +<br> I see nothing in your communication which induces me to modify the language of condemnation with which I characterized your order. It but strengthens me in the opinion that it stands "preeminent in the @@ -22986,8 +22993,8 @@ miles beyond my line of defense. I have too good an opinion, founded both upon observation and experience, of the skill of your artillerists, to credit the insinuation that they for several weeks unintentionally fired too high for my modest field-works, and -slaughtered women and children by accident and want of skill.<br > -<br > +slaughtered women and children by accident and want of skill.<br> +<br> The residue of your letter is rather discussion. It opens a wide field for the discussion of questions which I do not feel are committed to me. I am only a general of one of the armies of the @@ -23044,8 +23051,8 @@ our enemies in retaliation for their acts—declaring us traitors, and confiscating our property wherever their power extended, either in their country or our own. Such are your accusations, and such are the facts known of all men to be -true.<br > -<br > +true.<br> +<br> You order into exile the whole population of a city; drive men, women and children from their homes at the point of the bayonet, under the plea that it is to the interest of your Government, and @@ -23061,8 +23068,8 @@ And, because I characterize what you call as kindness as being real cruelty, you presume to sit in judgment between me and my God; and you decide that my earnest prayer to the Almighty Father to save our women and children from what you call kindness, is a -"sacrilegious, hypocritical appeal."<br > -<br > +"sacrilegious, hypocritical appeal."<br> +<br> You came into our country with your army, avowedly for the purpose of subjugating free white men, women, and children, and not only intend to rule over them, but you make negroes your allies, and @@ -23073,42 +23080,42 @@ therefore, decline to accept your statements in reference to your kindness toward the people of Atlanta, and your willingness to sacrifice every thing for the peace and honor of the South, and refuse to be governed by your decision in regard to matters between -myself, my country, and my God.<br > -<br > +myself, my country, and my God.<br> +<br> You say, "Let us fight it out like men." To this my reply is—for myself, and I believe for all the free men, ay, and women and children, in my country—we will fight you to the death! Better die a thousand deaths than submit to live under you -or your Government and your negro allies!<br > -<br > +or your Government and your negro allies!<br> +<br> Having answered the points forced upon me by your letter of the 9th of September, I close this correspondence with you; and, notwithstanding your comments upon my appeal to God in the cause of humanity, I again humbly and reverently invoke his almighty aid in defense of justice and right. Respectfully, your obedient -servant,<br > -<br > -J. B. HOOD, General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 11, 1864<br > -Major-General W. T. SHERMAN.<br > -<br > +servant,<br> +<br> +J. B. HOOD, General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 11, 1864<br> +Major-General W. T. SHERMAN.<br> +<br> Sir: We the undersigned, Mayor and two of the Council for the city of Atlanta, for the time being the only legal organ of the people of the said city, to express their wants and wishes, ask leave most earnestly but respectfully to petition you to reconsider the order -requiring them to leave Atlanta.<br > -<br > +requiring them to leave Atlanta.<br> +<br> At first view, it struck us that the measure world involve extraordinary hardship and loss, but since we have seen the practical execution of it so far as it has progressed, and the individual condition of the people, and heard their statements as to the inconveniences, loss, and suffering attending it, we are satisfied that the amount of it will involve in the aggregate -consequences appalling and heart-rending.<br > -<br > +consequences appalling and heart-rending.<br> +<br> Many poor women are in advanced state of pregnancy, others now having young children, and whose husbands for the greater part are either in the army, prisoners, or dead. Some say: "I have such a @@ -23120,27 +23127,27 @@ property, but such and such things I must leave behind, though I need them much." We reply to them: "General Sherman will carry your property to Rough and Ready, and General Hood will take it thence on." And they will reply to that: "But I want to leave the railroad -at such a place, and cannot get conveyance from there on."<br > -<br > +at such a place, and cannot get conveyance from there on."<br> +<br> We only refer to a few facts, to try to illustrate in part how this measure will operate in practice. As you advanced, the people north of this fell back; and before your arrival here, a large portion of the people had retired south, so that the country south of this is already crowded, and without houses enough to accommodate the people, and we are informed that many are now staying in churches -and other out-buildings.<br > -<br > +and other out-buildings.<br> +<br> This being so, how is it possible for the people still here (mostly women and children) to find any shelter? And how can they live through the winter in the woods—no shelter or subsistence, in the midst of strangers who know them not, and without the power to -assist them much, if they were willing to do so?<br > -<br > +assist them much, if they were willing to do so?<br> +<br> This is but a feeble picture of the consequences of this measure. You know the woe, the horrors, and the suffering, cannot be described by words; imagination can only conceive of it, and we ask -you to take these things into consideration.<br > -<br > +you to take these things into consideration.<br> +<br> We know your mind and time are constantly occupied with the duties of your command, which almost deters us from asking your attention to this matter, but thought it might be that you had not considered @@ -23150,31 +23157,31 @@ all mankind, for we know of no such instance ever having occurred—surely never in the United States—and what has this helpless people done, that they should be driven from their homes, to wander strangers and outcasts, and exiles, and to subsist -on charity?<br > -<br > +on charity?<br> +<br> We do not know as yet the number of people still here; of those who are here, we are satisfied a respectable number, if allowed to remain at home, could subsist for several months without assistance, and a respectable number for a much longer time, and -who might not need assistance at any time.<br > -<br > +who might not need assistance at any time.<br> +<br> In conclusion, we most earnestly and solemnly petition you to reconsider this order, or modify it, and suffer this unfortunate people to remain at home, and enjoy what little means they -have.<br > -Respectfully submitted<br > -JAMES M. CALHOUN, Mayor.<br > -E. E. RAWSON, Councilman.<br > -S. C. Warns, Councilman.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +have.<br> +Respectfully submitted<br> +JAMES M. CALHOUN, Mayor.<br> +E. E. RAWSON, Councilman.<br> +S. C. Warns, Councilman.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, -ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 12, 1864.<br > -<br > +ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 12, 1864.<br> +<br> JAMES M. CALHOUN, Mayor, E. E. RAWSON and S. C. Wares, representing -City Council of Atlanta.<br > -<br > +City Council of Atlanta.<br> +<br> GENTLEMEN: I have your letter of the 11th, in the nature of a petition to revoke my orders removing all the inhabitants from Atlanta. I have read it carefully, and give full credit to your @@ -23205,8 +23212,8 @@ fairly, because I cannot impart to you what we propose to do, but I assert that our military plans make it necessary for the inhabitants to go away, and I can only renew my offer of services to make their exodus in any direction as easy and comfortable as -possible.<br > -<br > +possible.<br> +<br> You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can @@ -23227,20 +23234,20 @@ from what quarter it may. I know that a few individuals cannot resist a torrent of error and passion, such as swept the South into rebellion, but you can point out, so that we may know those who desire a government, and those who insist on war and its -desolation.<br > -<br > +desolation.<br> +<br> You might as well appeal against the thunder-storm as against these terrible hardships of war. They are inevitable, and the only way the people of Atlanta can hope once more to live in peace and quiet at home, is to stop the war, which can only be done by admitting -that it began in error and is perpetuated in pride.<br > -<br > +that it began in error and is perpetuated in pride.<br> +<br> We don't want your negroes, or your horses, or your houses, or your lands, or any thing you have, but we do want and will have a just obedience to the laws of the United States. That we will have, and, if it involves the destruction of your improvements, we cannot help -it.<br > -<br > +it.<br> +<br> You have heretofore read public sentiment in your newspapers, that live by falsehood and excitement; and the quicker you seek for truth in other quarters, the better. I repeat then that, by the @@ -23263,29 +23270,29 @@ only asked to live in peace at their old homes, and under the Government of their inheritance. But these comparisons are idle. I want peace, and believe it can only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect and early -success.<br > -<br > +success.<br> +<br> But, my dear sirs, when peace does come, you may call on me for any thing. Then will I share with you the last cracker, and watch with you to shield your homes and families against danger from every -quarter.<br > -<br > +quarter.<br> +<br> Now you must go, and take with you the old and feeble, feed and nurse them, and build for them, in more quiet places, proper habitations to shield them against the weather until the mad passions of men cool down, and allow the Union and peace once more -to settle over your old homes at Atlanta. Yours in haste,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 14, 1864.<br > -<br > +to settle over your old homes at Atlanta. Yours in haste,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 14, 1864.<br> +<br> General J. B. HOOD, commanding Army of the Tennessee, Confederate -Army.<br > -<br > +Army.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Yours of September 12th is received, and has been carefully perused. I agree with you that this discussion by two soldiers is out of place, and profitless; but you must admit that @@ -23295,26 +23302,26 @@ the only new matter contained in your rejoinder add: We have no "negro allies" in this army; not a single negro soldier left Chattanooga with this army, or is with it now. There are a few guarding Chattanooga, which General Steedman sent at one time to -drive Wheeler out of Dalton.<br > -<br > +drive Wheeler out of Dalton.<br> +<br> I was not bound by the laws of war to give notice of the shelling of Atlanta, a "fortified town, with magazines, arsenals, founderies, and public stores;" you were bound to take notice. See -the books.<br > -<br > +the books.<br> +<br> This is the conclusion of our correspondence, which I did not begin, and terminate with satisfaction. I am, with respect, your -obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br > -WASHINGTON, September 28, 1864,<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN, Atlanta, Georgia.<br > -<br > +obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br> +WASHINGTON, September 28, 1864,<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN, Atlanta, Georgia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Your communications of the 20th in regard to the removal of families from Atlanta, and the exchange of prisoners, and also the official report of your campaign, are just received. I have not @@ -23350,20 +23357,20 @@ done, not only in Maryland and Pennsylvania, but also in Virginia and other rebel States, when compelled to fall back before our armies. In many sections of the country they have not left a mill to grind grain for their own suffering families, lest we might use -them to supply our armies. We most do the same.<br > -<br > +them to supply our armies. We most do the same.<br> +<br> I have endeavored to impress these views upon our commanders for the last two years. You are almost the only one who has properly applied them. I do not approve of General Hunter's course in burning private homes or uselessly destroying private property. That is barbarous. But I approve of taking or destroying whatever -may serve as supplies to us or to the enemy's army.<br > -<br > -Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +may serve as supplies to us or to the enemy's army.<br> +<br> +Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK, Major-General, Chief of Staff</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>In order to effect the exchange of prisoners, to facilitate the exodus of the people of Atlanta, and to keep open communication with the South, we established a neutral camp, at and about the @@ -23561,21 +23568,21 @@ thousand six hundred and seventy-five), and 81,758 (eighty-one thousand seven hundred and fifty-eight) at the end of the campaign. This gradual reduction was not altogether owing to death and wounds, but to the expiration of service, or by detachments sent to -points at the rear.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +points at the rear.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch20"></a>CHAPTER XX.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>ATLANTA AND AFTER—PURSUIT OF HOOD.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, 1864.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>By the middle of September, matters and things had settled down in Atlanta, so that we felt perfectly at home. The telegraph and railroads were repaired, and we had uninterrupted communication to @@ -23633,15 +23640,15 @@ sent them hearty invitation. I will exchange two thousand prisoners with Hood, but no more.</p> <p>Governor Brown's action at that time is fully explained by the following letter, since made public, which was then only known to -us in part by hearsay:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +us in part by hearsay:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, September 10, -1864<br > -<br > -General J. B. HOOD, commanding army of Tennessee.<br > -<br > +1864<br> +<br> +General J. B. HOOD, commanding army of Tennessee.<br> +<br> GENERAL: As the militia of the State were called out for the defense of Atlanta during the campaign against it, which has terminated by the fall of the city into the hands of the enemy, and @@ -23653,40 +23660,40 @@ campaign, to return to their homes, and look for a time after important interests, and prepare themselves for such service as may be required when another campaign commences against other important points in the State. I therefore hereby withdraw said organization -from your command . . . .<br > -<br > +from your command . . . .<br> +<br> JOSEPH C. BROWN</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This militia had composed a division under command of Major-General Gustavus W. Smith, and were thus dispersed to their homes, to gather the corn and sorghum, then ripe and ready for the harvesters.</p> <p>On the 17th I received by telegraph from President Lincoln this -dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, D.C., September 17, 1864<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN:<br > -<br > +dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, D.C., September 17, 1864<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN:<br> +<br> I feel great interest in the subjects of your dispatch, mentioning -corn and sorghum, and the contemplated visit to you.<br > -<br > +corn and sorghum, and the contemplated visit to you.<br> +<br> A. LINCOLN, President of the United States.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>I replied at once:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote>HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 17, 1864.<br > -<br > -President LINCOLN, Washington., D. C.:<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>I replied at once:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote>HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 17, 1864.<br> +<br> +President LINCOLN, Washington., D. C.:<br> +<br> I will keep the department fully advised of all developments -connected with the subject in which you feel interested.<br > -<br > +connected with the subject in which you feel interested.<br> +<br> Mr. Wright, former member of Congress from Rome, Georgia, and Mr. King, of Marietta, are now going between Governor Brown and myself. I have said to them that some of the people of Georgia are engaged @@ -23696,20 +23703,20 @@ for her, only by withdrawing her quota out of the Confederate Army, and aiding me to expel Hood from the borders of the State; in which event, instead of desolating the land as we progress, I will keep our men to the high-roads and commons, and pay for the corn and -meat we need and take.<br > -<br > +meat we need and take.<br> +<br> I am fully conscious of the delicate nature of such assertions, but it would be a magnificent stroke of policy if we could, without surrendering principle or a foot of ground, arouse the latent -enmity of Georgia against Davis.<br > -<br > +enmity of Georgia against Davis.<br> +<br> The people do not hesitate to say that Mr. Stephens was and is a Union man at heart; and they say that Davis will not trust him or -let him have a share in his Government.<br > -<br > +let him have a share in his Government.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I have not the least doubt that Governor Brown, at that time, seriously entertained the proposition; but he hardly felt ready to act, and simply gave a furlough to the militia, and called a @@ -23766,71 +23773,71 @@ soil," etc., etc. He made no concealment of these vainglorious boasts, and thus gave us the full key to his future designs. To be forewarned was to be forearmed, and I think we took full advantage of the occasion.</p> -<p>On the 26th I received this dispatch.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA,September 26,1864-10 a.m.<br > -<br > +<p>On the 26th I received this dispatch.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA,September 26,1864-10 A.M.<br> +<br> Major-General SHERMAN, Atlanta It will be better to drive Forrest out of Middle Tennessee as a first step, and do any thing else you may feel your force sufficient for. When a movement is made on any part of the sea-coast, I will advise you. If Hood goes to the Alabama line, will it not be impossible for him to subsist his army? U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>Answer:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>Answer:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, -ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 26, 1864.<br > -<br > +ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 26, 1864.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have your dispatch of to-day. I have already sent one division (Newton's) to Chattanooga, and another (Corse's) to -Rome.<br > -<br > +Rome.<br> +<br> Our armies are much reduced, and if I send back any more, I will not be able to threaten Georgia much. There are men enough to the rear to whip Forrest, but they are necessarily scattered to defend -the roads.<br > -<br > +the roads.<br> +<br> Can you expedite the sending to Nashville of the recruits that are -in Indiana and Ohio? They could occupy the forts.<br > -<br > +in Indiana and Ohio? They could occupy the forts.<br> +<br> Hood is now on the West Point road, twenty-four miles south of this, and draws his supplies by that road. Jefferson Davis is there -to-day, and superhuman efforts will be made to break my road.<br > -<br > +to-day, and superhuman efforts will be made to break my road.<br> +<br> Forrest is now lieutenant-general, and commands all the enemy's -cavalry.<br > -<br > +cavalry.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>General Grant first thought I was in error in supposing that Jeff. Davis was at Macon and Palmetto, but on the 27th I received a printed copy of his speech made at Macon on the 22d, which was so significant that I ordered it to be telegraphed entire as far as Louisville, to be sent thence by mail to Washington, and on the -same day received this dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., September 27, 1864-9 a.m.<br > +same day received this dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., September 27, 1864-9 A.M.<br> Major-General SHERMAN, Atlanta: You say Jeff Davis is on a visit to General Hood. I judge that Brown and Stephens are the objects of -his visit.<br > -A. LINCOLN, President of the United States.<br > -<br > -To which I replied:<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 28, 1864.<br > -<br > -President LINCOLN, Washington, D. C.:<br > -<br > +his visit.<br> +A. LINCOLN, President of the United States.<br> +<br> +To which I replied:<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 28, 1864.<br> +<br> +President LINCOLN, Washington, D. C.:<br> +<br> I have positive knowledge that Mr. Davis made a speech at Macon, on the 22d, which I mailed to General Halleck yesterday. It was bitter against General Jos. Johnston and Governor Brown. The militia are @@ -23839,18 +23846,18 @@ to meet next month, but he is afraid to act unless in concert with other Governors, Judge Wright, of Rome, has been here, and Messrs. Hill and Nelson, former members of Congress, are here now, and will go to meet Wright at Rome, and then go back to Madison and -Milledgeville.<br > -<br > +Milledgeville.<br> +<br> Great efforts are being made to reenforce Hood's army, and to break up my railroads, and I should have at once a good reserve force at Nashville. It would have a bad effect, if I were forced to send back any considerable part of my army to guard roads, so as to weaken me to an extent that I could not act offensively if the -occasion calls for it.<br > -<br > +occasion calls for it.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>All this time Hood and I were carrying on the foregoing correspondence relating to the exchange of prisoners, the removal of the people from Atlanta, and the relief of our prisoners of war @@ -23881,11 +23888,11 @@ articles, but they did not reach Andersonville in time, for the prisoners were soon after removed; these supplies did, however, finally overtake them at Jacksonville, Florida, just before the war closed.</p> -<p>On the 28th I received from General Grant two dispatches<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA; September 27, 1864-8.30 a.m. Major-General +<p>On the 28th I received from General Grant two dispatches<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA; September 27, 1864-8.30 A.M. Major-General SHERMAN: It is evident, from the tone of the Richmond press and from other sources of information, that the enemy intend making a desperate effort to drive you from where you are. I have directed @@ -23893,16 +23900,16 @@ all new troops from the West, and from the East too, if necessary, in case none are ready in the West, to be sent to you. If General Burbridge is not too far on his way to Abingdon, I think he had better be recalled and his surplus troops sent into Tennessee. U. -S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA; September 27, 1864-10.30 a.m. Major-General +S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA; September 27, 1864-10.30 A.M. Major-General SHERMAN: I have directed all recruits and new troops from all the Western States to be sent to Nashville, to receive their further orders from you. I was mistaken about Jeff. Davis being in Richmond on Thursday last. He was then on his way to Macon. U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Forrest having already made his appearance in Middle Tennessee, and Hood evidently edging off in that direction, satisfied me that the general movement against our roads had begun. I therefore @@ -24000,7 +24007,7 @@ present aide-de-camp. He had two small redoubts on either side of the railroad, overlooking the village of Allatoona, and the warehouses, in which were stored over a million rations of bread.</p> -<p>Reaching Kenesaw Mountain about 8 a.m. of October 5th (a +<p>Reaching Kenesaw Mountain about 8 A.M. of October 5th (a beautiful day), I had a superb view of the vast panorama to the north and west. To the southwest, about Dallas, could be seen the smoke of camp-fires, indicating the presence of a large force of @@ -24032,19 +24039,19 @@ this result to the effect of General Cog's march, but later in the afternoon the signal-flag announced the welcome tidings that the attack had been fairly repulsed, but that General Corse was wounded. The next day my aide, Colonel Dayton, received this -characteristic dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -ALLATOONA, GEORGIA, October 6, 1884-2 P.M.<br > -Captain L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp:<br > +characteristic dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +ALLATOONA, GEORGIA, October 6, 1884-2 P.M.<br> +Captain L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp:<br> I am short a cheek-bone and an ear, but am able to whip all h—l yet! My losses are very heavy. A force moving from Stilesboro' to Kingston gives me some anxiety. Tell me where -Sherman is.<br > +Sherman is.<br> JOHN M. CORSE, Brigadier-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Inasmuch as the enemy had retreated southwest, and would probably next appear at Rome, I answered General Corse with orders to get back to Rome with his troops as quickly as possible.</p> @@ -24056,7 +24063,7 @@ a train of thirty empty cars was started for him, but about ten of them got off the track and caused delay. By 7 p.m. he had at Rome a train of twenty cars, which he loaded up with Colonel Rowett's brigade, and part of the Twelfth Illinois Infantry; started at 8 -p.m., reached Allatoona (distant thirty-five miles) at 1 a.m. of +p.m., reached Allatoona (distant thirty-five miles) at 1 A.M. of the 5th, and sent the train back for more men; but the road was in bad order, and no more men came in time. He found Colonel Tourtellotte's garrison composed of eight hundred and ninety men; @@ -24066,49 +24073,49 @@ engaged, and as soon as daylight came he drew back the men from the village to the ridge on which the redoubts were built.</p> <p>The enemy was composed of French's division of three brigades, variously reported from four to five thousand strong. This force -gradually surrounded the place by 8 a.m., when General French sent -in by flag of truce this note:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -AROUND ALLATOONA, October 5, 1884.<br > -<br > -Commanding Officer, United States Forces, Allatoona:<br > -<br > +gradually surrounded the place by 8 A.M., when General French sent +in by flag of truce this note:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +AROUND ALLATOONA, October 5, 1884.<br> +<br> +Commanding Officer, United States Forces, Allatoona:<br> +<br> I have placed the forces under my command in such positions that you are surrounded, and to avoid a needless effusion of blood I call on you to surrender your forces at once, and -unconditionally.<br > -<br > +unconditionally.<br> +<br> Five minutes will be allowed you to decide. Should you accede to this, you will be treated in the most honorable manner as prisoners -of war.<br > -<br > -I have the honor to be, very respectfully yours,<br > -<br > -S. G. FRENCH,<br > +of war.<br> +<br> +I have the honor to be, very respectfully yours,<br> +<br> +S. G. FRENCH,<br> Major-General commanding forces Confederate States.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>General Corse answered immediately:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS FOURTH DIVISION, FIFTEENTH CORPS<br > -ALLATOONA, GEORGIA, October 5, 1864.<br > -<br > -Major-General S. G. FRENCH, Confederate States, etc:<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>General Corse answered immediately:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS FOURTH DIVISION, FIFTEENTH CORPS<br> +ALLATOONA, GEORGIA, October 5, 1864.<br> +<br> +Major-General S. G. FRENCH, Confederate States, etc:<br> +<br> Your communication demanding surrender of my command I acknowledge receipt of, and respectfully reply that we are prepared for the -"needless effusion of blood" whenever it is agreeable to you.<br > -<br > -I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +"needless effusion of blood" whenever it is agreeable to you.<br> +<br> +I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> JOHN M. CORSE, Brigadier-General commanding forces United States.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Of course the attack began at once, coming from front, flank, and rear. There were two small redoubts, with slight parapets and ditches, one on each side of the deep railroad-cut. These redoubts @@ -24118,7 +24125,7 @@ overlooked the storehouses close by the railroad, and each could aid the other defensively by catching in flank the attacking force of the other. Our troops at first endeavored to hold some ground outside the redoubts, but were soon driven inside, when the enemy -made repeated assaults, but were always driven back. About 11 a.m., +made repeated assaults, but were always driven back. About 11 A.M., Colonel Redfield, of the Thirty-ninth Iowa, was killed, and Colonel Rowett was wounded, but never ceased to fight and encourage his men. Colonel Tourtellotte was shot through the hips, but continued @@ -24171,10 +24178,10 @@ a good many dead men, which had been collected for burial.</p> </div> <p>I esteemed this defense of Allatoona so handsome and important, that I made it the subject of a general order, viz., No. 86, of -October 7, 1864:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +October 7, 1864:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> The general commanding avails himself of the opportunity, in the handsome defense made of Allatoona, to illustrate the most important principle in war, that fortified posts should be defended @@ -24184,17 +24191,17 @@ are hereby accorded to General Corse, Colonel Tourtellotte, Colonel Rowett, officers, and men, for their determined and gallant defense of Allatoona, and it is made an example to illustrate the importance of preparing in time, and meeting the danger, when -present, boldly, manfully, and well.<br > -<br > +present, boldly, manfully, and well.<br> +<br> Commanders and garrisons of the posts along our railroad are hereby instructed that they must hold their posts to the last minute, sure that the time gained is valuable and necessary to their comrades at -the front.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br > +the front.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br> L. M. DAYTON, Aide-A-Camp.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The rebels had struck our railroad a heavy blow, burning every tie, bending the rails for eight miles, from Big Shanty to above Acworth, so that the estimate for repairs called for thirty-five @@ -24252,10 +24259,10 @@ destroy all the road below Chattanooga, including Atlanta, and to make for the sea-coast. We cannot defend this long line of road.</p> <p>And on the same day I telegraphed to General Grant, at City -Point:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +Point:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> It will be a physical impossibility to protect the roads, now that Hood, Forrest, Wheeler, and the whole batch of devils, are turned loose without home or habitation. I think Hood's movements indicate @@ -24271,54 +24278,54 @@ we will lose a thousand men each month, and will gain no result. I can make this march, and make Georgia howl! We have on hand over eight thousand head of cattle and three million rations of bread, but no corn. We can find plenty of forage in the interior of the -State.<br > -<br > +State.<br> +<br> Meantime the rebel General Forrest had made a bold circuit in Middle Tennessee, avoiding all fortified points, and breaking up the railroad at several places; but, as usual, he did his work so hastily and carelessly that our engineers soon repaired the damage—then, retreating before General Rousseau, he left the State of Tennessee, crossing the river near Florence, Alabama, and -got off unharmed.<br > -<br > +got off unharmed.<br> +<br> On the 10th of October the enemy appeared south of the Etowah River at Rome, when I ordered all the armies to march to Kingston, rode myself to Cartersville with the Twenty-third Corps (General Cox), -and telegraphed from there to General Thomas at Nashville:<br > -<br > +and telegraphed from there to General Thomas at Nashville:<br> +<br> It looks to me as though Hood was bound for Tuscumbia. He is now crossing the Coosa River below Rome, looking west. Let me know if you can hold him with your forces now in Tennessee and the expected -reenforeements, as, in that event, you know what I propose to -do.<br > -<br > +reenforcements, as, in that event, you know what I propose to +do.<br> +<br> I will be at Kingston to-morrow. I think Rome is strong enough to resist any attack, and the rivers are all high. If he turns up by Summerville, I will get in behind him.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>And on the same day to General Grant, at City Point:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>And on the same day to General Grant, at City Point:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> Hood is now crossing the Coosa, twelve miles below Rome, bound west. If he passes over to the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, had I not better execute the plan of my letter sent you by Colonel Porter, and leave General Thomas, with the troops now in Tennessee, to defend the State? He will have an ample force when the -reenforcements ordered reach Nashville.<br > -<br > +reenforcements ordered reach Nashville.<br> +<br> I found General John E. Smith at Cartersville, and on the 11th rode on to Kingston, where I had telegraphic communications in all -directions.<br > -<br > +directions.<br> +<br> From General Corse, at Rome, I learned that Hood's army had disappeared, but in what direction he was still in doubt; and I was so strongly convinced of the wisdom of my proposition to change the whole tactics of the campaign, to leave Hood to General Thomas, and to march across Georgia for Savannah or Charleston, that I again -telegraphed to General Grant:<br > -<br > +telegraphed to General Grant:<br> +<br> We cannot now remain on the defensive. With twenty-five thousand infantry and the bold cavalry he has, Hood can constantly break my road. I would infinitely prefer to make a wreck of the road and of @@ -24332,8 +24339,8 @@ will have to guess at my plans. The difference in war would be fully twenty-five per pent. I can make Savannah, Charleston, or the month of the Chattahoochee (Appalachicola). Answer quick, as I know we will not have the telegraph long.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I received no answer to this at the time, and the next day went on to Rome, where the news came that Hood had made his appearance at Resaca, and had demanded the surrender of the place, which was @@ -24359,44 +24366,44 @@ night, and the next morning (13th) learned that Hood's whole army had passed up the valley toward Dalton, burning the railroad and doing all the damage possible.</p> <p>On the 12th he had demanded the surrender of Resaca in the -following letter<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF TENNESSEE IN THE FIELD, October 12,1861.<br > -<br > -To the officer commanding the United Stales Forces at Resaca, -Georgia.<br > -<br > +following letter<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF TENNESSEE IN THE FIELD, October 12,1861.<br> +<br> +To the officer commanding the United States Forces at Resaca, +Georgia.<br> +<br> SIR: I demand the immediate and unconditional surrender of the post and garrison under your command, and, should this be acceded to, all white officers and soldiers will be parolled in a few days. If the place is carried by assault, no prisoners will be taken. Most -respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> J. B. HOOD, General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>To this Colonel Weaver, then in command, replied:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE, THIRD DIVISION, FIFTEENTH CORPS<br > -RESACA, GEORGIA, October 12, 1884.<br > -<br > -To General J. B. HOOD<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>To this Colonel Weaver, then in command, replied:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE, THIRD DIVISION, FIFTEENTH CORPS<br> +RESACA, GEORGIA, October 12, 1884.<br> +<br> +To General J. B. HOOD<br> +<br> Your communication of this date just received. In reply, I have to state that I am somewhat surprised at the concluding paragraph, to the effect that, if the place is carried by assault, no prisoners will be taken. In my opinion I can hold this post. If you want it, -come and take it.<br > -<br > -I am, general, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,<br > -<br > +come and take it.<br> +<br> +I am, general, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,<br> +<br> CLARK R. WEAVER, Commanding Officer.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This brigade was very small, and as Hood's investment extended only from the Oostenaula, below the town, to the Connesauga above, he left open the approach from the south, which enabled General @@ -24435,26 +24442,26 @@ in Washington were willing I should undertake the march across Georgia to the sea. The translated dispatch named "Horse-i-bar Sound" as the point where the fleet would await my arrival. After much time I construed it to mean, "Ossabaw Sound," below Savannah, -which was correct.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -On the 16th I telegraphed to General Thomas, at Nashville:<br > -<br > +which was correct.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +On the 16th I telegraphed to General Thomas, at Nashville:<br> +<br> Send me Morgan's and Newton's old divisions. Reestablish the road, and I will follow Hood wherever he may go. I think he will move to Blue Mountain. We can maintain our men and animals on the country.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>General Thomas's reply was:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -NASHVILLE, October 17, 1864—10.30 a.m.<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN:<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>General Thomas's reply was:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +NASHVILLE, October 17, 1864—10.30 A.M.<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN:<br> +<br> Your dispatch from Ship's Gap, 5 p.m. of the 16th, just received. Schofield, whom I placed in command of the two divisions (Wagner's and Morgan's), was to move up Lookout Valley this A.M., to @@ -24465,17 +24472,17 @@ and block-houses .... Mower and Wilson have arrived, and are on their way to join you. I hope you will adopt Grant's idea of turning Wilson loose, rather than undertake the plan of a march with the whole force through Georgia to the sea, inasmuch as -General Grant cannot cooperate with you as at first arranged.<br > -<br > +General Grant cannot cooperate with you as at first arranged.<br> +<br> GEORGE H. THOMAS, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>So it is clear that at that date neither General Grant nor General Thomas heartily favored my proposed plan of campaign. On -the same day, I wrote to General Schofield at Chattanooga:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +the same day, I wrote to General Schofield at Chattanooga:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> Hood is not at Dear Head Cove. We occupy Ship's Gap and Lafayette. Hood is moving south via Summerville, Alpine, and Gadsden. If he enters Tennessee, it will be to the west of Huntsville, but I think @@ -24488,8 +24495,8 @@ Your first move on Trenton and Valley Head was right —the move to defend Caperton's Ferry is wrong. Notify General Thomas of these my views. We must follow Hood till he is beyond the reach of mischief, and then resume the offensive.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The correspondence between me and the authorities at Washington, as well as with the several army commanders, given at length in the report of the Committee on the Conduct of the War, is full on all @@ -24526,10 +24533,10 @@ Gaylesville. Meantime, also, Hood had reached the neighborhood of Gadsden, and drew his supplies from the railroad at Blue Mountain.</p> <p>On the 19th of October I telegraphed to General Halleck, at -Washington:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +Washington:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> Hood has retreated rapidly by all the roads leading south. Our advance columns are now at Alpine and Melville Post-Office. I shall pursue him as far as Gaylesville. The enemy will not venture toward @@ -24541,14 +24548,14 @@ come out at Savannah, destroying all the railroads of the State. The break in our railroad at Big Shanty is almost repaired, and that about Dalton should be done in ten days. We find abundance of forage in the country.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the same day I telegraphed to General L. C. Easton, chief-quartermaster, who had been absent on a visit to Missouri, -but had got back to Chattanooga:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +but had got back to Chattanooga:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> Go in person to superintend the repairs of the railroad, and make all orders in my name that will expedite its completion. I want it finished, to bring back from Atlanta to Chattanooga the sick and @@ -24558,12 +24565,12 @@ clothing and haul in our wagons. There is plenty of corn in the country, and we only want forage for the posts. I allow ten days for all this to be done, by which time I expect to be at or near Atlanta.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I telegraphed also to General Amos Beckwith, chief-commissary in Atlanta, who was acting as chief-quartermaster during the absence -of General Easton:<br > -<br ></p> +of General Easton:<br> +<br></p> <blockquote>Hood will escape me. I want to prepare for my big raid. On the 1st of November I want nothing in Atlanta but what is necessary for war. Send all trash to the rear at once, and have on @@ -24572,8 +24579,8 @@ Atlanta, and the railroad back to Chattanooga, to sally forth to ruin Georgia and bring up on the seashore. Make all dispositions accordingly. I will go down the Coosa until I am sure that Hood has gone to Blue Mountain.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 21st of October I reached Gaylesville, had my bivouac in an open field back of the village, and remained there till the 28th. During that time General Schofield arrived, with the two @@ -24605,13 +24612,13 @@ Hood's army at Gadsden; that, without assuming direct command of that army, he had authority from the Confederate Government to direct all its movements, and to call to his assistance the whole strength of the South. His orders, on assuming command, were full -of alarm and desperation, dated:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE WEST<br > -October 17, 1864<br > -<br > +of alarm and desperation, dated:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE WEST<br> +October 17, 1864<br> +<br> In assuming command, at this critical juncture, of the Military Division of the West, I appeal to my countrymen, of all classes and sections, for their generous support. In assigning me to this @@ -24620,14 +24627,14 @@ extended to me the assurance of his earnest support. The Executives of your States meet me with similar expressions of their devotion to our cause. The noble army in the field, composed of brave men and gallant officers, are strangers to me, but I know they will do -all that patriots can achieve.....<br > -<br > +all that patriots can achieve.....<br> +<br> The army of Sherman still defiantly holds Atlanta. He can and must be driven from it. It is only for the good people of Georgia and surrounding states to speak the word, and the work is done, we have abundant provisions. There are men enough in the country, liable to -and able for service, to accomplish the result.....