diff options
Diffstat (limited to '41476.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 41476.txt | 3778 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 3778 deletions
diff --git a/41476.txt b/41476.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ca2b831..0000000 --- a/41476.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3778 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 134, May -22, 1852, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 134, May 22, 1852 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Bell - -Release Date: November 24, 2012 [EBook #41476] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTE AND QUERIES, MAY 22, 1852 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) - - - - - -[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been -standardized. {Old English} style letters have been shown in {braces}. -Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal sign, -as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top; [p=] shows a letter p with -a stroke through the descender. Underscores have been used to indicate -_italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has -been added at the end.] - - - - -NOTES AND QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION - -FOR - -LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - -"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - -VOL. V.--No. 134. SATURDAY, MAY 22. 1852. - -Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._ - - - - -CONTENTS. - - Page - - - NOTES:-- - - A few Things about Richard Baxter, by H. M. Bealby 481 - - Latin Song by Andrew Boorde, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 482 - - Shakspeare Notes 483 - - Publications of the Stuttgart Society, by F. Norgate 484 - - Manuscript Shakspeare Emendations, by J. O. Halliwell 484 - - The Grave-stone of Joe Miller 485 - - Folk Lore:--Swearing on a Skull--New Moon--Rust 485 - - Minor Notes:--Epitaph at Low Moor--Sir Thomas Overbury's - Epitaph--Bibliotheca Literaria--Inscription at Dundrah - Castle--Derivation of Charing 486 - - QUERIES:-- - - Poem by Nicholas Breton 487 - - The Virtuosi, or St. Luke's Club 487 - - The Rabbit as a Symbol 487 - - Is Wyld's Great Globe a Plagiarism from Molenax? by - John Petheram 488 - - Minor Queries:--Poem on the Burning of the Houses of - Parliament--Newton's Library--Meaning of Royd--The - Cromwell Family--Sir John Darnell, Knt.--Royal - "We"--Gondomar--Wallington's Journal--Epistola - Lucifera, &c.--Cambrian Literature--"VCRIMDR" on - Coins of Vabalathus--Lines on Woman--Penkenol--Fairfax - Family Mansion--Postman and Tubman in the Court of - Exchequer--Second Exhumation of King Arthur's Remains, - &c. 488 - - MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Welsh Women's Hats--Pancakes - on Shrove Tuesday--Shakspeare, Tennyson, and Claudian 491 - - REPLIES:-- - - The Ring Finger 492 - - The Moravian Hymns 492 - - Cagots 493 - - Sheriffs and Lords Lieutenant 494 - - St. Christopher 494 - - General Pardons: Sir John Trenchard, by E. S. Taylor 496 - - Replies to Minor Queries:--Dayesman--Bull; Dun--Algernon - Sidney--Age of Trees--Emaciated Monumental Effigies--Bee - Park--Sally Lunn--Baxter's Pulpit--Lothian's Scottish - Historical Maps--British Ambassadors--Knollys - Family--'Prentice Pillars; 'Prentice Windows--St. - Bartholomew--Sun-dial Inscription--History of - Faction--Barnacles--Family Likenesses--Merchant - Adventurers to Spain--Exeter Controversy--Corrupted - Names of Places--Poison--Vikingr Skotar--Rhymes on - Places--"We three"--Burning Fern brings Rain--Plague - Stones--Sneezing--Abbot of Croyland's Motto--Derivation - of the Word "Azores"--Scologlandis and Scologi 497 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Notes on Books, &c. 501 - - Books and Odd Volumes wanted 502 - - Notices to Correspondents 502 - - Advertisements 503 - - - - -Notes. - - -A FEW THINGS ABOUT RICHARD BAXTER. - -In the year 1836, I visited Kidderminster for the purpose of seeing the -place where Richard Baxter spent fourteen of the most valuable years of -his life; and of ascertaining if any relics were to be found connected -with the history of this remarkable man. Baxter thought much of -Kidderminster, for with strong feeling he says, respecting this place, -in his poem on "Love breathing Thanks and Praise" (_Poetical Fragments_, -1st edit. 1681):-- - - "But among all, none did so much abound, - With fruitful mercies, as that barren ground, - Where I did make my best and longest stay, - And bore the heat and burden of the day; - Mercies grew thicker there than summer flowers: - They over-numbered my daies and hours. - There was my dearest flock, and special charge, - Our hearts in mutual love thou didst enlarge: - 'Twas there that mercy did my labours bless, - With the most great and wonderful success." - -While prosecuting my inquiries, I was shown the house in which he is -said to have resided. It is situated in the High Street, and was, at the -time of my visit, inhabited by a grocer; but I had my doubts, from a -difference of opinion I heard stated as to this being the actual house. -After looking at this house, I visited the vestry of the Unitarian -Chapel, and examined the pulpit; the description of which given by your -correspondent is very correct. He omits to mention Job Orton's chair, -which was shown me, as well as that of Bishop Hall. From all I could -learn at the time, and since, I should say that there is not the -slightest probability of any engraving having been published of this -pulpit. Sketches may have been made by private hands, but nothing I -believe in this way has ever been given to the public. I have long taken -a deep interest in everything, pertaining to Richard Baxter. I some -years ago collected ninety-seven out of the one hundred and sixty-eight -works which he wrote, most of them the original editions, and -principally on controversial subjects. After they had served the purpose -for which I purchased them, I parted with them, reserving to myself the -first editions of the choicest of his practical writings. The folio -edition of his works contains only his practical treatises. One of the -most remarkable facts connected with the history of Baxter, is the -prodigious amount of mechanical drudgery to which he must have patiently -submitted in the production of his varied publications. He had a very -delicate frame: he was continually unwell, and often greatly afflicted. -To this constant ailment of body he refers in a very affecting note in -his _Paraphrase on the New Testament_ under the fifth verse in the fifth -chapter of the Gospel of St. John. The reference is to the impotent man -at the pool of Bethesda, who had an infirmity thirty and eight years. - - _Note._ "How great a mercy is it, to live eight and thirty years - under God's wholesome discipline? How inexcusable was this man, if - he had been proud, or worldly, or careless of his everlasting - state? O my God! I thank thee for the like discipline of eight and - fifty years. How safe a life is this, in comparison of full - prosperity and pleasure." - -His ministerial duties were of an arduous nature, and yet he found time -to write largely on theological subjects, and to plunge perpetually into -theological controversy. The _Saint's Rest_, by which his fame will ever -be perpetuated, was published in 1619, 4to. It is in four parts, and -dedicated respectively to the inhabitants of Kidderminster, Bridgenorth, -Coventry, and Shrewsbury. It was the first book he wrote, and the second -he published (_The Aphorisms of Justification_ being the first -published): it was written under the daily expectation of dying. The -names of Brook, Hampden, and Pym, which have a place in the first -edition, are, singularly enough, omitted in the later ones. Fifty years -after the appearance of the _Saint's Rest_, and a few months only before -his death, he published the strangest of all his productions; it is-- - - "The Certainty of the World of Spirits, fully evinced by - unquestionable Histories of Apparitions and Witchcrafts, - Operations, Voices, &c. Proving the Immortality of Souls, the - Malice and Misery of Devils and the Damned, and the Blessedness of - the Justified. Written for the Conviction of Sadducees and - Infidels." - - 12mo. 1691. - -His _Reliquiae Baxterianae_, folio, 1686, is the text-book for the actual -every-day life of this eminent divine. - - H. M. BEALBY. - - North Brixton. - - -LATIN SONG BY ANDREW BOORDE. - -The life of this "progenitor of Merry Andrew," as he is termed, would, -if minutely examined, doubtless prove a curious piece of biography. Wood -furnishes many particulars, but some of his statements want -confirmation. He tells us that Boorde was borne at Pevensey in Sussex; -but Hearne corrects him, and says it was at Bounds Hill in the same -county. It then becomes a question whether he was educated at Winchester -school. Certain it is that he was of Oxford, although he left without -taking a degree, and became a brother of the Carthusian order in London. -We next find him studying physic in his old university, and subsequently -travelling through most parts of Europe, and even of Africa. On his -return to England, he settled at Winchester, and practised as a -physician. Afterwards we find him in London occupying a tenement in the -parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. This appears to have been the period -when, in his professional capacity, King Henry VIII. is said to have -consulted him. How long he remained in London is uncertain, but in 1541 -he was living at Montpelier in France, where he is supposed to have -taken the degree of doctor in physic, in which he was afterwards -incorporated at Oxford. He subsequently lived at Pevensey, and again at -Winchester. At last we find him a prisoner in the Fleet--the cause has -yet to be learned,--at which place he died in April, 1549. The following -curious relic is transcribed from the flyleaf of a copy of _The Breviary -of Health_, 4to., London, 1547. It is signed "Andrew Boord," and if not -the handwriting of the facetious author himself, is certainly that of -some one of his cotemporaries: - - "Nos vagabunduli, - Laeti, jucunduli, - Tara, tantara teino. - Edimus libere, - Canimus lepide, - Tara, &c. - Risu dissolvimur, - Pannis obvolvimur, - Tara, &c. - Multum in joculis, - Crebro in poculis, - Tara, &c. - Dolo consuimus, - Nihil metuimus, - Tara, &c. - Pennus non deficit, - Praeda nos reficit, - Tara, &c. - Frater Catholice, - Vir apostolice, - Tara, &c. - Dic quae volueris - Fient quae jusseris, - Tara, &c. - Omnes metuite - Partes gramaticae, - Tara, &c. - Quadruplex nebulo - Adest, et spolio, - Tara, &c. - Data licencia, - Crescit amentia, - Tara, &c. - Papa sic praecipit - Frater non decipit - Tara, &c. - Chare fratercule, - Vale et tempore, - Tara, &c. - Quando revititur, - Congratulabimur, - Tara, &c. - Nosmet respicimus, - Et vale dicimus, - Tara, &c. - Corporum noxibus - Cordium amplexibus, - Tara tantara teino." - -Andrew Boorde's printed works are as follows: - -1. _A Book of the Introduction to Knowledge_, 4to., London, 1542. - -2. _A Compendious Regiment or Dietary of Health, made at Mountpyller_, -8vo., 1542. - -3. _The Breviary of Health_, 4to., London, 1547. - -4. _The Princyples of Astronomye_, 12mo., R. Copland, London, n. d. - -Wood tells us he wrote "a book on prognosticks," and another "of -urines." _The Merry Tales of the Wise Men of Gotham_ are also ascribed -to him, as well as _A Right Pleasant and Merry History of the Mylner of -Abington_, &c. - -The origin of the _Merry Tales_ is pointed out by Horsfield, in his -_History of Lewes_, vol. i. p. 239.:-- - - "At a _last_, holden at Pevensey, Oct. 3, 24 Hen. VIII., for the - purpose of preventing unauthorised persons 'from setting nettes, - pottes, or innyances,' or anywise taking fish within the - privileges of the Marsh of Pevensey, the king's commission was - directed to John, Prior of Lewes; Richard, Abbot of Begham; John, - Prior of Mychillym; Thomas, Lord Dacre, and others ... Dr. Boorde - (the original Merry Andrew) founds his tale of the 'Wise Men of - Gotham' upon the proceedings of this meeting, Gotham being the - property of Lord Dacre, and near his residence." - -The inhabitants of Gotham in Nottinghamshire have hitherto been -considered the "biggest fools in christendom;" but if the above extract -is to be depended upon, the _Gothamites_ of Sussex have a fair claim to -a share of this honourable distinction. - -The quotation from the _History of Lewes_ was first pointed out by your -learned correspondent, MR. M. A. LOWER, in a communication to Mr. -Halliwell's _Archaeologist_, 1842, p. 129. The investigation of the -origin of this popular collection of old _Joe Millerisms_ is of some -importance, because upon them rests Dr. Boorde's title to be the -"progenitor of Merry Andrew." - - EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. - - -SHAKSPEARE NOTES. - -Who was the editor of _The Poems and Plays of William Shakspeare_, eight -vols. 8vo., published by Scott and Webster in 1833? - -In that edition the following passage from _The Merchant of Venice_, Act -III. Sc. 2., is _pointed_ in this way:-- - - "Thus ornament is but the guiled shore - To a most dangerous sea; the beauteous scarf - Veiling an Indian; beauty's, in a word, - The seeming truth which cunning times put on - To entrap the wisest." - -To which the anonymous editor appends the following note:-- - - "I have deviated slightly from the folio--the ordinary reading - represents ornament as '_the beauteous scarf veiling an Indian - beauty_,' a sentence which by no means serves to illustrate the - reflexion which Bassanio wishes to enforce. Sir Thomas Hanmer - proposed to read _dowdy_ for beauty!" - -My object in this quotation is not that of commending the emendation, -but of affording an opportunity of recording the following reasons which -induce me to reject it; not only as no improvement to the sense, but as -a positive injury to it. - -1st. The argument of Bassanio is directed against the deceptiveness of -ornament in general, of which seeming beauty is only one of the -subordinate illustrations. These illustrations are drawn from _law_, -_religion_, _valour_, and _beauty_; all of which are finally summed up -in the passage in question, beginning "_Thus ornament_," &c. and still -further concentrated in the phrase "_in a word_." Therefore this summing -up cannot refer singly to _beauty_, no more than to any other of the -subordinate illustrations, but it must have general reference to -adventitious ornament, against which _the collected argument_ is -directed. - -2ndly. The word _beauty_ is necessarily attached to Indian as -designative _of sex_: "an Indian," unqualified by any other distinction, -would imply a male; but an "Indian beauty" is at once understood to be a -female. - -3rdly. The repetition, or rather _the opposition_, of "_beauteous_" and -"_beauty_," cannot seriously be objected to by any one conversant with -the phraseology of Shakspeare. Were it at all necessary, many similar -examples might be cited. How the anonymous annotator, already quoted, -could say that the sentence, as it stands in the folio, "_by no means -serves to illustrate Bassanio's reflexion_," I cannot conceive. "The -beauteous scarf" is the deceptive ornament which leads to the -expectation of something beneath it _better_ than an _Indian_ beauty! -Indian is used adjectively, in the sense of wild, savage, hideous--just -as we, at the present day, might say a Hottentot beauty; or as -Shakspeare himself in other places uses the word "Ethiop:" - - "Thou for whom Jove would swear - Juno but an Ethiop were." - -"_Her mother was her painting._"--_Cymbeline_, Act III. Sc. 4.--I have -read Mr. Halliwell's pamphlet upon this expression, noticed in "N. & Q." -of the 10th of April (p. 358.) I would beg to suggest to that gentleman -that he has overlooked one text in Shakspeare that would tell more for -his argument than the whole of those he has cited. All his examples are -drawn from the word _father_, metaphorically applied in the sense of -_creator_ to inanimate objects; and the same sense he extends, by -analogy, to _mother_. But in the following lines from _As You Like It_ -(Act III. Sc. 5.), _mother_ is directly used as a sort of warranty of -female beauty! Rosalind is reproving Phebe for her contempt of her -lover, and in derision of her beauty, she asks: - - "Who might be your mother? - That you insult, exult, and all at once, - Over the wretched?" - -Now if Phebe had been one who _smothered her in painting_, an -appropriate answer to Rosalind's question might have been--her mother -was _her painting_! - -Most certainly, this latter phrase is the more graceful mode of -expressing the idea--far more in unison with the language one would -expect from the refined, the delicate, the bewitching Imogen--from her -who wished to set "_that parting kiss betwixt two charming words_." - - A. E. B. - - Leeds. - - -PUBLICATIONS OF THE STUTTGART SOCIETY. - -The following is a list of the works which have appeared under the -auspices of the Stuttgart Society, referred to in my Note respecting -Felix Faber:-- - -I. 1. Closener's Strassburgische Chronik. - -2. Des Ritters Georg von Ehingen Reisen. - -(_a_). Nach der Ritterschaft. - -(_b_). Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomineus de Viris illustribus. - -(_c_). Ott Ruland's Handlungsbuch. - -(_d_). Codex Hirsaugiensis. - -II.-IV. Fratris Felicis Fabri Evagatorium, 3 vols. - -V. (_a_). Die Weingartner Liederhandschrift. - -(_b_). Italiaenische Lieder des Hohenstaufischen Hofes in Sicilien. - -VI. Briefe der Prinzessin Elisabeth Charlotte v. Orleans an die -Raugraefin Louise (1676-1722). - -VII. (_a_). Des Boehmischen Herrn Leo's von Rozmital Reise durch die -Abendlaender in den Jahren 1465, 1466, und 1467. - -(_b_). Die Livlaendische Reimchronik. - -VIII. Chronik des Edlen En Ramon Muntaner. - -IX. (_a_). Bruchstueck ueber den Kreuzzug Friederichs I. - -(_b_). Ein Buch von guter Speise. - -(_c_). Die alte Heidelberger Liederhandschrift. - -X. Urkunden, Briefe und Actenstuecke zur Geschichte Maximilians I. und -seiner Zeit. - -XI. Staatspapiere zur Geschichte des Kaisers Karl V. - -XII. Das Ambraser Liederbuch vom Jahre 1582. - -XIII. Li Romans d'Alixandre par Lambert, Li Tors et Alexandre de Bernay. - -XIV. Urkunden zur Geschichte des Schwaebischen Bundes (1488-1533), Erster -Theil, 1488-1506. - -XV. Cancionero Geral I. - -XVI. (_a_). Carmina Burana (from a MS. of thirteenth century). - -(_b_). Albert v. Beham u. Regerten Papst Innocenz IV. - -XVII. Cancionero Geral II. - -XVIII. Konrads von Weinsberg Einnahmen- und Ausgaben-Register. - -XIX. Das Habsburg.