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@@ -1,37 +1,4 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pittsburgh in 1816, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Pittsburgh in 1816 - Compiled by the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh on the One - Hundredth Anniversary of the Granting of the City Charter - -Author: Various - -Release Date: July 20, 2013 [EBook #43259] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PITTSBURGH IN 1816 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43259 *** [Illustration: Crest] @@ -1831,7 +1798,7 @@ Asbury preached on the foundation of it. His journal says: 'Preached on the foundation of the new chapel to about five hundred souls. I spoke again at 5 o'clock to about twice as many. The society here is lively and increasing in numbers.' The building was a plain brick -structure, 30 x 40 feet. We do not know certainly when it was +structure, 30 × 40 feet. We do not know certainly when it was completed, but probably in the autumn of 1810. In this church the society continued to worship in peace and @@ -3265,361 +3232,4 @@ memory behind!" _Gazette, Jan. 14, 1817._ End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pittsburgh in 1816, by Various -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PITTSBURGH IN 1816 *** - -***** This file should be named 43259.txt or 43259.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/3/2/5/43259/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Pittsburgh in 1816 - Compiled by the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh on the One - Hundredth Anniversary of the Granting of the City Charter - -Author: Various - -Release Date: July 20, 2013 [EBook #43259] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PITTSBURGH IN 1816 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -[Illustration: Crest] - -[Illustration: PITTSBURGH IN 1817 - -From a sketch made by Mrs. E. C. Gibson, wife of James Gibson of -the Philadelphia bar, while on their wedding tour.] - - -PITTSBURGH IN 1816 - - -COMPILED BY THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH ON THE ONE -HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GRANTING OF THE CITY CHARTER - -[Illustration: 181] - -PITTSBURGH -CARNEGIE LIBRARY -1916 - - - - -Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been -corrected without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies -in the text have been retained as printed. Words printed -in italics are noted with underscores: _italics_. - - - - -Preface - - -This little book will interest the Pittsburgher of 1916 chiefly -because the parts and pieces of which it is made were written by men -who were living here or who passed this way in 1816. - -The three newspapers of the day--the Gazette, the Mercury, and the -Commonwealth--have furnished, though somewhat sparingly, the items of -local news. They have also furnished advertisements--these in greater -abundance and variety. - -The men who were the tourists of the day in America, traveling by -stage, wagon, boat, or on horseback, often made Pittsburgh a stopping -place in their journey. Many of them wrote books, in which may be -found two or three pages, or a chapter, on the city as it appeared at -that time. It is from these books that the section "Impressions of -early travelers" has been gathered. The date given with these extracts -is the date of publication, but the period referred to in every case -is between 1815 and 1817. - -In addition to these gleanings from contemporaries, a number of -paragraphs from various histories of the city have been included. - -The sketches that have thus been bought together do not form a -systematic or well proportioned description of the city; yet they may -help, through their vivid pictures and first-hand impressions, to give -some idea of life in Pittsburgh a century ago. - - - - -Table of Contents - - - Page - -THE NEW CITY 7 - -IMPRESSIONS OF EARLY TRAVELERS 13 - -UNITED STATES CENSUS 20 - -BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIES 21 - -TRAVELING EASTWARD 26 - -TAVERNS 30 - -STEAMBOATS AND RIVER TRAFFIC 31 - -FERRIES AND BRIDGES 40 - -THE NEWSPAPERS 42 - -CHURCHES 44 - -SCHOOLS 48 - -LIBRARIES 50 - -THE NEW BOOKS OF 1816 51 - -THE THEATRE 52 - -THE MORALS EFFICIENCY SOCIETY OF 1816 55 - -FOURTH OF JULY, 1816 55 - -POLICE 55 - -EAGLE FIRE COMPANY 56 - -WATER-SUPPLY 56 - -BANKS 57 - -POST-OFFICE 59 - -THE SUBURBS 60 - -COURTS 61 - -COUNTY ELECTIONS 61 - -THE STATE LEGISLATURE 62 - -SLAVERY 63 - -ADVERTISEMENTS FROM THE NEWSPAPERS OF 1816 64 - -1816 75 - - - - -The New City - - - A MEETING - OF THE - DEMOCRATICK REPUBLICANS - OF THE - CITY OF PITTSBURGH, - -will be held at the house of Captain Jacob Carmack, (sign of the -_Turk's Head_, Wood-street,) this _evening_ (Tuesday June 25,) at 7 -o'clock for the purpose of forming a _ticket_ for the select and -common Councils of the City of Pittsburgh. - - _Commonwealth, June 25, 1816._ - - -City Election - -A number of respectable citizens, desirous of preserving that harmony -which has for several years past, so happily prevailed in the borough -councils, and which is so essential to the prosperity of our infant -city, have formed the following Ticket. They recommend it to the cool, -dispassionate considerations of their fellow citizens; and they -flatter themselves, that it will, on the day of the election, meet -with a firm and honorable support. It is formed, as tickets of the -kind ought to be, without respect to party. There can exist no -possible ground for the absurdity, that party feuds and animosity -should be called up on occasions like the present. Every consideration -of public interest, and of the peace and good order of the city, -forbids it.--Our city is as yet in its infancy.--Its government is to -be organized, its ordinances framed, its police established, and its -general policy devised. - -In accomplishing these important objects, great prudence, -deliberation, forbearance, and the _undivided support of all classes -of the citizens_, are essentially necessary. Hence arises the -necessity of checking, in the bud, any and every attempt, coming from -whatever quarter it may, which would have a tendency to sow disunion -and distrust among the people. Actuated by these reasons, the -following ticket is recommended to the free and independent voters. -Their aid and co-operation is solicited in checking the evils which -may arise out of party feuds. The gentlemen composing the ticket here -recommended, have been chosen with due regard to their local -situations; they are respectable in private life; they are well -qualified for discharging the duties which will devolve upon them as -members of the councils, and are all deeply interested in the growth, -prosperity, and good order of the infant city. - - SELECT COUNCIL - - John Wrenshall, - Benj. Bakewell, - James Ross, - Thomas Cromwell, - John Hannen, - E. Pentland, - Dr. Geo. Stevenson, - George Shiras, - Robert Patterson. - - COMMON COUNCIL - - James Lea, - Walter Forward, - John Lyttle, - Alex: Johnston, jr., - Geo. Miltenberger, - James Irwin, - Richard Bowen, - Mark Stackhouse, - John W. Johnston, - Paul Anderson, - John P. Skelton, - George Boggs, - James R. Butler, - John Caldwell, - George Evans. - - _Mercury, June 29, 1816._ - -"Voters supported or opposed a candidate entirely according to their -personal preferences. There were few newspapers and no political -oratory to sway public sentiment. The United States was then passing -through the 'era of good feeling,' which was renowned mainly for the -absence of all political asperities. Had any question arisen which was -fraught with political significance to the voters of this section the -expression in and around Pittsburg would undoubtedly have been -Democratic or in opposition to the Federalist doctrine. It took -Pittsburg people a long time to forget that the excise tax, which -brought about the Whiskey Insurrection, was a Federalist measure. The -first question which arose to divide the people in bitter dispute came -with the election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1828." -_Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -City Election - -The first Election under the Act Incorporating the City of Pittsburgh, -was held on Tuesday last, when the following gentlemen were elected: - - SELECT COUNCIL - - James Ross, - Dr. Geo. Stevenson, - William Hays, - John Roseburgh, - Samuel Douglas, - James Irwin, - Mark Stackhouse, - William Leckey, - Richard Geary. - - COMMON COUNCIL - - William Wilkins, - James R. Butler, - John P. Shelton, - A. Johnston, Jr., - James S. Stevenson, - James Brown, (B.) - Paul Anderson, - John W. Johnston, - George Evans, - John Caldwell, - Richard Robinson, - Thomas M'Kee, - Daniel Hunter, - John Carson, - John W. Trembly. - - _Commonwealth, July 9, 1816._ - - -The New Mayor - - Ebenezer Denny, esq. has been elected mayor of the city of - Pittsburgh, _Ohio_.--This gentleman we believe is from - Massachusetts and is highly respected for his integrity and - patriotism. _Boston Yankee._ - -We congratulate the editor of the Yankee upon the knowledge of men and -places, exhibited in the foregoing article. It has been a custom at -the Eastward to censure and burlesque the people of Western -Pennsylvania on account of their ignorance. Let the editor of the -Yankee now blush at his own. Could it be believed that any man of -common geographical knowledge--or who could have referred to Dr. Morse -for information, (for on this subject _even Dr. Morse_ is correct) -would have located Pittsburgh--a city containing ten thousand -inhabitants--possessing a manufacturing capital of many -millions--having three banking institutions, and a commerce extending -to every part of the union--a place which has long been considered the -emporium of the West, and which makes a more conspicuous figure in -books of travels than even the Town of Notions itself;--could it, we -ask, be believed, that such a place should be so little known or -thought of in the town of Boston, as to be located in the state of -Ohio? Mayor Denny possesses all the virtues that are attributed to him -by the Yankee, and many more, that render him an ornament to the -station to which he has been elected;--but he does not boast an -ancestry in the land of _steady habits_, the seat of _Hartford -Convention politics_. He is a native of Carlisle, in this state. -_Commonwealth, Aug. 6, 1816._ - - -From the Ordinances of 1816 - - -Traffic Rules - -"From and after the publication of this ordinance, all and every -driver or drivers of all coaches, chariots, caravans, waggons, -phaetons, chaises, chairs, solos, sleighs, carts, drays, and other -carriages of burthen and pleasure, driving and passing in and through -the streets, lanes and alleys of the City of Pittsburgh, where there -is room sufficient for two to pass, shall keep on that side of street, -lane or alley, on his or their right hand respectively, in the passing -direction." - -"No person whatsoever shall sit or stand in or upon any such carriage -or on any horse or beast harnessed thereto, in order to drive the -same, unless he shall have strong lines or reins fastened to the -bridles of his beasts, and held in his hands, sufficient to guide them -in the manner aforesaid, and restrain them from running, galloping, or -going at immoderate rates through the said streets, lanes or alleys; -and ... no person whatsoever, driving any such carriage or riding upon -any horse, mare or gelding, in or through the said city, shall permit -or suffer the beast or beasts he shall so drive or ride, to go in a -gallop or other immoderate gait, so as to endanger persons standing or -walking in the streets, lanes or alleys thereof; and ... all porters -... having the care of any such carriages ... who shall not hold the -reins in their hands ... shall walk by the head of the shaft or wheel -horse, holding or within reach of the bridle or halter of said horse." - - -Shade Trees - -"It shall be lawful to plant on the bank of the Monongahela river, -ornamental shade trees, provided the same do not incommode the -passage; that they be set on the side of the street next to the water, -and so as not to stop or obstruct the passage of water along the -gutters; and so that the roots will not injure or raise the -pavement:--when any of these injurious effects are produced, such -trees then become a nusance, and the street commissioners shall -forthwith remove the same." - - -Fire Protection - -"A premium of ten dollars, to be paid on a warrant to be drawn by the -Mayor on the city treasurer, shall be given to the fire company whose -engine shall be first on the ground in fair operation, and in good -order, in cases of fire; and the Mayor shall have power to determine -all questions as to this premium." - - -New Streets - -An ordinance respecting sundry new streets in the eastern addition to -Pittsburgh. - -"That Third-street extending from Grant-street to Try-street, and -Fourth, extended in a direct line from Grant-street to Try-street; and -Diamond-street extending from Ross-street to the lane leading -eastwardly from the end of Fourth-street, and Ross-street extended -from Third-street to Diamond-street, and Try-street extended from -Third-street to the lane leading eastwardly from the end of -Fourth-street, be and they are hereby accepted and declared to be -public streets and highways of the city ... and all those streets -shall be kept, repaired and maintained for public use, at public -expense forever hereafter." - - -For the Public Good - -"If the chimney of any person or persons within the ... city shall -take fire and blaze out at the top, the same not having been swept -within the space of one calendar month, next before the time of taking -such fire, every such person or persons, shall forfeit and pay the sum -of three dollars." - -"No stove pipe within the ... city shall project through the front -door, front windows, front wall, or past the front corners of any -house, shop or building, over or out upon any street, square or alley, -or public ground of the ... city; and if any stove pipe shall so -project as aforesaid, the same is hereby declared to be a public -nusance, and as such shall be removed, and a fine of five dollars also -imposed on the person or persons who shall so offend." - -"If any person or persons, shall wilfully suffer his, her or their -horse or horses, mare, gelding, mule, ox, hog or hogs, to run at large -in the ... city, he, she or they so offending, shall for each offence, -on conviction thereof, forfeit and pay for each of the said animals so -running at large, the sum of one dollar." - -"If any person or persons shall, within the said city, beat a drum, or -without lawful authority, ring any public bell, after sunset, or at -any time except in lawful defence of person or property, discharge any -gun or fire arms, or play at or throw any metal or stone bullet, or -make a bon-fire, or raise or create any false alarm of fire, he, she, -or they so offending, shall for every such offence, on conviction -thereof, forfeit and pay the sum of four dollars." - -"City appropriation for filling up a part of the pond on Sixth street, -between Cherry alley and Grant street--thirty dollars." _Commonwealth, -Nov. 19, 1816._ - - - - -Impressions of Early Travelers - - -"_Fort du Quesne_, built by the French, formerly stood here; its site -has almost disappeared in the Ohio. The remains of Fort Pitt (from -whence the town has its name) are very faint; we can yet perceive part -of the ditch, its salient angles and bastions, &c., but several -houses, stores, and a brewhouse, are built on the ground." _Palmer's -Journal of travels in the United States and Canada, 1817._ - - -"Although Pittsburg, a few years since, was surrounded by Indians, it -is now a curiosity to see any there; a few traders sometimes come down -the Alleghany, with seneca oil, &c." _Palmer's Journal of travels in -the United States, 1818._ - - -"_Pittsburgh_ was hidden from our view, until we descended through the -hills within half a mile of the _Allegany river_. Dark dense smoke was -rising from many parts, and a hovering cloud of this vapour, obscuring -the prospect, rendered it singularly gloomy. Indeed, it reminded me of -the smoking logs of a new field." _Thomas's Travels through the -western country in 1816._ - - -"A mixture of all nations, though principally Americans; there are -Irish, Scotch, English, French, Dutch, Swiss, etc.... The character of -the people is that of enterprising and persevering industry; every man -to his business is the prevailing maxim, there is therefore little -time devoted to amusements or to the cultivation of refined social -pleasures. Strangers are not much pleased with the place in point of -hospitality merely, but those who have business to transact, will meet -with as many facilities as elsewhere. They are of all denominations of -the Christian religion; many of them attentive on the duties of their -worship, and but few addicted to gross vices and dissipation. Luxury, -pomp and parade are scarcely seen; there are perhaps, not more than -one or two carriages in the place. There is a public academy, but not -in a flourishing state, where the Latin and Greek classics are taught. -There are besides, a number of English schools where children are -taught to read, write, arithmetic, grammar, etc. There