<br > -<br > +and able for service, to accomplish the result.....<br> +<br> My countrymen, respond to this call as you have done in days that are past, and, with the blessing of a kind and overruling Providence, the enemy shall be driven from your soil. The security @@ -24639,11 +24646,11 @@ summon us to the field. We cannot, dare not, will not fail to respond. Full of hope and confidence, I come to join you in your struggles, sharing your privations, and, with your brave and true men, to strike the blow that shall bring success to our arms, -triumph to our cause, and peace to our country! . . .<br > -<br > +triumph to our cause, and peace to our country! . . .<br> +<br> G. T. BEAUREGARD, General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Notwithstanding this somewhat boastful order or appeal, General Beauregard did not actually accompany General Hood on his disastrous march to Nashville, but took post at Corinth, @@ -24772,14 +24779,14 @@ in a very few days the tide would turn.</p> <p>On the 1st of November I telegraphed very fully to General Grant, at City Point, who must have been disturbed by the wild rumors that filled the country, and on the 2d of November received -(at Rome) this dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -CITY POINT, November 1, 1864—6 P.M.<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN:<br > -<br > +(at Rome) this dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +CITY POINT, November 1, 1864—6 P.M.<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN:<br> +<br> Do you not think it advisable, now that Hood has gone so far north, to entirely ruin him before starting on your proposed campaign? With Hood's army destroyed, you can go where you please with @@ -24789,18 +24796,18 @@ forced to go after you. Now that he is far away he might look upon the chase as useless, and he will go in one direction while you are pushing in the other. If you can see a chance of destroying Hood's army, attend to that first, and make your other move -secondary.<br > -<br > +secondary.<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>My answer is dated:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -ROME, GEORGIA, November 2, 1864.<br > -Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia:<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>My answer is dated:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +ROME, GEORGIA, November 2, 1864.<br> +Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia:<br> +<br> Your dispatch is received. If I could hope to overhaul Hood, I would turn against him with my whole force; then he would retreat to the south west, drawing me as a decoy away from Georgia, which @@ -24818,22 +24825,22 @@ pick up and start in any direction; but I regard the pursuit of Hood as useless. Still, if he attempts to invade Middle Tennessee, I will hold Decatur, and be prepared to move in that direction; but, unless I let go of Atlanta, my force will not be equal to -his.<br > -<br > +his.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>By this date, under the intelligent and energetic action of Colonel W. W. Wright, and with the labor of fifteen hundred men, the railroad break of fifteen miles about Dalton was repaired so far as to admit of the passage of cars, and I transferred my headquarters to Kingston as more central; and from that place, on the same day (November 2d), again telegraphed to General -Grant:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -KINGSTON, GEORGIA, November 2, 1884.<br > +Grant:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +KINGSTON, GEORGIA, November 2, 1884.<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia: If I turn back, the whole effect of my campaign will be lost. By my movements I have thrown Beauregard (Hood) well to the west, and Thomas will @@ -24844,32 +24851,32 @@ our communications. I do not believe the Confederate army can reach our railroad-lines except by cavalry-raids, and Wilson will have cavalry enough to checkmate them. I am clearly of opinion that the best results will follow my contemplated movement through -Georgia.<br > +Georgia.<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>That same day I received, in answer to the Rome dispatch, the -following:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, November 2,1864—11.30 a.m.<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN:<br > -<br > +following:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, November 2,1864—11.30 A.M.<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN:<br> +<br> Your dispatch of 9 A.M. yesterday is just received. I dispatched you the same date, advising that Hood's army, now that it had worked so far north, ought to be looked upon now as the "object." With the force, however, that you have left with General Thomas, he -must be able to take care of Hood and destroy him.<br > -<br > +must be able to take care of Hood and destroy him.<br> +<br> I do not see that you can withdraw from where you are to follow Hood, without giving up all we have gained in territory. I say, -then, go on as you propose.<br > -<br > +then, go on as you propose.<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General,</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This was the first time that General Grant ordered the "march to the sea," and, although many of his warm friends and admirers insist that he was the author and projector of that march, and that @@ -24877,12 +24884,12 @@ I simply executed his plans, General Grant has never, in my opinion, thought so or said so. The truth is fully given in an original letter of President Lincoln, which I received at Savannah, Georgia, and have at this instant before me, every word of which is -in his own familiar handwriting. It is dated—<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, December 26, 1864.<br > -<br > +in his own familiar handwriting. It is dated—<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, December 26, 1864.<br> +<br> When you were about leaving Atlanta for the Atlantic coast, I was anxious, if not fearful; but, feeling that you were the better judge, and remembering "nothing risked, nothing gained," I did not @@ -24896,11 +24903,11 @@ an important new service, and yet leaving enough to vanquish the old opposing force of the whole, Hood's army, it brings those who sat in darkness to see a great light. But what next? I suppose it will be safer if I leave General Grant and yourself to -decide.<br > -<br > +decide.<br> +<br> A. LINCOLN</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Of course, this judgment; made after the event, was extremely flattering and was all I ever expected, a recognition of the truth and of its importance. I have often been asked, by well-meaning @@ -24962,24 +24969,24 @@ election then agitating the country.</p> General Grant, reviewing the whole situation, gave him my full plan of action, stated that I was ready to march as soon as the election was over, and appointed November 10th as the day for starting. On -the 8th I received this dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, November 7, 1864-10.30 P.M.<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN:<br > -<br > +the 8th I received this dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, November 7, 1864-10.30 P.M.<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN:<br> +<br> Your dispatch of this evening received. I see no present reason for changing your plan. Should any arise, you will see it, or if I do I will inform you. I think everything here is favorable now. Great good fortune attend you! I believe you will be eminently successful, and, at worst, can only make a march less fruitful of -results than hoped for.<br > -<br > +results than hoped for.<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Meantime trains of cars were whirling by, carrying to the rear an immense amount of stores which had accumulated at Atlanta, and at the other stations along the railroad; and General Steedman had @@ -25003,32 +25010,32 @@ sat on the edge of a porch to rest, when the telegraph operator, Mr. Van Valkenburg, or Eddy, got the wire down from the poles to his lap, in which he held a small pocket instrument. Calling "Chattanooga," he received this message from General Thomas, -dated:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -NASHVILLE, November 12, 1884—8.80 A.M.<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN:<br > -<br > +dated:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +NASHVILLE, November 12, 1884—8.80 A.M.<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN:<br> +<br> Your dispatch of twelve o'clock last night is received. I have no fears that Beauregard can do us any harm now, and, if he attempts to follow you, I will follow him as far as possible. If he does not follow you, I will then thoroughly organize my troops, and believe I shall have men enough to ruin him unless he gets out of the way -very rapidly.<br > -<br > +very rapidly.<br> +<br> The country of Middle Alabama, I learn, is teeming with supplies this year, which will be greatly to our advantage. I have no additional news to report from the direction of Florence. I am now convinced that the greater part of Beauregard's army is near Florence and Tuscumbia, and that you will have at least a clear road before you for several days, and that your success will fully -equal your expectations.<br > -<br > +equal your expectations.<br> +<br> George H. THOMAS, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I answered simply: "Dispatch received—all right." About that instant of time, some of our men burnt a bridge, which severed the telegraph-wire, and all communication with the rear ceased @@ -25043,31 +25050,31 @@ and I was strongly inspired with the feeling that the movement on our part was a direct attack upon the rebel army and the rebel capital at Richmond, though a full thousand miles of hostile country intervened, and that, for better or worse, it would end the -war.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +war.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch21"></a>CHAPTER XXI.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>THE MARCH TO THE SEA FROM ATLANTA TO SAVANNAH.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER, 1864.</p> </div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Atlanta_7"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Atlanta 7.jpg (204K)" src="images/Atlanta7.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Atlanta 7.jpg (204K)" src="images/Atlanta7.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Atlanta7.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt= -"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +"Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>On the 12th of November the railroad and telegraph communications with the rear were broken, and the army stood detached from all friends, dependent on its own resources and @@ -25122,15 +25129,15 @@ though they called for great sacrifice and labor on the part of the officers and men, I insist that these orders were obeyed as well as any similar orders ever were, by an army operating wholly in an enemy's country, and dispersed, as we necessarily were, during the -subsequent period of nearly six months.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Field Orders, No. 119.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, KINGSTON, GEORGIA, November 8, 1864<br > -<br > +subsequent period of nearly six months.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Field Orders, No. 119.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, KINGSTON, GEORGIA, November 8, 1864<br> +<br> The general commanding deems it proper at this time to inform the officers and men of the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Twentieth Corps, that he has organized them into an army for a @@ -25153,32 +25160,32 @@ should be encouraged to encumber us on the march. At some future time we will be able to provide for the poor whites and blacks who seek to escape the bondage under which they are now suffering. With these few simple cautions, he hopes to lead you to achievements -equal in importance to those of the past.<br > -<br > +equal in importance to those of the past.<br> +<br> By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman, L. M. DAYTON, -Aide-de-Camp.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[Special Field Orders, No. 120.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, KINGSTON, GEORGIA, November 9, 1864<br > -<br > +Aide-de-Camp.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[Special Field Orders, No. 120.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, KINGSTON, GEORGIA, November 9, 1864<br> +<br> 1. For the purpose of military operations, this army is divided -into two wings viz.:<br > -<br > +into two wings viz.:<br> +<br> The right wing, Major-General O. O. Howard commanding, composed of the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps; the left wing, Major-General H. W. Slocum commanding, composed of the Fourteenth and Twentieth -Corps.<br > -<br > +Corps.<br> +<br> 2. The habitual order of march will be, wherever practicable, by four roads, as nearly parallel as possible, and converging at points hereafter to be indicated in orders. The cavalry, Brigadier-General Kilpatrick commanding, will receive special -orders from the commander-in-chief.<br > -<br > +orders from the commander-in-chief.<br> +<br> 3. There will be no general train of supplies, but each corps will have its ammunition-train and provision-train, distributed habitually as follows: Behind each regiment should follow one wagon @@ -25186,10 +25193,10 @@ and one ambulance; behind each brigade should follow a due proportion of ammunition-wagons, provision-wagons, and ambulances. In case of danger, each corps commander should change this order of march, by having his advance and rear brigades unencumbered by -wheels. The separate columns will start habitually at 7 a.m., and +wheels. The separate columns will start habitually at 7 A.M., and make about fifteen miles per day, unless otherwise fixed in -orders.<br > -<br > +orders.<br> +<br> 4. The army will forage liberally on the country during the march. To this end, each brigade commander will organize a good and sufficient foraging party, under the command of one or more @@ -25203,20 +25210,20 @@ they may be permitted to gather turnips, potatoes, and other vegetables, and to drive in stock in sight of their camp. To regular foraging-parties must be intrusted the gathering of provisions and forage, at any distance from the road -traveled.<br > -<br > +traveled.<br> +<br> 6. To corps commanders alone is intrusted the power to destroy mills, houses, cotton-gins, etc.; and for them this general -principle is laid down:<br > -<br > +principle is laid down:<br> +<br> In districts and neighborhoods where the army is unmolested, no destruction of each property should be permitted; but should guerrillas or bushwhackers molest our march, or should the inhabitants burn bridges, obstruct roads, or otherwise manifest local hostility, then army commanders should order and enforce a devastation more or less relentless, according to the measure of -such hostility.<br > -<br > +such hostility.<br> +<br> 6. As for horses, mules, wagons, etc., belonging to the inhabitants, the cavalry and artillery may appropriate freely and without limit; discriminating, however, between the rich, who are @@ -25228,13 +25235,13 @@ whatever kind, the parties engaged will refrain from abusive or threatening language, and may, where the officer in command thinks proper, give written certificates of the facts, but no receipts; and they will endeavor to leave with each family a reasonable -portion for their maintenance,<br > -<br > +portion for their maintenance,<br> +<br> 7. Negroes who are able-bodied and can be of service to the several columns may be taken along; but each army commander will bear in mind that the question of supplies is a very important one, and -that his first duty is to see to those who bear arms.<br > -<br > +that his first duty is to see to those who bear arms.<br> +<br> 8. The organization, at once, of a good pioneer battalion for each army corps, composed if possible of negroes, should be attended to. This battalion should follow the advance-guard, repair roads and @@ -25242,18 +25249,18 @@ double them if possible, so that the columns will not be delayed after reaching bad places. Also, army commanders should practise the habit of giving the artillery and wagons the road, marching their troops on one side, and instruct their troops to assist -wagons at steep hills or bad crossings of streams.<br > -<br > +wagons at steep hills or bad crossings of streams.<br> +<br> 9. Captain O. M. Poe, chief-engineer, will assign to each wing of the army a pontoon-train, fully equipped and organized; and the commanders thereof will see to their being properly protected at -all times.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br > -<br > +all times.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br> +<br> L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The greatest possible attention had been given to the artillery and wagon trains. The number of guns had been reduced to sixty-five, or about one gun to each thousand men, and these were @@ -25333,7 +25340,7 @@ previous campaign, but at Kingston his face was so swollen with erysipelas that he was reluctantly compelled to leave us for the rear; and he could not, on recovering, rejoin us till we had reached Savannah.</p> -<p>About 7 a.m. of November 16th we rode out of Atlanta by the +<p>About 7 A.M. of November 16th we rode out of Atlanta by the Decatur road, filled by the marching troops and wagons of the Fourteenth Corps; and reaching the hill, just outside of the old rebel works, we naturally paused to look back upon the scenes of @@ -25699,52 +25706,52 @@ that bridges should be burned, roads obstructed, and no mercy shown us. Judging from the tone of the Southern press of that day, the outside world must have supposed us ruined and lost. I give a few of these appeals as samples, which to-day must sound strange to the -parties who made them:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -Corinth, Mississippi, November 18, 1884.<br > -<br > -To the People of Georgia:<br > -<br > +parties who made them:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +Corinth, Mississippi, November 18, 1884.<br> +<br> +To the People of Georgia:<br> +<br> Arise for the defense of your native soil! Rally around your patriotic Governor and gallant soldiers! Obstruct and destroy all the roads in Sherman's front, flank, and rear, and his army will soon starve in your midst. Be confident. Be resolute. Trust in an overruling Providence, and success will soon crown your efforts. I hasten to join you in the defense of your homes and -firesides.<br > -<br > -G. T. BEAUREGARD.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -RICHMOND, November 18, 1884.<br > -<br > -To the People of Georgia:<br > -<br > +firesides.<br> +<br> +G. T. BEAUREGARD.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +RICHMOND, November 18, 1884.<br> +<br> +To the People of Georgia:<br> +<br> You have now the best opportunity ever yet presented to destroy the enemy. Put every thing at the disposal of our generals; remove all provisions from the path of the, invader, and put all obstructions -in his path.<br > -<br > +in his path.<br> +<br> Every citizen with his gun, and every negro with his spade and axe, can do the work of a soldier. You can destroy the enemy by -retarding his march.<br > -<br > -Georgians, be firm! Act promptly, and fear not!<br > -<br > -B. H. Hill, Senator.<br > -<br > -I most cordially approve the above.<br > -James A. SEDDON, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -Richmond, November 19,1864.<br > -<br > -To the People of Georgia:<br > -<br > +retarding his march.<br> +<br> +Georgians, be firm! Act promptly, and fear not!<br> +<br> +B. H. Hill, Senator.<br> +<br> +I most cordially approve the above.<br> +James A. SEDDON, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +Richmond, November 19,1864.<br> +<br> +To the People of Georgia:<br> +<br> We have had a special conference with President Davis and the Secretary of War, and are able to assure you that they have done and are still doing all that can be done to meet the emergency that @@ -25752,18 +25759,18 @@ presses upon you. Let every man fly to arms! Remove your negroes, horses, cattle, and provisions from Sherman's army, and burn what you cannot carry. Burn all bridges, and block up the roads in his route. Assail the invader in front, flank, and rear, by night and -by day. Let him have no rest.<br > -<br > -JULIAN HARTRIDGE<br > -MARK BLANDFORD,<br > -J. H. ECHOLS<br > -GEO. N. LESTER<br > -JOHN T. SHUEMAKER<br > -JAS. M. SMITH,<br > -<br > +by day. Let him have no rest.<br> +<br> +JULIAN HARTRIDGE<br> +MARK BLANDFORD,<br> +J. H. ECHOLS<br> +GEO. N. LESTER<br> +JOHN T. SHUEMAKER<br> +JAS. M. SMITH,<br> +<br> Members of Congress.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Of course, we were rather amused than alarmed at these threats, and made light of the feeble opposition offered to our progress. Some of the officers (in the spirit of mischief) gathered together @@ -26151,15 +26158,15 @@ McAllister, and of my desire that means should be taken to establish a line of supply from the vessels in port up the Ogeechee to the rear of the army. As a sample, I give one of these notes, addressed to the Secretary of War, intended for publication to -relieve the anxiety of our friends at the North generally:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +relieve the anxiety of our friends at the North generally:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> ON BOARD DANDELION, OSSABAW SOUND, December 13, 1864--11.50 -p.m.<br > -<br > -To Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.:<br > -<br > +p.m.<br> +<br> +To Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.:<br> +<br> To-day, at 6 p. m., General Hazen's division of the Fifteenth Corps carried Fort McAllister by assault, capturing its entire garrison and stores. This opened to us Ossabaw Sound, and I pushed down to @@ -26170,38 +26177,38 @@ the Savannah River three miles above the city, and the right on the Ogeechee, at King's Bridge. The army is in splendid order, and equal to any thing. The weather has been fine, and supplies were abundant. Our march was most agreeable, and we were not at all -molested by guerrillas.<br > -<br > +molested by guerrillas.<br> +<br> We reached Savannah three days ago, but, owing to Fort McAllister, could not communicate; but, now that we have McAllister, we can go -ahead.<br > -<br > +ahead.<br> +<br> We have already captured two boats on the Savannah river and -prevented their gunboats from coming down.<br > -<br > +prevented their gunboats from coming down.<br> +<br> I estimate the population of Savannah at twenty-five thousand, and -the garrison at fifteen thousand. General Hardee commands.<br > -<br > +the garrison at fifteen thousand. General Hardee commands.<br> +<br> We have not lost a wagon on the trip; but have gathered a large supply of negroes, mules, horses, etc., and our teams are in far -better condition than when we started.<br > -<br > +better condition than when we started.<br> +<br> My first duty will be to clear the army of surplus negroes, mules, and horses. We have utterly destroyed over two hundred miles of rails, and consumed stores and provisions that were essential to -Lee's and Hood's armies.<br > -<br > +Lee's and Hood's armies.<br> +<br> The quick work made with McAllister, the opening of communication with our fleet, and our consequent independence as to supplies, dissipate all their boasted threats to head us off and starve the -army.<br > -<br > -I regard Savannah as already gained.<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > +army.<br> +<br> +I regard Savannah as already gained.<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>By this time the night was well advanced, and the tide was running ebb-strong; so I asked. Captain Williamson to tow us up as near Fort McAllister as he would venture for the torpedoes, of @@ -26305,28 +26312,28 @@ also came Lieutenant Dune, aide-de-camp, with the following letter of December 3d, from General Grant, and on the next day Colonel Babcock, United States Engineers, arrived with the letter of December 6th, both of which are in General Grant's own handwriting, -and are given entire:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, December 3, 1864.<br > -<br > +and are given entire:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, December 3, 1864.<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Armies near Savannah, -Georgia.<br > -<br > +Georgia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: The little information gleaned from the Southern press indicating no great obstacle to your progress, I have directed your mails (which had been previously collected in Baltimore by Colonel Markland, special-agent of the Post-Office Department) to be sent as far as the blockading squadron off Savannah, to be forwarded to -you as soon as heard from on the coast.<br > -<br > +you as soon as heard from on the coast.<br> +<br> Not liking to rejoice before the victory is assured, I abstain from congratulating you and those under your command, until bottom has been struck. I have never had a fear, however, for the -result.<br > -<br > +result.<br> +<br> Since you left Atlanta no very great progress has been made here. The enemy has been closely watched, though, and prevented from detaching against you. I think not one man has gone from here, @@ -26337,8 +26344,8 @@ Porter and General Butler are making to blow up Fort Fisher (which, while hoping for the best, I do not believe a particle in), there is a delay in getting this expedition off. I hope they will be ready to start by the 7th, and that Bragg will not have started -back by that time.<br > -<br > +back by that time.<br> +<br> In this letter I do not intend to give you any thing like directions for future action, but will state a general idea I have, and will get your views after you have established yourself on the @@ -26347,8 +26354,8 @@ two through routes from east to west possessed by the enemy before the fall of Atlanta. The condition will be filled by holding Savannah and Augusta, or by holding any other port to the east of Savannah and Branchville. If Wilmington falls, a force from there -can cooperate with you.<br > -<br > +can cooperate with you.<br> +<br> Thomas has got back into the defenses of Nashville, with Hood close upon him. Decatur has been abandoned, and so have all the roads, except the main one leading to Chattanooga. Part of this falling @@ -26357,33 +26364,33 @@ not look so, however, to me. In my opinion, Thomas far outnumbers Hood in infantry. In cavalry Hood has the advantage in morale and numbers. I hope yet that Hood will be badly crippled, if not destroyed. The general news you will learn from the papers better -than I can give it.<br > -<br > +than I can give it.<br> +<br> After all becomes quiet, and roads become so bad up here that there is likely to be a week or two when nothing can be done, I will run down the coast to see you. If you desire it, I will ask Mrs. -Sherman to go with me. Yours truly,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES.<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, December 6, 1864.<br > -<br > +Sherman to go with me. Yours truly,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES.<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, December 6, 1864.<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi<br > -<br > +Mississippi<br> +<br> GENERAL: On reflection since sending my letter by the hands of Lieutenant Dunn, I have concluded that the most important operation toward closing out the rebellion will be to close out Lee and his -army.<br > -<br > +army.<br> +<br> You have now destroyed the roads of the South so that it will probably take them three months without interruption to reestablish a through line from east to west. In that time I think the job here -will be effectually completed.<br > -<br > +will be effectually completed.<br> +<br> My idea now is that you establish a base on the sea-coast, fortify and leave in it all your artillery and cavalry, and enough infantry to protect them, and at the same time so threaten the interior that @@ -26391,8 +26398,8 @@ the militia of the South will have to be kept at home. With the balance of your command come here by water with all dispatch. Select yourself the officer to leave in command, but you I want in person. Unless you see objections to this plan which I cannot see, -use every vessel going to you for purposes of transportation.<br > -<br > +use every vessel going to you for purposes of transportation.<br> +<br> Hood has Thomas close in Nashville. I have said all I can to force him to attack, without giving the positive order until to-day. To-day, however, I could stand it no longer, and gave the order @@ -26400,11 +26407,11 @@ without any reserve. I think the battle will take place to-morrow. The result will probably be known in New York before Colonel Babcock (the bearer of this) will leave it. Colonel Babcock will give you full information of all operations now in progress. Very -respectfully your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +respectfully your obedient servant,<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The contents of these letters gave me great uneasiness, for I had set my heart on the capture of Savannah, which I believed to be practicable, and to be near; for me to embark for Virginia by sea @@ -26426,16 +26433,16 @@ answer to General Grant's letters (dated December 16, 1864) herewith, which is a little more full than the one printed in the report of the Committee on the Conduct of the War, because in that copy I omitted the matter concerning General Thomas, which now need -no longer be withheld:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, December 16, 1864.<br > -<br > +no longer be withheld:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, December 16, 1864.<br> +<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, Commander-in-Chief, City Point, -Virginia.<br > -<br > +Virginia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I received, day before yesterday, at the hands of Lieutenant Dunn, your letter of December 8d, and last night, at the hands of Colonel Babcock, that of December 6th. I had previously @@ -26443,16 +26450,16 @@ made you a hasty scrawl from the tugboat Dandelion, in Ogeechee River, advising you that the army had reached the sea-coast, destroying all the railroads across the State of Georgia, investing closely the city of Savannah, and had made connection with the -fleet.<br > -<br > +fleet.<br> +<br> Since writing that note, I have in person met and conferred with General Foster and Admiral Dahlgren, and made all the arrangements which were deemed essential for reducing the city of Savannah to our possession. But, since the receipt of yours of the 6th, I have initiated measures looking principally to coming to you with fifty or Sixty thousand infantry, and incidentally to capture Savannah, -if time will allow.<br > -<br > +if time will allow.<br> +<br> At the time we carried Fort McAllister by assault so handsomely, with its twenty-two guns and entire garrison, I was hardly aware of its importance; but, since passing down the river with General @@ -26513,12 +26520,12 @@ Foster, in position, near enough to reach the centre of the city, and then will demand its surrender. If General Hardee is alarmed, or fears starvation, he may surrender; otherwise I will bombard the city, but not risk the lives of our men by assaults across the -narrow causeways, by which alone I can now reach it.<br > -<br > +narrow causeways, by which alone I can now reach it.<br> +<br> If I had time, Savannah, with all its dependent fortifications, would surely fall into our possession, for we hold all its avenues -of supply.<br > -<br > +of supply.<br> +<br> The enemy has made two desperate efforts to get boats from above to the city, in both of which he has been foiled-General Slocum (whose left flank rests on the river) capturing and burning the first @@ -26550,16 +26557,16 @@ instantly to march to Columbia, South Carolina; thence to Raleigh, and thence to report to you. But this would consume, it may be, six weeks' time after the fall of Savannah; whereas, by sea, I can probably reach you with my men and arms before the middle of -January.<br > -<br > +January.<br> +<br> I myself am somewhat astonished at the attitude of things in Tennessee. I purposely delayed at Kingston until General Thomas assured me that he was all ready, and my last dispatch from him of the 12th of November was full of confidence, in which he promised me that he would ruin Hood if he dared to advance from Florence, urging me to go ahead, and give myself no concern about Hood's army -in Tennessee.<br > -<br > +in Tennessee.<br> +<br> Why he did not turn on him at Franklin, after checking and discomfiting him, surpasses my understanding. Indeed, I do not approve of his evacuating Decatur, but think he should have assumed @@ -26567,8 +26574,8 @@ the offensive against Hood from Pulaski, in the direction of Waynesburg. I know full well that General Thomas is slow in mind and in action; but he is judicious and brave and the troops feel great confidence in him. I still hope he will out-manoeuvre and -destroy Hood.<br > -<br > +destroy Hood.<br> +<br> As to matters in the Southeast, I think Hardee, in Savannah, has good artillerists, some five or six thousand good infantry, and, it may be, a mongrel mass of eight to ten thousand militia. In all our @@ -26580,8 +26587,8 @@ and overflowed rice-fields, extending from a point on the Savannah River about three miles above the city, around by a branch of the Little Ogeechee, which stream is impassable from its salt-marshes and boggy swamps, crossed only by narrow causeways or common -corduroy-roads.<br > -<br > +corduroy-roads.<br> +<br> There must be twenty-five thousand citizens, men, women, and children, in Savannah, that must also be fed, and how he is to feed them beyond a few days I cannot imagine. I know that his @@ -26598,13 +26605,13 @@ dislike to turning northward. I will keep Lieutenant Dunn here until I know the result of my demand for the surrender of Savannah, but, whether successful or not, shall not delay my execution of your order of the 6th, which will depend alone upon the time it -will require to obtain transportation by sea.<br > -<br > -I am, with respect, etc., your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +will require to obtain transportation by sea.<br> +<br> +I am, with respect, etc., your obedient servant,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General United States Army.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Having concluded all needful preparations, I rode from my headquarters, on the plank-road, over to General Slocum's headquarters, on the Macon road, and thence dispatched (by flag of @@ -26613,18 +26620,18 @@ inspector-general, a demand for the surrender of the place. The following letters give the result. General Hardee refused to surrender, and I then resolved to make the attempt to break his line of defense at several places, trusting that some one would -succeed.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +succeed.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE FIELD, -NEAR SAVANNAH, December 17, 1864.<br > -<br > +NEAR SAVANNAH, December 17, 1864.<br> +<br> General WILLIAM J. HARDEE, commanding Confederate Forces in -Savannah.<br > -<br > +Savannah.<br> +<br> GENERAL: You have doubtless observed, from your station at Rosedew that sea-going vessels now come through Ossabaw Sound and up the Ogeechee to the rear of my army, giving me abundant supplies of all @@ -26645,18 +26652,18 @@ national wrong which they attach to Savannah and other large cities which have been so prominent in dragging our country into civil war. I inclose you a copy of General Hood's demand for the surrender of the town of Resaoa, to be used by you for what it is -worth. I have the honor to be your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA<br > -SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 17, 1864<br > -<br > +worth. I have the honor to be your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA<br> +SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 17, 1864<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Federal Forces near -Savannah, Georgia.<br > -<br > +Savannah, Georgia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have to acknowledge the receipt of a communication from you of this date, in which you demand "the surrender of Savannah and its dependent forts," on the ground that you "have received @@ -26670,16 +26677,16 @@ make little effort to restrain your army," etc., etc. The position of your forces (a half-mile beyond the outer line for the land-defense of Savannah) is, at the nearest point, at least four miles from the heart of the city. That and the interior line are -both intact.<br > -<br > +both intact.<br> +<br> Your statement that you have, for some days, held and controlled every avenue by which the people and garrison can be supplied, is incorrect. I am in free and constant communication with my -department.<br > -<br > +department.<br> +<br> Your demand for the surrender of Savannah and its dependent forts -is refused.<br > -<br > +is refused.<br> +<br> With respect to the threats conveyed in the closing paragraphs of your letter (of what may be expected in case your demand is not complied with), I have to say that I have hitherto conducted the @@ -26687,17 +26694,17 @@ military operations intrusted to my direction in strict accordance with the rules of civilized warfare, and I should deeply regret the adoption of any course by you that may force me to deviate from them in future. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your -obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. J. HARDEE, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, December 18, 1864 8 p.m.<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia.<br > -<br > +obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. J. HARDEE, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, December 18, 1864 8 p.m.<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I wrote you at length (by Colonel Babcock) on the 16th instant. As I therein explained my purpose, yesterday I made a demand on General Hardee for the surrender of the city of Savannah, @@ -26769,13 +26776,13 @@ people in Georgia hoped we would do. I do sincerely believe that the whole United States, North and South, would rejoice to have this army turned loose on South Carolina, to devastate that State in the manner we have done in Georgia, and it would have a direst -and immediate bearing on your campaign in Virginia.<br > -<br > -I have the honor to be your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +and immediate bearing on your campaign in Virginia.<br> +<br> +I have the honor to be your obedient servant,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General United States Army.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>As soon as the army had reached Savannah, and had opened communication with the fleet, I endeavored to ascertain what had transpired in Tennessee since our departure. We received our @@ -26981,22 +26988,22 @@ mine at Savannah to make a complete whole, and this fact was perfectly comprehended by Mr. Lincoln, who recognized it fully in his personal letter of December 26th, hereinbefore quoted at length, and which is also claimed at the time, in my Special Field -Order No. 6, of January 8, 1865, here given:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -(Special Field Order No. 6.)<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, January 8, 1864.<br > -<br > +Order No. 6, of January 8, 1865, here given:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +(Special Field Order No. 6.)<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, January 8, 1864.<br> +<br> The general commanding announces to the troops composing the Military Division of the Mississippi that he has received from the President of the United States, and from Lieutenant-General Grant, letters conveying their high sense and appreciation of the campaign just closed, resulting in the capture of Savannah and the defeat of -Hood's army in Tennessee.<br > -<br > +Hood's army in Tennessee.<br> +<br> In order that all may understand the importance of events, it is proper to revert to the situation of affairs in September last. We held Atlanta, a city of little value to us, but so important to the @@ -27035,12 +27042,12 @@ Burbridge, and Gillem, that penetrated into Southwest Virginia, and paralyzed the efforts of the enemy to disturb the peace and safety of East Tennessee. Instead of being put on the defensive, we have at all points assumed the bold offensive, and have completely -thwarted the designs of the enemies of our country.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br > +thwarted the designs of the enemies of our country.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br> L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Here terminated the "March to the Sea," and I only add a few letters, selected out of many, to illustrate the general feeling of rejoicing throughout the country at the time. I only regarded the @@ -27069,7 +27076,7 @@ like period, so as to reach Savannah in splendid flesh and condition. I also add a few of the more important letters that passed between Generals Grant, Halleck, and myself, which illustrate our opinions at that stage of the war:</p> -<h4>STATEMENT OF CASUALTIES AND PRISONERS CAPTURED,<br > +<h4>STATEMENT OF CASUALTIES AND PRISONERS CAPTURED,<br> BY THE ARMY IN THE FIELD, CAMPAIGN OF GEORGIA.</h4> <div style="text-align: center"> <table> @@ -27115,23 +27122,23 @@ BY THE ARMY IN THE FIELD, CAMPAIGN OF GEORGIA.</h4> </tr> </table> </div> -<br > -<br > -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br > -WASHINGTON, December 16, 1864<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN (via Hilton Head).<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br> +WASHINGTON, December 16, 1864<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN (via Hilton Head).<br> +<br> GENERAL: Lieutenant-General Grant informs me that, in his last dispatch sent to you, he suggested the transfer of your infantry to Richmond. He now wishes me to say that you will retain your entire force, at least for the present, and, with such assistance as may be given you by General Foster and Admiral Dahlgren, operate from such base as you may establish on the coast. General Foster will -obey such instructions as may be given by you.<br > -<br > +obey such instructions as may be given by you.<br> +<br> Should you have captured Savannah, it is thought that by transferring the water-batteries to the land side that place may be made a good depot and base of operations on Augusta, Branchville, @@ -27140,32 +27147,32 @@ and not deemed suitable for this purpose, perhaps Beaufort would serve as a depot. As the rebels have probably removed their most valuable property from Augusta, perhaps Branchville would be the most important point at which to strike in order to sever all -connection between Virginia and the Southwestern Railroad.<br > -<br > +connection between Virginia and the Southwestern Railroad.<br> +<br> General Grant's wishes, however, are, that this whole matter of your future actions should be entirely left to your -discretion.<br > -<br > +discretion.<br> +<br> We can send you from here a number of complete batteries of field-artillery, with or without horses, as you may desire; also, as soon as General Thomas can spare them, all the fragments, convalescents, and furloughed men of your army. It is reported that Thomas defeated Hood yesterday, near Nashville, but we have no particulars nor official reports, telegraphic communication being -interrupted by a heavy storm.<br > -<br > +interrupted by a heavy storm.<br> +<br> Our last advises from you was General Howard's note, announcing his -approach to Savannah. Yours truly,<br > -<br > -H. W. HALLECK, Major-General, Chief-of-Staff.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br > -WASHINGTON, December 18, 1864.<br > -<br > -Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Savannah (via Hilton Head).