-Oesterreichische Urbarbuch. - -XX. Hadamars v. Laber Jagd. - -XXI. Meister Altswert. - -XXII. Meinauer Naturlehre (_circa_ 1300). - -XXIII. Der Ring, von Heinrich Wittenweiler. - -XXV. Ludolfi de Itinere terrae sanctae liber (_circa_ 1350). - -Vol. XXIV. is in the press. - - F. NORGATE. - - -MANUSCRIPT SHAKSPEARE EMENDATIONS. - -Your able correspondent MR. S. W. SINGER, in Vol. v., p. 436., gives his -positive adhesion to MR. COLLIER'S emendation of the corruption "bosom -multiplied" in _Coriolanus_, Act III. Sc. 1. Agreeing with MR. SINGER in -his opinion of the value of this emendation, there is yet an importance -attached to it which I feel sure MR. COLLIER will not object to have -pointed out, although doubtlessly all the argument respecting the -_sources_ of his early MS. corrections will be carefully considered in -the volume he so liberally intends presenting to the Shakspeare Society. -Shakspearian criticism is a field so open to varied opinions, and is a -subject on which so few can be brought exactly to agree, it is a mere -chance if, in addressing these few lines, I in any degree anticipate MR. -COLLIER'S conclusions. - -MR. COLLIER'S discovery was, perhaps, of even greater interest to myself -than to others, not merely on account of its being an important evidence -for the state of the text, _but because I had long since had the -opportunity of using a volume of precisely similar character_, namely, -the copy of the third folio, with numerous MS. emendations in a coeval -hand, mentioned by Lowndes, p. 1646., as having some years since sold -for 65_l._, on account of those MS. emendations. This volume contains -several hundred very curious and important corrections, amongst which I -may mention an entirely new reading of the difficult passage at the -commencement of _Measure for Measure_, which carries conviction with it, -and shows, what might have been reasonably expected, that _that to_ is a -misprint _for a verb_. There are numerous other corrections of equal -importance, but I forbear at present to notice them, under the -conviction it is not safe to adopt MS. corrections, unless we know on -what authority they are made. It was on this account I ventured to -indicate the extreme danger of adopting any of the MS. readings of MR. -COLLIER'S second folio, without a most rigid examination, or until their -authority was unquestionably ascertained. Now, in MR. COLLIER'S first -two communications to the _Athenaeum_ there was scarcely a single example -which indicated it was derived from an authentic source, but many, on -the other hand, which could be well believed to be mere guess-work; and -it was rather alarming to see the readiness with which they were -received, threatening the loss of Shakspeare's genuine text. - -A ray of light, however, at length appears in the new reading in -_Coriolanus_. This, more than any other, gives hopes of important -results; and it does something more than this: it opens a reasonable -expectation that the MS. corrector had, in some cases, recollection of -the passages as they were delivered in representation. Once establish a -probability of this, and although many of the corrections must still be -looked upon as conjectural, the volume will be of high value. The -correction "_bisson multitude_" seems to me to be clearly one of those -alterations that no conjectural ingenuity could have suggested. The -volume has evidently been used for stage purposes; and it may be taken -as almost beyond a doubt that that particular correction was made on -authority. We can scarcely imagine that authority to be a MS. of the -play, and are therefore thrown on the supposition the corrector -sometimes altered from memory, and sometimes from conjecture, writing as -he thought Shakspeare _ought_ to have written, even if he did not. - -It is scarcely necessary to say these observations are grounded solely -on what is already before the public. The appearance of MR. COLLIER'S -volume may modify their effect either one way or the other; and perhaps -I am committing a literary trespass on my friend's manor in thus -prematurely entering into an argument on the subject. But MR. COLLIER, -with his usual liberality, has invited rather than deprecated -discussion; and having expressed in print opinions grounded on his first -two communications, it would be uncandid in me not to acknowledge they -are in some degree modified by the very important correction since -published. - - J. O. HALLIWELL. - - -THE GRAVE-STONE OF JOE MILLER. - -In consequence of the disfranchisement of St. Clement's burial-ground, -Portugal Street, Clare Market, the last memorial of "honest Jo" is -condemned for removal; and this being the case, I have forwarded for "N. -& Q." a copy of the inscription. The epitaph written by Stephen Duck, -and the stone itself, were, about the beginning of the present century, -in jeopardy of obliteration, but for the compassion of Mr. Bulgen, the -grave-digger; and being still in a very bad condition, Mr. Buck a few -years afterwards repaired it. The following is the inscription: - - "Here Lye the Remains of - honest Jo. Miller - who was - a tender Husband, - a sincere Friend, - a facetious Companion, - and an excellent Comedian. - He departed this Life the 15th day of - August 1738, aged 54 years. - - If humour, wit, and honesty could save - The humorous, witty, honest from the grave, - The grave had not so soon this tenant found, - Whom honesty, and wit, and humour crowned; - Could but esteem and love preserve our breath, - And guard us longer from this stroke of death, - The stroke of death on him had later fell, - Whom all mankind esteemed and loved so well. - - S. DUCK. - - From respect to social worth, - mirthful qualities, and histrionic excellence, - commemorated by poetic talent, humble life, - the above inscription, which Time - had nearly obliterated, has been restored - and transferred to this stone by order of - - MR. JARVIS BUCK, Churchwarden. - - A.D. 1816." - - UNICORN. - - -FOLK LORE. - -_Swearing on a Skull._--In April, 1851, a man was committed to Mayo -prison for cutting off the head of a corpse but a few days interred. His -object in severing the head was that of clearing himself of some imputed -crime by swearing on a skull, a superstition said to be very common in -that part of Ireland. - - PHILIP S. KING. - -_New Moon._--If, when you look at the new moon for the first time, you -think of one particular thing which you greatly desire to have, or to -have accomplished, your wishes on that same point will be realised -before the close of the year. - - R. VINCENT. - -_Rust._--If, without any neglect on your part, but even with care, -articles of steel belonging to you, such as keys, knives, &c., -continually become rusty, some kindhearted person is laying up money for -_your_ benefit. - -This superstitious notion is very prevalent in Wales. - - R. VINCENT. - - -Minor Notes. - -_Epitaph at Low Moor._--The following curious epitaph is on a tombstone -in the Low Moor churchyard, near this town:-- - - "In Memory of Christopher Barlow, Blacksmith, of Raw Nook, who - died Oct. 9th, 1824, aged 56. - - "My stithy and my hammer I reclin'd; - My bellows, too, have lost their wind; - My fire's extinguish'd, and my forge decay'd, - And in the silent dust my vice is laid. - My coal is spent, my stock of iron's gone, - My last nail driven, and my work is done." - - C. WILLIAMS. - - Bradford, Yorkshire. - -_Sir Thomas Overbury's Epitaph._--I do not think that the epitaph of the -unfortunate Sir Thomas Overbury, poisoned by Carr, Earl of Somerset, in -1613-14, has ever been published. I send it to you, copied from a -manuscript on a blank leaf of a black-letter copy of Howe's _Abridgement -of Stow's Chronicle_ in my possession. - - "1614. - SR. THOMAS OVERBURY HIS EPITAPH. - - "The Span of my daies measured, heare I rest - That is my body, but my Soule his Guest - Is hence assended whither neither Tyme - Nor Fayth nor Hope: but only Love can Clyme. - Wheare beinge nowe enlightned Shee doeth knowe - The trueth of all men argue of belowe. - Only this Dust doeth heare in pawne remaine, - That when the Worlde dissolves, Shee com againe. - THOMAS OVERBURY, - 1614." - - RICHARD F. LITTLEDALE. - - Dublin. - -_Bibliotheca Literaria._--I possess a copy of the _Bibliotheca -Literaria_, 1722-4, in which the names of some of the authors are -appended in manuscript to various papers, as follows: - -In No. 4., Dr. Brett's name is appended to the first paper. - -In No. 5., the first paper, concerning the pillar of fire and cloud, has -the name "Sam. Jebb." - -In No. 6., the third paper has the name of Dr. Brett; also, the first in - -No. 7., continuation of it. - -In No. 8., the first and third papers have "Carol. Ashton;" the second, -Dr. Brett. - -In No. 9. the first and second papers have "Thos. Wagstaffe." - -Finally, the second in No. 10. has the name of Dr. Brett. - -In the hope that this may be of some utility, I send it, on the chance -that these names may not have been published already, which I have not -time to ascertain. - - W. H. S. - - Edinburgh. - - [All the above contributors to this valuable literary journal were - Nonjurors. It may not be generally known that the principal editor - was Samuel Jebb, M.D., of Peter House, Cambridge, who subsequently - attached himself to the Nonjurors, and accepted the office of - librarian to the celebrated Jeremy Collier. Dr. Jebb was also - assisted by Mr. Wasse, Dr. Wotton, Dr. Jortin, Dr. Pearce, and - others.--ED.] - -_Inscription at Dundrah Castle._--In the course of a summer spent in -Argyleshire, I paid a visit to old Dundrah, or Dundarrow Castle, which -stands between Inverary and Cairndhu, on the southwest. It is now a -small farm-house. The tenant refused me admission under half-a-crown, so -I contented myself with a survey of the exterior. Over the doorway I -found the following inscription carved in the stone: - - "I ' MAN ' BEHALD ' THE ' END ' DE ' NOCHT ' - VISER ' NOR ' HEIEST ' HOIP ' IN ' GOD." - -The meaning is evident, though what connexion it has with the old castle -I am not able to say. I send it you, as I have not seen it noted in any -book. - - C. M. I. - -_Derivation of Charing._--Mr. Peter Cunningham, in his most entertaining -work, _The Handbook of London_, tells us that the origin of _Charing -Cross_ has never been discovered. - -It lies buried in the venerable pages of Somner and Skinner. It was -first propounded by the former in his Notes on Lipsius, appended to -Meric Causaubon's _Commentatio de Quatuor Linguis_, in v. SCURGI. The -A.-S. _cyrrung_ (from _cyrran_, avertere) is, as he tells us, _aversio_: - - "Atque hinc, a viarum (scil.) et platearum diverticulis, ut in - compitis, pluribus apud nostrates locis hoc nomen olim inditum, - quod postea in _Cerring_ mutatum, tandem transiit (ut nunc dierum) - in _Charing_; quomodo quadrivium sive compitum illud nuncupatur in - suburbiis Londinensibus, ab occidente, prope Westmonasterium, - _Charing Crosse_, vulgo dictum; _Crosse_ addito, ob crucem ibidem, - ut in compitis solitum, olim erectam." - - Q. - - - - -Queries. - - -POEM BY NICHOLAS BRETON. - -I have recently purchased a small manuscript in quarto, containing -fifteen leaves, written about the year 1590, which consists of a poem in -six cantos, without title or name of the author, but which, I feel -convinced, from the style, is one of the numerous works of Nicholas -Breton. In the hope that some of your correspondents may be able to -identify the poem, which may possibly be printed in some of Breton's -very rare works, I subjoin the commencing stanzas: - - "Where should I finde that melancholy muse, - That never hard of any thinge but mone, - And reade the passiones that her pen doth use, - When she and sorrow sadlye sitt alone - To tell the world more then the world can tell - What fits indeed most fitlye figure hell. - - "Lett me not thinke once of the smalest thought - May speake of less then of the greatest gref, - Wher every sence with sorrowes overwrought - Lives but in death, dispayring of relef, - While thus the harte with torments torne asunder - Maye of the worlde be cal'd the wofull wonder." - -These two stanzas are by no means favourable specimens of the entire -poem, but I prefer to give them, because the work itself may be printed. -If it appears, on inquiry, to be still inedited, I may venture to submit -a few other extracts from it of a more illustrative character. Our -bibliographers would be more useful guides, were they always to give the -first lines of old poems. I have a tolerably good library, but can find -no work sufficiently descriptive of Breton's works to enable me to trace -the above. - - H. - - -THE VIRTUOSI, OR ST. LUKE'S CLUB. - -Where is to be found that intensely interesting MS. Lot 120., Sixth -Day's Sale, at Strawberry Hill, a _folio tract_ entitled _The -"Virtuosi," or St. Luke's Club, held at the Rose Tavern, first -established by Sir Anthony Vandyke; with Autographs of all the eminent -Artists of the day_? - -Such is the account of Mr. George Robins, to the sound of whose hammer -it fell, let us hope, into worthy hands. - -By the aid of a note made whilst the several precious contents of that -"Gothic Vatican of Greece and Rome," as I think Pope described it, were -on view, I hope to whet the appetite of some of our literary vultures: - - "Rose Tavern, Mar. 5. 1697. - - "An order for raising an annual fund for pictures; with twenty - names of stewards." - -What say you, Mr. Editor, to such subscribing parties as, among others, -"Grinling Gibbons, Michael Dahl, J. Closterman, and Christopher Wren?" I -cannot remember more, but I think "Alex. Verrio" was among them. - -Mem. the second: as entries in a sort of journal: - - "That our steward, John Chicheley, Esquire, gave us this day a - Westphalia Ham, which had been omitted in his entertainment on St. - Luke's day." - -Again: - - "Paid and spent at Spring Gardens, by Knightsbridge, forfeiture - _l._3 15_shgs._" - -Why, Mr. Editor, here are the new Roxburgh Revels of the Knights of the -Brush and Palette. And now that the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the -day is expected to take out his diploma, and the ex-Premier is to be the -new Professor of Perspective, _vice_ the author of the _Fallacies of -Hope_, it becomes a question of prevailing interest, which I commend to -the research of your dilettanti querists. It may be a thread of -connexion with those stores of precious materials obtained by Walpole -from the widow of that persevering investigator George Virtue. - - J. H. A. - - -THE RABBIT AS A SYMBOL. - -The 29th vol. of the _Archaeologia_ contains an interesting "description -of a monumental effigy of Richard Coeur de Lion, recently discovered in -the cathedral of Notre Dame at Rouen," by Alfred Way, Esq., who, with -his usual precision, has noticed what he very properly calls "some -singular details" beneath the figure of the lion crouching at the king's -feet; among these details is "the head of _a rabbit_[1] peeping out of -its burrow, and, a little above, a dog warily watching the mouth of the -hole." Mr. Way adds: - - "I have met with nothing among the accessory ornaments of - monumental sculpture analogous to this; and though convinced that - what in itself may appear a trifling detail, _was not placed here - without design_, I am quite at a loss to conjecture what could - have been its import." - - [Footnote 1: Mr. Way says _a hare_ or rabbit, forgetting that the - hare does not burrow.] - -The same symbol or device, well known to all lovers of ancient -wood-engraving, appears in some of the earliest specimens of that art. -It is found in an impression of one of the oldest known playing-cards, -representing the knave of diamonds, now in the print-room of the British -Museum, of which a fac-simile is inserted at p. 214. of Chatto's -_History of Playing Cards_. Another instance of this device occurs -(without the dog) in an old woodcut, dated 1418, discovered a few years -ago at Malines, of which a copy appeared in the _Athenaeum_ of Oct. 4, -1845. And a third example is contained in that celebrated and unique -woodcut of St. Christopher, dated 1423, in the possession of Earl -Spencer, copies of which may be found in Janson's _Essai sur l'Origine -de la Gravure_, and in Ottley's work. Being as fully convinced as Mr. -Way that the symbols he observed on the effigy of Richard at Rouen were -_never introduced without design_, but that they were meant to convey -some esoteric signification, I have for many years consulted both books -and friends to obtain an explanation of this allegorical device, but -without success. As a last resource, I address myself to the "N. & Q.," -in hopes, from their having now obtained so wide a circulation, that I -may receive through their medium, and the kindness of a more learned -correspondent, a solution of this enigma. - -P.S.