is a seminary -for young ladies, which is said to be well conducted. The amusements -of these industrious people are not numerous, a few balls during the -winter season; there is also a small theatre where a company from the -eastern cities sometimes performs. A society has been formed for the -purpose of natural improvement in the different departments of natural -history, and is flourishing; it has attached to it a circulating -library, a cabinet of curiosities and chemical laboratory." _Cramer's -Navigator, 1817._ - - -"The first buildings of Pittsburg were of logs, some of which were -unhewn; then came rude stone structures made from material quarried -nearby, and these in turn were followed by brick buildings, for with -an abundance of clay and fuel, it was an easy matter to burn brick. In -none of them was there any attempt at architectural beauty. Most of -them consisted of four square walls, with small windows and doors, -thus displaying every evidence of economy. The interior finish of the -early houses displayed more taste and beauty than the exterior, for it -was easier to carve and fashion in wood than in stone.... Nevertheless -there was a beauty in the simplicity of the walls that gradually -developed a style which in modern days is called Colonial -architecture, and which even yet predominates in Pittsburg." -_Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -"In 1815 the buildings of a public character were 'a handsome octagon -Episcopal church, a handsome and spacious Presbyterian church, also a -Covenanters, German Lutheran and Roman Catholic church, and an -Academy, all of brick;' a court house, jail, three incorporated banks, -a dramatic theatre, a Masonic hall, three market houses, one in the -Diamond and two in Second street. Both the court house and market -house in the public square, called the Diamond, were built of brick, -and some of the mercantile and financial buildings were of a -substantial character." _Killikelly's History of Pittsburgh._ - - -"When this city and vicinity was surveyed by the author of this -treatise, in October, 1815, there were in Pittsburg 960 dwelling -houses, and in the suburbs, villages, and immediate outskirts, about -300 more, making in all 1260, and including inhabitants, workmen in -the manufactories, and labourers, upwards of 12,000 inhabitants." -_Darby's Emigrant's guide, 1818._ - - -"Grant's-hill, an abrupt eminence which projects into the rear of the -city, affords one of the most delightful prospects with which I am -acquainted; presenting a singular combination of the bustle of the -town, with the solitude and sweetness of the country. How many hours -have I spent here, in the enjoyment of those exquisite sensations -which are awakened by pleasing associations and picturesque scenes! -The city lay beneath me, enveloped in smoke--the clang of hammers -resounded from its numerous manufactories--the rattling of carriages -and the hum of men were heard from its streets--churches, courts, -hotels, and markets, and all the 'pomp and circumstance' of busy life, -were presented in one panoramic view. Behind me were all the silent -soft attractions of rural sweetness--the ground rising gradually for a -considerable distance, and exhibiting country seats, surrounded with -cultivated fields, gardens, and orchards." _Hall's Letters from the -West, 1828._ - - -"Pittsburg is a considerable town, generally built of brick.... The -site is romantic and delightful. It is well known as a manufacturing -place, and once almost supplied the lower country with a variety of -the most necessary and important manufactures. But the wealth, -business, and glory of this place are fast passing away, transferred -to Cincinnati, to Louisville, and other places on the Ohio. Various -causes have concurred to this result; but especially the -multiplication of steam-boats, and the consequent facility of -communication with the Atlantic ports by the Mississippi. There is -little prospect of the reverse of this order of things. The national -road, terminating at Wheeling, contributes to this decay of -Pittsburg." _Flint's Recollections of the last ten years, 1826._ - - -"It is laid out in strait streets, forty and fifty feet wide, having -foot-walks on each side. Watch-boxes are placed at convenient -distances, and the police of the city (except in lighting) is well -regulated. From the number of manufactures, and the inhabitants -burning coal, the buildings have not that clean appearance so -conspicuous in most American towns. The houses are frame and brick, in -the principal street three story high. - -"Outside of the town, some log houses yet remain. The number of -inhabitants in 1810, was 4768; they are supposed to be now near 8000. -The manufactures, carried on in the neighbourhood, out of the borough, -employ many hundred people. The inhabitants, are Americans, Irish, and -English. The Americans are most of them of German and Irish descent. -The public buildings are a jail, fort Fayette barracks, a court house, -market house, bank, and several churches." _Palmer's Journal of -travels in the United States, 1818._ - - -"The adjoining hills contain inexhaustible quarries of sand rock, -suitable for grindstones; and several establishments, for the -manufacture of these useful articles, are extensively conducted. As no -marble is brought hither, except from the neighbourhood of -_Philadelphia_, those quarries also supply the citizens with -gravestones. Near _Breakneck_, I noted that _mica_ was contained in -the sand rock and this singular addition is also found here, in all -the strata of that stone which I have seen." _Thomas's Travels through -the western country in 1816._ - - -"_6 mo. 14._--Having been detained, day after day longer than we -expected, this morning about sunrise, we left Pittsburgh with all the -joy of a bird which escapes from its cage. - - 'From the tumult, and smoke of the city set free,' - -we were ferried over the Monongahela, with elated spirits; and I -repeated that line in Montgomery, with an emphasis, which it never -before seemed to require." _Thomas's Travels through the western -country in 1816._ - - -"There are a considerable number of free negroes in the city. Whilst -here, we saw a funeral attended by these people; sixty or seventy -couple, two and two in the manner of the Philadelphians." _Palmer's -Journal of travels in the United States, 1818._ - - -"The inhabitants of Pittsburg are fond of music; in our evening walks, -we were sure to hear performers on the violin, clarionet, flute, and -occasionally the piano-forte. Concerts are not unusual. The houses of -the principal streets have benches in front, on which the family and -neighbours sit and enjoy the placidity of their summer evenings." -_Palmer's Journal of travels in the United States and Canada, 1817._ - - -"If the inhabitants of Pittsburgh are determined to call that place -after some English town, I should propose that, instead of the -'American Birmingham,' it be denominated, with relation of the -humidity of its climate, 'the American Manchester;' for I remained at -this place several days, during which time the rain never ceased. The -smoke is also extreme, giving to the town and its inhabitants a very -sombre aspect; but an English medical gentleman who has resided here -some years, informs me that there is not a more healthy place in the -United States." _Fearon's Sketches of America, 1818._ - - -"The streets of Pittsburgh are lighted, and consequently the useful -order of watchmen is established. My ears, however, have not become -reconciled to their music. It is true, I have been more conversant in -forests than in cities, and may not comprehend the advantages of these -deep-mouthed tones; but breaking the slumbers of the invalid, and -giving timely notice to the thief, form two items of much weight in my -view as a set off against them. - -Pittsburgh is laid out to front both rivers; but as these do not -approach at right angles, the streets intersect each other obliquely. - -It is not a well built city. The south-west part is the most compact, -but many years must elapse before it will resemble Philadelphia. -Wooden buildings, interspersed with those of brick, mar the beauty of -its best streets; and as few of these are paved, mud, in showery -weather, becomes abundant. A short period, however, will probably -terminate this inconvenience." _Thomas's Travels through the western -country in 1816._ - - -"In October, 1816, a resolution was passed permitting a Mr. Gray to -exhibit a panoramic view of the naval engagement on Lake Champlain and -the battle of Plattsburg without a license or other tax, owing to 'the -patriotic nature and worthy object of the exhibit.' In November, 1816, -a committee was appointed to inquire whether it was expedient for the -city to possess for public purposes more ground than it then did, and -whether it would be expedient at that time to purchase ground upon -which to erect buildings. In December a resolution introduced by Mr. -Wilkins provided for the appointment of a special committee to make a -detailed report upon the condition of the manufactures of Pittsburg, -which resolution was adopted; whereupon the following committee was -appointed: Benjamin Bakewell, Aquila M. Bolton and James Arthurs.... -The city councils at this time also sent agents to Harrisburg and -Washington to labor specially in the interests of public roads in the -Western country. In 1816 Northern Liberties was laid out by George A. -Bayard and James Adams." _Wilson's History of Pittsburg._ - - -"The price of property has increased in the most surprising manner -within the last ten years; it is now at least ten times as high as it -was at that period. There are but few sales of lots in fee simple, the -custom is to let on perpetual lease; the price in Market and Wood -streets, varies from ten to twenty dollars per foot, and in the other -streets from four to eight, and in particular situations still higher. -The rents are equally high. In Market, Wood and Water streets, the -principal places of business, it is difficult to procure a common room -in an upper story, under one hundred dollars per annum; the rent of -stores, vary from three to five hundred dollars; there is one -warehouse which rents for twelve hundred; the rent of tavern stands, -is from five to twelve hundred dollars. The rent of dwelling houses -varies much, according to the locality and kind of the tenement; a -genteel private family can scarcely obtain a good dwelling under three -or four hundred dollars." _Cramer's Navigator, 1817._ - - -"Provisions of all kinds bring a high price in this city though the -_market_ is fluctuating. Hay, at present is twenty dollars a ton, and -oats one dollar per bushel. Butter varies from twenty-five to -seventy-five cents per pound. The farmers of this neighbourhood, -however, produce neither cheese or pork, that merits a notice. The -former of these articles is chiefly obtained from the state of Ohio, -and bacon, procured from Kentucky, is now retailed at sixteen or -seventeen cents per pound. - -Before the late war, this market was distinguished for its cheapness; -but with an influx of strangers, induced by the movements of that -period, '_war prices_' commenced; and though peace has returned--and -though many of those new comers have sought their former places of -residence,--the encouragements held out to the farmer, suffers no -diminution. Indeed, there are great inducements for the _industrious_ -to migrate hither. Though the soil is uneven, it is far from being -sterile; and exclusive of salubrity of situation, and of durable -timber for fences, the coal mines, which pervade almost every hill, -constitute treasures of great value. - -Farms round this city, at the distance of two or three miles have been -lately sold from fifty to one hundred dollars an acre, according to -situation." _Thomas's Travels through the western country in 1816._ - - -"We remark much difference between the manners of the inhabitants of -this country and those of Cayuga. In that place, profane language is -rarely heard from any person, who pretends to decency, except in a -paroxysm of vexation. Here it is an every day amusement. Crossing the -Monongahela, in the ferry-boat, with an intelligent gentleman of -polished manners, I was shocked and surprised to hear almost every -sentence from his lips interlarded with an oath or an imprecation; yet -he was in gay good humour, and, I believe, unconscious of this breach -of decorum. - -It would be unjust not to express my belief, that honourable -exceptions to these censures are numerous; but impiety certainly -constitutes a strong characteristic of no inconsiderable part of this -people.... - -I have remarked with regret the impiety of some of these citizens; but -we think, that generally, they are entitled to much praise for -obliging and courteous behaviour. Civility to strangers, in a high -degree, even pervades their factories; and in all those which I have -visited, the mean practice of permitting children to ask the -spectators for money, appears to be unknown." _Thomas's Travels -through the western country in 1816._ - - -"Except the gratifying reflection arising from the review of so much -plastic industry, Pittsburg is by no means a pleasant city to a -stranger. The constant volumes of smoke preserve the atmosphere in a -continued cloud of coal dust. In October, 1815, by a reduced -calculation, at least 2000 bushels of that fuel was consumed daily, on -a space of about two and a quarter square miles. To this is added a -scene of activity, that reminds the spectator that he is within a -commercial port, though 300 miles from the sea. - -Several good inns, and many good taverns, are scattered over the city; -but often, from the influx of strangers, ready accommodation is found -difficult to procure. Provisions of every kind abound; two markets are -held weekly." _Darby's Emigrant's guide, 1818._ - - -"The published accounts of this city are so exaggerated and out of all -reason, that strangers are usually disappointed on visiting it. This, -however, was not my case. I have been in some measure tutored in -American gasconade. When I am told that at a particular hotel there is -_handsome_ accommodation, I expect that they are one remove from very -bad; if '_elegant_ entertainment,' I anticipate tolerable; if a person -is 'a _clever_ man,' that he is not absolutely a fool; and if a -manufactory is the '_first in the world_,' I expect, and have -generally found, about six men and three boys employed." _Fearon's -Sketches of America, 1818._ - - -"As every blessing has its attendant evil, the stone coal is -productive of considerable inconvenience from the smoke which -overhangs the town, and descends in fine dust which blackens every -object; even snow can scarcely be called white in Pittsburgh. The -persons and dress of the inhabitants, in the interior of the houses as -well as the exterior, experience its effect. The tall steeple of the -court house, was once painted white, but alas! how changed. Yet all -this might be prevented by some additional expense on the construction -of the chimnies. In the English manufacturing towns, a fine is imposed -upon those who do not consume their smoke. Incalculable would be the -advantage to this place, could such a regulation be adopted." -_Cramer's Navigator, 1817._ - - -"Upon the whole, I consider Pittsburgh, in every point of view, to be -a very important town; and have no doubt, although its prosperity is -now at a stand, and property if not declining, is not increasing in -value, that it will _gradually advance_; and that the time must come -when it will be an extensive and very populous city. The present -population is 10,000, made up from all nations, and, of course, not -free from the vices of each: this indeed is but too apparent upon a -very short residence." _Fearon's Sketches of America, 1818._ - - - - -United States Census - - - 1810 1820 - - United States 7,239,903 9,637,999 - Pennsylvania 810,091 1,049,449 - Allegheny county 25,317 34,921 - Pittsburgh 4,768 7,248 - - - - -Business and Industries - - -"In 1813 there were five glass factories, three foundries, a new edge -tool factory, Cowan's New Rolling Mill, a new lock factory built by -Patterson, two steam engine and boiler works, one steel factory and a -goodly number of small concerns manufacturing various articles. In -1817 the city councils appointed a committee to collect and publish a -list of all the large factories in the city. This was done perhaps to -let the world know of the industry and thrift of Pittsburg, and is -valuable because it is an official list and is to be relied upon. It -must also be remembered that these figures represented the industries -of Pittsburg when barely emerging from the panic of 1815-17, a -financial depression that has scarcely been equalled in Western -Pennsylvania in all its history." _Boucher's Century and a half of -Pittsburg._ - - -"There are many good stores in Pittsburg, and a great trade is carried -on with Philadelphia, Baltimore, and the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio, -Kentucky, &c.; exclusive of the carrying trade, and the number of -boats that are always proceeding down the Ohio, with vast quantities -of foreign merchandize, destined to Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, -Indiana, &c. The inhabitants send up the Alleghany, Monongahela, and -their forks, whisky, cyder, bacon, apples, iron, and castings, glass -and foreign merchandize; in return they receive many thousand bushels -of salt from Onondago, and immense rafts from Alleghany and French -creeks. The quantity of rafts imported into Pittsburg annually, is -computed at 4,000,000 feet; average nine dollars per 1000 feet." -_Palmer's Journal of travels in the United States and Canada, 1817._ - - -"The state of trade is at present dull; but that there is a great deal -of business done must be evident from the quantity of 'dry goods' and -'grocery stores,' many of the proprietors of which have stocks as -heavy as the majority of London retail dealers. They are literally -stuffed with goods of English manufacture, consisting of articles of -the most varied kind, from a man's coat or lady's gown, down to a whip -or an oyster knife." _Fearon's Sketches of America, 1818._ - -"It is difficult to form a judgment whether there is an opening in any -of the present established businesses. One fact strongly in favour of -the stability of this town is, _that there has not been a bankruptcy -in it for three years!!!