<br > -<br > +approach to Savannah. Yours truly,<br> +<br> +H. W. HALLECK, Major-General, Chief-of-Staff.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br> +WASHINGTON, December 18, 1864.<br> +<br> +Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Savannah (via Hilton Head).<br> +<br> My DEAR GENERAL: Yours of the 13th, by Major Anderson, is just received. I congratulate you on your splendid success, and shall very soon expect to hear of the crowning work of your campaign--the @@ -27173,8 +27180,8 @@ capture of Savannah. Your march will stand out prominently as the great one of this great war. When Savannah falls, then for another wide swath through the centre of the Confederacy. But I will not anticipate. General Grant is expected here this morning, and will -probably write you his own views.<br > -<br > +probably write you his own views.<br> +<br> I do not learn from your letter, or from Major Anderson, that you are in want of any thing which we have not provided at Hilton Head. Thinking it probable that you might want more field-artillery, I @@ -27182,38 +27189,38 @@ had prepared several batteries, but the great difficulty of foraging horses on the sea-coast will prevent our sending any unless you actually need them. The hay-crop this year is short, and the Quartermaster's Department has great difficulty in procuring a -supply for our animals.<br > -<br > +supply for our animals.<br> +<br> General Thomas has defeated Hood, near Nashville, and it is hoped that he will completely, crush his army. Breckenridge, at last accounts, was trying to form a junction near Murfreesboro', but, as Thomas is between them, Breckenridge must either retreat or be -defeated.<br > -<br > +defeated.<br> +<br> General Rosecrans made very bad work of it in Missouri, allowing Price with a small force to overrun the State and destroy millions -of property.<br > -<br > +of property.<br> +<br> Orders have been issued for all officers and detachments having three months or more to serve, to rejoin your army via Savannah. Those having less than three months to serve, will be retained by -General Thomas.<br > -<br > +General Thomas.<br> +<br> Should you capture Charleston, I hope that by some accident the place may be destroyed, and, if a little salt should be sown upon its site, it may prevent the growth of future crops of -nullification and secession. Yours truly,<br > -<br > -H. W. HALLECK, Major-General, Chief-of-Staff.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br > -WASHINGTON, December 18, 1864.<br > -<br > +nullification and secession. Yours truly,<br> +<br> +H. W. HALLECK, Major-General, Chief-of-Staff.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br> +WASHINGTON, December 18, 1864.<br> +<br> To Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> My DEAR GENERAL: I have just received and read, I need not tell you with how mush gratification, your letter to General Halleck. I congratulate you and the brave officers and men under your command @@ -27223,8 +27230,8 @@ were expressed by the President, I assured him with the army you had, and you in command of it, there was no danger but you would strike bottom on salt-water some place; that I would not feel the same security--in fact, would not have intrusted the expedition to -any other living commander.<br > -<br > +any other living commander.<br> +<br> It has been very hard work to get Thomas to attack Hood. I gave him the most peremptory order, and had started to go there myself, before he got off. He has done magnificently, however, since he @@ -27235,8 +27242,8 @@ the enemy's loss at Franklin, which amounted to thirteen general officers killed, wounded, and captured. The enemy probably lost five thousand men at Franklin, and ten thousand in the last three days' operations. Breckenridge is said to be making for -Murfreesboro'.<br > -<br > +Murfreesboro'.<br> +<br> I think he is in a most excellent place. Stoneman has nearly wiped out John Morgan's old command, and five days ago entered Bristol. I did think the best thing to do was to bring the greater part of @@ -27245,8 +27252,8 @@ taking has shaken me in that opinion. I doubt whether you may not accomplish more toward that result where you are than if brought here, especially as I am informed, since my arrival in the city, that it would take about two months to get you here with all the -other calls there are for ocean transportation.<br > -<br > +other calls there are for ocean transportation.<br> +<br> I want to get your views about what ought to be done, and what can be done. If you capture the garrison of Savannah, it certainly will compel Lee to detach from Richmond, or give us nearly the whole @@ -27254,54 +27261,54 @@ South. My own opinion is that Lee is averse to going out of Virginia, and if the cause of the South is lost he wants Richmond to be the last place surrendered. If he has such views, it may be well to indulge him until we get every thing else in our -hands.<br > -<br > +hands.<br> +<br> Congratulating you and the army again upon the splendid results of your campaign, the like of which is not read of in past history, I -subscribe myself, more than ever, if possible, your friend,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, December 26, 1864.<br > -<br > -Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Savannah, Georgia.<br > -<br > +subscribe myself, more than ever, if possible, your friend,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, December 26, 1864.<br> +<br> +Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Savannah, Georgia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Your very interesting letter of the 22d inst., brought by Major Grey of General Foster's staff; is fast at hand. As the major starts back at once, I can do no more at present than simply acknowledge its receipt. The capture of Savannah, with all its immense stores, must tell upon the people of the South. All well -here.<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 24, 1864.<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia.<br > -<br > +here.<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 24, 1864.<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Your letter of December 18th is just received. I feel very much gratified at receiving the handsome commendation you pay my army. I will, in general orders, convey to the officers and men the -substance of your note.<br > -<br > +substance of your note.<br> +<br> I am also pleased that you have modified your former orders, for I feared that the transportation by sea would very much disturb the -unity and morale of my army, now so perfect.<br > -<br > +unity and morale of my army, now so perfect.<br> +<br> The occupation of Savannah, which I have heretofore reported, completes the first part of our game, and fulfills a great part of your instructions; and we are now engaged in dismantling the rebel forts which bear upon the sea-channels, and transferring the heavy ordnance and ammunition to Fort Pulaski and Hilton Head, where they -can be more easily guarded than if left in the city.<br > -<br > +can be more easily guarded than if left in the city.<br> +<br> The rebel inner lines are well adapted to our purpose, and with slight modifications can be held by a comparatively small force; and in about ten days I expect to be ready to sally forth again. I @@ -27339,44 +27346,44 @@ that I can break up the whole railroad system of South Carolina and North Carolina, and be on the Roanoke, either at Raleigh or Weldon, by the time spring fairly opens; and, if you feel confident that you can whip Lee outside of his intrenchments, I feel equally -confident that I can handle him in the open country.<br > -<br > +confident that I can handle him in the open country.<br> +<br> One reason why I would ignore Charleston is this: that I believe Hardee will reduce the garrison to a small force, with plenty of provisions; I know that the neck back of Charleston can be made impregnable to assault, and we will hardly have time for siege -operations.<br > -<br > +operations.<br> +<br> I will have to leave in Savannah a garrison, and, if Thomas can spare them, I would like to have all detachments, convalescents, etc., belonging to these four corps, sent forward at once. I do not want to cripple Thomas, because I regard his operations as all-important, and I have ordered him to pursue Hood down into -Alabama, trusting to the country for supplies.<br > -<br > +Alabama, trusting to the country for supplies.<br> +<br> I reviewed one of my corps to-day, and shall continue to review the whole army. I do not like to boast, but believe this army has a confidence in itself that makes it almost invincible. I wish you could run down and see us; it would have a good effect, and show to both armies that they are acting on a common plan. The weather is now cool and pleasant, and the general health very good. Your true -friend,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 24, 1864.<br > -<br > +friend,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 24, 1864.<br> +<br> Major-General H. W. HALLECK, Chief-of-Staff; Washington, D. -C.<br > -<br > +C.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I had the pleasure of receiving your two letters of the 16th and 18th instant to-day, and feel more than usually flattered by the high encomiums you have passed on our recent campaign, which -is now complete by the occupation of Savannah.<br > -<br > +is now complete by the occupation of Savannah.<br> +<br> I am also very glad that General Grant has changed his mind about embarking my troops for James River, leaving me free to make the broad swath you describe through South and North Carolina; and @@ -27385,8 +27392,8 @@ it fulfills my plans, which contemplated his being able to dispose of Hood, in case he ventured north of the Tennessee River. So, I think, on the whole, I can chuckle over Jeff. Davis's disappointment in not turning my Atlanta campaign into a "Moscow -disaster."<br > -<br > +disaster."<br> +<br> I have just finished a long letter to General Grant, and have explained to him that we are engaged in shifting our base from the Ogeeohee to the Savannah River, dismantling all the forts made by @@ -27421,30 +27428,30 @@ alarm me, for I have an army which I think can maneuver, and I world force him to attack me at a disadvantage, always under the supposition that Grant would be on his heels; and, if the worst come to the worst, I can fight my way down to Albermarle Sound, or -Newbern.<br > -<br > +Newbern.<br> +<br> I think the time has come now when we should attempt the boldest moves, and my experience is, that they are easier of execution than more timid ones, because the enemy is disconcerted by them--as, for -instance, my recent campaign.<br > -<br > +instance, my recent campaign.<br> +<br> I also doubt the wisdom of concentration beyond a certain extent, for the roads of this country limit the amount of men that can be brought to bear in any one battle, and I do not believe that any one general can handle more than sixty thousand men in -battle.<br > -<br > +battle.<br> +<br> I think our campaign of the last month, as well as every step I take from this point northward, is as much a direct attack upon Lee's army as though we were operating within the sound of his -artillery.<br > -<br > +artillery.<br> +<br> I am very anxious that Thomas should follow up his success to the very utmost point. My orders to him before I left Kingston were, after beating Hood, to follow him as far as Columbus, Mississippi, or Selma, Alabama, both of which lie in districts of country which -are rich in corn and meat.<br > -<br > +are rich in corn and meat.<br> +<br> I attach more importance to these deep incisions into the enemy's country, because this war differs from European wars in this particular: we are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile @@ -27457,8 +27464,8 @@ realize the truth, and have no appetite for a repetition of the same experience. To be sure, Jeff. Davis has his people under pretty good discipline, but I think faith in him is much shaken in Georgia, and before we have done with her South Carolina will not -be quite so tempestuous.<br > -<br > +be quite so tempestuous.<br> +<br> I will bear in mind your hint as to Charleston, and do not think "salt" will be necessary. When I move, the Fifteenth Corps will be on the right of the right wing, and their position will naturally @@ -27467,18 +27474,18 @@ history of that corps, you will have remarked that they generally do their work pretty well. The truth is, the whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance upon South Carolina. I almost tremble at her fate, but feel that she deserves all that -seems in store for her.<br > -<br > +seems in store for her.<br> +<br> Many and many a person in Georgia asked me why we did not go to South Carolina; and, when I answered that we were enroute for that State, the invariable reply was, "Well, if you will make those people feel the utmost severities of war, we will pardon you for -your desolation of Georgia."<br > -<br > +your desolation of Georgia."<br> +<br> I look upon Colombia as quite as bad as Charleston, and I doubt if we shall spare the public buildings there as we did at -Milledgeville.<br > -<br > +Milledgeville.<br> +<br> I have been so busy lately that I have not yet made my official report, and I think I had better wait until I get my subordinate reports before attempting it, as I am anxious to explain clearly @@ -27507,40 +27514,40 @@ Wilmington; in other words, they are scattered. I have reason to believe that Beauregard was present in Savannah at the time of its evacuation, and think that he and Hardee are now in Charleston, making preparations for what they suppose will be my next -step.<br > -<br > +step.<br> +<br> Please say to the President that I have received his kind message (through Colonel Markland), and feel thankful for his high favor. If I disappoint him in the future, it shall not be from want of -zeal or love to the cause.<br > -<br > +zeal or love to the cause.<br> +<br> From you I expect a full and frank criticism of my plans for the future, which may enable me to correct errors before it is too late. I do not wish to be rash, but want to give my rebel friends -no chance to accuse us of want of enterprise or courage.<br > -<br > +no chance to accuse us of want of enterprise or courage.<br> +<br> Assuring you of my high personal respect, I remain, as ever, your -friend,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[General Order No. 3.]<br > -<br > -WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE<br > -WASHINGTON, January 14, 1865.<br > -<br > +friend,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[General Order No. 3.]<br> +<br> +WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE<br> +WASHINGTON, January 14, 1865.<br> +<br> The following resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives -is published to the army:<br > -<br > -[PUBLIC RESOLUTION--No. 4.]<br > -<br > +is published to the army:<br> +<br> +[PUBLIC RESOLUTION--No. 4.]<br> +<br> Joint resolution tendering the thanks of the people and of Congress to Major-General William T. Sherman, and the officers and soldiers of his command, for their gallant conduct in their late brilliant -movement through Georgia.<br > -<br > +movement through Georgia.<br> +<br> Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the thanks of the people and of the Congress of the United States are due and are @@ -27550,38 +27557,38 @@ and good conduct in their late campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and the triumphal march thence through Georgia to Savannah, terminating in the capture and occupation of that city; and that the President cause a copy of this joint resolution to be -engrossed and forwarded to Major-General Sherman.<br > -<br > -Approved, January 10, 1865.<br > -<br > -By order of the Secretary of War,<br > +engrossed and forwarded to Major-General Sherman.<br> +<br> +Approved, January 10, 1865.<br> +<br> +By order of the Secretary of War,<br> W. A. NICHOLS, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch22"></a>CHAPTER XXII.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>SAVANNAH AND POCOTALIGO.</h3> -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> DECEMBER, 1884, AND JANUARY, 1885.</div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Savannah"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Savannah.jpg (194K)" src="images/Savannah.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Savannah.jpg (194K)" src="images/Savannah.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Savannah.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt="Full Size" -src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>The city of Savannah was an old place, and usually accounted a handsome one. Its houses were of brick or frame, with large yards, ornamented with shrubbery and flowers; its streets perfectly @@ -27630,20 +27637,20 @@ Christmas-day, and he suggested that I might make it the occasion of sending a welcome Christmas gift to the President, Mr. Lincoln, who peculiarly enjoyed such pleasantry. I accordingly sat down and wrote on a slip of paper, to be left at the telegraph-office at -Fortress Monroe for transmission, the following:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +Fortress Monroe for transmission, the following:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> SAVANNAH GEORGIA, December 22, 1884. To His Excellency President -Lincoln, Washington, D. C.:<br > -<br > +Lincoln, Washington, D. C.:<br> +<br> I beg to present you as a Christmas-gift the city of Savannah, with one hundred and fifty heavy guns and plenty of ammunition, also -about twenty five thousand bales of cotton.<br > -<br > +about twenty five thousand bales of cotton.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This message actually reached him on Christmas-eve, was extensively published in the newspapers, and made many a household unusually happy on that festive day; and it was in the answer to @@ -27653,19 +27660,19 @@ etc., which he sent at the hands of General John A. Logan, who happened to be in Washington, and was coming to Savannah, to rejoin his command.</p> <p>On the 23d of December were made the following general orders -for the disposition of the troops in and about Savannah:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Field Order No. 139.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 23, 1864.<br > -<br > +for the disposition of the troops in and about Savannah:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Field Order No. 139.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 23, 1864.<br> +<br> Savannah, being now in our possession, the river partially cleared out, and measures having been taken to remove all obstructions, -will at once be made a grand depot for future operations:<br > -<br > +will at once be made a grand depot for future operations:<br> +<br> 1. The chief-quartermaster, General Euston, will, after giving the necessary orders touching the transports in Ogeechee River and Oasabaw Sound, come in person to Savannah, and take possession of @@ -27674,23 +27681,23 @@ be now or hereafter needed for any department of the army. No rents will be paid by the Government of the United States during the war, and all buildings must be distributed according to the accustomed rates of the Quartermaster's Department, as though they were public -property.<br > -<br > +property.<br> +<br> 2. The chief commissary of subsistence, Colonel A. Beckwith, will transfer the grand depot of the army to the city of Savannah, secure possession of the needful buildings and offices, and give the necessary orders, to the end that the army may be supplied -abundantly and well.<br > -<br > -S. The chief-engineer, Captain Poe, will at once direct which of +abundantly and well.<br> +<br> +3. The chief-engineer, Captain Poe, will at once direct which of the enemy's forts are to be retained for our use, and which dismantled and destroyed. The chief ordnance-officer, Captain Baylor, will in like manner take possession of all property pertaining to his department captured from the enemy, and cause the same to be collected and conveyed to points of security; all the heavy coast-guns will be dismounted and carried to Fort -Pulaski.<br > -<br > +Pulaski.<br> +<br> 4. The troops, for the present, will be grouped about the city of Savannah, looking to convenience of camps; General Slocum taking from the Savannah River around to the seven-mile post on the Canal, @@ -27698,33 +27705,33 @@ and General Howard thence to the sea; General Kilpatrick will hold King's Bridge until Fort McAllister is dismantled, and the troops withdrawn from the south side of the Ogeechee, when he will take post about Anderson's plantation, on the plank-road, and picket all -the roads leading from the north and west.<br > -<br > +the roads leading from the north and west.<br> +<br> 5. General Howard will keep a small guard at Forts Rosedale, Beaulieu, Wimberley, Thunderbolt, and Bonaventura, and he will cause that shore and Skidaway Island to be examined very closely, with a view to finding many and convenient points for the -embarkation of troops and wagons on seagoing vessels.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br > -<br > -L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[Special Field Order No. 143.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 26, 1864.<br > -<br > +embarkation of troops and wagons on seagoing vessels.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br> +<br> +L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[Special Field Order No. 143.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 26, 1864.<br> +<br> The city of Savannah and surrounding country will be held as a military post, and adapted to future military uses, but, as it contains a population of some twenty thousand people, who must be provided for, and as other citizens may come, it is proper to lay down certain general principles, that all within its military jurisdiction may understand their relative duties and -obligations.<br > -<br > +obligations.<br> +<br> 1. During war, the military is superior to civil authority, and, where interests clash, the civil must give way; yet, where there is no conflict, every encouragement should be given to well-disposed @@ -27740,8 +27747,8 @@ hostility to the Government of the United States, he or she will be punished with the utmost rigor of the law. Commerce with the outer world will be resumed to an extent commensurate with the wants of the citizens, governed by the restrictions and rules of the -Treasury Department.<br > -<br > +Treasury Department.<br> +<br> 2. The chief quartermaster and commissary of the army may give suitable employment to the people, white and black, or transport them to such points as they may choose where employment can be had; @@ -27753,8 +27760,8 @@ over to the Treasury agent for trade-stores. All vacant store-houses or dwellings, and all buildings belonging to absent rebels, will be construed and used as belonging to the United States, until such time as their titles can be settled by the -courts of the United States.<br > -<br > +courts of the United States.<br> +<br> 3. The Mayor and City Council of Savannah will continue to exercise their functions, and will, in concert with the commanding officer of the post and the chief-quartermaster, see that the @@ -27768,8 +27775,8 @@ their course, viz., remain within our lines, and conduct themselves as good citizens, or depart in peace. He will ascertain the names of all who choose to leave Savannah, and report their names and residence to the chief-quartermaster, that measures may be taken to -transport them beyond our lines.<br > -<br > +transport them beyond our lines.<br> +<br> 4. Not more than two newspapers will be published in Savannah; their editors and proprietors will be held to the strictest accountability, and will be punished severely, in person and @@ -27777,13 +27784,13 @@ property, for any libelous publication, mischievous matter, premature news, exaggerated statements, or any comments whatever upon the acts of the constituted authorities; they will be held accountable for such articles, even though copied from other -papers.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br > -<br > +papers.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br> +<br> L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>It was estimated that there were about twenty thousand inhabitants in Savannah, all of whom had participated more or less in the war, and had no special claims to our favor, but I regarded @@ -27889,21 +27896,21 @@ Generals Easton and Beckwith had organized a complete depot of supplies; and, though vessels arrived almost daily with mails and provisions, we were hardly ready to initiate a new and hazardous campaign. I had not yet received from General Grant or General -Halleck any modification of the orders of December 6,1864, to +Halleck any modification of the orders of December 6, 1864, to embark my command for Virginia by sea; but on the 2d of January, 1865, General J. G. Barnard, United States Engineers, arrived direct from General Grant's headquarters, bearing the following letter, in the general's own handwriting, which, with my answer, is -here given:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, December 27, 1864.<br > -<br > +here given:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, December 27, 1864.<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Before writing you definite instructions for the next campaign, I wanted to receive your answer to my letter written from Washington. Your confidence in being able to march up and join this @@ -27915,8 +27922,8 @@ has probably not been far from twenty thousand, besides deserters. If time is given, the fragments may be collected together and many of the deserters reassembled. If we can, we should act to prevent this. Your spare army, as it were, moving as proposed, will do -it.<br > -<br > +it.<br> +<br> In addition to holding Savannah, it looks to me that an intrenched camp ought to be held on the railroad between Savannah and Charleston. Your movement toward Branchville will probably enable @@ -27924,8 +27931,8 @@ Foster to reach this with his own force. This will give us a position in the South from which we can threaten the interior without marching over long, narrow causeways, easily defended, as we have heretofore been compelled to do. Could not such a camp be -established about Pocotaligo or Coosawhatchie?<br > -<br > +established about Pocotaligo or Coosawhatchie?<br> +<br> I have thought that, Hood being so completely wiped out for present harm, I might bring A. J. Smith here, with fourteen to fifteen thousand men. With this increase I could hold my lines, and move @@ -27936,124 +27943,124 @@ to the easy success of your expedition. In the event you should meet Lee's army, you would be compelled to beat it or find the sea-coast. Of course, I shall not let Lee's army escape if I can help it, and will not let it go without following to the best of my -ability.<br > -<br > +ability.<br> +<br> Without waiting further directions, than, you may make your preparations to start on your northern expedition without delay. Break up the railroads in South and North Carolina, and join the armies operating against Richmond as soon as you can. I will leave out all suggestions about the route you should take, knowing that your information, gained daily in the course of events, will be -better than any that can be obtained now.<br > -<br > +better than any that can be obtained now.<br> +<br> It may not be possible for you to march to the rear of Petersburg; but, failing in this, you could strike either of the sea-coast ports in North Carolina held by us. From there you could take shipping. It would be decidedly preferable, however, if you could -march the whole distance.<br > -<br > +march the whole distance.<br> +<br> From the best information I have, you will find no difficulty in supplying your army until you cross the Roanoke. From there here is but a few days' march, and supplies could be collected south of the river to bring you through. I shall establish communication with you there, by steamboat and gunboat. By this means your wants can be partially supplied. I shall hope to hear from you soon, and to -hear your plan, and about the time of starting.<br > -<br > +hear your plan, and about the time of starting.<br> +<br> Please instruct Foster to hold on to all the property in Savannah, and especially the cotton. Do not turn it over to citizens or -Treasury agents, without orders of the War Department.<br > -<br > -Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, January 2, 1865.<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point.<br > -<br > +Treasury agents, without orders of the War Department.<br> +<br> +Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, January 2, 1865.<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have received, by the hands of General Barnard, your -note of 26th and letter of 27th December.<br > -<br > +note of 26th and letter of 27th December.<br> +<br> I herewith inclose to you a copy of a projet which I have this morning, in strict confidence, discussed with my immediate -commanders.<br > -<br > +commanders.<br> +<br> I shall need, however, larger supplies of stores, especially grain. I will inclose to you, with this, letters from General Easton, quartermaster, and Colonel Beckwith, commissary of subsistence, setting forth what will be required, and trust you will forward them to Washington with your sanction, so that the necessary steps may be taken at once to enable me to carry out this plan on -time.<br > -<br > +time.<br> +<br> I wrote you very fully on the 24th, and have nothing to add. Every thing here is quiet, and if I can get the necessary supplies in our wagons, shall be ready to start at the time indicated in my projet (January 15th). But, until those supplies are in hand, I can do nothing; after they are, I shall be ready to move with great -rapidity.<br > -<br > +rapidity.<br> +<br> I have heard of the affair at Cape Fear. It has turned out as you -will remember I expected.<br > -<br > +will remember I expected.<br> +<br> I have furnished General Easton a copy of the dispatch from the Secretary of War. He will retain possession of all cotton here, and -ship it as fast as vessels can be had to New York.<br > -<br > +ship it as fast as vessels can be had to New York.<br> +<br> I shall immediately send the Seventeenth Corps over to Port Royal, by boats, to be furnished by Admiral Dahlgren and General Foster (without interfering with General Easton's vessels), to make a -lodgment on the railroad at Pocotaligo.<br > -<br > +lodgment on the railroad at Pocotaligo.<br> +<br> General Barnard will remain with me a few days, and I send this by a staff-officer, who can return on one of the vessels of the supply-fleet. I suppose that, now that General Butler has got -through with them, you can spare them to us.<br > -<br > +through with them, you can spare them to us.<br> +<br> My report of recent operations is nearly ready, and will be sent you in a day or two, as soon as some farther subordinate reports -come in.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, very truly, your friend,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[Entirely confidential]<br > -<br > -PROJET FOR JANUARY.<br > -<br > +come in.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, very truly, your friend,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[Entirely confidential]<br> +<br> +PROJET FOR JANUARY.<br> +<br> 1. Right wing to move men and artillery by transports to head of Broad River and Beaufort; reestablish Port Royal Ferry, and mass -the wing at or in the neighborhood of Pocotaligo.<br > -<br > +the wing at or in the neighborhood of Pocotaligo.<br> +<br> Left wing and cavalry to work slowly across the causeway toward Hardeeville, to open a road by which wagons can reach their corps about Broad River; also, by a rapid movement of the left, to secure -Sister's Ferry, and Augusta road out to Robertsville.<br > -<br > +Sister's Ferry, and Augusta road out to Robertsville.<br> +<br> In the mean time, all guns, shot, shell, cotton, etc., to be moved to a safe place, easy to guard, and provisions and wagons got ready for another swath, aiming to have our army in hand about the head of Broad River, say Pocotaligo, Robertsville, and Coosawhatchie, by -the 15th January.<br > -<br > +the 15th January.<br> +<br> 2. The whole army to move with loaded wagons by the roads leading in the direction of Columbia, which afford the best chance of forage and provisions. Howard to be at Pocotaligo by the 15th January, and Slocum to be at Robertsville, and Kilpatrick at or near Coosawhatchie about the same date. General Fosters troops to occupy Savannah, and gunboats to protect the rivers as soon as -Howard gets Pocotaligo.<br > -<br > +Howard gets Pocotaligo.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Therefore, on the 2d of January, I was authorized to march with my entire army north by land, and concluded at once to secure a foothold or starting-point on the South Carolina side, selecting @@ -28159,32 +28166,32 @@ the civil affairs of Savannah....</p> custom house, post-office, and such other public buildings as these civilians needed in the execution of their office, and to cause to be delivered into their custody the captured cotton. This was -accomplished by--<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Field Orders, No. 10.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, January 12, 1865.<br > -<br > +accomplished by--<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Field Orders, No. 10.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, January 12, 1865.<br> +<br> 1. Brevet Brigadier-General Euston, chief-quartermaster, will turn over to Simeon Draper, Esq., agent of the United States Treasury Department, all cotton now in the city of Savannah, prize of war, taking his receipt for the same in gross, and returning for it to the quartermaster-general. He will also afford Mr. Draper all the facilities in his power in the way of transportation, labor, etc., -to enable him to handle the cotton with expedition.<br > -<br > +to enable him to handle the cotton with expedition.<br> +<br> 2. General Euston will also turn over to Mr. Draper the custom-house, and such other buildings in the city of Savannah as -he may need in the execution of his office.<br > -<br > -By order of General W. T. Sherman,<br > -<br > +he may need in the execution of his office.<br> +<br> +By order of General W. T. Sherman,<br> +<br> L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Up to this time all the cotton had been carefully guarded, with orders to General Euston to ship it by the return-vessels to New York, for the adjudication of the nearest prize-court, accompanied @@ -28344,20 +28351,20 @@ fidelity to him and his negro policy; but I shall always believe that Mr. Lincoln, though a civilian, knew better, and appreciated my motives and character. Though this letter of General Halleck has always been treated by me as confidential, I now insert it here at -length:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br > -WASHINGTON, D.C., December 30, 1864.<br > -<br > -Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Savannah.<br > -<br > +length:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br> +WASHINGTON, D.C., December 30, 1864.<br> +<br> +Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Savannah.<br> +<br> MY DEAR GENERAL: I take the liberty of calling your attention, in this private and friendly way, to a matter which may possibly hereafter be of more importance to you than either of us may now -anticipate.<br > -<br > +anticipate.<br> +<br> While almost every one is praising your great march through Georgia, and the capture of Savannah, there is a certain class having now great influence with the President, and very probably @@ -28372,23 +28379,23 @@ that number of laborers, and opening a road by which as many more could have escaped from their masters; but that, instead of this, you drove them from your ranks, prevented their following you by cutting the bridges in your rear, and thus caused the massacre of -large numbers by Wheeler's cavalry.<br > -<br > +large numbers by Wheeler's cavalry.<br> +<br> To those who know you as I do, such accusation will pass as the idle winds, for we presume that you discouraged the negroes from following you because you had not the means of supporting them, and feared they might seriously embarrass your march. But there are others, and among them some in high authority, who think or pretend to think otherwise, and they are decidedly disposed to make a point -against you.<br > -<br > +against you.<br> +<br> I do not write this to induce you to conciliate this class of men by doing any thing which you do not deem right and proper, and for the interest of the Government and the country; but simply to call your attention to certain things which are viewed here somewhat differently than from your stand-point. I will explain as briefly -as possible:<br > -<br > +as possible:<br> +<br> Some here think that, in view of the scarcity of labor in the South, and the probability that a part, at least, of the able-bodied slaves will be called into the military service of the @@ -28398,25 +28405,25 @@ you have passed over should be made the route of escape, and Savannah the great place of refuge. These, I know, are the views of some of the leading men in the Administration, and they now express dissatisfaction that you did not carry them out in your great -raid.<br > -<br > +raid.<br> +<br> Now that you are in possession of Savannah, and there can be no further fears about supplies, would it not be possible for you to reopen these avenues of escape for the negroes, without interfering with your military operations? Could not such escaped slaves find at least a partial supply of food in the rice-fields about -Savannah, and cotton plantations on the coast?<br > -<br > +Savannah, and cotton plantations on the coast?<br> +<br> I merely throw out these suggestions. I know that such a course would be approved by the Government, and I believe that a manifestation on your part of a desire to bring the slaves within our lines will do much to silence your opponents. You will appreciate my motives in writing this private letter. Yours -truly,<br > -<br > +truly,<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>There is no doubt that Mr. Stanton, when he reached Savannah, shared these thoughts, but luckily the negroes themselves convinced him that he was in error, and that they understood their own @@ -28470,22 +28477,22 @@ during the rest of the war, or until Congress should take action in the premises. All that I now propose to assert is, that Mr. Stanton, Secretary of War, saw these orders in the rough, and approved every paragraph thereof, before they were made -public:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Field Orders, No. 15.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, January 16, 1865.<br > -<br > +public:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Field Orders, No. 15.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, January 16, 1865.<br> +<br> 1. The islands from Charleston south, the abandoned rice-fields along the rivers for thirty miles back from the sea, and the country bordering the St. John's River, Florida, are reserved and set apart for the settlement of the negroes now made free by the acts of war and the proclamation of the President of the United -States.<br > -<br > +States.<br> +<br> 2. At Beaufort, Hilton Head, Savannah, Fernandina, St. Augustine, and Jacksonville, the blacks may remain in their chosen or accustomed vocations; but on the islands, and in the settlements @@ -28504,17 +28511,17 @@ will be free to select their own work and residence, but the young and able-bodied negroes must be encouraged to enlist as soldiery in the service of the United States, to contribute their share toward maintaining their own freedom, and securing their rights as -citizens of the United States.<br > -<br > +citizens of the United States.<br> +<br> Negroes so enlisted will be organized into companies, battalions, and regiments, under the orders of the United States military authorities, and will be paid, fed, and clothed; according to law. The bounties paid on enlistment may, with the consent of the recruit, go to assist his family and settlement in procuring agricultural implements, seed, tools, boots, clothing, and other -articles necessary for their livelihood.<br > -<br > -8. Whenever three respectable negroes, heads of families, shall +articles necessary for their livelihood.<br> +<br> +3. Whenever three respectable negroes, heads of families, shall desire to settle on land, and shall have selected for that purpose an island or a locality clearly defined within the limits above designated, the Inspector of Settlements and Plantations will @@ -28535,8 +28542,8 @@ inspector one or more of the captured steamers to ply between the settlements and one or more of the commercial points heretofore named, in order to afford the settlers the opportunity to supply their necessary wants, and to sell the products of their land and -labor.<br > -<br > +labor.<br> +<br> 4. Whenever a negro has enlisted in the military service of the United States, he may locate his family in any one of the settlements at pleasure, and acquire a homestead, and all other @@ -28547,8 +28554,8 @@ waters, without losing any claim to land or other advantages derived from this system. But no one, unless an actual settler as above defined, or unless absent on Government service, will be entitled to claim any right to land or property in any settlement -by virtue of these orders.<br > -<br > +by virtue of these orders.<br> +<br> 5. In order to carry out this system of settlement, a general officer will be detailed as Inspector of Settlements and Plantations, whose duty it shall be to visit the settlements, to @@ -28562,18 +28569,18 @@ possessory. The same general officer will also be charged with the enlistment and organization of the negro recruits, and protecting their interests while absent from their settlements; and will be governed by the rules and regulations prescribed by the War -Department for such purposes.<br > -<br > +Department for such purposes.<br> +<br> 6. Brigadier-General R. Saxton is hereby appointed Inspector of Settlements and Plantations, and will at once enter on the performance of his duties. No change is intended or desired in the settlement now on Beaufort Island, nor will any rights to property -heretofore acquired be affected thereby.<br > -<br > +heretofore acquired be affected thereby.<br> +<br> By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman, L. M. DAYTON, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I saw a good deal of the secretary socially, during the time of his visit to Savannah. He kept his quarters on the revenue-cutter with Simeon Draper, Esq., which cutter lay at a wharf in the river, @@ -28750,16 +28757,16 @@ the 1st of February, when I learned that the cavalry and two divisions of the Twentieth Corps were fairly across the river, and then gave the necessary orders for the march northward.</p> <p>Before closing this chapter, I will add a few original letters -that bear directly on the subject, and tend to illustrate it:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C. January 21, 1866.<br > -<br > +that bear directly on the subject, and tend to illustrate it:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C. January 21, 1866.<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Your letters brought by General Barnard were received at City Point, and read with interest. Not having them with me, however, I cannot say that in this I will be able to satisfy you on @@ -28771,8 +28778,8 @@ Alabama, I had ordered Schofield to Annapolis, Maryland, with his corps. The advance (six thousand) will reach the seaboard by the 23d, the remainder following as rapidly as railroad transportation can be procured from Cincinnati. The corps numbers over twenty-one -thousand men.<br > -<br > +thousand men.<br> +<br> Thomas is still left with a sufficient force, surplus to go to Selma under an energetic leader. He has been telegraphed to, to know whether he could go, and, if so, by which of several routes he @@ -28781,60 +28788,60 @@ set offensively from the seacoast to the interior, toward Montgomery and Selma. Thomas's forces will move from the north at an early day, or some of his troops will be sent to Canby. Without further reenforcement Canby will have a moving column of twenty -thousand men.