--In addition to the above _four_ instances of the device of _a -rabbit_ occurring in ancient sculpture and wood-engraving, a French -writer, M. Th. Gautier, in the feuilleton of _La Presse_ of the 27th -September, 1851, describes the Madonna of Albert Durer as being "presque -toujours accompagnee _d'un lapin_," derived (in his opinion) from a -"vague ressouvenir du pantheisme Germanique." - - SYMBOL. - - -IS WYLD'S GREAT GLOBE A PLAGIARISM FROM MOLENAX? - -(Vol. v., p. 467.) - -Some time ago I made the following Notes, which, though they throw some -light on the subject of Molineux's globe, yet they do not bear out MR. -EASTWOOD'S conjecture. The first is from Richard Hakluyt's Address to -the Reader in _The Principal Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of -the English Nation_, folio, 1589: - - "Nowe, because peraduenture it would bee expected as necessarie, - that the descriptions of so many parts of the world would farre - more easily be conceiued of the Reader, by adding Geographicall - and Hydrographicall tables thereunto, thou art by the way to be - admonished that I haue contented myselfe with inserting into the - worke one of the best generall mappes of the world onely, vntill - the comming out of a very large and most exact terrestriall Globe, - collected and reformed according to the newest, secretest, and - latest discoueries, both Spanish, Portugall, and English, composed - by M. _Emmerie Mollineux_ of Lambeth, a rare Gentleman in his - profession, being therein for divers yeeres greatly supported by - the purse and liberalitie of the worshipfull marchant M. _William - Sanderson_." - -My second Note is from the rare little volume by John Davis, entitled, -_The Worlde's Hydrographical Discription_, 12mo., London, 1595: - - "The cause why I vse this particular relation of all my - proceedinges for this discouery, is to stay this obiection, why - hath not _Dauis_ discouered this passage [the North-west] being - thrise that waies imploied, and how far I proceeded, and in what - fourme this discouery lyeth, doth appeare vpon the Globe which - Master _Sanderson_ to his verye great charge hath published, whose - labouring indevour for the good of his countrie deserueth great - fauour and commendations, made by Master _Emery Mullineux_, a man - wel qualited, of a good iudgement and verye expert in many - excellent practises, in myselfe being the onely meane with Master - _Sanderson_ to imploy Master Mullineux therein, whereby he is nowe - growne to a most exquisite perfection." - - P. 25. - -And here a Query may not be out of place. Whose account of Iceland does -Nash refer to? - -In the writings of our early navigators, there is frequent allusion to -terrestrial globes. This of Mollineux's, for instance, contains Davis's -own discoveries, and should therefore be of some importance. In the -tract just quoted, Davis says: - - "It is wel knowne that we haue globes in the most excellent - perfection of arte, and haue the vse of them in as exquisite sort, - as Master _Robert Hues_ in his book of the globes vse, lately - published, hath at large made known." - - P. 41. - -And in an unpublished MS. relating to Sir Thomas Button's voyage, -addressed to King James I. in 1610, the writer says: - - "I haue left wth Mr. Wright in yor librarie att St James, _a hand - globe terrestriall_ for demonstra[=c]on of these." - -Do any of the globes exist, and where? - -As I am about to reprint Davis's tract with additional illustrations, -including the MS. above referred to, I shall be glad to receive any -particulars of the life of Davis, and of his connexion with that great -patron of discovery, William Sanderson; of his death, any reference to -his autograph, and to any authentic portrait of him. - - JOHN PETHERAM. - - -Minor Queries. - -_Poem on the Burning of the Houses of Parliament._--On the 17th of -October, 1834, the houses of parliament were burnt down, and I believe -you will recollect that very soon afterwards a long serio-comic poem was -published, detailing the event; the following stray morsels of which -just occur to me: - - "And poor Mrs. Wright, - Was in a great fright, - For she swore that night, - She saw a great light." - -Again-- - - "She felt a great heat - Come thro' to her feet, - As she sat herself down - In the black rod seat." - -I wish very much to find out this poem, or whatever else it may be -called; can you assist me? I am told it was published in one of the -weekly papers at the time, probably the _Sunday Times_ or _Dispatch_. - - T. B. - - Exeter. - - -_Newton's Library._--In 1813, Leigh and Sotheby sold the books of Mrs. -Anne Newton, professing to contain the collection of Newton's own books. -As it is fully believed that no _personal_ property of Newton descended -to any relatives of his name, how is this pretension explained? The -statement is copied from Sotheby's catalogue of sales into Hartwell -Horne's _Bibliography_, and will be credited at a future time, if not -now called in question. - - M. - -_Meaning of Royd._--What is the meaning of the word _Royd_, which is -attached to the names of so many persons and places in Yorkshire, as -Ackroyd, Learoyd, Brownroyd, and Boltonroyd? - - C. W. - -_The Cromwell Family._--I have in my possession a document, which shows -that my great-grandfather, "William Cromwell of London," mason, was -admitted into - - "The freedom aforesaid, and sworn in the Mayoralty of Thomas - Wright, Esq., Mayor, and John Wilkes, Esq., Chamberlain; and is - entered in the book signed with the letter A., relating to the - purchasing of freedom and the admission of freemen, (to wit) the - 4th day of April, in the 26th year of the reign of King George the - Third, and in the year of our Lord 1786. In witness whereof," &c. - -The parchment bears the initials "J. W." - -I am anxious to learn, from some of your numerous correspondents, -whether this person once lived near Bath, and then at Hammersmith? and, -secondly, whether he was descended from the Protector? - - J. G. C. - -_Sir John Darnell, Knt._--Who was Sir John Darnell, whom did he marry, -who were his father and mother, and what arms did he bear? His daughter -Mary was married to the Hon. Robert Ord, Lord Chief Baron of Scotland -(alive in 1773). Any other particulars regarding his family will be -gratefully received by - - E. N. - -_Royal "We."_--Can you inform me when, and under what circumstances, the -use by royalty in Europe sprung up, of using the plural "we" instead of -"I," the first person singular? - - FRANCIS J. GRUBB. - -_Gondomar._--Mr. Macaulay, in one of his "Essays," remarks, - - "The skill of the Spanish diplomatists was renowned throughout - Europe. In England the name of Gondomar is still remembered." - -True, oft have I heard of thee, Count Gondomar, and have read from time -to time divers anecdotes of thy wit and wisdom, quips and quiddities. -But is it not passing strange that this man, this Spanish Don, who, as -is well known, exercised such a powerful influence over the weak-minded -"Solomon of Whitehall," and who, moreover, bore so large a share in the -murder of the brave and highly gifted Raleigh, should be excluded from a -niche in the biographical temple; for such I am told is the case. Having -deputed a friend to make search for me in the several biographical -dictionaries, he reports that the name of Gondomar is _not_ to be found -in the best book of the kind, the _Biographie Universelle_, nor in the -dictionaries of Rose and Chalmers. This desideratum will, I confidently -hope, ere long be supplied through the medium of "N. & Q.," by some of -its learned contributors. - - W. STANLEY SIMMONDS. - -_Wallington's Journal._--At the sale of the library of Mr. Joseph -Gulston, 1784, was sold a Journal of Mr. Nehemiah Wallington, a Puritan -divine, written in the year 1630. This volume probably contains some -curious matters respecting the Puritans of the day; and, as it is much -desired, should any person know of its whereabouts, I should feel much -obliged by a note of it. - - R. - -_Epistola Luciferi, &c._--Nicolas Oresmius, or d'Oresme, bishop of -Lisieux, who died in 1382, wrote _Epistola Luciferi ad praelatos -Ecclesiae_, afterwards printed, Magd. 1549, 8vo., and in Wolf's _Lect. -Memor._, vol. i. p. 654. So far Fabricius. Who was Lucifer? I mean, was -he the potentate who goes by the opposite name of the Prince of -Darkness? And what is the tenor of his letter? The bishop was a quiet -man, of orthodox fame, and tutor to a king of France. - - M. - -_Cambrian Literature._--Being a collector of works on Druidical remains -and Cambrian history, I shall feel greatly favoured if any of your -numerous readers will answer me the following questions, viz.:-- - -1st. The name of the first book or commentary _printed_ in any language -abroad, _previous_ to the introduction of printing into England, -actually written by a _Cambrian_? - -2nd. The first book _printed_ in the English language, _actually -written_ by a Cambrian then living? - -3rd. The first and second books _printed_ in England in the _Welsh_ -language? - -4th. The first book printed in the Welsh language abroad? - -5th. The first book printed in the Welsh language in Wales? - -6th. The most _ancient author_ in MSS. and in print who mentions -Stonehenge and Aubury; also the monument called Cromlech? - -7th. Who has on sale the most extensive collection of Welsh books, and -those relating to British history? - - P. B. W - - 7. Harrington Street, Regent's Park. - -"VCRIMDR" _on Coins of Vabalathus_ (Vol. v., p. 148.).--As no professed -Oriental scholar has directed any attention to this word yet, and as, -although root in the words Karimat and Akram appears the same, the -analogy to VCRIMDR is not very obvious, I may mention that on searching -further I have found the adjective _Ucr_, with the various meanings, -_weighty_, _precious_, _esteemed_, _honourable_. I leave it to -Orientalists to tell us if VCRIMDR is a compound or an inflexion of -_Ucr_. I regret that owing to a peculiarity in my handwriting, De Gauley -was twice substituted for De Sauley in my last note, Vol. v., p. 149. - - W. H. S. - - Edinburgh. - -_Lines on Woman._-- - - "Oh, woman! thou wert born to bless - The heart of restless man; to chase his care; - To charm existence by thy loveliness, - Bright as a sunbeam--as the morning fair. - If but thy foot trample on a wilderness, - Flowers spring up and shed their roseate blossoms there." - -Will any of your readers be kind enough to favour me with the completion -of the above stanza, as well as to state who is the author of the same? - - J. T. - -_Penkenol._--John Aubrey, the antiquary, in his _Collections for North -Wilts_, Part I. p. 51. (Sir Thomas Phillips's edition), describing the -stained glass in Dauntsey Church, uses the following expression: - - "Memorandum. The crescents in these coats: Therefore Sir John - [Danvers] was not the _penkenol_." - -The word is correctly printed from the original MS. Can any of your -readers explain its meaning? - - J. E. J. - -_Fairfax Family Mansion._--On the right-hand side of the road between -Tadcaster and Thorpe Arch, Yorkshire, extends the domain of the Fairfax -family. The mansion, a comfortable old fashioned red-brick Tudor-looking -structure, stands some two hundred yards back in the grounds through -which, from the road to the front door of the house, extends a fine -avenue of chestnuts, terminated at the roadside by a pair of venerable, -rusty, and decaying iron gates _which are kept closed_; the entrance to -the park being by a sort of side gateway of insignificant and field-like -appearance further on. Can any of your readers give me the facts, or the -local tradition which accounts for this peculiarity? I believe it is a -family incident of somewhat historical interest, and a subject on which -I am desirous of information. - - G. W. - -_Postman and Tubman in the Court of Exchequer._--In the _Legal Observer_ -of the 24th April, I find the following: - - "LAW PROMOTION.--Mr. James Wilde has been appointed to the office - of _Postman_, in the Court of Exchequer. The _Postman_ is the - senior counsel without the bar attending the court, and has - pre-audience of the attorney and solicitor-general in making the - first motion upon the opening of the court. The _Tubman_ is the - next senior counsel without the bar. The _Postman_ and _Tubman_ - have particular places assigned them by the Chief Baron in open - court." - -My Query is, from whence and at what date these two offices sprang into -existence, with a list of the persons who have occupied them. And it -would be as well to inquire what their duties are: for although -Stephen's _Blackstone_ derives the names from the _places_ in which the -individuals themselves _sit_, still the explanation hardly conveys -sufficient to gather what their duties are. - - JOHN NURSE CHADWICK. - -_Second Exhumation of King Arthur's Remains._--What chronicle narrates -the circumstances of the _second_ disinterment of King Arthur's bones in -Glastonbury, temp. Edw. I. (A.D. 1298)? - - H. G. T. - -_Stukeley the Antiquary, and Boston._--In _Anecdotes of British -Topography, &c._ (Lond. 1768), occurs the following, speaking of -Boston:-- - - "The Churchwardens' account from 1453 to 1597, and the town-book, - wrote by Mr. John Stukeley, 1676, one of his (Dr. Stukeley's) - ancestors, are in the hands of the Doctor's son-in-law, Mr. - Fleming." - -Query, into whose hands have the above records fallen? Did Stukeley -leave a family? - -The name of "Wm. Stukeley" is appended to sundry parish records, anno -1713, at Boston. I believe he practised here for some years. - - THOMAS COLLIS. - -_Letters of Arthur Lord Balmerino._--Can any one inform me if there are -any letters extant of Arthur, seventh Lord Balmerino, and where they are -deposited? - - W. PELHAM A. - - Rochester. - -_Portrait of Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland._--Is any portrait -known of Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who was beheaded at York, -A.D. 1572, for the part he took in the "Rising in the North?" - - E. PEACOCK, Jr. - -_Newtonian System._--Is it known who was the author of a satirical -pamphlet against Newton: _The Theology and Philosophy in Cicero's -"Somnium Scipionis" explained_, London, 1751, 8vo.? And has an absurd -story which it contains, relative to Newton, Locke, and Lord Pembroke -visiting Patrick, the barometer-maker, to be shown that the mercurial -vacuum was not a perfect one, ever been told elsewhere? - - M. - -_Antiquity of Vanes._--We are informed by Baron Maseres, as quoted by -Lingard, that the Danes, in the last invasion by Sweyn, 1013, had vanes -in the shape of birds or dragons fixed on their masts, to point out the -direction of the wind. Is there any record of an earlier adoption of -this method of ascertaining the way of the wind? - - B. B. - -_Richard of Cirencester de Situ Britanniae._--Is this work a forgery or -not? Charles Julius Bertram, Professor of English in the Royal Marine -Academy at Copenhagen, wrote to Dr. Stukeley in 1747 that such a -manuscript was in the hands of a friend of his. It was not until some -time had elapsed, and after Dr. Stukeley was presented to St. George's -Church, Queen Square, that he "pressed Mr. Bertram to get the manuscript -into his own hands, if possible; which, at length, with some difficulty, -he accomplished;" and sent to Dr. Stukeley, in letters, a transcript of -the whole. Authors go on quoting from this work as genuine authority, -and therefore are perhaps misleading themselves and their readers; and -it would be conferring a great boon if "N. & Q." could clear up the -doubt as to its authenticity. - -Mr. Worsaae, the eminent Danish author, or his English translator, are -exactly in the position to render this further service to antiquarian -literature; and, as relating to the subject of Roman Britain, the -question is of so much interest that a little trouble would not, -probably, be deemed uselessly expended in the inquiry. - - G. I. - -_Spanish Vessels wrecked on the Irish Coast._--Is it true that sixteen -Spanish vessels, with 5300 men on board, were wrecked on the coast of -Ireland in 1589, and all put to the sword or hanged by the executioner, -at the command of the Lord Deputy; who found that they had saved and got -on shore a good deal of their treasure which he wanted to secure for -himself. Where is any account of it to be found? How came Spanish ships -so far north? - - CYRUS REDDING. - -_Analysis of Newton's Principia._--In the _Journal des Savants_ for -April of this year, the celebrated mathematician Biot, in a review of -the _Correspondence of Sir Isaac Newton and Cotes_ (Cambridge, 1850), -makes mention, with the highest praise, of an analysis of Sir Isaac's -_Principia_ contained in the _Acta Eruditorum_ for 1688. Mons. Biot says -that at that time there were only two men who could have written such an -analysis, Halley and Newton himself; but adds, that the style is not -Halley's, being too concise and simple for him. His admiration could not -have been contained within such bounds. M. Biot firmly believes that the -writer of this analysis was no other than Newton himself (_ex ungue -Leonem_), and earnestly calls on the learned of England and Germany to -assist in discovering the origin of the analysis; should there perhaps -be any means left for doing so in the literary depots of the two -countries. Permit a contributor to "N. & Q." to repeat M. Biot's inquiry -through the medium of a publication far more extensively circulated in -England than the _Journal des Savants_. - - J. M. - - -Minor Queries Answered. - -_Welsh Women's Hats._--What was the origin of the peculiar hat so -universally worn by women of the lower orders in Wales; and at what -period did it come into use? - - TREBOR. - - [A gentleman who has resided for the last half century in the - Principality, and to whom we submitted our correspondent's Query, - has kindly forwarded the following reply:--"I have consulted - bards, Welsh scholars, &c., and am sorry that I cannot forward any - satisfactory account of the custom alluded to by TREBOR. Some say, - we remember the time when the women wore ordinary _felt_ hats - manufactured from their own wool: one or two travelling hatters - occasionally settled at Bangor, who made and sold _beaver_ hats. - We do not think that the women here intended to adopt any - particular costume; but retained the hat as agreeing with the - peculiar close cap, and _projecting_ border, which it leaves in - view, and in _possession of its own uprightness_! The fashion is - going out; all our young people adopt the English bonnet with the - English language. The flat hat, with a broad brim, is still - retained in the mountain regions."] - -_Pancakes on Shrove Tuesday._--Perhaps some of your readers will kindly -inform the Pancake Eating Public as to the period "when," and the reason -"why" such a custom grew into existence? - -I have frequently heard the question mooted upon this anniversary, -without ever hearing, or being able to give, a satisfactory elucidation -of it; but it is to be hoped that "N. & Q." will supply the desideratum -ere long, and confer a favour on - - A LOVER OF PANCAKES AND AN UPHOLDER OF ANCIENT CUSTOMS. - - Temple, Shrove Tuesday, 1852. - - [Fosbrooke, in his _Encyclopaedia of Antiquities_, vol. ii. p. - 572., informs us that "Pancakes, the Norman _Crispellae_, are taken - from the Fornacalia, on Feb. 18, in memory of the practice in use - before the goddess Fornax invented ovens." The Saxons called - February "Solmonath," which Dr. Frank Sayers, in his - _Disquisitions_, says is explained by Bede "Mensis placentarum," - and rendered by Spelman, in an inedited manuscript, "Pancake - Month," because in the course of it cakes were offered by the - Pagan Saxons to the sun. So much for the "when:" now for the - reason "why" the custom was adopted by the Christian church. - - Shrove Tuesday, or Pancake Tuesday, as it is sometimes called, - from being the vigil of Ash Wednesday, was a day when every one - was bound to confess, and be shrove or shriven. That none might - plead forgetfulness of this duty, the great bell was rung at an - early hour in every parish, called the Pancake Bell, for the - following reasons given by Taylor, the Water Poet, in his - _Jacke-a-Lent_ (_Works_, p. 115. fol. 1630). He tells us, "On - Shrove Tuesday there is a bell rung, called the Pancake Bell, the - sound whereof makes thousands of people distracted, and forgetful - either of manner or humanitie. Then there is a thinge called - wheaten floure, which the sulphory, necromanticke cookes doe - mingle with water, egges, spice, and other tragicall, magicall - inchantments, and then they put it by little and little into a - frying-pan of boyling suet, where it makes a confused dismal - hissing, like the Lernean snakes in the reeds of Acheron, Stix, or - Phlegeton, until at last by the skill of the cooke it is - transformed into the forme of a _Flap-Jack_, which in our - translation is called a _Pancake_, which ominous incantation the - ignorant people doe devoure very greedily, having for the most - part well dined before; but they have no sooner swallowed that - sweet-candied baite, but straight their wits forsake them, and - they runne starke mad, assembling in routs and throngs numberlesse - of ungovernable numbers, with uncivill civill commotions." In the - "Forme of Cury," published with other cookery in Warner's - _Antiquitates Culinariae_, p. 33., and written in 1390, we find a - kind of fried cakes called "comadore," composed of figs, raisins, - and other fruits, steeped in wine, and folded up in paste, to be - fried in oil. This suggests another savoury Query, Whether this is - not an improvement on our apple fritters?] - -_Shakspeare, Tennyson, and Claudian._-- - - "Lay her i' the earth, - And from her fair and unpolluted flesh - May violets spring!" - - Hamlet_, Act V. Sc. 1. - - "'Tis well; 'tis something we may stand - Where he in English earth is laid, - And from his ashes may be made - The violet of his native land." - - _In Memoriam_, XVIII. - -I remember having seen quoted, _a propos_ of the lines of Shakspeare, a -passage from some Latin poet (Claudian, I think) which contained the -same idea. Can you, or any of your correspondents, favour me with it; as -also where they are to be found? And can they give me the origin and -reason of the idea. - - H. JOHNSTON. - - Liverpool. - - [The passage to which our correspondent refers is most probably - that already quoted by Steevens, from Persius, _Sat._ I. - - "---- e tumulo, fortunataque favilla - Nascentur violae?"] - - - - -Replies. - - -THE RING FINGER. - -(Vol. v., pp. 114. 