_ a singular contrast this with New York, in -which the last published list of insolvents contained upwards of 400 -names." _Fearon's Sketches of America, 1818._ - - -"The principal manufacturing establishments are, a steam grist-mill, -steam engine factory, slitting-mill, to which is attached a nail -factory, the first of the kind in America; a cannon foundery, air -furnace, cotton and woollen factories, two potteries, three breweries, -&c.--There are four printing-offices, and two bookstores. A complete -description of this interesting town would fill a volume." _Brown's -Western gazetteer, 1817._ - - -"Two cotton factories, one woollen factory, one paper mill, two saw -mills, and one flour mill, are all moved by steam, in this city and in -its suburbs across the Monongahela. Four glass factories, two for -flint, and two for green, are very extensive; and the productions of -the former for elegance of workmanship, are scarcely surpassed by -European manufacture. It is sent in many directions from this place; -one of the proprietors assured us that Philadelphia receives a part, -but the great outlet is down the Ohio." _Thomas's Travels through the -western country in 1816._ - - -"Some of the ... manufactories may be denominated first-rate. This -remark applies particularly to the nail, steam-engine (high pressure) -and glass establishments. I was astonished to witness such perfection -on this side of the Atlantic, and especially in that part of America -which a New Yorker supposes to be at the farther end of the world. - -At Messrs. Page and Bakewell's glass warehouse I saw chandeliers and -numerous articles in cut glass of a very splendid description; among -the latter was a pair of decanters, cut from a London pattern, the -price of which will be eight guineas. It is well to bear in mind that -the demand for these articles of elegant luxury lies in _the Western -States!_ the inhabitants of Eastern America being still importers from -the 'Old Country.'" _Fearon's Sketches of America, 1818._ - - -"The glass establishment of Bakewell, Page & Bakewell was founded in -1808 and the building erected in 1811, on Water Street, above Grant, -and, from the start, was devoted exclusively to the manufacture of -white or flint glass. So excellent was the article produced that the -manufacturers attained a fame, not only in all parts of the United -States, but in Mexico and in many parts of Europe. No finer product -could be found anywhere. If a stranger of prominence visited -Pittsburgh he was taken with certainty to Bakewell's glasshouse." -_Wilson's History of Pittsburg._ - - -"Perhaps of all the wonders of Pittsburg, the greatest is the glass -factories. About twenty years have elapsed since the first glass-house -was erected in that town, and at this moment every kind of glass, from -a porter bottle or window pane, to the most elegant cut crystal glass, -are now manufactured. There are four large glass-houses, in which are -now manufactured, at least, to the amount of 200,000 dollars -annually." _Darby's Emigrant's guide, 1818._ - - -"Walter Forward, the great lawyer of Pittsburg in his day, had -addressed a large audience in the court house on December 28, 1816. In -speaking of the rapidly growing iron business of Pittsburg, he said, -that the iron interests were then consuming about 1800 tons of pig -iron; that the business employed about 150 hands, and the product was -valued at $250,000. Of wrought iron there was annually worked up about -2000 tons, the products from which were, according to the best -estimates, worth about $1,300,000." _Boucher's Century and a half of -Pittsburg._ - - -"The first furnace or foundry in the town which had a permanent -existence was established in 1803 by Joseph McClurg. This was the -celebrated Fort Pitt foundry.... Here were cast cannon that boomed -over Lake Erie in the war of 1812 and thundered before Mexico in 1847. -A large part of Commodore Perry's equipment came from here." _Magazine -of western history, 1885._ - - -"The first rolling mill of Pittsburg was built by a Scotch-Irishman in -1811 and 1812. It was called the Pittsburg Rolling Mill.... This -extensive mill stood on the corner of Penn street and Cecil alley, and -is referred to by early writers as the Stackpole and Whiting mill. -They were two Boston iron workers named respectively William Stackpole -and Ruggles Whiting. They introduced nail cutting machines which both -cut and headed the nails. They operated the mill during the hard times -which followed the War of 1812, and strange to say, failed financially -in 1819, when business of all kinds had somewhat revived." _Boucher's -Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -"The slitting and rolling mill, together with the nail factory of -_Stackpole & Whiting_, is moved by a steam engine of seventy-horse -power. These we visited with much satisfaction. On entering the -south-west door, the eye catches the majestic swing of the beam; and -at the same instant, nine nailing-machines, all in rapid motion, burst -on the view. Bewildered by the varying velocity of so many new -objects, we stand astonished at this sublime effort of human -ingenuity." _Thomas's Travels through the western country in 1816._ - - -"At the close of the first quarter of the nineteenth century Pittsburg -had surpassed all other parts of the West in the production of nails. -A patent nail machine had been introduced extensively, and it had -revolutionized the manufacture. Some of the factories were built in -connection with the rolling mills." _Boucher's Century and a half of -Pittsburg._ - - -"The first rope-walk erected west of the Allegheny Mountains, was -established in Pittsburgh in 1794, and was located on the ground now -occupied by the Monongahela House. The business was carried on by Col. -John Irwin and wife.... - -Immediately following the death of Col. Irwin, Mrs. Irwin gave her son -an interest in the business; and it was carried on under the name and -style of Mary and John Irwin. - -In the year 1795 the works were removed to the square bounded by -Liberty, Third, and Fourth Streets and Redoubt Alley. In view of the -increasing demand for their products, and confined limits of this -locality, the walk was removed in 1812 to the bank of the Allegheny -River between Marbury Street and the point, where the entire rigging -for Perry's fleet was manufactured.... - -Mrs. Irwin, on account of her age, and loss of health, resolved to -quit business, in view of which she disposed of her interest to her -son, who, in accordance with his preconceived notions on the subject, -commenced the erection, in Allegheny, in 1813, of one of the most -extensive works in the West, on the ten-acre out-lot bounded by the -West Commons, Water Lane (now Western Avenue), out-lots Nos. 275, 29, -and 30. It was known and designated as out-lot No. 276 in the 'Reserve -Tract opposite Pittsburg.' Mr. Irwin successfully carried on the -business until Jan. 1, 1835, when he associated with him his son -Henry, under the name of John Irwin & Son." _Parke's Recollections of -seventy years._ - - -"Mr. Charles Rosenbaum has established a shop for making Piano Fortes, -which are of superior quality. They are equal in elegance of -workmanship, and in tone, to any imported. We are happy to hear that -his success meets his most flattering expectation." _Cramer's -Almanack, 1816._ - - -"Knitting needle making has been commenced by Messrs. Frethy and -Pratt. In New-York pin making is going on lively. It is hoped our -females will be well supplied with these articles especially with the -first." _Cramer's Navigator, 1817._ - - -"Trunks are made smartly by J. M. Sloan, who wants for this purpose -deer skins with the hair on. - -Stocking weaving, for want of encouragement, perhaps goes on but -slowly. We see no reason why a stocking cannot be wove as cheap and as -good here as in any other part of the world. - -Brush-making. Mr. Blair conducts this business to great advantage and -manufactures vast quantities of brushes. Much more could be done were -the farmers more careful of their hogs' bristles." _Cramer's -Navigator, 1817._ - - - - -Traveling Eastward - - -QUICK TRANSPORTATION. - -"In the course of the present week, waggons have arrived at -Pittsburgh, in _thirteen days from Philadelphia_, with loads of 3500 -lbs. and upwards." _Mercury, May 11, 1816._ - - -"Two good safe and easy Stages Will leave Pittsburgh for Philadelphia -on the 27th or 28th inst. and will offer a pleasant conveyance for -four persons on very accommodating terms. Apply at the Branch Bank on -Second street or at the office of the Pittsburgh Gazette." _Gazette, -1816._ - - -"Near Philadelphia, the single team of eight or nine horses is seen; -in the lower parts of Maryland and Virginia, the light three-horse -team is common; while in this country, the heavy Lancaster waggon, -drawn by five or six horses, which vie in stature with the elephant, -is continually before us. The extreme slowness of these overland -sloops, often attracted our notice." _Thomas's Travels through the -western country in 1816._ - - -"Before the time of railroads between the east and west of the -Allegheny mountains, the freight business to the Monongahela was -carried on by means of the Conestoga road wagons drawn by six horses. -By this way the freight to Pittsburgh was carried exclusively, but -after the completion of the Pennsylvania canal, transportation was -divided between the canal-boat and the wagon. As early as 1817 12,000 -wagons, in twelve months, passed over the Allegheny mountains from -Philadelphia and Baltimore, each with from four to six horses, -carrying from thirty-five to forty hundred weight. The cost was about -$7 per 100 weight, in some cases $10. To transport one ton of freight -between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, therefore, would cost about $140, -and in so doing two weeks, at least, of time would be consumed." _Van -Voorhis's Old and new Monongahela._ - - -"The standard wagon for heavy work was the 'Conestoga.' The bed was -low in the center and high at each end. The lower part of the bed was -painted blue. Above this was a red part about a foot wide which could -be taken off when necessary, and these with the white canvas covering, -made the patriotic tri-color of the American flag, though this was -probably unintentional. Bells were often used in all seasons of the -year though not strings of bells such as were afterwards used in -sleighing. The wagoner's bells were fastened to an iron bow above the -hames on the horses and were pear shaped and very sweet toned. Perhaps -they relieved the monotony of the long journey over the lonely pike." -_Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -"With the Conestoga wagons originated our modern 'stogie' cigars which -have become so common in Pittsburg and which have been in recent -years, sent from Pittsburg to every section of the Union. They were -made in that day of pure home grown tobacco and being used very -largely at first by the Conestoga wagoners, took the name 'stogies' -which clings to them yet." _Boucher's Century and a half of -Pittsburg._ - - -"There was almost a continuous stream of four or six horse wagons -laden with merchandise, going west and returning with the product of -the Ohio Valley to supply the eastern cities. These wagons journeyed -mostly between Pittsburg and Philadelphia and Baltimore. The wagoners -generally stopped at a wayside inn which was less expensive than at -the inns in the villages. Wagoners cared little for style but demanded -an abundance while the stage-coach passengers demanded both. The -wagoner invariably slept on a bunk which he carried with him and which -he laid on the floor of the big bar-room and office of the country -hotel. Stage drivers and their passengers stopped at the best hotels -and paid higher prices. For the purpose of feeding his horses in the -public square, the wagoner carried a long trough which at night he -fastened with special irons to the tongue of the wagon.... An old -gentleman told the writer that he had once seen 52 wagons in an -unbroken line going towards Pittsburg on this pike. They were -Conestoga wagons with great bowed beds covered with canvas, and none -of them were drawn by less than four, while many of them had six -horses. The old fashioned public square which kept them over night -must have been a good sized one. The public squares on this turnpike -were usually from three to four hundred feet long and from two to -three hundred feet wide. Some of the older villages had two squares -separated a short distance from each other, but this was generally -brought about by a rivalry among two factions when the town was first -laid out." _Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -"When a village was laid out along the pike there was usually a public -square in its center, and at least two corners of this public square -were set apart for taverns. This square generally called a diamond, -was not intended as a place of ornament as it usually is now, but was -for special purposes. There the wagons laden with freight stood over -night, and as a general rule in all kinds of weather, the horses were -blanketed, fed and bedded in the public square. Upon these wagons were -transported nearly all the goods between Philadelphia and Pittsburg." -_Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -"An account has been furnished us by Mr. Alexander Thompson, who -resides on the Turnpike road four miles and a half from Pittsburgh, -from which it appears, that from the 1st of January, 1815 to the 31st -of December 1815, inclusive, 5,800 road waggons, laden with -merchandize &c. passed his farm for Pittsburgh. The greater part of -these waggons returned loaded with cordage, salt petre, &c. to the -east of the mountains. - -The waggons with iron from the Juniata and other iron works, are not -included in the above." _Gazette, Jan. 27, 1816._ - - -"Recurring to my old plan of estimation, I passed on my road from -Chambersburgh to Pittsburgh, being 153 miles, one hundred and three -stage-waggons, drawn by four and six horses, proceeding from -Philadelphia and Baltimore to Pittsburgh,--seventy-nine from -Pittsburgh to Baltimore and Philadelphia,--sixty-three waggons, with -families, from the several places following:--twenty from -Massachusetts,--ten from the district of Maine,--fourteen from -Jersey,--thirteen from Connecticut,--two from Maryland,--one from -Pennsylvania,--one from England,--one from Holland,--and one from -Ireland; about two hundred persons on horseback,--twenty on foot,--one -beggar, one family, with their waggon, returning from Cincinnati, -entirely disappointed--a circumstance which, though rare, is by no -means, as some might suppose, miraculous." _Fearon's Sketches of -America, 1818._ - - -"Pittsburg is a cheap market for horses ... travellers from the east, -often quit their horses here, and take the river for New Orleans, &c.; -and on the contrary, those from the west proceed eastward from this -place, in stages. Thus, there are constantly a number of useful -hackneys on sale. The mode of selling is by auction. The auctioneer -rides the animal through the streets, proclaiming with a loud voice, -the biddings that are made as he passes along, and when they reach the -desired point, or when nobody bids more, he closes the bargain. - -A complete equipment is, in the first place, a pacing horse, a blanket -under the saddle, another upon it, and a pair of saddle-bags, with -great-coat and umbrella strapped behind. - -Women of advanced age, often take long journeys in this manner, -without inconvenience. Yesterday I heard a lady mentioned familiarly -(with no mark of admiration) who is coming from Tennessee, twelve -hundred miles, to Pittsburg with an infant; preferring horseback to -boating up the river." _Birkbeck's Notes on a journey in America, -1818._ - - -"The _horses_, in this place, are a much larger breed than those -commonly raised in New-York; and as the utmost regularity in feeding -and currying prevails, their appearance is well calculated to excite -the admiration of strangers, from the eastward." _Thomas's Travels -through the western country in 