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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/43202-0.txt b/43202-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6788787 --- /dev/null +++ b/43202-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1753 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Endowed Charities of Kensington, by +Edward Morton Daniel + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: The Endowed Charities of Kensington + By Whom Bequeathed, and How Administered + + +Author: Edward Morton Daniel + + + +Release Date: July 12, 2013 [eBook #43202] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ENDOWED CHARITIES OF +KENSINGTON*** + + +Transcribed from the S. Mary Abbots Parish Magazine (reprint) by David +Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org. Many thanks to the Royal Borough of +Chelsea and Kensington Libraries for allowing their copy to be used for +this transcription. + + + + + + The Endowed Charities of Kensington; + + + BY WHOM BEQUEATHED, + AND + HOW ADMINISTERED. + + * * * * * + + BY + + EDWARD MORTON DANIEL, Esq. + + * * * * * + + * * * * * + + _Reprinted from the_ “S. MARY ABBOTS PARISH MAGAZINE.” + + * * * * * + + * * * * * + + _Printed for Private Circulation_ + + + + +The Endowed Charities of Kensington; by whom Bequeathed, and how +Administered. + + + BY EDWARD MORTON DANIEL, ESQ. + +_A Paper read at a Meeting of the Kensington Ratepayers Association_, +_held at S. Mark’s Parish Rooms_, _Notting Hill_, _on Tuesday_, 21_st_ +_April_, 1891. + + [Reprinted from the “S. MARY ABBOTS PARISH MAGAZINE.”] + +AS everyone has need of charity, everyone exercises charity, and most of +us receive charity, the subject is of personal application and importance +to us all. This is the case when charity is abstractly regarded; but +when we approach the consideration of the charities of our own parish, +those which we are bound to support and upon which we have individually a +claim, our subject must excite the keenest interest. Too much cannot be +known about them in order that their benefits may be distributed amongst +the fittest subjects and most deserving persons that can be found; and in +order that those of us who are blessed with means may learn how carefully +and fruitfully any benefaction we may make in the future will be utilised +and bestowed, if placed in the hands of those administering the charities +already established in our parish. + +Perhaps the point which will strike you most, when you have learned what +I have to tell you this evening of the charities of Kensington, is the +circumstance that, from small sums of money left for purposes of charity, +great and ever growing results may spring, fulfilling purposes of good +far beyond the most sanguine anticipations in which the original donors +could have ever indulged. + +Old Faulkner, to whose quaint and interesting history of Kensington I +would refer all lovers of antiquity and curious anecdote, writing in +1820, says: “The amount of benefactions to this parish is highly +creditable to the humanity of the original founders, and it is a pleasing +as well as an important part of the duty of the historian to record +these; perhaps in few parishes in the kingdom have they been more +scrupulously observed, or more faithfully administered.” Pleasing as it +was to Faulkner seventy years ago to remark upon the then condition of +the parish charities, it will be yet more gratifying to us to observe at +the present time how greatly they have developed, and how admirably they +have been fostered, improved, and administered. Seventy years ago +Kensington was really rural, containing only three or four hamlets, or +assemblages of dwellings, a few large houses with grounds, some +celebrated nursery and market gardens, and a few distinguished +inhabitants. This is what Tickell, the poet, says about it:— + + “Here, while the town in damp and darkness lies, + They (at Kensington he means) breathe in sunshine and see azure + skies.” + +What Kensington is now we all know; would that its charities had grown in +proportion to its population. Perhaps if through your kind exertions +more attention can be drawn to the subject they may enlarge, and the +history of the future charities of Kensington prove as creditable as the +past. + +In the year 1807 a joint committee of the trustees of the poor, and of +the vestry, was appointed to consider and report, amongst other subjects, +upon the charities of the parish; and that committee undertook a most +careful and exhaustive inquiry into the matter, the results of which were +recorded in “The Report of the Kensington Committee of the 30th October, +1810.” It is needless to say that this report has now become a very rare +document. Fortunately a copy has been preserved in the archives of the +vestry, and to that copy—through the kindness of the vestry clerk, +although with all due precautions to its safe preservation—I have had +access; and thus we are enabled to make an interesting comparison between +the condition of the parish and its charities then and now. + +It appears from this report (which is as able a document as I ever read) +that the parish in 1810 contained about 1,500 rateable houses, and an +estimated population of 10,000 souls. + +It appears from the report to the vestry of the Medical Officer of Health +to the parish for the year 1888, dated July, 1889, that at the middle of +1888 the inhabited houses in the parish numbered 21,566, with an +estimated population of 177,000 persons. + +In 1810 the main charity of the parish was then, as now, the Campden +Bequests. There were also the Methwold Almshouses, the Parish Free +School, and some various other bequests of comparatively small amount for +specific objects, or for the purposes of the poor of the parish +generally. + +What are known as the Campden Bequests have a most interesting history, +and have grown from very small beginnings into a wealthy institution. +They are alike the most ancient and most important of the parish +charities. + +In 1629, Baptist Viscount Campden, of the family which built Campden +House, which has within the last sixty years extended its name to the +hill on which its stands, bequeathed the sum of £200 to two gentlemen, +and to the churchwardens of Kensington from time to time, “in trust to be +employed for the good and benefit of the poor of the parish for ever as +the trustees should think fit to establish.” This sum of £200, with £20 +added from accumulated interest and otherwise, was in 1635 expended in +the purchase of two closes of land containing fourteen acres, called +Charecrofts, situate near Shepherd’s Bush Green, a very fortunate +investment, as we shall presently find. + +Elizabeth, Viscountess Dowager Campden, the widow of the former donor, in +1644 bequeathed another sum of £200 to Sir John Thorowgood and sundry +parishioners, and to the churchwardens of Kensington, “upon trust that +they should within eighteen months purchase lands of the clear yearly +value of £10; one-half whereof should be applied from time to time for +ever for and towards the better relief of the most poor and needy people +_that be of good life and conversation_ that should be inhabiting the +said parish of Kensington; and the other half thereof should be applied +yearly for ever to put forth one poor boy or more living in said parish +to be apprenticed. The said £5 due to the poor to be paid to them +half-yearly for ever at Lady Day and Michaelmas in the church or the +porch thereof at Kensington.” + +With Lady Campden’s £200 a close called Butt’s Field was immediately +purchased, containing 5 acres 2 roods and 30 perches, and the purchase +also included 3 roods to be taken out of an adjoining field, called the +Middle Quale Field, at the south end of Butt’s Field. This purchase, we +shall find, has proved a still more profitable investment than that of +Lord Campden’s £200. + +The remaining portion of the original property, now known as the Campden +Bequests, is of a still more interesting character. In 1651, one Thomas +Coppin, in consideration of the sum of £45, sold to the same Sir John +Thorowgood and eleven of the parishioners and their heirs, “all that land +with the appurtenances at the gravel pits in Kensington, containing two +acres, in the occupation of Richard Barton.” No trust was declared in +this conveyance, but subsequent occurrences leave no doubt that it was +intended for purposes similar to those provided for by Lord and Lady +Campden’s wills. And the purchase having been made so shortly after the +two others, and at a time when the great Oliver Cromwell was the ruler of +the country under the title of Protector, and when he held property in +the parish, added to the circumstance that the gift was always +traditionally ascribed to him and known as Cromwell’s gift, appear to +leave no real doubt that it is to Oliver Cromwell that the parish owes +this addition to the charities. It will be seen that this gift and +purchase has proved no less profitable to the parish than the two others. + +Let us pause for a moment, and see of what the property of the Campden +Bequests then consisted. + +Purchased in 1635 from Lord Campden’s gift, Charecrofts, 14 £220 +acres, costing +Purchased in 1645 from Lady Campden, Butt’s Field (say), 6½ 200 +acres, costing +Purchased in 1651 from Cromwell, Gravel Pits, 2 acres, 45 +costing + Total, 22½ acres, costing £465 + +Let us now endeavour to identify these properties. + +I can make you understand where Charecrofts is situated by telling you +that the Shepherd’s Bush Station of the London and South Western Railway +now occupies a portion of the site. + +Butt’s Field comprises the frontage to the Kensington Road extending from +Gloucester Road on the west, eastward about 140 feet to Palace Gate, and +from the Kensington Road southwards to and including the whole of the +premises known as Kensington Gate. + +The Gravel Pits are now occupied by Clanricarde Gardens, and the six +shops known as Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, High Street, Notting Hill. + +It would take too long to describe the various uses to which these sites +have been put, and all the applications of the income derived from them. +Suffice it to say, that the whole was always conscientiously applied to +the purposes intended by their donors, except, that under an Act of +Parliament passed in 1777 the original parish workhouse was built upon +that part of Butt’s Field where Kensington Gate now stands, and the Act +provided that the then existing rents of the three estates, amounting to +£54, should be applied to the apprenticing of poor boys, but that any +further rents that might be obtained beyond that sum should be applied in +aid of the parish rates until the expense incurred in erecting the +workhouse should be discharged. And accordingly they were so applied +until Lady Day of 1816. This, no doubt, was a perversion of the fund, +because, although the workhouse was for the relief of the poor, still by +law all the parishioners were rated for that purpose, the rich as well as +the poor; and in proportion as anyone was relieved from the payment of +rates, so was the money diverted from the poor intended to be objects of +the bounty. However, this distinction in 1777 escaped attention; but in +the report of 1810, to which I have alluded, the point was strongly made, +and since 1816 the whole income has been applied to its proper purpose. + +As we have seen, in 1777 the total receipts from the lands were £54. + +In 1810 the Charecroft Estate £103 0 0 per annum. +produced +„ Butt’s „ „ 39 17 6 „ +,, Gravel Pits „ „ 38 0 0 + Total £180 17 6 „ + +of which £54 was applied to putting out apprentices, £29 to pay two +remaining annuities; the amount necessary for building the workhouse +having been obtained by the then fashionable expedient of settling life +annuities, while the balance of £97 17_s._ 6_d._ was applied in aid of +poor rates. + +Let me now approach much nearer our own times, and, by referring to an +elaborate report of the trustees of Campden’s Bequest appointed for the +purpose in December, 1853, ascertain what was the income derived from +these lands in 1854. Among the trustees at that time there were some +well known persons, including the Venerable Archdeacon Sinclair, the then +Vicar of Kensington, who many of us now present can well remember; the +Rev. Dr. Hessey, Vicar of S. Barnabas; Sir Henry Cole, C.B., well known +to many of us in connection with the South Kensington Museum; the Rev. E. +P. Denniss, Vicar of S. John’s, Notting Hill; and Dr. Frost, of Ladbroke +Square; who, if I mistake not, is the same Charles Maynard Frost who yet +remains an active trustee of the charity. + +In 1853 Charecrofts was let in two £99 0 0 per annum. +lots, producing +Butt’s Field, let in various lots 445 7 0 „ +(among which was the site of the old +workhouse, let at £235 a year), +producing annually +The Gravel Pits, let in various lots, 123 0 0 „ +producing + Total £667 7 0 „ + +In the year ending Lady Day, 1853, £253 had been paid in pensions to poor +persons, and £157 10_s._ applied for apprenticing poor boys, while £373 +1_s._ 5_d._ remained to the credit of the pension fund, and £308 6_s._ +7_d._, to the credit of the apprenticeship fund. + +Thus we see that the sum £465 invested in land in the years 1635 to 1651 +produced in 1777 £54; in 1810, £180 17_s._ 6_d._; and in 1853, £677 7_s._ +per annum in rents. + +And the application of the funds had, except as regards the old parish +workhouse for the period mentioned above, been in accordance with the +intention of the donors, namely:— + +The income from Lord Campden’s Bequest (Charecrofts) in pensions to the +deserving poor of the parish. + +From Lady Campden’s (Butt’s) half in such pensions, and half in +apprenticeships. + +And from Cromwell’s (Gravel Pits) three-fourths in pensions, and +one-fourth in apprenticeships. + +Meanwhile the parish had been increasing greatly in population. Other +churches had been built, and other congregations than that worshipping at +the Parish Church of S. Mary Abbots had been formed, and districts +allotted to them. Questions arose as to distribution of the charity +funds as between the inhabitants of the various districts, and in 1852 a +petition was presented to the Court of Chancery by the Incumbent and +Churchwardens of the District Church at Brompton to have them settled by +the Court under the powers of an Act of Parliament of 52 George III. And +on the 23rd December, 1852, the Court of Chancery made an order directing +that the trustees of the Campden Charities should in future apply the +profits therefrom as they had hitherto been accustomed to do; but that in +future without interfering with any pensions or contracts of +apprenticeship already entered into by them in the proportions following +among the various church districts:— + +S. Mary Abbots, Kensington 25 parts. +S. Barnabas, Kensington 9 „ +Holy Trinity, Brompton 21 „ +S. Mary’s, West Brompton 6½ „ +S. John’s, Notting Hill 17 „ +S. James, Norland 9½ „ + Total 88 „ + +Such order, it is evident, must have embarrassed the actions of the +trustees greatly, and considerably interfered with their judicious +application of the charity funds. I have not been able to refer to the +evidence upon which the order was obtained, but if, on the ground of the +distribution of the population of the parish in 1852 it had any shadow of +justice then, it would be highly unjust now, when the population of the +northern half of the parish, forming the Parliamentary district of North +Kensington, and then comprised in the church districts of S. John’s, +Notting Hill, arid S. James’, Norland, is greater than that of all the +other districts put together. + +Between 1853 and 1879 the income from the Campden Charities increased +from the £667 7_s._ to about £3,500 a year. + +Several leases of plots of ground had fallen in, and meanwhile the value +of the land had been rising enormously. Charecrofts, at Shepherd’s Bush, +formerly a nursery ground, was in 1864 let on a building lease for a term +of ninety-nine years at a ground rent of £870 per annum. In 1865 the +London and South Western Railway treated for and subsequently purchased a +part of the estate, 5 acres 2 roods 5 perches in extent, for the sum of +£10,000, which reduced the rent of the estate from £870 to £485 per +annum. + +This sum of £10,000 was for some time invested in consols, but in 1887 +was reinvested in the purchase of ground rents in the city of London. + +In 1874 a portion of Butt’s Fields was sold to the Duke of Bedford for +the sum of £18,500 (a very good price you will think) for the site of +Thorney House at the corner of Gloucester Road. In 1875 a further +portion of the estate, being 12 and 13, Hyde Park Gate, was sold to Mr. +James Watney, M.P., for £22,500. Both of these amounts were at first +invested in consols, but have since been invested in the purchase of a +freehold estate in the city called Thanet House, and in ground rents in +the city. + +In 1869 the Gravel Pits Estate was let on a building lease for +ninety-nine years at a rent of £1,040 per annum, when Clanricarde +Gardens, and Nos. 