371.) - -My subsequent reading has not only confirmed, but added to the -information conveyed in the reference quoted. I there surmised that the -third was the ring finger, because the thumb and first two fingers have -always been reserved as symbols of the blessed Trinity, and consequently -the third was the first vacant finger. Both the Greek and Latin church -agree in this, that the thumb and first two fingers signify the blessed -Trinity. And whilst these three fingers signify the Trinity, the third -and fourth fingers are emblematic of the two natures of Christ, the -human and divine. As then the third finger served to symbolise the human -nature, and marriage was instituted to propagate the human race, that -was made the wedding finger. The right hand is the hand of power: hence -the wife wears the ring on the ring finger of the _left hand_. The -Greeks make each of the first three fingers, _i.e._ the thumb and two -fingers, symbolise one of the divine persons. M. Didron informs us that, -during his visit to Greece in 1839, the Archbishop of Mistra-- - - "Whom I interrogated on the subject, informed me that the thumb, - from its strength, indicated the Creator, the Father Eternal, the - Almighty; that the middle finger was dedicated to Jesus Christ, - who redeemed us; and that the forefinger, between the thumb and - middle finger, figured the Holy Ghost, who proceeds from the - Father and the Son, and in representations of the blessed Trinity - is placed between those two persons." - -A bishop's ring is emblematic of the gifts of the Holy Ghost: and -formerly bishops wore their ring on the forefinger of the right hand. - - CEYREP. - - "And the priest, taking the ring, shall deliver it unto the man, - to put it upon _the fourth finger_ of the woman's left-hand." - - _Rubric, Marriage Service._ - -Pray let the lady be comforted! Surely the most punctilious Rubrician -will make no impertinent inquiries about the missing finger, so long as -_a fourth_ remains. But even if all be wanting, I will engage to find -her a priest whose conscience will not be hurt at allowing the stump to -pass muster. - - DIGITALIS. - - -THE MORAVIAN HYMNS. - -(Vol. v., pp. 30. 474.) - -Having followed with interest the late discussion in your pages upon the -earlier specimens of those strange productions, the Moravian Hymns, it -seems to me, that although much that is curious has been elicited, the -Query of P. H., touching the genuineness of the extraordinary sample -reproduced by him from the _Oxford Magazine_ for 1769, remains -unanswered. It is therefore with a view to supply some information -directly to this point, that I now beg to introduce to your readers _my_ -earliest edition, which looks very like the _editio princeps_ of Part -III.: at all events it takes precedence of that described by H. C. B. -Its title is, _A Collection of Hymns, consisting chiefly of Translations -from the German Hymn-book of the Moravian Brethren_. Part III. Small -8vo. pp. 168. London, printed for James Hutton, 1748. - -At first sight there would appear to be no difference between H. C. B.'s -volume and mine, beyond the latter being the earlier by one year; that -year, however, seems to have been the exact period when the Brethren -deemed it advisable, to avoid scandal, to revise and prune their -hymn-book. - -"In this part (especially) of our hymn-book," says the Preface, "a good -deal of liberty has been taken in dispensing with what otherwise is -customary and ornamental: and that for different reasons." Then follow -these three reasons: the hymns being printed in prose, to save room; the -retention of German diminutives which, although scarcely known in the -English tongue, "have a certain elegance and effect" in the former -language; and the use of "more antique, prosaic, and less polished -diction, out of tenderness for the main point, the expressing more -faithfully the doctrines of the congregation, rather than seek better at -the expense of the sense." - -"So much," continues the Preface, "seemed proper to mention to exempt -this Book (which though calculated for our own congregation, will no -doubt come into the hands of strangers) from the imputation of a -needless singularity. Now we only wish that every Reader may also feel -something of that solid and happy Bottom, from whence these free, -familiar, and perhaps abrupt Aspirations, both in the composing and -using of them, do sparkle forth: And so we commit this _Third Part_ of -our Hymn-book to the Providence and Blessing of that dear Redeemer, who -with his Ever-blessed Atonement, is everywhere the subject thereof." - -As to the hymns themselves, I need say little more to describe them than -to observe that the present edition contains not only the one quoted by -P. H. from the _Oxford Magazine_, but all the others which are there to -be found, and which have raised doubt in your correspondent's mind -whether they are not rather the fabrications of Anti-Moravians than -genuine productions, and at the periods in use among the Brethren. Here, -too, is to be found the "Chicken Blessed" of Anstey: in his _Bath Guide_ -he correctly quotes it as "No. 33. in Count Zinzendorf's -Hymn-book,"--that being its position in the present volume. The satirist -has, however, given only half of "the learned Moravian's ode," but that -faithfully. Besides these there are some of the hymns enumerated by -Rimius in his _Candid Narrative of the Herrnhuters_ (London, 1753), in -support of his charges against them. - -Probably your readers are content with the specimens which have already -appeared in your columns. Had it been otherwise, this curious volume -would have supplied some of a singular character: as it is, I cannot -resist extracting No. 77. and a part of No. 110.; the former relating an -adventure between the Arch-Enemy and Saint Martin; the latter, -"Concerning the happy little Birds in the Cross's-air, or in the -Atmosphere of the Corpse of Jesus:" - - "Once on a time a man there was, - A saint whose name was Martin, - Concerning whom, Severus says, - Satan came to him darting - As Lightning quick and bright array'd; - 'I am thy Jesus dear,' he said, - 'Me thou wilt surely worship.' - - "Martin looks straight towards his side, - No Side-hole met his vision: - 'Let me,' says he, 'in Peace abide, - Thou hast no side's Incision; - Thou art the Devil, my Good Friend! - The place where Jesus' sign does stand - Blindfold I could discover.' - - "The same's the case ev'n at this Day - With Jesu's congregation: - For Larks who round his Body play, - Have of his wounds sensation; - Because our dear incarnate God, - Will with his wounds as man be view'd, - Be felt, and so believ'd on." - - "How does a cross-air Bird behave, - When of the Tent it will take leave? - The Body grows a little sick, - The soul may find it long or quick - Till she the Bridegroom see; - There stands he presently. - She views the Side, Hands, Feet, each Part; - The Lamb upon her weary Heart - A kiss then gives her: - This kiss Extracts the soul quite out, - And on his dear Mouth home 'tis brought, - The Kiss's Print the Body shews, - Which to its Fining-place then goes; - When done the Soul does fetch it, - And to the wound-hole snatch it." - -Parts I. and II. of these hymns I have never seen; but besides the above -described, I have the following editions: _A Collection of Hymns of the -Children of God, in all Ages from the beginning till now: in Two Parts. -Designed chiefly for the use of the Congregations in union with the -Brethren's Church._ Thick 8vo. London, printed in the year 1754: this is -the larger hymn-book alluded to by SIGMA. _A Collection of Hymns, -chiefly extracted from the larger Hymn-book of the Brethren's -Congregation_: London, printed and sold at the Brethren's chapels, -1769,--noticed by H. C. B. These are both extraordinary productions, but -yield to the edition of 1748: it having already been observed of these -hymns, that the later impression is always the _tamer_. - - J. O. - - -CAGOTS. - -(Vol. iv., p. 190.) - -I arrive at the conclusion, that the Cacosi of Latin writers, Cacous, or -Cagous, represent the true name from which Cagots, the _t_ being mute, -is but a slight deviation; while some other forms have scarcely retained -more than the initial _Ca_. The etymology from the Goths (most absurd -_in substance_, and worthy of the days when Languedoc was fetched from -_Land-got_, Land of the Goths,) has reference only to one of the French -spellings. - -_Cacosus_, meaning a leper, as well as a Cacous or Cagot, was from -[Greek: kakon], [Greek: kakosis], in Greek; and from it came -_cacosomium_, contracted for _cacoso-comium_, not a mere _noso-comium_, -but an asylum for lepers. See Ducange. - -But the Cacous in question were not only lepers, but families in which -leprosy was considered hereditary. For this reason they are called -Giezites, les Gezits, les Gesitains, from Giezi, servant of Elisha and -his posterity. (See Michel, vol. i. pp. 56. 148. 238. &c.) A simple -leper was Lazarius or ladre. The latter were, like Lazarus, merely -afflicted; but the former were deemed to be under an abiding curse, like -Giezi. - -But those who were Giezites by condition, as inheriting and transmitting -the disease, were by many of the vulgar imagined to be Giezites by -blood, and the real posterity of Elisha's servant, "Cagots de Chanaan." -By an equally natural result, persons actually free from disease were -shunned as Cacous; since the stigma attached to the race, not to the -individual. Indeed, the wearing out of the malady has created the whole -obscurity of the case. - -Their most curious title, Crestiaas or Christians, was not given them in -direct affirmation, but in denial of a negative, "not non-christian." -Because, being considered of Giezi's lineage, not only Jews, but Jews -under a curse, many would be disposed to repell them from communion. See -Dom Lepelletier's _Dict. Bretonne_, in CACOUS. - -Whether hereditary lepra was rightly thought to exist, or whether the -negligence of the more abject and squalid families in communicating it -to each other falsely raised that idea, is a separate question, which I -must leave to physicians. - - A. N. - - -SHERIFFS AND LORDS LIEUTENANT. - -(Vol. v., p. 394.) - -Dalton saith: - - "Vice comites have the same authority that the antient comites - had; and at this day there are some relicts of that dignity, for - he hath _album baculum_, and the grant of the office is commisimus - vobis [comitatum]. And also he takes place of every nobleman - during the time that he is in office." - -The Writ of Assistance ran thus: - - "To archbishops, bishops, dukes, earls, barons, knights, - freeholders, and all others of our county of C. Whereas we have - committed to our well-beloved A. B. the custody of our said - county, with the appurtenances, during our pleasure, We command - you that ye be aiding, answering, and assisting to the said A. B. - as our sheriff of our said county in all things which appertain to - the said office." - -This form was abolished in 1833. The Lord Lieutenant is a military -officer, who appears to have grown into permanence under the Tudors. The -office of Custos Rotulorum, which, though quite distinct, is usually -joined with it, is much more ancient; its duties are to keep the records -of the sessions, which involve the appointment of the clerk of the -peace, and the power of recommending to the Great Seal of persons to be -inserted in the commission of the peace. - -As for instances of such precedence being _claimed_, it is not easy to -recollect what is usually taken as a thing so much of course. Perhaps -the instance of a Duke, who had been Lord Lieutenant forty years, -apologising to a Sheriff for having inadvertently taken precedence, may -serve. - - VICE. COM. DEPUTAT. - -In answer to L. J.'s inquiry, upon what authority the precedency of the -Sheriff over the Lord Lieutenant is maintained; may it not partly be -founded on the office of Sheriff being of greater antiquity, and on this -officer having the command over, and the power of summoning all the -people of the county above the age of fifteen, and under the degree of a -peer? The office of Lord Lieutenant was first created in the third year -of King Edward VI., to suppress, as Strype tells us, "the routs and -uproars" in most of the counties. We might suppose that the Sheriff -already possessed sufficient power for this purpose: the means then -adopted to promote tranquillity were not well calculated to be popular -among the people. No drum or pipe was to be struck or sounded. Plays -were forbidden. In the churches of Devonshire and Cornwall, Lord Russell -was to take down every bell in a steeple but one, so as to prevent a -peal being rung. - -The precedency in question is acted upon to the present hour; and a Lord -Lieutenant, however high his rank in the peerage, gives place to the -Sheriff as a matter of course. But do not both these officers yield -precedence to her Majesty's justices of assize, when actually engaged on -the circuit? - - J. H. M. - - -ST. CHRISTOPHER. - -(Vol. v., pp. 295. 334. 372.) - -Two questions are asked by E. A. H. L. concerning St. Christopher: 1. -_Are there any known representations of St. Christopher in painted -glass?_ There is a very interesting example in a window in _St. Neot's -Church, Cornwall_. It represents St. Christopher with the child Jesus on -his back, and below has the legend: "Sante Christophere, ora pro me." -This ancient window was presented to the church by three members of the -Borlase family. Their benefaction is recorded in the inscription along -the cill of the window: - - "Orate pro animabus Catherine Burlas, Nicolai Burlas, et Johannis - Vyvian, qui istam fenestram fieri fecerunt." - -Another example of St. Christopher, bearing the divine infant, is in one -of the lights of the three-light window over the altar of _All Saints' -Church, North Street, York_. It is the work of the fifteenth century. - -In the same city, _St. John's Church, Micklegate_, has two -representations of St. Christopher in glass. One is the window north of -the altar, but it is only a portion of the figure; the other is in the -window south of the altar, and of perpendicular character. In _St. -Martin-le-Grand, Coney Street_, in the sixth or eastern window of the -north aisle, is a figure of St. Christopher, of date about 1450. _St. -Michael-le-Belfroy_, in the same city, has two figures of the saint: -one, of perpendicular character, in the window north of the altar; the -other, a fragment, in the fourth window from the east end on the south -side, of date between 1540 and 1550. _Holy Trinity Church, Goodramgate_, -possesses a very beautiful figure of the saint. It forms the fifth of a -series of five large figures in the east window of the church, and seems -to bear the date 1470. - -The second question is, "What is the real meaning of the representations -of St. Christopher that are so frequently found on the north walls of -churches?" I cannot agree with MR. J. EASTWOOD in thinking that the -explanation he gives from _Sacred and Legendary Art is sufficiently -satisfactory_. It appears to me that the figures of St. Christopher were -meant to symbolise the privilege enjoyed by the faithful of receiving -the body and blood of Christ, and thus becoming _Christo-feri_. The -emblem may have had its origin in the earliest ages, when the -_disciplina arcani_ was carried out. This opinion receives strength from -the circumstance, that Christopher was a name assumed by the saint, and -not his baptismal name. The extraordinary powers of cure spoken of in -verses often inscribed below the figures of this saint, were understood -by the faithful to allude to the efficacy of the Holy Communion, that -made them _Christopher's_, i.e. persons bearing their blessed Saviour, -not on their shoulders, but within their breasts. His figures in -sculpture and painting are always represented as colossal, to signify -that this heavenly food makes each of the faithful "as a giant to run -the way" (Ps. xix. 5.) This explanation will probably satisfy E. A. H. -L. that the important position occupied by St. Christopher in the -iconography of the mediaeval church is to be solved by its symbolical -signification. - -In addition to the representations of this saint in painted glass -mentioned above, E. A. H. L. will find mention of another specimen in -the last number of the _Archaeological Journal_. It is in private hands, -being the property of Mr. Lucas, who purchased a collection of specimens -of old glass some years since at Guildford, said to have come from an -old mansion in Surrey. The specimen in question is described as "St. -Christopher carrying our Saviour--an octagonal piece of glass."