1816._ - - -"A common mode of selling horses is for the owner to gallop through -the street, announcing the amount of his last bidding. I have -witnessed several crying out, 'twenty-five _dallars_,' 'twenty-five -_dallars_,' twenty-five _dallars_;' and after half an hour's exercise, -they have been transferred, saddle, bridle, and all, to a new bidder, -for twenty-five _dallars_, fifty _sants_." _Fearon's Sketches of -America, 1818._ - - - - -Taverns - - -"A requisite of the old-fashioned wagon or stage town hotel or of the -wayside inn was a large room used as an office and bar-room and as a -sleeping place for the wagoners. In it was a large open fireplace -which was abundantly supplied with wood in the early days, and later -with coal. Around this, when the horses were cared for and the -evening's diversion was over, the wagoners spread their bunks in a -sort of semi-circle with their feet to the fire, for they were said to -be much subjected to rheumatism, and this position was taken as a -preventative.... Wagoners drove in all kinds of weather and the -descent of a mountain or large hill was often attended with great -danger, especially when it was covered with ice. The day's journey of -a regular wagoner when heavily laden, was rather less than over 20 -miles, and 100 miles in a week was a fair average.... The average load -hauled was about 6,000 pounds for a six horse team. Sometimes four -tons were put on, and even five tons which the wagoner boastfully -called 'a hundred hundred,' were hauled, but these were rare -exceptions." _Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - - - -Steamboats and River Traffic - - -"Many travellers and emigrants to this region, view the first samples -of the mode of travelling in the western world, on the Allegany at -Oleanne point, or the Monongahela at Brownsville. These are but the -retail specimens. At Pittsburg, where these rivers unite, you have the -thing in gross, and by wholesale. The first thing that strikes a -stranger from the Atlantic, arrived at the boat-landing, is the -singular, whimsical, and amusing spectacle, of the varieties of -water-craft, of all shapes and structures. There is the stately barge, -of the size of a large Atlantic schooner, with its raised and -outlandish looking deck.... Next there is the keel-boat, of a long, -slender, and elegant form, and generally carrying from fifteen to -thirty tons.... Next in order are the Kentucky flats, or in the -vernacular phrase, 'broad-horns,' a species of ark, very nearly -resembling a New England pig-stye. They are fifteen feet wide, and -from forty to one hundred feet in length, and carry from twenty to -seventy tons. Some of them, that are called family-boats, and used by -families in descending the river, are very large and roomy, and have -comfortable and separate apartments, fitted up with chairs, beds, -tables and stoves. It is no uncommon spectacle to see a large family, -old and young, servants, cattle, hogs, horses, sheep, fowls, and -animals of all kinds, bringing to recollection the cargo of the -ancient ark, all embarked, and floating down on the same bottom. Then -there are what the people call 'covered sleds,' or ferry-flats, and -Allegany-skiffs, carrying from eight to twelve tons. In another place -are pirogues of from two to four tons burthen, hollowed sometimes from -one prodigious tree, or from the trunks of two trees united, and a -plank rim fitted to the upper part. There are common skiffs, and other -small craft, named, from the manner of making them, 'dug-outs,' and -canoes hollowed from smaller trees.... You can scarcely imagine an -abstract form in which a boat can be built, that in some part of the -Ohio or Mississippi you will not see, actually in motion.... - -This variety of boats, so singular in form, and most of them -apparently so frail, is destined in many instances to voyages of from -twelve hundred to three thousand miles." _Flint's Recollections of the -last ten years, 1826._ - - -"I reached Olean, on the source of the Alleghany River, early in 1818, -while the snow was yet upon the ground, and had to wait several weeks -for the opening of that stream. I was surprised to see the crowd of -persons, from various quarters, who had pressed to this point, waiting -for the opening of the navigation. - -It was a period of general migration from the East to the West. -Commerce had been checked for several years by the war with Great -Britain. Agriculture had been hindered by the raising of armies, and a -harassing warfare both on the sea-board and the frontiers; and -manufactures had been stimulated to an unnatural growth, only to be -crushed by the peace. Speculation had also been rife in some places, -and hurried many gentlemen of property into ruin. Banks exploded, and -paper money flooded the country. - -The fiscal crisis was indeed very striking. The very elements seemed -leagued against the interests of agriculture in the Atlantic States, -where a series of early and late frosts, in 1816 and 1817, had created -quite a panic, which helped to settle the West. - -I mingled in this crowd, and, while listening to the anticipations -indulged in, it seemed to me that the war had not, in reality, been -fought for 'free trade and sailors' rights' where it commenced, but to -gain a knowledge of the world beyond the Alleghanies. - -Many came with their household stuff, which was to be embarked in arks -and flat boats. The children of Israel could scarcely have presented a -more motley array of men and women, with their 'kneading troughs' on -their backs, and their 'little ones,' than were there assembled, on -their way to the new land of promise. - -To judge by the tone of general conversation, they meant, in their -generation, to plough the Mississippi Valley from its head to its -foot. There was not an idea short of it. What a world of golden dreams -was there! - -I took passage on the first ark that attempted the descent for the -season. This ark was built of stout planks, with the lower seams -caulked, forming a perfectly flat basis on the water. It was about -thirty feet wide and sixty long, with gunwales of some eighteen -inches. Upon this was raised a structure of posts and boards about -eight feet high, divided into rooms for cooking and sleeping, leaving -a few feet space in front and rear, to row and steer. The whole was -covered by a flat roof, which formed a promenade, and near the front -part of this deck were two long 'sweeps,' a species of gigantic oars, -which were occasionally resorted to in order to keep the unwieldy -vessel from running against islands or dangerous shores. - -We went on swimmingly, passing through the Seneca reservation, where -the picturesque costume of the Indians seen on shore served to give -additional interest to scenes of the deepest and wildest character. -Every night we tied our ark to a tree, and built a fire on shore. -Sometimes we narrowly escaped going over falls, and once encountered a -world of labor and trouble by getting into a wrong channel. I made -myself as useful and agreeable as possible to all. I had learned to -row a skiff with dexterity during my residence on Lake Dunmore, and -turned this art to account by taking the ladies ashore, as we floated -on with our ark, and picked up specimens while they culled shrubs and -flowers. In this way, and by lending a ready hand at the 'sweeps' and -at the oars whenever there was a pinch, I made myself agreeable. The -worst thing we encountered was rain, against which our rude carpentry -was but a poor defence. We landed at everything like a town, and -bought milk, and eggs, and butter. Sometimes the Seneca Indians were -passed, coming up stream in their immensely long pine canoes. There -was perpetual novelty and freshness in this mode of wayfaring. The -scenery was most enchanting. The river ran high, with a strong spring -current, and the hills frequently rose in most picturesque cliffs. - -1818. I do not recollect the time consumed in this descent. We had -gone about three hundred miles, when we reached Pittsburgh. It was the -28th of March when we landed at this place, which I remember because -it was my birthday. And I here bid adieu to the kind and excellent -proprietor of the ark, L. Pettiborne, Esq., who refused to receive any -compensation for my passage, saying, prettily, that he did not know -how they could have got along without me. - -I stopped at one of the best hotels, kept by a Mrs. McCullough, and, -after visiting the manufactories and coal mines, hired a horse, and -went up the Monongahela Valley, to explore its geology as high as -Williamsport. The rich coal and iron beds of this part of the country -interested me greatly; I was impressed with their extent, and value, -and the importance which they must eventually give to Pittsburgh. -After returning from this trip, I completed my visits to the various -work-shops and foundries, and to the large glass-works of Bakewell and -of O'Hara. - -I was now at the head of the Ohio River, which is formed by the -junction of the Alleghany and Monongahela. My next step was to descend -this stream; and, while in search of an ark on the borders of the -Monongahela, I fell in with a Mr. Brigham, a worthy person from -Massachusetts, who had sallied out with the same view. We took passage -together on one of these floating houses, with the arrangements of -which I had now become familiar. I was charmed with the Ohio; with its -scenery, which was every moment shifting to the eye; and with the -incidents of such a novel voyage." _Schoolcraft's Thirty years with -the Indian tribes._ - - -"I have seen a pleasant anecdote of one of these (vessels, recorded in -the Picture of Cincinnati, published at Cincinnati,) she had entered a -port in the Mediterranean, and when the captain presented his papers, -the examining officer read in his clearance, Pittsburg, state of -Pennsylvania, 'Pittsburg, Pennsylvania,' said he, 'there is no such -port; your papers must be forged; here is some deception or piracy; we -shall detain your papers and ship till we see farther into this.' The -American captain tried for some time, in vain, to convince him; till -by the aid of the American consul and a map, he reluctantly admitted -the possibility of there being such a place, from which a ship could -be navigated, although two thousand miles from the ocean." _Palmer's -Journal of travels in the United States, 1818._ - - -"A company, stiled the 'Ohio steam boat company,' has lately been -formed, who intend building steam boats to run between this place and -the Falls of Ohio. The dimensions of the boats will be 100 feet keel -and 20 feet beam. They contemplate having two running this fall or -winter, 1815-6.... - -This line of Steam Boats, though not attached to those belonging to -the Mississippi Steam Boat Company, will form a chain of conveyance -from New Orleans to this place, which must result very much to the -advantage and prosperity of Pittsburgh and intermediate towns." -_Cramer's almanack, 1816._ - - -"Steam-boat, ark, Kentucky, barge, and keel-boat building, is carried -on to a considerable extent. Sea vessels have been built here, but the -navigation is too far from the sea, and attended with too much hazard -for it to answer. The following vessels, besides steam-boats, have -been built at Pittsburg and on its rivers: _ships_, Pittsburg, -Louisiana, General Butler, and Western Trader; _brigs_, Dean, Black -Walnut, Monongahela Farmer, and Ann Jean; _schooners_, Amity, -Alleghany, and Conquest, (_navigator_)." _Palmer's Journal of travels -in the United States and Canada, 1817._ - - -"The _steam-boat navigation_, we are assured, is a losing concern. The -newspapers have announced the hopes of our western citizens, and the -editors now appear to be careful to conceal their disappointments. Two -large vessels of this description are lying near the _Point_, which -have not justified public expectations. Captain FRENCH, of -_Brownsville_, (fifty miles by water up the Monongahela and -thirty-five by land) has built two vessels of this kind, which it is -said have succeeded best." _Thomas's Travels through the western -country in 1816._ - - -"The best mode perhaps in descending the Ohio, in time of low water, -is in keel boats.... Merchants are beginning to prefer this method for -safety and expedition; and instead of purchasing boats and taking -charge of them themselves, they get their goods freighted down from -Pittsburgh in keel boats by the persons who make them, and who make it -their business to be prepared, with good boats and experienced hands -for such engagements." _Cramer's Navigator, 1817._ - - -"The manners of the boatmen are as strange as their language. Their -peculiar way of life has given origin not only to an appropriate -dialect, but to new modes of enjoyment, riot, and fighting. Almost -every boat, while it lies in the harbour has one or more fiddles -scraping continually aboard, to which you often see the boatmen -dancing. There is no wonder that the way of life which the boatmen -lead, in turn extremely indolent, and extremely laborious; for days -together requiring little or no effort, and attended with no danger, -and then on a sudden, laborious and hazardous, beyond Atlantic -navigation; generally plentiful as it respects food, and always so as -it regards whiskey, should always have seductions that prove -irresistible to the young people that live near the banks of the -river.... And yet with all these seductions for the eye and the -imagination, no life is so slavish, none so precarious and dangerous. -In no employment do the hands so wear out. After the lapse of so very -short a period since these waters have been navigated in this way, at -every bend, and every high point of the river, you are almost sure to -see, as you stop for a moment, indications of the 'narrow house;' the -rude monument, the coarse memorial, carved on an adjoining tree by a -brother boatman, which marks that an exhausted boatman there yielded -his breath, and was buried." _Flint's Recollections of the last ten -years, 1826._ - - -"Three steamers were built at Pittsburgh in 1816, the 'Franklin,' one -hundred and twenty-five tons, by Messrs. Shiras and Cromwell; the -'Oliver Evans,' seventy-five tons, by George Evans; and the 'Harriet,' -forty tons, by a Mr. Armstrong of Williamsport, Pennsylvania.... Up to -1816 grave doubts existed as to the practicability of navigating the -Ohio by steamboats. A gentleman who in that year, with others, long -watched the futile efforts of a stern wheeler to ascend the Horsetail -ripple, five miles below Pittsburgh, afterwards wrote that the -unanimous conclusion of the company was that 'such a contrivance might -do for the Mississippi ... but that we of Ohio must wait for some more -happy century of invention.'" _Magazine of western history, 1885._ - - -THE STEAMBOAT FRANKLIN - -"The elegant steam-boat Franklin, was launched from the shipyard at -the Point, in this city, on Wednesday last." _Mercury, April 20, -1816._ - - -"The Steam Boat Franklin, burden 140 tons, was launched from the Point -Ship Yard, on Wednesday morning last. The Franklin is owned by a -company of gentlemen in this city, and is intended as a regular trader -between here and New Orleans. The engine for this boat is constructed -on Bolton and Watt's plan, improved by Mr. Arthurs of this place." -_Gazette, April 20, 1816._ - - - Maysville, Dec. 24, 1816. - -"The undersigned passengers in the Steam Boat Franklin, from -Pittsburgh, feel it a just tribute due to the proprietors and captain, -to express publicly their approbation of the very handsome manner in -which they have been entertained. Her accommodations, speed and -safety, as well as the polite attention of Captain Cromwell, are such -as will always insure a decided preference. - - Chas. Savage, _Massachusetts_. - J. P. Cambridge, M.D., _Philadelphia_. - Tho. Sloo, _Cincinnati_. - John Trimble, _Kentucky_. - Geo. P. Turrence, _Cincinnati_. - Robert J. Baron, _London_. - W. R. Ord, _London_. - Louis Caenon, _France_. - J. W. Simonton, _Philadelphia_. - Daniel Lewis, _New York_. - -The beautiful Steam Boat above named passed by this place on Tuesday -last." _Commonwealth, Jan. 6, 1817._ - - -INTERESTING TO THE WESTERN PUBLIC - -"On the 30th December, the steamboat Oliver Evans, departed from this -city for New-Orleans, laden with about forty tons freight and forty -passengers, and drew but thirty inches water, which is without doubt -less than ever known.... Her length is one hundred and twenty feet and -beam fourteen feet nine inches. She ascended the Allegheny when it was -high and rapid, at the rate of five miles per hour, and passed over -the ripple at Wainright's island, at such a rate as to cause people on -the shore to walk, briskly, to keep pace with her, and there remains -no doubt but that she is much the fastest vessel ever exhibited here." -_Mercury, Jan. 4, 1817._ - - -THE STEAMBOAT HARRIET - -"We had, on Tuesday last, the pleasure of a sail in the new steam boat -Harriett of _Pittsburgh_, owned by Mr. Joshua Armitage. She is -designed as a regular trader between this place and New-Orleans. She -is supposed to carry forty to sixty tons. Her engine and machinery -were built by Mr. J. Arthurs. They are simple in their construction, -and proved very complete in their operation. She ascended the -Allegheny, which was high and rapid, at about the rate of three miles -an hour; and ascended the rapid ripple at Wainright's island, with -perfect ease.