<br > -<br > +thousand men.<br> +<br> Fort Fisher, you are aware, has been captured. We have a force there of eight thousand effective. At Newbern about half the number. It is rumored, through deserters, that Wilmington also has fallen. I am inclined to believe the rumor, because on the 17th we knew the enemy were blowing up their works about Fort Caswell, and -that on the 18th Terry moved on Wilmington.<br > -<br > +that on the 18th Terry moved on Wilmington.<br> +<br> If Wilmington is captured, Schofield will go there. If not, he will be sent to Newbern. In either event, all the surplus forces at the two points will move to the interior, toward Goldsboro', in cooperation with your movements. From either point, railroad communications can be run out, there being here abundance of -rolling-stock suited to the gauge of those roads.<br > -<br > +rolling-stock suited to the gauge of those roads.<br> +<br> There have been about sixteen thousand men sent from Lee's army south. Of these, you will have fourteen thousand against you, if Wilmington is not held by the enemy, casualties at Fort Fisher -having overtaken about two thousand.<br > -<br > +having overtaken about two thousand.<br> +<br> All other troops are subject to your orders as you come in communication with them. They will be so instructed. From about Richmond I will watch Lee closely, and if he detaches many men, or attempts to evacuate, will pitch in. In the meantime, should you be brought to a halt anywhere, I can send two corps of thirty thousand effective men to your support, from the troops about -Richmond.<br > -<br > +Richmond.<br> +<br> To resume: Canby is ordered to operate to the interior from the Gulf. A. J. Smith may go from the north, but I think it doubtful. A force of twenty-eight or thirty thousand will cooperate with you from Newbern or Wilmington, or both. You can call for -reenforcements.<br > -<br > +reenforcements.<br> +<br> This will be handed you by Captain Hudson, of my staff, who will return with any message you may have for me. If there is any thing I can do for you in the way of having supplies on shipboard, at any -point on the seacoast, ready for you, let me know it.<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, POCOTALIGO, SOUTH CAROLINA, January 29, 1885.<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia.<br > -<br > +point on the seacoast, ready for you, let me know it.<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, POCOTALIGO, SOUTH CAROLINA, January 29, 1885.<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: Captain Hudson has this moment arrived with your -letter of January 21st, which I have read with interest.<br > -<br > +letter of January 21st, which I have read with interest.<br> +<br> The capture of Fort Fisher has a most important bearing on my campaign, and I rejoice in it for many reasons, because of its intrinsic importance, and because it gives me another point of @@ -28842,8 +28849,8 @@ security on the seaboard. I hope General Terry will follow it up by the capture of Wilmington, although I do not look for it, from Admiral Porter's dispatch to me. I rejoice that Terry was not a West-Pointer, that he belonged to your army, and that he had the -same troops with which Butler feared to make the attempt.<br > -<br > +same troops with which Butler feared to make the attempt.<br> +<br> Admiral Dahlgren, whose fleet is reenforced by some more ironclads, wants to make an assault a la Fisher on Fort Moultrie, but I withhold my consent, for the reason that the capture of all @@ -28869,8 +28876,8 @@ rather, a point on the Wilmington road, south of Goldsboro'). It is not necessary to storm Goldsboro', because it is in a distant region, of no importance in itself, and, if its garrison is forced to draw supplies from its north, it, will be eating up the same -stores on which Lee depends for his command.<br > -<br > +stores on which Lee depends for his command.<br> +<br> I have no doubt Hood will bring his army to Augusta. Canby and Thomas should penetrate Alabama as far as possible, to keep employed at least a part of Hood's army; or, what would accomplish @@ -28880,13 +28887,13 @@ threatening Georgia. I know that the Georgia troops are disaffected. At Savannah I met delegates from several counties of the southwest, who manifested a decidedly hostile spirit to the Confederate cause. I nursed the feeling as far as possible, and -instructed Grower to keep it up.<br > -<br > +instructed Grower to keep it up.<br> +<br> My left wing must now be at Sister's Ferry, crossing the Savannah River to the east bank. Slocum has orders to be at Robertsville to-morrow, prepared to move on Barnwell. Howard is here, all ready -to start for the Augusta Railroad at Midway.<br > -<br > +to start for the Augusta Railroad at Midway.<br> +<br> We find the enemy on the east aide of the Salkiehatchie, and cavalry in our front; but all give ground on our approach, and seem to be merely watching us. If we start on Tuesday, in one week we @@ -28898,8 +28905,8 @@ rapidly move on Columbia, and fill up the triangle formed by the Congaree and Wateree (tributaries of the Santee), breaking up that great centre of the Carolina roads. Up to that point I feel full confidence, but from there may have to manoeuvre some, and will be -guided by the questions of weather and supplies.<br > -<br > +guided by the questions of weather and supplies.<br> +<br> You remember we had fine weather last February for our Meridian trip, and my memory of the weather at Charleston is, that February is usually a fine month. Before the March storms come we should be @@ -28912,17 +28919,17 @@ necessary; it must be made sooner or later; I am on time, and in the right position for it. My army is large enough for the purpose, and I ask no reinforcement, but simply wish the utmost activity to be kept up at all other points, so that concentration against me -may not be universal.<br > -<br > +may not be universal.<br> +<br> I suspect that Jeff. Davis will move heaven and earth to catch me, for success to this column is fatal to his dream of empire. Richmond is not more vital to his cause than Columbia and the heart -of South Carolina.<br > -<br > +of South Carolina.<br> +<br> If Thomas will not move on Selma, order him to occupy Rome, Kingston, and Allatoona, and again threaten Georgia in the -direction of Athena.<br > -<br > +direction of Athena.<br> +<br> I think the "poor white trash" of the South are falling out of their ranks by sickness, desertion, and every available means; but there is a large class of vindictive Southerners who will fight to @@ -28936,54 +28943,54 @@ been carefully corduroyed), and made the swamps hereabout mere lakes of slimy mud. The weather is now good, and I have the army on terra firma. Supplies, too, came for a long time by daily driblets instead of in bulk; this is now all remedied, and I hope to start -on Tuesday.<br > -<br > +on Tuesday.<br> +<br> I will issue instructions to General Foster, based on the reenforcements of North Carolina; but if Schofield comes, you had better relieve Foster, who cannot take the field, and needs an operation on his leg. Let Schofield take command, with his headquarters at Beaufort, North Carolina, and with orders to secure Goldsboro' (with its railroad communication back to Beaufort and -Wilmington). If Lee lets us get that position, he is gone up.<br > -<br > +Wilmington). If Lee lets us get that position, he is gone up.<br> +<br> I will start with my Atlanta army (sixty thousand), supplied as before, depending on the country for all food in excess of thirty days. I will have less cattle on the hoof, but I hear of hogs, cows, and calves, in Barnwell and the Colombia districts. Even here we have found some forage. Of course, the enemy will carry off and destroy some forage, but I will burn the houses where the people -burn their forage, and they will get tired of it.<br > -<br > +burn their forage, and they will get tired of it.<br> +<br> I must risk Hood, and trust to you to hold Lee or be on his heels if he comes south. I observe that the enemy has some respect for my name, for they gave up Pocotaligo without a fight when they heard that the attacking force belonged to my army. I will try and keep up that feeling, which is a real power. With respect, your -friend,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-general commanding.<br > -<br > +friend,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-general commanding.<br> +<br> P. S.--I leave my chief-quartermaster and commissary behind to -follow coastwise.<br > -W. T. S.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[Dispatch No. 6.]<br > -<br > -FLAG-STEAMER PHILADELPHIA<br > -SAVANNAH RIVER, January 4, 1865.<br > -<br > -HON. GIDEON WELLS, Secretary of the Navy.<br > -<br > +follow coastwise.<br> +W. T. S.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[Dispatch No. 6.]<br> +<br> +FLAG-STEAMER PHILADELPHIA<br> +SAVANNAH RIVER, January 4, 1865.<br> +<br> +HON. GIDEON WELLS, Secretary of the Navy.<br> +<br> SIR: I have already apprised the Department that the army of General Sherman occupied the city of Savannah on the 21st of -December.<br > -<br > +December.<br> +<br> The rebel army, hardly respectable in numbers or condition, escaped by crossing the river and taking the Union Causeway toward the -railroad.<br > -<br > +railroad.<br> +<br> I have walked about the city several times, and can affirm that its tranquillity is undisturbed. The Union soldiers who are stationed within its limits are as orderly as if they were in New York or @@ -28994,14 +29001,14 @@ affirming the inability of the United States Government to withstand the armies of rebeldom. They have seen the old flag of the United States carried by its victorious legions through their State, almost unopposed, and placed in their principal city without -a blow.<br > -<br > +a blow.<br> +<br> Since the occupation of the city General Sherman has been occupied in making arrangements for its security after he leaves it for the march that he meditates. My attention has been directed to such measures of cooperation as the number and quality of my force -permit.<br > -<br > +permit.<br> +<br> On the 2d I arrived here from Charleston, whither, as I stated in my dispatch of the 29th of December, I had gone in consequence of information from the senior officer there that the rebels @@ -29012,30 +29019,30 @@ expected raid, I returned to Savannah, to keep in communication with General Sherman and be ready to render any assistance that might be desired. General Sherman has fully informed me of his plans, and, so far as my means permit, they shall not lack -assistance by water.<br > -<br > +assistance by water.<br> +<br> On the 3d the transfer of the right wing to Beaufort was began, and the only suitable vessel I had at hand (the Harvest Moon) was sent to Thunderbolt to receive the first embarkation. This took place about 3 p.m., and was witnessed by General Sherman and General Bernard (United States Engineers) and myself. The Pontiac is ordered around to assist, and the army transports also followed the -first move by the Harvest Moon.<br > -<br > +first move by the Harvest Moon.<br> +<br> I could not help remarking the unbroken silence that prevailed in the large array of troops; not a voice was to be heard, as they gathered in masses on the bluff to look at the vessels. The notes -of a solitary bugle alone came from their midst.<br > -<br > +of a solitary bugle alone came from their midst.<br> +<br> General Barnard made a brief visit to one of the rebel works (Cansten's Bluff) that dominated this water-course--the best -approach of the kind to Savannah.<br > -<br > +approach of the kind to Savannah.<br> +<br> I am collecting data that will fully exhibit to the Department the powerful character of the defenses of the city and its approaches. General Sherman will not retain the extended limits they embrace. -but will contract the line very much.<br > -<br > +but will contract the line very much.<br> +<br> General Foster still holds the position near the Tullifinny. With his concurrence I have detached the fleet brigade, and the men belonging to it have returned to their vessels. The excellent @@ -29043,38 +29050,38 @@ service performed by this detachment has fully realized my wishes, and exemplified the efficiency of the organization--infantry and light artillery handled as skirmishers. The howitzers were always landed as quickly as the men, and were brought into action before -the light pieces of the land-service could be got ashore.<br > -<br > +the light pieces of the land-service could be got ashore.<br> +<br> I regret very much that the reduced complements of the vessels prevent me from maintaining the force in constant organization. With three hundred more marines and five hundred seamen I could frequently operate to great advantage, at the present time, when the attention of the rebels is so engrossed by General -Sherman.<br > -<br > +Sherman.<br> +<br> It is said that they have a force at Hardeeville, the pickets of which were retained on the Union Causeway until a few days since, when some of our troops crossed the river and pushed them back. Concurrently with this, I caused the Sonoma to anchor so as to -sweep the ground in the direction of the causeway.<br > -<br > +sweep the ground in the direction of the causeway.<br> +<br> The transfer of the right-wing (thirty thousand men) to Beaufort will so imperil the rebel force at Hardeeville that it will be cut -off or dispersed, if not moved in season.<br > -<br > +off or dispersed, if not moved in season.<br> +<br> Meanwhile I will send the Dai-Ching to St. Helena, to meet any want that may arise in that quarter, while the Mingo and Pontiac will be -ready to act from Broad River.<br > -<br > +ready to act from Broad River.<br> +<br> The general route of the army will be northward; but the exact direction must be decided more or less by circumstances which it -may not be possible to foresee....<br > -<br > +may not be possible to foresee....<br> +<br> My cooperation will be confined to assistance in attacking Charleston, or in establishing communication at Georgetown, in case the army pushes on without attacking Charleston, and time alone -will show which of these will eventuate.<br > -<br > +will show which of these will eventuate.<br> +<br> The weather of the winter first, and the condition of the ground in spring, would permit little advantage to be derived from the presence of the army at Richmond until the middle of May. So that @@ -29082,22 +29089,22 @@ General Sherman has no reason to move in haste, but can choose such objects as he prefers, and take as much time as their attainment may demand. The Department will learn the objects in view of General Sherman more precisely from a letter addressed by him to -General Halleck, which he read to me a few days since.<br > -<br > +General Halleck, which he read to me a few days since.<br> +<br> I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient -servant,<br > -<br > -J. A. DAHLGREN,<br > -Rear-Admiral, commanding South-Atlantic Blockading-Squadron.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, POCOTALIGO, SOUTH CAROLINA, January 29, 1885.<br > -<br > +servant,<br> +<br> +J. A. DAHLGREN,<br> +Rear-Admiral, commanding South-Atlantic Blockading-Squadron.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, POCOTALIGO, SOUTH CAROLINA, January 29, 1885.<br> +<br> Major-General J. G. FOSTER, commanding Department of the -South.<br > -<br > +South.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have just received dispatches from General Grant, stating that Schofield's corps (the Twenty-third), twenty-one thousand strong, is ordered east from Tennessee, and will be sent @@ -29123,8 +29130,8 @@ have passed the Santee. Send him all detachments of men that have come to join my army. They can be so organized and officered as to be efficient, for they are nearly all old soldiers who have been detached or on furlough. Until I pass the Santee, you can better -use these detachments at Bull's Bay, Georgetown, etc.<br > -<br > +use these detachments at Bull's Bay, Georgetown, etc.<br> +<br> I will instruct General McCallum, of the Railroad Department, to take his men up to Beaufort, North Carolina, and employ them on the road out. I do not know that he can use them on any road here. I @@ -29133,34 +29140,34 @@ to have them build a good trestle-bridge across Port Royal ferry; but I now suppose the pontoon-bridge will do. If you move the pontoons, be sure to make a good road out to Garden's Corners, and mark it with sign-boards--obstructing the old road, so that, should -I send back any detachments, they would not be misled.<br > -<br > +I send back any detachments, they would not be misled.<br> +<br> I prefer that Hatch's force should not be materially weakened until I am near Columbia, when you may be governed by the situation of affairs about Charleston. If you can break the railroad between -this and Charleston, then this force could be reduced.<br > -<br > -I am, with respect, etc.,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, POCOTALIGO, SOUTH CAROLINA, January 18, 1865.<br > -<br > -Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +this and Charleston, then this force could be reduced.<br> +<br> +I am, with respect, etc.,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, POCOTALIGO, SOUTH CAROLINA, January 18, 1865.<br> +<br> +Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> SIR: When you left Savannah a few days ago, you forgot the map which General Geary had prepared for you, showing the route by which his division entered the city of Savannah, being the first -troops to occupy that city. I now send it to you.<br > -<br > +troops to occupy that city. I now send it to you.<br> +<br> I avail myself of the opportunity also to inclose you copies of all my official orders touching trade and intercourse with the people of Georgia, as well as for the establishment of the negro -settlements.<br > -<br > +settlements.<br> +<br> Delegations of the people of Georgia continue to come in, and I am satisfied that, by judicious handling and by a little respect shown to their prejudices, we can create a schism in Jeff. Davis's @@ -29170,8 +29177,8 @@ remain are what disposition shall be made of the negroes themselves. I confess myself unable to offer a complete solution for these questions, and prefer to leave it to the slower operations of time. We have given the initiative, and can afford to -await the working of the experiment.<br > -<br > +await the working of the experiment.<br> +<br> As to trade-matters, I also think it is to our interest to keep the Southern people somewhat dependent on the articles of commerce to which they have hitherto been accustomed. General Grover is now @@ -29193,8 +29200,8 @@ and especially that the President will not indorse the contracts for the purchase of large quantities of cotton. Several contracts, involving from six to ten thousand bales, indorsed by Mr. Lincoln, have been shown me, but were not in such a form as to amount to an -order to compel me to facilitate their execution.<br > -<br > +order to compel me to facilitate their execution.<br> +<br> As to Treasury agents, and agents to take charge of confiscated and abandoned property, whose salaries depend on their fees, I can only say that, as a general rule, they are mischievous and disturbing @@ -29203,25 +29210,25 @@ us to study the law and regulations so as to understand fully their powers and duties. I rather think the Quartermaster's Department of the army could better fulfill all their duties and accomplish all that is aimed at by the law. Yet on this subject I will leave -Generals Foster and Grover to do the best they can.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br > -IN THE FIELD, POCOTALIGO, SOUTH CAROLINA, January 2, 1865.<br > -<br > -Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +Generals Foster and Grover to do the best they can.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,<br> +IN THE FIELD, POCOTALIGO, SOUTH CAROLINA, January 2, 1865.<br> +<br> +Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> SIR: I have just received from Lieutenant-General Grant a copy of that part of your telegram to him of December 26th relating to cotton, a copy of which has been immediately furnished to General Easton, chief-quartermaster, who will be strictly governed by -it.<br > -<br > +it.<br> +<br> I had already been approached by all the consuls and half the people of Savannah on this cotton question, and my invariable answer was that all the cotton in Savannah was prize of war, @@ -29231,8 +29238,8 @@ causes of this war, it should help to pay its expenses; that all cotton became tainted with treason from the hour the first act of hostility was committed against the United States some time in December, 1860; and that no bill of sale subsequent to that date -could convey title.<br > -<br > +could convey title.<br> +<br> My orders were that an officer of the Quartermaster's Department, United States Army, might furnish the holder, agent, or attorney, a mere certificate of the fact of seizure, with description of the @@ -29242,8 +29249,8 @@ But, since the receipt of your dispatch, I have ordered General Easton to make the shipment himself to the quartermaster at New York, where you can dispose of it at pleasure. I do not think the Treasury Department ought to bother itself with the prizes or -captures of war.<br > -<br > +captures of war.<br> +<br> Mr. Barclay, former consul at New York, representing Mr. Molyneux, former consul here, but absent a long time, called on me with reference to cotton claimed by English subjects. He seemed amazed @@ -29260,88 +29267,88 @@ expressed, was that of a soldier, which it would be well for him to heed. It appeared, also, that he owned a plantation on the line of investment of Savannah, which, of course, was pillaged, and for which he expected me to give some certificate entitling him to -indemnification, which I declined emphatically.<br > -<br > +indemnification, which I declined emphatically.<br> +<br> I have adopted in Savannah rules concerning property--severe but just--founded upon the laws of nations and the practice of civilized governments, and am clearly of opinion that we should claim all the belligerent rights over conquered countries, that the -people may realize the truth that war is no child's play.<br > -<br > +people may realize the truth that war is no child's play.<br> +<br> I embrace in this a copy of a letter, dated December 31, 1864, in answer to one from Solomon Cohen (a rich lawyer) to General Blair, -his personal friend, as follows:<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -Major-General F. P. BLAIR, commanding Seventeenth Army Corps.<br > -<br > +his personal friend, as follows:<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +Major-General F. P. BLAIR, commanding Seventeenth Army Corps.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Your note, inclosing Mr. Cohen's of this date, is -received, and I answer frankly through you his inquiries.<br > -<br > +received, and I answer frankly through you his inquiries.<br> +<br> 1. No one can practise law as an attorney in the United States without acknowledging the supremacy of our Government. If I am not in error, an attorney is as much an officer of the court as the clerk, and it would be a novel thing in a government to have a court to administer law which denied the supremacy of the -government itself.<br > -<br > +government itself.<br> +<br> 2. No one will be allowed the privileges of a merchant, or, rather, to trade is a privilege which no one should seek of the Government -without in like manner acknowledging its supremacy.<br > -<br > +without in like manner acknowledging its supremacy.<br> +<br> 3. If Mr. Cohen remains in Savannah as a denizen, his property, real and personal, will not be disturbed unless its temporary use be necessary for the military authorities of the city. The title to property will not be disturbed in any event, until adjudicated by -the courts of the United States.<br > -<br > +the courts of the United States.<br> +<br> 4. If Mr. Cohen leaves Savannah under my Special Order No. 148, it is a public acknowledgment that he "adheres to the enemies of the United States," and all his property becomes forfeited to the United States. But, as a matter of favor, he will be allowed to carry with him clothing and furniture for the use of himself, his family, and servants, and will be trans ported within the enemy's -lines, but not by way of Port Royal.<br > -<br > +lines, but not by way of Port Royal.<br> +<br> These rules will apply to all parties, and from them no exception -will be made.<br > -<br > -I have the honor to be, general, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +will be made.<br> +<br> +I have the honor to be, general, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> This letter was in answer to specific inquiries; it is clear, and covers all the points, and, should I leave before my orders are executed, I will endeavor to impress upon my successor, General -Foster, their wisdom and propriety.<br > -<br > +Foster, their wisdom and propriety.<br> +<br> I hope the course I have taken in these matters will meet your approbation, and that the President will not refund to parties claiming cotton or other property, without the strongest evidence of loyalty and friendship on the part of the claimant, or unless -some other positive end is to be gained.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +some other positive end is to be gained.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch23"></a>CHAPTER XXIII.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS.</h3> -<br > +<br> <p>FEBRUARY AND MARCH, 1865.</p> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>On the 1st day of February, as before explained, the army designed for the active campaign from Savannah northward was composed of two wings, commanded respectively by Major-Generals @@ -29813,86 +29820,86 @@ Switzerland, where I have since been his guest. I insert the song here for convenient reference and preservation. Byers said that there was an excellent glee-club among the prisoners in Columbia, who used to sing it well, with an audience often of rebel -ladies:<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +ladies:<br> +<br> +<br></p> <p>SHERMAN'S MARCH TO THE SEA.</p> <p>Composed by Adjutant Byers, Fifth Iowa Infantry. Arranged and sung by the Prisoners in Columbia Prison.</p> <blockquote> -<br >I<br > -<br > -Our camp-fires shone bright on the mountain<br > -That frowned on the river below,<br > -As we stood by our guns in the morning,<br > -And eagerly watched for the foe;<br > -When a rider came out of the darkness<br > -That hung over mountain and tree,<br > -And shouted, "Boys, up and be ready!<br > -For Sherman will march to the sea!"<br > -<br > -<br > -CHORUS:<br > -<br > -Then sang we a song of our chieftain,<br > -That echoed over river and lea;<br > -And the stars of our banner shone brighter<br > -When Sherman marched down to the sea!<br > -<br > -<br > -II<br > -<br > -Then cheer upon cheer for bold Sherman<br > -Went up from each valley and glen,<br > -And the bugles reechoed the music<br > -That came from the lips of the men;<br > -For we knew that the stars in our banner<br > -More bright in their splendor would be,<br > -And that blessings from Northland world greet us,<br > -When Sherman marched down to the sea!<br > -Then sang we a song, etc.<br > -<br > -<br > -III<br > -<br > -Then forward, boys! forward to battle!<br > -We marched on our wearisome way,<br > -We stormed the wild hills of Resacar<br > -God bless those who fell on that day!<br > -Then Kenesaw frowned in its glory,<br > -Frowned down on the flag of the free;<br > -But the East and the West bore our standard,<br > -And Sherman marched on to the sea!<br > -Then sang we a song, etc.<br > -<br > -<br > -IV<br > -<br > -Still onward we pressed, till our banners<br > -Swept out from Atlanta's grim walls,<br > -And the blood of the patriot dampened<br > -The soil where the traitor-flag falls;<br > -But we paused not to weep for the fallen,<br > -Who slept by each river and tree,<br > -Yet we twined them a wreath of the laurel,<br > -As Sherman marched down to the sea!<br > -Then sang we a song, etc.<br > -<br > -<br > -V<br > -<br > -Oh, proud was our army that morning,<br > -That stood where the pine darkly towers,<br > -When Sherman said, "Boys, you are weary,<br > -But to-day fair Savannah is ours!"<br > -Then sang we the song of our chieftain,<br > -That echoed over river and lea,<br > -And the stars in our banner shone brighter<br > -When Sherman camped down by the sea!<br > +<br>I<br> +<br> +Our camp-fires shone bright on the mountain<br> +That frowned on the river below,<br> +As we stood by our guns in the morning,<br> +And eagerly watched for the foe;<br> +When a rider came out of the darkness<br> +That hung over mountain and tree,<br> +And shouted, "Boys, up and be ready!<br> +For Sherman will march to the sea!"<br> +<br> +<br> +CHORUS:<br> +<br> +Then sang we a song of our chieftain,<br> +That echoed over river and lea;<br> +And the stars of our banner shone brighter<br> +When Sherman marched down to the sea!<br> +<br> +<br> +II<br> +<br> +Then cheer upon cheer for bold Sherman<br> +Went up from each valley and glen,<br> +And the bugles reechoed the music<br> +That came from the lips of the men;<br> +For we knew that the stars in our banner<br> +More bright in their splendor would be,<br> +And that blessings from Northland world greet us,<br> +When Sherman marched down to the sea!<br> +Then sang we a song, etc.<br> +<br> +<br> +III<br> +<br> +Then forward, boys! forward to battle!<br> +We marched on our wearisome way,<br> +We stormed the wild hills of Resacar<br> +God bless those who fell on that day!<br> +Then Kenesaw frowned in its glory,<br> +Frowned down on the flag of the free;<br> +But the East and the West bore our standard,<br> +And Sherman marched on to the sea!<br> +Then sang we a song, etc.<br> +<br> +<br> +IV<br> +<br> +Still onward we pressed, till our banners<br> +Swept out from Atlanta's grim walls,<br> +And the blood of the patriot dampened<br> +The soil where the traitor-flag falls;<br> +But we paused not to weep for the fallen,<br> +Who slept by each river and tree,<br> +Yet we twined them a wreath of the laurel,<br> +As Sherman marched down to the sea!<br> +Then sang we a song, etc.<br> +<br> +<br> +V<br> +<br> +Oh, proud was our army that morning,<br> +That stood where the pine darkly towers,<br> +When Sherman said, "Boys, you are weary,<br> +But to-day fair Savannah is ours!"<br> +Then sang we the song of our chieftain,<br> +That echoed over river and lea,<br> +And the stars in our banner shone brighter<br> +When Sherman camped down by the sea!<br> </blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Toward evening of February 17th, the mayor, Dr. Goodwin, came to my quarters at Duncan's house, and remarked that there was a lady in Columbia who professed to be a special friend of mine. On his @@ -29994,7 +30001,7 @@ some of which were carried four or five blocks, and started new fires. The men seemed generally under good control, and certainly labored hard to girdle the fire, to prevent its spreading; but, so long as the high wind prevailed, it was simply beyond human -possibility. Fortunately, about 3 or 4 a.m., the wind moderated, +possibility. Fortunately, about 3 or 4 A.M., the wind moderated, and gradually the fire was got under control; but it had burned out the very heart of the city, embracing several churches, the old State-House, and the school or asylum of that very Sister of @@ -30021,16 +30028,16 @@ say, from my army. In my official report of this conflagration, I distinctly charged it to General Wade Hampton, and confess I did so pointedly, to shake the faith of his people in him, for he was in my opinion boastful, and professed to be the special champion of -South Carolina.<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +South Carolina.<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Columbia"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Columbia.jpg (207K)" src="images/Columbia.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Columbia.jpg (207K)" src="images/Columbia.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Columbia.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt="Full Size" -src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>The morning sun of February 18th rose bright and clear over a ruined city. About half of it was in ashes and in smouldering heaps. Many of the people were houseless, and gathered in groups in @@ -30233,29 +30240,29 @@ called on General Howard for another volunteer, and he brought me a very clever young sergeant, who is now a commissioned officer in the regular army. Each of these got off during the night by separate routes, bearing the following message, reduced to the same -cipher we used in telegraphic messages:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, LAUREL HILL, Wednesday, March 8, 1865.<br > -<br > -Commanding Officer, Wilmington, North Carolina:<br > -<br > +cipher we used in telegraphic messages:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, LAUREL HILL, Wednesday, March 8, 1865.<br> +<br> +Commanding Officer, Wilmington, North Carolina:<br> +<br> We are marching for Fayetteville, will be there Saturday, Sunday, -and Monday, and will then march for Goldsboro'.<br > -<br > +and Monday, and will then march for Goldsboro'.<br> +<br> If possible, send a boat up Cape Fear River, and have word conveyed to General Schofield that I expect to meet him about Goldsboro'. We are all well and have done finely. The rains make our roads difficult, and may delay us about Fayetteville, in which case I would like to have some bread, sugar, and coffee. We have abundance of all else. I expect to reach Goldsboro' by the 20th -instant.<br > -<br > +instant.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 9th I was with the Fifteenth Corps, and toward evening reached a little church called Bethel, in the woods, in which we took refuge in a terrible storm of rain, which poured all night, @@ -30337,19 +30344,19 @@ beautiful daughters.</p> Halleck and Grant, and Generals Schofield, Foster, Easton, and Beckwith, all of which have been published, but I include here only those to the Secretary of War, and Generals Grant and Terry, as -samples of the whole:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +samples of the whole:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE FIELD, -FAYETTVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, Sunday, March. 12, 1885.<br > -<br > -Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > +FAYETTVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, Sunday, March. 12, 1885.<br> +<br> +Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> DEAR SIR: I know you will be pleased to hear that my army has reached this point, and has opened communication with Wilmington. A -tug-boat came up this morning, and will start back at 6 P. M.<br > -<br > +tug-boat came up this morning, and will start back at 6 P. M.<br> +<br> I have written a letter to General Grant, the substance of which he will doubtless communicate, and it must suffice for me to tell you what I know will give you pleasure--that I have done all that I @@ -30363,8 +30370,8 @@ is safe against the army of the West. Let Lee hold on to Richmond, and we will destroy his country; and then of what use is Richmond. He must come out and fight us on open ground, and for that we must ever be ready. Let him stick behind his parapets, and he will -perish.<br > -<br > +perish.<br> +<br> I remember well what you asked me, and think I am on the right road, though a long one. My army is as united and cheerful as ever, and as full of confidence in itself and its leaders. It is utterly @@ -30376,36 +30383,36 @@ fine order, and has been much enlarged. I cannot leave a detachment to hold it, therefore shall burn it, blow it up with gunpowder, and then with rams knock down its walls. I take it for granted the United States will never again trust North Carolina with an arsenal -to appropriate at her pleasure.<br > -<br > +to appropriate at her pleasure.<br> +<br> Hoping that good fortune may still attend my army. I remain your -servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE -FIELD,<br > -FAYETTVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, Sunday, March. 12, 1885.<br > -<br > +FIELD,<br> +FAYETTVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, Sunday, March. 12, 1885.<br> +<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, commanding United States Army, City -Point, Virginia.<br > -<br > +Point, Virginia.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: We reached this place yesterday at noon; Hardee, as usual, retreating across the Cape Fear, burning his bridges; but our pontoons will be up to-day, and, with as little delay as -possible, I will be after him toward Goldsboro'.<br > -<br > +possible, I will be after him toward Goldsboro'.<br> +<br> A tug has just come up from Wilmington, and before I get off from here, I hope to get from Wilmington some shoes and stockings, sugar, coffee, and flour. We are abundantly supplied with all else, -having in a measure lived off the country.<br > -<br > +having in a measure lived off the country.<br> +<br> The army is in splendid health, condition, and spirits, though we have had foul weather, and roads that would have stopped travel to -almost any other body of men I ever heard of.<br > -<br > +almost any other body of men I ever heard of.<br> +<br> Our march, was substantially what I designed--straight on Columbia, feigning on Branchville and Augusta. We destroyed, in passing, the railroad from the Edisto nearly up to Aiken; again, from Orangeburg @@ -30416,77 +30423,77 @@ immense arsenals and railroad establishments, among which wore forty-three cannon. At Cheraw we found also machinery and material of war sent from Charleston, among which were twenty-five guns and thirty-six hundred barrels of powder; and here we find about twenty -guns and a magnificent United States' arsenal.<br > -<br > +guns and a magnificent United States' arsenal.<br> +<br> We cannot afford to leave detachments, and I shall therefore destroy this valuable arsenal, so the enemy shall not have its use; and the United States should never again confide such valuable -property to a people who have betrayed a trust.<br > -<br > +property to a people who have betrayed a trust.<br> +<br> I could leave here to-morrow, but want to clear my columns of the vast crowd of refugees and negroes that encumber us. Some I will send down the river in boats, and the rest to Wilmington by land, -under small escort, as soon as we are across Cape Fear River.<br > -<br > +under small escort, as soon as we are across Cape Fear River.<br> +<br> I hope you have not been uneasy about us, and that the fruits of this march will be appreciated. It had to be made not only to destroy the valuable depots by the way, but for its incidents in the necessary fall of Charleston, Georgetown, and Wilmington. If I can now add Goldsboro' without too much cost, I will be in a -position to aid you materially in the spring campaign.<br > -<br > +position to aid you materially in the spring campaign.<br> +<br> Jos. Johnston may try to interpose between me here and Schofield about Newbern; but I think he will not try that, but concentrate his scattered armies at Raleigh, and I will go straight at him as -soon as I get our men reclothed and our wagons reloaded.<br > -<br > +soon as I get our men reclothed and our wagons reloaded.<br> +<br> Keep everybody busy, and let Stoneman push toward Greensboro' or Charlotte from Knoxville; even a feint in that quarter will be most -important.<br > -<br > +important.<br> +<br> The railroad from Charlotte to Danville is all that is left to the enemy, and it will not do for me to go there, on account of the -red-clay hills which are impassable to wheels in wet weather.<br > -<br > +red-clay hills which are impassable to wheels in wet weather.<br> +<br> I expect to make a junction with General Schofield in ten -days.<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +days.<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE -FIELD,<br > -FAYETTVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, Sunday, March. 12, 1885.<br > -<br > +FIELD,<br> +FAYETTVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, Sunday, March. 12, 1885.<br> +<br> Major-General TERRY, commanding United States Forces, Wilmington, -North Carolina.<br > -<br > +North Carolina.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have just received your message by the tug which left Wilmington at 2 p.m. yesterday, which arrived here without trouble. The scout who brought me your cipher-message started back last night with my answers, which are superseded by the fact of your -opening the river.<br > -<br > +opening the river.<br> +<br> General Howard just reports that he has secured one of the enemy's steamboats below the city, General Slocum will try to secure two others known to be above, and we will load them with refugees (white and black) who have clung to our skirts, impeded our -movements, and consumed our food.<br > -<br > +movements, and consumed our food.<br> +<br> We have swept the country well from Savannah to here, and the men and animals are in fine condition. Had it not been for the foul weather, I would have caught Hardee at Cheraw or here; but at Columbia, Cheraw, and here, we have captured immense stores, and destroyed machinery, guns, ammunition, and property, of inestimable value to our enemy. At all points he has fled from us, "standing -not on the order of his going."<br > -<br > +not on the order of his going."<br> +<br> The people of South Carolina, instead of feeding Lee's army, will -now call on Lee to feed them.<br > -<br > +now call on Lee to feed them.<br> +<br> I want you to send me all the shoes, stockings, drawers, sugar, coffee, and flour, you can spare; finish the loads with oats or corn: Have the boats escorted, and let them run at night at any @@ -30498,19 +30505,19 @@ from Wilmington. If we can get the roads to and secure Goldsboro' by April 10th, it will be soon enough; but every day now is worth a million of dollars. I can whip Jos. Johnston provided he does not catch one of my corps in flank, and I will see that the army -marches hence to Goldsboro' in compact form.<br > -<br > +marches hence to Goldsboro' in compact form.<br> +<br> I must rid our army of from twenty to thirty thousand useless mouths; as many to go down Cape Fear as possible, and the rest to go in vehicles or on captured horses via Clinton to -Wilmington.<br > -<br > +Wilmington.<br> +<br> I thank you for the energetic action that has marked your course, -and shall be most happy to meet you. I am, truly your friend,<br > -<br > +and shall be most happy to meet you. I am, truly your friend,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>In quick succession I received other messages from General Terry, of older date, and therefore superseded by that brought by the tug Davidson, viz., by two naval officers, who had come up @@ -30808,18 +30815,18 @@ instructions to Generals Schofield and Thomas; and his letter of March 16th, in answer to mine of the 12th, from Fayetteville.</p> <p>These are all given here to explain the full reasons for the events of the war then in progress, with two or three letters from -myself, to fill out the picture.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, February 7, 1865<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +myself, to fill out the picture.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, February 7, 1865<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Without much expectation of it reaching you in time to be of any service, I have mailed to you copies of instructions to Schofield and Thomas. I had informed Schofield by telegraph of the @@ -30830,8 +30837,8 @@ returned. I was absent from here when they left. Just returned yesterday morning from Cape Fear River. I went there to determine where Schofield's corps had better go to operate against Wilmington and Goldsboro'. The instructions with this will inform you of the -conclusion arrived at.<br > -<br > +conclusion arrived at.