--P. 101. - -He will also find, in the same place, that a mural painting of St. -Christopher has been lately discovered in the chancel of Gawsworth -Church, Cheshire, of which a description is given in p. 103. - - CEYREP. - -E. A. H. L. asks if there is any known representation of St. Christopher -in painted glass. There is one in All Saints, York, engraved in Weale's -_Papers_; and there is a small one on a brass in Tattershall Church. - - C. T. - -For information on this subject, I would refer E. A. H. L. to Warton, -_Poetry_, vol. i. p. 451.; Coryatt's _Crudities_, vol. i. p. 29.; -Rudder's _Gloucestershire_, p. 286.; Gage's _Hengrave_, p. 64.; -_Winckelm. Stosch_, ch. i. n. 103. - -On a loose print of "Painted Glass at Leicester," Throsby del. 1788, now -before me, is a representation of him who was once Psychicus the savage, -but now the holy Saint Christopher, figured, as usual, under the -likeness of a man of gigantic stature, carrying on his shoulder the -little child Jesus, through the broad and deep waters of a turbulent -river, and steadying his steps with an uprooted palm-tree laden with -fruit, which he bears in his hands by way of staff. He is here exhibited -in more seemly habiliments, and as a personage of much more dignified -and venerable appearance, than in the well-known picture on the walls of -Wotton Church. The latter, however, is a portraiture of superior -antiquarian interest, on account of its accessories, wherein St. -Christopher's especial office, as patron of field sports, is, with much -rudeness it is true, but most efficiently and fully illustrated. - -In the extract given by J. EASTWOOD from _Sacred and Legendary Art_, we -have merely the supposititious conclusions of an ingenious imagination, -introduced to supply a void which the accomplished writer was unable -otherwise to fill up. There is a pretty little work published by Burns, -and entitled _St. Christopher; a Painting in Fordholme Church_, which -contains, much too much, however, in the suspicious form of a modern -religious allegory, what professes to be the authentic "Legend" of this -saint. - - COWGILL. - -E. A. H. L. makes the inquiry whether "there are any known -representations of St. Christopher in _painted glass_; if so, where?" -This I am unable to answer; but your learned correspondent JARLTZBERG -having sent you one version of the legend attached to this saint, may I -venture to remind you of another? This is the one attached to the -celebrated picture, "The Descent from the Cross," by Rubens, in the -cathedral of Antwerp, in which the painter, adopting the Greek -derivation of the name as given by JARLTZBERG, represents the saint -supporting Christ on his removal from the crucifix. The picture was -painted for the Arquebusiers of Antwerp, whose patron was St. -Christopher; but they were dissatisfied with it, and refused Rubens his -promised reward, a piece of land in their possession contiguous to his -own, for which he had accomplished this, certainly one of his most -beautiful paintings. - - T. W. P. - - -GENERAL PARDONS--SIR JOHN TRENCHARD. - -(Vol. iii., p. 279.) - -I am not aware of any general pardon under the great seal having been -printed; but the following transcript of one (the original with the seal -attached is in the collection of my friend, R. Rising, Esq., of Horsey) -is very much at J. G. N.'s service, and is especially interesting, as -being one of the last acts of James II. before he quitted England for -ever. - - "{Jacobus Secundus Dei grati:} Anglie, Scocie, ffrancie & - hib[=n]ie Rex, fidei defensor, &c. {Omnibus} ad quos p'sentes he - n're [p=]veniu't sa[=lt]em. Sciatis q[=d] Nos pietate moti, ac - gr'a n'ra sp'iali ac ex certa scientia & mero motu n'ris - {Pardonabimus} relaxavims et remisims ac [p=] p'sentes [p=] Nobis - heredibus, & successoribus n'ris, Pardonams relaxams et remittims - Jo[=h]i Trenchard nu[p=] de medio Templo Londin' armigero seu - quocunque alio nomine vel cognomine artis, misterii, loci vel - locor' idem Jo[=h]es Trenchard sciatr censeatr vocetr vel - nuncupetr aut nup' sciebatr, censebatr, vocabatr seu nuncupa batr - omn' et omni'od' Prodic'ones crimina lese maiestatis, mispris'ones - Prodic'onis, Conspirac'ones, Sedic'ones, Insurrecc'ones, - Concelament' Bellor', gestiones Bellor', machinac'ones, - Imaginac'ones, et attempt' Illicit', convinc'ones verbor', - p'palac'ones ac om'ia & singula ffelon', et al' malefi'a crimina - Transgressiones, contempt' et offens' quecunq: [p=] ip'um Jo[=h]em - Trenchard [p=] se solum sive cum aliqua alia p'sona, seu aliquib' - aliis [p=]'sonis qualicunq:, quandocunq:, seu ubicunq: antehac - contra [p=]sonam n'ram Regal' vel Gub'nac'onem n'ram, vel contra - Person' D[=n]i Caroli s[=e]di nu[p=] Regis Anglie preclarissimi - ffratris n'ri vel Regimen suu' vel leges & statut' regni n'ri - Anglie fact' co[=m]iss' sive [p=]petrat'.--Necnon fugam & fugas - su[p=]inde fact'. Et licet p'fat' Jo[=h]es Trenchard [p=]inde - arrestat', ind'cat', impetit', utlagat', rectat' appellat' - condemnat' convict' attinct' seu adiudicat' existit vel non - existit aut inde arrestari, adiudicari, impetiri, utlagari - rectari, appellari, condemnari, convinci, attingi seu adiudicari - contigerit in futuro. Ac om'ia & singula Jud'camenta, - convic'cones, judicia, condempnac'onas attinctur', execuc'ones - imprisonamenta, Penas mortis, Penas corporales, fforisfutur', - punic'ones & om'es al' Penas ac penalitates quascunq: de, [p=], - sive concernen' [p=]'missa, vel aliqua [p=]'missor' insu[p=] vel - versus [p=]'fat Jo[=h]em Trenchard habit' fact' reddit' sive - adiudicat' vel imposter' h'end' f'iend' reddend', sive adiudicand' - aut que nos versus ip'um Jo[=h]em Trenchard [p=] p'missis vel - aliquo p'missor' h'uimus h'emus seu imposter' h'ere poterimus, ac - heredes seu successores n'ri ullo modo he're poterint in futuro. - Necnon omnes et singul' utlagar' versus p'fat' Jo[=h]em Trenchard - rac'one seu occac'one [p=]missor' seu eor' alicuius [p=]mulgat' - seu imposter' [p=]'mulgand' At om'es & om'iod' sect', Querel', - fforisfutur' impetic'ones & Demand' quecunq: que nos versus - [p=]'fat' Jo[=h]em Trenchard [p=] p'missis vel aliquo [p=]'missor' - h'uim' h'emus seu infuturo h'ere poterimus. Sectamq: pacis n're - que ad nos versus [p=]'fat Jo[=h]em Trenchard [p=]tinet seu - [p=]tinere poterit, rac'one seu occac'one [p=]'missor' seu eor' - alicui. Et firmam pacem n'ram ei inde dam' et concedim' [p=] - p'sentes. {Nolentes} q'd ip'e idem Jo[=h]es Trenchard [p=] - Justitiar' Vice Comites Mariscallos Escaetor', Coronator', - Ballivos seu aliquos al' ministros n're heredum vel successor' - n'ror' quoscunq: rac'onib' seu occac'onib' p'd'tis seu eor' aliqu' - molestetr [p=]'turbetr seu in aliquo gravetr {Volentes} q'd he - l're n're patentes quoad om'ia singul' p'missa su[p=]ind - menc'onat' bene, firme, valide, sufficien' et effectual' in lege - erunt et existent licet Prodic'ones, crimina lese maiestatis, - misprisiones Prodic'onis, conspirac'ones, sedic'ones, - Insurecc'ones, concelament' Bellor', Gestion' Bellor', - machinac'ones, Imaginac'ones, vel attempt' Illicit', convinc'ones - verbor', Propalac'ones & ffelon' crimina, & offens' p'dict', minus - certe specificat' existim't. Q'dq: hec Pardonaco' n'ra in om'ib' - curiis n'ris et alibi interpretetr et adiudicetr in - beneficentissimo sensu [p=] firmiore exonerac'one relaxac'one & - Pardonac'one [p=]'fat' Jo[=h]is Trenchard ac etiam p'litetr - allocetr in om'ib: Curiis n'ris absq: aliquo Brevi de Allocac'one - mea parte pr'm's obtent' sive obtinend'. Et non obstante aliqua - def'tu vel aliquib' def'tibus in his l'ris n'ris patentib' - content' aut aliquo statuto, acto, ordinac'one provisione seu - Restricc'one aut aliqua al' re, causa, vel materia quacunq: in - contrar' inde ullo modo non obstante. - - In Cuius rei testimoniu' has l'ras n'ras fier' fecimus Patentes. - - Teste me ip'o apud West' decimo sept'o die Decembris anno regni - n'ri tertio. - - Per Breve de p'rato Sigillo - BARKER." - -This was in the year 1688, just seven days after, according to Macaulay, -that he had fled secretly from the kingdom, having previously thrown the -great seal into the Thames, whence it was dredged up some months after -by a fisherman. Being driven back by stress of weather, he returned to -London, and on the 17th Pepys states, - - "That night was a council; his Ma'ty refuses to assent to all the - proposals, goes away again to Rochester." - -and _on that very night_ was this pardon granted, James probably -endeavouring to prop up his tottering cause by attaching as many as -possible to his own party. There were several documents in the -collection of the late Josiah Trench, Esq., of Windsor (1648-1652) -signed by John Trenchard, among the other regicides. Ewing, in his -_Norfolk Lists_, states that a portrait of him is in existence, and that -he was a serjeant-at-law, and at this date (1688) M. P. for Thetford, -being at that date merely an esquire. In 1692, according to the same -authority, Sir John Trenchard was Secretary of State; and his death took -place in 1694. I should be glad to add to these scanty notices, -especially as regards the reason which rendered a pardon necessary at -this time. - - E. S. TAYLOR. - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -_Dayesman_ (Vol. i., p. 189.).--Bishop Jewell writes: - - "M. Harding would have had us put God's word to _daying_ (i.e. to - _trial_), and none otherwise to be obedient to Christ's - commandment, than if a few bishops gathered at Trident shall allow - it." - - _Replie to Harding_, _Works_, vol. ii. p. 424. (Dr. Jelf's edit.) - - "The _Ger._ TAGEN, to appoint a day. - The _D._ DAGHEN, to cite or summon on a day appointed." - - (Wachter and Kilian.) - -And _Dayesman_ is he, the man, "who fixes the _day_, who is present, or -sits as judge, arbiter, or umpire on the _day_ fixed or appointed." - -It is evident that Richardson made much use of Jewell; but this word -"daying" has escaped him: his explanation of _dayesman_ accords well -with it. - - Q. - -_Bull_; _Dun_ (Vol. ii., p. 143.).--We certainly do not want the aid of -Obadiah Bull and Joe Dun to account for these words. Milton writes, "I -affirm it to be a _bull_, taking away the essence of that, which it -calls itself." And a _bull_ is, "that which expresses something in -opposition to what is intended, wished, or felt;" and so named "from the -contrast of humble profession with despotic commands of Papal bulls." - -"A _dun_ is one who has _dinned_ another for money or anything."--See -Tooke, vol. ii. p. 305. - - Q. - -_Algernon Sidney_ (Vol. v., p. 447.).--I do not intend to enter the -lists in defence of this "illustrious patriot." The pages of "N. & Q." -are not a fit battle ground. But I request you to insert the whole -quotation, that your readers may judge with what amount of fairness C. -has made his note from Macaulay's _History_. - - "Communications were opened between Barillon, the ambassador of - Lewis, and those English politicians who had always professed, and - who indeed sincerely felt, the greatest dread and dislike of the - French ascendancy. The most upright member of the country party, - William Lord Russell, son of the Earl of Bedford, did not scruple - to concert with a foreign mission schemes for embarrassing his own - sovereign. This was the whole extent of Russell's offence. His - principles and his fortune alike raised him above all temptations - of a sordid kind: but there is too much reason to believe that - some of his associates were less scrupulous. It would be unjust to - impute to them the extreme wickedness of taking bribes to injure - their country. On the contrary, they meant to serve her: but it is - impossible to deny that they were mean and indelicate enough to - let a foreign prince pay them for serving her. Among those who - cannot be acquitted of this degrading charge was one man who is - popularly considered as the personification of public spirit, and - who, in spite of some great moral and intellectual faults, has a - just claim to be called a hero, a philosopher, and a patriot. It - is impossible to see without pain such a name in the list of the - pensioners of France. Yet it is some consolation to reflect that - in our own time a public man would be thought lost to all sense of - duty and shame who should not spurn from him a temptation which - conquered the virtue and the pride of Algernon Sidney." - - _History of England_, vol. i. p. 228. - - ALGERNON HOLT WHITE. - - Brighton. - -_Age of Trees_ (Vol. iv., pp. 401. 488.).--At Neustadt, in Wirtemberg, -there is a prodigious lime-tree, which gives its name to the town, which -is called _Neustadt an der Linden_. The age of this tree is said to be -1000 years. According to a German writer, it required the support of -sixty pillars in the year 1392, and attained its present size in 1541. -It now rests, says the same authority, on above one hundred props, and -spreads out so far that a market can be held under its shade. It is of -this tree that Evelyn says it was-- - - "Set about with divers columns and monuments of stone (eighty-two - in number, and formerly above one hundred more), which several - princes and nobles have adorned, and which as so many pillars - serve likewise to support the umbrageous and venerable boughs; and - that even the tree had been much ampler the ruins and distances of - the columns declare, which the rude soldiers have greatly - impaired." - -There is another colossal specimen of the same species in the churchyard -of the village of Cadiz, near Dresden. The circumference of the trunk is -forty feet. Singularly, though it is completely hollow through age, its -inner surface is coated with a fresh and healthy bark. - - UNICORN. - -_Emaciated Monumental Effigies_ (Vol. v., p. 427.).--In reference to -your correspondents' observations on skeleton monuments, I may mention -that there is one inserted in the wall of the yard of St. Peter's -Church, Drogheda. It is in high relief, cut in a dark stone and the -skeleton figure half shrouded by grave clothes is a sufficiently -appalling object. Beside it stands another figure still "in the flesh." -It is many years since I saw the monument, and whether there be any -inscription legible upon it, or whether it be generally known to whom it -belongs, I cannot inform you. - - URSULA. - -There is a very good instance of an "altar tomb," bearing on it an -ordinary effigy, and containing within it a skeleton figure, visible -through pierced panel work, in Fyfield Church, Berks. It is the monument -of Sir John Golafre, temp. Hen. V. Another fine instance I remember to -have seen (I believe) in the parish church of Ewelme, Oxon. - - HENRY G. TOMKINS. - - Weston-super-Mare. - -_Bee Park_ (Vol. v., p. 322.).--In this neighbourhood is an ancient -farm-house called Bee Hall, where I doubt not that bees were kept in -great quantities in bygone ages; and am the more led to believe this -because they always flourish best upon thyme, which grows here as freely -and luxuriantly as I ever elsewhere observed it. About four miles from -said Bee Hall, the other day, I was looking over a genteel residence, -and noticing a shady enclosure, asked the gardener what it was for. He -told me, to protect the bees from the sun: it was upon a much larger -scale than we generally now see, indicating that the soil, &c. suit -apiaries. Looking to the frequent mention of _honey_, and its vast -consumption formerly, as you instance in royal inventories, to which may -be added documents in cathedral archives, &c., is it not remarkable that -we should witness so few memorials of the ancient management of this -interesting insect? I certainly remember one well-built "bee-house," at -the edge of Lord Portsmouth's park, Hurstbourne, Hants, large enough for -a good cottage, now deserted. While on the subject I will solicit -information on a custom well known to those resident in the country, -viz. of making a great noise with a house key, or other small knocker, -against a metal dish or kettle while bees are swarming? Of course -farmers' wives, peasants, &c., who do not reason, adopt this because -their fathers before them did so. It is urged by intelligent naturalists -that it is utterly useless, as bees have no sense of hearing. What does -the clamour mean,--whence derived? - - B. B. - - Pembroke. - -_Sally Lunn_ (Vol. v., p. 371.).--In reply to the Query, "Is anything -known of Sally Lunn? is she a personage or a myth?" I refer your -inquirer to Hone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 1561.: - - "The bun so fashionable, called the _Sally Lunn_, originated with - a young woman of that name at Bath, about thirty years ago." [This - was written in 1826.] "She first cried them in a basket, with a - white cloth over it, morning and evening. Dalmer, a respectable - baker and musician, noticed her, bought her business, and made a - song and set it to music in behalf of Sally Lunn. This composition - became the street favourite, barrows were made to distribute the - nice cakes, Dalmer profited thereby and retired, and to this day - the _Sally Lunn Cake_ claims pre-eminence in all the cities of - England." - - J. R. W. - - Bristol. - -_Baxter's Pulpit_ (Vol. v., p. 363.).--An engraving of Baxter's pulpit -will be found in a work entitled _Footsteps of our Forefathers: what -they suffered and what they sought_. By James G. Miall, 1851, p. 232. - - J. R. W. - - Bristol. - -_Lothian's Scottish Historical Maps_ (Vol. v., p. 371.).--Although this -work is now out of print, and thereby scarce, your correspondent -ELGINENSIS will, I have no doubt, on application to Stevenson, the -"well-known" antiquarian and historical bookseller in Edinburgh, be put -in possession of a copy for 12_s._ - - T. G. P. - - Edinburgh. - -_British Ambassadors_ (Vol. iv., pp. 442. 477.).--Some time ago a -correspondent asked where he could obtain a list or lists of the -ambassadors sent from this court. I do not recollect that an answer has -appeared in your columns, nor do I know how far the following may suit -his purpose: - - "12. An Alphabetical Index of the Names and Dates of Employment of - English Ambassadors and Diplomatic Agents resident in Foreign - Courts, from the Reign of King Henry VIII. to that of Queen Anne - inclusive. One volume, folio." - -This is extracted from the letter of the Right Hon. H. Hobhouse, keeper -of His Majesty's State Papers, in reply to the Secretary of the -Commissioners of Public Records, dated "State Paper Office, Sept. 19, -1832." (See the Appendix to the _Commissioners' Report_, 1837, p. 78.) - - TEE BEE. - -_Knollys Family_ (Vol. v., p. 397.).--Lt.-General William Knollys, -eighth Earl of Banbury, married Charlotte Martha, second daughter of the -Ebenezer Blackwell, Esq., banker, of Lombard Street, and Lewisham, Kent. - -The present Col. Knollys, of the Fusileer Guards, is his representative. - -A. Blackwell, sister or daughter of John Blackwell, the father of -Ebenezer, married an Etheridge. - - W. BLACKWELL, Curate of Mells. - -_'Prentice Pillars--'Prentice Windows_ (Vol. v., p. 395.).--I am -reminded of a similar story connected with the two rose windows in the -transept of the beautiful cathedral of Rouen. They were described to me -by the old Swiss in charge, as the work of two artists, master and -pupil; and he also pointed out the spot where the master killed the -pupil, from jealousy of the splendid production of the _north_ window by -the latter: and, as the _Guide Book_ truly says, "La rose du nord est -plus belle que celle du midi"--the master's work. - - BENBOW. - - Birmingham. - -_St. Bartholomew_ (Vol. v., p. 129.).--Thanking you for the information -given, may I further inquire if any of your correspondents are aware of -the existence of any copy or print from the picture in the Church of -Notre Dame, at Paris, of St. Bartholomew healing the Princess of Armenia -(see Jameson's _Sacred and Legendary Art_); and where such may be seen? - - REGEDONUM. - -_Sun-dial Inscription_ (Vol. v., p. 79.).--The following inscription is -painted in huge letters over the sun-dial in front of an old farm-house -near Farnworth in Lancashire: - - "Horas non numero nisi serenas." - -Where are these words to be found? - - Y. - -_History of Faction_ (Vol. v., p. 225.).--In my copy of this work, -published in 1705, 8vo., formerly Isaac Reed's, he attributes it to -Colonel Sackville Tufton. I observe also that Wilson (_Life of De Foe_, -vol. ii. p. 335.) states, that in his copy it is ascribed, in an old -handwriting, to the same author. - - JAS. CROSSLEY. - -_Barnacles_ (Vol. v., p. 13.).--May not the use of this word in the -sense of _spectacles_ be a corruption of _binoculis_; and has not -_binnacle_ (part of a ship) a similar origin? - - J. S. WARDEN. - -_Family Likenesses_ (Vol. v., p. 7.).