--We feel happy in being able to announce this effort of -individual enterprize. It is the harbinger of the general introduction -of steam boat navigation on the western waters--and the day is not far -distant when _individuals_ as well as _companies_ will embark in such -useful improvements." _Mercury, Dec. 14, 1816._ - - -THE STEAMBOAT DISPATCH - - Stubenville, May 31, 1816. - -"The steam boat Dispatch, Capt. Bruce, arrived at this place on -Tuesday evening last about 6 o'clock, from Cincinnati, and departed -next morning for Pittsburgh.--This is the same boat that the Kentucky -papers made so much noise about as having been stopped and ordered -off from New-Orleans without a cargo, by the agents of Fulton and -Livingston. The Dispatch is a remarkable sailor, having beat the Aetna -seven days in the run from Natchez to the Falls. She made her passage -in 24 days, while the Aetna was 31 days.--The Dispatch has 24 -passengers on board from Cincinnati, and has been 10 days on her -passage from Cincinnati to Stubenville. Capt. Bruce reports that in -his passage from Natchez to the Falls he counted over 2000 boats -floating down the river, and this in the day time only; others might -have passed him in the night which he did not observe." _Mercury, May -11, 1816._ - - -THE STEAMBOAT VESUVIUS - -"We are sorry to state that the beautiful Steam Boat Vesuvius, -launched about two years ago at this place, has been burned to the -water's edge, at New-Orleans. The Vesuvius was freighted with a -valuable cargo of dry goods and other commodities. The fire broke -out about 12 o'clock the night previous to her intended departure. -As she lay in the middle of the stream, no assistance could be -afforded her, and all the property on board fell a prey to the -flames." _Commonwealth, Aug. 6, 1816._ - - -THE TRANS-ATLANTIC STEAMER - -"We are on the eve of one of the greatest experiments, which has been -undertaken during the present age. A Steam boat is about to brave the -Atlantic, and cross from N.Y. to Russia. The consequences of this -enterprize who will predict? It may open a new era in the art of -navigation. It may dispense with the lagging and variable agency of -winds and waves. It may bring the two worlds nearer together--it may -shorten the passage from 25 to 15 days. A first experiment is -everything, who does not wish it success?" _Gazette, Aug. 23, 1816._ - -"We have heard it doubted (says the Virginia Patriot) whether the -steam-boat soon to leave New York for Russia, will have sails; or -those who go in it will venture to trust themselves to the efficacy of -steam alone. If without sails (though Columbus deserves more credit,) -those who first cross the Atlantic in a steam-boat will be entitled to -a great portion of applause. In a few years we expect such trips will -be common.... - - Bold was the man, the first who dared to brave, - In fragile bark, the wild, perfidious wave: - -and bold will they be who first make a passage to Europe in a steam -boat. Jason crept along by the shore: Not so these adventurers: they -will have - - No port to cheer them on the restless wave." - - _Gazette, Sept. 3, 1816._ - - - - -Ferries and Bridges - - -"Between 1764 and 1819 the only means of crossing these streams, at -Pittsburg, was by way of ferries. The first of these, it is believed, -was operated from the foot of Ferry street, Pittsburg to the opposite -shore, and this was the origin of the name 'Ferry street'.... Early in -the nineteenth century a ferry was established from the mouth of -Liberty street, called 'Jones Ferry.' Foot passengers desiring to -cross the river employed skiffs, while stock was taken over on -flat-boats. Such boats were pushed by means of poles, at low stages of -water, and by oars in high water periods." _Boucher's Century and a -half of Pittsburg._ - - -"The Subscriber respectfully informs his friends and the public in -general, that he intends opening a new Ferry on the Monongahela River, -where he now lives, a few steps East of the mouth of Wood-street, -which will co-operate with Mr. Beltzhoover's new house on the opposite -side of the river, kept by Mr. Robert Wilson. He has been careful to -provide himself with good new crafts, and also good trusty ferrymen. -He expects to be able to give general satisfaction to those who may -please to favor him with their custom. As he is determined there shall -be no detention at the ferry, those wishing to cross the river on the -evening before the Market-day can be accommodated with storage for -their marketing free of charge. He intends keeping a supply of the -best Liquors. He flatters himself that his strict attention to -business will insure him a sufficient supply of the public patronage. - - WM. RALSTON, - - Pittsburgh, March 20. - -N.B. Those wishing to take their Ferrage by the year, can have an -opportunity of engaging with him at any time. - - W. R." - - _Commonwealth, March 20, 1816._ - - -STEAM BOAT FERRY - -"A meeting will be held at E. Carr's Tavern, in Water Street, on -Wednesday evening, 3d April, at 7 o'clock, on organizing a Company to -establish a Steam Ferry,--Those persons interested in preserving the -present advantages of the western section of the City from being -wrested out of their hands, by the injudicious site chosen by the -Legislature for the Monongahela Bridge, are particularly requested to -attend." _Gazette, March 30, 1816._ - - -"The first steps taken towards the erection of bridges at Pittsburgh -were as early as 1810. A charter was granted by the Legislature on the -20th of March of that year for two bridges, one over the Monongahela -and the other over the Allegheny; but circumstances interfered to -prevent their erection for several years. The bridge charter was -allowed to lapse, but a new one was granted by the Legislature -February 17, 1816, which was signed by the governor May 31, 1816. A -company organized under this charter July 8, 1816. The bridges were -constructed and opened to the public for traffic, the Monongahela in -1818 and the Allegheny in 1820." _Warner's History of Allegheny -county._ - - -At an election held on the 10th instant for officers for the -Monongahela Bridge Company, the following persons were unanimously -elected: - - _President_--Wm. Wilkins. - - _Managers._ - - James Ross, Oliver Ormsby, David Pride, Christian Latshaw, George - Anshutz, Thomas Baird, Wm. M'Candless, Philip Gilland, James S. - Stevenson, Benj. Page, Jacob Beltzhoover, Fred'k Wendt. - - _Treasurer_--John Thaw - _Clerk_--John Thaw - - _Commonwealth, June 25, 1816._ - - - - -The Newspapers - - -THE PITTSBURGH GAZETTE - -Printed by John Scull, corner of Market and Front Streets. The Gazette -was published every Saturday morning at three dollars per annum. Later -in the year the Gazette was published on Tuesdays and Fridays. - - -"On the 1st of August, 1816, John Scull, the veteran editor, -relinquished the publication of the Pittsburg Gazette. He was -succeeded by Morgan Neville in the editorship of that journal, and his -son, John I. Scull, became associated with Mr. Neville." _Wilson's -History of Pittsburg._ - - -"'The Pittsburgh Gazette' under the original proprietor, Mr. John -Scull, was the first establishment of the kind, west of the mountains. -On its first appearance, it was viewed as a meteor of the moment, -whose existence would terminate with the second or third number; and -the idea of deriving a subsistence from its publication, was classed -among the chimeras of a too sanguine temper. Our country was then a -'howling wilderness,' and the Ohio, whose fair bosom is now covered -with the 'white sails of commerce,' was then disturbed only by the -yell of the savage, who lay ambushed on its bank, or glided over its -surface, in his solitary canoe. But these obstacles, though -disheartening, were not sufficient to destroy the enterprize of the -Editor. He had turned his back on civilization and comforts of his -native place; he had deliberately subjected himself to the -inconveniences of emigration, and his was not the ardour to be damped -at the outset.... He became a citizen of Pittsburgh, when it was -little more than an Indian village; his interests grew with its -growth; he saw it rise into a manufacturing town; he has heard it -emphatically called the 'Birmingham of America;' and finally, he has -the triumphant satisfaction, of beholding in his own days, the village -of the desert, changed into the city of the west. He has succeeded -even beyond his expectations; he has run his moderate, unostentatious -course. The patronage he has received, was sufficient for his desires; -his editorial life here ends; with feelings acutely sensible of the -favors he has received, he now relinquishes to his son and successor -the 'Pittsburgh Gazette,' unstained by corruption, and free from -venality, but ever firm, he trusts, in supporting our palladium, the -freedom of the Press." _Gazette, Aug. 9, 1816._ - - -THE COMMONWEALTH - -Printed every Tuesday morning by C. Colerick for S. Douglas & Co. in -Diamond Alley, between Market and Wood Streets. - - -THE PITTSBURGH MERCURY - -"'The Pittsburgh Mercury,' is published every Saturday, at the new -brick building, in Liberty-street, at the head of Wood-street, -opposite the Octagon Church; where the subscribers, advertising -customers, and other friends of the establishment, are respectfully -invited to call." _Mercury, Oct. 19, 1816._ - - -"The kind of news material found in the columns of papers of those -days is entirely different from the style of material found today. -Local news is rarely ever given in the papers of an early day. As a -rule the subscriber read but one paper and local news could be handed -around by gossip from one neighbor to another, and what the subscriber -demanded in his paper was foreign news that he could gain in no other -way. The founding of new enterprises, marriages, or deaths of -prominent citizens, etc. found no place in the pioneer newspaper. -European news necessarily nearly two months old, long articles on the -management of public affairs, controversies carried on from week to -week between rival exponents on different theories, essays on morality -and amateur poetry, fill up the columns of nearly all the early -newspapers of Western Pennsylvania.... Their value to those who would -learn of early local history is found chiefly in the advertisements -and from these ... one may gather some important information -concerning Pittsburg's early days." _Boucher's Century and a half of -Pittsburg._ - - - - -Churches - - -First Presbyterian Church - -"In [1785] a bill was introduced into the Legislative Assembly, at -Philadelphia, to incorporate a 'Presbyterian Congregation in -Pittsburgh, at this time under the care of the Rev. Samuel Barr,' -which, after much delay, was finally passed on the twenty-ninth of -September, 1787. The Penns gave the site for this church.... - -In the Spring of 1811 Reverend Francis Herron became the pastor of -the First Church, which the year before had had a membership of -sixty-five. Dr. Herron's salary was six hundred dollars per annum. For -thirty-nine years he labored ceaselessly and wisely for the church and -congregation. In 1817 the church was enlarged, and the membership -steadily increased." _Killikelly's History of Pittsburgh._ - - -Second Presbyterian Church - -"The Second Presbyterian Church was organized ... in 1804, by those -members of the First Church to whom the methods used, regarding the -services in the First Church, were unsatisfactory. The next year Dr. -Nathaniel Snowden took charge of the congregation which worshiped ... -in the Court House and other places, public and private. Dr. John -Boggs came, but remained only a short time. He was replaced by the -Rev. Mr. Hunt, in 1809. The first edifice, on Diamond alley, near -Smithfield street, was built in 1814." _Killikelly's History of -Pittsburgh._ - - -East Liberty Presbyterian Church - -"Mr. Jacob Negley, whose wife had been a Miss Winebiddle, and -consequently, inherited much real estate, controlled practically what -is now known as East Liberty Valley, in the early days, called -Negleystown. He was largely instrumental ... in erecting a small frame -school building at what subsequently became the corner of Penn and -South Highland avenues. This was for the accommodation of the children -of the district, as well as his own. It was ... a long distance to the -then established churches, and Mr. Negley very often, for the benefit -of the neighborhood, invited some minister passing through, or one -from one of the other churches, to preach in his own house and later -in the school house. In 1819 the little school house was torn down to -make way for a church building." _Killikelly's History of Pittsburgh._ - - -Reformed Presbyterian Church - -"The First Reformed Presbyterian Church of Pittsburg, long afterwards -known as the 'Oak Alley Church,' was organized in 1799. Rev. John -Black, an Irishman of considerable intellectual force, who had been -graduated from the University of Glasgow, was its first pastor.... He -included, in his ministry, all societies of the same persuasion in -Western Pennsylvania. He preached here until his death on October 25, -1849." _Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -Roman Catholic Church - -"The number of Catholics prior to 1800, in what is now Allegheny -county, must have been very small. They were visited occasionally by -missionaries traveling westward.... [These] priests, ministering to a -few scattered families, celebrating Mass in private houses, fill up -the long interval between the chapel of the 'Assumption of the Blessed -Virgin of the Beautiful River' in Fort Duquesne, and 'Old St. -Patrick's Church,' which was begun in 1808. - -Rev. Wm. F. X. O'Brien, the first pastor, was ordained in Baltimore, -1808, and came to Pittsburg in November of the same year, and at once -devoted himself to the erection of ... 'Old St. Patrick's.' It stood -at the corner of Liberty and Washington streets, at the head of -Eleventh street, in front of the new Union Station.... The structure -was of brick, plain in design and modest in size, about fifty feet in -length and thirty in width. Rt. Rev. Michael Egan dedicated the Church -in August 1811, and the dedication was the occasion of the first visit -of a Bishop to this part of the State." _St. Paul's Cathedral record._ - - -Protestant Episcopal Church - -"The building of the first Trinity Church was begun about the time it -was organized and chartered, 1805. It occupied a triangular lot at the -corner of Sixth, Wood and Liberty streets. It was built in an oval -form that it might more nearly conform to the shape of the three -cornered lot and for this reason was generally known as the 'round -church.' Rev. Taylor in his latter years became known as 'Father' -Taylor. He remained with the church as its rector until 1817, when he -resigned." _Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -First German United Evangelical Protestant Church - -"When John Penn, jr., and John Penn presented land to the Presbyterian -and Episcopal churches of Pittsburgh they, at the same time, deeded -the same amount to the already organized German Evangelical -congregation; the land given to them was bounded by Smithfield street, -Sixth avenue, Miltenberger and Strawberry alleys. No church was built -on this grant, however, until some time between 1791-94, and it was of -logs. This was ... replaced in 1833 by a large brick building, which -had the distinction of a cupola, in which the first church bell in -Pittsburgh was hung." _Killikelly's History of Pittsburgh._ - - -Methodist Episcopal Church - -"In June, 1810, a lot was purchased for the first [Methodist] church -built in the city. It was situated on Front street, now First street, -nearly opposite ... the present Monongahela House. The erection of a -church was commenced at once, for on August 26th of that year Bishop -Asbury preached on the foundation of it. His journal says: 'Preached -on the foundation of the new chapel to about five hundred souls. I -spoke again at 5 o'clock to about twice as many. The society here is -lively and increasing in numbers.' The building was a plain brick -structure, 30 × 40 feet. We do not know certainly when it was -completed, but probably in the autumn of 1810. - -In this church the society continued to worship in peace and -prosperity for eight years. But near the close of this period it had -become too small, and a new and larger one became a necessity. -Consequently, in May, 1817, three lots were purchased on the corner of -Smithfield and Seventh streets, and the erection of a larger church -commenced. It was completed the following year." _Warner's History of -Allegheny county._ - - -Baptist Church - -"The first church of this denomination in Pittsburg was organized in -April, 1812, when the city had about five thousand people. It was an -independent organization and included about six families with perhaps -not more than twelve people in all who had come from New England. The -chief organizer and pastor was Rev. Edward Jones, also from New -England. The society was too poor then to build a church, but -worshiped in private houses and in rented halls." _Boucher's Century -and a half of Pittsburg._ - - - - -Schools - - -"Robert Steele, who afterward became a Presbyterian preacher, opened a -school in Pittsburg in January, 1803, at his house on Second -street.... His rates were four dollars per quarter. In 1803, a teacher -named Carr opened a school for both boys and girls. The next year he -advertised that his school was moved to larger quarters over Dubac's -store, where he probably taught till 1808, when he opened a boarding -school for boys. In 1818 he removed his school to Third street where -Mrs. Carr 'instructed young ladies in a separate room in the usual -branches, and in all kinds of needle work.' William Jones began a -school in 1804, and charged but two dollars per quarter for tuition. -In February, 1808, Samuel Kingston opened a school in a stone house on -Second street.... A teacher named Graham opened a school on Second -street, using the room formerly occupied by Mr. Kingston, in which he -proposed to give his pupils an English and classical education on -moderate terms. The advertisement stated that Mrs. Graham would at the -same time open a school for 'young ladies' in an adjoining room, and -that she would instruct them in all branches of an English education -and in needle work. In 1811 Thomas Hunt opened a school 'for the -instruction of females exclusively.' The hours he advertised were from -8 to 12 a.m., and from 2 to 5 p.m.... In the same year this -advertisement appears: 'Messrs. Chute and Noyes' evening school -commences the first of October next. They also propose on Sabbath -morning, the 22 instant, to open a Sunday morning school to commence -at the hour of eight a.m., and continue until ten. They propose to -divide the males and females into separate departments. The design of -the school is to instruct those who wish to attend, the Catechism and -hear them read the Holy Scriptures. No pecuniary compensation is -desired, a consciousness of doing good will be an ample reward.' In -1812 John Brevost opened a French school, and with his wife and -daughter opened a boarding school in connection with it in 1814. Their -terms were, 'for reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar, -history and geography, with the use of maps, globes, etc., $8.00 -quarterly. Playing on the piano, $10.00 quarterly; vocal music, $5.00 -quarterly. Drawing and painting of flowers, $6.00 quarterly. French -language, $5.00 quarterly. Boarding $37.00, payable in advance. -Dancing, books, materials, drawing, sewing, bed and bedding to be paid -for separately or furnished by parents.' Mrs. Gazzam had opened a -seminary for young ladies by this time, and advertised its removal to -Fifth street. Her pupils were instructed in the elementary studies of -an English education, and in needle work at four dollars per quarter. -She taught them to cut, make and repair their clothes. The pupils were -permitted to visit their homes once each week, but no young men were -allowed to visit them unless attended by a servant. She boarded them -for $125 per year. The two sisters, Miss Anna and Arabella Watts, -instructed young ladies solely in needle work. In almost all schools -needle work was a requisite part of the education of young women. In -fact it was considered the all important part of a woman's training -and not infrequently other branches were taught if required, or if -thought necessary." _Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -CITY ACADEMY - -"The subscriber, respectfully informs his fellow citizens, and others, -that he has happily secured the co-operation of Mr. Edward -Jones--hopes their most sanguine expectations, relative to his -seminary, will be fully justified. - -All the most important branches of education, taught as in the best -academies, on either side the Atlantick.--Mathematics in general, as -in the city of _Edinburgh_.--During four years, the subscriber taught -the only Mathematical school in the capital of New-Hampshire. - -A class of young gentlemen will shortly commence the study of -Navigation, Gunnery, Bookkeeping, Geography and English grammar. -George Forrester." _Mercury, May 18, 1816._ - - -THE LANCASTER SCHOOL. - -"Will continue at the room where it is now kept in Market street. In -addition to the common branches of reading, orthography, etc., the -teacher gives lessons in English grammar, geography and Book-keeping. -Penmanship is taught on a most approved system at all hours. - -To those who are acquainted with this mode of instructing children, -its superior excellence need not be pointed out, and such as have -never seen a school on this plan in actual operation, and are not -intimately conversant with its theory, are invited (if they have the -curiosity) to visit the institution in Market street; where, although -the number of pupils is small, yet the school will afford a sufficient -illustration of the Lancaster system to convince the most incredulous -that 500 or even 1000 pupils by the aid of this wonderful invention, -may be taught with prodigious facility by a single teacher." -_Commonwealth, April 3, 1816._ - - -UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH - -"The first charter to an institution of learning west of the mountains -granted by the legislature of Pennsylvania, February 28, 1787, created -the Pittsburg Academy. The school was in existence earlier than -this.... - -The principals of the academy from the very beginning were men of high -attainments, some of them attaining great distinction. George Welch, -the first principal, took office April 13, 1789. Rev. Robert Steele, -pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Rev. John Taylor, Mr. Hopkins -and James Mountain successively were at the head of the academy. From -1807 to 1810, Rev. Robert Patterson, of excellent fame, successfully -carried on the work. He was succeeded in the latter year by Rev. -Joseph Stockton, author of the 'Western Calculator' and 'Western -Spelling Book,' who continued in office until the re-incorporation of -the academy as the Western University of Pennsylvania, in 1819." -_Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - - - -Libraries - - -"It was not ... until the fall of 1813, that the question of a -community Library took definite shape, when in response to the efforts -'of many leading and progressive citizens,' there was organized 'The -Pittsburgh Library Company.' On the evening of November 27, 1813, -about 40 representative people assembled in the spacious 'bar room' of -the 'Green Tree Inn,' at the northwest corner of Fifth and Wood -streets, where the First National Bank now stands, and took the -initiative in the formation of Pittsburgh's first real public -library.... Its first president was the Rev. Francis Herron, for 40 -years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. The secretary was -Aquila M. Bolton, 'land broker and conveyancer.' The treasurer was -Col. John Spear.... Quite a sum of money was subscribed by citizens -generally for the purchase of books, while many valuable volumes were -either contributed or loaned by members. Messrs. Baldwin, O'Hara, -Wilkins and Forward being especially mentioned for their generosity in -this connection. The first head-quarters of the library were in rooms -'on Second street, opposite Squire Robert Graham's office,' who at -that time dispensed even handed justice at the northeast corner of -Market and Second streets. Here the library remained until the county -commissioners set aside a commodious room in the Court House for its -use." _A. L. Hardy, in Gazette-Times, 1913._ - - -"The triennial meeting of the shareholders [of the Pittsburgh Library -Company] was convened at their new library room, in Second street, -opposite Squire Graham's office, at six o'clock, Monday evening, -December thirtieth, 1816. The following gentlemen were then elected by -ballot to serve as a Board of Directors for the ensuing three years, -viz: George Poe, president; Aquila M. Bolton, secretary; Lewis -Bollman, treasurer; James Lea, Benjamin Bakewell, Robert Patterson, -Walter Forward, Alexander Johnson, jr., William Eichbaum, jr., -Benjamin Page, Alexander McClurg, J. P. Skelton, Ephraim Pentland, -Charles Avery, J. R. Lambdin, directors." _Killikelly's History of -Pittsburgh._ - - -"It has been published, that the Library of this city contains two -thousand volumes. Through the politeness of J. Armstrong, the -librarian, I gained admittance, and having examined the catalogue, am -enabled to state that the whole collection is only about five hundred -volumes. The books, however, are well chosen, and of the best -editions. How the error originated is of no consequence except to him -who made it." _Thomas's Travels through the western country in 1816._ - - - - -The New Books of 1816 - - - Austen. Emma. - Byron. Childe Harold (Canto III). - The dream. - Hebrew melodies. - Parisina. - Prisoner of Chillon. - Siege of Corinth. - Coleridge. Christabel. - Crabbe. Dictionary of English synonymes. - D'Israeli. Character of James I. - Goethe. Italianische reise. - Hunt. A story of Rimini. - Moore. Elegy on Sheridan. - Irish melodies. - Peacock. Headlong Hall. - Scott. Antiquary. - Black dwarf. - Guy Mannering. - Lord of the Isles. - Old Mortality. - Shelley. Alastor. - Southey. Carmen triumphale. - Wordsworth. Poems. - White doe of Rylstone. - - - - -The Theatre - - -"There were in 1808 two dramatic societies in Pittsburg that were -important enough to receive notice in the newspapers. The one was -composed of law students and young lawyers and the other was composed -of mechanics. The object of these societies was to study the poets and -dramatic literature and to give public performances in the court -house. William Wilkins ... was a member and took a leading part in -the entertainments given by these societies. There was no way for -theatrical companies from the East to reach Pittsburg prior to 1817, -save by the state road, which was scarcely passable for a train of -pack horses, yet they came even as early as 1808 and performed in -a small room, which was secured for them when the court room was -occupied. In 1812 a third dramatic society called the Thespian Society -was organized among the young men and young women of Pittsburg. - -The society numbered among its members the brightest and best bred -young people of the city, most of whom took part in each performance. -They were given in a room on Wood street, in a building known as -Masonic Hall." _Boucher's Century and a half of Pittsburg._ - - -"The Theatre of this City has been now opened nearly a fortnight, and -the managers although they have used every exertion to please, in the -selection of their pieces, have not been enabled to pay the contingent -expenses of the House. This is a severe satire on the taste of the -place. - -Tomorrow [Wednesday] evening we understand that the 'Stranger' is to -be produced--we hope under auspices more favorable to the managers -than heretofore. The part of the Stranger is to be performed by a -Young Gentleman of the City, who has never before graced the -Boards.--If report speaks correctly of his talents, he bids fair to -excel any person who has yet appeared upon the stage on this side the -Mountains. It is hoped that this novelty, together with the correct -and manly acting of Mr. Savage, a stranger here, and the chastened -elegance which Mrs. Savage is said to exhibit, will attract to the -Theatre, for this one evening at least, the friends to this rational -amusement." _Commonwealth, Nov. 12, 1816._ - - -On Friday evening, June 7, will be presented, Shakespear's celebrated -comedy, in 3 acts called - - Catharine & Petruchio - after which, a much admired comic opera called - The Highland Reel. - For particulars, see bills. - -And, that every person should have the opportunity of seeing the most -splendid spectacle ever exhibited in Pittsburgh, on Saturday evening, -June 8, will be presented, the grand romantic drama, called - - Timour the Tartar; - or, the - Princess of Mingrelia. - -Which will positively be the last time, of its being performed, as the -scenery will be appropriated to other purposes. - -With other Entertainments. - - For particulars, see box bills. - - -"A few days after the performance of Hamlet, Mr. Entwistle, the -manager, had for his benefit, that irresistibly amusing burlesque, -'Hamlet Travestie.' His line of acting is a broad-farce caricature of -that of Liston. He personated the modern Danish prince. The audience -were solemn, serious, and dull. The affecting entrance of the deranged -Ophelia, who, instead of rosemary, rue, &c. had an ample supply of -turnips and carrots, did not move a muscle of their _intelligent -faces_--the ladies, indeed, excepted, who evinced by the frequent use -of their pocket handkerchiefs, that their sympathies were engaged on -the side of the love-sick maiden. Some who had seen the original -Hamlet for the first time a few evenings before, gave vent to their -criticisms when the curtain fell. They thought Mr. Entwistle did not -look sufficiently grave; and that, as it was his benefit, he acted -very dishonourably in shaving (cheating) them out of two acts; for -that they guessed when Mr. Hutton played _that'ere_ king's mad son, he -gave them five acts for their _dallar_. Mr. ---- assured me that on -the following morning, a respectable lawyer of Pittsburgh met him, and -said, 'I was at the play last night, Sir, and do not think that Mr. -Entwistle acted Hamlet quite so well as Mr. Hutton.'" _Fearon's -Sketches of America, 1818._ - - -_Thespian Society_ - -The Public are respectfully informed that on this evening, Jan. 14th, -will be presented the much admired Drama, called - - the - Man of Fortitude. - -The proceeds to be appropriated to the benefit of the Sunday Male -Charitable School. - -Recitation, Alonzo the brave or the fair Imogen. - -Song, I have loved thee, dearly loved thee.--Mrs. Menier. - -----, America, Commerce and Freedom. - - _After which the much admired Farce, called_, - The Review, - _Or, the_ - Wag of Windsor. - -Doors to be opened at half past 5 o'clock, and the curtain to rise at -half past six. Box, one dollar; Pit, _Fifty cents_. - - -"A citizen of Pittsburgh, and a lover of the useful and rational -amusement of the Theatre, begs leave to observe to his fellow -citizens, that on Monday evening next Mr. Alexander will stand forward -for public recompense, for his exertions in his profession.... It must -be readily acknowledged that no young gentleman of more transcendent -talent ever graced the dramatic floor of Pittsburgh; it is, therefore, -but just that he who has so often made _us_ smile, should from _us_ -receive a something to make _him_ smile in turn." _Commonwealth, Nov. -4, 1815._ - - -"The Theatre in this city is now opened by the Thespian Society, for -the double purpose of gratifying the public taste by a moral and -rational amusement and adding to the funds of the Male Charitable -Sunday School. The _Man of Fortitude_ and the Farce of the _Review_ -have been selected for representation this evening. Since society has -been released from the chains of superstition, the propriety of -Theatrick amusements has not been doubted by any man of liberal -feelings and enlightened understanding.... The stage conveys a moral -in colours more vivid than the awful and elevated station of the -preacher permits him to use--it is his coadjutor in good, and goes -with him hand in hand exposing vice to ridicule and honouring virtue." -_Gazette, Jan. 14, 1817._ - - - - -The Morals Efficiency Society of 1816 - - -"The Moral Society of Pittsburgh announce to the public their -formation. The object of their association is the suppression of vice -and immorality, as far as their influence shall extend, and they shall -be authorized by the laws of the commonwealth, and the ordinances of -this city.... - -We hereby give this public information of our intention to aid the -civil officers in the execution of the laws of this commonwealth, and -the ordinances of the city, against all vice and crime cognizable by -said laws and ordinances. Such as profane swearing, gambling, horse -racing, irregular tippling houses and drunkenness, profanation of the -Lord's day by unnecessary work of any kind, such as driving of -waggons, carts, carriages of pleasure and amusement, or other -conveyances not included under the exception of the laws of the -commonwealth in case of necessity and mercy." _Commonwealth, Nov. 26, -1816._ - - - - -Fourth of July, 1816 - - -"A numerous and respectable concourse of citizens met at Hog Island, -nearly opposite the village of Middletown, on the Ohio river, to -celebrate the birth day of American independence. Colonel James -Martin, was nominated president, and Captain Robert Vance, -vice-president.--The utmost harmony and unanimity prevailed; and it -was a pleasing sight to see citizens of opposite political sentiments, -bury their former animosity, and with great cordiality join in -celebrating the American anniversary. After performing the manual -exercise, the company partook of an elegant dinner, prepared for the -occasion, and the cloth being removed ... patriotic toasts were drank -with great hilarity, accompanied by the discharge of musketry, and -appropriate music.... - -The citizens retired at a late hour in the utmost harmony." _Mercury, -July 20, 1816._ - - - - -Police - - -"When the borough was incorporated into a city [March 1816], the act -incorporating it authorized the authorities to establish a police -force, but there was none established for some years afterwards. The -act limited the city taxation to five mills on a dollar, and the -corporation could scarcely have paid a police force, even if one had -been required. The city authorities did, however, pass an ordinance on -August 24, 1816, establishing a night watchman, but soon found they -had no money with which to pay him. They accordingly repealed the -ordinance and for some years the city slept in darkness without the -benefit of police protection." _Boucher's Century and a half of -Pittsburg._ - - - - -Eagle Fire Company - - -"In 1811 the second epoch in the company's history may be said to have -started, the younger element having gradually crept in and assumed -control of affairs, and the older men had to some extent lost interest -and perhaps gained rheumatism in the fire service. The company was now -re-organized on a more active and vigorous basis. The first engineer -to take charge under the new regime was William Eichbaum, who -continued to act in that capacity until 1832, when he was elected -First Chief Engineer of the Fire Department on its organization.... - -In the company organization the most important duty devolved upon the -Bucket Committee. Every citizen was required to keep two or three -heavy leather buckets with his name painted on them, and in case of -fire these were all brought on the ground. Two lines of men and women -were formed to the water supply, to pass the full buckets to and the -empty ones from the engine.... When the fire was extinguished all the -buckets were left on the ground till next day. Then, as many of the -inscriptions were obliterated, there was some stealing of buckets and -consequent fights. Certain folks ... picked out the best buckets, just -as in modern times some people get the best hats, or umbrellas, at the -conclusion of a party. The Bucket Committee, to put a stop to this, -decided to deliver all buckets to their respective owners." _Dawson's -Our firemen._ - - - - -Water-Supply - - -"The water supply was gained, up to 1802, from wells and springs which -flowed from out the hillsides, these being sufficient for a small -town. An ordinance passed August 9, of that year, called for the -making of four wells, not less than forty-seven feet in depth. Three -of these were to be located on Market street, and were to be walled -with stone.... Wells, with the springs at Grant's Hill, furnished the -supply of water for public use until 1826." _Boucher's Century and a -half of Pittsburg._ - - - - -Banks - - -"As early as the year 1815, there were only three banks in Pittsburgh; -viz., the Bank of Pennsylvania, located on the north side of Second -Avenue, between Chancery Lane and Ferry Street; Bank of Pittsburg, -south-west corner of Market and Third Streets; Farmers and Mechanics' -Bank, north side of Third, between Wood and Market Streets,--the -aggregate capital amounting to less than two million dollars, which -was considered abundantly adequate to the business of that period." -_Parke's Recollections of seventy years._ - - -The Bank of Pittsburgh is situated on the s.w. corner of Market and -Third streets. - - President, - - William Wilkins, - - Directors, - - George Anchutz, Jun. - Nicholas Cunningham - William Hays - James Morrison - Craig Ritchie (Cannonsbr'g) - James Brown (baker) - Thos. Cromwell - John Darragh - Wm. McCandless - John M. Snowden - George Allison - T. P. Skelton - - Cashier - - Alexander Johnston, Jun. - -Open daily from 9 o'clock a.m. till 3 p.m., except Sunday, Fourth of -July, Christmas and Fast days. Discount day, Wednesday. Capital -$600,000. Shares $50 each. Dividends, first Mondays in May and -November. _Pittsburgh directory, 1815._ - - -The Office of Discount and Deposit of the Bank of Pennsylvania is -situated on the north side of Second between Market and Ferry streets. - - President, - - James O'Hara. - - Directors, - - Joseph Barker - Anthony Beelen - Thomas Baird - Ebenezer Denny - Boyle Irwin - George Wallace - David Evans - - _Pittsburgh directory, 1815._ - - -THE FARMERS' AND MECHANICS' BANK OF PITTSBURGH. - - Cashier - George Poe, Jun. - -Open daily from 9 o'clock a.m. till 3 p.m., except Sunday, Fourth of -July, Christmas and Fast days. Discount day, Thursday. - -Is situated on the north side of Third, between Market and Wood -streets. - - President, - - John Scull - - Directors, - - William Eichbaum, Jun. - John Ligget - William Leckey - Jacob Negley - - _Pittsburgh directory, 1815._ - - - - -Post-Office - -POST-OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT. - - - Arrival and Departure - of the - MAILS, - At the Post-Office--Pittsburgh - -The Eastern Mail arrives on Sunday, Wednesday, and Friday evenings, -and closes on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at 8 o'clock A.M. - - -The Western Mail arrives on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and -closes on Sunday at sunset, and Wednesday and Friday at 1 o'clock P.M. - -The Beaver Mail arrives on Monday evening, and closes the same day at -sun-set. - -The Erie Mail arrives on Monday evening and closes the same day at -sun-set. - -The Steubenville Mail arrives on Sunday and Wednesday evenings, and -closes same days at sun-set. - -The Huntingdon Mail, via Ebensburgh and Indiana, arrives on Tuesday, -and closes same day at half past twelve P.M.... - -As there are several places of the same name in the United States, it -is necessary that the directions should be particular, the states -should be distinguished, and, where it might otherwise be doubtful, -the counties.... - -Those who send letters may either pay the postage in advance, or leave -it to be paid by their correspondents. - - -RATES OF POSTAGE - -For Single Letters - - Cents - - For any distance not exceeding 40 miles 12 - Over 40 and not exceeding 90 do 15 - Over 90 and not exceeding 150 do 18-3/4 - Over 150 and not exceeding 300 do 25-1/2 - Over 500 37-1/2 - - _Pittsburgh directory, 1815._ - - - - -The Suburbs - - -"_Birmingham_ is a small village across the Monongahela, about one -mile south of Pittsburgh. It has works for green glass, furnaces for -casting hollow ware, &c. from pigs, and a saw mill, which is moved by -a steam engine. The coal for all these, is used fresh from the mine, -without mixture, coaking or desulphuration. - -Many of the balls for Perry's fleet, were cast in this foundery. But -instead of forming such ministers of havoc, the metal is now moulded -for softer hands, and _flat_ or _smoothing_ irons are produced in -abundance. These are ground on a stone which revolves by a band from -the steam engine." _Thomas's Travels through the western country in -1816._ - - -"At a respectable meeting of the inhabitants of Birmingham and its -vicinity, convened at the school-house, on Friday evening the 28th of -March, 1816, in order to take into consideration the expediency of -erecting a Market-House, in said town; Nathaniel Bedford, was called -to the Chair, and George Patterson, appointed secretary. - -The chairman having stated the object of the meeting, the following -resolutions were proposed and unanimously adopted, viz.-- - -RESOLVED, That a Market-House be built on the plan exhibited by Mr. -Benjamin Yoe. - -RESOLVED, That the site of the structure be the centre of the square. - -Thus, another thriving and Manufacturing Town, is added to the many -which have been established in the western section of Pennsylvania; -and social order, with its concomitants, the arts and sciences, -illuminate those wild and dreary shades, where lately none but the -prowling wolf, or the restless and cruel savage held their haunts." -_Mercury, April 20, 1816._ - - -"At the beginning of the century the site of Allegheny City was a -wilderness. In 1812 a few settlers had made inroads upon the forest, -and had builded their cabins. Notice is called to the fact in the -minutes of the Presbytery of Erie, in April of that year, in the -following words: 'An indigent and needy neighborhood, situated on the -Allegheny, opposite Pittsburgh, having applied for supplies,' the -matter was laid before the Presbytery. - -Joseph Stockton seems to have been the first stated minister, -preaching a part of his time there until 1819." _Centenary memorial of -Presbyterianism in western Pennsylvania._ - - -"The facility for getting to and from Pittsburg [from Allegheny] was -quite a different matter from what it is to-day. The only highway (if -it may be called such) leading west from Federal Street to the Bottoms -at that early day, was the erratic Bank Lane, which owing to the -natural unevenness of the ground upon which it was located, and total -neglect of the authorities of Ross township to put it in a condition -for travel, ... was for many years only accessible for -foot-passengers." _Parke's Recollections of seventy years._ - - -Lawrenceville was laid out in 1815 by Wm. B. Foster, and had begun -with the building of the United States arsenal. - - - - -Courts - - -"The Supreme Court holds a term in Pittsburgh, on the 1st Monday in -September annually, to continue two weeks if necessary, for the -Western District, composed of the counties of Somerset, Westmoreland, -Fayette, Greene, Washington, Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Mercer, -Crawford, Erie, Warren, Venango, Armstrong, Cambria, Indiana and -Jefferson." _Pittsburgh directory, 1815._ - - -"Mr. Lacock submitted an important resolution for instructing the -committee on the Judiciary to enquire into the expediency of dividing -the state of Pennsylvania into _two Judicial Districts_, and -establishing a _district court_ of the U. States at the city of -Pittsburgh, which was agreed to." _Commonwealth, Jan. 6, 1817._ - - - - -County Elections - - -"Henry Baldwin is elected to congress for the district composed of the -counties of Allegheny and Butler, by a majority of about 800 votes. - -John Gilmore, William Woods, Samuel Douglass and Andrew Christy are -elected to the assembly. - -Lazarus Stewart is elected Sheriff of Allegheny county, by a majority -of 181 votes. - -Joseph Davis is elected commissioner by a majority of 249 votes, and -Charles Johnson, Auditor by a majority of 28 votes." _Gazette, Oct. -15, 1816._ - - - - -The State Legislature - - -"The bill for erecting the two Bridges at Pittsburgh has passed both -houses. The sites are fixed at St. Clair-street for the Allegheny and -Smithfield-street for the Monongahela. The state subscribes $40,000 of -stock for each bridge. - -A bill is about being reported for establishing a horse and cattle -market in the vicinity of Pittsburgh. - -The bill for erecting Pittsburgh into a city has passed the senate and -is before the house, where it is expected to pass through without -opposition. - -The bill for erecting a new county out of parts of Allegheny, -Westmoreland, Washington, and Fayette, is reported. This bill will -throw off the greater part of Elizabeth township from Allegheny -county. There have been no remonstrances against it received from this -county; but we understand that some have been received from the other -counties concerned. - -The bill for erecting a Poorhouse for Allegheny county, it is expected -will pass." _Mercury, Feb. 24, 1816._ - - -"We regret to say that neither from our correspondent at Harrisburg -nor from the papers printed there, have we been enabled to procure an -account of the legislative proceedings. We take two papers published -at the seat of government, but from some unaccountable reason they do -not contain the intelligence our readers require. We are reduced to -the necessity of picking up here and there from letters to -editors--from information derived from travellers--or from some other -like inconclusive sources of information, that intelligence with which -Journals published at the seat of government should supply us. They -ought to be the fountains of information to the mass of the community: -Instead of dabbling in politics and abusing or eulogizing party -leaders, they should deal in facts. The National Intelligencer we look -upon as the best model with which we are acquainted of a national -journal." _Commonwealth, Dec. 24, 1816._ - - - - -Slavery - - -"Nearly all of the first residents of Pittsburg and vicinity who were -wealthy enough to afford the luxury were owners of slaves. The -Nevilles, John Gibson, James O'Hara, Alexander Fowler, Adamson -Tannehill, the Kirkpatricks and many others owned them, and several -continued to do so as late as the war of 1812. The old newspapers -contained advertisements for runaway slaves even as late as 1820." -_Wilson's History of Pittsburg._ - - -"The year 1780 is memorable in the annals of Pennsylvania for the -passage of the act for the gradual abolition of slavery in this -State.... It provided for the registration of every negro or mulatto -slave or servant for life, or till the age of thirty-one years, before -the first of November following, and also provided, 'that no man or -woman of any nation or color, except the negroes or mulattoes who -shall be registered as aforesaid, shall at any time hereafter be -deemed, adjudged, or holden within the territory of this Commonwealth, -as slaves or servants for life, but as free men and free women.'" -_Egle's History of Pennsylvania._ - - - - -Advertisements from the Newspapers of 1816 - - -SHOT, POWDER, &c. - -The Subscriber Has Just Received a quantity of first quality - - Patent Shot, No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6. - Good Rifle Gun Powder - By the keg - Country Segars, Scotch and Rappe Snuff - Domestic Cloth, and Cotton Shawls. - -- On Hand -- - -A General assortment of Merchandize, suited to the present and -approaching season. - - -- Also -- - Prime Pickling Vinegar - Very strong and fit for immediate use - -All of which will be sold Wholesale or Retail at the lowest market -prices, for Cash or approved Trade. - - ISAAC HARRIS, - Diamond, Pittsburgh. - -Will be received in Exchange Butter, Beeswax, Deer Skins, Clover and -Flaxseed, Flax and Tow Linen, Bags, Flax, Rags, and country produce -generally. - - -CANDLE MANUFACTORY - -The subscriber, respectfully informs his friends and the public, that -he has erected a dip and candle manufactory in the Diamond, -Pittsburgh; where he will keep constantly on hand and offers, -Wholesale and Retail, dipt and mould candles of the best quality and -on the most reasonable terms. - - THOMAS COLMAN. - -N.B. Economical Lanthern Candles, at 12 cents per bunch. - - -D. & J. CHUTE - -Have on hand, a handsome assortment of Shoes, adapted to the season; a -few pairs Boots, suitable for laborers; also, Currant Wine, by the -barrel or smaller quantity. The above are offered for sale low for -cash or negotiable paper. - -N.B. When servants call for shoes, it is necessary that an order be -sent. - - -PITTSBURGH PIPE MANUFACTORY, - -ROUND HOUSE. - -WILLIAM PRICE - -Informs the merchants of the Western country that they may be supplied -with any quantity of long or short - - Smoking Pipes - -as handsome and good as those imported--and hopes the merchants of -this place will give the preference to the Manufactures of our own -country. - - -OYSTERS - -Gentlemen can be genteely accommodated at the City Hotel, with Oysters. - - EDWARD CARR. - - -STOP THE THIEF! - -Taken from the subscriber on the 19th of November last, a Black Great -Coat, with a large Cape, the Cape buttoned on the collar, on the front -of the Cape is black glass buttons, and on the front and hips of the -coat is cloth buttons, taken by James Dunlap from his boarding house. -This Dunlap is a large man with a red face, and on the fingers of his -right hand two of the knuckles are out of joint. - -Said Dunlap is by occupation a sort of a saddler, but if you wish to -see him you may go to the grog shop or brandy house, for there is his -place of abode in general. Any person that will take up and return -said Dunlap and Coat, shall receive the reward of Five Dollars. - - BENJAMIN CRANDALL. - - -THE BANKS - -WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS, - -Are most respectfully informed, that the Bank Bill Engraving and -Printing Office at Pittsburgh, shall in the future be kept constantly -open in such a style of elegance and punctuality as to merit the honor -of their patronage. - -The Bank Paper manufactured for the office, by Messrs. Drum & Markle -of Greensburgh, is allowed by competent judges to be equal to any in -the United States. - - CHARLES P. HARRISON. - - -PRACTISING BALL. - -Mr. Boudet's first Practising Ball will be on Saturday Evening the -26th instant, at his School Room. - -N.B. No gentlemen can be admitted without being introduced by a lady -with whom Mr. B. is acquainted; nor can any gentleman be permitted to -dance in boots. Admission tickets for gentlemen to be had at any time -of Mr. B. Price One Dollar, pupils half price. - - -GERMAN REDEMPTIONERS. - -Just arrived from Amsterdam, Tradesmen and Farmers, single and -married, who are willing to bind themselves for the payment of their -passage money, amounting to about ninety dollars, for a term of three -years, and their children being upwards of four years old until they -are of age on paying half passage money. The steady habits of these -people and their general character for honesty and industry it is -supposed would render them particularly desirable in a country, where -the procuring of assistance is difficult and uncertain. For further -particulars apply to - - BOSLER & CO. or to - GLAZER & SMITH - of Philadelphia. - - -READER ASK YOURSELF THE - -FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. - -Do I, or do I not, owe the Printer? Shall I pay him his small -pittance?--Shall he stop his business for want of what I honestly owe -him? All just men will answer No! Then gentlemen, if such is your -answer, it certainly is a pleasing one to the Printer, who will, at -all times, be happy to attend the calls of those who have it in their -power to pay our just demand--for without money we must discontinue -our useful business. - - H. D. & Co. - - -BALL - -Mr. Boudet, respectfully informs the Ladies and Gentlemen of -Pittsburgh and its vicinity, that he will give a Ball this evening, -(Friday the 24th inst.) at the court-house, at half past seven -o'clock, and will be conducted as they are in our populous cities -viz--the ladies to be invited, and gentlemen to pay one dollar on -their admission--understood, that such gentlemen as are strangers to -the professor, must come introduced by some person with whom he is -acquainted, without which they cannot be admitted. - -N.B. No gentlemen allowed to dance in boots. Tickets to be had at the -door--price one dollar. - - -CHARLES S. FIMETON - -Carpenter--Late of Chambersburgh, Respectfully informs his friends and -the public in general, that he has commenced the Carpenter Business, -in Front-street, in the same house occupied by William Sands, barber -and hair dresser; where all orders in his line will be thankfully -received and promptly attended to. - - -LITERARY NOTICES. - -John Binns of Philadelphia proposes to publish a splendid edition of -the Declaration of Independence, which shall be in all respects -American: The _paper_, the _types_, the _ink_, the _designs_, the -_engravings_,--the publication throughout shall afford evidence of -what our citizens have done in politics, and can do in art. - - -TO BUILDERS. - -The public are respectfully informed that they can be accommodated -with any quantity of Iron Cannon Borings. In cities where these -Borings can be procured, they are much used as cement for any kind of -mason work, exposed to the weather, or the action of water, such as -chimney tops, parapat or fire walls, piers of bridges, etc. - - M'CLURGS & M'KNIGHT. - - -OYSTERS - -JOHN BYRNE - - At his Umbrella Manufactory, Fourth, Between Market and Ferry - Streets. - -Just received and for sale at his Oyster House, a few Kegs most -excellent Spiced Oysters. - -He continues to make and repair Umbrellas and Parasols in the newest -manner, the smallest favour will be gratefully attended to. - - -GRAND NATIONAL LOTTERY - -SECOND CLASS - -Authorised by Act of Congress, for opening a Canal in the City of -Washington. - -Begins drawing on the 30th September next. - - 35,000 Dollars } - 25,000 Dollars } Highest prizes - 10,000 Dollars } - - Six Dollars the lowest Prize. - - Tickets for Sale - -At the Store of William Hill for cash only, who will receive the -drawings regularly. - - -NOTICE - -My wife Fanny having thought proper to withdraw herself from my -protection, without the least cause given on my part for her doing so, -I am compelled, though very reluctantly, to forbid all persons from -trusting her on my account, as I will pay no debts which she may -contract hereafter. - - J. TIBBETTE. - -N.B. I also inform those who wish to be shaved in Imperial Style, that -I am always to be found at my Shop in Market Street, between Front and -Water Streets. - - -MECHANICS RETREAT, - -At the Green Cottage, facing Mr. Jelly's Factory, Turnpike Road, - - Is Opened, - -Where an assortment of Liquors of the very best quality are kept. -Turtle and other Soups every Wednesday and Sunday.--Share of public -patronage is solicited. - - -WANTED - -At the United States' Arsenal, now erecting near Pittsburgh. - - Forty good Stone Masons, and Twenty Labourers, - -to whom constant employment and good wages will be given for one or -two seasons. - - -Apply to the subscriber on the ground. - - CHRISTOPHER ARMSTRONG. - - -WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TIN MANUFACTURY. - -THOMAS W. EAGLES, - -Wood street, between Water and Front Sts., - -Has just imported an elegant assortment of the best English planished -Tin Ware, - - consisting of - - Dish covers in setts, - Tea pots, - Coffee Biggons, - Hash dishes of all sizes, &c. &c. &c. - Sheet Brass, - Do. Copper, - Mill saws, - Iron and tinned rivetts, - Brass kettles of all sizes, &c. &c. - -The above are the first assortment that has been offered for sale west -of the mountains, and will be sold at the importers prices. - - Also, on hand an elegant assortment of Looking Glasses, - -on better terms than at any other house in this city. - -A small invoice of first rate Sadlery. - -An assortment of Patent Iron Ware tinned inside. - - -BANK OF PITTSBURGH, - -2d JANUARY, 1817 - -The Directors of this institution being desirous to procure an -eligible situation on which to erect a Banking House, hereby give -notice to persons holding such that they will receive at the Bank -sealed proposals for the sale of the same until the first day of -February next. - -By order of the board, - - ALEX. JOHNSTON, JR. _Cashier_. - - -SIX OUT-LOTS FOR SALE - -These Lots are situated on Grant's Hill, adjoining Adamson Tannehill, -Esq. The intrinsic beauty of these Lots, their contiguity to -Pittsburgh, the elegant and commanding view which they afford of the -town, the surrounding country, and the Monongahela, Allegheny and Ohio -rivers, sufficiently recommend them. For terms apply to - - JOHN M'DONALD, - Smithfield Street. - - -WANTED - -10,000 merchantable deer-skins, for which a generous price will be -given--if delivered within a month from this day. - - CHARLES L. VOLZ & CO. - - -REMOVAL - -John Cowan, has removed his Bow String Manufactory, from Liberty -street, to the house lately occupied by Wm. Davis, in Diamond alley, -sign of the Bird in Hand; where he continues to manufacture -Bow-strings. He also keeps a convenient yard for Market people, to -leave their horses in, Liquors, etc. He returns the public thanks for -their liberal encouragement, and hopes to merit its continuance. - - -J. BYRNE, - -JEWELLER, MARKET STREET, - -Has just received a fresh supply of those justly esteemed and highly -approved "Medicines," prepared by W. T. Conway, No. 1, Hamilton Place, -Common Street, Boston. - -Read! Try! Judge! - -Then speak as ye Find. - - -TO BE LET - -_And possession given on or before the first of April next._ - -A Three story brick dwelling House with Kitchen, Well, Smoke-house, -Smith shop, Stable, etc. in the yard. Situate in Virgin alley, between -Wood and Smithfield streets. For terms apply at the store of the -subscriber, in Market Street, nearly opposite the Black Bear. - - JOHN WILLS. - - -LOTS FOR SALE - -IN THE CITY OF PITTSBURGH. - -The Subscribers being appointed by the President of the United States -Joint Commissioners for the purpose of selling certain Lots in the -City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the property of the United States, -in pursuance of an Act of Congress, passed 2d August, A.D. 1815: In -virtue of the said appointment, they will expose for sale at Public -Vendue, - - Lots No. 55, 56, 57, & 58, - -Being part of the site of Fort Fayette, bounded by the Allegheny -River, Hand and Penn Streets and an alley.... - -These Lots are as eligible as any vacant Lots in the City. - - -THE SUBSCRIBER OFFERS FOR SALE, - -A HOUSE AND LOT, - -Situate on the corner of Smithfield-street and Strawberry alley. The -lot is 20 feet front and 60 deep. The house stands on the back end of -the lot and rents for eighty-four dollars per year. There is room on -front for building 20 feet by 32. The property is subject to a ground -rent of seventy dollars per annum. For further particulars, apply to -the subscriber, in Virgin alley, between Wood and Liberty-streets. - - THOMAS COLLINGWOOD. - - -FIVE CENTS REWARD. - -Ran away from the subscriber, on Sunday the 1st inst. - - Andrew Jeffery - -An apprentice to the tin plate business. The above reward will be paid -if brought home, but no expences. - - GEORGE MILTENBERGER. - - -TO LET, - - and possession given immediately, - -That well known tavern sign of Capt. Lawrence on the Turnpike road two -miles from Pittsburgh.--To a person qualified to keep a public house -the terms will be made very reasonable. Apply to - - WM. B. FOSTER. - - -FOR SALE - -A Black Woman, who has six years and a half to serve, with two female -children, from 4 to 6 years of age, to serve till 28. The woman is -healthy, honest, industrious, and an excellent Cook. The owner having -no further occasion for their services will dispose of them on -moderate terms. Enquire at the Gazette Office. - - -FOR SALE, - -A Black Girl, who has eleven years and eight months to serve. She is -young, active and healthy: a good house maid and equally qualified for -farm or tavern work. As the owner has no further use for her, she will -be disposed of on moderate terms and at an accommodating credit. Apply -at the Auction Store, Market street to - - D. S. SCULLY. - - -TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD - -Ran away about the middle of September last, from the subscriber -living in Connelsville, Fayette county, Pa. a negro man named Pompey, -a slave for life, about fifty years of age, five feet six inches high, -very dark, small featured, bald head, active, much addicted to -drunkenness and impudent when in that state--has formerly resided in -Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, and affects to speak French. Took with -him a black cloth coat, a lindsey coatee, one pair blue cloth -pantaloons, one pair dimitty do and sundry other wearing apparel. -Whoever apprehends and secures the said negro so that the subscriber -may get him again, shall receive the above reward and reasonable -charges if returned. - - JOHN CAMPBELL. - - -TAKE WARNING. - -FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD. - -Ran away from the subscriber, on Saturday the 2nd day of March last, a -Negro Man named Jim, about 23 years of age, about 5 feet 10 inches -high, somewhat slender and not very black, about a chestnut colour, -has a small scar on one of his cheeks, I believe the right, the scar -appears to have been made with a knife when small, and is about one -inch long, just above the cheek bone. Whoever will apprehend said -Negro and confine him in any jail in the state of Pennsylvania or -Ohio, so that I may get him, shall have the above reward--and this is -to forewarn all persons from hiring or harbouring said Negro, under -the penalty of their lives, for after this notice, I am determined to -kill any man that I find him in the possession of, without he first -ascertains that he is legally free, and I hope all persons will be -cautious how they hire slaves. - - HEZEKIAH CONN. - -N.B. If the above described Negro is apprehended and put in jail, a -letter to me at Frontroyal, Fredrick county, Virginia, will be -immediately attended to. - - -SIX CENTS REWARD. - -Ran away from the subscriber on the 4th inst. a servant girl named -Nancy M'Carthy about 14 years of age had on when she went away a -cotton frock, green silk bunnot, fair complexion, light hair cut off -short. She is supposed to be gone to the new garrison, as she was -taken up there once before. I forewarn all persons from harbouring -her. The reward will be given, but no charges. - - WM. GRAHAM. - - -A FLAT-BOTTOMED BOAT - -Was taken up the subscriber, living at the mouth of the Four Mile Run, -on the Ohio river, on the 21st inst. She is 50 feet long, 12 feet -wide--the gunnels and gunnel plank are oak, and the rest of her -poplar. She had on board two oars lying on deck, and no stearing oar. -The owner is desired to come and prove property, pay charges, and take -her away. - - WILLIAM BURGER. - - -$30 REWARD - -Ranaway from the Subscriber on the 1st inst. an Apprentice to the -carpenter business, named - - Joseph Reever, - -about 20 years of age, dark complexion about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches -high, long sandy hair, had on when he went away a black roram hat, -black velvet round about and pantaloons of the same, he took with -him sundry articles of his own clothing and stole one pair of gray -casimere and a pair of blue striped gingham pantaloons, also a green -striped waistcoat with silver buttons and rings, also one fine cambric -muslin shirt and an old linen one marked G. F. He has a cross on his -left arm and a representation of a buffalo on the calf of his right -leg below his knee and a figure 4 on his thigh made with Indian ink, -whoever takes up said apprentice and returns him to the subscriber -shall have the above reward all reasonable charges. - - GEO. FOULK. - - -THREE CENTS AND A POUND OF - -OLD HORSE-SHOE NAILS - -REWARD! - -Strayed away from the subscriber on the 11th instant. - - John Donaldson, - -an apprentice to the blacksmith business--aged 18 years--five feet 7 -or 8 inches high--stout built--very slow in the motion--very fond of -playing ball and being idle--more proud of dress than of his work;--He -took with him no more clothes than what was on his back, which -consisted of one common shirt, a dark marsailles waistcoat, a dark -gray coattee and pantaloons, one pair stockings, one pair shoes half -worn, a neck-handkerchief, and one new black fur hat, made by Wm. -Church. No other marks are recollected. The above reward, no charges -and no thanks, will be given to any person who will return said stray. - - JAMES YOURD. - - -VALUABLE PROPERTY ON PERPETUAL LEASE - -The subscriber will Let on a Perpetual Lease the Houses, Stabling, and -Lot of ground, situate on the corner of Wood and Fifth Streets, in the -City of Pittsburg, Containing 120 feet front on Wood Street and fifty -seven on Fifth Street. The Houses, Stabling and Lot is well known: the -sign of the Turk's Head. Any Person wishing to view the property, will -apply to the subscriber next door to the sign of the Turk's Head, -Fifth Street. - - G. STEWART. - - -WILLIAM MASSON - -SAILMAKER--PITTSBURGH - -Begs leave to inform the public, that he has received from -Philadelphia, a quantity of Russia Sail Duck--also, a quantity of -Blocks, of various sizes; and that he is ready to receive orders from -any place to make sails for boats or vessels of any size--likewise -sacking bottoms, either of country cloth or Russia duck. - -From an experience of twenty years following the sea, he flatters -himself he will be enabled to give satisfaction to those who may want -any thing in his line. - - -BOAT LOST. - - _Lost at the time of the last Fresh of the River_, - - A handsome Boat, - -Twenty feet keel, painted green outside, and red inside, a heart -painted on the stern, the moulding and stern painted yellow and a keel -from stem to stern. Whoever has taken up said boat, or will give -information where she may be found, shall be handsomely rewarded, on -application to - - CHARLES IMSEN, O'Hara's Glassworks. - - -TAKEN UP A DRIFT - -In the time of the flood, in February last, a Broken Raft of Scantling -and Boards, & landed them near the foot of Sandy Creek Island, in the -Allegheny river. The subscriber supposing the owner would soon come, -and take care of his property, which he did not, and they lying in a -bad way, and a spoiling, he has drawn the raft, and secured it, and -requests the owner to come, and prove his property, pay charges, and -take it away. - - MICHAEL BRIGHT. - - - - -1816 - - -"There is always a peculiar solemnity which impresses every thoughtful -mind on the birthday of another Year. The year one thousand eight -hundred and sixteen, with all its cares, with all its bustle, its -pleasures and its pains, has gone, and now mingles with the departed -dreams of our midnight slumbers. How many of us imagined while engaged -in the din and bustle and uproar of the world, that this era would -form an important epoch in the history of man? and yet all these -thoughts have now vanished, and scarce left a record on the pages of -memory behind!" _Gazette, Jan. 14, 1817._ - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pittsburgh in 1816, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PITTSBURGH IN 1816 *** - -***** This file should be named 43259-8.txt or 43259-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/3/2/5/43259/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Pittsburgh in 1816 - Compiled by the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh on the One - Hundredth Anniversary of the Granting of the City Charter - -Author: Various - -Release Date: July 20, 2013 [EBook #43259] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PITTSBURGH IN 1816 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43259 ***</div> <div class="figcenter"><img width="267" height="450" id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="cover"></div> @@ -5140,382 +5100,7 @@ printed. </p> </div> - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pittsburgh in 1816, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PITTSBURGH IN 1816 *** - -***** This file should be named 43259-h.htm or 43259-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/3/2/5/43259/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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