<br> +<br> Schofield was with me, and the plan of the movement against Wilmington fully determined before we started back; hence the absence of more detailed instructions to him. He will land one @@ -30842,8 +30849,8 @@ can. With the aid of the gunboats, there is no doubt but this move will drive the enemy from their position eight miles east of the city, either back to their line or away altogether. There will be a large force on the north bank of Cape Fear River, ready to follow -up and invest the garrison, if they should go inside.<br > -<br > +up and invest the garrison, if they should go inside.<br> +<br> The railroads of North Carolina are four feet eight and one-half inches gauge. I have sent large parties of railroad-men there to build them up, and have ordered stock to run them. We have @@ -30851,35 +30858,35 @@ abundance of it idle from the non-use of the Virginia roads. I have taken every precaution to have supplies ready for you wherever you may turn up. I did this before when you left Atlanta, and regret that they did not reach you promptly when you reached -salt-water....<br > -<br > +salt-water....<br> +<br> Alexander Stephens, R. M. T. Hunter, and Judge Campbell, are now at my headquarters, very desirous of going to Washington to see Mr. Lincoln, informally, on the subject of peace. The peace feeling within the rebel lines is gaining ground rapidly. This, however, should not relax our energies in the least, but should stimulate us -to greater activity.<br > -<br > +to greater activity.<br> +<br> I have received your very kind letters, in which you say you would decline, or are opposed to, promotion. No one world be more pleased at your advancement than I, and if you should be placed in my position, and I put subordinate, it would not change our personal relations in the least. I would make the same exertions to support you that you have ever done to support me, and would do all in my -power to make our cause win.<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, January 81, 1865.<br > -<br > +power to make our cause win.<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, January 81, 1865.<br> +<br> Major-General G. H. THOMAS, commanding Army of the -Cumberland.<br > -<br > +Cumberland.<br> +<br> GENERAL: With this I send you a letter from General Sherman. At the time of writing it, General Sherman was not informed of the depletion of your command by my orders. It will, be impossible at @@ -30892,50 +30899,50 @@ destroying the railroad and military resources of the country, thus visiting a portion of the State which will not be reached by Sherman's forces. He might also be able to return to East Tennessee by way of Salisbury, North Carolina, thus releasing home our -prisoners of war in rebel hands.<br > -<br > +prisoners of war in rebel hands.<br> +<br> Of the practicability of doing this, General Stoneman will have to be the judge, making up his mind from information obtained while executing the first part of his instructions. Sherman's movements will attract the attention of all the force the enemy can collect, -thus facilitating the execution of this.<br > -<br > +thus facilitating the execution of this.<br> +<br> Three thousand cavalry would be a sufficient force to take. This probably can be raised in the old Department of the Ohio, without taking any now under General Wilson. It would require, though, the reorganization of the two regiments of Kentucky Cavalry, which Stoneman had in his very successful raid into Southwestern -Virginia.<br > -<br > +Virginia.<br> +<br> It will be necessary, probably, for you to send, in addition to the force now in East Tennessee, a small division of infantry, to enable General Gillem to hold the upper end of Holston Valley, and -the mountain-passes in rear of Stevenson.<br > -<br > +the mountain-passes in rear of Stevenson.<br> +<br> You may order such an expedition. To save time, I will send a copy of this to General Stoneman, so that he can begin his preparations without loss of time, and can commence his correspondence with you -as to these preparations.<br > -<br > +as to these preparations.<br> +<br> As this expedition goes to destroy and not to fight battles, but to avoid them when practicable, particularly against any thing like equal forces, or where a great object is to be gained, it should go as light as possible. Stoneman's experience, in raiding will teach -him in this matter better than he can be directed.<br > -<br > +him in this matter better than he can be directed.<br> +<br> Let there be no delay in the preparations for this expedition, and keep me advised of its progress. Very respectfully, your obedient -servant,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, January 81, 1865.<br > -<br > -Major-General J. M. SCHOFIELD, commanding army of the Ohio.<br > -<br > +servant,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, January 81, 1865.<br> +<br> +Major-General J. M. SCHOFIELD, commanding army of the Ohio.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have requested by telegraph that, for present purposes, North Carolina be erected into a department, and that you be placed in command of it, subject to Major-General Sherman's orders. Of @@ -30949,8 +30956,8 @@ all the troops in North Carolina, dating all official communications, "Headquarters Army of the Ohio." Your headquarters will be in the field, and with the portion of the army where you feel yourself most needed. In the first move you will go to Cape -Fear River.<br > -<br > +Fear River.<br> +<br> Your movements are intended as cooperative with Sherman's movement through the States of South and North Carolina. The first point to be obtained is to secure Wilmington. Goldsboro' will then be your @@ -30967,23 +30974,23 @@ throwing supplies from to the interior, you will commence the accumulation of twenty days rations and forage for sixty thousand men and twenty thousand animals. You will get of these as many as you can house and protect, to such point in the interior as you may -be able to occupy.<br > -<br > +be able to occupy.<br> +<br> I believe General Innis N. Palmer has received some instructions directly from General Sherman, on the subject of securing supplies for his army. You can learn what steps he has taken, and be governed in your requisitions accordingly. A supply of -ordnance-stores will also be necessary.<br > -<br > +ordnance-stores will also be necessary.<br> +<br> Make all your requisitions upon the chiefs of their respective departments, in the field, with me at City Point. Communicate with me by every opportunity, and, should you deem it necessary at any time, send a special boat to Fortress Monroe, from which point you -can communicate by telegraph.<br > -<br > +can communicate by telegraph.<br> +<br> The supplies referred to in these instructions are exclusive of -those required by your own command.<br > -<br > +those required by your own command.<br> +<br> The movements of the enemy may justify you, or even make it your imperative duty, to cut loose from your base and strike for the interior, to aid Sherman. In such case you will act on your own @@ -30993,39 +31000,39 @@ instructions are necessarily left to you. I would urge, however, if I did not know that you are already fully alive to the importance of it, prompt action. Sherman may be looked for in the neighborhood of Goldsboro' any time from the 22d to the 28th of February. This -limits your time very materially.<br > -<br > +limits your time very materially.<br> +<br> If rolling-stock is not secured in the capture of Wilmington, it can be supplied from Washington: A large force of railroad-men has already been sent to Beaufort, and other mechanics will go to Fort Fisher in a day or two. On this point I have informed you by -telegraph.<br > -<br > -Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, March 16, 1865.<br > -<br > +telegraph.<br> +<br> +Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, March 16, 1865.<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Your interesting letter of the 12th inst. is just received. I have never felt any uneasiness for your safety, but I have felt great anxiety to know just how you were progressing. I knew, or thought I did, that, with the magnificent army with you, -you would come out safely somewhere.<br > -<br > +you would come out safely somewhere.<br> +<br> To secure certain success, I deemed the capture of Wilmington of the greatest importance. Butler came near losing that prize to us. But Terry and Schofield have since retrieved his blunders, and I do not know but the first failure has been as valuable a success for the country as the capture of Fort Fisher. Butler may not see it in -that light.<br > -<br > +that light.<br> +<br> Ever since you started on the last campaign, and before, I have been attempting to get something done in the West, both to cooperate with you and to take advantage of the enemy's weakness @@ -31059,16 +31066,16 @@ to destroy the road in Virginia up as near to that place as possible. Not hearing from Thomas, I telegraphed to him about the 12th, to know if Stoneman was yet off. He replied not, but that he (Thomas) would start that day for Knoxville, to get him off as soon -as possible.<br > -<br > +as possible.<br> +<br> Sheridan has made his raid, and with splendid success, so far as heard. I am looking for him at "White House" to-day. Since about the 20th of last month the Richmond papers have been prohibited from publishing accounts of army movements. We are left to our own resources, therefore, for information. You will see from the papers what Sheridan has done; if you do not, the officer who bears this -will tell you all.<br > -<br > +will tell you all.<br> +<br> Lee has depleted his army but very little recently, and I learn of none going south. Some regiments may have been detached, but I think no division or brigade. The determination seems to be to hold @@ -31079,13 +31086,13 @@ impassable. Until they improve, I shall content myself with watching Lee, and be prepared to pitch into him if he attempts to evacuate the place. I may bring Sheridan over--think I will--and break up the Danville and Southside Railroads. These are the last -avenues left to the enemy.<br > -<br > +avenues left to the enemy.<br> +<br> Recruits have come in so rapidly at the West that Thomas has now about as much force as he had when he attacked Hood. I have stopped all who, under previous orders, would go to him, except those from -Illinois.<br > -<br > +Illinois.<br> +<br> Fearing the possibility of the enemy falling back to Lynchburg, and afterward attempting to go into East Tennessee or Kentucky, I have ordered Thomas to move the Fourth Corps to Bull's Gap, and to @@ -31096,40 +31103,40 @@ Virginia Hue. I told him to get ready for a campaign toward Lynchburg, if it became necessary. He never can make one there or elsewhere; but the steps taken will prepare for any one else to take his troops and come east or go toward Rome, whichever may be -necessary. I do not believe either will.<br > -<br > +necessary. I do not believe either will.<br> +<br> When I hear that you and Schofield are together, with your back upon the coast, I shall feel that you are entirely safe against any thing the enemy can do. Lee may evacuate Richmond, but he cannot get there with force enough to touch you. His army is now demoralized and deserting very fast, both to us and to their homes. A retrograde movement would cost him thousands of men, even if we -did not follow.<br > -<br > +did not follow.<br> +<br> Five thousand men, belonging to the corps with you, are now on their way to join you. If more reenforcements are necessary, I will send them. My notion is, that you should get Raleigh as soon as possible, and hold the railroad from there back. This may take more -force than you now have.<br > -<br > +force than you now have.<br> +<br> From that point all North Carolina roads can be made useless to the -enemy, without keeping up communications with the rear.<br > -<br > +enemy, without keeping up communications with the rear.<br> +<br> Hoping to hear soon of your junction with the forces from Wilmington and Newborn, I remain, very respectfully, your obedient -servant,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +servant,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE -FIELD,<br > -COX'S BRIGADE, NEUSE RIVER, NORTH CAROLINA, March 22, 1865<br > -<br > +FIELD,<br> +COX'S BRIGADE, NEUSE RIVER, NORTH CAROLINA, March 22, 1865<br> +<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, Commander-in-Chief, City Point, -Virginia.<br > -<br > +Virginia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I wrote you from Fayetteville, North Carolina, on Tuesday, the 14th instant, that I was all ready to start for Goldsboro', to which point I had also ordered General Schofield, from Newborn, and @@ -31145,8 +31152,8 @@ in like manner, sent his trains with the Seventeenth Corps, well to the right, and, with the four divisions of the Fifteenth Corps, took roads which would enable him to come promptly to the exposed left flank. We started on the 16th, but again the rains set in, and -the roads, already bad enough, became horrible.<br > -<br > +the roads, already bad enough, became horrible.<br> +<br> On Tuesday, the 16th, General Slocum found Hardee's army, from Charleston, which had retreated before us from Cheraw, in position across the narrow, swampy neck between Cape Fear and North Rivers, @@ -31162,8 +31169,8 @@ dead rebels, and captured and destroyed three guns. Some eighty wounded rebels were left in our hands, and, after dressing their wounds, we left them in a house, attended by a Confederate officer and four privates, detailed out of our prisoners and paroled for -the purpose.<br > -<br > +the purpose.<br> +<br> We resumed the march toward Goldsboro'. I was with the left wing until I supposed all danger had passed; but, when General Slocum's head of column was within four miles of Bentonsville, after @@ -31175,8 +31182,8 @@ of Jeff. C. Davis's corps. The enemy attacked these with violence, but was repulsed. This was in the forenoon of Sunday, the 19th. General Slocum brought forward the two divisions of the Twentieth Corps, hastily disposed of them for defense, and General Kilpatrick -massed his cavalry on the left.<br > -<br > +massed his cavalry on the left.<br> +<br> General Jos. Johnston had, the night before, marched his whole army (Bragg, Cheatham, S. D. Lee, Hardee, and all the troops he had drawn from every quarter), determined, as he told his men, to crash @@ -31202,72 +31209,72 @@ fix up a little. Our entire losses thus far (killed, wounded, and prisoners) will be covered by twenty-five hundred, a great part of which are, as usual, slight wounds. The enemy has lost more than double as many, and we have in prisoners alone full two -thousand.<br > -<br > +thousand.<br> +<br> I limited the pursuit, this morning, to Mill Creek, and will forthwith march the army to Goldsboro', there to rest, reclothe, -and get some rations.<br > -<br > +and get some rations.<br> +<br> Our combinations were such that General Schofield entered Goldsboro' from Newborn; General Terry got Cox's Bridge, with pontoons laid, and a brigade across Neuse River intrenched; and we -whipped Jos. Johnston--all on the same day.<br > -<br > +whipped Jos. Johnston--all on the same day.<br> +<br> After riding over the field of battle to-day, near Bentonsville, and making the necessary orders, I have ridden down to this place (Cox's Bridge) to see General Terry, and to-morrow shall ride into -Goldsboro.<br > -<br > +Goldsboro.<br> +<br> I propose to collect there my army proper; shall post General Terry about Faison's Depot, and General Schofield about Kinston, partly to protect the road, but more to collect such food and forage as the country affords, until the railroads are repaired leading into -Goldsboro'.<br > -<br > +Goldsboro'.<br> +<br> I fear these have not been pushed with the vigor I had expected; but I will soon have them both going. I shall proceed at once to organize three armies of twenty-five thousand men each, and will try and be all ready to march to Raleigh or Weldon, as we may -determine, by or before April 10th.<br > -<br > +determine, by or before April 10th.<br> +<br> I inclose you a copy of my orders of to-day. I would like to be more specific, but have not the data. We have lost no general officers nor any organization. General Slocum took three guns at Averysboro', and lost three others at the first dash on him at Bentonsville. We have all our wagons and trains in good -order.<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +order.<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE -FIELD,<br > -COX'S BRIGADE, GOLDSBORO', NORTH CAROLINA, March 23, 1865.<br > -<br > +FIELD,<br> +COX'S BRIGADE, GOLDSBORO', NORTH CAROLINA, March 23, 1865.<br> +<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, commanding the Armies of the United -States, City Point, Virginia.<br > -<br > +States, City Point, Virginia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: On reaching Goldsboro' this morning, I found Lieutenant Dunn awaiting me with your letter of March 18th and dispatch of the 17th. I wrote you fully from Cox's Bridge yesterday, and since reaching Goldsboro' have learned that my letter was sent punctually -to Newborn, whence it will be dispatched to you.<br > -<br > +to Newborn, whence it will be dispatched to you.<br> +<br> I am very glad to hear that General Sheridan did such good service between Richmond and Lynchburg, and hope he will keep the ball moving, I know that these raids and dashes disconcert our enemy and -discourage him much.<br > -<br > +discourage him much.<br> +<br> General Slocum's two corps (Fourteenth and Twentieth) are now coming in. I will dispose of them north of Goldsboro', between the Weldon road and Little River. General Howard to-day is marching south of the Nenae, and to-morrow will come in and occupy ground north of Goldsboro', extending from the Weldon Railroad to that -leading to Kinston.<br > -<br > +leading to Kinston.<br> +<br> I have ordered all the provisional divisions, made up of troops belonging to the regular corps, to be broken up, and the men to join their proper regiments and organizations; and have ordered @@ -31278,13 +31285,13 @@ centre, as on the Atlanta campaign. I do not think I want any more troops (other than absentees and recruits) to fill up the present regiments, and I can make up an army of eighty thousand men by April 10th. I will post General Kilpatrick at Mount Olive Station -on the Wilmington road, and then allow the army some rest.<br > -<br > +on the Wilmington road, and then allow the army some rest.<br> +<br> We have sent all our empty wagons, under escort, with the proper staff-officers, to bring up from Kinston clothing and provisions. As long as we move we can gather food and forage; but, the moment -we stop, trouble begins.<br > -<br > +we stop, trouble begins.<br> +<br> I feel sadly disappointed that our railroads are not done. I do not like to say there has been any neglect until I make inquiries; but it does seem to me the repairs should have been made ere this, and @@ -31293,30 +31300,30 @@ the road properly stocked. I can only hear of one locomotive locomotives (found by General Terry) on the Wilmington road. I left Generals Easton and Beckwith purposely to make arrangements in anticipation of my arrival, and have heard from neither, though I -suppose them both to be at Morehead City.<br > -<br > +suppose them both to be at Morehead City.<br> +<br> At all events, we have now made a junction of all the armies, and if we can maintain them, will, in a short time, be in a position to march against Raleigh, Gaston, Weldon, or even Richmond, as you may -determine.<br > -<br > +determine.<br> +<br> If I get the troops all well planed, and the supplies working well, I may run up to see you for a day or two before diving again into -the bowels of the country.<br > -<br > +the bowels of the country.<br> +<br> I will make, in a very short time, accurate reports of our -operations for the past two months. Yours truly,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +operations for the past two months. Yours truly,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE -FIELD,<br > -COX'S BRIGADE, GOLDSBORO', NORTH CAROLINA, March 24, 1865.<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia.<br > -<br > +FIELD,<br> +COX'S BRIGADE, GOLDSBORO', NORTH CAROLINA, March 24, 1865.<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have kept Lieutenant Dunn over to-day that I might report farther. All the army is now in, save the cavalry (which I have posted at Mount Olive Station, south of the Nenae) and General @@ -31335,41 +31342,41 @@ Johnston's army afraid of us. He himself acts with timidity and caution. His cavalry alone manifests spirit, but limits its operations to our stragglers and foraging-parties. My marching columns of infantry do not pay the cavalry any attention, but walk -right through it.<br > -<br > +right through it.<br> +<br> I think I see pretty clearly how, in one more move, we can checkmate Lee, forcing him to unite Johnston with him in the defense of Richmond, or to abandon the cause. I feel certain, if he leaves Richmond, Virginia leaves the Confederacy. I will study my maps a little more before giving my positive views. I want all possible information of the Roanoke as to navigability, how far up, -and with what draught.<br > -<br > +and with what draught.<br> +<br> We find the country sandy, dry, with good roads, and more corn and forage than I had expected. The families remain, but I will gradually push them all out to Raleigh or Wilmington. We will need every house in the town. Lieutenant Dunn can tell you of many -things of which I need not write. Yours truly,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +things of which I need not write. Yours truly,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE -FIELD,<br > -COX'S BRIGADE, GOLDSBORO', NORTH CAROLINA, April 5,1865<br > -<br > +FIELD,<br> +COX'S BRIGADE, GOLDSBORO', NORTH CAROLINA, April 5,1865<br> +<br> Major-General George H. Thomas, commanding Department of the -Cumberland.<br > -<br > +Cumberland.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: I can hardly help smiling when I contemplate my command--it is decidedly mixed. I believe, but am not certain, that you are in my jurisdiction, but I certainly cannot help you in the way of orders or men; nor do I think you need either. General Cruft has just arrived with his provisional division, which will at once be broken up and the men sent to their proper regiments, as that of -Meagher was on my arrival here.<br > -<br > +Meagher was on my arrival here.<br> +<br> You may have some feeling about my asking that General Slocum should have command of the two corps that properly belong to you, viz., the Fourteenth and Twentieth, but you can recall that he was @@ -31380,47 +31387,47 @@ therefore asked that General Slocum should be assigned to command Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps. The order is not yet made by the President, though I have recognized it because both, General Grant and the President have sanctioned it, and promised to have the -order made.<br > -<br > +order made.<br> +<br> My army is now here, pretty well clad and provided, divided into three parts, of two corps each--much as our old Atlanta army -was.<br > -<br > +was.<br> +<br> I expect to move on in a few days, and propose (if Lee remains in Richmond) to pass the Roanoke, and open communication with the Chowan and Norfolk. This will bring me in direct communication with -General Grant.<br > -<br > +General Grant.<br> +<br> This is an admirable point--country open, and the two railroads in good order back to Wilmington and Beaufort. We have already brought up stores enough to fill our wagons, and only await some few articles, and the arrival of some men who are marching up from the -coast, to be off.<br > -<br > +coast, to be off.<br> +<br> General Grant explained to me his orders to you, which, of course, are all right. You can make reports direct to Washington or to General Grant, but keep me advised occasionally of the general state of affairs, that I may know what is happening. I must give my undivided attention to matters here. You will hear from a thousand -sources pretty fair accounts of our next march. Yours truly,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[LETTER FROM ADMIRAL DAHLGREN]<br > -<br > -SOUTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON<br > -FLAG-SHIP PHILADELPHIA, CHARLESTON, April 20, 1865<br > -<br > +sources pretty fair accounts of our next march. Yours truly,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[LETTER FROM ADMIRAL DAHLGREN]<br> +<br> +SOUTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON<br> +FLAG-SHIP PHILADELPHIA, CHARLESTON, April 20, 1865<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Armies of the Tennessee, -Georgia, and Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Georgia, and Mississippi.<br> +<br> Mr DEAR GENERAL: I was much gratified by a sight of your handwriting, which has just reached me from Goldsboro'; it was very suggestive of a past to me, when these regions were the scene of -your operations.<br > -<br > +your operations.<br> +<br> As you progressed through South Carolina, there was no manifestation of weakness or of an intention to abandon Charleston, until within a few hours of the fact. On the 11th of February I was @@ -31463,24 +31470,24 @@ had left at eight or nine in the evening, leaving detachments to keep up a fire from the batteries. I steamed round quickly, and soon got into the city, threading the streets with a large group of naval captains who had joined me. All was silent as the grave. No -one to be seen but a few firemen.<br > -<br > +one to be seen but a few firemen.<br> +<br> No one can question the excellence of your judgment in taking the track you did, and I never had any misgivings, but it was natural to desire to go into the place with a strong hand, for, if any one spot in the land was foremost in the trouble, it was -Charleston.<br > -<br > +Charleston.<br> +<br> Your campaign was the final blow, grand in conception, complete in execution; and now it is yours to secure the last army which rebeldom possesses. I hear of your being in motion by the 9th, and -hope that the result may be all that you wish.<br > -<br > +hope that the result may be all that you wish.<br> +<br> Tidings of the murder of the President have just come, and shocked every mind. Can it be that such a resort finds root in any stratum of American opinion? Evidently it has not been the act of one man, -nor of a madman. Who have prompted him?<br > -<br > +nor of a madman. Who have prompted him?<br> +<br> I am grateful for your remembrance of my boy; the thought of him is ever nearest to my heart. Generous, brave, and noble, as I ever knew him to be, that he should close his young life so early, even @@ -31489,54 +31496,54 @@ Union, would have been grief sufficient for me to bear; but that his precious remains should have been so treated by the brutes into whose hands they fell, adds even to the bitterness of death. I am now awaiting the hour when I can pay my last duties to his -memory.<br > -<br > +memory.<br> +<br> With my best and sincere wishes, my dear general, for your success -and happiness, I am, most truly, your friend,<br > -<br > -J. A. DAHLGREN.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[General Order No. 50.]<br > -<br > -WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE<br > -WASHINGTON, March 27, 1865<br > -<br > +and happiness, I am, most truly, your friend,<br> +<br> +J. A. DAHLGREN.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[General Order No. 50.]<br> +<br> +WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE<br> +WASHINGTON, March 27, 1865<br> +<br> Ordered--1. That at the hour of noon, on the 14th day of April, 1885, Brevet Major-General Anderson will raise and plant upon the ruins of Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor, the same United States flag which floated over the battlements of that fort during the rebel assault, and which was lowered and saluted by him and the small force of his command when the works were evacuated on the -14th day of April, 1861.<br > -<br > +14th day of April, 1861.<br> +<br> 2. That the flag, when raised, be saluted by one hundred guns from Fort Sumter, and by a national salute from every fort and rebel -battery that fired upon Fort Sumter.<br > -<br > +battery that fired upon Fort Sumter.<br> +<br> 3. That suitable ceremonies be had upon the occasion, under the direction of Major-General William T. Sherman, whose military operations compelled the rebels to evacuate Charleston, or, in his absence, under the charge of Major-General Q. A. Gilmore, commanding the department. Among the ceremonies will be the -delivery of a public address by the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher.<br > -<br > +delivery of a public address by the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher.<br> +<br> 4. That the naval forces at Charleston, and their commander on that station, be invited to participate in the ceremonies of the -occasion.<br > -<br > -By order of the President of the United States,<br > -<br > -EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[General Order No. 41.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH<br > -HILTON HEAD, SOUTH CAROLINA, April 10, 1865<br > -<br > +occasion.<br> +<br> +By order of the President of the United States,<br> +<br> +EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[General Order No. 41.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH<br> +HILTON HEAD, SOUTH CAROLINA, April 10, 1865<br> +<br> Friday next, the 14th inst., will be the fourth anniversary of the capture of Fort Sumter by the rebels. A befitting celebration on that day, in honor of its reoccupation by the national forces, has @@ -31544,11 +31551,11 @@ been ordered by the President, in pursuance of which Brevet Major-General Robert Anderson, United States Army, will restore to its original place on the fort the identical flag which, after an honorable and gallant defense, he was compelled to lower to the -insurgents in South Carolina, in April, 1861.<br > -<br > +insurgents in South Carolina, in April, 1861.<br> +<br> The ceremonies for the occasion will commence with prayer, at -thirty minutes past eleven o'clock a.m.<br > -<br > +thirty minutes past eleven o'clock A.M.<br> +<br> At noon precisely, the flag will be raised and saluted with one hundred guns from Fort Sumter, and with a national salute from Fort Moultrie and Battery Bee on Sullivan's Island, Fort Putnam on @@ -31556,33 +31563,33 @@ Morris Island, and Fort Johnson on James's Island; it being eminently appropriate that the places which were so conspicuous in the inauguration of the rebellion should take a part not less prominent in this national rejoicing over the restoration of the -national authority.<br > -<br > +national authority.<br> +<br> After the salutes, the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher will deliver an -address.<br > -<br > -The ceremonies will close with prayer and a benediction.<br > -<br > +address.<br> +<br> +The ceremonies will close with prayer and a benediction.<br> +<br> Colonel Stewart L. Woodford, chief of staff, under such verbal instructions as he may receive, is hereby charged with the details of the celebration, comprising all the arrangements that it may be necessary to make for the accommodation of the orator of the day, and the comfort and safety of the invited guests from the army and -navy, and from civil life.<br > -<br > -By command of Major-General Q. A. Gillmore,<br > -W. L. M. BURGER, Assistant Adjutant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +navy, and from civil life.<br> +<br> +By command of Major-General Q. A. Gillmore,<br> +W. L. M. BURGER, Assistant Adjutant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> Copy of Major ANDERSON's Dispatch, announcing the Surrender of Fort -Sumter, April 14, 1861.<br > -<br > -STEAMSHIP BALTIC, OFF SANDY HOOK<br > -April 10, 1861, 10.30 a.m. via New York<br > -<br > -Honorable S. Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington<br > -<br > +Sumter, April 14, 1861.<br> +<br> +STEAMSHIP BALTIC, OFF SANDY HOOK<br> +April 10, 1861, 10.30 A.M. via New York<br> +<br> +Honorable S. Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington<br> +<br> Having defended Fort Sumter for thirty-four hours, until the quarters were entirely burned, the main gates destroyed by fire, the gorge-walls seriously injured, the magazine surrounded by @@ -31593,35 +31600,35 @@ offered by General Beauregard, being the same offered by him on the 11th inst., prior to the commencement of hostilities, and marched out of the fort, Sunday afternoon, the 14th inst., with colors flying and drums beating, bringing away company and private -property, and saluting my flag with fifty guns.<br > -<br > +property, and saluting my flag with fifty guns.<br> +<br> ROBERT ANDERSON, Major First Artillery, commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch24"></a>CHAPTER XXIV.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>END OF THE WAR--FROM GOLDSBORO' TO RALEIGH AND WASHINGTON.</h3> -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> APRIL AND MAY, 1865.</div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Raleigh"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Raleigh.jpg (223K)" src="images/Raleigh.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div></div> +"Raleigh.jpg (223K)" src="images/Raleigh.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div></div> <a href="images/Raleigh.jpg" style="width:100%;" target="_blank"> <img alt="Full Size" -src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <p>As before described, the armies commanded respectively by Generals J. M. Schofield, A. H. Terry, and myself, effected a junction in and about Goldsboro', North Carolina, during the 22d @@ -31638,24 +31645,24 @@ herewith.</p> a personal interview with the general, and determined to go in person to City Point as soon as the repairs of the railroad, then in progress under the personal direction of Colonel W. W. Wright, -would permit:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +would permit:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES VCITY POINT, -VIRGINIA, March 22, 1865<br > -<br > +VIRGINIA, March 22, 1865<br> +<br> Major-General SHERMAN, Commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Although the Richmond papers do not communicate the fact, yet I saw enough in them to satisfy me that you occupied Goldsboro' on the 19th inst. I congratulate you and the army on what may be regarded as the successful termination of the third campaign since -leaving the Tennessee River, less than one year ago.<br > -<br > +leaving the Tennessee River, less than one year ago.<br> +<br> Since Sheridan's very successful raid north of the James, the enemy are left dependent on the Southside and Danville roads for all their supplies. These I hope to cut next week. Sheridan is at White @@ -31681,43 +31688,43 @@ shall start with no distinct view, further than holding Lee's forces from following Sheridan. But I shall be along myself, and will take advantage of any thing that turns up. If Lee detaches, I will attack; or if he comes out of his lines I will endeavor to -repulse him, and follow it up to the best advantage.<br > -<br > +repulse him, and follow it up to the best advantage.<br> +<br> It is most difficult to understand what the rebels intend to do; so far but few troops have been detached from Lee's army. Much machinery has been removed, and material has been sent to Lynchburg, showing a disposition to go there. Points, too, have -been fortified on the Danville road.<br > -<br > +been fortified on the Danville road.<br> +<br> Lee's army is much demoralized, and great numbers are deserting. Probably, from returned prisoners, and such conscripts as can be picked up, his numbers may be kept up. I estimate his force now at -about sixty-five thousand men.<br > -<br > +about sixty-five thousand men.<br> +<br> Wilson started on Monday, with twelve thousand cavalry, from Eastport. Stoneman started on the same day, from East Tennessee, toward Lynchburg. Thomas is moving the Fourth Corps to Bull's Gap. Canby is moving with a formidable force on Mobile and the interior -of Alabama.<br > -<br > +of Alabama.<br> +<br> I ordered Gilmore, as soon as the fall of Charleston was known, to hold all important posts on the sea-coast, and to send to Wilmington all surplus forces. Thomas was also directed to forward to Newbern all troops belonging to the corps with you. I understand this will give you about five thousand men, besides those brought -east by Meagher.<br > -<br > +east by Meagher.<br> +<br> I have been telegraphing General Meigs to hasten up locomotives and cars for you. General McCallum, he informs me, is attending to it. -I fear they are not going forward as fast as I world like.<br > -<br > -Let me know if you want more troops, or any thing else.<br > -<br > -Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +I fear they are not going forward as fast as I world like.<br> +<br> +Let me know if you want more troops, or any thing else.<br> +<br> +Very respectfully, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The railroad was repaired to Goldsboro' by the evening of March 25th, when, leaving General Schofield in chief command, with a couple of staff-officers I started for City Point, Virginia, in a @@ -31861,64 +31868,64 @@ as addressed to me were that he would feel better when I was back at Goldsboro'. We parted at the gangway of the River Queen, about noon of March 28th, and I never saw him again. Of all the men I ever met, he seemed to possess more of the elements of greatness, -combined with goodness, than any other.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -ADMIRAL PORTER'S ACCOUNT OF THE INTERVIEW WITH Mr. LINCOLN.<br > -<br > +combined with goodness, than any other.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +ADMIRAL PORTER'S ACCOUNT OF THE INTERVIEW WITH Mr. LINCOLN.<br> +<br> The day of General Sherman's arrival at City Point (I think the 27th of March, 1866), I accompanied him and General Grant on board the President's flagship, the Queen, where the President received -us in the upper saloon, no one but ourselves being present.<br > -<br > +us in the upper saloon, no one but ourselves being present.<br> +<br> The President was in an exceedingly pleasant mood, and delighted to -meet General Sherman, whom he cordially greeted.<br > -<br > +meet General Sherman, whom he cordially greeted.<br> +<br> It seems that this was the first time he had met Sherman, to remember him, since the beginning of the war, and did not remember when he had seen him before, until the general reminded him of the -circumstances of their first meeting.<br > -<br > +circumstances of their first meeting.<br> +<br> This was rather singular on the part of Mr. Lincoln, who was, I think, remarkable for remembering people, having that kingly quality in an eminent degree. Indeed, such was the power of his memory, that he seemed never to forget the most minute -circumstance.<br > -<br > +circumstance.<br> +<br> The conversation soon turned on the events of Sherman's campaign through the South, with every movement of which the President -seemed familiar.<br > -<br > +seemed familiar.<br> +<br> He laughed over some of the stories Sherman told of his "bummers," and told others in return, which illustrated in a striking manner the ideas he wanted to convey. For example, he would often express his wishes by telling an apt story, which was quite a habit with him, and one that I think he adopted to prevent his committing -himself seriously.<br > -<br > +himself seriously.<br> +<br> The interview between the two generals and the President lasted about an hour and a half, and, as it was a remarkable one, I jotted down what I remembered of the conversation, as I have made a practice of doing during the rebellion, when any thing interesting -occurred.<br > -<br > +occurred.<br> +<br> I don't regret having done so, as circumstances afterward occurred (Stanton's ill conduct toward Sherman) which tended to cast odium on General Sherman for allowing such liberal terms to Jos. -Johnston.<br > -<br > +Johnston.<br> +<br> Could the conversation that occurred on board the Queen, between the President and General Sherman, have been known, Sherman would not, and could not, have been censored. Mr. Lincoln, had he lived, would have acquitted the general of any blame, for he was only -carrying out the President's wishes.<br > -<br > +carrying out the President's wishes.<br> +<br> My opinion is, that Mr. Lincoln came down to City Point with the most liberal views toward the rebels. He felt confident that we would be successful, and was willing that the enemy should -capitulate on the most favorable terms.<br > -<br > +capitulate on the most favorable terms.<br> +<br> I don't know what the President would have done had he been left to himself, and had our army been unsuccessful, but he was than wrought up to a high state of excitement. He wanted peace on almost @@ -31934,18 +31941,18 @@ and exclaimed, a dozen times, "Good!" "All right!" "Exactly the thing!" and other similar expressions. Indeed, the President more than once told me what he supposed the terms would be: if Lee and Johnston surrendered, he considered the war ended, and that all the -other rebel forces world lay down their arms at once.<br > -<br > +other rebel forces world lay down their arms at once.<br> +<br> In this he proved to be right. Grant and Sherman were both of the same opinion, and so was everyone else who knew anything about the -matter.<br > -<br > +matter.<br> +<br> What signified the terms to them, so long as we obtained the actual surrender of people who only wanted a good opportunity to give up gracefully? The rebels had fought "to the last ditch," and all that they had left them was the hope of being handed down in history as -having received honorable terms.<br > -<br > +having received honorable terms.<br> +<br> After hearing General Sherman's account of his own position, and that of Johnston, at that time, the President expressed fears that the rebel general would escape south again by the railroads, and @@ -31958,36 +31965,36 @@ again for a long time." General Grant remarked, "What is to prevent their laying the rails again?" "Why," said General Sherman, "my bummers don't do things by halves. Every rail, after having been placed over a hot fire, has been twisted as crooked as a -ram's-horn, and they never can be used again."<br > -<br > +ram's-horn, and they never can be used again."<br> +<br> This was the only remark made by General Grant during the interview, as he sat smoking a short distance from the President, intent, no doubt, on his own plans, which were being brought to a -successful termination.<br > -<br > +successful termination.<br> +<br> The conversation between the President and General Sherman, about the terms of surrender to be allowed Jos. Johnston, continued. Sherman energetically insisted that he could command his own terms, and that Johnston would have to yield to his demands; but the President was very decided about the matter, and insisted that the -surrender of Johnston's army most be obtained on any terms.<br > -<br > +surrender of Johnston's army most be obtained on any terms.<br> +<br> General Grant was evidently of the same way of thinking, for, although he did not join in the conversation to any extent, yet he made no objections, and I presume had made up his mind to allow the -best terms himself.<br > -<br > +best terms himself.<br> +<br> He was also anxious that Johnston should not be driven into Richmond, to reenforce the rebels there, who, from behind their strong intrenchments, would have given us incalculable -trouble.<br > -<br > +trouble.<br> +<br> Sherman, as a subordinate officer, yielded his views to those of the President, and the terms of capitulation between himself and Johnston were exactly in accordance with Mr. Lincoln's wishes. He could not have done any thing which would have pleased the -President better.<br > -<br > +President better.<br> +<br> Mr. Lincoln did, in fact, arrange the (so considered) liberal terms offered General Jos. Johnston, and, whatever may have been General Sherman's private views, I feel sure that he yielded to the wishes @@ -31997,12 +32004,12 @@ but too glad to have acknowledged it. Had Mr. Lincoln lived, Secretary Stanton would have issued no false telegraphic dispatches, in the hope of killing off another general in the regular army, one who by his success had placed himself in the way -of his own succession.<br > -<br > +of his own succession.