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12, High Street, Notting Hill, were +erected thereon. And advantageous leases of the remaining land were made +at greatly increased rentals from time to time as opportunity occurred. + +Such being the case, and the trustees being hampered by that curious +order of the Court of December, 1852, it was clear that the time had +arrived when the affairs of the charity should be placed upon a footing +consonant with its increased income and the greater population of the +parish. Accordingly, application was made to the Charity Commissioners, +who have been provided by the legislature with powers in that respect, +and in 1879 that body made an order vesting the lands in the official +trustee of charity lands, and approved a scheme prepared under their +superintendence, altering the qualification for the office of trustee of +the charity, defining the duties and powers of the trustees, and +directing the application of the income of the charity. That scheme, +which has since been the subject of some further orders, is practically, +but not without some important modifications, the same as the one now in +force, which I will state at length presently. + +But at the time it was objected to considerably, and at a meeting of +ratepayers held on the 3rd August, 1879, at the Vestry Hall, it was +resolved to petition the Court against it, on the grounds principally +that it limited the amounts payable in pensions and to be applied for +apprenticing poor boys, and that it abrogated the order of the Court of +the 23rd December, 1852, apportioning the distribution of the funds among +the districts of the various churches; and a petition against the scheme +was presented to the Court. Vice-Chancellor Hall was impressed by the +arguments for the petitioners, and set aside the scheme, but the Charity +Commissioners appealed, and the Court of Appeal, presided over by the +late Master of the Rolls, confirmed the order of the Charity Commission, +and, in his judgment, made some remarks of so generally interesting and +important a character that I regret time does not permit me to read them +to you. You will, however, find them recorded in vol. 45 of the “Law +Times Reports,” at page 158. + +The decision was given on, the 27th May, 1881, and accordingly the +affairs of the charity were, up to the 4th of March, 1890, regulated by +that order. + +But on the 4th March, 1890, the Charity Commissioners, on the application +of the trustees of the charity, made another order, which is the one now +in force. It is practically the same, with some important additions, as +that approved by the Court of Appeal in 1881. I now state it fully, so +that you all may learn how the affairs of the charity are regulated. + +The charity is managed by eighteen competent persons as trustees, +viz.:—Three _ex-officio_, six representative, nine co-optative. + +The three _ex-officio_ trustees are the Vicar and Churchwardens for the +time being of the parish of Kensington. + +The six representative trustees are elected—two by the Vestry of +Kensington; two by the Board of Guardians of the poor of the parish; two +by the members of the School Board for London for the Division of +Chelsea. + +The co-optative trustees must be persons residing or carrying on business +in the parish of Kensington, and are to be provisionally appointed by the +trustees, which appointment must be approved by the Charity Commissioners +before it is valid. + +The representative trustees are appointed for five years, and the +co-optative trustees for seven years. + +The income of the charity is to be applied as follows:—1st, in the +payment of the pensions and apprenticeship fees granted before the 27th +May, 1881. + +The income is then divided into two portions. + +One-half of the income, after providing for these old pensions, is to be +applied in charitable or eleemosynary purposes as follows:—(1) An annual +sum of not more than £900 nor less than £700 in the payment of pensions +to deserving and necessitous inhabitants of the parish of Kensington, who +shall have resided therein for not less than seven years next preceding +the time of their appointment, who shall not during that period have +received poor law relief, and who from age, ill-health, accident, or +infirmity shall be unable to maintain themselves by their own exertions. + +(2) The remainder of the half, after paying the £900 applicable to +pensions, to the general benefit of the poor of Kensington, to such +persons and in such way as the trustees shall consider most advantageous +to the recipients and most conducive to the formation of provident +habits, as follows:— + +1. (_a_) Subscriptions in aid of the funds of any dispensary, infirmary, +hospital, or convalescent home, upon such terms as to enable the trustees +to secure the benefit of the institution for the objects of the +charities. + +(_b_) To provident clubs or societies in the parish of Kensington for the +supply of coal, clothes, or other necessaries. + +2. Contributions towards + +(_a_) The provision of nurses for the sick and infirm. + +(_b_) The purchase of annuities for the augmentation of any income +possessed by the recipients and produced by their own exertions. + +(_c_) The cost of outfit, on entering into trade or service, of any one +under 21 years of age. + +(_d_) Passage money and outfit in aid of emigration. + +(_e_) Maintenance of any reading-room, library, or working man’s club for +the benefit of the parish. + +3. The temporary relief in money by way of loan or otherwise to an +amount not exceeding £200 in one year in case of unexpected loss, +temporary illness, or sudden destitution. The pensions above mentioned +are not to be less than £10 and not more than £26 a-year. + +The other half of the income of the charities is to be applied to +educational purposes:— + +(_a_) In payments for the education of the children of poor inhabitants +of the parish who are deaf and dumb or blind, or suffering from physical +or mental infirmity, and who thereby aggravate the difficulties of their +parents or guardians; and + +(_b_) To the advancement of children who are _bonâ fide_ residents in +Kensington, who have been scholars in a public elementary school, and who +have received certificates of good conduct from the managers, in the +following ways:— + +(1) In apprenticing children who have attended school for five years, and +in providing a suitable outfit. + +The apprenticeship premium is not to exceed £30. + +(2) In payments not exceeding £10 a-year for the benefit of children who +have attended school for not less than five years, and who have attained +a standard which releases them from compulsory attendance. Such payment +to be made only while the child regularly attends a public elementary +school. + +(3) Exhibitions for higher education of £30 a-year for five years. + +(4) In providing lectures and classes for the benefit of scholars who are +attending or have attended any public elementary school in Kensington. + +The trustees have power to raise and expend £50,000 in a building for the +purpose of such lectures or classes. + +The trustees may give rewards of £5 to apprentices for distinguished +merit. + +The trustees are bound, in administering the funds, to have regard to the +wants of the poor of every part of the parish of Kensington, and to +satisfy themselves that in each case the beneficiaries are, in respect of +poverty and character, deserving of help. And no part of the income is +ever to be applied, directly or indirectly, in aid of the poor rate of +the parish. + +I hope you notice the anxious and thoughtful care which has been taken to +secure that the funds shall be properly administered in accordance with +the true intention of the original donors, and with the needs and +circumstances of the parish at the present time. + +The gross annual income of the Campden Charity is now the magnificent sum +of £4,382 19_s._, all derived from the original investment of £465 in +land in the middle of the 17th century. + +I have pursued the interesting subject of the Campden Charities as long +as the time at our disposal will permit, and your patience can endure. I +only wish further to impress upon you that the charity has an office at +the Vestry Hall, Kensington, and a clerk, Mr. R. C. Green, to whom all +applications can be made, and who is ready at all times to give +information to anyone properly applying to him for the same. + +Those of you who care to go further into the subject, I recommend to +obtain the last annual report of the trustees, and to carefully peruse +the same. + +Some of the most interesting work done under the auspices of the trustees +is that of the handicraft classes, both for boys and girls, in which +practical instruction and carpentering for the one, and cookery and +dressmaking and mending for the other, has for some time been given at S. +Clement’s Mission Room and All Saints’ School Room. + +And I think that the powers lately given to the trustees to provide a +building and equipment for technical education have already been +exercised, and active steps are being taken for its establishment amongst +us. + +Before finally leaving the subject, I may mention that in the year 1889 +there were paid £570 in old pensions; £1,566 on the first head of +pensions and charitable aid; and £1,566 on the second head for education +and apprenticeship. + + + +II.—METHWOLD’S AND OTHER CHARITIES. + + +In 1652 Mr. William Methwold by will gave six cottages or almshouses, in +the will called “an hospital,” to form residences for six poor women. + +These almshouses were situated in what is now called Cromwell Lane, and +adjoined a house and grounds called Hale House, which had been owned and +occupied by Mr. Methwold; and this house was charged with the payment of +£24 a year to give a pension or subsistence money of £4 a year each to +six alms-women by quarterly payments of £1, at Hale House. + +The will provided that the parish in Vestry were to appoint three alms +women to the three western houses, and the owner or inhabitant of Hale +House for the time being to appoint to the three eastern houses. + +The alms women were to be single, aged 50, free from vice and of good +report, were not to be allowed to receive lodgers, and were to visit and +assist one another in sickness. + +Difficulties occurred in executing the provisions of the will, +necessitating an application to the Court of Chancery, and by a decree of +the Court dated 17th July, 1758, the charity was established according to +the will, except that the rent charge upon Hale House of £26 a year for +pensions was reduced to £18. The charity continued in this condition for +a great number of years, and the rent charge duly paid by the proprietors +of the Hale House Estate, who in 1810 were the Countess of Harrington and +Lady Fleming, both descended from John Fleming, the purchaser of Hale +House from the Methwold family. + +The committee of 1810, in their report of which I have made so much use +in preparing this paper, point out the necessity for a very careful and +vigilant attention in the selection for the benefits of this charity, +from that class of respectable poor “who may justly be entitled to +accommodation of this kind,” and the report quaintly proceeds:— + + “The committee do this the rather as the charity has been for many + years past shamefully abused by a woman in one of the _eastern_ + houses, who has suffered a man to reside with her in direct violation + of one of the express rules of the original foundation, and in + defiance of repeated remonstrances to the contrary.” + +Thomas Goodfellow, by his will dated 1597, gave a rent charge of 20_s._ a +year out of the same property as that charged by Methwold to be paid +annually to the Vicar and Churchwardens of Kensington, and this bequest +was duly established of the same decree of the Court as established +Methwold’s gift. + +The Methwold’s almshouses continued to exist until about 1871, when both +the almshouses and the Hale House Estate, out of which the rent charges +were paid, were compulsorily acquired by the Metropolitan Railway +Company, who paid a large sum to the vestry for the purchase thereof. +This put an end to the almshouses. The money received from the purchase +was invested in Government stock, and now consists of the sum of £4,922 +11_s._ 10_d._ 2¾ per cent. consolidated stock, purchased for £4,563 4_s._ +9_d._ in cash. Application was then made to the Charity Commissioners +for an order establishing a scheme for the future regulation of the +charity, which was accordingly adopted, viz.:—That the net income of the +charity be applied in pensioning poor widows or single women of good +character and reputation, and not less than 60 years of age, whose income +from all sources does not exceed £30 a year, who have resided in the +parish for not less than ten years, and have never received parochial +relief. + +These pensioners are appointed by the Vestry. It appears from the Vestry +report of 1888–9 that there were then seven women, whose ages varied from +78 to 84, in receipt of pensions from this fund, amounting in the +aggregate to £118 6_s._ + +I now come to various other gifts of small amounts, most of them of very +great antiquity, to the poor of the parish of Kensington, to all except +one of which the following remark applies:—These were gifts to secure +which the donors charged specific sums annually upon certain properties, +or left specific amounts of Government stock. + +They were not gifts of land or of money which could be or was, except in +one case, applied in the purchase of real property. Consequently the +parish has not derived the benefit from the marvellous increase of value +in lands due to the modern development of the parish which has happened +in the case of the Campden bequests. + +In 1560 Thomas Young gave for the use of the poor of the parish a rent +charge of 20_s._ a year, and of two houses in High Street, Kensington, +occupied in 1810 by Mr. Gunton, a plumber, and Mr. Cock, a shoemaker. I +have not been able to trace all the vicissitudes of this gift, but I now +find it converted into £37 18_s._ 2_d._ consuls, from which a yearly +dividend of 11_s._ 2_d._ only is derived, so that this gift, instead of +increasing in value to the poor of the parish since 1560, has actually +decreased. + +In 1617 Lady Berkeley charged a house at Kensington Gravel Pits with a +rent charge of £10 a year, payable half-yearly, to be disposed of by the +Vicar, Churchwardens, and Overseers of the poor within ten days after +being received, “to, and amongst, and for the benefit of the most _aged_ +and _impotent_ poor of the parish as they should see convenient.” + +In 1658 Thomas Sams left a rent charge of £5 a year charged upon property +in Church Lane and Holland Street, to be distributed among the poor of +Kensington by the Vicar, Churchwardens, and Overseers, and this has ever +since been regularly paid and distributed. I see that in March in the +year 1890 it produced the sum of £4 16_s._ 10_d._, so this is another +instance of a standstill property. + +In 1805 Mary Carnaby left £40 for the use of the poor, and in 1707 the +parish officers with £80, £30 of which was out of Mary Carnaby’s £40, and +the remaining £50 was a gift by Catherine Dickens in 1702, for the +specific purpose of education (as to which I shall have something to say +presently) purchased the freehold of the “Goat” public house in the High +Street in trust as to three-eighths of the rent to be distributed among +the poor. The “Goat” public house still remains, and three-eighths of +the rent now amounts to £54 12_s._ 1_d._, which is another instance of +how profitable early investments of land in the parish have proved. + +In 1794 James Mackintosh, by will, directed his wife to transfer £100 4 +per cent. annuities to the Vicar and Churchwardens of the parish, for +them “to apply the dividends thereof every Christmas in the purchase of +coals, or bread, or both, for the relief of ten poor families of the +parish who did not receive alms, as they from time to time may think most +deserving.” This stock was duly transferred, and now consists of £105 +consols, the dividend on which is £3 18_s._ 8_d._ + +In 1798 Thomas Reeves, by will, gave to the Vicar, Churchwardens and +Overseers £100 5 per cent. bank annuities, to apply the dividends thereof +“unto and for the use of, and benefit of, the poor and indigent people, +parishioners of Kensington, yearly for ever.” + +This bequest now consists of £110 7_s._ 6_d._ consols, the annual +dividend upon which amounts to £4 2_s._ + +In 1832 Elizabeth Ramsden left £500 reduced 3 per cent. stock, the +dividend on which was to be applied in keeping in order a tomb and +tablets in the parish churchyard and church, and the balance to be +applied for the benefit of the poor of the parish. + +In 1837 Mary Barnard made a gift on similar conditions, which is now +represented by £110 7_s._ consols producing an annual dividend of £2 +14_s._ 8_d._ + +The application of all the above gifts is regulated by the order of the +Court of Chancery, dated 23rd December, 1853, to which I referred just +now when dealing with the Campden bequests, and which as regards those +was (as it appears to me) fortunately abrogated by the decree of the +Court of Appeal on the 27th May, 1881, putting those charities upon their +present admirable basis. + +According to this decree of 1853, the income from the gifts I have just +been detailing has to be divided into eighty-eight parts as follows:— + + 25 88ths to S. Mary Abbot’s district, + 9 88ths to S. Barnabas, + 21 88ths to Holy Trinity, Brompton, + 6½ 88ths to S. Mary Boltons, + 17 88ths to S. John’s, Notting Hill, + 9½ 88ths to S. James’, Norland, + +and their respective proportions are distributed to the poor of these +districts by the Incumbents and Churchwardens of each district. + +The income from these gifts during the year ending Easter, 1890, was £93 +8_s._ 5_d._ + +I for one venture to doubt whether this method of distribution is the +best possible. + +In the first place it is altogether disproportionate to the present +population and to the localities now inhabited by the poor residents in +the parish. As we all know, a larger proportion both of population and +poor now reside in that part of the parish north of the Uxbridge Road, +yet the districts of S. John’s, Notting Hill, and S. James’, Norland, +which according to the order in question occupy the whole of the northern +part I am alluding to, receive only 26½ 88ths, which for the year ending +Easter, 1890, amounted to £28 1_s._ 8_d._, far less than their due +proportion. + +Then there is needless complication in dividing the income into +eighty-eight parts, splitting it up into small proportions, so that it +reaches the hands of those who have to distribute it in driblets, giving +an amount of trouble and anxiety out of all proportion to the importance +of the sums, or the benefit to those receiving them. + +I for one venture to think it would be much better to hand over all the +property now representing these gifts to the Charity Commissioners and +the Campden Trustees, to be dealt with by the latter in the same manner +as that portion of their fund allocated to charitable purposes as +distinguished from educational ones are applied. + +There are also some other gifts more recently bequeathed, which are +distributed to special purposes as directed by the donors. These are:— + +In 1840 Mr. Searle bequeathed £300 consols the dividends on which are +distributed by the Vicar and Churchwardens among poor women, sixty years +and upwards of age in single £1’s (pounds sterling) or as near thereto as +possible. + +In 1851 Mr. Shore bequeathed £120 9_s._ 8_d._, new £3 per cents. the +dividends on which are distributed by the Churchwardens and Overseers in +bread and coals, or both, but not in money. + +In 1867 Mr. Haine bequeathed £300 consols, the dividends on which after +defraying the costs of cleaning and restoring the donor’s tomb every +second year, are distributed by the Vicar and Churchwardens in the same +manner as Mr. Shore’s gift. + +In 1885 Mr. Thomas Blewitt bequeathed £1,000 to the Vicar and +Churchwardens, which was invested in the purchase of £997 10_s._ 2¾_d._ +consols, the dividends in which are first applied to the maintenance of +the testator’s grave in the Kensington Cemetery at Hanwell, and the +gravestones of his ancestors in Kensington Churchyard; and the balance +applied for the benefit of six of the oldest and most deserving poor +widows in the parish. It is gratifying to know that from this bequest +the sum of £26 6_s._ 11_d._ was so applied during the year ending Easter, +1890. + +I have attached to this paper the account showing the application of the +income of these charities during the year ending Easter, 1890. But the +unsuitableness to modern times of the prescribed method of distribution +of these charities clearly appears from these accounts. When I tell you +that five separate gentlemen distributed, one the sum of 14_s._, and the +four others 13_s._ each in that year I think you will agree with me that +it will be better to place these charities upon a more sensible footing. + + + +KENSINGTON PAROCHIAL CHARITIES. + + + _Year ended Easter_, 1890. + +The undermentioned charities are apportioned among the several +ecclesiastical districts of the parish, pursuant to an order of the Court +of Chancery, dated 22nd December, 1852, viz.:— + + £ _s._ _d._ £ _s._ _d._ +Lady Berkeley’s Gift 10 0 0 +Thomas Young’s „ 1 3 4 +Thomas Sam’s „ 4 17 6 +Elizabeth Ramsden’s Gift 13 15 0 +Mary Barnard’s „ 3 0 8 +Mary Carnaby’s „ 54 16 11 +Thomas McIntosh’s „ 3 7 4 +Thomas Reeve’s „ 3 17 0 + 94 17 9 +_Less_ +Cheque Book (stamps) 0 8 4 +Clerical Assistants, _re_ 1 3 0 +Accounts + 1 9 4 + 93 8 5 + + _The Apportionment_. + + £ _s._ _d._ +S. Mary Abbots District 25-88ths 26 10 9 +S. Barnabas ,, 9-88ths 9 11 0 +Holy Trinity „ 21-88ths 22 6 0 +S. Mary, Boltons „ 6½-88ths 6 18 0 +S. John’s ,, 17-88ths 18 1 0 +S. James, Norlands „ 9½-88ths 10 1 9 + 93 8 5 + +The undermentioned charities, having specific trusts, are distributed by +the donors, viz.:— + +Mr. SEARLE’S Gift, by the Vicar and Churchwardens, in single pounds, +among women 60 years of age and upwards. + +Mr. HAINES’ Gift, by the Vicar and Churchwardens, in bread or coals, or +both, but not in money. + +Mr. SHORE’S Gift, by the Churchwardens and Overseers, in bread or coals, +or both, but not in money. + + Charity. The Vicar of S. Capt. James, R.E., Mr. F. C. Frye, Mr. A. White, (Town) Mr. C. G. Lt.