--Any one who mixed in the society -of the Scottish metropolis a few years ago must have met with two very -handsome and accomplished brothers, who generally wore the Highland -dress, and were known by the name of "The Princes." I do not mean to -enter into the question as to whether or not they were the true -representatives of "Bonnie Prince Charlie," which most persons consider -to have been conclusively settled in the negative by an article which -appeared in the _Quarterly Review_: but most assuredly a very strong -point of evidence in favour of their having the royal blood of Scotland -in their veins, was the remarkable resemblance which they -bore--especially the younger brother--to various portraits of the Stuart -family, and, among the rest, to those of the "Merry Monarch," as well as -of his father Charles I. - - E. N. - -_Merchant Adventurers to Spain_ (Vol. v., p. 276.).--C.J.P. may possibly -be assisted in his inquiries by referring to De Castros' _Jews in -Spain_, translated by Kirwan, pp. 190-196. This interesting work was -published by G. Bell, 186. Fleet Street, London, 1851. - - W. W. - - La Valetta, Malta. - -_Exeter Controversy_ (Vol. v., p. 126.).--This controversy was one of -the many discussions relating to the Trinity which have engaged the -theological activity of England during the last two hundred years. It -arose in consequence of the imputed Arianism of some Presbyterian -ministers of Exeter, the most conspicuous of whom were James Peirce and -Joseph Hallet. It began in 1717, and terminated in 1719, when these two -ministers were ejected from their pulpits. Your correspondent who put -the question will find some account of this controversy in Murch's -_History of the Presbyterian Churches in the West of England_,--a work -well worth the attention of those who take interest in the antiquities -of Non-conformity. - - T. H. GILL. - -_Corrupted Names of Places_ (Vol. v., p. 375.).--When my father was at -one time engaged in collecting the numbers drawn for the Sussex militia, -he began by calling out for those men who belonged to the hundred of -_Mayfield_; and though he three times repeated his call, not a single -man came forward. A person standing by suggested that he should say "the -hundred of _Mearvel_," and give it as broad a twang as possible. He did -so; when _nineteen_ out of _twenty-three_ present answered to the -summons. _Hurstmonceaux_ is commonly pronounced _Harsmouncy_; and I have -heard _Sompting_ called _Summut_. - - G. BLINK. - -_Poison_ (Vol. v., p. 394.).--Junius, Bailey, and Johnson seem all to -agree that our word _poison_ comes from the French _poison_. I am -inclined to think, with the two first-mentioned lexicographers, that the -etymon is [Greek: posis], or _potio_. Junius adds, that "Ita Belgis -venenum dicitur _gift_, donum;" and it is curious that in Icelandic -_eitr_ means both poison and gift. In the _Antiquitates Celto-Scandicae_ -(p. 13.), I find the following expressions:--"Sva er sagt, at Froda vaeri -gefinn banadryckr." "Mixta portioni veneno sublatum e vivis tradunt -Frotonem." Should it not be _potioni_, inasmuch as "bana," in Icelandic, -signifies to kill, if I do not err, and "dryckr" is drink? Certainly, in -Anglo-Saxon, "bana" (whence our _bane_) and "drycian" have similar -significations. - - C. I. R. - -Is there any possible doubt that _poison_ is _potion_? Menage quotes -Suetonius, that Caligula was _potionatus_ by his wife. It is a French -word undoubtedly. - - C. B. - -_Vikingr Skotar_ (Vol. v., p. 394.).--In the _Antiquitates -Celto-Scandicae_ it is stated (p. 5.), that after the death of Guthormr, -and subsequently to the departure of Harald (Harfagr) from the Hebrides, -"Sidan settug i londin vikingar margir Danir oc Nordmenn. Posthac sedes -ibi occupant piratae plurimi, Dani aequa ac Normanni." The word -_vikingar_, the true Icelandic word for pirate, often occurs in the same -saga, but not combined with _skotar_, though this latter term is -repeated, signifying "the Scotch," and also in composition with -_konungr_, &c. - - C. I. R. - -_Rhymes on Places_ (Vol. v., pp. 293. 374.).--A complete collection of -local rhymes would certainly be both curious and interesting. Those -cited by Chambers in his amusing work are exclusively Scotch; for a -collection relating to English towns, I would refer your Querist MR. -FRASER to Grose's _Provincial Glossary_, where, interspersed among the -"Local Proverbs," he will find an extensive gathering of characteristic -rhymes. I conclude with appending a few not to be found in either of -these works: - - "RICHMOND. - - "Nomen habes _mundi_, nec erit sine jure, secundi, - Namque situs titulum comprobat ipse tuum. - From thy rich mound thy appellation came, - And thy rich seat proves it a proper name." - - _Drunken Barnaby's Journal._ - - "Anglia, mons, fons, pons, ecclesia, foemina, lana. - England amongst all nations is most full, - Of hills, wells, bridges, churches, women, wool." - - _Ibid._ - - "Cornwall swab-pie, and Devon white-pot brings, - And Leicester beans, and bacon fit for kings." - - Dr. King's _Art of Cookery_. See _Spectator_. - -In Belgium I am perhaps beyond bounds, but may cite in conclusion: - - "Nobilibus Bruxella viris, Antverpia nummis, - Gandavum laqueis, formosis Burga puellis, - Lovanium doctis, gaudet Mechlinia stultis." - - WILLIAM BATES. - -You may perhaps think the accompanying, "Rhymes on Places" worthy of -insertion, on the districts of the county of Ayr, viz.: - - "Carrick for a man, - Kyle for a cou, - Cunninghame for butter and cheese, - And Galloway for woo." - - F. J. H. - -_"We three"_ (Vol. v., p. 338.).--It may interest your correspondent to -learn that a public-house exists in London with the sign he mentions. It -is situate in Virginia Row, Bethnal Green, is styled "The Three -Loggerheads," and has a signboard ornamented with a couple of busts: one -of somewhat Caesarian aspect, laureated; the other a formidable-looking -personage with something on his head, probably intended for the dog-skin -helmet of the ancient Greeks,--but as the style of art strongly reminds -one of that adopted for the figure-heads of ships, I confess my doubts -on the subject. Under each bust appears the distich: - - "WE THREE - LOGGERHEADS BE." - -The sign appears a "notability" in the neighbourhood, as I have more -than once in passing seen some apparent new comer set to guess its -meaning; and when he confessed his inability, informed, in language more -forcible than elegant, that he made the third Loggerhead. - - W. E. F. - -_Burning Fern brings Rain_ (Vol. v., p. 242.).--In some parts of -America, but more particularly in the New England States, there was a -popular belief, in former times, that immediately after a large fire in -a town, or of wood in a forest, there would be a "fall of rain." Whether -this opinion exists among the people at present, or whether it was -entertained by John Winthrop, the first governor of the colony of -Massachusetts Bay, and the Pilgrim Fathers, on their landing at -Plymouth, as they most unfortunately did, their superstitious belief in -witchcraft, and some other "strange notions," may be a subject of future -inquiry. - - W. W. - - La Valetta, Malta. - -_Plague Stones_ (Vol. v., pp. 226. 374.).--I have often seen the stone -which G. J. R. G. mentions as "to be seen close to Gresford, in -Denbighshire, about a quarter of a mile from the town, on the road to -Wrexham, under a wide-spreading tree, on an open space, where three -roads meet." It is, I conjecture, the base of a cross. This stone may be -the remnant of the last of a succession of crosses, the first of which -may have given its Welsh name, _Croes ffordd_, the way of the cross, to -the village. There is no tradition of any visitation of the plague at -Gresford; but there is reason to suppose that it once prevailed at -Wrexham, which is about three miles distant. Near that town, and on the -side of a hill near the footpath leading from Wrexham vechan to -Marchwiel Hall, there is a field called _Bryn y cabanau_, the brow of -the cabins; the tradition respecting which is, that, during the -prevalence of the plague in Wrexham, the inhabitants constructed wooden -huts in this place for their temporary residences. - - A QUONDAM GRESFORDITE. - -I do not think the "Plague Stone" a mile or two out of Hereford has been -mentioned in the Notes on that subject. If my memory is correct, there -is a good deal of ornament, and it is surrounded by a short flight of -stone steps. - - F. J. H. - -_Sneezing_ (Vol. v., p. 364.).--Having occasion to look at the first -edition of the _Golden Legend_, printed by Caxton, I met with the -following passage, which may perhaps prove interesting to your -correspondent, as showing that the custom of blessing persons when they -sneeze "endured" in the fifteenth century. The institution of the -"Litany the more and the lasse," we are told, was justified,-- - - "For a right grete and grevous maladye: for as the Romayns had in - the lenton lyued sobrely and in contynence, and after at Ester had - receyud theyr Sauyour; after they disordered them in etyng, in - drynkyng, in playes, and in lecherye. And therfore our Lord was - meuyed ayenst them and sente them a grete pestelence, which was - called the Botche of impedymye, and that was cruell and sodayne, - and caused peple to dye in goyng by the waye, in pleying, in - leeyng atte table, and in spekyng one with another sodeynly they - deyed. In this manere somtyme snesyng they deyed; so that whan any - persone was herd snesyng, anone they that were by said to hym, God - helpe you, or Cryst helpe, _and yet endureth the custome_. And - also when he sneseth or gapeth he maketh to fore his face the - signe of the crosse and blessith hym. And yet endureth this - custome." - - _Golden Legende_, edit. 1483, fo. xxi. b. - - F. SOMNER MERRYWEATHER. - - Kentish Town. - -_Abbot of Croyland's Motto_ (Vol. v., p. 395.).--MR. FORBES is quite -correct with regard to the motto of Abbot Wells, which should be -"Benedicite Fontes Domin_o_." The sentence, "Bless the Wells, O Lord!" -which is placed in so awkward a juxtaposition with it, is really a -distinct motto for the name of Wells, and, so far from being a -translation of the abbot's, is almost an inversion of it; and this -should, as MR. FORBES justly remarks, have had "some editorial notice" -from me. - - M. A. LOWER. - -_Derivation of the Word "Azores"_ (Vol. v., p. 439.).--The group of -islands called the _Azores_, first discovered in 1439, by Joshua -Vanderburg, a merchant of Bruges, and taken possession of by the -Portuguese in 1448, were so named by Martin Behem, from the Portuguese -word _Acor_, a hawk; Behem observing a great number of hawks there. The -three species most frequently seen now are the Kestril, called -_Francelho_; the Sparrowhawk, _Furobardo_; and the Buzzard, _Manta_; but -whether very numerous or not, I am unable to state. From the -geographical position of these islands, correct lists of the birds and -fishes would be of great interest, and, as far as I am aware, are yet -wanting. - -Martin Behem found one of these islands covered with beech-trees, and -called it therefore _Fayal_, from the Portuguese word _Faya_, a -beech-tree. Another island, abounding in sweet flowers, he called -_Flores_, from the Portuguese, _Flor_, a flower. _Terceira_, one of the -nine islands forming the group, is said to have been so called, because, -in the order of succession, it was the third island discovered (from -_Ter_ and _ceira_, a bank). _Graciosa_, as a name, was conferred upon -one of peculiar beauty, a sort of paradise. _Pico_ derived its name from -its sugar-loaf form. The raven found at Madeira and the Canary Islands -is probably also a native of the Azores, and might have suggested the -Portuguese name of _Corvo_ for one of the nine. St. Mary, St. Michael, -and St. George complete the names of the group, of which St. Michael is -the largest and Corvo the smallest. - - WM. YARRELL. - - Rider Street. - -_Scologlandis and Scologi_ (Vol. v., p. 416.).--As these names occur in -a Celtic country, we are justified in seeking their explanation in the -Celtic language. I therefore write to inform G. J. R. G. that the word -_scolog_ is a living word in the Irish language, and that it signifies a -_farmer_ or _husbandman_. It is the word used in the Irish Bible at -Matt. xxi. 33., "he let it out to _husbandmen_"--tug se do _scologaibh_ -ar chios i. - -I may also mention that the name _Mac Scoloige_ is very common in the -co. Fermanagh in Ireland, where it is very generally anglicised -_Farmer_, according to a usual practice of the Irish. Thus it is not -uncommon even now to find a man known by the name of John or Thomas -_Farmer_, whose father or grandfather is John or Thomas Mac Scoloige, -the name Mac Scoloige signifying "son of a farmer." - -The _Scologlandis_, in the documents quoted by G. J. R. G., must -therefore have taken their name from the _scologs_ or farmers, by whom -they were cultivated, unless we suppose that they were anciently the -patrimony of some branch of the family of Mac Scoloige, whose remains -are now settled in Fermanagh. - -In Scotland the word is now usually written _sgalag_, and is explained -by Armstrong in his _Gaelic Dictionary_ "a farm servant." And the word -does certainly seem to have been used in ancient Irish to denote a -_servant_ or menial attendant, although the notion of a _farm_ servant -seems to have grown out of its other significations. Thus in a very -ancient historical romance (probably as old as the ninth or tenth -century), which is preserved in the curious volume called _Leabhar -breac_, or _Speckled Book_, in the library of the Royal Irish Academy, -the word _scolog_ is used to designate _the servant_ of the Abbot of St. -Finbar's, Cork. - - J. H. T. - - - - -Miscellaneous. - - -NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. - -If there be any one class of documents from which, more than from any -other, we may hope to draw evidence of the accuracy of Byron's -assertion, that "Truth is strange, stranger than fiction!" they are -surely the records of judicial proceedings both in civil and criminal -matters; while, as Mr. Burton well observes in the preface to the two -volumes which have called forth this remark, _Narratives from Criminal -Trials in Scotland_, "there can be no source of information more -fruitful in incidents which have the attraction of picturesqueness, -along with the usefulness of truth." In submitting therefore to the -public the materials of this nature--some drawn from manuscript -authorities, some again from those works which, being printed for -Subscription Clubs, may be considered as privately printed, and -inaccessible to the majority of readers--which had accumulated on his -hands while in the pursuit of other inquiries connected with the history -of Scotland, Mr. Burton has produced two volumes which will be read -with the deepest interest. The narratives are of the most varied -character; and while some give us strange glimpses of the workings of -the human heart, and show us how truly the Prophet spoke when he -described it as being "deceitful above all things, and desperately -wicked;" and some exhibit humiliating pictures of the fallibility of -human judgment, others derive their chief interest from revealing -collaterally "the social secrets of the day,--from the state mysteries, -guarded by the etiquette and policy of courts, down to those -characteristics of humble life which are removed from ordinary notice by -their native obscurity." Greater dramatic power on the part of Mr. -Burton might have given additional attraction to his narratives; but -though the want of this power is obvious, they form two volumes which -will be perused with great curiosity and interest even by the most -passionless of readers. - -Speaking of the use of Records reminds us that our valued cotemporary -_The Athenaeum_ has anticipated us in a purpose we have long entertained, -of calling the attention of historical inquirers to the vast amount of -new material for illustrating English history to be found in Sir F. -Palgrave's _Calendar of the "Baga de Secretis,"_ printed by him in -several of his Reports, as Deputy Keeper of the Records. As _The -Athenaeum_ has however entered upon the subject, we cannot do better than -refer our readers to its columns. - -_Letter addressed to Lord Viscount Mahon, M.P., President of the Society -of Antiquaries, on the Propriety of Reconsidering the Resolutions of -that Society which regulate the Payments from the Fellows_: by John -Bruce, Esq., Treas. S.A.--is the title of a temperate and well-argued -endeavour on the part of the Treasurer, to persuade the Society of -Antiquaries to return to that scale of subscription, &c. which prevailed -at the moment when unquestionably the Society was at its highest point -of reputation and usefulness. Originally addressed to the President, and -then communicated to the Council, it has now been submitted to the -Fellows, that they may see some of the grounds on which the Council have -recommended, and on which they are invited to ballot on Thursday next, -in favour of a reversal of the Resolution of 1807. Looking to the -general state and prosperity of the Society as exhibited in this -pamphlet, and comparing the payments to it with those to the numerous -Archaeological Societies which have sprung up of late years, the proposal -seems to be well-timed, and deserving to be adopted by the Fellows as -obviously calculated to extend the usefulness and raise the character of -the Society. We hope that when the ballot is taken, some of those old -friends of the Society to whose former exertions, in connexion with its -financial arrangements, the Society owes so much, and who are understood -_now_ to be doubtful as to the measure, will put in their white balls in -favour of a step which ought clearly to lead to increased exertions on -the part of all persons connected with the Society; and which may well -be advocated on the ground, that it must lead to such a result. - -The lovers of elaborate and highly finished drawings of antiquarian -objects are recommended to inspect some specimens of Mr. Shaw's artistic -skill, comprising portraits of Mary Queen of Scots, Mary of England, the -Pall of the Fishmongers' Company, which will be on view to-day and -Monday at Sotheby and Wilkinson's Rooms, previous to their sale by -auction on Tuesday next. - - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES - -WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -BIBLIA SACRA, Vulg. Edit., cum Commentar. Menochii. Alost and Ghent, -1826. Vol. I. - -BARANTE, DUCS DE BOURGOGNE. Vols. I. and II. 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Edit. -Paris Ladvocat, 1825. - -BIOGRAPHIA AMERICANA, by a Gentleman of Philadelphia. - -POTGIESERI DE CONDITIONE SERVORUM APUD GERMANOS. 8vo. Col. Agrip. - -THE BRITISH POETS. Whittingham's edition in 100 Vols., with plates. - -REPOSITORY OF PATENTS AND INVENTIONS. Vol. XLV. 2nd Series. 