<br> +<br> The disbanding of Jos. Johnston's army was so complete, that the pens and ink used in the discussion of the matter were all -wasted.<br > -<br > +wasted.<br> +<br> It was asserted, by the rabid ones, that General Sherman had given up all that we had been fighting for, had conceded every thing to Jos. Johnston, and had, as the boys say, "knocked the fat into the @@ -32016,20 +32023,20 @@ to live, and the very course Grant, Sherman, and others pursued, in granting liberal terms to the defeated rebels, will be applauded. The fact is, they met an old beggar in the road, whose crutches had broken from under him: they let him have only the broken crutches -to get home with!<br > -<br > +to get home with!<br> +<br> I sent General Sherman back to Newbern, North Carolina, in the -steamer Bat.<br > -<br > +steamer Bat.<br> +<br> While he was absent from his command he was losing no time, for he was getting his army fully equipped with stores and clothing; and, when he returned, he had a rested and regenerated army, ready to -swallow up Jos. Johnston and all his ragamuffins.<br > -<br > +swallow up Jos. Johnston and all his ragamuffins.<br> +<br> Johnston was cornered, could not move without leaving every thing behind him, and could not go to Richmond without bringing on a -famine in that destitute city.<br > -<br > +famine in that destitute city.<br> +<br> I was with Mr. Lincoln all the time he was at City Point, and until he left for Washington. He was more than delighted with the surrender of Lee, and with the terms Grant gave the rebel general; @@ -32037,26 +32044,26 @@ and would have given Jos. Johnston twice as much, had the latter asked for it, and could he have been certain that the rebel world have surrendered without a fight. I again repeat that, had Mr. Lincoln lived, he would have shouldered all the -responsibility.<br > -<br > +responsibility.<br> +<br> One thing is certain: had Jos. Johnston escaped and got into Richmond, and caused a larger list of killed and wounded than we had, General Sherman would have been blamed. Then why not give him the full credit of capturing on the best terms the enemy's last important army and its best general, and putting an end to the -rebellion.<br > -<br > +rebellion.<br> +<br> It was a finale worthy of Sherman's great march through the swamps and deserts of the South, a march not excelled by any thing we read -of in modern military history.<br > -<br > -D. D. PORTER, Vice-Admiral.<br > -<br > +of in modern military history.<br> +<br> +D. D. PORTER, Vice-Admiral.<br> +<br> (Written by the admiral in 1866, at the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., and mailed to General Sherman at St. Louis, Mo.)</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>As soon as possible, I arranged with General Grant for certain changes in the organization of my army; and the general also undertook to send to North Carolina some tug-boat and barges to @@ -32178,38 +32185,38 @@ twenty-five and thirty cars to a train, instead of only ten, as was the case in Tennessee and Upper Georgia.</p> <p>By the 5th of April such progress had been made, that I issued the following Special Field Orders, No. 48, prescribing the time -and manner of the next march<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Field Orders, No. 48.]<br > -<br > +and manner of the next march<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Field Orders, No. 48.]<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, -GOLDSBORO', NORTH CAROLINA, April 5, 1865.<br > -<br > +GOLDSBORO', NORTH CAROLINA, April 5, 1865.<br> +<br> Confidential to Army Commanders, Corps Commanders, and Chiefs of -Staff Departments:<br > -<br > +Staff Departments:<br> +<br> The next grand objective is to place this army (with its full equipment) north of Roanoke River, facing west, with a base for supplies at Norfolk, and at Winton or Murfreesboro' on the Chowan, and in full communication with the Army of the Potomac, about Petersburg; and also to do the enemy as much harm as possible en -route:<br > -<br > +route:<br> +<br> 1. To accomplish this result the following general plan will be followed, or modified only by written orders from these -headquarters, should events require a change:<br > -<br > +headquarters, should events require a change:<br> +<br> (1.) On Monday, the 10th of April, all preparations are presumed to be complete, and the outlying detachments will be called in, or given directions to meet on the next march. All preparations will also be complete to place the railroad-stock back of Kinston on the -one road, and below the Northeast Branch on the other.<br > -<br > +one road, and below the Northeast Branch on the other.<br> +<br> (2.) On Tuesday, the 11th, the columns will draw out on their lines -of march, say, about seven miles, and close up.<br > -<br > +of march, say, about seven miles, and close up.<br> +<br> (3.) On Wednesday the march will begin in earnest, and will be kept up at the rate, say, of about twelve miles a day, or according to the amount of resistance. All the columns will dress to the left @@ -32219,34 +32226,34 @@ wheel, the wagons to be escorted to some place of security on the direct route of march. Foraging and other details may continue as heretofore, only more caution and prudence should be observed; and foragers should not go in advance of the advance-guard, but look -more to our right rear for corn, bacon, and meal.<br > -<br > +more to our right rear for corn, bacon, and meal.<br> +<br> 2. The left wing (Major-General Slocum commanding) will aim straight for the railroad-bridge near Smithfield; thence along up the Neuse River to the railroad-bridge over Neuse River, northeast of Raleigh (Powell's); thence to Warrenton, the general point of -concentration.<br > -<br > +concentration.<br> +<br> The centre (Major-General Schofield commanding) will move to Whitley's Mill, ready to support the left until it is past Smithfield, when it will follow up (substantially) Little River to about Rolesville, ready at all times to move to the support of the -left; after passing Tar River, to move to Warrenton.<br > -<br > +left; after passing Tar River, to move to Warrenton.<br> +<br> The right wing (Major-General Howard commanding), preceded by the cavalry, will move rapidly on Pikeville and Nahunta, then swing across to Bulah to Folk's Bridge, ready to make junction with the other armies in case the enemy offers battle this side of Neuse River, about Smithfield; thence, in case of no serious opposition on the left, will work up toward Earpsboro', Andrews, B--—, -and Warrenton.<br > -<br > +and Warrenton.<br> +<br> The cavalry (General Kilpatrick commanding), leaving its encumbrances with the right wing, will push as though straight for Weldon, until the enemy is across Tar River, and that bridge burned; then it will deflect toward Nashville and Warrenton, -keeping up communication with general headquarters.<br > -<br > +keeping up communication with general headquarters.<br> +<br> 3. As soon as the army starts, the chief-quartermaster and commissary will prepare a resupply of stores at some point on Pamlico or Albemarle Sounds, ready to be conveyed to Kinston or @@ -32261,21 +32268,21 @@ arrives for that move. The navy has instructions from Admiral Porter to cooperate, and any commanding officer is authorized to call on the navy for assistance and cooperation, always in writing, setting forth the reasons, of which necessarily the naval commander -must be the judge.<br > -<br > +must be the judge.<br> +<br> 4. The general-in-chief will be with the centre habitually, but may in person shift to either flank where his presence may be needed, leaving a staff-officer to receive reports. He requires, absolutely, a report of each army or grand detachment each night, whether any thing material has occurred or not, for often the absence of an enemy is a very important fact in military -prognostication.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br > -<br > +prognostication.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br> +<br> L. M. DAYTON, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>But the whole problem became suddenly changed by the news of the fall of Richmond and Petersburg, which reached as at Goldsboro', on the 6th of April. The Confederate Government, with Lee's army, had @@ -32291,15 +32298,15 @@ Wade Hampton's cavalry was on his left front and Wheeler's on his right front, simply watching us and awaiting our initiative. Meantime the details of the great victories in Virginia came thick and fast, and on the 8th I received from General Grant this -communication, in the form of a cipher-dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -WILSON'S STATION, April 5, 1865<br > -<br > -Major-General SHERMAN, Goldsboro', North Carolina:<br > -<br > +communication, in the form of a cipher-dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +WILSON'S STATION, April 5, 1865<br> +<br> +Major-General SHERMAN, Goldsboro', North Carolina:<br> +<br> All indications now are that Lee will attempt to reach Danville with the remnant of his force. Sheridan, who was up with him last night, reports all that is left with him--horse, foot, and @@ -32311,10 +32318,10 @@ if we cannot finish the job with Lee's and Johnston's armies. Whether it will be better for you to strike for Greensboro' or nearer to Danville, you will be better able to judge when you receive this. Rebel armies now are the only strategic points to -strike at.<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br ></blockquote> +strike at.<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br></blockquote> <p>I answered immediately that we would move on the 10th, prepared to follow Johnston wherever he might go. Promptly on Monday morning, April 10th, the army moved straight on Smithfield; the @@ -32328,28 +32335,28 @@ by Johnston's army, which had retreated hastily on Raleigh, burning the bridges. To restore these consumed the remainder of the day, and during that night I received a message from General Grant, at Appomattox, that General Lee had surrendered to him his whole army, -which I at once announced to the troops in orders:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote>[Special Field Orders, No. 54]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, SMITHFIELD, NORTH CAROLINA, April 12, 1865.<br > -<br > +which I at once announced to the troops in orders:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote>[Special Field Orders, No. 54]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, SMITHFIELD, NORTH CAROLINA, April 12, 1865.<br> +<br> The general commanding announces to the army that he has official notice from General Grant that General Lee surrendered to him his entire army, on the 9th inst., at Appomattox Court-House, -Virginia.<br > -<br > +Virginia.<br> +<br> Glory to God and our country, and all honor to our comrades in -arms, toward whom we are marching!<br > -<br > +arms, toward whom we are marching!<br> +<br> A little more labor, a little more toil on our part, the great race is won, and our Government stands regenerated, after four long -years of war.<br > -<br > +years of war.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Of course, this created a perfect furore, of rejoicing, and we all regarded the war as over, for I knew well that General Johnston had no army with which to oppose mine. So that the only questions @@ -32400,42 +32407,42 @@ superb cavalry corps. I needed more cavalry to check Johnston's retreat, so that I could come up to him with my infantry, and therefore had good reason to delay. I ordered the railroad to be finished up to Raleigh, so that I could operate from it as a base, -and then made:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Field Orders, No. 55]<br > -<br > +and then made:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Field Orders, No. 55]<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE -FIELD,<br > -RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 14, 1865.<br > -<br > +FIELD,<br> +RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 14, 1865.<br> +<br> The next movement will be on Ashboro', to turn the position of the enemy at the "Company's Shops" in rear of Haw River Bridge, and at Greensboro', and to cut off his only available line of retreat by -Salisbury and Charlotte:<br > -<br > +Salisbury and Charlotte:<br> +<br> 1. General Kilpatrick will keep up a show of pursuit in the direction of Hillsboro' and Graham, but be ready to cross Haw River on General Howard's bridge, near Pittsboro', and thence will operate toward Greensboro', on the right front of the right -wing.<br > -<br > +wing.<br> +<br> 2. The right wing, Major-General Howard commanding, will move out on the Chapel Hill road, and send a light division up in the direction of Chapel Hill University to act in connection with the cavalry; but the main columns and trains will move via Hackney's Cross-Roads, and Trader's Hill, Pittsboro', St. Lawrence, etc., to be followed by the cavalry and light division, as soon as the -bridge is laid over Haw River.<br > -<br > +bridge is laid over Haw River.<br> +<br> 8. The centre, Major-General Schofield commanding, will move via -Holly Springs, New Hill, Haywood, and Moffitt's Mills.<br > -<br > +Holly Springs, New Hill, Haywood, and Moffitt's Mills.<br> +<br> 4. The left wing, Major-General Slocum commanding, will move rapidly by the Aven's Ferry road, Carthage, Caledonia, and Cox's -Mills.<br > -<br > +Mills.<br> +<br> 5. All the troops will draw well out on the roads designated during today and to-morrow, and on the following day will move with all possible rapidity for Ashboro'. No further destruction of @@ -32444,13 +32451,13 @@ specific orders of an army commander, and the inhabitants will be dealt with kindly, looking to an early reconciliation. The troops will be permitted, however, to gather forage and provisions as heretofore; only more care should be taken not to strip the poorer -classes too closely.<br > -<br > -By order of General W. T. Sherman,<br > -<br > +classes too closely.<br> +<br> +By order of General W. T. Sherman,<br> +<br> L. M. DAYTON, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Thus matters stood, when on the morning of the 14th General Kilpatrick reported from Durham's Station, twenty-six miles up the railroad toward Hillsboro', that a flag of truce had come in from @@ -32458,10 +32465,10 @@ the enemy with a package from General Johnston addressed to me. Taking it for granted that this was preliminary to a surrender, I ordered the message to be sent me at Raleigh, and on the 14th received from General Johnston a letter dated April 13, 1865, in -these words:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +these words:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> The results of the recent campaign in Virginia have changed the relative military condition of the belligerents. I am, therefore, induced to address you in this form the inquiry whether, to stop @@ -32472,17 +32479,17 @@ the United States, the request that he will take like action in regard to other armies, the object being to permit the civil authorities to enter into the needful arrangements to terminate the existing war.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>To which I replied as follows:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 14, 1865.<br > -<br > -General J. E. JOHNSTON, commanding Confederate Army.<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>To which I replied as follows:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 14, 1865.<br> +<br> +General J. E. JOHNSTON, commanding Confederate Army.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have this moment received your communication of this date. I am fully empowered to arrange with you any terms for the suspension of farther hostilities between the armies commanded by @@ -32490,8 +32497,8 @@ you and those commanded by myself, and will be willing to confer with you to that end. I will limit the advance of my main column, to-morrow, to Morrisville, and the cavalry to the university, and expect that you will also maintain the present position of your -forces until each has notice of a failure to agree.<br > -<br > +forces until each has notice of a failure to agree.<br> +<br> That a basis of action may be had, I undertake to abide by the same terms and conditions as were made by Generals Grant and Lee at Appomattox Court-House, on the 9th instant, relative to our two @@ -32501,13 +32508,13 @@ General Stoneman is under my command, and my order will suspend any devastation or destruction contemplated by him. I will add that I really desire to save the people of North Carolina the damage they would sustain by the march of this army through the central or -western parts of the State.<br > -<br > -I am, with respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +western parts of the State.<br> +<br> +I am, with respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I sent my aide-de-camp, Colonel McCoy, up to Durham's Station with this letter, with instructions to receive the answer, to telegraph its contents back to me at Raleigh, and to arrange for an @@ -32537,7 +32544,7 @@ volunteered to say that he hoped I would succeed in obtaining his surrender, as the whole army dreaded the long march to Charlotte (one hundred and seventy-five miles), already begun, but which had been interrupted by the receipt of General Johnston's letter of the -13th. We reached Durham's, twenty-six miles, about 10 a.m., where +13th. We reached Durham's, twenty-six miles, about 10 A.M., where General Kilpatrick had a squadron of cavalry drawn up to receive me. We passed into the house in which he had his headquarters, and soon after mounted some led horses, which he had prepared for @@ -32628,15 +32635,15 @@ his sad fate than were then in and about Raleigh. I watched the effect closely, and was gratified that there was no single act of retaliation; though I saw and felt that one single word by me would have laid the city in ashes, and turned its whole population -houseless upon the country, if not worse:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Special Field Orders, No. 56.]<br > -<br > +houseless upon the country, if not worse:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Special Field Orders, No. 56.]<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, -RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 17, 1865.<br > -<br > +RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 17, 1865.<br> +<br> The general commanding announces, with pain and sorrow, that on the evening of the 14th instant, at the theatre in Washington city, his Excellency the President of the United States, Mr. Lincoln, was @@ -32647,23 +32654,23 @@ house, but still survives, and his son was wounded, supposed fatally. It is believed, by persons capable of judging, that other high officers were designed to share the same fate. Thus it seems that our enemy, despairing of meeting us in open, manly warfare, -begins to resort to the assassin's tools.<br > -<br > +begins to resort to the assassin's tools.<br> +<br> Your general does not wish you to infer that this is universal, for he knows that the great mass of the Confederate army world scorn to sanction each acts, but he believes it the legitimate consequence -of rebellion against rightful authority.<br > -<br > +of rebellion against rightful authority.<br> +<br> We have met every phase which this war has assumed, and must now be prepared for it in its last and worst shape, that of assassins and guerrillas; but woe onto the people who seek to expend their wild -passions in such a manner, for there is but one dread result!<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br > -<br > +passions in such a manner, for there is but one dread result!<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br> +<br> L. M. DAYTON, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>During the evening of the 17th and morning of the 18th I saw nearly all the general officers of the army (Schofield, Slocum, Howard, Logan, Blair), and we talked over the matter of the @@ -32770,62 +32777,62 @@ approved, modified, or disapproved in toto; only I wanted instructions. Many of my general officers, among whom, I am almost positive, were Generals Logan and Blair, urged me to accept the "terms," without reference at all to Washington, but I preferred -the latter course:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +the latter course:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE -FIELD,<br > -RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 18, 1886.<br > -<br > -General H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +FIELD,<br> +RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 18, 1886.<br> +<br> +General H. W. HALLECK, Chief of Staff, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I received your dispatch describing the man Clark, detailed to assassinate me. He had better be in a hurry, or he will -be too late.<br > -<br > +be too late.<br> +<br> The news of Mr. Lincoln's death produced a most intense effect on our troops. At first I feared it would lead to excesses; but now it has softened down, and can easily be guided. None evinced more feeling than General Johnston, who admitted that the act was calculated to stain his cause with a dark hue; and he contended that the loss was most serious to the South, who had begun to -realize that Mr. Lincoln was the best friend they had.<br > -<br > +realize that Mr. Lincoln was the best friend they had.<br> +<br> I cannot believe that even Mr. Davis was privy to the diabolical plot, but think it the emanation of a set of young men of the South, who are very devils. I want to throw upon the South the care of this class of men, who will soon be as obnoxious to their -industrial classes as to us.<br > -<br > +industrial classes as to us.<br> +<br> Had I pushed Johnston's army to an extremity, it would have dispersed, and done infinite mischief. Johnston informed me that General Stoneman had been at Salisbury, and was now at Statesville. -I have sent him orders to come to me.<br > -<br > +I have sent him orders to come to me.<br> +<br> General Johnston also informed me that General Wilson was at Columbia, Georgia, and he wanted me to arrest his progress. I leave -that to you.<br > -<br > +that to you.<br> +<br> Indeed, if the President sanctions my agreement with Johnston, our -interest is to cease all destruction.<br > -<br > +interest is to cease all destruction.<br> +<br> Please give all orders necessary according to the views the Executive may take, and influence him, if possible, not to vary the terms at all, for I have considered every thing, and believe that, the Confederate armies once dispersed, we can adjust all else -fairly and well. I am, yours, etc.,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 18, 1865.<br > -<br > +fairly and well. I am, yours, etc.,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 18, 1865.<br> +<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, or Major-General HALLECK, -Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I inclose herewith a copy of an agreement made this day between General Joseph E. Johnston and myself, which, if approved by the President of the United States, will produce peace from the @@ -32834,8 +32841,8 @@ conference, in the capacity of major-general, and satisfied me of the ability of General Johnston to carry out to their full extent the terms of this agreement; and if you will get the President to simply indorse the copy, and commission me to carry out the terms, -I will follow them to the conclusion.<br > -<br > +I will follow them to the conclusion.<br> +<br> You will observe that it is an absolute submission of the enemy to the lawful authority of the United States, and disperses his armies absolutely; and the point to which I attach most importance is, @@ -32844,8 +32851,8 @@ a manner as to prevent their breaking up into guerrilla bands. On the other hand, we can retain just as much of an army as we please. I agreed to the mode and manner of the surrender of arms set forth, as it gives the States the means of repressing guerrillas, which we -could not expect them to do if we stripped them of all arms.<br > -<br > +could not expect them to do if we stripped them of all arms.<br> +<br> Both Generals Johnston and Breckenridge admitted that slavery was dead, and I could not insist on embracing it in such a paper, because it can be made with the States in detail. I know that all @@ -32857,33 +32864,33 @@ is approved, I can spare five corps, and will ask for orders to leave General Schofield here with the Tenth Corps, and to march myself with the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-third Corps via Burkesville and Gordonsville to Frederick or -Hagerstown, Maryland, there to be paid and mustered out.<br > -<br > +Hagerstown, Maryland, there to be paid and mustered out.<br> +<br> The question of finance is now the chief one, and every soldier and officer not needed should be got home at work. I would like to be -able to begin the march north by May 1st.<br > -<br > +able to begin the march north by May 1st.<br> +<br> I urge, on the part of the President, speedy action, as it is important to get the Confederate armies to their homes as well as -our own.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +our own.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> Memorandum, or Basis of agreement, made this 18th day of April, A. D. 1865, near Durham's Station, in the State of North Carolina, by and between General Joseph E. JOHNSTON, commanding the Confederate Army, and Major-General William T. SHERMAN, commanding the army of -the United States in North Carolina, both present:<br > -<br > +the United States in North Carolina, both present:<br> +<br> 1. The contending armies now in the field to maintain the statu quo until notice is given by the commanding general of any one to its opponent, and reasonable time--say, forty-eight -hours--allowed.<br > -<br > +hours--allowed.<br> +<br> 2. The Confederate armies now in existence to be disbanded and conducted to their several State capitals, there to deposit their arms and public property in the State Arsenal; and each officer and @@ -32893,49 +32900,49 @@ of arms and munitions of war to be reported to the Chief of Ordnance at Washington City, subject to the future action of the Congress of the United States, and, in the mean time, to be needed solely to maintain peace and order within the borders of the States -respectively.<br > -<br > +respectively.<br> +<br> 3. The recognition, by the Executive of the United States, of the several State governments, on their officers and Legislatures taking the oaths prescribed by the Constitution of the United States, and, where conflicting State governments have resulted from the war, the legitimacy of all shall be submitted to the Supreme -Court of the United States.<br > -<br > +Court of the United States.<br> +<br> 4. The reestablishment of all the Federal Courts in the several States, with powers as defined by the Constitution of the United -States and of the States respectively.<br > -<br > +States and of the States respectively.<br> +<br> 5. The people and inhabitants of all the States to be guaranteed, so far as the Executive can, their political rights and franchises, as well as their rights of person sad property, as defined by the Constitution of the United States and of the States -respectively.<br > -<br > +respectively.<br> +<br> 6. The Executive authority of the Government of the United States not to disturb any of the people by reason of the late war, so long as they live in peace and quiet, abstain from acts of armed hostility, and obey the laws in existence at the place of their -residence.<br > -<br > +residence.<br> +<br> 7. In general terms--the war to cease; a general amnesty, so far as the Executive of the United States can command, on condition of the disbandment of the Confederate armies, the distribution of the arms, and the resumption of peaceful pursuits by the officers and -men hitherto composing said armies.<br > -<br > +men hitherto composing said armies.<br> +<br> Not being fully empowered by our respective principals to fulfill these terms, we individually and officially pledge ourselves to promptly obtain the necessary authority, and to carry out the above -programme.<br > -<br > +programme.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General, Commanding Army of the United States -in North Carolina.<br > -<br > -J. E. JOHNSTON, General,<br > +in North Carolina.<br> +<br> +J. E. JOHNSTON, General,<br> Commanding Confederate States Army in North Carolina.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Major Hitchcock got off on the morning of the 20th, and I reckoned that it would take him four or five days to go to Washington and back. During that time the repairs on all the @@ -32958,7 +32965,7 @@ Grant's orders, and thence by sea to North Carolina. Nothing of interest happened at Raleigh till the evening of April 23d, when Major Hitchcock reported by telegraph his return to Morehead City, and that he would come up by rail during the night. He arrived at 6 -a.m., April 24th, accompanied by General Grant and one or two +A.M., April 24th, accompanied by General Grant and one or two officers of his staff, who had not telegraphed the fact of their being on the train, for prudential reasons. Of course, I was both surprised and pleased to see the general, soon learned that my @@ -32967,36 +32974,36 @@ give the forty-eight hours' notice required by the terms of the truce, and afterward to proceed to attack or follow him. I immediately telegraphed to General Kilpatrick, at Durham's, to have a mounted courier ready to carry the following message, then on its -way up by rail, to the rebel lines:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +way up by rail, to the rebel lines:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, -RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 24, 1865 6 A.M.<br > -<br > -General JOHNSTON, commanding Confederate Army, Greensboro':<br > -<br > +RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 24, 1865 6 A.M.<br> +<br> +General JOHNSTON, commanding Confederate Army, Greensboro':<br> +<br> You will take notice that the truce or suspension of hostilities agreed to between us will cease in forty-eight hours after this is received at your lines, under the first of the articles of -agreement.<br > -<br > +agreement.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>At the same time I wrote another short note to General Johnston, -of the same date:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +of the same date:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> I have replies from Washington to my communications of April 18th. I am instructed to limit my operations to your immediate command, and not to attempt civil negotiations. I therefore demand the surrender of your army on the same terms as were given to General Lee at Appomattox, April 9th instant, purely and simply.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Of course, both these papers were shown to General Grant at the time, before they were sent, and he approved of them.</p> <p>At the same time orders were sent to all parts of the army to be @@ -33020,80 +33027,80 @@ Raleigh, before I had received any answer from General Johnston to the demand for the surrender of his own army, as well as my answer to Mr. Stanton's letter, of the same date, both written on the supposition that I might have to start suddenly in pursuit of -Johnston, and have no other chance to explain.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON CITY, April 21, 1865.<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General GRANT.<br > -<br > +Johnston, and have no other chance to explain.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON CITY, April 21, 1865.<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General GRANT.<br> +<br> GENERAL: The memorandum or basis agreed upon between General Sherman and General Johnston having been submitted to the President, they are disapproved. You will give notice of the disapproval to General Sherman, and direct him to resume -hostilities at the earliest moment.<br > -<br > +hostilities at the earliest moment.<br> +<br> The instructions given to you by the late President, Abraham Lincoln, on the 3d of March, by my telegraph of that date, addressed to you, express substantially the views of President Andrew Johnson, and will be observed by General Sherman. A copy is -herewith appended.<br > -<br > +herewith appended.<br> +<br> The President desires that you proceed immediately to the headquarters of Major-General Sherman, and direct operations -against the enemy.<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > +against the enemy.<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>The following telegram was received 2 p.m., City Point, March 4, -1865 (from Washington, 12 M., March 3, 1865)<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[CIPHER]<br > -<br > -OFFICE UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH,<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General GRANT:<br > -<br > +1865 (from Washington, 12 M., March 3, 1865)<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[CIPHER]<br> +<br> +OFFICE UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH,<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General GRANT:<br> +<br> The President directs me to say to you that he wishes you to have no conference with General Lee, unless it be for the capitulation -of Lee's army or on solely minor and purely military matters.<br > -<br > +of Lee's army or on solely minor and purely military matters.<br> +<br> He instructs me to say that you are not to decide, discuss, or confer upon any political question; such questions the President holds in his own hands, and will submit them to no military -conferences or conventions.<br > -<br > +conferences or conventions.<br> +<br> Meantime you are to press to the utmost your military -advantages.<br > -<br > -EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br > -WASHINGTON, D.C. April 21, 1865.<br > -<br > +advantages.<br> +<br> +EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES<br> +WASHINGTON, D.C. April 21, 1865.<br> +<br> Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the -Mississippi.<br > -<br > +Mississippi.<br> +<br> GENERAL: The basis of agreement entered into between yourself and General J. E. Johnston, for the disbandment of the Southern army, and the extension of the authority of the General Government over all the territory belonging to it, sent for the approval of the -President, is received.<br > -<br > +President, is received.<br> +<br> I read it carefully myself before submitting it to the President and Secretary of War, and felt satisfied that it could not possibly be approved. My reason for these views I will give you at another -time, in a more extended letter.<br > -<br > +time, in a more extended letter.<br> +<br> Your agreement touches upon questions of such vital importance that, as soon as read, I addressed a note to the Secretary of War, notifying him of their receipt, and the importance of immediate @@ -33108,39 +33115,39 @@ you the inclosed copy of a dispatch (penned by the late President, though signed by the Secretary of War) in answer to me, on sending a letter received from General Lee, proposing to meet me for the purpose of submitting the question of peace to a convention of -officers.<br > -<br > +officers.<br> +<br> Please notify General Johnston, immediately on receipt of this, of the termination of the truce, and resume hostilities against his -army at the earliest moment you can, acting in good faith.<br > -<br > -Very respectfully your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 25, 1865.<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, present.<br > -<br > +army at the earliest moment you can, acting in good faith.<br> +<br> +Very respectfully your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 25, 1865.<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, present.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I had the honor to receive your letter of April 21st, with inclosures, yesterday, and was well pleased that you came along, as you must have observed that I held the military control so as to -adapt it to any phase the case might assume.<br > -<br > +adapt it to any phase the case might assume.<br> +<br> It is but just I should record the fact that I made my terms with General Johnston under the influence of the liberal terms you extended to the army of General Lee at Appomattox Court-House on the 9th, and the seeming policy of our Government, as evinced by the call of the Virginia Legislature and Governor back to Richmond, -under yours and President Lincoln's very eyes.<br > -<br > +under yours and President Lincoln's very eyes.<br> +<br> It now appears this last act was done without any consultation with you or any knowledge of Mr. Lincoln, but rather in opposition to a -previous policy well considered.<br > -<br > +previous policy well considered.<br> +<br> I have not the least desire to interfere in the civil policy of our Government, but would shun it as something not to my liking; but occasions do arise when a prompt seizure of results is forced on @@ -33149,62 +33156,62 @@ authority. It is probable that the terms signed by General Johnston and myself were not clear enough on the point, well understood between us, that our negotiations did not apply to any parties outside the officers and men of the Confederate armies, which could -easily have been remedied.<br > -<br > +easily have been remedied.<br> +<br> No surrender of any army not actually at the mercy of an antagonist was ever made without "terms," and these always define the military status of the surrendered. Thus you stipulated that the officers and men of Lee's army should not be molested at their homes so long -as they obeyed the laws at the place of their residence.<br > -<br > +as they obeyed the laws at the place of their residence.<br> +<br> I do not wish to discuss these points involved in our recognition of the State governments in actual existence, but will merely state -my conclusions, to await the solution of the future.<br > -<br > +my conclusions, to await the solution of the future.<br> +<br> Such action on our part in no manner recognizes for a moment the so-called Confederate Government, or makes us liable for its debts -or acts.<br > -<br > +or acts.<br> +<br> The laws and acts done by the several States during the period of rebellion are void, because done without the oath prescribed by our Constitution of the United States, which is a "condition -precedent."<br > -<br > +precedent."<br> +<br> We have a right to, use any sort of machinery to produce military results; and it is the commonest thing for military commanders to use the civil governments in actual existence as a means to an end. I do believe we could and can use the present State governments lawfully, constitutionally, and as the very best possible means to produce the object desired, viz., entire and complete submission to -the lawful authority of the United States.<br > -<br > +the lawful authority of the United States.<br> +<br> As to punishment for past crimes, that is for the judiciary, and can in no manner of way be disturbed by our acts; and, so far as I can, I will use my influence that rebels shall suffer all the personal punishment prescribed by law, as also the civil -liabilities arising from their past acts.<br > -<br > +liabilities arising from their past acts.<br> +<br> What we now want is the new form of law by which common men may regain the positions of industry, so long disturbed by the -war.<br > -<br > +war.<br> +<br> I now apprehend that the rebel armies will disperse; and, instead of dealing with six or seven States, we will have to deal with numberless bands of desperadoes, headed by such men as Mosby, Forrest, Red Jackson, and others, who know not and care not for -danger and its consequences.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 25, 1865.<br > -<br > -Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington.<br > -<br > +danger and its consequences.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 25, 1865.<br> +<br> +Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington.<br> +<br> DEAR SIR: I have been furnished a copy of your letter of April 21st to General Grant, signifying your disapproval of the terms on which General Johnston proposed to disarm and disperse the insurgents, on @@ -33213,24 +33220,24 @@ military convention any civil matters; but, unfortunately, such is the nature of our situation that they seem inextricably united, and I understood from you at Savannah that the financial state of the country demanded military success, and would warrant a little -bending to policy.<br > -<br > +bending to policy.<br> +<br> When I had my conference with General Johnston I had the public examples before me of General Grant's terms to Lee's army, and General Weitzel's invitation to the Virginia Legislature to -assemble at Richmond.<br > -<br > +assemble at Richmond.<br> +<br> I still believe the General Government of the United States has made a mistake; but that is none of my business--mine is a different task; and I had flattered myself that, by four years of patient, unremitting, and successful labor, I deserved no reminder such as is contained in the last paragraph of your letter to General Grant. You may assure the President that I heed his -suggestion. I am truly, etc.,<br > -<br > +suggestion. I am truly, etc.,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the same day, but later, I received an answer from General Johnston, agreeing to meet me again at Bennett's house the next day, April 26th, at noon. He did not even know that General Grant @@ -33240,48 +33247,48 @@ surrender on the same terms as his with General Lee; and on the 26th I again went up to Durham's Station by rail, and rode out to Bennett's house, where we again met, and General Johnston, without hesitation, agreed to, and we executed, the following final -terms:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +terms:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> Terms of a Military Convention, entered into this 26th day of April, 1865, at Bennett's House, near Durham's Station., North Carolina, between General JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON, commanding the Confederate Army, and Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding the -United States Army in North Carolina:<br > -<br > +United States Army in North Carolina:<br> +<br> 1. All acts of war on the part of the troops under General -Johnston's command to cease from this date.<br > -<br > +Johnston's command to cease from this date.<br> +<br> 2. All arms and public property to be deposited at Greensboro', and -delivered to an ordnance-officer of the United States Army.<br > -<br > +delivered to an ordnance-officer of the United States Army.<br> +<br> 3. Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate; one copy to be retained by the commander of the troops, and the other to be given to an officer to be designated by General Sherman. Each officer and man to give his individual obligation in writing not to take up arms against the Government of the United States, until -properly released from this obligation.<br > -<br > +properly released from this obligation.<br> +<br> 4. The side-arms of officers, and their private horses and baggage, -to be retained by them.<br > -<br > +to be retained by them.<br> +<br> 5. This being done, all the officers and men will be permitted to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by the United States authorities, so long as they observe their obligation and the laws -in force where they may reside.<br > -<br > +in force where they may reside.<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General, Commanding United States Forces in -North Carolina.<br > -<br > +North Carolina.<br> +<br> J. E. JOHNSTON, General, Commanding Confederate States Forces in -North Carolina.<br > -<br > -Approved:<br > -<br > +North Carolina.<br> +<br> +Approved:<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I returned to Raleigh the same evening, and, at my request, General Grant wrote on these terms his approval, and then I thought the matter was surely at an end. He took the original copy, on the @@ -33298,21 +33305,21 @@ and information. I deemed it of the utmost importance to establish for him a more reliable base of information and supply, and accordingly resolved to go in person to Savannah for that purpose. But, before starting, I received a New York Times, of April 24th, -containing the following extraordinary communications:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[First Bulletin]<br > -<br > -WAR DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, April 22, 1885.<br > -<br > +containing the following extraordinary communications:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[First Bulletin]<br> +<br> +WAR DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, April 22, 1885.<br> +<br> Yesterday evening a bearer of dispatches arrived from General Sherman. An agreement for a suspension of hostilities, and a memorandum of what is called a basis for peace, had been entered into on the 18th inst. by General Sherman, with the rebel General Johnston. Brigadier-General Breckenridge was present at the -conference.<br > -<br > +conference.<br> +<br> A cabinet meeting was held at eight o'clock in the evening, at which the action of General Sherman was disapproved by the President, by the Secretary of War, by General Grant, and by every @@ -33321,8 +33328,8 @@ hostilities immediately, and was directed that the instructions given by the late President, in the following telegram, which was penned by Mr. Lincoln himself, at the Capitol, on the night of the 3d of March, were approved by President Andrew Johnson, and were -reiterated to govern the action of military commanders.<br > -<br > +reiterated to govern the action of military commanders.<br> +<br> On the night of the 3d of March, while President Lincoln and his cabinet were at the Capitol, a telegram from General Grant was brought to the Secretary of War, informing him that General Lee had @@ -33333,35 +33340,35 @@ submitted to Mr. Lincoln, who, after pondering a few minutes, took up his pen and wrote with his own hand the following reply, which he submitted to the Secretary of State and Secretary of War. It was then dated, addressed, and signed, by the Secretary of War, and -telegraphed to General Grant:<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, March 3, 1865-12 P.M.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General GRANT:<br > -<br > +telegraphed to General Grant:<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, March 3, 1865-12 P.M.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General GRANT:<br> +<br> The President directs me to say to you that he wishes you to have no conference with General Lee, unless it be for the capitulation of General Lee's army, or on some minor or purely military matter. He instructs me to say that you are not to decide, discuss, or confer upon any political questions. Such questions the President holds in his own hands, and will submit them to no military -conferences or conventions.<br > -<br > +conferences or conventions.<br> +<br> Meantime you are to press to the utmost your military -advantages.<br > -<br > -EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +advantages.<br> +<br> +EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> The orders of General Sherman to General Stoneman to withdraw from Salisbury and join him will probably open the way for Davis to escape to Mexico or Europe with his plunder, which is reported to be very large, including not only the plunder of the Richmond -banks, but previous accumulations.<br > -<br > +banks, but previous accumulations.<br> +<br> A dispatch received by this department from Richmond says: "It is stated here, by respectable parties, that the amount of specie taken south by Jeff. Davis and his partisans is very large, @@ -33369,14 +33376,14 @@ including not only the plunder of the Richmond banks, but previous accumulations. They hope, it is said, to make terms with General Sherman, or some other commander, by which they will be permitted, with their effects, including this gold plunder, to go to Mexico or -Europe. Johnston's negotiations look to this end."<br > -<br > +Europe. Johnston's negotiations look to this end."<br> +<br> After the cabinet meeting last night, General Grant started for -North Carolina, to direct operations against Johnston's army.<br > -<br > +North Carolina, to direct operations against Johnston's army.<br> +<br> EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Here followed the terms, and Mr. Stanton's ten reasons for rejecting them.</p> <p>The publication of this bulletin by authority was an outrage on @@ -33393,16 +33400,16 @@ Davis to escape. Under the influence of this, I wrote General Grant the following letter of April 28th, which has been published in the Proceedings of the Committee on the Conduct of the War.</p> <p>I regarded this bulletin of Mr. Stanton as a personal and -official insult, which I afterward publicly resented.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br > -IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 28,1865.<br > -<br > +official insult, which I afterward publicly resented.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI<br> +IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, April 28,1865.<br> +<br> Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, General-in-Chief, Washington, D. -C.<br > -<br > +C.<br> +<br> GENERAL: Since you left me yesterday, I have seen the New York Times of the 24th, containing a budget of military news, authenticated by the signature of the Secretary of War, Hon. E. M. @@ -33412,8 +33419,8 @@ between myself and General Johnston, of April 18th, with comments, which it will be time enough to discuss two or three years hence, after the Government has experimented a little more in the machinery by which power reaches the scattered people of the vast -country known as the "South."<br > -<br > +country known as the "South."<br> +<br> In the mean time, however, I did think that my rank (if not past services) entitled me at least to trust that the Secretary of War would keep secret what was communicated for the use of none but the @@ -33428,12 +33435,12 @@ Mr. Lincoln's very presence, and failed to discover any other official hint of a plan of reconstruction, or any ideas calculated to allay the fears of the people of the South, after the destruction of their armies and civil authorities would leave them -without any government whatever.<br > -<br > +without any government whatever.<br> +<br> We should not drive a people into anarchy, and it is simply impossible for our military power to reach all the masses of their -unhappy country.<br > -<br > +unhappy country.<br> +<br> I confess I did not desire to drive General Johnston's army into bands of armed men, going about without purpose, and capable only of infinite mischief. But you saw, on your arrival here, that I had @@ -33445,8 +33452,8 @@ what was proper enough, the disapproval of the President, I acted in such a manner as to compel the surrender of General Johnston's whole army on the same terms which you had prescribed to General Lee's army, when you had it surrounded and in your absolute -power.<br > -<br > +power.<br> +<br> Mr. Stanton, in stating that my orders to General Stoneman were likely to result in the escape of "Mr. Davis to Mexico or Europe," is in deep error. General Stoneman was not at "Salisbury," but had @@ -33457,12 +33464,12 @@ force greatly needed for Davis's capture, and for other purposes. Even now I don't know that Mr. Stanton wants Davis caught, and as my official papers, deemed sacred, are hastily published to the world, it will be imprudent for me to state what has been done in -that regard.<br > -<br > +that regard.<br> +<br> As the editor of the Times has (it may be) logically and fairly drawn from this singular document the conclusion that I am -insubordinate, I can only deny the intention.<br > -<br > +insubordinate, I can only deny the intention.<br> +<br> I have never in my life questioned or disobeyed an order, though many and many a time have I risked my life, health, and reputation, in obeying orders, or even hints to execute plans and purposes, not @@ -33490,8 +33497,8 @@ comfort and security while we watch on the distant lines, are better able to judge than we poor soldiers, who rarely see a newspaper, hardly hear from our families, or stop long enough to draw our pay. I envy not the task of "reconstruction," and am -delighted that the Secretary of War has relieved me of it.<br > -<br > +delighted that the Secretary of War has relieved me of it.<br> +<br> As you did not undertake to assume the management of the affairs of this army, I infer that, on personal inspection, your mind arrived at a different conclusion from that of the Secretary of War. I will @@ -33500,19 +33507,19 @@ done, will with intense satisfaction leave to the civil authorities the execution of the task of which they seem so jealous. But, as an honest man and soldier, I invite them to go back to Nashville and follow my path, for they will see some things and hear some things -that may disturb their philosophy.<br > -<br > -With sincere respect,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br > -<br > +that may disturb their philosophy.<br> +<br> +With sincere respect,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.<br> +<br> P. S.--As Mr. Stanton's most singular paper has been published, I demand that this also be made public, though I am in no manner responsible to the press, but to the law, and my proper -superiors.<br > +superiors.<br> W. T. S., Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 28th I summoned all the army and corps commanders together at my quarters in the Governor's mansion at Raleigh, where every thing was explained to them, and all orders for the future @@ -33590,49 +33597,49 @@ that had to be met at the instant. In order to facilitate the return to their homes of the Confederate officers and men, he had been forced to make with General Johnston the following supplemental terms, which were of course ratified and -approved:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -<br > -MILITARY CONVENTION OF APRIL 26, 1865.<br > -SUPPLEMENTAL TERMS.<br > -<br > +approved:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +<br> +MILITARY CONVENTION OF APRIL 26, 1865.<br> +SUPPLEMENTAL TERMS.<br> +<br> 1. The field transportation to be loaned to the troops for their march to their homes, and for subsequent use in their industrial pursuits. Artillery-horses may be used in field-transportation, if -necessary.<br > -<br > +necessary.<br> +<br> 2. Each brigade or separate body to retain a number of arms equal to one-seventh of its effective strength, which, when the troops reach the capitals of their states, will be disposed of as the -general commanding the department may direct.<br > -<br > +general commanding the department may direct.<br> +<br> 3. Private horses, and other private property of both officers and -men, to be retained by them.<br > -<br > +men, to be retained by them.<br> +<br> 4. The commanding general of the Military Division of West Mississippi, Major-General Canby, will be requested to give transportation by water, from Mobile or New Orleans, to the troops -from Arkansas and Texas.<br > -<br > +from Arkansas and Texas.<br> +<br> 5. The obligations of officers and soldiers to be signed by their -immediate commanders.<br > -<br > +immediate commanders.<br> +<br> 6. Naval forces within the limits of General Johnston's command to -be included in the terms of this convention.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -J. M. SCHOFIELD, Major-General,<br > -Commanding United States Forces in North Carolina.<br > -<br > -<br > -J. E. JOHNSTON, General,<br > +be included in the terms of this convention.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +J. M. SCHOFIELD, Major-General,<br> +Commanding United States Forces in North Carolina.<br> +<br> +<br> +J. E. JOHNSTON, General,<br> Commanding Confederate States Forces in North Carolina.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <table> <tr> @@ -33678,20 +33685,20 @@ Carolina.</blockquote> </table> </div> <p>On the morning of the 5th I also received from General Schofield -this dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, May 5, 1866.<br > -<br > -To Major-General W: T. SHERMAN, Morehead City:<br > -<br > +this dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, May 5, 1866.<br> +<br> +To Major-General W: T. SHERMAN, Morehead City:<br> +<br> When General Grant was here, as you doubtless recollect, he said the lines (for trade and intercourse) had been extended to embrace this and other States south. The order, it seems, has been modified so as to include only Virginia and Tennessee. I think it would be -an act of wisdom to open this State to trade at once.<br > -<br > +an act of wisdom to open this State to trade at once.<br> +<br> I hope the Government will make known its policy as to the organs of State government without delay. Affairs must necessarily be in a very unsettled state until that is done. The people are now in a @@ -33704,11 +33711,11 @@ important for me to know it at once. If another is to be sent here, it cannot be done too soon, for he probably will undo the most that I shall have done. I shall be glad to hear from you fully, when you have time to write. I will send your message to General Wilson at -once.<br > -<br > +once.<br> +<br> J. M. SCHOFIELD, Major-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I was utterly without instructions from any source on the points of General Schofield's inquiry, and under the existing state of facts could not even advise him, for by this time I was in @@ -33721,60 +33728,60 @@ sent on the 21st of April to Richmond, to command the armies of the Potomac and James, in place of General Grant, who had transferred his headquarters to the national capital, and he (General Halleck) was therefore in supreme command in Virginia, while my command over -North Carolina had never been revoked or modified.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[Second Bulletin.]<br > -<br > -WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, April 27 9.30 a.m.<br > -<br > -To Major-General DIX:<br > -<br > +North Carolina had never been revoked or modified.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[Second Bulletin.]<br> +<br> +WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, April 27 9.30 A.M.<br> +<br> +To Major-General DIX:<br> +<br> The department has received the following dispatch from Major-General Halleck, commanding the Military Division of the James. Generals Canby and Thomas were instructed some days ago that Sherman's arrangements with Johnston were disapproved by the President, and they were ordered to disregard it and push the enemy -in every direction.<br > -<br > -E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > -RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, April 26-9.30 p.m.<br > -<br > -HON. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War:<br > -<br > +in every direction.<br> +<br> +E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> +RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, April 26-9.30 p.m.<br> +<br> +HON. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War:<br> +<br> Generals Meade, Sheridan, and Wright, are acting under orders to pay no regard to any truce or orders of General Sherman respecting hostilities, on the ground that Sherman's agreement could bind his -command only, and no other.<br > -<br > +command only, and no other.<br> +<br> They are directed to push forward, regardless of orders from any one except from General Grant, and cut off Johnston's -retreat.<br > -<br > +retreat.<br> +<br> Beauregard has telegraphed to Danville that a new arrangement has been made with Sherman, and that the advance of the Sixth Corps was -to be suspended until further orders.<br > -<br > +to be suspended until further orders.<br> +<br> I have telegraphed back to obey no orders of Sherman, but to push -forward as rapidly as possible.<br > -<br > +forward as rapidly as possible.<br> +<br> The bankers here have information to-day that Jeff. Davis's specie is moving south from Goldsboro', in wagons, as fast as -possible.<br > -<br > +possible.<br> +<br> I suggest that orders be telegraphed, through General Thomas, that Wilson obey no orders from Sherman, and notifying him and Canby, and all commanders on the Mississippi, to take measures to -intercept the rebel chiefs and their plunder.<br > -<br > +intercept the rebel chiefs and their plunder.<br> +<br> The specie taken with them is estimated here at from six to -thirteen million dollars.<br > -<br > +thirteen million dollars.<br> +<br> H. W. HALLECK, Major-General commanding.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Subsequently, before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, in Washington, on the 22d of May, I testified fully on this whole matter, and will abide the judgment of the country on the @@ -33997,34 +34004,34 @@ fitting conclusion to the campaign and the war.</p> <p>I will now conclude by a copy of my general orders taking leave of the army, which ended my connection with the war, though I afterward visited and took a more formal leave of the officers and -men on July 4, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -[SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS NO. 76]<br > -<br > +men on July 4, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +[SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS NO. 76]<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE FIELD, -WASHINGTON, D.C. May 30, 1865<br > -<br > +WASHINGTON, D.C. May 30, 1865<br> +<br> The general commanding announces to the Armies of the Tennessee and Georgia that the time has come for us to part. Our work is done, and armed enemies no longer defy us. Some of you will go to your homes, and others will be retained in military service till further -orders.<br > -<br > +orders.<br> +<br> And now that we are all about to separate, to mingle with the civil world, it becomes a pleasing duty to recall to mind the situation of national affairs when, but little more than a year ago, we were gathered about the cliffs of Lookout Mountain, and all the future -was wrapped in doubt and uncertainty.<br > -<br > +was wrapped in doubt and uncertainty.<br> +<br> Three armies had come together from distant fields, with separate histories, yet bound by one common cause--the union of our country, and the perpetuation of the Government of our inheritance. There is no need to recall to your memories Tunnel Hill, with Rocky-Face Mountain and Buzzard-Roost Gap, and the ugly forts of Dalton -behind.<br > -<br > +behind.<br> +<br> We were in earnest, and paused not for danger and difficulty, but dashed through Snake-Creek Gap and fell on Resaca; then on to the Etowah, to Dallas, Kenesaw; and the heats of summer found us on the @@ -34035,8 +34042,8 @@ possession of the citadel of Atlanta. That was the crisis of our history. A doubt still clouded our future, but we solved the problem, destroyed Atlanta, struck boldly across the State of Georgia, severed all the main arteries of life to our enemy, and -Christmas found us at Savannah.<br > -<br > +Christmas found us at Savannah.<br> +<br> Waiting there only long enough to fill our wagons, we again began a march which, for peril, labor, and results, will compare with any ever made by an organized army. The floods of the Savannah, the @@ -34054,8 +34061,8 @@ mountains nor rivers, nor swamps, nor hunger, nor cold, had checked us; but when he, who had fought us hard and persistently, offered submission, your general thought it wrong to pursue him farther, and negotiations followed, which resulted, as you all know, in his -surrender.<br > -<br > +surrender.<br> +<br> How far the operations of this army contributed to the final overthrow of the Confederacy and the peace which now dawns upon us, must be judged by others, not by us; but that you have done all @@ -34063,8 +34070,8 @@ that men could do has been admitted by those in authority, and we have a right to join in the universal joy that fills our land because the war is over, and our Government stands vindicated before the world by the joint action of the volunteer armies and -navy of the United States.<br > -<br > +navy of the United States.<br> +<br> To such as remain in the service, your general need only remind you that success in the past was due to hard work and discipline, and that the same work and discipline are equally important in the @@ -34075,20 +34082,20 @@ suited to his taste; none should yield to the natural impatience sure to result from our past life of excitement and adventure. You will be invited to seek new adventures abroad; do not yield to the temptation, for it will lead only to death and -disappointment.<br > -<br > +disappointment.<br> +<br> Your general now bids you farewell, with the full belief that, as in war you have been good soldiers, so in peace you will make good citizens; and if, unfortunately, new war should arise in our country, "Sherman's army" will be the first to buckle on its old armor, and come forth to defend and maintain the Government of our -inheritance.<br > -<br > -By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br > -<br > +inheritance.<br> +<br> +By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,<br> +<br> L. M. DAYTON, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>List of the Average Number of Miles marched by the Different Army Corps of the United States Forces under Command of Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, United States Army, during his @@ -34129,26 +34136,26 @@ Campaigns: 1863-'64-'65.</p> </tr> </table> </div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"><a id="Commanders"></a><div class="fig" style="width:60%;"> <img alt= -"Commanders.jpg (66K)" src="images/Commanders.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br ></div> <a href="images/Commanders.jpg" style="width:100%;" target= +"Commanders.jpg (66K)" src="images/Commanders.jpg" style="width:100%;"><br></div> <a href="images/Commanders.jpg" style="width:100%;" target= "_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a></div> -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch25"></a>CHAPTER XXV.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>CONCLUSION--MILITARY LESSONS OF THE WAR.</h3> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>Having thus recorded a summary of events, mostly under my own personal supervision, during the years from 1846 to 1865, it seems proper that I should add an opinion of some of the useful military @@ -34289,7 +34296,7 @@ would settle down to about one thousand men.</p> <p>Three such regiments would compose a brigade, three brigades a division, and three divisions a corps. Then, by allowing to an infantry corps a brigade of cavalry and six batteries of -field-artillery, we would have an efficient corps d'armee of thirty +field-artillery, we would have an efficient corps d'armée of thirty thousand men, whose organization would be simple and most efficient, and whose strength should never be allowed to fall below twenty-five thousand men.</p> @@ -34468,7 +34475,7 @@ as a corps should have food on hand for twenty days ready for detachment, it should have three hundred such wagons, as a provision-train; and for forage, ammunition, clothing, and other necessary stores, it was found necessary to have three hundred more -wagons, or six hundred wagons in all, for a corps d'armee.</p> +wagons, or six hundred wagons in all, for a corps d'armée.</p> <p>These should be absolutely under the immediate control of the corps commander, who will, however, find it economical to distribute them in due proportion to his divisions, brigades, and @@ -34910,7 +34917,7 @@ of young aides-de-camp, habitually selected from the subalterns of the brigade, who should be good riders, and intelligent enough to give and explain the orders of their general.</p> <p>The same staff will answer for a division. The general in -command of a separate army, and of a corps d'armee, should have the +command of a separate army, and of a corps d'armée, should have the same professional assistance, with two or more good engineers, and his adjutant-general should exercise all the functions usually ascribed to a chief of staff, viz., he should possess the ability @@ -34955,7 +34962,7 @@ the old one on the same subject. While conceding to the Minister of War in Paris the general control and supervision of the entire military establishment primarily, especially of the annual estimates or budget, and the great depots of supply, it distributes -to the commanders of the corps d'armee in time of peace, and to all +to the commanders of the corps d'armée in time of peace, and to all army commanders generally in time of war, the absolute command of the money, provisions, and stores, with the necessary staff-officers to receive, issue, and account for them. I quote @@ -35057,7 +35064,7 @@ regulations can be made that meets the case, until Congress, like the French Corps Legislatif, utterly annihilates and "proscribes" the old law and the system which has grown up under it.</p> <p>It is related of Napoleon that his last words were, "Tete -d'armee!" Doubtless, as the shadow of death obscured his memory, +d'armée!" Doubtless, as the shadow of death obscured his memory, the last thought that remained for speech was of some event when he was directing an important "head of column." I believe that every general who has handled armies in battle most recall from his own @@ -35138,19 +35145,19 @@ Yet, so greedy are the people at large for war news, that it is doubtful whether any army commander can exclude all reporters, without bringing down on himself a clamor that may imperil his own safety. Time and moderation must bring a just solution to this -modern difficulty.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +modern difficulty.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h2><a id="ch26"></a>CHAPTER XXVI.</h2> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>AFTER THE WAR</h3> </div> -<br > +<br> <p>In the foregoing pages I have endeavored to describe the public events in which I was an actor or spectator before and during the civil war of 1861-'65, and it now only remains for me to treat of @@ -35358,14 +35365,14 @@ October 26, 1866; and the letter of Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, to General Grant, dated October 27th, had been already prepared and printed, and the originals or copies were furnished me; but on the 30th of October, 1866, the following letter -passed<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -EXECUTIVE MANSION<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., October 30,1866.<br > -<br > +passed<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +EXECUTIVE MANSION<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., October 30,1866.<br> +<br> SIR: General Ulysses S. Grant having found it inconvenient to assume the duties specified in my letter to you of the 26th inst., you will please relieve him, and assign them in all respects to @@ -35374,17 +35381,17 @@ States. By way of guiding General Sherman in the performance of his duties, you will furnish him with a copy of your special orders to General Grant made in compliance with my letter of the 26th inst., together with a copy of the instructions of the Secretary of State -to Lewis D. Campbell, Esq., therein mentioned.<br > -<br > +to Lewis D. Campbell, Esq., therein mentioned.<br> +<br> The lieutenant-general will proceed to the execution of his duties -without delay.<br > -<br > -Very respectfully yours,<br > -<br > -ANDREW JOHNSON<br > +without delay.<br> +<br> +Very respectfully yours,<br> +<br> +ANDREW JOHNSON<br> To the Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>At the Navy Department I learned that the United States ship Susquehanna, Captain Alden, was fitting out in New York for the use of this mission, and that there would be time for me to return to @@ -35492,32 +35499,32 @@ Campbell got his baggage, and we regained the deck of the Susquehanna, which got up steam and started for New Orleans. We reached New Orleans December 20th, whence I reported fully everything to General Grant, and on the 21st received the following -dispatch:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, December 21,1866.<br > -Lieutenant-General SHERMAN, New Orleans.<br > -<br > +dispatch:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, December 21,1866.<br> +Lieutenant-General SHERMAN, New Orleans.<br> +<br> Your telegram of yesterday has been submitted to the President. You are authorized to proceed to St. Louis at your convenience. Your proceedings in the special and delicate duties assigned you are cordially approved by the President and Cabinet and this department. EDWIN M. STANTON.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>And on the same day I received this dispatch<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -GALVESTON, December 21, 1866.<br > -To General SHERMAN, or General SHERIDAN.<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>And on the same day I received this dispatch<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +GALVESTON, December 21, 1866.<br> +To General SHERMAN, or General SHERIDAN.<br> +<br> Will be in New Orleans to-morrow. Wish to see you both on arrival, on matters of importance. LEWIS D. CAMPBELL, Minister to Mexico.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Mr. Campbell arrived on the 22d, but had nothing to tell of the least importance, save that he was generally disgusted with the whole thing, and had not found Juarez at all. I am sure this whole @@ -35656,19 +35663,19 @@ bound to obey the orders of Mr. Stanton as Secretary of War," which the President intimated he would do.</p> <p>No such "orders" were ever made; many conferences were held, and the following letters are selected out of a great mass to show the -general feeling at the time:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -1321 K STREET, WASHINGTON,<br > -January 28,1868, Saturday.<br > -<br > -To the President:<br > -<br > +general feeling at the time:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +1321 K STREET, WASHINGTON,<br> +January 28,1868, Saturday.<br> +<br> +To the President:<br> +<br> I neglected this morning to say that I had agreed to go down to Annapolis to spend Sunday with Admiral Porter. General Grant also -has to leave for Richmond on Monday morning at 6 A.M.<br > -<br > +has to leave for Richmond on Monday morning at 6 A.M.<br> +<br> At a conversation with the General after our interview, wherein I offered to go with him on Monday morning to Mr. Stanton, and to say that it was our joint opinion be should resign, it was found @@ -35678,23 +35685,23 @@ call on you to-morrow, and offer to go to Mr. Stanton to say, for the good of the Army and of the country, he ought to resign. This on Sunday. On Monday I will again call on you, and, if you think it necessary, I will do the same, viz., go to Mr. Stanton and tell him -he should resign.<br > -<br > +he should resign.<br> +<br> If he will not, then it will be time to contrive ulterior measures. In the mean time it so happens that no necessity exists for -precipitating matters.<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +precipitating matters.<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: On the point of starting, I have written the above, and will send a fair copy of it to the President. Please retain this, that in case of necessity I may have a copy. The President -clearly stated to me that he relied on us in this category.<br > -<br > +clearly stated to me that he relied on us in this category.<br> +<br> Think of the propriety of your putting in writing what you have to say tomorrow, even if you have to put it in the form of a letter to hand him in person, retaining a copy. I'm afraid that acting as a @@ -35702,49 +35709,49 @@ go-between for three persons, I may share the usual fate of meddlers, at last get kinks from all. We ought not to be involved in politics, but for the sake of the Army we are justified in trying at least to cut this Gordian knot, which they do not appear -to have any practicable plan to do. In haste as usual,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES,<br > -January 29, 1888.<br > -<br > +to have any practicable plan to do. In haste as usual,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES,<br> +January 29, 1888.<br> +<br> DEAR SHERMAN: I called on the President and Mr. Stanton to-day, but -without any effect.<br > -<br > +without any effect.<br> +<br> I soon found that to recommend resignation to Mr. Stanton would have no effect, unless it was to incur further his displeasure; and, therefore, did not directly suggest it to him. I explained to him, however, the course I supposed he would pursue, and what I expected to do in that case, namely, to notify the President of his intentions, and thus leave him to violate the "Tenure-of-Office -Bill" if he chose, instead of having me do it.<br > -<br > +Bill" if he chose, instead of having me do it.<br> +<br> I would advise that you say nothing to Mr. Stanton on the subject unless he asks your advice. It will do no good, and may embarrass you. I did not mention your name to him, at least not in connection -with his position, or what you thought upon it.<br > -<br > +with his position, or what you thought upon it.<br> +<br> All that Mr. Johnson said was pacific and compromising. While I think he wanted the constitutionality of the "Tenure Bill" tested, I think now he would be glad either to get the vacancy of Secretary of War, or have the office just where it was during suspension. -Yours truly,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON D. C., January 27, 1868.<br > -<br > -To the President.<br > -<br > +Yours truly,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON D. C., January 27, 1868.<br> +<br> +To the President.<br> +<br> DEAR SIR: As I promised, I saw Mr. Ewing yesterday, and after a long conversation asked him to put down his opinion in writing, -which he has done and which I now inclose.<br > -<br > +which he has done and which I now inclose.<br> +<br> I am now at work on these Army Regulations, and in the course of preparation have laid down the Constitution and laws now in force, clearer than I find them elsewhere; and beg leave herewith to @@ -35756,26 +35763,26 @@ through this task in the course of this week, and want very much to go to St. Louis. For eleven years I have been tossed about so much that I really do want to rest, study, and make the acquaintance of my family. I do not think, since 1857, I have averaged thirty days -out of three hundred and sixty-five at home.<br > -<br > +out of three hundred and sixty-five at home.<br> +<br> Next summer also, in fulfillment of our promise to the Sioux, I must go to Fort Phil Kearney early in the spring, so that, unless I can spend the next two months at home, I might as well break up my house at St. Louis, and give up all prospect of taking care of my -family.<br > -<br > +family.<br> +<br> For these reasons especially I shall soon ask leave to go to St. Louis, to resume my proper and legitimate command. With great -respect,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[Inclosure]<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., January 25, 1868.<br > -<br > +respect,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[Inclosure]<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., January 25, 1868.<br> +<br> MY DEAR GENERAL: I am quite clear in the opinion that it is not expedient for the President to take any action now in the case of Stanton. So far as he and his interests are concerned, things are @@ -35784,8 +35791,8 @@ his secretary, but the secretary of the Senate, who have taken upon themselves his sins, and who place him there under a large salary to annoy and obstruct the operations of the Executive. This the people well enough understand, and he is a stench in the nostrils -of their own party.<br > -<br > +of their own party.<br> +<br> I thought the nomination of Cox at the proper juncture would have been wise as a peace-offering, but perhaps it would have let off the Senate too easily from the effect of their arbitrary act. Now @@ -35797,8 +35804,8 @@ Congress and the President is to go on, as I suppose it is, Stanton should be ignored by the President, left to perform his clerical duties which the law requires him to perform, and let the party bear the odium which is already upon them for placing him where he -is. So much for the President.<br > -<br > +is. So much for the President.<br> +<br> As to yourself, I wish you as far as possible to keep clear of political complications. I do not think the President will require you to do an act of doubtful legality. Certainly he will not @@ -35812,21 +35819,21 @@ consideration. Such, however, will not, I think, be the case. The appeal is to the people, and it is better for the President to persist in the course he has for some time pursued--let the aggressions all come from the other side; and I think there is no -doubt he will do so. Affectionately, T. EWING.<br > -<br > -To--Lieutenant-General SHERMAN.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -LIBRARY ROOM, WAR DEPARTMENT,<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., January 31, 1868.<br > -<br > -To the President:<br > -<br > +doubt he will do so. Affectionately, T. EWING.<br> +<br> +To--Lieutenant-General SHERMAN.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +LIBRARY ROOM, WAR DEPARTMENT,<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., January 31, 1868.<br> +<br> +To the President:<br> +<br> Since our interview of yesterday I have given the subject of our conversation all my thoughts, and I beg you will pardon my reducing -the same to writing.<br > -<br > +the same to writing.<br> +<br> My personal preferences, as expressed, were to be allowed to return to St. Louis to resume my present command, because my command was important, large, suited to my rank and inclination, and because my @@ -35839,27 +35846,27 @@ expressed, to make a new department East, adequate to my rank, with headquarters at Washington, and assign me to its command, to remove my family here, and to avail myself of its schools, etc.; to remove Mr. Stanton from his office as Secretary of War, and have me to -discharge the duties.<br > -<br > +discharge the duties.<br> +<br> To effect this removal two modes were indicated: to simply cause him to quit the War-Office Building, and notify the Treasury Department and the Army Staff Departments no longer to respect him as Secretary of War; or to remove him and submit my name to the -Senate for confirmation.<br > -<br > +Senate for confirmation.<br> +<br> Permit me to discuss these points a little, and I will premise by saying that I have spoken to no one on the subject, and have not even seen Mr. Ewing, Mr. Stanbery, or General Grant, since I was -with you.<br > -<br > +with you.<br> +<br> It has been the rule and custom of our army, since the organization of the government, that the second officer of the army should be at the second (in importance) command, and remote from general headquarters. To bring me to Washington world put three heads to an army, yourself, General Grant, and myself, and we would be more than human if we were not to differ. In my judgment it world ruin -the army, and would be fatal to one or two of us.<br > -<br > +the army, and would be fatal to one or two of us.<br> +<br> Generals Scott and Taylor proved themselves soldiers and patriots in the field, but Washington was fatal to both. This city, and the influences that centre here, defeated every army that had its @@ -35883,8 +35890,8 @@ deceiver," based on reports of four of the Cabinet, and apparently with your knowledge. If this political atmosphere can disturb the equanimity of one so guarded and so prudent as he is, what will be the result with me, so careless, so outspoken as I am? Therefore, -with my consent, Washington never.<br > -<br > +with my consent, Washington never.<br> +<br> As to the Secretary of War, his office is twofold. As a Cabinet officer he should not be there without your hearty, cheerful assent, and I believe that is the judgment and opinion of every @@ -35905,36 +35912,36 @@ is not weakened, but rather strengthened. Surely he is not such an obstruction as would warrant violence, or even s show of force, which would produce the very reaction and clamor that he hopes for to save him from the absurdity of holding an empty office "for the -safety of the country."<br > -<br > +safety of the country."<br> +<br> This is so much as I ought to say, and more too, but if it produces the result I will be more than satisfied, viz., that I be simply allowed to resume my proper post and duties in St. Louis. With -great respect, yours truly,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > +great respect, yours truly,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> On the 1st of February, the board of which I was the president submitted to the adjutant-general our draft of the "Articles of War and Army Regulations," condensed to a small compass, the result of our war experience. But they did not suit the powers that were, and have ever since slept the sleep that knows no waking, to make room for the ponderous document now in vogue, which will not stand the -strain of a week's campaign in real war.<br > -<br > +strain of a week's campaign in real war.<br> +<br> I hurried back to St. Louis to escape the political storm I saw brewing. The President repeatedly said to me that he wanted me in Washington, and I as often answered that nothing could tempt me to live in that center of intrigue and excitement; but soon came the -following:<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES,<br > -WASHINGTON, February 10, 1868.<br > -<br > +following:<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES,<br> +WASHINGTON, February 10, 1868.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: I have received at last the President's reply to my last, letter. He attempts to substantiate his statements by his Cabinet. In this view it is important that I should have a letter @@ -35946,106 +35953,106 @@ Tuesday following is not a subject under controversy now; therefore, if you choose to write down your recollection (and I would like to have it) on Wednesday, when you and I called on the President, and your conversation with him the last time you saw -him, make that a separate communication.<br > -<br > +him, make that a separate communication.<br> +<br> Your order to come East was received several days ago, but the President withdrew it, I supposed to make some alteration, but it -has not been returned. Yours truly,<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[TELEGRAM.]<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., February 18, 1868.<br > -<br > -Lieutenant-General W. T. SHERMAN, St. Louis.<br > -<br > -The order is issued ordering you to Atlantic Division.<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[TELEGRAM]<br > -<br > +has not been returned. Yours truly,<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[TELEGRAM.]<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., February 18, 1868.<br> +<br> +Lieutenant-General W. T. SHERMAN, St. Louis.<br> +<br> +The order is issued ordering you to Atlantic Division.<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[TELEGRAM]<br> +<br> HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI, St. Louis, February -14, 1868.<br > -<br > -General U. S. GRANT, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +14, 1868.<br> +<br> +General U. S. GRANT, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> Your dispatch is received informing me that the order for the Atlantic Division has been issued, and that I am assigned to its command. I was in hopes I had escaped the danger, and now were I prepared I should resign on the spot, as it requires no foresight to predict such must be the inevitable result in the end. I will -make one more desperate effort by mail, which please await.<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[TELEGRAM.]<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, February 14, 1868.<br > -Lieutenant-General W. T. SHERMAN, St. Louis.<br > -<br > +make one more desperate effort by mail, which please await.<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[TELEGRAM.]<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, February 14, 1868.<br> +Lieutenant-General W. T. SHERMAN, St. Louis.<br> +<br> I think it due to you that your letter of January 31st to the President of the United States should be published, to correct misapprehension in the public mind about your willingness to come -to Washington. It will not be published against your will.<br > -<br > -(Sent in cipher.)<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[TELEGRAM.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI,<br > -St. Louis, MISSOURI, February 14, 1868.<br > -<br > -General U. S. GRANT, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +to Washington. It will not be published against your will.<br> +<br> +(Sent in cipher.)<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[TELEGRAM.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI,<br> +St. Louis, MISSOURI, February 14, 1868.<br> +<br> +General U. S. GRANT, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> Dispatch of to-day received. Please await a letter I address this day through you to the President, which will in due time reach the -public, covering the very point you make.<br > -<br > -I don't want to come to Washington at all.<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -[TELEGRAM.]<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI,<br > -St. Louis, MISSOURI, February 14, 1868.<br > -<br > -Hon. John SHERMAN, United States Senate, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +public, covering the very point you make.<br> +<br> +I don't want to come to Washington at all.<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +[TELEGRAM.]<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI,<br> +St. Louis, MISSOURI, February 14, 1868.<br> +<br> +Hon. John SHERMAN, United States Senate, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> Oppose confirmation of myself as brevet general, on ground that it is unprecedented, and that it is better not to extend the system of brevets above major-general. If I can't avoid coming to Washington, -I may have to resign.<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., February 12, 1868.<br > -<br > +I may have to resign.<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., February 12, 1868.<br> +<br> The following orders are published for the information and guidance -of all concerned:<br > -<br > -U. S. GRANT, General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -EXECUTIVE MANSION,<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., February 12, 1868.<br > -<br > +of all concerned:<br> +<br> +U. S. GRANT, General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +EXECUTIVE MANSION,<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., February 12, 1868.<br> +<br> GENERAL: You will please issue an order creating a military division to be styled the Military Division of the Atlantic, to be composed of the Department of the Lakes, the Department of the @@ -36053,26 +36060,26 @@ East, and the Department of Washington, to be commanded by Lieutenant-General W. T. Sherman, with his headquarters at Washington. Until further orders from the President, you will assign no officer to the permanent command of the Military Division -of the Missouri.<br > -<br > -Respectfully yours,<br > -<br > -ANDREW JOHNSON.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -GENERAL U. S. GRANT,<br > -Commanding Armies of The United States, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +of the Missouri.<br> +<br> +Respectfully yours,<br> +<br> +ANDREW JOHNSON.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +GENERAL U. S. GRANT,<br> +Commanding Armies of The United States, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> Major-General P. H. Sheridan, the senior officer in the Military Division of the Missouri, will temporarily perform the duties of commander of the Military Division of the Missouri in addition to his duties of department commander. By command of General -Grant:<br > -<br > +Grant:<br> +<br> E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This order, if carried into effect, would have grouped in Washington:</p> <p>1. The President, constitutional Commander-in-Chief.</p> @@ -36087,15 +36094,15 @@ sincerity in wishing to befriend me, but this was the broadest kind of a farce, or meant mischief. I therefore appealed to him by letter to allow me to remain where I was, and where I could do service, real service, and received his most satisfactory -answer.<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI,<br > -St. Louis, MISSOURI, February 14, 1868.<br > -<br > -General U. S. GRANT, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +answer.<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI,<br> +St. Louis, MISSOURI, February 14, 1868.<br> +<br> +General U. S. GRANT, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: Last evening, just before leaving my office, I received your note of the 10th, and had intended answering it according to your request; but, after I got home, I got your @@ -36118,11 +36125,11 @@ till I can be assured of some permanence elsewhere. If it were at all certain that you would accept the nomination of President in May, I would try and kill the intervening time, and then judge of the chances, but I do not want you to reveal your plans to me till -you choose to do so.<br > -<br > +you choose to do so.<br> +<br> I have telegraphed to John Sherman to oppose the nomination which -the papers announce has been made of me for brevet general.<br > -<br > +the papers announce has been made of me for brevet general.<br> +<br> I have this minute received your cipher dispatch of to-day, which I have just answered and sent down to the telegraph-office, and the clerk is just engaged in copying my letter to the President to go @@ -36163,30 +36170,30 @@ joint and several treatment. This doctrine would be accounted by Congress, and by the President too, as high treason, and therefore I don't care about saying so to either of them, but I know you can hear anything, and give it just what thought or action it -merits.<br > -<br > +merits.<br> +<br> Excuse this long letter, and telegraph me the result of my letter to the President as early as you can. If he holds my letter so long as to make it improper for me to await his answer, also telegraph -me.<br > -<br > +me.<br> +<br> The order, when received, will, I suppose, direct me as to whom and how I am to turn over this command, which should, in my judgment, not be broken up, as the three departments composing the division -should be under one head.<br > -<br > +should be under one head.<br> +<br> I expect my staff-officers to be making for me within the hour to learn their fate, so advise me all you can as quick as -possible.<br > -<br > -With great respect, yours truly,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -To the President.<br > -<br > +possible.<br> +<br> +With great respect, yours truly,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +To the President.<br> +<br> DEAR SIR: It is hard for me to conceive you would purposely do me an unkindness unless under the pressure of a sense of public duty, or because you do not believe me sincere. I was in hopes, since my @@ -36206,8 +36213,8 @@ present commission, and seek some business wherein I would be free from these unhappy complications that seem to be closing about me, spite of my earnest efforts to avoid them; but necessity ties my hands, and I must submit with the best grace I can till I make -other arrangements.<br > -<br > +other arrangements.<br> +<br> In Washington are already the headquarters of a department, and of the army itself, and it is hard for me to see wherein I can render military service there. Any staff-officer with the rank of major @@ -36220,8 +36227,8 @@ differences should arise between us, my sense of personal dignity and duty would leave me no alternative but resignation. For this I am not yet prepared, but I shall proceed to arrange for it as rapidly as possible, so that when the time does come (as it surely -will if this plan is carried into effect) I may act promptly.<br > -<br > +will if this plan is carried into effect) I may act promptly.<br> +<br> Inasmuch as the order is now issued, I cannot expect a full revocation of it, but I beg the privilege of taking post at New York, or any point you may name within the new military division @@ -36230,26 +36237,26 @@ military commanders, and I see no good reason why I too may not ask for it, and this simple concession, involving no public interest, will much soften the blow, which, right or wrong, I construe as one of the hardest I have sustained in a life somewhat checkered with -adversity. With great respects yours truly,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., 2 p.m., February 19, 1888.<br > -Lieutenant-General W. T. SHERMAN, St. Louis, Missouri:<br > -<br > +adversity. With great respects yours truly,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., 2 p.m., February 19, 1888.<br> +Lieutenant-General W. T. SHERMAN, St. Louis, Missouri:<br> +<br> I have just received, with General Grant's indorsement of -reference, your letter to me of the fourteenth (14th) inst.<br > -<br > +reference, your letter to me of the fourteenth (14th) inst.<br> +<br> The order to which you refer was made in good faith, and with a view to the best interests of the country and the service; as, however, your assignment to a new military division seems so -objectionable, you will retain your present command.<br > -<br > +objectionable, you will retain your present command.<br> +<br> ANDREW JOHNSON.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On that same 19th of February he appointed Adjutant, General Lorenzo Thomas to be Secretary of War ad interim, which finally resulted in the articles of impeachment and trial of President @@ -36261,15 +36268,15 @@ know nothing. The final test vote revealed less than two thirds, and the President was consequently acquitted. Mr. Stanton resigned. General Schofield, previously nominated, was confirmed as Secretary of War, thus putting an end to what ought never to have happened at -all.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br ></p> +all.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br></p> <div style="text-align: center"> <h3>INDIAN PEACE COMMISSION.</h3> </div> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 20th of July, 1867, President Johnson approved an act to establish peace with certain hostile Indian tribes, the first section of which reads as follows: "Be it enacted, etc., that the @@ -36517,43 +36524,43 @@ popular officers, who died soon after, feeling that they had experienced ingratitude and neglect.</p> <p>Soon after General Grant's inauguration as President, and, as I supposed, in fulfilment of his plan divulged in Chicago the -previous December, were made the following:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,<br > -WASHINGTON, March 8, 1869.<br > -<br > -General Orders No. 11:<br > -<br > +previous December, were made the following:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,<br> +WASHINGTON, March 8, 1869.<br> +<br> +General Orders No. 11:<br> +<br> The following orders of the President of the United States are published for the information and government of all -concerned:<br > -<br > -WAR DEPARTMENT,<br > -WASHINGTON CITY, March 5, 1869.<br > -<br > +concerned:<br> +<br> +WAR DEPARTMENT,<br> +WASHINGTON CITY, March 5, 1869.<br> +<br> By direction of the President, General William T. Sherman will -assume command of the Army of the United States.<br > -<br > +assume command of the Army of the United States.<br> +<br> The chiefs of staff corps, departments, and bureaus will report to and act under the immediate orders of the general commanding the -army.<br > -<br > +army.<br> +<br> Any official business which by law or regulation requires the action of the President or Secretary of War will be submitted by the General of the Army to the Secretary of War, and in general all orders from the President or Secretary of War to any portion of the army, line or staff, will be transmitted through the General of the -Army.<br > -<br > -J. M. SCHOFIELD, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > -By command of the General of the Army.<br > -<br > +Army.<br> +<br> +J. M. SCHOFIELD, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> +By command of the General of the Army.<br> +<br> E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the same day I issued my General Orders No. 12, assuming command and naming all the heads of staff departments and bureaus as members of my staff, adding to my then three aides, Colonels @@ -36569,48 +36576,48 @@ branch of the Government which connects the army with the President and Congress.</p> <p>In a short time General John A. Rawlins, General Grant's former chief of staff, was nominated and confirmed as Secretary of War; -and soon appeared this order:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,<br > -<br > -ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, WASHINGTON, March 27, 1869.<br > -<br > -General Orders No. 28:<br > -<br > +and soon appeared this order:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,<br> +<br> +ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, WASHINGTON, March 27, 1869.<br> +<br> +General Orders No. 28:<br> +<br> The following orders received for the War Department are published -for the government of all concerned:<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -WAR DEPARTMENT,<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON CITY, March 26, 1869.<br > -<br > +for the government of all concerned:<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +WAR DEPARTMENT,<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON CITY, March 26, 1869.<br> +<br> By direction of the President, the order of the Secretary of War, dated War Department, March 5, 1869, and published in General Orders No. 11, headquarters of the army, Adjutant-General's Office, dated March 8, 1869, except so much as directs General W. T. Sherman to assume command of the Army of the United States, is -hereby rescinded.<br > -<br > +hereby rescinded.<br> +<br> All official business which by law or regulations requires the action of the President or Secretary of War will be submitted by the chiefs of staff corps, departments, and bureaus to the -Secretary of War.<br > -<br > +Secretary of War.<br> +<br> All orders and instructions relating to military operations issued by the President or Secretary of War will be issued through the -General of the Army.<br > -<br > -JOHN A. RAWLINS, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > -By command of General SHERMAN:<br > -<br > +General of the Army.<br> +<br> +JOHN A. RAWLINS, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> +By command of General SHERMAN:<br> +<br> E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Thus we were thrown back on the old method in having a double--if not a treble-headed machine. Each head of a bureau in daily consultation with the Secretary of War, and the general to @@ -36751,29 +36758,29 @@ general, which would surely result in driving me away. He as frequently promised to bring us together to agree upon a just line of separation of our respective offices, but never did.</p> <p>Determined to bring the matter to an issue, I wrote the -following letter:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES,<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., August 17, 1870.<br > -<br > -General W. W. BELKNAP, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > +following letter:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES,<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., August 17, 1870.<br> +<br> +General W. W. BELKNAP, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I must urgently and respectfully invite your attention when at leisure to a matter of deep interest to future commanding generals of the army more than to myself, of the imperative necessity of fixing and clearly defining the limits of the powers and duties of the general of the army or of whomsoever may succeed -to the place of commander-in-chief.<br > -<br > +to the place of commander-in-chief.<br> +<br> The case is well stated by General Grant in his letter of January 29, 1866, to the Secretary of War, Mr. Stanton, hereto appended, and though I find no official answer recorded, I remember that General Grant told me that the Secretary of War had promptly assured him in conversation that he fully approved of his views as -expressed in this letter.<br > -<br > +expressed in this letter.<br> +<br> At that time the subject was much discussed, and soon after Congress enacted the bill reviving the grade of general, which bill was approved July 25, 1866, and provided that the general, when @@ -36786,19 +36793,19 @@ States shall hereafter consist of five regiments of artillery, ten regiments of cavalry, forty-five regiments of infantry, the professors and Corps of Cadets of the United States Military Academy, and such other forces as shall be provided for by this -act, to be known as the army of the United States."<br > -<br > +act, to be known as the army of the United States."<br> +<br> The act then recites in great detail all the parts of the army, making no distinction between the line and staff, but clearly makes -each and every part an element of the whole.<br > -<br > +each and every part an element of the whole.<br> +<br> Section 37 provides for a board to revise the army regulations and report; and declares that the regulations then in force, viz., those of 1863, should remain until Congress "shall act on said report;" and section 38 and last enacts that all laws and parts of laws inconsistent with the provisions of this act be and the same -are hereby repealed.<br > -<br > +are hereby repealed.<br> +<br> Under the provisions of this law my predecessor, General Grant, did not hesitate to command and make orders to all parts of the army, the Military Academy, and staff, and it was under his advice that @@ -36809,8 +36816,8 @@ was called here to succeed him that he wanted me to perfect the distinction, and it was by his express orders that on assuming the command of the army I specifically placed the heads of the staff corps here in Washington in the exact relation to the army which -they would bear to an army in the field.<br > -<br > +they would bear to an army in the field.<br> +<br> I am aware that subsequently, in his orders of March 26th, he modified his former orders of March 5th, but only as to the heads of bureaus in Washington, who have, he told me, certain functions @@ -36821,19 +36828,19 @@ whose instance this order was made, that it was designed in any way to modify, alter, or change his purposes that division and department commanders, as well as the general of the army, should exercise the same command of the staff as they did of the line of -the army.<br > -<br > +the army.<br> +<br> I need not remind the Secretary that orders and reports are made to and from the Military Academy which the general does not even see, though the Military Academy is specifically named as a part of that army which he is required to command. Leaves of absence are granted, the stations of officers are changed, and other orders are now made directly to the army, not through the general, but direct -through other officials and the adjutant-general.<br > -<br > +through other officials and the adjutant-general.<br> +<br> So long as this is the case I surely do not command the army of the -United States, and am not responsible for it.<br > -<br > +United States, and am not responsible for it.<br> +<br> I am aware that the confusion results from the fact that the thirty-seventh section of the act of July 28, 1866, clothes the army regulations of 1863 with the sanction of law, but the next @@ -36842,8 +36849,8 @@ provisions of this act. The regulations of 1863 are but a compilation of orders made prior to the war, when such men as Davis and Floyd took pleasure in stripping General Scott of even the semblance of power, and purposely reduced him to a cipher in the -command of the army.<br > -<br > +command of the army.<br> +<br> Not one word can be found in those regulations speaking of the duties of the lieutenant-general commanding the army, or defining a single act of authority rightfully devolving on him. Not a single @@ -36851,20 +36858,20 @@ mention is made of the rights and duties of a commander-in-chief of the army. He is ignored, and purposely, too, as a part of the programme resulting in the rebellion, that the army without a legitimate head should pass into the anarchy which these men were -shaping for the whole country.<br > -<br > +shaping for the whole country.<br> +<br> I invite your attention to the army regulations of 1847, when our best soldiers lived, among whom was your own father, and see paragraphs 48 and 49, page 8, and they are so important that I -quote them entire:<br > -<br > +quote them entire:<br> +<br> "48. The military establishment is placed under the orders of the major-general commanding in chief in all that regards its discipline and military control. Its fiscal arrangements properly belong to the administrative departments of the staff and to the Treasury Department under the direction of the Secretary of -War.<br > -<br > +War.<br> +<br> "49. The general of the army will watch over the economy of the service in all that relates to the expenditure of money, supply of arms, ordnance and ordnance stores, clothing, equipments, @@ -36881,8 +36888,8 @@ be employed in verifying and inspecting all the objects which may require attention. The rules and regulations established for the government of the army, and the laws relating to the military establishment, are the guides to the commanding general in the -performance of his duties."<br > -<br > +performance of his duties."<br> +<br> Why was this, or why was all mention of any field of duty for the head of the army left out of the army regulations? Simply because Jefferson Davis had a purpose, and absorbed to himself, as @@ -36890,42 +36897,42 @@ Secretary of War, as General Grant well says, all the powers of commander-in-chief. Floyd succeeded him, and the last regulations of 1863 were but a new compilation of their orders, hastily collected and published to supply a vast army with a new -edition.<br > -<br > +edition.<br> +<br> I contend that all parts of these regulations inconsistent with the -law of July 28, 1866, are repealed.<br > -<br > +law of July 28, 1866, are repealed.<br> +<br> I surely do not ask for any power myself, but I hope and trust, now when we have a military President and a military Secretary of War, that in the new regulations to be laid before Congress next session the functions and duties of the commander-in-chief will be so clearly marked out and defined that they may be understood by -himself and the army at large.<br > -<br > -I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, General.<br > -<br > -[Inclosure.]<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -WASHINGTON, January 29, 1866.<br > -<br > -Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War:<br > -<br > +himself and the army at large.<br> +<br> +I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, General.<br> +<br> +[Inclosure.]<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +WASHINGTON, January 29, 1866.<br> +<br> +Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War:<br> +<br> From the period of the difficulties between Major-General (now Lieutenant-General) Scott with Secretary Marcy, during the administration of President Polk, the command of the army virtually -passed into the hands of the Secretary of War.<br > -<br > +passed into the hands of the Secretary of War.<br> +<br> From that day to the breaking out of the rebellion the general-in-chief never kept his headquarters in Washington, and could not, consequently, with propriety resume his proper functions. To administer the affairs of the army properly, headquarters and the adjutant-general's office must be in the same -place.<br > -<br > +place.<br> +<br> During the war, while in the field, my functions as commander of all the armies was never impaired, but were facilitated in all essential matters by the Administration and by the War Department. @@ -36937,8 +36944,8 @@ before you, with the view of asking to have the old condition of affairs restored, but from diffidence about mentioning the matter have delayed. In a few words I will state what I conceive to be my duties and my place, and ask respectfully to be restored to them -and it.<br > -<br > +and it.<br> +<br> The entire adjutant-general's office should be under the entire control of the general-in-chief of the army. No orders should go to the army, or the adjutant-general, except through the @@ -36947,46 +36954,46 @@ be laid before the Secretary of War, whose actions would be regarded as those of the President. In short, in my opinion, the general-in-chief stands between the President and the army in all official matters, and the Secretary of War is between the army -(through the general-in-chief) and the President.<br > -<br > +(through the general-in-chief) and the President.<br> +<br> I can very well conceive that a rule so long disregarded could not, or would not, be restored without the subject being presented, and -I now do so respectfully for your consideration.<br > -<br > +I now do so respectfully for your consideration.<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>General Belknap never answered that letter.</p> <p>In August, 1870, was held at Des Moines, Iowa, an encampment of old soldiers which I attended, en route to the Pacific, and at -Omaha received this letter:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -LONG BRANCH, New Jersey, August 18,1870.<br > -<br > -General W. T. SHERMAN.<br > -<br > +Omaha received this letter:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +LONG BRANCH, New Jersey, August 18,1870.<br> +<br> +General W. T. SHERMAN.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: Your letter of the 7th inst. did not reach Long Branch until after I had left for St. Louis, and consequently is just before me for the first time. I do not know what changes recent laws, particularly the last army bill passed, make in the relations between the general of the army and the Secretary of -War.<br > -<br > +War.<br> +<br> Not having this law or other statutes here, I cannot examine the subject now, nor would I want to without consultation with the Secretary of War. On our return to Washington I have no doubt but that the relations between the Secretary and yourself can be made pleasant, and the duties of each be so clearly defined as to leave no doubt where the authority of one leaves off and the other -commences.<br > -<br > +commences.<br> +<br> My own views, when commanding the army, were that orders to the army should go through the general. No changes should be made, however, either of the location of troops or officers, without the -knowledge of the Secretary of War.<br > -<br > +knowledge of the Secretary of War.<br> +<br> In peace, the general commanded them without reporting to the Secretary farther than he chose the specific orders he gave from time to time, but subjected himself to orders from the Secretary, @@ -36994,21 +37001,21 @@ the latter deriving his authority to give orders from the President. As Congress has the right, however, to make rules and regulations for the government of the army, rules made by them whether they are as they should be or not, will have to govern. As -before stated, I have not examined the recent law.<br > -<br > -Yours truly,<br > -<br > +before stated, I have not examined the recent law.<br> +<br> +Yours truly,<br> +<br> U. S. GRANT.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>To which I replied:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -OMAHA, NEBRASKA, September 2,1870.<br > -<br > -General U. S. GRANT, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>To which I replied:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +OMAHA, NEBRASKA, September 2,1870.<br> +<br> +General U. S. GRANT, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> DEAR GENERAL: I have received your most acceptable letter of August 18th, and assure you that I am perfectly willing to abide by any decision you may make. We had a most enthusiastic meeting at Des @@ -37017,23 +37024,23 @@ have concluded to go over to San Francisco to attend the annual celebration of the Pioneers, to be held on the 9th instant; from there I will make a short tour, aiming to get back to St. Louis by the 1st of October, and so on to Washington without unnecessary -delay.<br > -<br > +delay.<br> +<br> Conscious of the heavy burdens already on you, I should refrain from adding one ounce to your load of care, but it seems to me now is the time to fix clearly and plainly the field of duty for the Secretary of War and the commanding general of the army, so that we may escape the unpleasant controversy that gave so much scandal in General Scott's time, and leave to our successors a clear -field.<br > -<br > +field.<br> +<br> No matter what the result, I promise to submit to whatever decision you may make. I also feel certain that General Belknap thinks he is simply executing the law as it now stands, but I am equally certain that he does not interpret the law reviving the grade of general, and that fixing the "peace establishment" of 1868, as I construe -them.<br > -<br > +them.<br> +<br> For instance, I am supposed to control the discipline of the Military Academy as a part of the army, whereas General Belknap ordered a court of inquiry in the case of the colored cadet, made @@ -37041,25 +37048,25 @@ the detail, reviewed the proceedings, and made his order, without my knowing a word of it, except through the newspapers; and more recently, when I went to Chicago to attend to some division business, I found the inspector-general (Hardie) under orders from -the Secretary of War to go to Montana on some claim business.<br > -<br > +the Secretary of War to go to Montana on some claim business.<br> +<br> All I ask is that such orders should go through me. If all the staff-officers are subject to receive orders direct from the Secretary of War it will surely clash with the orders they may be in the act of executing from me, or from their immediate -commanders.<br > -<br > +commanders.<br> +<br> I ask that General Belknap draw up some clear, well-defined rules for my action, that he show them to me before publication, that I make on them my remarks, and then that you make a final decision. I -promise faithfully to abide by it, or give up my commission.<br > -<br > +promise faithfully to abide by it, or give up my commission.<br> +<br> Please show this to General Belknap, and I will be back early in -October. With great respect, your friend,<br > -<br > +October. With great respect, your friend,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>I did return about October 15th, saw President Grant, who said nothing had been done in the premises, but that he would bring General Belknap and me together and settle this matter. Matters @@ -37137,30 +37144,30 @@ an order to accomplish this result, which I answered on the 15th, expressing my entire satisfaction, only requesting delay in the publication of the orders till August or September, as I preferred to make the changes in the month of October.</p> -<p>On the 3d of September these orders were made:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > +<p>On the 3d of September these orders were made:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, WASHINGTON, September 8, -1874.<br > -<br > -General Orders No. 108.<br > -<br > +1874.<br> +<br> +General Orders No. 108.<br> +<br> With the assent of the President, and at the request of the General, the headquarters of the armies of the United States will be established at St. Louis, Missouri, in the month of October -next.<br > -<br > +next.<br> +<br> The regulations and orders now governing the functions of the General of the Army, and those in relation to transactions of business with the War Department and its bureaus, will continue in -force.<br > -<br > -By order of the Secretary of War:<br > -<br > +force.<br> +<br> +By order of the Secretary of War:<br> +<br> E. D. TOWNSEND, Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>Our daughter Minnie was married October 1, 1874, to Thomas W. Fitch, United States Navy, and we all forthwith packed up and regained our own house at St. Louis, taking an office on the corner @@ -37187,29 +37194,29 @@ had been appointed Secretary of War, and should insist on my immediate return to Washington. I answered that I was ready to go to Washington, or anywhere, if assured of decent treatment.</p> <p>I proceeded to Washington, when, on the 6th of April, were -published these orders:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -General Orders No. 28.<br > -<br > +published these orders:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +General Orders No. 28.<br> +<br> The following orders of the President of the United States are hereby promulgated for the information and guidance of all -concerned:<br > -<br > +concerned:<br> +<br> The headquarters of the army are hereby reestablished at Washington City, and all orders and instructions relative to military operations or affecting the military control and discipline of the army issued by the President through the Secretary of War, shall be promulgated through the General of the Army, and the departments of the Adjutant-General and the Inspector-General shall report to him, -and be under his control in all matters relating thereto.<br > -<br > -By order of the Secretary of War:<br > -<br > +and be under his control in all matters relating thereto.<br> +<br> +By order of the Secretary of War:<br> +<br> E. D. TOWNSEND, Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This was all I had ever asked; accordingly my personal staff were brought back to Washington, where we resumed our old places; only I did not, for some time, bring back the family, and then only @@ -37321,7 +37328,7 @@ the year 1884 retire from the command of the army, leaving him about an equal period of time for the highest office in the army. It so happened that Congress had meantime by successive "enactments" cut down the army to twenty-five thousand men, the -usual strength of a corps d'armee, the legitimate command of a +usual strength of a corps d'armée, the legitimate command of a lieutenant-general. Up to 1882 officers not disabled by wounds or sickness could only avail themselves of the privileges of retirement on application, after thirty years of service, at @@ -37379,15 +37386,15 @@ retirement, which actually resulted. The last two accompanied me to St. Louis, and remained with me to the end. Having previously accomplished the removal of my family to St. Louis, and having completed my last journey to the Pacific, I wrote the following -letter:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS ARMY UNITED STATES,<br > -WASHINGTON, D. C., October 8, 1883.<br > -<br > -Hon. R. T. LINCOLN, Secretary of War.<br > -<br > +letter:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS ARMY UNITED STATES,<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C., October 8, 1883.<br> +<br> +Hon. R. T. LINCOLN, Secretary of War.<br> +<br> SIR: By the act of Congress, approved June 30, 1882, all army-officers are retired on reaching the age of sixty-four years. If living, I will attain that age on the 8th day of February, 1884; @@ -37396,8 +37403,8 @@ necessary on my retirement, I have contemplated anticipating the event by several months, to enable the President to meet these changes at a more convenient season of the year, and also to enable my successor to be in office before the assembling of the next -Congress.<br > -<br > +Congress.<br> +<br> I therefore request authority to turn over the command of the army to Lieutenant-General Sheridan on the 1st day of November, 1883, and that I be ordered to my home at St. Louis, Missouri, there to @@ -37405,8 +37412,8 @@ await the date of my legal retirement; and inasmuch as for a long time I must have much correspondence about war and official matters, I also ask the favor to have with me for a time my two present aides-de-camp, Colonels J. E. Tourtelotte and J. M. -Bacon.<br > -<br > +Bacon.<br> +<br> The others of my personal staff, viz., Colonels O. M. Poe and J. C. Tidball, have already been assigned to appropriate duties in their own branches of the military service, the engineers and artillery. @@ -37415,48 +37422,48 @@ All should retain the rank and pay as aides-de-camp until February official reports, and believe I can surrender the army to my successor in good shape and condition, well provided in all respects, and distributed for the best interests of the -country.<br > -<br > +country.<br> +<br> I am grateful that my physical and mental-strength remain unimpaired by years, and am thankful for the liberal provision made by Congress for my remaining years, which will enable me to respond promptly to any call the President may make for my military service or judgment as long as I live. I have the honor to be your obedient -servant,<br > -<br > +servant,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>The answer was:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -WAR DEPARTMENT,<br > -WASHINGTON CITY, October 10, 1888.<br > -<br > -General W. T. SHERMAN, Washington, D. C.<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>The answer was:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +WAR DEPARTMENT,<br> +WASHINGTON CITY, October 10, 1888.<br> +<br> +General W. T. SHERMAN, Washington, D. C.<br> +<br> GENERAL: I have submitted to the President your letter of the 8th instant, requesting that you be relieved of the command of the army on the 1st of November next, as a more convenient time for making the changes in military commands which must follow your retirement from active service, than would be the date of your retirement -under the law.<br > -<br > +under the law.<br> +<br> In signifying his approval of your request, the President directs me to express to you his earnest hope that there may be given you many years of health and happiness in which to enjoy the gratitude of your fellow-citizens, well earned by your most distinguished -public services.<br > -<br > +public services.<br> +<br> It will give me pleasure to comply with your wishes respecting your -aides-de-camp, and the necessary orders will be duly issued.<br > -<br > -I have the honor to be, General, your obedient servant,<br > -<br > +aides-de-camp, and the necessary orders will be duly issued.<br> +<br> +I have the honor to be, General, your obedient servant,<br> +<br> ROBERT T. LINCOLN, Secretary of War.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>On the 27th day of October I submitted to the Secretary of War, the Hon. R. T. Lincoln, my last annual report, embracing among other valuable matters the most interesting and condensed report of @@ -37473,46 +37480,46 @@ orders, and the command of the Army of the United States passed from me to Lieutenant-General P. H. Sheridan, with as little ceremony as would attend the succession of the lieutenant-colonel of a regiment to his colonel about to take a leave of -absence:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br > -WASHINGTON, November 1, 1885.<br > -<br > -General Orders No. 77:<br > -<br > +absence:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br> +WASHINGTON, November 1, 1885.<br> +<br> +General Orders No. 77:<br> +<br> By and with the consent of the President, as contained in General Orders No. 71, of October 13, 1883, the undersigned relinquishes -command of the Army of the United States.<br > -<br > +command of the Army of the United States.<br> +<br> In thus severing relations which have hitherto existed between us, he thanks all officers and men for their fidelity to the high trust imposed on them during his official life, and will, in his retirement, watch with parental solicitude their progress upward in -the noble profession to which they have devoted their lives.<br > -<br > -W. T. SHERMAN, General.<br > -<br > -Official: R. C. DRUM, Adjutant-General.<br > -<br > -<br > -<br > -HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br > -WASHINGTON, November 1, 1885.<br > -<br > -General Orders No. 78:<br > -<br > +the noble profession to which they have devoted their lives.<br> +<br> +W. T. SHERMAN, General.<br> +<br> +Official: R. C. DRUM, Adjutant-General.<br> +<br> +<br> +<br> +HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY<br> +WASHINGTON, November 1, 1885.<br> +<br> +General Orders No. 78:<br> +<br> In obedience to orders of the President, promulgated in General Orders No. 71, October 13, 1883, from these headquarters, the undersigned hereby assumes command of the Army of the United -States....<br > -<br > -P. H. SHERIDAN, Lieutenant-General.<br > -<br > +States....<br> +<br> +P. H. SHERIDAN, Lieutenant-General.<br> +<br> Official: R. C. DRUM, adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>After a few days in which to complete my social visits, and after a short visit to my daughter, Mrs. A. M. Thackara, at Philadelphia, I quietly departed for St. Louis; and, as I hope, for @@ -37522,23 +37529,23 @@ initiated in Charleston Harbor in April, 1861.</p> <p>On the 8th day of February, 1884; I was sixty-four years of age, and therefore retired by the operation of the act of Congress, approved June 30, 1882; but the fact was gracefully noticed by -President Arthur in the following general orders:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE,<br > -WASHINGTON, February 8, 1984.<br > -<br > +President Arthur in the following general orders:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE,<br> +WASHINGTON, February 8, 1984.<br> +<br> The following order of the President is published to the -army:<br > -<br > -EXECUTIVE MANSION, February 8, 1884.<br > -<br > +army:<br> +<br> +EXECUTIVE MANSION, February 8, 1884.<br> +<br> General William T. Sherman, General of the Army, having this day reached the age of sixty-four years, is, in accordance with the law, placed upon the retired list of the army, without reduction in -his current pay and allowances.<br > -<br > +his current pay and allowances.<br> +<br> The announcement of the severance from the command of the army of one who has been for so many years its distinguished chief, can but awaken in the minds, not only of the army, but of the people of the @@ -37548,30 +37555,30 @@ lofty sense of duty has been a model for all soldiers since he first entered the army in July, 1840; and gratitude, freshly awakened, for the services of incalculable value rendered by him in the war for the Union, which his great military genius and daring -did so much to end.<br > -<br > +did so much to end.<br> +<br> The President deems this a fitting occasion to give expression, in this manner, to the gratitude felt toward General Sherman by his fellow-citizens, and to the hope that Providence may grant him many years of health and happiness in the relief from the active duties -of his profession.<br > -<br > -By order of the Secretary of War:<br > -<br > -CHESTER A. ARTHUR.<br > -<br > +of his profession.<br> +<br> +By order of the Secretary of War:<br> +<br> +CHESTER A. ARTHUR.<br> +<br> R. C. DRUM, Adjutant-General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > -<p>To which I replied:<br > -<br ></p> -<blockquote><br > -<br > -St. Louis, February 9, 1884.<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> +<p>To which I replied:<br> +<br></p> +<blockquote><br> +<br> +St. Louis, February 9, 1884.<br> +<br> His Excellency CHESTER A. ARTHUR, President of the United -States.<br > -<br > +States.<br> +<br> DEAR SIR: Permit me with a soldier's frankness to thank you personally for the handsome compliment bestowed in general orders of yesterday, which are reported in the journals of the day. To me @@ -37591,13 +37598,13 @@ our day have carried safely through one epoch of danger, but which may yet be subjected to other trials, which may demand similar sacrifices, equal fidelity and courage, and a larger measure of intelligence. Again thanking you for so marked a compliment, and -reciprocating the kind wishes for the future,<br > -<br > -I am, with profound respect, your friend and servant,<br > -<br > +reciprocating the kind wishes for the future,<br> +<br> +I am, with profound respect, your friend and servant,<br> +<br> W. T. SHERMAN, General.</blockquote> -<br > -<br > +<br> +<br> <p>This I construe as the end of my military career. In looking back upon the past I can only say, with millions of others, that I have done many things I should not have done, and have left undone @@ -37611,8 +37618,8 @@ as</p> <p>And all the men and women merely players,"</p> </blockquote> <p>I claim the privilege to ring down the curtain.</p> -<p>W. T. SHERMAN, General.<br > -<br ></p> +<p>W. T. SHERMAN, General.<br> +<br></p> <div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 4361 ***</div> </body> |