-Gen. R. M. Total. + Mary Abbots. Churchwarden. Churchwarden. Overseer. Kemball, Macdonald (Nottg. + (Brompton) Hill) Overseer. + Overseer. + £ _s._ _d._ £ _s._ _d._ £ _s._ _d._ £ _s._ _d._ £ _s._ _d._ £ _s._ _d._ £ _s._ _d._ +General 6 12 9 6 12 8 6 12 8 6 12 8 26 10 9 +Charities +applicable to +St. Mary +Abbots’ +District +Mr. Searle’s 2 15 0 2 15 2 15 0 8 5 0 +Gift +Mr. Haines’ ,, 2 15 0 2 15 0 2 15 0 8 5 0 +Mr. Shore’s „ 0 14 0 0 13 0 0 13 0 0 13 0 0 13 0 3 6 0 + 12 2 9 12 16 8 12 15 8 7 5 8 0 13 0 0 13 0 46 6 9 +Unpaid Balances:— +General +Charities +Mr. Searle’s 0 10 4 0 10 4 +Gift +Mr. Haines’ „ 0 15 4 0 15 4 + 13 8 5 12 16 8 12 15 8 7 5 8 0 13 0 0 13 0 47 12 5 + +I must now hurry on to the three remaining endowed charities of +Kensington. + +The first is the Charity known as Leech and Aisley’s Trusts. + +Margaret Leech, a lady residing in Kensington Square, by her will dated +in the year 1799, gave £1000 6 per cent. bank annuities to five trustees, +of whom the then Vicar was one, in trust to apply the interest thereof +“in the maintenance, clothing, and instruction of so many female children +as it would be sufficient to so provide for; such children being +parishioners of Kensington whose fathers and mothers, and grandfathers +and grandmothers should have been seven years successively housekeepers, +or employed as servants in the parish, and have been three years in the +same service.” The children to be appointed by the trustees, and not to +be less than seven years of age when admitted, nor to be continued after +attaining fifteen years. The interest always to remain a separate stock, +and not to be applied to any other purpose, and the charity always to +remain a distinct foundation, but the children might be placed in any +other charitable institution, but so as always to be distinguished as +children of this foundation. + +This charity, as you have perceived, is for the benefit of girls. + +Stephen Aisley, by his will dated 1805, gave so much money arising from +the realisation on his personal estate as would, when invested in +accordance with the directions in the will, produce an annual income of +£30 a year, to five trustees, of whom the Vicar was one, “in trust for +the apprenticing of boys from the Charity School of Kensington, of the +boarding establishment only, to be selected by the trustees of his will. +The £30 a year to be considered a separate fund, and not to be applied to +any other purpose.” + +You will notice the resemblance of these two bequests. It would seem as +though the respective testators had been acquaintances, and had talked +the matter over between themselves; and that Mrs. Leech had resolved to +benefit some of the poor girls of the parish, while Mr. Aisley, on the +other hand, determined in a similar manner to benefit some poor boys. +You will also notice how strongly both testators insisted that these +funds should for ever remain separate foundations, and should never be +mixed with any other. If their intention was to keep up the memory of +their names it has succeeded, for the Leech and Aisley Charity, +established so long ago, remains to this day under the same name, and the +funds are still applied as the testators directed. + +These bequests were the subject of an order of the Charity Commissioners +of the 13th July, 1880, by which the funds of both were vested in the +Official Trustees of Charitable Funds, and which regulates their present +application. It appears from this order that the property of Leech’s +Charity then consisted of £1,477 19_s._ 10_d._ new 3 per cents. and that +of Aisley’s Charity of £1,352 12_s._ 11_d._ consols. + +The order provided that both charities were in future to be administered +by seven trustees—three official, namely, the Vicar and Churchwardens of +Kensington for the time being; and four more non-official, who were to be +appointed from competent persons resident in Kensington, whose +credentials should be satisfactory to the Charity Commissioners. + +The order directs that the dividends arising from the £1,477 19_s._ +10_d._ new three per cents, representing Margaret Leech’s bequest, shall +be applied in the “maintenance, clothing, and support of girls, daughters +of deserving persons resident in Kensington, who are inmates of the +Girls’ Industrial School established in the parish, and in providing such +girls with suitable outfits upon their leaving school and entering +domestic service, or otherwise for their benefit or advancement in life; +provided that in case the trustees shall at any time consider that a girl +not in the said school, but being the child of a poor inhabitant of the +parish, is a more suitable object for the charity, such girl may be +selected.” You will notice with what tenderness the directions of Mrs. +Leech are treated and how closely they are followed in the order. + +The Industrial School for Girls mentioned in the order does not come +within the scope of my paper, since, as far as I am able to learn, it has +never become an endowed charity. It is an excellent institution, +established in 1858, with the object of providing education and a home +for girls, who “either from evil example, extreme poverty, or the death +of their parents, are exposed to temptation,” and supported entirely by +voluntary contributions. The institution was formerly carried on at 2, +Bullingham Place, Church Street, and is now merged into the Kensington +Training School for Girls, at 3, Church Street. + +It still subsists almost entirely on voluntary contribution, its only +settled income amounting to £13 9_s._ 1_d._ a-year, and is an institution +which deserves support. I trust that some charitable person may hear of +or see this paper, and thus be induced to place the Kensington Training +School for Girls among the endowed charities of Kensington by bestowing, +preferably in his lifetime, but at all events by will, a handsome +endowment upon it. + +It appears from the accounts of Leech’s Charity for the year 1890, which +I have seen, that its income for that year was £40 13_s._, and with that, +and a balance from the preceding year, it paid the sum of £44 5_s._ 6_d._ +to the Kensington Training School for Girls for the support of girls +within that institution, in strict accordance with the directions of the +donor, and the order of the Charity Commissioners. + +This order, as regards Aisley’s Charity, directed that the dividends from +the £1,352 12_s._ 11_d._ consols belonging to the charity should be +applied in the payment “of exhibitions to boys of the yearly value not +exceeding £15 a-year to boys educated at one of the public elementary +schools in the parish, either in the situation of pupil teachers, or to +assist their education at some school higher than elementary, or of +technical or professional instruction.” + +I have also examined the accounts of Aisley’s Charity for the year 1890, +and I find during that year the income of the charity was £37 5_s._ +8_d._, out of which, and from a balance of £46 9_s._ 1_d._ from preceding +years, exhibitions of varying value were paid to five boys at various +schools. + +I have next to deal with a charity as to which there was, at the time I +prepared this paper, a singular absence of information. It is called the +District School, carried on in Jenning’s Buildings. Jenning’s Buildings, +if I remember rightly, was a rookery in Kensington, and removed to make +way for Baron Grant’s house, since in its turn pulled down, and its site +occupied by Kensington Court. + +Since this lecture was delivered, Mr. J. J. Merriman, of 45, Kensington +Square, one of the most respected and distinguished of Kensington +parishioners, has most kindly given me full information as to these +Jenning’s Buildings Schools. Jenning’s Buildings are thus described in +the Report for the year 1853, of the S. Mary Abbot’s Kensington District +Visiting Society:— + + “Jenning’s Buildings is a portion of the town leading out of the High + Street, and is the chosen settlement of the Irish Romanists. It + consists of a series of courts and alleys, which, for closeness and + filth, are probably without a parallel westward of S. Paul’s. Being + a _cul de sac_, unlighted, irregularly-paved, and indifferently + supplied with water, its best-disposed inhabitants find it difficult + to cultivate the habits of civilized life. The majority give the + matter up, and seek in alcoholic and other stimulants an antidote + against wretchedness, malaria, and disease. Nowhere are the evils of + overcrowded chambers more apparent. Single rooms frequently shelter + two and even three families. Its choicest district exhibits a return + of 40 families to 18 houses; of 160 persons, exclusive of lodgers, + sleeping in 39 rooms. The entire population must exceed 1,500 souls. + Prior to the erection of the present schools it was impossible for + ladies to penetrate its recesses. The police entered its retreats in + couples. In 1847 the work of reformation commenced, and since then a + steady progress has been made. At first the school was emphatically + ‘a ragged school;’ its scholars were literally running wild and + half-naked in the streets; they outraged alike propriety and + decency.” + +The modern inhabitants of Kensington, especially those residing in its +not least-favoured spot, Kensington Court, will have a difficulty in +believing what is nevertheless the fact, that the above was a truthful +description of the state in A.D. 1853 of the spot now occupied by the +mansions and gardens of Kensington Court. + +Jenning’s Buildings School was the outcome of the earnest efforts of a +few Kensingtonians of those days, headed by that great and good man, +Archdeacon Sinclair, to deal with this sad condition of things. + +By voluntary contributions the school was established and carried on, and +there, from 1847 to 1874, devoted men and women laboured amongst the poor +Irish for their improvement, physical, mental, moral, and religious, with +success. + +In 1874 Baron Grant obtained the site of this rookery, and thereon +erected the palace, destined to be so shortly afterwards demolished and +replaced by Kensington Court, and the former inhabitants of the rookery +dispersed, many of them to take refuge in the potteries in the northern +part of the parish. The Jenning’s Buildings Schools were pulled down. +Accommodation for those of the children remaining was found in the Parish +National Schools, and out of the money received from Baron Grant on the +purchase of the site, which was received by the Charity Commissioners, +£1,600 was paid to the manager of the Parish National Schools by the +Charity Commissioners, on the twofold condition that those schools should +be worked in accordance with the 7th section of the Education Act of +1870, and should provide accommodation for the children of the Jenning’s +Buildings class. + +The balance of the money received by the Charity Commissioners from Baron +Grant for the site of the Jenning’s Buildings Schools, remained +unappropriated in the hands of the Charity Commissioners until last year, +when the attention of the manager of the Parish Schools was called to the +fact by one of the officials in the office of the Charity Commission, who +is a member of the congregation of S. Mary Abbots. A scheme was +thereupon prepared, and an order of the Charity Commissioners, dated the +21st November, 1890, was made on the application of the Vicar and +Churchwardens (the trustees of the charity), reciting that the property +of the charity is the sum of £343 3_s._ 2_d._ two and threequarter per +cent. consols, standing in the names of the official trustees of +charitable funds. And the order provided that the income of the charity +is to be applied in payments of not more than £8 a year each to the +advancement of the education of children attending public elementary +schools, and in payments to encourage continuance at school. The money +may be applied towards paying the tuition fees of the child, or it may be +deposited in a savings bank for the benefit of the child, or otherwise +applied for his or her benefit. + + + +III.—THE NATIONAL SCHOOL. + + +I now come to the only remaining charity of which I propose to treat, +which is that now representing the old Parish Free Schools, viz., the +well known schools in Church Court, adjoining the parish church of S. +Mary Abbots, now called the National and Infant Schools. + +The first endowment to this charity dates from so long ago as 1645, when +Roger Pimble gave by will two houses in High Street, Kensington, held +under a lease from Brazenose College, Oxford, for “a salary for the +maintenance of a free school in Kensington for poor men’s children in the +said town to be taught.” + +In 1652 the parish purchased the leases of the “Catherine Wheel” public +house and a small plot of land adjoining, which were accordingly conveyed +to the Churchwardens and Overseers, and other parishioners, for the use +of the parish; and in 1664 the freehold of these premises was granted by +the Lady of the Manor of Abbots, Kensington, to Christopher Batt and +others in trust “for the perpetual habitation of a schoolmaster; for the +education, teaching and instruction of poor boys and youths of the parish +of Kensington in the same messuage;” and the said schoolmaster was to be +chosen by the parishioners and inhabitants, or the majority of them. + +Catherine Dickens by will made in 1702 gave £50 to the Vicar and +Churchwardens, the income thereof to be applied for ever “for the further +maintenance of a schoolmaster belonging to the said parish, for teaching +such poor children to write and cast accounts, whose parents being +inhabitants of this parish were not able to pay for the same.” + +In 1705 Mary Carnaby, as I have already mentioned, left £40 for the use +of the poor. + +And in 1707 the Parish Officers, with £80 made up of Mr. Dicken’s £50 and +£30 out of Mary Carnaby’s £40, purchased the freehold of the “Goat” +public house in High Street, which was accordingly conveyed to trustees +on trust as to fire-eighths of the rent for the further and better +maintenance of the said schoolmaster, and as to three-eighths “to be +distributed among the poor.” + +With these endowments a school was established; there was a building in +which instruction was given and a salary provided to pay a schoolmaster +by whom the instruction was to be given. + +The history of the charity thus just established now becomes very +intricate, and it would exhaust your patience still more, without serving +any countervailing useful purpose, were I to attempt to follow the whole +matter in detail. I will therefore spare you all this, and content +myself, and I hope my hearers, by calling your attention to the more +important events. + +In 1707 a charity school was established in accordance with the notions +of those days, in which 30 boys and 20 girls were instructed, and were +also clothed in an uniform at the expense of the charity, but were not +lodged or fed, except by a dinner on Sundays to secure their attendance +at church. This object was attained by applying for subscriptions, and +it was then that the Royal bounty which the schools have up to the +present received was first granted, Queen Anne granting £50 a-year, and +Prince George of Denmark her husband, £30 a-year. The next step was to +amalgamate the free school with the new charity school which took place +in 1709, and in 1711 the old schoolhouse on the premises formerly +occupied by the “Catherine Wheel” public house was pulled down and a new +one erected, and was first used in August, 1712. The subscriptions +collected for the building were more than sufficient for the purpose, as +were also those for the carrying on the school, and the surplus was from +time to time invested, first in East India bonds, and afterwards in South +Sea annuities. + +Thomas Smith, and his son in 1721, left a house adjoining the school +premises in trust for the habitation of a schoolmaster. + +In 1732 the Rev. Dr. Millington, the then Vicar of Kensington, devised +one-third of the rent of some land at Acton to trustees for the use of +the Charity School; and some other small gifts were from time to time +made to the charity. + +In 1769 a Mrs. Randolph bequeathed, or gave in her lifetime, a sum of +£275 to the schools, which appears to have been invested in South Sea +Stock. + +Another benefactor to the parish was Mr. John Farmer, who died on the 9th +November, 1803, bequeathing his portrait to the schoolhouse, in the +modern representative of which it still hangs, and assists the school +committee in their labours by beaming upon them from the wall of the +school committee room, and a sum of £500, together with the proceeds of +the sale of his household furniture and pictures, saving the aforesaid +portrait. The furniture produced £400, making Mr. Farmer’s, benefaction +amount in money to £900, and the whole appears to have been invested in +South Sea Stock. + +At the date of the report of 1810, to which I have frequently alluded, +the property of the charity consisted of the school premises, occupying +an important site in the main road, two sums of South Sea stock, +amounting to £2,275 and £925 each, the Royal bounty, five-eighths of the +rent of the “Goat” public-house, and the rent of the land at Acton given +by Dr. Millington. And the committee recommended that some children be +boarded and longed as well as educated, and that more be educated, and +that the title be changed from “Charity School” to that of “Free School.” + +The school premises erected in 1712 by means of the subscriptions to +which allusion was just now made, was long one of the glories of +Kensington. It was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh, the constructor of +Blenheim Palace, and the fashionable architect of his time. Sir John was +also known as a great and successful courtier, as well as a dramatic +author and poet of somewhat doubtful reputation. Many of us are in a +position to criticise from memory one at least of his works, viz., the +front of these Kensington National Schools, which stood until removed to +make way for the new Town Hall. There were figures of a charity boy and +girl in the costume of the period decorating the front. Sir John +Vanbrugh seems to have satisfied the taste not only of his own but of +some succeeding generations with this building, for Faulkner, writing in +1820, speaks of it in terms of high praise, and makes a boast of +Kensington possessing it, but I must confess I personally never admired +it, and am far from regretting its destruction. + +Following on the recommendation of the committee of 1810, the charity was +reconstructed. New schoolrooms were built, still behind Sir John’s +front, which were first opened in June, 1818, on the National system of +education which had been first established in the parish in 1809. In +August, 1819, according to Faulkner, there were 140 boys and 100 girls in +the school, the whole of whom were taught by one master and one mistress, +without any assistants. Mark that, ye moderns! 70 girls were clothed, +but only 12 boys. The children were all day scholars, the hours of +attendance being from 9 to 12, and 2 to 5 on week-days, and on Sundays +twice to church. + +I now come to the more modern history of the Charity. The older +parishioners will remember the time when Archdeacon Sinclair was Vicar, +and the interest he took in the matter of the parish schools. In my +search for information on the subject I applied to the Rev. Wm. Wright, +now Rector of Sutton, near Sandy, in Bedfordshire, who was for twenty +years, from 1855 to 1875, senior Curate of Kensington under the +Archdeacon, and who acted as secretary to the schools all that time, and +he has been very kind in answering my questions. This is how Mr. Wright +describes the schools:— + + “In 1855 there was next to the Vestry Hall and Churchyard a large + room consisting of four walls, three of which were dead, _i.e._, + skylight. + + “The room was divided by masonry and folding doors; on one side was a + boys’ school and on the other a girls’ school. The building was + hideous in the extreme, internally and externally. Adjoining was a + residence for teachers, comfortless and miserable, but with a + make-believe frontage to High Street of brick work which was admired + by the ‘craft’ and the antiquarians, I should say. Behind this was a + wretched schoolroom for infants abutting on Church Court. The whole + lot of building save the frontage a miserable affair. + + “There was no boarding of children in my time. There was free + education, but leave was obtained to make a change subject to a small + free list being maintained. As to clothing, there was a partial + clothing of some children, but as the uniform of charity was + distasteful it was dropped, and the saving thereof thrown into the + educational fund of the school. + + “The question of new schools arose, and what we did was, first, to + buy up the house in Church Court next to the police station, and on + the site of it build the girls’ schools. {16} This done, it was + after a time rumoured that the adjoining houses were likely to be + sold for purposes which would destroy the quiet of the schools. We + then, secondly, bought the houses adjoining. Accommodating ourselves + to the times, we had to look out for better schools, and the thought + struck us that as the wretched room in High Street was a very + valuable site for almost any other purpose in the world than a + school, we might sell it and with the proceeds build a boys’ and + infants’ school on one of the best sites for such a thing, viz., + Church Court and on the verge of the closed churchyard. Accordingly + we sold the school site in High Street to the Vestry, and with the + money so obtained built the boys’ and infants’ schools. + + “As to the funds of the school: they were drawn upon to effect the + purchase of the close houses, and there were sums of ‘accumulated + balances’ which were at the disposal of the trustees for such + purpose. Of course when the schools were built the rents of the + houses on its site were gone for ever. There were other sources from + which help was obtained to aid the cause.” + +I am sure every one interested in Kensington will feel grateful to Mr. +Wright for kindly giving us such full and accurate information, which +probably no other man now living could have supplied. + +Exactly according to Mr. Wright’s recollection I find an order of the +Charity Commissioners dated the 15th December, 1874, sanctioning the sale +of the school site to the Vestry of Kensington for a sum of not less than +£7,100. + +This sale was effected, and upon the site was erected the new Town Hall, +which we of this generation admire as much as our forefathers did, Sir +John Vanbrugh’s school, and we are conceited enough to believe with far +more reason. + +The schools are now regulated, like most of the other charities, by an +order of the Charity Commissioners, dated the 13th August, 1875. + +That order contains a schedule of the property possessed at the date by +the Charity, and it then consisted of:— + +The sites of 3, 4, 5, and 6, Church Court, {17a} forming the site of the +proposed new schools for boys and infants, and also the school buildings +and site adjoining the girls’ schools. + +A sum of £7,543 consols standing in the names of the official trustees of +charitable funds. + +The leasehold houses bequeathed by Roger Pimble, being Nos. 51 and 53, +High Street, held from Brazenose College, Oxford, for twenty-one years, +from Lady Day, 1864, at £4, and underlet at £220 per annum. + +Five-eighths of the rent of the “Goat” public house, from Catherine +Dicken’s bequest. + +The Millington land at Acton, being 5a. 0r. 7p. copyhold {17b} of the +Manor of Acton, let at £20 per annum. + +A sum of £421 17_s._ 3_d._, representing a bequest by William Briant +Arundell made about the year 1830. + +The royal bounty of £73 10_s._ received from the Commissioners of Woods +and Forests in respect of an annual grant of £50 per annum by Queen Anne, +and £30 by Prince George of Denmark. + +And by this order of the Charity Commissioners of 13th December, 1875, +which is made “in the matter of the Charity called the National Schools +in the parish of Kensington, with the subsidiary endowments belonging +thereto,” it was directed— + +That the piece of ground being the site of Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6, Church +Court, should be held in trust by the Vicar and Churchwardens of +Kensington, “to permit the premises to be for ever appropriated and used +solely as and for a school for the instruction of children and adults of +the labouring, manufacturing, and other poorer classes of the parish of +Kensington.” + +Such school was directed to be conducted as a public elementary school +under the 7th section of the Elementary Education Act, 1870. + +The management of the school is vested in a committee named by the order, +which also provides for their future appointment, and in whom is vested +the power of engaging and discharging the teachers and regulating the +attendance fees and all other matters. + +The school remains as constituted by this order. + +A large sum of money was necessarily expended in the erection and +equipment of the new schools, so large that I find the income from rents +during the year ending 31st December, 1890, only amounted to £143 16_s._ +5_d._ (which since the charity received five-eighths of the present rent +of the “Goat” public house, which is £150 a-year, or the sum of £93 +15_s._ from that source) shows that very little other endowment is left. +{17c} + +I regret to say that I learn that the royal bounty is to be reduced for +the future to the sum of £10 10_s._ a-year, the Commissioners of Woods +and Forests declining to pay any larger sum, regulating the payments of +the royal bounty by the proportion which the contributions from the +public in the parish bears to the total property of the parish, and the +proportion which the Crown property bears to the other property in the +parish. + +On the other hand, I hear that the land at Acton is coming in for +building, find will probably shortly be sold on advantageous terms, or +leased at an increased rent. + +There is accommodation in these schools for 364 boys, 256 girls, and 260 +infants, a total of 880. + +The number of children attending during the year 1890 was 864, and +altogether the Kensington National Schools are an institution of which +the parish may well be proud. + +I have now concluded the task I set myself, of endeavouring to explain to +you the endowed charities of Kensington. + +Of course there are numberless other most admirable and deserving +charities in the parish endeavouring to provide for the temporal and +spiritual necessities of a population of 188,000 souls, but upon these +neither the scope nor the limits of my paper allow me to touch. + +May I hope that the enumeration of all these almost exclusively ancient +charitable bequests to the parish, and the slight survey of the good they +have accomplished I have been able to give this evening, may awake in the +minds and hearts of those possessing means a feeling of emulation with +their ancestors, and lead them by adding to the endowments of the +existing parish charities and by the foundation of new ones, to prove +that Kensington still deserves the reputation it has long enjoyed of an +eminently christian and charitable parish. + +May I be permitted one word relative to myself before I sit down: I +undertook the preparation of this paper some two months ago, at the +urgent request of the Secretary of the Kensington Ratepayers’ +Association. I then had no idea, nor do I think anyone else had, that I +should be called upon to take an active part in the management of these +charities to which my paper has related. + +When in the country during the Easter holidays engaged in the study of +the charities of Kensington for the purposes of this paper as a holiday +task, I heard that I had received the unsolicited and unexpected +appointment of Churchwarden of Kensington, and am therefore now to +administer as part of my duties the very charities of which I have been +discoursing. + +The labour of love I undertook in the preparation of this paper will not +then be thrown away after its immediate purpose has been served, but the +knowledge I have gained will greatly aid me in the performance of my +duties. + +And may I finally conclude by saying what I am sure we all feel and +endeavour to practice, that it is the duty of every individual to do what +he can according to his opportunities on behalf of the general cause of +charity, and that by endeavouring to ameliorate the condition of our +fellow creatures, we better and improve our own, and what is even of +greater importance, enlarge and stimulate our own hearts and sympathies. + + + + +FOOTNOTES + + +{16} Towards building the Girl’s School £500 was appropriated out of the +£2,278 8_s._ 8_d._ South Sea Stock. + +{17a} These houses apparently cost over £2,500, which was provided by +the sale of capital in 1863 and 1866. + +{17b} The land is now freehold, not copyhold, having been converted. + +{17c} The present endowment is— + +Fire-eighths of rent of the “Goat” £91 8 0 +Rent of Acton Land 26 0 0 + Stock. +Millington Charity £119 10 8 +MacIntosh 50 0 0 +Arundell’s 421 17 4 Interest 16 8 4 + £133 16 4 + + + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ENDOWED CHARITIES OF +KENSINGTON*** + + +******* This file should be named 43202-0.txt or 43202-0.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/3/2/0/43202 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: The Endowed Charities of Kensington + By Whom Bequeathed, and How Administered + + +Author: Edward Morton Daniel + + + +Release Date: July 12, 2013 [eBook #43202] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ENDOWED CHARITIES OF +KENSINGTON*** +</pre> +<p>Transcribed from the S. Mary Abbots Parish Magazine (reprint) +by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org. Many thanks to the +Royal Borough of Chelsea and Kensington Libraries for allowing +their copy to be used for this transcription.</p> +<h1>The Endowed Charities of Kensington;</h1> +<p style="text-align: center">BY WHOM BEQUEATHED,<br /> +<span class="GutSmall">AND</span><br /> +HOW ADMINISTERED.</p> + +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center"><span +class="GutSmall">BY</span></p> +<p style="text-align: center"><b>EDWARD MORTON DANIEL</b>, +<b>Esq.</b></p> + +<div class="gapspace"> </div> + +<div class="gapshortline"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center"><i>Reprinted from the</i> “S. +<span class="smcap">Mary Abbots Parish +Magazine</span>.”</p> + +<div class="gapshortline"> </div> + +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center"><i>Printed for Private +Circulation</i></p> +<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 1</span>The +Endowed Charities of Kensington; by whom Bequeathed, and how +Administered.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">By</span> +EDWARD MORTON DANIEL, <span class="smcap">Esq</span>.</p> +<p><i>A Paper read at a Meeting of the Kensington Ratepayers +Association</i>, <i>held at S. Mark’s Parish Rooms</i>, +<i>Notting Hill</i>, <i>on Tuesday</i>, 21<i>st</i> <i>April</i>, +1891.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">[Reprinted from the “S. <span +class="smcap">Mary Abbots Parish Magazine</span>.”]</p> +<p><span class="smcap">As</span> everyone has need of charity, +everyone exercises charity, and most of us receive charity, the +subject is of personal application and importance to us +all. This is the case when charity is abstractly regarded; +but when we approach the consideration of the charities of our +own parish, those which we are bound to support and upon which we +have individually a claim, our subject must excite the keenest +interest. Too much cannot be known about them in order that +their benefits may be distributed amongst the fittest subjects +and most deserving persons that can be found; and in order that +those of us who are blessed with means may learn how carefully +and fruitfully any benefaction we may make in the future will be +utilised and bestowed, if placed in the hands of those +administering the charities already established in our +parish.</p> +<p>Perhaps the point which will strike you most, when you have +learned what I have to tell you this evening of the charities of +Kensington, is the circumstance that, from small sums of money +left for purposes of charity, great and ever growing results may +spring, fulfilling purposes of good far beyond the most sanguine +anticipations in which the original donors could have ever +indulged.</p> +<p>Old Faulkner, to whose quaint and interesting history of +Kensington I would refer all lovers of antiquity and curious +anecdote, writing in 1820, says: “The amount of +benefactions to this parish is highly creditable to the humanity +of the original founders, and it is a pleasing as well as an +important part of the duty of the historian to record these; +perhaps in few parishes in the kingdom have they been more +scrupulously observed, or more faithfully +administered.” Pleasing as it was to Faulkner seventy +years ago to remark upon the then condition of the parish +charities, it will be yet more gratifying to us to observe at the +present time how greatly they have developed, and how admirably +they have been fostered, improved, and administered. +Seventy years ago Kensington was really rural, containing only +three or four hamlets, or assemblages of dwellings, a few large +houses with grounds, some celebrated nursery and market gardens, +and a few distinguished inhabitants. This is what Tickell, +the poet, says about it:—</p> +<blockquote><p>“Here, while the town in damp and darkness +lies,<br /> +They (at Kensington he means) breathe in sunshine and see azure +skies.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>What Kensington is now we all know; would that its charities +had grown in proportion to its population. Perhaps if +through your kind exertions more attention can be drawn to the +subject they may enlarge, and the history of the future charities +of Kensington prove as creditable as the past.</p> +<p>In the year 1807 a joint committee of the trustees of the +poor, and of the vestry, was appointed to consider and report, +amongst other subjects, upon the charities of the parish; and +that committee undertook a most careful and exhaustive inquiry +into the matter, the results of which were recorded in “The +Report of the Kensington Committee of the 30th October, +1810.” It is needless to say that this report has now +become a very rare document. Fortunately a copy has been +preserved in the archives of the vestry, and to that +copy—through the kindness of the vestry clerk, although +with all due precautions to its safe preservation—I have +had access; and thus we are enabled to make an interesting +comparison between the condition of the parish and its charities +then and now.</p> +<p>It appears from this report (which is as able a document as I +ever read) <a name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +2</span>that the parish in 1810 contained about 1,500 rateable +houses, and an estimated population of 10,000 souls.</p> +<p>It appears from the report to the vestry of the Medical +Officer of Health to the parish for the year 1888, dated July, +1889, that at the middle of 1888 the inhabited houses in the +parish numbered 21,566, with an estimated population of 177,000 +persons.</p> +<p>In 1810 the main charity of the parish was then, as now, the +Campden Bequests. There were also the Methwold Almshouses, +the Parish Free School, and some various other bequests of +comparatively small amount for specific objects, or for the +purposes of the poor of the parish generally.</p> +<p>What are known as the Campden Bequests have a most interesting +history, and have grown from very small beginnings into a wealthy +institution. They are alike the most ancient and most +important of the parish charities.</p> +<p>In 1629, Baptist Viscount Campden, of the family which built +Campden House, which has within the last sixty years extended its +name to the hill on which its stands, bequeathed the sum of +£200 to two gentlemen, and to the churchwardens of +Kensington from time to time, “in trust to be employed for +the good and benefit of the poor of the parish for ever as the +trustees should think fit to establish.” This sum of +£200, with £20 added from accumulated interest and +otherwise, was in 1635 expended in the purchase of two closes of +land containing fourteen acres, called Charecrofts, situate near +Shepherd’s Bush Green, a very fortunate investment, as we +shall presently find.</p> +<p>Elizabeth, Viscountess Dowager Campden, the widow of the +former donor, in 1644 bequeathed another sum of £200 to Sir +John Thorowgood and sundry parishioners, and to the churchwardens +of Kensington, “upon trust that they should within eighteen +months purchase lands of the clear yearly value of £10; +one-half whereof should be applied from time to time for ever for +and towards the better relief of the most poor and needy people +<i>that be of good life and conversation</i> that should be +inhabiting the said parish of Kensington; and the other half +thereof should be applied yearly for ever to put forth one poor +boy or more living in said parish to be apprenticed. The +said £5 due to the poor to be paid to them half-yearly for +ever at Lady Day and Michaelmas in the church or the porch +thereof at Kensington.”</p> +<p>With Lady Campden’s £200 a close called +Butt’s Field was immediately purchased, containing 5 acres +2 roods and 30 perches, and the purchase also included 3 roods to +be taken out of an adjoining field, called the Middle Quale +Field, at the south end of Butt’s Field. This +purchase, we shall find, has proved a still more profitable +investment than that of Lord Campden’s £200.</p> +<p>The remaining portion of the original property, now known as +the Campden Bequests, is of a still more interesting +character. In 1651, one Thomas Coppin, in consideration of +the sum of £45, sold to the same Sir John Thorowgood and +eleven of the parishioners and their heirs, “all that land +with the appurtenances at the gravel pits in Kensington, +containing two acres, in the occupation of Richard +Barton.” No trust was declared in this conveyance, +but subsequent occurrences leave no doubt that it was intended +for purposes similar to those provided for by Lord and Lady +Campden’s wills. And the purchase having been made so +shortly after the two others, and at a time when the great Oliver +Cromwell was the ruler of the country under the title of +Protector, and when he held property in the parish, added to the +circumstance that the gift was always traditionally ascribed to +him and known as Cromwell’s gift, appear to leave no real +doubt that it is to Oliver Cromwell that the parish owes this +addition to the charities. It will be seen that this gift +and purchase has proved no less profitable to the parish than the +two others.</p> +<p>Let us pause for a moment, and see of what the property of the +Campden Bequests then consisted.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p>Purchased in 1635 from Lord Campden’s gift, +Charecrofts, 14 acres, costing</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£220</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Purchased in 1645 from Lady Campden, Butt’s Field +(say), 6½ acres, costing</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">200</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Purchased in 1651 from Cromwell, Gravel Pits, 2 acres, +costing</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Total, 22½ acres, +costing</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£465</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 3</span>Let us +now endeavour to identify these properties.</p> +<p>I can make you understand where Charecrofts is situated by +telling you that the Shepherd’s Bush Station of the London +and South Western Railway now occupies a portion of the site.</p> +<p>Butt’s Field comprises the frontage to the Kensington +Road extending from Gloucester Road on the west, eastward about +140 feet to Palace Gate, and from the Kensington Road southwards +to and including the whole of the premises known as Kensington +Gate.</p> +<p>The Gravel Pits are now occupied by Clanricarde Gardens, and +the six shops known as Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, High Street, +Notting Hill.</p> +<p>It would take too long to describe the various uses to which +these sites have been put, and all the applications of the income +derived from them. Suffice it to say, that the whole was +always conscientiously applied to the purposes intended by their +donors, except, that under an Act of Parliament passed in 1777 +the original parish workhouse was built upon that part of +Butt’s Field where Kensington Gate now stands, and the Act +provided that the then existing rents of the three estates, +amounting to £54, should be applied to the apprenticing of +poor boys, but that any further rents that might be obtained +beyond that sum should be applied in aid of the parish rates +until the expense incurred in erecting the workhouse should be +discharged. And accordingly they were so applied until Lady +Day of 1816. This, no doubt, was a perversion of the fund, +because, although the workhouse was for the relief of the poor, +still by law all the parishioners were rated for that purpose, +the rich as well as the poor; and in proportion as anyone was +relieved from the payment of rates, so was the money diverted +from the poor intended to be objects of the bounty. +However, this distinction in 1777 escaped attention; but in the +report of 1810, to which I have alluded, the point was strongly +made, and since 1816 the whole income has been applied to its +proper purpose.</p> +<p>As we have seen, in 1777 the total receipts from the lands +were £54.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p>In 1810 the Charecroft Estate produced</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£103</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p>0 per annum.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>„ Butt’s „ „</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">39</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p> +</td> +<td><p>6 „</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>,, Gravel Pits „ „</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">38</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p>0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Total</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£180</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p> +</td> +<td><p>6 „</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>of which £54 was applied to putting out apprentices, +£29 to pay two remaining annuities; the amount necessary +for building the workhouse having been obtained by the then +fashionable expedient of settling life annuities, while the +balance of £97 17<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> was applied in aid of +poor rates.</p> +<p>Let me now approach much nearer our own times, and, by +referring to an elaborate report of the trustees of +Campden’s Bequest appointed for the purpose in December, +1853, ascertain what was the income derived from these lands in +1854. Among the trustees at that time there were some well +known persons, including the Venerable Archdeacon Sinclair, the +then Vicar of Kensington, who many of us now present can well +remember; the Rev. Dr. Hessey, Vicar of S. Barnabas; Sir Henry +Cole, C.B., well known to many of us in connection with the South +Kensington Museum; the Rev. E. P. Denniss, Vicar of S. +John’s, Notting Hill; and Dr. Frost, of Ladbroke Square; +who, if I mistake not, is the same Charles Maynard Frost who yet +remains an active trustee of the charity.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p>In 1853 Charecrofts was let in two lots, producing</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£99</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p>0 per annum.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Butt’s Field, let in various lots (among which was +the site of the old workhouse, let at £235 a year), +producing annually</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">445</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">7</p> +</td> +<td><p>0 „</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Gravel Pits, let in various lots, producing</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">123</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p>0 „</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Total</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£667</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">7</p> +</td> +<td><p>0 „</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p><a name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>In the +year ending Lady Day, 1853, £253 had been paid in pensions +to poor persons, and £157 10<i>s.</i> applied for +apprenticing poor boys, while £373 1<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i> +remained to the credit of the pension fund, and £308 +6<i>s.</i> 7<i>d.</i>, to the credit of the apprenticeship +fund.</p> +<p>Thus we see that the sum £465 invested in land in the +years 1635 to 1651 produced in 1777 £54; in 1810, +£180 17<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; and in 1853, £677 +7<i>s.</i> per annum in rents.</p> +<p>And the application of the funds had, except as regards the +old parish workhouse for the period mentioned above, been in +accordance with the intention of the donors, namely:—</p> +<p>The income from Lord Campden’s Bequest (Charecrofts) in +pensions to the deserving poor of the parish.</p> +<p>From Lady Campden’s (Butt’s) half in such +pensions, and half in apprenticeships.</p> +<p>And from Cromwell’s (Gravel Pits) three-fourths in +pensions, and one-fourth in apprenticeships.</p> +<p>Meanwhile the parish had been increasing greatly in +population. Other churches had been built, and other +congregations than that worshipping at the Parish Church of S. +Mary Abbots had been formed, and districts allotted to +them. Questions arose as to distribution of the charity +funds as between the inhabitants of the various districts, and in +1852 a petition was presented to the Court of Chancery by the +Incumbent and Churchwardens of the District Church at Brompton to +have them settled by the Court under the powers of an Act of +Parliament of 52 George III. And on the 23rd December, +1852, the Court of Chancery made an order directing that the +trustees of the Campden Charities should in future apply the +profits therefrom as they had hitherto been accustomed to do; but +that in future without interfering with any pensions or contracts +of apprenticeship already entered into by them in the proportions +following among the various church districts:—</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p>S. Mary Abbots, Kensington</p> +</td> +<td><p>25 parts.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>S. Barnabas, Kensington</p> +</td> +<td><p>9 „</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Holy Trinity, Brompton</p> +</td> +<td><p>21 „</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>S. Mary’s, West Brompton</p> +</td> +<td><p>6½ „</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>S. John’s, Notting Hill</p> +</td> +<td><p>17 „</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>S. James, Norland</p> +</td> +<td><p>9½ „</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Total</p> +</td> +<td><p>88 „</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>Such order, it is evident, must have embarrassed the actions +of the trustees greatly, and considerably interfered with their +judicious application of the charity funds. I have not been +able to refer to the evidence upon which the order was obtained, +but if, on the ground of the distribution of the population of +the parish in 1852 it had any shadow of justice then, it would be +highly unjust now, when the population of the northern half of +the parish, forming the Parliamentary district of North +Kensington, and then comprised in the church districts of S. +John’s, Notting Hill, arid S. James’, Norland, is +greater than that of all the other districts put together.</p> +<p>Between 1853 and 1879 the income from the Campden Charities +increased from the £667 7<i>s.</i> to about £3,500 a +year.</p> +<p>Several leases of plots of ground had fallen in, and meanwhile +the value of the land had been rising enormously. +Charecrofts, at Shepherd’s Bush, formerly a nursery ground, +was in 1864 let on a building lease for a term of ninety-nine +years at a ground rent of £870 per annum. In 1865 the +London and South Western Railway treated for and subsequently +purchased a part of the estate, 5 acres 2 roods 5 perches in +extent, for the sum of £10,000, which reduced the rent of +the estate from £870 to £485 per annum.</p> +<p>This sum of £10,000 was for some time invested in +consols, but in 1887 was reinvested in the purchase of ground +rents in the city of London.</p> +<p>In 1874 a portion of Butt’s Fields was sold to the Duke +of Bedford for the sum of £18,500 (a very good price you +will think) for the site of Thorney <a name="page5"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 5</span>House at the corner of Gloucester +Road. In 1875 a further portion of the estate, being 12 and +13, Hyde Park Gate, was sold to Mr. James Watney, M.P., for +£22,500. Both of these amounts were at first invested +in consols, but have since been invested in the purchase of a +freehold estate in the city called Thanet House, and in ground +rents in the city.</p> +<p>In 1869 the Gravel Pits Estate was let on a building lease for +ninety-nine years at a rent of £1,040 per annum, when +Clanricarde Gardens, and Nos. 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12, High Street, +Notting Hill, were erected thereon. And advantageous leases +of the remaining land were made at greatly increased rentals from +time to time as opportunity occurred.</p> +<p>Such being the case, and the trustees being hampered by that +curious order of the Court of December, 1852, it was clear that +the time had arrived when the affairs of the charity should be +placed upon a footing consonant with its increased income and the +greater population of the parish. Accordingly, application +was made to the Charity Commissioners, who have been provided by +the legislature with powers in that respect, and in 1879 that +body made an order vesting the lands in the official trustee of +charity lands, and approved a scheme prepared under their +superintendence, altering the qualification for the office of +trustee of the charity, defining the duties and powers of the +trustees, and directing the application of the income of the +charity. That scheme, which has since been the subject of +some further orders, is practically, but not without some +important modifications, the same as the one now in force, which +I will state at length presently.</p> +<p>But at the time it was objected to considerably, and at a +meeting of ratepayers held on the 3rd August, 1879, at the Vestry +Hall, it was resolved to petition the Court against it, on the +grounds principally that it limited the amounts payable in +pensions and to be applied for apprenticing poor boys, and that +it abrogated the order of the Court of the 23rd December, 1852, +apportioning the distribution of the funds among the districts of +the various churches; and a petition against the scheme was +presented to the Court. Vice-Chancellor Hall was impressed +by the arguments for the petitioners, and set aside the scheme, +but the Charity Commissioners appealed, and the Court of Appeal, +presided over by the late Master of the Rolls, confirmed the +order of the Charity Commission, and, in his judgment, made some +remarks of so generally interesting and important a character +that I regret time does not permit me to read them to you. +You will, however, find them recorded in vol. 45 of the +“Law Times Reports,” at page 158.</p> +<p>The decision was given on, the 27th May, 1881, and accordingly +the affairs of the charity were, up to the 4th of March, 1890, +regulated by that order.</p> +<p>But on the 4th March, 1890, the Charity Commissioners, on the +application of the trustees of the charity, made another order, +which is the one now in force. It is practically the same, +with some important additions, as that approved by the Court of +Appeal in 1881. I now state it fully, so that you all may +learn how the affairs of the charity are regulated.</p> +<p>The charity is managed by eighteen competent persons as +trustees, viz.:—Three <i>ex-officio</i>, six +representative, nine co-optative.</p> +<p>The three <i>ex-officio</i> trustees are the Vicar and +Churchwardens for the time being of the parish of Kensington.</p> +<p>The six representative trustees are elected—two by the +Vestry of Kensington; two by the Board of Guardians of the poor +of the parish; two by the members of the School Board for London +for the Division of Chelsea.</p> +<p>The co-optative trustees must be persons residing or carrying +on business in the parish of Kensington, and are to be +provisionally appointed by the trustees, which appointment must +be approved by the Charity Commissioners before it is valid.</p> +<p>The representative trustees are appointed for five years, and +the co-optative trustees for seven years.</p> +<p>The income of the charity is to be applied as +follows:—1st, in the payment of the pensions and +apprenticeship fees granted before the 27th May, 1881.</p> +<p><a name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 6</span>The +income is then divided into two portions.</p> +<p>One-half of the income, after providing for these old +pensions, is to be applied in charitable or eleemosynary purposes +as follows:—(1) An annual sum of not more than £900 +nor less than £700 in the payment of pensions to deserving +and necessitous inhabitants of the parish of Kensington, who +shall have resided therein for not less than seven years next +preceding the time of their appointment, who shall not during +that period have received poor law relief, and who from age, +ill-health, accident, or infirmity shall be unable to maintain +themselves by their own exertions.</p> +<p>(2) The remainder of the half, after paying the £900 +applicable to pensions, to the general benefit of the poor of +Kensington, to such persons and in such way as the trustees shall +consider most advantageous to the recipients and most conducive +to the formation of provident habits, as follows:—</p> +<p>1. (<i>a</i>) Subscriptions in aid of the funds of any +dispensary, infirmary, hospital, or convalescent home, upon such +terms as to enable the trustees to secure the benefit of the +institution for the objects of the charities.</p> +<p>(<i>b</i>) To provident clubs or societies in the parish of +Kensington for the supply of coal, clothes, or other +necessaries.</p> +<p>2. Contributions towards</p> +<p>(<i>a</i>) The provision of nurses for the sick and +infirm.</p> +<p>(<i>b</i>) The purchase of annuities for the augmentation of +any income possessed by the recipients and produced by their own +exertions.</p> +<p>(<i>c</i>) The cost of outfit, on entering into trade or +service, of any one under 21 years of age.</p> +<p>(<i>d</i>) Passage money and outfit in aid of emigration.</p> +<p>(<i>e</i>) Maintenance of any reading-room, library, or +working man’s club for the benefit of the parish.</p> +<p>3. The temporary relief in money by way of loan or +otherwise to an amount not exceeding £200 in one year in +case of unexpected loss, temporary illness, or sudden +destitution. The pensions above mentioned are not to be +less than £10 and not more than £26 a-year.</p> +<p>The other half of the income of the charities is to be applied +to educational purposes:—</p> +<p>(<i>a</i>) In payments for the education of the children of +poor inhabitants of the parish who are deaf and dumb or blind, or +suffering from physical or mental infirmity, and who thereby +aggravate the difficulties of their parents or guardians; and</p> +<p>(<i>b</i>) To the advancement of children who are +<i>bonâ fide</i> residents in Kensington, who have been +scholars in a public elementary school, and who have received +certificates of good conduct from the managers, in the following +ways:—</p> +<p>(1) In apprenticing children who have attended school for five +years, and in providing a suitable outfit.</p> +<p>The apprenticeship premium is not to exceed £30.</p> +<p>(2) In payments not exceeding £10 a-year for the benefit +of children who have attended school for not less than five +years, and who have attained a standard which releases them from +compulsory attendance. Such payment to be made only while +the child regularly attends a public elementary school.</p> +<p>(3) Exhibitions for higher education of £30 a-year for +five years.</p> +<p>(4) In providing lectures and classes for the benefit of +scholars who are attending or have attended any public elementary +school in Kensington.</p> +<p>The trustees have power to raise and expend £50,000 in a +building for the purpose of such lectures or classes.</p> +<p>The trustees may give rewards of £5 to apprentices for +distinguished merit.</p> +<p>The trustees are bound, in administering the funds, to have +regard to the wants of the poor of every part of the parish of +Kensington, and to satisfy themselves that in each case the +beneficiaries are, in respect of poverty and <a +name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 7</span>character, +deserving of help. And no part of the income is ever to be +applied, directly or indirectly, in aid of the poor rate of the +parish.</p> +<p>I hope you notice the anxious and thoughtful care which has +been taken to secure that the funds shall be properly +administered in accordance with the true intention of the +original donors, and with the needs and circumstances of the +parish at the present time.</p> +<p>The gross annual income of the Campden Charity is now the +magnificent sum of £4,382 19<i>s.</i>, all derived from the +original investment of £465 in land in the middle of the +17th century.</p> +<p>I have pursued the interesting subject of the Campden +Charities as long as the time at our disposal will permit, and +your patience can endure. I only wish further to impress +upon you that the charity has an office at the Vestry Hall, +Kensington, and a clerk, Mr. R. C. Green, to whom all +applications can be made, and who is ready at all times to give +information to anyone properly applying to him for the same.</p> +<p>Those of you who care to go further into the subject, I +recommend to obtain the last annual report of the trustees, and +to carefully peruse the same.</p> +<p>Some of the most interesting work done under the auspices of +the trustees is that of the handicraft classes, both for boys and +girls, in which practical instruction and carpentering for the +one, and cookery and dressmaking and mending for the other, has +for some time been given at S. Clement’s Mission Room and +All Saints’ School Room.</p> +<p>And I think that the powers lately given to the trustees to +provide a building and equipment for technical education have +already been exercised, and active steps are being taken for its +establishment amongst us.</p> +<p>Before finally leaving the subject, I may mention that in the +year 1889 there were paid £570 in old pensions; +£1,566 on the first head of pensions and charitable aid; +and £1,566 on the second head for education and +apprenticeship.</p> +<h3>II.—METHWOLD’S AND OTHER CHARITIES.</h3> +<p>In 1652 Mr. William Methwold by will gave six cottages or +almshouses, in the will called “an hospital,” to form +residences for six poor women.</p> +<p>These almshouses were situated in what is now called Cromwell +Lane, and adjoined a house and grounds called Hale House, which +had been owned and occupied by Mr. Methwold; and this house was +charged with the payment of £24 a year to give a pension or +subsistence money of £4 a year each to six alms-women by +quarterly payments of £1, at Hale House.</p> +<p>The will provided that the parish in Vestry were to appoint +three alms women to the three western houses, and the owner or +inhabitant of Hale House for the time being to appoint to the +three eastern houses.</p> +<p>The alms women were to be single, aged 50, free from vice and +of good report, were not to be allowed to receive lodgers, and +were to visit and assist one another in sickness.</p> +<p>Difficulties occurred in executing the provisions of the will, +necessitating an application to the Court of Chancery, and by a +decree of the Court dated 17th July, 1758, the charity was +established according to the will, except that the rent charge +upon Hale House of £26 a year for pensions was reduced to +£18. The charity continued in this condition for a +great number of years, and the rent charge duly paid by the +proprietors of the Hale House Estate, who in 1810 were the +Countess of Harrington and Lady Fleming, both descended from John +Fleming, the purchaser of Hale House from the Methwold +family.</p> +<p>The committee of 1810, in their report of which I have made so +much use in preparing this paper, point out the necessity for a +very careful and vigilant attention in the selection for the +benefits of this charity, from that class of respectable poor +“who may justly be entitled to accommodation of this +kind,” and the report quaintly proceeds:—</p> +<blockquote><p>“The committee do this the rather as the +charity has been for many years past shamefully abused by a woman +in one of the <i>eastern</i> houses, who has suffered a man to +reside with her in direct violation of one of the express rules +<a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 8</span>of the +original foundation, and in defiance of repeated remonstrances to +the contrary.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Thomas Goodfellow, by his will dated 1597, gave a rent charge +of 20<i>s.</i> a year out of the same property as that charged by +Methwold to be paid annually to the Vicar and Churchwardens of +Kensington, and this bequest was duly established of the same +decree of the Court as established Methwold’s gift.</p> +<p>The Methwold’s almshouses continued to exist until about +1871, when both the almshouses and the Hale House Estate, out of +which the rent charges were paid, were compulsorily acquired by +the Metropolitan Railway Company, who paid a large sum to the +vestry for the purchase thereof. This put an end to the +almshouses. The money received from the purchase was +invested in Government stock, and now consists of the sum of +£4,922 11<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> 2¾ per cent. +consolidated stock, purchased for £4,563 4<i>s.</i> +9<i>d.</i> in cash. Application was then made to the +Charity Commissioners for an order establishing a scheme for the +future regulation of the charity, which was accordingly adopted, +viz.:—That the net income of the charity be applied in +pensioning poor widows or single women of good character and +reputation, and not less than 60 years of age, whose income from +all sources does not exceed £30 a year, who have resided in +the parish for not less than ten years, and have never received +parochial relief.</p> +<p>These pensioners are appointed by the Vestry. It appears +from the Vestry report of 1888–9 that there were then seven +women, whose ages varied from 78 to 84, in receipt of pensions +from this fund, amounting in the aggregate to £118 +6<i>s.</i></p> +<p>I now come to various other gifts of small amounts, most of +them of very great antiquity, to the poor of the parish of +Kensington, to all except one of which the following remark +applies:—These were gifts to secure which the donors +charged specific sums annually upon certain properties, or left +specific amounts of Government stock.</p> +<p>They were not gifts of land or of money which could be or was, +except in one case, applied in the purchase of real +property. Consequently the parish has not derived the +benefit from the marvellous increase of value in lands due to the +modern development of the parish which has happened in the case +of the Campden bequests.</p> +<p>In 1560 Thomas Young gave for the use of the poor of the +parish a rent charge of 20<i>s.</i> a year, and of two houses in +High Street, Kensington, occupied in 1810 by Mr. Gunton, a +plumber, and Mr. Cock, a shoemaker. I have not been able to +trace all the vicissitudes of this gift, but I now find it +converted into £37 18<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i> consuls, from +which a yearly dividend of 11<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i> only is +derived, so that this gift, instead of increasing in value to the +poor of the parish since 1560, has actually decreased.</p> +<p>In 1617 Lady Berkeley charged a house at Kensington Gravel +Pits with a rent charge of £10 a year, payable half-yearly, +to be disposed of by the Vicar, Churchwardens, and Overseers of +the poor within ten days after being received, “to, and +amongst, and for the benefit of the most <i>aged</i> and +<i>impotent</i> poor of the parish as they should see +convenient.”</p> +<p>In 1658 Thomas Sams left a rent charge of £5 a year +charged upon property in Church Lane and Holland Street, to be +distributed among the poor of Kensington by the Vicar, +Churchwardens, and Overseers, and this has ever since been +regularly paid and distributed. I see that in March in the +year 1890 it produced the sum of £4 16<i>s.</i> +10<i>d.</i>, so this is another instance of a standstill +property.</p> +<p>In 1805 Mary Carnaby left £40 for the use of the poor, +and in 1707 the parish officers with £80, £30 of +which was out of Mary Carnaby’s £40, and the +remaining £50 was a gift by Catherine Dickens in 1702, for +the specific purpose of education (as to which I shall have +something to say presently) purchased the freehold of the +“Goat” public house in the High Street in trust as to +three-eighths of the rent to be distributed among the poor. +The “Goat” public house still remains, and +three-eighths of the rent now amounts to £54 12<i>s.</i> +1<i>d.</i>, which is another instance of how profitable early +investments of land in the parish have proved.</p> +<p><a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>In 1794 +James Mackintosh, by will, directed his wife to transfer +£100 4 per cent. annuities to the Vicar and Churchwardens +of the parish, for them “to apply the dividends thereof +every Christmas in the purchase of coals, or bread, or both, for +the relief of ten poor families of the parish who did not receive +alms, as they from time to time may think most +deserving.” This stock was duly transferred, and now +consists of £105 consols, the dividend on which is £3 +18<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i></p> +<p>In 1798 Thomas Reeves, by will, gave to the Vicar, +Churchwardens and Overseers £100 5 per cent. bank +annuities, to apply the dividends thereof “unto and for the +use of, and benefit of, the poor and indigent people, +parishioners of Kensington, yearly for ever.”</p> +<p>This bequest now consists of £110 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +consols, the annual dividend upon which amounts to £4 +2<i>s.</i></p> +<p>In 1832 Elizabeth Ramsden left £500 reduced 3 per cent. +stock, the dividend on which was to be applied in keeping in +order a tomb and tablets in the parish churchyard and church, and +the balance to be applied for the benefit of the poor of the +parish.</p> +<p>In 1837 Mary Barnard made a gift on similar conditions, which +is now represented by £110 7<i>s.</i> consols producing an +annual dividend of £2 14<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i></p> +<p>The application of all the above gifts is regulated by the +order of the Court of Chancery, dated 23rd December, 1853, to +which I referred just now when dealing with the Campden bequests, +and which as regards those was (as it appears to me) fortunately +abrogated by the decree of the Court of Appeal on the 27th May, +1881, putting those charities upon their present admirable +basis.</p> +<p>According to this decree of 1853, the income from the gifts I +have just been detailing has to be divided into eighty-eight +parts as follows:—</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">25</p> +</td> +<td><p>88ths to S. Mary Abbot’s district,</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +<td><p>88ths to S. Barnabas,</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">21</p> +</td> +<td><p>88ths to Holy Trinity, Brompton,</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6½</p> +</td> +<td><p>88ths to S. Mary Boltons,</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p> +</td> +<td><p>88ths to S. John’s, Notting Hill,</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9½</p> +</td> +<td><p>88ths to S. James’, Norland,</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>and their respective proportions are distributed to the poor +of these districts by the Incumbents and Churchwardens of each +district.</p> +<p>The income from these gifts during the year ending Easter, +1890, was £93 8<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i></p> +<p>I for one venture to doubt whether this method of distribution +is the best possible.</p> +<p>In the first place it is altogether disproportionate to the +present population and to the localities now inhabited by the +poor residents in the parish. As we all know, a larger +proportion both of population and poor now reside in that part of +the parish north of the Uxbridge Road, yet the districts of S. +John’s, Notting Hill, and S. James’, Norland, which +according to the order in question occupy the whole of the +northern part I am alluding to, receive only 26½ 88ths, +which for the year ending Easter, 1890, amounted to £28 +1<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>, far less than their due proportion.</p> +<p>Then there is needless complication in dividing the income +into eighty-eight parts, splitting it up into small proportions, +so that it reaches the hands of those who have to distribute it +in driblets, giving an amount of trouble and anxiety out of all +proportion to the importance of the sums, or the benefit to those +receiving them.</p> +<p>I for one venture to think it would be much better to hand +over all the property now representing these gifts to the Charity +Commissioners and the Campden Trustees, to be dealt with by the +latter in the same manner as that portion of their fund allocated +to charitable purposes as distinguished from educational ones are +applied.</p> +<p>There are also some other gifts more recently bequeathed, +which are distributed to special purposes as directed by the +donors. These are:—</p> +<p>In 1840 Mr. Searle bequeathed £300 consols the dividends +on which are <a name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +10</span>distributed by the Vicar and Churchwardens among poor +women, sixty years and upwards of age in single £1’s +(pounds sterling) or as near thereto as possible.</p> +<p>In 1851 Mr. Shore bequeathed £120 9<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>, +new £3 per cents. the dividends on which are distributed by +the Churchwardens and Overseers in bread and coals, or both, but +not in money.</p> +<p>In 1867 Mr. Haine bequeathed £300 consols, the dividends +on which after defraying the costs of cleaning and restoring the +donor’s tomb every second year, are distributed by the +Vicar and Churchwardens in the same manner as Mr. Shore’s +gift.</p> +<p>In 1885 Mr. Thomas Blewitt bequeathed £1,000 to the +Vicar and Churchwardens, which was invested in the purchase of +£997 10<i>s.</i> 2¾<i>d.</i> consols, the dividends +in which are first applied to the maintenance of the +testator’s grave in the Kensington Cemetery at Hanwell, and +the gravestones of his ancestors in Kensington Churchyard; and +the balance applied for the benefit of six of the oldest and most +deserving poor widows in the parish. It is gratifying to +know that from this bequest the sum of £26 6<i>s.</i> +11<i>d.</i> was so applied during the year ending Easter, +1890.</p> +<p>I have attached to this paper the account showing the +application of the income of these charities during the year +ending Easter, 1890. But the unsuitableness to modern times +of the prescribed method of distribution of these charities +clearly appears from these accounts. When I tell you that +five separate gentlemen distributed, one the sum of 14<i>s.</i>, +and the four others 13<i>s.</i> each in that year I think you +will agree with me that it will be better to place these +charities upon a more sensible footing.</p> +<h3>KENSINGTON PAROCHIAL CHARITIES.</h3> +<p style="text-align: center"><i>Year ended Easter</i>, 1890.</p> +<p>The undermentioned charities are apportioned among the several +ecclesiastical districts of the parish, pursuant to an order of +the Court of Chancery, dated 22nd December, 1852, +viz.:—</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Lady Berkeley’s Gift</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Thomas Young’s „</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Thomas Sam’s „</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Elizabeth Ramsden’s Gift</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mary Barnard’s „</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mary Carnaby’s „</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">54</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">16</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">11</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Thomas McIntosh’s „</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">7</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Thomas Reeve’s „</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">94</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><i>Less</i></p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Cheque Book (stamps)</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Clerical Assistants, <i>re</i> Accounts</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">93</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p style="text-align: center"><i>The Apportionment</i>.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>S. Mary Abbots District</p> +</td> +<td><p>25-88ths</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">26</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>S. Barnabas ,,</p> +</td> +<td><p>9-88ths</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">11</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Holy Trinity „</p> +</td> +<td><p>21-88ths</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">22</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>S. Mary, Boltons „</p> +</td> +<td><p>6½-88ths</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">18</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>S. John’s ,,</p> +</td> +<td><p>17-88ths</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">18</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>S. James, Norlands „</p> +</td> +<td><p>9½-88ths</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">93</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p><a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 11</span>The +undermentioned charities, having specific trusts, are distributed +by the donors, viz.:—</p> +<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Searle’s</span> Gift, by the +Vicar and Churchwardens, in single pounds, among women 60 years +of age and upwards.</p> +<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Haines</span>’ Gift, by the +Vicar and Churchwardens, in bread or coals, or both, but not in +money.</p> +<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Shore’s</span> Gift, by the +Churchwardens and Overseers, in bread or coals, or both, but not +in money.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Charity.</p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">The Vicar of S. +Mary Abbots.</p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">Capt. James, R.E., +Churchwarden.</p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">Mr. F. C. Frye, +Churchwarden.</p> +</td> +<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center">Mr. A. White, +(Town) Overseer.</p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">Mr. C. G. Kemball, +(Brompton) Overseer.</p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">Lt.-Gen. R. M. +Macdonald (Nottg. Hill) Overseer.</p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">Total.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>General Charities applicable to St. Mary Abbots’ +District</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">26</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mr. Searle’s Gift</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mr. Haines’ ,,</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mr. Shore’s „</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">14</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">16</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">7</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">5</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">46</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="24"><p>Unpaid Balances:—</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>General Charities</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mr. Searle’s Gift</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mr. Haines’ „</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">16</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">7</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">5</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">13</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">47</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p><a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 12</span>I must +now hurry on to the three remaining endowed charities of +Kensington.</p> +<p>The first is the Charity known as Leech and Aisley’s +Trusts.</p> +<p>Margaret Leech, a lady residing in Kensington Square, by her +will dated in the year 1799, gave £1000 6 per cent. bank +annuities to five trustees, of whom the then Vicar was one, in +trust to apply the interest thereof “in the maintenance, +clothing, and instruction of so many female children as it would +be sufficient to so provide for; such children being parishioners +of Kensington whose fathers and mothers, and grandfathers and +grandmothers should have been seven years successively +housekeepers, or employed as servants in the parish, and have +been three years in the same service.” The children +to be appointed by the trustees, and not to be less than seven +years of age when admitted, nor to be continued after attaining +fifteen years. The interest always to remain a separate +stock, and not to be applied to any other purpose, and the +charity always to remain a distinct foundation, but the children +might be placed in any other charitable institution, but so as +always to be distinguished as children of this foundation.</p> +<p>This charity, as you have perceived, is for the benefit of +girls.</p> +<p>Stephen Aisley, by his will dated 1805, gave so much money +arising from the realisation on his personal estate as would, +when invested in accordance with the directions in the will, +produce an annual income of £30 a year, to five trustees, +of whom the Vicar was one, “in trust for the apprenticing +of boys from the Charity School of Kensington, of the boarding +establishment only, to be selected by the trustees of his +will. The £30 a year to be considered a separate +fund, and not to be applied to any other purpose.”</p> +<p>You will notice the resemblance of these two bequests. +It would seem as though the respective testators had been +acquaintances, and had talked the matter over between themselves; +and that Mrs. Leech had resolved to benefit some of the poor +girls of the parish, while Mr. Aisley, on the other hand, +determined in a similar manner to benefit some poor boys. +You will also notice how strongly both testators insisted that +these funds should for ever remain separate foundations, and +should never be mixed with any other. If their intention +was to keep up the memory of their names it has succeeded, for +the Leech and Aisley Charity, established so long ago, remains to +this day under the same name, and the funds are still applied as +the testators directed.</p> +<p>These bequests were the subject of an order of the Charity +Commissioners of the 13th July, 1880, by which the funds of both +were vested in the Official Trustees of Charitable Funds, and +which regulates their present application. It appears from +this order that the property of Leech’s Charity then +consisted of £1,477 19<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> new 3 per +cents. and that of Aisley’s Charity of £1,352 +12<i>s.</i> 11<i>d.</i> consols.</p> +<p>The order provided that both charities were in future to be +administered by seven trustees—three official, namely, the +Vicar and Churchwardens of Kensington for the time being; and +four more non-official, who were to be appointed from competent +persons resident in Kensington, whose credentials should be +satisfactory to the Charity Commissioners.</p> +<p>The order directs that the dividends arising from the +£1,477 19<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> new three per cents, +representing Margaret Leech’s bequest, shall be applied in +the “maintenance, clothing, and support of girls, daughters +of deserving persons resident in Kensington, who are inmates of +the Girls’ Industrial School established in the parish, and +in providing such girls with suitable outfits upon their leaving +school and entering domestic service, or otherwise for their +benefit or advancement in life; provided that in case the +trustees shall at any time consider that a girl not in the said +school, but being the child of a poor inhabitant of the parish, +is a more suitable object for the charity, such girl may be +selected.” You will notice with what tenderness the +directions of Mrs. Leech are treated and how closely they are +followed in the order.</p> +<p>The Industrial School for Girls mentioned in the order does +not come within the scope of my paper, since, as far as I am able +to learn, it has never become an endowed charity. It is an +excellent institution, established in 1858, with the object of +providing education and a home for girls, who “either from +evil <a name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +13</span>example, extreme poverty, or the death of their parents, +are exposed to temptation,” and supported entirely by +voluntary contributions. The institution was formerly +carried on at 2, Bullingham Place, Church Street, and is now +merged into the Kensington Training School for Girls, at 3, +Church Street.</p> +<p>It still subsists almost entirely on voluntary contribution, +its only settled income amounting to £13 9<i>s.</i> +1<i>d.</i> a-year, and is an institution which deserves +support. I trust that some charitable person may hear of or +see this paper, and thus be induced to place the Kensington +Training School for Girls among the endowed charities of +Kensington by bestowing, preferably in his lifetime, but at all +events by will, a handsome endowment upon it.</p> +<p>It appears from the accounts of Leech’s Charity for the +year 1890, which I have seen, that its income for that year was +£40 13<i>s.</i>, and with that, and a balance from the +preceding year, it paid the sum of £44 5<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i> to the Kensington Training School for Girls for the +support of girls within that institution, in strict accordance +with the directions of the donor, and the order of the Charity +Commissioners.</p> +<p>This order, as regards Aisley’s Charity, directed that +the dividends from the £1,352 12<i>s.</i> 11<i>d.</i> +consols belonging to the charity should be applied in the payment +“of exhibitions to boys of the yearly value not exceeding +£15 a-year to boys educated at one of the public elementary +schools in the parish, either in the situation of pupil teachers, +or to assist their education at some school higher than +elementary, or of technical or professional +instruction.”</p> +<p>I have also examined the accounts of Aisley’s Charity +for the year 1890, and I find during that year the income of the +charity was £37 5<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>, out of which, and +from a balance of £46 9<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i> from preceding +years, exhibitions of varying value were paid to five boys at +various schools.</p> +<p>I have next to deal with a charity as to which there was, at +the time I prepared this paper, a singular absence of +information. It is called the District School, carried on +in Jenning’s Buildings. Jenning’s Buildings, if +I remember rightly, was a rookery in Kensington, and removed to +make way for Baron Grant’s house, since in its turn pulled +down, and its site occupied by Kensington Court.</p> +<p>Since this lecture was delivered, Mr. J. J. Merriman, of 45, +Kensington Square, one of the most respected and distinguished of +Kensington parishioners, has most kindly given me full +information as to these Jenning’s Buildings Schools. +Jenning’s Buildings are thus described in the Report for +the year 1853, of the S. Mary Abbot’s Kensington District +Visiting Society:—</p> +<blockquote><p>“Jenning’s Buildings is a portion of +the town leading out of the High Street, and is the chosen +settlement of the Irish Romanists. It consists of a series +of courts and alleys, which, for closeness and filth, are +probably without a parallel westward of S. Paul’s. +Being a <i>cul de sac</i>, unlighted, irregularly-paved, and +indifferently supplied with water, its best-disposed inhabitants +find it difficult to cultivate the habits of civilized +life. The majority give the matter up, and seek in +alcoholic and other stimulants an antidote against wretchedness, +malaria, and disease. Nowhere are the evils of overcrowded +chambers more apparent. Single rooms frequently shelter two +and even three families. Its choicest district exhibits a +return of 40 families to 18 houses; of 160 persons, exclusive of +lodgers, sleeping in 39 rooms. The entire population must +exceed 1,500 souls. Prior to the erection of the present +schools it was impossible for ladies to penetrate its +recesses. The police entered its retreats in couples. +In 1847 the work of reformation commenced, and since then a +steady progress has been made. At first the school was +emphatically ‘a ragged school;’ its scholars were +literally running wild and half-naked in the streets; they +outraged alike propriety and decency.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The modern inhabitants of Kensington, especially those +residing in its not least-favoured spot, Kensington Court, will +have a difficulty in believing what is nevertheless the fact, +that the above was a truthful description of the state in <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1853 of the spot now occupied by the +mansions and gardens of Kensington Court.</p> +<p>Jenning’s Buildings School was the outcome of the +earnest efforts of a few <a name="page14"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 14</span>Kensingtonians of those days, headed +by that great and good man, Archdeacon Sinclair, to deal with +this sad condition of things.</p> +<p>By voluntary contributions the school was established and +carried on, and there, from 1847 to 1874, devoted men and women +laboured amongst the poor Irish for their improvement, physical, +mental, moral, and religious, with success.</p> +<p>In 1874 Baron Grant obtained the site of this rookery, and +thereon erected the palace, destined to be so shortly afterwards +demolished and replaced by Kensington Court, and the former +inhabitants of the rookery dispersed, many of them to take refuge +in the potteries in the northern part of the parish. The +Jenning’s Buildings Schools were pulled down. +Accommodation for those of the children remaining was found in +the Parish National Schools, and out of the money received from +Baron Grant on the purchase of the site, which was received by +the Charity Commissioners, £1,600 was paid to the manager +of the Parish National Schools by the Charity Commissioners, on +the twofold condition that those schools should be worked in +accordance with the 7th section of the Education Act of 1870, and +should provide accommodation for the children of the +Jenning’s Buildings class.</p> +<p>The balance of the money received by the Charity Commissioners +from Baron Grant for the site of the Jenning’s Buildings +Schools, remained unappropriated in the hands of the Charity +Commissioners until last year, when the attention of the manager +of the Parish Schools was called to the fact by one of the +officials in the office of the Charity Commission, who is a +member of the congregation of S. Mary Abbots. A scheme was +thereupon prepared, and an order of the Charity Commissioners, +dated the 21st November, 1890, was made on the application of the +Vicar and Churchwardens (the trustees of the charity), reciting +that the property of the charity is the sum of £343 +3<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i> two and threequarter per cent. consols, +standing in the names of the official trustees of charitable +funds. And the order provided that the income of the +charity is to be applied in payments of not more than £8 a +year each to the advancement of the education of children +attending public elementary schools, and in payments to encourage +continuance at school. The money may be applied towards +paying the tuition fees of the child, or it may be deposited in a +savings bank for the benefit of the child, or otherwise applied +for his or her benefit.</p> +<h3>III.—THE NATIONAL SCHOOL.</h3> +<p>I now come to the only remaining charity of which I propose to +treat, which is that now representing the old Parish Free +Schools, viz., the well known schools in Church Court, adjoining +the parish church of S. Mary Abbots, now called the National and +Infant Schools.</p> +<p>The first endowment to this charity dates from so long ago as +1645, when Roger Pimble gave by will two houses in High Street, +Kensington, held under a lease from Brazenose College, Oxford, +for “a salary for the maintenance of a free school in +Kensington for poor men’s children in the said town to be +taught.”</p> +<p>In 1652 the parish purchased the leases of the +“Catherine Wheel” public house and a small plot of +land adjoining, which were accordingly conveyed to the +Churchwardens and Overseers, and other parishioners, for the use +of the parish; and in 1664 the freehold of these premises was +granted by the Lady of the Manor of Abbots, Kensington, to +Christopher Batt and others in trust “for the perpetual +habitation of a schoolmaster; for the education, teaching and +instruction of poor boys and youths of the parish of Kensington +in the same messuage;” and the said schoolmaster was to be +chosen by the parishioners and inhabitants, or the majority of +them.</p> +<p>Catherine Dickens by will made in 1702 gave £50 to the +Vicar and Churchwardens, the income thereof to be applied for +ever “for the further maintenance of a schoolmaster +belonging to the said parish, for teaching such poor children to +write and cast accounts, whose parents being inhabitants of this +parish were not able to pay for the same.”</p> +<p><a name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span>In 1705 +Mary Carnaby, as I have already mentioned, left £40 for the +use of the poor.</p> +<p>And in 1707 the Parish Officers, with £80 made up of Mr. +Dicken’s £50 and £30 out of Mary +Carnaby’s £40, purchased the freehold of the +“Goat” public house in High Street, which was +accordingly conveyed to trustees on trust as to fire-eighths of +the rent for the further and better maintenance of the said +schoolmaster, and as to three-eighths “to be distributed +among the poor.”</p> +<p>With these endowments a school was established; there was a +building in which instruction was given and a salary provided to +pay a schoolmaster by whom the instruction was to be given.</p> +<p>The history of the charity thus just established now becomes +very intricate, and it would exhaust your patience still more, +without serving any countervailing useful purpose, were I to +attempt to follow the whole matter in detail. I will +therefore spare you all this, and content myself, and I hope my +hearers, by calling your attention to the more important +events.</p> +<p>In 1707 a charity school was established in accordance with +the notions of those days, in which 30 boys and 20 girls were +instructed, and were also clothed in an uniform at the expense of +the charity, but were not lodged or fed, except by a dinner on +Sundays to secure their attendance at church. This object +was attained by applying for subscriptions, and it was then that +the Royal bounty which the schools have up to the present +received was first granted, Queen Anne granting £50 a-year, +and Prince George of Denmark her husband, £30 a-year. +The next step was to amalgamate the free school with the new +charity school which took place in 1709, and in 1711 the old +schoolhouse on the premises formerly occupied by the +“Catherine Wheel” public house was pulled down and a +new one erected, and was first used in August, 1712. The +subscriptions collected for the building were more than +sufficient for the purpose, as were also those for the carrying +on the school, and the surplus was from time to time invested, +first in East India bonds, and afterwards in South Sea +annuities.</p> +<p>Thomas Smith, and his son in 1721, left a house adjoining the +school premises in trust for the habitation of a +schoolmaster.</p> +<p>In 1732 the Rev. Dr. Millington, the then Vicar of Kensington, +devised one-third of the rent of some land at Acton to trustees +for the use of the Charity School; and some other small gifts +were from time to time made to the charity.</p> +<p>In 1769 a Mrs. Randolph bequeathed, or gave in her lifetime, a +sum of £275 to the schools, which appears to have been +invested in South Sea Stock.</p> +<p>Another benefactor to the parish was Mr. John Farmer, who died +on the 9th November, 1803, bequeathing his portrait to the +schoolhouse, in the modern representative of which it still +hangs, and assists the school committee in their labours by +beaming upon them from the wall of the school committee room, and +a sum of £500, together with the proceeds of the sale of +his household furniture and pictures, saving the aforesaid +portrait. The furniture produced £400, making Mr. +Farmer’s, benefaction amount in money to £900, and +the whole appears to have been invested in South Sea Stock.</p> +<p>At the date of the report of 1810, to which I have frequently +alluded, the property of the charity consisted of the school +premises, occupying an important site in the main road, two sums +of South Sea stock, amounting to £2,275 and £925 +each, the Royal bounty, five-eighths of the rent of the +“Goat” public-house, and the rent of the land at +Acton given by Dr. Millington. And the committee +recommended that some children be boarded and longed as well as +educated, and that more be educated, and that the title be +changed from “Charity School” to that of “Free +School.”</p> +<p>The school premises erected in 1712 by means of the +subscriptions to which allusion was just now made, was long one +of the glories of Kensington. It was designed by Sir John +Vanbrugh, the constructor of Blenheim Palace, and the fashionable +architect of his time. Sir John was also known as a great +and successful courtier, as well as a dramatic author and poet of +somewhat doubtful reputation. Many of us are in a position +to criticise from memory one at least of his works, viz., the +front of these Kensington National Schools, which stood until +removed to make way for the new Town Hall. There were +figures of a <a name="page16"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +16</span>charity boy and girl in the costume of the period +decorating the front. Sir John Vanbrugh seems to have +satisfied the taste not only of his own but of some succeeding +generations with this building, for Faulkner, writing in 1820, +speaks of it in terms of high praise, and makes a boast of +Kensington possessing it, but I must confess I personally never +admired it, and am far from regretting its destruction.</p> +<p>Following on the recommendation of the committee of 1810, the +charity was reconstructed. New schoolrooms were built, +still behind Sir John’s front, which were first opened in +June, 1818, on the National system of education which had been +first established in the parish in 1809. In August, 1819, +according to Faulkner, there were 140 boys and 100 girls in the +school, the whole of whom were taught by one master and one +mistress, without any assistants. Mark that, ye +moderns! 70 girls were clothed, but only 12 boys. The +children were all day scholars, the hours of attendance being +from 9 to 12, and 2 to 5 on week-days, and on Sundays twice to +church.</p> +<p>I now come to the more modern history of the Charity. +The older parishioners will remember the time when Archdeacon +Sinclair was Vicar, and the interest he took in the matter of the +parish schools. In my search for information on the subject +I applied to the Rev. Wm. Wright, now Rector of Sutton, near +Sandy, in Bedfordshire, who was for twenty years, from 1855 to +1875, senior Curate of Kensington under the Archdeacon, and who +acted as secretary to the schools all that time, and he has been +very kind in answering my questions. This is how Mr. Wright +describes the schools:—</p> +<blockquote><p>“In 1855 there was next to the Vestry Hall +and Churchyard a large room consisting of four walls, three of +which were dead, <i>i.e.</i>, skylight.</p> +<p>“The room was divided by masonry and folding doors; on +one side was a boys’ school and on the other a girls’ +school. The building was hideous in the extreme, internally +and externally. Adjoining was a residence for teachers, +comfortless and miserable, but with a make-believe frontage to +High Street of brick work which was admired by the +‘craft’ and the antiquarians, I should say. +Behind this was a wretched schoolroom for infants abutting on +Church Court. The whole lot of building save the frontage a +miserable affair.</p> +<p>“There was no boarding of children in my time. +There was free education, but leave was obtained to make a change +subject to a small free list being maintained. As to +clothing, there was a partial clothing of some children, but as +the uniform of charity was distasteful it was dropped, and the +saving thereof thrown into the educational fund of the +school.</p> +<p>“The question of new schools arose, and what we did was, +first, to buy up the house in Church Court next to the police +station, and on the site of it build the girls’ schools. <a +name="citation16"></a><a href="#footnote16" +class="citation">[16]</a> This done, it was after a time +rumoured that the adjoining houses were likely to be sold for +purposes which would destroy the quiet of the schools. We +then, secondly, bought the houses adjoining. Accommodating +ourselves to the times, we had to look out for better schools, +and the thought struck us that as the wretched room in High +Street was a very valuable site for almost any other purpose in +the world than a school, we might sell it and with the proceeds +build a boys’ and infants’ school on one of the best +sites for such a thing, viz., Church Court and on the verge of +the closed churchyard. Accordingly we sold the school site +in High Street to the Vestry, and with the money so obtained +built the boys’ and infants’ schools.</p> +<p>“As to the funds of the school: they were drawn upon to +effect the purchase of the close houses, and there were sums of +‘accumulated balances’ which were at the disposal of +the trustees for such purpose. Of course when the schools +were built the rents of the houses on its site were gone for +ever. There were other sources from which help was obtained +to aid the cause.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I am sure every one interested in Kensington will feel +grateful to Mr. Wright for kindly giving us such full and +accurate information, which probably no other man now living +could have supplied.</p> +<p>Exactly according to Mr. Wright’s recollection I find an +order of the Charity <a name="page17"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 17</span>Commissioners dated the 15th +December, 1874, sanctioning the sale of the school site to the +Vestry of Kensington for a sum of not less than £7,100.</p> +<p>This sale was effected, and upon the site was erected the new +Town Hall, which we of this generation admire as much as our +forefathers did, Sir John Vanbrugh’s school, and we are +conceited enough to believe with far more reason.</p> +<p>The schools are now regulated, like most of the other +charities, by an order of the Charity Commissioners, dated the +13th August, 1875.</p> +<p>That order contains a schedule of the property possessed at +the date by the Charity, and it then consisted of:—</p> +<p>The sites of 3, 4, 5, and 6, Church Court, <a +name="citation17a"></a><a href="#footnote17a" +class="citation">[17a]</a> forming the site of the proposed new +schools for boys and infants, and also the school buildings and +site adjoining the girls’ schools.</p> +<p>A sum of £7,543 consols standing in the names of the +official trustees of charitable funds.</p> +<p>The leasehold houses bequeathed by Roger Pimble, being Nos. 51 +and 53, High Street, held from Brazenose College, Oxford, for +twenty-one years, from Lady Day, 1864, at £4, and underlet +at £220 per annum.</p> +<p>Five-eighths of the rent of the “Goat” public +house, from Catherine Dicken’s bequest.</p> +<p>The Millington land at Acton, being 5a. 0r. 7p. copyhold <a +name="citation17b"></a><a href="#footnote17b" +class="citation">[17b]</a> of the Manor of Acton, let at +£20 per annum.</p> +<p>A sum of £421 17<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>, representing a +bequest by William Briant Arundell made about the year 1830.</p> +<p>The royal bounty of £73 10<i>s.</i> received from the +Commissioners of Woods and Forests in respect of an annual grant +of £50 per annum by Queen Anne, and £30 by Prince +George of Denmark.</p> +<p>And by this order of the Charity Commissioners of 13th +December, 1875, which is made “in the matter of the Charity +called the National Schools in the parish of Kensington, with the +subsidiary endowments belonging thereto,” it was +directed—</p> +<p>That the piece of ground being the site of Nos. 3, 4, 5, and +6, Church Court, should be held in trust by the Vicar and +Churchwardens of Kensington, “to permit the premises to be +for ever appropriated and used solely as and for a school for the +instruction of children and adults of the labouring, +manufacturing, and other poorer classes of the parish of +Kensington.”</p> +<p>Such school was directed to be conducted as a public +elementary school under the 7th section of the Elementary +Education Act, 1870.</p> +<p>The management of the school is vested in a committee named by +the order, which also provides for their future appointment, and +in whom is vested the power of engaging and discharging the +teachers and regulating the attendance fees and all other +matters.</p> +<p>The school remains as constituted by this order.</p> +<p>A large sum of money was necessarily expended in the erection +and equipment of the new schools, so large that I find the income +from rents during the year ending 31st December, 1890, only +amounted to £143 16<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i> (which since the +charity received five-eighths of the present rent of the +“Goat” public house, which is £150 a-year, or +the sum of £93 15<i>s.</i> from that source) shows that +very little other endowment is left. <a name="citation17c"></a><a +href="#footnote17c" class="citation">[17c]</a></p> +<p><a name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>I +regret to say that I learn that the royal bounty is to be reduced +for the future to the sum of £10 10<i>s.</i> a-year, the +Commissioners of Woods and Forests declining to pay any larger +sum, regulating the payments of the royal bounty by the +proportion which the contributions from the public in the parish +bears to the total property of the parish, and the proportion +which the Crown property bears to the other property in the +parish.</p> +<p>On the other hand, I hear that the land at Acton is coming in +for building, find will probably shortly be sold on advantageous +terms, or leased at an increased rent.</p> +<p>There is accommodation in these schools for 364 boys, 256 +girls, and 260 infants, a total of 880.</p> +<p>The number of children attending during the year 1890 was 864, +and altogether the Kensington National Schools are an institution +of which the parish may well be proud.</p> +<p>I have now concluded the task I set myself, of endeavouring to +explain to you the endowed charities of Kensington.</p> +<p>Of course there are numberless other most admirable and +deserving charities in the parish endeavouring to provide for the +temporal and spiritual necessities of a population of 188,000 +souls, but upon these neither the scope nor the limits of my +paper allow me to touch.</p> +<p>May I hope that the enumeration of all these almost +exclusively ancient charitable bequests to the parish, and the +slight survey of the good they have accomplished I have been able +to give this evening, may awake in the minds and hearts of those +possessing means a feeling of emulation with their ancestors, and +lead them by adding to the endowments of the existing parish +charities and by the foundation of new ones, to prove that +Kensington still deserves the reputation it has long enjoyed of +an eminently christian and charitable parish.</p> +<p>May I be permitted one word relative to myself before I sit +down: I undertook the preparation of this paper some two months +ago, at the urgent request of the Secretary of the Kensington +Ratepayers’ Association. I then had no idea, nor do I +think anyone else had, that I should be called upon to take an +active part in the management of these charities to which my +paper has related.</p> +<p>When in the country during the Easter holidays engaged in the +study of the charities of Kensington for the purposes of this +paper as a holiday task, I heard that I had received the +unsolicited and unexpected appointment of Churchwarden of +Kensington, and am therefore now to administer as part of my +duties the very charities of which I have been discoursing.</p> +<p>The labour of love I undertook in the preparation of this +paper will not then be thrown away after its immediate purpose +has been served, but the knowledge I have gained will greatly aid +me in the performance of my duties.</p> +<p>And may I finally conclude by saying what I am sure we all +feel and endeavour to practice, that it is the duty of every +individual to do what he can according to his opportunities on +behalf of the general cause of charity, and that by endeavouring +to ameliorate the condition of our fellow creatures, we better +and improve our own, and what is even of greater importance, +enlarge and stimulate our own hearts and sympathies.</p> +<h2>FOOTNOTES</h2> +<p><a name="footnote16"></a><a href="#citation16" +class="footnote">[16]</a> Towards building the Girl’s +School £500 was appropriated out of the £2,278 +8<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> South Sea Stock.</p> +<p><a name="footnote17a"></a><a href="#citation17a" +class="footnote">[17a]</a> These houses apparently cost +over £2,500, which was provided by the sale of capital in +1863 and 1866.</p> +<p><a name="footnote17b"></a><a href="#citation17b" +class="footnote">[17b]</a> The land is now freehold, not +copyhold, having been converted.</p> +<p><a name="footnote17c"></a><a href="#citation17c" +class="footnote">[17c]</a> The present endowment +is—</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><p>Fire-eighths of rent of the +“Goat”</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£91</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><p>Rent of Acton Land</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">26</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="8"><p style="text-align: center">Stock.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Millington Charity</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£119</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td colspan="4"><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>MacIntosh</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">50</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> +</td> +<td colspan="4"><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Arundell’s</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">421</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +<td><p>Interest</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">16</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">£133</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">16</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ENDOWED CHARITIES OF +KENSINGTON***</p> +<pre> + + +***** This file should be named 43202-h.htm or 43202-h.zip****** + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/3/2/0/43202 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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