1824. - - ---- Vol. V. 3rd Series 1827. - -NICHOLSON'S PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL. Vols. XIV. XV. 1806. - -JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN. No. XI. 2nd Series. - -SOROCOLD'S BOOK OF DEVOTIONS. - -WORKS OF ISAAC BARROW, D.D., late Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. -London, 1683. Vol. I. Folio. - -LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vols. VI. VII. VIII. IX. XII. XIII., -Cloth. - -FABRICII BIBLIOTHECA LATINA. Ed. Ernesti. Leipsig, 1773. Vol. III. - -THE ANACALYPSIS. By Godfrey Higgins. 2 Vols. 4to. - -CODEX DIPLOMATICUS AEVI SAXONICI, opera J. M. Kemble. Vols. I. and II. -8vo. - -ECKHEL, DOCTRINA NUMORUM. Vol. VIII. - -BROUGHAM'S MEN OF LETTERS. 2nd Series, royal 8vo., boards. Original -edition. - -KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Royal 8vo. Parts XLII. XLIII. XLIV. L. -and LI. - -CONDER'S ANALYTICAL VIEW OF ALL RELIGIONS. 8vo. - -HALLIWELL ON THE DIALECTS OF SOMERSETSHIRE. - -SCLOPETARIA, or REMARKS ON RIFLES, &c. - - [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, - _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND - QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. - - -Notices to Correspondents. - -REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Eagles' Feathers--Many -Children--Longevity--Oasis--Newton, Cicero, and Gravitation--Burial of -Suicides--Warwickshire Ballad--Algernon Sydney--Mother Damnable--Passage -in Henry IV.--Moon and her Influences--Emaciated Monumental -Effigies--Cane Decane--Hoax on Sir Walter Scott--Poison--Whipping -Boys--Monument of Mary Queen of Scots--Portrait of Earl of -Peterborough--Can Bishops vacate their Sees, &c.--Burials in Fields--The -Three Estates of the Realm--Bawdricks for Bells--The Sclaters--St. -Christopher--Arms of Thompson--Wyned--Lines on Crawfurd of -Kilbirnie--Silent Woman--A Man his own Grandfather--Palaeologus--Lines on -a Bed--Inveni Portum, &c., and many others, which we will acknowledge in -our next Number._ - -A. B., _who asks the meaning of_ MOSAIC, _is referred to our_ 3rd Vol., -pp. 389. 469. 521. - -C. C. G., _who asks the origin of "God tempers the wind," is referred to -our_ 1st Vol., pp. 211. 236. 325. 357. 418., _where he will find that it -is derived from the French proverb quoted by Gruter in 1611, "A brebis -pres tondue, Dieu luy mesure le vent"_. - -POLYNESIAN LANGUAGES. _If_ EBLANENSIS _will call on the_ Assistant -Foreign Secretary _of the Bible Society, he will be assisted in -procuring the Samoan text, and such others as have been published. The -Feejeean is just about to be reprinted, the first edition being out of -print._ - -KESEPH'S BIBLE. _The Query on this subject from_ "The Editor of the -Chronological New Table" _has been accidentally omitted. It shall be -inserted in our next Number._ - -J. M. G. C. _is thanked. His suggestions and communication shall not be -lost sight of._ - -BALLIOLENSIS _is requested to say how a letter may be addressed to him._ - - - - -SPECIMENS OF TILE PAVEMENTS. - - DRAWN FROM EXISTING AUTHORITIES - BY - HENRY SHAW, F.S.A. - - Although some few examples of the original designs, and many - separate patterns taken from the scattered remains of these most - interesting Pavements, are figured in divers Architectural and - Archaeological Publications; it is presumed, that if a series of - specimens of the many varieties of general arrangement to be found - in those still existing, together with a selection of the - particular Tiles of each period, the most remarkable for the - elegance and beauty of the foliage and other devices impressed - upon them, were classed chronologically, and brought within the - compass of a single volume, it would prove highly valuable as a - work of reference; not only to architects, but to all who are - engaged in furnishing designs for any kind of material where - symmetrical arrangements or tasteful diaperings are required. - - The present work is intended to supply such a desideratum. It will - be completed in Ten Monthly Parts. Each Part to contain Five - Plates, royal 4to. printed in Colours. Price 5_s._ - - A Preface and Description of the various Pavements will be given - with the last Number. - - No. I. was published on the 1st of May, 1852. - - Works by Mr. Shaw. - - DRESSES AND DECORATIONS OF THE MIDDLE AGES. In 2 vols. coloured, - imperial 8vo. price 7_l._ 7_s._; or on imperial 4to. the plates - more highly finished and heightened with gold, price 18_l._ - - ILLUMINATED ORNAMENTS. From the sixth to the seventeenth century. - Selected from Manuscripts and early printed books, carefully - coloured from the Originals, with descriptions by Sir Frederick - Madden, K.H. In 1 vol. 4to. 5_l._ 5_s._; or on large paper, highly - finished with opaque colours, and heightened with gold, imperial - 4to. 10_l._ 10_s._ - - ALPHABETS, NUMERALS, and DEVICES of the MIDDLE AGES. Containing 48 - Plates, on imperial 8vo. price 2_l._ 2_s._; or on imperial 4to. - price 4_l._ 4_s._ - - SPECIMENS OF ANCIENT FURNITURE. Drawn from existing authorities, - with descriptions by Sir Samuel R. Meyrick, K.H. In 1 vol. - containing 75 Plates, medium 4to. plain, 2_l._ 2_s._; with - numerous coloured Plates, 4_l._ 4_s._; or on imperial 4to. the - whole of the Plates coloured, price 10_l._ 10_s._ - - SPECIMENS OF ORNAMENTAL METAL WORK. With 50 Plates, 4to. price - 2_l._ 2_s._ - - SPECIMENS of the DETAILS of ELIZABETHAN ARCHITECTURE. In 1 vol. - 4to. containing 60 Plates, price 3_l._ 3_s._; or imperial 4to. - India paper, 6_l._ 6_s._ - - THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ORNAMENT. In 1 vol. medium 4to. price 1_l._ - 10_s_; or on imperial 4to. coloured Plates, price 3_l._ - - A BOOKE OF SUNDRY DRAUGHTES, principally serving the Glaziers: and - not impertinent for Plasterers and Gardeners, besides sundry other - Professions. By Walter Gidde. A new edition, with additions. 1 - vol. 8vo. containing 117 Plates, 16_s._ - - THE DECORATIVE ARTS of the MIDDLE AGES. In 1 vol. imperial 8vo. - price 2_l._ 2_s._; in imperial 4to. price 4_l._ 4_s._; or with the - whole of the Plates and Woodcuts highly coloured and the initial - letters carefully illuminated, price 8_l._ 8_s._ - - London: WILLIAM PICKERING. - - -ALLSOPP'S PALE AND BITTER ALES.--The recent disquisitions on the -components of "Pale Ale or Bitter Beer" have given occasion to a renewal -from all quarters of those recommendations of the Faculty which -originally gave the start to its great popularity in this country. A -registry of certificates from the most eminent Physicians, as well as -the list of agents authorised for the sale of Allsopp's Pale Ales (so as -to preclude the possibility of adulteration, and insure a constant -supply of this celebrated beverage) may be obtained from the Brewery, -Burton-on-Trent; and the various branch offices of Messrs. Allsopp and -Sons, in - - LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City. - LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street. - MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place. - BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall. - DUDLEY, at the Royal Brewery. - GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street. - DUBLIN, at Ulster Chambers, Dame Street. - - -WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, -LONDON. - - Founded A.D. 1842. - - _Directors._ - H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. - William Cabell, Esq. - T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. - G. Henry Drew, Esq. - William Evans, Esq. - William Freeman, Esq. - F. Fuller, Esq. - J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. - T. Grissell, Esq. - James Hunt, Esq. - J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. - E. Lucas, Esq. - James Lys Seager, Esq. - J. Basley White, Esq. - Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. - - _Trustees._ - W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. - L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. - George Drew, Esq. - - _Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood. M.P. - _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. - _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. - - VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. - - POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through - temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given - upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to - the conditions detailed in the Prospectus. - - Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share - in three-fourths of the Profits:-- - - Age _l._ _s._ _d._ - 17 1 14 4 - 22 1 18 8 - 27 2 4 5 - 32 2 10 8 - 37 2 18 6 - 42 3 8 2 - - ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., - Actuary. - - Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material - additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE - on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of - Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land - Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on - Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., - Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament - Street, London. - - -MOURNING.--COURT, FAMILY, and COMPLIMENTARY.--The Proprietor of THE -LONDON GENERAL MOURNING WAREHOUSE begs respectfully to remind families -whose bereavements compel them to adopt Mourning Attire, that every -article of the very best description, requisite for a complete outfit of -Mourning, may be had at this Establishment at a moment's notice. - - ESTIMATES FOR SERVANTS' MOURNING, affording a great saving to - families, are furnished; whilst the habitual attendance of - experienced assistants (including dressmakers and milliners), - enables them to suggest or supply every necessary for the - occasion, and suited to any grade or condition of the community. - WIDOWS' AND FAMILY MOURNING is always kept made up, and a note, - descriptive of the Mourning required, will insure its being sent - forthwith, either in Town or into the Country, and on the most - Reasonable Terms. - - W. C. JAY, 247-249. Regent Street. - - -CIGARS OF THE CHOICEST IMPORTATIONS at GREATLY REDUCED PRICES for CASH. -The First Class Brands. "Ptarga," "Flor Cabana," &c., 28_s._ per pound. -British Cigars from 8_s._ 6_d._ per pound. Lord Byron's 14_s._ 6_d._, -very fine flavour. Genuine Latakia, 10_s._ 6_d._ per pound, delicious -aroma. Every Description of Eastern and American Tobaccos. Meerschaum -Pipes, Cigar Cases, Stems, Porte Monnaies, &c. &c. of the finest -qualities, considerably under the Trade Prices. - - J. F. VARLEY & CO., Importers. - - The HAVANNAH STORES, 364. Oxford Street, opposite the Princess's - Theatre. - - -In the press, and speedily will be published, at a cost not exceeding -7_s._ 6_d._ (Non-subscriber's price 10_s._), in a volume of about 220 -pages small quarto, neatly bound, - - BIBLIOTHECA DEVONIENSIS; or, a Catalogue of the Printed Books - (upwards of 1,300) relating to the County of Devon, with - occasional Notes and Memoranda, and full Indexes to the Names of - Persons and Places. By JAMES DAVIDSON, Esq., of Secktor House, - Axminster, Devon. - - The Places where the Rarer Books are deposited will be mentioned. - - N.B. Two-thirds of the whole impression are already subscribed - for. - - Subscribers' names are received by Mr. WM. ROBERTS, the Publisher, - 197. High Street, Exeter. - - -PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, - - 50. REGENT STREET. - CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS. - Established 1806. - - Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._ - Annual Income. 150,000_l._ - Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._ - Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._ - - _President._ - The Right Honourable EARL GREY. - - _Directors._ - The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_. - H. Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Dep.-Chairman_. - Henry B. Alexander, Esq. - George Dacre, Esq. - William Judd, Esq. - Sir Richard D. King, Bart. - The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird. - Thomas Maugham, Esq. - William Ostler, Esq. - Apsley Pellatt, Esq. - George Round, Esq. - Frederick Squire, Esq. - William Henry Stone, Esq. - Capt. William John Williams. - - J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_. - _Physician._--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29 Upper Montague Street, - Montague Square. - - NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED. - - Examples of the Extinction of Premiums - by the Surrender of Bonuses. - --------+----------+------------------+-------------------- - | | | Bonuses - Date | Sum | Original |added subsequently, - of | Insured. | Premium. | to be further - Policy.| | _l._ | increased - | | | annually. - --------+----------+------------------+-------------------- - 1806 | 2500 | 79 10 10 Exting. | _l._1222 2 8 - 1811 | 1000 | 33 19 2 Ditto | 231 17 0 - 1818 | 1000 | 34 16 10 Ditto | 114 18 10 - --------+----------+------------------+-------------------- - Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies. - --------+--------+---------+----------+-------------------- - | | | | Total with - Policy | Date. | Sum | Bonuses | Additions - No. | | Insured.| added. | to be further - | | _l._ | _l._ | increased. - --------+--------+---------+----------+-------------------- - 521 | 1807 | 900 | 982 12 1 | _l._ 1882 12 1 - 1174 | 1810 | 1200 |1160 5 6 | 2360 5 6 - 3392 | 1820 | 5000 |3558 17 8 | 8558 17 8 - --------+--------+---------+----------+-------------------- - - Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application - to the Agents of the Office, in all principal Towns of the United - Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. - Regent Street. - - -AHRENS' GREEK READER, BY ARNOLD. - - In 12mo., price 3_s._ - - AN ELEMENTARY GREEK READER, from HOMER. From the German of Dr. - Ahrens, Director of the Lyceum at Hanover, Author of a Treatise on - the Greek Dialects. With Grammatical Introduction, Notes, and - Glossary. Edited by the Rev. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, - and late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. - - The Homeric Poems are the best key both to the spirit and form of - Grecian literature in general.--_Preface._ - - RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; - - Of whom may be had (edited by the Rev. T. K. Arnold), - - 1. HOMER for BEGINNERS; the ILIAD, Books I. to III. with ENGLISH - NOTES. 3_s._ 6_d._ - - 2. HOMERI ILIAS, Lib. I.-IV., with copious CRITICAL INTRODUCTION - and ENGLISH NOTES. 7_s._ 6_d._ - - 3. HOMERI ILIAS, COMPLETE EDITION, with ENGLISH NOTES. 12_s._ - - -ARNOLD'S INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF HEBREW. - - In 12mo., price 7_s._ 6_d._ - - THE FIRST HEBREW BOOK, on the plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." - by the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and - late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. - - "The arrangement is excellent. The addition of English characters - is very well calculated to assist the learner, and to incite those - who, from the difficulty of reading fluently, are disinclined to - become learners. Mr. Arnold says in his preface:--'Wishing to - tempt many persons to teach themselves the language in which the - Scriptures of the Old Testament were composed, I have felt it - necessary to smooth the path to the accomplishment of the first - and most irksome portion of the labour.' This task he has - performed most successfully."--_English Churchman._ - - RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. - - -ARNOLD'S ECLOGAE OVIDIANAE. - - Eighth Edition. In 12mo., price 2_s._ 6_d._ - - ECLOGAE OVIDIANAE; with English Notes. By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER - ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity - College, Cambridge. This Work is from the Fifth Part of the - "Lateinisches Elementarbuch of Professors Jacobs and Doerings," - which has an immense circulation on the Continent and in America. - - RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; - - Of whom may be had, by the same Editor, - - 1. ECLOGAE OVIDIANAE, Part II.: containing Selections from the - METAMORPHOSES. With English Notes. 5_s._ - - 2. CORNELIUS NEPOS. Part I. With Critical Questions and Answers, - and an Imitative Exercise on each Chapter. Third Edition. In 12mo. - 4_s._ - - 3. A FIRST CLASSICAL ATLAS. 7_s._ 6_d._ - - -LEGAL IAMBICS. - - This day is published in 8vo. price 1_s._ stitched. - - LEGAL IAMBICS in Prose, suggested by the present Chancery Crisis. - By a CHANCERY BARRISTER. - - STEVENS & NORTON, Law Booksellers and Publishers, 26. Bell Yard, - Lincoln's Inn. - - -Just imported, price 2_s._; post free, 2_s._ 6_d._ - - GRIMM'S GERMAN DICTIONARY, Deutsches Woerterbuch von JACOB GRIMM u. - WILHELM GRIMM. Part I. (A-ALL). 120 pp. 4to. Printed on writing - paper. Price 2_s._ - - "While on the one hand the work will be found such as to do - justice to the well-known acquirements of its distinguished - authors, it will not be found to be so overlaid with learning as - to be only fit for the use of profound philologists."--_Notes and - Queries, May 15._ - - WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S LINGUISTIC CATALOGUE may be had Gratis by - post, one Stamp. - - WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. - - -NEW GERMAN BOOKS, JUST IMPORTED. - - GRIMM'S DEUTSCHES WOERTERBUCH, von JACOB GRIMM und WILHELM GRIMM. - Part I., to be completed in about Thirty-six Parts, imp. 8vo. - - GOERGEL, ARTHUR, MEIN LEBEN und WIRKEN in UNGARN in den JAHREN 1848 - und 1849. 2 vols. 8vo. - - MOMMSEN, THEOD., INSCRIPTIONES REGNI NEAPOLITANI LATINAE. 1 vol. - folio, pp. 528. - - DULAU & CO., Foreign Booksellers, 37. Soho Square. - - -TO CLERGYMEN, AUTHORS, and TRADESMEN.--500 Copies of a Speech or Sermon, -occupying about an Hour in delivery, printed as a Pamphlet, in clear -Type, for 3_l._ 15_s._ Books, Essays, Poems, &c., correctly and -handsomely printed. A bold trade Card-plate engraved for 6_s._; 100 -Cards, 2_s._; Bill-head Plate, 8_s._ 6_d._; 1,000 Circulars, note size -cream-laid paper, 17_s._; 1,000 ditto, letter size, 25_s._ Orders per -post, with remittance, promptly attended to. Work done for the Trade. - - SLEE & SON, General Printers, 47. Marshall Street, Golden Square; - - Where may be had "Slee's Guide to Authors Going to Press" (30 - pp.), forwarded on receipt of 18 Postage Stamps. - - -THE EMPHATIC NEW TESTAMENT. - - This day, in 8vo., cloth, price 6_s._ 6_d._ - - THE EMPHATIC NEW TESTAMENT. The Four Gospels, according to the - authorised English Version; with an Introductory Essay on Greek - Emphasis, accompanied by the various Readings of the Vatican - Manuscript. By JOHN TAYLOR, Author of "What is the Power of the - Greek Article?" &c. - - [Star symbol] A detailed prospectus and specimen may be had, - postage free, of the publishers. - - London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street, and - 27. Ivy Lane. - - -Now ready. In imperial 4to. (13 copper plates) plain, 1_l._ 1_s._; -folio, and part coloured, 2_l._ 2_s._ - - THE MONUMENTAL EFFIGIES AND TOMBS IN ELFORD CHURCH, STAFFORDSHIRE, - their History and Restoration, with a Memoir and Pedigree. By - EDWARD RICHARDSON, Sculptor, &c. - - London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; and all Booksellers. - - -SIR RANDOLPH ROUTH ON THE HOME DEFENCES. - - Just published, a New Edition, in 8vo., price 2_s._ - - OBSERVATIONS ON COMMISSARIAT FIELD SERVICE and HOME DEFENCES. By - Commissary-Gen. SIR RANDOLPH ISHAM ROUTH, K.C.B. Second Edition. - - London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. - - -TO AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS.--A Young man is desirous of employing some -leisure time in COPYING, TRANSLATING, or PREPARING MSS., &c., for -Printing or other purposes. He understands Latin and French; and being -connected with the Press, is accustomed to deciphering obscure MS. -Address G. J. 12. Sussex Terrace, Barnsbury Park. - - -AN ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE HEBREW TEXT OF THE BOOK -OF GENESIS. Preceded by a Hebrew Grammar, and Dissertations on the -Genuineness of the Pentateuch and on the Structure of the Hebrew -Language. By the Rev. WILLIAM PAUL, A.M. In 8vo., pp. 520, price 18_s._ - - "We hail with pleasure the appearance of this admirable - work."--_Evangelical Magazine._ - - "Possesses all those attributes of convenience and excellence - which will establish it in a wide and permanent - popularity."--_Dublin Warder._ - - "Apart from the value of the eloquent and powerfully written - dissertations, this volume cannot be otherwise regarded than as a - great boon to all who desire to be thoroughly conversant with the - Hebrew Language."--_Jewish Herald._ - - "A very useful volume for the Hebrew student."--_Spectator._ - - W. BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. - - -New Work on the Parliament for the PRESENT CRISIS, by Mr. DOD, solving -all political "Queries." Now ready. - - ELECTORAL FACTS, from 1832 to 1852, impartially stated, including - the Local Political History, PREVAILING INFLUENCE, Nature of the - Constituency, Property and Taxation. Noted Members, the POLLS for - the last Twenty Years, Population, &c., of every Constituency. By - CHARLES R. DOD. Esq., Author of "The Parliamentary Companion," - "The Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage," &c. Royal 18mo., handsomely - bound in cloth, price 7_s._ 6_d._ - - WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane. - - -Just published, post 8vo., 10_s._ 6_d._ - - ROBERT BLAKE, ADMIRAL and GENERAL at SEA. Based on Family and - State Papers. By HEPWORTH DIXON. With a Portrait. - - 2 vols. post 8vo. 18_s._ cloth. - - NARRATIVES FROM CRIMINAL TRIALS IN SCOTLAND. By JOHN HILL BURTON, - Author of "The Life of David Hume," &c. Forming the New Volumes of - Chapman and Hall's Series of Original Works. - - CHAPMAN & HALL, 193. Piccadilly. - - -ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. - - THE ANNUAL MEETING of the Archaeological Institute of Great Britain - and Ireland will be held this year at NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE; and will - commence on Tuesday, August 24th. - - GEORGE VULLIAMY, Secretary. - - 26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall. - - -Just published, in post 8vo., price 2_s._ 6_d._ cloth, the First Series -of - - NOTES, THOUGHTS, AND INQUIRIES. By CHARLES CHALMERS. Part I. Notes - on Social Economy, in order to a right and permanent adjustment - between the Population and the Food of the Population. Part II. - Thoughts and Inquiries bearing directly or indirectly on Man's - Social Well-being. - - JOHN CHURCHILL, Princes Street, Soho. - - - - -Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New -Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and -published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. -Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet -Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 22, 1852. - - - - - [Transcriber's Note: List of volumes and content pages in "Notes - and Queries", Vol. I.-V.] - - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | - | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | - | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | - | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | - | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | - | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | - | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | - | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | - | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | - | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | - | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | - | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | - | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | - | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | - | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | - | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | - | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | - | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | - | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | - | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | - | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | - | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | - | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | - | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | - +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | - | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | - | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | - | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | - | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | - | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | - | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | - | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | - | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | - | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | - | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | - | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | - | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | - | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | - | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | - | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | - | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | - | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | - | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | - | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | - | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | - | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | - | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | - | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | - | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | - +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | - | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | - | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | - | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | - | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | - | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | - | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | - | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | - | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | - | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | - | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | - | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | - | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | - | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | - | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | - | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | - | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | - | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | - | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | - | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | - | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | - +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | - | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | - | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | - | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | - | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | - | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | - | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | - | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | - | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | - | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | - | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | - | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | - | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | - | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | - | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | - | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | - | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | - | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec. 6, 1851 | 433-460 | PG # 39338 | - | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851 | 465-478 | PG # 39393 | - | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851 | 481-494 | PG # 39438 | - | Vol. IV No. 113 | Dec. 27, 1851 | 497-510 | PG # 39503 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Notes and Queries Vol. V. | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 114 | January 3, 1852 | 1- 18 | PG # 40171 | - | Vol. V No. 115 | January 10, 1852 | 25- 45 | PG # 40582 | - | Vol. V No. 116 | January 17, 1852 | 49- 70 | PG # 40642 | - | Vol. V No. 117 | January 24, 1852 | 73- 94 | PG # 40678 | - | Vol. V No. 118 | January 31, 1852 | 97-118 | PG # 40716 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 119 | February 7, 1852 | 121-142 | PG # 40742 | - | Vol. V No. 120 | February 14, 1852 | 145-167 | PG # 40743 | - | Vol. V No. 121 | February 21, 1852 | 170-191 | PG # 40773 | - | Vol. V No. 122 | February 28, 1852 | 193-215 | PG # 40779 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 123 | March 6, 1852 | 217-239 | PG # 40804 | - | Vol. V No. 124 | March 13, 1852 | 241-263 | PG # 40843 | - | Vol. V No. 125 | March 20, 1852 | 265-287 | PG # 40910 | - | Vol. V No. 126 | March 27, 1852 | 289-310 | PG # 40987 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 127 | April 3, 1852 | 313-335 | PG # 41138 | - | Vol. V No. 128 | April 10, 1852 | 337-358 | PG # 41171 | - | Vol. V No. 129 | April 17, 1852 | 361-383 | PG # 41205 | - | Vol. V No. 130 | April 24, 1852 | 385-407 | PG #41254 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol. V No. 131 | May 1, 1852 | 409-431 | PG # 41295 | - | Vol. V No. 132 | May 8, 1852 | 433-455 | PG # 41419 | - | Vol. V No. 133 | May 15, 1852 | 457-479 | PG # 41465 | - +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ - | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | - | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | - | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | - | INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851 | PG # 40166 | - +------------------------------------------------+------------+ - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 134, -May 22, 1852, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTE AND QUERIES, MAY 22, 1852 *** - -***** This file should be named 41476.txt or 41476.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/4/7/41476/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project -Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you -charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you -do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the -rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose -such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and -research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do -practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is -subject to the trademark license, especially commercial -redistribution. - - - -*** START: FULL LICENSE *** - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project -Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at - www.gutenberg.org/license. - - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy -all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. -If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the -terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or -entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement -and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" -or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the -collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an -individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are -located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from -copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative -works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg -are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project -Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by -freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of -this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with -the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by -keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project -Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in -a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check -the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement -before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or -creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project -Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning -the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United -States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate -access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently -whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, -copied or distributed: - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived -from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is -posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied -and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees -or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work -with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the -work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 -through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the -Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or -1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional -terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked -to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the -permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any -word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or -distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than -"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version -posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), -you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a -copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon -request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other -form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided -that - -- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is - owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he - has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the - Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments - must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you - prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax - returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and - sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the - address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to - the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - -- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or - destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium - and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of - Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any - money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days - of receipt of the work. - -- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set -forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from -both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael -Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the -Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm -collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain -"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or -corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual -property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a -computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by -your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with -your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with -the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a -refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity -providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to -receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy -is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further -opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER -WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO -WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. -If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the -law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be -interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by -the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any -provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance -with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, -promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, -harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, -that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do -or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm -work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any -Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. - - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers -including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists -because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from -people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. -To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 -and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive -Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent -permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. -Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered -throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 -North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email -contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the -Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To -SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any -particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. -To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm -concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared -with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project -Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. -unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily -keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: - - www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |