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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/39452-8.txt b/39452-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6ffd99 --- /dev/null +++ b/39452-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11108 @@ +Project Gutenberg's The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan, by John Bunyan + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan + +Author: John Bunyan + +Editor: Jesse Lyman Hurlbut + +Release Date: April 14, 2012 [EBook #39452] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS *** + + + + +Produced by Julia Neufeld and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: + +Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). +Small capital text has been replaced with all capitals. + + +[Illustration: Christian Confides in His Wife. + See page 13] + + + + + THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS + + BY JOHN BUNYAN + + EVERY CHILD CAN READ + + EDITED BY REV. JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT, D.D. + + ILLUSTRATED + + EVERY CHILD'S LIBRARY + + THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO. PHILADELPHIA COPYRIGHT, 1909, BY THE JOHN C. + WINSTON CO. + + + + +PREFACE + + +It may seem a very bold undertaking to change even a word of the book +which, next to the Bible, has been read by more people, old and young, +than any other book in the English language. + +But, it must be remembered that, although the Pilgrim's Progress has +come to be a children's book, and is read more often by young people +than by those who are older, it was not in the purpose of John Bunyan to +write a book for children or even for the young. + +The Pilgrim's Progress was a book for men and women; and it was aimed to +teach the great truths of the gospel. Hence while most of it is written +in a simple style,--as all books should be written,--it contains much +that a child cannot understand; not often in the story, but in the +conversations and discussions between the different persons. Some of +these conversations are in reality short sermons on doctrines and +teachings which Bunyan believed to be of great importance. But these are +beyond the minds of children and give them great trouble when the book +is read. They do not like to have them left out of the reading, thinking +that they may lose something interesting. Many a young person has +stumbled through the dull, doctrinal parts of the book, without +understanding them; and even grown people find them in our time somewhat +of a blemish upon the wonderful story, valuable as they were supposed to +be in Bunyan's own time. + +For many years it has been in my mind, not to re-write the Pilgrim's +Progress, for that would destroy its greatest charm, but to change the +words here and there to simpler ones, and to omit all the conversations +and arguments concerning subjects belonging to the field of doctrine; in +other words to place the story of the Pilgrim's Progress in such a form +that every child ten years old can understand it. My purpose is to make +it plain and interesting to children, leaving the older form of the book +to be read by them when they become older. + +Perhaps a short account of Bunyan's own life may add to the interest of +his book. John Bunyan was born in 1628 at Elstow, a small village near +Bedford, which is in the heart of England. His father was a poor man, +traveling on foot from place to place mending pots and pans and the +simple furniture of country kitchens, and the son followed the same +trade, and was known as a "tinker." He tells us that he lived a wild +life, and was especially known as one of the worst swearers in the +region. + +When the great Civil War broke out in England, in 1642, between King +Charles the First and the Parliament, Bunyan became a soldier on the +side of the Commonwealth, as the party against the king was called. He +served in the army between 1644 and 1646. + +In 1648, at the age of twenty years, he married a good young woman, who +led him to prayer and to a new life. But it was hard for one who had led +such a life as his had been to turn to God, and it cost the young man a +great struggle. It seemed to him that his past sins were like a load +upon his back, just as he afterward wrote of his "pilgrim," and it was +long before he found peace. + +He became a member of a little Baptist society, and soon began to +preach. Crowds came to hear him, drawn by his earnest spirit and his +quaint striking manner. But when Charles the Second became king, no +religious services were allowed except those of the Church of England, +and all other meetings were forbidden. Bunyan however went on preaching, +until he was sent to prison in Bedford. In Bedford jail he stayed twelve +years. To find a means of living in jail, he made lace, and sold it as a +support for himself and his blind daughter. + +If the prison was hard for Bunyan his sufferings were made a blessing to +untold millions, for while in Bedford jail he wrote the Pilgrim's +Progress. This story was intended to be a parable, like many of our +Saviour's teachings; that is, it put into the form of a story the life +of one who turns from sin, finds salvation through Christ, and in the +face of many difficulties makes his way through this world to heaven. +Even a child who reads or listens to the book will see this meaning in +part; and he will understand it better as he grows older. + +In 1672 Bunyan was set free, and allowed to begin again his work as a +Baptist minister, and he soon became one of the most popular preachers +in all England. He died quite suddenly in 1688, when he was sixty years +old, and is buried in an old graveyard now near the center of London, +called Bunhill Fields Burial-ground. In the same ground is buried +another great writer, Daniel DeFoe, whose story of "Robinson Crusoe" +ranks next to the Pilgrim's Progress in the number of its readers; also +Isaac Watts, the author of many hymns sung in all the churches, and Mrs. +Susanna Wesley, the mother of the great John Wesley. Four people who +have left a deep mark upon the world, all lie near together in this +small cemetery in London. + +Every child should read the Pilgrim's Progress as a story if no more +than a story; should read it until he knows it by heart. And the older +he grows the deeper will be the meaning that he will see in it. + + JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. + + + + +LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. + + + CHRISTIAN CONFIDES IN HIS WIFE _Frontispiece_ + + PAGE + EVANGELIST POINTS TO WICKET-GATE 15 + + CHRISTIAN BEFORE THE CROSS 50 + + CHRISTIAN AND FAITHFUL JOIN COMPANY 89 + + HOPEFUL AND CHRISTIAN 129 + + ATHEIST LAUGHING AT CHRISTIAN AND HOPEFUL 170 + + CHRISTIANA'S BOYS BEGAN TO EAT 231 + + TURN-AWAY RESISTING EVANGELIST 357 + + + + +THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS + + +PART I + + + + +CHAPTER I. + + +As I walked through the wilderness of this world, I lighted on a certain +place where was a den,[1] and laid me down in that place to sleep; and +as I slept, I dreamed a dream. I dreamed, and behold, I saw a man +clothed with rags, standing in a certain place, with his face from his +own house, a book in his hand, and a great burden upon his back. I +looked, and saw him open the book, and read therein; and as he read, he +wept and trembled; and, not being able longer to contain, he brake out +with a lamentable cry, saying, "What shall I do?" + + [1] Bedford jail, in which Bunyan was twelve years a prisoner. + +In this plight, therefore, he went home, and restrained himself as long +as he could, that his wife and children should not perceive his +distress; but he could not be silent long, because that his trouble +increased. Wherefore at length he brake his mind to his wife and +children; and thus he began to talk to them: "Oh my dear wife," said he, +"and you my sweet children, I, your dear friend, am in myself undone by +reason of a burden that lieth hard upon me; moreover, I am told to a +certainty that this our city will be burned with fire from heaven; in +which fearful overthrow, both myself, with thee, my wife, and you, my +sweet babes, shall miserably come to ruin, except some way of escape +can be found whereby we may be delivered." At this all his family were +sore amazed; not for that they believed that what he had said to them +was true, but because they thought that some frenzy or madness had got +into his head; therefore, it drawing towards night, and they hoping that +sleep might settle his brain, with all haste they got him to bed. But +the night was as troublesome to him as the day; wherefore, instead of +sleeping, he spent it in sighs and tears. So when the morning was come, +they would know how he did. He told them, Worse and worse: he also set +to talking to them again; but they began to be hardened. They also +thought to drive away his madness by harsh and surly treatment of him: +sometimes they would ridicule, sometimes they would chide, and sometimes +they would quite neglect him. Wherefore he began to retire himself to +his chamber, to pray for and pity them, and also to sorrow over his own +misery; he would also walk solitary in the fields, sometimes reading, +and sometimes praying; and thus for some days he spent his time. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN'S DISTRESS OF MIND] + +Now, I saw, upon a time, when he was walking in the fields, that he was +(as he was wont) reading in his book, and greatly distressed in his +mind; and as he read, he burst out as he had done before, crying, "What +shall I do to be saved?" + +I saw also that he looked this way and that way, as if he would run; yet +he stood still, because (as I perceived) he could not tell which way to +go. I looked then, and saw a man named Evangelist coming to him, who +asked, "Wherefore dost thou cry?" + +[Illustration: Evangelist Points to Wicket-Gate. + Page 15] + +He answered, "Sir, I read in the book in my hand, that I am condemned to +die, and after that to come to judgment; and I find that I am not +willing to do the first, nor able to do the second." + +Then said Evangelist, "Why not willing to die, since this life is +troubled with so many evils?" The man answered, "Because I fear that +this burden that is upon my back will sink me lower than the grave, and +I shall fall into Tophet.[2] And, sir, if I be not fit to go to prison, +I am not fit to go to judgment, and from thence to death; and the +thoughts of these things make me cry." + + [2] Tophet here means hell. + +Then said Evangelist, "If this be thy condition, why standest thou +still?" + +He answered, "Because I know not whither to go." Then he gave him a +parchment roll, and there was written within, "Flee from the wrath to +come." + +The man, therefore, read it, and looking upon Evangelist very carefully, +said, "Whither must I fly?" Then said Evangelist (pointing with his +finger over a very wide field), "Do you see yonder wicket-gate?" The man +said, "No." Then said the other, "Do you see yonder shining light?" He +said, "I think I do." Then said Evangelist, "Keep that light in your +eye, and go up directly thereto; so shalt thou see the gate; at which, +when thou knockest, it shall be told thee what thou shalt do." So I saw +in my dream that the man began to run. Now, he had not run far from his +own door, when his wife and children perceiving it, began to cry after +him to return; but the man put his fingers in his ears, and ran on, +crying, "Life! life! eternal life!" So he looked not behind him, but +fled towards the middle of the plain. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN FLEES FROM THE CITY] + +The neighbors also came out to see him run; and as he ran, some mocked, +others threatened, and some cried after him to return; and among those +that did so there were two that resolved to fetch him back by force. The +name of the one was Obstinate, and the name of the other Pliable. Now, +by this time the man was got a good distance from them; but, however, +they were resolved to pursue him, which they did, and in a little time +they overtook him. Then said the man, "Neighbors, wherefore are ye +come?" They said, "To persuade you to go back with us." But he said, +"That can by no means be: you dwell," said he, "in the City of +Destruction, the place also where I was born: I see it to be so; and, +dying there, sooner or later, you will sink lower than the grave, into a +place that burns with fire and brimstone. Be content, good neighbors, +and go along with me." + +OBST. "What!" said Obstinate, "and leave our friends and comforts behind +us?" + +CHRIS. "Yes," said Christian (for that was his name), "because that all +which you forsake is not worthy to be compared with a little of that I +am seeking to enjoy; and if you would go along with me, and hold it, you +shall fare as I myself; for there, where I go, is enough and to spare. +Come away, and prove my words." + +OBST. What are the things you seek, since you leave all the world to +find them? + +CHRIS. I seek a place that can never be destroyed, one that is pure, and +that fadeth not away, and it is laid up in heaven, and safe there, to be +given, at the time appointed, to them that seek it with all their heart. +Read it so, if you will, in my book. + +OBST. "Tush!" said Obstinate, "away with your book; will you go back +with us or no?" + +CHRIS. "No, not I," said the other, "because I have put my hand to the +plough." + +[Sidenote: DISCOURSES WITH PLIABLE] + +OBST. Come, then, neighbor Pliable, let us turn again, and go home +without him: there is a company of these crazy-headed fools, that, when +they take a fancy by the end, are wiser in their own eyes than seven men +that can render a reason. + +PLI. Then said Pliable, "Don't revile; if what the good Christian says +is true, the things he looks after are better than ours; my heart +inclines to go with my neighbor." + +OBST. What! more fools still? Be ruled by me, and go back; who knows +whither such a brain-sick fellow will lead you? Go back, go back, and be +wise. + +CHRIS. Nay, but do thou come with thy neighbor Pliable; there are such +things to be had which I spoke of, and many more glories besides. If you +believe not me, read here in this book; and for the truth of what is +told therein, behold, all is made by the blood of Him that made it. + +PLI. "Well, neighbor Obstinate," said Pliable, "I begin to come to a +point; I intend to go along with this good man, and to cast in my lot +with him. But, my good companion, do you know the way to this desired +place?" + +CHRIS. I am directed by a man, whose name is Evangelist, to speed me to +a little gate that is before us, where we shall receive directions about +the way. + +PLI. Come, then, good neighbor, let us be going. Then they went both +together. + +"And I will go back to my place," said Obstinate; "I will be no +companion of such misled, fantastical fellows." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that, when Obstinate was gone back, Christian +and Pliable went talking over the plain; and thus they began: + +CHRIS. Come, neighbor Pliable, how do you do? I am glad you are +persuaded to go along with me. Had even Obstinate himself but felt what +I have felt of the powers and terrors of what is yet unseen, he would +not thus lightly have given us the back. + +PLI. Come, neighbor Christian, since there are none but us two here, +tell me now further what the things are, and how to be enjoyed, whither +we are going. + +CHRIS. I can better understand them with my mind than speak of them with +my tongue; but yet, since you are desirous to know, I will read of them +in my book. + +PLI. And do you think that the words of your book are certainly true? + +CHRIS. Yes, verily; for it was made by Him that cannot lie. + +PLI. Well said; what things are they? + +CHRIS. There is an endless kingdom to be enjoyed, and everlasting life +to be given us, that we may live in that kingdom forever. + +PLI. Well said; and what else? + +CHRIS. There are crowns of glory to be given us, and garments that will +make us shine like the sun in the sky. + +PLI. This is very pleasant; and what else? + +CHRIS. There shall be no more crying, nor sorrow; for he that is owner +of the place will wipe all tears from our eyes. + +PLI. And what company shall we have there? + +CHRIS. There we shall be with seraphims and cherubims, creatures that +shall dazzle your eyes to look on them. There also you shall meet with +thousands and ten thousands that have gone before us to that place; none +of them are hurtful, but all loving and holy; every one walking in the +sight of God, and standing in His presence with acceptance for ever. In +a word, there we shall see the elders with their golden crowns; there we +shall see the holy women with their golden harps; there we shall see +men that by the world were cut in pieces, burnt in flames, eaten of +beasts, drowned in the seas, for the love they bear to the Lord of the +place, all well, and clothed with everlasting life as with a garment. + +PLI. The hearing of this is enough to delight one's heart. But are these +things to be enjoyed? How shall we get to be sharers thereof? + +CHRIS. The Lord, the Governor of the country, hath written that in this +book; the substance of which is, If we be truly willing to have it, He +will bestow it upon us freely. + +PLI. Well, my good companion, glad am I to hear of these things; come +on, let us mend our pace. + +CHRIS. I cannot go so fast as I would, by reason of this burden that is +on my back. + +[Sidenote: THE SLOUGH OF DESPOND] + +Now, I saw in my dream, that just as they had ended this talk, they drew +nigh to a very miry slough or swamp, that was in the midst of the plain; +and they, being heedless, did both fall suddenly into the bog. The name +of the slough was Despond. Here, therefore, they wallowed for a time, +being grievously bedaubed with the dirt; and Christian, because of the +burden that was on his back, began to sink into the mire. + +PLI. Then said Pliable, "Ah! neighbor Christian where are you now?" + +CHRIS. "Truly," said Christian, "I do not know." + +PLI. At this Pliable began to be offended, and angrily said to his +fellow, "Is this the happiness you have told me all this while of? If we +have such ill speed at our first setting out, what may we expect between +this and our journey's end? May I get out again with my life, you shall +possess the brave country alone for me." And with that, he gave a +desperate struggle or two, and got out of the mire on that side of the +swamp which was next to his own house: so away he went, and Christian +saw him no more. + +Wherefore Christian was left to tumble in the Slough of Despond alone; +but still he tried to struggle to that side of the slough which was +farthest from his own house, and next to the wicket-gate; the which, he +did but could not get out because of the burden that was upon his back; +but I beheld in my dream, that a man came to him whose name was Help, +and asked him, What he did there? + +CHRIS. "Sir," said Christian, "I was bid to go this way by a man called +Evangelist, who directed me also to yonder gate, that I might escape the +wrath to come; and as I was going there I fell in here." + +HELP. But why did you not look for the steps? + +CHRIS. Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the next way and fell in. + +HELP. Then said he, "Give me thine hand." So he gave him his hand, and +he drew him out, and set him upon solid ground, and bade him go on his +way. + +Then I stepped to him that plucked him out, and said, "Sir, wherefore, +since over this place is the way from the City of Destruction to yonder +gate, is it that this place is not mended, that poor travelers might go +thither with more safety?" And he said unto me, "This miry slough is +such a place as cannot be mended; it is the hollow whither the scum and +filth that go with the feeling of sin, do continually run, and therefore +it is called the Slough of Despond; for still, as the sinner is awakened +by his lost condition, there arise in his soul many fears, and doubts, +and discouraging alarms, which all of them get together and settle in +this place; and this is the reason of the badness of the ground. + +"It is not the pleasure of the King that this place should remain so +bad. His laborers also have, by the direction of His Majesty's +surveyors, been for about these sixteen hundred years employed about +this patch of ground, if perhaps it might have been mended; yea, and to +my knowledge," said he, "here have been swallowed up at least twenty +thousand cart-loads, yea, millions, of wholesome teachings, that have at +all seasons been brought from all places of the King's dominions (and +they that can tell say they are the best materials to make good ground +of the place), if so be it might have been mended; but it is the Slough +of Despond still, and so will be when they have done what they can. + +"True, there are, by the direction of the Lawgiver, certain good and +substantial steps, placed even through the very midst of this slough; +but at such time as this place doth much spew out its filth, as it doth +against change of weather, these steps are hardly seen; or, if they be, +men, through the dizziness of their heads, step aside, and then they are +bemired to purpose, notwithstanding the steps be there; but the ground +is good when they are got in at the gate." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that by this time Pliable was got home to his +house. So his neighbors came to visit him; and some of them called him +wise man for coming back, and some called him a fool for risking himself +with Christian; others again did mock at his cowardliness, saying +"Surely since you began to venture, I would not have been so base to +have given out for a few difficulties;" so Pliable sat sneaking among +them. But at last he got more confidence; and then they all turned their +tales, and began to abuse poor Christian behind his back. And thus much +concerning Pliable. + +[Sidenote: WORLDLY WISEMAN'S COUNSEL] + +Now, as Christian was walking solitary by himself, he espied one afar +off come crossing over the field to meet him; and their hap was to meet +just as they were crossing the way of each other. The gentleman's name +that met him was Mr. Worldly Wiseman: he dwelt in the town of Carnal +Policy, a very great town, and also hard by from whence Christian came. +This man, then, meeting with Christian, and having heard about +him--(for Christian's setting forth from the City of Destruction was +much noised abroad, not only in the town where he dwelt, but also it +began to be the town-talk in some other places)--Mr. Worldly Wiseman +therefore, having some guess of him, by beholding his laborious going, +by noticing his sighs and groans, and the like, began thus to enter into +some talk with Christian: + +WORLD. How now, good fellow! whither away after this burdened manner? + +CHRIS. A burdened manner indeed, as ever I think poor creature had! And +whereas you ask me, Whither away? I tell you, sir, I am going to yonder +wicket-gate before me; for there, as I am informed, I shall be put into +a way to be rid of my heavy burden. + +WORLD. Hast thou a wife and children? + +CHRIS. Yes; but I am so laden with this burden, that I cannot take that +pleasure in them as formerly; methinks I am as if I had none. + +WORLD. Wilt thou hearken to me, if I give thee counsel? + +CHRIS. If it be _good_, I will; for I stand in need of good counsel. + +WORLD. I would advise thee, then, that thou with all speed get thyself +rid of thy burden; for thou wilt never be settled in thy mind till then; +nor canst thou enjoy the blessings which God hath bestowed upon thee +till then. + +CHRIS. That is that which I seek for, even to be rid of this heavy +burden; but get it off myself I cannot; nor is there any man in our +country that can take it off my shoulders; therefore am I going this +way, as I told you, that I may be rid of my burden. + +WORLD. Who bid thee go this way to be rid of thy burden? + +CHRIS. A man that appeared to me to be a very great and honorable +person; his name, as I remember, is Evangelist. + +WORLD. I curse him for his counsel! there is not a more dangerous and +troublesome way in the world than is that into which he hath directed +thee; and that thou shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled by his advice. +Thou hast met with something, as I perceive, already; for I see the dirt +of the Slough of Despond is upon thee; but that slough is the beginning +of the sorrows that do attend those that go on in that way. Hear me: I +am older than thou: thou art like to meet with, in the way which thou +goest, wearisomeness, painfulness, hunger, perils, nakedness, sword, +lions, dragons, darkness, and, in a word, death, and what not. These +things are certainly true, having been proved by the words of many +people. And why should a man so carelessly cast away himself, by giving +heed to a stranger? + +CHRIS. Why, sir, this burden upon my back is more terrible to me than +all these things which you have mentioned; nay, methinks I care not what +I meet with in the way, if so be I can also meet with deliverance from +my burden. + +WORLD. How camest thou by the burden at first? + +CHRIS. By reading this book in my hand. + +WORLD. I thought so. And it has happened unto thee as unto other weak +men, who, meddling with things too high for them, do suddenly fall into +thy crazy thoughts, which thoughts do not only unman men, as thine I +perceive have done thee, but they run them upon desperate efforts to +obtain they know not what. + +CHRIS. I know what I would obtain; it is ease for my heavy burden. + +WORLD. But why wilt thou seek for ease this way, seeing so many dangers +attend it? Especially since (hadst thou but patience to hear me,) I +could direct thee to the getting of what thou desirest, without the +dangers that thou in this way wilt run thyself into. Yea, and the remedy +is at hand. Besides, I will add that, instead of those dangers, thou +shalt meet with much safety, friendship, and content. + +CHRIS. Sir, I pray, open this secret to me. + +WORLD. Why, in yonder village (the village is named Morality), there +dwells a gentleman whose name is Legality, a very wise man, and a man of +very good name, that has skill to help men off with such burdens as +thine is from their shoulders; yea, to my knowledge he hath done a great +deal of good this way; aye, and besides, he hath skill to cure those +that are somewhat crazed in their wits with their burdens. To him, as I +said, thou mayest go, and be helped presently. His house is not quite a +mile from this place; and if he should not be at home himself, he hath a +pretty young man as his son, whose name is Civility, that can do it (to +speak on) as well as the old gentleman himself. There, I say, thou +mayest be eased of thy burden; and if thou art not minded to go back to +thy former habitation (as indeed I would not wish thee), thou mayest +send for thy wife and children to thee in this village, where there are +houses now standing empty, one of which thou mayest have at a reasonable +rate; provision is there also cheap and good; and that which will make +thy life the more happy is, to be sure there thou shalt live by honest +neighbors, in credit and good fashion. + +Now was Christian somewhat at a stand; but presently he concluded, "If +this be true which this gentleman hath said, my wisest course is to take +his advice;" and with that, he thus further spake: + +CHRIS. Sir, which is my way to this honest man's house? + +WORLD. Do you see yonder high hill? + +CHRIS. Yes, very well. + +WORLD. By that hill you must go, and the first house you come at is his. + +[Sidenote: EVANGELIST AND CHRISTIAN.] + +So Christian turned out of his way to go to Mr. Legality's house for +help; but, behold, when he was got now hard by the hill, it seemed so +high, and also that side of it that was next the wayside did hang so +much over, that Christian was afraid to venture farther, lest the hill +should fall on his head; wherefore there he stood still, and knew not +what to do. Also his burden now seemed heavier to him than while he was +in his way. There came also flashes of fire out of the hill, that made +Christian afraid that he should be burnt: here, therefore, he sweat and +did quake for fear. And now he began to be sorry that he had taken Mr. +Worldly Wiseman's counsel; and with that, he saw Evangelist coming to +meet him, at the sight also of whom he began to blush for shame. So +Evangelist drew nearer and nearer; and, coming up to him, he looked upon +him with a severe and dreadful countenance, and thus began to reason +with Christian: + +EVAN. "What dost thou here, Christian?" said he; at which words +Christian knew not what to answer; wherefore at present he stood +speechless before him. Then said Evangelist further, "Art thou not the +man that I found crying, without the walls of the City of Destruction?" + +CHRIS. Yes, dear sir, I am the man. + +EVAN. Did not I direct thee the way to the little wicket-gate? + +CHRIS. "Yes, dear sir," said Christian. + +EVAN. How is it, then, that thou art so quickly turned aside? For thou +art now out of the way. + +CHRIS. I met with a gentleman as soon as I had got over the Slough of +Despond, who persuaded me that I might, in the village before me, find a +man that could take off my burden. + +EVAN. What was he? + +CHRIS. He looked like a gentleman, and talked much to me, and got me at +last to yield: so I came hither, but when I beheld this hill, and how it +hangs over the way, I suddenly made a stand, lest it should fall on my +head. + +EVAN. What said that gentleman to you? + +CHRIS. Why, he asked me whither I was going, and I told him. + +EVAN. And what said he then? + +CHRIS. He asked me if I had a family, and I told him. But, said I, I am +so laden with the burden that is on my back, that I cannot take pleasure +in them as formerly. + +EVAN. And what said he then? + +CHRIS. He bid me with speed get rid of my burden; and I told him it was +ease that I sought. And, said I, I am therefore going to yonder gate to +receive further direction how I may get to the place of deliverance. So +he said that he would show me a better way, and short, not so hard as +the way, sir, that you sent me in; which way, said he, will direct you +to a gentleman's house that hath skill to take off these burdens. So I +believed him, and turned out of that way into this, if haply I might +soon be eased of my burden. But, when I came to this place, and beheld +things as they are, I stopped for fear (as I said) of danger; but I now +know not what to do. + +EVAN. Then said Evangelist, "Stand still a little, that I may show thee +the words of God." So he stood trembling. Then said Evangelist, "God +says in his book, 'See that ye refuse not him that speaketh; for if they +escaped not who refused him that spake on earth, much more shall not we +escape, if we turn away from Him that speaketh from heaven.' He said, +moreover, 'Now, the righteous man shall live by faith in God, but if any +man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him.'" He also did +thus apply them: "Thou art the man that art running into misery; thou +hast begun to reject the counsel of the Most High, and to draw back thy +foot from the way of peace, even almost to the danger of thy everlasting +ruin." + +Then Christian fell down at his feet as dead, crying, "Woe is me, for I +am undone!" At the sight of which Evangelist caught him by the right +hand, saying, "All manner of sin and evil words shall be forgiven unto +men." "Be not faithless, but believing." Then did Christian again a +little revive, and stood up trembling, as at first, before Evangelist. + +Then Evangelist proceeded, saying, "Give more earnest heed to the things +that I shall tell thee of. I will now show thee who it was that led thee +astray, and who it was also to whom he sent thee. That man that met thee +is one Worldly Wiseman; and rightly is he so called; partly because he +seeks only for the things of this world (therefore he always goes to the +town of Morality to church), and partly because he loveth that way best, +for it saveth him from the Cross; and because he is of this evil +temper, therefore he seeketh to turn you from my way though it is the +right way. + +"He to whom thou wast sent for ease, being by name Legality, is not able +to set thee free from thy burden. No man was as yet ever rid of his +burden by him; no, nor ever is like to be: ye cannot be set right by any +such plan. Therefore, Mr. Worldly Wiseman is an enemy, and Mr. Legality +is a cheat; and, for his son Civility, notwithstanding his simpering +looks, he is but a fraud and cannot help thee. Believe me, there is +nothing in all this noise that thou hast heard of these wicked men, but +a design to rob thee of thy salvation, by turning thee from the way in +which I had set thee." After this, Evangelist called aloud to the +heavens for proof of what he had said; and with that there came words +and fire out of the mountain under which poor Christian stood, which +made the hair of his flesh stand up. The words were thus spoken: "As +many as are of the works of the law are under the curse." + +Now, Christian looked for nothing but death, and began to cry out +lamentably; even cursing the time in which he met with Mr. Worldly +Wiseman; still calling himself a thousand fools for listening to his +counsel. He also was greatly ashamed to think that this gentleman's +arguments should have the power with him so far as to cause him to +forsake the right way. This done, he spoke again to Evangelist, in words +and sense as follows: + +CHRIS. Sir, what think you? Is there any hope? May I now go back, and go +up to the wicket-gate? Shall I not be abandoned for this, and sent back +from thence ashamed? I am sorry I have hearkened to this man's counsel; +but may my sins be forgiven? + +EVAN. Then said Evangelist to him, "Thy sin is very great, for by it +thou hast committed two evils; thou hast forsaken the way that is good, +to tread in forbidden paths. Yet will the man at the gate receive thee, +for he has good will for men; only," said he, "take heed that thou turn +not aside again, lest thou perish from the way, when his anger is +kindled but a little." + + + + +CHAPTER II. + + +Then did Christian begin to go back to the right road; and Evangelist, +after he had kissed him, gave him one smile, and bid him God speed; so +he went on with haste, neither spake he to any man by the way; nor, if +any asked him, would he give them an answer. He went like one that was +all the while treading on forbidden ground, and could by no means think +himself safe, till again he was got in the way which he had left to +follow Mr. Worldly Wiseman's counsel: so after a time, Christian got up +to the gate. Now, over the gate there was written, "Knock, and it shall +be opened unto you." + +He knocked, therefore, more than once or twice, saying: + + "May I now enter here? Will He within + Open to sorry me, though I have been + An undeserving rebel? Then shall I + Not fail to sing His lasting praise on high." + +[Sidenote: GOODWILL OPENS THE GATE] + +At last there came a grave person to the gate named Goodwill, who asked +who was there, and whence he came, and what he would have? + +CHRIS. Here is a poor burdened sinner. I come from the City of +Destruction, but am going to Mount Zion, that I may be set free from the +wrath to come; I would therefore, sir, since I am told that by this +gate is the way thither, know, if you are willing to let me in. + +GOOD. "I am willing with all my heart," said he; and, with that, he +opened the gate. + +So, when Christian was stepping in, the other gave him a pull. Then said +Christian, "What means that?" The other told him, "A little distance +from this gate there is erected a strong castle, of which Beelzebub, the +Evil One, is the captain; from whence both he and they that are with him +shoot arrows at those that come up to this gate, if haply they may die +before they can enter in." Then said Christian, "I rejoice and tremble." +So when he was got in, the man of the gate asked him who directed him +thither. + +CHRIS. Evangelist bid me come hither and knock, as I did; and he said +that you, sir, would tell me what I must do. + +GOOD. An open door is set before thee, and no man can shut it. + +CHRIS. Now I begin to reap the benefit of the trouble which I have +taken. + +GOOD. But how is it that you came alone? + +CHRIS. Because none of my neighbors saw their danger, as I saw mine. + +GOOD. Did any of them know you were coming? + +CHRIS. Yes, my wife and children saw me at the first, and called after +me to turn again; also some of my neighbors stood crying and calling +after me to return; but I put my fingers in my ears, and so came on my +way. + +GOOD. But did none of them follow you, to persuade you to go back? + +CHRIS. Yes, both Obstinate and Pliable: but, when they saw that they +could not prevail, Obstinate went railing back, but Pliable came with me +a little way. + +GOOD. But why did he not come through? + +CHRIS. We indeed came both together until we came to the Slough of +Despond, into the which we also suddenly fell. And then was my neighbor +Pliable discouraged, and would not venture farther. Wherefore, getting +out again on the side next his own house, he told me I should win the +brave country alone for him: so he went his way, and I came mine; he +after Obstinate, and I to this gate. + +GOOD. Then said Goodwill, "Alas, poor man! is the heavenly glory of so +little worth with him, that he counteth it not worth running the risk of +a few difficulties to obtain it?" + +CHRIS. "Truly," said Christian, "I have said the truth of Pliable; and +if I should also say the truth of myself, it will appear there is not +betterment betwixt him and myself. 'Tis true, he went on back to his own +house; but I also turned aside to go into the way of death, being +persuaded thereto by the words of one Mr. Worldly Wiseman." + +GOOD. Oh! did he light upon you? What! he would have had you seek for +ease at the hands of Mr. Legality! They are both of them a very cheat. +But did you take his counsel? + +CHRIS. Yes, as far as I durst. I went to find out Mr. Legality, until I +thought that the mountain that stands by his house would have fallen +upon my head: wherefore there I was forced to stop. + +GOOD. That mountain has been the death of many, and will be the death of +many more; it is well you escaped being by it dashed in pieces. + +CHRIS. Why, truly, I do not know what had become of me there, had not +Evangelist happily met me again as I was musing in the midst of my +dumps; but it was God's mercy that he came to me again, for else I had +never come hither. But now I am come, such a one as I am, more fit +indeed for death by that mountain, than thus to stand talking with my +Lord. But, oh! what a favor this is to me, that yet I am to enter here! + +GOOD. We make no objections against any, notwithstanding all that they +have done before they come hither; they in no wise are cast out. And +therefore, good Christian, come a little with me, and I will teach thee +about the way thou must go. Look before thee: dost thou see this narrow +way? That is the way thou must go. It was cast up by the men of old, +prophets, Christ and His apostles, and it is as straight as a rule can +make it: this is the way thou must go. + +CHRIS. "But," said Christian, "are there no turnings nor windings by +which a stranger may lose his way?" + +GOOD. "Yes, there are many ways butt down upon this, and they are +crooked and wide; but thus thou mayest distinguish the right from the +wrong, the right only being straight and narrow." + +Then I saw in my dream, that Christian asked him further if he could not +help him off with his burden that was upon his back. For as yet he had +not got rid thereof, nor could he by any means get it off without help. + +He told him, "As to thy burden, be content to bear it until thou comest +to the place of deliverance; for there it will fall from thy back of +itself." + +Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to turn again to his +journey. + +So the other told him that as soon as he was gone some distance from the +gate, he would come at the house of the Interpreter, at whose door he +should knock, and he would show him excellent things. Then Christian +took his leave of his friend, and he again bid him God speed. + +[Sidenote: House of the Interpreter] + +Then he went on till he came to the house of the Interpreter, where he +knocked over and over. At last one came to the door, and asked who was +there. + +CHRIS. Sir, here is a traveler who was bid by a friend of the good man +of this house to call here for his benefit; I would therefore speak with +the master of the house. + +So he called for the master of the house, who, after a little time, came +to Christian, and asked him what he would have. + +CHRIS. "Sir," said Christian, "I am a man that am come from the City of +Destruction, and am going to Mount Zion; and I was told by the man that +stands at the gate at the head of this way, that, if I called here, you +would show me excellent things, such as would be helpful to me on my +journey." + +INTER. Then said the Interpreter, "Come in; I will show thee that which +will be profitable to thee." So he commanded his man to light the +candle, and bid Christian follow him; so he led him into a private room, +and bid his man open a door; the which when he had done, Christian saw +the picture of a very grave person hung up against the wall; and this +was the fashion of it: it had eyes lifted up to heaven, the best of +books in its hand, the law of truth was written upon its lips, the world +was behind its back; it stood as if it pleaded with men, and a crown of +gold did hang over its head. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What meaneth this?" + +INTER. The man whose picture this is, is one of a thousand. He can say, +in the words of the apostle Paul, "Though ye have ten thousand teachers +in Christ, yet have you not many fathers; for in Christ Jesus I have +been your father through the Gospel." And whereas thou seest him with +his eyes lifted up to heaven, the best of books in his hand, and the law +of truth writ on his lips, it is to show thee that his work is to know +and unfold dark things to sinners; even as also thou seest him stand as +if he pleaded with men. And whereas thou seest the world is cast behind +him, and that a crown hangs over his head; that is to show thee that, +slighting and despising the things that are in the world, for the love +that he hath to his Master's service, he is sure in the world that comes +next to have glory for his reward. Now, said the Interpreter, I have +showed thee this picture first, because the man whose picture this is, +is the only man whom the Lord of the place whither thou art going hath +chosen to be thy guide, in all difficult places thou mayest meet with in +thy way; wherefore take good heed to what I have showed thee, and bear +well in thy mind what thou hast seen, lest in thy journey thou meet with +some that pretend to lead thee right, but their way goes down to death. + +Then he took him by the hand, and led him into a very large parlor, that +was full of dust, because never swept; the which after he had looked at +it a little while, the Interpreter called for a man to sweep. Now, when +he began to sweep, the dust began so abundantly to fly about that +Christian had almost therewith been choked. Then said the Interpreter to +a girl that stood by, "Bring hither water, and sprinkle the room;" the +which when she had done, it was swept and cleansed with ease. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What means this?" + +INTER. The Interpreter answered, "This parlor is the heart of a man +that was never made pure by the sweet grace of the Gospel. The dust is +his sin, and inward evils that have defiled the whole man. He that began +to sweep at first is the law; but she that brought water, and did +sprinkle it, is the Gospel. Now, whereas thou sawest that, as soon as +the first began to sweep, the dust did fly so about that the room could +not by him be cleansed, but that thou wast almost choked therewith; this +is to show thee, that the law, instead of cleansing the heart (by its +working) from sin, doth revive, put strength into, and increase it in +the soul, even as it doth discover and forbid it, for it doth not give +power to overcome. Again, as thou sawest the girl sprinkle the room with +water, upon which it was cleansed with ease; this is to show thee, that +when the Gospel comes, in the sweet and gracious power thereof, to the +heart, then, I say, even as thou sawest the maiden lay the dust by +sprinkling the floor with water, so is sin vanquished and subdued, and +the soul made clean through the faith of it, and, consequently, fit for +the King of Glory to dwell in." + +I saw moreover in my dream, that the Interpreter took him by the hand, +and led him into a little room where sat two little children, each one +in his own chair. The name of the eldest was Passion, and the name of +the other Patience. Passion seemed to be much discontented, but Patience +was very quiet. The Christian asked, "What is the reason of the +discontent of Passion?" The Interpreter answered, "The governor of them +would have him stay for his best things till the beginning of next year; +but he will have all now. Patience is willing to wait." + +Then I saw that one came to Passion, and brought him a bag of treasure, +and poured it down at his feet; the which he took up, and rejoiced +therein, and withal laughed Patience to scorn. But I beheld but awhile, +and he had wasted all away, and had nothing left him but rags. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian to the Interpreter, "Explain this matter more +fully to me." + +INTER. So he said, "These two lads are pictures: Passion, of the men of +this world; and Patience, of the men of that which is to come: for, as +here thou seest, Passion will have all now, this year, that is to say in +this world; so are the men of this world; they must have all their good +things now; they cannot stay till the next year, that is, until the next +world, for their portion of good. That proverb, 'A bird in the hand is +worth two in the bush,' is of more weight with them than all the words +in the Bible of the good of the world to come. But, as thou sawest that +he had quickly wasted all away, and had presently left him nothing but +rags, so will it be with all such men at the end of this world." + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "Now I see that Patience has the best +wisdom, and that upon many accounts. 1. Because he stays for the best +things. 2. And also because he will have the glory of his when the +other has nothing but rags." + +INTER. Nay, you may add another; this, the glory of the next world will +never wear out; but these are suddenly gone. Therefore Passion had not +so much reason to laugh at Patience because he had his good things at +first, as Patience will have to laugh at Passion, because he had his +best things last; for first must give place to last, because last must +have his time to come; but last gives place to nothing, for there is not +another to succeed: he, therefore, that hath his portion first, must +needs have a time to spend it; but he that hath his portion last, must +have it lastingly. + +CHRIS. Then I see it is not best to covet things that are now, but to +wait for things to come. + +INTER. You say truth; "for the things that are seen soon pass away, but +the things that are not seen endure forever." + +Then I saw in my dream, that the Interpreter took Christian by the hand +and led him into a place where was a fire burning against a wall, and +one standing by it, always casting much water upon it, to quench it; yet +did the fire burn higher and hotter. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What means this?" + +INTER. The Interpreter answered, "This fire is the work of God that is +wrought in the heart: he that casts water upon it to extinguish and put +it out, is the devil; but, in that thou seest the fire notwithstanding +burn higher and hotter, thou shalt also see the reason of that." So +then he led him about to the other side of the wall, where he saw a man +with a vessel of oil in his hand, of the which he did also continually +cast, but secretly, into the fire. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What means this?" + +INTER. The Interpreter answered, "This is Christ, who continually, with +the oil of His grace, helps the work already begun in the heart; by the +means of which notwithstanding what the devil can do, the souls of His +people prove gracious still. And in that thou sawest that the man stood +behind the wall to keep up the fire; this is to teach thee, that it is +hard for the tempted to see how this work of grace is kept alive in the +soul." + +I saw also that the Interpreter took him again by the hand, and led him +into a pleasant place, where was built a stately palace, beautiful to +behold, at the sight of which Christian was greatly delighted. He saw +also upon the top thereof certain persons walking, who were clothed all +in gold. + +Then said Christian, "May we go in thither?" + +Then the Interpreter took him and led him up toward the door of the +palace; and behold, at the door stood a great company of men, as +desirous to go in, but durst not. There also sat a man at a little +distance from the door, at a table-side, with a book and his ink-horn +before him, to take the name of him that should enter therein; he saw +also that in the doorway stood many men in armor to keep it, being +resolved to do to the men that would enter what hurt and mischief they +could. Now was Christian somewhat in amaze. At last, when every man +started back for fear of the armed men, Christian saw a man of a very +stout countenance come up to the man that sat there to write, saying, +"Set down my name, sir:" the which when he had done, he saw the man draw +his sword, and put a helmet upon his head, and rush toward the door upon +the armed men, who laid upon him with deadly force; but the man, not at +all discouraged, fell to cutting and hacking most fiercely. So that, +after he had received and given many wounds to those that attempted to +keep him out, he cut his way through them all and pressed forward into +the palace; at which there was a pleasant voice heard from those that +were within, even of those that walked upon the top of the palace, +saying: + + "Come in, come in; + Eternal glory thou shalt win." + +So he went in, and was clothed in such garments as they. Then Christian +smiled, and said, "I think verily I know the meaning of this." + +"Now," said Christian, "let me go hence." "Nay, stay," said the +Interpreter, "until I have showed thee a little more; and after that +thou shalt go on thy way." So he took him by the hand again, and led him +into a very dark room, where there sat a man in an iron cage. + +Now, the man, to look on, seemed very sad. He sat with his eyes looking +down to the ground, his hands folded together; and he sighed as if he +would break his heart. Then said Christian, "What means this?" At which +the Interpreter bid him talk with the man. + +Then said Christian to the man, "What art thou?" The man answered, "I am +what I was not once." + +CHRIS. What wast thou once? + +MAN. The man said, "I was once a fair and flourishing Christian, both in +mine own eyes, and also in the eyes of others; I was once, as I thought, +fair for the Celestial City, and had even joy at the thoughts that I +should get thither." + +CHRIS. Well, but what art thou now? + +MAN. I am now a man of despair, and am shut up in it, as in this iron +cage. I cannot get out. Oh, _now_ I cannot! + +CHRIS. But how camest thou in this condition? + +MAN. I left off to watch and be sober. I gave free reins to sin; I +sinned against the light of the Word and the goodness of God; I have +grieved the Spirit, and He is gone; I tempted the devil, and he has come +to me; I have provoked God to anger, and He has left me; I have so +hardened my heart that I _cannot_ turn. + +Then said Christian to the Interpreter, "But are there no hopes for such +a man as this?" "Ask him," said the Interpreter. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "Is there no hope, but you must be kept in +the iron cage of despair?" + +MAN. No, none at all. + +CHRIS. Why? the Son of the Blessed is very pitiful. + +MAN. I have crucified Him to myself afresh. I have despised His person. +I have despised His holiness; I have counted His blood an unholy thing; +I have shown contempt to the Spirit of mercy. Therefore I have shut +myself out of all the promises of God, and there now remains to me +nothing but threatenings, dreadful threatenings, fearful threatenings of +certain judgment and fiery anger, which shall devour me as an enemy. + +CHRIS. For what did you bring yourself into this condition? + +MAN. For the desires, pleasures, and gains of this world; in the +enjoyment of which I did then promise myself much delight; but now every +one of those things also bite me, and gnaw me, like a burning worm. + +CHRIS. But canst thou not now turn again to God? + +MAN. God no longer invites me to come to Him. His Word gives me no +encouragement to believe; yea, Himself hath shut me up in this iron +cage; nor can all the men in the world let me out. O eternity! eternity! +how shall I grapple with the misery that I must meet with in eternity? + +INTER. Then said the Interpreter to Christian, "Let this man's misery be +remembered by thee, and be an everlasting caution to thee." + +[Sidenote: THE DREAM OF THE JUDGMENT] + +CHRIS. "Well," said Christian, "this is fearful! God help me to watch +and be sober, and to pray, that I may shun the cause of this man's +misery. Sir, is it not time for me to go on my way now?" + +INTER. Tarry till I show thee one thing more, and then thou shalt go on +thy way. + +So he took Christian by the hand again, and led him into a chamber, +where there was one rising out of bed; and, as he put on his clothing, +he shook and trembled. Then said Christian, "Why doth this man thus +tremble?" The Interpreter then bid him tell to Christian the reason of +his so doing. So he began, and said, "This night, as I was in my sleep, +I dreamed, and behold, the heavens grew exceeding black; also it +thundered and lightened in most fearful manner, that it put me into an +agony. So I looked up in my dream, and saw the clouds rack at an unusual +rate; upon which I heard a great sound of a trumpet, and saw also a Man +sitting upon a cloud, attended with the thousands of heaven; they were +all in flaming fire; also the heavens were in a burning flame. I heard +then a great voice saying, 'Arise, ye dead, and come to judgment.' And +with that the rocks rent, the graves opened, and the dead that were +therein came forth: some of them were exceeding glad, and looked upward; +and some thought to hide themselves under the mountains. Then I saw the +Man that sat upon the cloud open the book and bid the world draw near. +Yet there was, by reason of a fierce flame that issued out and came +before Him, a certain distance betwixt Him and them, as betwixt the +judge and the prisoners at the bar. I heard it also called out to them +that stood around on the Man that sat on the cloud, 'Gather together the +tares, the chaff, and stubble, and cast them into the burning lake. And, +with that, the bottomless pit opened, just whereabout I stood; out of +the mouth of which there came, in an abundant manner, smoke and coals of +fire, with hideous noises. It was also said to the same persons, 'Gather +my wheat into the garner.' And, with that, I saw many catched up and +carried away into the clouds; but I was left behind. I also sought to +hide myself, but I could not; for the Man that sat upon the cloud still +kept His eye upon me; my sins also came into my mind, and my conscience +did accuse me on every side. Upon this I awakened from my sleep." + +CHRIS. But what was it that made you so afraid of this sight? + +MAN. Why I thought that the day of judgment was come, and that I was not +ready for it. But this affrighted me most, that the angels gathered up +several, and left me behind; also the pit of hell opened her mouth just +where I stood. My conscience, too, troubled me; and, as I thought, the +judge had always His eye upon me, showing anger in His countenance. + +INTER. Then said the Interpreter to Christian, "Hast thou considered +these things?" + +CHRIS. Yes; and they put me in hope and fear. + +INTER. Well, keep all things so in thy mind, that they may be as a goad +in thy sides, to prick thee forward in the way thou must go. + +Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to address himself to his +journey. Then said the Interpreter, "The Comforter be always with thee, +good Christian, to guide thee into the way that leads to the city." + +So Christian went on his way, saying: + + "Here have I seen things rare and profitable; + Things pleasant, dreadful; things to make me stable + In what I have begun to take in hand: + Then let me think on them, and understand + Wherefore they showed me where; and let me be + Thankful, O good Interpreter, to thee." + + + + +CHAPTER III. + + +Now, I saw in my dream that the highway up which Christian was to go was +fenced on either side with a wall that was called Salvation. Up this +way, therefore, did burdened Christian run, but not without great +difficulty, because of the load on his back. + +He ran thus till he came to a place somewhat ascending; and upon that +place stood a Cross, and a little below, in the bottom, a tomb. So I saw +in my dream, that just as Christian came up with the cross, his burden +loosed from off his shoulders, and fell from off his back, and began to +tumble, and so continued to do till it came to the mouth of the tomb, +where it fell in, and I saw it no more. + +[Illustration: Christian Before the Cross. + Page 50] + +Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and said with a merry heart, "He +hath given me rest by His sorrow, and life by His death." Then he stood +still awhile to look and wonder; for it was very surprising to him that +the sight of the cross should thus ease him of his burden. He looked, +therefore, and looked again, even till the springs that were in his head +sent the water down his cheeks. Now, as he stood looking and weeping, +behold, three Shining Ones came to him, and saluted him with "Peace be +to thee." So the first said to him, "Thy sins be forgiven thee;" the +second stripped him of his rags, and clothed him with a change of +garments; the third also set a mark on his forehead, and gave him a roll +with a seal upon it, which he bade him look on as he ran, and that he +should give it in at the heavenly gate; so they went their way. Then +Christian gave three leaps for joy, and went on, singing: + + "Thus far did I come laden with my sin; + Nor could aught ease the grief that I was in, + Till I came hither; what a place is this! + Must here be the beginning of my bliss? + Must here the burden fall from off my back? + Must here the strings that bound it to me crack? + Blest cross! blest sepulchre! blest rather be + The Man that was there put to shame for me!" + +[Sidenote: SIMPLE, SLOTH, PRESUMPTION] + +I saw then in my dream that he went on thus, even until he came to the +bottom, where he saw, a little out of the way, three men fast asleep, +with fetters upon their heels. The name of one was Simple, of another +Sloth, and of the third Presumption. + +Christian, then, seeing them lie in this case, went to them, if perhaps +he might awake them, and cried, "You are like them that sleep on the top +of a mast; for the deep sea is under you, a gulf that hath no bottom: +awake, therefore, and come away; be willing, also, and I will help you +off with your irons." He also told them, "If he that goeth about like a +roaring lion comes by, you will certainly become a prey to his teeth." +With that they looked upon him, and began to reply in this sort: Simple +said, "I see no danger." Sloth said, "Yet a little more sleep." And +Presumption said, "Every tub must stand upon his own bottom." And so +they lay down to sleep again, and Christian went on his way. + +[Sidenote: FORMALIST AND HYPOCRISY] + +Yet was he troubled to think that men in that danger should so little +care for the kindness of him that so offered to help them, both by +awakening of them, advising them, and offering to help them off with +their irons. And, as he was troubled thereabout, he espied two men come +tumbling over the wall on the left hand of the narrow way; and they made +up apace to him. The name of one was Formalist, and the name of the +other was Hypocrisy. So, as I said, they drew up unto him, who thus +began talking with them: + +CHRIS. Gentlemen, whence came you, and whither go you? + +FORM. and HYP. We were born in the land of Vain-glory, and are going for +praise to Mount Zion. + +CHRIS. Why came you not in at the gate which standeth at the beginning +of the way? Know ye not that it is written, "He that cometh not in by +the door, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and a +robber?" + +FORM. and HYP. They said that to go to the gate for entrance was, by all +their countrymen, counted too far about; and that therefore their usual +way was to make a short cut of it, and to climb over the wall as they +had done. + +CHRIS. But will it not be counted a trespass against the Lord of the +city whither we are bound, thus to disobey His will? + +FORM. and HYP. They told him, that as for that, he needed not trouble +his head thereabout; for what they did they had custom for, and could +show, if need were, testimony that could prove it for more than a +thousand years. + +CHRIS. "But," said Christian, "will it stand a trial at law?" + +FORM. and HYP. They told him that custom, it being of so long standing +as above a thousand years, would doubtless now be admitted as a thing +according to law by a fair judge. "And besides," said they, "if we get +into the way, what matter is it which way we may get in? If we are in, +we are in: thou art but in the way, who, as we perceive, came in at the +gate; and we are also in the way, that came tumbling over the wall: +wherein, now, is thy condition better than ours?" + +CHRIS. I walk by the rule of my Master; you walk by the rude working +of your fancies. You are counted thieves already by the Lord of the way; +therefore I doubt you will not be found true men at the end of the way. +You come in by yourselves without His word, and shall go out by +yourselves without His mercy. + +To this they made him but little answer; only they bid him look to +himself. Then I saw that they went on every man in his way, without much +talking one with another; save that these two men told Christian, that, +as to law and rules, they doubted not but that they should as carefully +do them as he. "Therefore," said they, "we see not wherein thou +differest from us, but by the coat which is on thy back, which was, as +we believe given thee by some of thy neighbors to hide the shame of thy +nakedness." + +CHRIS. By laws and rules you will not be saved, since you came not in by +the door. And as for this coat that is on my back, it was given to me by +the Lord of the place whither I go; and that, as you say, to cover my +nakedness with. And I take it as a token of His kindness to me; for I +had nothing but rags before. And besides, thus I comfort myself as I go. +Surely, think I, when I come to the gate of the city, the Lord thereof +will know me for good, since I have His coat on my back; a coat that He +gave me freely in the day that He stripped me of my rags. I have +moreover, a mark in my forehead, of which perhaps you have taken no +notice, which one of my Lord's most intimate friends fixed there the day +that my burden fell off my shoulders. I will tell you, moreover, that I +had then given me a roll sealed, to comfort me by reading as I go in the +way; I was also bid to give it in at the heavenly gate, in token of my +certain going in after it; all which things, I doubt, you want, and want +them because you came not in at the gate. + +To these things they gave him no answer; only they looked upon each +other, and laughed. Then I saw that they went on all, save that +Christian kept before, who had no more talk but with himself, and +sometimes sighingly, and sometimes comfortably; also he would be often +reading in the roll that one of the Shining Ones gave him, by which he +was refreshed. + +[Sidenote: THE HILL OF DIFFICULTY] + +I beheld then that they all went on till they came to the foot of the +Hill Difficulty, at the bottom of which was a spring. There were also in +the same place two other ways, besides that which came straight from the +gate; one turned to the left hand, and the other to the right, at the +bottom of the hill; but the narrow way lay right up the hill, and the +name of that going up the side of the hill is called Difficulty. +Christian now went to the spring, and drank thereof to refresh himself, +and then began to go up the hill, saying: + + "The hill, though high, I covet to ascend; + The difficulty will not me offend, + For I perceive the way to life lies here. + Come, pluck up, heart, let's neither faint nor fear. + Better, though _difficult_, the right way to go, + Than wrong, though _easy_, where the end is woe." + +The other two also came to the foot of the hill. But when they saw that +the hill was steep and high, and that there were two other ways to go; +and supposing also that these two ways might meet again with that up +which Christian went, on the other side of the hill; therefore they were +resolved to go in those ways. Now, the name of one of those ways was +Danger, and the name of the other Destruction. So the one took the way +which is called Danger, which led him into a great wood; and the other +took directly up the way to destruction, which led him into a wide +field, full of dark mountains, where he stumbled and fell, and rose no +more. + +I looked then after Christian, to see him go up the hill, where I +perceived he fell from running to going, and from going to clambering +upon his hands and his knees, because of the steepness of the place. +Now, about the midway to the top of the hill was a pleasant arbor, made +by the Lord of the hill for the refreshment of weary travelers. Thither, +therefore, Christian got, where also he sat down to rest him; then he +pulled his roll out of his bosom, and read therein to his comfort; he +also now began afresh to take a review of the coat or garment that was +given him as he stood by the cross. Thus pleasing himself a while, he at +last fell into a slumber, and thence into a fast sleep, which detained +him in that place until it was almost night; and in his sleep his roll +fell out of his hand. Now, as he was sleeping, there came one to him, +and awaked him, saying, "Go to the ant, thou sluggard;[3] consider her +ways, and be wise." And, with that, Christian suddenly started up, and +sped on his way, and went apace till he came to the top of the hill. + + [3] Idle one. + +[Sidenote: TIMOROUS AND MISTRUST] + +Now, when he was got up to the top of the hill, there came two men +running amain: the name of the one was Timorous, and of the other +Mistrust; to whom Christian said, "Sirs, what's the matter? You run the +wrong way." Timorous answered, that they were going to the city of Zion, +and had got up that difficult place: "but," said he, "the farther we go, +the more danger we meet with; wherefore we turned, and are going back +again." + +"Yes," said Mistrust, "for just before us lie a couple of lions in the +way, whether sleeping or waking we know not; and we could not think, if +we came within reach, but they would presently pull us in pieces." + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "You make me afraid; but whither shall I fly +to be safe? If I go back to my own country, that is prepared for fire +and brimstone, and I shall certainly perish there; if I can get to the +Celestial City, I am sure to be in safety there: I must venture. To go +back is nothing but death; to go forward is fear of death, and life +everlasting beyond it. I will yet go forward." So Mistrust and Timorous +ran down the hill, and Christian went on his way. But, thinking again of +what he heard from the men, he felt in his bosom for his roll, and found +it not. Then was Christian in great distress, and knew not what to do; +for he wanted that which used to comfort him, and that which should have +been his pass into the Celestial City. Here, therefore, he began to be +greatly troubled, and knew not what to do. At last he bethought himself +that he had slept in the arbor that is on the side of the hill; and, +falling down upon his knees, he asked God's forgiveness for that his +foolish act, and then went back to look for his roll. But all the way he +went back, who can sufficiently set forth the sorrow of Christian's +heart? Sometimes he sighed, sometimes he wept, and oftentimes he blamed +himself for being so foolish to fall asleep in that place, which was +erected only for a little refreshment from his weariness. Thus, +therefore, he went back, carefully looking on this side and on that, all +the way as he went, if happily he might find his roll that had been his +comfort so many times in his journey. He went thus till he came again +within sight of the arbor where he sat and slept; but that sight renewed +his sorrow the more, by bringing again, even afresh, his evil of +sleeping into his mind. Thus, therefore, he now went on, bewailing his +sinful sleep, saying, "O wretched man that I am, that I should sleep in +the day-time; that I should sleep in the midst of difficulty! that I +should so indulge myself, as to use that rest for ease to my flesh which +the Lord of the hill hath builded only for the relief of the spirits of +pilgrims! How many steps have I taken in vain! Thus it happened to +Israel; for their sin they were sent back again by the way of the Red +Sea; and I am made to tread those steps with sorrow which I might have +trod with delight, had it not been for this sinful sleep. How far might +I have been on my way by this time! I am made to tread those steps +thrice over which I needed not to have trod but once; yea, also, now I +am like to be benighted, for the day is almost spent. Oh that I had not +slept!" + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN RECOVERS HIS ROLL] + +Now, by this time he was come to the arbor again, where for awhile he +sat down and wept; but at last (as Providence would have it), looking +sorrowfully down under the settle, there he espied his roll, the which +he, with trembling and haste, caught up, and put it into his bosom. But +who can tell how joyful this man was when he had got his roll again? for +this roll was the assurance of his life and acceptance at the desired +haven. Therefore he laid it up in his bosom, giving thanks to God for +directing his eye to the place where it lay, and with joy and tears +betook himself again to his journey. But oh, how nimbly now did he go up +the rest of the hill! Yet, before he got up, the sun went down upon +Christian; and this made him again recall the folly of his sleeping to +his remembrance; and thus he began again to condole with himself, "Oh, +thou sinful sleep! how for thy sake am I like to be benighted in my +journey. I must walk without the sun, darkness must cover the path of my +feet, and I must hear the noise of the doleful creatures, because of my +sinful sleep." Now also he remembered the story that Mistrust and +Timorous told him, of how they were frighted with the sight of the +lions. Then said Christian to himself again, "These beasts range in the +night for their prey; and if they should meet with me in the dark, how +should I avoid them? how should I escape being torn in pieces?" Thus he +went on his way. But, while he was thus bewailing his unhappy mistake, +he lifted up his eyes, and behold there was a very stately palace before +him, the name of which was Beautiful, and it stood just by the highway +side. + +[Sidenote: WATCHFUL THE PORTER] + +So I saw in my dream that he made haste, and went forward, that, if +possible, he might get lodging there. Now, before he had gone far, he +entered into a very narrow passage, which was about a furlong off the +Porter's lodge; and looking very narrowly before him as he went, he +espied two lions in the way. Now, thought he, I see the dangers by which +Mistrust and Timorous were driven back. (The lions were chained, but he +saw not the chains). Then he was afraid, and thought also himself to go +back after them; for he thought nothing but death was before him. But +the Porter at the lodge, whose name is Watchful, perceiving that +Christian made a halt as if he would go back, cried out unto him, +saying, "Is thy strength so small? fear not the lions, for they are +chained, and are placed there for the trial of faith where it is, and +for the finding out of those that have none: keep in the midst of the +path, and no hurt shall come unto thee." + +Then I saw that he went on trembling for fear of the lions; but, taking +good heed to the words of the Porter, he heard them roar, but they did +him no harm. Then he clapped his hands, and went on till he came and +stood before the gate where the Porter was. Then said Christian to the +Porter, "Sir, what house is this? and may I lodge here to-night?" + +The Porter answered, "This house was built by the Lord of the hill, and +He built it for the relief and security of pilgrims." The Porter also +asked whence he was, and whither he was going. + +CHRIS. I am come from the City of Destruction, and am going to Mount +Zion; but, because the sun is now set, I desire, if I may, to lodge here +to-night. + +PORT. What is your name? + +CHRIS. My name is now Christian, but my name at the first was Graceless. + +PORT. But how doth it happen that you come so late? The sun is set. + +CHRIS. I had been here sooner, but that, wretched man that I am, I slept +in the arbor that stands on the hill-side. Nay, I had, notwithstanding +that, been here much sooner, but that in my sleep I lost my roll, and +came without it to the brow of the hill; and then, feeling for it and +finding it not, I was forced with sorrow of heart to go back to the +place where I slept my sleep, where I found it; and now I am come. + +PORT. Well, I will call out one of the women of this place, who will, if +she likes your talk, bring you in to the rest of the family, according +to the rules of the house. + +So Watchful the Porter rang a bell, at the sound of which came out of +the door of the house a grave and beautiful young woman, named +Discretion, and asked why she was called. + +The Porter answered, "This man is on a journey from the City of +Destruction to Mount Zion; but, being weary and benighted, he asked me +if he might lodge here to-night; so I told him I would call for thee, +who, after speaking with him, mayest do as seemeth thee good, even +according to the law of the house." + +[Sidenote: PIETY, PRUDENCE, CHARITY] + +Then she asked him whence he was, and whither he was going; and he told +her. She asked him also how he got into the way; and he told her. Then +she asked him what he had seen and met with on the way; and he told her. +And at last she asked his name. So he said, "It is Christian; and I have +so much the more a desire to lodge here to-night, because, by what I +perceive, this place was built by the Lord of the hill for the relief +and safety of pilgrims." So she smiled, but the water stood in her eyes; +and after a little pause, she said, "I will call forth two or three of +my family." So she ran to the door, and called out Prudence, Piety, and +Charity, who, after a little more discourse with him brought him in to +the family; and many of them, meeting him at the threshold of the house, +said, "Come in, thou blessed of the Lord: this house was built by the +Lord of the hill on purpose to entertain such pilgrims in." Then he +bowed his head, and followed them into the house. So, when he was come +in and sat down, they gave him something to drink, and agreed together, +that, until supper was ready, some of them should talk with Christian, +for the best use of the time; and they appointed Piety, Prudence, and +Charity to talk with him; and thus they began: + +PIETY. Come, good Christian since we have been so loving to you to +receive you into our house this night, let us, if perhaps we may better +ourselves thereby, talk with you of all things that have happened to you +in your pilgrimage. + +CHRIS. With a very good will, and I am glad that you are so well +disposed. + +PIETY. What moved you at first to betake yourself to a pilgrim's life? + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN'S ADVENTURES] + +CHRIS. I was driven out of my native country by a dreadful sound that +was in mine ears; to wit, that certain destruction did await me, if I +abode in that place where I was. + +PIETY. But how did it happen that you came out of your country this way? + +CHRIS. It was as God would have it; for, when I was under the fears of +destruction, I did not know whither to go; but by chance there came a +man even to me, as I was trembling and weeping, whose name is +Evangelist, and he directed me to the wicket-gate, which else I should +never have found, and so set me in the way that hath led me directly to +this house. + +PIETY. But did you not come by the house of the Interpreter? + +CHRIS. Yes, and did see such things there, the remembrance of which will +stick by me as long as I live, especially three things; to wit, how +Christ, in despite of Satan, the Evil One maintains His work of grace +in the heart; how the man had sinned himself quite out of hopes of God's +mercy; and also the dream of him that thought in his sleep the day of +judgment was come. + +PIETY. Why? did you hear him tell his dream? + +CHRIS. Yes, and a dreadful one it was, I thought it made my heart ache +as he was telling of it; but yet I am glad I heard of it. + +PIETY. Was that all you saw at the house of the Interpreter? + +CHRIS. No; he took me, and had me where he showed me a stately palace; +and how the people were clad in gold that were in it; and how there came +a venturous man, and cut his way through the armed men that stood in the +door to keep him out; and how he was bid to come in and win eternal +glory. Methought those things did delight my heart. I would have stayed +at that good man's house a twelvemonth, but that I knew I had farther to +go. + +PIETY. And what saw you else in the way? + +CHRIS. Saw? Why, I went but a little farther, and I saw One, as I +thought in my mind, hang bleeding upon a tree; and the very sight of Him +made my burden fall off my back; for I groaned under a very heavy +burden, and then it fell down from off me. It was a strange thing to me, +for I never saw such a thing before; yea, and while I stood looking up +(for then I could not forbear looking), three Shining Ones came to me. +One of them told me that my sins were forgiven me; another stripped me +of my rags, and gave me this broidered coat which you see; and the third +set the mark which you see in my forehead, and gave me this sealed roll. +(And, with that, he plucked it out of his bosom.) + +PIETY. But you saw more than this, did you not? + +CHRIS. The things that I have told you were the best; yet some other +matters I saw; as namely I saw three men, Simple, Sloth, and +Presumption, lie asleep, a little out of the way as I came, with irons +upon their heels; but do you think I could wake them? I also saw +Formalist and Hypocrisy come tumbling over the wall, to go, as they +pretended, to Zion; but they were quickly lost, even as I myself did +tell them, but they would not believe. But, above all, I found it hard +work to get up this hill, and as hard to come by the lions' mouths; and +truly, if it had not been for the good man the Porter, that stands at +the gate, I do not know but that, after all, I might have gone back +again; but now I thank God I am here, and I thank you for receiving of +me. + +Then Prudence thought good to ask him a few questions, and desired his +answer to them. + +PRU. Do you think sometimes of the country from whence you came? + +CHRIS. Yes, but with much shame and detestation. Truly, if I had been +mindful of that country from whence I came out, I might have had an +opportunity to have returned; but now I desire a better country, that +is, a heavenly one. + +PRU. Do you not yet bear away with you in your thoughts some of the +things that you did in the former time? + +CHRIS. Yes, but greatly against my will; especially my inward and sinful +thoughts, with which all my countrymen, as well as myself, were +delighted. But now all those things are my grief; and, might I but +choose mine own things, I would choose never to think of those things +more; but when I would be doing that which is best, that which is worst +is with me. + +PRU. Do you not find sometimes as if those things were overcome, which +at other times are your trouble? + +CHRIS. Yes, but that is but seldom; but they are to me golden hours in +which such things happen to me. + +PRU. Can you remember by what means you find your annoyances, at times, +as if they were overcome? + +CHRIS. Yes; when I think what I saw at the cross, that will do it; and +when I look upon my broidered coat, that will do it; also when I look +into the roll that I carry in my bosom, that will do it; and when my +thoughts wax warm about whither I am going, that will do it. + +PRU. And what makes you so desirous to go to Mount Zion? + +CHRIS. Why, there I hope to see Him alive that did hang dead on the +cross; and there I hope to be rid of all these things that to this day +are in me an annoyance to me. There, they say, there is no death; and +there I shall dwell with such company as I like best. For, to tell you +the truth, I love Him because I was by Him eased of my burden; and I am +weary of my inward sickness. I would fain be where I shall die no more, +and with the company that shall continually cry, "Holy, holy, holy!" + +[Sidenote: CHARITY TALKS WITH CHRISTIAN] + +CHAR. Then said Charity to Christian, "Have you a family? are you a +married man?" + +CHRIS. I have a wife and four small children. + +CHAR. And why did you not bring them along with you? + +CHRIS. Then Christian wept, and said, "Oh, how willingly would I have +done it! but they were all of them utterly against my going on +pilgrimage." + +CHAR. But you should have talked to them, and endeavored to have shown +them the danger of staying behind. + +CHRIS. So I did, and told them also what God had shown to me of the +destruction of our city; but I seemed to them as one that mocked, and +they believed me not. + +CHAR. And did you pray to God that He would bless your words to them? + +CHRIS. Yes, and that with much affection; for you must think that my +wife and poor children are very dear unto me. + +CHAR. But did you tell them of your own sorrow and fear of destruction? +for I suppose that you could see your destruction before you. + +CHRIS. Yes, over, and over, and over. They might also see my fears in my +countenance, in my tears, and also in my trembling under the fear of the +judgment that did hang over our heads: but all was not enough to prevail +with them to come with me. + +CHAR. But what could they say for themselves why they came not? + +CHRIS. Why, my wife was afraid of losing this world, and my children +were given to the foolish delights of youth; so, what by one thing, and +what by another, they left me to wander in this manner alone. + +CHAR. But did you not, with your vain life, hinder all that you by words +used by way of persuasion to bring them away with you? + +CHRIS. Indeed, I cannot commend my life, for I am conscious to myself of +many failings therein. I know also, that a man, by his actions may soon +overthrow what, by proofs or persuasion, he doth labor to fasten upon +others for their good. Yet this I can say, I was very wary of giving +them occasion, by any unseemly action, to make them averse to going on +pilgrimage. Yea, for this very thing they would tell me I was too +precise, and that I denied myself of things (for their sakes) in which +they saw no evil. Nay, I think I may say that, if what they saw in me +did hinder them, it was my great tenderness in sinning against God, or +of doing any wrong to my neighbor. + +CHAR. Indeed, Cain hated his brother because his own works were evil, +and his brother's righteous; and, if thy wife and children have been +offended with thee for this, they thereby show themselves to be +resolutely opposed to good: thou hast freed thy soul from their blood. + +Now I saw in my dream, that thus they sat talking together till supper +was ready. So, when they had made ready, they sat down to meat. Now, the +table was furnished with fat things, and wine that was well refined; and +all their talk at the table was about the Lord of the hill; as, namely, +about what He had done, and wherefore He did what He did, and why He had +builded that house; and by what they said, I perceived that He had been +a great warrior, and had fought with and slain him that had the power of +death, but not without great danger to Himself, which made me love Him +the more. + +For, as they said, and as I believe (said Christian), He did it with the +loss of much blood. But that which puts the glory of grace into all He +did, was, that He did it out of pure love to this country. And, besides, +there were some of them of the household that said they had seen and +spoken with Him since He did die on the cross; and they have declared +that they had it from His own lips, that He is such a lover of poor +pilgrims, that the like is not to be found from the east to the west. +They moreover gave an instance of what they affirmed; and that was, He +had stripped Himself of His glory, that He might do this for the poor; +and that they had heard Him say and affirm that He would not dwell in +the mountains of Zion alone. They said, moreover, that He had made many +pilgrims princes, though by nature they were beggars born, and their +home had been the dunghill. + +Thus they talked together till late at night; and after they had +committed themselves to their Lord for protection, they betook +themselves to rest. The Pilgrim they laid in a large upper chamber, +whose window opened towards the sunrising. The name of the chamber was +Peace, where he slept till break of day, and then he awoke and sang: + + "Where am I now? Is this the love and care + Of Jesus, for the men that pilgrims are, + Thus to provide that I should be forgiven, + And dwell already the next door to heaven?" + +[Sidenote: THE VIRGINS READ TO CHRISTIAN] + +So in the morning they all got up; and after some more talking together, +they told him that he should not depart till they had shown him the +rarities of that place. And first they took him into the study, where +they showed him records of the greatest age; in which, as I remember in +my dream, they showed him first the history of the Lord of the hill, +that He was the son of the Ancient of Days, and had lived from the +beginning. Here also were more fully written the acts that He had done, +and the names of many hundreds that He had taken into his service; and +how he had placed them in such houses that could neither by length of +days nor decays of nature be destroyed. + +Then they read to him some of the worthy acts that some of His servants +had done; as, how they had conquered kingdoms, wrought righteousness, +obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the violence of +fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong, +waxed valiant in fight, and turned to flight the armies of the enemies. + +They then read again in another part of the records of the house, where +it was shown how willing their Lord was to receive into His favor any +even any, though they in time past had done great wrongs to His person +and rule. Here also were several other histories of many other famous +things, of all which Christian had a view; as of things both ancient and +modern, together with prophecies and foretellings of things that surely +come to pass, both to the dread and wonder of enemies, and the comfort +and happiness of pilgrims. + +The next day they took him and led him into the armory, where they +showed him all manner of weapons which their Lord had provided for +pilgrims; as sword, shield, helmet, breast-plate, all-prayer, and shoes +that would not wear out. And there was here enough of this to harness +out as many men for the service of their Lord as there be stars in the +heaven for multitude. + +They also showed him some of the things with which some of His servants +had done wonderful things. They showed him Moses' rod; the hammer and +nail with which Jael slew Sisera; the pitchers, trumpets, and lamps too, +with which Gideon put to flight the armies of Midian. Then they showed +him the ox's goad wherewith Shamgar slew six hundred men. They showed +him also the jaw-bone with which Samson did such mighty feats. They +showed him, moreover, the sling and stone with which David slew Goliath +of Gath, and the sword also with which their Lord will kill the Man of +Sin, in the day that He shall rise up to the battle. They showed him, +besides, many excellent things, with which Christian was much delighted. +This done, they went to their rest again. + +Then I saw in my dream that on the morrow he got up to go forward, but +they desired him to stay till the next day also; "and then," said they, +"we will, if the day be clear, show you the Delectable Mountains;" which +they said would yet further add to his comfort, because they were nearer +the desired haven than the place where at present he was. So he +consented and stayed. When the morning was up, they led him to the top +of the house, and bid him look south. So he did, and behold, at a great +distance he saw a most pleasant mountainous country, beautified with +woods, vineyards, fruits of all sorts, flowers also, with springs and +fountains, very lovely to behold. Then he asked the name of the country. +They said it was Immanuel's Land; "and it is as common," said they, "as +this hill is, to and for all the pilgrims. And when thou comest there, +from thence thou mayest see to the gate of the Celestial City, as the +shepherds that live there will make appear." + +Now he bethought himself of setting forward, and they were willing he +should. "But first," said they, "let us go again into the armory." So +they did; and when he came there, they dressed him from head to foot +with armor of proof, lest perhaps he should meet with assaults in the +way. He being, therefore, thus armed, walked out with his friends to the +gate; and there he asked the Porter if he saw any pilgrim pass by. Then +the Porter answered, "Yes." + +CHRIS. "Pray, did you know him?" said he. + +PORT. I asked his name, and he told me it was Faithful. + +CHRIS. "Oh," said Christian, "I know him, he is my townsman, my near +neighbor; he comes from the place where I was born. How far do you think +he may be before?" + +PORT. He has got by this time below the hill. + +CHRIS. "Well," said Christian, "good Porter, the Lord be with thee, and +add to all thy blessings much increase for the kindness thou has shown +to me!" + +Then he began to go forward; but Discretion, Piety, Charity, and +Prudence would accompany him down to the foot of the hill. So they went +on together repeating their former discourses, till they came to go down +the hill. Then said Christian, "As it was difficult coming up, so far so +as I can see, it is dangerous going down." "Yes," said Prudence, "so it +is; for it is a hard matter for a man to go down the Valley of +Humiliation, as thou art now, and to catch no slip by the way; +therefore," said they, "are we come out to accompany thee down the +hill." So he began to go down, but very warily; yet he caught a slip or +two. + +Then I saw in my dream that these good companions, when Christian was +gone down to the bottom of the hill, gave him a loaf of bread, a bottle +of wine, and a cluster of raisins; and then he went his way. + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + + +But now, in this Valley of Humiliation, poor Christian was hard put to +it; for he had gone but a little way before he espied a foul fiend +coming over the field to meet him: his name is Apollyon. Then did +Christian begin to be afraid, and to cast in his mind whether to go back +or to stand his ground. But he considered again that he had no armor for +his back, and therefore thought that to turn the back to him might give +him greater advantage with ease to pierce him with darts; therefore he +resolved to venture and stand his ground; for, thought he, had I no more +in mine eye than the saving of my life, it would be the best way to +stand. So he went on, and Apollyon met him. Now, the monster was hideous +to behold: he was clothed with scales like a fish, and they are his +pride; he had wings like a dragon, and feet like a bear, and out of his +belly came fire and smoke; and his mouth was as the mouth of a lion. +When he was come up to Christian, he beheld him with a disdainful +countenance, and thus began to question with him: + +[Sidenote: APOLLYON STAYS CHRISTIAN] + +APOLLYON. Whence come you, and whither are you bound? + +CHRIS. I am come from the City of Destruction, which is the place of all +evil, and am going to the City of Zion. + +APOL. By this I perceive that thou art one of my subjects; for all that +country is mine, and I am the prince and God of it. How is it then that +thou hast run away from thy king? Were it not that I hope that thou +mayest do me more service, I would strike thee now at one blow to the +ground. + +CHRIS. I was indeed born in your kingdom; but your service was hard, and +your wages such as a man could not live on; for the wages of sin is +death; therefore, when I was come to years, I did as other thoughtful +persons do, look out, if perhaps I might mend myself. + +APOL. There is no prince that will thus lightly lose his subjects, +neither will I as yet lose thee; but, since thou complainest of thy +service and wages, be content to go back, and what our country will +afford I do here promise to give thee. + +CHRIS. But I have let myself to another, even to the King of princes; +and how can I with fairness go back with thee? + +APOL. Thou hast done in this according to the proverb, "changed a bad +for a worse;" but it is common for those that have called themselves His +servants, after awhile to give Him the slip, and return again to me. Do +thou so too, and all shall be well. + +CHRIS. I have given Him my faith, and sworn my service to Him; how, +then, can I go back from this, and not be hanged as a traitor? + +APOL. Thou didst the same to me, and yet I am willing to pass by all, +if now thou wilt yet turn again and go back. + +CHRIS. What I promised thee was in my youth, and besides, I count that +the Prince under whose banner I now stand is able to set me free, yea, +and to pardon also what I did as to my service with thee. And besides, O +thou destroying Apollyon, to speak the truth, I like His service, His +wages, His servants, His government, His company, and country, better +than thine; therefore leave off to persuade me further: I am His +servant, and I will follow Him. + +APOL. Consider again when thou art in cold blood, what thou art likely +to meet with in the way that thou goest. Thou knowest that for the most +part His servants come to an ill end, because they are disobedient +against me and my ways. How many of them have been put to shameful +deaths! And besides, thou countest His service better than mine; whereas +He never came yet from the place where He is, to deliver any that served +Him out of their hands; but as for me, how many times, as all the world +very well knows, have I delivered, either by power or fraud, those that +have faithfully served me, from Him and His, though taken by them! And +so I will deliver thee. + +CHRIS. His forbearing at present to deliver them is on purpose to try +their love, whether they will cleave to Him to the end; and, as for the +ill end thou sayest they come to, that is most glorious in their +account. For, for present deliverance, they do not much expect it; for +they stay for their glory, and then they shall have it when their prince +comes in His and the glory of the angels. + +APOL. Thou hast already been unfaithful in thy service to Him; and how +dost thou think to receive wages of Him? + +CHRIS. Wherein, O Apollyon, have I been unfaithful to Him? + +APOL. Thou didst faint at first setting out, when thou wast almost +choked in the Gulf of Despond. Thou didst attempt wrong ways to be rid +of thy burden, whereas thou shouldst have stayed till thy Prince had +taken it off. Thou didst sinfully sleep and lose thy choice things. Thou +wast almost persuaded to go back at the sight of the lions. And when +thou talkest of thy journey, and of what thou hast seen and heard, thou +art inwardly desirous of glory to thyself in all that thou sayest or +doest. + +CHRIS. All this is true, and much more which thou hast left out; but the +Prince whom I serve and honor is merciful and ready to forgive. But +besides, these infirmities possessed me in thy own country; for there I +sucked them in, and I have groaned under them, been sorry for them, and +have obtained pardon of my Prince. + +APOL. Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous rage, saying, "I am an +enemy to this Prince; I hate His person, His laws, and people. I am come +out on purpose to withstand thee." + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN THE CONQUEROR] + +CHRIS. Apollyon, beware what you do, for I am in the King's highway, +the way of holiness: therefore take heed to yourself. + +APOL. Then Apollyon straddled quite over the whole breadth of the way, +and said, "I am void of fear in this matter. Prepare thyself to die; for +I swear by my infernal den, that thou shalt go no farther: here will I +spill thy soul." And, with that, he threw a flaming dart at his breast; +but Christian held a shield in his hand, with which he caught, and so +prevented the danger of that. + +Then did Christian draw, for he saw it was time to bestir him; and +Apollyon as fast made at him, throwing darts as thick as hail, by the +which, notwithstanding all that Christian could do to avoid it, Apollyon +wounded him in his head, his hand, and foot. This made Christian give a +little back; Apollyon, therefore, followed his work amain, and Christian +again took courage, and resisted as manfully as he could. This sore +combat lasted for above half a day, even till Christian was almost quite +spent. For you must know that Christian, by reason of his wounds, must +needs grow weaker and weaker. + +Then Apollyon, espying his opportunity, began to gather up close to +Christian, and, wrestling with him, gave him a dreadful fall; and, with +that, Christian's sword flew out of his hand. Then said Apollyon, "I am +sure of thee now." And, with that, he had almost pressed him to death, +so that Christian began to despair of life. But, as God would have it, +while Apollyon was fetching his last blow, thereby to make a full end +of this good man, Christian nimbly reached out his hand for his sword, +and caught it, saying, "Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy: when I +fall I shall arise;" and, with that, gave him a deadly thrust, which +made him give back, as one that had received his mortal wound. +Christian, perceiving that, made at him again, saying, "Nay, in all +these things we are more than conquerors through Him that loved us." +And, with that, Apollyon spread forth his dragon's wings, and sped him +away, that Christian for a season saw him no more. + +In this combat no man can imagine, unless he had seen and heard, as I +did, what yelling and hideous roaring Apollyon made all the time of the +fight: he spake like a dragon; and, on the other side, what sighs and +groans burst from Christian's heart. I never saw him all the while give +so much as one pleasant look, till he perceived he had wounded Apollyon +with his two-edged sword; then, indeed, he did smile and look upward; +but it was the dreadfullest sight that ever I saw. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN GIVES THANKS] + +CHRIS. So, when the battle was over, Christian said, "I will here give +thanks to Him that hath delivered me out of the mouth of the lion; to +Him that did help me against Apollyon." And so he did, saying: + + "Great Satan, the captain of this fiend, + Designed my ruin; therefore to this end + He sent him harnessed out: and he with rage + That hellish was, did fiercely me engage; + But blessed angels helped me; and I, + By dint of sword, did quickly make him fly: + Therefore to God let me give lasting praise, + And thank and bless His holy name always." + +Then there came to him a hand with some of the leaves of the tree of +life; the which Christian took, and laid upon the wounds that he had +received in the battle, and was healed immediately. He also sat down in +that place to eat bread, and to drink of the bottle that was given to +him a little before: so, being refreshed, he went forth on his journey, +with his sword drawn in his hand; "For," he said, "I know not but some +other enemy may be at hand." But he met with no other harm from Apollyon +quite through this valley. + +Now, at the end of this valley was another, called the Valley of the +Shadow of Death; and Christian must needs go through it, because the way +to the Celestial City lay through the midst of it. Now this valley is a +very solitary place; the prophet Jeremiah thus describes it: "A +wilderness, a land of deserts and pits, a land of drought, and of the +shadow of death, a land that no man" but a Christian "passeth through, +and where no man dwelt." + +Now here Christian was worse put to it than in his fight with Apollyon, +as in the story you shall see. + +I saw then in my dream, that when Christian was got to the borders of +the Shadow of Death, there met him two men, children of them that +brought up an evil report of the good land, making haste to go back; to +whom Christian spake as follows: + +CHRIS. Whither are you going? + +MEN. They said, "Back, back! and we would have you to do so too, if +either life or peace is prized by you." + +CHRIS. "Why, what's the matter?" said Christian. + +MEN. "Matter!" said they: "we were going that way as you are going, and +went as far as we durst: and indeed we were almost past coming back; for +had we gone a little farther, we had not been here to bring the news to +thee." + +CHRIS. "But what have you met with?" said Christian. + +MEN. Why, we were almost in the Valley of the Shadow of Death, but that +by good hap we looked before us, and saw the danger before we came to +it. + +CHRIS. "But what have you seen?" said Christian. + +MEN. Seen! why, the valley itself, which is as dark as pitch: we also +saw there the hobgoblins, satyrs, and dragons of the pit; we heard also +in that valley a continual howling and yelling, as of a people under +unutterable misery, who there sat bound in affliction and irons; and +over that hung the discouraging clouds of confusion; Death also does +always spread his wings over it. In a word, it is every whit dreadful, +being utterly without order. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "I perceive not yet, by what you have said, +but that this is my way to the desired haven." + +MEN. Be it thy way, we will not choose it for ours. + +So they parted, and Christian went on his way, but still with his sword +drawn in his hand, for fear lest he should be attacked. + +I saw then in my dream, as far as this valley reached, there was on the +right hand a very deep ditch; that ditch is it into which the blind have +led the blind in all ages, and have both there miserably perished. +Again, behold, on the left hand there was a very dangerous quag, or +marsh, into which, if even a good man falls, he finds no bottom for his +foot to stand on: into that quag King David once did fall, and had no +doubt there been smothered, had not He that is able plucked him out. + +The pathway was here also exceedingly narrow, and therefore good +Christian was the more put to it; for when he sought, in the dark, to +shun the ditch, on the one hand he was ready to tip over into the mire +on the other; also when he sought to escape the mire, without great +carefulness he would be ready to fall into the ditch. Thus he went on, +and I heard him here sigh bitterly, for besides the danger mentioned +above, the pathway was here so dark, that ofttimes, when he lifted up +his foot to go forward, he knew not where or upon what he should set it +next. + +[Sidenote: A COMPANY OF FIENDS] + +About the midst of this valley I perceived the mouth of hell to be, and +it stood also hard by the wayside. Now, thought Christian, what shall I +do? And ever and anon the flame and smoke would come out in such +abundance, with sparks and hideous noises (things that cared not for +Christian's sword, as did Apollyon before), that he was forced to put up +his sword, and betake himself to another weapon, called "All-Prayer." So +he cried in my hearing, "O Lord, I beseech Thee, deliver my soul." Thus +he went on a great while, yet still the flames would be reaching towards +him; also he heard doleful voices, and rushings to and fro, so that +sometimes he thought he should be torn in pieces, or trodden down like +mire in the streets. This frightful sight was seen, and those dreadful +noises were heard by him, for several miles together, and, coming to a +place where he thought he heard a company of fiends coming forward to +meet him, he stopped, and began to muse what he had best to do. +Sometimes he had half a thought to go back; then again he thought he +might be half-way through the valley. He remembered, also, how he had +already vanquished many a danger, and that the danger of going back +might be much more than going forward. So he resolved to go on; yet the +fiends seemed to come nearer and nearer. But, when they were come even +almost at him, he cried out with a most vehement voice, "I will walk in +the strength of the Lord God." So they gave back, and came no farther. + +[Sidenote: VALLEY OF SHADOW OF DEATH] + +One thing I would not let slip: I took notice that now poor Christian +was so confounded that he did not know his own voice; and thus I +perceived it: just when he was come over against the mouth of the +burning pit, one of the wicked ones got behind him, and stepped up +softly to him, and whisperingly suggested many wicked words to him, +which he verily thought had proceeded from his own mind. This put +Christian more to it than anything he had met with before, even to think +that he should now speak evil of Him that he had so much loved before. +Yet, if he could have helped it, he would not have done it; but he had +not the wisdom either to stop his ears, or to know from whence those +wicked words came. + +When Christian had traveled in this sorrowful condition some +considerable time he thought he heard the voice of a man, as going +before him, saying, "Though I walk through the Valley of the Shadow of +Death I will fear no evil; for Thou art with me." + +Then he was glad, and that for these reasons: + +First,--Because he gathered from thence, that some who feared God were +in this valley as well as himself. + +Secondly,--For that he perceived God was with them, though in that dark +and dismal state. And why not, thought he, with me, though by reason of +the kindness that attends this place, I cannot perceive it? + +Thirdly,--For that he hoped (could he overtake them) to have company +by-and-by. So he went on, and called to him that was before; but he knew +not what to answer, for that he also thought himself to be alone. And +by-and-by the day broke. Then said Christian, "He hath turned the shadow +of death into the morning." + +Now, morning being come, he looked back, not out of desire to return, +but to see, by the light of the day, what dangers he had gone through in +the dark. So he saw more perfectly the ditch that was on the one hand, +and the quag that was on the other; also how narrow the way which led +betwixt them both. Also now he saw the hobgoblins, and satyrs, and +dragons of the pit, but all afar off; for after break of day they came +not nigh; yet they were shown to him according to that which is written, +"He showeth deep things out of darkness, and bringeth out to light the +shadow of death." + +Now was Christian much affected with his deliverance from all the +dangers of his solitary way; which dangers, though he feared them much +before, yet he saw them more clearly now, because the light of the day +made them plain to him. And about this time the sun was rising, and this +was another mercy to Christian; for you must note that, though the first +part of the Valley of the Shadow of Death was dangerous, yet this second +part, which he was yet to go, was if possible far more dangerous; for, +from the place where he now stood, even to the end of the valley, the +way was all along set so full of snares, traps, gins, and nets here, +and so full of pits, pitfalls, deep holes, and shelvings down there, +that, had it now been dark, as it was when he came the first part of the +way, had he had a thousand souls, they had in reason been cast away. +But, as I said just now the sun was rising. Then said he, "His candle +shineth on my head, and by His light I go through darkness." + +[Sidenote: POPE AND PAGAN] + +In this light, therefore, he came to the end of the valley. Now, I saw +in my dream that at the end of the valley lay blood, bones, ashes, and +mangled bodies of men, even of pilgrims that had gone this way formerly; +and, while I was musing what should be the reason, I espied a little +before me a cave, where two giants, POPE and PAGAN, dwelt in old time; +by whose power and tyranny, the men whose bones, blood, ashes, etc., lay +there, were cruelly put to death. But by this place Christian went +without danger, whereat I somewhat wondered; but I have learnt since, +that Pagan has been dead many a day; and, as for the other, though he be +yet alive, he is, by reason of age, also of the many shrewd brushes that +he met with in his younger days, grown so crazy and stiff in his joints, +that he can now do little more than sit in his cave's mouth, grinning at +pilgrims as they go by, and biting his nails because he cannot come to +them. + +So I saw that Christian went on his way; yet, at the sight of the old +man that sat at the mouth of the cave, he could not tell what to think, +especially because he spoke to him, though he could not go after him, +saying, "You will never mend till more of you be burned." But he held +his peace, and set a good face on it, and so went by and caught no hurt. +Then sang Christian: + + "O, world of wonders (I can say no less), + That I should be preserved in that distress + That I have met with here! Oh, blessed be + That hand that from it hath delivered me! + Dangers in darkness, devils, hell, and sin, + Did compass me, while I this vale was in; + Yes, snares, and pits, and traps, and nets did lie + My path about, that worthless, silly I + Might have been catched, entangled, and cast down; + But, since I live, let Jesus wear the crown." + +[Illustration: Christian and Faithful Join Company. + Page 89] + + + + +CHAPTER V. + + +Now as Christian went on his way, he came to a little ascent which was +cast up on purpose that pilgrims might see before them: up there, +therefore, Christian went; and looking forward, he saw Faithful before +him upon his journey. Then said Christian aloud, "Ho, ho! so-ho! stay, +and I will be your companion." At that Faithful looked behind him; to +whom Christian cried, "Stay, stay, till I come up to you." But Faithful +answered, "No, I am upon my life, and the avenger of blood is behind +me." + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN JOINS FAITHFUL] + +At this Christian was somewhat moved; and putting to all his strength, +he quickly got up with Faithful, and did also overrun him: so the last +was first. Then did Christian boastfully smile, because he had gotten +the start of his brother; but, not taking good heed to his feet, he +suddenly stumbled and fell, and could not rise again until Faithful came +up to help him. + +Then I saw in my dream, they went very lovingly on together, and had +sweet talk together of all things that had happened to them in their +pilgrimage; and thus Christian began: + +CHRIS. My honored and well-beloved brother Faithful, I am glad that I +have overtaken you, and that God has so tempered our spirits that we can +walk as companions in this so pleasant a path. + +FAITH. I had thought, dear friend, to have had your company quite from +our town; but you did get the start of me, wherefore I was forced to +come thus much of the way alone. + +CHRIS. How long did you stay in the City of Destruction before you set +out after me on your pilgrimage? + +[Sidenote: WHAT WAS SAID IN THE CITY] + +FAITH. Till I could stay no longer; for there was great talk, presently +after you were gone out, that our city would, in a short time, with fire +from heaven, be burned down to the ground. + +CHRIS. What! did your neighbors talk so? + +FAITH. Yes, it was for a while in everybody's mouth. + +CHRIS. What! and did no more of them but you come out to escape the +danger? + +FAITH. Though there was, as I said, a great talk thereabout, yet I do +not think they did firmly believe it. For, in the heat of the talking I +heard some of them deridingly speak of you, and of your desperate +journey; for so they called this your pilgrimage. But I did believe, and +do still, that the end of our city will be with fire and brimstone from +above; and therefore I have made my escape. + +CHRIS. Did you hear no talk of neighbor Pliable? + +FAITH. Yes, Christian; I heard that he followed you till he came to the +Slough of Despond, where, as some said, he fell in; but he would not be +known to have so done; but I am sure he was soundly bedabbled with that +kind of dirt. + +CHRIS. And what said the neighbors to him? + +FAITH. He hath, since his going back, been held greatly in derision, and +that among all sorts of people: some do mock and despise him, and scarce +any will set him on work. He is now seven times worse than if he had +never gone out of the city. + +CHRIS. But why should they be set so against him, since they also +despise the way that he forsook? + +FAITH. "Oh," they say, "hang him; he is a turncoat! he was not true to +his profession!" I think God has stirred up even his enemies to hiss at +him and laugh at him, because he hath forsaken the way. + +CHRIS. Had you no talk with him before you came out? + +FAITH. I met him once in the streets, but he leered away on the other +side, as one ashamed of what he had done; so I spake not to him. + +CHRIS. Well, at my first setting out, I had hopes of that man, but now I +fear he will perish in the overthrow of the city. For it has happened to +him according to the true proverb, "The dog is turned to his vomit +again, and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire." + +FAITH. These are my fears of him too; but who can hinder that which will +be? + +CHRIS. "Well, neighbor Faithful," said Christian, "let us leave him, and +talk of things that more immediately concern ourselves. Tell me now +what you have met with in the way as you came; for I know you have met +with some things, or else it may be writ for a wonder." + +FAITH. I escaped the slough that I perceive you fell into, and got up to +the gate without that danger; only I met with one whose name was Wanton, +that had like to have done me a mischief. + +CHRIS. It was well you escaped her net: Joseph was hard put to it by +her, and he escaped her as you did; but it had like to have cost him his +life. But what did she do to you? + +FAITH. You cannot think (but that you know something) what a flattering +tongue she had; she lay at me hard to turn aside with her, promising me +all manner of enjoyment. + +CHRIS. Nay, she did not promise you the enjoyment of a good conscience. + +FAITH. You know what I mean--not the enjoyment of the soul, but of the +body. + +CHRIS. Thank God you have escaped her: the abhorred of the Lord shall +fall into her ditch. + +FAITH. Nay, I know not whether I did wholly escape her or no. + +CHRIS. Why, I suppose you did not consent to her desires? + +FAITH. No, not to defile myself; for I remembered an old writing that I +had seen which saith, "Her steps take hold of hell." So I shut mine +eyes, because I would not be bewitched with her looks. Then she railed +on me, and I went my way. + +CHRIS. Did you meet with no other assault as you came? + +[Sidenote: FAITHFUL AND ADAM THE FIRST] + +FAITH. When I came to the foot of the hill called Difficulty, I met with +a very aged man, who asked me what I was and whither bound. I told him +that I was a pilgrim, going to the Celestial City. Then said the old +man, "Thou lookest like an honest fellow: wilt thou be content to dwell +with me, for the wages that I shall give thee?" Then I asked him his +name, and where he dwelt. He said his name was Adam the First, and that +he dwelt in the town of Deceit. I asked him then what was his work, and +what the wages that he would give. He told me that his work was many +delights; and his wages, that I should be his heir at last. I further +asked him what house he kept, and what other servants he had. So he told +me that his house was filled with all the dainties of the world, and +that his servants were his own children. Then I asked him how many +children he had. He said that he had but three daughters, the Lust of +the Flesh, the Lust of the Eyes, and the Pride of Life, and that I +should marry them if I would. Then I asked, how long time he would have +me live with him? And he told me, As long as he lived himself. + +CHRIS. Well, and what conclusion came the old man and you to at last? + +FAITH. Why, at first I found myself somewhat inclinable to go with the +man, for I thought he spake very fair; but looking in his forehead, as +I talked with him, I saw there written, "Put off the old man with his +deeds." + +CHRIS. And how then? + +FAITH. Then it came burning hot into my mind, whatever he said, and +however he flattered, when he got home to his house he would sell me for +a slave. So I bid him forbear, for I would not come near the door of his +house. Then he reviled me, and told me that he would send such a one +after me that should make my way bitter to my soul. So I turned to go +away from him; but, just as I turned myself to go thence, I felt him +take hold of my flesh, and give me such a deadly twitch back, that I +thought he had pulled part of me after himself: this made me cry, "O +wretched man!" So I went on my way up the hill. Now, when I had got +about half-way up, I looked behind me, and saw one coming after me, +swift as the wind; so he overtook me just about the place where the +settle stands. + +CHRIS. "Just there," said Christian, "did I sit down to rest me; but +being overcome with sleep, I there lost this roll out of my bosom." + +FAITH. But, good brother, hear me out. So soon as the man overtook me, +he was but a word and a blow; for down he knocked me, and laid me for +dead. But, when I was a little come to myself again, I asked him +wherefore he served me so. He said, because of my secret inclining to +Adam the First. And, with that, he struck me another deadly blow on the +breast, and beat me down backwards; so I lay at his feet as dead as +before. So, when I came to myself again, I cried him mercy; but he said, +"I know not how to show mercy;" and, with that, he knocked me down +again. He had doubtless made an end of me, but that One came by, and bid +him forbear. + +CHRIS. Who was that that bid him forbear? + +FAITH. I did not know him at first; but, as He went by, I perceived the +holes in His hands and His side; then I concluded that He was our Lord. +So I went up the hill. + +CHRIS. That man that overtook you was Moses. He spareth none, neither +knoweth he how to show mercy to those that disobey his law. + +FAITH. I know it very well: it was not the first time that he has met +with me. It was he that came to me when I dwelt securely at home, and +that told me he would burn my house over my head if I stayed there. + +CHRIS. But Did not you see the house that stood there, on the top of +that hill on the side of which Moses met you? + +FAITH. Yes, and the lions too, before I came at it. But, for the lions, +I think they were asleep, for it was about noon; and because I had so +much of the day before me I passed by the Porter, and came down the +hill. + +CHRIS. He told me, indeed, that he saw you go by; but I wished you had +called at the house, for they would have showed you so many rarities, +that you would scarce have forgot them to the day of your death. But +pray tell me, did you meet nobody in the Valley of Humility? + +FAITH. Yes, I met with one Discontent, who would willingly have +persuaded me to go back again with him: his reason was, for that the +valley was altogether without honor. He told me, moreover, that there to +go was the way to disoblige all my friends, as Pride, Arrogancy, +Self-Conceit, Worldly-Glory, with others, who he knew, as he said, would +be very much offended if I made such a fool of myself as to wade through +this valley. + +CHRIS. Well, and how did you answer him? + +FAITH. I told him that, although all these that he named might claim +kindred of me, and that rightly (for, indeed, they were my relations +according to the flesh), yet, since I became a pilgrim, they have +disowned me, as I also have rejected them; and therefore they were to me +now no more than if they had never been of my lineage. I told him, +moreover, that as to this valley, he had quite misrepresented the thing; +for before honor is humility, and a haughty spirit before a fall. +"Therefore," said I, "I had rather go through this valley to the honor +that was so accounted by the wisest, than choose that which he esteemed +most worthy of our affections." + +CHRIS. Met you with nothing else in that valley? + +[Sidenote: SHAME A BOLD VILLAIN] + +FAITH. Yes, I met with Shame; but, of all the men that I met with in my +pilgrimage, he I think, bears the wrong name. The others would take +"No" for an answer, at least after some words of denial; but this +bold-faced Shame would never have done. + +CHRIS. Why, what did he say to you? + +FAITH. What? why, he objected against religion itself. He said it was a +pitiful, low, sneaking business for a man to mind religion. He said that +a tender conscience was an unmanly thing; and that for a man to watch +over his words and ways, so as to tie up himself from that liberty that +the brave spirits of the times accustom themselves unto, would make him +the ridicule of all the people in our time. He objected also, that but a +few of the mighty, rich, or wise were ever of my opinion; nor any of +them neither, before they were persuaded to be fools, to venture the +loss of all for nobody else knows what. He, moreover, objected the base +and low estate and condition of those that were chiefly the pilgrims of +the times in which they lived; also their ignorance, and want of +understanding in all worldly knowledge. Yea, he did hold me to it at +that rate also, about a great many more things than here I relate; as, +that it was a shame to sit whining and mourning under a sermon, and a +shame to come sighing and groaning home; that it was a shame to ask my +neighbor forgiveness for petty faults, or to give back what I had taken +from any. He said also that religion made a man grow strange to the +great, because of a few vices (which he called by finer names), and +because religion made him own and respect the base, who were of the same +religious company; "and is not this," said he, "a shame?" + +CHRIS. And what did you say to him? + +FAITH. Say? I could not tell what to say at first. Yea, he put me so to +it that my blood came up in my face; even this Shame fetched it up, and +had almost beat me quite off. But at last I began to consider that that +which is highly esteemed among men is had in abomination with God. And I +thought again, This Shame tells me what men are, but it tells me nothing +what God, or the Word of God is. And I thought, moreover, that at the +day of doom we shall not be doomed to death or life according to the +spirits of the world, but according to the wisdom and law of the +Highest. Therefore, thought I, what God says is best--is best, though +all the men in the world are against it. Seeing, then, that God prefers +His religion; seeing God prefers a tender conscience; seeing they that +make themselves fools for the kingdom of heaven are wisest, and that the +poor man that loveth Christ is richer than the greatest man in the world +that hates Him; Shame, depart! thou art an enemy to my salvation. Shall +I listen to thee against my sovereign Lord? how, then, shall I look Him +in the face at His coming? Should I now be ashamed of His way and +servants how can I expect the blessing? But, indeed, this Shame was a +bold villain: I could scarce shake him out of my company; yea, he would +be haunting of me, and continually whispering me in the ear with some +one or other of the weak things that attend religion. But at last I told +him it was in vain to attempt further in this business; for those things +that he despised, in those did I see most glory; and so, at last, I got +past this persistent one. And when I had shaken him off, then I began to +sing, + + "The trials that those men do meet withal, + That are obedient to the heavenly call, + Are manifold, and suited to the flesh, + And come, and come, and come again afresh; + That now, or some time else, we by them may + Be taken, overcome, and cast away. + Oh, let the pilgrims, let the pilgrims then, + Be vigilant and quit themselves like men!" + +CHRIS. I am glad, my brother, that thou didst withstand this villain so +bravely: for of all, as thou sayest, I think he has the wrong name; for +he is so bold as to follow us in the streets, and to attempt to put us +to shame before all men; that is, to make us ashamed of that which is +good. But, if he was not himself bold, he would never attempt to do as +he does. But let us still resist him; for, notwithstanding all his bold +words, he promoteth the fool, and none else. "The wise shall inherit +glory," said Solomon; "but shame shall be the promotion of fools." + +FAITH. I think we must cry to Him for help against Shame who would have +us to be valiant for truth upon the earth. + +CHRIS. You say true. But did you meet nobody else in that valley? + +FAITH. No, not I; for I had sunshine all the rest of the way through +that, and also through the Valley of the Shadow of Death. + +CHRIS. It was well for you! I am sure it fared far otherwise with me. I +had for a long season, as soon almost as I entered into that valley, a +dreadful combat with that foul fiend Apollyon; yea, I thought verily he +would have killed me, especially when he got me down, and crushed me +under him, as if he would have crushed me to pieces. For, as he threw +me, my sword flew out of my hand; nay, he told me he was sure of me; and +I cried to God, and He heard me, and delivered me out of all my +troubles. Then I entered into the Valley of the Shadow of Death, and had +no light for almost half the way through it. I thought I should have +been killed there over and over: but at last day broke, and the sun +rose, and I went through that which was behind with far more ease and +quiet. + +[Sidenote: TALKATIVE OVERTAKEN] + +Moreover, I saw in my dream that, as they went on, Faithful, as he +chanced to look on one side, saw a man whose name is Talkative walking +at a distance beside them; for in this place there was room enough for +them all to walk. He was a tall man, and something better looking at a +distance than near at hand. To this man Faithful spoke himself in this +manner: + +FAITH. Friend, whither away? Are you going to the heavenly country? + +TALK. I am going to that same place. + +FAITH. That is well; then I hope we may have your good company. + +TALK. With a very good will, will I be your companion. + +FAITH. Come on, then, and let us go together, and let us spend our time +in talking of things that are profitable. + +TALK. To talk of things that are good, to me is very acceptable, with +you or with any other; and I am glad that I have met with those that +incline to so good a work; for, to speak the truth, there are but few +who care thus to spend their time as they are in their travels, but +choose much rather to be speaking of things to no profit; and this has +been a trouble to me. + +FAITH. That is, indeed, a thing to be lamented; for what things so +worthy of the use of the tongue and mouth of men on earth, as are the +things of the God of heaven? + +TALK. I like you wonderfully well, for your saying is full of the truth; +and I will add, What thing is so pleasant, and what so profitable, as to +talk of the things of God? What things so pleasant? that is, if a man +hath any delight in things that are wonderful. For instance, if a man +doth delight to talk of the history or the mystery of things, or if a +man doth love to talk of miracles, wonders, or signs, where shall he +find things written so delightful, or so sweetly penned, as in the Holy +Scripture? + +FAITH. That's true; but to be profited by such things in our talk should +be that which we design. + +[Sidenote: TALKATIVE SELF-DECEIVED] + +TALK. That is it that I said; for to talk of such things is most +profitable; for, by so doing, a man may get knowledge of many things; as +of the folly of earthly things, and the benefit of things above. +Besides, by this a man may learn what it is to turn from sin, to +believe, to pray, to suffer, or the like; by this, also, a man may learn +what are the great promises and comforts of the Gospel, to his own +enjoyment. Further, by this a man may learn to answer false opinions, to +prove the truth, and also to teach the ignorant. + +FAITH. All this is true; and glad am I to hear these things from you. + +TALK. Alas! the want of this is the cause that so few understand the +need of faith, and the necessity of a work of grace in their soul, in +order to eternal life. + +FAITH. But, by your leave, heavenly knowledge of these is the gift of +God; no man attaineth to them by human working, or only by the talk of +them. + +TALK. All that I know very well, for a man can receive nothing except it +be given him from heaven; I could give you a hundred scriptures for the +confirmation of this. + +FAITH. "Well, then," said Faithful, "what is that one thing that we +shall at this time found our talk upon?" + +TALK. What you will. I will talk of things heavenly or things earthly; +things in life or things in the gospel; things sacred or things worldly; +things past or things to come; things foreign or things at home; things +necessary or things accidental, provided that all be done to our profit. + +FAITH. Now did Faithful begin to wonder; and, stepping to Christian (for +he walked all this while by himself), he said to him, but softly, "What +a brave companion have we got! Surely this man will make a very +excellent pilgrim." + +[Sidenote: FAITHFUL DISPUTES TALKATIVE] + +CHRIS. At this Christian modestly smiled, and said, "This man with whom +you are so taken will deceive with this tongue of his twenty of them +that know him not." + +FAITH. Do you know him, then? + +CHRIS. Know him? Yes, better than he knows himself. + +FAITH. Pray what is he? + +CHRIS. His name is Talkative; he dwelleth in our town. I wonder that you +should be a stranger to him: only I consider that our town is large. + +FAITH. Whose son is he? and whereabout doth he dwell? + +CHRIS. He is the son of one Say-well. He dwelt in Prating Row, and is +known to all that are acquainted with him by the name of Talkative of +Prating Row; and notwithstanding his fine tongue, he is but a sorry +fellow. + +FAITH. Well, he seems to be a very pretty man. + +CHRIS. That is, to them that have not a thorough acquaintance with him, +for he is best abroad; near home he is ugly enough. Your saying that he +is a pretty man brings to my mind what I have observed in the work of +the painter, whose pictures show best at a distance, but very near more +unpleasing. + +FAITH. But I am ready to think you do but jest, because you smiled. + +CHRIS. God forbid that I should jest (though I smiled) in this matter, +or that I should accuse any falsely. I will give you a further discovery +of him. This man is for any company, and for any talk. As he talketh now +with you, so will he talk when he is on the ale-bench; and the more +drink he hath in his crown, the more of these things he hath in his +mouth. Religion hath no place in his heart, or house, or conversation: +all he hath lieth in his tongue, and his religion is to make a noise +therewith. + +FAITH. Say you so? Then am I in this man greatly deceived. + +CHRIS. Deceived! you may be sure of it. Remember the proverb, "They say, +and do not;" but the kingdom of God is not in word, but in power. He +talketh of prayer, of turning to God, of faith, and of the new birth; +but he knows but only to talk of them. I have been in his family, and +have seen him both at home and abroad, and I know what I say of him is +the truth. His house is as empty of religion as the white of an egg is +of savor. There is there neither prayer nor sign of turning from sin; +yea, the brute, in his kind, serves God far better than he. He is the +very stain, reproach, and shame of religion to all that know him. It can +hardly have a good word in all that end of the town where he dwells, +through him. Thus say the common people that know him: "A saint abroad, +and a devil at home." His poor family finds it so: he is such a +fault-finder, such a railer at, and so unreasonable with his servants, +that they neither know how to do for or speak to him. Men that have any +dealings with him say, it is better to deal with a Turk than with him, +for fairer dealing they shall have at their hands. This Talkative, if it +be possible, will go beyond them, cheat, beguile, and overreach them. +Besides, he brings up his sons to follow his steps; and, if he findeth +in any of them a foolish timorousness (for so he calls the first +appearance of a tender conscience), he calls them fools and blockheads, +and by no means will employ them in much, or speak to their commendation +before others. For my part, I am of opinion that he has, by his wicked +life, caused many to stumble and fall, and will be, if God prevent not, +the ruin of many more. + +FAITH. Well, my brother, I am bound to believe you, not only because you +say you know him, but also because like a Christian you make your +reports of men. For I cannot think you speak these things of ill-will, +but because it is even so as you say. + +CHRIS. Had I known him no more than you, I might, perhaps, have thought +of him as at first you did; yea, had he received this report only from +those that are enemies to religion, I should have thought it had been a +slander, a lot that often falls from bad men's mouths upon good men's +names and professions. But all these things, yea, and a great many more +as bad, of my own knowledge I can prove him guilty of. Besides, good men +are ashamed of him: they can neither call him brother nor friend; the +very naming of him among them makes them blush, if they know him. + +FAITH. Well, I see that saying and doing are two things, and hereafter I +shall better observe the difference between them. + +CHRIS. They are two things, indeed, and are as diverse as are the soul +and the body; for, as the body without the soul is but a dead carcase, +so _saying_, if it be alone, is but a dead carcase also. The soul of +religion is the practical part. "Pure religion and undefiled before God +and the Father is this, to visit the fatherless and the widows in their +affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world." This, +Talkative is not aware of: he thinks that hearing and saying will make a +good Christian, and thus he deceiveth his own soul. Hearing is but as +the sowing of the seed; talking is not sufficient to prove that fruit is +indeed in the heart and life. And let us assure ourselves that, at the +day of doom, men shall be judged according to their fruits. + +FAITH. Well, I was not so fond of his company at first, but I am as sick +of it now. What shall we do to be rid of him? + +CHRIS. Take my advice, and do as I bid you, and you shall find that he +will soon be sick of your company too, except God shall touch his heart +and turn it. + +FAITH. What would you have me to do? + +CHRIS. Why, go to him, and enter into some serious conversation about +the power of religion and ask him plainly (when he has approved of it, +for that he will) whether this thing be set up in his heart, house or +conduct. + +FAITH. Then Faithful stepped forward again, and said to Talkative, +"Come, what cheer? How is it now?" + +TALK. Thank you, well: I thought we should have had a great deal of talk +by this time. + +FAITH. Well, if you will, we will fall to it now; and, since you left it +with me to state the question, let it be this: How doth the saving grace +of God show itself when it is in the heart of man? + +TALK. I perceive, then, that our talk must be about the power of things. +Well, it is a very good question, and I shall be willing to answer you. +And take my answer in brief, thus. First, where the grace of God is in +the heart, it causeth there a great outcry against sin. Secondly,-- + +FAITH. Nay, hold; let us consider of one at once. I think you should +rather say, it shows itself by inclining the soul to hate its sin. + +TALK. Why, what difference is there between crying out against and +hating sin? + +FAITH. Oh! a great deal. A man may cry out against sin in order to +appear good; but he cannot hate it except by a real dislike for it. I +have heard many cry out against sin in the pulpit, who yet can abide it +well enough in the heart, house, and life. Some cry out against sin, +even as the mother cries out against her child in her lap, when she +calleth it a naughty girl, and then falls to hugging and kissing it. + +TALK. You are trying to catch me, I perceive. + +FAITH. No, not I; I am only for setting things right. But what is the +second thing whereby you would prove a discovery of a work of God in the +heart? + +TALK. Great knowledge of hard things in the Bible. + +[Sidenote: TALKATIVE PARTS COMPANY] + +FAITH. This sign should have been first; but, first or last, it is also +false; for knowledge, great knowledge, may be obtained in the mysteries +of the Gospel, and yet no work of grace in the soul. Yea, if a man have +all knowledge, he may yet be nothing, and so, consequently, be no child +of God. When Christ said, "Do ye know all these things?" and the +disciples had answered, "Yes," He added, "Blessed are ye if ye do them." +He doth not lay the blessing in the knowledge of them, but in the doing +of them. For there is a knowledge that is not attended with doing: "He +that knoweth his master's will, and doeth it not." A man may know like +an angel, and yet be no Christian; therefore your sign of it is not +true. Indeed, to know, is a thing that pleaseth talkers and boasters; +but to do is that which pleaseth God. + +TALK. You are trying to catch me again: this is not profitable. + +FAITH. Well, if you please, name another sign how this work of grace +showeth itself where it is. + +TALK. Not I; for I see we shall not agree. + +FAITH. Well, if you will not, will you give me leave to do it? + +TALK. You may say what you please. + +FAITH. God's work in the soul showeth itself either to him that hath it +or to standers by. To him that has it, it is shown by making him see and +feel his own sins. To others who are standing by it is shown by his +life, a life of doing right in the sight of God. And now, sir, as to +this brief account of the work of grace, and also the showing of it, if +you have aught to object, object; if not, then give me leave to ask you +a second question. + +TALK. Nay, my part is not now to object, but to hear; let me, therefore, +have your second question. + +FAITH. It is this: Have you felt your own sins, and have you turned from +them? And do your life and conduct show it the same? Or is your religion +in word or in tongue, and not in deed and truth? Pray, if you incline to +answer me in this, say no more than you know the God above will say +Amen to, and also nothing but what your conscience can approve you in; +for not he that commendeth himself is approved, but whom the Lord +commendeth. Besides, to say I am thus and thus, when my conduct and all +my neighbors tell me I lie, is great wickedness. + +TALK. Then Talkative at first began to blush; but, recovering himself, +thus he replied: "This kind of discourse I did not expect; nor am I +disposed to give an answer to such questions, because I count not myself +bound thereto, unless you take upon you to be a questioner; and though +you should do so, yet I may refuse to make you my judge. But, I pray, +will you tell me why you ask me such questions?" + +FAITH. Because I saw you forward to talk, and because I knew not that +you had aught else but notion. Besides, to tell you all the truth, I +have heard of you that you are a man whose religion lies in talk, and +that your life gives this your mouth-profession the lie. They say you +are a spot among Christians, and that religion fareth the worse for your +ungodly conduct; that some already have stumbled at your wicked ways, +and that more are in danger of being destroyed thereby: your religion, +and an alehouse, and greed for gain, and uncleanness, and swearing, and +lying, and vain company-keeping, etc., will stand together. You are a +shame to all who are members of the church. + +TALK. Since you are ready to take up reports, and to judge so rashly as +you do, I cannot but conclude you are some peevish or cross man, not fit +to be talked with; and so adieu. + +CHRIS. Then came up Christian, and said to his brother, "I told you how +it would happen; your words and his heart could not agree. He had rather +leave your company than reform his life. But he is gone, as I said: let +him go; the loss is no man's but his own: he has saved us the trouble of +going from him; for he continuing (as I suppose he will do) as he is, he +would have been but a blot in our company. Besides, the Apostle says, +'From such withdraw thyself.'" + +FAITH. But I am glad we had this little talk with him; it may happen +that he will think of it again: however, I have dealt plainly with him, +and so am clear of his blood, if he perisheth. + +CHRIS. You did well to talk so plainly to him as you did. There is but +little of this faithful dealing with men now-a-days; and that makes +religion to be despised by so many; for they are these talkative fools, +whose religion is only in word, and are vile and vain in their life, +that, being so much admitted into the fellowship of the godly, do puzzle +the world, blemish Christianity, and grieve the sincere. I wish that all +men would deal with such as you have done; then should they either be +made more suitable to religion, or the company of saints would be too +hot for them. + +FAITH. Then did Faithful say, + + "How Talkative at first lifts up his plumes! + How bravely doth he speak! How he presumes + To drive down all before him! But so soon + As Faithful talks of heart-work, like the moon + That's past the full, into the wane he goes; + And so will all but he who heart-work knows." + +Thus they went on, talking of what they had seen by the way, and so made +that way easy, which would otherwise, no doubt, have been tedious to +them; for now they went through a wilderness. + + + + +CHAPTER VI. + + +Now, when they were got almost quite out of this wilderness, Faithful +chanced to cast his eye back, and espied one coming after him, and he +knew him. "Oh!" said Faithful to his brother, "who comes yonder?" Then +Christian looked, and said, "It is my good friend Evangelist." "Ay, and +my good friend, too," said Faithful; "for it was he that set me the way +to the gate." Now was Evangelist come up unto them, and thus saluted +them: + +EVAN. Peace be with you, dearly beloved, and peace be to your helpers. + +CHRIS. Welcome, welcome, my good Evangelist: the sight of thy face +brings to my thought thy former kindness and unwearied laboring for my +eternal good. + +FAITH. "And a thousand times welcome," said good Faithful: "thy company, +O sweet Evangelist, how desirable is it to us poor pilgrims!" + +EVAN. Then said Evangelist, "How hath it fared with you, my friends, +since the time of our last parting? What have you met with, and how have +you behaved yourselves?" + +Then Christian and Faithful told him of all things that had happened to +them in the way; and how, and with what difficulty, they had arrived to +that place. + +EVAN. "Right glad am I," said Evangelist, "not that you met with trials, +but that you have been victors, and for that you have, notwithstanding +many weaknesses, continued in the way to this very day. I say, right +glad am I of this thing, and that for my own sake and yours. I have +sowed, and you have reaped; and the day is coming when 'both he that +sowed and they that reaped shall rejoice together;' that is, if you +faint not. The crown is before you, and it is an uncorruptible one: so +run that you may obtain it. Some there be that set out for this crown, +and after they have gone far for it, another comes in and takes it from +them: 'Hold fast, therefore, that you have; let no man take your +crown.'" + +Then Christian thanked him for his words, but told him withal that they +would have him speak further to them, for their help the rest of the +way; and the rather, for that they well knew that he was a prophet, and +could tell them of things that might happen unto them, and also how they +might resist and overcome them. To which request Faithful also +consented. So Evangelist began as followeth: + +[Sidenote: EVANGELIST EXHORTS CHRISTIAN] + +EVAN. My sons, you have heard, in the words of the truth of the Gospel, +that you must "through many trials enter into the kingdom of heaven;" +and again, that "in every city bonds and afflictions await you;" and +therefore you cannot expect that you should go long on your pilgrimage +without them in some sort or other. You have found something of the +truth of these words upon you already, and more will immediately follow; +for now, as you see, you are almost out of this wilderness, and +therefore you will soon come into a town that you will by-and-by see +before you; and in that town you will be hardly beset with enemies who +will strain hard but they will kill you; and be you sure that one or +both of you must seal the truth which you hold with blood: but be you +faithful unto death, and the King will give you a crown of life. He that +shall die there, although his death will be unnatural, and his pain, +perhaps, great, he will yet have the better of his fellow; not only +because he will be arrived at the Celestial City soonest, but because he +will escape many miseries that the other will meet with in the rest of +his journey. But when you are come to the town, and shall find fulfilled +what I have here related, then remember your friend, and quit yourselves +like men, and commit the keeping of your souls to God in well-doing, as +unto a faithful Creator. + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS AT VANITY FAIR] + +Then I saw in my dream, that, when they were got out of the wilderness, +they presently saw a town before them, and the name of that town is +Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair. It is +kept all the year long. It beareth the name of Vanity Fair, because the +town where it is kept is lighter than vanity, and also because all that +is there sold, or that cometh thither, is vanity; as is the saying of +the Wise, "All that cometh is vanity." + +This is no newly begun business, but a thing of ancient standing. I will +show you the original of it. + +Almost five thousand years ago, there were pilgrims walking to the +Celestial City, as these two honest persons are; and Beelzebub, +Apollyon, and Legion, with their companions, perceiving by the path that +the pilgrims made that their way to the city lay through this town of +Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a fair wherein should be +sold all sorts of vanity, and that it should last all the year long. +Therefore at this fair are all such things sold as houses, lands, +trades, places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, lusts, +pleasures, and delights of all sorts, as wives, husbands, children, +masters, servants, lives, blood, bodies, souls, silver, gold, pearls, +precious stones, and what not. + +And, moreover, at this fair there are at all times to be seen jugglings, +cheats, games, plays, fools, apes, knaves, and rogues, and that of every +kind. + +Here are to be seen, too, and that for nothing, thefts, murders, false +swearers, and that of a blood-red color. + +And, as in other fairs of less moment there are several rows and streets +under their proper names, where such and such wares are vended; so here +likewise you have the proper places, rows, streets (namely, countries +and kingdoms), where the wares of this fair are soonest to be found. +Here are the Britain Row, the French Row, the Italian Row, the Spanish +Row, the German Row, where several sorts of vanities are to be sold. +But, as in other fairs some one commodity is as the chief of all the +fair, so the ware of Rome and her goods are greatly promoted in this +fair; only our English nation, with some others, have taken dislike +thereat. + +Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just through this +town where this lusty fair is kept; and he that would go to the city, +and yet not go through this town, "must needs go out of the world." The +Prince of princes Himself, when here, went through this town to His own +country, and that upon a fair day too; yea, and as I think, it was +Beelzebub, the chief lord of this fair, that invited Him to buy of his +vanities; yea, would have made Him lord of the fair, would He but have +done him reverence as He went through the town. Yea, because He was such +a person of honor, Beelzebub had Him from street to street, and showed +Him all the kingdoms of the world in a little time, that he might, if +possible, allure that Blessed One to ask for and buy some of his +vanities; but He had no mind to the merchandise, and therefore left the +town without laying out so much as one farthing upon these vanities. +This fair, therefore, is an ancient thing of long-standing, and a very +great fair. + +Now, these pilgrims, as I said, must needs go through this fair. Well, +so they did; but, behold, even as they entered into the fair, all the +people in the fair were moved and the town itself, as it were, in a +hubbub about them, and that for several reasons; for, + +First,--The pilgrims were clothed with such kind of garments as were +different from the raiment of any that traded in that fair. The people, +therefore, of the fair, made a great gazing upon them: some said they +were fools; some, they were bedlams; and some, they were outlandish men. + +Secondly,--And, as they wondered at their apparel, so they did likewise +at their speech; for few could understand what they said. They naturally +spoke the language of Canaan; but they that kept the fair were the men +of this world. So that from one end of the fair to the other, they +seemed barbarians each to the other. + +Thirdly,--But that which did not a little amuse the store-keepers was, +that these pilgrims set very light by all their wares. They cared not so +much as to look upon them; and if they called upon them to buy, they +would put their fingers in their ears, and cry, "Turn away mine eyes +from beholding vanity," and look upwards, signifying that their trade +and traffic were in heaven. + +One chanced, mockingly, beholding the actions of the men, to say unto +them, "What will you buy?" But they, looking gravely upon him, said, "We +buy the truth." At that there was an occasion taken to despise the men +the more: some mocking, some taunting, some speaking reproachfully, and +some calling on others to smite them. At last things came to a hubbub +and great stir in the fair, insomuch that all order was confounded. Now +was word presently brought to the great one of the fair, who quickly +came down, and deputed some of his most trusty friends to take these men +for trial about whom the fair was almost overturned. So the men were +brought to trial, and they that sat upon them asked them whence they +came, whither they went, and what they did there in such an unusual +garb. The men told them that they were pilgrims and strangers in the +world, and that they were going to their own country, which was the +heavenly Jerusalem, and that they had given no occasion to the men of +the town, nor yet to the merchants, thus to abuse them, and to hinder +them in their journey, except it was for that, when one asked them what +they would buy, they said they would buy the truth. But they that were +appointed to examine them did not believe them to be any other than +crazy people and mad, or else such as came to put all things into a +confusion in the fair. Therefore they took them and beat them, and +besmeared them with dirt, and then put them into the cage, that they +might be made a spectacle to all the men of the fair. There, therefore, +they lay for some time, and were made the objects of any man's sport, or +malice, or revenge; the great one of the fair laughing still at all that +befell them. But, the men being patient, and "not rendering railing for +railing, but contrariwise blessing," and giving good words for bad, and +kindness for injuries done, some men in the fair that were more +observing and less opposed than the rest, began to check and blame the +baser sort for their continual abuses done by them to the men. They, +therefore, in an angry manner, let fly at them again, counting them as +bad as the men in the cage, and telling them that they seemed to be in +league with them, and should be made partakers of their misfortunes. The +others replied, that, for aught they could see, the men were quiet and +sober, and intended nobody any harm; and that there were many that +traded in their fair that were more worthy to be put into the cage, yea, +and pillory too, than were the men that they had abused. Thus, after +divers words had passed on both sides (the men behaving themselves all +the while very wisely and soberly before them,) they fell to some blows, +and did harm to one another. Then were these two poor men brought before +the court again, and there charged as being guilty of the late hubbub +that had been in the fair. So they beat them pitifully, and hanged irons +upon them, and led them in chains up and down the fair, for an example +and terror to others, lest any should speak in their behalf, or join +themselves unto them. But Christian and Faithful behaved themselves yet +more wisely, and received the wrongs and shame that were cast upon them +with so much meekness and patience, that it won to their side (though +but few in comparison of the rest) several of the men in the fair. This +put the other party in yet a greater rage, insomuch that they resolved +upon the death of these two men. Wherefore they threatened that neither +cage nor irons should serve their turn, but that they should die for the +abuse they had done, and for deceiving the men of the fair. + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS IN STOCKS] + +Then were they remanded to the cage again, until further order should be +taken with them. So they put them in, and made their feet fast in the +stocks. + +Here, therefore, they called again to mind what they had heard from +their faithful friend Evangelist, and were more confirmed in their way +and sufferings, by what he told them would happen to them. They also now +comforted each other, that whose lot it was to suffer, even he should +have the best of it; therefore each man secretly wished he might have +that privilege. But, committing themselves to the all-wise disposal of +Him that ruleth all things, with much content they abode in the +condition in which they were, until they should be otherwise disposed +of. + +[Sidenote: LORD HATE-GOOD] + +Then a convenient time being appointed, they brought them forth to their +trial, in order to their being condemned. When the time was come, they +were brought before their enemies, and placed on trial. The judge's name +was Lord Hate-good: the charges against both were one and the same in +substance, though somewhat varying in form; the contents whereof were +this: "That they were enemies to and disturbers of their trade; that +they had made riots and divisions in the town, and had won a party to +their own most dangerous opinions, in contempt of the law of their +prince." + +Then Faithful began to answer, that he had only set himself against that +which had set itself against Him that is higher than the highest. "And," +said he, "as for disturbances, I make none, being myself a man of peace; +the parties that were won to us, were won by beholding our truth and +innocence, and they are only turned from the worse to the better. And, +as to the king you talk of, since he is Beelzebub, the enemy of our +Lord, I defy him and all his angels." + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS ON TRIAL] + +Then it was made known that they that had aught to say for their lord +the king against the prisoner at the bar should forthwith appear and +give in their evidence. So there came in three witnesses; to wit, Envy, +Superstition, and Pickthank. They were then asked if they knew the +prisoner at the bar, and what they had to say for their lord the king +against him. + +Then stood forth Envy, and said to this effect: "My lord, I have known +this man a long time, and will attest upon my oath before this honorable +bench that he is--" + +JUDGE. Hold! Give him his oath. + +ENVY. So they sware him. Then said he, "My lord, this man, +notwithstanding his name, Faithful is one of the vilest men in our +country. He cares for neither prince nor people, law nor custom, but +doth all that he can to possess all men with certain of his disloyal +notions, which he in the general calls principles of faith and holiness. +And in particular, I heard him once myself affirm that Christianity and +the customs of our town of Vanity were opposite, and could not be +reconciled. By which saying, my lord, he doth at once not only condemn +all our laudable doings, but us in the doing of them." + +JUDGE. Then did the judge say to him, "Hast thou any more to say?" + +ENVY. My lord, I could say much more, only I would not be tiresome to +the court. Yet, if need be, when the other gentlemen have given in their +evidence, rather than anything shall be wanting that will dispatch him, +I will have more to speak against him. So he was bid stand by. + +Then they called Superstition, and bade him look upon the prisoner. They +also asked what he could say for their lord the king against him. Then +they sware him: so he began: + +SUPER. My lord, I have no great acquaintance with this man, nor do I +desire to have further knowledge of him. However, this I know, that he +is a very pestilent fellow, from some discourse the other day that I had +with him in this town; for then, talking with him, I heard him say that +our religion was naught, and such by which a man could by no means +please God. Which saying of his, my lord, your lordship very well knows +what necessarily thence will follow; to wit, that we still do worship in +vain, are yet in our sins, and finally shall be destroyed: and this is +that which I have to say. + +Then was Pickthank sworn, and bid say what he knew, in behalf of their +lord the king, against the prisoner at the bar. + +PICK. My lord, and you gentlemen all, this fellow I have known a long +time, and have heard him speak things that ought not to be spoken, for +he hath railed on our noble prince Beelzebub, and hath spoken +contemptuously of his honorable friends, whose names are, the Lord +Old-man, the Lord Carnal-Delight, the Lord Luxurious, the Lord +Desire-of-Vain-Glory, my old Lord Lust, Sir Having Greedy, with all the +rest of our nobility and he hath said, moreover, that, if all men were +of his mind, if possible there is not one of these noblemen should have +any longer a being in this town. Besides, he has not been afraid to rail +on you, my lord, who are now appointed to be his judge, calling you an +ungodly villain, with many other such-like abusive terms, with which he +hath bespattered most of the gentry of our town. + +JUDGE. When this Pickthank had told his tale, the judge directed his +speech to the prisoner at the bar, saying, "Thou runagate, heretic, and +traitor! hast thou heard what these honest gentlemen have witnessed +against thee?" + +FAITH. May I speak a few words in my own defense? + +JUDGE. Sirrah, sirrah, thou deservest to live no longer, but to be slain +immediately upon the place; yet, that all men may see our gentleness +towards thee, let us hear what thou, vile runagate, hast to say. + +FAITH. 1. I say, then, in answer to what Mr. Envy hath spoken, I have +never said aught but this, that what rule, or laws, or custom, or people +were flat against the Word of God, are opposite to Christianity. If I +have said amiss in this, convince me of my error, and I am ready here +before you to take back my words. + +2. As to the second, to wit, Mr. Superstition and his charge against me, +I said only this, that in the worship of God there is required true +faith. But there can be no true faith without a knowledge of the will of +God. Therefore, whatever is thrust into the worship of God that is not +agreeable to the word of God will not profit to eternal life. + +3. As to what Mr. Pickthank hath said, I say (avoiding terms, as that I +am said to rail, and the like), that the prince of this town, with all +the rabblement his attendants, by this gentleman named, are more fit for +a being in hell than in this town and country. And so the Lord have +mercy upon me! + +Then the judge called to the jury (who all this while stood by to hear +and observe), "Gentlemen of the jury, you see this man about whom so +great an uproar hath been made in this town; you have also heard what +these worthy gentlemen have witnessed against him; also you have heard +his reply and confession. It lieth now in your breast to hang him or to +save his life; but yet I think meet to instruct you into our law. + +"There was an act made in the days of Pharaoh, the great servant to our +prince, that, lest those of a contrary religion should multiply and grow +too strong for him, their males should be thrown into the river. There +was also an act made in the days of Nebuchadnezzar the Great, another of +his servants, that whoever would not fall down and worship his golden +image should be thrown into a fiery furnace. There was also an act made +in the days of Darius, that whoso for some time called upon any god but +him should be cast into the lions' den. Now, the substance of these laws +this rebel has broken, not only in thought (which is not to be borne,) +but also in word and deed, which must, therefore, needs be intolerable. +You see he disputeth against our religion; and for the reason that he +hath confessed he deserveth to die the death." + +[Sidenote: FAITHFUL DIES AT THE STAKE] + +Then went the jury out, whose names were Mr. Blind-man, Mr. No-good, Mr. +Malice, Mr. Love-lust, Mr. Live-loose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. +Enmity, Mr. Liar, Mr. Cruelty, Mr. Hate-light, and Mr. Implacable, who +every one gave in his private voice against him among themselves, and +afterwards unanimously concluded to bring him in guilty before the +Judge. And first among themselves, Mr. Blind-man, the foreman, said, "I +see clearly that this man is a heretic." Then said Mr. No-good, "Away +with such a fellow from the earth!" "Ay," said Mr. Malice, "for I hate +the very look of him." Then said Mr. Love-lust, "I could never endure +him." "Nor I," said Mr. Live-loose; "for he would always be condemning +my way." "Hang him, hang him!" said Mr. Heady. "A sorry scrub," said Mr. +High-mind. "My heart riseth against him," said Mr. Enmity. "He is a +rogue," said Mr. Liar. "Hanging is too good for him," said Mr. Cruelty. +"Let us dispatch him out of the way," said Mr. Hate-light. Then said Mr. +Implacable, "Might I have all the world given to me, I could not be +reconciled to him; therefore let us forthwith bring him in guilty of +death." + +And so they did: therefore he was presently condemned to be had from the +place where he was, to the place from whence he came, and there to be +put to the most cruel death that could be invented. + +They therefore brought him out, to do with him according to their law; +and first they scourged him, then they buffeted him, then they lanced +his flesh with knives; after that they stoned him with stones, then +pricked him with their swords, and, last of all, they burned him to +ashes at the stake. Thus came Faithful to his end. + +Now, I saw that there stood behind the multitude a chariot and a couple +of horses waiting for Faithful, who (so soon as his enemies had slain +him) was taken up into it, and straightway was carried up through the +clouds with sound of trumpet the nearest way to the Celestial Gate. But +as for Christian, he had some delay, and was sent back to prison; so he +there remained for a space. But He who overrules all things, having the +power of their rage in his own hand, so wrought it about that Christian +for that time escaped them, and went his way. And as he went, he sang, +saying, + + "Well, Faithful, thou hast faithfully professed + Unto thy Lord, with whom thou shalt be blest, + When faithless ones, with all their vain delights, + Are crying out under their hellish plights. + Sing, Faithful, sing, and let thy name survive; + For though they killed thee, thou art yet alive." + +[Illustration: Hopeful and Christian. + Page 120] + + + + +CHAPTER VII. + + +Now, I saw in my dream, that Christian went forth not alone; for there +was one whose name was Hopeful (being so made by looking upon Christian +and Faithful in their words and behavior in their sufferings at the +fair,) who joined himself unto him, and, entering into a brotherly +pledge told him that he would be his companion. Thus one died to show +faithfulness to the truth, and another rises out of his ashes to be a +companion with Christian in his pilgrimage. This Hopeful also told +Christian that there were many more of the men in the fair that would +take their time and follow after. + +[Sidenote: BY-ENDS OF FAIR-SPEECH] + +So I saw that, quickly after they were got out of the fair, they +overtook one that was going before them, whose name was By-ends; so they +said to him, "What countryman, sir? and how far go you this way?" He +told them that he came from the town of Fair-speech, and he was going to +the Celestial City; but told them not his name. + +CHRIS. "From Fair-speech! are there any that be good live there?" + +BY. "Yes," said By-ends, "I hope." + +CHRIS. Pray, sir, what may I call you? + +BY. I am a stranger to you, and you to me: if you be going this way, I +shall be glad of your company; if not, I must be content. + +CHRIS. This town of Fair-speech, I have heard of it; and, as I remember, +they say it's a wealthy place. + +BY. Yes, I will assure you that it is; and I have very many rich kindred +there. + +CHRIS. Pray, who are your kindred there? if a man may be so bold. + +BY. Almost the whole town; but in particular my Lord Turnabout, my Lord +Timeserver, my Lord Fair-speech, from whose ancestors that town first +took its name; also Mr. Smooth-man, Mr. Facing-both-ways, Mr. Anything; +and the parson of our parish, Mr. Two-tongues, was my mother's own +brother by father's side; and to tell you the truth, I am become a +gentleman of good quality; yet my great-grandfather was but a waterman, +looking one way and rowing another, and I got most of my estate by the +same occupation. + +CHRIS. Are you a married man? + +BY. Yes, and my wife is a very virtuous woman, the daughter of a +virtuous woman; she was my Lady Feigning's daughter: therefore she came +of a very honorable family, and is arrived to such a pitch of breeding, +that she knows how to carry it to all, even to prince and peasant. 'Tis +true we somewhat differ in religion from those of the stricter sort, yet +but in two small points: First, we never strive against wind and tide; +secondly, we are always most zealous when Religion is well dressed and +goes in his silver slippers: we love much to walk with him in the +street if the sun shines and the people praise him. + +Then Christian stepped a little aside to his fellow Hopeful, saying, "It +runs in my mind that this is one By-ends, of Fair-speech; and if it be +he, we have as very a knave in our company as dwelleth in all these +parts." Then said Hopeful, "Ask him; methinks he should not be ashamed +of his name." So Christian came up with him again, and said, "Sir, you +talk as if you knew something more than all the world doth; and if I +take not my mark amiss, I deem I have half a guess of you. Is not your +name Mr. By-ends, of Fair-speech?" + +BY. This is not my name; but, indeed, it is a nickname that is given me +by some that cannot abide me, and I must be content to bear it as a +reproach, as other good men have borne theirs before me. + +CHRIS. But did you never give an occasion to men to call you by this +name? + +BY. Never, never! The worst that ever I did to give them an occasion to +give me this name was, that I had always the luck to jump in my judgment +with the present way of the times, whatever it was, and my chance was to +gain thereby. But if things are thus cast upon me, let me count them a +blessing; but let not the malicious load me therefore with reproach. + +CHRIS. I thought, indeed, that you were the man that I heard of; and, to +tell you what I think, I fear this name belongs to you more properly +than you are willing we should think it doth. + +BY. Well, if you will thus imagine, I cannot help it: you shall find me +a fair company-keeper if you still admit me your companion. + +CHRIS. If you will go with us, you must go against wind and tide; the +which, I perceive, is against your opinion; you must also own Religion +in his rags, as well as when in his silver slippers; and stand by him, +too, when bound in irons, as well as when he walketh the streets with +applause. + +BY. You must not impose or lord it over my faith; leave it to my +liberty, and let me go with you. + +CHRIS. Not a step farther, unless you will do in what I declare as we +do. + +BY. Then said By-ends, "I never desert my old principles, since they are +harmless and profitable. If I may not go with you, I must do as I did +before you overtook me, even go by myself, until some overtake me that +will be glad of my company." + +[Sidenote: MONEY-LOVE'S PRINCIPLES] + +Now, I saw in my dream that Christian and Hopeful forsook him, and kept +their distance before him; but one of them, looking back, saw three men +following Mr. By-ends; and, behold, as they came up with him, he made +them a very low bow, and they also gave him a compliment. The men's +names were Mr. Hold-the-world, Mr. Money-love, and Mr. Save-all; men +that Mr. By-ends had been formerly acquainted with; for in their +boyhood they were schoolfellows, and taught by one Mr. Gripe-man a +schoolmaster in Love-gain, which is a market town in the county of +Coveting, in the North. This schoolmaster taught them the art of +getting, either by violence, cheating, flattery, lying, or by putting on +a pretence of religion; and these four gentlemen had learned much of the +art of their master, so that they could each of them have kept such a +school themselves. + +Well, when they had, as I said, thus saluted each other, Mr. Money-love +said to Mr. By-ends, "Who are they upon the road before us?" for +Christian and Hopeful were yet within view. + +BY. They are a couple of far countrymen, that, after their mode, are +going on pilgrimage. + +MONEY. Alas! why did they not stay, that we might have had their good +company? for they, and we, and you, sir, I hope, are all going on +pilgrimage. + +BY. We are so, indeed; but the men before us are so rigid, and love so +much their own notions, and do also so lightly esteem the opinions of +others, that, let a man be ever so godly, yet, if he agrees not with +them in all things, they thrust him quite out of their company. + +SAVE. That is bad; but we read of some that are righteous overmuch, and +such men's rigidness makes them to judge and condemn all but themselves. +But I pray, what and how many were the things wherein you differed? + +BY. Why, they, after their headstrong manner conclude that it is their +duty to rush on their journey all weathers; and I am for waiting for +wind and tide. They are for taking the risk of all for God at a clap; +and I am for taking all advantages to secure my life and property. They +are for holding their notions, though all other men be against them; but +I am for religion in what and so far as, the times and my safety will +bear it. They are for Religion when in rags and contempt; but I am for +him when he walks in his golden slippers, in the sunshine, and with +applause. + +HOLD. Ay, and hold you there still, good Mr. By-ends; for, for my part, +I can count him but a fool, that, having the liberty to keep what he +has, shall be so unwise as to lose it. Let us be wise as serpents. It is +best to make hay while the sun shines. You see how the bee lieth still +all winter, and bestirs her only when she can have profit and pleasure. +God sends sometimes rain and sometimes sunshine; if they be such fools +to go through the rain, yet let us be content to take fair weather along +with us. For my part, I like that religion best that will stand with the +safety of God's good blessings unto us; for who can imagine, that is +ruled by his reason, since God has bestowed upon us the good things of +this life, but that He would have us keep them for His sake? Abraham and +Solomon grew rich in religion; and Job says that "a good man should lay +up gold as dust;" but he must not be such as the men before us, if they +be as you have described them. + +SAVE. I think that we are all agreed in this matter, and therefore there +needs no more words about it. + +MONEY. No, there needs no more words about this matter, indeed; for he +that believes neither Scripture nor reason (and you see we have both on +our side), neither knows his own liberty nor seeks his own safety. + +And so these four men, Mr. By-ends, Mr. Money-love, Mr. Save-all, and +old Mr. Hold-the-world, walked on together, while Christian and Hopeful +were far in advance. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN AND HOPEFUL] + +Then Christian and Hopeful went on till they came to a delicate plain, +called Ease, where they went with much content; but that plain was but +narrow, so they were quickly got over it. Now at the farther side of +that plain was a little hill, called Lucre,[4] and in that hill a silver +mine, which some of them that had formerly gone that way, because of the +rarity of it, had turned aside to see; but going too near the brink of +the pit, the ground, being deceitful under them, broke, and they were +slain; some also had been maimed there, and could not to their dying day +be their own men again. + + [4] An old word meaning "money" or "riches." + +Then I saw in my dream that a little off the road, over against the +silver mine, stood Demas (gentleman-like) to call to passengers to come +and see; who said to Christian and his fellow, "Ho! turn aside hither, +and I will show you a thing." + +CHRIS. What thing so deserving as to turn us out of the way? + +DEMAS. Here is a silver mine, and some digging in it for treasure; if +you will come, with a little pains you may richly provide for +yourselves. + +HOPE. Then said Hopeful, "Let us go see." + +CHRIS. "Not I," said Christian. "I have heard of this place before now, +and how many have there been slain; and besides, that treasure is a +snare to those that seek it, for it hindereth them in their pilgrimage." + +CHRIS. Then Christian called to Demas, saying, "Is not the place +dangerous? Hath it not hindered many in their pilgrimage?" + +DEMAS. Not very dangerous, except to those that are careless. But +withal, he blushed as he spake. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian to Hopeful, "Let us not stir a step, but +still keep on our way." + +HOPE. I will warrant you, when By-ends comes up, if he hath the same +invitation as we, he will turn in thither to see. + +CHRIS. No doubt thereof, for his principles lead him that way; and a +hundred to one but he dies there. + +DEMAS. Then Demas called out again, saying, "But will you not come over +and see?" + +CHRIS. Then Christian roundly answered, saying, "Demas, thou art an +enemy to the right ways of the Lord of this way, and hast been already +condemned for thine own turning aside, by one of His Majesty's judges; +and why seekest thou to have us condemned also? Besides, if we at all +turn aside, our Lord the King will certainly hear thereof, and will +there put us to shame where we should stand with boldness before Him." + +Demas cried again that he also was one of their company, a pilgrim like +themselves, and that, if they would tarry a little, he also himself +would walk with them. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What is thy name? Is it not the same by the +which I have called thee?" + +DEMAS. Yes, my name is Demas; I am the son of Abraham. + +CHRIS. I know you: Gehazi was your great-grandfather, and Judas your +father, and you have trod in their steps. It is but a devilish prank +that thou usest: thy father was hanged for a traitor, and thou deservest +no better reward. Assure thyself that when we come to the King, we will +tell him of this thy behavior. Thus they went their way. + +By this time By-ends and his companions were come again within sight, +and they at the first beck went over to Demas. Now, whether they fell +into the pit by looking over the brink thereof, or whether they went +down to dig, or whether they were smothered in the bottom by the damps +that commonly arise, of these things I am not certain; but this I +observed, that they never were seen again in the way. Then sang +Christian: + + "By-ends and silver Demas both agree; + One calls; the other runs, that he may be + A sharer in his lucre; so these two + Take up in this world, and no farther go." + +Now, I saw that just on the other side of the plain the pilgrims came to +a place where stood an old monument hard by the highway-side; at the +sight of which they were both concerned, because of the strangeness of +the form thereof; for it seemed to them as if it had been a woman +changed into the shape of a pillar. Here, therefore, they stood looking +and looking upon it, but could not for a time tell what they should make +thereof. At last Hopeful espied written above, upon the head thereof, a +writing in an unusual hand; but he, being no scholar, called to +Christian (for he was learned,) to see if he could pick out the meaning; +so he came, and after a little laying of letters together, he found the +same to be this, "Remember Lot's wife." So he read it to his fellow; +after which, they both concluded that that was the pillar of salt into +which Lot's wife was turned, for her looking back with a covetous heart +when she was going from Sodom. Which sudden and amazing sight gave them +occasion for speaking thus: + +CHRIS. Ah, my brother! this is a seasonable sight. It came just in time +to us after the invitation which Demas gave us to come over to view the +hill Lucre; and, had we gone over, as he desired us, and as thou wast +inclining to do, my brother, we had, for aught I know, been made +ourselves, like this woman, a spectacle for those that shall come after +to behold. + +HOPE. I am sorry that I was so foolish, and am made to wonder that I am +not now as Lot's wife; for wherein was the difference betwixt her sin +and mine? She only looked back, and I had a desire to go see. Let God's +goodness be praised; and let me be ashamed that ever such a thing should +be in mine heart. + +CHRIS. Let us take notice of what we see here, for our help for time to +come. This woman escaped one judgment, for she fell not by the +destruction of Sodom; yet she was destroyed by another, as we see: she +is turned into a pillar of salt. + +HOPE. What a mercy is it that neither thou, but especially I, am not +made myself this example! This gives reason to us to thank God, to fear +before Him and always to remember Lot's wife. + +[Sidenote: RIVER OF THE WATER OF LIFE] + +I saw, then, that they went on their way to a pleasant river, which +David the King called "the river of God," but John, "the river of the +water of life." Now their way lay just upon the bank of this river; +here, therefore, Christian and his companion walked with great delight; +they drank also of the water of the river, which was pleasant and +enlivening to their weary spirits. Besides, on the banks of this river +on either side were green trees that bore all manner of fruit; and the +leaves of the trees were good for medicine; with the fruit of these +trees they were also much delighted; and the leaves they ate to prevent +illness, especially such diseases that come to those that heat their +blood by travels. On either side of the river was also a meadow, +curiously beautified with lilies, and it was green all the year long. In +this meadow they lay down and slept, for here they might lie down +safely. When they awoke, they gathered again of the fruit of the trees +and drank again of the water of the river, and they lay down again to +sleep. This they did several days and nights. Then they sang: + + "Behold ye, how these crystal streams do glide, + To comfort pilgrims by the highway-side; + The meadows green, besides their fragrant smell, + Yield dainties for them; and he who can tell + What pleasant fruit, yea, leaves, these trees do yield, + Will soon sell all, that he may buy this field." + +So when they were disposed to go on (for they were not as yet at their +journey's end,) they ate and drank, and departed. + +Now, I beheld in my dream that they had not journeyed far, but the river +and the way for a time parted, at which they were not a little sorry; +yet they durst not go out of the way. Now the way from the river was +rough, and their feet tender by reason of their travels; so the souls of +the pilgrims were much discouraged because of the way. Wherefore, still +as they went on they wished for a better way. Now, a little before them +there was, on the left hand of the road, a meadow, and a stile to go +over into it, and that meadow is called By-path Meadow. Then said +Christian to his fellow, "If this meadow lieth along by our wayside, +let's go over it." Then he went to the stile to see; and behold, a path +lay along by the way on the other side of the fence. "It is according to +my wish," said Christian; "here is the easiest going. Come, good +Hopeful, and let us go over." + +HOPE. But how if this path should lead us out of the way? + +[Sidenote: VAIN-CONFIDENCE] + +CHRIS. "That is not likely," said the other. "Look, doth it not go along +by the wayside?" So Hopeful, being persuaded by his fellow, went after +him over the stile. When they were gone over, and were got into the +path, they found it very easy to their feet; and withal, they, looking +before them, espied a man walking as they did, and his name was +Vain-Confidence: so they called after him, and asked him whither that +way led. He said, "To the Celestial Gate." "Look," said Christian, "did +not I tell you so? By this you may see we are right." So they followed, +and he went before them. But, behold, the night came on, and it grew +very dark; so that they that were behind lost sight of him that went +before. He, therefore, that went before (Vain-Confidence by name) not +seeing the way before him, fell into a deep pit, which was on purpose +there made by the prince of those grounds to catch careless fools, +withal and was dashed in pieces with his fall. + +Now Christian and his fellow heard him fall. So they called to know the +matter; but there was none to answer, only they heard a groaning. Then +said Hopeful, "Where are we now?" Then was his fellow silent, as +mistrusting that he had led him out of the way; and now it began to +rain, and thunder, and lighten in a most dreadful manner, and the water +rose amain. + +Then Hopeful groaned in himself, saying, "Oh that I had kept on my way!" + +CHRIS. Who could have thought that this path should have led us out of +the way? + +HOPE. I was afraid on't at the very first, and therefore gave you that +gentle caution. I would have spoken plainer, but that you are older than +I. + +CHRIS. Good brother, be not offended. I am very sorry I have brought +thee out of the way, and that I have put thee into such great danger. +Pray, my brother, forgive me: I did not do it of any evil intent. + +HOPE. Be comforted, my brother, for I forgive thee, and believe, too, +that this shall be for our good. + +CHRIS. I am glad I have with me a merciful brother; but we must not +stand still: let us try to go back again. + +HOPE. But, good brother, let me go before. + +CHRIS. No, if you please; let me go first, that, if there be any +danger, I may be first therein, because by my means we are both gone out +of the way. + +HOPE. "No, you shall not go first; for your mind being troubled may lead +you out of the way again." Then for their encouragement they heard the +voice of one saying, "Let thine heart be towards the highway, even the +way that thou wentest; turn again." But by this time the waters were +greatly risen, by reason of which the way of going back was very +dangerous. (Then I thought that it is easier going out of the way when +we are in, than going in when we are out.) Yet they undertook to go +back; but it was so dark, and the flood so high, that, in their going +back, they had like to have been drowned nine or ten times. + +[Sidenote: GIANT DESPAIR] + +Neither could they, with all the skill they had, get again to the stile +that night. Wherefore, at last lighting under a little shelter, they sat +down there until daybreak; but, being weary, they fell asleep. Now, +there was, not far from the place where they lay, a castle, called +Doubting Castle the owner whereof was Giant Despair, and it was in his +grounds they now were sleeping; wherefore he, getting up in the morning +early, and walking up and down in his fields, caught Christian and +Hopeful asleep in his grounds. Then, with a grim and surly voice, he bid +them awake, and asked them whence they were, and what they did in his +grounds. They told him they were pilgrims, and that they had lost their +way. Then said the giant, "You have this night trespassed on me by +trampling in and lying on my grounds, and therefore you must go along +with me." So they were forced to go, because he was stronger than they. +They had also but little to say, for they knew themselves in fault. The +giant, therefore, drove them before him, and put them into his castle, +into a very dark dungeon, nasty and smelling vilely to the spirits of +these two men. Here, then, they lay from Wednesday morning till Saturday +night, without one bit of bread or drop of drink, or light, or any to +ask how they did; they were, therefore, here in evil case, and were far +from friends and people whom they knew. Now, in this place Christian had +double sorrow, because it was through his thoughtless haste that they +were brought into this distress. + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS IN A DUNGEON] + +Now, Giant Despair had a wife, and her name was Diffidence. So, when he +was gone to bed, he told his wife what he had done; to wit, that he had +taken a couple of prisoners and cast them into his dungeon for +trespassing on his grounds. Then he asked her also what he had best to +do further to them. So she asked him what they were, whence they came, +and whither they were bound; and he told her. Then she advised him, that +when he arose in the morning, he should beat them without any mercy. So, +when he arose, he getteth him a grievous crab-tree cudgel, and goes down +into the dungeon to them, and there first fell to abusing them as if +they were dogs, although they never gave him a word of distaste. Then he +falls upon them, and beats them fearfully, in such sort that they were +not able to help themselves, or to turn them upon the floor. This done, +he withdraws and leaves them there to sorrow over their misery and to +mourn under their distress. So all that day they spent their time in +nothing but sighs and bitter grief. The next night she, talking with her +husband about them further, and understanding that they were yet alive, +did advise him to tell them to make away with themselves. So, when +morning was come, he goes to them in a surly manner, as before and, +perceiving them to be very sore with the stripes that he had given them +the day before, he told them that, since they were never like to come +out of that place, their only way would be forthwith to make an end of +themselves, either with knife, halter, or poison: "For why," said he, +"should you choose life, seeing it is attended with so much bitterness?" +But they desired him to let them go. With that, he looked ugly upon +them, and rushing to them, had doubtless made an end of them himself, +but that he fell into one of his fits (for he sometimes, in sunshiny +weather, fell into fits), and lost for a time the use of his hands, +wherefore he withdrew, and left them as before to consider what to do. +Then did the prisoners consult between themselves, whether it was best +to take his advice or no; and thus they began to discourse: + +CHRIS. "Brother," said Christian, "what shall we do? The life we now +live is miserable. For my part, I know not whether is best, to live +thus, or to die out of hand. My soul chooseth strangling rather than +life, and the grave is more easy for me than this dungeon. Shall we be +ruled by the giant?" + +[Sidenote: HOPEFUL CHEERS CHRISTIAN] + +HOPE. Indeed, our present condition is dreadful; and death would be far +more welcome to me than thus for ever to abide. But yet, let us think: +the Lord of the country to which we are going hath said, "Thou shalt do +no murder," no, not to another man's person; much more, then, are we +forbidden to take his advice to kill ourselves. Besides, he that kills +another can but commit murder upon his body; but for one to kill himself +is to kill body and soul at once. And, moreover, my brother, thou +talkest of ease in the grave; but hast thou forgotten the hell, whither, +for certain, the murderers go? for "no murderer hath eternal life." And +let us consider again, that all the law is not in the hand of Giant +Despair: others, so far as I can understand, have been taken by him as +well as we, and yet have escaped out of his hand. Who knows but that +God, who made the world, may cause that Giant Despair may die? or that, +at some time or other, he may forget to lock us in? or that he may, in a +short time, have another of his fits before us, and he may lose the use +of his limbs? and if ever that should come to pass again, for my part, I +am resolved to pluck up the heart of a man, and try to my utmost to get +from under his hand. I was a fool that I did not try to do it before. +But however, my brother, let us be patient, and endure awhile: the time +may come that may give us a happy release; but let us not be our own +murderers. + +With these words, Hopeful at present did calm the mind of his brother; +so they continued together in the dark that day, in their sad and +doleful condition. + +Well, towards evening, the giant goes down into the dungeon again, to +see if his prisoners had taken his counsel. But, when he came there, he +found them alive; and truly, alive was all; for now, what for want of +bread and water, and by reason of the wounds they received when he beat +them, they could do little but breathe. But, I say, he found them alive; +at which he fell into a grievous rage, and told them that, seeing they +had disobeyed his counsel, it should be worse with them than if they had +never been born. + +At this they trembled greatly, and I think that Christian fell into a +swoon; but, coming a little to himself again, they renewed their +discourse about the giant's advice and whether yet they had best to take +it or no. Now, Christian again seemed for doing it; but Hopeful made his +second reply as followeth: + +HOPE. "My brother," said he, "rememberest thou not how valiant thou hast +been heretofore? Apollyon could not crush thee, nor could all that thou +didst hear, or see, or feel in the Valley of the Shadow of Death. What +hardship, terror, and amazement hast thou already gone through! and art +thou now nothing but fear? Thou seest that I am in the dungeon with +thee, a far weaker man by nature than thou art; also this giant has +wounded me as well as thee, and hath also cut off the bread and water +from my mouth; and, with thee, I mourn without the light. But let us +have a little more patience. Remember how thou showedst thyself the man +at Vanity Fair, and wast neither afraid of the chain, nor cage, nor yet +of bloody death. Wherefore, let us (at least to avoid the shame that it +becomes not a Christian to be found in) bear up with patience as well as +we can." + +Now, night being come again, and the giant and his wife being in bed, +she asked him concerning the prisoners, and if they had taken his +advice: to which he replied, "They are sturdy rogues; they choose rather +to bear all hardship than to make away with themselves." Then said she, +"Take them unto the castle-yard to-morrow, and show them the bones and +skulls of those that thou hast already killed; and make them believe, +ere a week comes to an end, thou wilt tear them also in pieces, as thou +hast done their fellows before them." + +So when the morning was come, the giant goes to them again, and takes +them into the castle-yard and shows them as his wife had bidden him. +"These," said he, "were pilgrims, as you are, once, and they trespassed +in my grounds as you have done; and when I thought fit, I tore them in +pieces; and so within ten days I will do you. Go, get you down to your +den again." And, with that, he beat them all the way thither. They lay, +therefore, all day on Saturday in a lamentable case, as before. Now, +when night was come, and when Mrs. Diffidence and her husband, the giant +were got to bed, they began to renew their talking of their prisoners; +and withal, the old giant wondered that he could neither by his blows +nor counsel bring them to an end. And, with that, his wife replied, "I +fear," said she, "that they live in hope that some will come to relieve +them; or that they have picklocks about them, by the means of which they +hope to escape." "And sayest thou so, my dear?" said the giant: "I will +therefore search them in the morning." + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS ESCAPE] + +Well, on Saturday about midnight, they began to pray, and continued in +prayer till almost break of day. + +Now, a little before it was day, good Christian, as one half amazed, +brake out into this earnest speech: "What a fool," quoth he, "am I to +lie in a foul-smelling dungeon, when I may as well walk at liberty! I +have a key in my bosom called Promise, that will, I am sure, open any +lock in Doubting Castle." Then said Hopeful, "That is good news, good +brother: pluck it out of thy bosom, and try." + +Then Christian pulled it out of his bosom, and began to try at the +dungeon door, whose bolt, as he turned the key, gave back, and the door +flew open with ease, and Christian and Hopeful both came out. Then he +went to the outward door that leads into the castle-yard, and with his +key opened that door also. After, he went to the iron gate, for that +must be opened too; but that lock went exceedingly hard, yet the key did +open it. Then they thrust open the gate to make their escape with speed; +but that gate, as it opened, made such a creaking, that it waked Giant +Despair who, hastily rising to pursue his prisoners, felt his limbs to +fail; for his fits took him again, so that he could by no means go after +them. Then they went on, and came to the King's highway again, and so +were safe because they were out of Giant Despair's rule. + +Now, when they were gone over the stile, they began to contrive with +themselves what they should do at that stile to prevent those that +should come after from falling into the hands of Giant Despair. So they +agreed to build there a pillar, and to engrave upon the side thereof +this sentence: "Over this stile is the way to Doubting Castle, which is +kept by Giant Despair, who despiseth the King of the Celestial Country, +and seeks to destroy His holy pilgrims." Many, therefore, that followed +after, read what was written, and escaped the danger. This done, they +sang as follows: + + "Out of the way we went, and then we found + What 'twas to tread upon forbidden ground: + And let them that come after have a care, + Lest heedlessness make them as we to fare; + Lest they for trespassing his prisoners are + Whose Castle's Doubting, and whose name's Despair." + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +[Sidenote: THE DELECTABLE MOUNTAINS] + + +They went then till they came to the Delectable[5] Mountains, which +mountains belong to the Lord of that hill of which we have spoken +before. So they went up to the mountains to behold the gardens and +orchards, the vineyards and fountains of water, where also they drank +and washed themselves, and did freely eat of the vineyards. Now there +were on the tops of these mountains shepherds feeding their flocks, and +they stood by the highway-side. The pilgrims, therefore, went to them, +and leaning upon their staves (as is common with weary pilgrims when +they stand to talk with any by the way), they asked, "Whose delightful +mountains are these, and whose be the sheep that feed upon them?" + + [5] This word means "pleasant," or "delightful." + +SHEP. These mountains are Immanuel's Land, and they are within sight of +His city; and the sheep also are His, and He laid down His life for +them. + +CHRIS. Is this the way to the Celestial City? + +SHEP. You are just in your way. + +CHRIS. How far is it thither? + +SHEP. Too far for any but those who shall get thither indeed. + +CHRIS. Is the way safe or dangerous? + +SHEP. Safe for those for whom it is to be safe; but sinners shall fall +therein. + +CHRIS. Is there in this place any relief for pilgrims that are weary and +faint in the way? + +SHEP. The Lord of these mountains hath given us a charge not to be +forgetful to care for strangers; therefore the good of the place is +before you. + +I saw also in my dream that when the shepherds perceived that they were +wayfaring men, they also put questions to them (to which they made +answer as in other places), as, "Whence came you?" and "How got you into +the way?" and, "By what means have you so persevered therein? for but +few of them that begin to come hither do show their faces on these +mountains." But when the shepherds heard their answers, being pleased +therewith they looked very lovingly upon them, and said, "Welcome to the +Delectable Mountains!" + +The shepherds, I say, whose names were Knowledge, Experience, Watchful, +and Sincere, took them by the hand and took them to their tents, and +made them partake of what was ready at present. They said moreover, "We +would that you should stay here awhile, to be acquainted with us, and +yet more to cheer yourselves with the good of these Delectable +Mountains." They then told them that they were content to stay. So they +went to rest that night, because it was very late. + +[Sidenote: THE SHEPHERDS CONDUCT THEM] + +Then I saw in my dream that in the morning the shepherds called up +Christian and Hopeful to walk with them upon the mountains. So they +went forth with them and walked a while, having a pleasant prospect on +every side. Then said the shepherds one to another, "Shall we show these +pilgrims some wonders?" So, when they had concluded to do it, they had +them first to the top of the hill called Error, which was very steep on +the farthest side, and bid them look down to the bottom. So Christian +and Hopeful looked down, and saw at the bottom several men dashed all to +pieces by a fall they had had from the top. Then said Christian, "What +meaneth this?" Then the shepherds answered, "Have you not heard of them +that were made to err, by hearkening to Hymeneus and Philetus, as +concerning the faith of the rising from the dead?" They answered, "Yes." +Then said the shepherds, "Those you see lie dashed to pieces at the +bottom of this mountain are they; and they have continued to this day +unburied, as you see, for an example to others to take heed how they +clamber too high, or how they come too near the brink of this mountain." + +Then I saw that they had them to the top of another mountain, and the +name of that is Caution and bid them look afar off; and when they did, +they perceived, as they thought, several men walking up and down among +the tombs that were there; and they perceived that the men were blind, +because they stumbled sometimes upon the tombs, and because they could +not get out from among them. Then said Christian, "What means this?" + +The shepherds then answered, "Did you not see a little below these +mountains a stile that led into a meadow on the left hand side of this +way?" They answered, "Yes." Then said the shepherds, "From that stile +there goes a path that leads directly to Doubting Castle, which is kept +by Giant Despair; and these men" (pointing to them among the tombs) +"came once on pilgrimage, as you do now, even until they came to that +same stile. And because the right way was rough in that place, they +chose to go out of it into that meadow, and there were taken by Giant +Despair, and cast into Doubting Castle, where, after they had been kept +a while in the dungeon, he at last did put out their eyes, and led them +among those tombs, where he has left them to wander to this very day, +that the saying of the Wise Man might be fulfilled, 'He that wandereth +out of the way of knowledge, shall remain in the congregation of the +dead.'" Then Christian and Hopeful looked upon one another with tears +gushing out, but yet said nothing to the shepherds. + +Then I saw in my dream, that the shepherds had them to another place in +a bottom, where was a door on the side of a hill; and they opened the +door, and bid them look in. They looked in, therefore, and saw that +within it was very dark and smoky; they also thought that they heard +there a rumbling noise, as of fire, and a cry of some tormented, and +that they smelt the scent of brimstone. Then said Christian, "What means +this?" The shepherds told them, "This is a by-way to hell, a way that +hypocrites go in at: namely, such as sell their birthright, with Esau; +such as sell their master, with Judas; such as blaspheme the Gospel, +with Alexander; and that lie and deceive with Ananias and Sapphira his +wife." + +HOPE. Then said Hopeful to the shepherds, "I perceive that these had on +them, even every one, a show of pilgrimage, as we have now; had they +not?" + +SHEP. Yes, and held it a long time too. + +HOPE. How far might they go on in pilgrimage in their day, since they +notwithstanding were thus miserably cast away? + +SHEP. Some farther, and some not so far as these mountains. + +Then said the pilgrims one to another, "We have need to cry to the +Strong for strength." + +SHEP. Ay, and you will have need to use it when you have it, too. + +[Sidenote: GATE OF THE CELESTIAL CITY] + +By this time the pilgrims had a desire to go forward, and the shepherds +a desire they should; so they walked together towards the end of the +mountains. Then said the shepherds one to another, "Let us here show to +the pilgrims the gate of the Celestial City, if they have skill to look +through our perspective glass."[6] The pilgrims then lovingly accepted +the motion; so they had them to the top of a high hill called Clear, and +gave them their glass to look. + + [6] "Perspective glass" is an old name for a telescope or spy-glass. + +Then they tried to look; but the remembrance of that last thing, that +the shepherds had showed them, made their hands shake, by means of which +hindrance they could not look steadily through the glass; yet they +thought they saw something like the gate, and also some of the glory of +the place. Thus they went away, and sang this song: + + "Thus by the shepherds secrets are revealed, + Which from all other men are kept concealed. + Come to the shepherds, then, if you would see + Things deep, things hid, and that mysterious be." + +When they were about to depart, one of the shepherds gave them a note of +the way. Another of them bid them beware of the Flatterer. The third bid +them take heed that they slept not upon the Enchanted Ground. And the +fourth bid them God speed. + +So I awoke from my dream. + + + + +CHAPTER IX. + +[Sidenote: THEY OVERTAKE IGNORANCE] + + +And I slept, and dreamed again, and saw the same two pilgrims going down +the mountains along the highway towards the city. Now, a little below +these mountains, on the left hand, lieth the country of Conceit; from +which country there comes into the way in which the pilgrims walked a +little crooked lane. Here, therefore, they met with a very brisk lad, +that came out of that country, and his name was Ignorance. So Christian +asked him from what parts he came, and whither he was going. + +IGNOR. Sir, I was born in the country that lieth off there a little on +the left hand, and I am going to the Celestial City. + +CHRIS. But how do you think to get in at the gate? for you may find some +difficulty there. + +IGNOR. As other people do. + +CHRIS. But what have you to show at the gate, that may cause that the +gate should be opened to you? + +IGNOR. I know my Lord's will, and have been a good liver; I pay every +man his own; I pray, fast, pay money to the church and give to the poor, +and have left my country for whither I am going. + +CHRIS. But thou camest not in at the wicket-gate that is at the head of +this way: thou camest in hither through that same crooked lane; and +therefore I fear, however thou mayest think of thyself, when the +reckoning day shall come, thou wilt have laid to thy charge that thou +art a thief and a robber, instead of getting admittance into the city. + +IGNOR. Gentlemen, ye be utter strangers to me: I know you not: be +content to follow the custom of your country, and I will follow the +custom of mine. I hope all will be well. And, as for the gate that you +talk of, all the world knows that that is a great way off of our +country. I cannot think that any man in all our parts doth so much as +know the way to it; nor need they matter whether they do or no, since we +have, as you see, a fine, pleasant green lane, that comes down from our +country, the next way into the way. + +When Christian saw that the man was wise in his own opinion, he said to +Hopeful, whisperingly, "There is more hope of a fool than of him." And +said, moreover "When he that is a fool walketh by the way, his wisdom +faileth him, and he saith to every one that he is a fool. What! shall we +talk further with him, or outgo him at present, and so leave him to +think of what he hath heard already, and then stop again for him +afterwards, and see if by degrees we can do any good to him?" + +Then said Hopeful: + + "Let Ignorance a little while now muse + On what is said, and let him not refuse + Good counsel to embrace, lest he remain + Still ignorant of what's the chiefest gain. + God saith, those that no understanding have + (Although He made them), them He will not save." + +HOPE. He further added, "It is not good, I think, to say all to him at +once: let us pass him by, if you will, and talk to him by and by, even +as he is able to bear it." + +So they both went on, and Ignorance he came after. Now, when they had +passed him a little way, they entered into a very dark lane, where they +met a man whom seven devils had bound with seven strong cords, and were +carrying of him back to the door that they saw on the side of the hill. +Now good Christian began to tremble, and so did Hopeful his companion; +yet, as the devils led away the man, Christian looked to see if he knew +him; and he thought it might be one Turn-away, that dwelt in the town of +Apostasy. But he did not perfectly see his face, for he did hang his +head like a thief that is found; but being gone past, Hopeful looked +after him, and espied on his back a paper with this inscription, "One +who was wicked while claiming to be good, and turned away from God." + +[Sidenote: THREE STURDY ROGUES] + +Then said Christian to his fellow, "Now I call to remembrance that which +was told of a thing that happened to a good man hereabout. The name of +that man was Little-Faith, but a good man, and dwelt in the town of +Sincere. The thing was this: At the entering in at this passage, there +comes down from Broad-way Gate a lane called Dead Man's Lane; so-called +because of the murders that are commonly done there; and this +Little-Faith, going on pilgrimage as we do now, chanced to sit down +there, and slept. Now, there happened at that time to come down that +lane, from Broad-way Gate, three sturdy rogues, and their names were +Faint-heart, Mistrust, and Guilt, three brothers; and they espying +Little-Faith, where he was, came galloping up with speed. Now, the good +man was just awaked from his sleep, and was getting up to go on his +journey. So they came up all to him, and with threatening language bid +him stand. At this, Little-Faith looked as white as a sheet and had +neither power to fight nor fly. Then said Faint-heart, 'Deliver thy +purse;' but, he making no haste to do it (for he was loth to lose his +money) Mistrust ran up to him, and, thrusting his hand into his pocket, +pulled out thence a bag of silver. Then he cried out, 'Thieves! +thieves!' With that, Guilt, with a great club that was in his hand, +struck Little-Faith on the head, and with that blow felled him flat to +the ground, where he lay bleeding as one that would bleed to death. All +this while the thieves stood by. But, at last, they hearing that some +were upon the road, and fearing lest it should be one Great-Grace, that +dwells in the city of Good-Confidence, they betook themselves to their +heels, and left this good man to shift for himself. Now, after a while, +Little-Faith came to himself, and, getting up, made shift to scramble on +his way. This was the story." + +HOPE. But did they take from him all that ever he had? + +CHRIS. No; the place where his jewels were they never ransacked; so +those he kept still. But as I was told, the good man was much afflicted +for his loss, for the thieves got most of his spending money. That which +they got not, as I said, were jewels; also he had a little odd money +left, but scarce enough to bring him to his journey's end. Nay, if I was +not misinformed, he was forced to beg as he went, to keep himself alive, +for his jewels he might not sell; but, beg and do what he could, he +went, as we say, often with a hungry stomach the most part of the rest +of the way. + +HOPE. But is it not a wonder they got not from him his certificate, by +which he was to receive admission at the Celestial Gate? + +CHRIS. It is a wonder; but they got not that, though they missed it not +through any cunning of his; for he, being dismayed by their coming upon +him, had neither power nor skill to hide anything; so it was more by +good providence than by his endeavor, that they missed of that good +thing. + +HOPE. But it must needs be a comfort to him that they got not his jewels +from him. + +CHRIS. It might have been great comfort to him, had he used it as he +should; but they that told me the story said, that he made but little +use of it all the rest of the way, and that because of the alarm that he +had in their taking away his money. Indeed, he forgot it a great part of +the rest of his journey; and besides, when at any time it came into his +mind, and he began to be comforted therewith, then would fresh thoughts +of his loss come again upon him, and those thoughts would swallow up +all. + +[Sidenote: HOPEFUL REBUKED] + +HOPE. Alas, poor man! this could not but be a great grief unto him. + +CHRIS. Grief! ay, a grief indeed. Would it not have been so to any of +us, had we been used as he, to be robbed and wounded too, and that in a +strange place, as he was? It is a wonder he did not die with grief, poor +heart! I was told that he scattered almost all the rest of the way with +nothing but doleful and bitter complaints; telling also to all that +overtook him, or that he overtook in the way as he went, where he was +robbed, and how; who they were that did it, and what he had lost; how he +was wounded, and that he hardly escaped with life. + +HOPE. But it is a wonder that his necessities did not put him upon +selling or pawning some of his jewels, that he might have wherewith to +relieve himself in his journey. + +CHRIS. Thou talkest like one whose head is thick to this very day. For +what should he pawn them, or to whom should he sell them? In all that +country where he was robbed, his jewels were not accounted of; nor did +he want that relief which could from thence be administered to him. +Besides, had his jewels been missing at the gate of the Celestial City, +he had (and that he knew well enough) been shut out from an inheritance +there; and that would have been worse to him than the coming and villany +of ten thousand thieves. + +HOPE. But, Christian, these three fellows, I am persuaded in my heart, +are but a company of cowards: would they have run else, think you, as +they did at the noise of one that was coming on the road? Why did not +Little-Faith pluck up a greater heart? He might, methinks, have stood +one brush with them, and have yielded when there had been no remedy. + +CHRIS. That they are cowards many have said, but few have found it so in +the time of trial. As for a great heart, Little-Faith had none; and I +perceive by thee, my brother, hadst thou been the man concerned, thou +art but for a brush, and then to yield. And, verily, since this is the +height of thy courage now they are at a distance from us, should they +appear to thee as they did to him, they might put thee to second +thoughts. But consider again, they are but journeymen-thieves; they +serve under the king of the bottomless pit, who, if need be, will come +in to their aid himself, and his voice is as the roaring of a lion. I +myself have been engaged as this Little-Faith was, and I found it a +terrible thing. These three villains set upon me: and I beginning like a +Christian to resist, they gave but a call, and in came their master. I +would, as the saying is, have given my life for a penny, but that, as +God would have it, I was clothed with armor of proof. Ay, and yet, +though I was so protected, I found it hard work to quit myself like a +man. No man can tell what in that combat attends us, but he that hath +been in the battle himself. + +[Sidenote: LITTLE-FAITH AND GREAT-GRACE] + +HOPE. Well, but they ran, you see, when they did but suppose that one +Great-Grace was in the way. + +CHRIS. True, they have often fled, both they and their master, when +Great-Grace hath but appeared; and no marvel, for he is the King's +champion. But I trow you will put some difference between Little-Faith +and the King's champion? All the King's subjects are not His champions, +nor can they when tried do such feats of war as he. Is it meet to think +that a little child should handle Goliath as David did? or that there +should be the strength of an ox in a wren? Some are strong, some are +weak; some have great faith, some have little: this man was one of the +weak, and therefore he went to the wall. + +HOPE. I would it had been Great-Grace for their sakes. + +CHRIS. If it had been he, he might have had his hands full; for I must +tell you that though Great-Grace is excellent good at his weapons, and +has, and can, so long as he keeps them at sword's point, do well enough +with them; yet, if they get within him, even Faint-heart, Mistrust, or +the other, it shall go hard but they will throw up his heels. And when a +man is down, you know, what can he do? + +Whoso looks well upon Great-Grace's face will see those scars and cuts +there, that shall easily give proof of what I say. Yea, once I heard +that he should say (and that when he was in the combat), "We despaired +even of life." How did these sturdy rogues and their fellows make David +groan, mourn, and roar! Yea, Heman, and Hezekiah too, though champions +in their days, were forced to bestir when by these attacked; and yet, +notwithstanding, they had their coats soundly brushed by them. Peter, +upon a time, would go try what he could do; but though some do say of +him that he is the prince of the apostles, they handled him so that they +made him at last afraid of a sorry girl. + +[Sidenote: LITTLE-FAITH AMONG THIEVES] + +Besides, their king is at their whistle--he is never out of hearing; and +if at any time they be put to the worst, he, if possible, comes in to +help them; and of him it is said, "The sword of him that layeth at him +cannot hold; the spear, the dart, nor the habergeon. He esteemeth iron +as straw, and brass as rotten wood. The arrow cannot make him flee; +sling-stones are turned with him into stubble. Darts are counted as +stubble: he laugheth at the shaking of a spear." What can a man do in +this case? It is true, if a man could at every turn have Job's horse, +and had skill and courage to ride him, he might do notable things. For +his neck is clothed with thunder. He will not be afraid as the +grasshopper: "the glory of his nostrils is terrible. He paweth in the +valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth on to meet the armed +men. He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted, neither turneth he his +back from the sword. The quiver rattleth against him, the glittering +spear and the shield. He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage; +neither believeth he that it is the sound of the trumpet. He saith among +the trumpets, Ha! ha! and he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder +of the captains, and the shouting." + +But for such footmen as thee and I are, let us never desire to meet with +an enemy, nor vaunt as if we could do better, when we hear of others +that have been foiled, nor be tickled at the thoughts of our manhood; +for such commonly come by the worst when tried. Witness Peter, of whom I +made mention before: he would swagger, ay, he would; he would, as his +vain mind prompted him to say, do better and stand more for his Master +than all men; but who so foiled and run down by those villains as he? + +Then Christian sang: + + "Poor Little-Faith! hast been among the thieves? + Wast robbed? Remember this: whoso believes + And gets more faith, shall then a victor be + Over ten thousand; else, scarce over three." + +So they went on, and Ignorance followed. They went then till they came +to a place where they saw a way put itself into their way, and seemed +withal to lie as straight as the way which they should go; and here they +knew not which of the two to take, for both seemed straight before them; +therefore here they stood still to consider. And, as they were thinking +about the way, behold, a man, black of flesh, but covered with a very +light robe, came to them, and asked them why they stood there. They +answered they were going to the Celestial City, but knew not which of +these ways to take. "Follow me," said the man; "it is thither that I am +going." So they followed him to the way that but now came into the road, +which by degrees turned and turned them so from the city that they +desired to go to, that, in a little time, their faces were turned away +from it; yet they followed him. But by-and-by, before they were aware, +he led them both within the folds of a net, in which they were both so +entangled that they knew not what to do; and with that, the white robe +fell off the black man's back. Then they saw where they were. Wherefore, +there they lay crying some time, for they could not get themselves out. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian to his fellow, "Now do I see myself in an +error. Did not the shepherds bid us beware of flatterers? As is the +saying of the Wise Man, so we have found it this day: 'A man that +flattereth his neighbor, spreadeth a net at his feet.'" + +[Sidenote: A SHINING ONE APPEARS] + +HOPE. They also gave us a note of directions about the way, for our more +sure finding thereof; but therein we have also forgotten to read, and +have not kept ourselves from the paths of the destroyer. Thus they lay +bewailing themselves in the net. At last they espied a Shining One +coming towards them with a whip of small cord in his hand. When he was +come to the place where they were, he asked them whence they came, and +what they did there. They told him that they were poor pilgrims going to +Zion, but were led out of their way by a black man clothed in white, +"Who bid us," said they, "follow him, for he was going thither too." +Then said he with the whip, "It is Flatterer, a false prophet, that hath +changed himself into an angel of light." So he rent the net, and let the +men out. Then said he to them, "Follow me, that I may set you in your +way again." So he led them back to the way which they had left to follow +the Flatterer. Then he asked them, saying, "Where did you lie the last +night?" They said, "With the shepherds upon the Delectable Mountains." +He asked them then if they had not of those shepherds a note of +direction for the way. They answered, "Yes." "But did you not," said he, +"when you were at a stand, pluck out and read your note?" They answered, +"No." He asked them, "Why?" They said they forgot. He asked them, +moreover, if the shepherds did not bid them beware of the Flatterer. +They answered, "Yes; but we did not imagine," said they, "that this +fine-spoken man had been he." + +Then I saw in my dream, that he commanded them to lie down; which when +they did, he whipped them sore, to teach them the good way wherein they +should walk; and, as he whipped them, he said, "As many as I love, I +rebuke and chasten; be zealous, therefore, and repent." This done, he +bid them go on their way, and take good heed to the other directions of +the shepherds. So they thanked him for all his kindness, and went softly +along the right way, singing: + + "Come hither, you that walk along the way, + See how the pilgrims fare that go astray; + They catchèd are in an entangling net, + 'Cause they good counsel lightly did forget; + 'Tis true, they rescued were; but yet, you see, + They're scourged to boot: let this your caution be." + +Now, after awhile they perceived afar off, one coming softly and alone, +all along the highway, to meet them. Then said Christian to his fellow, +"Yonder is a man with his back towards Zion, and he is coming to meet +us." + +HOPE. I see him: let us take heed to ourselves lest he should prove a +flatterer also. + +[Sidenote: THEY MEET ATHEIST] + +So he drew nearer and nearer, and at last came up to them. His name was +Atheist,[7] and he asked them whither they were going. + + [7] An atheist is one who does not believe that there is a God. + +CHRIS. We are going to Mount Zion. + +Then Atheist fell into a very great laughter. + +CHRIS. What is the meaning of your laughter? + +ATHEIST. I laugh to see what ignorant persons you are, to take upon +yourselves so tedious a journey, and yet are like to have nothing but +your travel for your pains. + +[Illustration: Atheist Laughing at Christian and Hopeful. + Page 170] + +CHRIS. Why, man, do you think we shall not be received? + +ATHEIST. Received! There is no such a place as you dream of in all this +world. + +CHRIS. But there is in the world to come. + +ATHEIST. When I was at home in mine own country, I heard as you now +affirm, and, from that hearing, went out to see, and have been seeking +this city these twenty years, but find no more of it than I did the +first day I set out. + +CHRIS. We have both heard and believe that there is such a place to be +found. + +ATHEIST. Had not I, when at home, believed I had not come thus far to +seek; but, finding none (and yet I should had there been such a place to +be found, for I have gone to seek it farther than you), I am going back +again, and will seek to refresh myself with the things that I then cast +away for hopes of that which I now see is not. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian to Hopeful his fellow, "Is it true which this +man hath said?" + +HOPE. Take heed; he is one of the flatterers. Remember what it hath cost +us once already for hearkening to such kind of fellows. What! no Mount +Zion? Did we not see from the Delectable Mountains the gate of the city? +Also, are we not now to walk by faith? Let us go on, lest the man with +the whip overtake us again. I say, my brother, cease to hear him, and +let us believe to the saving of the soul. + +CHRIS. My brother, I did not put the question to thee for that I +doubted of the truth of our belief myself, but to prove thee, and to +fetch from thee a fruit of the honesty of thy heart. As for this man, I +know that he is blinded. Let thee and me go on, knowing that we have +belief of the truth, and no lie is of the truth. + +HOPE. Now do I rejoice in hope of the glory of God. + +So they turned away from the man, and he, laughing at them, went his +way. + +I then saw in my dream that they went till they came into a certain +country, whose air naturally tended to make one drowsy if he came a +stranger into it. And here Hopeful began to be very dull and heavy of +sleep; wherefore he said unto Christian, "I do now begin to grow so +drowsy, that I can scarcely hold up mine eyes; let us lie down here, and +take one nap." + +CHRIS. "By no means," said the other, "lest sleeping, we never awake +more." + +HOPE. Why, my brother? sleep is sweet to the laboring man: we may be +refreshed if we take a nap. + +CHRIS. Do not you remember that one of the shepherds bid us beware of +the Enchanted Ground? He meant by that that we should beware of +sleeping; wherefore let us not sleep as others, but let us watch and be +sober. + +HOPE. I acknowledge myself in fault; and had I been here alone, I had, +by sleeping, run the danger of death. I see it is true that the Wise +Man saith, "Two are better than one." Hitherto hath thy company been my +help; and thou shalt have a good reward for thy labor. + +CHRIS. "Now, then," said Christian, "to prevent drowsiness in this +place, let us talk about something profitable." + +HOPE. With all my heart. + +[Sidenote: HOPEFUL NARRATES CONVERSION] + +CHRIS. Where shall we begin? + +HOPE. Where God began with us. But do you begin, if you please. + +CHRIS. I will sing you first this song: + + "When saints do sleepy grow, let them come hither, + And hear how these two pilgrims talk together; + Yea, let them learn of them, in any wise, + Thus to keep ope their drowsy, slumbering eyes. + Saints' fellowship, if it be managed well, + Keeps them awake, and that in spite of hell." + +CHRIS. Then Christian began, and said, "I will ask you a question. How +came you to think at first of doing as you do now?" + +HOPE. Do you mean, how came I at first to look after the good of my +soul? + +CHRIS. Yes, that is my meaning. + +HOPE. I continued a great while in the delight of those things which +were seen and sold at our fair; things which I believe now would have, +had I continued in them still, drowned me in ruin and destruction. + +CHRIS. What things were they? + +HOPE. All the treasures and riches of the world. Also I delighted much +in rioting, revelling, drinking, swearing, lying, uncleanness, +Sabbath-breaking, and what not, that tended to destroy the soul. But I +found at last, by hearing and considering of things that are holy, which +indeed I heard of you, as also of beloved Faithful, that was put to +death for his faith, and good living in Vanity Fair, that the end of +these things is death; and that, for these things' sake, the wrath of +God cometh upon those who disobey him. + +CHRIS. And did you presently fall under the power of this feeling? + +HOPE. No; I was not willing presently to know the evil of sin, nor the +destruction that follows upon the doing of it; but tried, when my mind +at first began to be shaken with the Word, to shut mine eyes against the +light thereof. + +CHRIS. But what was the cause of your waiting so long? + +HOPE. The causes were,--Firstly, I was ignorant that this was the work +of God upon me. Secondly, Sin was yet very sweet to my flesh, and I was +loth to leave it. Thirdly, I could not tell how to part with mine old +companions, their presence and actions were so desirable unto me. +Fourthly, The hours in which these feelings were upon me, were such +troublesome and such heart-affrighting hours, that I could not bear, no, +not so much as the remembrance of them upon my heart. + +CHRIS. Then, as it seems, sometimes you got rid of your trouble? + +HOPE. Yes, verily, but it would come into my mind again, and then I +should be as bad, nay, worse than I was before. + +CHRIS. Why, what was it that brought your sins to mind again? + +HOPE. Many things; as, + + 1. If I did but meet a good man in the streets; or, + + 2. If I have heard any read in the Bible; or, + + 3. If mine head did begin to ache; or, + + 4. If I were told that some of my neighbors + were sick; or, + + 5. If I heard the bell toll for some that were + dead; or, + + 6. If I thought of dying myself; or, + + 7. If I heard that sudden death happened to + others; + + 8. But especially when I thought of myself that + I must quickly come to judgment. + +CHRIS. And could you at any time with ease get off the guilt of sin, +when by any of these ways it came upon you? + +HOPE. No, not I; for then they got faster hold of my conscience; and +then, if I did but think of going back to sin (though my mind was turned +against it,) it would be double torment to me. + +CHRIS. And how did you do then? + +HOPE. I thought I must endeavor to mend my life; for else, thought I, I +am sure to be lost forever. + +CHRIS. And did you endeavor to mend? + +HOPE. Yes, and fled from not only my sins, but sinful company too, and +betook me to religious duties, as praying, reading, weeping for sin, +speaking truth to my neighbors, etc. These things did I, with many +others, too much here to tell. + +CHRIS. And did you think yourself well then? + +HOPE. Yes, for a while; but, at the last, my trouble came tumbling upon +me again, and that over the neck of all my trying to do right. + +CHRIS. How came that about, since you were now doing right, as far as +you knew? + +HOPE. There were several things brought it upon me; especially such +sayings as these: "All our righteousness are as filthy rags;" "By the +works of the law shall no flesh be made righteous;" "When ye shall have +done all those things which are commanded you, say, We are +unprofitable;" with many more such like. From whence I began to reason +with myself thus: If all my righteousness are filthy rags, if by the +deeds of the law no man can be made righteous, and if, when we have done +_all_, we are yet unprofitable, then it is but a folly to think of +heaven by the law. I further thought thus; If a man runs a hundred +pounds into the shopkeeper's debt, and after that shall pay for all that +he shall buy; yet his old debt stands still in the book uncrossed; for +the which the shopkeeper may sue him, and cast him into prison till he +shall pay the debt. + +CHRIS. Well, and how did you apply this to yourself? + +HOPE. Why, I thought thus with myself: I have by my sins run a great +way into God's book, and my now reforming will not pay off that score. +Therefore I should think still, under all my present trying. But how +shall I be freed from that punishment that I have brought myself in +danger of by my former sins. + +CHRIS. A very good application; but pray go on. + +HOPE. Another thing that hath troubled me ever since my late turning +from sin is, that if I look narrowly into the best of what I do now, I +still see sin, new sin, mixing itself with the best of that I do; so +that now I am forced to conclude that, notwithstanding my former fond +opinion of myself and duties, I have committed sin enough in one duty to +send me to hell, though my former life had been faultless. + +CHRIS. And what did you do then? + +HOPE. Do! I could not tell what to do, till I brake my mind to Faithful; +for he and I were well acquainted. And he told me, that unless I could +obtain the righteousness of a Man that never had sinned, neither mine +own nor all the righteousness of the world could save me. + +CHRIS. And did you think he spake true? + +HOPE. Had he told me so when I was pleased and satisfied with mine own +trying, I had called him fool for his pains; but now, since I see mine +own weakness and the sin which cleaves to my best performance, I have +been forced to be of his opinion. + +CHRIS. But did you think, when at first he suggested it to you, that +there was such a Man to be found, of whom it might justly be said that +He never committed sin? + +HOPE. I must confess the words at first sounded strangely; but after a +little more talk and company with him I had full certainty about it. + +CHRIS. And did you ask him what Man this was, and how you must be made +righteous by Him? + +HOPE. Yes, and he told me it was the Lord Jesus, that dwelleth on the +right hand of the Most High. And thus, said he, you must be made right +by Him, even by trusting what He hath done by Himself in the days of His +flesh, and suffered when He did hang on the tree. I asked him further, +How that Man's righteousness could be of that power to help another +before God? And he told me He was the mighty God, and did what He did, +and died the death also, not for Himself, but for me; to whom His +doings, and the worthiness of them, should be given if I believed on +Him. + +CHRIS. And what did you do then? + +HOPE. I made my objections against my believing, for that I thought He +was not willing to save me. + +CHRIS. And what said Faithful to you then? + +HOPE. He bid me go to Him and see. Then I said it was too much for me to +ask for. But he said No, for I was invited to come. Then he gave me a +book of Jesus' own writing to encourage me the more freely to come; and +he said concerning that book, that every word and letter thereof stood +firmer than heaven and earth. Then I asked him what I must do when I +came; and he told me I must entreat on my knees, with all my heart and +soul, the Father to reveal Him to me. Then I asked him further how I +must make my prayer to Him; and he said, Go, and thou shalt find Him +upon a mercy-seat, where He sits all the year long to give pardon and +forgiveness to them that come. I told him that I knew not what to say +when I came; and he bid me say to this effect: God be merciful to me a +sinner, and make me to know and believe in Jesus Christ; for I see that +if His righteousness had not been, or I have not faith in that +righteousness, I am utterly cast away. Lord, I have heard that Thou art +a merciful God, and hast given that Thy Son Jesus Christ should be the +Saviour of the world; and, moreover, that Thou art willing to bestow Him +upon such a poor sinner as I am. And I am a sinner indeed. Lord, take +therefore this opportunity, and show Thy grace in the salvation of my +soul, through Thy Son Jesus Christ. Amen. + +CHRIS. And did you do as you were bidden? + +HOPE. Yes, over, and over, and over. + +CHRIS. And did the Father show His son to you? + +HOPE. Not at the first, nor second, nor third, nor fourth, nor fifth; +no, nor at the sixth time neither. + +CHRIS. What did you do then? + +HOPE. What! why, I could not tell what to do. + +CHRIS. Had you no thoughts of leaving off praying? + +HOPE. Yes; a hundred times twice told. + +CHRIS. And what was the reason you did not? + +HOPE. I believed that that was true which had been told me; to wit, that +without the righteousness of this Christ, all the world could not save +me; and therefore, thought I with myself, if I leave off I die, and I +can but die at the throne of grace. And withal, this came into my mind: +"Though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not +tarry." So I continued praying until the Father showed me His Son. + +CHRIS. And how was He shown unto you? + +HOPE. I did not see Him with my bodily eyes, but with the eyes of my +heart, and thus it was: One day I was very sad, I think sadder than at +any one time in my life; and this sadness was through a fresh sight of +the greatness and vileness of my sins. And, as I was then looking for +nothing but hell and the everlasting loss of my soul, suddenly, as I +thought, I saw the Lord Jesus look down from heaven upon me, and saying, +"Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved." + +But I replied, "Lord, I am a great, a very great sinner." And He +answered, "My grace is sufficient for thee." Then I said, "But, Lord, +what is believing?" And then I saw from that saying, "He that cometh to +me shall never hunger, and he that believeth on me shall never thirst," +that believing and coming was all one; and that he that came, that is, +ran out in his heart and desire after salvation by Christ, he indeed +believed in Christ. Then the water stood in mine eyes, and I asked +further, "But, Lord, may such a great sinner as I am be indeed accepted +of Thee, and be saved by thee?" and I heard Him say, "And him that +cometh to me I will in no wise cast out." Then said I, "But how Lord, +must I consider of Thee in my coming to Thee, that my faith may be +placed aright upon Thee?" Then he said, "Christ Jesus came into the +world to save sinners. He is the end of the law for righteousness to +every one that believes. He died for our sins, and rose again for our +righteousness. He loved us, and washed us from our sins in His own +blood. He is Mediator between God and us. He ever liveth to plead for +us." From all which I gathered that I must look for righteousness in His +person, and for satisfaction for my sins by His blood; that what He did +in obedience to His Father's law, and in submitting to the penalty +thereof, was not for Himself, but for him that will accept it for his +salvation, and be thankful. And now was my heart full of joy, mine eyes +full of tears, and mine affections running over with love to the name, +people, and ways of Jesus Christ. + +CHRIS. This was a revelation of Christ to your soul indeed. But tell me +particularly what effect this had upon your spirit. + +HOPE. It made me see that all the world, notwithstanding all the +righteousness thereof, is in a state of condemnation. It made me see +that God the Father, though He be just, can justly forgive the coming +sinner. It made me greatly ashamed of the vileness of my former life, +and confounded me with the sense of my own ignorance; for there never +came thought into my heart before now, that showed me so the beauty of +Jesus Christ. It made me love a holy life, and long to do something for +the honor and glory of the name of the Lord Jesus. Yea, I thought that +had I now a thousand gallons of blood in my body, I could spill it all +for the sake of the Lord Jesus. + + + + +CHAPTER X. + + +I saw then in my dream that Hopeful looked back, and saw Ignorance, whom +they had left behind, coming after. "Look," said he to Christian, "how +far yonder youngster loitereth behind." + +CHRIS. Ay, ay, I see him: he careth not for our company. + +HOPE. But I think it would not have hurt him, had he kept pace with us +hitherto. + +CHRIS. That is true; but I warrant you he thinks otherwise. + +HOPE. That I think he doth; but, however, let us tarry for him. So they +did. + +CHRIS. Then Christian said to him, "Come away, man; why do you stay so +behind?" + +IGNOR. I take my pleasure in walking alone, even more a great deal than +in company, unless I like it the better. + +Then said Christian to Hopeful (but softly), "Did I not tell you he +cared not for our company? But, however," said he, "come up, and let us +talk away the time in this solitary place." Then, directing his speech +to Ignorance, he said, "Come how do you? How stands it between God and +your soul now?" + +IGNOR. I hope well; for I am always full of good thoughts, that come +into my mind to comfort me as I walk. + +CHRIS. What good motions? pray tell us. + +IGNOR. Why, I think of God and heaven. + +CHRIS. So do the devils and lost souls. + +IGNOR. But I think of them and desire them. + +CHRIS. So do many that are never like to come there. "The soul of the +sluggard desireth and hath nothing." + +IGNOR. But I think of them, and leave all for them. + +CHRIS. That I doubt, for leaving of all is a very hard matter; yea, a +harder matter than many are aware of. But why, or by what, art thou +persuaded that thou hast left all for God and heaven? + +IGNOR. My heart tells me so. + +CHRIS. The Wise Man says, "He that trusteth in his own heart is a fool." + +IGNOR. This is spoken of an evil heart; but mine is a good one. + +CHRIS. But how dost thou prove that? + +IGNOR. It comforts me in the hopes of heaven. + +CHRIS. That may be through its deceitfulness; for a man's heart may +minister comfort to him in the hopes of that thing for which he has yet +no ground to hope. + +IGNOR. But my heart and life agree together; and therefore my hope is +well grounded. + +CHRIS. Who told thee that thy heart and life agree together? + +IGNOR. My heart tells me so. + +CHRIS. Ask my fellow if I be a thief! Thy heart tells thee so! Except +the Word of God telleth thee in this matter, other testimony is of no +value. + +IGNOR. But is it not a good heart that hath good thoughts? and is not +that a good life that is according to God's commandments? + +CHRIS. Yes, that is a good heart that hath good thoughts, and that is a +good life that is according to God's commandments; but it is one thing, +indeed, to have these, and another thing only to think so. + +IGNOR. Pray, what count you good thoughts, and a life according to God's +commandments? + +CHRIS. There are good thoughts of many kinds: some respecting ourselves, +some God, some Christ, and some other things. + +IGNOR. You go so fast, I cannot keep pace with you. Do you go on before: +I must stay awhile behind. + +Then they said: + + "Well, Ignorance, wilt thou yet foolish be, + To slight good counsel, ten times given thee? + And if thou yet refuse it, thou shalt know, + Ere long, the evil of thy doing so. + Remember, man, in time; stoop, do not fear; + Good counsel, taken well, saves; therefore hear: + But, if thou yet shalt slight it, thou wilt be + The loser, Ignorance, I'll warrant thee." + +Then Christian addressed himself thus to his fellow: + +CHRIS. Well, come, my good Hopeful; I perceive that thou and I must +walk by ourselves again. + +[Sidenote: THE TWO PILGRIMS PROCEED] + +So I saw in my dream that they went on apace before, and Ignorance he +came hobbling after. Then said Christian to his companion, "It pities me +much for this poor man: it will certainly go ill with him at last." + +HOPE. Alas! there are abundance in our town in his condition, whole +families, yea, whole streets, and that of pilgrims, too; and if there be +so many in our parts, how many, think you, must there be in the place +where he was born? + +CHRIS. Indeed, the Word saith, "He hath blinded their eyes, lest they +should see." + +HOPE. Well said; I believe you have said the truth. Are we now almost +got past the Enchanted Ground? + +CHRIS. Why, art thou weary of our talking? + +HOPE. No, verily; but that I would know where we are. + +CHRIS. We have not now above two miles farther to go thereon. Well, we +will leave at this time our neighbor Ignorance by himself, and fall upon +another subject. + +HOPE. With all my heart; but you shall still begin. + +CHRIS. Well, then, did you not know, about ten years ago, one Temporary +in your parts, who was a forward man in religion then? + +HOPE. Know him! yes; he dwelt in Graceless, a town about two miles off +of Honesty, and he dwelt next door to one Turnback. + +CHRIS. Right, he dwelt under the same roof with him. Well, that man was +much awakened once: I believe that then he had some sight of his sins, +and of the punishment that was due thereto. + +HOPE. I am of your mind; for (my house not being above three miles from +him) he would ofttimes come to me, and that with many tears. Truly, I +pitied the man, and was not altogether without hope of him; but one may +see, it is not every one that cries "Lord! Lord!" + +CHRIS. He told me once that he was resolved to go on pilgrimage as we do +now; but all of a sudden he grew acquainted with one Save-self, and then +he became a stranger to me, for at that time he gave up going on +pilgrimage. + + + + +CHAPTER XI. + +[Sidenote: BEULAH LAND] + + +Now I saw in my dream, that by this time the pilgrims were got over the +Enchanted Ground, and entering into the country of Beulah, whose air was +very sweet and pleasant: the way lying directly through it, they enjoyed +themselves there for a season. Yea, here they heard continually the +singing of birds and saw every day the flowers appear on the earth, and +heard the voice of the turtle in the land. In this country the sun +shineth night and day; wherefore this was beyond the Valley of the +Shadow of Death, and also out of the reach of Giant Despair; neither +could they from this place so much as see Doubting Castle. Here they +were within sight of the City they were going to; also here met them +some of the inhabitants thereof; for in this land the Shining Ones +commonly walked, because it was upon the borders of heaven. Here they +had no want of corn and wine; for in this place they met with abundance +of what they had sought for in all their pilgrimage. Here they heard +voices from out of the City, loud voices, saying, "Say ye to the +daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation cometh! Behold, His reward is +with Him!" Here all the inhabitants of the country called them "The holy +people, and redeemed of the Lord, sought out," etc. + +Now, as they walked in this land, they had more rejoicing than in parts +more remote from the kingdom to which they were bound; and drawing near +to the City, they had yet a more perfect view thereof. It was builded of +pearls and precious stones, also the streets thereof were paved with +gold; so that by reason of the natural glory of the City, and the +reflection of the sunbeams upon it, Christian with desire fell sick; +Hopeful also had a fit or two of the same disease, wherefore here they +lay by it awhile, crying out because of their pangs, "If you see my +Beloved tell Him that I am sick of love." + +But being a little strengthened, and better able to bear their sickness, +they walked on their way, and came yet nearer and nearer, where were +orchards, vineyards, and gardens, and their gates opened into the +highway. Now, as they came up to these places, behold, the gardener, +stood in the way; to whom the pilgrims said, "Whose goodly vineyards and +gardens are these?" He answered, "They are the King's, and are planted +here for His own delight, and also for the solace of pilgrims." So the +gardener had them into the vineyards, and bid them refresh themselves +with the dainties. He also showed them there the King's walks, and the +arbors where He delighted to be; and here they tarried and slept. + +Now I beheld in my dream, that they talked more in their sleep at this +time than ever they did in all their journey; and being in thought +thereabout, the gardener said even to me, "Wherefore dost thou meditate +at the matter? It is the nature of the fruit of the grapes of these +vineyards to go down so sweetly as to cause the lips of them that are +asleep to speak." + +So I saw, when they awoke they undertook to go up to the City. But, as I +said, the reflection of the sun upon the City (for the City was pure +gold) was so extremely glorious, that they could not, as yet, with open +face behold it, but through a glass made for that purpose. So I saw +that, as they went on, there met them two men in raiment that shone like +gold, also their faces shone as the light. + +These men asked the pilgrims whence they came; and they told them. They +also asked them where they had lodged, what difficulties and dangers, +what comforts and pleasures, they had met in the way; and they told +them. Then said the men that met them, "You have but two difficulties +more to meet with, and then you are in the City." + +Christian, then, and his companion, asked the men to go along with them; +so they told them that they would. "But," said they, "you must obtain it +by your own faith." So I saw in my dream that they went on together till +they came in sight of the gate. + +[Sidenote: A RIVER INTERVENES] + +Now I further saw, that betwixt them and the gate was a river; but there +was no bridge to go over, and the river was very deep. At the sight, +therefore, of this river, the pilgrims were much stunned; but the men +that went with them said, "You must go through, or you cannot come at +the gate." + +The pilgrims then began to inquire if there was no other way to the +gate; to which they answered, "Yes; but there hath not any save two, to +wit, Enoch and Elijah, been permitted to tread that path since the +foundation of the world, nor shall until the last trumpet shall sound." +The pilgrims then, especially Christian, began to be anxious in his +mind, and looked this way and that; but no way could be found by them by +which they might escape the river. Then they asked the men if the waters +were all of a depth. They said, "No," yet they could not help them in +that case; "for," said they, "you shall find it deeper or shallower as +you believe in the King of the place." + +They then addressed themselves to the water; and, entering, Christian +began to sink, and crying out to his good friend Hopeful, he said, "I +sink in deep waters; the billows go over my head; all His waves go over +me." + +Then said the other, "Be of good cheer, my brother; I feel the bottom, +and it is good." Then said Christian, "Ah! my friend, the sorrows of +death have compassed me about; I shall not see the land that flows with +milk and honey." And with that, a great darkness and horror fell upon +Christian, so that he could not see before him. Also here he in a great +measure lost his senses, so that he could neither remember nor orderly +talk of any of those sweet refreshments that he had met with in the way +of his pilgrimage. But all the words that he spake still tended to show +that he had horror of mind, and heart-fears that he should die in that +river, and never obtain entrance in at the gate. Here also, as they that +stood by perceived, he was much in the troublesome thoughts of the sins +that he had committed, both since and before he began to be a pilgrim. +It was also observed that he was troubled with the sight of demons and +evil spirits; for ever and anon he would intimate so much by words. + +Hopeful, therefore, here had much ado to keep his brother's head above +water; yea, sometimes he would be quite gone down, and then, ere a while +he would rise up again half dead. Hopeful would also endeavor to comfort +him, saying, "Brother, I see the gate, and men standing by to receive +us;" but Christian would answer, "It is you, it is you they wait for: +you have been hopeful ever since I knew you." "And so have you," said he +to Christian. "Ah, brother," said he, "surely, if I were right, He would +now arise to help me; but for my sins He hath brought me into this +snare, and hath left me." Then said Hopeful, "My brother, these troubles +and distresses that you go through in these waters are no sign that God +hath forsaken you; but are sent to try you, whether you will call to +mind that which hitherto you have received of His goodness, and live +upon Him in your distresses." + +Then I saw in my dream that Christian was in thought awhile. To whom +also Hopeful added these words, "Be of good cheer, Jesus Christ maketh +thee whole." And, with that, Christian brake out with a loud voice, "Oh, +I see Him again; and He tells me, 'When thou passest through the waters, +I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow +thee.'" Then they both took courage; and the enemy was, after that, as +still as a stone, until they were gone over. Christian, therefore, +presently found ground to stand upon; and so it followed that the rest +of the river was but shallow. Thus they got over. + +[Sidenote: TWO SHINING MEN] + +Now, upon the bank of the river, on the other side, they saw the two +Shining Men again, who there waited for them. Wherefore, being come out +of the river, they saluted them, saying, "We are heavenly spirits, sent +forth to help those that shall be heirs of salvation." Thus they went +along towards the gate. Now, you must note that the City stood upon a +mighty hill; but the pilgrims went up that hill with ease, because they +had these two men to lead them up by the arms; also they had left their +mortal garments behind them in the river; for though they went in with +them, they came out without them. They therefore went up here with much +activity and speed, though the foundation upon which the City was framed +was higher than the clouds. They therefore went up through the regions +of the air, sweetly talking as they went, being comforted because they +had safely got over the river, and had such glorious companions to +attend them. + +[Sidenote: MOUNT ZION] + +The talk they had with the Shining Ones, was about the glory of the +place; who told them that the beauty and glory of it were such as could +not be put into words. "There," said they, "is the Mount Zion, the +heavenly Jerusalem, the innumerable company of angels, and the spirits +of good men made perfect. You are going now," said they, "to the +Paradise of God, wherein you shall see the tree of life, and eat of the +never-fading fruits thereof; and when you come there, you shall have +white robes given you, and your walk and talk shall be every day with +the King, even all the days of an eternal life. There you shall not see +again such things as you saw when you were in the lower region upon the +earth; to wit, sorrow, sickness, affliction, and death; 'for the former +things are passed away.' You are going now to Abraham, to Isaac, and to +Jacob, and to the prophets, men that God hath taken away from the evil +to come, and that are now resting upon their beds, each one walking in +his righteousness." The men then asked, "What must we do in the holy +place?" To whom it was answered, "You must there receive the comfort of +all your toil, and have joy for all your sorrow; you must reap what you +have sown, even the fruit of all your prayers, and tears, and sufferings +for the King by the way. In that place you must wear crowns of gold, +and enjoy the perpetual sight and visions of the Holy One; for there you +shall see Him as He is. There also you shall serve Him continually with +praise, with shouting and thanksgiving, whom you desired to serve in the +world, though with much difficulty, because of the weakness of your +bodies. There your eyes shall be delighted with seeing and your ears +with hearing the pleasant voice of the Mighty One. There you shall enjoy +your friends again that are gone thither before you; and there you shall +with joy receive even every one that follows into the holy place after +you. There also you shall be clothed with glory and majesty, and put +into a state fit to ride out with the King of Glory. When He shall come +with sound of trumpet in the clouds, as upon the wings of the wind, you +shall come with Him; and when He shall sit upon the throne of judgment, +you shall sit by Him; yea, and when He shall pass sentence upon all the +workers of evil, let them be angels or men, you also shall have a voice +in that judgment because they were His and your enemies. Also, when He +shall again return to the City, you shall go too, with sound of trumpet, +and be ever with Him." + +Now, while they were thus drawing towards the gate, behold, a company of +the heavenly host came out to meet them; to whom it was said by the +other two Shining Ones, "These are the men that have loved our Lord when +in the world, and that have left all for His holy name; and He hath +sent us to fetch them, and we have brought them thus far on their +desired journey, that they may go in and look their Redeemer in the face +with joy." Then the heavenly host gave a great shout, saying, "Blessed +are they which are called to the marriage supper of the Lamb." There +came out also at this time to meet them several of the King's +trumpeters, clothed in white and shining raiment who, with melodious +noises and loud, made even the heavens to echo with their sound. These +trumpeters saluted Christian and his fellow with ten thousand welcomes +from the world; and this they did with shouting and sound of trumpet. + +[Sidenote: THE CELESTIAL CITY] + +This done, they compassed them round on every side; some went before, +some behind, and some on the right hand, some on the left (as it were to +guard them through the upper regions), continually sounding as they +went, with melodious noise, in notes on high: so that the very sight was +to them that could behold it as if heaven itself was come down to meet +them. Thus, therefore, they walked on together; and, as they walked, +ever and anon these trumpeters, even with joyful sound, would, by mixing +their music, with looks and gestures, still signify to Christian and his +brother how welcome they were into their company, and with what gladness +they came to meet them. And now were these two men as it were in heaven +before they came at it, being swallowed up with the sight of angels, and +with hearing of their melodious notes. Here also they had the City +itself in view, and thought they heard all the bells therein to ring, +and welcome them thereto. But, above all, the warm and joyful thoughts +that they had about their own dwelling there with such company, and that +for ever and ever, oh! by what tongue or pen can their glorious joy be +expressed? + +And thus they came up to the gate. Now, when they were come up to the +gate, there was written over it in letters of gold, "BLESSED ARE THEY +THAT DO HIS COMMANDMENTS, THAT THEY MAY HAVE RIGHT TO THE TREE OF LIFE, +AND MAY ENTER IN THROUGH THE GATES INTO THE CITY." + +Then I saw in my dream, that the Shining Men bid them call at the gate: +the which when they did, some from above looked over the gate: such as +Enoch, Moses, and Elijah, and others, to whom it was said, "These +pilgrims are come from the City of Destruction, for the love that they +bear to the King of this place." And then the pilgrims gave in unto them +each man his certificate, which they had received in the beginning; +those therefore were carried in to the King, who, when He had read them, +said, "Where are the men?" To whom it was answered, "They are standing +without the gate." The King then commanded to open the gate, "that the +righteous nation," said He, "which keepeth the truth, may enter in." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that these two men went in at the gate; and lo! +as they entered, their looks were changed so that their faces became +bright; and they had garments put on that shone like gold. There were +also that met them with harps and crowns, and gave them to them--the +harps to praise withal, and the crowns in token of honor. Then I heard +in my dream that all the bells in the City rang again for joy, and that +it was said unto them, "Enter ye into the joy of your Lord." I also +heard the men themselves, that they sang with a loud voice, saying, +"Blessing, and honor, and glory, and power, be unto Him that sitteth +upon the throne, and unto the Lamb, for ever and ever!" + +Now, just as the gates were opened to let in the men, I looked in after +them, and behold, the City shone like the sun; the streets also were +paved with gold; and in them walked many men with crowns on their heads, +palms in their hands, and golden harps to sing praises withal. + +There were also of them that had wings, and they answered one another +without ceasing, saying, "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord!" And, after +that, they shut up the gates; which when I had seen, I wished myself +among them. + +[Sidenote: IGNORANCE FAILS TO ENTER] + +Now while I was gazing upon all these things, I turned my head to look +back, and saw Ignorance come up to the river-side; but he soon got over, +and that without half the difficulty which the other two men met with. +For it happened that there was then in the place one Vain-Hope, a +ferryman, that with his boat helped him over; so he, as the others I +saw, did ascend the hill, to come up to the gate; only he came alone, +neither did any man meet him with the least encouragement. When he was +come up to the gate, he looked up to the writing that was above, and +then began to knock, supposing that entrance should have been quickly +given to him; but he was asked by the men that looked over the top of +the gate, "Whence came you? and what would you have?" He answered, "I +have eaten and drunk in the presence of the King, and He has taught in +our streets." Then they asked him for his certificate, that they might +go in and show it to the King: so he fumbled in his bosom for one, and +found none. Then said they, "Have you none?" But the man answered never +a word. So they told the King; but He would not come down to see him, +but commanded the two Shining Ones that conducted Christian and Hopeful +to the City, to go out and take Ignorance, and bind him hand and foot, +and have him away. Then they took him up, and carried him through the +air to the door that I saw in the side of the hill, and put him in +there. Then I saw that there was a way to hell, even from the gates of +heaven, as well as from the City of Destruction! + + * * * * * + +So I awoke, and behold, it was a dream. + + + + +CONCLUSION. + + + Now, reader, I have told my dream to thee, + See if thou canst interpret it to me, + Or to thyself or neighbor; but take heed + Of misinterpreting; for that, instead + Of doing good, will but thyself abuse: + By misinterpreting, evil ensues. + Take heed also that thou be not extreme + In playing with the outside of my dream; + Nor let my figure or similitude + Put thee into a laughter or a feud. + Leave this for boys and fools; but as for thee, + Do thou the substance of my matter see. + Put by the curtains, look within my veil; + Turn up my metaphors, and do not fail, + There, if thou seekest them, such things to find + As will be helpful to an honest mind. + What of my dross thou findest there, be bold + To throw away; but yet preserve the gold. + What if my gold be wrapped up in ore?-- + None throws away the apple for the core. + But if thou shalt cast all away as vain, + I know not but t'will make me dream again. + + + + +THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. + +PART II. + + + + +CHAPTER I. + +COURTEOUS COMPANIONS,-- + + +Some time since, to tell you my dream that I had of Christian the +Pilgrim, and of his dangerous journey towards the Celestial Country, was +pleasant to me and profitable to you. I told you then, also, what I saw +concerning his wife and children, and how unwilling they were to go with +him on pilgrimage, insomuch that he was forced to go on his progress +without them; for he durst not run the danger of that destruction which +he feared would come by staying with them in the City of Destruction; +wherefore, as I then showed you, he left them and departed. + +Now, it hath so happened, through the abundance of business, that I have +been much hindered and kept back from my wonted travels into those parts +whence he went, and so could not, till now, obtain an opportunity to +make further inquiry after those whom he left behind, that I might give +you an account of them. But, having had some concerns that way of late, +I went down again thitherward. Now, having taken up my lodgings in a +wood about a mile off the place, as I slept I dreamed again. + +[Sidenote: THE AUTHOR AND MR. SAGACITY] + +And as I was in my dream, behold, an aged gentleman came by where I lay; +and, because he was to go some part of the way that I was travelling, +methought I got up and went with him. So, as we walked, and as travelers +usually do, I was as if we fell into discourse; and our talk happened to +be about Christian and his travels; for thus I began with the old man: + +"Sir," said I, "what town is that there below, that lieth on the left +hand of our way?" + +Then said Mr. Sagacity (for that was his name), "It is the City of +Destruction; a populous place, but possessed with a very ill-conditioned +and idle sort of people." + +"I thought that was that city," quoth I: "I went once myself through +that town, and therefore know that this report you give of it is true." + +SAG. Too true! I wish I could speak truth in speaking better of them +that dwell therein. + +"Well, sir," quoth I, "then I perceive you to be a well-meaning man, and +so one that takes pleasure to hear and tell of that which is good. Pray, +did you never hear what happened to a man some time ago of this town +(whose name was Christian), that went on pilgrimage up towards the +higher regions?" + +SAG. Hear of him! Ay, and I also heard of the difficulties, troubles, +wars, captivities, cries, groans, frights and fears that he met with and +had in his journey. Besides, I must tell you all our country rings of +him: there are but few houses that have heard of him and his doings but +have sought after and got the record of his pilgrimage. Yea, I think I +may say that his hazardous journey has got many wellwishers to his ways; +for though, when he was here, he was a fool in every man's mouth, yet +now he is gone he is highly commended of all. For 'tis said he lives +bravely where he is: yea, many of them that are resolved never to run +his risks yet have their mouths water at his gains. + +"They may," quoth I, "well think, if they think anything that is true, +that he liveth well where he is; for he now lives at and in the Fountain +of Life, and has what he has without labor and sorrow; for there is no +grief mixed therewith. But, pray, what talk have the people about him?" + +SAG. Talk! the people talk strangely about him: some say that he now +walks in white; that he has a chain of gold about his neck; that he has +a crown of gold beset with pearls upon his head. Others say that the +Shining Ones, that sometimes showed themselves unto him in his journey, +are become his companions, and that he is as familiar with them in the +place where he is, as here one neighbor is with another. Besides, it is +confidently spoken concerning him, that the King of the place where he +is has bestowed upon him already a very rich and pleasant dwelling at +court, and that he every day eateth and drinketh and walketh with Him, +and receiveth of the smiles and favors of Him that is judge of all +there. Moreover, it is expected of some, that his Prince, the Lord of +that country, will shortly come into these parts, and will know the +reason, if they can give any, why his neighbors set so little by him, +and had him so much in derision, when they perceived that he would be a +Pilgrim. For they say, now he is so in the affections of his Prince, and +that his Sovereign is so much concerned with the wrongs that were cast +upon Christian when he became a Pilgrim, that He will look upon all as +if done unto Himself; and no marvel, for it was for the love that he had +to his Prince that he ventured as he did. + +[Sidenote: SAGACITY TELLS OF CHRISTIANA] + +"I daresay," quoth I; "I am glad on't; I am glad for the poor man's +sake, for that he now has rest from his labor, and for that he reapeth +the benefit of his tears with joy, and for that he has got beyond +gunshot of his enemies, and is out of the reach of them that hate him. I +also am glad for that a rumor of these things is noised abroad in this +country: who can tell but that it may work some good effect on some that +are left behind? But pray, sir, while it is fresh in my mind, do you +hear anything of his wife and children? Poor hearts! I wonder in my mind +what they do." + +SAG. Who? Christiana and her sons? They are like to do as well as did +Christian himself; for, though they all played the fool at first, and +would by no means be persuaded by either the tears or entreaties of +Christian, yet, second thoughts have wrought wonderfully with them, so +they have packed up, and are also gone after him. + +"Better and better," quoth I: "but, what! wife and children and all?" + +SAG. It is true: I can give you an account of the matter, for I was upon +the spot at the instant, and was thoroughly acquainted with the whole +affair. + +"Then," said I, "a man, it seems, may report it for a truth?" + +SAG. You need not fear to declare it. I mean, that they are all gone on +pilgrimage, both the good woman and her four boys. And, since (we are, +as I perceive) going some considerable way together, I will give you an +account of the whole matter. + +This Christiana (for that was her name from the day that she, with her +children betook themselves to a pilgrim's life) after her husband had +gone over the river, and she could hear of him no more, her thoughts +began to work in her mind. First, for that she had lost her husband, and +of that the loving bond of that relation was utterly broken betwixt +them. For you know (said he to me) it is only natural that the living +should have many sad thoughts, in the remembrance of the loss of loving +relations. This, therefore, of her husband, did cost her many a tear. +But this was not all; for Christiana did also begin to consider with +herself, whether unbecoming behavior towards her husband was not one +cause that she saw him no more, and that in such sort he was taken away +from her. And, upon this, came into her mind, by swarms, all her unkind, +unnatural, and ungodly treatment of her dear friend; which also troubled +her conscience, and did load her with guilt. She was, moreover, much +broken with recalling to remembrance the restless groans, brinish tears, +and self-bemoanings of her husband, and how she did harden her heart +against all his entreaties and loving persuasions of her and her sons to +go with him; yea, there was not anything that Christian either said to +her or did before her, all the while that his burden did hang on his +back, but it returned upon her like a flash of lightning, and rent her +heart in sunder. Specially that bitter outcry of his, "What shall I do +to be saved?" did ring in her ears most dolefully. + +Then said she to her children, "Sons, we are all undone. I have sinned +away your father, and he is gone; he would have had us with him, but I +would not go myself; I also have hindered you of life." + +With that, the boys fell all into tears, and cried out to go after their +father. + +"Oh," said Christiana, "that it had been but our lot to go with him! +then had it fared well with us, beyond what it is like to do now. For +though I formerly foolishly imagined, concerning the troubles of your +father, that they came from a foolish fancy that he had, or for that he +was overrun with melancholy humors; yet now it will not out of my mind +but that they sprang from another cause; and it was this, that the light +of life was given him, by the help of which, as I perceive, he has +escaped the snares of death." + +[Sidenote: OF CHRISTIANA'S DREAM] + +Then they all wept again, and cried out, "Oh, woe worth the day!" + +The next night Christiana had a dream; and, behold, she saw as if a +broad parchment were opened before her, in which were recorded the sum +of her ways; and the times, as she thought, looked very black upon her. +Then she cried out aloud in her sleep, "Lord, have mercy upon me a +sinner!" and the little children heard her. + +After this, she thought she saw two very ill-favored ones standing by +her bed-side, and saying, "What shall we do with this woman? for she +cries out for mercy waking and sleeping: if she be suffered to go on as +she begins, we shall lose her as we have lost her husband. Wherefore we +must, by one way or other, seek to take her off from the thoughts of +what shall be hereafter; else, all the world cannot help but she will +become a pilgrim." + +Now she awoke in a great sweat; also a trembling was upon her; but after +a while, she fell to sleeping again. And then she thought she saw +Christian her husband in a place of bliss, among many immortals, with a +harp in his hand, standing and playing upon it before One that sat upon +a throne, with a rainbow about His head. + +She saw, also, as if he bowed his head with his face to the paved work +that was under the Prince's feet, saying, "I heartily thank my Lord and +King for bringing of me into this place." Then shouted a company of them +that stood round about, and harped with their harps; but no man living +could tell what they said, but Christian and his companions. + +Next morning, when she was up, and had prayed to God and talked with her +children a while, one knocked hard at the door; to whom she spake out, +saying, "If thou comest in God's name, come in." So he said, "Amen," and +opened the door, and saluted her with "Peace be to this house!" The +which, when he had done, he said, "Christiana, knowest thou wherefore I +am come?" Then she blushed and trembled, also her heart began to wax +warm with desires to know from whence he came, and what was his errand +to her. So he said unto her, "My name is Secret: I dwell with those that +are on high. It is talked of where I dwell, as if thou hadst a desire to +go thither; also there is a report that thou art aware of the evil thou +hast formerly done to thy husband, in hardening thy heart against his +way, and in keeping of these thy babes in their ignorance. Christiana, +the Merciful One hath sent me to tell thee, that He is a God ready to +forgive, and that He taketh delight to pardon offences. He also would +have thee know that He inviteth thee to come into His presence, to His +table, and that He will feed thee with the fat of His house, and with +the heritage of Jacob thy father. + +"There is Christian, thy husband that was, with legions more, his +companions, ever behold that face that doth minister life to beholders; +and they will be glad when they shall hear the sound of thy feet step +over thy Father's threshold." + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIANA IS SENT FOR] + +Christiana at this was greatly abashed in herself, and bowed her head to +the ground. + +This visitor proceeded, and said, "Christiana, here is also a letter for +thee, which I have brought from thy husband's King." So she took it, and +opened it; but it smelt after the manner of the best perfume; also it +was written in letters of gold. The contents of the letter were these: +"That the King would have her to do as Christian her husband; for that +was the way to come to His City, and to dwell in His presence with joy +for ever." + +At this the good woman was quite overcome; so she cried out to her +visitor, "Sir, will you carry me and my children with you, that we also +may worship this King?" + +Then said the visitor, "Christiana, the bitter is before the sweet. Thou +must through troubles, as did he that went before thee, enter the +Celestial City. Wherefore I advise thee to do as did Christian thy +husband: go to the wicket-gate yonder over the plain, for that stands in +the head of the way up which you must go; and I wish thee all good +speed. Also I advise that thou put this letter in thy bosom, that thou +read therein to thyself, and to thy children, until you have got it by +rote of heart: for it is one of the songs that thou must sing while thou +art in this house of thy pilgrimage. Also this thou must deliver in at +the farther gate." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that this old gentleman, as he told me the +story, did himself seem to be greatly affected therewith. He moreover +went on, and said: + +So Christiana called her sons together, and began thus to address +herself unto them: "My sons, I have, as you may perceive, been of late +under much trouble in my soul about the death of your father: not for +that I doubt at all of his happiness, for I am satisfied now that he is +well. I have also been much affected with the thoughts of mine own state +and yours, which I verily believe is by nature miserable. My treatment +also of your father in his distress is a great load to my conscience, +for I hardened both mine own heart and yours against him, and refused to +go with him on pilgrimage. + +"The thoughts of these things would now kill me outright, but for a +dream which I had last night, and but for the encouragement that this +stranger has given me this morning. Come, my children, let us pack up, +and be gone to the gate that leads to the Celestial Country, that we may +see your father, and be with him and his companions in peace, according +to the laws of that land." + +Then did her children burst out into tears, for joy that the heart of +their mother was so inclined. So their visitor bade them farewell; and +they began to prepare to set out for their journey. + +[Sidenote: MRS. TIMOROUS AND CHRISTIANA] + +But while they were thus about to be gone, two of the women that were +Christiana's neighbors came up to the house, and knocked at the door. +To whom she said as before, "if you come in God's name, come in." At +this the women were stunned; for this kind of language they used not to +hear, or to perceive to drop from the lips of Christiana. Yet they came +in; but, behold they found the good woman preparing to be gone from her +house. + +So they began, and said, "Neighbor, pray what is your meaning by this?" + +Christiana answered and said to the eldest of them, whose name was Mrs. +Timorous, "I am preparing for a journey." + +This Timorous was daughter to him that met Christian upon the Hill +Difficulty, and would have had him go back for fear of the lions. + +TIM. For what journey, I pray you? + +CHR. Even to go after my good husband. And with that she fell a weeping. + +TIM. I hope not so, good neighbor. Pray, for your poor children's sake, +do not so unwomanly cast away yourself. + +CHR. Nay, my children shall go with me; not one of them is willing to +stay behind. + +TIM. I wonder in my very heart what or who has brought you into this +mind! + +CHR. Oh, neighbor, knew you but as much as I do, I doubt not but that +you would go with me. + +TIM. Prithee, what new knowledge hast thou got that so worketh off thy +mind from thy friends, and that tempteth thee to go nobody knows where? + +CHR. Then Christiana replied, "I have been sorely afflicted since my +husband's departure from me, but especially since he went over the +river. But that which troubleth me most is my unkind treatment of him +when he was under his distress. Besides, I am now as he was then: +nothing will serve me but going on pilgrimage. I was a-dreaming last +night that I saw him. Oh that my soul was with him! He dwelleth in the +presence of the King of the country; he sits and eats with Him at His +table; he has become a companion of immortals, and has a house now given +him to dwell in, to which the best palaces on earth, if compared, seem +to me but as a dunghill. The Prince of the place has also sent for me, +with promises of entertainment if I shall come to Him; His messenger was +here even now, and has brought me a letter which invites me to come." +And with that she plucked out the letter, and read it, and said to them, +"What now will you say to this?" + +[Sidenote: MERCY ALSO DESIRES TO GO] + +TIM. Oh, the madness that hath possessed thee and thy husband, to run +yourselves upon such difficulties! You have heard, I am sure, what your +husband did meet with, even in a manner at the first step that he took +on his way, as our neighbor Obstinate can yet testify, for he went along +with them, yea, and Pliable too; until they, like wise men, were afraid +to go any farther. We also heard, over and above, how he met with the +lions, Apollyon, the Shadow of Death, and many other things. Nor is the +danger he met with at Vanity Fair to be forgotten by thee. For if he, +though a man, was so hard put to it, what canst thou, being but a poor +woman, do? Consider also that these four sweet babes are thy children, +thy flesh and thy bones. Wherefore, though thou shouldest be so rash as +to cast away thyself, yet, for the sake of thy children, keep thou at +home. + +But Christiana said unto her, "Tempt me not, my neighbor. I have now a +price put into my hands to get gain, and I should be a fool of the +greatest size if I should have no heart to strike in with the +opportunity. And for that you tell me of all these troubles which I am +like to meet with in the way, they are so far off from being to me a +discouragement, that they show I am in the right. The bitter must come +before the sweet, and that also will make the sweet the sweeter. +Wherefore, since you came not to my house in God's name, as I said, I +pray you to be gone, and not to disquiet me further." + +Then Timorous reviled her, and said to her fellow, "Come, neighbor +Mercy, let us leave her in her own hands, since she scorns our counsel +and company." But Mercy was at a stand, and could not so readily comply +with her neighbor, and that for a twofold reason. 1. Her heart yearned +over Christiana; so she said within herself, "If my neighbor will needs +be gone, I will go a little way with her, and help her." 2. Her heart +yearned over her own soul; for what Christiana had said had taken hold +upon her mind. Wherefore she said within herself again, "I will yet have +more talk with this Christiana, and if I find truth and life in what she +shall say, myself, with my heart, shall also go with her." Wherefore +Mercy began thus to reply to her neighbor Timorous: + +MER. Neighbor, I did indeed come with you to see Christiana this +morning; and since she is, as you see, taking her last farewell of her +country, I think to walk this sunshiny morning a little with her, to +help her on her way. + +But she told her not of the second reason, but kept that to herself. + +TIM. Well, I see you have a mind to go a-fooling too; but take heed in +time, and be wise. While we are out of danger, we are out; but when we +are in, we are in. + +So Mrs. Timorous returned to her house, and Christiana betook herself to +her journey. But when Timorous was got home to her house, she sends for +some of her neighbors; to wit, Mrs. Bat's-eyes, Mrs. Inconsiderate, Mrs. +Light-mind, and Mrs. Know-nothing. So, when they were come to her house, +she falls to telling of the story of Christiana and of her intended +journey. And thus she began her tale: + +[Sidenote: MRS. TIMOROUS' NEIGHBORS] + +TIM. Neighbors, having had little to do this morning, I went to give +Christiana a visit; and when I came at the door, I knocked, as you know +it is our custom; and she answered, "If you come in God's name come in." +So in I went, thinking all was well; but when I came in I found her +preparing herself to depart the town, she and also her children. So I +asked her what was her meaning by that. And she told me, in short, that +she was now of a mind to go on pilgrimage, as did her husband. She told +me also a dream that she had, and how the King of the country where her +husband was had sent her an inviting letter to come thither. + +Then said Mrs. Know-nothing, "And, what! do you think she will go?" + +TIM. Ay, go she will, whatever comes on't; and methinks I know it by +this: for that which was my great reason in persuading her to stay at +home (that is, the troubles she was like to meet with in the way) is one +great reason with her to put her forward on her journey. For she told +me, in so many words, "The bitter goes before the sweet; yea, and +forasmuch as it so doth, it makes the sweet the sweeter." + +MRS. BAT'S-EYES. "Oh, this blind and foolish woman!" said she; "will she +not take warning by her husband's trials? For my part, I see, if he were +here again, he would rest him content in a whole skin, and never run so +many dangers for nothing." + +Mrs. Inconsiderate also replied, saying, "Away with such fantastical +fools from the town! a good riddance, for my part, I say, of her! Should +she stay where she dwells, and retain this her mind, who could live +quietly by her? for she will either be dumpish, or unneighborly, or +talk of such matters as no wise body can abide. Wherefore, for my part, +I shall never be sorry for her departure: let her go, and let better +come in her room. It was never a good world since these whimsical fools +dwelt in it." + +Then Mrs. Light-mind added as followeth: "Come, put this kind of talk +away. I was yesterday at Madam Wanton's, where we were as merry as the +maids. For who do you think should be there, but I and Mrs. +Love-the-Flesh, and three or four more, with Mr. Lechery, Mrs. Filth, +and some others. So there we had music and dancing, and what else was +meet to fill up the pleasure. And, I dare say, my lady herself is an +admirable well-bred gentlewoman, and Mr. Lechery is as pretty a +fellow." + + + + +CHAPTER II. + +THE WICKET-GATE. + + +By this time Christiana was got on her way, and Mercy went along with +her. So as they went, her children being there also, Christiana began to +discourse. "And, Mercy," said Christiana, "I take this as an unexpected +favor, that thou shouldest set forth out of doors with me, to accompany +me a little in my way." + +MER. Then said young Mercy (for she was but young), "If I thought it +would be a good purpose to go with you, I would never go near the town +any more." + +CHR. "Well, Mercy," said Christiana, "cast in thy lot with me: I well +know what will be the end of our pilgrimage: my husband is where he +would not but be for all the gold in the Spanish mines. Nor shalt thou +be turned away, though thou goest but upon my invitation. The King who +hath sent for me and my children is One that delighteth in mercy. +Besides, if thou wilt, I will hire thee, and thou shalt go along with me +as my servant; yet we will have all things in common betwixt thee and +me, only go along with me." + +MER. But how shall I be sure that I also shall be welcomed? Had I this +hope but from one that can tell, I would have no hesitation at all, but +would go, being helped by Him that can help, though the way be never so +tedious. + +CHR. Well, loving Mercy, I will tell thee what thou shalt do: go with me +to the wicket-gate, and there I will further inquire for thee; and if +there thou dost not meet with encouragement, I will be content that thou +shalt return to thy place: I also will pay thee for thy kindness which +thou showest to me and my children, in the accompanying of us in our way +as thou dost. + +[Sidenote: MERCY GOES WITH CHRISTIANA] + +MER. Then will I go thither, and will take what shall follow; and the +Lord grant that my lot may there fall, even as the King of heaven shall +have His heart upon me! + +Christiana was then glad at her heart, not only that she had a +companion, but also for that she had prevailed with this poor maid to +fall in love with her own salvation. So they went on together and Mercy +began to weep. + +Then said Christiana, "Wherefore weepeth my sister so?" + +MER. "Alas!" said she, "who can but lament, that shall but rightly +consider what a state and condition my poor relations are in, that yet +remain in our sinful town? And that which makes my grief the more heavy +is, because they have no one to teach them nor to tell them what is to +come." + +CHR. Tenderness becometh pilgrims; and thou dost for thy friends as my +good Christian did for me when he left me: he mourned for that I would +not heed nor regard him; but his Lord and ours did gather up his tears, +and put them into His bottle; and now both I and thou, and these my +sweet babes, are reaping the fruit and benefit of them I hope, Mercy, +that these tears of thine will not be lost; for the Truth hath said that +"they that sow in tears shall reap in joy," in singing; and "he that +goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come +again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him." + +Then said Mercy: + + "Let the Most Blessèd be my guide, + If 't be His blessèd will, + Unto His gate, into His fold, + Up to His holy hill. + + "And never let Him suffer me + To swerve or turn aside + From His free grace and holy ways, + Whate'er shall me betide. + + "And let Him gather them of mine + That I have left behind: + Lord, make them pray they may be Thine, + With all their heart and mind." + +Now my old friend proceeded, and said, "But when Christiana came to the +Slough of Despond, she began to be at a stand; 'For,' said she, 'this is +the place in which my dear husband had like to have been smothered with +mud.' She perceived also that, notwithstanding the command of the King +to make this place for pilgrims good, yet it was rather worse than +formerly." So I asked if that was true. + +"Yes," said the old gentleman, "too true, for many there be that pretend +to be the King's laborers, and say they are for mending the King's +highway, that bring dirt and dung instead of stones, and so mar instead +of mending. Here Christiana, therefore, with her boys, did make a stand. +But said Mercy, 'Come, let us venture, only let us be wary.' Then they +looked well to their steps, and made shift to get staggeringly over. Yet +Christiana had to have been in, and that not once nor twice. + +"Now, they had no sooner got over, but they thought they heard words +that said unto them, 'Blessed is she that believeth, for there shall be +a performance of those things which were told her from the Lord.' + +"Then they went on again; and said Mercy to Christiana, 'Had I as good +ground to hope for a loving reception at the wicket-gate as you, I think +no Slough of Despond would discourage me.' + +"'Well,' said the other, 'You know your trouble, and I know mine; and, +good friend, we shall have enough evil before we come at our journey's +end. For can it be imagined that the people that design to attain such +excellent glories as we do, and that are so envied that happiness as we +are, but that we shall meet with what fears, with what troubles and +afflictions they can possibly assault us with, that hate us?'" + +[Sidenote: AT THE WICKET GATE] + +And now Mr. Sagacity left me to dream out my dream by myself. Wherefore, +methought I saw Christiana, and Mercy, and the boys, go all of them up +to the gate; to which when they were come they betook themselves to a +short debate about how they must manage their calling at the gate, and +what should be said unto him that did open unto them: so it was +concluded, since Christiana was the eldest, that she should knock for +entrance, and that she should speak to him that did open, for the rest. +So Christiana began to knock, and, as her poor husband did, she knocked +and knocked again. But instead of any that answered, they all thought +that they heard as if a dog came barking upon them; a dog, and a great +one too: and this made the women and children afraid, nor durst they for +a while to knock any more, for fear the mastiff should fly upon them. +Now, therefore, they were greatly tumbled up and down in their minds, +and knew not what to do. Knock they durst not, for fear of the dog; go +back they durst not, for fear the keeper of the gate should espy them as +they so went, and should be offended with them. At last they thought of +knocking again, and knocked more loudly than they did at first. Then +said the Keeper of the gate, "Who is there?" So the dog left off to +bark, and He opened unto them. + +Then Christiana made low obeisance, and said, "Let not our Lord be +offended with His handmaidens, for that we have knocked at His princely +gate." + +Then said the Keeper, "Whence come ye? and what is it that you would +have?" + +Christiana answered, "We are come from whence Christian did come, and +upon the same errand as he; to wit, to be, if it shall please you, +graciously admitted by this gate into the way that leads to the +Celestial City. And I answer, my Lord, in the next place, that I am +Christiana, once the wife of Christian, that now is gotten above." + +With that the Keeper of the gate did marvel, saying, "What! is she now +become a pilgrim, that, but a while ago hated that life?" + +Then she bowed her head, and said, "Yes; and so are these my sweet babes +also." + +Then He took her by the hand, and let her in, and said also, "Suffer the +little children to come unto me;" and with that He shut up the gate. +This done, He called to a trumpeter that was above, over the gate, to +entertain Christiana with shouting and sound of trumpet for joy. So he +obeyed, and sounded, and filled the air with his melodious notes. + +Now, all this while poor Mercy did stand without trembling and crying, +for fear that she was rejected. But when Christiana had got admittance +for herself and her boys, then she began to make intercession for Mercy. + +[Sidenote: MERCY FALLS IN A SWOON] + +CHR. And she said, "My Lord, I have a companion of mine that stands yet +without, that is come hither upon the same account as myself, one that +is much troubled in her mind, for that she comes, as she thinks, without +sending for; whereas I was sent to by my husband's King to come." + +Now Mercy began to be very impatient, for each minute was as long to her +as an hour; wherefore she prevented Christiana from asking for her more +fully by knocking at the gate herself. And she knocked then so loud that +she made Christiana to start. Then said the Keeper of the gate, "Who is +there?" And said Christiana, "It is my friend." + +So He opened the gate and looked out; but Mercy was fallen down without +in a swoon, for she fainted, and was afraid that no gate would be opened +to her. + +Then he took her by the hand, and said, "Maiden, I bid thee arise." + +"Oh, sir," said she, "I am faint: there is scarce life left in me." + +But He answered that "One once said, 'When my soul fainted within me, I +remembered the Lord; and my prayer came in unto Thee, into Thy holy +temple.' Fear not, but stand upon thy feet, and tell me wherefore thou +art come." + +MER. I am come for that unto which I was never invited, as my friend +Christiana was. Hers was from the King, and mine was but from her. +Wherefore I fear I presume. + +KEEP. Did she desire thee to come with her to this place? + +MER. Yes; and, as my Lord sees, I am come. And if there is any grace and +forgiveness of sins to spare, I beseech that I, Thy poor handmaiden, may +be partaker thereof. + +[Sidenote: MERCY PERMITTED TO ENTER] + +Then He took her again by the hand, and led her gently in, and said, "I +pray for all them that believe on me, by what means soever they come +unto me." Then said He to those that stood by, "Fetch something, and +give it to Mercy to smell on, thereby to stay her fainting." So they +fetched her a bundle of myrrh, and a while after she was revived. + +And now was Christiana and her boys and Mercy received of the Lord at +the head of the way, and spoke kindly unto by Him. Then said they yet +further unto Him, "We are sorry for our sins, and beg of our Lord His +pardon and further information what we must do." + +"I grant pardon," said He, "by word and deed: by word, in the promise of +forgiveness; by deed, in the way I obtained it. Take the first from my +lips with a kiss, and the other as it shall be revealed." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that He spake many good words unto them, whereby +they were greatly gladded. He also had them up to the top of the gate, +and showed them by what deed they were saved; and told them withal that +that sight they would have again as they went along the way, to their +comfort. + +So He left them a while in a summer parlor below, where they entered +into a talk by themselves; and thus Christiana began: + +"O Lord, how glad am I that we are got in hither!" + +MER. So you well may; but I of all have cause to leap for joy. + +CHR. I thought one time as I stood at the gate, because I knocked, and +none did answer, that all our labor had been lost, specially when that +ugly cur made such a heavy barking against us. + +MER. But my worst fear was after I saw that you were taken into His +favor, and that I was left behind. Now, thought I, it is fulfilled which +is written, "Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be +taken, and the other left." I had much ado to forbear crying out, +"Undone! undone!" And afraid I was to knock any more: but when I looked +up to what was written over the gate, I took courage. I also thought +that I must either knock again or die; so I knocked, but I cannot tell +how, for my spirit now struggled betwixt life and death. + +_Chr._ Can you not tell how you knocked? I am sure your knocks were so +earnest, that the very sound of them made me start. I thought I never +heard such knocking in all my life; I thought you would come in by +violent hands, or take the kingdom by storm. + +_Mer._ Alas! to be in my case, who that so was could but have done so? +You saw that the door was shut upon me, and that there was a most cruel +dog thereabout. Who, I say, that was so faint-hearted as I, would not +have knocked with all their might? But, pray, what said my Lord to my +rudeness? Was He not angry with me? + +CHR. When He heard your lumbering noise, He gave a wonderful innocent +smile; I believe what you did pleased Him well enough, for He showed no +sign to the contrary. But I marvel in my heart why he keeps such a dog; +had I known that afore, I should not have had heart enough to have +ventured myself in this manner. But now we are in, we are in, and I am +glad with all my heart. + +_Mer._ I will ask, if you please, next time He comes down, why He keeps +such a filthy cur in His yard. I hope He will not take it amiss. + +"Ay, do," said the children, "and persuade Him to hang him, for we are +afraid he will bite us when we go hence." + +So at last He came down to them again, and Mercy fell to the ground on +her face before Him, and worshiped, and said, "Let my Lord accept the +offering of praise which I now offer unto Him with my lips." + +[Sidenote: MERCY EXPRESSES HER FEARS] + +So He said unto her, "Peace be to thee; stand up." But she continued +upon her face, and said, "Righteous art Thou, O Lord, when I plead with +Thee; yet let me talk with Thee of Thy judgments. Wherefore dost Thou +keep so cruel a dog in Thy yard, at the sight of which such women and +children as we are ready to fly from the gate with fear?" He answered +and said, "That dog has another owner; he also is kept close in another +man's ground, only my pilgrims hear his barking: he belongs to the +castle which you see there at a distance, but can come up to the walls +of this place. He has frighted many an honest pilgrim from worse to +better, by the great voice of his roaring. Indeed, he that owneth him +doth not keep him out of any good-will to me or mine, but with intent to +keep the pilgrims from coming to me, and that they may be afraid to come +and knock at this gate for entrance. Sometimes also he has broken out, +and has worried some that I love; but I take all at present patiently. I +also give my pilgrims timely help, so that they are not delivered up to +his power, to do with them what his doggish nature would prompt him to. +But, what! my beloved one, I should suppose, hadst thou known even so +much beforehand, thou wouldst not have been afraid of a dog. The beggars +that go from door to door will, rather than lose a supposed alms, run +the danger of the bawling, barking, and biting too, of a dog; and shall +a dog in another man's yard, a dog whose barking I turn to the profit of +pilgrims, keep any one from coming to me? I deliver them from the lions, +their darling from the power of the dog." + +MER. Then said Mercy, "I confess my ignorance, I spake what I understood +not: I acknowledge that Thou doest all things well." + +CHR. Then Christiana began to talk of their journey, and to inquire +after the way. + +So He fed them, and washed their feet, and set them in the way of His +steps, according as He had dealt with her husband before. + +So I saw in my dream that they walked on in their way, and had the +weather very comfortable to them. + +Then Christiana began to sing: + + "Blessed be the day that I began + A pilgrim for to be; + And blessèd also be the man + That thereto movèd me. + + "'Tis true 'twas long ere I began + To seek to live for ever; + But now I run fast as I can: + 'Tis better late than never. + + "Our tears to joy, our fears to faith, + Are turnèd, as we see; + Thus our beginning (as one saith) + Shows what our end will be." + +Now, there was, on the other side of the wall that fenced in the way up +which Christiana and her companions were to go, a garden, and that +garden belonged to him whose was that barking dog, of whom mention was +made before. And some of the fruit-trees that grew in that garden shot +their branches over the wall; and, being mellow, they that found them +did gather them up and oft eat of them to their hurt. So Christiana's +boys, as boys are apt to do, being pleased with the trees, and the fruit +that did hang thereon, did bend the branches down, and pluck the fruit, +and begin to eat. Their mother did also chide them for so doing; but +still the boys went on. + +[Illustration: Christiana's Boys Began to Eat. + Page 231] + +"Well," said she, "my sons, you do wrong, for that fruit is none of +ours;" but she did not know that it did belong to the enemy: I'll +warrant you, if she had, she would have been ready to die for fear. But +that passed, and they went on their way. + +[Sidenote: THE ILL-FAVORED ONES] + +Now, by that they were gone about two bow-shots from the place that led +them unto the way, they espied two very ill-favored ones coming down +apace to meet them. With that, Christiana, and Mercy her friend, covered +themselves with their veils, and so kept on their journey; the children +also went on before; so that, at last, they met together. Then they that +came down to meet them came just up to the women, as if they would +embrace them; but Christiana said, "Stand back, or go peaceably by, as +you should." + +Yet these two, as men that are deaf, regarded not Christiana's words, +but began to lay hands upon them. At that, Christiana, waxing very +wroth, spurned at them with her feet. Mercy also, as well as she could, +did what she could to shift them. Christiana again said to them, "Stand +back, and be gone; for we have no money to lose, being pilgrims, as you +see, and such, too, as live upon the charity of our friends." + +ILL-FAVORED ONE. Then said one of the two men, "We make no assault upon +you for money, but are come out to tell you that, if you will grant one +small request which we shall ask, we will make women of you for ever." + +CHR. Now Christiana, imagining what they should mean, made answer again, +"We will neither hear nor regard, nor yield to what you shall ask. We +are in haste, and cannot stay; our business is a business of life or +death." + +So again she and her companions made a fresh attempt to go past them; +but they letted them in their way. + +ILL-FAV. And they said, "We intend no hurt to your lives; it is another +thing we would have." + +CHR. "Ay," quoth Christiana, "you would have us body and soul, for I +know it is for that you are come; but we will die rather upon the spot, +than to suffer ourselves to be brought into such snares as shall risk +the loss of our well-being hereafter." And, with that, they both +shrieked out, and cried, "Murder! murder!" and so put themselves under +those laws that are provided for the protection of women. But the men +still made their approach upon them, with design to prevail against +them. They therefore cried out again. + +[Sidenote: A RELIEVER APPEARS] + +Now, they being, as I said, far from the gate in at which they came, +their voices were heard from where they were, thither; wherefore some of +the house came out, and, knowing it was Christiana's tongue, they made +haste to her relief. But by the time that they were got within sight of +them, the women were in a very great terror; the children also stood +crying by. Then did he that came in for their relief call out to the +ruffians, saying, "What is that thing you do? Would you make my Lord's +people to do wrong?" He also attempted to take them, but they did make +their escape over the wall into the garden of the man to whom the great +dog belonged; so the dog became their protector. This Reliever then came +up to the women and asked them how they did. + +So they answered, "We thank thy Prince, pretty well, only we have been +somewhat affrighted: we thank thee also for that thou camest in to our +help, otherwise we had been overcome." + +RELIEVER. So, after a few more words, this Reliever said as followeth: +"I marvelled much when you were entertained at the gate above, being ye +knew that ye were but weak women, that you asked not the Lord for a +conductor. Then might you have avoided these troubles and dangers; for +He would have granted you one." + +CHR. "Alas!" said Christiana, "we were taken so with our present +blessing, that dangers to come were forgotten by us. Besides, who could +have thought that, so near the King's palace, there could have lurked +such naughty ones? Indeed, it had been well for us had we asked our Lord +for one; but, since our Lord knew it would be for our profit, I wonder +He sent not one along with us." + +REL. It is not always necessary to grant things not asked for, lest, by +so doing, they become of little value; but when the want of a thing is +felt, then he who needs it feels its preciousness; and so when it is +given it will be used. Had my Lord granted you a conductor, you would +not either have so bewailed that oversight of yours, in not asking for +one, as now you have occasion to do. So all things work for good, and +tend to make you more wary. + +CHR. Shall we go back again to my Lord, and confess our folly, and ask +one? + +REL. Your confession of your folly I will present Him with. To go back +again you need not; for, in all places where you shall come, you will +find no want at all; for, in every one of my Lord's lodgings, which He +has prepared for the care of His pilgrims, there is sufficient to +furnish them against all attempts whatsoever. But, as I said, He will be +asked of by them, to do it for them. And 'tis a poor thing that is not +worth asking for. + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS PROCEED] + +When he had thus said, he went back to his place, and the pilgrims went +on their way. + +MER. Then said Mercy, "What a sudden blank is here! I made account we +had been past all danger, and that we should never see sorrow more." + +CHR. "Thy innocence, my sister," said Christiana to Mercy, "may excuse +thee much; but as for me, fault is so much the greater, for that I saw +the danger before I came out of the doors, and yet did not provide for +it when provision might have been had. I am, therefore, much to be +blamed." + +MER. Then said Mercy, "How knew you this before you came from home? +Pray, open to me this riddle." + +CHR. Why, I will tell you. Before I set foot out of doors, one night, as +I lay in my bed, I had a dream about this; for methought I saw two men, +as like these as ever any in the world could look, stand at my bed's +feet, plotting how they might prevent my salvation. I will tell you +their very words. They said (it was when I was in my troubles), "What +shall we do with this woman? for she cries out waking and sleeping for +forgiveness: if she be suffered to go on as she begins, we shall lose +her as we have lost her husband." This, you know, might have made me +take heed, and have provided when provision might have been had. + +MER. "Well," said Mercy, "as by this neglect we have been made to behold +our own imperfections, so our Lord has taken occasion thereby to make +manifest the riches of His grace; for He, as we see, has followed us +with unasked kindness, and has delivered us from their hands that were +stronger than we, of His mere good pleasure." + + + + +CHAPTER III. + +THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE. + + +Thus, now, when they had talked away a little more time, they drew near +to a house which stood in the way, which house was built for the relief +of pilgrims, as you will find more fully related in the first part of +these records of the Pilgrim's Progress. So they drew on towards the +house (the house of the Interpreter); and, when they came to the door, +they heard a great talk in the house. Then they gave ear, and heard, as +they thought, Christiana mentioned by name; for you must know that there +went along, even before her, a talk of her and her children's going on +pilgrimage. And this was the more pleasing to them, because they had +heard she was Christian's wife, that woman who was some time ago so +unwilling to hear of going on pilgrimage. Thus, therefore, they stood +still, and heard the good people within commending her, who, they little +thought, stood at the door. At last Christiana knocked, as she had done +at the gate before. Now, when she had knocked, there came to the door a +young maiden, and opened the door and looked; and, behold, two women +were there. + +[Sidenote: THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE] + +MAID. Then said the maid to them, "With whom would you speak in this +place?" + +CHR. Christiana answered, "We understand that this is a place prepared +for those that are become pilgrims, and we now at this door are such; +wherefore we pray that we may be partakers of that for which we at this +time are come; for the day, as thou seest, is very far spent, and we are +loth to-night to go any farther." + +DAM. Pray, what may I call your name, that I may tell it to my lord +within? + +CHR. My name is Christiana: I was the wife of that pilgrim that some +years ago did travel this way; and these be his four children. This +young woman is my companion, and is going on pilgrimage too. + +INNOCENT. Then Innocent ran in (for that was her name,) and said to +those within, "Can you think who is at the door? There are Christiana +and her children, and her companion, all waiting for entertainment +here." + +Then they leaped for joy, and went and told their master. So he came to +the door, and looking upon her, he said, "Art thou that Christiana whom +Christian the good man left behind him, when he betook himself to a +pilgrim's life?" + +CHR. I am that woman that was so hard-hearted as to slight my husband's +troubles, and then left him to go on his journey alone; and these are +his four children. But now also I am come, for I am convinced that no +way is right but this. + +INTER. Then is fulfilled that which also is written of the man that +said to his son, "Go, work to-day in my vineyard;" and he said to his +father, "I will not;" but afterwards he repented, and went. + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "So be it: Amen. God make it a true saying +upon me, and grant that I may be found at the last of Him in peace, +without spot and blameless!" + +INTER. But why standest thou thus at the door? Come in, thou blessed +one. We were talking of thee but now; for tidings have come to us before +how thou art become a pilgrim. Come, children, come in; come, maiden, +come in. + +So he had them all into the house. + +[Sidenote: PILGRIMS ENTERTAINED] + +So when they were within, they were bidden to sit down and rest them; +the which when they had done, those that attended upon the pilgrims in +the house came into the room to see them. And one smiled, and another +smiled, and they all smiled for joy that Christiana was become a +pilgrim. They also looked upon the boys; they stroked them over the +faces with the hand, in token of their kind reception of them; they also +carried it lovingly to Mercy, and bid them all welcome into their +master's house. + +After a while, because supper was not ready, the Interpreter took them +into his significant rooms, and showed them what Christian, Christiana's +husband, had seen some time before. Here, therefore, they saw the man in +the cage, the man and his dream, the man that cut his way through his +enemies, and the picture of the biggest of them all, together with the +rest of those things that were then so profitable to Christian. + +This done, and after those things had been seen and thought of by +Christiana and her company, the Interpreter takes them apart again, and +has them first into a room where was a man that could look no way but +downwards, with a muck-rake in his hand. There stood also one over his +head, with a celestial crown in his hand, and proffered to give him that +crown for his muck-rake; but the man did neither look up nor regard, but +raked to himself the straws, the small sticks, and the dust of the +floor. + +Then said Christiana, "I persuade myself that I know somewhat the +meaning of this; for this is a figure of a man of this world. Is it not, +good sir?" + +INTER. "Thou hast said the right," said he; "and his muck-rake doth show +his worldly mind. And whereas thou seest him rather give heed to rake up +straws and sticks, and the dust of the floor, than to do what he says +that calls to him from above with the celestial crown in his hand; it is +to show that heaven is but a fable to some, and that things here are +counted the only things substantial. Now, whereas it was also showed +thee that the man could look no way but downwards; it is to let thee +know that earthly things, when they are with power upon men's minds, +quite carry their hearts away from God." + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "Oh, deliver me from this muck-rake!" + +INTER. "That prayer," said the Interpreter, "has lain by till it is +almost rusty. 'Give me not riches' is scarce the prayer of one of ten +thousand. Straws, and sticks, and dust, with most, are the great things +now looked after." + +With that, Mercy and Christiana wept, and said, "It is, alas! too true." + +[Sidenote: INTERPRETER'S ALLEGORIES] + +When the Interpreter had showed them this, he had them into the very +best room in the house; a very brave room it was. So he bid them look +round about, and see if they could find anything there. Then they looked +round and round; for there was nothing to be seen but a very great +spider on the wall, and that they overlooked. + +MER. Then said Mercy, "Sir, I see nothing." + +But Christiana held her peace. + +INTER. "But," said the Interpreter, "look again." + +She therefore looked again, and said, "Here is not anything but an ugly +spider, who hangs by her hands upon the wall." + +Then said he, "Is there but one spider in all this spacious room?" + +Then the water stood in Christiana's eyes, for she was a woman quick of +mind; and she said, "Yes, my lord; there is here more than one; yea, and +spiders whose venom is far more destructive than that which is in her." + +The Interpreter then looked pleasantly upon her, and said, "Thou hast +said the truth." + +This made Mercy blush and the boys to cover their faces; for they all +began now to understand the riddle. + +Then said the Interpreter again, "The spider taketh hold with her hands +(as you see), and is in kings' palaces. And wherefore is this recorded, +but to show you that, how full of the venom of sin soever you be, yet +you may, by the hand of faith, lay hold of and dwell in the best room +that belongs to the king's house above." + +CHR. "I thought," said Christiana, "of something of this; but I could +not imagine it all. I thought that we were like spiders, and that we +looked like ugly creatures, in what fine rooms soever we were: but that +by this spider, this venomous and ill-favored creature, we were to learn +how to act faith, that came not into my mind; and yet she has taken hold +with her hands, and, as I see, dwelleth in the best room in the house. +God has made nothing in vain." + +Then they seemed all to be glad, but the water stood in their eyes; yet +they looked one upon another, and also bowed before the Interpreter. + +He had them then into another room, where were a hen and chickens, and +bid them observe a while. So one of the chickens went to the trough to +drink; and every time she drank, she lifted up her head and her eyes +toward heaven. "See," said he, "what this little chick doth; and learn +of her to acknowledge whence your mercies come, by receiving them with +looking up. Yet again," said he, "observe and look." + +So they gave heed, and perceived that the hen did walk in a fourfold +method towards her chickens. First, she had a common call, and that she +hath all day long. Secondly, she had a special call, and that she had +but sometimes. Thirdly, she had a brooding note. And, fourthly she had +an outcry. + +INTER. "Now," said he, "compare this hen to your King, and these +chickens to His obedient ones: for, answerable to her, He Himself hath +His methods which He walketh in toward His people. By His common call, +He gives nothing; by His special call, He always has something to give; +He also has a brooding voice for them that are under His wing; and He +hath an outcry, to give the alarm when He seeth the enemy come. I chose, +my darlings, to lead you into the room where such things are, because +you are women, and they are easy for you." + +CHR. "And, sir," said Christiana, "pray let us see some more." + +So he had them into the slaughter-house, where the butcher was killing a +sheep; and, behold, the sheep was quiet, and took her death patiently. +Then said the Interpreter, "You must learn of this sheep to suffer, and +to put up with wrongs without murmurings and complaints. Behold how +quietly she takes her death; and, without objecting, she suffereth her +skin to be pulled over her ears. Your King doth call you His sheep." + +After this, he led them into his garden, where was great variety of +flowers; and he said, "Do you see all these?" So Christiana said, "Yes." +Then said he again, "Behold, the flowers are diverse in stature, in +quality, and color, and smell, and virtue, and some are better than +others; also, where the gardener has set them, there they stand, and +quarrel not one with another." + +Again, he had them into his field, which he had sowed with wheat and +corn; but when they beheld, the tops of all were cut off, and only the +straw remained. He said again, "This ground was made rich, and was +ploughed, and sowed; but what shall we do with the crop?" Then said +Christiana, "Burn some, and make muck of the rest." Then said the +Interpreter again, "Fruit, you see, is that thing you look for; and, for +want of that, you send it to the fire, and to be trodden under foot of +men. Beware that in this you condemn not yourselves." + +Then, as they were coming in from abroad, they espied a little robin +with a great spider in his mouth. So the Interpreter said, "Look here." +So they looked, and Mercy wondered; but Christiana said, "What a +disparagement is it to such a pretty little bird as the robin-redbreast +is; he being also a bird above many, that loveth to maintain a kind of +sociableness with man! I had thought they had lived upon crumbs of +bread, or upon other such harmless matter. I like him worse than I +did." + +The Interpreter then replied, "This robin is an emblem very apt, to set +forth some people by; for to sight they are as this robin, pretty of +note, color, and conduct. They seem also to have a very great love for +those that are sincere followers of Christ; and above all other to +desire to associate with them, and to be in their company, as if they +could live upon the good man's crumbs. They pretend, also, that +therefore it is that they frequent the house of the godly and the +appointments of the Lord; but, when they are by themselves, as the +robin, they can catch and gobble up spiders, they can change their diet, +drink wickedness, and swallow down sin like water." + +So, when they were come again into the house, because supper as yet was +not ready, Christiana again desired that the Interpreter would either +show, or tell of, some other things that were profitable. + +Then the Interpreter began, and said, "The fatter the sow is the more +she desires the mire; the fatter the ox is, the more thoughtlessly he +goes to the slaughter; and the more healthy the lusty man is, the more +prone he is unto evil. There is a desire in women to go neat and fine; +and it is a comely thing to be adorned with that which in God's sight is +of great price. 'Tis easier watching a night or two than to sit up a +whole year together; so 'tis easier for one to begin to profess well +than to hold out as he should to the end. Every ship-master, when in a +storm, will willingly cast that overboard which is of the smallest value +in the vessel; but who will throw the best out first? None but he that +feareth not God. One leak will sink a ship, and one sin will destroy a +sinner. He that forgets his friends is ungrateful unto him but he that +forgets his Saviour is unmerciful to himself. He that lives in sin, and +looks for happiness hereafter, is like him that soweth weeds, and thinks +to fill his barn with wheat or barley. If a man would live well, let him +bring before him his last day, and make it always his company-keeper. +Whispering, and change of thoughts, prove that sin is in the world. If +the world, which God sets light by, is counted a thing of that worth +with men, what is heaven, that God commendeth! If the life that is +attended with so many troubles is so loth to be let go by us, what is +the life above! Everybody will cry up the goodness of men; but who is +there that is, as he should be, affected with the goodness of God?" + +When the Interpreter had done, he takes them out into his garden again, +and had them to a tree, whose inside was all rotten and gone, and yet it +grew and had leaves. + +Then said Mercy, "What means this?" + +"This tree," said he, "whose outside is fair, and whose inside is +rotten, is that to which many may be compared that are in the garden of +God, who with their mouths speak high in behalf of God, but indeed will +do nothing for Him; whose leaves are fair, but their heart good for +nothing but to be tinder for the devil's tinder-box." + +Now supper was ready, the table spread, and all things set on the board; +so they sat down, and did eat when one had given thanks. And the +Interpreter did usually entertain those that lodged with him with music +at meals; so the minstrels played. There was also one that did sing, and +a very fine voice he had. His song was this: + + "The Lord is only my support, + And He that doth me feed; + How can I then want anything + Whereof I stand in need?" + +[Sidenote: DISCOURSE AT SUPPER] + +When the song and music were ended, the Interpreter asked Christiana +what it was that first did move her to betake herself to a pilgrim's +life. Christiana answered, "First, the loss of my husband came into my +mind, at which I was heartily grieved; but all that was but natural +affection. Then, after that, came the troubles and pilgrimages of my +husband into my mind, and also how unkindly I had behaved to him as to +that. So guilt took hold of my mind, and would have drawn me into the +pond, to drown myself, but that, just at the right time, I had a dream +of the well-being of my husband, and a letter sent by the King of that +country where my husband dwells, to come to him. The dream and the +letter together so wrought upon my mind, that they forced me to this +way." + +INTER. But met you with no opposition afore you set out of doors? + +CHR. Yes, a neighbor of mine, one Mrs. Timorous: she was akin to him +that would have persuaded my husband to go back for fear of the lions. +She all-to-be-fooled me for, as she called it, my intended desperate +adventure; she also urged what she could to dishearten me from it--the +hardship and troubles that my husband met with in the way; but all this +I got over pretty well. But a dream that I had of two ill-looked ones, +that I thought did plot how to make me fail in my journey, that hath +troubled me much: yea, it still runs in my mind, and makes me afraid of +every one that I meet, lest they should meet me to do me a mischief, and +to turn me out of my way. Yea, I may tell my Lord, though I would not +have everybody know it, that, between this and the gate by which we got +into the way, we were both so sorely attacked that we were made to cry +out "murder;" and the two that made this attack upon us were like the +two that I saw in my dream. + +Then said the Interpreter, "Thy beginning is good; thy latter end shall +greatly increase." So he addressed himself to Mercy, and said unto her, +"And what moved thee to come hither, sweetheart?" + +Then Mercy blushed and trembled, and for a while continued silent. + +INTER. Then said he, "Be not afraid; only believe, and speak thy mind." + +MER. So she began, and said, "Truly, sir, my lack of knowledge is that +which makes me wish to be in silence, and that also that fills me with +fears of coming short at last. I cannot tell of visions and dreams, as +my friend Christiana can nor know I what it is to mourn for my refusing +the advice of those that were good relations." + +INTER. What was it, then, dear heart, that hath prevailed with thee to +do as thou hast done? + +MER. Why, when our friend here was packing up to be gone from our town, +I and another went accidentally to see her. So we knocked at the door +and went in. When we were within, and seeing what she was doing, we +asked her what was her meaning. She said she was sent for to go to her +husband; and then she up and told us how she had seen him in a dream, +dwelling in a wonderful place, among immortals, wearing a crown, playing +upon a harp, eating and drinking at his Prince's table, and singing +praises to Him for bringing him thither, and so on. Now, methought while +she was telling these things unto us, my heart burned within me. And I +said in my heart, If this be true, I will leave my father and my mother, +and the land of my birth, and will, if I may, go along with Christiana. +So I asked her further of the truth of these things, and if she would +let me go with her; for I saw now that there was no dwelling but with +the danger of ruin any longer in our town. But yet I came away with a +heavy heart; not for that I was unwilling to come away, but for that so +many of my relations were left behind. And I am come with all the desire +of my heart, and will go, if I may, with Christiana, unto her husband +and his King. + +INTER. Thy setting out is good, for thou hast given credit to the truth: +thou art a Ruth, who did, for the love she bare to Naomi and to the Lord +her God, leave father and mother, and the land of her birth, to come out +and go with a people that she knew not heretofore. The Lord bless thy +work, and a full reward be given thee of the Lord God of Israel, under +whose wings thou art come to trust. + +Now supper was ended, and preparation was made for bed: the women were +laid singly alone, and the boys by themselves. Now, when Mercy was in +bed, she could not sleep for joy, for that now her doubts of missing at +last were removed farther from her than ever they were before. So she +lay blessing and praising God, who had had such favor for her. + +In the morning they arose with the sun, and prepared themselves for +their departure; but the Interpreter would have them tarry a while: +"For," said he, "you must orderly go from hence." Then said he to the +maid that first opened to them, "Take them and have them into the +garden, to the bath, and there wash them, and make them clean from the +soil which they have gathered by traveling." + +Then Innocent the maid took them and had them into the garden, and +brought them to the bath; so she told them they must wash and be clean, +for so her master would have the women to do that called at his house as +they were going on pilgrimage. Then they went in and washed, yea, they +and the boys and all; and they came out of that bath, not only sweet and +clean, but also much enlivened, and strengthened in their joints. So, +when they came in, they looked fairer a deal than when they went out to +the washing. + +When they were returned out of the garden from the bath, the Interpreter +took them, and looked upon them, and said unto them, "Fair as the moon." +Then he called for the seal wherewith they used to be sealed that were +washed in this bath. So the seal was brought, and he set his mark upon +them, that they might be known in the places whither they were yet to +go; and the mark was set between their eyes. This seal added greatly to +their beauty, for it was an ornament to their faces. It also added to +their glory, and made their countenances more like those of angels. + +[Sidenote: CLOTHED IN WHITE RAIMENT] + +Then said the Interpreter again to the maid that waited upon these +women, "Go into the vestry, and fetch out garments for these people." So +she went and fetched out white raiment and laid it down before him; so +he commanded them to put it on; it was fine linen, white and clean. When +the women were thus adorned, they seemed to be afraid one of the other, +for that they could not see that glory each one had in herself, which +they could see in each other. Now, therefore, they began to esteem each +other better than themselves. For "You are fairer than I am," said one; +and "You are more beautiful than I am," said another. The children also +stood amazed, to see into what fashion they were brought. + +The Interpreter then called for a man-servant of his, one Great-heart, +and bid him take sword, and helmet, and shield, and "Take these my +daughters," said he, "and conduct them to the house called Beautiful, at +which place they will rest next." So he took his weapons, and went +before them; and the Interpreter said, "God speed!" Those also that +belonged to the family sent them away with many a good wish. So they +went on their way and sang: + + "This place hath been our second stage: + Here we have heard and seen + Those good things that from age to age + To others hid have been. + The Dunghill-raker, Spider, Hen, + The Chicken, too, to me + Have taught a lesson: let me then + Conformèd to it be. + + "The Butcher, Garden, and the Field, + The Robin and his bait, + Also the Rotten Tree, doth yield + Me argument of weight: + To move me for to watch and pray, + To strive to be sincere, + To take my cross up day by day, + And serve the Lord with fear." + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + +THE CROSS AND THE CONSEQUENCES. + + +Now, I saw in my dream that they went on, and Great-heart before them. +So they went, and came to the place where Christian's burden fell off +his back and tumbled into a sepulchre. Here, then, they made a pause, +and here also they blessed God. "Now," said Christiana, "comes to my +mind what was said to us at the gate, to wit, that we should have pardon +by word and deed: by word, that is, by the promise; by deed, that is, in +the way it was obtained. What the promise is, of that I know something; +but what it is to have pardon by deed, or in the way that it was +obtained, Mr. Great-heart, I suppose you know; wherefore, if you please, +let us hear you speak thereof." + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART DISCOURSES] + +GREAT. Pardon by the deed done, is pardon obtained by some one for +another that hath need thereof; not by the person pardoned, but in the +way, saith another, in which I have obtained it. So then, to speak to +the question at large, the pardon that you, and Mercy, and these boys +have obtained, was obtained by another; to wit, by Him that let you in +at the gate. And He hath obtained it in this double way: He has shown +righteousness to cover you, and spilt His blood to wash you in. + +CHR. This is brave! Now I see that there was something to be learnt by +our being pardoned by word and deed. Good Mercy, let us labor to keep +this in mind; and, my children, do you remember it also. But, sir, was +not this it that made my good Christian's burden fall from off his +shoulders, and that made him give three leaps for joy? + +GREAT. Yes, it was the belief of this that cut off those strings that +could not be cut by other means; and it was to give him proof of the +virtue of this that he was suffered to carry his burden to the Cross. + +CHR. I thought so; for though my heart was lightsome and joyous before, +yet it is ten times more lightsome and joyous now. And I am persuaded by +what I have felt, though I have felt but little as yet, that, if the +most burdened man in the World was here, and did see and believe as I +now do, it would make his heart merry and blithe. + +GREAT. There is not only comfort and the ease of a burden brought to us +by the sight and consideration of these, but an endeared love born in us +by it; for who can, if he doth but once think that pardon comes, not +only by promise, but thus, but be affected with the way and means of his +redemption, and so love the Man that hath wrought it for him? + +CHR. True: methinks it makes my heart bleed, to think that He should +bleed for me. Oh, Thou loving One! Oh, Thou blessed One! Thou deservest +to have me: Thou hast bought me. Thou deservest to have me all: Thou +hast paid for me ten thousand times more than I am worth. No marvel that +this made the water stand in my husband's eyes, and that it made him +trudge so nimbly on. I am persuaded he wished me with him; but, vile +wretch that I was! I let him come all alone. Oh, Mercy, that thy father +and mother were here! yea, and Mrs. Timorous also! Nay, I wish now with +all my heart that here was Madam Wanton too. Surely, surely, their +hearts would be affected; nor could the fear of the one, nor the +powerful passions of the other, prevail with them to go home again, and +refuse to become good pilgrims. + +GREAT. You speak now in the warmth of your affections: will it, think +you, be always thus with you? Besides, this is not given to every one, +nor to every one that did see your Jesus bleed. There were that stood +by, and that saw the blood run from His heart to the ground, and yet +were so far off this, that instead of lamenting, they laughed at Him, +and instead of becoming His disciples, did harden their hearts against +him. So that all that you have, my daughters, you have by a peculiar +feeling made by a thinking upon what I have spoken to you. This you +have, therefore, by a special grace. + +[Sidenote: SIMPLE, SLOTH, PRESUMPTION] + +Now, I saw still in my dream, that they went on till they were come to +the place that Simple, and Sloth, and Presumption lay and slept in, when +Christian went by on pilgrimage; and, behold, they were hanged up in +irons a little way off on the other side. + +MER. Then said Mercy to him that was their guide and conductor, "What +are those three men? and for what are they hanged there?" + +GREAT. These three men were men of very bad qualities: they had no mind +to be pilgrims themselves, and whomsoever they could they hindered. They +were for sloth and folly themselves, and whomsoever they could persuade +with, they made so too, and withal taught them to presume that they +should do well at last. They were asleep when Christian went by; and, +now you go by, they are hanged. + +MER. But could they persuade any to be of their opinion? + +GREAT. Yes, they turned several out of the way. There was Slow-pace that +they persuaded to do as they. They also prevailed with one Short-wind, +with one No-heart, with one Linger-after-lust, and with one Sleepy-head, +and with a young woman--her name was Dull--to turn out of the way and +become as they. Besides, they brought up an ill report of your Lord, +persuading others that He was a hard task-master. They also brought up +an evil report of the good land, saying it was not half so good as some +pretended it was. They also began to speak falsely about His servants, +and to count the very best of them meddlesome, troublesome busy-bodies. +Further, they would call the bread of God, husks; the comforts of His +children, fancies; the travel labor of pilgrims, things to no purpose. + +CHR. "Nay," said Christiana, "if they were such, they never shall be +bewailed by me: they have but what they deserve; and I think it is well +that they hang so near the highway, that others may see and take +warning. But had it not been well if their crimes had been engraven on +some plate of iron or brass, and left here where they did their +mischiefs, for a caution to other bad men?" + +GREAT. So it is, as you well may perceive, if you will go a little to +the wall. + +MER. No, no: let them hang, and their names rot, and their crimes live +for ever against them. I think it a high favor that they were hanged +afore we came hither who knows, else, what they might have done to such +poor women as we are? + +Then she turned it into a song, saying: + + "Now, then, you three, hang there, and be a sign + To all that shall against the truth combine; + And let him that comes after fear this end, + If unto pilgrims he is not a friend. + And thou, my soul, of all such men beware + That unto holiness opposers are." + +Thus they went on till they came at the foot of the Hill Difficulty, +where again their good friend Mr. Great-heart took an occasion to tell +them of what happened there when Christian himself went by. So he had +them first to the spring. "Lo," saith he, "this is the spring that +Christian drank of before he went up this hill: and then it was clear +and good; but now it is dirty with the feet of some that are not +desirous that pilgrims here should quench their thirst." Thereat Mercy +said, "And why are they so envious, I wonder?" But said their guide, "It +will do if taken up and put into a vessel that is sweet and good; for +then the dirt will sink to the bottom, and the water come out by itself +more clear." Thus, therefore, Christiana and her companions were +compelled to do. They took it up, and put it into an earthen pot, and so +let it stand till the dirt was gone to the bottom, and then they drank +thereof. + +[Sidenote: TWO DANGEROUS PATHS] + +Next he showed them the two by-ways that were at the foot of the hill, +where Formality and Hypocrisy lost themselves. And said he, "These are +dangerous paths. Two were here cast away when Christian came by; and +although, as you see, these ways are since stopped up with chains, +posts, and a ditch, yet there are that will choose to adventure here, +rather than take the pains to go up this hill." + +CHR. The way of transgressors is hard. It is a wonder that they can get +into those ways without danger of breaking their necks. + +GREAT. They will venture: yea, if at any time any of the King's servants +doth happen to see them, and doth call unto them, and tell them that +they are in the wrong ways, and do bid them beware the danger, then they +will railingly return them answer, and say, "As for the word that thou +hast spoken unto us in the name of the King, we will not hearken unto +thee; but we will certainly do whatsoever thing goeth forth out of our +own mouth." Nay, if you look a little farther, you shall see that these +ways are warned against enough, not only by these posts, and ditch, and +chain, but also by being hedged up; yet they will choose to go there. + +CHR. They are idle: they love not to take pains: up-hill way is +unpleasant to them. So it is fulfilled unto them as it is written, "The +way of the slothful man is a hedge of thorns." Yea, they will rather +choose to walk upon a snare than go up this hill, and the rest of this +way to the City. + +Then they set forward, and began to go up the hill; and up the hill they +went. But, before they got to the top, Christiana began to pant, and +said, "I dare say this is a breathing hill: no marvel if they that love +their ease more than their souls choose to themselves a smoother way." +Then said Mercy, "I must sit down;" also the least of the children began +to cry. "Come, come," said Great-heart, "sit not down here, for a little +above is the Prince's arbor." Then took he the little boy by the hand, +and led him up thereto. + +[Sidenote: THE ARBOR ON THE HILL] + +When they were come to the arbor, they were very willing to sit down, +for they were all in a pelting heat. Then said Mercy, "How sweet is rest +to them that labor, and how good is the Prince of pilgrims to provide +such resting-places for them! Of this arbor I have heard much, but I +never saw it before. But here let us beware of sleeping; for, as I have +heared, for that it cost poor Christian dear." + +Then said Mr. Great-heart to the little ones, "Come, my pretty boys, how +do you do? what think you now of going on pilgrimage?" + +"Sir," said the least, "I was almost beat out of heart; but I thank you +for lending me a hand at my need. And I remember now what my mother has +told me, namely, 'That the way to heaven is as up a ladder, and the way +to hell is as down a hill.' But I rather go up the ladder to life, than +the hill to death." + +Then said Mercy, "But the proverb, is, 'To go down the hill is easy.'" + +But James said (for that was his name), "The day is coming when, in my +opinion, going down-hill will be the hardest of all." + +"That's a good boy," said his master; "thou hast given her a right +answer." + +Then Mercy smiled, but the little boy did blush. + +CHR. "Come," said Christiana, "will you eat a bit, a little to sweeten +your mouths, while you sit here to rest your legs? for I have here a +piece of pomegranate, which Mr. Interpreter put in my hand just when I +came out of his doors: he gave me also a piece of a honeycomb, and a +little bottle of spirits." + +"I thought he gave you something," said Mercy, "because he called you +aside." + +"Yes, so he did," said the other; "but, Mercy, it shall still be as I +said it should, when at first we came from home; thou shalt be a sharer +in all the good that I have, because thou so willingly didst become my +companion." + +Then she gave to them, and they did eat, both Mercy and the boys. And +said Christiana to Mr. Great-heart, "Sir, will you do as we and take +some refreshment?" + +But he answered, "You are going on pilgrimage, and presently I shall +return; much good may have do to you: at home I eat the same every day." + +Now, when they had eaten and drunk, and had chatted a little longer, +their guide said to them, "The day wears away; if you think good, let us +prepare to be going." So they got up to go, and the little boys went +before; but Christiana forgot to take her bottle of spirits with her, so +she sent her little boy back to fetch it. + +Then said Mercy, "I think this is a losing place: here Christian lost +his roll, and here Christiana left her bottle behind her. Sir, what is +the cause of this?" + +So their guide made answer, and said, "The cause is sleep or +forgetfulness: some sleep when they should keep awake, and some forget +when they should remember. And this is the very cause why often at the +resting-places some pilgrims, in some things, come off losers. Pilgrims +should watch, and remember what they have already received, under their +greatest enjoyments; but, for want of doing so, ofttimes their rejoicing +ends in tears, and their sunshine in a cloud: witness the story of +Christian at this place." + +[Sidenote: MISTRUST AND TIMOROUS] + +When they were come to the place where Mistrust and Timorous met +Christian, to persuade him to go back for fear of the lions, they +perceived as it were a stage, and before it, towards the road, a broad +plate, with a copy of verses written thereon, and underneath the reason +of the raising up of that stage in that place rendered. The verses were +these: + + "Let him that sees this stage take heed + Unto his heart and tongue; + Lest, if he do not, here he speed + As some have, long agone." + +The words underneath the verses were, "This stage was built to punish +such upon, who, through timorousness or mistrust, shall be afraid to go +farther on pilgrimage. Also on this stage both Mistrust and Timorous +were burned through the tongue with a hot iron, for endeavoring to +hinder Christian in his journey." + +Then said Mercy, "This is much like to the saying of the Beloved, 'What +shall be given unto thee, or what shall be done unto thee, thou false +tongue? Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper.'" + +So they went on till they came within sight of the lions. Now, Mr. +Great-heart was a strong man, so he was not afraid of a lion. But yet, +when they were come up to the place where the lions were, the boys, that +went before, were glad to cringe behind, for they were afraid of the +lions so they stepped back, and went behind. + +At this their guide smiled, and said, "How now, my boys! do you love to +go before when no danger doth approach, and love to come behind so soon +as the lions appear?" + +Now, as they went up, Mr. Great-heart drew his sword, with intent to +make a way for the pilgrims in spite of the lions. Then there appeared +one that, it seems, had taken upon him to back the lions; and he said to +the pilgrims' guide, "What is the cause of your coming hither?" Now, the +name of that man was Grim, or Bloody-man, because of his slaying of +pilgrims; and he was of the race of the giants. + +GREAT. Then said the pilgrims' guide, "These women and children are +going on pilgrimage, and this is the way they must go; and go it they +shall, in spite of thee and the lions." + +GRIM. This is not their way, neither shall they go therein. I am come +forth to withstand them, and to that end will back the lions. + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART OVERCOMES GRIM] + +Now, to say truth, by reason of the fierceness of the lions, and of the +grim carriage of him that did back them, this way had of late lain much +unoccupied, and was almost all grown over with grass. + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "Though the highways have been unoccupied +heretofore, and though the travellers have been made in times past to +walk through by-paths, it must not be so now I am risen. 'Now I am risen +a mother in Israel.'" + +GRIM. Then he swore by the lions, "But it should," and therefore bid +them turn aside, for they should not passage there. + +But Great-heart their guide made first his approach unto Grim, and laid +so heavily at him with his sword, that he forced him to a retreat. + +GRIM. Then said he that attempted to back the lions, "Will you slay me +upon mine own ground?" + +GREAT. It is the King's highway that we are in, and in His way it is +that thou hast placed thy lions; but these women, and these children, +though weak, shall hold on their way in spite of thy lions. + +And, with that, he gave him again a downright blow, and brought him upon +his knees. With this blow he also broke his helmet, and with the next he +cut off an arm. Then did the giant roar so hideously, that his voice +frighted the women, and yet they were glad to see him lie sprawling upon +the ground. Now, the lions were chained, and so of themselves could do +nothing. + +Wherefore, when old Grim, that intended to back them, was dead, Mr. +Great-heart said to the pilgrims, "Come now, and follow me, and no hurt +shall happen to you from the lions." They therefore went on; but the +women trembled as they passed by them: the boys also looked as if they +would die; but they all got by without further hurt. + + + + +CHAPTER V. + +THE PALACE BEAUTIFUL. + + +Now, then, they were within sight of the Porter's lodge, and they soon +came up unto it; but they made the more haste after this to go thither, +because it is dangerous travelling there in the night. So, when they +were come to the gate, the guide knocked, and the Porter cried, "Who is +there?" But as soon as the guide had said "It is I," he knew his voice, +and came down, for the guide had oft before that come thither as a +conductor of pilgrims. When he was come down he opened the gate; and, +seeing the guide stand just before it (for he saw not the women, for +they were behind him), he said unto him, "How now, Mr. Great-heart! what +is your business here so late to-night?" + +"I have brought," said he, "some pilgrims hither, where, by my Lord's +commandment, they must lodge. I had been here some time ago, had I not +been opposed by the giant that did use to back the lions; but I, after a +long and tedious combat with him, have cut him off, and have brought the +pilgrims hither in safety." + +PORT. Will you not go in, and stay till morning? + +GREAT. No, I will return to my Lord to-night. + +CHR. Oh, sir, I know not how to be willing you should leave us in our +pilgrimage: you have been so faithful and so loving to us, you have +fought so stoutly for us, you have been so hearty in counselling of us, +that I shall never forget your favor towards us. + +MER. Then said Mercy, "Oh that we might have thy company to our +journey's end! How can such poor women as we hold out in a way so full +of troubles as this way is, without a friend and defender?" + +JAMES. Then said James, the youngest of the boys, "Pray, sir, be +persuaded to go with us, and help us, because we are so weak, and the +way so dangerous as it is." + +GREAT. I am at my Lord's commandment. If he shall allot me to be your +guide quite through, I will willingly wait upon you. But here you failed +at first; for when he bid me come thus far with you, then you should +have begged me of him to have gone quite through with you, and he would +have granted your request. However, at present I must withdraw; and so, +good Christiana, Mercy, and my brave children, adieu. + +Then the Porter, Mr. Watchful, asked Christiana of her country and of +her kindred. And she said, "I come from the City of Destruction. I am a +widow woman, and my husband is dead: his name was Christian, the +pilgrim." + +"How!" said the Porter, "was he your husband?" + +[Sidenote: A JOYFUL RECEPTION] + +"Yes," said she, "and these are his children, and this" (pointing to +Mercy) "is one of my townswomen." + +Then the Porter rang his bell, as at such times he is wont, and there +came to the door one of the maids, whose name was Humble-mind; and to +her the Porter said, "Go, tell it within that Christiana, the wife of +Christian, and her children, are come hither on pilgrimage." + +She went in, therefore, and told it. But oh, what a noise for gladness +was there within when the maid did but drop that word out of her mouth! + +So they came with haste to the Porter, for Christiana stood still at the +door. Then some of those within said unto her, "Come in, Christiana, +come in, thou wife of that good man; come in, thou blessed woman; come +in, with all that are with thee." + +So she went in, and they followed her that were her children and her +companions. Now, when they were gone in, they were had into a very large +room, where they were bidden to sit down. So they sat down, and the +chief of the house were called to see and welcome the guests. Then they +came in and understanding who they were did salute each other with a +kiss, and said, "Welcome, ye that bear the grace of God; welcome to us, +your friends!" + +Now, because it was somewhat late, and because the pilgrims were weary +with their journey, and also made faint with the sight of the fight, and +of the terrible lions, therefore they desired, as soon as might be, to +prepare to go to rest. "Nay," said those of the family, "refresh +yourselves first with a morsel of meat;" for they had prepared for them +a lamb, with the accustomed sauce belonging thereto, for the Porter had +heard before of their coming, and had told it to them within. So, when +they had supped, and ended their prayer with a psalm, they desired they +might go to rest. + +"But let us," said Christiana, "if we may be so bold as to choose, be in +that chamber that was my husband's when he was here." + +So they had them up thither, and they lay all in a room. When they were +at rest, Christiana and Mercy entered into discourse about things that +were convenient. + +CHR. Little did I think once, when my husband went on pilgrimage, that I +should ever have followed. + +MER. And you as little thought of lying in his bed, and in his chamber +to rest, as you do now. + +CHR. And much less did I ever think of seeing his face with comfort, and +of worshipping the Lord the King with him; and yet now I believe I +shall. + +MER. Hark! don't you hear a noise? + +CHR. Yes, it is, as I believe, a noise of music, for joy that we are +here. + +MER. Wonderful! Music in the house, music in the heart, and music also +in heaven, for joy that we are here! + +[Sidenote: MERCY'S DREAM] + +Thus they talked a while, and then betook themselves to sleep. So in the +morning, when they were awake, Christiana said to Mercy, "What was the +matter, that you did laugh in your sleep to-night? I suppose you were in +a dream." + +MER. So I was, and a sweet dream it was; but are you sure I laughed? + +CHR. Yes, you laughed heartily; but, prithee, Mercy, tell me thy dream. + +MER. I was dreaming that I sat all alone in a solitary place, and was +bemoaning of the hardness of my heart. Now, I had not sat there long, +but methought many were gathered about me to see me, and to hear what it +was that I said. So they hearkened, and I went on bemoaning the hardness +of my heart. At this, some of them laughed at me, some called me fool, +and some thrust me about. With that, methought I looked up, and saw one +coming with wings towards me. So he came directly to me, and said, +"Mercy, what aileth thee?" Now, when he had heard me make my complaint, +he said, "Peace be to thee;" he also wiped mine eyes with his +handkerchief, and clad me in silver and gold. He put a chain about my +neck, and ear-rings in mine ears, and a beautiful crown upon my head. +Then he took me by the hand, and said, "Mercy, come after me." So he +went up, and I followed, till we came to a golden gate. Then he knocked; +and when they within opened, the man went in, and I followed him up to a +throne upon which One sat; and He said to me, "Welcome, daughter!" The +place looked bright and twinkling, like the stars, or rather like the +sun; and I thought that I saw your husband there. So I awoke from my +dream. But did I laugh? + +CHR. Laugh! ay, and well you might, to see yourself so well. For you +must give me leave to tell you, that I believe it was a good dream; and +that, as you have begun to find the first part true, so you shall find +the second at last. "God speaks once, yea, twice, yet man perceiveth it +not; in a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falleth upon +men, in slumberings upon the bed." We need not, when abed, to lie awake +to talk with God: He can visit us while we sleep, and cause us then to +hear His voice. Our heart oftentimes wakes when we sleep; and God can +speak to that, either by words, by proverbs, or by signs and +similitudes, as well as if one was awake. + +MER. Well, I am glad of my dream; for I hope ere long to see it +fulfilled, to the making of me laugh again. + +CHR. I think it is now high time to rise, and to know what we must do. + +MER. Pray, if they invite us to stay, a while, let us willingly accept +of the proffer. I am the willinger to stay a while here, to grow better +acquainted with these maids. Methinks Prudence, Piety, and Charity have +very lovely and sober countenances. + +CHR. We shall see what they will do. + +So, when they were up and ready, they came down; and they asked one +another of their rest, and if it was comfortable or not. + +MER. "Very good," said Mercy; "it was one of the best nights' lodging +that ever I had in my life." + +Then said Prudence and Piety, "If you will be persuaded to stay here a +while, you shall have what the house will afford." + +CHAR. "Ay, and that with a very good will," said Charity. + +So they consented, and stayed there about a month, or above, and became +very profitable one to another. + +[Sidenote: MR. BRISK VISITS MERCY] + +Now, by that these pilgrims had been at this place a week, Mercy had a +visitor that pretended some good-will unto her; and his name was Mr. +Brisk; a man of some breeding, and that pretended to religion, but a man +that stuck very close to the world. So he came once or twice, or more, +to Mercy, and offered love unto her. Now, Mercy was a fair countenance, +and therefore the more alluring. + +Her mind also was, to be always busying of herself in doing; for, when +she had nothing to do for herself, she would be making of hose and +garments for others, and would bestow them upon them that had need. And +Mr. Brisk, not knowing where or how she disposed of what she made, +seemed to be greatly taken, for that he found her never idle. "I will +warrant her a good housewife," quoth he to himself. + +Mercy then told the matter to the maidens that were of the house, and +inquired of them concerning him; for they did know him better than she. +So they told her that he was a very busy young man, and one who +pretended to serve the Lord, but was, as they feared, a stranger to the +power of that which is good. + +"Nay, then," said Mercy, "I will look no more on him; for I purpose +never to have a clog to my soul." + +Prudence then replied that "There needed no great matter of +discouragement to be given to him; her continuing so as she had begun to +do for the poor would quickly cool his courage." + +So, the next time he comes, he finds her at her old work, a-making of +things for the poor. Then said he, "What! always at it?" + +"Yes," said she, "either for myself or for others." + +"And what canst thou earn a day?" quoth he. + +"I do these things," said she, "that I may be rich in good works, laying +up in store for myself a good foundation against the time to come, that +I may lay hold on eternal life." + +"Why, prithee, what doest thou with them?" said he. + +"Clothe the naked," said she. + +With that, his countenance fell. So he forbore to come at her again. And +when he was asked the reason why, he said that "Mercy was a pretty lass, +but troubled with too much working for others." + +[Sidenote: MERCY REJECTS THE SUITOR] + +When he had left her, Prudence said, "Did I not tell thee that Mr. Brisk +would soon forsake thee? yea, he will raise up an ill report of thee; +for, notwithstanding his pretence to serve bad and his seeming love to +Mercy, yet Mercy and he are of tempers so different, that I believe they +will never come together." + +MER. I might have had husbands afore now, though I spake not of it to +any; but they were such as did not like my ways, though never did any of +them find fault with my person. So they and I could not agree. + +PRUD. Mercy in our days is little set by, any further than as to its +name: the practice, which is set forth by thy works, there are but few +that can abide. + +MER. "Well," said Mercy, "if nobody will have me, I will die a maid, or +my works shall be to me as a husband; for I cannot change my nature; and +to have one that lies cross to me in this, that I purpose never to admit +of as long as I live. I had a sister, named Bountiful, that was married +to one of these selfish people; but he and she could never agree; but, +because my sister was resolved to do as she had begun, that is, to show +kindness to the poor, therefore her husband first cried her down in +public, and then turned her out of his doors." + +PRUD. And yet he was a church-member, I warrant you? + +MER. Yes, such a one as he was; and of such as he the world is now +full; but I am for none of them at all. + +[Sidenote: MATTHEW FALLS SICK] + +Now Matthew, the eldest son of Christiana, fell sick, and his sickness +was sore upon him for he was much pained in his bowels; so that he was +with it, at times, pulled as it were both ends together. + +There dwelt also not far from thence one Mr. Skill, an ancient and +well-approved physician. So Christiana desired it and they sent for him, +and he came. When he was entered the room, and had a little observed the +boy, he concluded that he was sick of the gripes. Then he said to his +mother, "What diet has Matthew of late fed upon?" + +"Diet!" said Christiana, "nothing but that which is wholesome." + +The physician answered, "This boy has been tampering with something that +lies in his stomach undigested, and that will not away without means. +And I tell you he must be purged, or else he will die." + +SAM. Then said Samuel, "Mother, what was that which my brother did +gather up and eat, so soon as we were come from the gate that is at the +head of this way? You know that there was an orchard on the left hand, +on the other side of the wall, and some of the trees hung over the wall, +and my brother did pull down the branches and did eat." + +CHR. "True, my child," said Christiana, "he did take thereof and did +eat; naughty boy as he was, I did chide him, and yet he would eat +thereof." + +SKILL. I knew he had eaten something that was not wholesome food; and +that food, to wit, that fruit, is even the most hurtful of all. It is +the fruit of Beelzebub's orchard. I do marvel that none did warn you of +it: many have died thereof. + +CHR. Then Christiana began to cry, and she said, "Oh, naughty boy! and +oh, careless mother! What shall I do for my son?" + +SKILL. Come, do not be too much dejected; the boy may do well again, but +he must purge and vomit. + +CHR. Pray, sir, try the utmost of your skill with him, whatever it +costs. + +SKILL. Nay, I hope I shall be reasonable. + +[Sidenote: DOCTOR SKILL PRESCRIBES] + +So he made him a purge, but it was too weak; it was said, it was made of +the blood of a goat, the ashes of an heifer, and with some of the juice +of hyssop, etc. When Mr. Skill had seen that that purge was too weak, he +made him one to the purpose. It was made [the name was written in Latin] +_ex carne et sanguine Christi_;[8] (you know physicians give strange +medicines to their patients)--and it was made up into pills, with a +promise or two, and a proportionable quantity of salt. Now, he was to +take them three at a time, fasting, in half a quarter of a pint of the +tears of sorrow. + + [8] That is, "of the body and blood of Christ." + +When this potion was prepared and brought to the boy, he was loth to +take it, though torn with the gripes as if he should be pulled in +pieces. + +"Come, come," said the physician, "you must take it." + +"It goes against my stomach," said the boy. + +"I must have you take it," said his mother. + +"I shall vomit it up again," said the boy. + +"Pray, sir," said Christiana to Mr. Skill, "how does it taste?" + +"It has no ill taste," said the doctor; and with that she touched one of +the pills with the tip of her tongue. + +"O Matthew," said she, "this potion is sweeter than honey. If thou +lovest thy mother, if thou lovest thy brothers, if thou lovest Mercy, if +thou lovest thy life, take it." + +So, with much ado, after a short prayer for the blessing of God upon it, +he took it, and it wrought kindly with him. It caused him to purge, it +caused him to sleep and rest quietly; it put him into a fine heat and +breathing sweat, and did quite rid him of his gripes. So, in a little +time he got up, and walked about with a staff, and would go from room to +room, and talk with Prudence, Piety, and Charity, of his sickness, and +how he was healed. + +So, when the boy was healed, Christiana asked Mr. Skill, saying, "Sir, +what will content you for your pains and care to and of my child?" + +And he said, "You must pay the Master of the College of Physicians, +according to the rules made in that case and provided." + +CHR. "But, sir," said she, "what is this pill good for else?" + +SKILL. It is an universal pill: it is good against all the diseases that +pilgrims are troubled with; and when it is well prepared, it will keep +good time out of mind. + +CHR. Pray, sir, make me up twelve boxes of them; for if I can get these, +I will never take other physic. + +SKILL. These pills are good to prevent diseases, as well as to cure when +one is sick. Yea, I dare say it, and stand to it, that if a man will but +use this physic as he should, it will make him live for ever. But, good +Christiana, thou must give these pills no other way than as I have +prescribed; for if you do, they will do no good. So he gave unto +Christiana physic for herself and her boys, and for Mercy; and bid +Matthew take heed how he ate any more green plums; and kissed them and +went his way. + +It was told you before, that Prudence bid the boys, if at any time they +would, they should ask her some questions that might be profitable, and +she would say something to them. + +MATT. Then Matthew, who had been sick, asked her, "Why, for the most +part, physic should be bitter to our palates?" + +PRUD. To show how unwelcome the Word of God, and the effects thereof, +are to a sinful heart. + +MATT. Why does physic, if it does good, purge and cause that we vomit? + +PRUD. To show that the Word, when it works effectually, cleanseth the +heart and mind. For look, what the one doth to the body, the other doth +to the soul. + +MATT. What should we learn by seeing the flame of our fire go upwards, +and by seeing the beams and sweet influences of the sun strike +downwards? + +PRUD. By the going up of the fire, we are taught to ascend to heaven by +fervent and hot desires. And by the sun's sending his heat, beams, and +sweet influences downwards, we are taught that the Saviour of the world, +though high reaches down with His grace and love to us below. + +MATT. Where have the clouds their water? + +PRUD. Out of the sea. + +MATT. What may we learn from that? + +PRUD. That ministers should fetch their teaching from God. + +MATT. Why do they empty themselves upon the earth? + +PRUD. To show that ministers should give out what they know of God to +the world. + +MATT. Why is the rainbow caused by the sun? + +PRUD. To show that the promise of God's grace is made sure to us in +Christ. + +MATT. Why do the springs come from the sea to us through the earth? + +PRUD. To show that the grace of God comes to us through the body of +Christ. + +MATT. Why do some of the springs rise out of the tops of high hills? + +PRUD. To show that the spirit of grace shall spring up in some that are +great and mighty, as well as in many that are poor and low. + +MATT. Why doth the fire fasten upon the candle-wick? + +PRUD. To show that, unless grace doth kindle upon the heart, there will +be no true light of life in us. + +MATT. Why is the wick, and tallow, and all, spent to maintain the light +of the candle? + +PRUD. To show that body, and soul, and all, should be at the service of, +and spend themselves to maintain in good condition, that grace of God +that is in us. + +MATT. Why doth the pelican pierce her own breast with her bill? + +PRUD. To nourish her young ones with her blood, and thereby to show that +Christ the Blessed so loveth His young (His people), as to save them +from death by His blood. + +MATT. What may one learn by hearing the cock to crow? + +PRUD. Learn to remember Peter's sin and Peter's sorrow. The cock's +crowing shows also that day is coming on: let, then, the crowing of the +cock put thee in mind of that last and terrible day of judgment. + +Now, about this time, their month was out; wherefore they signified to +those of the house that it was convenient for them to be up and going. +Then said Joseph to his mother, "It is convenient that you forget not to +send to the house of Mr. Interpreter, to pray him to grant that Mr. +Great-heart should be sent unto us, that he may be our conductor the +rest of our way." + +"Good boy," said she, "I had almost forgot." So she drew up a petition, +and prayed Mr. Watchful the Porter to send it by some fit man to her +good friend Mr. Interpreter, who, when it was come, and he had seen the +contents of the petition, said to the messenger, "Go, tell them that I +will send him." + +When the family where Christiana was saw that they had a purpose to go +forward, they called the whole house together, to give thanks to their +King for sending of them such profitable guests as these. Which done, +they said unto Christiana, "And shall we not show thee something, +according, as our custom is to do to pilgrims, on which thou mayest +meditate when thou art upon the way?" + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS VIEW CURIOSITIES] + +So they took Christiana, her children, and Mercy, into the closet, and +showed them one of the apples that Eve did eat of, and that which she +also did give to her husband, and that for the eating of which they were +both turned out of Paradise, and asked her what she thought that was. + +Then Christiana said, "It is food or poison, I know not which." + +So they opened the matter to her, and she held up her hands and +wondered. + +Then they had her to a place, and showed her Jacob's ladder. Now, at +that time there were some angels ascending upon it. So Christiana looked +and looked, to see the angels go up, and so did the rest of the company. +Then they were going into another place, to show them something else; +but James said to his mother, "Pray bid them stay here a little longer, +for this is a curious sight." So they turned again, and stood feeding +their eyes with this so pleasing a prospect. + +After this they had them into a place where did hang up a golden anchor. +So they bid Christiana take it down; "For," said they, "you shall have +it with you, for it is of absolute necessity that you should, that you +may lay hold of that within the veil, and stand steadfast, in case you +should meet with turbulent weather." So they were glad thereof. + +Then they took them, and had them to the mount upon which Abraham our +father had offered up Isaac his son, and showed them the altar, the +wood, the fire, and the knife; for they remain to be seen to this very +day. When they had seen it, they held up their hands, and blessed +themselves, and said, "Oh! what a man for love to his Master, and for +denial to himself, was Abraham!" + +After they had showed them all these things, Prudence took them into the +dining-room, where stood a pair of excellent virginals;[9] so she +played upon them, and turned what she had showed them into this +excellent song, saying: + + "Eve's apple we have showèd you-- + Of that be you aware; + You have seen Jacob's ladder too, + Upon which angels are. + An anchor you receivèd have: + But let not these suffice, + Until with Abra'm, you have gave + Your best a sacrifice." + + [9] An instrument of music, used in the time of John Bunyan, somewhat + like a very small piano. + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART CONDUCTS THEM] + +Now, about this time, one knocked at the door. So the Porter opened, and +behold, Mr. Great-heart was there; but when he was come in, what joy was +there! For it came now fresh again into their minds, how, but a while +ago, he had slain old Grim Bloody-man, the giant, and had delivered them +from the lions. + +Then said Mr. Great-heart to Christiana and to Mercy, "My lord has sent +each of you a bottle of wine, and also some parched corn, together with +a couple of pomegranates; he has also sent the boys some figs and +raisins, to refresh you in your way." + +Then they addressed themselves to their journey; and Prudence and Piety +went along with them. When they came at the gate, Christiana asked the +Porter if any one of late went by. + +He said, "No; only one some time since, who also told me that, of late, +there had been a great robbery committed on the King's highway as you +go. But he saith the thieves are taken, and will shortly be tried for +their lives." + +Then Christiana and Mercy were afraid; but Matthew said, "Mother, fear +nothing as long as Mr. Great-heart is to go with us, and to be our +conductor." + +Then said Christiana to the Porter, "Sir, I am much obliged to you for +all the kindnesses that you have shown me since I came hither, and also +for that you have been so loving and kind to my children. I know not how +to gratify your kindness; wherefore, pray, as a token of my respects to +you, accept of this small mite." + +So she put a gold angel[10] in his hand; and he made her a low +obeisance, and said, "Let thy garments be always white, and let thy head +want no ointment. Let Mercy live and not die, and let not her works be +few." And to the boys he said, "Do you flee youthful passions, and +follow after godliness with them that are grave and wise, so shall you +put gladness into your mother's heart, and obtain praise of all that are +sober-minded." + + [10] An old English coin, bearing the figure of an angel. + +So they thanked the Porter, and departed. + +Now I saw in my dream that they went forward until they were come to the +brow of the hill; where Piety, bethinking herself, cried out, "Alas! I +have forgot what I intended to bestow upon Christiana and her +companions: I will go back and fetch it." So she ran and fetched it. +While she was gone, Christiana thought she heard, in a grove a little +way off on the right hand, a most curious melodious note, with words +much like these: + + "Through all my life Thy favor is + So frankly showed to me, + That in Thy house for evermore + My dwelling-place shall be." + +And listening still, she thought she heard another answer it, saying: + + "For why? the Lord our God is good; + His mercy is for ever sure; + His truth at all times firmly stood, + And shall from age to age endure." + +So Christiana asked Prudence what it was that made those curious notes. +"They are," said she, "our country birds: they sing these notes but +seldom, except it be at the spring, when the flowers appear and the sun +shines warm, and then you may hear them all day long. I often," said +she, "go out to hear them; we also ofttimes keep them tame in our house. +They are very fine company for us when we are melancholy; also they make +the woods, and groves, and solitary places, places desirable to be in." + +By this time Piety was come again. So she said to Christiana, "Look +here: I have brought thee a plan of all those things that thou hast seen +at our house, upon which thou mayest look when thou findest thyself +forgetful, and call those things again to remembrance for thy teaching +and comfort." + + + + +CHAPTER VI. + +THE VALLEY OF HUMILIATION. + + +Now they began to go down the hill into the Valley of Humiliation. It +was a steep hill, and the way was slippery; but they were very careful, +so they got down pretty well. When they were down in the valley, Piety +said to Christiana, "This is the place where Christian, your husband, +met with the foul fiend Apollyon, and where they had that dreadful fight +that they had: I know you cannot but have heard thereof. But be of good +courage: as long as you have here Mr. Great-heart to be your guide and +conductor, we hope you will fare the better." + +So when these two had given the pilgrims unto the care of their guide, +he went forward, and they went after. + +GREAT. Then said Mr. Great-heart, "We need not to be so afraid of this +valley, for here is nothing to hurt us, unless we procure it to +ourselves. It is true that Christian did here meet with Apollyon, with +whom he had also a sore combat; but that fray was the fruit of those +slips that he got in his going down the hill; for they that get slips +there, must look for combats here. And hence it is that this valley has +got so hard a name. For the common people, when they hear that some +frightful thing has befallen such a one in such a place, are of an +opinion that that place is haunted with some foul fiend or evil spirit; +when, alas! it is for the fruit of their doing that such things do +befall them there. This Valley of Humiliation is of itself as fruitful a +place as any the crow flies over; and I am persuaded, if we could hit +upon it, we might find, somewhere hereabouts, something that might give +us an account why Christian was so hardly beset in this place." + +Then James said to his mother, "Lo, yonder stands a pillar, and it looks +as if something was written thereon: let us go and see what it is." So +they went, and found there written, "Let Christian's slips before he +came hither, and the battles that he met with in this place, be a +warning to those that come after." + +"Lo!" said their guide, "did not I tell you that there was something +hereabouts that would give intimation of the reason why Christian was so +hard beset in this place?" Then turning himself to Christiana, he said, +"No disgrace to Christian, more than to many others whose hap and loss +his was; for it is easier going up than down this hill; and that can be +said but of few hills in all these parts of the world. But we will leave +the good man: he is at rest; he also had a brave victory over his enemy. +Let Him that dwelleth above grant that we fare no worse, when we come to +be tried, than he. + +"But we will come again to this Valley of Humiliation. It is the best +and most fruitful piece of ground in all these parts. It is fat ground, +and, as you see, consisteth much in meadows; and if a man was to come +here in the summer-time, as we do now, if he knew not anything before +thereof, and if he also delighted himself in the sight of his eyes, he +might see that that would be delightful to him. Behold how green this +valley is, also how beautified with lilies! I have also known many +laboring men that have got good estates in this valley of Humiliation; +for 'God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.' Indeed, +it is a very fruitful soil, and doth bring forth by handfuls. Some also +have wished that the next way to their Father's house were here, that +they might be troubled no more with either hills or mountains to go +over; but the way is the way, and there's an end." + +Now, as they were going along and talking, they espied a boy feeding his +father's sheep. The boy was in very mean clothes, but of a very fresh +and well-favored countenance; and as he sat by himself he sang. "Hark," +said Mr. Great-heart, "to what the shepherd's boy saith." So they +hearkened, and he said: + + "He that is down needs fear no fall + He that is low, no pride; + He that is humble ever shall + Have God to be his guide. + + "I am content with what I have + Little be it or much: + And, Lord, contentment still I crave + Because Thou savest much. + + "Fulness to such a burden is, + That go on pilgrimage; + Here little, and hereafter bliss, + Is best from age to age." + +Then said their guide, "Do you hear him? I will dare to say that this +boy lives a merrier life, and wears more of that herb called +heart's-ease in his bosom, than he that is clad in silk and velvet. But +we will proceed in our account of this valley. + +"In this valley our Lord formerly had His country house: He loved much +to be here. He loved also to walk these meadows, for He found the air +was pleasant. Besides, here a man shall be free from the noise and from +the hurryings of this life. All states are full of noise and confusion, +only the Valley of Humiliation is that empty and solitary place. Here a +man shall not be so let and hindered in his thoughts as in other places +he is apt to be. This is a valley that nobody walks in but those that +love a pilgrim's life. And though Christian had the hard hap to meet +here with Apollyon, and to enter with him into a brisk encounter, yet I +must tell you that in former times men have met with angels here, have +found pearls here, and have in this place found the words of life. + +"Did I say, our Lord had here in former days His country house, and +that He loved here to walk? I will add, in this place, and to the people +that love to tread these grounds, He has left a yearly sum of money, to +be faithfully paid them at certain seasons, for their support by the +way, and for their further encouragement to go on their pilgrimage." + +SAM. Now, as they went on, Samuel said to Mr. Great-heart, "Sir, I +perceive that in this valley my father and Apollyon had their battle; +but whereabout was the fight? for I perceive this valley is large." + +[Sidenote: FORGETFUL GREEN] + +GREAT. Your father had that battle with Apollyon at a place yonder +before us, in a narrow passage just beyond Forgetful Green. And, indeed, +that place is the most dangerous place in all these parts. For, if at +any time the pilgrims meet with any brunt, it is when they forget what +favors they have received, and how unworthy they are of them. This is +the place also where others have been hard put to it. But more of the +place when we are come to it; for I persuade myself, that to this day +there remains either some sign of the battle, or some monument to +testify that such a battle there was fought. + +MER. Then said Mercy, "I think that I am as well in this valley as I +have been anywhere else in all our journey: the place, methinks, suits +with my spirit. I love to be in such places, where there is no rattling +with coaches nor rumbling with wheels. Methinks here one may, without +much trouble, be thinking what he is, whence he came, what he has done, +and to what the King has called him. Here one may think and break at +heart, and melt in one's spirit, until one's eyes become like the +fish-pools in Heshbon. They that go rightly through this Valley of Baca, +make it a well; the rain that God sends down from heaven upon them that +are here also filleth the pools. This valley is that from whence also +the King will give to His their vineyards; and they that go through it +shall sing, as Christian did, for all he met with Apollyon." + +GREAT. "'Tis true," said their guide; "I have gone through this valley +many a time, and never was better than when here. I have also been a +conductor to several pilgrims, and they have confessed the same. 'To +this man will I look,' saith the King, 'even to him that is poor and of +a contrite spirit, and that trembleth at my word.'" + +Now they were come to the place where the afore-mentioned battle was +fought. Then said the guide to Christiana, her children, and Mercy, +"This is the place; on this ground Christian stood, and up there came +Apollyon against him. And look--did not I tell you?--here is some of +your husband's blood upon these stones to this day. Behold, also, how +here and there are yet to be seen upon the place some of the shivers of +Apollyon's broken darts. See also how they did beat the ground with +their feet as they fought, to make good their places against each other; +how also, with their by-blows, they did split the very stones in +pieces. Verily, Christian did here play the man, and showed himself as +stout as could, had he been there, even Hercules himself. When Apollyon +was beat, he made his retreat to the next valley, that is called the +Valley of the Shadow of Death, unto which we shall come soon. Lo, yonder +also stands a monument, on which is engraven this battle, and +Christian's victory, to his fame throughout all ages." + +[Sidenote: VALLEY OF SHADOW OF DEATH] + +So, because it stood just on the way-side before them, they stepped to +it, and read the writing, which word for word was this: + + "Hard by here was a battle fought, + Most strange, and yet most true; + Christian and Apollyon sought + Each other to subdue. + + "The man so bravely played the man, + He made the fiend to fly; + Of which a monument I stand, + The same to testify." + +When they had passed by this place, they came upon the borders of the +Shadow of Death. This valley was longer than the other; a place also +most strangely haunted with evil things, as many are able to testify; +but these women and children went the better through it, because they +had daylight, and because Mr. Great-heart was their conductor. + +When they were entered upon this valley, they thought that they heard a +groaning, as of dead men--a very great groaning. They thought also that +they did hear words of moaning spoken, as of some in extreme torment. +These things made the boys to quake; the women also looked pale and wan; +but their guide bid them be of good comfort. + +So they went on a little farther, and they thought that they felt the +ground begin to shake under them, as if some hollow place was there; +they heard also a kind of hissing, as of serpents; but nothing as yet +appeared. Then said the boys, "Are we not yet at the end of this doleful +place?" But the guide also bid them be of good courage, and look well to +their feet; "lest haply," said he, "you be taken in some snare." + +Now James began to be sick; but I think the cause thereof was fear; so +his mother gave him some of that glass of spirits that had been given +her at the Interpreter's house, and three of the pills that Mr. Skill +had prepared; and the boy began to revive. Thus they went on till they +came to about the middle of the valley; and then Christiana said, +"Methinks I see something yonder upon the road before us, a thing of +such a shape as I have not seen." Then said Joseph, "Mother, what is +it?" "An ugly thing, child, an ugly thing," said she. "But, mother, what +is it like?" said he. "'Tis like I cannot tell what," said she, "and now +it is but a little way off." Then said she, "It is nigh!" + +[Sidenote: RESIST THE DEVIL] + +"Well, well," said Mr. Great-heart, "let them that are most afraid keep +close to me." So the fiend came on, and the conductor met it; but, when +it was just come to him, it vanished to all their sights. Then +remembered they what had been said some time ago, "Resist the devil, and +he will flee from you." + +They went therefore on, as being a little refreshed. But they had not +gone far before Mercy, looking behind her, saw, as she thought, +something most like a lion, and it came a great padding pace after; and +it had a hollow voice of roaring, and at every roar that it gave it made +all the valley echo, and all their hearts to ache, save the heart of him +that was their guide. So it came up, and Mr. Great-heart went behind, +and put the pilgrims all before him. The lion also came on apace, and +Mr. Great-heart addressed himself to give him battle. But, when he saw +that it was determined that resistance should be made, he also drew +back, and came no farther. + +They then went on again, and their conductor did go before them, till +they came to a place where was cast up a pit the whole breadth of the +way; and before they could be prepared to go over that, a great mist and +darkness fell upon them, so that they could not see. Then said the +pilgrims, "Alas! what now shall we do?" But their guide made answer, +"Fear not, stand still, and see what an end will be put to this also." +So they stayed there, because their path was marred. They then also +thought that they did hear more apparently the noise and rushing of the +enemies; the fire also, and the smoke of the pit, were much easier to be +discerned. Then said Christiana to Mercy, "Now I see what my poor +husband went through. I have heard much of this place, but I never was +here before now. Poor man! he went here all alone in the night; he had +night almost quite through the way; also these fiends were busy about +him, as if they would have torn him in pieces. Many have spoken of it, +but none can tell what the Valley of the Shadow of Death should mean, +until they come in it themselves. 'The heart knoweth its own bitterness, +and a stranger intermeddleth not with its joy.' To be here is a fearful +thing." + +GREAT. This is like doing business in great waters, or like going down +into the deep. This is like being in the heart of the sea, and like +going down to the bottoms of the mountains. Now it seems as if the +earth, with its bars, were about us for ever. But let them that walk in +darkness and have no light, trust in the name of the Lord, and stay upon +their God. For my part, as I have told you already, I have gone often +through this valley, and have been much harder put to it than now I am; +and yet, you see, I am alive. I would not boast, for that I am not mine +own saviour; but I trust we shall have a good deliverance. Come, let us +pray for light to Him that can lighten our darkness, and that can +rebuke not only these, but all the Satans in hell. + +So they cried and prayed, and God sent light and deliverance; for there +was now no hindrance in their way, no, not there where but now they were +stopped with a pit. Yet they were not got through the valley; so they +went on still; and behold, great stinks and loathsome smells, to the +great annoyance of them. Then said Mercy to Christiana, "It is not so +pleasant being here as at the gate, or at the Interpreter's, or at the +house where we lay last." + +"Oh, but," said one of the boys, "it is not so bad to go through here as +it is to abide here always; and, for aught I know, one reason why we +must go this way to the house prepared for us is, that our home might be +made the sweeter to us." + +"Well said, Samuel," quoth the guide; "thou hast now spoke like a man." + +"Why, if ever I get out here again," said the boy, "I think I shall +prize light and good way better than ever I did in all my life." + +Then said the guide, "We shall be out by-and-by." + +So on they went, and Joseph said, "Cannot we see to the end of this +valley as yet?" + +[Sidenote: AMONG THE SNARES] + +Then said the guide, "Look to your feet, for we shall presently be among +the snares." + +So they looked to their feet, and went on; but they were troubled much +with the snares. Now, when they were come among the snares, they espied +a man cast into the ditch on the left hand, with his flesh all rent and +torn. + +Then said the guide, "That is one Heedless, that was going this way; he +has lain there a great while. There was one Take-heed with him when he +was taken and slain, but he escaped their hands. You cannot imagine how +many are killed hereabouts; and yet men are so foolishly venturous as to +set out lightly on pilgrimage, and to come without a guide. Poor +Christian! it is a wonder that he here escaped; but he was beloved of +his God, also he had a good heart of his own, or else he could never +have done it." + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART ENCOUNTERS MAUL] + +Now they drew towards the end of the way; and just where Christian had +seen the cave when he went by, out thence came forth Maul, a giant. This +Maul did use to spoil young pilgrims by deceiving them; and he called +Great-heart by his name, and said unto him, "How many times have you +been forbidden to do these things?" + +Then said Mr. Great-heart, "What things?" + +"What things!" quoth the giant; "you know what things; but I will put an +end to your trade." + +"But pray," said Mr. Great-heart, "before we fall to it, let us +understand wherefore we must fight." + +Now the women and children stood trembling, and knew not what to do. + +Quoth the giant, "You rob the country, and rob it with the worst of +thefts." + +"These are but random words," said Mr. Great-heart; "tell what robberies +I have done, man." + +Then said the giant, "Thou practicest the craft of a kidnapper: thou +gatherest up women and children, and carriest them into a strange +country, to the weakening of my master's kingdom." + +But now Great-heart replied, "I am a servant of the God of heaven; my +business is to persuade sinners to turn to God. I am commanded to do my +best to turn men, women, and children from darkness to light, and from +the power of Satan unto God; and if this be indeed the ground of thy +quarrel, let us fall to it as soon as thou wilt." + +[Sidenote: THE GIANT IS SLAIN] + +Then the giant came up, and Mr. Great-heart went to meet him; and as he +went, he drew his sword, but the giant had a club. So without more ado +they fell to it; and, at the first blow, the giant struck Mr. +Great-heart down upon one of his knees. With that, the women and +children cried out. So Mr. Great-heart, recovering himself, laid about +him in full lusty manner, and gave the giant a wound in his arm. Thus he +fought for the space of an hour, to that height of heat, that the breath +came out of the giant's nostrils as the heat doth out of a boiling +cauldron. + +Then they sat down to rest them; but Mr. Great-heart betook himself to +prayer. Also the women and children did nothing but sigh and cry all the +time that the battle did last. + +When they had rested them, and taken breath, they both fell to it again; +and Mr. Great-heart with a blow fetched the giant down to the ground. +"Nay, hold, and let me recover," quoth he. So Mr. Great-heart fairly let +him get up: so to it they went again; and the giant missed but little of +breaking Mr. Great-heart's skull with his club. + +Mr. Great-heart seeing that, runs to him in the full heat of his spirit, +and pierceth him under the fifth rib. With that the giant began to +faint, and could hold up his club no longer. Then Mr. Great-heart +seconded his blow, and smote the head of the giant from his shoulders. +Then the women and the children rejoiced, and Mr. Great-heart also +praised God for the deliverance He had wrought. + +When this was done, they amongst them erected a pillar, and fastened the +giant's head thereon, and wrote under it in letters that passengers +might read: + + "He that did wear this head, was one + That pilgrims did misuse; + He stopped their way, he spared none, + But did them all abuse; + Until that I, Great-heart, arose, + The pilgrims' guide to be; + Until that I did him oppose + That was their enemy." + +Now, I saw that they went to the high ground that was a little way off, +cast up to be a prospect for pilgrims. That was the place from whence +Christiana had the first sight of Faithful his brother. Wherefore here +they sat down and rested. They also here did eat and drink and make +merry, for that they had gotten deliverance from this so dangerous an +enemy. As they sat thus and did eat, Christiana asked the guide if he +had caught no hurt in the battle. Then said Mr. Great-heart, "No, save a +little on my flesh; yet that also shall be so far from being to my harm +that it is at present a proof of my love to my Master and you, and shall +be a means, by grace, to increase my reward at last." + +CHR. But were you not afraid, good sir, when you saw him come out with +his club? + +GREAT. "It is my duty," said he, "to mistrust my own ability, that I may +have trust in Him who is stronger than all." + +CHR. But what did you think when he fetched you down to the ground at +the first blow? + +GREAT. "Why, I thought," replied he, "that so my Master Himself was +served; and yet He it was that conquered at the last." + +MATT. When you all have thought what you please, I think God has been +wonderful good unto us, both in bringing us out of this valley, and in +delivering us out of the hand of this enemy. For my part, I see no +reason why we should distrust our God any more, since He has now, and in +such a place as this, given us such proof of His love as this. + +[Sidenote: OLD HONEST] + +Then they got up and went forward. Now, a little before them stood an +oak; and under it, when they came to it, they found an old pilgrim fast +asleep. They knew that he was a pilgrim by his clothes, and his staff, +and his girdle. + +So the guide, Mr. Great-heart, awaked him; and the old gentleman, as he +lifted up his eyes, cried out, "What's the matter? what are you, and +what is your business here?" + +GREAT. Come, man, be not so hot; here are none but friends. + +Yet the old man gets up, and stands upon his guard, and will know of +them what they are. Then said the guide, "My name is Great-heart; I am +the guide of these pilgrims, that are going to the Celestial Country." + +HONEST. Then said Mr. Honest, "I cry you mercy: I feared that you had +been of the company of those that some time ago did rob Little-Faith of +his money; but now I look better about me I perceive you are honester +people." + +GREAT. Why, what would or could you have done to have helped yourself, +if we indeed had been of that company? + +HON. Done! why, I would have fought as long as breath had been in me; +and, had I so done, I am sure you could never have given me the worst +on't, for a Christian can never be overcome unless he shall yield of +himself. + +GREAT. "Well said, Father Honest," quoth the guide; "for by this I know +thou art a cock of the right kind, for thou hast said the truth." + +HON. And by this also I know that thou knowest what true pilgrimage is; +for all others do think that we are the soonest overcome of any. + +[Sidenote: CONVERSES WITH HONEST] + +GREAT. Well, now we are so happily met, pray let me crave your name, and +the name of the place you came from. + +HON. My name I cannot; but I came from the town of Stupidity; it lieth +about four degrees beyond the City of Destruction. + +GREAT. Oh! are you that countryman? then I deem I have half a guess of +you: your name is old Honesty, is it not? + +HON. So the old gentleman blushed, and said, "Not Honesty, but Honest is +my name; and I wish that my nature may agree to what I am called. But, +sir," said the old gentleman, "how could you guess that I am such a man, +since I came from such a place?" + +GREAT. I had heard of you before by my Master; for He knows all things +that are done on the earth. But I have often wondered that any should +come from your place, for your town is worse than is the City of +Destruction itself. + +HON. Yes, we lie more off from the sun, and so are more cold and +senseless. But were a man in a mountain of ice, yet if the Sun of +Righteousness should rise upon him, his frozen heart shall feel a thaw; +and thus it hath been with me. + +GREAT. I believe it, Father Honest, I believe it; for I know the thing +is true. + +Then the old gentleman saluted all the pilgrims with a holy kiss of +love, and asked them their names, and how they had fared since they had +set out on their pilgrimage. + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "My name I suppose you have heard of: good +Christian was my husband, and these are his children." + +But can you think how the old gentleman was taken when she told him who +she was? He skipped, he smiled, he blessed them with a thousand good +wishes, saying: + +HON. I have heard much of your husband, and of his travels and wars +which he underwent in his days. Be it spoken to your comfort, the name +of your husband rings all over these parts of the world: his faith, his +courage, his enduring, and his sincerity under all, have made his name +famous. Then he turned him to the boys, and asked of them their names, +which they told him. Then he said unto them, "Matthew, be thou like +Matthew the publican, not in vice, but in virtue. Samuel," said he, "be +thou like Samuel the prophet, a man of faith and prayer. Joseph," said +he, "be thou like Joseph in Potiphar's house, pure, and one that flees +from temptation. And James, be thou like James the Just, and like James +the brother of our Lord." Then they told him of Mercy, and how she had +left her town and her kindred to come along with Christiana and with her +sons. At that, the old honest man said, "Mercy is thy name? by Mercy +shalt thou be sustained and carried through all those difficulties that +shall attack thee in thy way, till thou shalt come thither where thou +shalt look the Fountain of Mercy in the face with comfort." + +All this while the guide, Mr. Great-heart, was very well pleased and +smiled upon his companion. + +[Sidenote: THEY DISCUSS MR. FEARING] + +Now, as they walked along together, the guide asked the old gentleman if +he did not know one Mr. Fearing, that came on pilgrimage out of his +parts. + +HON. "Yes, very well," said he. "He was a man that had the root of the +matter in him; but he was one of the most troublesome pilgrims that ever +I met with in all my days." + +GREAT. I perceive you knew him, for you have given a very right +character of him. + +HON. Knew him! I was a great companion of his; I was with him most an +end: when he first began to think upon what would come upon us +hereafter, I was with him. + +GREAT. I was his guide from my master's house to the gates of the +Celestial City. + +HON. Then you knew him to be a troublesome one? + +GREAT. I did so; but I could very well bear it, for men of my calling +are oftentimes entrusted with the conduct of such as he was. + +HON. Well, then, pray let us hear a little of him, and how he managed +himself under your conduct. + +GREAT. Why, he was always afraid that he should come short of whither he +had a desire to go. Everything frightened him that he heard anybody +speak of, if it had but the least appearance of opposition in it. I hear +that he lay roaring at the Slough of Despond for above a month together; +nor durst he, for all he saw several go over before him, venture, though +they, many of them, offered to lend him their hand. He would not go back +again neither. The Celestial City, he said, he should die if he came not +to it; and yet was discouraged at every difficulty, and stumbled at +every straw that anybody cast in his way. Well, after he had lain at the +Slough of Despond a great while, as I have told you, one sunshine +morning, I don't know how, he ventured, and so got over; but, when he +was over, he would scarce believe it. He had, I think, a Slough of +Despond in his mind, a slough that he carried everywhere with him, or +else he could never have been as he was. So he came up to the gate (you +know what I mean) that stands at the head of this way, and here also he +stood a good while before he would venture to knock. When the gate was +opened, he would give back, and give place to others, and say that he +was not worthy. For, for all he got before some to the gate, yet many of +them went in before him. There the poor man would stand shaking and +shrinking: I dare say it would have pitied one's heart to have seen him. +Nor would he go back again. At last, he took the hammer that hanged on +the gate in his hand, and gave a small rap or two; then One opened to +him, but he shrank back as before. He that opened stepped out after +him, and said, "Thou trembling one, what wantest thou?" With that, he +fell down to the ground. He that spoke to him wondered to see him so +faint; so He said to him, "Peace be to thee: up, for I have set open the +door to thee; come in, for thou are blessed." With that, he got up, and +went in trembling; and when he was in, he was ashamed to show his face. +Well, after he had been entertained there a while, as you know how the +manner is, he was bid go on his way, and also told the way he should +take. So he came till he came to our house; but as he behaved himself at +the gate, so he did at my master the Interpreter's door. He lay +thereabout in the cold a good while before he would venture to call: yet +he would not go back; and the nights were long and cold then. Nay, he +had a note of need in his bosom to my master, to receive him and grant +him the comfort of his house, and also to allow him a stout and valiant +conductor, because he was himself so chicken-hearted a man; and yet, for +all that, he was afraid to call at the door. So he lay up and down +thereabouts, till, poor man, he was almost starved; yea, so great was +his fear, though he had seen several others for knocking get in, yet he +was afraid to venture. At last, I think I looked out of the window, and +perceiving a man to be up and down about the door, I went out to him, +and asked what he was; but, poor man, the water stood in his eyes; so I +perceived what he wanted. I went therefore in, and told it in the +house, and we showed the things to our Lord: so he sent me out again, to +entreat him to come in; but I dare say I had hard work to do it. At last +he came in; and I will say that for my Lord, he carried it wonderful +lovingly to him. There were but few good bits at the table, but some of +it was laid upon his trencher. Then he presented the note; and my Lord +looked thereon, and said his desire should be granted. So, when he had +been there a good while, he seemed to get some heart, and to be a little +more comfortable. For my master, you must know, is one of very tender +heart, specially to them that are afraid; wherefore he carried it so +towards him as might tend most to his encouragement. Well, when he had a +sight of the things of the place, and was ready to take his journey to +go to the City, my Lord, as he did to Christian before, gave him a +bottle of spirits, and some comfortable things to eat. Thus we set +forward, and I went before him; but the man was but of few words, only +he would sigh aloud. + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART'S REMINISCENCES] + +When we were come to the place where the three fellows were hanged, he +said that he doubted that that would be his end also. Only he seemed +glad when he saw the Cross and the sepulchre. There, I confess, he +desired to stay a little to look; and he seemed, for a little while +after, to be a little cheery. When we came at the Hill Difficulty, he +made no stick at that, nor did he much fear the lions, for you must know +that his trouble was not about such things as those; his fear was about +his acceptance at last. + +I got him in at the House Beautiful, I think, before he was willing. +Also, when he was in, I brought him acquainted with the damsels that +were of the place; but he was ashamed to make himself much for company. +He desired much to be alone; yet he always loved good talk, and often +would get behind the screen to hear it. He also loved much to see +ancient things, and to be pondering them in his mind. He told me, +afterwards, that he loved to be in those two houses from which he came +last; to wit, at the gate, and that of the Interpreter; but that he +durst not be so bold as to ask. + +When we went also from the House Beautiful, down the hill into the +Valley of Humiliation, he went down as well as ever I saw a man in my +life: for he cared not how mean he was, so he might be happy at last. +Yea, I think there was a kind of sympathy betwixt that valley and him; +for I never saw him better in all his pilgrimage than when he was in +that valley. + +Here he would lie down, embrace the ground, and kiss the very flowers +that grew in this valley. He would now be up every morning by break of +day, tracing and walking to and fro in this valley. + +But when he was come to the entrance of the Valley of the Shadow of +Death, I thought I should have lost my man: not for that he had any +inclination to go back--that he always abhorred; but he was ready to +die for fear. "Oh, the hobgoblins will have me! the hobgoblins will have +me!" cried he, and I could not beat him out of it. He made such a noise +and such an outcry here, that, had they but heard him, it was enough to +encourage them to come and fall upon us. + +But this I took very great notice of, that this valley was as quiet +while we went through it as ever I knew it before or since. I suppose +those enemies here had now a special check from our Lord, and a command +not to meddle until Mr. Fearing had passed over it. + +[Sidenote: FEARING AT VANITY FAIR] + +It would be too tedious to tell you of all, I will therefore only +mention a passage or two more. When he was come at Vanity Fair, I +thought he would have fought with all the men in the fair. I feared +there we should both have been knocked on the head, so hot was he +against their fooleries. Upon the Enchanted Ground he was also very +wakeful. But, when he was come at the river where was no bridge, there +again he was in a heavy case. Now, now, he said, he should be drowned +for ever, and so never see that face with comfort that he had come so +many miles to behold. + +And here also I took notice of what was very remarkable: the water of +that river was lower at this time than ever I saw it in all my life: so +he went over at last, not much above wetshod. When he was going up to +the gate, I began to take leave of him, and to wish him a good +reception above. So he said, "I shall, I shall." Then parted we +asunder, and I saw him no more. + +HON. Then it seems he was well at last? + +GREAT. Yes, yes; I never had a doubt about him. He was a man of choice +spirit; only he was always kept very low, and that made his life so +burthensome to himself and so troublesome to others. He was, above many, +tender of sin: he was so afraid of doing injuries to others, that he +often would deny himself of that which was lawful because he would not +offend. + +HON. But what should be the reason that such a good man should be all +his days so much in the dark? + +GREAT. There are two sorts of reasons for it. One is, the wise God will +have it so; some must pipe, and some must weep. Now Mr. Fearing was one +that played upon this bass. He and his fellows sound the sackbut, whose +notes are more doleful than the notes of other music are; though, +indeed, some say the bass is the ground of music. And, for my part, I +care not at all for that profession which begins, not in heaviness of +mind. The first string that the musician usually touches is the bass, +when he intends to put all in tune. God also plays upon this string +first, when He sets the soul in tune for Himself. Only here was the +imperfection of Mr. Fearing: he could play upon no other music but this +till toward his latter end. + +I make bold to talk thus in figures, for the ripening of the wits of +young readers, and because, in the book of the Revelation, the saved +are compared to a company of musicians, that play upon their trumpets +and harps, and sing their songs before the throne. + +HON. He was a very zealous man, as one may see by the relation which you +have given of him. Difficulties, lions, or Vanity Fair he feared not at +all; it was only sin, death, and hell that were to him a terror, because +he had some doubts about his interest in that Celestial Country. + +GREAT. You say right: those were the things that were his troublers, and +they, as you have well observed, arose from the weakness of his mind +thereabout, not from weakness of spirit as to the practical part of a +pilgrim's life. I dare believe that, as the proverb is, he would have +bit a firebrand, had it stood in his way; but the things with which he +was oppressed no man ever yet could shake off with ease. + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "This relation of Mr. Fearing has done me +good. I thought nobody had been like me; but I see there was some +semblance betwixt this good man and I: only we differed in two things. +His troubles were so great that they broke out; but mine I kept within. +His also lay so hard upon him, they made him that he could not knock at +the houses provided for entertainment; but my trouble was always such as +made me knock the louder." + +MER. If I might also speak my heart, I must say that something of him +has also dwelt in me; for I have ever been more afraid of the lake, and +the loss of a place in Paradise, than I have been of the loss of other +things. Oh, thought I, may I have the happiness to have a habitation +there, it is enough, though I part with all the world to win it! + +MATT. Then said Matthew, "Fear was one thing that made me think that I +was far from having that within me which makes me sure of being saved. +But if it were so with such a good man as he, why may it not also go +well with me?" + +JAMES. "No fears, no grace," said James, "Though there is not always +grace where there is the fear of hell, yet, to be sure, there is no +grace where there is no fear of God." + +GREAT. Well said, James; thou hast hit the mark. For the fear of God is +the beginning of wisdom; and, to be sure, they that want the beginning +have neither middle nor end. But we will here conclude our discourse of +Mr. Fearing, after we have sent after him this farewell: + + "Well, Master Fearing, thou didst fear + Thy God, and wast afraid + Of doing anything while here + That would have thee betrayed. + + "And didst thou fear the lake and pit? + Would others did so too! + For, as for them that want thy wit, + They do themselves undo." + +[Sidenote: HONEST TELLS OF MR. SELF-WILL] + +Now I saw that they still went on in their talk; for, after Mr. +Great-heart had made an end with Mr. Fearing, Mr. Honest began to tell +them of another, but his name was Mr. Self-will. "He pretended himself +to be a pilgrim," said Mr. Honest, "but I persuade myself he never came +in at the gate that stands at the head of the way." + +GREAT. Had you ever any talk with him about it? + +HON. Yes, more than once or twice; but he would always be like himself, +self-willed. He neither cared for man, nor argument, nor yet example; +what his mind prompted him to, that he would do, and nothing else could +he be got to do. + +GREAT. Pray, what principles did he hold? for I suppose you can tell. + +HON. He held that a man might follow the sins as well as the virtues of +pilgrims; and that, if he did both, he should be certainly saved. + +GREAT. How! If he had said it is possible for the best to be guilty of +the vices, as well as to partake of the virtues, of pilgrims, he could +not much have been blamed; for, indeed, we are free from no sin +absolutely, but on condition that we watch and strive. But this, I +perceive, is not the thing; but, if I understood you right, your meaning +is that he was of opinion that it was allowable so to be. + +HON. Ay, ay, so I mean, and so he believed and acted. + +GREAT. But what grounds had he for his so saying? + +HON. Why, he said he had the Scripture for his warrant. + +[Sidenote: HONEST QUOTES SELF-WILL] + +GREAT. Prithee, Mr. Honest, present us with a few particulars. + +HON. So I will. He said, To have to do with other men's wives had been +practiced by David, God's beloved; and therefore he could do it. He +said, To have more women than one was a thing that Solomon practiced; +and therefore he could do it. He said that Sarah lied, and so did Rahab; +and therefore he could do it. He said that the disciples went at the +bidding of their Master, and took away the owner's ass; and therefore he +could do so too. He said that Jacob got the inheritance of his father in +a way of guile and cheating; and therefore he could do so too. + +GREAT. Highly base, indeed! And you are sure he was of this opinion? + +HON. I have heard him plead for it, bring Scripture for it, bring +argument for it, and so on. + +GREAT. An opinion that is not fit to be with any allowance in the world! + +HON. You must understand me rightly: he did not say that _any_ man might +do this; but that they who had the virtues of those that did such +things, might also do the same. + +GREAT. But what more false than such a conclusion? For this is as much +as to say that, because good men heretofore have sinned through weakness +or forgetfulness, therefore he had an allowance to do it of a purpose; +or if, because a child, by the blast of the wind, or for that it +stumbled at a stone, fell down and defiled itself in the mire, +therefore he might wilfully lie down and wallow like a boar therein. Who +could have thought that any one could so far have been blinded by the +power of sin. But what is written must be true: they "stumble at the +Word, being disobedient; whereunto also they were appointed." His +supposing that such may have the godly man's virtues, who accustom +themselves to their vices, is also a delusion as strong as the other. To +eat up the sin of God's people as a dog licks up filth, is no sign of +one that is possessed with their virtues. Nor can I believe that one who +is of this opinion can have faith or love in him. But I know you have +made strong objections against him: prithee, what can he say for +himself? + +HON. Why, he says, "To do this openly and by way of opinion, seems +abundantly more honest than to do it and yet hold contrary to it in +opinion." + +GREAT. A very wicked answer. For, though to let loose the bridle to +lusts while our opinions are against such things is bad; yet to sin, and +plead a toleration so to do, is worse. The one stumbles beholders +accidentally, the other _pleads_ them into the snare. + +HON. There are many of this man's mind, that have not this man's mouth; +and that makes going on pilgrimage of so little esteem as it is. + +GREAT. You have said the truth, and it is to be lamented; but he that +feareth the King of Paradise shall come out of them all. + +CHR. There are strange opinions in the world. I know one that said it +was time enough to turn from sin when they come to die. + +GREAT. Such are not overwise. That man would have been loth, might he +have had a week to run twenty miles in for his life, to have deferred +that journey to the last hour of that week. + +HON. You say right; and yet the most of them who count themselves +pilgrims do indeed do thus. I am, as you see, an old man, and have been +a traveller in this road many a day, and I have taken notice of many +things. I have seen some that have set out as if they would drive all +the world afore them, who yet have, in a few days, died as they in the +wilderness, and so never got sight of the promised land. I have seen +some that have promised nothing at first, setting out to be pilgrims, +and that one would have thought could not have lived a day, that have +yet proved very good pilgrims. I have seen some that have run hastily +forward, that again have, after a little time, run just as fast back +again. I have seen some who have spoken very well of a pilgrim's life at +first, that, after a while, have spoken as much against it. I have heard +some, when they first set out for Paradise, say positively there is such +a place, who, when they have been almost there, have come back again, +and said there is none. I have heard some boast what they would do in +case they should be opposed, that have, even at a false alarm, fled +faith, the pilgrim's way, and all. + +Now, as they were thus in their way, there came one running to meet +them, and said, "Gentlemen, and you of the weaker sort, if you love +life, shift for yourselves, for the robbers are before you." + +GREAT. "They be the three that set upon Little-Faith heretofore. Well," +said he, "we are ready for them." + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS PROCEED] + +So they went on their way. Now they looked at every turning when they +should have met with the villains; but whether they heard of Mr. +Great-heart, or whether they had some other game, they came not up to +the pilgrims. + + + + +CHAPTER VII. + +ENTERTAINED BY GAIUS. + + +Christiana then wished for an inn for herself and her children, because +they were weary. + +Then said Mr. Honest, "There is one a little before us, where a very +honorable disciple, one Gaius, dwells." So they all concluded to turn in +thither, and the rather because the old gentleman gave him so good a +report. When they came to the door, they went in, not knocking, for +folks use not to knock at the door of an inn. Then they called for the +master of the house, and he came to them; so they asked if they might +lie there that night. + +GAIUS. Yes, gentlemen, if you be true men, for my house is for none but +pilgrims. + +Then were Christiana, Mercy, and the boys the more glad, for that the +Innkeeper was a lover of pilgrims. So they called for rooms, and he +showed them one for Christiana, and her children, and Mercy, and another +for Mr. Great-heart and the old gentleman. + +GREAT. "Good Gaius, what hast thou for supper? for these pilgrims have +come far to-day, and are weary." + +GAIUS. "It is late, so we cannot conveniently go out to seek food; but +such as we have you shall be welcome to, if that will content." + +GREAT. We will be content with what thou hast in the house; forasmuch as +I have proved thee, thou art never without that which is suitable. + +Then he went down and spake to the cook, whose name was +Taste-that-which-is-good, to get ready supper for so many pilgrims. This +done, he came up again, saying, "Come, my good friends, you are welcome +to me, and I am glad that I have a house to entertain you in; and, while +supper is making ready, if you please, let us entertain one another with +some good talking together." + +So they all said, "Content." + +GAIUS. "Whose wife is this aged matron? and whose daughter is this young +damsel?" + +GREAT. The woman is the wife of one Christian, a pilgrim of former +times; and these are his four children. The maid is one of her +acquaintance, one that she hath persuaded to come with her on +pilgrimage. The boys take all after their father, and wish to tread in +his steps; yea, if they do but see any place where the old pilgrim hath +lain, or any print of his foot, it bringeth joy to their hearts, and +they are eager to lie or tread in the same. + +[Sidenote: FAMILY OF THE CHRISTIANS] + +GAIUS. "Is this Christian's wife, and are these Christian's children? I +knew your husband's father; yea, also his father's father. Many have +been good of this stock; their ancestors dwelt first at Antioch. +Christian's ancestors, the early fathers from whom he came (I suppose +you have heard your husband talk of them) were very worthy men. They +have, above any that I know, showed themselves men of great virtue and +courage, for the Lord of pilgrims, His ways, and them that loved Him. I +have heard of many of your husband's relations that have stood all +trials for the sake of the truth. Stephen, who was one of the first of +the family from whence your husband sprang, was knocked on the head with +stones. James, another of this generation, was slain with the edge of +the sword. To say nothing of Paul and Peter, men anciently of the family +from whence your husband came; there was Ignatius, who was cast to the +lions; Romanus, whose flesh was cut by pieces from his bones; and +Polycarp, that played the man in the fire; there was he that was hanged +up in a basket in the sun for the wasps to eat; and he whom they put +into a sack, and cast him into the sea to be drowned. It would be +utterly impossible to count up all of that family who have suffered +injuries and death for the love of a pilgrim's life. Nor can I but be +glad to see that thy husband has left behind him four such boys as +these. I hope they will bear out their father's name, and tread in their +father's steps, and come to their father's end." + +GREAT. Indeed, sir, they are likely lads; they seem to choose heartily +their father's ways. + +GAIUS. That is it that I said; wherefore Christian's family is like +still to spread abroad upon the face of the ground, and yet to be +numerous upon the face of the earth. Wherefore let Christiana look out +some damsels for her sons, to whom they may be married, etc., that the +name of their father and the house of his family may never be forgotten +in the world. + +HON. 'Tis pity this family should fall and die out of the world. + +GAIUS. Fall it cannot, but be diminished it may; but let Christiana take +my advice, and that is the way to uphold it. "And Christiana," said this +Innkeeper, "I am glad to see thee and thy friend Mercy together here, a +lovely couple. And may I advise, take Mercy into a nearer relation to +thee; if she will, let her be given to Matthew, thy eldest son. It is +the way to give you a family in the earth." + +So this match was arranged, and in process of time they were married; +but more of that hereafter. + +Gaius also proceeded, and said, "I will now speak on the behalf of +women, to take away their reproach. For as death and the curse came into +the world by a woman, so also did life and health: 'God sent forth His +Son, born of a woman.' I will say again, that when the Saviour was come, +women rejoiced in Him before either man or angel. I read not that man +ever gave unto Christ so much as one penny; but the women followed Him, +and ministered to Him of their substance. 'Twas a woman that washed His +feet with tears, and a woman that anointed His body to the burial. They +were women that wept when He was going to the cross, and women that +followed Him from the cross; and that sat over against the sepulchre +when He was buried. They were women that were first with Him at His +resurrection-morn, and women that brought tidings first to His disciples +that He was risen from the dead. Women, therefore, are highly favored, +and show by these things that they are sharers with us in the grace of +life." + +[Sidenote: THE SUPPER AT GAIUS'S HOUSE] + +Now the cook sent up to signify that supper was almost ready, and sent +one to lay the cloth, the dishes, and to set the salt and bread in +order. + +Then said Matthew, "The sight of this cloth, and of this forerunner of +the supper, awaketh in me a greater appetite to my food than I had +before." + +GAIUS. So let all teaching truth to thee in this life awaken in thee a +greater desire to sit at the supper of the great King in His kingdom; +for all preaching, books, and services here, are but as the laying of +the dishes, and as setting of salt upon the board, when compared with +the feast which our Lord will make for us when we come to His house. + +So supper came up. And first a heave-shoulder and a wave-breast were set +on the table before them, to show that they must begin their meal with +prayer and praise to God. The heave-shoulder David lifted up his heart +to God with; and with the wave-breast, where his heart lay, he used to +lean upon his harp when he played. These two dishes were very fresh and +good, and they all ate heartily well thereof. + +The next they brought up was a bottle of wine, red as blood. So Gaius +said to them, "Drink freely: this is the true juice of the vine, that +makes glad the heart of God and man." So they drank and were merry. The +next was a dish of milk, well crumbed; but Gaius said, "Let the boys +have that, that they may grow thereby." + +Then they brought up in course of dish of butter and honey. Then said +Gaius, "Eat freely of this, for this is good to cheer up and strengthen +your judgments and understandings. This was our Lord's dish when He was +a child: 'Butter and honey shall He eat, that He may know to refuse the +evil and choose the good.'" + +Then they brought them up a dish of apples, and they were very good +tasted fruit. Then said Matthew, "May we eat apples, since they were +such by and with which the serpent deceived our first mother Eve?" + +Then said Gaius: + + "Apples were they with which we were beguiled; + Yet sin, not apples, hath our souls defiled. + Apples forbid, if ate, corrupt the blood; + To eat such, when commanded, does us good. + Drink of His flagons, then, thou Church, His dove, + And eat His apples who are sick of love." + +Then said Matthew, "I made the objection, because I, a while since, was +sick with eating of fruit." + +GAIUS. Forbidden fruit will make you sick; but not what our Lord has +allowed. + +While they were thus talking, they were presented with another dish, and +it was a dish of nuts. Then said some at the table, "Nuts spoil tender +teeth, specially the teeth of children;" which, when Gaius heared, he +said; + + "Hard texts are nuts (I will not call them cheaters), + Whose shells do keep their kernels from the eaters; + Ope then the shells, and you shall have the meat: + They here are brought for you to crack and eat." + +Then were they very merry, and sat at the table a long time, talking of +many things. Then said the old gentleman, "My good landlord, while we +are cracking your nuts, if you please, do you open this riddle; + + "A man there was, though some did count him mad, + The more he cast away, the more he had." + +Then they all gave good heed, wondering what good Gaius would say: so he +sat still awhile, and then thus replied: + + "He that bestows his goods upon the poor + Shall have as much again, and ten times more." + +Then said Joseph, "I dare say, sir, I did not think you could have found +it out." + +"Oh!" said Gaius, "I have been trained up in this way a great while: +nothing teaches like experience, I have learned of my Lord to be kind, +and have found by experience that I have gained thereby. 'There is that +scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that withholdeth more than +is meet, but it tendeth to poverty.' 'There is that maketh himself rich, +yet hath nothing; there is that maketh himself poor, yet hath great +riches.'" + +[Sidenote: MERCY AND MATTHEW] + +Then Samuel whispered to Christiana, his mother, and said, "Mother, this +is a very good man's house; let us stay here a good while, and let my +brother Matthew be married here to Mercy before we go any farther." The +which Gaius, the host, overhearing, said, "With a very good will, my +child." + +So they stayed there more than a month, and Mercy was given to Matthew +to wife. While they stayed here, Mercy, as her custom was, would be +making coats and garments to give to the poor, by which she brought up a +very good report upon the pilgrims. + +But to return again to our story. After supper, the lads desired a bed, +for that they were weary with travelling. Then Gaius called to show them +their chamber; but said Mercy, "I will have them to bed." So she had +them to bed, and they slept well; but the rest sat up all night, for +Gaius and they were such suitable company, that they could not tell how +to part. + +Then, after much talk of their Lord, themselves, and their journey, old +Mr. Honest, he that put forth the riddle to Gaius, began to nod. + +Then said Great-heart, "What, sir! you begin to be drowsy? Come, rub up. +Now, here's a riddle for you." + +Then said Mr. Honest, "Let us hear it." + +Then said Mr. Great-heart: + + "He that will kill, must first be overcome; + Who live abroad would, first must die at home." + +"Ha!" said Mr. Honest, "it is a hard one; hard to explain, and harder to +do. But come, landlord," said he, "I will, if you please, leave my part +to you: do you expound it, and I will hear what you say." + +"No," said Gaius, "it was put to you, and it is expected you should +answer it." Then said the old gentleman: + + "He first by grace must conquered be, + That sin would mortify; + And who that lives would convince me, + Unto himself must die." + +Thus they sat talking till break of day. Now, when the family were up, +Christiana bade her son James read a chapter; so he read the fifty-third +of Isaiah. + +"Well," said Gaius, "now you are here, and since, as I know Mr. +Great-heart is good at his weapons, if you please, after we have +refreshed ourselves we will walk into the fields, to see if we can do +any good. About a mile from hence there is one Slay-good, a giant, that +doth much annoy the King's highway in these parts; and I know +whereabout his haunt is. He is master of a number of thieves: 'twould be +well if we could clear these parts of him." + +So they consented and went; Mr. Great-heart with his sword, helmet, and +shield, and the rest with spears and staves. + +[Sidenote: SLAY-GOOD DESTROYED] + +When they were come to the place where he was, they found him with one +Feeble-minded in his hands, whom his servants had brought unto him, +having taken him in the way. Now the giant was picking his pockets, with +a purpose after that to pick his bones; for he was of the nature of +flesh-eaters. + +Well, so soon as he saw Mr. Great-heart and his friends at the mouth of +his cave with their weapons, he demanded what they wanted. + +GREAT. We want thee, for we are come to revenge the quarrel of the many +that thou hast slain of the pilgrims, when thou has dragged them out of +the King's highway; wherefore come out of thy cave. + +So he armed himself and came out; and to battle they went, and fought +for above an hour, and then stood still to take wind. + +SLAY. Then said the giant, "Why are you here on my ground?" + +GREAT. To revenge the blood of pilgrims, as I told thee before. + +[Sidenote: FEEBLE-MIND RESCUED] + +So they went to it again, and the giant made Mr. Great-heart give back; +but he came up again, and in the greatness of his mind he let fly with +such stoutness at the giant's head and sides, that he made him let his +weapon fall out of his hand. So he smote him, and slew him, and cut off +his head, and brought it away to the inn. He also took Feeble-mind, the +pilgrim, and brought him with him to his lodgings. When they were come +home, they showed his head to the family, and then set it up as they had +done others before, for a terror to those that should attempt to do as +he hereafter. + +Then they asked Mr. Feeble-mind how he fell into his hands. + +FEEBLE. Then said the poor man, "I am a sickly man, as you see; and +because death did usually once a day knock at my door, I thought I +should never be well at home: so I betook myself to a pilgrim's life, +and have travelled hither from the town of Uncertain, where I and my +father were born. I am a man of no strength at all of body, nor yet of +mind, but would, if I could, though I can but crawl, spend my life in +the pilgrims' way. When I came at the gate that is at the head of the +way, the Lord of that place did entertain me freely; neither objected He +against my weakly looks, nor against my feeble mind, but gave me such +things as were necessary for my journey, and bid me hope to the end. +When I came to the house of the Interpreter, I received much kindness +there; and because the Hill Difficulty was judged too hard for me, I was +carried up that by one of his servants. Indeed, I have found much +relief from pilgrims: though none were willing to go so softly as I am +forced to do, yet still as they came on they bid me be of good cheer, +and said that it was the will of their Lord that comfort should be given +to the feeble-minded, and so went on their own pace. When I was come to +Assault Lane, then this giant met with me, and bid me prepare for an +encounter. But, alas! feeble one that I was, I had more need of a +cordial; so he came up and took me. I believed not that he should kill +me. Also when he got me into his den, since I went not with him +willingly, I believed I should come out alive again; for I have heard +that not any pilgrim that is taken captive by violent hands, if he keeps +heart-whole towards his Master, is, by the laws of Providence, to die by +the hands of the enemy. Robbed I looked to be, and robbed to be sure I +am; but I have, as you see, escaped with life, for the which I thank my +King as author, and you as the means. Other brunts I also look for; but +this I have resolved on--to wit, to run when I can, to go when I cannot +run, and to creep when I cannot go. As to the principal thing, I thank +Him that loves me, I am fixed: my way is before me, my mind is beyond +the river that has no bridge, though I am, as you see, but of a feeble +mind." + +HON. Then said old Mr. Honest, "Have not you some time ago been +acquainted with one Mr. Fearing, a pilgrim?" + +FEEBLE. Acquainted with him! yes; he came from the town of Stupidity, +which lies four degrees northward of the City of Destruction, and as +many off of where I was born; yet we were well acquainted, for indeed he +was my uncle, my father's brother. He and I have been much of a temper: +he was a little shorter than I, but yet we were much of a complexion. + +HON. I perceive you know him, and I am apt to believe also that you are +related one to another; for you have his whitely look, a cast like his +with your eye, and your speech is much alike. + +FEEBLE. Most have said so that have known us both; and besides, what I +have read in him I have for the most part found in myself. + +GAIUS. "Come, sir," said good Gaius, "be of good cheer: you are welcome +to me and to my house. What thou hast a mind to, call for freely; and +what thou wouldst have my servants do for thee, they will do it with a +ready mind." + +Then said Mr. Feeble-mind, "This is an unexpected favor, and as the sun +shining out of a very dark cloud. Did Giant Slay-good intend me this +favor when he stopped me, and resolved to let me go no farther? Did he +intend that, after he had rifled my pockets, I should go to Gaius, mine +host? Yet so it is." + +Now, just as Feeble-mind and Gaius were thus in talk, there came one +running, and called at the door, and said, that "About a mile and a half +off there was one Mr. Not-right, a pilgrim, struck dead upon the place +where he was, with a thunderbolt." + +FEEBLE. "Alas!" said Mr. Feeble-mind, "is he slain? He overtook me some +days before I came so far as hither, and would be my company-keeper. He +also was with me when Slay-good, the giant, took me; but he was nimble +of his heels, and escaped; but it seems he escaped to die, and I was +taken to live. + + "What, one would think, doth seek to slay outright, + Ofttimes delivers from the saddest plight, + That very Providence, whose face is death, + Doth ofttimes to the lowly life bequeath. + I was taken, he did escape and flee; + Hands crossed gives death to him, and life to me." + +[Sidenote: PHOEBE AND JAMES] + +Now, about this time, Matthew and Mercy were married; also Gaius gave +his daughter Phoebe to James, Matthew's brother, to wife; after which +time, they yet stayed about ten days at Gaius's house, spending their +time and the seasons like as pilgrims use to do. + +When they were to depart, Gaius made them a feast, and they did eat and +drink and were merry. Now, the hour was come that they must be gone, +wherefore Mr. Great-heart called for the bill of charges. But Gaius told +him that at his house it was not the custom of pilgrims to pay for their +entertainment. He boarded them by the year, but looked for his pay from +the Good Samaritan, who had promised him, at His return, whatsoever +charge he was at with them, faithfully to repay him. + +Then said Mr. Great-heart to him, + +GREAT. Beloved, thou doest faithfully, whatsoever thou doest to the +brethren and to strangers, which have borne witness of thy liberal +giving before the Church; whom if thou yet bring forward on their +journey after a godly sort, thou shalt do well. + +Then Gaius took his leave of them all, and his children, and +particularly of Mr. Feeble-mind. He also gave him something to drink by +the way. + +Now, Mr. Feeble-mind, when they were going out of the door, made as if +he intended to linger. The which when Mr. Great-heart espied, he said, +"Come, Mr. Feeble-mind, pray do you go along with us: I will be your +conductor, and you shall fare as the rest." + +FEEBLE. Alas! I want a suitable companion. You are all lusty and strong, +but I, as you see, am weak; I choose, therefore, rather to come behind, +lest, by reason of my many weaknesses, I should be both a burden to +myself and to you. I am, as I said, a man of a weak and feeble mind, and +shall be injured and made weak at that which others can bear. I shall +like no laughing; I shall like no gay attire; I shall like no +unprofitable questions. Nay, I am so weak a man as to be harmed with +that which others have a liberty to do. I do not yet know all the truth; +I am a very ignorant Christian man. Sometimes, if I hear any rejoice in +the Lord, it troubles me, because I cannot do so too. It is with me as +it is with a weak man among the strong, or as with a sick man among the +healthy, or as a lamp despised. "He that is ready to slip with his feet +is as a lamp despised in the thought of him that is at ease;" so that I +know not what to do. + +GREAT. "But, brother," said Mr. Great-heart, "I have it in my work to +comfort the feeble-minded and to support the weak. You must needs go +along with us: we will wait for you; we will lend you our help; we will +deny ourselves of some things, for your sake; we will not enter into +doubtful questions before you! we will be made all things to you, rather +than you shall be left behind." + +Now, all this while they were at Gaius's door, and, behold, as they were +thus in the heat of their discourse, Mr. Ready-to-halt came by, with his +crutches in his hands; and he also was going on pilgrimage. + +FEEBLE. Then said Mr. Feeble-mind to him, "How camest thou hither? I was +but now complaining that I had not a suitable companion, but thou art +according to my wish. Welcome, welcome, good Mr. Ready-to-halt; I hope +thou and I may be some help." + +READY. "I shall be glad of thy company," said the other; "and, good Mr. +Feeble-mind, rather than we will part, since we are thus happily met, I +will lend thee one of my crutches." + +FEEBLE. "Nay," said he, "though I thank thee for thy good-will, I am not +inclined to halt before I am lame. Howbeit, I think, when occasion is, +it may help me against a dog." + +READY. If either myself or my crutches can do thee a pleasure, we are +both at thy command, good Mr. Feeble-mind. + +Thus, therefore, they went on. Mr. Great-heart and Mr. Honest went +before, Christiana and her children went next, and Mr. Feeble-mind came +behind, and Mr. Ready-to-halt with his crutches. Then said Mr. Honest, + +HON. Pray, sir, now that we are upon the road, tell us some profitable +things of some that have gone on pilgrimage before us. + +[Sidenote: REVIEWS OTHER PILGRIMAGES] + +GREAT. With a good will. I suppose you have heard how Christian of old +did meet with Apollyon in the Valley of Humiliation, and also what hard +work he had to go through the Valley of the Shadow of Death. Also I +think you cannot but have heard how Faithful was put to it by Madam +Wanton, with Adam the first, with one Discontent, and Shame; four as +deceitful villains as a man can meet with upon the road. + +HON. Yes, I believe I have heard of all this; but, indeed, good Faithful +was hardest put to it with Shame: he was an unwearied one. + +GREAT. Ay; for, as the pilgrim well said, he of all men had the wrong +name. + +HON. But pray, sir, where was it that Christian and Faithful met +Talkative? That same was also a notable one. + +GREAT. He was a confident fool; yet many follow his ways. + +HON. He had liked to have deceived Faithful. + +GREAT. Ay, but Christian put him into a way quickly to find him out. + +Thus they went on till they came to the place where Evangelist met with +Christian and Faithful, and foretold them what should befall them at +Vanity Fair. Then said their guide, "Hereabouts did Christian and +Faithful meet with Evangelist, who foretold them of their troubles which +they should meet with at Vanity Fair." + +HON. Say you so? I dare say it was a hard chapter, then, that he did +read unto them! + +GREAT. It was; but he gave them encouragement withal. But what do we +talk of them? they were a couple of lion-like men: they had set their +faces like flint. Do not you remember how undaunted they were when they +stood before the judge? + +HON. Well. Faithful bravely suffered. + +GREAT. So he did, and as brave things came on't; for Hopeful and some +others, as the story relates it, were converted by his death. + +HON. Well, but pray go on, for you are well acquainted with things. + +GREAT. Above all that Christian met with after he had passed through +Vanity Fair, one By-ends was the arch one. + +HON. By-ends! what was he? + +GREAT. A very arch fellow--a downright deceiver; one that would be +religious, which way soever the world went; but so cunning that he would +be sure never to lose or suffer for it. He had his mode of religion for +every fresh occasion, and his wife was as good at it as he. And he would +turn and change from opinion to opinion; yea, and plead for so doing, +too. But, as far as I could learn, he came to an ill end with his +by-ends; nor did I ever hear that any of his children were ever of any +esteem with any that truly feared God. + +[Sidenote: THEY ARRIVE AT VANITY FAIR] + +Now, by this time they were come within sight of the town of Vanity, +where Vanity Fair is kept. So, when they saw that they were so near the +town, they consulted with one another how they should pass through the +town; and some said one thing, and some another. At last Mr. Great-heart +said, "I have, as you may understand, often been a conductor of pilgrims +through this town. Now, I am acquainted with one Mr. Mnason, a Cyprusian +by nature, an old disciple, at whose house we may lodge. If you think +good," said he, "we will turn in there." + +[Sidenote: MNASON ENTERTAINS PILGRIMS] + +"Content," said old Honest; "Content," said Christiana; "Content," said +Mr. Feeble-mind; and so they said all. Now, you must think it was +eventide by that they got to the outside of the town; but Mr. +Great-heart knew the way to the old man's house. So thither they came, +and he called at the door; and the old man within knew his tongue so +soon as ever he heard it; so he opened the door, and they all came in. +Then said Mnason, their host, "How far have ye come to-day?" + +So they said, "From the house of Gaius, our friend." + +"I promise you," said he, "you have come a good stitch: you may well be +weary. Sit down." So they sat down. + +GREAT. Then said their guide, "Come, what cheer, sirs? I dare say you +are welcome to my friend." + +MNAS. "I also," said Mr. Mnason, "do bid you welcome; and whatever you +want, do but say, and we will do what we can to get it for you." + +HON. Our great want a while since was a resting-place and good company, +and now I hope we have both. + +MNAS. For resting-place, you see what it is; but for good company, that +will appear in the trial. + +GREAT. "Well," said Great-heart, "will you have the pilgrims up into +their lodging?" + +MNAS. "I will," said Mr. Mnason. So he had them up to their several +places, and also showed them a very fair dining-room, where they might +be, and sup together, until time should come to go to rest. + +Now, when they were set in their places, and were a little cheery after +their journey, Mr. Honest asked his landlord if there were any store of +good people in the town. + +MNAS. We have a few; for, indeed, they are but a few when compared with +them on the other side. + +HON. But how shall we do to see some of them? for the sight of good men +to them that are going on pilgrimage is like the appearing of the moon +and stars to them that are sailing upon the seas. + +[Sidenote: FRIENDS CALL ON THE PILGRIMS] + +MNAS. Then Mr. Mnason stamped with his foot, and his daughter Grace came +up. So he said unto her, "Grace, go you, tell my friends, Mr. Contrite, +Mr. Holy-man, Mr. Love-saint, Mr. Dare-not-lie, and Mr. Penitent, that I +have a friend or two at my house who have a mind this evening to see +them." So Grace went to call them, and they came; and, after salutation +made, they sat down together at the table. + +Then said Mr. Mnason, their landlord, "My neighbors, I have, as you see, +a company of strangers come to my house: they are pilgrims; they come +from afar, and are going to Mount Zion. But who," quoth he, "do you +think this is?" pointing with his finger to Christiana. "It is +Christiana, the wife of Christian, that famous pilgrim who, with +Faithful his brother, was so shamefully handled in our town." + +At that they stood amazed, saying, "We little thought to see Christiana +when Grace came to call us; wherefore this is a very comfortable +surprise." They then asked her of her welfare, and if these young men +were her husband's sons. And when she told them they were, they said, +"The King whom you love and serve, make you as your father, and bring +you where he is in peace!" + +HON. Then Mr. Honest (when they had all sat down) asked Mr. Contrite and +the rest, in what posture their town was at present. + +CONTRITE. You may be sure we are full of hurry in fair-time. 'Tis hard +keeping our hearts and spirits in good order when we are in a cumbered +condition. He that lives in such a place as this, and has to do with +such as we have, has need of a hint to caution him to take heed, every +moment of the day. + +HON. But how are your neighbors for quietness? + +CONTR. They are much more moderate now than formerly. You know how +Christian and Faithful were used at our town; but of late, I say, they +have been far more moderate. I think the blood of Faithful lieth as a +load upon them till now; for since they burned him they have been +ashamed to burn any more. In those days we were afraid to walk the +street; but now we can show our heads. Then the name of a Christian was +hated; now, specially in some parts of our town (for you know our town +is large), religion is counted honorable. + +Then said Mr. Contrite to them, "Pray, how fareth it with you in your +pilgrimage? how stands the country towards you?" + +HON. It happens to us as it happeneth to wayfaring men: sometimes our +way is clean, sometimes up-hill, sometimes down-hill: we are seldom at a +certainty. The wind is not always on our back, nor is every one a friend +that we meet with in the way. We have met with some notable rubs +already, and what are yet behind we know not; but, for the most part we +find it true that has been talked of, of old, "A good man must suffer +trouble." + +CONTR. You talk of rubs; what rubs have you met withal? + +HON. Nay, ask Mr. Great-heart, our guide; for he can give the best +account of that. + +GREAT. We have been beset three or four times already. First, Christiana +and her children were beset by two ruffians, who, they feared, would +take away their lives. We were beset by Giant Bloody-man, Giant Maul, +and Giant Slay-good. Indeed, we did rather beset the last, than were +beset of him. And thus it was: After we had been some time at the house +of Gaius mine host, and of the whole Church, we were minded upon a time +to take our weapons with us, and go and see if we could light upon any +of those that were enemies to pilgrims; for we heard that there was a +notable one thereabouts. Now Gaius knew his haunt better than I, because +he dwelt thereabout. So we looked, and looked, till at last we saw the +mouth of his cave; then we were glad and plucked up our spirits. So we +approached up to his den; and, lo! when we came there, he had dragged, +by mere force, into his net, this poor man, Mr. Feeble-mind, and was +about to bring him to his end. But, when he saw us, supposing, as he +thought, he had had another prey, he left the poor man in his house, and +came out. So we fell to it full sore, and he lustily laid about him; +but, in conclusion, he was brought down to the ground, and his head cut +off, and set up by the wayside, for terror to such as should after +practice such ungodliness. That I tell you the truth, here is the man +himself to affirm it, who was as a lamb taken out of the mouth of the +lion. + +FEEBLE. Then said Mr. Feeble-mind, "I found this true, to my cost and +comfort: to my cost, when he threatened to pick my bones every moment; +and to my comfort, when I saw Mr. Great-heart and his friends with their +weapons approach so near for my deliverance." + +HOLY. Then said Mr. Holy-man, "There are two things that they have need +to possess who go on pilgrimage--courage and an unspotted life. If they +have not courage, they can never hold on their way; and if their lives +be loose, they will make the very name of the pilgrim stink." + +LOVE. Then said Mr. Love-saint, "I hope this caution is not needful +among you. But truly there are many that go upon the road, who rather +declare themselves strangers to pilgrimage than strangers and pilgrims +in the earth." + +DARE. Then said Mr. Dare-not-lie, "'Tis true. They have neither the +pilgrim's weed nor the pilgrim's courage: they go not uprightly, but all +awry with their feet; one shoe goeth inward, another outward, and their +hosen out behind; there is here a rag, and there a rent, to the +disparagement of their Lord." + +PEN. "These things," said Mr. Penitent, "they ought to be troubled for; +nor are the pilgrims like to have that grace upon them and their +pilgrim's progress as they desire, until the way is cleared of such +spots and blemishes." + +Thus they sat talking and spending the time until supper was set upon +the table, unto which they went, and refreshed their weary bodies; so +they went to rest. + +[Sidenote: GRACE AND SAMUEL] + +Now, they stayed in this fair a great while, at the house of Mnason, +who, in process of time, gave his daughter Grace unto Samuel, +Christiana's son, to wife; and his daughter Martha to Joseph. + +The time, as I said, that they stayed here was long; for it was not now +as in former times. Wherefore the pilgrims grew acquainted with many of +the good people of the town, and did them what service they could. +Mercy, as she was wont, labored much for the poor; wherefore their +bodies and backs blessed her, and she was there an ornament to her +profession. And to say the truth for Grace, Phoebe, and Martha, they +were all of a very good nature, and did much good in their places. They +were also all of them very fruitful; so that Christian's name, as was +said before, was like to live in the world. + +While they lay here, there came a monster out of the woods, and slew +many of the people of the town. It would also carry away their children, +and teach them to suck its whelps. Now, no man in the town durst so much +as face this monster, but all fled when they heard the noise of his +coming. + +The monster was like unto no one beast on the earth. Its body was like a +dragon, and it had seven heads and ten horns. It made great havoc of +children, and yet it was governed by a woman. This monster gave +conditions to men, and such men as loved their lives more than their +souls accepted of those conditions; so they came under. + +Now, this Mr. Great-heart, together with those that came to visit the +pilgrims at Mr. Mnason's house, entered into a covenant to go and engage +this beast, if perhaps they might deliver the people of this town from +the paws and mouth of this so devouring a serpent. + +Then did Mr. Great-heart, Mr. Contrite, Mr. Holy-man, Mr. Dare-not-lie, +and Mr. Penitent, with their weapons, go forth to meet him. Now, the +monster was at first very rampant, and looked upon these enemies with +great disdain; but they so belabored him, being sturdy men-at-arms, that +they made him make a retreat. So they came home to Mr. Mnason's house +again. + +[Sidenote: MARTHA AND JOSEPH] + +The monster, you must know, had his certain seasons to come out in, and +to make his attempts upon the children of the people of the town. Also, +these seasons did these valiant worthies watch him in, and did still +continually assault him; insomuch that in process of time he became not +only wounded, but lame. Also he has not made that havoc of the +townsmen's children as formerly he had done; and it is verily believed +by some that this beast will die of his wounds. + +This, therefore, made Mr. Great-heart and his fellows of great fame in +this town; so that many of the people that wanted their taste of things, +yet had a reverent esteem and respect for them. Upon this account, +therefore, it was that these pilgrims got not much hurt here. True, +there were some of the baser sort, that could see no more than a mole, +nor understand any more than a beast; these had no reverence for these +men, and took no notice of their valor or adventures. + +Well, the time grew on that the pilgrims must go on their way; wherefore +they prepared for their journey. They sent for their friends; they +talked with them; they had some time set apart, therein to commit each +other to the protection of their Prince. There were again that brought +them of such things as they had, that were fit for the weak and the +strong, for the women and the men, and so laded them with such things as +were necessary. Then they set forward on their way; and, their friends +accompanying them so far as was convenient, they again committed each +other to the protection of their King, and parted. + +They, therefore, that were of the pilgrims' company, went on, and Mr. +Great-heart went before them. Now, the women and children being weakly, +they were forced to go as they could bear; by which means, Mr. +Ready-to-halt and Mr. Feeble-mind had more to sympathize with their +condition. + +When they were gone from the townsmen, and when their friends had bid +them farewell, they quickly came to the place where Faithful was put to +death. There, therefore, they made a stand, and thanked Him that had +enabled him to bear his cross so well; and the rather, because they now +found that they had a benefit by such manly suffering as his was. + +They went on, therefore, after this a good way farther, talking of +Christian and Faithful, and how Helpful joined himself to Christian +after that Faithful was dead. + +Now they were come up with the Hill Lucre, where the silver mine was +which took Demas off from his pilgrimage, and into which, as some think, +By-ends fell and perished; wherefore they considered that. But, when +they were come to the old monument that stood over against the Hill +Lucre, to wit, the pillar of salt, that stood also within view of Sodom +and its stinking lake, they marvelled, as did Christian before, that men +of that knowledge and ripeness of wit as they were, should be so blind +as to turn aside here. + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +THE DELECTABLE MOUNTAINS AND THE SHEPHERDS. + + +I saw now that they went on till they came at the river that was on this +side of the Delectable Mountains; to the river where the fine trees grow +on both sides, and whose leaves, if taken inwardly, are good against +sickness; where the meadows are green all the year long, and where they +might lie down safely. + +By this river-side, in the meadow, there were cotes and folds for sheep, +a house built for the nourishing and bringing up of those lambs, the +babes of those women that go on pilgrimage. Also there was here One that +was entrusted with them, who could have pity, and that could gather +these lambs with His arm, and carry them in His bosom, and that could +gently lead those that were with young. + +Now, to the care of this Man Christiana admonished her four daughters to +commit their little ones, that by these waters they might be housed, +cared for, helped and nourished, and that none of them might be lacking +in time to come. This Man, if any of them go astray or be lost, He will +bring them again; He will also bind up that which was broken, and will +strengthen them that are sick. Here they will never want food and drink +and clothing; here they will be kept from thieves and robbers; for this +Man will die before one of those committed to His trust shall be lost. +Besides, here they shall be sure to have good nurture and training, and +shall be taught to walk in right paths; and that, you know, is a favor +of no small account. Also here, as you see, are delicate waters, +pleasant meadows, dainty flowers, variety of trees, and such as bear +wholesome fruit--fruit not like that that Matthew ate of, that fell over +the wall out of Beelzebub's garden; but fruit that giveth health where +there is none, and that continueth and increaseth it where it is. So +they were content to commit their little ones to Him; and that which was +also an encouragement to them so to do, was, for that all this was to be +at the charge of the King, and so was as an hospital for young children +and orphans. + +[Sidenote: DOUBTING CASTLE] + +Now they went on. And, when they were come to By-path Meadow, to the +stile over which Christian went with his fellow Hopeful, when they were +taken by Giant Despair and put into Doubting Castle, they sat down, and +consulted what was best to be done; to wit, now they were so strong, and +had got such a man as Mr. Great-heart for their conductor, whether they +had not best make an attempt upon the giant, demolish his castle, and if +there were any pilgrims in it, to set them at liberty, before they went +any farther. So one said one thing, and another said the contrary. One +questioned if it were lawful to go upon ground that was not the King's; +another said they might providing their end was good; but Mr. +Great-heart said, "Though that reason given last cannot be always true, +yet I have a commandment to resist sin, to overcome evil, to fight the +good fight of faith; and, I pray, with whom should I fight this good +fight, if not with Giant Despair? I will therefore attempt the taking +away of his life and the demolishing of Doubting Castle." Then said he, +"Who will go with me?" Then said old Honest, "I will." "And so will we, +too," said Christiana's four sons, Matthew, Samuel, Joseph, and James; +for they were young men and strong. So they left the women in the road, +and with them Mr. Feeble-mind and Mr. Ready-to-halt, with his crutches, +to be their guard until they came back; for, in that place, though Giant +Despair dwelt so near, they keeping in the road, "a little child might +lead them." + +So Mr. Great-heart, old Honest, and the four young men went to go up to +Doubting Castle, to look for Giant Despair. When they came at the castle +gate, they knocked for entrance with an unusual noise. At that, the old +giant comes to the gate, and Diffidence his wife follows. Then said he, +"Who and what is he that is so hardy as after this manner to disturb the +Giant Despair?" + +Mr. Great-heart replied, "It is I, Great-heart, one of the King of the +Celestial Country's conductors of pilgrims to their place; and I demand +of thee that thou open thy gates for my entrance; prepare thyself also +to fight, for I am come to take away thy head, and to demolish Doubting +Castle." + +[Sidenote: GIANT DESPAIR IS BEHEADED] + +Now, Giant Despair, because he was a giant, thought no man could +overcome him; and again thought he, "Since heretofore I have made a +conquest of angels, shall Great-heart make me afraid?" So he harnessed +himself with his armor, and went out. He had a cap of steel upon his +head, a breast-plate of fire girded to him, and he came out in iron +shoes, with a great club in his hand. Then these six men made up to him, +and beset him behind and before; also when Diffidence, the giantess, +came up to help him, old Mr. Honest cut her down at one blow. Then they +fought for their lives, and Giant Despair was brought down to the +ground, but was very loath to die. He struggled hard, and had, as they +say, as many lives as a cat; but Great-heart was his death, for he left +him not till he had severed his head from his shoulders. + +Then they fell to demolishing Doubting Castle, and that, you know, might +with ease be done, since Giant Despair was dead. They were seven days in +destroying of that; and in it of pilgrims, they found one Mr. +Despondency, almost starved to death, and one Much-afraid, his daughter: +these two they saved alive. But it would have made you wonder to have +seen the dead bodies that lay here and there in the castle-yard, and how +full of dead men's bones the dungeon was. + +When Mr. Great-heart and his companions had performed this great work +they took Mr. Despondency and his daughter Much-afraid into their care; +for they were honest people, though they were prisoners in Doubting +Castle to that tyrant Giant Despair. + +They therefore, I say, took with them the head of the giant (for his +body they had buried under a heap of stones), and down to the road and +to their companions they came, and showed them what they had done. Now, +when Feeble-mind and Ready-to-halt saw that it was the head of Giant +Despair indeed, they were very jocund and merry. Now, Christiana, if +need was, could play upon the viol, and her daughter Mercy upon the +lute; so, since they were so merry disposed, she played them a lesson, +and Ready-to-halt would dance. So he took Despondency's daughter +Much-afraid by the hand, and to dancing they went in the road. True, he +could not dance without one crutch in his hand; but I promise you he +footed it well; also the girl was to be commended, for she answered the +music handsomely. + +As for Mr. Despondency, the music was not so much to him; he was for +feeding rather than dancing, for that he was almost starved. So +Christiana gave him some of her bottle of spirits for present relief, +and then prepared him something to eat; and in a little time the old +gentleman came to himself, and began to be finely revived. + +Now, I saw in my dream, when all these things were finished, Mr. +Great-heart took the head of Giant Despair, and set it upon a pole by +the highway-side, right over against the pillar that Christian erected +for a caution to pilgrims that came after to take heed of entering into +his grounds. Then he writ under it, upon a marble stone, these verses +following: + + "This is the head of him whose name only + In former times did pilgrims terrify; + His castle's down, and Diffidence his wife + Brave Mr. Great-heart has bereft of life. + Despondency, his daughter Much-afraid, + Great-heart for them also the man has played. + Who hereof doubts, if he'll but cast his eye + Up hither, may his scruples satisfy. + This head also, when doubting cripples dance, + Doth show from fears they have deliverance." + +[Sidenote: THE DELECTABLE MOUNTAINS] + +When these men had thus bravely showed themselves against Doubting +Castle, and had slain Giant Despair, they went forward, and went on till +they came to the Delectable Mountains, where Christian and Hopeful +refreshed themselves with the varieties of the place. They also +acquainted themselves with the shepherds there, who welcomed them, as +they had done Christian before, unto the Delectable Mountains. + +Now, the shepherds seeing so great a train follow Mr. Great-heart (for +with him they were well acquainted), they said unto him, "Good sir, you +have got a goodly company here; pray, where did you find all these?" + +Then Mr. Great-heart replied: + + "First, here is Christiana and her train, + Her sons, and her sons' wives, who, like the wain, + Keep by the pole, and do by compass steer + From sin to grace; else they had not been here. + Next, here's old Honest come on pilgrimage, + Ready-to-halt too, who I dare engage + True-hearted is, and so is Feeble-mind, + Who willing was not to be left behind. + Despondency, good man, is coming after + And so also is Much-afraid his daughter. + May we have entertainment here, or must + We farther go? Let's know whereon to trust." + +[Sidenote: THE SHEPHERDS ENTERTAIN] + +Then said the shepherds, "This is a comfortable company. You are welcome +to us, for we have care for the feeble, as well as for the strong. Our +Prince has an eye to what is done, to the least of these; therefore +weakness must not be a block to our entertainment." So they had them to +the palace door, and then said unto them, "Come in, Mr. Feeble-mind; +come in, Mr. Ready-to-halt; come in, Mr. Despondency and Mrs. +Much-afraid, his daughter. These, Mr. Great-heart," said the shepherds +to the guide, "we call in by name, for that they are most subject to +draw back; but as for you and the rest that are strong, we leave you to +your wonted liberty." + +Then said Mr. Great-heart, "This day I see that grace doth shine in your +faces, and that you are my Lord's shepherds indeed; for that you have +not pushed these helpless ones neither with side nor shoulder, but have +rather strewed their way into the palace with flowers, as you should." + +So the feeble and weak went in, and Mr. Great-heart and the rest did +follow. When they were also sat down, the shepherds said to those of the +weaker sort, "What is it that you would have? for," said they, "all +things must be managed here for the supporting of the weak, as well as +the warning of the unruly." So they made them a feast of things easy of +digestion, and that were pleasant to the palate, and nourishing; the +which when they had received, they went to their rest, each one +separately unto his proper place. + +When morning was come, because the mountains were nigh and the day +clear, and because it was the custom of the shepherds to show the +pilgrims before their departure some rarities; therefore, after they +were ready and had refreshed themselves, the shepherds took them out +into the fields, and showed them first what they had showed to Christian +before. + +Then they had them to some new places. The first was to Mount Marvel, +where they looked, and beheld a man at a distance that tumbled the hills +about with words. Then they asked the shepherds what that should mean. +So they told them that that man was the son of Mr. Great-grace of whom +you read in the first part of the records of the Pilgrim's Progress; and +he is set down there to teach the pilgrims how to believe, or to tumble +out of their ways what difficulties they should meet with, by faith. +Then said Mr. Great-heart, "I know him; he is a man above many." + +Then they had them to another place, called Mount Innocent; and there +they saw a man clothed all in white, and two men, Prejudice and +Ill-will, continually casting dirt upon them. Now, behold, the dirt, +whatsoever they cast at him, would in a little time fall off again, and +his garment would look as clear as if no dirt had been cast thereat. +Then said the pilgrims, "What means this?" + +The shepherds answered, "This man is named Godly-man, and this garment +is to show the innocency of his life. Now, those that throw dirt at him +are such as hate his well-doing; but, as you see, the dirt will not +stick upon his clothes: so it shall be with him that liveth truly +innocently in the world. Whoever they be that would make such men dirty, +they labor all in vain; for God, by that a little time is spent, will +cause that their innocence shall break forth as the light, and their +righteousness as the noon-day." + +Then they took them, and had them to Mount Charity, where they showed +them a man that had a bundle of cloth lying before him, out of which he +cut coats and garments for the poor that stood about him; yet his bundle +or roll of cloth was never the less. + +Then said they, "What should this be?" + +"This is," said the shepherds, "to show you that he who has a heart to +give of his labor to the poor, shall never want wherewithal. He that +watereth shall be watered himself. And the cake that the widow gave to +the prophet did not cause that she had ever the less in her barrel." + +They had them also to a place where they saw one Fool, and one Want-wit, +washing of an Ethiopian, with intention to make him white; but the more +they washed him the blacker he was. Then they asked the shepherds what +that should mean. So they told them, saying, "Thus shall it be with the +vile person: all means used to get such an one a good name, shall, in +the end tend but to make him more abominable. Thus it was with the +Pharisees, and so shall it be with all pretenders to religion." + +Then said Mercy, the wife of Matthew, to Christiana her mother, "Mother, +I would, if it might be, see the hole in the hill, or that commonly +called the By-way to Hell." So her mother brake her mind to the +shepherds. Then they went to the door: it was in the side of a hill; and +they opened it, and bid Mercy hearken awhile. So she hearkened, and +heard one saying, "Cursed be my father for holding of my feet back from +the way of peace and life." And another said, "Oh that I had been torn +in pieces before I had, to save my life, lost my soul!" And another +said, "If I were to live again, how would I deny myself rather than come +to this place!" Then there was as if the very earth groaned and quaked +under the feet of this young woman for fear; so she looked white, and +came trembling away, saying, "Blessed be he and she that are delivered +from this place." + +[Sidenote: THE GREAT GLASS] + +Now, when the shepherds had shown them all these things, then they had +them back to the palace, and entertained them with what the house would +afford. But Mercy longed for something that she saw there, but was +ashamed to ask. Her mother-in-law then asked her what she ailed, for she +looked as one not well. Then said Mercy, "There is a looking-glass hangs +up in the dining-room, off of which I cannot take my mind; if, +therefore, I have it not, I think I shall be unhappy." Then said her +mother, "I will mention thy wants to the shepherds, and they will not +deny it thee." But she said, "I am ashamed that these men should know +that I longed." "Nay, my daughter," said she, "it is no shame, but a +virtue, to long for such a thing as that." So Mercy said, "Then, mother, +if you please, ask the shepherds if they are willing to sell it." + +Now, the glass was one of a thousand. It would present a man, one way, +with his own features exactly; and, turn it but another way, and it +would show one the very face and likeness of the Prince of pilgrims +Himself. Yea, I have talked with them that can tell, and they have said +that they have seen the very crown of thorns upon His head, by looking +in that glass; they have therein also seen the holes in His hands, in +His feet, and in His side. Yea, such an excellency is there in this +glass, that it will show Him to one where they have a mind to see Him, +whether living or dead, whether in earth or in heaven, whether in a +state of lowliness or in His kingliness, whether coming to suffer or +coming to reign. + +Christiana, therefore went to the shepherds apart--(now, the names of +the shepherds were Knowledge, Experience, Watchful, and Sincere),--and +said unto them, "There is one of my daughters, that I think doth long +for something that she hath seen in this house, and she thinks that she +shall be unhappy if she should by you be denied." + +EXPERIENCE. Call her, call her; she shall assuredly have what we can +help her to. So they called her, and said to her, "Mercy, what is that +thing thou wouldst have?" Then she blushed, and said, "The great glass +that hangs up in the dining-room." So Sincere ran and fetched it; and +with a joyful consent it was given her. Then she bowed her head, and +gave thanks, and said, "By this I know that I have obtained favor in +your eyes." + +They also gave to the other young women such things as they desired, and +to their husbands great praise for that they joined with Great-heart to +the slaying of Giant Despair and the destroying of Doubting Castle. + +About Christiana's neck the shepherds put a necklace, and so they did +about the necks of her four daughters; also they put ear-rings in their +ears, and jewels on their foreheads. + +[Illustration: Turn-away Resisting Evangelist. + Page 357] + +[Sidenote: THEY LEAVE THE SHEPHERDS] + +When they were minded to go hence, they let them go in peace, but gave +not to them those certain cautions which before were given to Christian +and his companion. The reason was, for that these had Great-heart to be +their guide, who was one that was well acquainted with things, and so +could give them their cautions more seasonably; that is, even then when +the danger was nigh the approaching. What cautions Christian and his +companion had received of the shepherds, they had also lost by that the +time was come that they had need to put them in practice. Wherefore, +here was the advantage that this company had over the other. + +From hence they went on singing, and they said: + + "Behold, how fitly are the stages set, + For their relief that pilgrims are become, + And how they us receive without one let[11] + That make the other life our mark and home! + + "What novelties they have, to us they give, + That we, though pilgrims, joyful lives may live; + They do upon us, too, such things bestow, + That show we pilgrims are, where'er we go." + + [11] The word "let" here means "hindrance." + +When they were gone from the shepherds, they quickly came to the place +where Christian met with one Turn-away, that dwelt in the town of +Apostasy. Wherefore of him Mr. Great-heart, their guide, did now put +them in mind, saying, "This is the place where Christian met with one +Turn-away, who carried with him the character of his rebellion at his +back. And this I have to say concerning this man: he would hearken to no +counsel, but, once falling, persuasion could not stop him. When he came +to the place where the Cross and the sepulchre were, he did meet with +one that bid him look there; but he gnashed with his teeth, and stamped, +and said he was resolved to go back to his own town. Before he came to +the gate, he met with Evangelist, who offered to lay hands on him, to +turn him into the way again. But this Turn-away resisted him; and having +done much harm unto him, he got away over the wall, and so escaped his +hand." + +[Sidenote: MEET VALIANT FOR TRUTH] + +Then they went on; and just at the place where Little-Faith formerly was +robbed, there stood a man with his sword drawn, and his face all bloody. +Then said Mr. Great-heart, "Who art thou?" The man made answer, saying, +"I am one whose name is Valiant-for-truth. I am a pilgrim, and am going +to the Celestial City. Now, as I was in my way, there were three men did +beset me, and propounded unto me these three things: 1. Whether I would +become one of them? 2. Or go back to the place from whence I came? 3. Or +die upon the place? To the first I answered, I had been a true man a +long season, and therefore it could not be expected that I should now +cast in my lot with thieves. Then they demanded what I should say to the +second. So I told them that the place from whence I came, had I not +found it unsatisfactory I had not forsaken at all; but, finding it +altogether unsuitable to me, and very unprofitable for me, I forsook it +for this way. Then they asked me what I said to the third. And I told +them my life cost more dear far than that I should lightly give it away. +Besides you have nothing to do thus to put things to my choice, +wherefore at your peril be it if you meddle. Then these three, to wit, +Wild-head, Inconsiderate, and Pragmatic, drew their weapons upon me, and +I also drew upon them. So we fell to it, one against three, for the +space of above three hours. They have left upon me, as you see, some of +the marks of their valor, and have also carried away with them some of +mine. They are but just now gone: I suppose they might, as the saying +is, hear your horse dash, and so they betook them to flight." + +GREAT. But here was great odds, three against one. + +[Sidenote: HOW VALIANT BORE HIMSELF] + +VALIANT. 'Tis true; but little or more are nothing to him that has the +truth on his side. "Though an host should encamp against me," said one, +"my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in this +will I be confident. Besides," said he, "I have read in some records +that one man has fought an army; and how many did Samson slay with the +jaw-bone of an ass?" + +GREAT. Then said the guide, "Why did you not cry out, that some might +have come in for your succor?" + +VALIANT. So I did, to my King, who, I knew, could hear me, and afford +invisible help; and that was sufficient for me. + +GREAT. Then said Great-heart to Mr. Valiant-for-truth, "Thou hast +worthily behaved thyself. Let me see thy sword." So he showed it him. +When he had taken it in his hand, and looked thereon a while, he said, +"Ha! it is a right Jerusalem blade." + +VALIANT. It is so. Let a man have one of these blades, with a hand to +wield it and skill to use it, and he may venture upon an angel with it. +He need not fear its holding, if he can but tell how to lay on. Its +edges will never blunt. It will cut flesh and bones, and soul and +spirit, and all. + +GREAT. But you fought a great while. I wonder you were not weary. + +VALIANT. I fought till my sword did cleave to my hand; and when they +were joined together, as if a sword grew out of my arm, and when the +blood ran through my fingers, then I fought with most courage. + +GREAT. Thou hast done well; thou hast resisted unto blood, striving +against sin. Thou shalt abide by us, come in and go out with us, for we +are thy companions. + +Then they took him, washed his wounds, and gave him of what they had, to +refresh him; and so they went on together. + +Now, as they went on, because Mr. Great-heart was delighted in him (for +he loved one greatly that he found to be a man of his own sort), and +because there were in company them that were feeble and weak, therefore +he questioned with him about many things; as, first, what countryman he +was. + +VALIANT. I am of Dark-land; for there I was born, and there my father +and mother are still. + +GREAT. "Dark-land!" said the guide; "doth not that lie upon the same +coast with the City of Destruction?" + +VALIANT. Yes, it doth. Now, that which caused me to come on pilgrimage +was this. We had one Mr. Tell-true come into our parts, and he told it +about what Christian had done, that went from the City of Destruction; +namely, how he had forsaken his wife and children, and had betaken +himself to a pilgrim's life. It was also reported, and believed, how he +had killed a serpent that did come out to resist him in his journey; and +how he got through to whither he intended. It was also told what welcome +he had at all his Lord's lodgings, specially when he came to the gates +of the Celestial City; "For there," said the man, "he was received with +sound of trumpet by a company of Shining Ones." He told also how all the +bells in the City did ring for joy at his entering in, and what golden +garments he was clothed with; with many other things that now I shall +forbear to relate. In a word, that man so told the story of Christian +and his travels, that my heart fell into a burning haste to be gone +after him; nor could father or mother stay me. So I got from them, and +am come thus far on my way. + +GREAT. You came in at the gate, did you not? + +VALIANT. Yes, yes; for the same man also told us, that all would be +nothing if we did not begin to enter this way at the gate. + +GREAT. "Look you," said the guide to Christiana, "the pilgrimage of your +husband, with what he has gotten thereby, is spread abroad far and +near." + +VALIANT. Why, is this Christian's wife? + +GREAT. Yes, that it is, and these also are his four sons. + +VALIANT. What! and going on pilgrimage too? + +GREAT. Yes, verily, they are following after. + +VALIANT. It glads me at heart. Good man, how joyful will he be when he +shall see them that would not go with him, yet to enter after him in at +the gates into the City! + +GREAT. Without doubt it will be a comfort to him; for, next to the joy +of seeing himself there, it will be a joy to meet there his wife and +children. + +VALIANT. But, now you are upon that, pray let me hear your opinion about +it. Some make a question whether we shall know one another when we are +there. + +[Sidenote: VALIANT'S OBSTACLES] + +GREAT. Do they think they shall know themselves, then? or that they +shall rejoice to see themselves in that happiness? And if they think +they shall know and do this, why not know others, and rejoice in their +welfare also? Again, since relations are our second self, though that +state will cease there, yet why may it not be wisely concluded that we +shall be more glad to see them there than to see they are wanting? + +VALIANT. Well, I perceive whereabouts you are as to this. Have you any +more things to ask me about my beginning to come on pilgrimage? + +GREAT. Yes. Were your father and mother willing that you should become a +pilgrim? + +VALIANT. Oh, no; they used all means imaginable to persuade me to stay +at home. + +GREAT. Why, what could they say against it? + +VALIANT. They said it was an idle life; and, if I myself were not +inclined to sloth and laziness, I would never favor a pilgrim's +condition. + +GREAT. And what did they say else? + +VALIANT. Why, they told me that it was a dangerous way: "Yea, the most +dangerous way in the world," said they, "is that which the pilgrims go." + +GREAT. Did they show you wherein this way is so dangerous? + +VALIANT. Yes; and that in many particulars. + +GREAT. Name some of them. + +[Sidenote: VALIANT'S DISCOURAGEMENTS] + +VALIANT. They told me of the Slough of Despond, where Christian was +well-nigh smothered. They told me that there were archers standing ready +in Beelzebub's castle to shoot them who should knock at the wicket-gate +for entrance. They told me also of the wood and dark mountains of the +Hill Difficulty; of the lions; and also of the three giants, Bloody-man, +Maul, and Slay-good. They said moreover that there was a foul fiend +haunted the Valley of Humiliation, and that Christian was by him almost +bereft of life. "Besides," said they, "you must go over the Valley of +the Shadow of Death, where the hobgoblins are, where the light is +darkness, where the way is full of snares, pits, traps, and gins." They +told me also of Giant Despair, of Doubting Castle, and of the ruin that +the pilgrims met with there. Further, they said I must go over the +Enchanted Ground, which was dangerous; and that, after all this, I +should find a river, over which I should find no bridge, and that that +river did lie betwixt me and the Celestial Country. + +GREAT. And was this all? + +VALIANT. No. They also told me that this way was full of deceivers, and +of persons that laid wait there to turn good men out of the path. + +GREAT. But how did they make that out? + +VALIANT. They told me that Mr. Worldly Wiseman did there lie in wait to +deceive. They also said that there were Formality and Hypocrisy +continually on the road. They said also that By-ends, Talkative, or +Demas would go near to gather me up; that the Flatterer would catch me +in his net; or that, with green-headed Ignorance, I would presume to go +on to the gate, from whence he was sent back to the hole that was in the +side of the hill, and made to go the by-way to hell. + +GREAT. I promise you, this was enough to discourage you; but did they +make an end here? + +VALIANT. No stay. They told me also of many that had tried that way of +old, and that had gone a great way therein, to see if they could find +something of the glory there that so many had so much talked of from +time to time; and how they came back again, and befooled themselves for +setting a foot out of doors in that path, to the satisfaction of all the +country. And they named several that did so, as Obstinate and Pliable, +Mistrust and Timorous, Turn-away and old Atheist; with several more, +who, they said, had some of them gone far to see what they could find, +but not one of them found so much advantage by going as amounted to the +weight of a feather. + +GREAT. Said they anything more to discourage you? + +VALIANT. Yes; they told me of one Mr. Fearing, who was a pilgrim, and +how he found this way so solitary, that he never had a comfortable hour +therein; also that Mr. Despondency had like to have been starved +therein; yea, and also (which I had almost forgot) that Christian +himself, about whom there had been such a noise, after all his ventures +for a celestial crown, was certainly drowned in the Black River, and +never went a foot farther, however it was smothered up. + +GREAT. And did none of these things discourage you? + +VALIANT. No; they seemed but as so many nothings to me. + +GREAT. How came that about? + +VALIANT. Why, I still believed what Mr. Tell-true had said; and that +carried me beyond them all. + +GREAT. Then this was your victory, even your faith. + +VALIANT. It was so. I believed, and therefore came out, got into the +way, fought all that set themselves against me, and, by believing, am +come to this place. + + "Who would true valor see, + Let him come hither; + One here will constant be, + Come wind, come weather; + There's no discouragement + Shall make him once relent + His first avowed intent + To be a pilgrim. + + "Whoso beset him round + With dismal stories, + Do but themselves confound-- + His strength the more is. + No lion can him fright; + He'll with a giant fight, + But he will have a right + To be a pilgrim. + + "Hobgoblin nor foul fiend + Can daunt his spirit; + He knows he at the end + Shall life inherit. + Then, fancies fly away, + He'll fear not what men say; + He'll labor night and day + To be a pilgrim." + + + + +CHAPTER IX. + +THE ENCHANTED GROUND. + + +By this time they were got to the Enchanted Ground, where the air +naturally tended to make one drowsy. And that place was all grown over +with briers and thorns, excepting here and there, where was an enchanted +arbor, upon which if a man sits, or in which if a man sleeps, it is a +question, say some, whether ever he shall rise or wake again in this +world. Over this forest, therefore, they went, both one and another; and +Mr. Great-heart went before, for that he was the guide, and Mr. +Valiant-for-truth came behind, being rear-guard, for fear lest +peradventure some fiend, or dragon, or giant, or thief, should fall upon +their rear, and so do mischief. They went on here, each man with his +sword drawn in his hand, for they knew it was a dangerous place. Also +they cheered up one another as well as they could. Feeble-mind, Mr. +Great-heart commanded, should come up after him; and Mr. Despondency was +under the eye of Mr. Valiant. + +Now, they had not gone far, but a great mist and darkness fell upon them +all, so that they could scarce, for a great while, see the one the +other; wherefore they were forced, for some time, to feel for one +another by words; for they walked not by sight. But any one must think +that here was but sorry going for the best of them all; but how much +worse for the women and children, who both of feet and heart were but +tender! Yet so it was, that through the encouraging words of him that +led in the front, they made a pretty good shift to wag along. + +The way also was here very wearisome through dirt and slabbiness. Nor +was there on all this ground so much as one inn or victualling-house, +therein to refresh the feebler sort. Here, therefore, was grunting, and +puffing and sighing. While one tumbleth over a brush, another sticks +fast in the dirt; and the children, some of them, lost their shoes in +the mire. While one cries out, "I am down!" and another, "Ho! where are +you?" and a third, "The bushes have got such fast hold on me, I think I +cannot get away from them." + +Then they came at an arbor, warm, and promising much refreshing to the +pilgrims; for it was finely wrought above head, beautified with greens, +furnished with benches and settles. It also had in it a soft couch, +whereon the weary might lean. This, you must think, all things +considered, was tempting; for the pilgrims already began to be foiled +with the badness of the way; but there was not one of them that made so +much as a motion to stop there. Yea, for aught I could perceive, they +continually gave so good heed to the advice of their guide, and he did +so faithfully tell them of dangers, and of the nature of dangers when +they were at them, that usually, when they were nearest to them, they +did most pluck up their spirits, and hearten one another to deny the +flesh. This arbor was called "The Slothful's Friend," on purpose to +allure, if it might be, some of the pilgrims there to take up their rest +when weary. + +I saw then in my dream, that they went on in this their solitary ground, +till they came to a place at which a man is apt to lose his way. Now, +though when it was light their guide could well enough tell how to miss +those ways that led wrong, yet, in the dark, he was put to a stand. But +he had in his pocket a map of all ways leading to or from the Celestial +City; wherefore he struck a light (for he also never goes without his +tinder-box), and takes a view of his book or map, which bids him be +careful in that place to turn to the right-hand way. And had he not here +been careful to look in his map, they had, in all probability been +smothered in the mud; for, just a little before them, and that at the +end of the cleanest way too, was a pit, none knows how deep, full of +nothing but mud, there made on purpose to destroy the pilgrims in. + +Then thought I with myself, "Who that goeth on pilgrimage but would have +one of those maps about him, that he may look, when he is at a stand, +which is the way he must take?" + +They went on then in this Enchanted Ground till they came to where was +another arbor, and it was built by the highway-side. And in that arbor +there lay two men, whose names were Heedless and Too-bold. These two +went thus far on pilgrimage; but here, being wearied with their journey, +they sat down to rest themselves, and so fell fast asleep. When the +pilgrims saw them, they stood still, and shook their heads; for they +knew that the sleepers were in a pitiful case. Then they consulted what +to do,--whether to go on, and leave them in their sleep, or to step to +them, and try to awake them. So they concluded to go to them and wake +them; that is, if they could; but with this caution, namely, to take +heed that themselves did not sit down nor embrace the offered benefit of +that arbor. + +So they went in and spake to the men, and called each one by his name +(for the guide, it seems, did know them); but there was no voice or +answer. Then the guide did shake them, and do what he could to disturb +them. Then said one of them, "I will pay you when I take my money." At +which the guide shook his head. "I will fight so long as I can hold my +sword in my hand," said the other. At that, one of the children laughed. + +[Sidenote: THE LAND OF BEULAH] + +Then said Christiana, "What is the meaning of this?" The guide said, +"They talk in their sleep. If you strike them, beat them, or whatever +else you do to them, they will answer you after this fashion; or, as one +of them said in old time, when the waves of the sea did beat upon him, +and he slept as one upon the mast of a ship, 'When shall I awake? I will +seek it yet again.' You know, when men talk in their sleep, they say +anything, but their words are not governed either by faith or reason. +There is an unsuitableness in their words now, as there was before +betwixt their going on pilgrimage and sitting down there. This, then, is +the mischief of it: when heedless ones go on pilgrimage, 'tis twenty to +one but they are served thus. For this Enchanted Ground is one of the +last refuges that the enemy to pilgrims has; wherefore, it is, as you +see, placed almost at the end of the way, and so it standeth against us +with the more advantage. For when, thinks the enemy, will these fools be +so desirous to sit down as when they are weary? and when so like to be +weary as when almost at their journey's end? Therefore it is, I say, +that the Enchanted Ground is placed so near to the Land of Beulah, and +so near the end of their race. Wherefore, let pilgrims look to +themselves, lest it happen to them as it has done to these, that, as you +see, are fallen asleep, and none can wake them." + +Then the pilgrims desired, with trembling, to go forward; only they +prayed their guide to strike a light, that they might go the rest of +their way by the help of the light of a lantern. So he struck a light, +and they went by the help of that through the rest of this way, though +the darkness was very great. But the children began to be sorely weary; +and they cried out to Him that loveth pilgrims to make their way more +comfortable. So, by that they had gone a little farther, a wind arose +that drove away the fog; so the air became more clear. Yet they were +not off, by much, of the Enchanted Ground; only now they could see one +another better, and the way wherein they should walk. + +Now, when they were almost at the end of this ground, they perceived +that a little before them was a solemn noise, as of one that was much +concerned. So they went on, and looked before them; and behold, they +saw, as they thought, a man upon his knees, with hands and eyes lift up, +and speaking, as they thought, earnestly to One that was above. They +drew nigh, but could not tell what he said; so they went softly till he +had done. When he had done, he got up, and began to run towards the +Celestial City. + +Then Mr. Great-heart called after him, saying, "So-ho, friend! let us +have your company, if you go, as I suppose you do, to the Celestial +City." + +So the man stopped, and they came up to him. But, as soon as Mr. Honest +saw him, he said, "I know this man." + +Then said Mr. Valiant-for-truth, "Prithee, who is it?" + +"It is one," said he, "that comes from whereabout I dwelt. His name is +Stand-fast; he is certainly a right good pilgrim." + +So they came up one to another. And presently Stand-fast said to old +Honest, "Ho, father Honest, are you there?" + +"Ay," said he, "that I am, as sure as you are there." + +[Sidenote: HEEDLESS AND TOO-BOLD] + +"Right glad am I," said Mr. Stand-fast, "that I have found you on this +road." + +"And as glad am I," said the other, "that I espied you upon your knees." + +Then Mr. Stand-fast blushed, and said, "But why? did you see me?" + +"Yes, that I did," quoth the other, "and with my heart was glad at the +sight." + +"Why, what did you think?" said Stand-fast. + +"Think!" said old Honest; "what should I think? I thought we had an +honest man upon the road, and therefore should have his company +by-and-by." + +"If you thought not amiss," said Stand-fast, "how happy am I! But, if I +be not as I should, I alone must bear it." + +"That is true," said the other; "but your fear doth further show me that +things are right betwixt the Prince of pilgrims and your soul; for He +saith, 'Blessed is the man that feareth always.'" + +VALIANT. Well, but, brother, I pray thee, tell us what was it that was +the cause of thy being upon thy knees even now: was it for that some +special mercy laid upon thee, the need of prayer, or how? + +STAND. Why, we are, as you see, upon the Enchanted Ground; and as I was +coming along, I was musing with myself of what a dangerous road the road +in this place was, and how many that had come even thus far on +pilgrimage, had here been stopped and been destroyed. I thought also of +the manner of the death with which this place destroyeth men. Those that +die here die of no violent, painful disease: the death which such die is +not grievous to them. For he that goeth away in such a sleep, begins +that journey with desire and pleasure. Yea, such sink into the will of +that disease. + +HON. Then Mr. Honest, interrupting of him, said, "Did you see the two +men asleep in the arbor?" + +[Sidenote: STAND-FAST REPULSES MADAM] + +STAND. Ay, ay, I saw Heedless and Too-bold there; and, for aught I know, +there they will lie till they rot. But let me go on in my tale. As I was +thus musing, as I said, there was one in very pleasant attire, but old, +who presented herself to me, and offered me three things; to wit, her +body, her purse, and her bed. Now, the truth is, I was both aweary and +sleepy; I am also as poor as an owlet, and that, perhaps, the witch +knew. Well, I repulsed her once or twice; but she put by my repulses, +and smiled. Then I began to be angry; but she mattered that nothing at +all. Then she made offers again, and said, if I would be ruled by her, +she would make me great and happy. "For," said she, "I am the mistress +of the world, and men are made happy by me." Then I asked her name, and +she told me it was Madam Bubble. This set me farther from her; but she +still followed me with enticements. Then I betook me, as you saw, to my +knees; and, with hands lift up, and cries, I prayed to Him that had said +He would help. So, just as you came up, the gentlewoman went her way. +Then I continued to give thanks for this my great deliverance; for I +verily believe she intended no good, but rather sought to make stop of +me in my journey. + +HON. Without doubt her designs were bad. But stay: now you talk of her, +methinks I either have seen her, or have read some story of her. + +STAND. Perhaps you have done both. + +HON. Madam Bubble? Is she not a tall, comely dame, somewhat of a swarthy +complexion? + +STAND. Right, you hit it: she is just such a one. + +HON. Does she not speak very smoothly, and give you a smile at the end +of a sentence? + +STAND. You fall right upon it again, for these are her very actions. + +HON. Doth she not wear a great purse by her side, and is not her hand +often in it, fingering her money, as if that was her heart's delight? + +STAND. 'Tis just so. Had she stood by all this while, you could not more +amply have set her forth before me, nor have better described her +features. + +HON. Then he that drew her picture was a good artist, and he that wrote +of her said true. + +[Sidenote: MADAM BUBBLE'S INFLUENCE] + +GREAT. This woman is a witch, and it is by virtue of her witchcraft that +this ground is enchanted. Whoever doth lay his head down in her lap, had +as good lay it down upon that block over which the axe doth hang; and +whoever lay their eyes upon her beauty, are accounted the enemies of +God. This is she that maintaineth in their splendor all those that are +the enemies of pilgrims. Yea, this is she that hath bought off many a +man from a pilgrim's life. She is a great gossiper: she is always, both +she and her daughters, at one pilgrim's heels or other; now commanding, +and then preferring the excellences of this life. She is a bold and +impudent creature; she will talk with any man. She always laugheth poor +pilgrims to scorn, but highly commends the rich. If there be one cunning +to get money in a place, she will speak well of him from house to house. +She loveth banqueting and feasting mainly well; she is always at one +full table or another. She has given it out in some places that she is a +goddess, and therefore some do worship her. She has her times and open +places of cheating; and she will say and avow it, that none can show a +good comparable to hers. She promiseth to dwell with children's +children, if they will but love her and make much of her. She will cast +out of her purse gold like dust, in some places and to some persons. She +loves to be sought after, spoken well of, and to lie in the bosoms of +men. She is never weary of praising her gifts and she loves them most +that think best of her. She will promise, to some, crowns and kingdoms, +if they will but take her advice; yet many hath she brought to the +halter, and ten thousand times more to hell. + +STAND. "Oh," said Mr. Stand-fast, "what a mercy it is that I did resist +her! for whither might she have drawn me?" + +GREAT. Whither! nay, none but God knows whither; but in general, to be +sure, she would have drawn thee into many foolish and hurtful lusts, +which drown men in destruction and ruin. 'Twas she that set Absalom +against his father, and Jeroboam against his master. 'Twas she that +persuaded Judas to sell his Lord, and that prevailed with Demas to +forsake the godly pilgrim's life. None can tell of the mischief that she +doth. She makes variance betwixt rulers and subjects, betwixt parents +and children, betwixt neighbor and neighbor, betwixt a man and his wife, +betwixt a man and himself, betwixt the flesh and the heart. Wherefore, +good Master Stand-fast, be as your name is, and when you have done all, +stand. + +At this course there was among the pilgrims a mixture of joy and +trembling; but at length they brake out, and sang: + + "What danger is the pilgrim in! + How many are his foes! + How many ways there are to sin + No living mortal knows. + + "Some of the ditch shy are, yet can + Lie tumbling in the mire; + Some, though they shun the frying-pan, + Do leap into the fire." + + + + +CHAPTER X. + +THE PILGRIMS AT HOME. + + +After this, I beheld until they were come unto the Land of Beulah, where +the sun shineth night and day. Here, because they were weary, they +betook themselves awhile to rest. And because this country was common +for pilgrims, and because the orchards and vineyards that were here +belong to the King of the Celestial Country, therefore they were +permitted to make bold with any of His things. But a little while soon +refreshed them here; for the bells did so ring, and the trumpets +continually sound so melodiously, that they could not sleep and yet they +received as much refreshing as if they had slept their sleep never so +soundly. Here also the noise of them that walked in the streets was, +"More pilgrims are come to town!" And another would answer, saying, "And +so many went over the water, and were let in at the golden gates, +to-day!" They would cry again, "There is now a legion of Shining Ones +just come to town, by which we know that there are more pilgrims upon +the road; for here they come to wait for them, and comfort them after +all their sorrow!" Then the pilgrims got up, and walked to and fro. But +how were their ears now filled with heavenly voices, and their eyes +delighted with celestial visions! In this land they heard nothing, saw +nothing, felt nothing, smelt nothing, tasted nothing, that was offensive +to their stomach or mind; only when they tasted of the water of the +river over which they were to go, they thought that it tasted a little +bitterish to the palate, but it proved sweeter when it was down. + +In this place there was a record kept of the names of them that had been +pilgrims of old, and a history of all the famous acts that they had +done. It was here also much spoken of, how the river to some had had its +flowings, and what ebbings it had had while others have gone over. It +has been in a manner dry for some, while it has overflowed its banks for +others. + +In this place, the children of the town would go into the King's +gardens, and gather nosegays for the pilgrims, and bring them to them +with much affection. Here also grew camphire, with spikenard, and +saffron, calamus, and cinnamon, with all the trees of frankincense, +myrrh, and aloes, with all chief spices. With these the pilgrims' +chambers were perfumed while they stayed here; and with these were their +bodies anointed, to prepare them to go over the river, when the time +appointed was come. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIANA RECEIVES MESSAGE] + +Now, while they lay here, and waited for the good hour, there was a +noise in the town that there was a messenger come from the Celestial +City with matter of great importance to one Christiana, the wife of +Christian the pilgrim. So inquiry was made for her, and the house was +found out where she was. So the messenger presented her with a letter; +the contents whereof were, "Hail, good woman! I bring thee tidings that +the Master calleth for thee, and expecteth that thou shouldest stand in +His presence, in clothes of everlasting life, within these ten days." + +When he had read this letter to her, he gave her therewith a sure token +that he was a true messenger, and was come to bid her make haste to be +gone. The token was an arrow, with a point sharpened with love, let +easily into her heart, which by degrees wrought so effectually with her, +that at the time appointed she must be gone. + +When Christiana saw that her time was come, and that she was the first +of this company that was to go over, she called for Mr. Great-heart, her +guide, and told him how matters were. So he told her he was heartily +glad of the news, and could have been glad had the post come for him. +Then she bid that he should give advice how all things should be +prepared for her journey. So he told her, saying, "Thus and thus it must +be; and we that are left will accompany you to the river-side." + +Then she called for her children, and gave them her blessing, and told +them that she yet read with comfort the mark that was set in their +foreheads, and was glad to see them with her there, and that they had +kept their garments so white. Lastly, she gave to the poor that little +she had, and commanded her sons and her daughters to be ready against +the messenger should come for them. + +When she had spoken these words to her guide and to her children, she +called for Mr. Valiant-for-truth, and said unto him, "Sir, you have in +all places shown yourself true-hearted. Be faithful unto death, and my +King will give you a crown of life. I would also entreat you to have an +eye to my children; and if at any time you see them faint, speak +comfortably to them. For my daughters, my sons' wives, they have been +faithful; and a fulfilling of the promise upon them will be their end." +But she gave Mr. Stand-fast a ring. + +Then she called for old Mr. Honest, and said of him, "Behold an +Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile." + +Then said he, "I wish you a fair day when you set out for Mount Zion, +and shall be glad to see that you go over the river dry shod." + +But she answered, "Come wet, come dry, I long to be gone; for, however +the weather is in my journey, I shall have time enough when I come there +to sit down and rest me and dry me." + +Then came in that good man, Mr. Ready-to-halt, to see her. So she said +to him, "Thy travel hitherto has been with difficulty; but that will +make thy rest the sweeter. But watch and be ready; for, at an hour when +you think not, the messenger may come." + +After him came in Mr. Despondency and his daughter Much-afraid; to whom +she said, "You ought with thankfulness for ever to remember your +deliverance from the hands of Giant Despair and out of Doubting Castle. +The effect of that mercy is that you are brought with safety hither. Be +ye watchful, and cast away fear; be sober, and hope to the end." + +Then she said to Mr. Feeble-mind, "Thou wast delivered from the mouth of +Giant Slay-good, that thou mightest live in the light of the living for +ever, and see thy King with comfort. Only I advise thee to turn thee of +thy aptness to fear and doubt of His goodness, before He sends for thee; +lest thou shouldest, when He comes, be forced to stand before Him for +that fault with blushing." + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIANA CROSSES THE RIVER] + +Now, the day drew on that Christiana must be gone. So the road was full +of people to see her take her journey. But, behold, all the banks beyond +the river were full of horses and chariots, which were come down from +above to accompany her to the City gate. So she came forth and entered +the river, with a beckon of farewell to those that followed her to the +river-side. The last words that she was heard to say were, "I come, +Lord, to be with Thee, and bless Thee!" + +So her children and friends returned to their place, for that those that +waited for Christiana had carried her out of their sight. So she went +and called, and entered in at the gate with all the tokens of joy that +her husband Christian had done before her. At her departure her +children wept. But Mr. Great-heart and Mr. Valiant played upon the +well-tuned cymbal and harp for joy. So all departed to their respective +places. + +[Sidenote: PILGRIMS RECEIVE MESSAGES] + +In process of time, there came a messenger to the town again, and his +business was with Mr. Ready-to-halt. So he inquired him out, and said to +him, "I am come to thee from Him whom thou hast loved and followed, +though upon crutches; and my message is to tell thee, that He expects +thee at His table, to sup with Him in His kingdom, the next day after +Easter; wherefore prepare thyself for this journey." Then he also gave +him a token that he was a true messenger, saying, "I have broken thy +golden bowl and loosed thy silver cord." + +After this Mr. Ready-to-halt called for his fellow-pilgrims, and told +them, saying, "I am sent for, and God shall surely visit you also." So +he desired Mr. Valiant to make his will. And because he had nothing to +bequeath to them that should survive him but his crutches and his good +wishes, therefore thus he said: "These crutches I bequeath to my son +that shall tread in my steps, with a hundred warm wishes that he may +prove better than I have done." Then he thanked Mr. Great-heart for his +conduct and kindness, and so addressed himself to his journey. When he +came to the brink of the river, he said, "Now I shall have no more need +of these crutches, since yonder are chariots and horses for me to ride +on." The last words he was heard to say were, "Welcome life!" So he +went his way. + +After this, Mr. Feeble-mind had tidings brought him, that the messenger +sounded his horn at his chamber-door. Then he came in, and told him, +saying, "I am come to tell thee that thy Master has need of thee, and +that in a very little time thou must behold His face in brightness. And +take this as a token of the truth of my message: 'Those that look out at +the windows shall be darkened.'" Then Mr. Feeble-mind called for his +friends, and told them what errand had been brought unto him, and what +token he had received of the truth of the message. Then he said, "Since +I have nothing to bequeath to any, to what purpose should I make a will? +As for my feeble mind, that I will leave behind me, for that I shall +have no need of in the place whither I go, nor is it worth bestowing +upon the poorest pilgrim: wherefore, when I am gone, I desire that you, +Mr. Valiant, would bury it in a dunghill." This done, and the day being +come on which he was to depart, he entered the river as the rest. His +last words were, "Hold out, faith and patience!" So he went over to the +other side. + +When days had many of them passed away, Mr. Despondency was sent for; +for a messenger was come, and brought this message to him: "Trembling +man, these are to summon thee to be ready with thy King by the next +Lord's day, to shout for joy for thy deliverance from all thy +doubtings. And," said the messenger, "that my message is true, take +this for a proof." So he gave him the grasshopper to be a burden unto +him. + +Now, Mr. Despondency's daughter, whose name was Much-afraid, said when +she heard what was done, that she would go with her father. Then Mr. +Despondency said to his friends, "Myself and my daughter, you know what +we have been, and how troublesomely we have behaved ourselves in every +company. My will and my daughter's is, that our discouraged feelings and +slavish fears be by no man received, from the day of our departure for +ever; for I know that after my death they will offer themselves to +others. For, to be plain with you, they are ghosts the which we +entertained when we first began to be pilgrims, and could never shake +them off after; and they will walk about and seek entertainment of the +pilgrims; but, for our sakes, shut ye the doors upon them." When the +time was come for them to depart, they went to the brink of the river. +The last words of Mr. Despondency were, "Farewell, night! welcome, day!" +His daughter went through the river singing, but none could understand +what she said. + +Then it came to pass a while after, that there was a messenger in the +town that inquired for Mr. Honest. So he came to his house where he was, +and delivered to his hand these lines: "Thou art commanded to be ready +against this day seven-night, to present thyself before thy Lord at His +Father's house. And for a token that my message is true, 'All thy +daughters of music shall be brought low.'" Then Mr. Honest called for +his friends, and said unto them, "I die, but shall make no will. As for +my honesty, it shall go with me: let them that come after me be told +this." When the day that he was to be gone was come, he prepared himself +to go over the river. Now, the river at that time overflowed its banks +in some places; but Mr. Honest in his lifetime had spoken to one +Good-conscience to meet him there; the which also he did, and lent him +his hand, and so helped him over. The last words of Mr. Honest were, +"Grace reigns!" So he left the world. + +[Sidenote: THE FINAL SUMMONS] + +After this, it was noised abroad that Mr. Valiant-for-truth was taken +with a summons by the same messenger as the other, and had this for a +token that the summons was true, that his pitcher was broken at the +fountain. When he understood it, he called for his friends, and told +them of it. Then said he, "I am going to my Father's; and though with +great difficulty I am got hither, yet now I do not repent me of all the +trouble I have been at to arrive where I am. My sword I give to him that +shall succeed me in my pilgrimage, and my courage and skill to him that +can get it. My marks and scars I carry with me, to be a witness for me +that I have fought His battles who now will be my rewarder." When the +day that he must go hence was come, many accompanied him to the +river-side, into which as he went he said, "Death, where is thy sting?" +And, as he went down deeper, he said, "Grave, where is thy victory?" So +he passed over, and all the trumpets sounded for him on the other side. + +Then there came forth a summons for Mr. Stand-fast (this Mr. Stand-fast +was he whom the pilgrims found upon his knees in the Enchanted Ground), +for the messenger brought it him open in his hands; the contents thereof +were, that he must prepare for a change of life, for his Master was not +willing that he should be so far from Him any longer. At this Mr. +Stand-fast was put into a muse. + +"Nay," said the messenger, "you need not doubt the truth of my message, +for here is a token of the truth thereof: 'Thy wheel is broken at the +cistern.'" + +Then he called to him Mr. Great-heart, who was their guide, and said +unto him, "Sir, although it was not my hap to be much in your good +company in the days of my pilgrimage, yet, since the time I knew you, +you have been profitable to me. When I came from home, I left behind me +a wife and five small children: let me entreat you at your return (for I +know that you will go and return to your master's house, in hopes that +you may yet be a conductor to more of the holy pilgrims), that you send +to my family, and let them be acquainted with all that hath or shall +happen unto me. Tell them moreover of my happy arrival to this place, +and of the present and late blessed condition that I am in. Tell them +also of Christian and Christiana his wife, and how she and her children +came after her husband. Tell them also what a happy end she made, and +whither she is gone. I have little or nothing to send to my family, +unless it be my prayers and tears for them; of which it will suffice +that you acquaint them, if peradventure they may prevail." + +[Sidenote: END OF THE PILGRIMAGE] + +When Mr. Stand-fast had thus set things in order, and the time being +come for him to haste him away, he also went down to the river. Now, +there was a great calm at that time in the river; wherefore Mr. +Stand-fast, when he was about half-way in, stood a while, and talked to +his companions that had waited upon him thither. And he said, "This +river has been a terror to many; yea, the thoughts of it have also +frighted me; but now methinks I stand easy; my foot is fixed upon that +on which the feet of the priests that bare the ark of the covenant stood +while Israel went over Jordan. The waters, indeed, are to the palate +bitter, and to the stomach cold; yet the thought of what I am going to, +and of the conduct that waits for me on the other side, doth lie as a +glowing coal at my heart. I see myself now at the end of my journey; my +toilsome days are ended. I am going to see that head which was crowned +with thorns, and that face which was spit upon for me. I have formerly +lived by hearsay and faith; but now I go where I shall live by sight, +and shall be with Him in whose company I delight myself. I have loved to +hear my Lord spoken of; and wherever I have seen the print of His shoe +in the earth, there I have coveted to set my foot too. His name has been +to me as a perfume box; yea, sweeter than all sweet smells. His voice to +me has been most sweet, and His countenance I have more desired than +they that have most desired the light of the sun. His Word I did use to +gather for my food, and for medicine against my faintings. He has held +me, and hath kept me from my sins; yea, my steps hath He strengthened in +His way." + +Now, while he was thus speaking, his countenance changed, his strong man +bowed under him; and, after he had said, "Take me, for I come unto +Thee!" he ceased to be seen of them. + +But glorious it was to see how the open region was filled with horses +and chariots, with trumpeters and pipers, with singers and players on +stringed instruments to welcome the pilgrims as they went up, and +followed one another in at the beautiful gate of the City. + +As for Christian's children, the four boys that Christiana brought with +her, with their wives and children, I did not stay where I was till they +were gone over. Also, since I came away, I heard one say that they were +yet alive, and so would be for the help of the Church in that place +where they were for a time. + +Shall it be my lot to go that way again, I may give those that desire it +an account of what I here am silent about: meantime I bid my reader + + ADIEU. + + + + +THE LITTLE PILGRIM. + +THE STORY OF A LITTLE GIRL WHO TRIED TO GO ON PILGRIMAGE. + + + In a large old house, with two kind aunts, + The little Marian dwelt; + And a happy child she was, I ween, + For though at times she felt + That playmates would be better far + Than either birds or flowers, + Yet her kind old aunts, and story books, + Soothed many lonely hours. + + Her favorite haunt, in the summer-time, + Was a large old apple-tree; + And oft amid the boughs she sat, + With her pet book on her knee. + The "Pilgrim's Progress" was its name, + And Marian loved it much; + It is, indeed, a glorious book, + There are not many such! + + She read it in her little bed, + Beside the winter fire, + And in summer-time, in the apple-tree, + As though she would never tire. + + But, unexplained, 'tis just the book + To puzzle the young brain; + And the poor child had no kind friend, + Its meaning to explain. + + For though her aunts were very kind, + They were not overwise, + And only said, "Don't read so, child, + I'm sure you'll spoil your eyes." + + But Marian still went reading on, + And visions strange and wild + Began to fill the little head + Of the lonely, dreaming child; + For she thought that Christian and his wife, + And all their children too, + Had left behind their pleasant home, + And done what she must do. + + "I'll take my Bible," said the child, + "And seek the road to heaven; + I'll try to find the Wicket Gate, + And hope to be forgiven. + I wish my aunts would go with me, + But 'tis in vain to ask; + They are so deaf and rather lame, + They'd think it quite a task. + + "No! I must go alone, I see, + So I'll not let them know; + Or, like poor Christian's friends, they'll say, + 'My dear, you must not go.' + + "But I must wait till some grand scheme + Can all their thoughts engage; + And then I'll leave my pleasant home, + And go on pilgrimage." + + She had not waited long, before, + One fine autumnal day, + She saw the large old coach arrive, + To take her aunts away. + "We're going out to spend the day," + The two old ladies said; + "We mean to visit Mrs. Blair-- + Poor soul!--she's ill in bed. + + "But, Marian, you must stay at home, + For the lady's ill, you see; + You can have your dinner, if you like, + In the large old apple-tree, + And play in the garden all the day, + Quite happy and content." + A few more parting words were said, + And off the ladies went. + + The servants, too, were all engaged; + "The day is come at last," + Said Marian, "but oh, I wish, + My pilgrimage was past." + She knelt beside the apple-tree, + And for God's assistance prayed; + Then, with her basket in her hand, + Forth tripped the little maid. + + Behind the house where Marian dwelt, + Far off in the distance, lay + A high steep hill, which the sun at morn + Tinged with its earliest ray. + "Difficulty" was its rightful name, + The child had often thought; + Towards this hill she turned her steps, + With hopeful visions fraught. + + The flowers seemed to welcome her, + 'Twas a lovely autumn morn, + The little lark sang merrily, + Above the waving corn. + "Ah, little lark, you sing," said she, + "On your early pilgrimage; + I, too, will sing, for pleasant thoughts + Should now my mind engage." + + In clear, sweet strains she sang a hymn, + And tripped lightly on her way; + Until a pool of soft, thick mud + Across her pathway lay. + "This is the Slough of Despond," she cried, + But she bravely ventured through; + And safely reached the other side, + But she lost one little shoe. + + On an old gray stone she sat her down, + To eat some fruit and bread; + Then took her little Bible out, + And a cheering psalm she read. + + Then with fresh hope she journeyed on, + For many miles away; + And she reached the bottom of the hill, + Before the close of day. + + She clambered up the steep ascent, + Though faint and weary, too; + But firmly did our Marian keep + Her purpose still in view. + + "I'm glad, at least, the arbor's past," + Said the little tired soul; + "I'm sure I should have sat me down + And lost my little roll!" + On the high hill-top she stands at last, + And our weary Pilgrim sees + A porter's lodge, of ample size, + Half hid by sheltering trees. + + She clapped her hands with joy, and cried, + "Oh, there's the Wicket Gate, + And I must seek admittance there, + Before it is too late." + Gently she knocks--'tis answered soon, + And at the open door + Stands a tall, stout man--poor Marian felt + As she ne'er had felt before. + + With tearful eyes, and trembling hand, + Flushed cheek, and anxious brow, + She said, "I hope you're Watchful, Sir, + I want Discretion now." + + "Oh yes, I'm watchful," said the man, + "As a porter ought to be; + I s'pose you've lost your way, young Miss, + You've lost your shoe, I see. + + "Missus," he cried to his wife within, + "Here's a child here, at the door, + You'll never see such a one again, + If you live to be fourscore. + She wants discretion, so she says, + Indeed I think 'tis true; + But I know some who want it more, + Who will not own they do." + + "Go to the Hall," his wife replies, + "And take the child with you, + The ladies there are all so wise, + They'll soon know what to do." + The man complied, and led the child + Through many a flowery glade; + "Is that the Palace Beautiful?" + The little Pilgrim said. + + "There, to the left, among the trees? + Why, Miss, 'tis mighty grand; + Call it a palace, if you please, + 'Tis the finest in the land. + Now we be come to the fine old porch, + And this is the Marble Hall; + Here, little lady, you must stay, + While I the servants call." + + Tired and sad he left the child, + But he quickly re-appeared, + And with him the lady of the house-- + Poor Marian's heart was cheered. + "Sweet little girl," the lady said, + In accents soft and kind, + "I'm sure you sadly want some rest, + And rest you soon shall find." + + To a room where three young ladies sat, + The child was quickly led; + "Piety, Prudence, and Charity," + To herself she softly said. + "What is your name, my little dear?" + Said the eldest of the three, + Whom Marian, in her secret thought, + Had christened Piety. + + "We'll send a servant to your friends, + How uneasy they must be!" + Admiringly she watched the child, + Who, indeed, was fair to see; + Around her bright and lovely face + Fell waves of auburn hair, + As modestly she told her name, + With whom she lived and where. + + "How did you lose your way, my love?" + She gently raised her head; + "I do not think I've lost my way," + The little Pilgrim said. + + "This is the Palace Beautiful, + May I stay here to-night?" + They smiled and said, "We're glad our house + Finds favor in your sight:-- + + "Yes, gladly will we keep you here, + For many nights to come." + "Thank you," said Marian, "but I soon + Must seek my heavenly home. + The Valley of the Shadow of Death + Is near this house, I know"-- + She stopped, for she saw, with great surprise, + Their tears began to flow. + + She little thought the mourning dress, + Which all the ladies wore, + Was for one whom they had dearly loved, + And should see on earth no more. + Their brother had been called away, + Their brightest and their best; + No wonder, then, that Marian's words + Roused grief in every breast. + + Sobs only for awhile were heard; + At length the ladies said, + "My, love, you have reminded us + Of our loved and early dead; + But this you could not know, my dear, + And it indeed is true; + We are all near to Death's dark door, + Even little girls like you." + + "Yes," said the timid, trembling child, + "I know it must be so; + But, ma'am, I hope that Piety + May be with me when I go. + And will you show me your armory, + When you have time to spare? + I hope you have some small enough + For a little girl to wear." + + No more she said, for Piety, + As Marian called her, cast + Her arms around the Pilgrim's neck, + The secret's out at last. + "You puzzled all," said Piety; + "But now, I see, you've read + A glorious book, which, unexplained, + Has turned your little head. + + "Oh, dearly, when I was a child, + I loved that Pilgrim Tale; + But then mamma explained it well-- + And if we can prevail + On your kind aunts to let you stay + Some time with us, my dear, + You shall read that book with my mamma, + And she will make it clear." + + Now we'll return to Marian's home, + And see what's passing there. + The servants all had company, + And a merry group they were. + + They had not missed our Pilgrim long, + For they knew she oft would play + In that old garden, with a book, + The whole of the livelong day. + + "Betty," at last, said the housekeeper, + "Where can Miss Marian be? + Her dinner was in the basket packed, + But sure, she'll come in to tea!" + They sought her here, they sought her there, + But they could not find the child; + And her poor old aunts, when they came home, + With grief were almost wild. + + The coachman and the footman too, + In different ways were sent; + But none thought of the narrow way + In which the Pilgrim went. + "Perhaps she followed us to town," + Poor Aunt Rebecca said, + "I wish we had not left our home; + I fear the child is dead." + + And to the town the coachman went, + For they knew not what to do; + And night drew on, when a country boy + Brought Marian's little shoe. + With the shoe in her hand, the housekeeper + Into the parlor ran, + "Oh, Mistress, here is all that's left + Of poor Miss Marian. + + "It was found sticking in the mud, + Just above Harlem Chase; + I fear the poor child's perished there, + For 'tis a frightful place." + Then louder grew the ladies' grief; + But soon their hearts were cheered, + When a footman grand, with a note in his hand, + From the distant Hall appeared. + + Aunt Ruth now read the note, and cried, + "Oh, sister, all is well! + The child is safe at Brookland Hall, + With Lady Arundel, + Who wants to keep her for a month; + Why, yes; I think she may-- + Such friends as Lady Arundel + Are not met with every day. + + "Our compliments, and thanks to her, + When you return, young man; + We'll call to-morrow at the Hall, + And see Miss Marian." + Then came a burst of grateful joy, + That could not be suppressed, + And, with thankful hearts and many tears, + The ladies went to rest. + + We'll take a peep at our Marian now, + There in her bed lies she; + How blissful were her dreams that night, + In the arms of Piety. + + Oh, that happy month at Brookland Hall, + How soon it passed away! + Cheerful and good were Marian's friends, + And who so kind as they? + + And, more than all, while there she stayed + They did their best to bring + The little lamb to that blest fold + Where reigns the Shepherd King. + For many a lesson ne'er forgot, + The little Marian learned; + And a thoughtful and a happier child + She to her home returned. + + Years rolled away, the scene has changed, + A wife and mother now, + Marian has found the Wicket Gate, + She and her children too. + And oh! how sweet it is to see + This little Pilgrim band, + As on towards their heavenly home, + They travel hand in hand. + When cloudy days fall to their lot, + They see a light afar, + The light that shone on Bethlehem's plain, + The Pilgrim's guiding star. + + And now, dear children, whosoe'er, + Or whereso'er you be, + Who ponder o'er this strange, true tale + Of Marian's history,-- + + If to the Flowers of your young hearts, + Instructions dews are given, + Oh! be earnest as our Marian was, + To find the road to Heaven. + + + * * * * * + + +Transriber's note: + +Minor typographical errors, punctuation and inconsistencies have been +silently normalized. Archaic spelling has been retained. + +Page 365: 'Tell-truth' has been changed to 'Tell-true'. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan, by +John Bunyan + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS *** + +***** This file should be named 39452-8.txt or 39452-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/4/5/39452/ + +Produced by Julia Neufeld and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan + +Author: John Bunyan + +Editor: Jesse Lyman Hurlbut + +Release Date: April 14, 2012 [EBook #39452] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS *** + + + + +Produced by Julia Neufeld and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 400px;"><br /><br /><a name="Frontispiece" id="Frontispiece"></a> +<img src="images/i_006.jpg" width="400" height="615" alt="Christian Confides in His Wife." title="Christian Confides in His Wife." /> +<span class="caption">Christian Confides in His Wife.<br /> +<small>See page 13</small></span> +</div> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><br /><br /> +<img src="images/i_007.jpg" width="400" height="639" alt="Front Page" title="Front Page" /> +</div> + +<h1><span class="smcap">The<br /> +Pilgrim's Progress</span></h1> +<h2><span class="smcap">By JOHN BUNYAN</span></h2> +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> +<h3>EVERY CHILD CAN READ</h3> +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> +<h4>EDITED BY<br /> +REV. JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT, D.D.<br /> +<br /> +ILLUSTRATED +</h4> +<p class="center"> +EVERY<br /> +CHILD'S<br /> +LIBRARY<br /> +<br /> +THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO.<br /> +PHILADELPHIA</p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Copyright, 1909, by<br /> +The John C. Winston Co.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE</h2> + + +<p>It may seem a very bold undertaking to change +even a word of the book which, next to the +Bible, has been read by more people, old +and young, than any other book in the English +language.</p> + +<p>But, it must be remembered that, although the +Pilgrim's Progress has come to be a children's +book, and is read more often by young people +than by those who are older, it was not in the +purpose of John Bunyan to write a book for +children or even for the young.</p> + +<p>The Pilgrim's Progress was a book for men and +women; and it was aimed to teach the great +truths of the gospel. Hence while most of it is +written in a simple style,—as all books should be +written,—it contains much that a child cannot +understand; not often in the story, but in the +conversations and discussions between the different +persons. Some of these conversations are +in reality short sermons on doctrines and teachings +which Bunyan believed to be of great importance. +But these are beyond the minds of children +and give them great trouble when the book is +read. They do not like to have them left out of +the reading, thinking that they may lose something +interesting. Many a young person has +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>stumbled through the dull, doctrinal parts of the +book, without understanding them; and even +grown people find them in our time somewhat of +a blemish upon the wonderful story, valuable as +they were supposed to be in Bunyan's own time.</p> + +<p>For many years it has been in my mind, not to +re-write the Pilgrim's Progress, for that would +destroy its greatest charm, but to change the words +here and there to simpler ones, and to omit all +the conversations and arguments concerning subjects +belonging to the field of doctrine; in other +words to place the story of the Pilgrim's Progress +in such a form that every child ten years old can +understand it. My purpose is to make it plain +and interesting to children, leaving the older form +of the book to be read by them when they become +older.</p> + +<p>Perhaps a short account of Bunyan's own life +may add to the interest of his book. John Bunyan +was born in 1628 at Elstow, a small village +near Bedford, which is in the heart of England. +His father was a poor man, traveling on foot from +place to place mending pots and pans and the +simple furniture of country kitchens, and the son +followed the same trade, and was known as a +"tinker." He tells us that he lived a wild life, +and was especially known as one of the worst +swearers in the region.</p> + +<p>When the great Civil War broke out in England, +in 1642, between King Charles the First and the +Parliament, Bunyan became a soldier on the side +of the Commonwealth, as the party against the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> +king was called. He served in the army between +1644 and 1646.</p> + +<p>In 1648, at the age of twenty years, he married a +good young woman, who led him to prayer and to +a new life. But it was hard for one who had led +such a life as his had been to turn to God, and it +cost the young man a great struggle. It seemed +to him that his past sins were like a load upon his +back, just as he afterward wrote of his "pilgrim," +and it was long before he found peace.</p> + +<p>He became a member of a little Baptist society, +and soon began to preach. Crowds came to hear +him, drawn by his earnest spirit and his quaint +striking manner. But when Charles the Second +became king, no religious services were allowed +except those of the Church of England, and all +other meetings were forbidden. Bunyan however +went on preaching, until he was sent to prison in +Bedford. In Bedford jail he stayed twelve years. +To find a means of living in jail, he made lace, +and sold it as a support for himself and his blind +daughter.</p> + +<p>If the prison was hard for Bunyan his sufferings +were made a blessing to untold millions, for while +in Bedford jail he wrote the Pilgrim's Progress. +This story was intended to be a parable, like many +of our Saviour's teachings; that is, it put into the +form of a story the life of one who turns from sin, +finds salvation through Christ, and in the face of +many difficulties makes his way through this +world to heaven. Even a child who reads or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> +listens to the book will see this meaning in part; +and he will understand it better as he grows older.</p> + +<p>In 1672 Bunyan was set free, and allowed to +begin again his work as a Baptist minister, and +he soon became one of the most popular preachers +in all England. He died quite suddenly in 1688, +when he was sixty years old, and is buried in an +old graveyard now near the center of London, +called Bunhill Fields Burial-ground. In the +same ground is buried another great writer, +Daniel DeFoe, whose story of "Robinson Crusoe" +ranks next to the Pilgrim's Progress in the +number of its readers; also Isaac Watts, the +author of many hymns sung in all the churches, +and Mrs. Susanna Wesley, the mother of the great +John Wesley. Four people who have left a deep +mark upon the world, all lie near together in this +small cemetery in London.</p> + +<p>Every child should read the Pilgrim's Progress +as a story if no more than a story; should read it +until he knows it by heart. And the older he +grows the deeper will be the meaning that he will +see in it.</p> + +<p class="signature"><span class="smcap">Jesse Lyman Hurlbut.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p> +<h2>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Illustrations"> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Christian Confides in His Wife</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Frontispiece"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"><span class="smcap"><small>PAGE</small></span></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Evangelist Points to Wicket-Gate</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Christian Before the Cross</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Cross">50</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Christian and Faithful Join Company</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Join">89</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Hopeful and Christian</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Christian">129</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Atheist Laughing at Christian and Hopeful</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Hopeful">170</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Christiana's Boys Began to Eat</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_231">231</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Turn-away Resisting Evangelist</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#See_page_357">357</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a></span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS</h2> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>PART I</h2> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER I.</h2> + +<p>As I walked through the wilderness of this +world, I lighted on a certain place where +was a den,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> and laid me down in that place +to sleep; and as I slept, I dreamed a dream. I +dreamed, and behold, I saw a man clothed with +rags, standing in a certain place, with his face +from his own house, a book in his hand, and a great +burden upon his back. I looked, and saw him +open the book, and read therein; and as he read, +he wept and trembled; and, not being able longer +to contain, he brake out with a lamentable cry, +saying, "What shall I do?"</p> + +<p>In this plight, therefore, he went home, and +restrained himself as long as he could, that his +wife and children should not perceive his distress; +but he could not be silent long, because that his +trouble increased. Wherefore at length he brake +his mind to his wife and children; and thus he +began to talk to them: "Oh my dear wife," said +he, "and you my sweet children, I, your dear +friend, am in myself undone by reason of a burden +that lieth hard upon me; moreover, I am told to +a certainty that this our city will be burned with +fire from heaven; in which fearful overthrow, both +myself, with thee, my wife, and you, my sweet +babes, shall miserably come to ruin, except some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> +way of escape can be found whereby we may be +delivered." At this all his family were sore +amazed; not for that they believed that what he +had said to them was true, but because they +thought that some frenzy or madness had got into +his head; therefore, it drawing towards night, +and they hoping that sleep might settle his brain, +with all haste they got him to bed. But the +night was as troublesome to him as the day; +wherefore, instead of sleeping, he spent it in sighs +and tears. So when the morning was come, they +would know how he did. He told them, Worse +and worse: he also set to talking to them again; +but they began to be hardened. They also +thought to drive away his madness by harsh and +surly treatment of him: sometimes they would +ridicule, sometimes they would chide, and sometimes +they would quite neglect him. Wherefore +he began to retire himself to his chamber, to pray +for and pity them, and also to sorrow over his own +misery; he would also walk solitary in the fields, +sometimes reading, and sometimes praying; and +thus for some days he spent his time.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIAN'S DISTRESS OF MIND</div> + +<p>Now, I saw, upon a time, when he was walking +in the fields, that he was (as he was wont) reading +in his book, and greatly distressed in his mind; +and as he read, he burst out as he had done before, +crying, "What shall I do to be saved?"</p> + +<p>I saw also that he looked this way and that way, +as if he would run; yet he stood still, because +(as I perceived) he could not tell which way to go. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>I looked then, and saw a man named Evangelist +coming to him, who asked, "Wherefore dost thou +cry?"</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i_020.jpg" width="400" height="608" alt="Evangelist Points to Wicket-Gate." title="Evangelist Points to Wicket-Gate. + +" /> +<span class="caption">Evangelist Points to Wicket-Gate.<br /> + +<small>See page 15</small> + +</span> +</div> + + +<p>He answered, "Sir, I read in the book in my +hand, that I am condemned to die, and after that +to come to judgment; and I find that I am not +willing to do the first, nor able to do the second."</p> + +<p>Then said Evangelist, "Why not willing to die, +since this life is troubled with so many evils?" +The man answered, "Because I fear that this +burden that is upon my back will sink me lower +than the grave, and I shall fall into Tophet.<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> +And, sir, if I be not fit to go to prison, I am not fit +to go to judgment, and from thence to death; and +the thoughts of these things make me cry."</p> + +<p>Then said Evangelist, "If this be thy condition, +why standest thou still?"</p> + +<p>He answered, "Because I know not whither to +go." Then he gave him a parchment roll, and +there was written within, "Flee from the wrath +to come."</p> + +<p>The man, therefore, read it, and looking upon +Evangelist very carefully, said, "Whither must +I fly?" Then said Evangelist (pointing with his +finger over a very wide field), "Do you see yonder +wicket-gate?" The man said, "No." Then said +the other, "Do you see yonder shining light?" +He said, "I think I do." Then said Evangelist, +"Keep that light in your eye, and go up directly +thereto; so shalt thou see the gate; at which,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> +when thou knockest, it shall be told thee what +thou shalt do." So I saw in my dream that the +man began to run. Now, he had not run far from +his own door, when his wife and children perceiving +it, began to cry after him to return; but the +man put his fingers in his ears, and ran on, crying, +"Life! life! eternal life!" So he looked not behind +him, but fled towards the middle of the plain.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIAN FLEES FROM THE CITY</div> + +<p>The neighbors also came out to see him run; +and as he ran, some mocked, others threatened, +and some cried after him to return; and among +those that did so there were two that resolved to +fetch him back by force. The name of the one +was Obstinate, and the name of the other Pliable. +Now, by this time the man was got a good distance +from them; but, however, they were +resolved to pursue him, which they did, and in a +little time they overtook him. Then said the +man, "Neighbors, wherefore are ye come?" +They said, "To persuade you to go back with us." +But he said, "That can by no means be: you +dwell," said he, "in the City of Destruction, the +place also where I was born: I see it to be so; +and, dying there, sooner or later, you will sink +lower than the grave, into a place that burns with +fire and brimstone. Be content, good neighbors, +and go along with me."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Obst.</span> "What!" said Obstinate, "and leave our +friends and comforts behind us?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Yes," said Christian (for that was his +name), "because that all which you forsake is not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> +worthy to be compared with a little of that I am +seeking to enjoy; and if you would go along with +me, and hold it, you shall fare as I myself; for +there, where I go, is enough and to spare. Come +away, and prove my words."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Obst.</span> What are the things you seek, since you +leave all the world to find them?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I seek a place that can never be destroyed, +one that is pure, and that fadeth not +away, and it is laid up in heaven, and safe there, +to be given, at the time appointed, to them that +seek it with all their heart. Read it so, if you will, +in my book.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Obst.</span> "Tush!" said Obstinate, "away with +your book; will you go back with us or no?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "No, not I," said the other, "because +I have put my hand to the plough."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Obst.</span> Come, then, neighbor Pliable, let us turn +again, and go home without him: there is a company +of these crazy-headed fools, that, when they +take a fancy by the end, are wiser in their own +eyes than seven men that can render a reason.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> Then said Pliable, "Don't revile; if what +the good Christian says is true, the things he looks +after are better than ours; my heart inclines to go +with my neighbor."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Obst.</span> What! more fools still? Be ruled by me, +and go back; who knows whither such a brain-sick +fellow will lead you? Go back, go back, and +be wise.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Nay, but do thou come with thy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> +neighbor Pliable; there are such things to be had +which I spoke of, and many more glories besides. +If you believe not me, read here in this book; and +for the truth of what is told therein, behold, all is +made by the blood of Him that made it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> "Well, neighbor Obstinate," said Pliable, +"I begin to come to a point; I intend to go along +with this good man, and to cast in my lot with +him. But, my good companion, do you know the +way to this desired place?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I am directed by a man, whose name is +Evangelist, to speed me to a little gate that is +before us, where we shall receive directions about +the way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> Come, then, good neighbor, let us be +going. Then they went both together.</p> + +<p>"And I will go back to my place," said Obstinate; +"I will be no companion of such misled, +fantastical fellows."</p> + +<p>Now, I saw in my dream, that, when Obstinate +was gone back, Christian and Pliable went talking +over the plain; and thus they began:</p> + +<div class="sidenote">DISCOURSES WITH PLIABLE</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Come, neighbor Pliable, how do you do? +I am glad you are persuaded to go along with me. +Had even Obstinate himself but felt what I have +felt of the powers and terrors of what is yet unseen, +he would not thus lightly have given us the back.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> Come, neighbor Christian, since there are +none but us two here, tell me now further what +the things are, and how to be enjoyed, whither we +are going.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I can better understand them with my +mind than speak of them with my tongue; but +yet, since you are desirous to know, I will read of +them in my book.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> And do you think that the words of your +book are certainly true?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, verily; for it was made by Him +that cannot lie.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> Well said; what things are they?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> There is an endless kingdom to be +enjoyed, and everlasting life to be given us, that +we may live in that kingdom forever.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> Well said; and what else?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> There are crowns of glory to be given us, +and garments that will make us shine like the sun +in the sky.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> This is very pleasant; and what else?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> There shall be no more crying, nor +sorrow; for he that is owner of the place will wipe +all tears from our eyes.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> And what company shall we have there?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> There we shall be with seraphims and +cherubims, creatures that shall dazzle your eyes +to look on them. There also you shall meet with +thousands and ten thousands that have gone +before us to that place; none of them are hurtful, +but all loving and holy; every one walking in the +sight of God, and standing in His presence with +acceptance for ever. In a word, there we shall +see the elders with their golden crowns; there we +shall see the holy women with their golden harps;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +there we shall see men that by the world were cut +in pieces, burnt in flames, eaten of beasts, drowned +in the seas, for the love they bear to the Lord of +the place, all well, and clothed with everlasting +life as with a garment.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> The hearing of this is enough to delight +one's heart. But are these things to be enjoyed? +How shall we get to be sharers thereof?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> The Lord, the Governor of the country, +hath written that in this book; the substance of +which is, If we be truly willing to have it, He will +bestow it upon us freely.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> Well, my good companion, glad am I to +hear of these things; come on, let us mend our +pace.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I cannot go so fast as I would, by reason +of this burden that is on my back.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE SLOUGH OF DESPOND</div> + +<p>Now, I saw in my dream, that just as they had +ended this talk, they drew nigh to a very miry +slough or swamp, that was in the midst of the +plain; and they, being heedless, did both fall +suddenly into the bog. The name of the slough +was Despond. Here, therefore, they wallowed +for a time, being grievously bedaubed with the +dirt; and Christian, because of the burden that +was on his back, began to sink into the mire.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> Then said Pliable, "Ah! neighbor Christian +where are you now?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Truly," said Christian, "I do not +know."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pli.</span> At this Pliable began to be offended, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> +angrily said to his fellow, "Is this the happiness +you have told me all this while of? If we have +such ill speed at our first setting out, what may we +expect between this and our journey's end? May +I get out again with my life, you shall possess the +brave country alone for me." And with that, he +gave a desperate struggle or two, and got out of +the mire on that side of the swamp which was next +to his own house: so away he went, and Christian +saw him no more.</p> + +<p>Wherefore Christian was left to tumble in the +Slough of Despond alone; but still he tried to +struggle to that side of the slough which was +farthest from his own house, and next to the +wicket-gate; the which, he did but could not get +out because of the burden that was upon his back; +but I beheld in my dream, that a man came to +him whose name was Help, and asked him, What +he did there?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Sir," said Christian, "I was bid to go +this way by a man called Evangelist, who directed +me also to yonder gate, that I might escape the +wrath to come; and as I was going there I fell in +here."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Help.</span> But why did you not look for the steps?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Fear followed me so hard, that I fled +the next way and fell in.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Help.</span> Then said he, "Give me thine hand." +So he gave him his hand, and he drew him out, +and set him upon solid ground, and bade him go +on his way.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>Then I stepped to him that plucked him out, +and said, "Sir, wherefore, since over this place is +the way from the City of Destruction to yonder +gate, is it that this place is not mended, that poor +travelers might go thither with more safety?" +And he said unto me, "This miry slough is such a +place as cannot be mended; it is the hollow +whither the scum and filth that go with the feeling +of sin, do continually run, and therefore it +is called the Slough of Despond; for still, as the +sinner is awakened by his lost condition, there +arise in his soul many fears, and doubts, and discouraging +alarms, which all of them get together +and settle in this place; and this is the reason of +the badness of the ground.</p> + +<p>"It is not the pleasure of the King that this +place should remain so bad. His laborers also +have, by the direction of His Majesty's surveyors, +been for about these sixteen hundred years +employed about this patch of ground, if perhaps +it might have been mended; yea, and to my +knowledge," said he, "here have been swallowed +up at least twenty thousand cart-loads, yea, +millions, of wholesome teachings, that have at all +seasons been brought from all places of the King's +dominions (and they that can tell say they are the +best materials to make good ground of the place), +if so be it might have been mended; but it is the +Slough of Despond still, and so will be when they +have done what they can.</p> + +<p>"True, there are, by the direction of the Lawgiver,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> +certain good and substantial steps, placed +even through the very midst of this slough; but +at such time as this place doth much spew out its +filth, as it doth against change of weather, these +steps are hardly seen; or, if they be, men, through +the dizziness of their heads, step aside, and then +they are bemired to purpose, notwithstanding the +steps be there; but the ground is good when they +are got in at the gate."</p> + +<p>Now, I saw in my dream, that by this time +Pliable was got home to his house. So his +neighbors came to visit him; and some of them +called him wise man for coming back, and some +called him a fool for risking himself with Christian; +others again did mock at his cowardliness, saying +"Surely since you began to venture, I would not +have been so base to have given out for a few +difficulties;" so Pliable sat sneaking among them. +But at last he got more confidence; and then they +all turned their tales, and began to abuse poor +Christian behind his back. And thus much concerning +Pliable.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">WORLDLY WISEMAN'S COUNSEL</div> + +<p>Now, as Christian was walking solitary by himself, +he espied one afar off come crossing over the +field to meet him; and their hap was to meet just +as they were crossing the way of each other. The +gentleman's name that met him was Mr. Worldly +Wiseman: he dwelt in the town of Carnal Policy, +a very great town, and also hard by from whence +Christian came. This man, then, meeting with +Christian, and having heard about him—(for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> +Christian's setting forth from the City of Destruction +was much noised abroad, not only in the town +where he dwelt, but also it began to be the town-talk +in some other places)—Mr. Worldly Wiseman +therefore, having some guess of him, by beholding +his laborious going, by noticing his sighs and +groans, and the like, began thus to enter into +some talk with Christian:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> How now, good fellow! whither away +after this burdened manner?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> A burdened manner indeed, as ever I +think poor creature had! And whereas you ask +me, Whither away? I tell you, sir, I am going to +yonder wicket-gate before me; for there, as I am +informed, I shall be put into a way to be rid of my +heavy burden.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> Hast thou a wife and children?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes; but I am so laden with this +burden, that I cannot take that pleasure in them +as formerly; methinks I am as if I had none.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> Wilt thou hearken to me, if I give +thee counsel?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> If it be <i>good</i>, I will; for I stand in need +of good counsel.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> I would advise thee, then, that thou +with all speed get thyself rid of thy burden; for +thou wilt never be settled in thy mind till then; +nor canst thou enjoy the blessings which God hath +bestowed upon thee till then.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> That is that which I seek for, even to be +rid of this heavy burden; but get it off myself<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> +I cannot; nor is there any man in our country +that can take it off my shoulders; therefore am I +going this way, as I told you, that I may be rid of +my burden.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> Who bid thee go this way to be rid of +thy burden?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> A man that appeared to me to be a very +great and honorable person; his name, as I remember, +is Evangelist.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> I curse him for his counsel! there is +not a more dangerous and troublesome way in the +world than is that into which he hath directed +thee; and that thou shalt find, if thou wilt be +ruled by his advice. Thou hast met with something, +as I perceive, already; for I see the dirt of +the Slough of Despond is upon thee; but that +slough is the beginning of the sorrows that do +attend those that go on in that way. Hear me: +I am older than thou: thou art like to meet with, +in the way which thou goest, wearisomeness, painfulness, +hunger, perils, nakedness, sword, lions, +dragons, darkness, and, in a word, death, and +what not. These things are certainly true, having +been proved by the words of many people. And +why should a man so carelessly cast away himself, +by giving heed to a stranger?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, sir, this burden upon my back is +more terrible to me than all these things which +you have mentioned; nay, methinks I care not +what I meet with in the way, if so be I can also +meet with deliverance from my burden.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span><span class="smcap">World.</span> How camest thou by the burden at +first?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> By reading this book in my hand.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> I thought so. And it has happened +unto thee as unto other weak men, who, meddling +with things too high for them, do suddenly fall +into thy crazy thoughts, which thoughts do not +only unman men, as thine I perceive have done +thee, but they run them upon desperate efforts to +obtain they know not what.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I know what I would obtain; it is ease +for my heavy burden.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> But why wilt thou seek for ease this +way, seeing so many dangers attend it? Especially +since (hadst thou but patience to hear me,) I +could direct thee to the getting of what thou +desirest, without the dangers that thou in this way +wilt run thyself into. Yea, and the remedy is at +hand. Besides, I will add that, instead of those +dangers, thou shalt meet with much safety, friendship, +and content.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Sir, I pray, open this secret to me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> Why, in yonder village (the village is +named Morality), there dwells a gentleman whose +name is Legality, a very wise man, and a man of +very good name, that has skill to help men off with +such burdens as thine is from their shoulders; yea, +to my knowledge he hath done a great deal of +good this way; aye, and besides, he hath skill to +cure those that are somewhat crazed in their wits +with their burdens. To him, as I said, thou<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +mayest go, and be helped presently. His house is +not quite a mile from this place; and if he should +not be at home himself, he hath a pretty young +man as his son, whose name is Civility, that can +do it (to speak on) as well as the old gentleman +himself. There, I say, thou mayest be eased of +thy burden; and if thou art not minded to go back +to thy former habitation (as indeed I would not +wish thee), thou mayest send for thy wife and +children to thee in this village, where there are +houses now standing empty, one of which thou +mayest have at a reasonable rate; provision is +there also cheap and good; and that which will +make thy life the more happy is, to be sure there +thou shalt live by honest neighbors, in credit and +good fashion.</p> + +<p>Now was Christian somewhat at a stand; but +presently he concluded, "If this be true which this +gentleman hath said, my wisest course is to take +his advice;" and with that, he thus further spake:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Sir, which is my way to this honest +man's house?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> Do you see yonder high hill?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, very well.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">World.</span> By that hill you must go, and the first +house you come at is his.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">EVANGELIST AND CHRISTIAN.</div> + +<p>So Christian turned out of his way to go to Mr. +Legality's house for help; but, behold, when he +was got now hard by the hill, it seemed so high, +and also that side of it that was next the wayside +did hang so much over, that Christian was afraid<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> +to venture farther, lest the hill should fall on his +head; wherefore there he stood still, and knew not +what to do. Also his burden now seemed heavier +to him than while he was in his way. There came +also flashes of fire out of the hill, that made +Christian afraid that he should be burnt: here, +therefore, he sweat and did quake for fear. And +now he began to be sorry that he had taken Mr. +Worldly Wiseman's counsel; and with that, he +saw Evangelist coming to meet him, at the sight +also of whom he began to blush for shame. So +Evangelist drew nearer and nearer; and, coming +up to him, he looked upon him with a severe and +dreadful countenance, and thus began to reason +with Christian:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> "What dost thou here, Christian?" said +he; at which words Christian knew not what to +answer; wherefore at present he stood speechless +before him. Then said Evangelist further, "Art +thou not the man that I found crying, without +the walls of the City of Destruction?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, dear sir, I am the man.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> Did not I direct thee the way to the +little wicket-gate?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Yes, dear sir," said Christian.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> How is it, then, that thou art so quickly +turned aside? For thou art now out of the way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I met with a gentleman as soon as I had +got over the Slough of Despond, who persuaded +me that I might, in the village before me, find a +man that could take off my burden.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>Evan.</span> What was he?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> He looked like a gentleman, and talked +much to me, and got me at last to yield: so I came +hither, but when I beheld this hill, and how it +hangs over the way, I suddenly made a stand, lest +it should fall on my head.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> What said that gentleman to you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, he asked me whither I was going, +and I told him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> And what said he then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> He asked me if I had a family, and I +told him. But, said I, I am so laden with the +burden that is on my back, that I cannot take +pleasure in them as formerly.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> And what said he then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> He bid me with speed get rid of my +burden; and I told him it was ease that I sought. +And, said I, I am therefore going to yonder gate +to receive further direction how I may get to the +place of deliverance. So he said that he would +show me a better way, and short, not so hard as +the way, sir, that you sent me in; which way, said +he, will direct you to a gentleman's house that +hath skill to take off these burdens. So I believed +him, and turned out of that way into this, if haply +I might soon be eased of my burden. But, when +I came to this place, and beheld things as they are, +I stopped for fear (as I said) of danger; but I now +know not what to do.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> Then said Evangelist, "Stand still a +little, that I may show thee the words of God."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> +So he stood trembling. Then said Evangelist, +"God says in his book, 'See that ye refuse not him +that speaketh; for if they escaped not who refused +him that spake on earth, much more shall not we +escape, if we turn away from Him that speaketh +from heaven.' He said, moreover, 'Now, the +righteous man shall live by faith in God, but if any +man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in +him.'" He also did thus apply them: "Thou art +the man that art running into misery; thou hast +begun to reject the counsel of the Most High, and +to draw back thy foot from the way of peace, even +almost to the danger of thy everlasting ruin."</p> + +<p>Then Christian fell down at his feet as dead, +crying, "Woe is me, for I am undone!" At the +sight of which Evangelist caught him by the right +hand, saying, "All manner of sin and evil words +shall be forgiven unto men." "Be not faithless, +but believing." Then did Christian again a little +revive, and stood up trembling, as at first, before +Evangelist.</p> + +<p>Then Evangelist proceeded, saying, "Give more +earnest heed to the things that I shall tell thee of. +I will now show thee who it was that led thee +astray, and who it was also to whom he sent thee. +That man that met thee is one Worldly Wiseman; +and rightly is he so called; partly because he seeks +only for the things of this world (therefore he +always goes to the town of Morality to church), +and partly because he loveth that way best, for it +saveth him from the Cross; and because he is of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> +this evil temper, therefore he seeketh to turn you +from my way though it is the right way.</p> + +<p>"He to whom thou wast sent for ease, being by +name Legality, is not able to set thee free from +thy burden. No man was as yet ever rid of his +burden by him; no, nor ever is like to be: ye +cannot be set right by any such plan. Therefore, +Mr. Worldly Wiseman is an enemy, and Mr. +Legality is a cheat; and, for his son Civility, notwithstanding +his simpering looks, he is but a fraud +and cannot help thee. Believe me, there is +nothing in all this noise that thou hast heard of +these wicked men, but a design to rob thee of thy +salvation, by turning thee from the way in which +I had set thee." After this, Evangelist called +aloud to the heavens for proof of what he had said; +and with that there came words and fire out of the +mountain under which poor Christian stood, which +made the hair of his flesh stand up. The words +were thus spoken: "As many as are of the works +of the law are under the curse."</p> + +<p>Now, Christian looked for nothing but death, +and began to cry out lamentably; even cursing +the time in which he met with Mr. Worldly Wiseman; +still calling himself a thousand fools for +listening to his counsel. He also was greatly +ashamed to think that this gentleman's arguments +should have the power with him so far as to cause +him to forsake the right way. This done, he +spoke again to Evangelist, in words and sense +as follows:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris</span>. Sir, what think you? Is there any +hope? May I now go back, and go up to the +wicket-gate? Shall I not be abandoned for this, +and sent back from thence ashamed? I am sorry +I have hearkened to this man's counsel; but may +my sins be forgiven?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> Then said Evangelist to him, "Thy sin +is very great, for by it thou hast committed two +evils; thou hast forsaken the way that is good, to +tread in forbidden paths. Yet will the man at +the gate receive thee, for he has good will for men; +only," said he, "take heed that thou turn not +aside again, lest thou perish from the way, when +his anger is kindled but a little."</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER II.</h2> + + +<p>Then did Christian begin to go back to the +right road; and Evangelist, after he had +kissed him, gave him one smile, and bid him +God speed; so he went on with haste, neither +spake he to any man by the way; nor, if any asked +him, would he give them an answer. He went +like one that was all the while treading on forbidden +ground, and could by no means think himself +safe, till again he was got in the way which +he had left to follow Mr. Worldly Wiseman's +counsel: so after a time, Christian got up to the +gate. Now, over the gate there was written, +"Knock, and it shall be opened unto you."</p> + +<p>He knocked, therefore, more than once or twice, +saying:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"May I now enter here? Will He within</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Open to sorry me, though I have been</span><br /> +<span class="i0">An undeserving rebel? Then shall I</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Not fail to sing His lasting praise on high."</span> +</div> + +<div class="sidenote">GOODWILL OPENS THE GATE</div> + +<p>At last there came a grave person to the gate +named Goodwill, who asked who was there, and +whence he came, and what he would have?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Here is a poor burdened sinner. I come +from the City of Destruction, but am going to +Mount Zion, that I may be set free from the wrath +to come; I would therefore, sir, since I am told<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> +that by this gate is the way thither, know, if you +are willing to let me in.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> "I am willing with all my heart," said +he; and, with that, he opened the gate.</p> + +<p>So, when Christian was stepping in, the other +gave him a pull. Then said Christian, "What +means that?" The other told him, "A little distance +from this gate there is erected a strong +castle, of which Beelzebub, the Evil One, is the +captain; from whence both he and they that are +with him shoot arrows at those that come up to +this gate, if haply they may die before they can +enter in." Then said Christian, "I rejoice and +tremble." So when he was got in, the man of the +gate asked him who directed him thither.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Evangelist bid me come hither and +knock, as I did; and he said that you, sir, would +tell me what I must do.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> An open door is set before thee, and no +man can shut it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Now I begin to reap the benefit of the +trouble which I have taken.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> But how is it that you came alone?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Because none of my neighbors saw their +danger, as I saw mine.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> Did any of them know you were coming?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, my wife and children saw me at +the first, and called after me to turn again; also +some of my neighbors stood crying and calling +after me to return; but I put my fingers in my +ears, and so came on my way.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span><span class="smcap">Good.</span> But did none of them follow you, to +persuade you to go back?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, both Obstinate and Pliable: but, +when they saw that they could not prevail, +Obstinate went railing back, but Pliable came +with me a little way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> But why did he not come through?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> We indeed came both together until we +came to the Slough of Despond, into the which we +also suddenly fell. And then was my neighbor +Pliable discouraged, and would not venture +farther. Wherefore, getting out again on the side +next his own house, he told me I should win the +brave country alone for him: so he went his way, +and I came mine; he after Obstinate, and I to +this gate.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> Then said Goodwill, "Alas, poor man! +is the heavenly glory of so little worth with him, +that he counteth it not worth running the risk of a +few difficulties to obtain it?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Truly," said Christian, "I have said +the truth of Pliable; and if I should also say the +truth of myself, it will appear there is not betterment +betwixt him and myself. 'Tis true, he went +on back to his own house; but I also turned aside +to go into the way of death, being persuaded +thereto by the words of one Mr. Worldly Wiseman."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> Oh! did he light upon you? What! he +would have had you seek for ease at the hands of +Mr. Legality! They are both of them a very +cheat. But did you take his counsel?</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, as far as I durst. I went to find +out Mr. Legality, until I thought that the mountain +that stands by his house would have fallen +upon my head: wherefore there I was forced to +stop.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> That mountain has been the death of +many, and will be the death of many more; it is +well you escaped being by it dashed in pieces.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, truly, I do not know what had +become of me there, had not Evangelist happily +met me again as I was musing in the midst of my +dumps; but it was God's mercy that he came to +me again, for else I had never come hither. But +now I am come, such a one as I am, more fit indeed +for death by that mountain, than thus to stand +talking with my Lord. But, oh! what a favor +this is to me, that yet I am to enter here!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> We make no objections against any, +notwithstanding all that they have done before +they come hither; they in no wise are cast out. +And therefore, good Christian, come a little with +me, and I will teach thee about the way thou must +go. Look before thee: dost thou see this narrow +way? That is the way thou must go. It was +cast up by the men of old, prophets, Christ and +His apostles, and it is as straight as a rule can +make it: this is the way thou must go.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "But," said Christian, "are there no +turnings nor windings by which a stranger may +lose his way?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Good.</span> "Yes, there are many ways butt down<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> +upon this, and they are crooked and wide; but +thus thou mayest distinguish the right from the +wrong, the right only being straight and narrow."</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream, that Christian asked +him further if he could not help him off with his +burden that was upon his back. For as yet he +had not got rid thereof, nor could he by any means +get it off without help.</p> + +<p>He told him, "As to thy burden, be content to +bear it until thou comest to the place of deliverance; +for there it will fall from thy back of itself."</p> + +<p>Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and +to turn again to his journey.</p> + +<p>So the other told him that as soon as he was +gone some distance from the gate, he would come +at the house of the Interpreter, at whose door he +should knock, and he would show him excellent +things. Then Christian took his leave of his +friend, and he again bid him God speed.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">House of the Interpreter</div> + +<p>Then he went on till he came to the house of the +Interpreter, where he knocked over and over. +At last one came to the door, and asked who was +there.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Sir, here is a traveler who was bid by +a friend of the good man of this house to call here +for his benefit; I would therefore speak with the +master of the house.</p> + +<p>So he called for the master of the house, who, +after a little time, came to Christian, and asked +him what he would have.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Sir," said Christian, "I am a man that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> +am come from the City of Destruction, and am +going to Mount Zion; and I was told by the man +that stands at the gate at the head of this way, +that, if I called here, you would show me excellent +things, such as would be helpful to me on my +journey."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> Then said the Interpreter, "Come in; +I will show thee that which will be profitable to +thee." So he commanded his man to light the +candle, and bid Christian follow him; so he led +him into a private room, and bid his man open a +door; the which when he had done, Christian saw +the picture of a very grave person hung up against +the wall; and this was the fashion of it: it had +eyes lifted up to heaven, the best of books in its +hand, the law of truth was written upon its lips, +the world was behind its back; it stood as if it +pleaded with men, and a crown of gold did hang +over its head.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian, "What meaneth +this?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> The man whose picture this is, is one of +a thousand. He can say, in the words of the +apostle Paul, "Though ye have ten thousand +teachers in Christ, yet have you not many fathers; +for in Christ Jesus I have been your father through +the Gospel." And whereas thou seest him with +his eyes lifted up to heaven, the best of books in +his hand, and the law of truth writ on his lips, it is +to show thee that his work is to know and unfold +dark things to sinners; even as also thou seest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> +him stand as if he pleaded with men. And +whereas thou seest the world is cast behind him, +and that a crown hangs over his head; that is to +show thee that, slighting and despising the things +that are in the world, for the love that he hath to +his Master's service, he is sure in the world that +comes next to have glory for his reward. Now, +said the Interpreter, I have showed thee this +picture first, because the man whose picture this +is, is the only man whom the Lord of the place +whither thou art going hath chosen to be thy +guide, in all difficult places thou mayest meet with +in thy way; wherefore take good heed to what +I have showed thee, and bear well in thy mind +what thou hast seen, lest in thy journey thou meet +with some that pretend to lead thee right, but +their way goes down to death.</p> + +<p>Then he took him by the hand, and led him into +a very large parlor, that was full of dust, because +never swept; the which after he had looked at it +a little while, the Interpreter called for a man to +sweep. Now, when he began to sweep, the dust +began so abundantly to fly about that Christian +had almost therewith been choked. Then said +the Interpreter to a girl that stood by, "Bring +hither water, and sprinkle the room;" the which +when she had done, it was swept and cleansed +with ease.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian, "What means +this?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> The Interpreter answered, "This parlor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> +is the heart of a man that was never made pure by +the sweet grace of the Gospel. The dust is his sin, +and inward evils that have defiled the whole man. +He that began to sweep at first is the law; but +she that brought water, and did sprinkle it, is the +Gospel. Now, whereas thou sawest that, as soon +as the first began to sweep, the dust did fly so +about that the room could not by him be cleansed, +but that thou wast almost choked therewith; +this is to show thee, that the law, instead of +cleansing the heart (by its working) from sin, doth +revive, put strength into, and increase it in the +soul, even as it doth discover and forbid it, for it +doth not give power to overcome. Again, as thou +sawest the girl sprinkle the room with water, upon +which it was cleansed with ease; this is to show +thee, that when the Gospel comes, in the sweet +and gracious power thereof, to the heart, then, I +say, even as thou sawest the maiden lay the dust +by sprinkling the floor with water, so is sin vanquished +and subdued, and the soul made clean +through the faith of it, and, consequently, fit for +the King of Glory to dwell in."</p> + +<p>I saw moreover in my dream, that the Interpreter +took him by the hand, and led him into a +little room where sat two little children, each one +in his own chair. The name of the eldest was +Passion, and the name of the other Patience. +Passion seemed to be much discontented, but +Patience was very quiet. The Christian asked, +"What is the reason of the discontent of Passion?"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> +The Interpreter answered, "The governor of them +would have him stay for his best things till the +beginning of next year; but he will have all now. +Patience is willing to wait."</p> + +<p>Then I saw that one came to Passion, and +brought him a bag of treasure, and poured it down +at his feet; the which he took up, and rejoiced +therein, and withal laughed Patience to scorn. +But I beheld but awhile, and he had wasted all +away, and had nothing left him but rags.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian to the Interpreter, +"Explain this matter more fully to me."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> So he said, "These two lads are pictures: +Passion, of the men of this world; and Patience, +of the men of that which is to come: for, as here +thou seest, Passion will have all now, this year, +that is to say in this world; so are the men of this +world; they must have all their good things now; +they cannot stay till the next year, that is, until +the next world, for their portion of good. That +proverb, 'A bird in the hand is worth two in the +bush,' is of more weight with them than all the +words in the Bible of the good of the world to +come. But, as thou sawest that he had quickly +wasted all away, and had presently left him +nothing but rags, so will it be with all such men at +the end of this world."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian, "Now I see that +Patience has the best wisdom, and that upon +many accounts. 1. Because he stays for the best +things. 2. And also because he will have the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> +glory of his when the other has nothing but rags."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> Nay, you may add another; this, the +glory of the next world will never wear out; but +these are suddenly gone. Therefore Passion had +not so much reason to laugh at Patience because +he had his good things at first, as Patience will +have to laugh at Passion, because he had his best +things last; for first must give place to last, +because last must have his time to come; but last +gives place to nothing, for there is not another to +succeed: he, therefore, that hath his portion first, +must needs have a time to spend it; but he that +hath his portion last, must have it lastingly.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then I see it is not best to covet things +that are now, but to wait for things to come.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> You say truth; "for the things that are +seen soon pass away, but the things that are not +seen endure forever."</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream, that the Interpreter +took Christian by the hand and led him into a +place where was a fire burning against a wall, and +one standing by it, always casting much water +upon it, to quench it; yet did the fire burn higher +and hotter.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian, "What means +this?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> The Interpreter answered, "This fire is +the work of God that is wrought in the heart: he +that casts water upon it to extinguish and put it +out, is the devil; but, in that thou seest the fire +notwithstanding burn higher and hotter, thou<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> +shalt also see the reason of that." So then he led +him about to the other side of the wall, where he +saw a man with a vessel of oil in his hand, of the +which he did also continually cast, but secretly, +into the fire.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian, "What means +this?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> The Interpreter answered, "This is +Christ, who continually, with the oil of His grace, +helps the work already begun in the heart; by the +means of which notwithstanding what the devil +can do, the souls of His people prove gracious still. +And in that thou sawest that the man stood +behind the wall to keep up the fire; this is to +teach thee, that it is hard for the tempted to see +how this work of grace is kept alive in the soul."</p> + +<p>I saw also that the Interpreter took him again +by the hand, and led him into a pleasant place, +where was built a stately palace, beautiful to +behold, at the sight of which Christian was greatly +delighted. He saw also upon the top thereof +certain persons walking, who were clothed all in gold.</p> + +<p>Then said Christian, "May we go in thither?"</p> + +<p>Then the Interpreter took him and led him up +toward the door of the palace; and behold, at the +door stood a great company of men, as desirous +to go in, but durst not. There also sat a man at +a little distance from the door, at a table-side, with +a book and his ink-horn before him, to take the +name of him that should enter therein; he saw +also that in the doorway stood many men in armor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> +to keep it, being resolved to do to the men that +would enter what hurt and mischief they could. +Now was Christian somewhat in amaze. At last, +when every man started back for fear of the +armed men, Christian saw a man of a very stout +countenance come up to the man that sat there +to write, saying, "Set down my name, sir:" the +which when he had done, he saw the man draw +his sword, and put a helmet upon his head, and +rush toward the door upon the armed men, who +laid upon him with deadly force; but the man, +not at all discouraged, fell to cutting and hacking +most fiercely. So that, after he had received and +given many wounds to those that attempted to +keep him out, he cut his way through them all and +pressed forward into the palace; at which there +was a pleasant voice heard from those that were +within, even of those that walked upon the top of +the palace, saying:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Come in, come in;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Eternal glory thou shalt win."</span><br /> +</div> + +<p>So he went in, and was clothed in such garments +as they. Then Christian smiled, and said, "I +think verily I know the meaning of this."</p> + +<p>"Now," said Christian, "let me go hence." +"Nay, stay," said the Interpreter, "until I have +showed thee a little more; and after that thou +shalt go on thy way." So he took him by the +hand again, and led him into a very dark room, +where there sat a man in an iron cage.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>Now, the man, to look on, seemed very sad. +He sat with his eyes looking down to the ground, +his hands folded together; and he sighed as if he +would break his heart. Then said Christian, +"What means this?" At which the Interpreter +bid him talk with the man.</p> + +<p>Then said Christian to the man, "What art +thou?" The man answered, "I am what I was +not once."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> What wast thou once?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Man.</span> The man said, "I was once a fair and +flourishing Christian, both in mine own eyes, and +also in the eyes of others; I was once, as I thought, +fair for the Celestial City, and had even joy at the +thoughts that I should get thither."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Well, but what art thou now?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Man.</span> I am now a man of despair, and am shut +up in it, as in this iron cage. I cannot get out. +Oh, <i>now</i> I cannot!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But how camest thou in this condition?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Man.</span> I left off to watch and be sober. I gave +free reins to sin; I sinned against the light of the +Word and the goodness of God; I have grieved +the Spirit, and He is gone; I tempted the devil, +and he has come to me; I have provoked God to +anger, and He has left me; I have so hardened +my heart that I <i>cannot</i> turn.</p> + +<p>Then said Christian to the Interpreter, "But +are there no hopes for such a man as this?" "Ask +him," said the Interpreter.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian, "Is there no hope, +but you must be kept in the iron cage of despair?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Man.</span> No, none at all.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why? the Son of the Blessed is very +pitiful.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Man.</span> I have crucified Him to myself afresh. +I have despised His person. I have despised His +holiness; I have counted His blood an unholy +thing; I have shown contempt to the Spirit of +mercy. Therefore I have shut myself out of all +the promises of God, and there now remains to me +nothing but threatenings, dreadful threatenings, +fearful threatenings of certain judgment and fiery +anger, which shall devour me as an enemy.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> For what did you bring yourself into +this condition?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Man.</span> For the desires, pleasures, and gains of +this world; in the enjoyment of which I did then +promise myself much delight; but now every one +of those things also bite me, and gnaw me, like a +burning worm.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But canst thou not now turn again to God?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Man.</span> God no longer invites me to come to Him. +His Word gives me no encouragement to believe; +yea, Himself hath shut me up in this iron cage; +nor can all the men in the world let me out. +O eternity! eternity! how shall I grapple with the +misery that I must meet with in eternity?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> Then said the Interpreter to Christian, +"Let this man's misery be remembered by thee, +and be an everlasting caution to thee."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE DREAM OF THE JUDGMENT</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Well," said Christian, "this is fearful! +God help me to watch and be sober, and to pray, +that I may shun the cause of this man's misery. +Sir, is it not time for me to go on my way now?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> Tarry till I show thee one thing more, +and then thou shalt go on thy way.</p> + +<p>So he took Christian by the hand again, and led +him into a chamber, where there was one rising +out of bed; and, as he put on his clothing, he +shook and trembled. Then said Christian, "Why +doth this man thus tremble?" The Interpreter +then bid him tell to Christian the reason of his so +doing. So he began, and said, "This night, as I +was in my sleep, I dreamed, and behold, the +heavens grew exceeding black; also it thundered +and lightened in most fearful manner, that it put +me into an agony. So I looked up in my dream, +and saw the clouds rack at an unusual rate; upon +which I heard a great sound of a trumpet, and saw +also a Man sitting upon a cloud, attended with the +thousands of heaven; they were all in flaming fire; +also the heavens were in a burning flame. I heard +then a great voice saying, 'Arise, ye dead, and +come to judgment.' And with that the rocks +rent, the graves opened, and the dead that were +therein came forth: some of them were exceeding +glad, and looked upward; and some thought to +hide themselves under the mountains. Then I +saw the Man that sat upon the cloud open the book +and bid the world draw near. Yet there was, by +reason of a fierce flame that issued out and came<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> +before Him, a certain distance betwixt Him and +them, as betwixt the judge and the prisoners at +the bar. I heard it also called out to them that +stood around on the Man that sat on the cloud, +'Gather together the tares, the chaff, and stubble, +and cast them into the burning lake. And, with +that, the bottomless pit opened, just whereabout +I stood; out of the mouth of which there came, +in an abundant manner, smoke and coals of fire, +with hideous noises. It was also said to the same +persons, 'Gather my wheat into the garner.' +And, with that, I saw many catched up and +carried away into the clouds; but I was left +behind. I also sought to hide myself, but I could +not; for the Man that sat upon the cloud still kept +His eye upon me; my sins also came into my mind, +and my conscience did accuse me on every side. +Upon this I awakened from my sleep."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But what was it that made you so afraid +of this sight?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Man.</span> Why I thought that the day of judgment +was come, and that I was not ready for it. But +this affrighted me most, that the angels gathered +up several, and left me behind; also the pit of hell +opened her mouth just where I stood. My conscience, +too, troubled me; and, as I thought, the +judge had always His eye upon me, showing anger +in His countenance.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> Then said the Interpreter to Christian, +"Hast thou considered these things?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes; and they put me in hope and fear.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> Well, keep all things so in thy mind, +that they may be as a goad in thy sides, to prick +thee forward in the way thou must go.</p> + +<p>Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to +address himself to his journey. Then said the +Interpreter, "The Comforter be always with thee, +good Christian, to guide thee into the way that +leads to the city."</p> + +<p>So Christian went on his way, saying:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Here have I seen things rare and profitable;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Things pleasant, dreadful; things to make me stable</span><br /> +<span class="i0">In what I have begun to take in hand:</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Then let me think on them, and understand</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Wherefore they showed me where; and let me be</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Thankful, O good Interpreter, to thee."</span> +</div> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER III.</h2> + + +<p>Now, I saw in my dream that the highway +up which Christian was to go was fenced +on either side with a wall that was called +Salvation. Up this way, therefore, did burdened +Christian run, but not without great difficulty, +because of the load on his back.</p> + +<p>He ran thus till he came to a place somewhat +ascending; and upon that place stood a Cross, and +a little below, in the bottom, a tomb. So I saw +in my dream, that just as Christian came up with +the cross, his burden loosed from off his shoulders, +and fell from off his back, and began to tumble, +and so continued to do till it came to the mouth +of the tomb, where it fell in, and I saw it no more.<a name="Cross" id="Cross"></a></p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i_057.jpg" width="400" height="604" alt="Christian Before the Cross." title="Christian Before the Cross." /> +<span class="caption">Christian Before the Cross.<br /> +<small>See page 50</small></span> +</div> + +<p>Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and +said with a merry heart, "He hath given me rest +by His sorrow, and life by His death." Then he +stood still awhile to look and wonder; for it was +very surprising to him that the sight of the cross +should thus ease him of his burden. He looked, +therefore, and looked again, even till the springs +that were in his head sent the water down his +cheeks. Now, as he stood looking and weeping, +behold, three Shining Ones came to him, and +saluted him with "Peace be to thee." So the first +said to him, "Thy sins be forgiven thee;" the +second stripped him of his rags, and clothed him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> +with a change of garments; the third also set a +mark on his forehead, and gave him a roll with a +seal upon it, which he bade him look on as he ran, +and that he should give it in at the heavenly gate; +so they went their way. Then Christian gave +three leaps for joy, and went on, singing:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Thus far did I come laden with my sin;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Nor could aught ease the grief that I was in,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Till I came hither; what a place is this!</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Must here be the beginning of my bliss?</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Must here the burden fall from off my back?</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Must here the strings that bound it to me crack?</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Blest cross! blest sepulchre! blest rather be</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The Man that was there put to shame for me!"</span> +</div> + +<div class="sidenote">SIMPLE, SLOTH, PRESUMPTION</div> + +<p>I saw then in my dream that he went on thus, +even until he came to the bottom, where he saw, +a little out of the way, three men fast asleep, with +fetters upon their heels. The name of one was +Simple, of another Sloth, and of the third Presumption.</p> + +<p>Christian, then, seeing them lie in this case, +went to them, if perhaps he might awake them, +and cried, "You are like them that sleep on the +top of a mast; for the deep sea is under you, a gulf +that hath no bottom: awake, therefore, and come +away; be willing, also, and I will help you off with +your irons." He also told them, "If he that goeth +about like a roaring lion comes by, you will certainly +become a prey to his teeth." With that +they looked upon him, and began to reply in this +sort: Simple said, "I see no danger." Sloth said,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> +"Yet a little more sleep." And Presumption said, +"Every tub must stand upon his own bottom." +And so they lay down to sleep again, and Christian +went on his way.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">FORMALIST AND HYPOCRISY</div> + +<p>Yet was he troubled to think that men in that +danger should so little care for the kindness of him +that so offered to help them, both by awakening +of them, advising them, and offering to help them +off with their irons. And, as he was troubled +thereabout, he espied two men come tumbling over +the wall on the left hand of the narrow way; and +they made up apace to him. The name of one +was Formalist, and the name of the other was +Hypocrisy. So, as I said, they drew up unto +him, who thus began talking with them:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Gentlemen, whence came you, and +whither go you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Form.</span> and <span class="smcap">Hyp.</span> We were born in the land of +Vain-glory, and are going for praise to Mount +Zion.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why came you not in at the gate which +standeth at the beginning of the way? Know ye +not that it is written, "He that cometh not in by +the door, but climbeth up some other way, the +same is a thief and a robber?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Form.</span> and <span class="smcap">Hyp.</span> They said that to go to the +gate for entrance was, by all their countrymen, +counted too far about; and that therefore their +usual way was to make a short cut of it, and to +climb over the wall as they had done.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But will it not be counted a trespass<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> +against the Lord of the city whither we are bound, +thus to disobey His will?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Form.</span> and <span class="smcap">Hyp.</span> They told him, that as for +that, he needed not trouble his head thereabout; +for what they did they had custom for, and could +show, if need were, testimony that could prove it +for more than a thousand years.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "But," said Christian, "will it stand a +trial at law?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Form.</span> and <span class="smcap">Hyp.</span> They told him that custom, it +being of so long standing as above a thousand +years, would doubtless now be admitted as a thing +according to law by a fair judge. "And besides," +said they, "if we get into the way, what matter is +it which way we may get in? If we are in, we are +in: thou art but in the way, who, as we perceive, +came in at the gate; and we are also in the way, +that came tumbling over the wall: wherein, now, +is thy condition better than ours?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I walk by the rule of my Master; you +walk by the rude working of your fancies. You +are counted thieves already by the Lord of the +way; therefore I doubt you will not be found true +men at the end of the way. You come in by +yourselves without His word, and shall go out by +yourselves without His mercy.</p> + +<p>To this they made him but little answer; only +they bid him look to himself. Then I saw that +they went on every man in his way, without much +talking one with another; save that these two men +told Christian, that, as to law and rules, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> +doubted not but that they should as carefully do +them as he. "Therefore," said they, "we see not +wherein thou differest from us, but by the coat +which is on thy back, which was, as we believe +given thee by some of thy neighbors to hide the +shame of thy nakedness."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> By laws and rules you will not be saved, +since you came not in by the door. And as for +this coat that is on my back, it was given to me by +the Lord of the place whither I go; and that, as +you say, to cover my nakedness with. And I take +it as a token of His kindness to me; for I had +nothing but rags before. And besides, thus I comfort +myself as I go. Surely, think I, when I come +to the gate of the city, the Lord thereof will know +me for good, since I have His coat on my back; +a coat that He gave me freely in the day that He +stripped me of my rags. I have moreover, a mark +in my forehead, of which perhaps you have taken +no notice, which one of my Lord's most intimate +friends fixed there the day that my burden fell off +my shoulders. I will tell you, moreover, that I +had then given me a roll sealed, to comfort me +by reading as I go in the way; I was also bid to +give it in at the heavenly gate, in token of my +certain going in after it; all which things, I doubt, +you want, and want them because you came not in +at the gate.</p> + +<p>To these things they gave him no answer; only +they looked upon each other, and laughed. Then +I saw that they went on all, save that Christian<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> +kept before, who had no more talk but with himself, +and sometimes sighingly, and sometimes +comfortably; also he would be often reading in +the roll that one of the Shining Ones gave him, by +which he was refreshed.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE HILL OF DIFFICULTY</div> + +<p>I beheld then that they all went on till they +came to the foot of the Hill Difficulty, at the bottom +of which was a spring. There were also in +the same place two other ways, besides that which +came straight from the gate; one turned to the +left hand, and the other to the right, at the bottom +of the hill; but the narrow way lay right up the +hill, and the name of that going up the side of the +hill is called Difficulty. Christian now went to +the spring, and drank thereof to refresh himself, +and then began to go up the hill, saying:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"The hill, though high, I covet to ascend;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The difficulty will not me offend,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">For I perceive the way to life lies here.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Come, pluck up, heart, let's neither faint nor fear.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Better, though <i>difficult</i>, the right way to go,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Than wrong, though <i>easy</i>, where the end is woe."</span> +</div> + +<p>The other two also came to the foot of the hill. +But when they saw that the hill was steep and +high, and that there were two other ways to go; +and supposing also that these two ways might +meet again with that up which Christian went, on +the other side of the hill; therefore they were +resolved to go in those ways. Now, the name of +one of those ways was Danger, and the name of +the other Destruction. So the one took the way<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> +which is called Danger, which led him into a great +wood; and the other took directly up the way to +destruction, which led him into a wide field, full +of dark mountains, where he stumbled and fell, +and rose no more.</p> + +<p>I looked then after Christian, to see him go up +the hill, where I perceived he fell from running to +going, and from going to clambering upon his +hands and his knees, because of the steepness of +the place. Now, about the midway to the top of +the hill was a pleasant arbor, made by the Lord of +the hill for the refreshment of weary travelers. +Thither, therefore, Christian got, where also he +sat down to rest him; then he pulled his roll out +of his bosom, and read therein to his comfort; he +also now began afresh to take a review of the coat +or garment that was given him as he stood by the +cross. Thus pleasing himself a while, he at last +fell into a slumber, and thence into a fast sleep, +which detained him in that place until it was +almost night; and in his sleep his roll fell out of +his hand. Now, as he was sleeping, there came +one to him, and awaked him, saying, "Go to the +ant, thou sluggard;<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> consider her ways, and +be wise." And, with that, Christian suddenly +started up, and sped on his way, and went apace +till he came to the top of the hill.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">TIMOROUS AND MISTRUST</div> + +<p>Now, when he was got up to the top of the hill, +there came two men running amain: the name of +the one was Timorous, and of the other Mistrust;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> +to whom Christian said, "Sirs, what's the matter? +You run the wrong way." Timorous answered, +that they were going to the city of Zion, and had +got up that difficult place: "but," said he, "the +farther we go, the more danger we meet with; +wherefore we turned, and are going back again."</p> + +<p>"Yes," said Mistrust, "for just before us lie a +couple of lions in the way, whether sleeping or +waking we know not; and we could not think, if +we came within reach, but they would presently +pull us in pieces."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian, "You make me +afraid; but whither shall I fly to be safe? If I go +back to my own country, that is prepared for fire +and brimstone, and I shall certainly perish there; +if I can get to the Celestial City, I am sure to be in +safety there: I must venture. To go back is +nothing but death; to go forward is fear of death, +and life everlasting beyond it. I will yet go forward." +So Mistrust and Timorous ran down the +hill, and Christian went on his way. But, thinking +again of what he heard from the men, he felt in +his bosom for his roll, and found it not. Then was +Christian in great distress, and knew not what to +do; for he wanted that which used to comfort +him, and that which should have been his pass +into the Celestial City. Here, therefore, he began +to be greatly troubled, and knew not what to do. +At last he bethought himself that he had slept in +the arbor that is on the side of the hill; and, falling +down upon his knees, he asked God's forgiveness<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> +for that his foolish act, and then went back to look +for his roll. But all the way he went back, who +can sufficiently set forth the sorrow of Christian's +heart? Sometimes he sighed, sometimes he wept, +and oftentimes he blamed himself for being so +foolish to fall asleep in that place, which was +erected only for a little refreshment from his +weariness. Thus, therefore, he went back, carefully +looking on this side and on that, all the way +as he went, if happily he might find his roll that +had been his comfort so many times in his journey. +He went thus till he came again within sight of the +arbor where he sat and slept; but that sight +renewed his sorrow the more, by bringing again, +even afresh, his evil of sleeping into his mind. +Thus, therefore, he now went on, bewailing his +sinful sleep, saying, "O wretched man that I am, +that I should sleep in the day-time; that I should +sleep in the midst of difficulty! that I should so +indulge myself, as to use that rest for ease to my +flesh which the Lord of the hill hath builded only +for the relief of the spirits of pilgrims! How many +steps have I taken in vain! Thus it happened to +Israel; for their sin they were sent back again by +the way of the Red Sea; and I am made to tread +those steps with sorrow which I might have trod +with delight, had it not been for this sinful sleep. +How far might I have been on my way by this +time! I am made to tread those steps thrice +over which I needed not to have trod but +once; yea, also, now I am like to be benighted,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> +for the day is almost spent. Oh that I had not +slept!"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIAN RECOVERS HIS ROLL</div> + +<p>Now, by this time he was come to the arbor +again, where for awhile he sat down and wept; +but at last (as Providence would have it), looking +sorrowfully down under the settle, there he espied +his roll, the which he, with trembling and haste, +caught up, and put it into his bosom. But who +can tell how joyful this man was when he had +got his roll again? for this roll was the assurance +of his life and acceptance at the desired haven. +Therefore he laid it up in his bosom, giving thanks +to God for directing his eye to the place where it +lay, and with joy and tears betook himself again +to his journey. But oh, how nimbly now did he +go up the rest of the hill! Yet, before he got up, +the sun went down upon Christian; and this made +him again recall the folly of his sleeping to his +remembrance; and thus he began again to condole +with himself, "Oh, thou sinful sleep! how for +thy sake am I like to be benighted in my journey. +I must walk without the sun, darkness must cover +the path of my feet, and I must hear the noise of +the doleful creatures, because of my sinful sleep." +Now also he remembered the story that Mistrust +and Timorous told him, of how they were frighted +with the sight of the lions. Then said Christian +to himself again, "These beasts range in the night +for their prey; and if they should meet with me +in the dark, how should I avoid them? how should +I escape being torn in pieces?" Thus he went on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> +his way. But, while he was thus bewailing his +unhappy mistake, he lifted up his eyes, and behold +there was a very stately palace before him, the +name of which was Beautiful, and it stood just by +the highway side.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">WATCHFUL THE PORTER</div> + +<p>So I saw in my dream that he made haste, and +went forward, that, if possible, he might get +lodging there. Now, before he had gone far, he +entered into a very narrow passage, which was +about a furlong off the Porter's lodge; and looking +very narrowly before him as he went, he espied +two lions in the way. Now, thought he, I see the +dangers by which Mistrust and Timorous were +driven back. (The lions were chained, but he saw +not the chains). Then he was afraid, and thought +also himself to go back after them; for he thought +nothing but death was before him. But the +Porter at the lodge, whose name is Watchful, perceiving +that Christian made a halt as if he would +go back, cried out unto him, saying, "Is thy +strength so small? fear not the lions, for they are +chained, and are placed there for the trial of faith +where it is, and for the finding out of those that +have none: keep in the midst of the path, and no +hurt shall come unto thee."</p> + +<p>Then I saw that he went on trembling for fear +of the lions; but, taking good heed to the words +of the Porter, he heard them roar, but they did +him no harm. Then he clapped his hands, and +went on till he came and stood before the gate +where the Porter was. Then said Christian to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> +the Porter, "Sir, what house is this? and may I +lodge here to-night?"</p> + +<p>The Porter answered, "This house was built by +the Lord of the hill, and He built it for the relief +and security of pilgrims." The Porter also asked +whence he was, and whither he was going.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I am come from the City of Destruction, +and am going to Mount Zion; but, because the sun +is now set, I desire, if I may, to lodge here to-night.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Port.</span> What is your name?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> My name is now Christian, but my name +at the first was Graceless.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Port.</span> But how doth it happen that you come +so late? The sun is set.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I had been here sooner, but that, +wretched man that I am, I slept in the arbor that +stands on the hill-side. Nay, I had, notwithstanding +that, been here much sooner, but that in +my sleep I lost my roll, and came without it to the +brow of the hill; and then, feeling for it and finding +it not, I was forced with sorrow of heart to go +back to the place where I slept my sleep, where I +found it; and now I am come.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Port.</span> Well, I will call out one of the women of +this place, who will, if she likes your talk, bring +you in to the rest of the family, according to the +rules of the house.</p> + +<p>So Watchful the Porter rang a bell, at the sound +of which came out of the door of the house a grave +and beautiful young woman, named Discretion, +and asked why she was called.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span>The Porter answered, "This man is on a journey +from the City of Destruction to Mount Zion; but, +being weary and benighted, he asked me if he +might lodge here to-night; so I told him I would +call for thee, who, after speaking with him, mayest +do as seemeth thee good, even according to the +law of the house."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">PIETY, PRUDENCE, CHARITY</div> + +<p>Then she asked him whence he was, and whither +he was going; and he told her. She asked him +also how he got into the way; and he told her. +Then she asked him what he had seen and met +with on the way; and he told her. And at last +she asked his name. So he said, "It is Christian; +and I have so much the more a desire to lodge here +to-night, because, by what I perceive, this place +was built by the Lord of the hill for the relief and +safety of pilgrims." So she smiled, but the water +stood in her eyes; and after a little pause, she +said, "I will call forth two or three of my family." +So she ran to the door, and called out Prudence, +Piety, and Charity, who, after a little more discourse +with him brought him in to the family; and +many of them, meeting him at the threshold of +the house, said, "Come in, thou blessed of the +Lord: this house was built by the Lord of the hill +on purpose to entertain such pilgrims in." Then +he bowed his head, and followed them into the +house. So, when he was come in and sat down, +they gave him something to drink, and agreed +together, that, until supper was ready, some of +them should talk with Christian, for the best use<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> +of the time; and they appointed Piety, Prudence, +and Charity to talk with him; and thus they +began:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Piety.</span> Come, good Christian since we have been +so loving to you to receive you into our house this +night, let us, if perhaps we may better ourselves +thereby, talk with you of all things that have +happened to you in your pilgrimage.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> With a very good will, and I am glad +that you are so well disposed.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Piety.</span> What moved you at first to betake +yourself to a pilgrim's life?</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIAN'S ADVENTURES</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I was driven out of my native country +by a dreadful sound that was in mine ears; to wit, +that certain destruction did await me, if I abode +in that place where I was.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Piety.</span> But how did it happen that you came +out of your country this way?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> It was as God would have it; for, when +I was under the fears of destruction, I did not +know whither to go; but by chance there came a +man even to me, as I was trembling and weeping, +whose name is Evangelist, and he directed me to +the wicket-gate, which else I should never have +found, and so set me in the way that hath led me +directly to this house.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Piety.</span> But did you not come by the house of +the Interpreter?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, and did see such things there, the +remembrance of which will stick by me as long as +I live, especially three things; to wit, how Christ,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +in despite of Satan, the Evil One maintains His +work of grace in the heart; how the man had +sinned himself quite out of hopes of God's mercy; +and also the dream of him that thought in his +sleep the day of judgment was come.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Piety.</span> Why? did you hear him tell his dream?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, and a dreadful one it was, I thought +it made my heart ache as he was telling of it; but +yet I am glad I heard of it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Piety.</span> Was that all you saw at the house of the +Interpreter?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> No; he took me, and had me where he +showed me a stately palace; and how the people +were clad in gold that were in it; and how there +came a venturous man, and cut his way through +the armed men that stood in the door to keep him +out; and how he was bid to come in and win +eternal glory. Methought those things did delight +my heart. I would have stayed at that good +man's house a twelvemonth, but that I knew I +had farther to go.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Piety.</span> And what saw you else in the way?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Saw? Why, I went but a little farther, +and I saw One, as I thought in my mind, hang +bleeding upon a tree; and the very sight of Him +made my burden fall off my back; for I groaned +under a very heavy burden, and then it fell down +from off me. It was a strange thing to me, for I +never saw such a thing before; yea, and while I +stood looking up (for then I could not forbear +looking), three Shining Ones came to me. One of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> +them told me that my sins were forgiven me; +another stripped me of my rags, and gave me this +broidered coat which you see; and the third set +the mark which you see in my forehead, and gave +me this sealed roll. (And, with that, he plucked +it out of his bosom.)</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Piety.</span> But you saw more than this, did you +not?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> The things that I have told you were +the best; yet some other matters I saw; as namely +I saw three men, Simple, Sloth, and Presumption, +lie asleep, a little out of the way as I came, with +irons upon their heels; but do you think I could +wake them? I also saw Formalist and Hypocrisy +come tumbling over the wall, to go, as they pretended, +to Zion; but they were quickly lost, even +as I myself did tell them, but they would not +believe. But, above all, I found it hard work to +get up this hill, and as hard to come by the lions' +mouths; and truly, if it had not been for the good +man the Porter, that stands at the gate, I do not +know but that, after all, I might have gone back +again; but now I thank God I am here, and I +thank you for receiving of me.</p> + +<p>Then Prudence thought good to ask him a few +questions, and desired his answer to them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pru.</span> Do you think sometimes of the country +from whence you came?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, but with much shame and detestation. +Truly, if I had been mindful of that country +from whence I came out, I might have had an<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> +opportunity to have returned; but now I desire a +better country, that is, a heavenly one.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pru.</span> Do you not yet bear away with you in +your thoughts some of the things that you did in +the former time?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, but greatly against my will; especially +my inward and sinful thoughts, with which +all my countrymen, as well as myself, were +delighted. But now all those things are my grief; +and, might I but choose mine own things, I would +choose never to think of those things more; but +when I would be doing that which is best, that +which is worst is with me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pru.</span> Do you not find sometimes as if those +things were overcome, which at other times are +your trouble?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, but that is but seldom; but they +are to me golden hours in which such things happen +to me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pru.</span> Can you remember by what means you +find your annoyances, at times, as if they were +overcome?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes; when I think what I saw at the +cross, that will do it; and when I look upon my +broidered coat, that will do it; also when I look +into the roll that I carry in my bosom, that will +do it; and when my thoughts wax warm about +whither I am going, that will do it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pru.</span> And what makes you so desirous to go to +Mount Zion?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, there I hope to see Him alive that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> +did hang dead on the cross; and there I hope to be +rid of all these things that to this day are in me an +annoyance to me. There, they say, there is no +death; and there I shall dwell with such company +as I like best. For, to tell you the truth, I love +Him because I was by Him eased of my burden; +and I am weary of my inward sickness. I would +fain be where I shall die no more, and with the +company that shall continually cry, "Holy, holy, +holy!"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHARITY TALKS WITH CHRISTIAN</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Char.</span> Then said Charity to Christian, "Have +you a family? are you a married man?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I have a wife and four small children.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Char.</span> And why did you not bring them along +with you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then Christian wept, and said, "Oh, +how willingly would I have done it! but they were +all of them utterly against my going on pilgrimage."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Char.</span> But you should have talked to them, +and endeavored to have shown them the danger +of staying behind.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> So I did, and told them also what God +had shown to me of the destruction of our city; +but I seemed to them as one that mocked, and +they believed me not.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Char.</span> And did you pray to God that He would +bless your words to them?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, and that with much affection; for +you must think that my wife and poor children +are very dear unto me.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span><span class="smcap">Char.</span> But did you tell them of your own sorrow +and fear of destruction? for I suppose that +you could see your destruction before you.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, over, and over, and over. They +might also see my fears in my countenance, in my +tears, and also in my trembling under the fear of +the judgment that did hang over our heads: but +all was not enough to prevail with them to come +with me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Char.</span> But what could they say for themselves +why they came not?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, my wife was afraid of losing this +world, and my children were given to the foolish +delights of youth; so, what by one thing, and +what by another, they left me to wander in this +manner alone.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Char.</span> But did you not, with your vain life, +hinder all that you by words used by way of persuasion +to bring them away with you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Indeed, I cannot commend my life, for +I am conscious to myself of many failings therein. +I know also, that a man, by his actions may soon +overthrow what, by proofs or persuasion, he doth +labor to fasten upon others for their good. Yet +this I can say, I was very wary of giving them +occasion, by any unseemly action, to make them +averse to going on pilgrimage. Yea, for this very +thing they would tell me I was too precise, and +that I denied myself of things (for their sakes) in +which they saw no evil. Nay, I think I may say +that, if what they saw in me did hinder them, it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> +was my great tenderness in sinning against God, +or of doing any wrong to my neighbor.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Char.</span> Indeed, Cain hated his brother because +his own works were evil, and his brother's +righteous; and, if thy wife and children have been +offended with thee for this, they thereby show +themselves to be resolutely opposed to good: thou +hast freed thy soul from their blood.</p> + +<p>Now I saw in my dream, that thus they sat +talking together till supper was ready. So, when +they had made ready, they sat down to meat. +Now, the table was furnished with fat things, and +wine that was well refined; and all their talk at +the table was about the Lord of the hill; as, +namely, about what He had done, and wherefore +He did what He did, and why He had builded that +house; and by what they said, I perceived that +He had been a great warrior, and had fought with +and slain him that had the power of death, but +not without great danger to Himself, which made +me love Him the more.</p> + +<p>For, as they said, and as I believe (said Christian), +He did it with the loss of much blood. But +that which puts the glory of grace into all He did, +was, that He did it out of pure love to this country. +And, besides, there were some of them of the +household that said they had seen and spoken with +Him since He did die on the cross; and they have +declared that they had it from His own lips, that +He is such a lover of poor pilgrims, that the like is +not to be found from the east to the west. They<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> +moreover gave an instance of what they affirmed; +and that was, He had stripped Himself of His +glory, that He might do this for the poor; and +that they had heard Him say and affirm that He +would not dwell in the mountains of Zion alone. +They said, moreover, that He had made many +pilgrims princes, though by nature they were +beggars born, and their home had been the dunghill.</p> + +<p>Thus they talked together till late at night; and +after they had committed themselves to their Lord +for protection, they betook themselves to rest. +The Pilgrim they laid in a large upper chamber, +whose window opened towards the sunrising. +The name of the chamber was Peace, where he +slept till break of day, and then he awoke and +sang:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Where am I now? Is this the love and care</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Of Jesus, for the men that pilgrims are,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Thus to provide that I should be forgiven,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And dwell already the next door to heaven?"</span> +</div> + +<div class="sidenote">THE VIRGINS READ TO CHRISTIAN</div> + +<p>So in the morning they all got up; and after +some more talking together, they told him that +he should not depart till they had shown him the +rarities of that place. And first they took him +into the study, where they showed him records of +the greatest age; in which, as I remember in my +dream, they showed him first the history of the +Lord of the hill, that He was the son of the +Ancient of Days, and had lived from the beginning. +Here also were more fully written the acts<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> +that He had done, and the names of many hundreds +that He had taken into his service; and how +he had placed them in such houses that could +neither by length of days nor decays of nature be +destroyed.</p> + +<p>Then they read to him some of the worthy acts +that some of His servants had done; as, how they +had conquered kingdoms, wrought righteousness, +obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, +quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of +the sword, out of weakness were made strong, +waxed valiant in fight, and turned to flight the +armies of the enemies.</p> + +<p>They then read again in another part of the +records of the house, where it was shown how +willing their Lord was to receive into His favor any +even any, though they in time past had done +great wrongs to His person and rule. Here also +were several other histories of many other famous +things, of all which Christian had a view; as of +things both ancient and modern, together with +prophecies and foretellings of things that surely +come to pass, both to the dread and wonder of +enemies, and the comfort and happiness of +pilgrims.</p> + +<p>The next day they took him and led him into +the armory, where they showed him all manner of +weapons which their Lord had provided for +pilgrims; as sword, shield, helmet, breast-plate, +all-prayer, and shoes that would not wear out. +And there was here enough of this to harness out<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> +as many men for the service of their Lord as there +be stars in the heaven for multitude.</p> + +<p>They also showed him some of the things with +which some of His servants had done wonderful +things. They showed him Moses' rod; the hammer +and nail with which Jael slew Sisera; the +pitchers, trumpets, and lamps too, with which +Gideon put to flight the armies of Midian. Then +they showed him the ox's goad wherewith Shamgar +slew six hundred men. They showed him also +the jaw-bone with which Samson did such mighty +feats. They showed him, moreover, the sling and +stone with which David slew Goliath of Gath, and +the sword also with which their Lord will kill the +Man of Sin, in the day that He shall rise up to the +battle. They showed him, besides, many excellent +things, with which Christian was much +delighted. This done, they went to their rest +again.</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream that on the morrow +he got up to go forward, but they desired him to +stay till the next day also; "and then," said they, +"we will, if the day be clear, show you the Delectable +Mountains;" which they said would yet +further add to his comfort, because they were +nearer the desired haven than the place where at +present he was. So he consented and stayed. +When the morning was up, they led him to the +top of the house, and bid him look south. So he +did, and behold, at a great distance he saw a most +pleasant mountainous country, beautified with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> +woods, vineyards, fruits of all sorts, flowers also, +with springs and fountains, very lovely to behold. +Then he asked the name of the country. They +said it was Immanuel's Land; "and it is as common," +said they, "as this hill is, to and for all the +pilgrims. And when thou comest there, from +thence thou mayest see to the gate of the Celestial +City, as the shepherds that live there will make +appear."</p> + +<p>Now he bethought himself of setting forward, +and they were willing he should. "But first," +said they, "let us go again into the armory." So +they did; and when he came there, they dressed +him from head to foot with armor of proof, lest +perhaps he should meet with assaults in the way. +He being, therefore, thus armed, walked out with +his friends to the gate; and there he asked the +Porter if he saw any pilgrim pass by. Then the +Porter answered, "Yes."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Pray, did you know him?" said he.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Port.</span> I asked his name, and he told me it was +Faithful.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Oh," said Christian, "I know him, he is +my townsman, my near neighbor; he comes from +the place where I was born. How far do you think +he may be before?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Port.</span> He has got by this time below the hill.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Well," said Christian, "good Porter, +the Lord be with thee, and add to all thy blessings +much increase for the kindness thou has shown +to me!"</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span>Then he began to go forward; but Discretion, +Piety, Charity, and Prudence would accompany +him down to the foot of the hill. So they went on +together repeating their former discourses, till they +came to go down the hill. Then said Christian, +"As it was difficult coming up, so far so as I can +see, it is dangerous going down." "Yes," said +Prudence, "so it is; for it is a hard matter for a +man to go down the Valley of Humiliation, as +thou art now, and to catch no slip by the way; +therefore," said they, "are we come out to accompany +thee down the hill." So he began to go +down, but very warily; yet he caught a slip or two.</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream that these good companions, +when Christian was gone down to the +bottom of the hill, gave him a loaf of bread, a +bottle of wine, and a cluster of raisins; and then +he went his way.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IV.</h2> + + +<p>But now, in this Valley of Humiliation, poor +Christian was hard put to it; for he had +gone but a little way before he espied a +foul fiend coming over the field to meet him: his +name is Apollyon. Then did Christian begin to be +afraid, and to cast in his mind whether to go back +or to stand his ground. But he considered again +that he had no armor for his back, and therefore +thought that to turn the back to him might give +him greater advantage with ease to pierce him +with darts; therefore he resolved to venture and +stand his ground; for, thought he, had I no more +in mine eye than the saving of my life, it would be +the best way to stand. So he went on, and Apollyon +met him. Now, the monster was hideous to +behold: he was clothed with scales like a fish, and +they are his pride; he had wings like a dragon, +and feet like a bear, and out of his belly came fire +and smoke; and his mouth was as the mouth of a +lion. When he was come up to Christian, he beheld +him with a disdainful countenance, and thus +began to question with him:</p> + +<div class="sidenote">APOLLYON STAYS CHRISTIAN</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Apollyon.</span> Whence come you, and whither are +you bound?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I am come from the City of Destruction, +which is the place of all evil, and am going to the +City of Zion.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span><span class="smcap">Apol.</span> By this I perceive that thou art one of +my subjects; for all that country is mine, and I +am the prince and God of it. How is it then +that thou hast run away from thy king? Were it +not that I hope that thou mayest do me more +service, I would strike thee now at one blow to the +ground.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I was indeed born in your kingdom; +but your service was hard, and your wages such as +a man could not live on; for the wages of sin is +death; therefore, when I was come to years, I did +as other thoughtful persons do, look out, if perhaps +I might mend myself.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Apol.</span> There is no prince that will thus lightly +lose his subjects, neither will I as yet lose thee; +but, since thou complainest of thy service and +wages, be content to go back, and what our country +will afford I do here promise to give thee.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But I have let myself to another, even +to the King of princes; and how can I with fairness +go back with thee?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Apol.</span> Thou hast done in this according to the +proverb, "changed a bad for a worse;" but it is +common for those that have called themselves +His servants, after awhile to give Him the slip, +and return again to me. Do thou so too, and all +shall be well.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I have given Him my faith, and sworn +my service to Him; how, then, can I go back from +this, and not be hanged as a traitor?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Apol.</span> Thou didst the same to me, and yet I am<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> +willing to pass by all, if now thou wilt yet turn +again and go back.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> What I promised thee was in my youth, +and besides, I count that the Prince under whose +banner I now stand is able to set me free, yea, and +to pardon also what I did as to my service with +thee. And besides, O thou destroying Apollyon, +to speak the truth, I like His service, His wages, +His servants, His government, His company, and +country, better than thine; therefore leave off to +persuade me further: I am His servant, and I will +follow Him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Apol.</span> Consider again when thou art in cold +blood, what thou art likely to meet with in the +way that thou goest. Thou knowest that for the +most part His servants come to an ill end, because +they are disobedient against me and my ways. +How many of them have been put to shameful +deaths! And besides, thou countest His service +better than mine; whereas He never came yet +from the place where He is, to deliver any that +served Him out of their hands; but as for me, +how many times, as all the world very well knows, +have I delivered, either by power or fraud, those +that have faithfully served me, from Him and His, +though taken by them! And so I will deliver thee.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> His forbearing at present to deliver them +is on purpose to try their love, whether they will +cleave to Him to the end; and, as for the ill end +thou sayest they come to, that is most glorious in +their account. For, for present deliverance, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> +do not much expect it; for they stay for their +glory, and then they shall have it when their +prince comes in His and the glory of the angels.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Apol.</span> Thou hast already been unfaithful in +thy service to Him; and how dost thou think to +receive wages of Him?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Wherein, O Apollyon, have I been +unfaithful to Him?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Apol.</span> Thou didst faint at first setting out, when +thou wast almost choked in the Gulf of Despond. +Thou didst attempt wrong ways to be rid of thy +burden, whereas thou shouldst have stayed till +thy Prince had taken it off. Thou didst sinfully +sleep and lose thy choice things. Thou wast +almost persuaded to go back at the sight of the +lions. And when thou talkest of thy journey, and +of what thou hast seen and heard, thou art +inwardly desirous of glory to thyself in all that +thou sayest or doest.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> All this is true, and much more which +thou hast left out; but the Prince whom I serve +and honor is merciful and ready to forgive. But +besides, these infirmities possessed me in thy own +country; for there I sucked them in, and I have +groaned under them, been sorry for them, and +have obtained pardon of my Prince.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Apol.</span> Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous +rage, saying, "I am an enemy to this Prince; +I hate His person, His laws, and people. I am +come out on purpose to withstand thee."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIAN THE CONQUEROR</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Apollyon, beware what you do, for I am<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> +in the King's highway, the way of holiness: therefore +take heed to yourself.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Apol.</span> Then Apollyon straddled quite over the +whole breadth of the way, and said, "I am void of +fear in this matter. Prepare thyself to die; for I +swear by my infernal den, that thou shalt go no +farther: here will I spill thy soul." And, with +that, he threw a flaming dart at his breast; but +Christian held a shield in his hand, with which he +caught, and so prevented the danger of that.</p> + +<p>Then did Christian draw, for he saw it was time +to bestir him; and Apollyon as fast made at him, +throwing darts as thick as hail, by the which, notwithstanding +all that Christian could do to avoid +it, Apollyon wounded him in his head, his hand, +and foot. This made Christian give a little back; +Apollyon, therefore, followed his work amain, and +Christian again took courage, and resisted as manfully +as he could. This sore combat lasted for +above half a day, even till Christian was almost +quite spent. For you must know that Christian, +by reason of his wounds, must needs grow weaker +and weaker.</p> + +<p>Then Apollyon, espying his opportunity, began +to gather up close to Christian, and, wrestling with +him, gave him a dreadful fall; and, with that, +Christian's sword flew out of his hand. Then said +Apollyon, "I am sure of thee now." And, with +that, he had almost pressed him to death, so that +Christian began to despair of life. But, as God +would have it, while Apollyon was fetching his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> +last blow, thereby to make a full end of this good +man, Christian nimbly reached out his hand for +his sword, and caught it, saying, "Rejoice not +against me, O mine enemy: when I fall I shall +arise;" and, with that, gave him a deadly thrust, +which made him give back, as one that had +received his mortal wound. Christian, perceiving +that, made at him again, saying, "Nay, in all these +things we are more than conquerors through Him +that loved us." And, with that, Apollyon spread +forth his dragon's wings, and sped him away, that +Christian for a season saw him no more.</p> + +<p>In this combat no man can imagine, unless he +had seen and heard, as I did, what yelling and +hideous roaring Apollyon made all the time of the +fight: he spake like a dragon; and, on the other +side, what sighs and groans burst from Christian's +heart. I never saw him all the while give so much +as one pleasant look, till he perceived he had +wounded Apollyon with his two-edged sword; +then, indeed, he did smile and look upward; but +it was the dreadfullest sight that ever I saw.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIAN GIVES THANKS</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> So, when the battle was over, Christian +said, "I will here give thanks to Him that hath +delivered me out of the mouth of the lion; to Him +that did help me against Apollyon." And so he +did, saying:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Great Satan, the captain of this fiend,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Designed my ruin; therefore to this end</span><br /> +<span class="i0">He sent him harnessed out: and he with rage</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That hellish was, did fiercely me engage;</span><br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span><span class="i0">But blessed angels helped me; and I,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">By dint of sword, did quickly make him fly:</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Therefore to God let me give lasting praise,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And thank and bless His holy name always."</span> +</div> + +<p>Then there came to him a hand with some of +the leaves of the tree of life; the which Christian +took, and laid upon the wounds that he had +received in the battle, and was healed immediately. +He also sat down in that place to eat bread, and to +drink of the bottle that was given to him a little +before: so, being refreshed, he went forth on his +journey, with his sword drawn in his hand; "For," +he said, "I know not but some other enemy may +be at hand." But he met with no other harm +from Apollyon quite through this valley.</p> + +<p>Now, at the end of this valley was another, +called the Valley of the Shadow of Death; and +Christian must needs go through it, because the +way to the Celestial City lay through the midst of +it. Now this valley is a very solitary place; the +prophet Jeremiah thus describes it: "A wilderness, +a land of deserts and pits, a land of drought, and of +the shadow of death, a land that no man" but a +Christian "passeth through, and where no man +dwelt."</p> + +<p>Now here Christian was worse put to it than in +his fight with Apollyon, as in the story you shall +see.</p> + +<p>I saw then in my dream, that when Christian +was got to the borders of the Shadow of Death, +there met him two men, children of them that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> +brought up an evil report of the good land, making +haste to go back; to whom Christian spake as +follows:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Whither are you going?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Men.</span> They said, "Back, back! and we would +have you to do so too, if either life or peace is +prized by you."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Why, what's the matter?" said Christian.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Men.</span> "Matter!" said they: "we were going that +way as you are going, and went as far as we durst: +and indeed we were almost past coming back; +for had we gone a little farther, we had not been +here to bring the news to thee."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "But what have you met with?" said +Christian.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Men.</span> Why, we were almost in the Valley of the +Shadow of Death, but that by good hap we +looked before us, and saw the danger before we +came to it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "But what have you seen?" said Christian.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Men.</span> Seen! why, the valley itself, which is as +dark as pitch: we also saw there the hobgoblins, +satyrs, and dragons of the pit; we heard also in +that valley a continual howling and yelling, as of a +people under unutterable misery, who there sat +bound in affliction and irons; and over that hung +the discouraging clouds of confusion; Death also +does always spread his wings over it. In a word, +it is every whit dreadful, being utterly without +order.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian, "I perceive not yet, +by what you have said, but that this is my way to +the desired haven."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Men.</span> Be it thy way, we will not choose it for +ours.</p> + +<p>So they parted, and Christian went on his way, +but still with his sword drawn in his hand, for fear +lest he should be attacked.</p> + +<p>I saw then in my dream, as far as this valley +reached, there was on the right hand a very deep +ditch; that ditch is it into which the blind have +led the blind in all ages, and have both there +miserably perished. Again, behold, on the left +hand there was a very dangerous quag, or marsh, +into which, if even a good man falls, he finds no +bottom for his foot to stand on: into that quag +King David once did fall, and had no doubt there +been smothered, had not He that is able plucked +him out.</p> + +<p>The pathway was here also exceedingly narrow, +and therefore good Christian was the more put to +it; for when he sought, in the dark, to shun the +ditch, on the one hand he was ready to tip over +into the mire on the other; also when he sought to +escape the mire, without great carefulness he +would be ready to fall into the ditch. Thus he +went on, and I heard him here sigh bitterly, for +besides the danger mentioned above, the pathway +was here so dark, that ofttimes, when he lifted up +his foot to go forward, he knew not where or upon +what he should set it next.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">A COMPANY OF FIENDS</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>About the midst of this valley I perceived the +mouth of hell to be, and it stood also hard by the +wayside. Now, thought Christian, what shall I +do? And ever and anon the flame and smoke +would come out in such abundance, with sparks +and hideous noises (things that cared not for +Christian's sword, as did Apollyon before), that he +was forced to put up his sword, and betake himself +to another weapon, called "All-Prayer." So he +cried in my hearing, "O Lord, I beseech Thee, +deliver my soul." Thus he went on a great while, +yet still the flames would be reaching towards +him; also he heard doleful voices, and rushings to +and fro, so that sometimes he thought he should +be torn in pieces, or trodden down like mire in the +streets. This frightful sight was seen, and those +dreadful noises were heard by him, for several +miles together, and, coming to a place where he +thought he heard a company of fiends coming +forward to meet him, he stopped, and began to +muse what he had best to do. Sometimes he had +half a thought to go back; then again he thought +he might be half-way through the valley. He remembered, +also, how he had already vanquished +many a danger, and that the danger of going back +might be much more than going forward. So he +resolved to go on; yet the fiends seemed to come +nearer and nearer. But, when they were come even +almost at him, he cried out with a most vehement +voice, "I will walk in the strength of the Lord +God." So they gave back, and came no farther.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">VALLEY OF SHADOW OF DEATH</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>One thing I would not let slip: I took notice +that now poor Christian was so confounded that +he did not know his own voice; and thus I perceived +it: just when he was come over against the +mouth of the burning pit, one of the wicked ones +got behind him, and stepped up softly to him, and +whisperingly suggested many wicked words to +him, which he verily thought had proceeded from +his own mind. This put Christian more to it than +anything he had met with before, even to think +that he should now speak evil of Him that he had +so much loved before. Yet, if he could have +helped it, he would not have done it; but he had +not the wisdom either to stop his ears, or to know +from whence those wicked words came.</p> + +<p>When Christian had traveled in this sorrowful +condition some considerable time he thought he +heard the voice of a man, as going before him, +saying, "Though I walk through the Valley of the +Shadow of Death I will fear no evil; for Thou art +with me."</p> + +<p>Then he was glad, and that for these reasons:</p> + +<p>First,—Because he gathered from thence, that +some who feared God were in this valley as well +as himself.</p> + +<p>Secondly,—For that he perceived God was with +them, though in that dark and dismal state. And +why not, thought he, with me, though by reason +of the kindness that attends this place, I cannot +perceive it?</p> + +<p>Thirdly,—For that he hoped (could he overtake<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +them) to have company by-and-by. So he went +on, and called to him that was before; but he +knew not what to answer, for that he also thought +himself to be alone. And by-and-by the day +broke. Then said Christian, "He hath turned the +shadow of death into the morning."</p> + +<p>Now, morning being come, he looked back, not +out of desire to return, but to see, by the light of +the day, what dangers he had gone through in the +dark. So he saw more perfectly the ditch that +was on the one hand, and the quag that was on +the other; also how narrow the way which led +betwixt them both. Also now he saw the hobgoblins, +and satyrs, and dragons of the pit, but all +afar off; for after break of day they came not nigh; +yet they were shown to him according to that +which is written, "He showeth deep things out of +darkness, and bringeth out to light the shadow +of death."</p> + +<p>Now was Christian much affected with his +deliverance from all the dangers of his solitary +way; which dangers, though he feared them much +before, yet he saw them more clearly now, because +the light of the day made them plain to him. And +about this time the sun was rising, and this was +another mercy to Christian; for you must note +that, though the first part of the Valley of the +Shadow of Death was dangerous, yet this second +part, which he was yet to go, was if possible far +more dangerous; for, from the place where he +now stood, even to the end of the valley, the way<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> +was all along set so full of snares, traps, gins, and +nets here, and so full of pits, pitfalls, deep holes, +and shelvings down there, that, had it now been +dark, as it was when he came the first part of the +way, had he had a thousand souls, they had in +reason been cast away. But, as I said just now +the sun was rising. Then said he, "His candle +shineth on my head, and by His light I go through +darkness."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">POPE AND PAGAN</div> + +<p>In this light, therefore, he came to the end of +the valley. Now, I saw in my dream that at the +end of the valley lay blood, bones, ashes, and +mangled bodies of men, even of pilgrims that had +gone this way formerly; and, while I was musing +what should be the reason, I espied a little before +me a cave, where two giants, POPE and PAGAN, +dwelt in old time; by whose power and tyranny, +the men whose bones, blood, ashes, etc., lay there, +were cruelly put to death. But by this place +Christian went without danger, whereat I somewhat +wondered; but I have learnt since, that +Pagan has been dead many a day; and, as for the +other, though he be yet alive, he is, by reason of +age, also of the many shrewd brushes that he met +with in his younger days, grown so crazy and stiff +in his joints, that he can now do little more than +sit in his cave's mouth, grinning at pilgrims as +they go by, and biting his nails because he cannot +come to them.</p> + +<p>So I saw that Christian went on his way; yet, +at the sight of the old man that sat at the mouth<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> +of the cave, he could not tell what to think, +especially because he spoke to him, though he +could not go after him, saying, "You will never +mend till more of you be burned." But he held +his peace, and set a good face on it, and so went +by and caught no hurt. Then sang Christian:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"O, world of wonders (I can say no less),</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That I should be preserved in that distress</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That I have met with here! Oh, blessed be</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That hand that from it hath delivered me!</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Dangers in darkness, devils, hell, and sin,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Did compass me, while I this vale was in;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Yes, snares, and pits, and traps, and nets did lie</span><br /> +<span class="i0">My path about, that worthless, silly I</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Might have been catched, entangled, and cast down;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But, since I live, let Jesus wear the crown."</span><a name="Join" id="Join"></a> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 400px;"><br /><br /> +<img src="images/i_098.jpg" width="400" height="613" alt="Christian and Faithful Join Company." title="Christian +and Faithful Join Company." /> +<span class="caption">Christian and Faithful Join Company.<br /></span> +<small>See page 89</small> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span></p> + +<h2>CHAPTER V.</h2> + + +<p>Now as Christian went on his way, he came +to a little ascent which was cast up on +purpose that pilgrims might see before +them: up there, therefore, Christian went; and +looking forward, he saw Faithful before him upon +his journey. Then said Christian aloud, "Ho, ho! +so-ho! stay, and I will be your companion." At +that Faithful looked behind him; to whom Christian +cried, "Stay, stay, till I come up to you." But +Faithful answered, "No, I am upon my life, and +the avenger of blood is behind me."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIAN JOINS FAITHFUL</div> + +<p>At this Christian was somewhat moved; and +putting to all his strength, he quickly got up with +Faithful, and did also overrun him: so the last +was first. Then did Christian boastfully smile, +because he had gotten the start of his brother; +but, not taking good heed to his feet, he suddenly +stumbled and fell, and could not rise again until +Faithful came up to help him.</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream, they went very +lovingly on together, and had sweet talk together +of all things that had happened to them in their +pilgrimage; and thus Christian began:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> My honored and well-beloved brother +Faithful, I am glad that I have overtaken you, +and that God has so tempered our spirits that we +can walk as companions in this so pleasant a path.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> I had thought, dear friend, to have had +your company quite from our town; but you did +get the start of me, wherefore I was forced to +come thus much of the way alone.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> How long did you stay in the City of +Destruction before you set out after me on your +pilgrimage?</p> + +<div class="sidenote">WHAT WAS SAID IN THE CITY</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Till I could stay no longer; for there +was great talk, presently after you were gone out, +that our city would, in a short time, with fire +from heaven, be burned down to the ground.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> What! did your neighbors talk so?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Yes, it was for a while in everybody's +mouth.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> What! and did no more of them but you +come out to escape the danger?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Though there was, as I said, a great +talk thereabout, yet I do not think they did firmly +believe it. For, in the heat of the talking I heard +some of them deridingly speak of you, and of your +desperate journey; for so they called this your +pilgrimage. But I did believe, and do still, that +the end of our city will be with fire and brimstone +from above; and therefore I have made my escape.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Did you hear no talk of neighbor +Pliable?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Yes, Christian; I heard that he followed +you till he came to the Slough of Despond, where, +as some said, he fell in; but he would not be +known to have so done; but I am sure he was +soundly bedabbled with that kind of dirt.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And what said the neighbors to him?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> He hath, since his going back, been held +greatly in derision, and that among all sorts of +people: some do mock and despise him, and +scarce any will set him on work. He is now seven +times worse than if he had never gone out of the +city.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But why should they be set so against +him, since they also despise the way that he +forsook?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> "Oh," they say, "hang him; he is a +turncoat! he was not true to his profession!" +I think God has stirred up even his enemies to +hiss at him and laugh at him, because he hath +forsaken the way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Had you no talk with him before you +came out?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> I met him once in the streets, but he +leered away on the other side, as one ashamed of +what he had done; so I spake not to him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Well, at my first setting out, I had +hopes of that man, but now I fear he will perish +in the overthrow of the city. For it has happened +to him according to the true proverb, "The dog is +turned to his vomit again, and the sow that was +washed to her wallowing in the mire."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> These are my fears of him too; but +who can hinder that which will be?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Well, neighbor Faithful," said Christian, +"let us leave him, and talk of things that +more immediately concern ourselves. Tell me<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> +now what you have met with in the way as you +came; for I know you have met with some things, +or else it may be writ for a wonder."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> I escaped the slough that I perceive +you fell into, and got up to the gate without that +danger; only I met with one whose name was +Wanton, that had like to have done me a mischief.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> It was well you escaped her net: Joseph +was hard put to it by her, and he escaped her as +you did; but it had like to have cost him his life. +But what did she do to you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> You cannot think (but that you know +something) what a flattering tongue she had; +she lay at me hard to turn aside with her, promising +me all manner of enjoyment.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Nay, she did not promise you the +enjoyment of a good conscience.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> You know what I mean—not the enjoyment +of the soul, but of the body.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Thank God you have escaped her: the +abhorred of the Lord shall fall into her ditch.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Nay, I know not whether I did wholly +escape her or no.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, I suppose you did not consent to +her desires?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> No, not to defile myself; for I remembered +an old writing that I had seen which saith, +"Her steps take hold of hell." So I shut mine +eyes, because I would not be bewitched with her +looks. Then she railed on me, and I went my +way.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Did you meet with no other assault as +you came?</p> + +<div class="sidenote">FAITHFUL AND ADAM THE FIRST</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> When I came to the foot of the hill +called Difficulty, I met with a very aged man, who +asked me what I was and whither bound. I told +him that I was a pilgrim, going to the Celestial +City. Then said the old man, "Thou lookest like +an honest fellow: wilt thou be content to dwell +with me, for the wages that I shall give thee?" +Then I asked him his name, and where he dwelt. +He said his name was Adam the First, and that +he dwelt in the town of Deceit. I asked him then +what was his work, and what the wages that he +would give. He told me that his work was many +delights; and his wages, that I should be his heir +at last. I further asked him what house he kept, +and what other servants he had. So he told me +that his house was filled with all the dainties of the +world, and that his servants were his own children. +Then I asked him how many children he had. He +said that he had but three daughters, the Lust of +the Flesh, the Lust of the Eyes, and the Pride of +Life, and that I should marry them if I would. +Then I asked, how long time he would have me +live with him? And he told me, As long as he +lived himself.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Well, and what conclusion came the +old man and you to at last?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Why, at first I found myself somewhat +inclinable to go with the man, for I thought he +spake very fair; but looking in his forehead, as I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> +talked with him, I saw there written, "Put off the +old man with his deeds."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And how then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Then it came burning hot into my mind, +whatever he said, and however he flattered, when +he got home to his house he would sell me for a +slave. So I bid him forbear, for I would not come +near the door of his house. Then he reviled me, +and told me that he would send such a one after +me that should make my way bitter to my soul. +So I turned to go away from him; but, just as I +turned myself to go thence, I felt him take hold of +my flesh, and give me such a deadly twitch back, +that I thought he had pulled part of me after +himself: this made me cry, "O wretched man!" +So I went on my way up the hill. Now, when I +had got about half-way up, I looked behind me, +and saw one coming after me, swift as the wind; +so he overtook me just about the place where the +settle stands.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Just there," said Christian, "did I sit +down to rest me; but being overcome with sleep, +I there lost this roll out of my bosom."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> But, good brother, hear me out. So +soon as the man overtook me, he was but a word +and a blow; for down he knocked me, and laid me +for dead. But, when I was a little come to myself +again, I asked him wherefore he served me so. +He said, because of my secret inclining to Adam +the First. And, with that, he struck me another +deadly blow on the breast, and beat me down<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +backwards; so I lay at his feet as dead as before. +So, when I came to myself again, I cried him +mercy; but he said, "I know not how to show +mercy;" and, with that, he knocked me down +again. He had doubtless made an end of me, but +that One came by, and bid him forbear.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Who was that that bid him forbear?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> I did not know him at first; but, as He +went by, I perceived the holes in His hands and +His side; then I concluded that He was our Lord. +So I went up the hill.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> That man that overtook you was Moses. +He spareth none, neither knoweth he how to show +mercy to those that disobey his law.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> I know it very well: it was not the first +time that he has met with me. It was he that +came to me when I dwelt securely at home, and +that told me he would burn my house over my +head if I stayed there.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But did not you see the house that +stood there, on the top of that hill on the side of +which Moses met you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Yes, and the lions too, before I came +at it. But, for the lions, I think they were asleep, +for it was about noon; and because I had so much +of the day before me I passed by the Porter, and +came down the hill.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> He told me, indeed, that he saw you go +by; but I wished you had called at the house, for +they would have showed you so many rarities, +that you would scarce have forgot them to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> +day of your death. But pray tell me, did you +meet nobody in the Valley of Humility?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Yes, I met with one Discontent, who +would willingly have persuaded me to go back +again with him: his reason was, for that the +valley was altogether without honor. He told +me, moreover, that there to go was the way to +disoblige all my friends, as Pride, Arrogancy, Self-Conceit, +Worldly-Glory, with others, who he knew, +as he said, would be very much offended if I made +such a fool of myself as to wade through this +valley.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Well, and how did you answer him?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> I told him that, although all these that +he named might claim kindred of me, and that +rightly (for, indeed, they were my relations according +to the flesh), yet, since I became a pilgrim, +they have disowned me, as I also have rejected +them; and therefore they were to me now no +more than if they had never been of my lineage. +I told him, moreover, that as to this valley, he had +quite misrepresented the thing; for before honor +is humility, and a haughty spirit before a fall. +"Therefore," said I, "I had rather go through this +valley to the honor that was so accounted by the +wisest, than choose that which he esteemed most +worthy of our affections."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Met you with nothing else in that +valley?</p> + +<div class="sidenote">SHAME A BOLD VILLAIN</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Yes, I met with Shame; but, of all the +men that I met with in my pilgrimage, he I think,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> +bears the wrong name. The others would take +"No" for an answer, at least after some words of +denial; but this bold-faced Shame would never +have done.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, what did he say to you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> What? why, he objected against religion +itself. He said it was a pitiful, low, sneaking +business for a man to mind religion. He said +that a tender conscience was an unmanly thing; +and that for a man to watch over his words and +ways, so as to tie up himself from that liberty that +the brave spirits of the times accustom themselves +unto, would make him the ridicule of all the people +in our time. He objected also, that but a few of +the mighty, rich, or wise were ever of my opinion; +nor any of them neither, before they were persuaded +to be fools, to venture the loss of all for +nobody else knows what. He, moreover, objected +the base and low estate and condition of +those that were chiefly the pilgrims of the times +in which they lived; also their ignorance, and +want of understanding in all worldly knowledge. +Yea, he did hold me to it at that rate also, about +a great many more things than here I relate; as, +that it was a shame to sit whining and mourning +under a sermon, and a shame to come sighing and +groaning home; that it was a shame to ask my +neighbor forgiveness for petty faults, or to give +back what I had taken from any. He said also +that religion made a man grow strange to the +great, because of a few vices (which he called by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> +finer names), and because religion made him own +and respect the base, who were of the same +religious company; "and is not this," said he, +"a shame?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And what did you say to him?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Say? I could not tell what to say at +first. Yea, he put me so to it that my blood came +up in my face; even this Shame fetched it up, and +had almost beat me quite off. But at last I began +to consider that that which is highly esteemed +among men is had in abomination with God. +And I thought again, This Shame tells me what +men are, but it tells me nothing what God, or the +Word of God is. And I thought, moreover, that +at the day of doom we shall not be doomed to +death or life according to the spirits of the world, +but according to the wisdom and law of the +Highest. Therefore, thought I, what God says is +best—is best, though all the men in the world are +against it. Seeing, then, that God prefers His +religion; seeing God prefers a tender conscience; +seeing they that make themselves fools for the +kingdom of heaven are wisest, and that the poor +man that loveth Christ is richer than the greatest +man in the world that hates Him; Shame, depart! +thou art an enemy to my salvation. Shall I listen +to thee against my sovereign Lord? how, then, +shall I look Him in the face at His coming? +Should I now be ashamed of His way and servants +how can I expect the blessing? But, indeed, this +Shame was a bold villain: I could scarce shake<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> +him out of my company; yea, he would be haunting +of me, and continually whispering me in the +ear with some one or other of the weak things that +attend religion. But at last I told him it was in +vain to attempt further in this business; for those +things that he despised, in those did I see most +glory; and so, at last, I got past this persistent +one. And when I had shaken him off, then I +began to sing,</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"The trials that those men do meet withal,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That are obedient to the heavenly call,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Are manifold, and suited to the flesh,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And come, and come, and come again afresh;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That now, or some time else, we by them may</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Be taken, overcome, and cast away.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Oh, let the pilgrims, let the pilgrims then,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Be vigilant and quit themselves like men!"</span> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I am glad, my brother, that thou didst +withstand this villain so bravely: for of all, as +thou sayest, I think he has the wrong name; for +he is so bold as to follow us in the streets, and to +attempt to put us to shame before all men; that +is, to make us ashamed of that which is good. +But, if he was not himself bold, he would never +attempt to do as he does. But let us still resist +him; for, notwithstanding all his bold words, he +promoteth the fool, and none else. "The wise +shall inherit glory," said Solomon; "but shame +shall be the promotion of fools."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> I think we must cry to Him for help +against Shame who would have us to be valiant +for truth upon the earth.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> You say true. But did you meet +nobody else in that valley?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> No, not I; for I had sunshine all the +rest of the way through that, and also through +the Valley of the Shadow of Death.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> It was well for you! I am sure it +fared far otherwise with me. I had for a long +season, as soon almost as I entered into that +valley, a dreadful combat with that foul fiend +Apollyon; yea, I thought verily he would have +killed me, especially when he got me down, +and crushed me under him, as if he would have +crushed me to pieces. For, as he threw me, +my sword flew out of my hand; nay, he told +me he was sure of me; and I cried to God, and +He heard me, and delivered me out of all my +troubles. Then I entered into the Valley of the +Shadow of Death, and had no light for almost +half the way through it. I thought I should +have been killed there over and over: but at +last day broke, and the sun rose, and I went +through that which was behind with far more +ease and quiet.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">TALKATIVE OVERTAKEN</div> + +<p>Moreover, I saw in my dream that, as they went +on, Faithful, as he chanced to look on one side, +saw a man whose name is Talkative walking at a +distance beside them; for in this place there was +room enough for them all to walk. He was a tall +man, and something better looking at a distance +than near at hand. To this man Faithful spoke +himself in this manner:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Friend, whither away? Are you going +to the heavenly country?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> I am going to that same place.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> That is well; then I hope we may have +your good company.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> With a very good will, will I be your +companion.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Come on, then, and let us go together, +and let us spend our time in talking of things that +are profitable.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> To talk of things that are good, to me +is very acceptable, with you or with any other; +and I am glad that I have met with those that +incline to so good a work; for, to speak the truth, +there are but few who care thus to spend their time +as they are in their travels, but choose much +rather to be speaking of things to no profit; and +this has been a trouble to me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> That is, indeed, a thing to be lamented; +for what things so worthy of the use of the tongue +and mouth of men on earth, as are the things of the +God of heaven?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> I like you wonderfully well, for your +saying is full of the truth; and I will add, What +thing is so pleasant, and what so profitable, as to +talk of the things of God? What things so pleasant? +that is, if a man hath any delight in things +that are wonderful. For instance, if a man doth +delight to talk of the history or the mystery of +things, or if a man doth love to talk of miracles, +wonders, or signs, where shall he find things<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> +written so delightful, or so sweetly penned, as in +the Holy Scripture?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> That's true; but to be profited by such +things in our talk should be that which we design.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">TALKATIVE SELF-DECEIVED</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> That is it that I said; for to talk of such +things is most profitable; for, by so doing, a man +may get knowledge of many things; as of the +folly of earthly things, and the benefit of things +above. Besides, by this a man may learn what +it is to turn from sin, to believe, to pray, to suffer, +or the like; by this, also, a man may learn what +are the great promises and comforts of the Gospel, +to his own enjoyment. Further, by this a man +may learn to answer false opinions, to prove the +truth, and also to teach the ignorant.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> All this is true; and glad am I to hear +these things from you.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> Alas! the want of this is the cause that +so few understand the need of faith, and the +necessity of a work of grace in their soul, in order +to eternal life.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> But, by your leave, heavenly knowledge +of these is the gift of God; no man attaineth to them +by human working, or only by the talk of them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> All that I know very well, for a man can +receive nothing except it be given him from +heaven; I could give you a hundred scriptures +for the confirmation of this.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> "Well, then," said Faithful, "what is +that one thing that we shall at this time found +our talk upon?"</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> What you will. I will talk of things +heavenly or things earthly; things in life or things +in the gospel; things sacred or things worldly; +things past or things to come; things foreign or +things at home; things necessary or things accidental, +provided that all be done to our profit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Now did Faithful begin to wonder; +and, stepping to Christian (for he walked all this +while by himself), he said to him, but softly, +"What a brave companion have we got! Surely +this man will make a very excellent pilgrim."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">FAITHFUL DISPUTES TALKATIVE</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> At this Christian modestly smiled, and +said, "This man with whom you are so taken will +deceive with this tongue of his twenty of them +that know him not."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Do you know him, then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Know him? Yes, better than he knows +himself.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Pray what is he?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> His name is Talkative; he dwelleth in +our town. I wonder that you should be a +stranger to him: only I consider that our town +is large.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Whose son is he? and whereabout doth +he dwell?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> He is the son of one Say-well. He dwelt +in Prating Row, and is known to all that are +acquainted with him by the name of Talkative +of Prating Row; and notwithstanding his fine +tongue, he is but a sorry fellow.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Well, he seems to be a very pretty man.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> That is, to them that have not a thorough +acquaintance with him, for he is best abroad; near +home he is ugly enough. Your saying that he is a +pretty man brings to my mind what I have observed +in the work of the painter, whose pictures show best +at a distance, but very near more unpleasing.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> But I am ready to think you do but +jest, because you smiled.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> God forbid that I should jest (though +I smiled) in this matter, or that I should accuse +any falsely. I will give you a further discovery +of him. This man is for any company, and for +any talk. As he talketh now with you, so will he +talk when he is on the ale-bench; and the more +drink he hath in his crown, the more of these +things he hath in his mouth. Religion hath no +place in his heart, or house, or conversation: all +he hath lieth in his tongue, and his religion is to +make a noise therewith.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Say you so? Then am I in this man +greatly deceived.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Deceived! you may be sure of it. Remember +the proverb, "They say, and do not;" +but the kingdom of God is not in word, but in +power. He talketh of prayer, of turning to God, +of faith, and of the new birth; but he knows but +only to talk of them. I have been in his family, +and have seen him both at home and abroad, and +I know what I say of him is the truth. His house +is as empty of religion as the white of an egg is of +savor. There is there neither prayer nor sign of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> +turning from sin; yea, the brute, in his kind, +serves God far better than he. He is the very +stain, reproach, and shame of religion to all that +know him. It can hardly have a good word in all +that end of the town where he dwells, through +him. Thus say the common people that know +him: "A saint abroad, and a devil at home." +His poor family finds it so: he is such a fault-finder, +such a railer at, and so unreasonable with +his servants, that they neither know how to do for +or speak to him. Men that have any dealings +with him say, it is better to deal with a Turk than +with him, for fairer dealing they shall have at +their hands. This Talkative, if it be possible, will +go beyond them, cheat, beguile, and overreach +them. Besides, he brings up his sons to follow +his steps; and, if he findeth in any of them a +foolish timorousness (for so he calls the first +appearance of a tender conscience), he calls them +fools and blockheads, and by no means will +employ them in much, or speak to their commendation +before others. For my part, I am of +opinion that he has, by his wicked life, caused +many to stumble and fall, and will be, if God prevent +not, the ruin of many more.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Well, my brother, I am bound to +believe you, not only because you say you know +him, but also because like a Christian you make +your reports of men. For I cannot think you +speak these things of ill-will, but because it is +even so as you say.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Had I known him no more than you, I +might, perhaps, have thought of him as at first +you did; yea, had he received this report only from +those that are enemies to religion, I should have +thought it had been a slander, a lot that often +falls from bad men's mouths upon good men's +names and professions. But all these things, yea, +and a great many more as bad, of my own knowledge +I can prove him guilty of. Besides, good +men are ashamed of him: they can neither call +him brother nor friend; the very naming of him +among them makes them blush, if they know him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Well, I see that saying and doing are +two things, and hereafter I shall better observe +the difference between them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> They are two things, indeed, and are as +diverse as are the soul and the body; for, as the +body without the soul is but a dead carcase, so +<i>saying</i>, if it be alone, is but a dead carcase also. +The soul of religion is the practical part. "Pure +religion and undefiled before God and the Father +is this, to visit the fatherless and the widows in +their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted +from the world." This, Talkative is not aware +of: he thinks that hearing and saying will make +a good Christian, and thus he deceiveth his own +soul. Hearing is but as the sowing of the seed; +talking is not sufficient to prove that fruit is +indeed in the heart and life. And let us assure +ourselves that, at the day of doom, men shall be +judged according to their fruits.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Well, I was not so fond of his company +at first, but I am as sick of it now. What shall +we do to be rid of him?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Take my advice, and do as I bid you, +and you shall find that he will soon be sick of your +company too, except God shall touch his heart +and turn it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> What would you have me to do?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, go to him, and enter into some +serious conversation about the power of religion +and ask him plainly (when he has approved of it, +for that he will) whether this thing be set up in +his heart, house or conduct.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Then Faithful stepped forward again, +and said to Talkative, "Come, what cheer? How +is it now?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> Thank you, well: I thought we should +have had a great deal of talk by this time.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Well, if you will, we will fall to it now; +and, since you left it with me to state the question, +let it be this: How doth the saving grace of God +show itself when it is in the heart of man?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> I perceive, then, that our talk must be +about the power of things. Well, it is a very +good question, and I shall be willing to answer +you. And take my answer in brief, thus. First, +where the grace of God is in the heart, it causeth +there a great outcry against sin. Secondly,—</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Nay, hold; let us consider of one at +once. I think you should rather say, it shows +itself by inclining the soul to hate its sin.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> Why, what difference is there between +crying out against and hating sin?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Oh! a great deal. A man may cry out +against sin in order to appear good; but he cannot +hate it except by a real dislike for it. I have +heard many cry out against sin in the pulpit, who +yet can abide it well enough in the heart, house, +and life. Some cry out against sin, even as the +mother cries out against her child in her lap, +when she calleth it a naughty girl, and then falls +to hugging and kissing it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> You are trying to catch me, I perceive.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> No, not I; I am only for setting things +right. But what is the second thing whereby +you would prove a discovery of a work of God in +the heart?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> Great knowledge of hard things in the +Bible.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">TALKATIVE PARTS COMPANY</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> This sign should have been first; but, +first or last, it is also false; for knowledge, great +knowledge, may be obtained in the mysteries of +the Gospel, and yet no work of grace in the soul. +Yea, if a man have all knowledge, he may yet be +nothing, and so, consequently, be no child of God. +When Christ said, "Do ye know all these things?" +and the disciples had answered, "Yes," He added, +"Blessed are ye if ye do them." He doth not lay +the blessing in the knowledge of them, but in the +doing of them. For there is a knowledge that is +not attended with doing: "He that knoweth his +master's will, and doeth it not." A man may<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> +know like an angel, and yet be no Christian; +therefore your sign of it is not true. Indeed, to +know, is a thing that pleaseth talkers and boasters; +but to do is that which pleaseth God.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> You are trying to catch me again: this +is not profitable.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Well, if you please, name another sign +how this work of grace showeth itself where it is.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> Not I; for I see we shall not agree.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Well, if you will not, will you give me +leave to do it?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> You may say what you please.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> God's work in the soul showeth itself +either to him that hath it or to standers by. To +him that has it, it is shown by making him see +and feel his own sins. To others who are standing +by it is shown by his life, a life of doing right in +the sight of God. And now, sir, as to this brief +account of the work of grace, and also the showing +of it, if you have aught to object, object; if +not, then give me leave to ask you a second +question.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> Nay, my part is not now to object, but +to hear; let me, therefore, have your second +question.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> It is this: Have you felt your own sins, +and have you turned from them? And do your +life and conduct show it the same? Or is your +religion in word or in tongue, and not in deed and +truth? Pray, if you incline to answer me in this, +say no more than you know the God above will<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> +say Amen to, and also nothing but what your +conscience can approve you in; for not he that +commendeth himself is approved, but whom the +Lord commendeth. Besides, to say I am thus +and thus, when my conduct and all my neighbors +tell me I lie, is great wickedness.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> Then Talkative at first began to blush; +but, recovering himself, thus he replied: "This +kind of discourse I did not expect; nor am I disposed +to give an answer to such questions, because +I count not myself bound thereto, unless you take +upon you to be a questioner; and though you +should do so, yet I may refuse to make you my +judge. But, I pray, will you tell me why you ask +me such questions?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Because I saw you forward to talk, and +because I knew not that you had aught else but +notion. Besides, to tell you all the truth, I have +heard of you that you are a man whose religion +lies in talk, and that your life gives this your +mouth-profession the lie. They say you are a +spot among Christians, and that religion fareth +the worse for your ungodly conduct; that some +already have stumbled at your wicked ways, and +that more are in danger of being destroyed thereby: +your religion, and an alehouse, and greed for +gain, and uncleanness, and swearing, and lying, +and vain company-keeping, etc., will stand +together. You are a shame to all who are members +of the church.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Talk.</span> Since you are ready to take up reports,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> +and to judge so rashly as you do, I cannot but +conclude you are some peevish or cross man, not +fit to be talked with; and so adieu.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then came up Christian, and said to +his brother, "I told you how it would happen; +your words and his heart could not agree. He +had rather leave your company than reform his +life. But he is gone, as I said: let him go; the +loss is no man's but his own: he has saved us the +trouble of going from him; for he continuing (as +I suppose he will do) as he is, he would have been +but a blot in our company. Besides, the Apostle +says, 'From such withdraw thyself.'"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> But I am glad we had this little talk +with him; it may happen that he will think of it +again: however, I have dealt plainly with him, +and so am clear of his blood, if he perisheth.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> You did well to talk so plainly to him +as you did. There is but little of this faithful +dealing with men now-a-days; and that makes +religion to be despised by so many; for they are +these talkative fools, whose religion is only in +word, and are vile and vain in their life, that, +being so much admitted into the fellowship of +the godly, do puzzle the world, blemish Christianity, +and grieve the sincere. I wish that all +men would deal with such as you have done; then +should they either be made more suitable to +religion, or the company of saints would be too +hot for them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> Then did Faithful say,</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"How Talkative at first lifts up his plumes!</span><br /> +<span class="i0">How bravely doth he speak! How he presumes</span><br /> +<span class="i0">To drive down all before him! But so soon</span><br /> +<span class="i0">As Faithful talks of heart-work, like the moon</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That's past the full, into the wane he goes;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And so will all but he who heart-work knows."</span><br /> +</div> + +<p>Thus they went on, talking of what they had +seen by the way, and so made that way easy, +which would otherwise, no doubt, have been +tedious to them; for now they went through a +wilderness.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VI.</h2> + + +<p>Now, when they were got almost quite out +of this wilderness, Faithful chanced to +cast his eye back, and espied one coming +after him, and he knew him. "Oh!" said +Faithful to his brother, "who comes yonder?" +Then Christian looked, and said, "It is my good +friend Evangelist." "Ay, and my good friend, +too," said Faithful; "for it was he that set me +the way to the gate." Now was Evangelist come +up unto them, and thus saluted them:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> Peace be with you, dearly beloved, and +peace be to your helpers.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Welcome, welcome, my good Evangelist: +the sight of thy face brings to my thought +thy former kindness and unwearied laboring for +my eternal good.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> "And a thousand times welcome," said +good Faithful: "thy company, O sweet Evangelist, +how desirable is it to us poor pilgrims!"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> Then said Evangelist, "How hath it +fared with you, my friends, since the time of our +last parting? What have you met with, and how +have you behaved yourselves?"</p> + +<p>Then Christian and Faithful told him of all +things that had happened to them in the way; +and how, and with what difficulty, they had +arrived to that place.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> "Right glad am I," said Evangelist, +"not that you met with trials, but that you have +been victors, and for that you have, notwithstanding +many weaknesses, continued in the way +to this very day. I say, right glad am I of this +thing, and that for my own sake and yours. +I have sowed, and you have reaped; and the day +is coming when 'both he that sowed and they that +reaped shall rejoice together;' that is, if you faint +not. The crown is before you, and it is an uncorruptible +one: so run that you may obtain it. +Some there be that set out for this crown, and +after they have gone far for it, another comes in +and takes it from them: 'Hold fast, therefore, +that you have; let no man take your crown.'"</p> + +<p>Then Christian thanked him for his words, but +told him withal that they would have him speak +further to them, for their help the rest of the way; +and the rather, for that they well knew that he +was a prophet, and could tell them of things that +might happen unto them, and also how they might +resist and overcome them. To which request +Faithful also consented. So Evangelist began +as followeth:</p> + +<div class="sidenote">EVANGELIST EXHORTS CHRISTIAN</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evan.</span> My sons, you have heard, in the words +of the truth of the Gospel, that you must "through +many trials enter into the kingdom of heaven;" +and again, that "in every city bonds and afflictions +await you;" and therefore you cannot expect +that you should go long on your pilgrimage without +them in some sort or other. You have found<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> +something of the truth of these words upon you +already, and more will immediately follow; for +now, as you see, you are almost out of this wilderness, +and therefore you will soon come into a +town that you will by-and-by see before you; and +in that town you will be hardly beset with enemies +who will strain hard but they will kill you; and be +you sure that one or both of you must seal the +truth which you hold with blood: but be you +faithful unto death, and the King will give you a +crown of life. He that shall die there, although +his death will be unnatural, and his pain, perhaps, +great, he will yet have the better of his fellow; +not only because he will be arrived at the Celestial +City soonest, but because he will escape many +miseries that the other will meet with in the rest of +his journey. But when you are come to the town, +and shall find fulfilled what I have here related, +then remember your friend, and quit yourselves +like men, and commit the keeping of your souls to +God in well-doing, as unto a faithful Creator.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE PILGRIMS AT VANITY FAIR</div> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream, that, when they were +got out of the wilderness, they presently saw a +town before them, and the name of that town is +Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept, +called Vanity Fair. It is kept all the year long. +It beareth the name of Vanity Fair, because the +town where it is kept is lighter than vanity, and +also because all that is there sold, or that cometh +thither, is vanity; as is the saying of the Wise, +"All that cometh is vanity."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>This is no newly begun business, but a thing of +ancient standing. I will show you the original +of it.</p> + +<p>Almost five thousand years ago, there were +pilgrims walking to the Celestial City, as these +two honest persons are; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, +and Legion, with their companions, perceiving by +the path that the pilgrims made that their way +to the city lay through this town of Vanity, they +contrived here to set up a fair; a fair wherein +should be sold all sorts of vanity, and that it +should last all the year long. Therefore at this +fair are all such things sold as houses, lands, +trades, places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, +kingdoms, lusts, pleasures, and delights of +all sorts, as wives, husbands, children, masters, +servants, lives, blood, bodies, souls, silver, gold, +pearls, precious stones, and what not.</p> + +<p>And, moreover, at this fair there are at all +times to be seen jugglings, cheats, games, plays, +fools, apes, knaves, and rogues, and that of every +kind.</p> + +<p>Here are to be seen, too, and that for nothing, +thefts, murders, false swearers, and that of a +blood-red color.</p> + +<p>And, as in other fairs of less moment there are +several rows and streets under their proper names, +where such and such wares are vended; so here +likewise you have the proper places, rows, streets +(namely, countries and kingdoms), where the wares +of this fair are soonest to be found. Here are the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> +Britain Row, the French Row, the Italian Row, +the Spanish Row, the German Row, where several +sorts of vanities are to be sold. But, as in other +fairs some one commodity is as the chief of all the +fair, so the ware of Rome and her goods are +greatly promoted in this fair; only our English +nation, with some others, have taken dislike +thereat.</p> + +<p>Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies +just through this town where this lusty fair is +kept; and he that would go to the city, and yet +not go through this town, "must needs go out of +the world." The Prince of princes Himself, when +here, went through this town to His own country, +and that upon a fair day too; yea, and as I think, +it was Beelzebub, the chief lord of this fair, that +invited Him to buy of his vanities; yea, would +have made Him lord of the fair, would He but +have done him reverence as He went through the +town. Yea, because He was such a person of +honor, Beelzebub had Him from street to street, +and showed Him all the kingdoms of the world in +a little time, that he might, if possible, allure that +Blessed One to ask for and buy some of his +vanities; but He had no mind to the merchandise, +and therefore left the town without laying out so +much as one farthing upon these vanities. This +fair, therefore, is an ancient thing of long-standing, +and a very great fair.</p> + +<p>Now, these pilgrims, as I said, must needs go +through this fair. Well, so they did; but, behold,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> +even as they entered into the fair, all the people +in the fair were moved and the town itself, as it +were, in a hubbub about them, and that for +several reasons; for,</p> + +<p>First,—The pilgrims were clothed with such +kind of garments as were different from the +raiment of any that traded in that fair. The +people, therefore, of the fair, made a great gazing +upon them: some said they were fools; some, +they were bedlams; and some, they were outlandish +men.</p> + +<p>Secondly,—And, as they wondered at their +apparel, so they did likewise at their speech; for +few could understand what they said. They +naturally spoke the language of Canaan; but they +that kept the fair were the men of this world. So +that from one end of the fair to the other, they +seemed barbarians each to the other.</p> + +<p>Thirdly,—But that which did not a little amuse +the store-keepers was, that these pilgrims set very +light by all their wares. They cared not so much +as to look upon them; and if they called upon +them to buy, they would put their fingers in their +ears, and cry, "Turn away mine eyes from +beholding vanity," and look upwards, signifying +that their trade and traffic were in heaven.</p> + +<p>One chanced, mockingly, beholding the actions +of the men, to say unto them, "What will you +buy?" But they, looking gravely upon him, +said, "We buy the truth." At that there was an +occasion taken to despise the men the more: some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> +mocking, some taunting, some speaking reproachfully, +and some calling on others to smite them. +At last things came to a hubbub and great stir in +the fair, insomuch that all order was confounded. +Now was word presently brought to the great one +of the fair, who quickly came down, and deputed +some of his most trusty friends to take these men +for trial about whom the fair was almost overturned. +So the men were brought to trial, and +they that sat upon them asked them whence they +came, whither they went, and what they did +there in such an unusual garb. The men told +them that they were pilgrims and strangers in +the world, and that they were going to their own +country, which was the heavenly Jerusalem, and +that they had given no occasion to the men of the +town, nor yet to the merchants, thus to abuse +them, and to hinder them in their journey, except +it was for that, when one asked them what they +would buy, they said they would buy the truth. +But they that were appointed to examine them +did not believe them to be any other than crazy +people and mad, or else such as came to put all +things into a confusion in the fair. Therefore +they took them and beat them, and besmeared +them with dirt, and then put them into the cage, +that they might be made a spectacle to all the +men of the fair. There, therefore, they lay for +some time, and were made the objects of any +man's sport, or malice, or revenge; the great one +of the fair laughing still at all that befell them.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> +But, the men being patient, and "not rendering +railing for railing, but contrariwise blessing," and +giving good words for bad, and kindness for +injuries done, some men in the fair that were more +observing and less opposed than the rest, began +to check and blame the baser sort for their continual +abuses done by them to the men. They, +therefore, in an angry manner, let fly at them +again, counting them as bad as the men in the +cage, and telling them that they seemed to be in +league with them, and should be made partakers +of their misfortunes. The others replied, that, +for aught they could see, the men were quiet and +sober, and intended nobody any harm; and that +there were many that traded in their fair that were +more worthy to be put into the cage, yea, and +pillory too, than were the men that they had +abused. Thus, after divers words had passed on +both sides (the men behaving themselves all the +while very wisely and soberly before them,) they +fell to some blows, and did harm to one another. +Then were these two poor men brought before the +court again, and there charged as being guilty of +the late hubbub that had been in the fair. So +they beat them pitifully, and hanged irons upon +them, and led them in chains up and down the +fair, for an example and terror to others, lest any +should speak in their behalf, or join themselves +unto them. But Christian and Faithful behaved +themselves yet more wisely, and received the +wrongs and shame that were cast upon them with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> +so much meekness and patience, that it won to +their side (though but few in comparison of the +rest) several of the men in the fair. This put the +other party in yet a greater rage, insomuch that +they resolved upon the death of these two men. +Wherefore they threatened that neither cage nor +irons should serve their turn, but that they should +die for the abuse they had done, and for deceiving +the men of the fair.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE PILGRIMS IN STOCKS</div> + +<p>Then were they remanded to the cage again, +until further order should be taken with them. +So they put them in, and made their feet fast in +the stocks.</p> + +<p>Here, therefore, they called again to mind what +they had heard from their faithful friend Evangelist, +and were more confirmed in their way and +sufferings, by what he told them would happen to +them. They also now comforted each other, +that whose lot it was to suffer, even he should +have the best of it; therefore each man secretly +wished he might have that privilege. But, committing +themselves to the all-wise disposal of +Him that ruleth all things, with much content +they abode in the condition in which they were, +until they should be otherwise disposed of.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">LORD HATE-GOOD</div> + +<p>Then a convenient time being appointed, they +brought them forth to their trial, in order to their +being condemned. When the time was come, +they were brought before their enemies, and +placed on trial. The judge's name was Lord +Hate-good: the charges against both were one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> +and the same in substance, though somewhat +varying in form; the contents whereof were this: +"That they were enemies to and disturbers of +their trade; that they had made riots and divisions +in the town, and had won a party to their +own most dangerous opinions, in contempt of the +law of their prince."</p> + +<p>Then Faithful began to answer, that he had +only set himself against that which had set itself +against Him that is higher than the highest. +"And," said he, "as for disturbances, I make none, +being myself a man of peace; the parties that were +won to us, were won by beholding our truth and +innocence, and they are only turned from the +worse to the better. And, as to the king you talk +of, since he is Beelzebub, the enemy of our Lord, +I defy him and all his angels."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE PILGRIMS ON TRIAL</div> + +<p>Then it was made known that they that had +aught to say for their lord the king against the +prisoner at the bar should forthwith appear and +give in their evidence. So there came in three +witnesses; to wit, Envy, Superstition, and Pickthank. +They were then asked if they knew the +prisoner at the bar, and what they had to say for +their lord the king against him.</p> + +<p>Then stood forth Envy, and said to this effect: +"My lord, I have known this man a long time, +and will attest upon my oath before this honorable +bench that he is—"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Judge.</span> Hold! Give him his oath.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Envy.</span> So they sware him. Then said he, "My<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> +lord, this man, notwithstanding his name, Faithful +is one of the vilest men in our country. He cares +for neither prince nor people, law nor custom, +but doth all that he can to possess all men with +certain of his disloyal notions, which he in the +general calls principles of faith and holiness. And +in particular, I heard him once myself affirm that +Christianity and the customs of our town of Vanity +were opposite, and could not be reconciled. By +which saying, my lord, he doth at once not only +condemn all our laudable doings, but us in the +doing of them."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Judge.</span> Then did the judge say to him, "Hast +thou any more to say?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Envy.</span> My lord, I could say much more, only I +would not be tiresome to the court. Yet, if need +be, when the other gentlemen have given in their +evidence, rather than anything shall be wanting +that will dispatch him, I will have more to speak +against him. So he was bid stand by.</p> + +<p>Then they called Superstition, and bade him +look upon the prisoner. They also asked what he +could say for their lord the king against him. +Then they sware him: so he began:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Super.</span> My lord, I have no great acquaintance +with this man, nor do I desire to have further +knowledge of him. However, this I know, that +he is a very pestilent fellow, from some discourse +the other day that I had with him in this town; +for then, talking with him, I heard him say that +our religion was naught, and such by which a man<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> +could by no means please God. Which saying of +his, my lord, your lordship very well knows what +necessarily thence will follow; to wit, that we +still do worship in vain, are yet in our sins, and +finally shall be destroyed: and this is that which +I have to say.</p> + +<p>Then was Pickthank sworn, and bid say what +he knew, in behalf of their lord the king, against +the prisoner at the bar.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pick.</span> My lord, and you gentlemen all, this +fellow I have known a long time, and have heard +him speak things that ought not to be spoken, +for he hath railed on our noble prince Beelzebub, +and hath spoken contemptuously of his honorable +friends, whose names are, the Lord Old-man, the +Lord Carnal-Delight, the Lord Luxurious, the +Lord Desire-of-Vain-Glory, my old Lord Lust, +Sir Having Greedy, with all the rest of our nobility +and he hath said, moreover, that, if all men were +of his mind, if possible there is not one of these +noblemen should have any longer a being in this +town. Besides, he has not been afraid to rail on +you, my lord, who are now appointed to be his +judge, calling you an ungodly villain, with many +other such-like abusive terms, with which he hath +bespattered most of the gentry of our town.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Judge.</span> When this Pickthank had told his tale, +the judge directed his speech to the prisoner at +the bar, saying, "Thou runagate, heretic, and +traitor! hast thou heard what these honest gentlemen +have witnessed against thee?"</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> May I speak a few words in my own +defense?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Judge.</span> Sirrah, sirrah, thou deservest to live no +longer, but to be slain immediately upon the +place; yet, that all men may see our gentleness +towards thee, let us hear what thou, vile runagate, +hast to say.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Faith.</span> 1. I say, then, in answer to what Mr. +Envy hath spoken, I have never said aught but +this, that what rule, or laws, or custom, or people +were flat against the Word of God, are opposite +to Christianity. If I have said amiss in this, +convince me of my error, and I am ready here +before you to take back my words.</p> + +<p>2. As to the second, to wit, Mr. Superstition +and his charge against me, I said only this, that in +the worship of God there is required true faith. +But there can be no true faith without a knowledge +of the will of God. Therefore, whatever is +thrust into the worship of God that is not agreeable +to the word of God will not profit to eternal life.</p> + +<p>3. As to what Mr. Pickthank hath said, I say +(avoiding terms, as that I am said to rail, and the +like), that the prince of this town, with all the +rabblement his attendants, by this gentleman +named, are more fit for a being in hell than in this +town and country. And so the Lord have mercy +upon me!</p> + +<p>Then the judge called to the jury (who all this +while stood by to hear and observe), "Gentlemen +of the jury, you see this man about whom so great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +an uproar hath been made in this town; you have +also heard what these worthy gentlemen have +witnessed against him; also you have heard his +reply and confession. It lieth now in your +breast to hang him or to save his life; but yet I +think meet to instruct you into our law.</p> + +<p>"There was an act made in the days of Pharaoh, +the great servant to our prince, that, lest those of +a contrary religion should multiply and grow +too strong for him, their males should be thrown +into the river. There was also an act made in +the days of Nebuchadnezzar the Great, another +of his servants, that whoever would not fall down +and worship his golden image should be thrown +into a fiery furnace. There was also an act made +in the days of Darius, that whoso for some time +called upon any god but him should be cast into +the lions' den. Now, the substance of these laws +this rebel has broken, not only in thought (which +is not to be borne,) but also in word and deed, +which must, therefore, needs be intolerable. You +see he disputeth against our religion; and for the +reason that he hath confessed he deserveth to die +the death."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">FAITHFUL DIES AT THE STAKE</div> + +<p>Then went the jury out, whose names were Mr. +Blind-man, Mr. No-good, Mr. Malice, Mr. Love-lust, +Mr. Live-loose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, +Mr. Enmity, Mr. Liar, Mr. Cruelty, Mr. Hate-light, +and Mr. Implacable, who every one gave in +his private voice against him among themselves, +and afterwards unanimously concluded to bring<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span> +him in guilty before the Judge. And first among +themselves, Mr. Blind-man, the foreman, said, +"I see clearly that this man is a heretic." Then +said Mr. No-good, "Away with such a fellow from +the earth!" "Ay," said Mr. Malice, "for I hate +the very look of him." Then said Mr. Love-lust, +"I could never endure him." "Nor I," said Mr. +Live-loose; "for he would always be condemning +my way." "Hang him, hang him!" said Mr. +Heady. "A sorry scrub," said Mr. High-mind. +"My heart riseth against him," said Mr. Enmity. +"He is a rogue," said Mr. Liar. "Hanging is too +good for him," said Mr. Cruelty. "Let us dispatch +him out of the way," said Mr. Hate-light. +Then said Mr. Implacable, "Might I have all the +world given to me, I could not be reconciled to +him; therefore let us forthwith bring him in guilty +of death."</p> + +<p>And so they did: therefore he was presently +condemned to be had from the place where he was, +to the place from whence he came, and there to be +put to the most cruel death that could be invented.</p> + +<p>They therefore brought him out, to do with +him according to their law; and first they scourged +him, then they buffeted him, then they lanced his +flesh with knives; after that they stoned him with +stones, then pricked him with their swords, and, +last of all, they burned him to ashes at the stake. +Thus came Faithful to his end.</p> + +<p>Now, I saw that there stood behind the multitude +a chariot and a couple of horses waiting for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> +Faithful, who (so soon as his enemies had slain +him) was taken up into it, and straightway was +carried up through the clouds with sound of +trumpet the nearest way to the Celestial Gate. +But as for Christian, he had some delay, and was +sent back to prison; so he there remained for a +space. But He who overrules all things, having +the power of their rage in his own hand, so +wrought it about that Christian for that time +escaped them, and went his way. And as he +went, he sang, saying,</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Well, Faithful, thou hast faithfully professed</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Unto thy Lord, with whom thou shalt be blest,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">When faithless ones, with all their vain delights,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Are crying out under their hellish plights.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Sing, Faithful, sing, and let thy name survive;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">For though they killed thee, thou art yet alive."</span><a name="Christian" id="Christian"></a> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 400px;"><br /><br /> +<img src="images/i_140.jpg" width="400" height="618" alt="Hopeful and Christian." title="Hopeful and Christian." /> +<span class="caption">Hopeful and Christian.<br /> +<small>See page 120</small> + +</span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VII.</h2> + + +<p>Now, I saw in my dream, that Christian +went forth not alone; for there was one +whose name was Hopeful (being so +made by looking upon Christian and Faithful in +their words and behavior in their sufferings at the +fair,) who joined himself unto him, and, entering +into a brotherly pledge told him that he would be +his companion. Thus one died to show faithfulness +to the truth, and another rises out of his +ashes to be a companion with Christian in his +pilgrimage. This Hopeful also told Christian that +there were many more of the men in the fair that +would take their time and follow after.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">BY-ENDS OF FAIR-SPEECH</div> + +<p>So I saw that, quickly after they were got out +of the fair, they overtook one that was going +before them, whose name was By-ends; so they +said to him, "What countryman, sir? and how far +go you this way?" He told them that he came +from the town of Fair-speech, and he was going +to the Celestial City; but told them not his name.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "From Fair-speech! are there any that +be good live there?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> "Yes," said By-ends, "I hope."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Pray, sir, what may I call you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> I am a stranger to you, and you to me: +if you be going this way, I shall be glad of your +company; if not, I must be content.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> This town of Fair-speech, I have heard +of it; and, as I remember, they say it's a wealthy +place.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> Yes, I will assure you that it is; and I +have very many rich kindred there.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Pray, who are your kindred there? if a +man may be so bold.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> Almost the whole town; but in particular +my Lord Turnabout, my Lord Timeserver, my +Lord Fair-speech, from whose ancestors that +town first took its name; also Mr. Smooth-man, +Mr. Facing-both-ways, Mr. Anything; and the +parson of our parish, Mr. Two-tongues, was my +mother's own brother by father's side; and to +tell you the truth, I am become a gentleman of +good quality; yet my great-grandfather was but +a waterman, looking one way and rowing another, +and I got most of my estate by the same occupation.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Are you a married man?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> Yes, and my wife is a very virtuous +woman, the daughter of a virtuous woman; she +was my Lady Feigning's daughter: therefore she +came of a very honorable family, and is arrived +to such a pitch of breeding, that she knows how +to carry it to all, even to prince and peasant. +'Tis true we somewhat differ in religion from those +of the stricter sort, yet but in two small points: +First, we never strive against wind and tide; +secondly, we are always most zealous when +Religion is well dressed and goes in his silver<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> +slippers: we love much to walk with him in the +street if the sun shines and the people praise him.</p> + +<p>Then Christian stepped a little aside to his +fellow Hopeful, saying, "It runs in my mind that +this is one By-ends, of Fair-speech; and if it be he, +we have as very a knave in our company as +dwelleth in all these parts." Then said Hopeful, +"Ask him; methinks he should not be ashamed +of his name." So Christian came up with him +again, and said, "Sir, you talk as if you knew +something more than all the world doth; and if +I take not my mark amiss, I deem I have half a +guess of you. Is not your name Mr. By-ends, +of Fair-speech?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> This is not my name; but, indeed, it is a +nickname that is given me by some that cannot +abide me, and I must be content to bear it as a +reproach, as other good men have borne theirs +before me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But did you never give an occasion to +men to call you by this name?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> Never, never! The worst that ever I did +to give them an occasion to give me this name +was, that I had always the luck to jump in my +judgment with the present way of the times, +whatever it was, and my chance was to gain +thereby. But if things are thus cast upon me, +let me count them a blessing; but let not the +malicious load me therefore with reproach.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I thought, indeed, that you were the +man that I heard of; and, to tell you what I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> +think, I fear this name belongs to you more +properly than you are willing we should think +it doth.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> Well, if you will thus imagine, I cannot +help it: you shall find me a fair company-keeper +if you still admit me your companion.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> If you will go with us, you must go +against wind and tide; the which, I perceive, is +against your opinion; you must also own Religion +in his rags, as well as when in his silver slippers; +and stand by him, too, when bound in irons, as +well as when he walketh the streets with applause.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> You must not impose or lord it over my +faith; leave it to my liberty, and let me go with +you.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Not a step farther, unless you will do +in what I declare as we do.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> Then said By-ends, "I never desert my old +principles, since they are harmless and profitable. +If I may not go with you, I must do as I did before +you overtook me, even go by myself, until some +overtake me that will be glad of my company."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MONEY-LOVE'S PRINCIPLES</div> + +<p>Now, I saw in my dream that Christian and +Hopeful forsook him, and kept their distance +before him; but one of them, looking back, saw +three men following Mr. By-ends; and, behold, as +they came up with him, he made them a very low +bow, and they also gave him a compliment. The +men's names were Mr. Hold-the-world, Mr. Money-love, +and Mr. Save-all; men that Mr. By-ends +had been formerly acquainted with; for in their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> +boyhood they were schoolfellows, and taught by +one Mr. Gripe-man a schoolmaster in Love-gain, +which is a market town in the county of Coveting, +in the North. This schoolmaster taught them the +art of getting, either by violence, cheating, flattery, +lying, or by putting on a pretence of religion; and +these four gentlemen had learned much of the art +of their master, so that they could each of them +have kept such a school themselves.</p> + +<p>Well, when they had, as I said, thus saluted +each other, Mr. Money-love said to Mr. By-ends, +"Who are they upon the road before us?" for +Christian and Hopeful were yet within view.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> They are a couple of far countrymen, that, +after their mode, are going on pilgrimage.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Money.</span> Alas! why did they not stay, that we +might have had their good company? for they, +and we, and you, sir, I hope, are all going on +pilgrimage.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> We are so, indeed; but the men before us +are so rigid, and love so much their own notions, +and do also so lightly esteem the opinions of +others, that, let a man be ever so godly, yet, if he +agrees not with them in all things, they thrust +him quite out of their company.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Save.</span> That is bad; but we read of some that +are righteous overmuch, and such men's rigidness +makes them to judge and condemn all but themselves. +But I pray, what and how many were the +things wherein you differed?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">By.</span> Why, they, after their headstrong manner<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> +conclude that it is their duty to rush on their +journey all weathers; and I am for waiting for +wind and tide. They are for taking the risk of all +for God at a clap; and I am for taking all advantages +to secure my life and property. They are +for holding their notions, though all other men +be against them; but I am for religion in what +and so far as, the times and my safety will bear it. +They are for Religion when in rags and contempt; +but I am for him when he walks in his golden +slippers, in the sunshine, and with applause.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hold.</span> Ay, and hold you there still, good Mr. +By-ends; for, for my part, I can count him but a +fool, that, having the liberty to keep what he has, +shall be so unwise as to lose it. Let us be wise as +serpents. It is best to make hay while the sun +shines. You see how the bee lieth still all winter, +and bestirs her only when she can have profit and +pleasure. God sends sometimes rain and sometimes +sunshine; if they be such fools to go through +the rain, yet let us be content to take fair weather +along with us. For my part, I like that religion +best that will stand with the safety of God's good +blessings unto us; for who can imagine, that is +ruled by his reason, since God has bestowed upon +us the good things of this life, but that He would +have us keep them for His sake? Abraham and +Solomon grew rich in religion; and Job says that +"a good man should lay up gold as dust;" but he +must not be such as the men before us, if they be +as you have described them.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span><span class="smcap">Save.</span> I think that we are all agreed in this +matter, and therefore there needs no more words +about it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Money.</span> No, there needs no more words about +this matter, indeed; for he that believes neither +Scripture nor reason (and you see we have both +on our side), neither knows his own liberty nor +seeks his own safety.</p> + +<p>And so these four men, Mr. By-ends, Mr. +Money-love, Mr. Save-all, and old Mr. Hold-the-world, +walked on together, while Christian and +Hopeful were far in advance.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIAN AND HOPEFUL</div> + +<p>Then Christian and Hopeful went on till they +came to a delicate plain, called Ease, where they +went with much content; but that plain was but +narrow, so they were quickly got over it. Now at +the farther side of that plain was a little hill, +called Lucre,<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> and in that hill a silver mine, +which some of them that had formerly gone that +way, because of the rarity of it, had turned aside +to see; but going too near the brink of the pit, the +ground, being deceitful under them, broke, and +they were slain; some also had been maimed +there, and could not to their dying day be their +own men again.</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream that a little off the +road, over against the silver mine, stood Demas +(gentleman-like) to call to passengers to come +and see; who said to Christian and his fellow, "Ho! +turn aside hither, and I will show you a thing."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> What thing so deserving as to turn us +out of the way?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Demas.</span> Here is a silver mine, and some digging +in it for treasure; if you will come, with a +little pains you may richly provide for yourselves.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Then said Hopeful, "Let us go see."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Not I," said Christian. "I have heard +of this place before now, and how many have +there been slain; and besides, that treasure is a +snare to those that seek it, for it hindereth them +in their pilgrimage."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then Christian called to Demas, saying, +"Is not the place dangerous? Hath it not +hindered many in their pilgrimage?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Demas.</span> Not very dangerous, except to those +that are careless. But withal, he blushed as he +spake.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian to Hopeful, "Let +us not stir a step, but still keep on our way."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I will warrant you, when By-ends comes +up, if he hath the same invitation as we, he will +turn in thither to see.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> No doubt thereof, for his principles lead +him that way; and a hundred to one but he dies +there.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Demas.</span> Then Demas called out again, saying, +"But will you not come over and see?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then Christian roundly answered, saying, +"Demas, thou art an enemy to the right ways +of the Lord of this way, and hast been already<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> +condemned for thine own turning aside, by one of +His Majesty's judges; and why seekest thou to +have us condemned also? Besides, if we at all +turn aside, our Lord the King will certainly hear +thereof, and will there put us to shame where we +should stand with boldness before Him."</p> + +<p>Demas cried again that he also was one of their +company, a pilgrim like themselves, and that, if +they would tarry a little, he also himself would +walk with them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian, "What is thy name? +Is it not the same by the which I have called +thee?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Demas.</span> Yes, my name is Demas; I am the son +of Abraham.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I know you: Gehazi was your great-grandfather, +and Judas your father, and you have +trod in their steps. It is but a devilish prank that +thou usest: thy father was hanged for a traitor, +and thou deservest no better reward. Assure +thyself that when we come to the King, we will +tell him of this thy behavior. Thus they went +their way.</p> + +<p>By this time By-ends and his companions were +come again within sight, and they at the first beck +went over to Demas. Now, whether they fell into +the pit by looking over the brink thereof, or +whether they went down to dig, or whether +they were smothered in the bottom by the +damps that commonly arise, of these things +I am not certain; but this I observed, that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span> +they never were seen again in the way. Then +sang Christian:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"By-ends and silver Demas both agree;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">One calls; the other runs, that he may be</span><br /> +<span class="i0">A sharer in his lucre; so these two</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Take up in this world, and no farther go."</span> +</div> + +<p>Now, I saw that just on the other side of the +plain the pilgrims came to a place where stood an +old monument hard by the highway-side; at the +sight of which they were both concerned, because +of the strangeness of the form thereof; for it +seemed to them as if it had been a woman changed +into the shape of a pillar. Here, therefore, they +stood looking and looking upon it, but could not +for a time tell what they should make thereof. +At last Hopeful espied written above, upon the +head thereof, a writing in an unusual hand; but +he, being no scholar, called to Christian (for he +was learned,) to see if he could pick out the meaning; +so he came, and after a little laying of letters +together, he found the same to be this, "Remember +Lot's wife." So he read it to his fellow; after +which, they both concluded that that was the +pillar of salt into which Lot's wife was turned, for +her looking back with a covetous heart when she +was going from Sodom. Which sudden and +amazing sight gave them occasion for speaking +thus:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Ah, my brother! this is a seasonable +sight. It came just in time to us after the invitation +which Demas gave us to come over to view<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> +the hill Lucre; and, had we gone over, as he +desired us, and as thou wast inclining to do, my +brother, we had, for aught I know, been made ourselves, +like this woman, a spectacle for those that +shall come after to behold.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I am sorry that I was so foolish, and am +made to wonder that I am not now as Lot's wife; +for wherein was the difference betwixt her sin and +mine? She only looked back, and I had a desire +to go see. Let God's goodness be praised; and +let me be ashamed that ever such a thing should +be in mine heart.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Let us take notice of what we see here, +for our help for time to come. This woman +escaped one judgment, for she fell not by the +destruction of Sodom; yet she was destroyed by +another, as we see: she is turned into a pillar of +salt.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> What a mercy is it that neither thou, +but especially I, am not made myself this example! +This gives reason to us to thank God, to fear before +Him and always to remember Lot's wife.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">RIVER OF THE WATER OF LIFE</div> + +<p>I saw, then, that they went on their way to a +pleasant river, which David the King called "the +river of God," but John, "the river of the water of +life." Now their way lay just upon the bank of +this river; here, therefore, Christian and his companion +walked with great delight; they drank also +of the water of the river, which was pleasant and +enlivening to their weary spirits. Besides, on the +banks of this river on either side were green trees<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span> +that bore all manner of fruit; and the leaves of the +trees were good for medicine; with the fruit of +these trees they were also much delighted; and +the leaves they ate to prevent illness, especially +such diseases that come to those that heat their +blood by travels. On either side of the river was +also a meadow, curiously beautified with lilies, +and it was green all the year long. In this meadow +they lay down and slept, for here they might lie +down safely. When they awoke, they gathered +again of the fruit of the trees and drank again of +the water of the river, and they lay down again to +sleep. This they did several days and nights. +Then they sang:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Behold ye, how these crystal streams do glide,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">To comfort pilgrims by the highway-side;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The meadows green, besides their fragrant smell,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Yield dainties for them; and he who can tell</span><br /> +<span class="i0">What pleasant fruit, yea, leaves, these trees do yield,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Will soon sell all, that he may buy this field."</span> +</div> + +<p>So when they were disposed to go on (for they +were not as yet at their journey's end,) they ate +and drank, and departed.</p> + +<p>Now, I beheld in my dream that they had not +journeyed far, but the river and the way for a +time parted, at which they were not a little sorry; +yet they durst not go out of the way. Now the +way from the river was rough, and their feet +tender by reason of their travels; so the souls of +the pilgrims were much discouraged because of +the way. Wherefore, still as they went on they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> +wished for a better way. Now, a little before +them there was, on the left hand of the road, a +meadow, and a stile to go over into it, and that +meadow is called By-path Meadow. Then said +Christian to his fellow, "If this meadow lieth +along by our wayside, let's go over it." Then he +went to the stile to see; and behold, a path lay +along by the way on the other side of the fence. +"It is according to my wish," said Christian; "here +is the easiest going. Come, good Hopeful, and +let us go over."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> But how if this path should lead us out +of the way?</p> + +<div class="sidenote">VAIN-CONFIDENCE</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "That is not likely," said the other. +"Look, doth it not go along by the wayside?" So +Hopeful, being persuaded by his fellow, went after +him over the stile. When they were gone over, +and were got into the path, they found it very +easy to their feet; and withal, they, looking before +them, espied a man walking as they did, and his +name was Vain-Confidence: so they called after +him, and asked him whither that way led. He +said, "To the Celestial Gate." "Look," said +Christian, "did not I tell you so? By this you +may see we are right." So they followed, and he +went before them. But, behold, the night came +on, and it grew very dark; so that they that were +behind lost sight of him that went before. He, +therefore, that went before (Vain-Confidence by +name) not seeing the way before him, fell into +a deep pit, which was on purpose there made<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> +by the prince of those grounds to catch +careless fools, withal and was dashed in pieces +with his fall.</p> + +<p>Now Christian and his fellow heard him fall. +So they called to know the matter; but there was +none to answer, only they heard a groaning. +Then said Hopeful, "Where are we now?" Then +was his fellow silent, as mistrusting that he had +led him out of the way; and now it began to rain, +and thunder, and lighten in a most dreadful manner, +and the water rose amain.</p> + +<p>Then Hopeful groaned in himself, saying, "Oh +that I had kept on my way!"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Who could have thought that this path +should have led us out of the way?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I was afraid on't at the very first, and +therefore gave you that gentle caution. I would +have spoken plainer, but that you are older than I.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Good brother, be not offended. I am +very sorry I have brought thee out of the way, +and that I have put thee into such great danger. +Pray, my brother, forgive me: I did not do it of +any evil intent.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Be comforted, my brother, for I forgive +thee, and believe, too, that this shall be for our +good.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I am glad I have with me a merciful +brother; but we must not stand still: let us try +to go back again.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> But, good brother, let me go before.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> No, if you please; let me go first, that,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> +if there be any danger, I may be first therein, +because by my means we are both gone out of +the way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> "No, you shall not go first; for your +mind being troubled may lead you out of the +way again." Then for their encouragement they +heard the voice of one saying, "Let thine heart +be towards the highway, even the way that thou +wentest; turn again." But by this time the +waters were greatly risen, by reason of which +the way of going back was very dangerous. +(Then I thought that it is easier going out of the +way when we are in, than going in when we are +out.) Yet they undertook to go back; but it was +so dark, and the flood so high, that, in their going +back, they had like to have been drowned nine or +ten times.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">GIANT DESPAIR</div> + +<p>Neither could they, with all the skill they had, +get again to the stile that night. Wherefore, at +last lighting under a little shelter, they sat down +there until daybreak; but, being weary, they fell +asleep. Now, there was, not far from the place +where they lay, a castle, called Doubting Castle +the owner whereof was Giant Despair, and it was +in his grounds they now were sleeping; wherefore +he, getting up in the morning early, and walking +up and down in his fields, caught Christian and +Hopeful asleep in his grounds. Then, with a +grim and surly voice, he bid them awake, and +asked them whence they were, and what they did +in his grounds. They told him they were pilgrims,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> +and that they had lost their way. Then said the +giant, "You have this night trespassed on me by +trampling in and lying on my grounds, and therefore +you must go along with me." So they were +forced to go, because he was stronger than they. +They had also but little to say, for they knew +themselves in fault. The giant, therefore, drove +them before him, and put them into his castle, +into a very dark dungeon, nasty and smelling +vilely to the spirits of these two men. Here, then, +they lay from Wednesday morning till Saturday +night, without one bit of bread or drop of drink, +or light, or any to ask how they did; they were, +therefore, here in evil case, and were far from +friends and people whom they knew. Now, in +this place Christian had double sorrow, because +it was through his thoughtless haste that they +were brought into this distress.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE PILGRIMS IN A DUNGEON</div> + +<p>Now, Giant Despair had a wife, and her name +was Diffidence. So, when he was gone to bed, he +told his wife what he had done; to wit, that he +had taken a couple of prisoners and cast them into +his dungeon for trespassing on his grounds. Then +he asked her also what he had best to do further +to them. So she asked him what they were, +whence they came, and whither they were bound; +and he told her. Then she advised him, that +when he arose in the morning, he should beat +them without any mercy. So, when he arose, he +getteth him a grievous crab-tree cudgel, and goes +down into the dungeon to them, and there first fell<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> +to abusing them as if they were dogs, although +they never gave him a word of distaste. Then he +falls upon them, and beats them fearfully, in such +sort that they were not able to help themselves, or +to turn them upon the floor. This done, he withdraws +and leaves them there to sorrow over their +misery and to mourn under their distress. So all +that day they spent their time in nothing but sighs +and bitter grief. The next night she, talking with +her husband about them further, and understanding +that they were yet alive, did advise him to tell +them to make away with themselves. So, when +morning was come, he goes to them in a surly +manner, as before and, perceiving them to be +very sore with the stripes that he had given them +the day before, he told them that, since they were +never like to come out of that place, their only +way would be forthwith to make an end of themselves, +either with knife, halter, or poison: "For +why," said he, "should you choose life, seeing it is +attended with so much bitterness?" But they +desired him to let them go. With that, he looked +ugly upon them, and rushing to them, had doubtless +made an end of them himself, but that he fell +into one of his fits (for he sometimes, in sunshiny +weather, fell into fits), and lost for a time the use +of his hands, wherefore he withdrew, and left +them as before to consider what to do. Then did +the prisoners consult between themselves, whether +it was best to take his advice or no; and thus they +began to discourse:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Brother," said Christian, "what shall +we do? The life we now live is miserable. For +my part, I know not whether is best, to live thus, +or to die out of hand. My soul chooseth strangling +rather than life, and the grave is more easy +for me than this dungeon. Shall we be ruled by +the giant?"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">HOPEFUL CHEERS CHRISTIAN</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Indeed, our present condition is dreadful; +and death would be far more welcome to me +than thus for ever to abide. But yet, let us +think: the Lord of the country to which we are +going hath said, "Thou shalt do no murder," no, +not to another man's person; much more, then, +are we forbidden to take his advice to kill ourselves. +Besides, he that kills another can but commit +murder upon his body; but for one to kill himself +is to kill body and soul at once. And, moreover, +my brother, thou talkest of ease in the grave; but +hast thou forgotten the hell, whither, for certain, +the murderers go? for "no murderer hath eternal +life." And let us consider again, that all the law +is not in the hand of Giant Despair: others, so far +as I can understand, have been taken by him as +well as we, and yet have escaped out of his hand. +Who knows but that God, who made the world, +may cause that Giant Despair may die? or that, +at some time or other, he may forget to lock us in? +or that he may, in a short time, have another of his +fits before us, and he may lose the use of his limbs? +and if ever that should come to pass again, for my +part, I am resolved to pluck up the heart of a man,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span> +and try to my utmost to get from under his hand. +I was a fool that I did not try to do it before. But +however, my brother, let us be patient, and endure +awhile: the time may come that may give us a +happy release; but let us not be our own murderers.</p> + +<p>With these words, Hopeful at present did calm +the mind of his brother; so they continued +together in the dark that day, in their sad and +doleful condition.</p> + +<p>Well, towards evening, the giant goes down into +the dungeon again, to see if his prisoners had taken +his counsel. But, when he came there, he found +them alive; and truly, alive was all; for now, +what for want of bread and water, and by reason +of the wounds they received when he beat them, +they could do little but breathe. But, I say, he +found them alive; at which he fell into a grievous +rage, and told them that, seeing they had disobeyed +his counsel, it should be worse with them +than if they had never been born.</p> + +<p>At this they trembled greatly, and I think that +Christian fell into a swoon; but, coming a little +to himself again, they renewed their discourse +about the giant's advice and whether yet they had +best to take it or no. Now, Christian again +seemed for doing it; but Hopeful made his second +reply as followeth:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> "My brother," said he, "rememberest +thou not how valiant thou hast been heretofore? +Apollyon could not crush thee, nor could all that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span> +thou didst hear, or see, or feel in the Valley of the +Shadow of Death. What hardship, terror, and +amazement hast thou already gone through! and +art thou now nothing but fear? Thou seest that +I am in the dungeon with thee, a far weaker man +by nature than thou art; also this giant has +wounded me as well as thee, and hath also cut off +the bread and water from my mouth; and, with +thee, I mourn without the light. But let us have +a little more patience. Remember how thou +showedst thyself the man at Vanity Fair, and wast +neither afraid of the chain, nor cage, nor yet of +bloody death. Wherefore, let us (at least to +avoid the shame that it becomes not a Christian +to be found in) bear up with patience as well as +we can."</p> + +<p>Now, night being come again, and the giant +and his wife being in bed, she asked him concerning +the prisoners, and if they had taken his +advice: to which he replied, "They are sturdy +rogues; they choose rather to bear all hardship +than to make away with themselves." Then +said she, "Take them unto the castle-yard +to-morrow, and show them the bones and +skulls of those that thou hast already killed; +and make them believe, ere a week comes +to an end, thou wilt tear them also in +pieces, as thou hast done their fellows before +them."</p> + +<p>So when the morning was come, the giant goes +to them again, and takes them into the castle-yard<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span> +and shows them as his wife had bidden him. +"These," said he, "were pilgrims, as you are, once, +and they trespassed in my grounds as you have +done; and when I thought fit, I tore them in +pieces; and so within ten days I will do you. Go, +get you down to your den again." And, with +that, he beat them all the way thither. They lay, +therefore, all day on Saturday in a lamentable +case, as before. Now, when night was come, and +when Mrs. Diffidence and her husband, the giant +were got to bed, they began to renew their talking +of their prisoners; and withal, the old giant +wondered that he could neither by his blows nor +counsel bring them to an end. And, with that, +his wife replied, "I fear," said she, "that they +live in hope that some will come to relieve +them; or that they have picklocks about +them, by the means of which they hope to +escape." "And sayest thou so, my dear?" said +the giant: "I will therefore search them in the +morning."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE PILGRIMS ESCAPE</div> + +<p>Well, on Saturday about midnight, they began +to pray, and continued in prayer till almost break +of day.</p> + +<p>Now, a little before it was day, good Christian, +as one half amazed, brake out into this earnest +speech: "What a fool," quoth he, "am I to lie in a +foul-smelling dungeon, when I may as well walk +at liberty! I have a key in my bosom called +Promise, that will, I am sure, open any lock in +Doubting Castle." Then said Hopeful, "That is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> +good news, good brother: pluck it out of thy +bosom, and try."</p> + +<p>Then Christian pulled it out of his bosom, and +began to try at the dungeon door, whose bolt, as +he turned the key, gave back, and the door flew +open with ease, and Christian and Hopeful both +came out. Then he went to the outward door +that leads into the castle-yard, and with his key +opened that door also. After, he went to the iron +gate, for that must be opened too; but that lock +went exceedingly hard, yet the key did open it. +Then they thrust open the gate to make their +escape with speed; but that gate, as it opened, +made such a creaking, that it waked Giant Despair +who, hastily rising to pursue his prisoners, felt his +limbs to fail; for his fits took him again, so that he +could by no means go after them. Then they +went on, and came to the King's highway again, +and so were safe because they were out of Giant +Despair's rule.</p> + +<p>Now, when they were gone over the stile, they +began to contrive with themselves what they +should do at that stile to prevent those that +should come after from falling into the hands of +Giant Despair. So they agreed to build there a +pillar, and to engrave upon the side thereof this +sentence: "Over this stile is the way to Doubting +Castle, which is kept by Giant Despair, who +despiseth the King of the Celestial Country, and +seeks to destroy His holy pilgrims." Many, +therefore, that followed after, read what was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> +written, and escaped the danger. This done, +they sang as follows:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Out of the way we went, and then we found</span><br /> +<span class="i0">What 'twas to tread upon forbidden ground:</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And let them that come after have a care,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Lest heedlessness make them as we to fare;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Lest they for trespassing his prisoners are</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Whose Castle's Doubting, and whose name's Despair."</span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VIII.</h2> + +<div class="sidenote">THE DELECTABLE MOUNTAINS</div> +<p>They went then till they came to the Delectable<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> +Mountains, which mountains belong +to the Lord of that hill of which we +have spoken before. So they went up to the +mountains to behold the gardens and orchards, +the vineyards and fountains of water, where +also they drank and washed themselves, and did +freely eat of the vineyards. Now there were on +the tops of these mountains shepherds feeding +their flocks, and they stood by the highway-side. +The pilgrims, therefore, went to them, and leaning +upon their staves (as is common with weary +pilgrims when they stand to talk with any by +the way), they asked, "Whose delightful mountains +are these, and whose be the sheep that +feed upon them?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Shep.</span> These mountains are Immanuel's Land, +and they are within sight of His city; and the +sheep also are His, and He laid down His life for +them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Is this the way to the Celestial City?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Shep.</span> You are just in your way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> How far is it thither?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Shep.</span> Too far for any but those who shall get +thither indeed.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Is the way safe or dangerous?</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span><span class="smcap">Shep.</span> Safe for those for whom it is to be safe; +but sinners shall fall therein.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Is there in this place any relief for pilgrims +that are weary and faint in the way?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Shep.</span> The Lord of these mountains hath given +us a charge not to be forgetful to care for strangers; +therefore the good of the place is before you.</p> + +<p>I saw also in my dream that when the shepherds +perceived that they were wayfaring men, they also +put questions to them (to which they made answer +as in other places), as, "Whence came you?" and +"How got you into the way?" and, "By what +means have you so persevered therein? for but few +of them that begin to come hither do show their +faces on these mountains." But when the shepherds +heard their answers, being pleased therewith +they looked very lovingly upon them, and said, +"Welcome to the Delectable Mountains!"</p> + +<p>The shepherds, I say, whose names were Knowledge, +Experience, Watchful, and Sincere, took +them by the hand and took them to their tents, +and made them partake of what was ready at +present. They said moreover, "We would that +you should stay here awhile, to be acquainted +with us, and yet more to cheer yourselves with the +good of these Delectable Mountains." They then +told them that they were content to stay. So +they went to rest that night, because it was very late.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE SHEPHERDS CONDUCT THEM</div> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream that in the morning +the shepherds called up Christian and Hopeful to +walk with them upon the mountains. So they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> +went forth with them and walked a while, having +a pleasant prospect on every side. Then said the +shepherds one to another, "Shall we show these +pilgrims some wonders?" So, when they had +concluded to do it, they had them first to the top +of the hill called Error, which was very steep on +the farthest side, and bid them look down to the +bottom. So Christian and Hopeful looked down, +and saw at the bottom several men dashed all to +pieces by a fall they had had from the top. Then +said Christian, "What meaneth this?" Then the +shepherds answered, "Have you not heard of +them that were made to err, by hearkening to +Hymeneus and Philetus, as concerning the faith +of the rising from the dead?" They answered, +"Yes." Then said the shepherds, "Those you see +lie dashed to pieces at the bottom of this mountain +are they; and they have continued to this day +unburied, as you see, for an example to others to +take heed how they clamber too high, or how they +come too near the brink of this mountain."</p> + +<p>Then I saw that they had them to the top of +another mountain, and the name of that is Caution +and bid them look afar off; and when they did, +they perceived, as they thought, several men +walking up and down among the tombs that were +there; and they perceived that the men were +blind, because they stumbled sometimes upon the +tombs, and because they could not get out from +among them. Then said Christian, "What means +this?"</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>The shepherds then answered, "Did you not +see a little below these mountains a stile that led +into a meadow on the left hand side of this way?" +They answered, "Yes." Then said the shepherds, +"From that stile there goes a path that leads +directly to Doubting Castle, which is kept by +Giant Despair; and these men" (pointing to them +among the tombs) "came once on pilgrimage, as +you do now, even until they came to that same +stile. And because the right way was rough in +that place, they chose to go out of it into that +meadow, and there were taken by Giant Despair, +and cast into Doubting Castle, where, after they +had been kept a while in the dungeon, he at last +did put out their eyes, and led them among those +tombs, where he has left them to wander to this +very day, that the saying of the Wise Man might +be fulfilled, 'He that wandereth out of the way of +knowledge, shall remain in the congregation of the +dead.'" Then Christian and Hopeful looked +upon one another with tears gushing out, but yet +said nothing to the shepherds.</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream, that the shepherds +had them to another place in a bottom, where was +a door on the side of a hill; and they opened the +door, and bid them look in. They looked in, +therefore, and saw that within it was very dark +and smoky; they also thought that they heard +there a rumbling noise, as of fire, and a cry of some +tormented, and that they smelt the scent of brimstone. +Then said Christian, "What means this?"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> +The shepherds told them, "This is a by-way to +hell, a way that hypocrites go in at: namely, such +as sell their birthright, with Esau; such as sell +their master, with Judas; such as blaspheme the +Gospel, with Alexander; and that lie and deceive +with Ananias and Sapphira his wife."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Then said Hopeful to the shepherds, +"I perceive that these had on them, even every +one, a show of pilgrimage, as we have now; had +they not?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Shep.</span> Yes, and held it a long time too.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> How far might they go on in pilgrimage +in their day, since they notwithstanding were thus +miserably cast away?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Shep.</span> Some farther, and some not so far as +these mountains.</p> + +<p>Then said the pilgrims one to another, "We +have need to cry to the Strong for strength."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Shep.</span> Ay, and you will have need to use it +when you have it, too.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">GATE OF THE CELESTIAL CITY</div> + +<p>By this time the pilgrims had a desire to go +forward, and the shepherds a desire they should; +so they walked together towards the end of the +mountains. Then said the shepherds one to +another, "Let us here show to the pilgrims the +gate of the Celestial City, if they have skill to look +through our perspective glass."<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> The pilgrims +then lovingly accepted the motion; so they had +them to the top of a high hill called Clear, and gave +them their glass to look.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>Then they tried to look; but the remembrance +of that last thing, that the shepherds had showed +them, made their hands shake, by means of which +hindrance they could not look steadily through +the glass; yet they thought they saw something +like the gate, and also some of the glory of the +place. Thus they went away, and sang this song:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Thus by the shepherds secrets are revealed,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Which from all other men are kept concealed.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Come to the shepherds, then, if you would see</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Things deep, things hid, and that mysterious be."</span> +</div> + +<p>When they were about to depart, one of the +shepherds gave them a note of the way. Another +of them bid them beware of the Flatterer. The +third bid them take heed that they slept not upon +the Enchanted Ground. And the fourth bid +them God speed.</p> + +<p>So I awoke from my dream.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IX.</h2> +<div class="sidenote">THEY OVERTAKE IGNORANCE</div> + +<p>And I slept, and dreamed again, and saw +the same two pilgrims going down the +mountains along the highway towards +the city. Now, a little below these mountains, +on the left hand, lieth the country of Conceit; +from which country there comes into the way in +which the pilgrims walked a little crooked lane. +Here, therefore, they met with a very brisk lad, +that came out of that country, and his name was +Ignorance. So Christian asked him from what +parts he came, and whither he was going.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> Sir, I was born in the country that +lieth off there a little on the left hand, and I am +going to the Celestial City.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But how do you think to get in at the +gate? for you may find some difficulty there.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> As other people do.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But what have you to show at the gate, +that may cause that the gate should be opened +to you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> I know my Lord's will, and have been a +good liver; I pay every man his own; I pray, fast, +pay money to the church and give to the poor, and +have left my country for whither I am going.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But thou camest not in at the wicket-gate +that is at the head of this way: thou camest +in hither through that same crooked lane; and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span> +therefore I fear, however thou mayest think of thyself, +when the reckoning day shall come, thou wilt +have laid to thy charge that thou art a thief and a +robber, instead of getting admittance into the city.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> Gentlemen, ye be utter strangers to me: +I know you not: be content to follow the custom +of your country, and I will follow the custom of +mine. I hope all will be well. And, as for the +gate that you talk of, all the world knows that +that is a great way off of our country. I cannot +think that any man in all our parts doth so much +as know the way to it; nor need they matter +whether they do or no, since we have, as you see, +a fine, pleasant green lane, that comes down from +our country, the next way into the way.</p> + +<p>When Christian saw that the man was wise in +his own opinion, he said to Hopeful, whisperingly, +"There is more hope of a fool than of him." And +said, moreover "When he that is a fool walketh +by the way, his wisdom faileth him, and he saith +to every one that he is a fool. What! shall we +talk further with him, or outgo him at present, +and so leave him to think of what he hath heard +already, and then stop again for him afterwards, +and see if by degrees we can do any good to him?"</p> + +<p>Then said Hopeful:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Let Ignorance a little while now muse</span><br /> +<span class="i0">On what is said, and let him not refuse</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Good counsel to embrace, lest he remain</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Still ignorant of what's the chiefest gain.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">God saith, those that no understanding have</span><br /> +<span class="i0">(Although He made them), them He will not save."</span> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> He further added, "It is not good, I +think, to say all to him at once: let us pass him by, +if you will, and talk to him by and by, even as he +is able to bear it."</p> + +<p>So they both went on, and Ignorance he came +after. Now, when they had passed him a little +way, they entered into a very dark lane, where +they met a man whom seven devils had bound +with seven strong cords, and were carrying of him +back to the door that they saw on the side of the +hill. Now good Christian began to tremble, and +so did Hopeful his companion; yet, as the devils +led away the man, Christian looked to see if he +knew him; and he thought it might be one Turn-away, +that dwelt in the town of Apostasy. But +he did not perfectly see his face, for he did hang +his head like a thief that is found; but being gone +past, Hopeful looked after him, and espied on his +back a paper with this inscription, "One who was +wicked while claiming to be good, and turned away +from God."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THREE STURDY ROGUES</div> + +<p>Then said Christian to his fellow, "Now I call to +remembrance that which was told of a thing that +happened to a good man hereabout. The name +of that man was Little-Faith, but a good man, and +dwelt in the town of Sincere. The thing was this: +At the entering in at this passage, there comes +down from Broad-way Gate a lane called Dead +Man's Lane; so-called because of the murders that +are commonly done there; and this Little-Faith, +going on pilgrimage as we do now, chanced to sit<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> +down there, and slept. Now, there happened at +that time to come down that lane, from Broad-way +Gate, three sturdy rogues, and their names were +Faint-heart, Mistrust, and Guilt, three brothers; +and they espying Little-Faith, where he was, came +galloping up with speed. Now, the good man was +just awaked from his sleep, and was getting up to +go on his journey. So they came up all to him, +and with threatening language bid him stand. +At this, Little-Faith looked as white as a sheet +and had neither power to fight nor fly. Then said +Faint-heart, 'Deliver thy purse;' but, he making +no haste to do it (for he was loth to lose his money) +Mistrust ran up to him, and, thrusting his hand +into his pocket, pulled out thence a bag of silver. +Then he cried out, 'Thieves! thieves!' With that, +Guilt, with a great club that was in his hand, +struck Little-Faith on the head, and with that +blow felled him flat to the ground, where he lay +bleeding as one that would bleed to death. All +this while the thieves stood by. But, at last, they +hearing that some were upon the road, and fearing +lest it should be one Great-Grace, that dwells in +the city of Good-Confidence, they betook themselves +to their heels, and left this good man to +shift for himself. Now, after a while, Little-Faith +came to himself, and, getting up, made shift to +scramble on his way. This was the story."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> But did they take from him all that ever +he had?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> No; the place where his jewels were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> +they never ransacked; so those he kept still. But +as I was told, the good man was much afflicted for +his loss, for the thieves got most of his spending +money. That which they got not, as I said, were +jewels; also he had a little odd money left, but +scarce enough to bring him to his journey's end. +Nay, if I was not misinformed, he was forced to +beg as he went, to keep himself alive, for his jewels +he might not sell; but, beg and do what he could, +he went, as we say, often with a hungry stomach +the most part of the rest of the way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> But is it not a wonder they got not from +him his certificate, by which he was to receive +admission at the Celestial Gate?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> It is a wonder; but they got not that, +though they missed it not through any cunning of +his; for he, being dismayed by their coming upon +him, had neither power nor skill to hide anything; +so it was more by good providence than by his +endeavor, that they missed of that good thing.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> But it must needs be a comfort to him +that they got not his jewels from him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> It might have been great comfort to +him, had he used it as he should; but they that +told me the story said, that he made but little use +of it all the rest of the way, and that because of the +alarm that he had in their taking away his money. +Indeed, he forgot it a great part of the rest of his +journey; and besides, when at any time it came +into his mind, and he began to be comforted therewith, +then would fresh thoughts of his loss come<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> +again upon him, and those thoughts would +swallow up all.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">HOPEFUL REBUKED</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Alas, poor man! this could not but be a +great grief unto him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Grief! ay, a grief indeed. Would it not +have been so to any of us, had we been used as he, +to be robbed and wounded too, and that in a +strange place, as he was? It is a wonder he did +not die with grief, poor heart! I was told that he +scattered almost all the rest of the way with nothing +but doleful and bitter complaints; telling also +to all that overtook him, or that he overtook in +the way as he went, where he was robbed, and +how; who they were that did it, and what he had +lost; how he was wounded, and that he hardly +escaped with life.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> But it is a wonder that his necessities +did not put him upon selling or pawning some of +his jewels, that he might have wherewith to +relieve himself in his journey.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Thou talkest like one whose head is +thick to this very day. For what should he pawn +them, or to whom should he sell them? In all +that country where he was robbed, his jewels were +not accounted of; nor did he want that relief +which could from thence be administered to him. +Besides, had his jewels been missing at the gate of +the Celestial City, he had (and that he knew well +enough) been shut out from an inheritance there; +and that would have been worse to him than the +coming and villany of ten thousand thieves.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> But, Christian, these three fellows, +I am persuaded in my heart, are but a company +of cowards: would they have run else, +think you, as they did at the noise of one +that was coming on the road? Why did not +Little-Faith pluck up a greater heart? He +might, methinks, have stood one brush with +them, and have yielded when there had been +no remedy.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> That they are cowards many have said, +but few have found it so in the time of trial. As +for a great heart, Little-Faith had none; and I +perceive by thee, my brother, hadst thou been the +man concerned, thou art but for a brush, and then +to yield. And, verily, since this is the height of +thy courage now they are at a distance from us, +should they appear to thee as they did to him, +they might put thee to second thoughts. But +consider again, they are but journeymen-thieves; +they serve under the king of the bottomless pit, +who, if need be, will come in to their aid himself, +and his voice is as the roaring of a lion. I myself +have been engaged as this Little-Faith was, and I +found it a terrible thing. These three villains +set upon me: and I beginning like a Christian to +resist, they gave but a call, and in came their +master. I would, as the saying is, have given my +life for a penny, but that, as God would have it, +I was clothed with armor of proof. Ay, and yet, +though I was so protected, I found it hard work +to quit myself like a man. No man can tell what<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> +in that combat attends us, but he that hath been +in the battle himself.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">LITTLE-FAITH AND GREAT-GRACE</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Well, but they ran, you see, when they +did but suppose that one Great-Grace was in the +way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> True, they have often fled, both they +and their master, when Great-Grace hath but +appeared; and no marvel, for he is the King's +champion. But I trow you will put some difference +between Little-Faith and the King's +champion? All the King's subjects are not His +champions, nor can they when tried do such feats +of war as he. Is it meet to think that a little child +should handle Goliath as David did? or that there +should be the strength of an ox in a wren? Some +are strong, some are weak; some have great faith, +some have little: this man was one of the weak, +and therefore he went to the wall.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I would it had been Great-Grace for +their sakes.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> If it had been he, he might have had his +hands full; for I must tell you that though Great-Grace +is excellent good at his weapons, and has, +and can, so long as he keeps them at sword's point, +do well enough with them; yet, if they get within +him, even Faint-heart, Mistrust, or the other, it +shall go hard but they will throw up his heels. +And when a man is down, you know, what can +he do?</p> + +<p>Whoso looks well upon Great-Grace's face will +see those scars and cuts there, that shall easily<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> +give proof of what I say. Yea, once I heard that +he should say (and that when he was in the combat), +"We despaired even of life." How did these +sturdy rogues and their fellows make David groan, +mourn, and roar! Yea, Heman, and Hezekiah +too, though champions in their days, were forced +to bestir when by these attacked; and yet, notwithstanding, +they had their coats soundly +brushed by them. Peter, upon a time, would go +try what he could do; but though some do say of +him that he is the prince of the apostles, they +handled him so that they made him at last afraid +of a sorry girl.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">LITTLE-FAITH AMONG THIEVES</div> + +<p>Besides, their king is at their whistle—he is +never out of hearing; and if at any time they be +put to the worst, he, if possible, comes in to help +them; and of him it is said, "The sword of him +that layeth at him cannot hold; the spear, the +dart, nor the habergeon. He esteemeth iron as +straw, and brass as rotten wood. The arrow cannot +make him flee; sling-stones are turned with +him into stubble. Darts are counted as stubble: +he laugheth at the shaking of a spear." What +can a man do in this case? It is true, if a man +could at every turn have Job's horse, and had +skill and courage to ride him, he might do notable +things. For his neck is clothed with thunder. +He will not be afraid as the grasshopper: "the +glory of his nostrils is terrible. He paweth in the +valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth on +to meet the armed men. He mocketh at fear, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> +is not affrighted, neither turneth he his back from +the sword. The quiver rattleth against him, the +glittering spear and the shield. He swalloweth +the ground with fierceness and rage; neither +believeth he that it is the sound of the trumpet. +He saith among the trumpets, Ha! ha! and he +smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the +captains, and the shouting."</p> + +<p>But for such footmen as thee and I are, let us +never desire to meet with an enemy, nor vaunt as +if we could do better, when we hear of others that +have been foiled, nor be tickled at the thoughts of +our manhood; for such commonly come by the +worst when tried. Witness Peter, of whom I +made mention before: he would swagger, ay, he +would; he would, as his vain mind prompted him +to say, do better and stand more for his Master +than all men; but who so foiled and run down by +those villains as he?</p> + +<p>Then Christian sang:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Poor Little-Faith! hast been among the thieves?</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Wast robbed? Remember this: whoso believes</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And gets more faith, shall then a victor be</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Over ten thousand; else, scarce over three."</span> +</div> + +<p>So they went on, and Ignorance followed. They +went then till they came to a place where they saw +a way put itself into their way, and seemed withal +to lie as straight as the way which they should go; +and here they knew not which of the two to take, +for both seemed straight before them; therefore +here they stood still to consider. And, as they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span> +were thinking about the way, behold, a man, +black of flesh, but covered with a very light robe, +came to them, and asked them why they stood +there. They answered they were going to the +Celestial City, but knew not which of these ways +to take. "Follow me," said the man; "it is +thither that I am going." So they followed him +to the way that but now came into the road, which +by degrees turned and turned them so from the +city that they desired to go to, that, in a little time, +their faces were turned away from it; yet they +followed him. But by-and-by, before they were +aware, he led them both within the folds of a net, +in which they were both so entangled that they +knew not what to do; and with that, the white +robe fell off the black man's back. Then they +saw where they were. Wherefore, there they lay +crying some time, for they could not get themselves +out.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian to his fellow, "Now +do I see myself in an error. Did not the shepherds +bid us beware of flatterers? As is the saying of +the Wise Man, so we have found it this day: 'A +man that flattereth his neighbor, spreadeth a net +at his feet.'"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">A SHINING ONE APPEARS</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> They also gave us a note of directions +about the way, for our more sure finding thereof; +but therein we have also forgotten to read, and +have not kept ourselves from the paths of the +destroyer. Thus they lay bewailing themselves +in the net. At last they espied a Shining One<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span> +coming towards them with a whip of small cord in +his hand. When he was come to the place where +they were, he asked them whence they came, and +what they did there. They told him that they +were poor pilgrims going to Zion, but were led out +of their way by a black man clothed in white, +"Who bid us," said they, "follow him, for he was +going thither too." Then said he with the whip, +"It is Flatterer, a false prophet, that hath changed +himself into an angel of light." So he rent the +net, and let the men out. Then said he to them, +"Follow me, that I may set you in your way +again." So he led them back to the way which +they had left to follow the Flatterer. Then he +asked them, saying, "Where did you lie the last +night?" They said, "With the shepherds upon +the Delectable Mountains." He asked them then +if they had not of those shepherds a note of direction +for the way. They answered, "Yes." "But +did you not," said he, "when you were at a stand, +pluck out and read your note?" They answered, +"No." He asked them, "Why?" They said they +forgot. He asked them, moreover, if the shepherds +did not bid them beware of the Flatterer. +They answered, "Yes; but we did not imagine," +said they, "that this fine-spoken man had been +he."</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream, that he commanded +them to lie down; which when they did, he +whipped them sore, to teach them the good way +wherein they should walk; and, as he whipped<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span> +them, he said, "As many as I love, I rebuke and +chasten; be zealous, therefore, and repent." +This done, he bid them go on their way, and take +good heed to the other directions of the shepherds. +So they thanked him for all his kindness, and went +softly along the right way, singing:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Come hither, you that walk along the way,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">See how the pilgrims fare that go astray;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">They catchèd are in an entangling net,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">'Cause they good counsel lightly did forget;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">'Tis true, they rescued were; but yet, you see,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">They're scourged to boot: let this your caution be."</span> +</div> + +<p>Now, after awhile they perceived afar off, one +coming softly and alone, all along the highway, +to meet them. Then said Christian to his fellow, +"Yonder is a man with his back towards Zion, +and he is coming to meet us."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I see him: let us take heed to ourselves +lest he should prove a flatterer also.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THEY MEET ATHEIST</div> + +<p>So he drew nearer and nearer, and at last came +up to them. His name was Atheist,<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> and he +asked them whither they were going.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> We are going to Mount Zion.</p> + +<p>Then Atheist fell into a very great laughter.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> What is the meaning of your laughter?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Atheist.</span> I laugh to see what ignorant persons +you are, to take upon yourselves so tedious a +journey, and yet are like to have nothing but your +travel for your pains.<a name="Hopeful" id="Hopeful"></a></p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i_183.jpg" width="400" height="609" alt="Atheist Laughing at Christian and Hopeful." title="Atheist Laughing + at Christian and Hopeful." /> +<span class="caption">Atheist Laughing at Christian and Hopeful.<br /> +<small>See page 170</small> + +</span> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, man, do you think we shall not +be received?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Atheist.</span> Received! There is no such a place +as you dream of in all this world.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But there is in the world to come.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Atheist.</span> When I was at home in mine own +country, I heard as you now affirm, and, from that +hearing, went out to see, and have been seeking +this city these twenty years, but find no more of +it than I did the first day I set out.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> We have both heard and believe that +there is such a place to be found.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Atheist.</span> Had not I, when at home, believed +I had not come thus far to seek; but, finding none +(and yet I should had there been such a place to +be found, for I have gone to seek it farther than +you), I am going back again, and will seek to +refresh myself with the things that I then cast +away for hopes of that which I now see is not.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then said Christian to Hopeful his +fellow, "Is it true which this man hath said?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Take heed; he is one of the flatterers. +Remember what it hath cost us once already for +hearkening to such kind of fellows. What! no +Mount Zion? Did we not see from the Delectable +Mountains the gate of the city? Also, are we not +now to walk by faith? Let us go on, lest the man +with the whip overtake us again. I say, my +brother, cease to hear him, and let us believe to +the saving of the soul.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> My brother, I did not put the question<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span> +to thee for that I doubted of the truth of our +belief myself, but to prove thee, and to fetch +from thee a fruit of the honesty of thy heart. As +for this man, I know that he is blinded. Let thee +and me go on, knowing that we have belief of the +truth, and no lie is of the truth.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Now do I rejoice in hope of the glory of +God.</p> + +<p>So they turned away from the man, and he, +laughing at them, went his way.</p> + +<p>I then saw in my dream that they went till they +came into a certain country, whose air naturally +tended to make one drowsy if he came a stranger +into it. And here Hopeful began to be very dull +and heavy of sleep; wherefore he said unto Christian, +"I do now begin to grow so drowsy, that I +can scarcely hold up mine eyes; let us lie down +here, and take one nap."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "By no means," said the other, "lest +sleeping, we never awake more."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Why, my brother? sleep is sweet to the +laboring man: we may be refreshed if we take +a nap.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Do not you remember that one of the +shepherds bid us beware of the Enchanted +Ground? He meant by that that we should +beware of sleeping; wherefore let us not sleep as +others, but let us watch and be sober.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I acknowledge myself in fault; and had +I been here alone, I had, by sleeping, run the +danger of death. I see it is true that the Wise<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span> +Man saith, "Two are better than one." Hitherto +hath thy company been my help; and thou shalt +have a good reward for thy labor.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> "Now, then," said Christian, "to prevent +drowsiness in this place, let us talk about +something profitable."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> With all my heart.</p> +<div class="sidenote">HOPEFUL NARRATES CONVERSION</div> +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Where shall we begin?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Where God began with us. But do you +begin, if you please.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> I will sing you first this song:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"When saints do sleepy grow, let them come hither,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And hear how these two pilgrims talk together;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Yea, let them learn of them, in any wise,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Thus to keep ope their drowsy, slumbering eyes.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Saints' fellowship, if it be managed well,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Keeps them awake, and that in spite of hell."</span> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then Christian began, and said, "I will +ask you a question. How came you to think at +first of doing as you do now?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Do you mean, how came I at first to +look after the good of my soul?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, that is my meaning.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I continued a great while in the delight +of those things which were seen and sold at our +fair; things which I believe now would have, had +I continued in them still, drowned me in ruin and +destruction.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> What things were they?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> All the treasures and riches of the world. +Also I delighted much in rioting, revelling, drinking,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> +swearing, lying, uncleanness, Sabbath-breaking, +and what not, that tended to destroy the soul. +But I found at last, by hearing and considering +of things that are holy, which indeed I heard of +you, as also of beloved Faithful, that was put to +death for his faith, and good living in Vanity Fair, +that the end of these things is death; and that, +for these things' sake, the wrath of God cometh +upon those who disobey him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And did you presently fall under the +power of this feeling?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> No; I was not willing presently to know +the evil of sin, nor the destruction that follows +upon the doing of it; but tried, when my mind at +first began to be shaken with the Word, to shut +mine eyes against the light thereof.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But what was the cause of your waiting +so long?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> The causes were,—Firstly, I was ignorant +that this was the work of God upon me. +Secondly, Sin was yet very sweet to my flesh, and +I was loth to leave it. Thirdly, I could not tell +how to part with mine old companions, their +presence and actions were so desirable unto me. +Fourthly, The hours in which these feelings were +upon me, were such troublesome and such heart-affrighting +hours, that I could not bear, no, not so +much as the remembrance of them upon my heart.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then, as it seems, sometimes you got +rid of your trouble?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Yes, verily, but it would come into my<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> +mind again, and then I should be as bad, nay, +worse than I was before.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, what was it that brought your +sins to mind again?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Many things; as,</p> + +<p> +1. If I did but meet a good man in the streets; or,<br /> +<br /> +2. If I have heard any read in the Bible; or,<br /> +<br /> +3. If mine head did begin to ache; or,<br /> +<br /> +4. If I were told that some of my neighbors<br /> +were sick; or,<br /> +<br /> +5. If I heard the bell toll for some that were<br /> +dead; or,<br /> +<br /> +6. If I thought of dying myself; or,<br /> +<br /> +7. If I heard that sudden death happened to<br /> +others;<br /> +<br /> +8. But especially when I thought of myself that<br /> +I must quickly come to judgment.<br /> +</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And could you at any time with ease +get off the guilt of sin, when by any of these ways +it came upon you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> No, not I; for then they got faster hold +of my conscience; and then, if I did but think of +going back to sin (though my mind was turned +against it,) it would be double torment to me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And how did you do then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I thought I must endeavor to mend my +life; for else, thought I, I am sure to be lost +forever.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And did you endeavor to mend?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Yes, and fled from not only my sins, but +sinful company too, and betook me to religious<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span> +duties, as praying, reading, weeping for sin, +speaking truth to my neighbors, etc. These +things did I, with many others, too much here +to tell.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And did you think yourself well then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Yes, for a while; but, at the last, my +trouble came tumbling upon me again, and that +over the neck of all my trying to do right.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> How came that about, since you were +now doing right, as far as you knew?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> There were several things brought it +upon me; especially such sayings as these: "All +our righteousness are as filthy rags;" "By the +works of the law shall no flesh be made righteous;" +"When ye shall have done all those things which +are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable;" +with many more such like. From whence I began +to reason with myself thus: If all my righteousness +are filthy rags, if by the deeds of the law no +man can be made righteous, and if, when we have +done <i>all</i>, we are yet unprofitable, then it is but a +folly to think of heaven by the law. I further +thought thus; If a man runs a hundred pounds +into the shopkeeper's debt, and after that shall +pay for all that he shall buy; yet his old debt +stands still in the book uncrossed; for the which +the shopkeeper may sue him, and cast him into +prison till he shall pay the debt.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Well, and how did you apply this to +yourself?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Why, I thought thus with myself: I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span> +have by my sins run a great way into God's book, +and my now reforming will not pay off that score. +Therefore I should think still, under all my present +trying. But how shall I be freed from that +punishment that I have brought myself in danger +of by my former sins.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> A very good application; but pray go on.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Another thing that hath troubled me +ever since my late turning from sin is, that if I +look narrowly into the best of what I do now, +I still see sin, new sin, mixing itself with the best +of that I do; so that now I am forced to conclude +that, notwithstanding my former fond opinion of +myself and duties, I have committed sin enough +in one duty to send me to hell, though my former +life had been faultless.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And what did you do then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Do! I could not tell what to do, till +I brake my mind to Faithful; for he and I were +well acquainted. And he told me, that unless +I could obtain the righteousness of a Man that +never had sinned, neither mine own nor all the +righteousness of the world could save me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And did you think he spake true?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Had he told me so when I was pleased +and satisfied with mine own trying, I had called +him fool for his pains; but now, since I see mine +own weakness and the sin which cleaves to my +best performance, I have been forced to be of his +opinion.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But did you think, when at first he suggested<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span> +it to you, that there was such a Man to be +found, of whom it might justly be said that He +never committed sin?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I must confess the words at first sounded +strangely; but after a little more talk and company +with him I had full certainty about it.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And did you ask him what Man this was, +and how you must be made righteous by Him?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Yes, and he told me it was the Lord +Jesus, that dwelleth on the right hand of the Most +High. And thus, said he, you must be made +right by Him, even by trusting what He hath done +by Himself in the days of His flesh, and suffered +when He did hang on the tree. I asked him +further, How that Man's righteousness could be of +that power to help another before God? And he +told me He was the mighty God, and did what He +did, and died the death also, not for Himself, but +for me; to whom His doings, and the worthiness +of them, should be given if I believed on Him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And what did you do then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I made my objections against my believing, +for that I thought He was not willing to +save me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And what said Faithful to you then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> He bid me go to Him and see. Then I +said it was too much for me to ask for. But he +said No, for I was invited to come. Then he gave +me a book of Jesus' own writing to encourage me +the more freely to come; and he said concerning +that book, that every word and letter thereof<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span> +stood firmer than heaven and earth. Then I +asked him what I must do when I came; and he +told me I must entreat on my knees, with all my +heart and soul, the Father to reveal Him to me. +Then I asked him further how I must make my +prayer to Him; and he said, Go, and thou shalt +find Him upon a mercy-seat, where He sits all the +year long to give pardon and forgiveness to them +that come. I told him that I knew not what to +say when I came; and he bid me say to this effect: +God be merciful to me a sinner, and make me to +know and believe in Jesus Christ; for I see that if +His righteousness had not been, or I have not +faith in that righteousness, I am utterly cast away. +Lord, I have heard that Thou art a merciful God, +and hast given that Thy Son Jesus Christ should +be the Saviour of the world; and, moreover, that +Thou art willing to bestow Him upon such a poor +sinner as I am. And I am a sinner indeed. Lord, +take therefore this opportunity, and show Thy +grace in the salvation of my soul, through Thy +Son Jesus Christ. Amen.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And did you do as you were bidden?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Yes, over, and over, and over.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And did the Father show His son to +you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Not at the first, nor second, nor third, +nor fourth, nor fifth; no, nor at the sixth time +neither.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> What did you do then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> What! why, I could not tell what to do.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Had you no thoughts of leaving off +praying?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Yes; a hundred times twice told.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And what was the reason you did not?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I believed that that was true which had +been told me; to wit, that without the righteousness +of this Christ, all the world could not save +me; and therefore, thought I with myself, if I +leave off I die, and I can but die at the throne of +grace. And withal, this came into my mind: +"Though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely +come, it will not tarry." So I continued praying +until the Father showed me His Son.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> And how was He shown unto you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I did not see Him with my bodily eyes, +but with the eyes of my heart, and thus it was: +One day I was very sad, I think sadder than at +any one time in my life; and this sadness was +through a fresh sight of the greatness and vileness +of my sins. And, as I was then looking for +nothing but hell and the everlasting loss of my +soul, suddenly, as I thought, I saw the Lord Jesus +look down from heaven upon me, and saying, +"Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt +be saved."</p> + +<p>But I replied, "Lord, I am a great, a very great +sinner." And He answered, "My grace is sufficient +for thee." Then I said, "But, Lord, what +is believing?" And then I saw from that saying, +"He that cometh to me shall never hunger, and +he that believeth on me shall never thirst," that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span> +believing and coming was all one; and that he +that came, that is, ran out in his heart and desire +after salvation by Christ, he indeed believed in +Christ. Then the water stood in mine eyes, and +I asked further, "But, Lord, may such a great +sinner as I am be indeed accepted of Thee, and be +saved by thee?" and I heard Him say, "And him +that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out." +Then said I, "But how Lord, must I consider of +Thee in my coming to Thee, that my faith may +be placed aright upon Thee?" Then he said, +"Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. +He is the end of the law for righteousness to +every one that believes. He died for our sins, +and rose again for our righteousness. He loved +us, and washed us from our sins in His own blood. +He is Mediator between God and us. He ever +liveth to plead for us." From all which I gathered +that I must look for righteousness in His person, +and for satisfaction for my sins by His blood; that +what He did in obedience to His Father's law, and +in submitting to the penalty thereof, was not for +Himself, but for him that will accept it for his +salvation, and be thankful. And now was my +heart full of joy, mine eyes full of tears, and mine +affections running over with love to the name, +people, and ways of Jesus Christ.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> This was a revelation of Christ to your +soul indeed. But tell me particularly what effect +this had upon your spirit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> It made me see that all the world, notwithstanding<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span> +all the righteousness thereof, is in a +state of condemnation. It made me see that God +the Father, though He be just, can justly forgive +the coming sinner. It made me greatly ashamed +of the vileness of my former life, and confounded +me with the sense of my own ignorance; for there +never came thought into my heart before now, +that showed me so the beauty of Jesus Christ. +It made me love a holy life, and long to do something +for the honor and glory of the name of the +Lord Jesus. Yea, I thought that had I now a +thousand gallons of blood in my body, I could +spill it all for the sake of the Lord Jesus.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER X.</h2> + + +<p>I saw then in my dream that Hopeful looked +back, and saw Ignorance, whom they had left +behind, coming after. "Look," said he to Christian, +"how far yonder youngster loitereth behind."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Ay, ay, I see him: he careth not for our +company.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> But I think it would not have hurt him, +had he kept pace with us hitherto.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> That is true; but I warrant you he +thinks otherwise.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> That I think he doth; but, however, let +us tarry for him. So they did.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Then Christian said to him, "Come +away, man; why do you stay so behind?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> I take my pleasure in walking alone, +even more a great deal than in company, unless +I like it the better.</p> + +<p>Then said Christian to Hopeful (but softly), +"Did I not tell you he cared not for our company? +But, however," said he, "come up, and let us talk +away the time in this solitary place." Then, +directing his speech to Ignorance, he said, "Come +how do you? How stands it between God and +your soul now?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> I hope well; for I am always full of +good thoughts, that come into my mind to comfort +me as I walk.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> What good motions? pray tell us.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> Why, I think of God and heaven.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> So do the devils and lost souls.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> But I think of them and desire them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> So do many that are never like to come +there. "The soul of the sluggard desireth and +hath nothing."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> But I think of them, and leave all for +them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> That I doubt, for leaving of all is a very +hard matter; yea, a harder matter than many are +aware of. But why, or by what, art thou persuaded +that thou hast left all for God and +heaven?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> My heart tells me so.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> The Wise Man says, "He that trusteth +in his own heart is a fool."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> This is spoken of an evil heart; but +mine is a good one.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> But how dost thou prove that?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> It comforts me in the hopes of heaven.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> That may be through its deceitfulness; +for a man's heart may minister comfort to him in +the hopes of that thing for which he has yet no +ground to hope.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> But my heart and life agree together; +and therefore my hope is well grounded.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Who told thee that thy heart and life +agree together?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> My heart tells me so.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Ask my fellow if I be a thief! Thy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span> +heart tells thee so! Except the Word of God +telleth thee in this matter, other testimony is of +no value.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> But is it not a good heart that hath good +thoughts? and is not that a good life that is +according to God's commandments?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Yes, that is a good heart that hath good +thoughts, and that is a good life that is according +to God's commandments; but it is one thing, +indeed, to have these, and another thing only to +think so.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> Pray, what count you good thoughts, +and a life according to God's commandments?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> There are good thoughts of many kinds: +some respecting ourselves, some God, some Christ, +and some other things.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ignor.</span> You go so fast, I cannot keep pace +with you. Do you go on before: I must stay +awhile behind.</p> + +<p>Then they said:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Well, Ignorance, wilt thou yet foolish be,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">To slight good counsel, ten times given thee?</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And if thou yet refuse it, thou shalt know,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Ere long, the evil of thy doing so.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Remember, man, in time; stoop, do not fear;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Good counsel, taken well, saves; therefore hear:</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But, if thou yet shalt slight it, thou wilt be</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The loser, Ignorance, I'll warrant thee."</span> +</div> + +<p>Then Christian addressed himself thus to his +fellow:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Well, come, my good Hopeful; I perceive<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span> +that thou and I must walk by ourselves +again.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE TWO PILGRIMS PROCEED</div> + +<p>So I saw in my dream that they went on apace +before, and Ignorance he came hobbling after. +Then said Christian to his companion, "It pities +me much for this poor man: it will certainly go ill +with him at last."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Alas! there are abundance in our +town in his condition, whole families, yea, +whole streets, and that of pilgrims, too; and +if there be so many in our parts, how many, +think you, must there be in the place where he +was born?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Indeed, the Word saith, "He hath +blinded their eyes, lest they should see."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Well said; I believe you have said the +truth. Are we now almost got past the Enchanted +Ground?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Why, art thou weary of our talking?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> No, verily; but that I would know +where we are.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> We have not now above two miles +farther to go thereon. Well, we will leave at this +time our neighbor Ignorance by himself, and fall +upon another subject.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> With all my heart; but you shall still +begin.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Well, then, did you not know, about +ten years ago, one Temporary in your parts, who +was a forward man in religion then?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> Know him! yes; he dwelt in Graceless,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> +a town about two miles off of Honesty, and he +dwelt next door to one Turnback.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> Right, he dwelt under the same roof +with him. Well, that man was much awakened +once: I believe that then he had some sight of his +sins, and of the punishment that was due thereto.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hope.</span> I am of your mind; for (my house not +being above three miles from him) he would ofttimes +come to me, and that with many tears. +Truly, I pitied the man, and was not altogether +without hope of him; but one may see, it is not +every one that cries "Lord! Lord!"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chris.</span> He told me once that he was resolved +to go on pilgrimage as we do now; but all of a +sudden he grew acquainted with one Save-self, +and then he became a stranger to me, for at that +time he gave up going on pilgrimage.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XI.</h2> + +<div class="sidenote">BEULAH LAND</div> +<p>Now I saw in my dream, that by this time +the pilgrims were got over the Enchanted +Ground, and entering into the country of +Beulah, whose air was very sweet and pleasant: the +way lying directly through it, they enjoyed themselves +there for a season. Yea, here they heard continually +the singing of birds and saw every day the +flowers appear on the earth, and heard the voice of +the turtle in the land. In this country the sun +shineth night and day; wherefore this was beyond +the Valley of the Shadow of Death, and also out +of the reach of Giant Despair; neither could they +from this place so much as see Doubting Castle. +Here they were within sight of the City they were +going to; also here met them some of the inhabitants +thereof; for in this land the Shining Ones +commonly walked, because it was upon the +borders of heaven. Here they had no want of +corn and wine; for in this place they met with +abundance of what they had sought for in all +their pilgrimage. Here they heard voices from +out of the City, loud voices, saying, "Say ye to +the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation +cometh! Behold, His reward is with Him!" +Here all the inhabitants of the country called +them "The holy people, and redeemed of the +Lord, sought out," etc.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span>Now, as they walked in this land, they had +more rejoicing than in parts more remote from +the kingdom to which they were bound; and +drawing near to the City, they had yet a more +perfect view thereof. It was builded of pearls +and precious stones, also the streets thereof were +paved with gold; so that by reason of the natural +glory of the City, and the reflection of the sunbeams +upon it, Christian with desire fell sick; +Hopeful also had a fit or two of the same disease, +wherefore here they lay by it awhile, crying out +because of their pangs, "If you see my Beloved +tell Him that I am sick of love."</p> + +<p>But being a little strengthened, and better able +to bear their sickness, they walked on their way, +and came yet nearer and nearer, where were +orchards, vineyards, and gardens, and their gates +opened into the highway. Now, as they came up +to these places, behold, the gardener, stood in the +way; to whom the pilgrims said, "Whose goodly +vineyards and gardens are these?" He answered, +"They are the King's, and are planted here for +His own delight, and also for the solace of pilgrims." +So the gardener had them into the vineyards, +and bid them refresh themselves with the +dainties. He also showed them there the King's +walks, and the arbors where He delighted to be; +and here they tarried and slept.</p> + +<p>Now I beheld in my dream, that they talked +more in their sleep at this time than ever they did +in all their journey; and being in thought thereabout,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span> +the gardener said even to me, "Wherefore +dost thou meditate at the matter? It is the +nature of the fruit of the grapes of these vineyards +to go down so sweetly as to cause the lips of them +that are asleep to speak."</p> + +<p>So I saw, when they awoke they undertook to +go up to the City. But, as I said, the reflection +of the sun upon the City (for the City was pure +gold) was so extremely glorious, that they could +not, as yet, with open face behold it, but through +a glass made for that purpose. So I saw that, as +they went on, there met them two men in raiment +that shone like gold, also their faces shone as the +light.</p> + +<p>These men asked the pilgrims whence they +came; and they told them. They also asked +them where they had lodged, what difficulties and +dangers, what comforts and pleasures, they had +met in the way; and they told them. Then said +the men that met them, "You have but two difficulties +more to meet with, and then you are in +the City."</p> + +<p>Christian, then, and his companion, asked the +men to go along with them; so they told them +that they would. "But," said they, "you must +obtain it by your own faith." So I saw in my +dream that they went on together till they came +in sight of the gate.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">A RIVER INTERVENES</div> + +<p>Now I further saw, that betwixt them and the +gate was a river; but there was no bridge to go +over, and the river was very deep. At the sight,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span> +therefore, of this river, the pilgrims were much +stunned; but the men that went with them said, +"You must go through, or you cannot come at +the gate."</p> + +<p>The pilgrims then began to inquire if there was +no other way to the gate; to which they answered, +"Yes; but there hath not any save two, to wit, +Enoch and Elijah, been permitted to tread that +path since the foundation of the world, nor shall +until the last trumpet shall sound." The pilgrims +then, especially Christian, began to be +anxious in his mind, and looked this way and +that; but no way could be found by them by +which they might escape the river. Then they +asked the men if the waters were all of a depth. +They said, "No," yet they could not help them in +that case; "for," said they, "you shall find it +deeper or shallower as you believe in the King of +the place."</p> + +<p>They then addressed themselves to the water; +and, entering, Christian began to sink, and crying +out to his good friend Hopeful, he said, "I sink in +deep waters; the billows go over my head; all His +waves go over me."</p> + +<p>Then said the other, "Be of good cheer, my +brother; I feel the bottom, and it is good." Then +said Christian, "Ah! my friend, the sorrows of +death have compassed me about; I shall not see +the land that flows with milk and honey." And +with that, a great darkness and horror fell upon +Christian, so that he could not see before him.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span> +Also here he in a great measure lost his senses, so +that he could neither remember nor orderly talk +of any of those sweet refreshments that he had +met with in the way of his pilgrimage. But all +the words that he spake still tended to show that +he had horror of mind, and heart-fears that he +should die in that river, and never obtain entrance +in at the gate. Here also, as they that stood by +perceived, he was much in the troublesome +thoughts of the sins that he had committed, both +since and before he began to be a pilgrim. It was +also observed that he was troubled with the sight +of demons and evil spirits; for ever and anon +he would intimate so much by words.</p> + +<p>Hopeful, therefore, here had much ado to keep +his brother's head above water; yea, sometimes +he would be quite gone down, and then, ere a while +he would rise up again half dead. Hopeful would +also endeavor to comfort him, saying, "Brother, +I see the gate, and men standing by to receive us;" +but Christian would answer, "It is you, it is you +they wait for: you have been hopeful ever since +I knew you." "And so have you," said he to +Christian. "Ah, brother," said he, "surely, if I +were right, He would now arise to help me; but +for my sins He hath brought me into this snare, +and hath left me." Then said Hopeful, "My +brother, these troubles and distresses that you go +through in these waters are no sign that God hath +forsaken you; but are sent to try you, whether +you will call to mind that which hitherto you<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span> +have received of His goodness, and live upon Him +in your distresses."</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream that Christian was in +thought awhile. To whom also Hopeful added +these words, "Be of good cheer, Jesus Christ +maketh thee whole." And, with that, Christian +brake out with a loud voice, "Oh, I see Him again; +and He tells me, 'When thou passest through the +waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, +they shall not overflow thee.'" Then they both +took courage; and the enemy was, after that, as +still as a stone, until they were gone over. Christian, +therefore, presently found ground to stand +upon; and so it followed that the rest of the river +was but shallow. Thus they got over.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">TWO SHINING MEN</div> + +<p>Now, upon the bank of the river, on the other +side, they saw the two Shining Men again, who +there waited for them. Wherefore, being come +out of the river, they saluted them, saying, "We +are heavenly spirits, sent forth to help those that +shall be heirs of salvation." Thus they went +along towards the gate. Now, you must note that +the City stood upon a mighty hill; but the pilgrims +went up that hill with ease, because they +had these two men to lead them up by the arms; +also they had left their mortal garments behind +them in the river; for though they went in with +them, they came out without them. They therefore +went up here with much activity and speed, +though the foundation upon which the City was +framed was higher than the clouds. They therefore<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span> +went up through the regions of the air, sweetly +talking as they went, being comforted because +they had safely got over the river, and had such +glorious companions to attend them.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MOUNT ZION</div> + +<p>The talk they had with the Shining Ones, was +about the glory of the place; who told them that +the beauty and glory of it were such as could not +be put into words. "There," said they, "is the +Mount Zion, the heavenly Jerusalem, the innumerable +company of angels, and the spirits of good +men made perfect. You are going now," said +they, "to the Paradise of God, wherein you shall +see the tree of life, and eat of the never-fading +fruits thereof; and when you come there, you +shall have white robes given you, and your walk +and talk shall be every day with the King, even +all the days of an eternal life. There you shall +not see again such things as you saw when you +were in the lower region upon the earth; to wit, +sorrow, sickness, affliction, and death; 'for the +former things are passed away.' You are going +now to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, and to +the prophets, men that God hath taken away from +the evil to come, and that are now resting upon +their beds, each one walking in his righteousness." +The men then asked, "What must we do in the +holy place?" To whom it was answered, "You +must there receive the comfort of all your toil, and +have joy for all your sorrow; you must reap what +you have sown, even the fruit of all your prayers, +and tears, and sufferings for the King by the way.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span> +In that place you must wear crowns of gold, and +enjoy the perpetual sight and visions of the Holy +One; for there you shall see Him as He is. There +also you shall serve Him continually with praise, +with shouting and thanksgiving, whom you desired +to serve in the world, though with much difficulty, +because of the weakness of your bodies. There +your eyes shall be delighted with seeing and your +ears with hearing the pleasant voice of the Mighty +One. There you shall enjoy your friends again +that are gone thither before you; and there you +shall with joy receive even every one that follows +into the holy place after you. There also you +shall be clothed with glory and majesty, and put +into a state fit to ride out with the King of Glory. +When He shall come with sound of trumpet in +the clouds, as upon the wings of the wind, you +shall come with Him; and when He shall sit upon +the throne of judgment, you shall sit by Him; +yea, and when He shall pass sentence upon all the +workers of evil, let them be angels or men, you also +shall have a voice in that judgment because they +were His and your enemies. Also, when He shall +again return to the City, you shall go too, with +sound of trumpet, and be ever with Him."</p> + +<p>Now, while they were thus drawing towards +the gate, behold, a company of the heavenly host +came out to meet them; to whom it was said by +the other two Shining Ones, "These are the men +that have loved our Lord when in the world, and +that have left all for His holy name; and He hath<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span> +sent us to fetch them, and we have brought them +thus far on their desired journey, that they may +go in and look their Redeemer in the face with +joy." Then the heavenly host gave a great shout, +saying, "Blessed are they which are called to the +marriage supper of the Lamb." There came out +also at this time to meet them several of the King's +trumpeters, clothed in white and shining raiment +who, with melodious noises and loud, made even +the heavens to echo with their sound. These +trumpeters saluted Christian and his fellow with +ten thousand welcomes from the world; and this +they did with shouting and sound of trumpet.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE CELESTIAL CITY</div> + +<p>This done, they compassed them round on +every side; some went before, some behind, and +some on the right hand, some on the left (as it +were to guard them through the upper regions), +continually sounding as they went, with melodious +noise, in notes on high: so that the very sight was +to them that could behold it as if heaven itself was +come down to meet them. Thus, therefore, they +walked on together; and, as they walked, ever +and anon these trumpeters, even with joyful +sound, would, by mixing their music, with looks +and gestures, still signify to Christian and his +brother how welcome they were into their company, +and with what gladness they came to meet +them. And now were these two men as it were +in heaven before they came at it, being swallowed +up with the sight of angels, and with hearing of +their melodious notes. Here also they had the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span> +City itself in view, and thought they heard all the +bells therein to ring, and welcome them thereto. +But, above all, the warm and joyful thoughts +that they had about their own dwelling there with +such company, and that for ever and ever, oh! by +what tongue or pen can their glorious joy be +expressed?</p> + +<p>And thus they came up to the gate. Now, when +they were come up to the gate, there was written +over it in letters of gold, "<span class="smcap">Blessed are they that +do His commandments, that they may have +right to the tree of life, and may enter in +through the gates into the city.</span>"</p> + +<p>Then I saw in my dream, that the Shining Men +bid them call at the gate: the which when they +did, some from above looked over the gate: such +as Enoch, Moses, and Elijah, and others, to whom +it was said, "These pilgrims are come from the +City of Destruction, for the love that they bear to +the King of this place." And then the pilgrims +gave in unto them each man his certificate, which +they had received in the beginning; those therefore +were carried in to the King, who, when He +had read them, said, "Where are the men?" To +whom it was answered, "They are standing without +the gate." The King then commanded to +open the gate, "that the righteous nation," said +He, "which keepeth the truth, may enter in."</p> + +<p>Now, I saw in my dream, that these two men +went in at the gate; and lo! as they entered, their +looks were changed so that their faces became<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span> +bright; and they had garments put on that shone +like gold. There were also that met them with +harps and crowns, and gave them to them—the +harps to praise withal, and the crowns in token of +honor. Then I heard in my dream that all the +bells in the City rang again for joy, and that it was +said unto them, "Enter ye into the joy of your +Lord." I also heard the men themselves, that +they sang with a loud voice, saying, "Blessing, +and honor, and glory, and power, be unto Him +that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb, +for ever and ever!"</p> + +<p>Now, just as the gates were opened to let in the +men, I looked in after them, and behold, the City +shone like the sun; the streets also were paved +with gold; and in them walked many men with +crowns on their heads, palms in their hands, and +golden harps to sing praises withal.</p> + +<p>There were also of them that had wings, and +they answered one another without ceasing, saying, +"Holy, holy, holy is the Lord!" And, after +that, they shut up the gates; which when I had +seen, I wished myself among them.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">IGNORANCE FAILS TO ENTER</div> + +<p>Now while I was gazing upon all these things, +I turned my head to look back, and saw Ignorance +come up to the river-side; but he soon got over, +and that without half the difficulty which the +other two men met with. For it happened that +there was then in the place one Vain-Hope, a +ferryman, that with his boat helped him over; so +he, as the others I saw, did ascend the hill, to come<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span> +up to the gate; only he came alone, neither did +any man meet him with the least encouragement. +When he was come up to the gate, he looked up to +the writing that was above, and then began to +knock, supposing that entrance should have been +quickly given to him; but he was asked by the +men that looked over the top of the gate, "Whence +came you? and what would you have?" He +answered, "I have eaten and drunk in the presence +of the King, and He has taught in our streets." +Then they asked him for his certificate, that they +might go in and show it to the King: so he +fumbled in his bosom for one, and found none. +Then said they, "Have you none?" But the man +answered never a word. So they told the King; +but He would not come down to see him, but +commanded the two Shining Ones that conducted +Christian and Hopeful to the City, to go out and +take Ignorance, and bind him hand and foot, and +have him away. Then they took him up, and +carried him through the air to the door that I saw +in the side of the hill, and put him in there. +Then I saw that there was a way to hell, even +from the gates of heaven, as well as from the City +of Destruction!</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>So I awoke, and behold, it was a dream.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span></p> +<h2>CONCLUSION.</h2> + + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Now, reader, I have told my dream to thee,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">See if thou canst interpret it to me,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Or to thyself or neighbor; but take heed</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Of misinterpreting; for that, instead</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Of doing good, will but thyself abuse:</span><br /> +<span class="i0">By misinterpreting, evil ensues.</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Take heed also that thou be not extreme</span><br /> +<span class="i0">In playing with the outside of my dream;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Nor let my figure or similitude</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Put thee into a laughter or a feud.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Leave this for boys and fools; but as for thee,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Do thou the substance of my matter see.</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Put by the curtains, look within my veil;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Turn up my metaphors, and do not fail,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">There, if thou seekest them, such things to find</span><br /> +<span class="i0">As will be helpful to an honest mind.</span><br /> +<span class="i1">What of my dross thou findest there, be bold</span><br /> +<span class="i0">To throw away; but yet preserve the gold.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">What if my gold be wrapped up in ore?—</span><br /> +<span class="i0">None throws away the apple for the core.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But if thou shalt cast all away as vain,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">I know not but t'will make me dream again.</span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.</h2> + +<h3>PART II.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202"></a></span></h3> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER I.</h2> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Courteous Companions,—</span></h3> + +<p>Some time since, to tell you my dream that I +had of Christian the Pilgrim, and of his dangerous +journey towards the Celestial +Country, was pleasant to me and profitable to +you. I told you then, also, what I saw concerning +his wife and children, and how unwilling they +were to go with him on pilgrimage, insomuch +that he was forced to go on his progress without +them; for he durst not run the danger of that +destruction which he feared would come by staying +with them in the City of Destruction; wherefore, +as I then showed you, he left them and +departed.</p> + +<p>Now, it hath so happened, through the abundance +of business, that I have been much hindered +and kept back from my wonted travels into those +parts whence he went, and so could not, till now, +obtain an opportunity to make further inquiry +after those whom he left behind, that I might +give you an account of them. But, having had +some concerns that way of late, I went down +again thitherward. Now, having taken up my +lodgings in a wood about a mile off the place, as +I slept I dreamed again.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE AUTHOR AND MR. SAGACITY</div> + +<p>And as I was in my dream, behold, an aged +gentleman came by where I lay; and, because he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span> +was to go some part of the way that I was travelling, +methought I got up and went with him. +So, as we walked, and as travelers usually do, +I was as if we fell into discourse; and our talk +happened to be about Christian and his travels; +for thus I began with the old man:</p> + +<p>"Sir," said I, "what town is that there below, +that lieth on the left hand of our way?"</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Sagacity (for that was his name), +"It is the City of Destruction; a populous place, +but possessed with a very ill-conditioned and idle +sort of people."</p> + +<p>"I thought that was that city," quoth I: "I +went once myself through that town, and therefore +know that this report you give of it is true."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sag.</span> Too true! I wish I could speak truth in +speaking better of them that dwell therein.</p> + +<p>"Well, sir," quoth I, "then I perceive you to be +a well-meaning man, and so one that takes pleasure +to hear and tell of that which is good. Pray, +did you never hear what happened to a man some +time ago of this town (whose name was Christian), +that went on pilgrimage up towards the higher +regions?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sag.</span> Hear of him! Ay, and I also heard of the +difficulties, troubles, wars, captivities, cries, groans, +frights and fears that he met with and had in his +journey. Besides, I must tell you all our country +rings of him: there are but few houses that have +heard of him and his doings but have sought after +and got the record of his pilgrimage. Yea, I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span> +think I may say that his hazardous journey has +got many wellwishers to his ways; for though, +when he was here, he was a fool in every man's +mouth, yet now he is gone he is highly commended +of all. For 'tis said he lives bravely where he is: +yea, many of them that are resolved never to run +his risks yet have their mouths water at his gains.</p> + +<p>"They may," quoth I, "well think, if they think +anything that is true, that he liveth well where he +is; for he now lives at and in the Fountain of Life, +and has what he has without labor and sorrow; +for there is no grief mixed therewith. But, pray, +what talk have the people about him?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sag.</span> Talk! the people talk strangely about +him: some say that he now walks in white; that +he has a chain of gold about his neck; that he has +a crown of gold beset with pearls upon his head. +Others say that the Shining Ones, that sometimes +showed themselves unto him in his journey, are +become his companions, and that he is as familiar +with them in the place where he is, as here one +neighbor is with another. Besides, it is confidently +spoken concerning him, that the King of the +place where he is has bestowed upon him already +a very rich and pleasant dwelling at court, and +that he every day eateth and drinketh and walketh +with Him, and receiveth of the smiles and +favors of Him that is judge of all there. Moreover, +it is expected of some, that his Prince, the +Lord of that country, will shortly come into these +parts, and will know the reason, if they can give<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span> +any, why his neighbors set so little by him, and +had him so much in derision, when they perceived +that he would be a Pilgrim. For they say, +now he is so in the affections of his Prince, and +that his Sovereign is so much concerned with the +wrongs that were cast upon Christian when he +became a Pilgrim, that He will look upon all as +if done unto Himself; and no marvel, for it was +for the love that he had to his Prince that he +ventured as he did.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">SAGACITY TELLS OF CHRISTIANA</div> + +<p>"I daresay," quoth I; "I am glad on't; I am +glad for the poor man's sake, for that he now has +rest from his labor, and for that he reapeth the +benefit of his tears with joy, and for that he has +got beyond gunshot of his enemies, and is out of +the reach of them that hate him. I also am glad +for that a rumor of these things is noised abroad +in this country: who can tell but that it may work +some good effect on some that are left behind? +But pray, sir, while it is fresh in my mind, do you +hear anything of his wife and children? Poor +hearts! I wonder in my mind what they do."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sag.</span> Who? Christiana and her sons? They +are like to do as well as did Christian himself; for, +though they all played the fool at first, and would +by no means be persuaded by either the tears or +entreaties of Christian, yet, second thoughts have +wrought wonderfully with them, so they have +packed up, and are also gone after him.</p> + +<p>"Better and better," quoth I: "but, what! +wife and children and all?"</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span><span class="smcap">Sag.</span> It is true: I can give you an account of the +matter, for I was upon the spot at the instant, and +was thoroughly acquainted with the whole affair.</p> + +<p>"Then," said I, "a man, it seems, may report +it for a truth?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sag.</span> You need not fear to declare it. I mean, +that they are all gone on pilgrimage, both the +good woman and her four boys. And, since (we +are, as I perceive) going some considerable way +together, I will give you an account of the whole +matter.</p> + +<p>This Christiana (for that was her name from +the day that she, with her children betook themselves +to a pilgrim's life) after her husband had +gone over the river, and she could hear of him no +more, her thoughts began to work in her mind. +First, for that she had lost her husband, and of +that the loving bond of that relation was utterly +broken betwixt them. For you know (said he to +me) it is only natural that the living should have +many sad thoughts, in the remembrance of the +loss of loving relations. This, therefore, of her +husband, did cost her many a tear. But this was +not all; for Christiana did also begin to consider +with herself, whether unbecoming behavior towards +her husband was not one cause that she +saw him no more, and that in such sort he was +taken away from her. And, upon this, came into +her mind, by swarms, all her unkind, unnatural, +and ungodly treatment of her dear friend; which +also troubled her conscience, and did load her with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span> +guilt. She was, moreover, much broken with +recalling to remembrance the restless groans, +brinish tears, and self-bemoanings of her husband, +and how she did harden her heart against all his +entreaties and loving persuasions of her and her +sons to go with him; yea, there was not anything +that Christian either said to her or did before her, +all the while that his burden did hang on his back, +but it returned upon her like a flash of lightning, +and rent her heart in sunder. Specially that +bitter outcry of his, "What shall I do to be saved?" +did ring in her ears most dolefully.</p> + +<p>Then said she to her children, "Sons, we are all +undone. I have sinned away your father, and +he is gone; he would have had us with him, but I +would not go myself; I also have hindered you +of life."</p> + +<p>With that, the boys fell all into tears, and cried +out to go after their father.</p> + +<p>"Oh," said Christiana, "that it had been but +our lot to go with him! then had it fared well with +us, beyond what it is like to do now. For though +I formerly foolishly imagined, concerning the +troubles of your father, that they came from a +foolish fancy that he had, or for that he was +overrun with melancholy humors; yet now it will +not out of my mind but that they sprang from +another cause; and it was this, that the +light of life was given him, by the help of +which, as I perceive, he has escaped the snares +of death."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">OF CHRISTIANA'S DREAM</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span>Then they all wept again, and cried out, "Oh, +woe worth the day!"</p> + +<p>The next night Christiana had a dream; and, +behold, she saw as if a broad parchment were +opened before her, in which were recorded the +sum of her ways; and the times, as she thought, +looked very black upon her. Then she cried out +aloud in her sleep, "Lord, have mercy upon me a +sinner!" and the little children heard her.</p> + +<p>After this, she thought she saw two very ill-favored +ones standing by her bed-side, and saying, +"What shall we do with this woman? for she +cries out for mercy waking and sleeping: if she +be suffered to go on as she begins, we shall lose her +as we have lost her husband. Wherefore we must, +by one way or other, seek to take her off from +the thoughts of what shall be hereafter; else, all +the world cannot help but she will become a +pilgrim."</p> + +<p>Now she awoke in a great sweat; also a trembling +was upon her; but after a while, she fell to +sleeping again. And then she thought she saw +Christian her husband in a place of bliss, among +many immortals, with a harp in his hand, standing +and playing upon it before One that sat upon a +throne, with a rainbow about His head.</p> + +<p>She saw, also, as if he bowed his head with his +face to the paved work that was under the Prince's +feet, saying, "I heartily thank my Lord and King +for bringing of me into this place." Then shouted +a company of them that stood round about, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span> +harped with their harps; but no man living could +tell what they said, but Christian and his companions.</p> + +<p>Next morning, when she was up, and had +prayed to God and talked with her children a +while, one knocked hard at the door; to whom +she spake out, saying, "If thou comest in God's +name, come in." So he said, "Amen," and +opened the door, and saluted her with "Peace be +to this house!" The which, when he had done, +he said, "Christiana, knowest thou wherefore I +am come?" Then she blushed and trembled, +also her heart began to wax warm with desires to +know from whence he came, and what was his +errand to her. So he said unto her, "My name is +Secret: I dwell with those that are on high. It +is talked of where I dwell, as if thou hadst a desire +to go thither; also there is a report that thou art +aware of the evil thou hast formerly done to thy +husband, in hardening thy heart against his way, +and in keeping of these thy babes in their ignorance. +Christiana, the Merciful One hath sent me +to tell thee, that He is a God ready to forgive, and +that He taketh delight to pardon offences. He +also would have thee know that He inviteth thee +to come into His presence, to His table, and that +He will feed thee with the fat of His house, and +with the heritage of Jacob thy father.</p> + +<p>"There is Christian, thy husband that was, with +legions more, his companions, ever behold that +face that doth minister life to beholders; and they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span> +will be glad when they shall hear the sound of thy +feet step over thy Father's threshold."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIANA IS SENT FOR</div> + +<p>Christiana at this was greatly abashed in herself, +and bowed her head to the ground.</p> + +<p>This visitor proceeded, and said, "Christiana, +here is also a letter for thee, which I have brought +from thy husband's King." So she took it, and +opened it; but it smelt after the manner of the +best perfume; also it was written in letters of gold. +The contents of the letter were these: "That the +King would have her to do as Christian her husband; +for that was the way to come to His City, +and to dwell in His presence with joy for ever."</p> + +<p>At this the good woman was quite overcome; +so she cried out to her visitor, "Sir, will you carry +me and my children with you, that we also may +worship this King?"</p> + +<p>Then said the visitor, "Christiana, the bitter +is before the sweet. Thou must through troubles, +as did he that went before thee, enter the Celestial +City. Wherefore I advise thee to do as did +Christian thy husband: go to the wicket-gate +yonder over the plain, for that stands in the head +of the way up which you must go; and I wish thee +all good speed. Also I advise that thou put +this letter in thy bosom, that thou read therein to +thyself, and to thy children, until you have got it +by rote of heart: for it is one of the songs that +thou must sing while thou art in this house of thy +pilgrimage. Also this thou must deliver in at the +farther gate."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span>Now, I saw in my dream, that this old gentleman, +as he told me the story, did himself seem +to be greatly affected therewith. He moreover +went on, and said:</p> + +<p>So Christiana called her sons together, and +began thus to address herself unto them: "My +sons, I have, as you may perceive, been of late +under much trouble in my soul about the death +of your father: not for that I doubt at all of his +happiness, for I am satisfied now that he is well. +I have also been much affected with the thoughts +of mine own state and yours, which I verily believe +is by nature miserable. My treatment also of +your father in his distress is a great load to my +conscience, for I hardened both mine own heart +and yours against him, and refused to go with +him on pilgrimage.</p> + +<p>"The thoughts of these things would now kill +me outright, but for a dream which I had last +night, and but for the encouragement that this +stranger has given me this morning. Come, my +children, let us pack up, and be gone to the gate +that leads to the Celestial Country, that we may +see your father, and be with him and his companions +in peace, according to the laws of that land."</p> + +<p>Then did her children burst out into tears, for +joy that the heart of their mother was so inclined. +So their visitor bade them farewell; and they +began to prepare to set out for their journey.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MRS. TIMOROUS AND CHRISTIANA</div> + +<p>But while they were thus about to be gone, two +of the women that were Christiana's neighbors<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span> +came up to the house, and knocked at the door. +To whom she said as before, "if you come in God's +name, come in." At this the women were stunned; +for this kind of language they used not to hear, or +to perceive to drop from the lips of Christiana. +Yet they came in; but, behold they found the +good woman preparing to be gone from her house.</p> + +<p>So they began, and said, "Neighbor, pray what +is your meaning by this?"</p> + +<p>Christiana answered and said to the eldest of +them, whose name was Mrs. Timorous, "I am +preparing for a journey."</p> + +<p>This Timorous was daughter to him that met +Christian upon the Hill Difficulty, and would have +had him go back for fear of the lions.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tim.</span> For what journey, I pray you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Even to go after my good husband. And +with that she fell a weeping.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tim.</span> I hope not so, good neighbor. Pray, for +your poor children's sake, do not so unwomanly +cast away yourself.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Nay, my children shall go with me; not +one of them is willing to stay behind.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tim.</span> I wonder in my very heart what or who +has brought you into this mind!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Oh, neighbor, knew you but as much as I +do, I doubt not but that you would go with me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tim.</span> Prithee, what new knowledge hast thou +got that so worketh off thy mind from thy friends, +and that tempteth thee to go nobody knows +where?</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Then Christiana replied, "I have been +sorely afflicted since my husband's departure from +me, but especially since he went over the river. +But that which troubleth me most is my unkind +treatment of him when he was under his distress. +Besides, I am now as he was then: nothing will +serve me but going on pilgrimage. I was a-dreaming +last night that I saw him. Oh that my soul +was with him! He dwelleth in the presence of +the King of the country; he sits and eats with +Him at His table; he has become a companion of +immortals, and has a house now given him to +dwell in, to which the best palaces on earth, if +compared, seem to me but as a dunghill. The +Prince of the place has also sent for me, with +promises of entertainment if I shall come to Him; +His messenger was here even now, and has brought +me a letter which invites me to come." And with +that she plucked out the letter, and read it, and +said to them, "What now will you say to this?"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MERCY ALSO DESIRES TO GO</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tim.</span> Oh, the madness that hath possessed thee +and thy husband, to run yourselves upon such +difficulties! You have heard, I am sure, what your +husband did meet with, even in a manner at +the first step that he took on his way, as our +neighbor Obstinate can yet testify, for he went +along with them, yea, and Pliable too; until they, +like wise men, were afraid to go any farther. +We also heard, over and above, how he met +with the lions, Apollyon, the Shadow of Death, +and many other things. Nor is the danger he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span> +met with at Vanity Fair to be forgotten by thee. +For if he, though a man, was so hard put to it, +what canst thou, being but a poor woman, do? +Consider also that these four sweet babes are thy +children, thy flesh and thy bones. Wherefore, +though thou shouldest be so rash as to cast away +thyself, yet, for the sake of thy children, keep +thou at home.</p> + +<p>But Christiana said unto her, "Tempt me not, +my neighbor. I have now a price put into +my hands to get gain, and I should be a fool of +the greatest size if I should have no heart to strike +in with the opportunity. And for that you tell +me of all these troubles which I am like to meet +with in the way, they are so far off from being +to me a discouragement, that they show I am in +the right. The bitter must come before the +sweet, and that also will make the sweet the sweeter. +Wherefore, since you came not to my house +in God's name, as I said, I pray you to be gone, +and not to disquiet me further."</p> + +<p>Then Timorous reviled her, and said to her +fellow, "Come, neighbor Mercy, let us leave her +in her own hands, since she scorns our counsel +and company." But Mercy was at a stand, and +could not so readily comply with her neighbor, +and that for a twofold reason. 1. Her heart +yearned over Christiana; so she said within herself, +"If my neighbor will needs be gone, I will go +a little way with her, and help her." 2. Her heart +yearned over her own soul; for what Christiana<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span> +had said had taken hold upon her mind. Wherefore +she said within herself again, "I will yet have +more talk with this Christiana, and if I find truth +and life in what she shall say, myself, with my +heart, shall also go with her." Wherefore Mercy +began thus to reply to her neighbor Timorous:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Neighbor, I did indeed come with you to +see Christiana this morning; and since she is, +as you see, taking her last farewell of her country, +I think to walk this sunshiny morning a little +with her, to help her on her way.</p> + +<p>But she told her not of the second reason, but +kept that to herself.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tim.</span> Well, I see you have a mind to go a-fooling +too; but take heed in time, and be wise. While +we are out of danger, we are out; but when we +are in, we are in.</p> + +<p>So Mrs. Timorous returned to her house, and +Christiana betook herself to her journey. But +when Timorous was got home to her house, she +sends for some of her neighbors; to wit, Mrs. +Bat's-eyes, Mrs. Inconsiderate, Mrs. Light-mind, +and Mrs. Know-nothing. So, when they were +come to her house, she falls to telling of the story +of Christiana and of her intended journey. And +thus she began her tale:</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MRS. TIMOROUS' NEIGHBORS</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tim.</span> Neighbors, having had little to do this +morning, I went to give Christiana a visit; and +when I came at the door, I knocked, as you know +it is our custom; and she answered, "If you come +in God's name come in." So in I went, thinking<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span> +all was well; but when I came in I found her +preparing herself to depart the town, she and also +her children. So I asked her what was her +meaning by that. And she told me, in short, +that she was now of a mind to go on pilgrimage, +as did her husband. She told me also a dream +that she had, and how the King of the country +where her husband was had sent her an inviting +letter to come thither.</p> + +<p>Then said Mrs. Know-nothing, "And, what! +do you think she will go?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tim.</span> Ay, go she will, whatever comes on't; +and methinks I know it by this: for that which +was my great reason in persuading her to stay at +home (that is, the troubles she was like to meet +with in the way) is one great reason with her to +put her forward on her journey. For she told +me, in so many words, "The bitter goes before the +sweet; yea, and forasmuch as it so doth, it makes +the sweet the sweeter."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mrs. Bat's-eyes.</span> "Oh, this blind and foolish +woman!" said she; "will she not take warning +by her husband's trials? For my part, I see, if +he were here again, he would rest him content in +a whole skin, and never run so many dangers for +nothing."</p> + +<p>Mrs. Inconsiderate also replied, saying, "Away +with such fantastical fools from the town! a +good riddance, for my part, I say, of her! Should +she stay where she dwells, and retain this her +mind, who could live quietly by her? for she will<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span> +either be dumpish, or unneighborly, or talk of +such matters as no wise body can abide. Wherefore, +for my part, I shall never be sorry for her +departure: let her go, and let better come in her +room. It was never a good world since these +whimsical fools dwelt in it."</p> + +<p>Then Mrs. Light-mind added as followeth: +"Come, put this kind of talk away. I was yesterday +at Madam Wanton's, where we were as +merry as the maids. For who do you think +should be there, but I and Mrs. Love-the-Flesh, +and three or four more, with Mr. Lechery, Mrs. +Filth, and some others. So there we had music +and dancing, and what else was meet to fill up the +pleasure. And, I dare say, my lady herself is +an admirable well-bred gentlewoman, and Mr. +Lechery is as pretty a fellow."</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER II.</h2> + +<h3>THE WICKET-GATE.</h3> + + +<p>By this time Christiana was got on her way, +and Mercy went along with her. So as +they went, her children being there also, +Christiana began to discourse. "And, Mercy," +said Christiana, "I take this as an unexpected +favor, that thou shouldest set forth out of doors +with me, to accompany me a little in my way."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Then said young Mercy (for she was but +young), "If I thought it would be a good purpose +to go with you, I would never go near the town +any more."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "Well, Mercy," said Christiana, "cast in +thy lot with me: I well know what will be the end +of our pilgrimage: my husband is where he would +not but be for all the gold in the Spanish mines. +Nor shalt thou be turned away, though thou goest +but upon my invitation. The King who hath sent +for me and my children is One that delighteth in +mercy. Besides, if thou wilt, I will hire thee, and +thou shalt go along with me as my servant; yet +we will have all things in common betwixt thee +and me, only go along with me."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> But how shall I be sure that I also shall +be welcomed? Had I this hope but from one that +can tell, I would have no hesitation at all, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span> +would go, being helped by Him that can help, +though the way be never so tedious.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Well, loving Mercy, I will tell thee what +thou shalt do: go with me to the wicket-gate, and +there I will further inquire for thee; and if there +thou dost not meet with encouragement, I will be +content that thou shalt return to thy place: I +also will pay thee for thy kindness which thou +showest to me and my children, in the accompanying +of us in our way as thou dost.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MERCY GOES WITH CHRISTIANA</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Then will I go thither, and will take what +shall follow; and the Lord grant that my lot may +there fall, even as the King of heaven shall have +His heart upon me!</p> + +<p>Christiana was then glad at her heart, not only +that she had a companion, but also for that she +had prevailed with this poor maid to fall in love +with her own salvation. So they went on together +and Mercy began to weep.</p> + +<p>Then said Christiana, "Wherefore weepeth my +sister so?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> "Alas!" said she, "who can but lament, +that shall but rightly consider what a state and +condition my poor relations are in, that yet +remain in our sinful town? And that which +makes my grief the more heavy is, because they +have no one to teach them nor to tell them what +is to come."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Tenderness becometh pilgrims; and thou +dost for thy friends as my good Christian did for +me when he left me: he mourned for that I would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span> +not heed nor regard him; but his Lord and ours +did gather up his tears, and put them into His +bottle; and now both I and thou, and these my +sweet babes, are reaping the fruit and benefit of +them I hope, Mercy, that these tears of thine will +not be lost; for the Truth hath said that "they +that sow in tears shall reap in joy," in singing; +and "he that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing +precious seed, shall doubtless come again with +rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him."</p> + +<p>Then said Mercy:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Let the Most Blessèd be my guide,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">If 't be His blessèd will,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Unto His gate, into His fold,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Up to His holy hill.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"And never let Him suffer me</span><br /> +<span class="i1">To swerve or turn aside</span><br /> +<span class="i0">From His free grace and holy ways,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Whate'er shall me betide.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"And let Him gather them of mine</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That I have left behind:</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Lord, make them pray they may be Thine,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">With all their heart and mind."</span> +</div> </div> + +<p>Now my old friend proceeded, and said, "But +when Christiana came to the Slough of Despond, +she began to be at a stand; 'For,' said she, 'this +is the place in which my dear husband had like +to have been smothered with mud.' She perceived +also that, notwithstanding the command +of the King to make this place for pilgrims good,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span> +yet it was rather worse than formerly." So I +asked if that was true.</p> + +<p>"Yes," said the old gentleman, "too true, for +many there be that pretend to be the King's +laborers, and say they are for mending the King's +highway, that bring dirt and dung instead of +stones, and so mar instead of mending. Here +Christiana, therefore, with her boys, did make a +stand. But said Mercy, 'Come, let us venture, +only let us be wary.' Then they looked well to +their steps, and made shift to get staggeringly +over. Yet Christiana had to have been in, and +that not once nor twice.</p> + +<p>"Now, they had no sooner got over, but they +thought they heard words that said unto them, +'Blessed is she that believeth, for there shall be a +performance of those things which were told her +from the Lord.'</p> + +<p>"Then they went on again; and said Mercy to +Christiana, 'Had I as good ground to hope for a +loving reception at the wicket-gate as you, I +think no Slough of Despond would discourage me.'</p> + +<p>"'Well,' said the other, 'You know your +trouble, and I know mine; and, good friend, we +shall have enough evil before we come at our +journey's end. For can it be imagined that the +people that design to attain such excellent glories +as we do, and that are so envied that happiness +as we are, but that we shall meet with what fears, +with what troubles and afflictions they can possibly +assault us with, that hate us?'"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">AT THE WICKET GATE</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span>And now Mr. Sagacity left me to dream out +my dream by myself. Wherefore, methought +I saw Christiana, and Mercy, and the boys, go all +of them up to the gate; to which when they were +come they betook themselves to a short debate +about how they must manage their calling at the +gate, and what should be said unto him that did +open unto them: so it was concluded, since Christiana +was the eldest, that she should knock for entrance, +and that she should speak to him that did +open, for the rest. So Christiana began to knock, +and, as her poor husband did, she knocked and +knocked again. But instead of any that answered, +they all thought that they heard as if a dog came +barking upon them; a dog, and a great one too: +and this made the women and children afraid, nor +durst they for a while to knock any more, for fear +the mastiff should fly upon them. Now, therefore, +they were greatly tumbled up and down in their +minds, and knew not what to do. Knock they +durst not, for fear of the dog; go back they durst +not, for fear the keeper of the gate should espy +them as they so went, and should be offended +with them. At last they thought of knocking +again, and knocked more loudly than they did at +first. Then said the Keeper of the gate, "Who +is there?" So the dog left off to bark, and He +opened unto them.</p> + +<p>Then Christiana made low obeisance, and said, +"Let not our Lord be offended with His handmaidens, +for that we have knocked at His princely gate."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span>Then said the Keeper, "Whence come ye? and +what is it that you would have?"</p> + +<p>Christiana answered, "We are come from +whence Christian did come, and upon the same +errand as he; to wit, to be, if it shall please you, +graciously admitted by this gate into the way that +leads to the Celestial City. And I answer, my +Lord, in the next place, that I am Christiana, +once the wife of Christian, that now is gotten +above."</p> + +<p>With that the Keeper of the gate did marvel, +saying, "What! is she now become a pilgrim, that, +but a while ago hated that life?"</p> + +<p>Then she bowed her head, and said, "Yes; +and so are these my sweet babes also."</p> + +<p>Then He took her by the hand, and let her in, +and said also, "Suffer the little children to come +unto me;" and with that He shut up the gate. +This done, He called to a trumpeter that was above, +over the gate, to entertain Christiana with shouting +and sound of trumpet for joy. So he obeyed, +and sounded, and filled the air with his melodious +notes.</p> + +<p>Now, all this while poor Mercy did stand without +trembling and crying, for fear that she was +rejected. But when Christiana had got admittance +for herself and her boys, then she began to +make intercession for Mercy.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MERCY FALLS IN A SWOON</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> And she said, "My Lord, I have a companion +of mine that stands yet without, that is +come hither upon the same account as myself,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span> +one that is much troubled in her mind, for that +she comes, as she thinks, without sending for; +whereas I was sent to by my husband's King to +come."</p> + +<p>Now Mercy began to be very impatient, for +each minute was as long to her as an hour; wherefore +she prevented Christiana from asking for +her more fully by knocking at the gate herself. +And she knocked then so loud that she made +Christiana to start. Then said the Keeper of the +gate, "Who is there?" And said Christiana, "It is +my friend."</p> + +<p>So He opened the gate and looked out; but +Mercy was fallen down without in a swoon, for +she fainted, and was afraid that no gate would be +opened to her.</p> + +<p>Then he took her by the hand, and said, +"Maiden, I bid thee arise."</p> + +<p>"Oh, sir," said she, "I am faint: there is scarce +life left in me."</p> + +<p>But He answered that "One once said, 'When +my soul fainted within me, I remembered the +Lord; and my prayer came in unto Thee, into +Thy holy temple.' Fear not, but stand upon thy +feet, and tell me wherefore thou art come."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> I am come for that unto which I was never +invited, as my friend Christiana was. Hers was +from the King, and mine was but from her. +Wherefore I fear I presume.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Keep.</span> Did she desire thee to come with her +to this place?</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Yes; and, as my Lord sees, I am come. +And if there is any grace and forgiveness of sins to +spare, I beseech that I, Thy poor handmaiden, +may be partaker thereof.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MERCY PERMITTED TO ENTER</div> + +<p>Then He took her again by the hand, and led +her gently in, and said, "I pray for all them that +believe on me, by what means soever they come +unto me." Then said He to those that stood by, +"Fetch something, and give it to Mercy to smell +on, thereby to stay her fainting." So they +fetched her a bundle of myrrh, and a while after +she was revived.</p> + +<p>And now was Christiana and her boys and Mercy +received of the Lord at the head of the way, and +spoke kindly unto by Him. Then said they yet +further unto Him, "We are sorry for our sins, +and beg of our Lord His pardon and further information +what we must do."</p> + +<p>"I grant pardon," said He, "by word and deed: +by word, in the promise of forgiveness; by deed, +in the way I obtained it. Take the first from my +lips with a kiss, and the other as it shall be +revealed."</p> + +<p>Now, I saw in my dream, that He spake many +good words unto them, whereby they were greatly +gladded. He also had them up to the top of the +gate, and showed them by what deed they were +saved; and told them withal that that sight they +would have again as they went along the way, +to their comfort.</p> + +<p>So He left them a while in a summer parlor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span> +below, where they entered into a talk by themselves; +and thus Christiana began:</p> + +<p>"O Lord, how glad am I that we are got in +hither!"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> So you well may; but I of all have cause +to leap for joy.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> I thought one time as I stood at the gate, +because I knocked, and none did answer, that +all our labor had been lost, specially when that +ugly cur made such a heavy barking against us.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> But my worst fear was after I saw that +you were taken into His favor, and that I was left +behind. Now, thought I, it is fulfilled which is +written, "Two women shall be grinding at the +mill; the one shall be taken, and the other left." +I had much ado to forbear crying out, "Undone! +undone!" And afraid I was to knock any more: +but when I looked up to what was written over +the gate, I took courage. I also thought that I +must either knock again or die; so I knocked, +but I cannot tell how, for my spirit now struggled +betwixt life and death.</p> + +<p><i>Chr.</i> Can you not tell how you knocked? I +am sure your knocks were so earnest, that the +very sound of them made me start. I thought I +never heard such knocking in all my life; I thought +you would come in by violent hands, or take the +kingdom by storm.</p> + +<p><i>Mer.</i> Alas! to be in my case, who that so was +could but have done so? You saw that the door +was shut upon me, and that there was a most<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span> +cruel dog thereabout. Who, I say, that was so +faint-hearted as I, would not have knocked with +all their might? But, pray, what said my +Lord to my rudeness? Was He not angry with +me?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> When He heard your lumbering noise, +He gave a wonderful innocent smile; I believe +what you did pleased Him well enough, for He +showed no sign to the contrary. But I marvel +in my heart why he keeps such a dog; had I +known that afore, I should not have had heart +enough to have ventured myself in this manner. +But now we are in, we are in, and I am glad +with all my heart.</p> + +<p><i>Mer.</i> I will ask, if you please, next time He +comes down, why He keeps such a filthy cur in +His yard. I hope He will not take it amiss.</p> + +<p>"Ay, do," said the children, "and persuade Him +to hang him, for we are afraid he will bite us when +we go hence."</p> + +<p>So at last He came down to them again, and +Mercy fell to the ground on her face before Him, +and worshiped, and said, "Let my Lord accept +the offering of praise which I now offer unto Him +with my lips."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MERCY EXPRESSES HER FEARS</div> + +<p>So He said unto her, "Peace be to thee; stand +up." But she continued upon her face, and said, +"Righteous art Thou, O Lord, when I plead with +Thee; yet let me talk with Thee of Thy judgments. +Wherefore dost Thou keep so cruel a dog in Thy +yard, at the sight of which such women and children<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span> +as we are ready to fly from the gate with fear?" +He answered and said, "That dog has another +owner; he also is kept close in another man's +ground, only my pilgrims hear his barking: he +belongs to the castle which you see there at a distance, +but can come up to the walls of this place. +He has frighted many an honest pilgrim from +worse to better, by the great voice of his roaring. +Indeed, he that owneth him doth not keep him +out of any good-will to me or mine, but with +intent to keep the pilgrims from coming to me, +and that they may be afraid to come and knock +at this gate for entrance. Sometimes also he has +broken out, and has worried some that I love; +but I take all at present patiently. I also give +my pilgrims timely help, so that they are not +delivered up to his power, to do with them what +his doggish nature would prompt him to. But, +what! my beloved one, I should suppose, hadst +thou known even so much beforehand, thou +wouldst not have been afraid of a dog. The +beggars that go from door to door will, rather than +lose a supposed alms, run the danger of the bawling, +barking, and biting too, of a dog; and shall +a dog in another man's yard, a dog whose barking +I turn to the profit of pilgrims, keep any one from +coming to me? I deliver them from the lions, +their darling from the power of the dog."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Then said Mercy, "I confess my ignorance, +I spake what I understood not: I acknowledge +that Thou doest all things well."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Then Christiana began to talk of their +journey, and to inquire after the way.</p> + +<p>So He fed them, and washed their feet, and set +them in the way of His steps, according as He had +dealt with her husband before.</p> + +<p>So I saw in my dream that they walked on in +their way, and had the weather very comfortable +to them.</p> + +<p>Then Christiana began to sing:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Blessed be the day that I began</span><br /> +<span class="i1">A pilgrim for to be;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And blessèd also be the man</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That thereto movèd me.</span> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"'Tis true 'twas long ere I began</span><br /> +<span class="i1">To seek to live for ever;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But now I run fast as I can:</span><br /> +<span class="i1">'Tis better late than never.</span> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Our tears to joy, our fears to faith,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Are turnèd, as we see;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Thus our beginning (as one saith)</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Shows what our end will be."</span> +</div></div> + +<p>Now, there was, on the other side of the wall +that fenced in the way up which Christiana and +her companions were to go, a garden, and that +garden belonged to him whose was that barking +dog, of whom mention was made before. And +some of the fruit-trees that grew in that garden +shot their branches over the wall; and, being +mellow, they that found them did gather them up +and oft eat of them to their hurt. So Christiana's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span> +boys, as boys are apt to do, being pleased with the +trees, and the fruit that did hang thereon, did +bend the branches down, and pluck the fruit, and +begin to eat. Their mother did also chide them +for so doing; but still the boys went on.</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i_246.jpg" width="400" height="615" alt="Christiana's Boys Began to Eat. +" title="Christiana's Boys Began to Eat. +" /> +<span class="caption">Christiana's Boys Began to Eat.<br /> +<small>See page 231</small></span> +</div> + +<p>"Well," said she, "my sons, you do wrong, for +that fruit is none of ours;" but she did not know +that it did belong to the enemy: I'll warrant you, +if she had, she would have been ready to die for +fear. But that passed, and they went on their +way.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE ILL-FAVORED ONES</div> + +<p>Now, by that they were gone about two bow-shots +from the place that led them unto the way, +they espied two very ill-favored ones coming +down apace to meet them. With that, Christiana, +and Mercy her friend, covered themselves with +their veils, and so kept on their journey; the +children also went on before; so that, at last, +they met together. Then they that came down +to meet them came just up to the women, as if +they would embrace them; but Christiana said, +"Stand back, or go peaceably by, as you should."</p> + +<p>Yet these two, as men that are deaf, regarded +not Christiana's words, but began to lay hands +upon them. At that, Christiana, waxing very +wroth, spurned at them with her feet. Mercy +also, as well as she could, did what she could to +shift them. Christiana again said to them, +"Stand back, and be gone; for we have no money +to lose, being pilgrims, as you see, and such, too, +as live upon the charity of our friends."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span><span class="smcap">Ill-favored One.</span> Then said one of the two +men, "We make no assault upon you for money, +but are come out to tell you that, if you will grant +one small request which we shall ask, we will make +women of you for ever."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Now Christiana, imagining what they +should mean, made answer again, "We will neither +hear nor regard, nor yield to what you shall ask. +We are in haste, and cannot stay; our business is +a business of life or death."</p> + +<p>So again she and her companions made a fresh +attempt to go past them; but they letted them +in their way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ill-fav.</span> And they said, "We intend no hurt +to your lives; it is another thing we would have."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "Ay," quoth Christiana, "you would have +us body and soul, for I know it is for that you are +come; but we will die rather upon the spot, than +to suffer ourselves to be brought into such snares +as shall risk the loss of our well-being hereafter." +And, with that, they both shrieked out, and cried, +"Murder! murder!" and so put themselves under +those laws that are provided for the protection of +women. But the men still made their approach +upon them, with design to prevail against them. +They therefore cried out again.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">A RELIEVER APPEARS</div> + +<p>Now, they being, as I said, far from the gate +in at which they came, their voices were heard +from where they were, thither; wherefore some +of the house came out, and, knowing it was Christiana's +tongue, they made haste to her relief.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span> +But by the time that they were got within sight +of them, the women were in a very great terror; +the children also stood crying by. Then did he +that came in for their relief call out to the ruffians, +saying, "What is that thing you do? Would you +make my Lord's people to do wrong?" He also +attempted to take them, but they did make their +escape over the wall into the garden of the man +to whom the great dog belonged; so the dog +became their protector. This Reliever then came +up to the women and asked them how they did.</p> + +<p>So they answered, "We thank thy Prince, +pretty well, only we have been somewhat affrighted: +we thank thee also for that thou camest +in to our help, otherwise we had been overcome."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Reliever.</span> So, after a few more words, this +Reliever said as followeth: "I marvelled much +when you were entertained at the gate above, +being ye knew that ye were but weak women, +that you asked not the Lord for a conductor. +Then might you have avoided these troubles and +dangers; for He would have granted you one."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "Alas!" said Christiana, "we were taken +so with our present blessing, that dangers to +come were forgotten by us. Besides, who could +have thought that, so near the King's palace, +there could have lurked such naughty ones? +Indeed, it had been well for us had we asked our +Lord for one; but, since our Lord knew it would +be for our profit, I wonder He sent not one along +with us."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span><span class="smcap">Rel.</span> It is not always necessary to grant things +not asked for, lest, by so doing, they become of +little value; but when the want of a thing is +felt, then he who needs it feels its preciousness; +and so when it is given it will be used. Had my +Lord granted you a conductor, you would not +either have so bewailed that oversight of yours, +in not asking for one, as now you have occasion +to do. So all things work for good, and tend to +make you more wary.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Shall we go back again to my Lord, and +confess our folly, and ask one?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rel.</span> Your confession of your folly I will +present Him with. To go back again you need +not; for, in all places where you shall come, +you will find no want at all; for, in every one of my +Lord's lodgings, which He has prepared for the +care of His pilgrims, there is sufficient to furnish +them against all attempts whatsoever. But, +as I said, He will be asked of by them, to do it for +them. And 'tis a poor thing that is not worth +asking for.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE PILGRIMS PROCEED</div> + +<p>When he had thus said, he went back to his +place, and the pilgrims went on their way.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Then said Mercy, "What a sudden blank +is here! I made account we had been past all +danger, and that we should never see sorrow +more."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "Thy innocence, my sister," said Christiana +to Mercy, "may excuse thee much; but +as for me, fault is so much the greater, for that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span> +I saw the danger before I came out of the doors, +and yet did not provide for it when provision +might have been had. I am, therefore, much to +be blamed."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Then said Mercy, "How knew you this +before you came from home? Pray, open to me +this riddle."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Why, I will tell you. Before I set foot +out of doors, one night, as I lay in my bed, I had +a dream about this; for methought I saw two +men, as like these as ever any in the world could +look, stand at my bed's feet, plotting how they +might prevent my salvation. I will tell you +their very words. They said (it was when I was +in my troubles), "What shall we do with this +woman? for she cries out waking and sleeping +for forgiveness: if she be suffered to go on as she +begins, we shall lose her as we have lost her +husband." This, you know, might have made +me take heed, and have provided when provision +might have been had.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> "Well," said Mercy, "as by this neglect +we have been made to behold our own imperfections, +so our Lord has taken occasion thereby +to make manifest the riches of His grace; for He, +as we see, has followed us with unasked kindness, +and has delivered us from their hands that were +stronger than we, of His mere good pleasure."</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER III.</h2> + +<h3>THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE.</h3> + +<div class="sidenote">THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE</div> + + +<p>Thus, now, when they had talked away a little +more time, they drew near to a house which +stood in the way, which house was built for +the relief of pilgrims, as you will find more fully +related in the first part of these records of the Pilgrim's +Progress. So they drew on towards the +house (the house of the Interpreter); and, when +they came to the door, they heard a great talk in +the house. Then they gave ear, and heard, as they +thought, Christiana mentioned by name; for you +must know that there went along, even before +her, a talk of her and her children's going on +pilgrimage. And this was the more pleasing to +them, because they had heard she was Christian's +wife, that woman who was some time ago so unwilling +to hear of going on pilgrimage. Thus, +therefore, they stood still, and heard the good +people within commending her, who, they little +thought, stood at the door. At last Christiana +knocked, as she had done at the gate before. +Now, when she had knocked, there came to the +door a young maiden, and opened the door and +looked; and, behold, two women were there.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Maid.</span> Then said the maid to them, "With +whom would you speak in this place?"</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Christiana answered, "We understand +that this is a place prepared for those that are +become pilgrims, and we now at this door are such; +wherefore we pray that we may be partakers of +that for which we at this time are come; for the +day, as thou seest, is very far spent, and we are +loth to-night to go any farther."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dam.</span> Pray, what may I call your name, that +I may tell it to my lord within?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> My name is Christiana: I was the wife +of that pilgrim that some years ago did travel this +way; and these be his four children. This young +woman is my companion, and is going on pilgrimage +too.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Innocent.</span> Then Innocent ran in (for that was +her name,) and said to those within, "Can you +think who is at the door? There are Christiana +and her children, and her companion, all waiting +for entertainment here."</p> + +<p>Then they leaped for joy, and went and told +their master. So he came to the door, and looking +upon her, he said, "Art thou that Christiana whom +Christian the good man left behind him, when +he betook himself to a pilgrim's life?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> I am that woman that was so hard-hearted +as to slight my husband's troubles, and +then left him to go on his journey alone; and +these are his four children. But now also I am +come, for I am convinced that no way is right +but this.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> Then is fulfilled that which also is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span> +written of the man that said to his son, "Go, +work to-day in my vineyard;" and he said to his +father, "I will not;" but afterwards he repented, +and went.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Then said Christiana, "So be it: Amen. +God make it a true saying upon me, and grant +that I may be found at the last of Him in peace, +without spot and blameless!"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> But why standest thou thus at the +door? Come in, thou blessed one. We were +talking of thee but now; for tidings have come +to us before how thou art become a pilgrim. +Come, children, come in; come, maiden, come in.</p> + +<p>So he had them all into the house.</p> + + +<div class="sidenote">PILGRIMS ENTERTAINED</div> + +<p>So when they were within, they were bidden to +sit down and rest them; the which when they +had done, those that attended upon the pilgrims +in the house came into the room to see them. +And one smiled, and another smiled, and they all +smiled for joy that Christiana was become a +pilgrim. They also looked upon the boys; they +stroked them over the faces with the hand, in +token of their kind reception of them; they also +carried it lovingly to Mercy, and bid them all +welcome into their master's house.</p> + +<p>After a while, because supper was not ready, +the Interpreter took them into his significant +rooms, and showed them what Christian, Christiana's +husband, had seen some time before. +Here, therefore, they saw the man in the cage, the +man and his dream, the man that cut his way<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span> +through his enemies, and the picture of the biggest +of them all, together with the rest of those things +that were then so profitable to Christian.</p> + +<p>This done, and after those things had been seen +and thought of by Christiana and her company, +the Interpreter takes them apart again, and has +them first into a room where was a man that +could look no way but downwards, with a muck-rake +in his hand. There stood also one over his +head, with a celestial crown in his hand, and +proffered to give him that crown for his muck-rake; +but the man did neither look up nor regard, +but raked to himself the straws, the small sticks, +and the dust of the floor.</p> + +<p>Then said Christiana, "I persuade myself that +I know somewhat the meaning of this; for this is +a figure of a man of this world. Is it not, good +sir?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> "Thou hast said the right," said he; +"and his muck-rake doth show his worldly mind. +And whereas thou seest him rather give heed to +rake up straws and sticks, and the dust of the +floor, than to do what he says that calls to him +from above with the celestial crown in his hand; +it is to show that heaven is but a fable to some, +and that things here are counted the only things +substantial. Now, whereas it was also showed +thee that the man could look no way but downwards; +it is to let thee know that earthly things, +when they are with power upon men's minds, +quite carry their hearts away from God."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Then said Christiana, "Oh, deliver me +from this muck-rake!"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> "That prayer," said the Interpreter, +"has lain by till it is almost rusty. 'Give me +not riches' is scarce the prayer of one of ten thousand. +Straws, and sticks, and dust, with most, +are the great things now looked after."</p> + +<p>With that, Mercy and Christiana wept, and said, +"It is, alas! too true."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">INTERPRETER'S ALLEGORIES</div> + +<p>When the Interpreter had showed them this, +he had them into the very best room in the house; +a very brave room it was. So he bid them look +round about, and see if they could find anything +there. Then they looked round and round; +for there was nothing to be seen but a very +great spider on the wall, and that they overlooked.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Then said Mercy, "Sir, I see nothing."</p> + +<p>But Christiana held her peace.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> "But," said the Interpreter, "look +again."</p> + +<p>She therefore looked again, and said, "Here is +not anything but an ugly spider, who hangs by +her hands upon the wall."</p> + +<p>Then said he, "Is there but one spider in all +this spacious room?"</p> + +<p>Then the water stood in Christiana's eyes, for +she was a woman quick of mind; and she said, +"Yes, my lord; there is here more than one; yea, +and spiders whose venom is far more destructive +than that which is in her."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span>The Interpreter then looked pleasantly upon +her, and said, "Thou hast said the truth."</p> + +<p>This made Mercy blush and the boys to cover +their faces; for they all began now to understand +the riddle.</p> + +<p>Then said the Interpreter again, "The spider +taketh hold with her hands (as you see), and is in +kings' palaces. And wherefore is this recorded, +but to show you that, how full of the venom of +sin soever you be, yet you may, by the hand of +faith, lay hold of and dwell in the best room that +belongs to the king's house above."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "I thought," said Christiana, "of something +of this; but I could not imagine it all. I +thought that we were like spiders, and that we +looked like ugly creatures, in what fine rooms soever +we were: but that by this spider, this venomous +and ill-favored creature, we were to learn how +to act faith, that came not into my mind; and +yet she has taken hold with her hands, and, as I +see, dwelleth in the best room in the house. God +has made nothing in vain."</p> + +<p>Then they seemed all to be glad, but the water +stood in their eyes; yet they looked one upon another, +and also bowed before the Interpreter.</p> + +<p>He had them then into another room, where +were a hen and chickens, and bid them observe +a while. So one of the chickens went to the trough +to drink; and every time she drank, she lifted up +her head and her eyes toward heaven. "See," +said he, "what this little chick doth; and learn<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span> +of her to acknowledge whence your mercies come, +by receiving them with looking up. Yet again," +said he, "observe and look."</p> + +<p>So they gave heed, and perceived that the hen +did walk in a fourfold method towards her +chickens. First, she had a common call, and that +she hath all day long. Secondly, she had a +special call, and that she had but sometimes. +Thirdly, she had a brooding note. And, fourthly +she had an outcry.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> "Now," said he, "compare this hen to +your King, and these chickens to His obedient +ones: for, answerable to her, He Himself hath +His methods which He walketh in toward His +people. By His common call, He gives nothing; +by His special call, He always has something to +give; He also has a brooding voice for them that +are under His wing; and He hath an outcry, to +give the alarm when He seeth the enemy come. I +chose, my darlings, to lead you into the room +where such things are, because you are women, +and they are easy for you."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "And, sir," said Christiana, "pray let +us see some more."</p> + +<p>So he had them into the slaughter-house, where +the butcher was killing a sheep; and, behold, the +sheep was quiet, and took her death patiently. +Then said the Interpreter, "You must learn of +this sheep to suffer, and to put up with wrongs +without murmurings and complaints. Behold +how quietly she takes her death; and, without<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span> +objecting, she suffereth her skin to be pulled over +her ears. Your King doth call you His sheep."</p> + +<p>After this, he led them into his garden, where +was great variety of flowers; and he said, "Do +you see all these?" So Christiana said, "Yes." +Then said he again, "Behold, the flowers are +diverse in stature, in quality, and color, and +smell, and virtue, and some are better than others; +also, where the gardener has set them, there they +stand, and quarrel not one with another."</p> + +<p>Again, he had them into his field, which he had +sowed with wheat and corn; but when they beheld, +the tops of all were cut off, and only the +straw remained. He said again, "This ground +was made rich, and was ploughed, and sowed; +but what shall we do with the crop?" Then said +Christiana, "Burn some, and make muck of the +rest." Then said the Interpreter again, "Fruit, +you see, is that thing you look for; and, for want +of that, you send it to the fire, and to be trodden +under foot of men. Beware that in this you +condemn not yourselves."</p> + +<p>Then, as they were coming in from abroad, they +espied a little robin with a great spider in his +mouth. So the Interpreter said, "Look here." +So they looked, and Mercy wondered; but Christiana +said, "What a disparagement is it to such a +pretty little bird as the robin-redbreast is; he +being also a bird above many, that loveth to +maintain a kind of sociableness with man! I had +thought they had lived upon crumbs of bread, or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span> +upon other such harmless matter. I like him +worse than I did."</p> + +<p>The Interpreter then replied, "This robin is an +emblem very apt, to set forth some people by; +for to sight they are as this robin, pretty of note, +color, and conduct. They seem also to have a +very great love for those that are sincere followers +of Christ; and above all other to desire to associate +with them, and to be in their company, +as if they could live upon the good man's crumbs. +They pretend, also, that therefore it is that they +frequent the house of the godly and the appointments +of the Lord; but, when they are by themselves, +as the robin, they can catch and gobble up +spiders, they can change their diet, drink wickedness, +and swallow down sin like water."</p> + +<p>So, when they were come again into the house, +because supper as yet was not ready, Christiana +again desired that the Interpreter would either +show, or tell of, some other things that were +profitable.</p> + +<p>Then the Interpreter began, and said, "The +fatter the sow is the more she desires the mire; +the fatter the ox is, the more thoughtlessly he goes +to the slaughter; and the more healthy the lusty +man is, the more prone he is unto evil. There is a +desire in women to go neat and fine; and it is a +comely thing to be adorned with that which in +God's sight is of great price. 'Tis easier watching +a night or two than to sit up a whole year together; +so 'tis easier for one to begin to profess well than<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span> +to hold out as he should to the end. Every ship-master, +when in a storm, will willingly cast that +overboard which is of the smallest value in the +vessel; but who will throw the best out first? +None but he that feareth not God. One leak will +sink a ship, and one sin will destroy a sinner. +He that forgets his friends is ungrateful unto him +but he that forgets his Saviour is unmerciful to +himself. He that lives in sin, and looks for happiness +hereafter, is like him that soweth weeds, and +thinks to fill his barn with wheat or barley. If a +man would live well, let him bring before him +his last day, and make it always his company-keeper. +Whispering, and change of thoughts, +prove that sin is in the world. If the world, +which God sets light by, is counted a thing of that +worth with men, what is heaven, that God commendeth! +If the life that is attended with so +many troubles is so loth to be let go by us, what +is the life above! Everybody will cry up the +goodness of men; but who is there that is, as he +should be, affected with the goodness of God?"</p> + +<p>When the Interpreter had done, he takes them +out into his garden again, and had them to a tree, +whose inside was all rotten and gone, and yet it +grew and had leaves.</p> + +<p>Then said Mercy, "What means this?"</p> + +<p>"This tree," said he, "whose outside is fair, and +whose inside is rotten, is that to which many may +be compared that are in the garden of God, who +with their mouths speak high in behalf of God,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span> +but indeed will do nothing for Him; whose leaves +are fair, but their heart good for nothing but to +be tinder for the devil's tinder-box."</p> + +<p>Now supper was ready, the table spread, and +all things set on the board; so they sat down, and +did eat when one had given thanks. And the +Interpreter did usually entertain those that lodged +with him with music at meals; so the minstrels +played. There was also one that did sing, and a +very fine voice he had. His song was this:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"The Lord is only my support,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And He that doth me feed;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">How can I then want anything</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Whereof I stand in need?"</span> +</div> + +<div class="sidenote">DISCOURSE AT SUPPER</div> + +<p>When the song and music were ended, the +Interpreter asked Christiana what it was that first +did move her to betake herself to a pilgrim's life. +Christiana answered, "First, the loss of my husband +came into my mind, at which I was heartily +grieved; but all that was but natural affection. +Then, after that, came the troubles and pilgrimages +of my husband into my mind, and also how +unkindly I had behaved to him as to that. So +guilt took hold of my mind, and would have +drawn me into the pond, to drown myself, but +that, just at the right time, I had a dream of the +well-being of my husband, and a letter sent by the +King of that country where my husband dwells, +to come to him. The dream and the letter together +so wrought upon my mind, that they forced +me to this way."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> But met you with no opposition afore +you set out of doors?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Yes, a neighbor of mine, one Mrs. Timorous: +she was akin to him that would have persuaded +my husband to go back for fear of the lions. +She all-to-be-fooled me for, as she called it, my intended +desperate adventure; she also urged what +she could to dishearten me from it—the hardship +and troubles that my husband met with in the +way; but all this I got over pretty well. But a +dream that I had of two ill-looked ones, that I +thought did plot how to make me fail in my journey, +that hath troubled me much: yea, it still runs +in my mind, and makes me afraid of every one +that I meet, lest they should meet me to do me a +mischief, and to turn me out of my way. Yea, +I may tell my Lord, though I would not have +everybody know it, that, between this and the +gate by which we got into the way, we were both +so sorely attacked that we were made to cry out +"murder;" and the two that made this attack upon +us were like the two that I saw in my dream.</p> + +<p>Then said the Interpreter, "Thy beginning is +good; thy latter end shall greatly increase." So +he addressed himself to Mercy, and said unto her, +"And what moved thee to come hither, sweetheart?"</p> + +<p>Then Mercy blushed and trembled, and for a +while continued silent.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> Then said he, "Be not afraid; only +believe, and speak thy mind."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> So she began, and said, "Truly, sir, my +lack of knowledge is that which makes me wish +to be in silence, and that also that fills me with +fears of coming short at last. I cannot tell of +visions and dreams, as my friend Christiana can +nor know I what it is to mourn for my refusing +the advice of those that were good relations."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> What was it, then, dear heart, that hath +prevailed with thee to do as thou hast done?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Why, when our friend here was packing +up to be gone from our town, I and another went +accidentally to see her. So we knocked at the +door and went in. When we were within, and +seeing what she was doing, we asked her what was +her meaning. She said she was sent for to go to +her husband; and then she up and told us how +she had seen him in a dream, dwelling in a wonderful +place, among immortals, wearing a crown, +playing upon a harp, eating and drinking at his +Prince's table, and singing praises to Him for +bringing him thither, and so on. Now, methought +while she was telling these things unto us, my +heart burned within me. And I said in my heart, +If this be true, I will leave my father and my +mother, and the land of my birth, and will, if I +may, go along with Christiana. So I asked her +further of the truth of these things, and if she +would let me go with her; for I saw now that +there was no dwelling but with the danger of +ruin any longer in our town. But yet I came +away with a heavy heart; not for that I was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span> +unwilling to come away, but for that so many of my +relations were left behind. And I am come with +all the desire of my heart, and will go, if I may, +with Christiana, unto her husband and his King.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Inter.</span> Thy setting out is good, for thou hast +given credit to the truth: thou art a Ruth, who +did, for the love she bare to Naomi and to the +Lord her God, leave father and mother, and the +land of her birth, to come out and go with a people +that she knew not heretofore. The Lord bless +thy work, and a full reward be given thee of the +Lord God of Israel, under whose wings thou art +come to trust.</p> + +<p>Now supper was ended, and preparation was +made for bed: the women were laid singly alone, +and the boys by themselves. Now, when Mercy +was in bed, she could not sleep for joy, for that +now her doubts of missing at last were removed +farther from her than ever they were before. +So she lay blessing and praising God, who had had +such favor for her.</p> + +<p>In the morning they arose with the sun, and +prepared themselves for their departure; but the +Interpreter would have them tarry a while: +"For," said he, "you must orderly go from hence." +Then said he to the maid that first opened to them, +"Take them and have them into the garden, to the +bath, and there wash them, and make them clean +from the soil which they have gathered by traveling."</p> + +<p>Then Innocent the maid took them and had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span> +them into the garden, and brought them to the +bath; so she told them they must wash and be +clean, for so her master would have the women +to do that called at his house as they were going +on pilgrimage. Then they went in and washed, +yea, they and the boys and all; and they came +out of that bath, not only sweet and clean, but +also much enlivened, and strengthened in their +joints. So, when they came in, they looked fairer +a deal than when they went out to the washing.</p> + +<p>When they were returned out of the garden +from the bath, the Interpreter took them, and +looked upon them, and said unto them, "Fair as +the moon." Then he called for the seal wherewith +they used to be sealed that were washed in +this bath. So the seal was brought, and he set his +mark upon them, that they might be known in +the places whither they were yet to go; and the +mark was set between their eyes. This seal +added greatly to their beauty, for it was an ornament +to their faces. It also added to their glory, and +made their countenances more like those of angels.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CLOTHED IN WHITE RAIMENT</div> + +<p>Then said the Interpreter again to the maid +that waited upon these women, "Go into the +vestry, and fetch out garments for these people." +So she went and fetched out white raiment and +laid it down before him; so he commanded them +to put it on; it was fine linen, white and clean. +When the women were thus adorned, they seemed +to be afraid one of the other, for that they could not +see that glory each one had in herself, which they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span> +could see in each other. Now, therefore, they +began to esteem each other better than themselves. +For "You are fairer than I am," said +one; and "You are more beautiful than I am," +said another. The children also stood amazed, +to see into what fashion they were brought.</p> + +<p>The Interpreter then called for a man-servant +of his, one Great-heart, and bid him take sword, +and helmet, and shield, and "Take these my +daughters," said he, "and conduct them to the +house called Beautiful, at which place they will +rest next." So he took his weapons, and went +before them; and the Interpreter said, "God +speed!" Those also that belonged to the family +sent them away with many a good wish. So they +went on their way and sang:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"This place hath been our second stage:</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Here we have heard and seen</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Those good things that from age to age</span><br /> +<span class="i1">To others hid have been.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The Dunghill-raker, Spider, Hen,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The Chicken, too, to me</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Have taught a lesson: let me then</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Conformèd to it be.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"The Butcher, Garden, and the Field,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The Robin and his bait,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Also the Rotten Tree, doth yield</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Me argument of weight:</span><br /> +<span class="i0">To move me for to watch and pray,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">To strive to be sincere,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">To take my cross up day by day,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And serve the Lord with fear."</span> + +</div></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IV.</h2> + +<h3>THE CROSS AND THE CONSEQUENCES.</h3> + + +<p>Now, I saw in my dream that they went on, +and Great-heart before them. So they +went, and came to the place where Christian's +burden fell off his back and tumbled into a +sepulchre. Here, then, they made a pause, and here +also they blessed God. "Now," said Christiana, +"comes to my mind what was said to us at +the gate, to wit, that we should have pardon +by word and deed: by word, that is, by +the promise; by deed, that is, in the way +it was obtained. What the promise is, of +that I know something; but what it is to have +pardon by deed, or in the way that it was obtained, +Mr. Great-heart, I suppose you know; +wherefore, if you please, let us hear you speak +thereof."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">GREAT-HEART DISCOURSES</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Pardon by the deed done, is pardon +obtained by some one for another that hath need +thereof; not by the person pardoned, but in the +way, saith another, in which I have obtained it. +So then, to speak to the question at large, the +pardon that you, and Mercy, and these boys have +obtained, was obtained by another; to wit, by +Him that let you in at the gate. And He hath +obtained it in this double way: He has shown<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span> +righteousness to cover you, and spilt His blood +to wash you in.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> This is brave! Now I see that there was +something to be learnt by our being pardoned by +word and deed. Good Mercy, let us labor to keep +this in mind; and, my children, do you remember +it also. But, sir, was not this it that made my +good Christian's burden fall from off his shoulders, +and that made him give three leaps for joy?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Yes, it was the belief of this that cut +off those strings that could not be cut by other +means; and it was to give him proof of the virtue +of this that he was suffered to carry his burden +to the Cross.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> I thought so; for though my heart was +lightsome and joyous before, yet it is ten times +more lightsome and joyous now. And I am persuaded +by what I have felt, though I have felt +but little as yet, that, if the most burdened man +in the World was here, and did see and believe as +I now do, it would make his heart merry and +blithe.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> There is not only comfort and the ease +of a burden brought to us by the sight and consideration +of these, but an endeared love born in +us by it; for who can, if he doth but once think +that pardon comes, not only by promise, but +thus, but be affected with the way and means of +his redemption, and so love the Man that hath +wrought it for him?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> True: methinks it makes my heart bleed,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span> +to think that He should bleed for me. Oh, Thou +loving One! Oh, Thou blessed One! Thou +deservest to have me: Thou hast bought me. +Thou deservest to have me all: Thou hast paid +for me ten thousand times more than I am worth. +No marvel that this made the water stand in my +husband's eyes, and that it made him trudge so +nimbly on. I am persuaded he wished me with +him; but, vile wretch that I was! I let him come +all alone. Oh, Mercy, that thy father and mother +were here! yea, and Mrs. Timorous also! Nay, +I wish now with all my heart that here was Madam +Wanton too. Surely, surely, their hearts +would be affected; nor could the fear of the one, +nor the powerful passions of the other, prevail +with them to go home again, and refuse to become +good pilgrims.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great</span>. You speak now in the warmth of your +affections: will it, think you, be always thus with +you? Besides, this is not given to every one, nor +to every one that did see your Jesus bleed. There +were that stood by, and that saw the blood run +from His heart to the ground, and yet were so +far off this, that instead of lamenting, they +laughed at Him, and instead of becoming His +disciples, did harden their hearts against him. +So that all that you have, my daughters, you have +by a peculiar feeling made by a thinking upon +what I have spoken to you. This you have, +therefore, by a special grace.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">SIMPLE, SLOTH, PRESUMPTION</div> + +<p>Now, I saw still in my dream, that they went<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span> +on till they were come to the place that Simple, +and Sloth, and Presumption lay and slept in, when +Christian went by on pilgrimage; and, behold, +they were hanged up in irons a little way off on +the other side.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Then said Mercy to him that was their +guide and conductor, "What are those three men? +and for what are they hanged there?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> These three men were men of very +bad qualities: they had no mind to be pilgrims +themselves, and whomsoever they could they +hindered. They were for sloth and folly themselves, +and whomsoever they could persuade with, +they made so too, and withal taught them to +presume that they should do well at last. They +were asleep when Christian went by; and, now +you go by, they are hanged.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> But could they persuade any to be of +their opinion?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Yes, they turned several out of the +way. There was Slow-pace that they persuaded +to do as they. They also prevailed with one +Short-wind, with one No-heart, with one Linger-after-lust, +and with one Sleepy-head, and with +a young woman—her name was Dull—to turn +out of the way and become as they. Besides, +they brought up an ill report of your Lord, persuading +others that He was a hard task-master. +They also brought up an evil report of the good +land, saying it was not half so good as some +pretended it was. They also began to speak<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span> +falsely about His servants, and to count the very +best of them meddlesome, troublesome busy-bodies. +Further, they would call the bread of +God, husks; the comforts of His children, fancies; +the travel labor of pilgrims, things to no purpose.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "Nay," said Christiana, "if they were +such, they never shall be bewailed by me: they +have but what they deserve; and I think it is +well that they hang so near the highway, that +others may see and take warning. But had it +not been well if their crimes had been engraven on +some plate of iron or brass, and left here where +they did their mischiefs, for a caution to other +bad men?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> So it is, as you well may perceive, if +you will go a little to the wall.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> No, no: let them hang, and their names +rot, and their crimes live for ever against them. +I think it a high favor that they were hanged +afore we came hither who knows, else, what they +might have done to such poor women as we are?</p> + +<p>Then she turned it into a song, saying:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Now, then, you three, hang there, and be a sign</span><br /> +<span class="i0">To all that shall against the truth combine;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And let him that comes after fear this end,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">If unto pilgrims he is not a friend.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And thou, my soul, of all such men beware</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That unto holiness opposers are."</span> +</div> + +<p>Thus they went on till they came at the foot +of the Hill Difficulty, where again their good +friend Mr. Great-heart took an occasion to tell<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span> +them of what happened there when Christian +himself went by. So he had them first to the +spring. "Lo," saith he, "this is the spring that +Christian drank of before he went up this hill: +and then it was clear and good; but now it is +dirty with the feet of some that are not desirous +that pilgrims here should quench their thirst." +Thereat Mercy said, "And why are they so +envious, I wonder?" But said their guide, "It +will do if taken up and put into a vessel that is +sweet and good; for then the dirt will sink to the +bottom, and the water come out by itself more +clear." Thus, therefore, Christiana and her +companions were compelled to do. They took +it up, and put it into an earthen pot, and so let it +stand till the dirt was gone to the bottom, and then +they drank thereof.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">TWO DANGEROUS PATHS</div> + +<p>Next he showed them the two by-ways that +were at the foot of the hill, where Formality and +Hypocrisy lost themselves. And said he, "These +are dangerous paths. Two were here cast away +when Christian came by; and although, as you +see, these ways are since stopped up with chains, +posts, and a ditch, yet there are that will choose +to adventure here, rather than take the pains to +go up this hill."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> The way of transgressors is hard. It is a +wonder that they can get into those ways without +danger of breaking their necks.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> They will venture: yea, if at any +time any of the King's servants doth happen to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span> +see them, and doth call unto them, and tell them +that they are in the wrong ways, and do bid them +beware the danger, then they will railingly return +them answer, and say, "As for the word that thou +hast spoken unto us in the name of the King, +we will not hearken unto thee; but we will certainly +do whatsoever thing goeth forth out of our +own mouth." Nay, if you look a little farther, +you shall see that these ways are warned against +enough, not only by these posts, and ditch, and +chain, but also by being hedged up; yet they +will choose to go there.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> They are idle: they love not to take +pains: up-hill way is unpleasant to them. So it +is fulfilled unto them as it is written, "The way +of the slothful man is a hedge of thorns." Yea, +they will rather choose to walk upon a snare +than go up this hill, and the rest of this way to +the City.</p> + +<p>Then they set forward, and began to go up the +hill; and up the hill they went. But, before they +got to the top, Christiana began to pant, and +said, "I dare say this is a breathing hill: no +marvel if they that love their ease more than their +souls choose to themselves a smoother way." +Then said Mercy, "I must sit down;" also the +least of the children began to cry. "Come, +come," said Great-heart, "sit not down here, for +a little above is the Prince's arbor." Then took +he the little boy by the hand, and led him up +thereto.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE ARBOR ON THE HILL</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span>When they were come to the arbor, they were +very willing to sit down, for they were all in a +pelting heat. Then said Mercy, "How sweet is +rest to them that labor, and how good is the Prince +of pilgrims to provide such resting-places for +them! Of this arbor I have heard much, but I +never saw it before. But here let us beware of +sleeping; for, as I have heared, for that it cost +poor Christian dear."</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Great-heart to the little ones, +"Come, my pretty boys, how do you do? what +think you now of going on pilgrimage?"</p> + +<p>"Sir," said the least, "I was almost beat out +of heart; but I thank you for lending me a hand +at my need. And I remember now what my +mother has told me, namely, 'That the way to +heaven is as up a ladder, and the way to hell is +as down a hill.' But I rather go up the ladder +to life, than the hill to death."</p> + +<p>Then said Mercy, "But the proverb, is, 'To +go down the hill is easy.'"</p> + +<p>But James said (for that was his name), "The +day is coming when, in my opinion, going down-hill +will be the hardest of all."</p> + +<p>"That's a good boy," said his master; "thou +hast given her a right answer."</p> + +<p>Then Mercy smiled, but the little boy did blush.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "Come," said Christiana, "will you eat a +bit, a little to sweeten your mouths, while you +sit here to rest your legs? for I have here a piece +of pomegranate, which Mr. Interpreter put in my<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span> +hand just when I came out of his doors: he gave +me also a piece of a honeycomb, and a little bottle +of spirits."</p> + +<p>"I thought he gave you something," said +Mercy, "because he called you aside."</p> + +<p>"Yes, so he did," said the other; "but, Mercy, +it shall still be as I said it should, when at first +we came from home; thou shalt be a sharer in all +the good that I have, because thou so willingly +didst become my companion."</p> + +<p>Then she gave to them, and they did eat, both +Mercy and the boys. And said Christiana to +Mr. Great-heart, "Sir, will you do as we and +take some refreshment?"</p> + +<p>But he answered, "You are going on pilgrimage, +and presently I shall return; much good may +have do to you: at home I eat the same every +day."</p> + +<p>Now, when they had eaten and drunk, and had +chatted a little longer, their guide said to them, +"The day wears away; if you think good, let us +prepare to be going." So they got up to go, and +the little boys went before; but Christiana forgot +to take her bottle of spirits with her, so she sent +her little boy back to fetch it.</p> + +<p>Then said Mercy, "I think this is a losing place: +here Christian lost his roll, and here Christiana +left her bottle behind her. Sir, what is the cause +of this?"</p> + +<p>So their guide made answer, and said, "The +cause is sleep or forgetfulness: some sleep when<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span> +they should keep awake, and some forget when +they should remember. And this is the very +cause why often at the resting-places some pilgrims, +in some things, come off losers. Pilgrims +should watch, and remember what they have +already received, under their greatest enjoyments; +but, for want of doing so, ofttimes their rejoicing +ends in tears, and their sunshine in a cloud: +witness the story of Christian at this place."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MISTRUST AND TIMOROUS</div> + +<p>When they were come to the place where Mistrust +and Timorous met Christian, to persuade +him to go back for fear of the lions, they perceived +as it were a stage, and before it, towards the road, +a broad plate, with a copy of verses written +thereon, and underneath the reason of the raising +up of that stage in that place rendered. The +verses were these:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Let him that sees this stage take heed</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Unto his heart and tongue;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Lest, if he do not, here he speed</span><br /> +<span class="i1">As some have, long agone."</span> +</div> + +<p>The words underneath the verses were, "This +stage was built to punish such upon, who, through +timorousness or mistrust, shall be afraid to go +farther on pilgrimage. Also on this stage both +Mistrust and Timorous were burned through the +tongue with a hot iron, for endeavoring to hinder +Christian in his journey."</p> + +<p>Then said Mercy, "This is much like to the +saying of the Beloved, 'What shall be given unto<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span> +thee, or what shall be done unto thee, thou false +tongue? Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals +of juniper.'"</p> + +<p>So they went on till they came within sight +of the lions. Now, Mr. Great-heart was a strong +man, so he was not afraid of a lion. But yet, +when they were come up to the place where the +lions were, the boys, that went before, were glad +to cringe behind, for they were afraid of the lions +so they stepped back, and went behind.</p> + +<p>At this their guide smiled, and said, "How now, +my boys! do you love to go before when no danger +doth approach, and love to come behind so soon +as the lions appear?"</p> + +<p>Now, as they went up, Mr. Great-heart drew +his sword, with intent to make a way for the pilgrims +in spite of the lions. Then there appeared +one that, it seems, had taken upon him to back +the lions; and he said to the pilgrims' guide, +"What is the cause of your coming hither?" +Now, the name of that man was Grim, or Bloody-man, +because of his slaying of pilgrims; and he +was of the race of the giants.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Then said the pilgrims' guide, "These +women and children are going on pilgrimage, and +this is the way they must go; and go it they shall, +in spite of thee and the lions."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Grim.</span> This is not their way, neither shall they +go therein. I am come forth to withstand them, +and to that end will back the lions.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">GREAT-HEART OVERCOMES GRIM</div> + +<p>Now, to say truth, by reason of the fierceness<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span> +of the lions, and of the grim carriage of him that +did back them, this way had of late lain much +unoccupied, and was almost all grown over with +grass.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Then said Christiana, "Though the highways +have been unoccupied heretofore, and though +the travellers have been made in times past to +walk through by-paths, it must not be so now I +am risen. 'Now I am risen a mother in Israel.'"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Grim</span>. Then he swore by the lions, "But it +should," and therefore bid them turn aside, for +they should not passage there.</p> + +<p>But Great-heart their guide made first his +approach unto Grim, and laid so heavily at him +with his sword, that he forced him to a retreat.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Grim.</span> Then said he that attempted to back +the lions, "Will you slay me upon mine own +ground?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> It is the King's highway that we are +in, and in His way it is that thou hast placed +thy lions; but these women, and these children, +though weak, shall hold on their way in spite +of thy lions.</p> + +<p>And, with that, he gave him again a downright +blow, and brought him upon his knees. With this +blow he also broke his helmet, and with the next +he cut off an arm. Then did the giant roar so +hideously, that his voice frighted the women, and +yet they were glad to see him lie sprawling upon +the ground. Now, the lions were chained, and +so of themselves could do nothing.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span>Wherefore, when old Grim, that intended to +back them, was dead, Mr. Great-heart said to the +pilgrims, "Come now, and follow me, and no +hurt shall happen to you from the lions." They +therefore went on; but the women trembled as +they passed by them: the boys also looked as +if they would die; but they all got by without +further hurt.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER V.</h2> + +<h3>THE PALACE BEAUTIFUL.</h3> + + +<p>Now, then, they were within sight of the Porter's +lodge, and they soon came up unto +it; but they made the more haste after +this to go thither, because it is dangerous travelling +there in the night. So, when they were +come to the gate, the guide knocked, and the +Porter cried, "Who is there?" But as soon as +the guide had said "It is I," he knew his voice, +and came down, for the guide had oft before +that come thither as a conductor of pilgrims. +When he was come down he opened the gate; +and, seeing the guide stand just before it (for he +saw not the women, for they were behind him), +he said unto him, "How now, Mr. Great-heart! +what is your business here so late to-night?"</p> + +<p>"I have brought," said he, "some pilgrims +hither, where, by my Lord's commandment, they +must lodge. I had been here some time ago, +had I not been opposed by the giant that did use +to back the lions; but I, after a long and tedious +combat with him, have cut him off, and have +brought the pilgrims hither in safety."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Port.</span> Will you not go in, and stay till morning?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> No, I will return to my Lord to-night.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Oh, sir, I know not how to be willing you<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span> +should leave us in our pilgrimage: you have been +so faithful and so loving to us, you have fought +so stoutly for us, you have been so hearty in +counselling of us, that I shall never forget your +favor towards us.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Then said Mercy, "Oh that we might +have thy company to our journey's end! How +can such poor women as we hold out in a way so +full of troubles as this way is, without a friend and +defender?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">James.</span> Then said James, the youngest of the +boys, "Pray, sir, be persuaded to go with us, and +help us, because we are so weak, and the way so +dangerous as it is."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> I am at my Lord's commandment. If +he shall allot me to be your guide quite through, +I will willingly wait upon you. But here you +failed at first; for when he bid me come thus +far with you, then you should have begged me of +him to have gone quite through with you, and he +would have granted your request. However, at +present I must withdraw; and so, good Christiana, +Mercy, and my brave children, adieu.</p> + +<p>Then the Porter, Mr. Watchful, asked Christiana +of her country and of her kindred. And she said, +"I come from the City of Destruction. I am a +widow woman, and my husband is dead: his name +was Christian, the pilgrim."</p> + +<p>"How!" said the Porter, "was he your husband?"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">A JOYFUL RECEPTION</div> + +<p>"Yes," said she, "and these are his children,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span> +and this" (pointing to Mercy) "is one of my +townswomen."</p> + +<p>Then the Porter rang his bell, as at such times +he is wont, and there came to the door one of the +maids, whose name was Humble-mind; and to +her the Porter said, "Go, tell it within that Christiana, +the wife of Christian, and her children, +are come hither on pilgrimage."</p> + +<p>She went in, therefore, and told it. But oh, +what a noise for gladness was there within when the +maid did but drop that word out of her mouth!</p> + +<p>So they came with haste to the Porter, for +Christiana stood still at the door. Then some +of those within said unto her, "Come in, Christiana, +come in, thou wife of that good man; +come in, thou blessed woman; come in, with all +that are with thee."</p> + +<p>So she went in, and they followed her that were +her children and her companions. Now, when +they were gone in, they were had into a very large +room, where they were bidden to sit down. So they +sat down, and the chief of the house were called to +see and welcome the guests. Then they came in +and understanding who they were did salute each +other with a kiss, and said, "Welcome, ye that bear +the grace of God; welcome to us, your friends!"</p> + +<p>Now, because it was somewhat late, and because +the pilgrims were weary with their journey, and +also made faint with the sight of the fight, and of +the terrible lions, therefore they desired, as soon +as might be, to prepare to go to rest. "Nay,"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span> +said those of the family, "refresh yourselves first +with a morsel of meat;" for they had prepared +for them a lamb, with the accustomed sauce +belonging thereto, for the Porter had heard before +of their coming, and had told it to them within. +So, when they had supped, and ended their prayer +with a psalm, they desired they might go to rest.</p> + +<p>"But let us," said Christiana, "if we may be so +bold as to choose, be in that chamber that was +my husband's when he was here."</p> + +<p>So they had them up thither, and they lay all in +a room. When they were at rest, Christiana and +Mercy entered into discourse about things that +were convenient.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Little did I think once, when my husband +went on pilgrimage, that I should ever have +followed.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> And you as little thought of lying in his +bed, and in his chamber to rest, as you do now.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> And much less did I ever think of seeing +his face with comfort, and of worshipping the +Lord the King with him; and yet now I believe I +shall.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Hark! don't you hear a noise?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Yes, it is, as I believe, a noise of music, +for joy that we are here.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Wonderful! Music in the house, music in +the heart, and music also in heaven, for joy that +we are here!</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MERCY'S DREAM</div> + +<p>Thus they talked a while, and then betook +themselves to sleep. So in the morning, when<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span> +they were awake, Christiana said to Mercy, +"What was the matter, that you did laugh in your +sleep to-night? I suppose you were in a dream."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> So I was, and a sweet dream it was; but +are you sure I laughed?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Yes, you laughed heartily; but, prithee, +Mercy, tell me thy dream.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> I was dreaming that I sat all alone in a +solitary place, and was bemoaning of the hardness +of my heart. Now, I had not sat there long, +but methought many were gathered about me +to see me, and to hear what it was that I said. +So they hearkened, and I went on bemoaning +the hardness of my heart. At this, some of them +laughed at me, some called me fool, and some +thrust me about. With that, methought I looked +up, and saw one coming with wings towards +me. So he came directly to me, and said, "Mercy, +what aileth thee?" Now, when he had heard +me make my complaint, he said, "Peace be to +thee;" he also wiped mine eyes with his handkerchief, +and clad me in silver and gold. He +put a chain about my neck, and ear-rings in mine +ears, and a beautiful crown upon my head. Then +he took me by the hand, and said, "Mercy, come +after me." So he went up, and I followed, till +we came to a golden gate. Then he knocked; +and when they within opened, the man went +in, and I followed him up to a throne upon which +One sat; and He said to me, "Welcome, daughter!" +The place looked bright and twinkling,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span> +like the stars, or rather like the sun; and I +thought that I saw your husband there. So I +awoke from my dream. But did I laugh?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Laugh! ay, and well you might, to see +yourself so well. For you must give me leave +to tell you, that I believe it was a good dream; +and that, as you have begun to find the first part +true, so you shall find the second at last. "God +speaks once, yea, twice, yet man perceiveth it +not; in a dream, in a vision of the night, when +deep sleep falleth upon men, in slumberings +upon the bed." We need not, when abed, to lie +awake to talk with God: He can visit us while +we sleep, and cause us then to hear His voice. +Our heart oftentimes wakes when we sleep; and +God can speak to that, either by words, by proverbs, +or by signs and similitudes, as well as if +one was awake.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Well, I am glad of my dream; for I +hope ere long to see it fulfilled, to the making of +me laugh again.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> I think it is now high time to rise, and +to know what we must do.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Pray, if they invite us to stay, a while, +let us willingly accept of the proffer. I am the +willinger to stay a while here, to grow better +acquainted with these maids. Methinks Prudence, +Piety, and Charity have very lovely and +sober countenances.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> We shall see what they will do.</p> + + + +<p>So, when they were up and ready, they came<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span> +down; and they asked one another of their rest, +and if it was comfortable or not.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> "Very good," said Mercy; "it was one +of the best nights' lodging that ever I had in +my life."</p> + +<p>Then said Prudence and Piety, "If you will +be persuaded to stay here a while, you shall have +what the house will afford."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Char.</span> "Ay, and that with a very good will," +said Charity.</p> + +<p>So they consented, and stayed there about +a month, or above, and became very profitable +one to another.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MR. BRISK VISITS MERCY</div> + +<p>Now, by that these pilgrims had been at this +place a week, Mercy had a visitor that pretended +some good-will unto her; and his name was Mr. +Brisk; a man of some breeding, and that pretended +to religion, but a man that stuck very +close to the world. So he came once or twice, or +more, to Mercy, and offered love unto her. Now, +Mercy was a fair countenance, and therefore +the more alluring.</p> + +<p>Her mind also was, to be always busying of +herself in doing; for, when she had nothing to +do for herself, she would be making of hose and +garments for others, and would bestow them +upon them that had need. And Mr. Brisk, not +knowing where or how she disposed of what she +made, seemed to be greatly taken, for that he +found her never idle. "I will warrant her a +good housewife," quoth he to himself.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span>Mercy then told the matter to the maidens +that were of the house, and inquired of them +concerning him; for they did know him better +than she. So they told her that he was a very +busy young man, and one who pretended to serve +the Lord, but was, as they feared, a stranger to +the power of that which is good.</p> + +<p>"Nay, then," said Mercy, "I will look no more +on him; for I purpose never to have a clog to my +soul."</p> + +<p>Prudence then replied that "There needed +no great matter of discouragement to be given +to him; her continuing so as she had begun to do +for the poor would quickly cool his courage."</p> + +<p>So, the next time he comes, he finds her at her +old work, a-making of things for the poor. Then +said he, "What! always at it?"</p> + +<p>"Yes," said she, "either for myself or for others."</p> + +<p>"And what canst thou earn a day?" quoth he.</p> + +<p>"I do these things," said she, "that I may be +rich in good works, laying up in store for myself +a good foundation against the time to come, that +I may lay hold on eternal life."</p> + +<p>"Why, prithee, what doest thou with them?" +said he.</p> + +<p>"Clothe the naked," said she.</p> + +<p>With that, his countenance fell. So he forbore +to come at her again. And when he was asked +the reason why, he said that "Mercy was a pretty +lass, but troubled with too much working for +others."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MERCY REJECTS THE SUITOR</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span>When he had left her, Prudence said, "Did I +not tell thee that Mr. Brisk would soon forsake +thee? yea, he will raise up an ill report of thee; +for, notwithstanding his pretence to serve bad and +his seeming love to Mercy, yet Mercy and he are +of tempers so different, that I believe they will +never come together."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> I might have had husbands afore now, +though I spake not of it to any; but they were +such as did not like my ways, though never did +any of them find fault with my person. So +they and I could not agree.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> Mercy in our days is little set by, +any further than as to its name: the practice, +which is set forth by thy works, there are but +few that can abide.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> "Well," said Mercy, "if nobody will have +me, I will die a maid, or my works shall be to me +as a husband; for I cannot change my nature; +and to have one that lies cross to me in this, +that I purpose never to admit of as long as I live. +I had a sister, named Bountiful, that was married +to one of these selfish people; but he and she +could never agree; but, because my sister was +resolved to do as she had begun, that is, to show +kindness to the poor, therefore her husband first +cried her down in public, and then turned her +out of his doors."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> And yet he was a church-member, I +warrant you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Yes, such a one as he was; and of such<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span> +as he the world is now full; but I am for none of +them at all.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MATTHEW FALLS SICK</div> + +<p>Now Matthew, the eldest son of Christiana, +fell sick, and his sickness was sore upon him for +he was much pained in his bowels; so that he +was with it, at times, pulled as it were both ends +together.</p> + +<p>There dwelt also not far from thence one Mr. +Skill, an ancient and well-approved physician. +So Christiana desired it and they sent for him, +and he came. When he was entered the room, +and had a little observed the boy, he concluded +that he was sick of the gripes. Then he said to +his mother, "What diet has Matthew of late fed +upon?"</p> + +<p>"Diet!" said Christiana, "nothing but that +which is wholesome."</p> + +<p>The physician answered, "This boy has been +tampering with something that lies in his stomach +undigested, and that will not away without means. +And I tell you he must be purged, or else he will +die."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sam.</span> Then said Samuel, "Mother, what was +that which my brother did gather up and eat, +so soon as we were come from the gate that is at +the head of this way? You know that there +was an orchard on the left hand, on the other +side of the wall, and some of the trees hung over +the wall, and my brother did pull down the +branches and did eat."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "True, my child," said Christiana, "he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span> +did take thereof and did eat; naughty boy as +he was, I did chide him, and yet he would eat +thereof."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Skill.</span> I knew he had eaten something that +was not wholesome food; and that food, to wit, +that fruit, is even the most hurtful of all. It is +the fruit of Beelzebub's orchard. I do marvel +that none did warn you of it: many have died +thereof.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Then Christiana began to cry, and she +said, "Oh, naughty boy! and oh, careless mother! +What shall I do for my son?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Skill.</span> Come, do not be too much dejected; the +boy may do well again, but he must purge and +vomit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Pray, sir, try the utmost of your skill +with him, whatever it costs.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Skill.</span> Nay, I hope I shall be reasonable.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">DOCTOR SKILL PRESCRIBES</div> + +<p>So he made him a purge, but it was too weak; +it was said, it was made of the blood of a goat, +the ashes of an heifer, and with some of the juice +of hyssop, etc. When Mr. Skill had seen that +that purge was too weak, he made him one to the +purpose. It was made [the name was written +in Latin] <i>ex carne et sanguine Christi</i>;<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> (you know +physicians give strange medicines to their patients)—and +it was made up into pills, with a promise +or two, and a proportionable quantity of salt. +Now, he was to take them three at a time, fasting, +in half a quarter of a pint of the tears of sorrow.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span>When this potion was prepared and brought +to the boy, he was loth to take it, though torn +with the gripes as if he should be pulled in pieces.</p> + +<p>"Come, come," said the physician, "you must +take it."</p> + +<p>"It goes against my stomach," said the boy.</p> + +<p>"I must have you take it," said his mother.</p> + +<p>"I shall vomit it up again," said the boy.</p> + +<p>"Pray, sir," said Christiana to Mr. Skill, "how +does it taste?"</p> + +<p>"It has no ill taste," said the doctor; and with +that she touched one of the pills with the tip of +her tongue.</p> + +<p>"O Matthew," said she, "this potion is sweeter +than honey. If thou lovest thy mother, if thou +lovest thy brothers, if thou lovest Mercy, if thou +lovest thy life, take it."</p> + +<p>So, with much ado, after a short prayer for the +blessing of God upon it, he took it, and it wrought +kindly with him. It caused him to purge, it +caused him to sleep and rest quietly; it put him +into a fine heat and breathing sweat, and did +quite rid him of his gripes. So, in a little time +he got up, and walked about with a staff, and +would go from room to room, and talk with Prudence, +Piety, and Charity, of his sickness, and +how he was healed.</p> + +<p>So, when the boy was healed, Christiana asked +Mr. Skill, saying, "Sir, what will content you for +your pains and care to and of my child?"</p> + +<p>And he said, "You must pay the Master of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span> +the College of Physicians, according to the rules +made in that case and provided."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> "But, sir," said she, "what is this pill +good for else?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Skill.</span> It is an universal pill: it is good against +all the diseases that pilgrims are troubled with; +and when it is well prepared, it will keep good +time out of mind.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Pray, sir, make me up twelve boxes of +them; for if I can get these, I will never take +other physic.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Skill.</span> These pills are good to prevent diseases, +as well as to cure when one is sick. Yea, I dare +say it, and stand to it, that if a man will but use +this physic as he should, it will make him live +for ever. But, good Christiana, thou must give +these pills no other way than as I have prescribed; +for if you do, they will do no good. So +he gave unto Christiana physic for herself and +her boys, and for Mercy; and bid Matthew take +heed how he ate any more green plums; and +kissed them and went his way.</p> + +<p>It was told you before, that Prudence bid the +boys, if at any time they would, they should ask +her some questions that might be profitable, +and she would say something to them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Then Matthew, who had been sick, +asked her, "Why, for the most part, physic +should be bitter to our palates?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> To show how unwelcome the Word of +God, and the effects thereof, are to a sinful heart.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Why does physic, if it does good, purge +and cause that we vomit?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> To show that the Word, when it works +effectually, cleanseth the heart and mind. For +look, what the one doth to the body, the other +doth to the soul.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> What should we learn by seeing the +flame of our fire go upwards, and by seeing the +beams and sweet influences of the sun strike +downwards?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> By the going up of the fire, we are +taught to ascend to heaven by fervent and hot +desires. And by the sun's sending his heat, +beams, and sweet influences downwards, we are +taught that the Saviour of the world, though high +reaches down with His grace and love to us +below.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Where have the clouds their water?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> Out of the sea.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> What may we learn from that?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud</span>. That ministers should fetch their teaching +from God.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Why do they empty themselves upon +the earth?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> To show that ministers should give +out what they know of God to the world.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Why is the rainbow caused by the sun?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> To show that the promise of God's grace +is made sure to us in Christ.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Why do the springs come from the sea +to us through the earth?</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> To show that the grace of God comes +to us through the body of Christ.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Why do some of the springs rise out of +the tops of high hills?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> To show that the spirit of grace shall +spring up in some that are great and mighty, +as well as in many that are poor and low.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Why doth the fire fasten upon the +candle-wick?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> To show that, unless grace doth kindle +upon the heart, there will be no true light of life +in us.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Why is the wick, and tallow, and all, +spent to maintain the light of the candle?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> To show that body, and soul, and all, +should be at the service of, and spend themselves +to maintain in good condition, that grace of God +that is in us.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Why doth the pelican pierce her own +breast with her bill?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> To nourish her young ones with her +blood, and thereby to show that Christ the Blessed +so loveth His young (His people), as to save them +from death by His blood.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> What may one learn by hearing the +cock to crow?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prud.</span> Learn to remember Peter's sin and +Peter's sorrow. The cock's crowing shows also +that day is coming on: let, then, the crowing +of the cock put thee in mind of that last and +terrible day of judgment.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span>Now, about this time, their month was out; +wherefore they signified to those of the house +that it was convenient for them to be up and +going. Then said Joseph to his mother, "It is +convenient that you forget not to send to the +house of Mr. Interpreter, to pray him to grant +that Mr. Great-heart should be sent unto us, +that he may be our conductor the rest of our way."</p> + +<p>"Good boy," said she, "I had almost forgot." +So she drew up a petition, and prayed Mr. Watchful +the Porter to send it by some fit man to her +good friend Mr. Interpreter, who, when it was +come, and he had seen the contents of the petition, +said to the messenger, "Go, tell them that I will +send him."</p> + +<p>When the family where Christiana was saw that +they had a purpose to go forward, they called +the whole house together, to give thanks to their +King for sending of them such profitable guests +as these. Which done, they said unto Christiana, +"And shall we not show thee something, according, +as our custom is to do to pilgrims, on which thou +mayest meditate when thou art upon the way?"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE PILGRIMS VIEW CURIOSITIES</div> + +<p>So they took Christiana, her children, and +Mercy, into the closet, and showed them one of +the apples that Eve did eat of, and that which +she also did give to her husband, and that for the +eating of which they were both turned out of Paradise, +and asked her what she thought that was.</p> + +<p>Then Christiana said, "It is food or poison, +I know not which."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span>So they opened the matter to her, and she held +up her hands and wondered.</p> + +<p>Then they had her to a place, and showed her +Jacob's ladder. Now, at that time there were +some angels ascending upon it. So Christiana +looked and looked, to see the angels go up, and +so did the rest of the company. Then they were +going into another place, to show them something +else; but James said to his mother, "Pray bid +them stay here a little longer, for this is a curious +sight." So they turned again, and stood feeding +their eyes with this so pleasing a prospect.</p> + +<p>After this they had them into a place where did +hang up a golden anchor. So they bid Christiana +take it down; "For," said they, "you shall have +it with you, for it is of absolute necessity that you +should, that you may lay hold of that within the veil, +and stand steadfast, in case you should meet with +turbulent weather." So they were glad thereof.</p> + +<p>Then they took them, and had them to the +mount upon which Abraham our father had offered +up Isaac his son, and showed them the altar, the +wood, the fire, and the knife; for they remain to +be seen to this very day. When they had seen it, +they held up their hands, and blessed themselves, +and said, "Oh! what a man for love to his Master, +and for denial to himself, was Abraham!"</p> + +<p>After they had showed them all these things, +Prudence took them into the dining-room, where +stood a pair of excellent virginals;<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> so she played<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span> +upon them, and turned what she had showed +them into this excellent song, saying:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Eve's apple we have showèd you—</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Of that be you aware;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">You have seen Jacob's ladder too,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Upon which angels are.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">An anchor you receivèd have:</span><br /> +<span class="i1">But let not these suffice,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Until with Abra'm, you have gave</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Your best a sacrifice."</span> +</div> + + +<div class="sidenote">GREAT-HEART CONDUCTS THEM</div> + +<p>Now, about this time, one knocked at the door. +So the Porter opened, and behold, Mr. Great-heart +was there; but when he was come in, what +joy was there! For it came now fresh again into +their minds, how, but a while ago, he had slain old +Grim Bloody-man, the giant, and had delivered +them from the lions.</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Great-heart to Christiana and to +Mercy, "My lord has sent each of you a bottle of +wine, and also some parched corn, together with a +couple of pomegranates; he has also sent the boys +some figs and raisins, to refresh you in your way."</p> + +<p>Then they addressed themselves to their journey; +and Prudence and Piety went along with +them. When they came at the gate, Christiana +asked the Porter if any one of late went by.</p> + +<p>He said, "No; only one some time since, who +also told me that, of late, there had been a great +robbery committed on the King's highway as you +go. But he saith the thieves are taken, and will +shortly be tried for their lives."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span>Then Christiana and Mercy were afraid; but +Matthew said, "Mother, fear nothing as long as +Mr. Great-heart is to go with us, and to be our +conductor."</p> + +<p>Then said Christiana to the Porter, "Sir, I am +much obliged to you for all the kindnesses that +you have shown me since I came hither, and also +for that you have been so loving and kind to my +children. I know not how to gratify your kindness; +wherefore, pray, as a token of my respects +to you, accept of this small mite."</p> + +<p>So she put a gold angel<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> in his hand; and he +made her a low obeisance, and said, "Let thy garments +be always white, and let thy head want no +ointment. Let Mercy live and not die, and let +not her works be few." And to the boys he said, +"Do you flee youthful passions, and follow after +godliness with them that are grave and wise, +so shall you put gladness into your mother's +heart, and obtain praise of all that are sober-minded."</p> + +<p>So they thanked the Porter, and departed.</p> + +<p>Now I saw in my dream that they went forward +until they were come to the brow of the hill; +where Piety, bethinking herself, cried out, "Alas! +I have forgot what I intended to bestow upon +Christiana and her companions: I will go back +and fetch it." So she ran and fetched it. While +she was gone, Christiana thought she heard, in a +grove a little way off on the right hand, a most<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span> +curious melodious note, with words much like +these:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Through all my life Thy favor is</span><br /> +<span class="i1">So frankly showed to me,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That in Thy house for evermore</span><br /> +<span class="i1">My dwelling-place shall be."</span> +</div> + +<p>And listening still, she thought she heard +another answer it, saying:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"For why? the Lord our God is good;</span><br /> +<span class="i1">His mercy is for ever sure;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">His truth at all times firmly stood,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And shall from age to age endure."</span> +</div> + +<p>So Christiana asked Prudence what it was that +made those curious notes. "They are," said she, +"our country birds: they sing these notes but +seldom, except it be at the spring, when the +flowers appear and the sun shines warm, and then +you may hear them all day long. I often," said +she, "go out to hear them; we also ofttimes keep +them tame in our house. They are very fine +company for us when we are melancholy; also +they make the woods, and groves, and solitary +places, places desirable to be in."</p> + +<p>By this time Piety was come again. So she +said to Christiana, "Look here: I have brought +thee a plan of all those things that thou hast seen +at our house, upon which thou mayest look when +thou findest thyself forgetful, and call those +things again to remembrance for thy teaching +and comfort."</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VI.</h2> + +<h3>THE VALLEY OF HUMILIATION.</h3> + +<p>Now they began to go down the hill into +the Valley of Humiliation. It was a +steep hill, and the way was slippery; but +they were very careful, so they got down pretty +well. When they were down in the valley, Piety +said to Christiana, "This is the place where +Christian, your husband, met with the foul fiend +Apollyon, and where they had that dreadful fight +that they had: I know you cannot but have +heard thereof. But be of good courage: as long +as you have here Mr. Great-heart to be your guide +and conductor, we hope you will fare the +better."</p> + +<p>So when these two had given the pilgrims unto +the care of their guide, he went forward, and they +went after.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Then said Mr. Great-heart, "We need +not to be so afraid of this valley, for here is nothing +to hurt us, unless we procure it to ourselves. It is +true that Christian did here meet with Apollyon, +with whom he had also a sore combat; but that +fray was the fruit of those slips that he got in his +going down the hill; for they that get slips there, +must look for combats here. And hence it is that +this valley has got so hard a name. For the common<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span> +people, when they hear that some frightful +thing has befallen such a one in such a place, are +of an opinion that that place is haunted with some +foul fiend or evil spirit; when, alas! it is for the +fruit of their doing that such things do befall +them there. This Valley of Humiliation is of +itself as fruitful a place as any the crow flies over; +and I am persuaded, if we could hit upon it, we +might find, somewhere hereabouts, something that +might give us an account why Christian was so +hardly beset in this place."</p> + +<p>Then James said to his mother, "Lo, yonder +stands a pillar, and it looks as if something was +written thereon: let us go and see what it is." +So they went, and found there written, "Let +Christian's slips before he came hither, and the +battles that he met with in this place, be a warning +to those that come after."</p> + +<p>"Lo!" said their guide, "did not I tell you that +there was something hereabouts that would give +intimation of the reason why Christian was so +hard beset in this place?" Then turning himself +to Christiana, he said, "No disgrace to Christian, +more than to many others whose hap and loss his +was; for it is easier going up than down this hill; +and that can be said but of few hills in all these +parts of the world. But we will leave the good +man: he is at rest; he also had a brave victory +over his enemy. Let Him that dwelleth above +grant that we fare no worse, when we come to be +tried, than he.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span>"But we will come again to this Valley of +Humiliation. It is the best and most fruitful +piece of ground in all these parts. It is fat +ground, and, as you see, consisteth much in +meadows; and if a man was to come here in the +summer-time, as we do now, if he knew not anything +before thereof, and if he also delighted himself +in the sight of his eyes, he might see that that +would be delightful to him. Behold how green +this valley is, also how beautified with lilies! +I have also known many laboring men that have +got good estates in this valley of Humiliation; for +'God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to +the humble.' Indeed, it is a very fruitful soil, +and doth bring forth by handfuls. Some +also have wished that the next way to their +Father's house were here, that they might be +troubled no more with either hills or mountains +to go over; but the way is the way, and there's +an end."</p> + +<p>Now, as they were going along and talking, they +espied a boy feeding his father's sheep. The boy +was in very mean clothes, but of a very fresh and +well-favored countenance; and as he sat by himself +he sang. "Hark," said Mr. Great-heart, "to +what the shepherd's boy saith." So they +hearkened, and he said:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"He that is down needs fear no fall</span><br /> +<span class="i1">He that is low, no pride;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">He that is humble ever shall</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Have God to be his guide.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span><span class="i0">"I am content with what I have</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Little be it or much:</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And, Lord, contentment still I crave</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Because Thou savest much.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Fulness to such a burden is,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That go on pilgrimage;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Here little, and hereafter bliss,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Is best from age to age."</span> +</div></div> + +<p>Then said their guide, "Do you hear him? I +will dare to say that this boy lives a merrier life, +and wears more of that herb called heart's-ease +in his bosom, than he that is clad in silk and +velvet. But we will proceed in our account of +this valley.</p> + +<p>"In this valley our Lord formerly had His +country house: He loved much to be here. He +loved also to walk these meadows, for He found +the air was pleasant. Besides, here a man shall +be free from the noise and from the hurryings of +this life. All states are full of noise and confusion, +only the Valley of Humiliation is that empty and +solitary place. Here a man shall not be so let +and hindered in his thoughts as in other places he +is apt to be. This is a valley that nobody walks +in but those that love a pilgrim's life. And though +Christian had the hard hap to meet here with +Apollyon, and to enter with him into a brisk +encounter, yet I must tell you that in former times +men have met with angels here, have found pearls +here, and have in this place found the words of life.</p> + +<p>"Did I say, our Lord had here in former days<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span> +His country house, and that He loved here to +walk? I will add, in this place, and to the people +that love to tread these grounds, He has left a +yearly sum of money, to be faithfully paid them +at certain seasons, for their support by the way, +and for their further encouragement to go on +their pilgrimage."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sam.</span> Now, as they went on, Samuel said to +Mr. Great-heart, "Sir, I perceive that in this +valley my father and Apollyon had their battle; +but whereabout was the fight? for I perceive this +valley is large."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">FORGETFUL GREEN</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Your father had that battle with +Apollyon at a place yonder before us, in a narrow +passage just beyond Forgetful Green. And, indeed, +that place is the most dangerous place in all +these parts. For, if at any time the pilgrims meet +with any brunt, it is when they forget what favors +they have received, and how unworthy they are +of them. This is the place also where others have +been hard put to it. But more of the place when +we are come to it; for I persuade myself, that to +this day there remains either some sign of the +battle, or some monument to testify that such a +battle there was fought.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> Then said Mercy, "I think that I am as +well in this valley as I have been anywhere else +in all our journey: the place, methinks, suits with +my spirit. I love to be in such places, where there +is no rattling with coaches nor rumbling with +wheels. Methinks here one may, without much<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span> +trouble, be thinking what he is, whence he came, +what he has done, and to what the King has called +him. Here one may think and break at heart, +and melt in one's spirit, until one's eyes become +like the fish-pools in Heshbon. They that go +rightly through this Valley of Baca, make it a +well; the rain that God sends down from heaven +upon them that are here also filleth the pools. +This valley is that from whence also the King will +give to His their vineyards; and they that go +through it shall sing, as Christian did, for all he +met with Apollyon."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "'Tis true," said their guide; "I have +gone through this valley many a time, and never +was better than when here. I have also been a +conductor to several pilgrims, and they have confessed +the same. 'To this man will I look,' saith +the King, 'even to him that is poor and of a contrite +spirit, and that trembleth at my word.'"</p> + +<p>Now they were come to the place where the +afore-mentioned battle was fought. Then said +the guide to Christiana, her children, and Mercy, +"This is the place; on this ground Christian stood, +and up there came Apollyon against him. And +look—did not I tell you?—here is some of your +husband's blood upon these stones to this day. +Behold, also, how here and there are yet to be seen +upon the place some of the shivers of Apollyon's +broken darts. See also how they did beat the +ground with their feet as they fought, to make +good their places against each other; how also,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span> +with their by-blows, they did split the very stones +in pieces. Verily, Christian did here play the +man, and showed himself as stout as could, had he +been there, even Hercules himself. When Apollyon +was beat, he made his retreat to the next +valley, that is called the Valley of the Shadow of +Death, unto which we shall come soon. Lo, +yonder also stands a monument, on which is +engraven this battle, and Christian's victory, to +his fame throughout all ages."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">VALLEY OF SHADOW OF DEATH</div> + +<p>So, because it stood just on the way-side before +them, they stepped to it, and read the writing, +which word for word was this:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Hard by here was a battle fought,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Most strange, and yet most true;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Christian and Apollyon sought</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Each other to subdue.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"The man so bravely played the man,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">He made the fiend to fly;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Of which a monument I stand,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The same to testify."</span> +</div></div> + +<p>When they had passed by this place, they came +upon the borders of the Shadow of Death. This +valley was longer than the other; a place also +most strangely haunted with evil things, as many +are able to testify; but these women and children +went the better through it, because they had daylight, +and because Mr. Great-heart was their +conductor.</p> + +<p>When they were entered upon this valley, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span> +thought that they heard a groaning, as of dead +men—a very great groaning. They thought also +that they did hear words of moaning spoken, as +of some in extreme torment. These things made +the boys to quake; the women also looked pale +and wan; but their guide bid them be of good +comfort.</p> + +<p>So they went on a little farther, and they +thought that they felt the ground begin to shake +under them, as if some hollow place was there; +they heard also a kind of hissing, as of serpents; +but nothing as yet appeared. Then said the boys, +"Are we not yet at the end of this doleful place?" +But the guide also bid them be of good courage, +and look well to their feet; "lest haply," said he, +"you be taken in some snare."</p> + +<p>Now James began to be sick; but I think the +cause thereof was fear; so his mother gave him +some of that glass of spirits that had been given +her at the Interpreter's house, and three of the +pills that Mr. Skill had prepared; and the boy +began to revive. Thus they went on till they +came to about the middle of the valley; and then +Christiana said, "Methinks I see something yonder +upon the road before us, a thing of such a shape as +I have not seen." Then said Joseph, "Mother, +what is it?" "An ugly thing, child, an ugly +thing," said she. "But, mother, what is it like?" +said he. "'Tis like I cannot tell what," said she, +"and now it is but a little way off." Then said +she, "It is nigh!"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">RESIST THE DEVIL</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span>"Well, well," said Mr. Great-heart, "let them +that are most afraid keep close to me." So the +fiend came on, and the conductor met it; but, +when it was just come to him, it vanished to all +their sights. Then remembered they what had +been said some time ago, "Resist the devil, and +he will flee from you."</p> + +<p>They went therefore on, as being a little refreshed. +But they had not gone far before Mercy, +looking behind her, saw, as she thought, something +most like a lion, and it came a great padding +pace after; and it had a hollow voice of roaring, +and at every roar that it gave it made all the +valley echo, and all their hearts to ache, save the +heart of him that was their guide. So it came up, +and Mr. Great-heart went behind, and put the +pilgrims all before him. The lion also came on +apace, and Mr. Great-heart addressed himself to +give him battle. But, when he saw that it was +determined that resistance should be made, he +also drew back, and came no farther.</p> + +<p>They then went on again, and their conductor +did go before them, till they came to a place where +was cast up a pit the whole breadth of the way; +and before they could be prepared to go over that, +a great mist and darkness fell upon them, so that +they could not see. Then said the pilgrims, +"Alas! what now shall we do?" But their guide +made answer, "Fear not, stand still, and see what +an end will be put to this also." So they stayed +there, because their path was marred. They then<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span> +also thought that they did hear more apparently +the noise and rushing of the enemies; the fire also, +and the smoke of the pit, were much easier to be +discerned. Then said Christiana to Mercy, "Now +I see what my poor husband went through. I +have heard much of this place, but I never was +here before now. Poor man! he went here all +alone in the night; he had night almost quite +through the way; also these fiends were busy +about him, as if they would have torn him in +pieces. Many have spoken of it, but none can +tell what the Valley of the Shadow of Death +should mean, until they come in it themselves. +'The heart knoweth its own bitterness, and a +stranger intermeddleth not with its joy.' To be +here is a fearful thing."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> This is like doing business in great +waters, or like going down into the deep. This is +like being in the heart of the sea, and like going +down to the bottoms of the mountains. Now it +seems as if the earth, with its bars, were about us +for ever. But let them that walk in darkness and +have no light, trust in the name of the Lord, and +stay upon their God. For my part, as I have told +you already, I have gone often through this +valley, and have been much harder put to +it than now I am; and yet, you see, I am +alive. I would not boast, for that I am +not mine own saviour; but I trust we shall +have a good deliverance. Come, let us pray +for light to Him that can lighten our darkness,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span> +and that can rebuke not only these, but all the +Satans in hell.</p> + +<p>So they cried and prayed, and God sent light +and deliverance; for there was now no hindrance +in their way, no, not there where but now they +were stopped with a pit. Yet they were not got +through the valley; so they went on still; and +behold, great stinks and loathsome smells, to the +great annoyance of them. Then said Mercy to +Christiana, "It is not so pleasant being here as at +the gate, or at the Interpreter's, or at the house +where we lay last."</p> + +<p>"Oh, but," said one of the boys, "it is not so +bad to go through here as it is to abide here +always; and, for aught I know, one reason why +we must go this way to the house prepared for us +is, that our home might be made the sweeter to +us."</p> + +<p>"Well said, Samuel," quoth the guide; "thou +hast now spoke like a man."</p> + +<p>"Why, if ever I get out here again," said the +boy, "I think I shall prize light and good way +better than ever I did in all my life."</p> + +<p>Then said the guide, "We shall be out by-and-by."</p> + +<p>So on they went, and Joseph said, "Cannot we +see to the end of this valley as yet?"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">AMONG THE SNARES</div> + +<p>Then said the guide, "Look to your feet, for we +shall presently be among the snares."</p> + +<p>So they looked to their feet, and went on; but +they were troubled much with the snares. Now,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span> +when they were come among the snares, they +espied a man cast into the ditch on the left hand, +with his flesh all rent and torn.</p> + +<p>Then said the guide, "That is one Heedless, +that was going this way; he has lain there a great +while. There was one Take-heed with him when +he was taken and slain, but he escaped their hands. +You cannot imagine how many are killed hereabouts; +and yet men are so foolishly venturous +as to set out lightly on pilgrimage, and to come +without a guide. Poor Christian! it is a wonder +that he here escaped; but he was beloved of his +God, also he had a good heart of his own, or else +he could never have done it."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">GREAT-HEART ENCOUNTERS MAUL</div> + +<p>Now they drew towards the end of the way; +and just where Christian had seen the cave when +he went by, out thence came forth Maul, a giant. +This Maul did use to spoil young pilgrims by deceiving +them; and he called Great-heart by his +name, and said unto him, "How many times have +you been forbidden to do these things?"</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Great-heart, "What things?"</p> + +<p>"What things!" quoth the giant; "you know +what things; but I will put an end to your trade."</p> + +<p>"But pray," said Mr. Great-heart, "before we +fall to it, let us understand wherefore we must +fight."</p> + +<p>Now the women and children stood trembling, +and knew not what to do.</p> + +<p>Quoth the giant, "You rob the country, and +rob it with the worst of thefts."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span>"These are but random words," said Mr. Great-heart; +"tell what robberies I have done, man."</p> + +<p>Then said the giant, "Thou practicest the craft +of a kidnapper: thou gatherest up women and +children, and carriest them into a strange country, +to the weakening of my master's kingdom."</p> + +<p>But now Great-heart replied, "I am a servant +of the God of heaven; my business is to persuade +sinners to turn to God. I am commanded to do +my best to turn men, women, and children from +darkness to light, and from the power of Satan +unto God; and if this be indeed the ground of thy +quarrel, let us fall to it as soon as thou wilt."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE GIANT IS SLAIN</div> + +<p>Then the giant came up, and Mr. Great-heart +went to meet him; and as he went, he drew his +sword, but the giant had a club. So without +more ado they fell to it; and, at the first blow, the +giant struck Mr. Great-heart down upon one of +his knees. With that, the women and children +cried out. So Mr. Great-heart, recovering himself, +laid about him in full lusty manner, and gave the +giant a wound in his arm. Thus he fought for +the space of an hour, to that height of heat, that +the breath came out of the giant's nostrils as the +heat doth out of a boiling cauldron.</p> + +<p>Then they sat down to rest them; but Mr. +Great-heart betook himself to prayer. Also the +women and children did nothing but sigh and cry +all the time that the battle did last.</p> + +<p>When they had rested them, and taken breath, +they both fell to it again; and Mr. Great-heart<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span> +with a blow fetched the giant down to the ground. +"Nay, hold, and let me recover," quoth he. So +Mr. Great-heart fairly let him get up: so to it they +went again; and the giant missed but little of +breaking Mr. Great-heart's skull with his club.</p> + +<p>Mr. Great-heart seeing that, runs to him in the +full heat of his spirit, and pierceth him under the +fifth rib. With that the giant began to faint, +and could hold up his club no longer. Then Mr. +Great-heart seconded his blow, and smote the +head of the giant from his shoulders. Then the +women and the children rejoiced, and Mr. Great-heart +also praised God for the deliverance He had +wrought.</p> + +<p>When this was done, they amongst them erected +a pillar, and fastened the giant's head thereon, +and wrote under it in letters that passengers +might read:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"He that did wear this head, was one</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That pilgrims did misuse;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">He stopped their way, he spared none,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">But did them all abuse;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Until that I, Great-heart, arose,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The pilgrims' guide to be;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Until that I did him oppose</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That was their enemy."</span> +</div> + + + +<p>Now, I saw that they went to the high ground +that was a little way off, cast up to be a prospect +for pilgrims. That was the place from whence +Christiana had the first sight of Faithful his +brother. Wherefore here they sat down and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span> +rested. They also here did eat and drink and make +merry, for that they had gotten deliverance from +this so dangerous an enemy. As they sat thus +and did eat, Christiana asked the guide if he had +caught no hurt in the battle. Then said Mr. +Great-heart, "No, save a little on my flesh; yet that +also shall be so far from being to my harm that it +is at present a proof of my love to my Master and +you, and shall be a means, by grace, to increase +my reward at last."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> But were you not afraid, good sir, when +you saw him come out with his club?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "It is my duty," said he, "to mistrust +my own ability, that I may have trust in Him who +is stronger than all."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> But what did you think when he fetched +you down to the ground at the first blow?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "Why, I thought," replied he, "that so +my Master Himself was served; and yet He it was +that conquered at the last."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> When you all have thought what you +please, I think God has been wonderful good unto +us, both in bringing us out of this valley, and in +delivering us out of the hand of this enemy. For +my part, I see no reason why we should distrust +our God any more, since He has now, and in such +a place as this, given us such proof of His love as +this.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">OLD HONEST</div> + +<p>Then they got up and went forward. Now, a +little before them stood an oak; and under it, when +they came to it, they found an old pilgrim fast<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span> +asleep. They knew that he was a pilgrim by his +clothes, and his staff, and his girdle.</p> + +<p>So the guide, Mr. Great-heart, awaked him; +and the old gentleman, as he lifted up his eyes, +cried out, "What's the matter? what are you, and +what is your business here?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Come, man, be not so hot; here are +none but friends.</p> + +<p>Yet the old man gets up, and stands upon his +guard, and will know of them what they are. +Then said the guide, "My name is Great-heart; +I am the guide of these pilgrims, that are going to +the Celestial Country."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Honest.</span> Then said Mr. Honest, "I cry you +mercy: I feared that you had been of the company +of those that some time ago did rob +Little-Faith of his money; but now I look +better about me I perceive you are honester +people."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Why, what would or could you have +done to have helped yourself, if we indeed had +been of that company?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Done! why, I would have fought as long +as breath had been in me; and, had I so done, I +am sure you could never have given me the worst +on't, for a Christian can never be overcome unless +he shall yield of himself.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "Well said, Father Honest," quoth the +guide; "for by this I know thou art a cock of the +right kind, for thou hast said the truth."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> And by this also I know that thou knowest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span> +what true pilgrimage is; for all others do think +that we are the soonest overcome of any.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CONVERSES WITH HONEST</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Well, now we are so happily met, pray +let me crave your name, and the name of the place +you came from.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> My name I cannot; but I came from the +town of Stupidity; it lieth about four degrees +beyond the City of Destruction.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Oh! are you that countryman? then +I deem I have half a guess of you: your name +is old Honesty, is it not?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> So the old gentleman blushed, and said, +"Not Honesty, but Honest is my name; and I +wish that my nature may agree to what I am called. +But, sir," said the old gentleman, "how could +you guess that I am such a man, since I came +from such a place?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> I had heard of you before by my Master; +for He knows all things that are done on the +earth. But I have often wondered that any +should come from your place, for your town is +worse than is the City of Destruction itself.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Yes, we lie more off from the sun, and so +are more cold and senseless. But were a man in a +mountain of ice, yet if the Sun of Righteousness +should rise upon him, his frozen heart shall feel a +thaw; and thus it hath been with me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> I believe it, Father Honest, I believe +it; for I know the thing is true.</p> + +<p>Then the old gentleman saluted all the pilgrims +with a holy kiss of love, and asked them their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span> +names, and how they had fared since they had set +out on their pilgrimage.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Then said Christiana, "My name I suppose +you have heard of: good Christian was my +husband, and these are his children."</p> + +<p>But can you think how the old gentleman was +taken when she told him who she was? He +skipped, he smiled, he blessed them with a thousand +good wishes, saying:</p> + + + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> I have heard much of your husband, and +of his travels and wars which he underwent in his +days. Be it spoken to your comfort, the name of +your husband rings all over these parts of the +world: his faith, his courage, his enduring, and his +sincerity under all, have made his name famous. +Then he turned him to the boys, and asked of +them their names, which they told him. Then he +said unto them, "Matthew, be thou like Matthew +the publican, not in vice, but in virtue. Samuel," +said he, "be thou like Samuel the prophet, a man +of faith and prayer. Joseph," said he, "be thou +like Joseph in Potiphar's house, pure, and one that +flees from temptation. And James, be thou like +James the Just, and like James the brother of our +Lord." Then they told him of Mercy, and how +she had left her town and her kindred to come +along with Christiana and with her sons. At +that, the old honest man said, "Mercy is thy +name? by Mercy shalt thou be sustained and +carried through all those difficulties that shall +attack thee in thy way, till thou shalt come<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span> +thither where thou shalt look the Fountain of +Mercy in the face with comfort."</p> + +<p>All this while the guide, Mr. Great-heart, was +very well pleased and smiled upon his companion.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THEY DISCUSS MR. FEARING</div> + +<p>Now, as they walked along together, the guide +asked the old gentleman if he did not know one +Mr. Fearing, that came on pilgrimage out of his +parts.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> "Yes, very well," said he. "He was a +man that had the root of the matter in him; but +he was one of the most troublesome pilgrims that +ever I met with in all my days."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> I perceive you knew him, for you have +given a very right character of him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Knew him! I was a great companion of +his; I was with him most an end: when he first +began to think upon what would come upon us +hereafter, I was with him.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> I was his guide from my master's +house to the gates of the Celestial City.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Then you knew him to be a troublesome +one?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> I did so; but I could very well bear it, +for men of my calling are oftentimes entrusted +with the conduct of such as he was.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Well, then, pray let us hear a little of +him, and how he managed himself under your +conduct.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Why, he was always afraid that he +should come short of whither he had a desire to go. +Everything frightened him that he heard anybody<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span> +speak of, if it had but the least appearance of +opposition in it. I hear that he lay roaring at the +Slough of Despond for above a month together; +nor durst he, for all he saw several go over before +him, venture, though they, many of them, offered +to lend him their hand. He would not go back +again neither. The Celestial City, he said, he +should die if he came not to it; and yet was discouraged +at every difficulty, and stumbled at every +straw that anybody cast in his way. Well, after +he had lain at the Slough of Despond a great +while, as I have told you, one sunshine morning, +I don't know how, he ventured, and so got over; +but, when he was over, he would scarce believe it. +He had, I think, a Slough of Despond in his mind, +a slough that he carried everywhere with him, or +else he could never have been as he was. So he +came up to the gate (you know what I mean) that +stands at the head of this way, and here also he +stood a good while before he would venture to +knock. When the gate was opened, he would give +back, and give place to others, and say that he was +not worthy. For, for all he got before some to the +gate, yet many of them went in before him. +There the poor man would stand shaking and +shrinking: I dare say it would have pitied one's +heart to have seen him. Nor would he go back +again. At last, he took the hammer that hanged +on the gate in his hand, and gave a small rap or +two; then One opened to him, but he shrank back +as before. He that opened stepped out after<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span> +him, and said, "Thou trembling one, what wantest +thou?" With that, he fell down to the ground. +He that spoke to him wondered to see him so +faint; so He said to him, "Peace be to thee: up, +for I have set open the door to thee; come in, +for thou are blessed." With that, he got up, and +went in trembling; and when he was in, he was +ashamed to show his face. Well, after he had +been entertained there a while, as you know how +the manner is, he was bid go on his way, and also +told the way he should take. So he came till he +came to our house; but as he behaved himself +at the gate, so he did at my master the Interpreter's +door. He lay thereabout in the cold a +good while before he would venture to call: yet +he would not go back; and the nights were long +and cold then. Nay, he had a note of need in his +bosom to my master, to receive him and grant +him the comfort of his house, and also to allow +him a stout and valiant conductor, because he +was himself so chicken-hearted a man; and yet, +for all that, he was afraid to call at the door. +So he lay up and down thereabouts, till, poor man, +he was almost starved; yea, so great was his +fear, though he had seen several others for knocking +get in, yet he was afraid to venture. At last, +I think I looked out of the window, and perceiving +a man to be up and down about the door, I +went out to him, and asked what he was; but, +poor man, the water stood in his eyes; so I perceived +what he wanted. I went therefore in,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span> +and told it in the house, and we showed the things +to our Lord: so he sent me out again, to entreat +him to come in; but I dare say I had hard work +to do it. At last he came in; and I will say that +for my Lord, he carried it wonderful lovingly to +him. There were but few good bits at the table, +but some of it was laid upon his trencher. Then +he presented the note; and my Lord looked thereon, +and said his desire should be granted. So, +when he had been there a good while, he seemed to +get some heart, and to be a little more comfortable. +For my master, you must know, is one of very +tender heart, specially to them that are afraid; +wherefore he carried it so towards him as might +tend most to his encouragement. Well, when he +had a sight of the things of the place, and was +ready to take his journey to go to the City, my +Lord, as he did to Christian before, gave him a +bottle of spirits, and some comfortable things to +eat. Thus we set forward, and I went before him; +but the man was but of few words, only he would +sigh aloud.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">GREAT-HEART'S REMINISCENCES</div> + +<p>When we were come to the place where the three +fellows were hanged, he said that he doubted that +that would be his end also. Only he seemed glad +when he saw the Cross and the sepulchre. There, +I confess, he desired to stay a little to look; and he +seemed, for a little while after, to be a little cheery. +When we came at the Hill Difficulty, he made no +stick at that, nor did he much fear the lions, for +you must know that his trouble was not about such<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span> +things as those; his fear was about his acceptance +at last.</p> + +<p>I got him in at the House Beautiful, I think, +before he was willing. Also, when he was in, I +brought him acquainted with the damsels that +were of the place; but he was ashamed to make +himself much for company. He desired much to +be alone; yet he always loved good talk, and often +would get behind the screen to hear it. He also +loved much to see ancient things, and to be pondering +them in his mind. He told me, afterwards, +that he loved to be in those two houses from which +he came last; to wit, at the gate, and that of the +Interpreter; but that he durst not be so bold as to +ask.</p> + +<p>When we went also from the House Beautiful, +down the hill into the Valley of Humiliation, he +went down as well as ever I saw a man in my life: +for he cared not how mean he was, so he might +be happy at last. Yea, I think there was a kind of +sympathy betwixt that valley and him; for I +never saw him better in all his pilgrimage than +when he was in that valley.</p> + +<p>Here he would lie down, embrace the ground, +and kiss the very flowers that grew in this valley. +He would now be up every morning by break of +day, tracing and walking to and fro in this valley.</p> + +<p>But when he was come to the entrance of the +Valley of the Shadow of Death, I thought I should +have lost my man: not for that he had any inclination +to go back—that he always abhorred; but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span> +he was ready to die for fear. "Oh, the hobgoblins +will have me! the hobgoblins will have me!" +cried he, and I could not beat him out of it. He +made such a noise and such an outcry here, that, +had they but heard him, it was enough to encourage +them to come and fall upon us.</p> + +<p>But this I took very great notice of, that this +valley was as quiet while we went through it as +ever I knew it before or since. I suppose those +enemies here had now a special check from our +Lord, and a command not to meddle until Mr. +Fearing had passed over it.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">FEARING AT VANITY FAIR</div> + +<p>It would be too tedious to tell you of all, I will +therefore only mention a passage or two more. +When he was come at Vanity Fair, I thought he +would have fought with all the men in the fair. +I feared there we should both have been knocked +on the head, so hot was he against their fooleries. +Upon the Enchanted Ground he was also very +wakeful. But, when he was come at the river +where was no bridge, there again he was in a +heavy case. Now, now, he said, he should be +drowned for ever, and so never see that face with +comfort that he had come so many miles to behold.</p> + +<p>And here also I took notice of what was very +remarkable: the water of that river was lower at +this time than ever I saw it in all my life: so he +went over at last, not much above wetshod. +When he was going up to the gate, I began to +take leave of him, and to wish him a good reception<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span> +above. So he said, "I shall, I shall." Then +parted we asunder, and I saw him no more.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Then it seems he was well at last?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Yes, yes; I never had a doubt about +him. He was a man of choice spirit; only he was +always kept very low, and that made his life so +burthensome to himself and so troublesome to +others. He was, above many, tender of sin: he +was so afraid of doing injuries to others, that he +often would deny himself of that which was lawful +because he would not offend.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> But what should be the reason that such +a good man should be all his days so much in the +dark?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> There are two sorts of reasons for it. +One is, the wise God will have it so; some must +pipe, and some must weep. Now Mr. Fearing +was one that played upon this bass. He and his +fellows sound the sackbut, whose notes are more +doleful than the notes of other music are; though, +indeed, some say the bass is the ground of music. +And, for my part, I care not at all for that profession +which begins, not in heaviness of mind. The +first string that the musician usually touches is the +bass, when he intends to put all in tune. God also +plays upon this string first, when He sets the +soul in tune for Himself. Only here was the +imperfection of Mr. Fearing: he could play upon +no other music but this till toward his latter end.</p> + +<p>I make bold to talk thus in figures, for the ripening +of the wits of young readers, and because, in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span> +the book of the Revelation, the saved are compared +to a company of musicians, that play upon +their trumpets and harps, and sing their songs +before the throne.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> He was a very zealous man, as one may +see by the relation which you have given of him. +Difficulties, lions, or Vanity Fair he feared not +at all; it was only sin, death, and hell that were +to him a terror, because he had some doubts about +his interest in that Celestial Country.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> You say right: those were the things +that were his troublers, and they, as you have +well observed, arose from the weakness of his mind +thereabout, not from weakness of spirit as to the +practical part of a pilgrim's life. I dare believe +that, as the proverb is, he would have bit a firebrand, +had it stood in his way; but the things +with which he was oppressed no man ever yet +could shake off with ease.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> Then said Christiana, "This relation of +Mr. Fearing has done me good. I thought nobody +had been like me; but I see there was some semblance +betwixt this good man and I: only we +differed in two things. His troubles were so great +that they broke out; but mine I kept within. +His also lay so hard upon him, they made him that +he could not knock at the houses provided for +entertainment; but my trouble was always such +as made me knock the louder."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mer.</span> If I might also speak my heart, I must say +that something of him has also dwelt in me; for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span> +I have ever been more afraid of the lake, and the +loss of a place in Paradise, than I have been of the +loss of other things. Oh, thought I, may I have +the happiness to have a habitation there, it is +enough, though I part with all the world to win it!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Matt.</span> Then said Matthew, "Fear was one thing +that made me think that I was far from having +that within me which makes me sure of being +saved. But if it were so with such a good man as +he, why may it not also go well with me?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">James.</span> "No fears, no grace," said James, +"Though there is not always grace where there +is the fear of hell, yet, to be sure, there is no grace +where there is no fear of God."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Well said, James; thou hast hit the +mark. For the fear of God is the beginning of +wisdom; and, to be sure, they that want the +beginning have neither middle nor end. But we +will here conclude our discourse of Mr. Fearing, +after we have sent after him this farewell:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Well, Master Fearing, thou didst fear</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Thy God, and wast afraid</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Of doing anything while here</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That would have thee betrayed.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"And didst thou fear the lake and pit?</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Would others did so too!</span><br /> +<span class="i0">For, as for them that want thy wit,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">They do themselves undo."</span> +</div></div> + +<div class="sidenote">HONEST TELLS OF MR. SELF-WILL</div> + +<p>Now I saw that they still went on in their talk; +for, after Mr. Great-heart had made an end with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span> +Mr. Fearing, Mr. Honest began to tell them of +another, but his name was Mr. Self-will. "He +pretended himself to be a pilgrim," said Mr. +Honest, "but I persuade myself he never came in +at the gate that stands at the head of the way."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Had you ever any talk with him about it?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Yes, more than once or twice; but he +would always be like himself, self-willed. He +neither cared for man, nor argument, nor yet +example; what his mind prompted him to, that +he would do, and nothing else could he be got to do.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Pray, what principles did he hold? +for I suppose you can tell.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> He held that a man might follow the sins +as well as the virtues of pilgrims; and that, if he +did both, he should be certainly saved.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> How! If he had said it is possible for +the best to be guilty of the vices, as well as to +partake of the virtues, of pilgrims, he could not +much have been blamed; for, indeed, we are +free from no sin absolutely, but on condition that +we watch and strive. But this, I perceive, is not +the thing; but, if I understood you right, your +meaning is that he was of opinion that it was +allowable so to be.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Ay, ay, so I mean, and so he believed +and acted.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> But what grounds had he for his so +saying?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Why, he said he had the Scripture for his +warrant.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">HONEST QUOTES SELF-WILL</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Prithee, Mr. Honest, present us with a +few particulars.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> So I will. He said, To have to do with +other men's wives had been practiced by David, +God's beloved; and therefore he could do it. +He said, To have more women than one was a +thing that Solomon practiced; and therefore he +could do it. He said that Sarah lied, and so did +Rahab; and therefore he could do it. He said +that the disciples went at the bidding of their +Master, and took away the owner's ass; and therefore +he could do so too. He said that Jacob got +the inheritance of his father in a way of guile and +cheating; and therefore he could do so too.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Highly base, indeed! And you are +sure he was of this opinion?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> I have heard him plead for it, bring +Scripture for it, bring argument for it, and so on.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> An opinion that is not fit to be with +any allowance in the world!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> You must understand me rightly: he did +not say that <i>any</i> man might do this; but that they +who had the virtues of those that did such things, +might also do the same.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> But what more false than such a conclusion? +For this is as much as to say that, +because good men heretofore have sinned through +weakness or forgetfulness, therefore he had an +allowance to do it of a purpose; or if, because a +child, by the blast of the wind, or for that it +stumbled at a stone, fell down and defiled itself<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span> +in the mire, therefore he might wilfully lie down +and wallow like a boar therein. Who could have +thought that any one could so far have been +blinded by the power of sin. But what is written +must be true: they "stumble at the Word, being +disobedient; whereunto also they were appointed." +His supposing that such may have the godly man's +virtues, who accustom themselves to their vices, is +also a delusion as strong as the other. To eat up +the sin of God's people as a dog licks up filth, is +no sign of one that is possessed with their virtues. +Nor can I believe that one who is of this opinion +can have faith or love in him. But I know you +have made strong objections against him: prithee, +what can he say for himself?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Why, he says, "To do this openly and +by way of opinion, seems abundantly more honest +than to do it and yet hold contrary to it in +opinion."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> A very wicked answer. For, though +to let loose the bridle to lusts while our opinions +are against such things is bad; yet to sin, and +plead a toleration so to do, is worse. The one +stumbles beholders accidentally, the other <i>pleads</i> +them into the snare.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> There are many of this man's mind, that +have not this man's mouth; and that makes +going on pilgrimage of so little esteem as it is.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> You have said the truth, and it is to +be lamented; but he that feareth the King of +Paradise shall come out of them all.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span><span class="smcap">Chr.</span> There are strange opinions in the world. +I know one that said it was time enough to turn +from sin when they come to die.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Such are not overwise. That man +would have been loth, might he have had a week +to run twenty miles in for his life, to have deferred +that journey to the last hour of that +week.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> You say right; and yet the most of them +who count themselves pilgrims do indeed do thus. +I am, as you see, an old man, and have been a +traveller in this road many a day, and I have +taken notice of many things. I have seen some +that have set out as if they would drive all the +world afore them, who yet have, in a few days, +died as they in the wilderness, and so never got +sight of the promised land. I have seen some +that have promised nothing at first, setting out +to be pilgrims, and that one would have thought +could not have lived a day, that have yet proved +very good pilgrims. I have seen some that have +run hastily forward, that again have, after a little +time, run just as fast back again. I have seen +some who have spoken very well of a pilgrim's +life at first, that, after a while, have spoken as +much against it. I have heard some, when they +first set out for Paradise, say positively there is +such a place, who, when they have been almost +there, have come back again, and said there is +none. I have heard some boast what they would +do in case they should be opposed, that have,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span> +even at a false alarm, fled faith, the pilgrim's +way, and all.</p> + +<p>Now, as they were thus in their way, there came +one running to meet them, and said, "Gentlemen, +and you of the weaker sort, if you love life, shift +for yourselves, for the robbers are before you."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "They be the three that set upon Little-Faith +heretofore. Well," said he, "we are ready +for them."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE PILGRIMS PROCEED</div> + +<p>So they went on their way. Now they looked +at every turning when they should have met with +the villains; but whether they heard of Mr. +Great-heart, or whether they had some other +game, they came not up to the pilgrims.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VII.</h2> + +<h3>ENTERTAINED BY GAIUS.</h3> + + +<p>Christiana then wished for an inn for +herself and her children, because they +were weary.</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Honest, "There is one a little +before us, where a very honorable disciple, one +Gaius, dwells." So they all concluded to turn +in thither, and the rather because the old gentleman +gave him so good a report. When they +came to the door, they went in, not knocking, +for folks use not to knock at the door of an inn. +Then they called for the master of the house, +and he came to them; so they asked if they might +lie there that night.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gaius.</span> Yes, gentlemen, if you be true men, for +my house is for none but pilgrims.</p> + +<p>Then were Christiana, Mercy, and the boys +the more glad, for that the Innkeeper was a lover +of pilgrims. So they called for rooms, and he +showed them one for Christiana, and her children, +and Mercy, and another for Mr. Great-heart and +the old gentleman.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "Good Gaius, what hast thou for supper? +for these pilgrims have come far to-day, and +are weary."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gaius.</span> "It is late, so we cannot conveniently<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span> +go out to seek food; but such as we have you +shall be welcome to, if that will content."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> We will be content with what thou +hast in the house; forasmuch as I have proved +thee, thou art never without that which is suitable.</p> + +<p>Then he went down and spake to the cook, +whose name was Taste-that-which-is-good, to +get ready supper for so many pilgrims. This +done, he came up again, saying, "Come, my good +friends, you are welcome to me, and I am glad +that I have a house to entertain you in; and, +while supper is making ready, if you please, let +us entertain one another with some good talking +together."</p> + +<p>So they all said, "Content."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gaius.</span> "Whose wife is this aged matron? and +whose daughter is this young damsel?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> The woman is the wife of one Christian, +a pilgrim of former times; and these are his four +children. The maid is one of her acquaintance, +one that she hath persuaded to come with her on +pilgrimage. The boys take all after their father, +and wish to tread in his steps; yea, if they do but +see any place where the old pilgrim hath lain, or +any print of his foot, it bringeth joy to their hearts, +and they are eager to lie or tread in the same.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">FAMILY OF THE CHRISTIANS</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gaius.</span> "Is this Christian's wife, and are these +Christian's children? I knew your husband's +father; yea, also his father's father. Many have +been good of this stock; their ancestors dwelt first +at Antioch. Christian's ancestors, the early fathers<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span> +from whom he came (I suppose you have heard +your husband talk of them) were very worthy men. +They have, above any that I know, showed themselves +men of great virtue and courage, for the +Lord of pilgrims, His ways, and them that loved +Him. I have heard of many of your husband's +relations that have stood all trials for the sake of +the truth. Stephen, who was one of the first of the +family from whence your husband sprang, was +knocked on the head with stones. James, another +of this generation, was slain with the edge of the +sword. To say nothing of Paul and Peter, men +anciently of the family from whence your husband +came; there was Ignatius, who was cast to the lions; +Romanus, whose flesh was cut by pieces from +his bones; and Polycarp, that played the man +in the fire; there was he that was hanged up in a +basket in the sun for the wasps to eat; and he +whom they put into a sack, and cast him into the +sea to be drowned. It would be utterly impossible +to count up all of that family who have suffered +injuries and death for the love of a pilgrim's life. +Nor can I but be glad to see that thy husband has +left behind him four such boys as these. I hope +they will bear out their father's name, and tread +in their father's steps, and come to their father's +end."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Indeed, sir, they are likely lads; they +seem to choose heartily their father's ways.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gaius.</span> That is it that I said; wherefore Christian's +family is like still to spread abroad upon the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span> +face of the ground, and yet to be numerous upon +the face of the earth. Wherefore let Christiana +look out some damsels for her sons, to whom they +may be married, etc., that the name of their father +and the house of his family may never be forgotten +in the world.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> 'Tis pity this family should fall and die +out of the world.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gaius.</span> Fall it cannot, but be diminished it +may; but let Christiana take my advice, and that +is the way to uphold it. "And Christiana," +said this Innkeeper, "I am glad to see thee and +thy friend Mercy together here, a lovely couple. +And may I advise, take Mercy into a nearer +relation to thee; if she will, let her be given to +Matthew, thy eldest son. It is the way to give +you a family in the earth."</p> + +<p>So this match was arranged, and in process of +time they were married; but more of that hereafter.</p> + +<p>Gaius also proceeded, and said, "I will now +speak on the behalf of women, to take away their +reproach. For as death and the curse came into +the world by a woman, so also did life and health: +'God sent forth His Son, born of a woman.' I +will say again, that when the Saviour was come, +women rejoiced in Him before either man or +angel. I read not that man ever gave unto Christ +so much as one penny; but the women followed +Him, and ministered to Him of their substance. +'Twas a woman that washed His feet with tears,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span> +and a woman that anointed His body to the burial. +They were women that wept when He was going +to the cross, and women that followed Him from +the cross; and that sat over against the sepulchre +when He was buried. They were women that +were first with Him at His resurrection-morn, +and women that brought tidings first to His +disciples that He was risen from the dead. Women, +therefore, are highly favored, and show by +these things that they are sharers with us in the +grace of life."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE SUPPER AT GAIUS'S HOUSE</div> + +<p>Now the cook sent up to signify that supper +was almost ready, and sent one to lay the cloth, +the dishes, and to set the salt and bread in order.</p> + +<p>Then said Matthew, "The sight of this cloth, +and of this forerunner of the supper, awaketh +in me a greater appetite to my food than I had +before."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gaius.</span> So let all teaching truth to thee in this +life awaken in thee a greater desire to sit at the +supper of the great King in His kingdom; for all +preaching, books, and services here, are but as +the laying of the dishes, and as setting of salt +upon the board, when compared with the feast +which our Lord will make for us when we come +to His house.</p> + +<p>So supper came up. And first a heave-shoulder +and a wave-breast were set on the table before +them, to show that they must begin their meal +with prayer and praise to God. The heave-shoulder +David lifted up his heart to God with;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span> +and with the wave-breast, where his heart lay, +he used to lean upon his harp when he played. +These two dishes were very fresh and good, and +they all ate heartily well thereof.</p> + +<p>The next they brought up was a bottle of wine, +red as blood. So Gaius said to them, "Drink +freely: this is the true juice of the vine, that +makes glad the heart of God and man." So they +drank and were merry. The next was a dish +of milk, well crumbed; but Gaius said, "Let +the boys have that, that they may grow thereby."</p> + +<p>Then they brought up in course of dish of butter +and honey. Then said Gaius, "Eat freely of +this, for this is good to cheer up and strengthen +your judgments and understandings. This was +our Lord's dish when He was a child: 'Butter +and honey shall He eat, that He may know to +refuse the evil and choose the good.'"</p> + +<p>Then they brought them up a dish of apples, +and they were very good tasted fruit. Then +said Matthew, "May we eat apples, since they were +such by and with which the serpent deceived +our first mother Eve?"</p> + +<p>Then said Gaius:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Apples were they with which we were beguiled;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Yet sin, not apples, hath our souls defiled.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Apples forbid, if ate, corrupt the blood;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">To eat such, when commanded, does us good.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Drink of His flagons, then, thou Church, His dove,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And eat His apples who are sick of love."</span> +</div> + +<p>Then said Matthew, "I made the objection,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span> +because I, a while since, was sick with eating of +fruit."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gaius.</span> Forbidden fruit will make you sick; +but not what our Lord has allowed.</p> + +<p>While they were thus talking, they were presented +with another dish, and it was a dish of +nuts. Then said some at the table, "Nuts spoil +tender teeth, specially the teeth of children;" +which, when Gaius heared, he said;</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"Hard texts are nuts (I will not call them cheaters),</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Whose shells do keep their kernels from the eaters;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Ope then the shells, and you shall have the meat:</span><br /> +<span class="i0">They here are brought for you to crack and eat."</span> +</div> + +<p>Then were they very merry, and sat at the +table a long time, talking of many things. Then +said the old gentleman, "My good landlord, while +we are cracking your nuts, if you please, do you +open this riddle;</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"A man there was, though some did count him mad,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The more he cast away, the more he had."</span> +</div> + +<p>Then they all gave good heed, wondering what +good Gaius would say: so he sat still awhile, and +then thus replied:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"He that bestows his goods upon the poor</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Shall have as much again, and ten times more."</span> +</div> + +<p>Then said Joseph, "I dare say, sir, I did not +think you could have found it out."</p> + +<p>"Oh!" said Gaius, "I have been trained up in +this way a great while: nothing teaches like experience,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span> +I have learned of my Lord to be kind, +and have found by experience that I have gained +thereby. 'There is that scattereth, and yet increaseth; +and there is that withholdeth more than +is meet, but it tendeth to poverty.' 'There is that +maketh himself rich, yet hath nothing; there is +that maketh himself poor, yet hath great riches.'"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MERCY AND MATTHEW</div> + +<p>Then Samuel whispered to Christiana, his +mother, and said, "Mother, this is a very good +man's house; let us stay here a good while, and +let my brother Matthew be married here to Mercy +before we go any farther." The which Gaius, +the host, overhearing, said, "With a very good +will, my child."</p> + +<p>So they stayed there more than a month, and +Mercy was given to Matthew to wife. While they +stayed here, Mercy, as her custom was, would be +making coats and garments to give to the poor, +by which she brought up a very good report upon +the pilgrims.</p> + +<p>But to return again to our story. After supper, +the lads desired a bed, for that they were weary +with travelling. Then Gaius called to show them +their chamber; but said Mercy, "I will have them +to bed." So she had them to bed, and they slept +well; but the rest sat up all night, for Gaius and +they were such suitable company, that they could +not tell how to part.</p> + +<p>Then, after much talk of their Lord, themselves, +and their journey, old Mr. Honest, he that put +forth the riddle to Gaius, began to nod.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span>Then said Great-heart, "What, sir! you begin to +be drowsy? Come, rub up. Now, here's a riddle +for you."</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Honest, "Let us hear it."</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Great-heart:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"He that will kill, must first be overcome;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Who live abroad would, first must die at home."</span> +</div> + +<p>"Ha!" said Mr. Honest, "it is a hard one; hard +to explain, and harder to do. But come, landlord," +said he, "I will, if you please, leave my +part to you: do you expound it, and I will hear +what you say."</p> + +<p>"No," said Gaius, "it was put to you, and it is +expected you should answer it." Then said the +old gentleman:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"He first by grace must conquered be,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That sin would mortify;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And who that lives would convince me,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Unto himself must die."</span> +</div> + +<p>Thus they sat talking till break of day. Now, +when the family were up, Christiana bade her +son James read a chapter; so he read the fifty-third +of Isaiah.</p> + +<p>"Well," said Gaius, "now you are here, and +since, as I know Mr. Great-heart is good at his +weapons, if you please, after we have refreshed +ourselves we will walk into the fields, to see if +we can do any good. About a mile from hence +there is one Slay-good, a giant, that doth much +annoy the King's highway in these parts; and I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span> +know whereabout his haunt is. He is master +of a number of thieves: 'twould be well if we +could clear these parts of him."</p> + +<p>So they consented and went; Mr. Great-heart +with his sword, helmet, and shield, and the rest +with spears and staves.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">SLAY-GOOD DESTROYED</div> + +<p>When they were come to the place where he +was, they found him with one Feeble-minded +in his hands, whom his servants had brought +unto him, having taken him in the way. Now +the giant was picking his pockets, with a purpose +after that to pick his bones; for he was of the +nature of flesh-eaters.</p> + +<p>Well, so soon as he saw Mr. Great-heart and +his friends at the mouth of his cave with their +weapons, he demanded what they wanted.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> We want thee, for we are come to +revenge the quarrel of the many that thou hast +slain of the pilgrims, when thou has dragged them +out of the King's highway; wherefore come out +of thy cave.</p> + +<p>So he armed himself and came out; and to +battle they went, and fought for above an hour, +and then stood still to take wind.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Slay.</span> Then said the giant, "Why are you +here on my ground?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> To revenge the blood of pilgrims, +as I told thee before.</p> +<div class="sidenote">FEEBLE-MIND RESCUED</div> + +<p>So they went to it again, and the giant made +Mr. Great-heart give back; but he came up +again, and in the greatness of his mind he let fly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span> +with such stoutness at the giant's head and sides, +that he made him let his weapon fall out of his +hand. So he smote him, and slew him, and cut +off his head, and brought it away to the inn. He +also took Feeble-mind, the pilgrim, and brought +him with him to his lodgings. When they +were come home, they showed his head to the +family, and then set it up as they had done others +before, for a terror to those that should attempt +to do as he hereafter.</p> + +<p>Then they asked Mr. Feeble-mind how he fell +into his hands.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Feeble.</span> Then said the poor man, "I am a sickly +man, as you see; and because death did usually +once a day knock at my door, I thought I should +never be well at home: so I betook myself to a +pilgrim's life, and have travelled hither from +the town of Uncertain, where I and my father +were born. I am a man of no strength at all of +body, nor yet of mind, but would, if I could, +though I can but crawl, spend my life in the +pilgrims' way. When I came at the gate that +is at the head of the way, the Lord of that place +did entertain me freely; neither objected He +against my weakly looks, nor against my feeble +mind, but gave me such things as were necessary +for my journey, and bid me hope to the end. +When I came to the house of the Interpreter, I +received much kindness there; and because the +Hill Difficulty was judged too hard for me, I +was carried up that by one of his servants. Indeed,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span> +I have found much relief from pilgrims: +though none were willing to go so softly as I am +forced to do, yet still as they came on they bid +me be of good cheer, and said that it was the will +of their Lord that comfort should be given to +the feeble-minded, and so went on their own pace. +When I was come to Assault Lane, then this giant +met with me, and bid me prepare for an encounter. +But, alas! feeble one that I was, I had more need +of a cordial; so he came up and took me. I +believed not that he should kill me. Also when +he got me into his den, since I went not with +him willingly, I believed I should come out alive +again; for I have heard that not any pilgrim +that is taken captive by violent hands, if he keeps +heart-whole towards his Master, is, by the laws of +Providence, to die by the hands of the enemy. +Robbed I looked to be, and robbed to be sure +I am; but I have, as you see, escaped with life, +for the which I thank my King as author, and +you as the means. Other brunts I also look for; +but this I have resolved on—to wit, to run when +I can, to go when I cannot run, and to creep when +I cannot go. As to the principal thing, I thank +Him that loves me, I am fixed: my way is before +me, my mind is beyond the river that has no +bridge, though I am, as you see, but of a feeble +mind."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Then said old Mr. Honest, "Have not +you some time ago been acquainted with one Mr. +Fearing, a pilgrim?"</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span><span class="smcap">Feeble.</span> Acquainted with him! yes; he came +from the town of Stupidity, which lies four degrees +northward of the City of Destruction, and as +many off of where I was born; yet we were well +acquainted, for indeed he was my uncle, my +father's brother. He and I have been much of a +temper: he was a little shorter than I, but yet +we were much of a complexion.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> I perceive you know him, and I am apt +to believe also that you are related one to another; +for you have his whitely look, a cast +like his with your eye, and your speech is much +alike.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Feeble.</span> Most have said so that have known +us both; and besides, what I have read in him +I have for the most part found in myself.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gaius.</span> "Come, sir," said good Gaius, "be of +good cheer: you are welcome to me and to my +house. What thou hast a mind to, call for freely; +and what thou wouldst have my servants do for +thee, they will do it with a ready mind."</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Feeble-mind, "This is an unexpected +favor, and as the sun shining out of a +very dark cloud. Did Giant Slay-good intend +me this favor when he stopped me, and resolved +to let me go no farther? Did he intend that, +after he had rifled my pockets, I should go to +Gaius, mine host? Yet so it is."</p> + +<p>Now, just as Feeble-mind and Gaius were thus +in talk, there came one running, and called at the +door, and said, that "About a mile and a half off<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span> +there was one Mr. Not-right, a pilgrim, struck +dead upon the place where he was, with a thunderbolt."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Feeble.</span> "Alas!" said Mr. Feeble-mind, "is +he slain? He overtook me some days before I +came so far as hither, and would be my company-keeper. +He also was with me when Slay-good, +the giant, took me; but he was nimble of his heels, +and escaped; but it seems he escaped to die, +and I was taken to live.</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"What, one would think, doth seek to slay outright,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Ofttimes delivers from the saddest plight,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That very Providence, whose face is death,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Doth ofttimes to the lowly life bequeath.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">I was taken, he did escape and flee;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Hands crossed gives death to him, and life to me."</span> +</div> + +<div class="sidenote">PHŒBE AND JAMES</div> + +<p>Now, about this time, Matthew and Mercy were +married; also Gaius gave his daughter Phœbe +to James, Matthew's brother, to wife; after +which time, they yet stayed about ten days at +Gaius's house, spending their time and the seasons +like as pilgrims use to do.</p> + +<p>When they were to depart, Gaius made them a +feast, and they did eat and drink and were merry. +Now, the hour was come that they must be gone, +wherefore Mr. Great-heart called for the bill of +charges. But Gaius told him that at his house it +was not the custom of pilgrims to pay for their +entertainment. He boarded them by the year, +but looked for his pay from the Good Samaritan, +who had promised him, at His return, whatsoever<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span> +charge he was at with them, faithfully to repay +him.</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Great-heart to him,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Beloved, thou doest faithfully, whatsoever +thou doest to the brethren and to strangers, +which have borne witness of thy liberal giving +before the Church; whom if thou yet bring forward +on their journey after a godly sort, thou +shalt do well.</p> + +<p>Then Gaius took his leave of them all, and his +children, and particularly of Mr. Feeble-mind. +He also gave him something to drink by the way.</p> + +<p>Now, Mr. Feeble-mind, when they were going +out of the door, made as if he intended to linger. +The which when Mr. Great-heart espied, he said, +"Come, Mr. Feeble-mind, pray do you go along +with us: I will be your conductor, and you shall +fare as the rest."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Feeble.</span> Alas! I want a suitable companion. +You are all lusty and strong, but I, as you see, +am weak; I choose, therefore, rather to come +behind, lest, by reason of my many weaknesses, +I should be both a burden to myself and to you. +I am, as I said, a man of a weak and feeble mind, +and shall be injured and made weak at that which +others can bear. I shall like no laughing; I +shall like no gay attire; I shall like no unprofitable +questions. Nay, I am so weak a man as +to be harmed with that which others have a +liberty to do. I do not yet know all the truth; +I am a very ignorant Christian man. Sometimes,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span> +if I hear any rejoice in the Lord, it troubles me, +because I cannot do so too. It is with me as it +is with a weak man among the strong, or as with +a sick man among the healthy, or as a lamp despised. +"He that is ready to slip with his feet +is as a lamp despised in the thought of him that +is at ease;" so that I know not what to do.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "But, brother," said Mr. Great-heart, +"I have it in my work to comfort the feeble-minded +and to support the weak. You must +needs go along with us: we will wait for you; we +will lend you our help; we will deny ourselves +of some things, for your sake; we will not enter +into doubtful questions before you! we will be +made all things to you, rather than you shall be +left behind."</p> + +<p>Now, all this while they were at Gaius's door, +and, behold, as they were thus in the heat of +their discourse, Mr. Ready-to-halt came by, +with his crutches in his hands; and he also was +going on pilgrimage.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Feeble.</span> Then said Mr. Feeble-mind to him, +"How camest thou hither? I was but now complaining +that I had not a suitable companion, +but thou art according to my wish. Welcome, +welcome, good Mr. Ready-to-halt; I hope thou +and I may be some help."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ready.</span> "I shall be glad of thy company," +said the other; "and, good Mr. Feeble-mind, +rather than we will part, since we are thus happily +met, I will lend thee one of my crutches."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span><span class="smcap">Feeble.</span> "Nay," said he, "though I thank +thee for thy good-will, I am not inclined to halt +before I am lame. Howbeit, I think, when occasion +is, it may help me against a dog."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ready.</span> If either myself or my crutches can +do thee a pleasure, we are both at thy command, +good Mr. Feeble-mind.</p> + +<p>Thus, therefore, they went on. Mr. Great-heart +and Mr. Honest went before, Christiana +and her children went next, and Mr. Feeble-mind +came behind, and Mr. Ready-to-halt with +his crutches. Then said Mr. Honest,</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Pray, sir, now that we are upon the road, +tell us some profitable things of some that have +gone on pilgrimage before us.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">REVIEWS OTHER PILGRIMAGES</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> With a good will. I suppose you have +heard how Christian of old did meet with Apollyon +in the Valley of Humiliation, and also what +hard work he had to go through the Valley of the +Shadow of Death. Also I think you cannot but +have heard how Faithful was put to it by +Madam Wanton, with Adam the first, with +one Discontent, and Shame; four as deceitful +villains as a man can meet with upon the +road.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Yes, I believe I have heard of all this; +but, indeed, good Faithful was hardest put to it +with Shame: he was an unwearied one.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Ay; for, as the pilgrim well said, he +of all men had the wrong name.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> But pray, sir, where was it that Christian<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span> +and Faithful met Talkative? That same was +also a notable one.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> He was a confident fool; yet many +follow his ways.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> He had liked to have deceived Faithful.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Ay, but Christian put him into a way +quickly to find him out.</p> + +<p>Thus they went on till they came to the place +where Evangelist met with Christian and Faithful, +and foretold them what should befall them at +Vanity Fair. Then said their guide, "Hereabouts +did Christian and Faithful meet with +Evangelist, who foretold them of their troubles +which they should meet with at Vanity Fair."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Say you so? I dare say it was a hard +chapter, then, that he did read unto them!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> It was; but he gave them encouragement +withal. But what do we talk of them? +they were a couple of lion-like men: they had +set their faces like flint. Do not you remember +how undaunted they were when they stood +before the judge?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Well. Faithful bravely suffered.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> So he did, and as brave things came +on't; for Hopeful and some others, as the story +relates it, were converted by his death.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Well, but pray go on, for you are well acquainted +with things.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Above all that Christian met with after +he had passed through Vanity Fair, one By-ends +was the arch one.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> By-ends! what was he?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> A very arch fellow—a downright deceiver; +one that would be religious, which way +soever the world went; but so cunning that he +would be sure never to lose or suffer for it. He +had his mode of religion for every fresh occasion, +and his wife was as good at it as he. And he +would turn and change from opinion to opinion; +yea, and plead for so doing, too. But, as far as +I could learn, he came to an ill end with his by-ends; +nor did I ever hear that any of his children +were ever of any esteem with any that truly +feared God.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THEY ARRIVE AT VANITY FAIR</div> + +<p>Now, by this time they were come within sight +of the town of Vanity, where Vanity Fair is kept. +So, when they saw that they were so near the +town, they consulted with one another how they +should pass through the town; and some said +one thing, and some another. At last Mr. Great-heart +said, "I have, as you may understand, +often been a conductor of pilgrims through this +town. Now, I am acquainted with one Mr. +Mnason, a Cyprusian by nature, an old disciple, +at whose house we may lodge. If you think +good," said he, "we will turn in there."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MNASON ENTERTAINS PILGRIMS</div> + +<p>"Content," said old Honest; "Content," said +Christiana; "Content," said Mr. Feeble-mind; +and so they said all. Now, you must think it +was eventide by that they got to the outside of +the town; but Mr. Great-heart knew the way +to the old man's house. So thither they came,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span> +and he called at the door; and the old man within +knew his tongue so soon as ever he heard it; so +he opened the door, and they all came in. Then +said Mnason, their host, "How far have ye come +to-day?"</p> + +<p>So they said, "From the house of Gaius, our +friend."</p> + +<p>"I promise you," said he, "you have come a +good stitch: you may well be weary. Sit down." +So they sat down.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Then said their guide, "Come, what +cheer, sirs? I dare say you are welcome to my +friend."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mnas.</span> "I also," said Mr. Mnason, "do bid +you welcome; and whatever you want, do but +say, and we will do what we can to get it for you."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Our great want a while since was a resting-place +and good company, and now I hope we have +both.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mnas.</span> For resting-place, you see what it is; +but for good company, that will appear in the +trial.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "Well," said Great-heart, "will you +have the pilgrims up into their lodging?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mnas.</span> "I will," said Mr. Mnason. So he had +them up to their several places, and also showed +them a very fair dining-room, where they might +be, and sup together, until time should come to go +to rest.</p> + +<p>Now, when they were set in their places, and +were a little cheery after their journey, Mr.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span> +Honest asked his landlord if there were any store +of good people in the town.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mnas.</span> We have a few; for, indeed, they are +but a few when compared with them on the other +side.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> But how shall we do to see some of them? +for the sight of good men to them that are going +on pilgrimage is like the appearing of the moon +and stars to them that are sailing upon the seas.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">FRIENDS CALL ON THE PILGRIMS</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mnas.</span> Then Mr. Mnason stamped with his +foot, and his daughter Grace came up. So he +said unto her, "Grace, go you, tell my friends, +Mr. Contrite, Mr. Holy-man, Mr. Love-saint, Mr. +Dare-not-lie, and Mr. Penitent, that I have a +friend or two at my house who have a mind +this evening to see them." So Grace went to +call them, and they came; and, after salutation +made, they sat down together at the table.</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Mnason, their landlord, "My +neighbors, I have, as you see, a company of +strangers come to my house: they are pilgrims; +they come from afar, and are going to Mount Zion. +But who," quoth he, "do you think this is?" +pointing with his finger to Christiana. "It is +Christiana, the wife of Christian, that famous +pilgrim who, with Faithful his brother, was so +shamefully handled in our town."</p> + +<p>At that they stood amazed, saying, "We little +thought to see Christiana when Grace came to +call us; wherefore this is a very comfortable +surprise." They then asked her of her welfare,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span> +and if these young men were her husband's sons. +And when she told them they were, they said, +"The King whom you love and serve, make you +as your father, and bring you where he is in +peace!"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Then Mr. Honest (when they had all +sat down) asked Mr. Contrite and the rest, in +what posture their town was at present.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Contrite.</span> You may be sure we are full of +hurry in fair-time. 'Tis hard keeping our hearts +and spirits in good order when we are in a cumbered +condition. He that lives in such a place as +this, and has to do with such as we have, has +need of a hint to caution him to take heed, every +moment of the day.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> But how are your neighbors for quietness?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Contr.</span> They are much more moderate now +than formerly. You know how Christian and +Faithful were used at our town; but of late, I +say, they have been far more moderate. I think +the blood of Faithful lieth as a load upon them +till now; for since they burned him they have +been ashamed to burn any more. In those days +we were afraid to walk the street; but now we +can show our heads. Then the name of a Christian +was hated; now, specially in some parts +of our town (for you know our town is large), +religion is counted honorable.</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Contrite to them, "Pray, how +fareth it with you in your pilgrimage? how +stands the country towards you?"</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> It happens to us as it happeneth to wayfaring +men: sometimes our way is clean, sometimes +up-hill, sometimes down-hill: we are seldom +at a certainty. The wind is not always on our +back, nor is every one a friend that we meet +with in the way. We have met with some notable +rubs already, and what are yet behind we +know not; but, for the most part we find it true +that has been talked of, of old, "A good man must +suffer trouble."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Contr.</span> You talk of rubs; what rubs have you +met withal?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Nay, ask Mr. Great-heart, our guide; +for he can give the best account of that.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> We have been beset three or four +times already. First, Christiana and her children +were beset by two ruffians, who, they feared, +would take away their lives. We were beset +by Giant Bloody-man, Giant Maul, and Giant +Slay-good. Indeed, we did rather beset the last, +than were beset of him. And thus it was: After +we had been some time at the house of Gaius +mine host, and of the whole Church, we were +minded upon a time to take our weapons with us, +and go and see if we could light upon any of those +that were enemies to pilgrims; for we heard that +there was a notable one thereabouts. Now Gaius +knew his haunt better than I, because he dwelt +thereabout. So we looked, and looked, till at +last we saw the mouth of his cave; then we were +glad and plucked up our spirits. So we approached<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span> +up to his den; and, lo! when we came +there, he had dragged, by mere force, into his +net, this poor man, Mr. Feeble-mind, and was +about to bring him to his end. But, when he +saw us, supposing, as he thought, he had had +another prey, he left the poor man in his house, +and came out. So we fell to it full sore, and he +lustily laid about him; but, in conclusion, he +was brought down to the ground, and his head +cut off, and set up by the wayside, for terror to +such as should after practice such ungodliness. +That I tell you the truth, here is the man himself +to affirm it, who was as a lamb taken out of the +mouth of the lion.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Feeble.</span> Then said Mr. Feeble-mind, "I found +this true, to my cost and comfort: to my cost, +when he threatened to pick my bones every +moment; and to my comfort, when I saw Mr. +Great-heart and his friends with their weapons +approach so near for my deliverance."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Holy.</span> Then said Mr. Holy-man, "There are +two things that they have need to possess who +go on pilgrimage—courage and an unspotted life. +If they have not courage, they can never hold +on their way; and if their lives be loose, they +will make the very name of the pilgrim stink."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Love.</span> Then said Mr. Love-saint, "I hope this +caution is not needful among you. But truly +there are many that go upon the road, who rather +declare themselves strangers to pilgrimage than +strangers and pilgrims in the earth."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span><span class="smcap">Dare.</span> Then said Mr. Dare-not-lie, "'Tis true. +They have neither the pilgrim's weed nor the pilgrim's +courage: they go not uprightly, but all +awry with their feet; one shoe goeth inward, +another outward, and their hosen out behind; +there is here a rag, and there a rent, to the disparagement +of their Lord."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pen.</span> "These things," said Mr. Penitent, "they +ought to be troubled for; nor are the pilgrims like +to have that grace upon them and their pilgrim's +progress as they desire, until the way is cleared of +such spots and blemishes."</p> + +<p>Thus they sat talking and spending the time +until supper was set upon the table, unto which +they went, and refreshed their weary bodies; so +they went to rest.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">GRACE AND SAMUEL</div> + +<p>Now, they stayed in this fair a great while, at +the house of Mnason, who, in process of time, gave +his daughter Grace unto Samuel, Christiana's son, +to wife; and his daughter Martha to Joseph.</p> + +<p>The time, as I said, that they stayed here was +long; for it was not now as in former times. +Wherefore the pilgrims grew acquainted with +many of the good people of the town, and did +them what service they could. Mercy, as she +was wont, labored much for the poor; wherefore +their bodies and backs blessed her, and she was +there an ornament to her profession. And to say +the truth for Grace, Phœbe, and Martha, they +were all of a very good nature, and did much good +in their places. They were also all of them very<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[342]</a></span> +fruitful; so that Christian's name, as was said +before, was like to live in the world.</p> + +<p>While they lay here, there came a monster out +of the woods, and slew many of the people of the +town. It would also carry away their children, +and teach them to suck its whelps. Now, no man +in the town durst so much as face this monster, +but all fled when they heard the noise of his +coming.</p> + +<p>The monster was like unto no one beast on the +earth. Its body was like a dragon, and it had +seven heads and ten horns. It made great havoc +of children, and yet it was governed by a woman. +This monster gave conditions to men, and such +men as loved their lives more than their souls +accepted of those conditions; so they came under.</p> + +<p>Now, this Mr. Great-heart, together with those +that came to visit the pilgrims at Mr. Mnason's +house, entered into a covenant to go and engage +this beast, if perhaps they might deliver the people +of this town from the paws and mouth of this so +devouring a serpent.</p> + +<p>Then did Mr. Great-heart, Mr. Contrite, Mr. +Holy-man, Mr. Dare-not-lie, and Mr. Penitent, +with their weapons, go forth to meet him. Now, +the monster was at first very rampant, and looked +upon these enemies with great disdain; but they +so belabored him, being sturdy men-at-arms, that +they made him make a retreat. So they came +home to Mr. Mnason's house again.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MARTHA AND JOSEPH</div> + +<p>The monster, you must know, had his certain<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span> +seasons to come out in, and to make his attempts +upon the children of the people of the town. Also, +these seasons did these valiant worthies watch him +in, and did still continually assault him; insomuch +that in process of time he became not only +wounded, but lame. Also he has not made that +havoc of the townsmen's children as formerly he +had done; and it is verily believed by some that +this beast will die of his wounds.</p> + +<p>This, therefore, made Mr. Great-heart and his +fellows of great fame in this town; so that many +of the people that wanted their taste of things, +yet had a reverent esteem and respect for them. +Upon this account, therefore, it was that these +pilgrims got not much hurt here. True, there +were some of the baser sort, that could see no +more than a mole, nor understand any more +than a beast; these had no reverence for these +men, and took no notice of their valor or adventures.</p> + +<p>Well, the time grew on that the pilgrims must +go on their way; wherefore they prepared for +their journey. They sent for their friends; they +talked with them; they had some time set apart, +therein to commit each other to the protection of +their Prince. There were again that brought +them of such things as they had, that were fit for +the weak and the strong, for the women and the +men, and so laded them with such things as were +necessary. Then they set forward on their way; +and, their friends accompanying them so far as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span> +was convenient, they again committed each other +to the protection of their King, and parted.</p> + +<p>They, therefore, that were of the pilgrims' company, +went on, and Mr. Great-heart went before +them. Now, the women and children being weakly, +they were forced to go as they could bear; by which +means, Mr. Ready-to-halt and Mr. Feeble-mind +had more to sympathize with their condition.</p> + +<p>When they were gone from the townsmen, and +when their friends had bid them farewell, they +quickly came to the place where Faithful was put +to death. There, therefore, they made a stand, +and thanked Him that had enabled him to bear his +cross so well; and the rather, because they now +found that they had a benefit by such manly +suffering as his was.</p> + +<p>They went on, therefore, after this a good way +farther, talking of Christian and Faithful, and how +Helpful joined himself to Christian after that +Faithful was dead.</p> + +<p>Now they were come up with the Hill Lucre, +where the silver mine was which took Demas off +from his pilgrimage, and into which, as some think, +By-ends fell and perished; wherefore they considered +that. But, when they were come to the +old monument that stood over against the Hill +Lucre, to wit, the pillar of salt, that stood also +within view of Sodom and its stinking lake, they +marvelled, as did Christian before, that men of +that knowledge and ripeness of wit as they were, +should be so blind as to turn aside here.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VIII.</h2> + +<h3>THE DELECTABLE MOUNTAINS AND THE +SHEPHERDS.</h3> + + +<p>I saw now that they went on till they came at +the river that was on this side of the Delectable +Mountains; to the river where the +fine trees grow on both sides, and whose leaves, if +taken inwardly, are good against sickness; where +the meadows are green all the year long, and +where they might lie down safely.</p> + +<p>By this river-side, in the meadow, there were +cotes and folds for sheep, a house built for the +nourishing and bringing up of those lambs, the +babes of those women that go on pilgrimage. +Also there was here One that was entrusted with +them, who could have pity, and that could gather +these lambs with His arm, and carry them in His +bosom, and that could gently lead those that were +with young.</p> + +<p>Now, to the care of this Man Christiana admonished +her four daughters to commit their little +ones, that by these waters they might be housed, +cared for, helped and nourished, and that none of +them might be lacking in time to come. This +Man, if any of them go astray or be lost, He will +bring them again; He will also bind up that which +was broken, and will strengthen them that are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span> +sick. Here they will never want food and drink +and clothing; here they will be kept from thieves +and robbers; for this Man will die before one of +those committed to His trust shall be lost. Besides, +here they shall be sure to have good nurture +and training, and shall be taught to walk in right +paths; and that, you know, is a favor of no small +account. Also here, as you see, are delicate +waters, pleasant meadows, dainty flowers, variety +of trees, and such as bear wholesome fruit—fruit +not like that that Matthew ate of, that fell over +the wall out of Beelzebub's garden; but fruit that +giveth health where there is none, and that continueth +and increaseth it where it is. So they +were content to commit their little ones to Him; +and that which was also an encouragement to +them so to do, was, for that all this was to be at +the charge of the King, and so was as an hospital +for young children and orphans.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">DOUBTING CASTLE</div> + +<p>Now they went on. And, when they were come +to By-path Meadow, to the stile over which Christian +went with his fellow Hopeful, when they were +taken by Giant Despair and put into Doubting +Castle, they sat down, and consulted what was +best to be done; to wit, now they were so strong, +and had got such a man as Mr. Great-heart for +their conductor, whether they had not best make +an attempt upon the giant, demolish his castle, +and if there were any pilgrims in it, to set them at +liberty, before they went any farther. So one +said one thing, and another said the contrary.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span> +One questioned if it were lawful to go upon ground +that was not the King's; another said they might +providing their end was good; but Mr. Great-heart +said, "Though that reason given last cannot +be always true, yet I have a commandment to +resist sin, to overcome evil, to fight the good fight +of faith; and, I pray, with whom should I fight +this good fight, if not with Giant Despair? I will +therefore attempt the taking away of his life and +the demolishing of Doubting Castle." Then said +he, "Who will go with me?" Then said old +Honest, "I will." "And so will we, too," said +Christiana's four sons, Matthew, Samuel, Joseph, +and James; for they were young men and strong. +So they left the women in the road, and with them +Mr. Feeble-mind and Mr. Ready-to-halt, with his +crutches, to be their guard until they came back; +for, in that place, though Giant Despair dwelt so +near, they keeping in the road, "a little child +might lead them."</p> + +<p>So Mr. Great-heart, old Honest, and the four +young men went to go up to Doubting Castle, to +look for Giant Despair. When they came at the +castle gate, they knocked for entrance with an +unusual noise. At that, the old giant comes to +the gate, and Diffidence his wife follows. Then +said he, "Who and what is he that is so hardy as +after this manner to disturb the Giant Despair?"</p> + +<p>Mr. Great-heart replied, "It is I, Great-heart, +one of the King of the Celestial Country's conductors +of pilgrims to their place; and I demand<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a></span> +of thee that thou open thy gates for my entrance; +prepare thyself also to fight, for I am come to take +away thy head, and to demolish Doubting Castle."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">GIANT DESPAIR IS BEHEADED</div> + +<p>Now, Giant Despair, because he was a giant, +thought no man could overcome him; and again +thought he, "Since heretofore I have made a conquest +of angels, shall Great-heart make me afraid?" +So he harnessed himself with his armor, and went +out. He had a cap of steel upon his head, a +breast-plate of fire girded to him, and he came out +in iron shoes, with a great club in his hand. Then +these six men made up to him, and beset him +behind and before; also when Diffidence, the +giantess, came up to help him, old Mr. Honest cut +her down at one blow. Then they fought for +their lives, and Giant Despair was brought down +to the ground, but was very loath to die. He +struggled hard, and had, as they say, as many +lives as a cat; but Great-heart was his death, for +he left him not till he had severed his head from +his shoulders.</p> + +<p>Then they fell to demolishing Doubting Castle, +and that, you know, might with ease be done, +since Giant Despair was dead. They were seven +days in destroying of that; and in it of pilgrims, +they found one Mr. Despondency, almost starved +to death, and one Much-afraid, his daughter: +these two they saved alive. But it would have +made you wonder to have seen the dead bodies +that lay here and there in the castle-yard, and +how full of dead men's bones the dungeon was.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span>When Mr. Great-heart and his companions had +performed this great work they took Mr. Despondency +and his daughter Much-afraid into their care; +for they were honest people, though they were +prisoners in Doubting Castle to that tyrant Giant +Despair.</p> + +<p>They therefore, I say, took with them the head +of the giant (for his body they had buried under a +heap of stones), and down to the road and to their +companions they came, and showed them what +they had done. Now, when Feeble-mind and +Ready-to-halt saw that it was the head of Giant +Despair indeed, they were very jocund and merry. +Now, Christiana, if need was, could play upon the +viol, and her daughter Mercy upon the lute; so, +since they were so merry disposed, she played +them a lesson, and Ready-to-halt would dance. +So he took Despondency's daughter Much-afraid +by the hand, and to dancing they went in the road. +True, he could not dance without one crutch in +his hand; but I promise you he footed it well; +also the girl was to be commended, for she +answered the music handsomely.</p> + +<p>As for Mr. Despondency, the music was not so +much to him; he was for feeding rather than +dancing, for that he was almost starved. So +Christiana gave him some of her bottle of spirits +for present relief, and then prepared him something +to eat; and in a little time the old gentleman +came to himself, and began to be finely revived.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span>Now, I saw in my dream, when all these things +were finished, Mr. Great-heart took the head of +Giant Despair, and set it upon a pole by the highway-side, +right over against the pillar that Christian +erected for a caution to pilgrims that came +after to take heed of entering into his grounds. +Then he writ under it, upon a marble stone, these +verses following:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"This is the head of him whose name only</span><br /> +<span class="i0">In former times did pilgrims terrify;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">His castle's down, and Diffidence his wife</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Brave Mr. Great-heart has bereft of life.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Despondency, his daughter Much-afraid,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Great-heart for them also the man has played.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Who hereof doubts, if he'll but cast his eye</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Up hither, may his scruples satisfy.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">This head also, when doubting cripples dance,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Doth show from fears they have deliverance."</span> +</div> + +<div class="sidenote">THE DELECTABLE MOUNTAINS</div> + +<p>When these men had thus bravely showed +themselves against Doubting Castle, and had slain +Giant Despair, they went forward, and went on +till they came to the Delectable Mountains, where +Christian and Hopeful refreshed themselves with +the varieties of the place. They also acquainted +themselves with the shepherds there, who welcomed +them, as they had done Christian before, +unto the Delectable Mountains.</p> + +<p>Now, the shepherds seeing so great a train +follow Mr. Great-heart (for with him they were +well acquainted), they said unto him, "Good sir, +you have got a goodly company here; pray, +where did you find all these?"</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span>Then Mr. Great-heart replied:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"First, here is Christiana and her train,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Her sons, and her sons' wives, who, like the wain,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Keep by the pole, and do by compass steer</span><br /> +<span class="i0">From sin to grace; else they had not been here.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Next, here's old Honest come on pilgrimage,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Ready-to-halt too, who I dare engage</span><br /> +<span class="i0">True-hearted is, and so is Feeble-mind,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Who willing was not to be left behind.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Despondency, good man, is coming after</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And so also is Much-afraid his daughter.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">May we have entertainment here, or must</span><br /> +<span class="i0">We farther go? Let's know whereon to trust."</span> +</div> + +<div class="sidenote">THE SHEPHERDS ENTERTAIN</div> + +<p>Then said the shepherds, "This is a comfortable +company. You are welcome to us, for we have +care for the feeble, as well as for the strong. Our +Prince has an eye to what is done, to the least of +these; therefore weakness must not be a block to +our entertainment." So they had them to the +palace door, and then said unto them, "Come in, +Mr. Feeble-mind; come in, Mr. Ready-to-halt; +come in, Mr. Despondency and Mrs. Much-afraid, +his daughter. These, Mr. Great-heart," said the +shepherds to the guide, "we call in by name, for +that they are most subject to draw back; but as +for you and the rest that are strong, we leave you +to your wonted liberty."</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Great-heart, "This day I see that +grace doth shine in your faces, and that you are +my Lord's shepherds indeed; for that you +have not pushed these helpless ones neither +with side nor shoulder, but have rather strewed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span> +their way into the palace with flowers, as you +should."</p> + +<p>So the feeble and weak went in, and Mr. Great-heart +and the rest did follow. When they were +also sat down, the shepherds said to those of the +weaker sort, "What is it that you would have? +for," said they, "all things must be managed here +for the supporting of the weak, as well as the +warning of the unruly." So they made them a +feast of things easy of digestion, and that were +pleasant to the palate, and nourishing; the which +when they had received, they went to their rest, +each one separately unto his proper place.</p> + +<p>When morning was come, because the mountains +were nigh and the day clear, and because it +was the custom of the shepherds to show the +pilgrims before their departure some rarities; +therefore, after they were ready and had refreshed +themselves, the shepherds took them out into the +fields, and showed them first what they had +showed to Christian before.</p> + + + +<p>Then they had them to some new places. The +first was to Mount Marvel, where they looked, +and beheld a man at a distance that tumbled the +hills about with words. Then they asked the +shepherds what that should mean. So they told +them that that man was the son of Mr. Great-grace +of whom you read in the first part of the records +of the Pilgrim's Progress; and he is set down there +to teach the pilgrims how to believe, or to tumble +out of their ways what difficulties they should<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span> +meet with, by faith. Then said Mr. Great-heart, +"I know him; he is a man above many."</p> + +<p>Then they had them to another place, called +Mount Innocent; and there they saw a man +clothed all in white, and two men, Prejudice and +Ill-will, continually casting dirt upon them. Now, +behold, the dirt, whatsoever they cast at him, +would in a little time fall off again, and his garment +would look as clear as if no dirt had been +cast thereat. Then said the pilgrims, "What +means this?"</p> + +<p>The shepherds answered, "This man is named +Godly-man, and this garment is to show the +innocency of his life. Now, those that throw dirt +at him are such as hate his well-doing; but, as you +see, the dirt will not stick upon his clothes: so it +shall be with him that liveth truly innocently in +the world. Whoever they be that would make +such men dirty, they labor all in vain; for God, +by that a little time is spent, will cause that their +innocence shall break forth as the light, and their +righteousness as the noon-day."</p> + +<p>Then they took them, and had them to Mount +Charity, where they showed them a man that had +a bundle of cloth lying before him, out of which +he cut coats and garments for the poor that stood +about him; yet his bundle or roll of cloth was +never the less.</p> + +<p>Then said they, "What should this be?"</p> + +<p>"This is," said the shepherds, "to show you that +he who has a heart to give of his labor to the poor,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[354]</a></span> +shall never want wherewithal. He that watereth +shall be watered himself. And the cake that the +widow gave to the prophet did not cause that she +had ever the less in her barrel."</p> + +<p>They had them also to a place where they saw +one Fool, and one Want-wit, washing of an +Ethiopian, with intention to make him white; +but the more they washed him the blacker he was. +Then they asked the shepherds what that should +mean. So they told them, saying, "Thus shall it +be with the vile person: all means used to get +such an one a good name, shall, in the end tend +but to make him more abominable. Thus it was +with the Pharisees, and so shall it be with all pretenders +to religion."</p> + +<p>Then said Mercy, the wife of Matthew, to Christiana +her mother, "Mother, I would, if it might be, +see the hole in the hill, or that commonly called +the By-way to Hell." So her mother brake her +mind to the shepherds. Then they went to the +door: it was in the side of a hill; and they opened +it, and bid Mercy hearken awhile. So she hearkened, +and heard one saying, "Cursed be my father +for holding of my feet back from the way of peace +and life." And another said, "Oh that I had been +torn in pieces before I had, to save my life, lost +my soul!" And another said, "If I were to live +again, how would I deny myself rather than come +to this place!" Then there was as if the very +earth groaned and quaked under the feet of this +young woman for fear; so she looked white, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[355]</a></span> +came trembling away, saying, "Blessed be he and +she that are delivered from this place."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE GREAT GLASS</div> + +<p>Now, when the shepherds had shown them all +these things, then they had them back to the +palace, and entertained them with what the house +would afford. But Mercy longed for something +that she saw there, but was ashamed to ask. Her +mother-in-law then asked her what she ailed, for +she looked as one not well. Then said Mercy, +"There is a looking-glass hangs up in the dining-room, +off of which I cannot take my mind; if, +therefore, I have it not, I think I shall be unhappy." +Then said her mother, "I will mention +thy wants to the shepherds, and they will not +deny it thee." But she said, "I am ashamed that +these men should know that I longed." "Nay, +my daughter," said she, "it is no shame, but a +virtue, to long for such a thing as that." So +Mercy said, "Then, mother, if you please, ask the +shepherds if they are willing to sell it."</p> + +<p>Now, the glass was one of a thousand. It would +present a man, one way, with his own features +exactly; and, turn it but another way, and it +would show one the very face and likeness of the +Prince of pilgrims Himself. Yea, I have talked +with them that can tell, and they have said that +they have seen the very crown of thorns upon His +head, by looking in that glass; they have therein +also seen the holes in His hands, in His feet, and +in His side. Yea, such an excellency is there in +this glass, that it will show Him to one where they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span> +have a mind to see Him, whether living or dead, +whether in earth or in heaven, whether in a state +of lowliness or in His kingliness, whether coming +to suffer or coming to reign.</p> + +<p>Christiana, therefore went to the shepherds +apart—(now, the names of the shepherds were +Knowledge, Experience, Watchful, and Sincere),—and +said unto them, "There is one of my +daughters, that I think doth long for something +that she hath seen in this house, and she thinks +that she shall be unhappy if she should by you +be denied."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Experience.</span> Call her, call her; she shall +assuredly have what we can help her to. So they +called her, and said to her, "Mercy, what is that +thing thou wouldst have?" Then she blushed, +and said, "The great glass that hangs up in the +dining-room." So Sincere ran and fetched it; +and with a joyful consent it was given her. Then +she bowed her head, and gave thanks, and said, +"By this I know that I have obtained favor in +your eyes."</p> + +<p>They also gave to the other young women such +things as they desired, and to their husbands great +praise for that they joined with Great-heart to the +slaying of Giant Despair and the destroying of +Doubting Castle.</p> + +<p>About Christiana's neck the shepherds put a +necklace, and so they did about the necks of her +four daughters; also they put ear-rings in their +ears, and jewels on their foreheads.<a name="See_page_357" id="See_page_357"></a></p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i_374.jpg" width="400" height="621" alt="Turn-away Resisting Evangelist." title="Turn-away Resisting Evangelist." /> +<span class="caption">Turn-away Resisting Evangelist.<br /> + +<small>See page 357</small></span> +</div> + +<div class="sidenote">THEY LEAVE THE SHEPHERDS</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span>When they were minded to go hence, they let +them go in peace, but gave not to them those +certain cautions which before were given to +Christian and his companion. The reason was, +for that these had Great-heart to be their guide, +who was one that was well acquainted with things, +and so could give them their cautions more seasonably; +that is, even then when the danger was nigh +the approaching. What cautions Christian and +his companion had received of the shepherds, they +had also lost by that the time was come that they +had need to put them in practice. Wherefore, +here was the advantage that this company had +over the other.</p> + +<p>From hence they went on singing, and they said:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Behold, how fitly are the stages set,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">For their relief that pilgrims are become,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And how they us receive without one let<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a></span><br /> +<span class="i1">That make the other life our mark and home!</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"What novelties they have, to us they give,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That we, though pilgrims, joyful lives may live;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">They do upon us, too, such things bestow,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That show we pilgrims are, where'er we go."</span><br /> +</div></div> + +<p>When they were gone from the shepherds, they +quickly came to the place where Christian met +with one Turn-away, that dwelt in the town of +Apostasy. Wherefore of him Mr. Great-heart, +their guide, did now put them in mind, saying, +"This is the place where Christian met with one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span> +Turn-away, who carried with him the character +of his rebellion at his back. And this I have to +say concerning this man: he would hearken to no +counsel, but, once falling, persuasion could not +stop him. When he came to the place where the +Cross and the sepulchre were, he did meet with +one that bid him look there; but he gnashed with +his teeth, and stamped, and said he was resolved +to go back to his own town. Before he came to +the gate, he met with Evangelist, who offered to +lay hands on him, to turn him into the way again. +But this Turn-away resisted him; and having +done much harm unto him, he got away over the +wall, and so escaped his hand."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MEET VALIANT FOR TRUTH</div> + +<p>Then they went on; and just at the place where +Little-Faith formerly was robbed, there stood a +man with his sword drawn, and his face all bloody. +Then said Mr. Great-heart, "Who art thou?" +The man made answer, saying, "I am one whose +name is Valiant-for-truth. I am a pilgrim, and +am going to the Celestial City. Now, as I was in +my way, there were three men did beset me, and +propounded unto me these three things: 1. +Whether I would become one of them? 2. Or go +back to the place from whence I came? 3. Or die +upon the place? To the first I answered, I had +been a true man a long season, and therefore it +could not be expected that I should now cast in +my lot with thieves. Then they demanded what +I should say to the second. So I told them that +the place from whence I came, had I not found<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span> +it unsatisfactory I had not forsaken at all; but, +finding it altogether unsuitable to me, and very +unprofitable for me, I forsook it for this way. +Then they asked me what I said to the third. +And I told them my life cost more dear far than +that I should lightly give it away. Besides you +have nothing to do thus to put things to my choice, +wherefore at your peril be it if you meddle. Then +these three, to wit, Wild-head, Inconsiderate, and +Pragmatic, drew their weapons upon me, and I +also drew upon them. So we fell to it, one against +three, for the space of above three hours. They +have left upon me, as you see, some of the marks +of their valor, and have also carried away with +them some of mine. They are but just now gone: +I suppose they might, as the saying is, hear your +horse dash, and so they betook them to flight."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">HOW VALIANT BORE HIMSELF</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> But here was great odds, three against +one.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> 'Tis true; but little or more are +nothing to him that has the truth on his side. +"Though an host should encamp against me," +said one, "my heart shall not fear: though war +should rise against me, in this will I be confident. +Besides," said he, "I have read in some records +that one man has fought an army; and how many +did Samson slay with the jaw-bone of an ass?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Then said the guide, "Why did you not +cry out, that some might have come in for your +succor?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> So I did, to my King, who, I knew,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span> +could hear me, and afford invisible help; and that +was sufficient for me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Then said Great-heart to Mr. Valiant-for-truth, +"Thou hast worthily behaved thyself. +Let me see thy sword." So he showed it him. +When he had taken it in his hand, and looked +thereon a while, he said, "Ha! it is a right Jerusalem +blade."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> It is so. Let a man have one of these +blades, with a hand to wield it and skill to use it, +and he may venture upon an angel with it. He +need not fear its holding, if he can but tell how to +lay on. Its edges will never blunt. It will cut +flesh and bones, and soul and spirit, and all.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> But you fought a great while. I wonder +you were not weary.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> I fought till my sword did cleave to +my hand; and when they were joined together, +as if a sword grew out of my arm, and when the +blood ran through my fingers, then I fought with +most courage.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Thou hast done well; thou hast resisted +unto blood, striving against sin. Thou shalt +abide by us, come in and go out with us, for we are +thy companions.</p> + +<p>Then they took him, washed his wounds, and +gave him of what they had, to refresh him; and +so they went on together.</p> + +<p>Now, as they went on, because Mr. Great-heart +was delighted in him (for he loved one greatly that +he found to be a man of his own sort), and because<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span> +there were in company them that were feeble and +weak, therefore he questioned with him about +many things; as, first, what countryman he was.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> I am of Dark-land; for there I was +born, and there my father and mother are still.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "Dark-land!" said the guide; "doth +not that lie upon the same coast with the City of +Destruction?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Yes, it doth. Now, that which +caused me to come on pilgrimage was this. We +had one Mr. Tell-true come into our parts, and he +told it about what Christian had done, that went +from the City of Destruction; namely, how he +had forsaken his wife and children, and had betaken +himself to a pilgrim's life. It was also +reported, and believed, how he had killed a serpent +that did come out to resist him in his journey; +and how he got through to whither he intended. +It was also told what welcome he had at all his +Lord's lodgings, specially when he came to the +gates of the Celestial City; "For there," said the +man, "he was received with sound of trumpet by +a company of Shining Ones." He told also how +all the bells in the City did ring for joy at his +entering in, and what golden garments he was +clothed with; with many other things that now +I shall forbear to relate. In a word, that man so +told the story of Christian and his travels, that my +heart fell into a burning haste to be gone after +him; nor could father or mother stay me. So I +got from them, and am come thus far on my way.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span><span class="smcap">Great.</span> You came in at the gate, did you not?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Yes, yes; for the same man also told +us, that all would be nothing if we did not begin +to enter this way at the gate.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> "Look you," said the guide to Christiana, +"the pilgrimage of your husband, with +what he has gotten thereby, is spread abroad far +and near."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Why, is this Christian's wife?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Yes, that it is, and these also are his +four sons.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> What! and going on pilgrimage too?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Yes, verily, they are following after.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> It glads me at heart. Good man, +how joyful will he be when he shall see them that +would not go with him, yet to enter after him in +at the gates into the City!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Without doubt it will be a comfort to +him; for, next to the joy of seeing himself there, +it will be a joy to meet there his wife and children.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> But, now you are upon that, pray +let me hear your opinion about it. Some make a +question whether we shall know one another when +we are there.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">VALIANT'S OBSTACLES</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Do they think they shall know themselves, +then? or that they shall rejoice to see +themselves in that happiness? And if they think +they shall know and do this, why not know others, +and rejoice in their welfare also? Again, since +relations are our second self, though that state will +cease there, yet why may it not be wisely concluded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span> +that we shall be more glad to see them +there than to see they are wanting?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Well, I perceive whereabouts you are +as to this. Have you any more things to ask me +about my beginning to come on pilgrimage?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Yes. Were your father and mother +willing that you should become a pilgrim?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Oh, no; they used all means imaginable +to persuade me to stay at home.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Why, what could they say against it?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> They said it was an idle life; and, if +I myself were not inclined to sloth and laziness, +I would never favor a pilgrim's condition.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> And what did they say else?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Why, they told me that it was a +dangerous way: "Yea, the most dangerous way +in the world," said they, "is that which the pilgrims +go."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Did they show you wherein this way is +so dangerous?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Yes; and that in many particulars.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Name some of them.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">VALIANT'S DISCOURAGEMENTS</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> They told me of the Slough of Despond, +where Christian was well-nigh smothered. +They told me that there were archers standing +ready in Beelzebub's castle to shoot them who +should knock at the wicket-gate for entrance. +They told me also of the wood and dark mountains +of the Hill Difficulty; of the lions; and also of the +three giants, Bloody-man, Maul, and Slay-good. +They said moreover that there was a foul fiend<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span> +haunted the Valley of Humiliation, and that +Christian was by him almost bereft of life. "Besides," +said they, "you must go over the Valley +of the Shadow of Death, where the hobgoblins are, +where the light is darkness, where the way is full +of snares, pits, traps, and gins." They told me +also of Giant Despair, of Doubting Castle, and of +the ruin that the pilgrims met with there. Further, +they said I must go over the Enchanted +Ground, which was dangerous; and that, after all +this, I should find a river, over which I should find +no bridge, and that that river did lie betwixt me +and the Celestial Country.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> And was this all?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> No. They also told me that this +way was full of deceivers, and of persons that laid +wait there to turn good men out of the path.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> But how did they make that out?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> They told me that Mr. Worldly Wiseman +did there lie in wait to deceive. They also +said that there were Formality and Hypocrisy +continually on the road. They said also that By-ends, +Talkative, or Demas would go near to gather +me up; that the Flatterer would catch me in his +net; or that, with green-headed Ignorance, I +would presume to go on to the gate, from whence +he was sent back to the hole that was in the side of +the hill, and made to go the by-way to hell.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> I promise you, this was enough to discourage +you; but did they make an end here?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> No stay. They told me also of many<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[365]</a></span> +that had tried that way of old, and that had gone a +great way therein, to see if they could find something +of the glory there that so many had so much +talked of from time to time; and how they came +back again, and befooled themselves for setting +a foot out of doors in that path, to the satisfaction +of all the country. And they named several that +did so, as Obstinate and Pliable, Mistrust and +Timorous, Turn-away and old Atheist; with several +more, who, they said, had some of them gone +far to see what they could find, but not one of +them found so much advantage by going as +amounted to the weight of a feather.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Said they anything more to discourage +you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Yes; they told me of one Mr. Fearing, +who was a pilgrim, and how he found this way +so solitary, that he never had a comfortable hour +therein; also that Mr. Despondency had like to +have been starved therein; yea, and also (which +I had almost forgot) that Christian himself, about +whom there had been such a noise, after all his +ventures for a celestial crown, was certainly +drowned in the Black River, and never went a foot +farther, however it was smothered up.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> And did none of these things discourage +you?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> No; they seemed but as so many +nothings to me.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> How came that about?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Why, I still believed what Mr. Tell-true<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[366]</a></span> +had said; and that carried me beyond them +all.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Then this was your victory, even your +faith.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> It was so. I believed, and therefore +came out, got into the way, fought all that set +themselves against me, and, by believing, am +come to this place.</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Who would true valor see,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Let him come hither;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">One here will constant be,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Come wind, come weather;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">There's no discouragement</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Shall make him once relent</span><br /> +<span class="i0">His first avowed intent</span><br /> +<span class="i6">To be a pilgrim.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Whoso beset him round</span><br /> +<span class="i1">With dismal stories,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Do but themselves confound—</span><br /> +<span class="i1">His strength the more is.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">No lion can him fright;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">He'll with a giant fight,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But he will have a right</span><br /> +<span class="i6">To be a pilgrim.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Hobgoblin nor foul fiend</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Can daunt his spirit;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">He knows he at the end</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Shall life inherit.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Then, fancies fly away,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">He'll fear not what men say;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">He'll labor night and day</span><br /> +<span class="i6">To be a pilgrim."</span> +</div></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IX.</h2> + +<h3>THE ENCHANTED GROUND.</h3> + + +<p>By this time they were got to the Enchanted +Ground, where the air naturally tended to +make one drowsy. And that place was +all grown over with briers and thorns, excepting +here and there, where was an enchanted arbor, +upon which if a man sits, or in which if a man +sleeps, it is a question, say some, whether ever he +shall rise or wake again in this world. Over this +forest, therefore, they went, both one and another; +and Mr. Great-heart went before, for that he was +the guide, and Mr. Valiant-for-truth came behind, +being rear-guard, for fear lest peradventure some +fiend, or dragon, or giant, or thief, should fall upon +their rear, and so do mischief. They went on here, +each man with his sword drawn in his hand, for +they knew it was a dangerous place. Also they +cheered up one another as well as they could. +Feeble-mind, Mr. Great-heart commanded, should +come up after him; and Mr. Despondency was +under the eye of Mr. Valiant.</p> + +<p>Now, they had not gone far, but a great mist +and darkness fell upon them all, so that they +could scarce, for a great while, see the one the +other; wherefore they were forced, for some time, +to feel for one another by words; for they walked<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[368]</a></span> +not by sight. But any one must think that here +was but sorry going for the best of them all; but +how much worse for the women and children, who +both of feet and heart were but tender! Yet so +it was, that through the encouraging words of +him that led in the front, they made a pretty good +shift to wag along.</p> + +<p>The way also was here very wearisome through +dirt and slabbiness. Nor was there on all this +ground so much as one inn or victualling-house, +therein to refresh the feebler sort. Here, therefore, +was grunting, and puffing and sighing. +While one tumbleth over a brush, another sticks +fast in the dirt; and the children, some of them, +lost their shoes in the mire. While one cries out, +"I am down!" and another, "Ho! where are you?" +and a third, "The bushes have got such fast hold +on me, I think I cannot get away from them."</p> + +<p>Then they came at an arbor, warm, and promising +much refreshing to the pilgrims; for it was +finely wrought above head, beautified with greens, +furnished with benches and settles. It also had +in it a soft couch, whereon the weary might lean. +This, you must think, all things considered, was +tempting; for the pilgrims already began to be +foiled with the badness of the way; but there was +not one of them that made so much as a motion to +stop there. Yea, for aught I could perceive, they +continually gave so good heed to the advice of +their guide, and he did so faithfully tell them of +dangers, and of the nature of dangers when they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></span> +were at them, that usually, when they were +nearest to them, they did most pluck up their +spirits, and hearten one another to deny the flesh. +This arbor was called "The Slothful's Friend," on +purpose to allure, if it might be, some of the pilgrims +there to take up their rest when weary.</p> + +<p>I saw then in my dream, that they went on in +this their solitary ground, till they came to a place +at which a man is apt to lose his way. Now, +though when it was light their guide could well +enough tell how to miss those ways that led wrong, +yet, in the dark, he was put to a stand. But he +had in his pocket a map of all ways leading to or +from the Celestial City; wherefore he struck a +light (for he also never goes without his tinder-box), +and takes a view of his book or map, which +bids him be careful in that place to turn to the +right-hand way. And had he not here been careful +to look in his map, they had, in all probability +been smothered in the mud; for, just a little before +them, and that at the end of the cleanest way too, +was a pit, none knows how deep, full of nothing +but mud, there made on purpose to destroy the +pilgrims in.</p> + +<p>Then thought I with myself, "Who that goeth +on pilgrimage but would have one of those maps +about him, that he may look, when he is at a +stand, which is the way he must take?"</p> + +<p>They went on then in this Enchanted Ground +till they came to where was another arbor, and it +was built by the highway-side. And in that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a></span> +arbor there lay two men, whose names were Heedless +and Too-bold. These two went thus far on +pilgrimage; but here, being wearied with their +journey, they sat down to rest themselves, and so +fell fast asleep. When the pilgrims saw them, +they stood still, and shook their heads; for they +knew that the sleepers were in a pitiful case. +Then they consulted what to do,—whether to go +on, and leave them in their sleep, or to step to +them, and try to awake them. So they concluded +to go to them and wake them; that is, if they +could; but with this caution, namely, to take +heed that themselves did not sit down nor embrace +the offered benefit of that arbor.</p> + +<p>So they went in and spake to the men, and +called each one by his name (for the guide, it +seems, did know them); but there was no voice +or answer. Then the guide did shake them, and +do what he could to disturb them. Then said one +of them, "I will pay you when I take my money." +At which the guide shook his head. "I will fight +so long as I can hold my sword in my hand," said +the other. At that, one of the children laughed.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE LAND OF BEULAH</div> + +<p>Then said Christiana, "What is the meaning of +this?" The guide said, "They talk in their sleep. +If you strike them, beat them, or whatever else +you do to them, they will answer you after this +fashion; or, as one of them said in old time, when +the waves of the sea did beat upon him, and he +slept as one upon the mast of a ship, 'When shall +I awake? I will seek it yet again.' You know,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a></span> +when men talk in their sleep, they say anything, +but their words are not governed either by faith or +reason. There is an unsuitableness in their words +now, as there was before betwixt their going on +pilgrimage and sitting down there. This, then, is +the mischief of it: when heedless ones go on pilgrimage, +'tis twenty to one but they are served +thus. For this Enchanted Ground is one of the +last refuges that the enemy to pilgrims has; wherefore, +it is, as you see, placed almost at the end of +the way, and so it standeth against us with the +more advantage. For when, thinks the enemy, +will these fools be so desirous to sit down as when +they are weary? and when so like to be weary as +when almost at their journey's end? Therefore +it is, I say, that the Enchanted Ground is placed +so near to the Land of Beulah, and so near the +end of their race. Wherefore, let pilgrims look +to themselves, lest it happen to them as it has +done to these, that, as you see, are fallen asleep, +and none can wake them."</p> + +<p>Then the pilgrims desired, with trembling, to +go forward; only they prayed their guide to strike +a light, that they might go the rest of their way +by the help of the light of a lantern. So he struck +a light, and they went by the help of that through +the rest of this way, though the darkness was very +great. But the children began to be sorely weary; +and they cried out to Him that loveth pilgrims to +make their way more comfortable. So, by that +they had gone a little farther, a wind arose that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></span> +drove away the fog; so the air became more clear. +Yet they were not off, by much, of the Enchanted +Ground; only now they could see one another +better, and the way wherein they should walk.</p> + +<p>Now, when they were almost at the end of this +ground, they perceived that a little before them +was a solemn noise, as of one that was much concerned. +So they went on, and looked before +them; and behold, they saw, as they thought, a +man upon his knees, with hands and eyes lift up, +and speaking, as they thought, earnestly to One +that was above. They drew nigh, but could not +tell what he said; so they went softly till he had +done. When he had done, he got up, and began +to run towards the Celestial City.</p> + +<p>Then Mr. Great-heart called after him, saying, +"So-ho, friend! let us have your company, if you +go, as I suppose you do, to the Celestial City."</p> + +<p>So the man stopped, and they came up to him. +But, as soon as Mr. Honest saw him, he said, "I +know this man."</p> + +<p>Then said Mr. Valiant-for-truth, "Prithee, who +is it?"</p> + +<p>"It is one," said he, "that comes from whereabout +I dwelt. His name is Stand-fast; he is +certainly a right good pilgrim."</p> + +<p>So they came up one to another. And presently +Stand-fast said to old Honest, "Ho, father Honest, +are you there?"</p> + +<p>"Ay," said he, "that I am, as sure as you are +there."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">HEEDLESS AND TOO-BOLD</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></span>"Right glad am I," said Mr. Stand-fast, "that I +have found you on this road."</p> + +<p>"And as glad am I," said the other, "that I +espied you upon your knees."</p> + +<p>Then Mr. Stand-fast blushed, and said, "But +why? did you see me?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, that I did," quoth the other, "and with +my heart was glad at the sight."</p> + +<p>"Why, what did you think?" said Stand-fast.</p> + +<p>"Think!" said old Honest; "what should I +think? I thought we had an honest man upon +the road, and therefore should have his company +by-and-by."</p> + +<p>"If you thought not amiss," said Stand-fast, +"how happy am I! But, if I be not as I should, +I alone must bear it."</p> + +<p>"That is true," said the other; "but your fear +doth further show me that things are right betwixt +the Prince of pilgrims and your soul; for He saith, +'Blessed is the man that feareth always.'"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Valiant.</span> Well, but, brother, I pray thee, tell +us what was it that was the cause of thy being +upon thy knees even now: was it for that some +special mercy laid upon thee, the need of prayer, +or how?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stand.</span> Why, we are, as you see, upon the +Enchanted Ground; and as I was coming along, +I was musing with myself of what a dangerous +road the road in this place was, and how many that +had come even thus far on pilgrimage, had here +been stopped and been destroyed. I thought also<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a></span> +of the manner of the death with which this place +destroyeth men. Those that die here die of no +violent, painful disease: the death which such die +is not grievous to them. For he that goeth away +in such a sleep, begins that journey with desire +and pleasure. Yea, such sink into the will of that +disease.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Then Mr. Honest, interrupting of him, +said, "Did you see the two men asleep in the +arbor?"</p> + +<div class="sidenote">STAND-FAST REPULSES MADAM</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stand.</span> Ay, ay, I saw Heedless and Too-bold +there; and, for aught I know, there they will lie +till they rot. But let me go on in my tale. As I +was thus musing, as I said, there was one in very +pleasant attire, but old, who presented herself to +me, and offered me three things; to wit, her body, +her purse, and her bed. Now, the truth is, I was +both aweary and sleepy; I am also as poor as an +owlet, and that, perhaps, the witch knew. Well, +I repulsed her once or twice; but she put by my +repulses, and smiled. Then I began to be angry; +but she mattered that nothing at all. Then she +made offers again, and said, if I would be ruled by +her, she would make me great and happy. "For," +said she, "I am the mistress of the world, and men +are made happy by me." Then I asked her name, +and she told me it was Madam Bubble. This set +me farther from her; but she still followed me +with enticements. Then I betook me, as you +saw, to my knees; and, with hands lift up, and +cries, I prayed to Him that had said He would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a></span> +help. So, just as you came up, the gentlewoman +went her way. Then I continued to give thanks +for this my great deliverance; for I verily believe +she intended no good, but rather sought to make +stop of me in my journey.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Without doubt her designs were bad. +But stay: now you talk of her, methinks I either +have seen her, or have read some story of her.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stand.</span> Perhaps you have done both.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Madam Bubble? Is she not a tall, +comely dame, somewhat of a swarthy complexion?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stand.</span> Right, you hit it: she is just such a +one.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Does she not speak very smoothly, and +give you a smile at the end of a sentence?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stand.</span> You fall right upon it again, for these +are her very actions.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Doth she not wear a great purse by her +side, and is not her hand often in it, fingering her +money, as if that was her heart's delight?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stand.</span> 'Tis just so. Had she stood by all this +while, you could not more amply have set her +forth before me, nor have better described her +features.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> Then he that drew her picture was a +good artist, and he that wrote of her said true.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">MADAM BUBBLE'S INFLUENCE</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> This woman is a witch, and it is by +virtue of her witchcraft that this ground is enchanted. +Whoever doth lay his head down in her +lap, had as good lay it down upon that block over +which the axe doth hang; and whoever lay their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span> +eyes upon her beauty, are accounted the enemies +of God. This is she that maintaineth in their +splendor all those that are the enemies of pilgrims. +Yea, this is she that hath bought off many a man +from a pilgrim's life. She is a great gossiper: she +is always, both she and her daughters, at one pilgrim's +heels or other; now commanding, and then +preferring the excellences of this life. She is a +bold and impudent creature; she will talk with +any man. She always laugheth poor pilgrims to +scorn, but highly commends the rich. If there be +one cunning to get money in a place, she will +speak well of him from house to house. She +loveth banqueting and feasting mainly well; she +is always at one full table or another. She has +given it out in some places that she is a goddess, +and therefore some do worship her. She has her +times and open places of cheating; and she will +say and avow it, that none can show a good comparable +to hers. She promiseth to dwell with +children's children, if they will but love her and +make much of her. She will cast out of her purse +gold like dust, in some places and to some persons. +She loves to be sought after, spoken well of, and +to lie in the bosoms of men. She is never weary +of praising her gifts and she loves them most that +think best of her. She will promise, to some, +crowns and kingdoms, if they will but take her +advice; yet many hath she brought to the halter, +and ten thousand times more to hell.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stand.</span> "Oh," said Mr. Stand-fast, "what a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a></span> +mercy it is that I did resist her! for whither might +she have drawn me?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Great.</span> Whither! nay, none but God knows +whither; but in general, to be sure, she would have +drawn thee into many foolish and hurtful lusts, +which drown men in destruction and ruin. 'Twas +she that set Absalom against his father, and Jeroboam +against his master. 'Twas she that persuaded +Judas to sell his Lord, and that prevailed +with Demas to forsake the godly pilgrim's life. +None can tell of the mischief that she doth. She +makes variance betwixt rulers and subjects, +betwixt parents and children, betwixt neighbor +and neighbor, betwixt a man and his wife, betwixt +a man and himself, betwixt the flesh and the heart. +Wherefore, good Master Stand-fast, be as your +name is, and when you have done all, stand.</p> + +<p>At this course there was among the pilgrims +a mixture of joy and trembling; but at length they +brake out, and sang:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"What danger is the pilgrim in!</span><br /> +<span class="i1">How many are his foes!</span><br /> +<span class="i0">How many ways there are to sin</span><br /> +<span class="i1">No living mortal knows.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Some of the ditch shy are, yet can</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Lie tumbling in the mire;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Some, though they shun the frying-pan,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Do leap into the fire."</span> +</div></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER X.</h2> + +<h3>THE PILGRIMS AT HOME.</h3> + + +<p>After this, I beheld until they were come +unto the Land of Beulah, where the sun +shineth night and day. Here, because +they were weary, they betook themselves +awhile to rest. And because this country +was common for pilgrims, and because the +orchards and vineyards that were here belong +to the King of the Celestial Country, therefore they +were permitted to make bold with any of His +things. But a little while soon refreshed them +here; for the bells did so ring, and the trumpets +continually sound so melodiously, that they could +not sleep and yet they received as much refreshing +as if they had slept their sleep never so soundly. +Here also the noise of them that walked in the +streets was, "More pilgrims are come to town!" +And another would answer, saying, "And so many +went over the water, and were let in at the golden +gates, to-day!" They would cry again, "There is +now a legion of Shining Ones just come to town, by +which we know that there are more pilgrims upon +the road; for here they come to wait for them, +and comfort them after all their sorrow!" Then +the pilgrims got up, and walked to and fro. But +how were their ears now filled with heavenly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></span> +voices, and their eyes delighted with celestial +visions! In this land they heard nothing, saw +nothing, felt nothing, smelt nothing, tasted nothing, +that was offensive to their stomach or mind; +only when they tasted of the water of the river +over which they were to go, they thought that it +tasted a little bitterish to the palate, but it proved +sweeter when it was down.</p> + +<p>In this place there was a record kept of the +names of them that had been pilgrims of old, and +a history of all the famous acts that they had done. +It was here also much spoken of, how the river to +some had had its flowings, and what ebbings it +had had while others have gone over. It has been +in a manner dry for some, while it has overflowed +its banks for others.</p> + +<p>In this place, the children of the town would go +into the King's gardens, and gather nosegays for +the pilgrims, and bring them to them with much +affection. Here also grew camphire, with spikenard, +and saffron, calamus, and cinnamon, with +all the trees of frankincense, myrrh, and aloes, +with all chief spices. With these the pilgrims' +chambers were perfumed while they stayed here; +and with these were their bodies anointed, to prepare +them to go over the river, when the time +appointed was come.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIANA RECEIVES MESSAGE</div> + +<p>Now, while they lay here, and waited for the +good hour, there was a noise in the town that there +was a messenger come from the Celestial City with +matter of great importance to one Christiana, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a></span> +wife of Christian the pilgrim. So inquiry was +made for her, and the house was found out where +she was. So the messenger presented her with a +letter; the contents whereof were, "Hail, good +woman! I bring thee tidings that the Master +calleth for thee, and expecteth that thou shouldest +stand in His presence, in clothes of everlasting +life, within these ten days."</p> + +<p>When he had read this letter to her, he gave her +therewith a sure token that he was a true messenger, +and was come to bid her make haste to be +gone. The token was an arrow, with a point +sharpened with love, let easily into her heart, +which by degrees wrought so effectually with her, +that at the time appointed she must be gone.</p> + +<p>When Christiana saw that her time was come, +and that she was the first of this company that +was to go over, she called for Mr. Great-heart, +her guide, and told him how matters were. So he +told her he was heartily glad of the news, and +could have been glad had the post come for him. +Then she bid that he should give advice how all +things should be prepared for her journey. So he +told her, saying, "Thus and thus it must be; and +we that are left will accompany you to the river-side."</p> + +<p>Then she called for her children, and gave them +her blessing, and told them that she yet read with +comfort the mark that was set in their foreheads, +and was glad to see them with her there, and that +they had kept their garments so white. Lastly,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a></span> +she gave to the poor that little she had, and commanded +her sons and her daughters to be ready +against the messenger should come for them.</p> + +<p>When she had spoken these words to her guide +and to her children, she called for Mr. Valiant-for-truth, +and said unto him, "Sir, you have in all +places shown yourself true-hearted. Be faithful +unto death, and my King will give you a crown +of life. I would also entreat you to have an eye +to my children; and if at any time you see them +faint, speak comfortably to them. For my +daughters, my sons' wives, they have been faithful; +and a fulfilling of the promise upon them will +be their end." But she gave Mr. Stand-fast a +ring.</p> + +<p>Then she called for old Mr. Honest, and said of +him, "Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no +guile."</p> + +<p>Then said he, "I wish you a fair day when you +set out for Mount Zion, and shall be glad to see +that you go over the river dry shod."</p> + +<p>But she answered, "Come wet, come dry, I long +to be gone; for, however the weather is in my +journey, I shall have time enough when I come +there to sit down and rest me and dry me."</p> + +<p>Then came in that good man, Mr. Ready-to-halt, +to see her. So she said to him, "Thy travel +hitherto has been with difficulty; but that will +make thy rest the sweeter. But watch and be +ready; for, at an hour when you think not, the +messenger may come."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></span>After him came in Mr. Despondency and his +daughter Much-afraid; to whom she said, "You +ought with thankfulness for ever to remember +your deliverance from the hands of Giant Despair +and out of Doubting Castle. The effect of that +mercy is that you are brought with safety hither. +Be ye watchful, and cast away fear; be sober, and +hope to the end."</p> + +<p>Then she said to Mr. Feeble-mind, "Thou wast +delivered from the mouth of Giant Slay-good, that +thou mightest live in the light of the living for +ever, and see thy King with comfort. Only I +advise thee to turn thee of thy aptness to fear and +doubt of His goodness, before He sends for thee; +lest thou shouldest, when He comes, be forced to +stand before Him for that fault with blushing."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">CHRISTIANA CROSSES THE RIVER</div> + +<p>Now, the day drew on that Christiana must be +gone. So the road was full of people to see her +take her journey. But, behold, all the banks +beyond the river were full of horses and chariots, +which were come down from above to accompany +her to the City gate. So she came forth and +entered the river, with a beckon of farewell to +those that followed her to the river-side. The +last words that she was heard to say were, "I +come, Lord, to be with Thee, and bless Thee!"</p> + +<p>So her children and friends returned to their +place, for that those that waited for Christiana +had carried her out of their sight. So she went +and called, and entered in at the gate with all the +tokens of joy that her husband Christian had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></span> +done before her. At her departure her children +wept. But Mr. Great-heart and Mr. Valiant +played upon the well-tuned cymbal and harp for +joy. So all departed to their respective places.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">PILGRIMS RECEIVE MESSAGES</div> + +<p>In process of time, there came a messenger to +the town again, and his business was with Mr. +Ready-to-halt. So he inquired him out, and said +to him, "I am come to thee from Him whom thou +hast loved and followed, though upon crutches; +and my message is to tell thee, that He expects +thee at His table, to sup with Him in His kingdom, +the next day after Easter; wherefore prepare thyself +for this journey." Then he also gave him a +token that he was a true messenger, saying, "I +have broken thy golden bowl and loosed thy +silver cord."</p> + +<p>After this Mr. Ready-to-halt called for his +fellow-pilgrims, and told them, saying, "I am sent +for, and God shall surely visit you also." So he +desired Mr. Valiant to make his will. And because +he had nothing to bequeath to them that +should survive him but his crutches and his good +wishes, therefore thus he said: "These crutches I +bequeath to my son that shall tread in my steps, +with a hundred warm wishes that he may prove +better than I have done." Then he thanked Mr. +Great-heart for his conduct and kindness, and so +addressed himself to his journey. When he came +to the brink of the river, he said, "Now I shall +have no more need of these crutches, since yonder +are chariots and horses for me to ride on." The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span> +last words he was heard to say were, "Welcome +life!" So he went his way.</p> + +<p>After this, Mr. Feeble-mind had tidings brought +him, that the messenger sounded his horn at his +chamber-door. Then he came in, and told him, +saying, "I am come to tell thee that thy Master +has need of thee, and that in a very little time thou +must behold His face in brightness. And take this +as a token of the truth of my message: 'Those that +look out at the windows shall be darkened.'" +Then Mr. Feeble-mind called for his friends, and +told them what errand had been brought unto +him, and what token he had received of the truth +of the message. Then he said, "Since I have +nothing to bequeath to any, to what purpose +should I make a will? As for my feeble mind, +that I will leave behind me, for that I shall have +no need of in the place whither I go, nor is it worth +bestowing upon the poorest pilgrim: wherefore, +when I am gone, I desire that you, Mr. Valiant, +would bury it in a dunghill." This done, and the +day being come on which he was to depart, he +entered the river as the rest. His last words were, +"Hold out, faith and patience!" So he went over +to the other side.</p> + +<p>When days had many of them passed away, Mr. +Despondency was sent for; for a messenger was +come, and brought this message to him: "Trembling +man, these are to summon thee to be ready +with thy King by the next Lord's day, to shout +for joy for thy deliverance from all thy doubtings.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[385]</a></span> +And," said the messenger, "that my message is +true, take this for a proof." So he gave him the +grasshopper to be a burden unto him.</p> + +<p>Now, Mr. Despondency's daughter, whose name +was Much-afraid, said when she heard what was +done, that she would go with her father. Then +Mr. Despondency said to his friends, "Myself and +my daughter, you know what we have been, and +how troublesomely we have behaved ourselves in +every company. My will and my daughter's is, +that our discouraged feelings and slavish fears be +by no man received, from the day of our departure +for ever; for I know that after my death they will +offer themselves to others. For, to be plain with +you, they are ghosts the which we entertained +when we first began to be pilgrims, and could +never shake them off after; and they will walk +about and seek entertainment of the pilgrims; +but, for our sakes, shut ye the doors upon them." +When the time was come for them to depart, they +went to the brink of the river. The last words +of Mr. Despondency were, "Farewell, night! welcome, +day!" His daughter went through the +river singing, but none could understand what +she said.</p> + +<p>Then it came to pass a while after, that there +was a messenger in the town that inquired for Mr. +Honest. So he came to his house where he was, +and delivered to his hand these lines: "Thou art +commanded to be ready against this day seven-night, +to present thyself before thy Lord at His<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[386]</a></span> +Father's house. And for a token that my message +is true, 'All thy daughters of music shall be brought +low.'" Then Mr. Honest called for his friends, +and said unto them, "I die, but shall make no will. +As for my honesty, it shall go with me: let them +that come after me be told this." When the day +that he was to be gone was come, he prepared +himself to go over the river. Now, the river at +that time overflowed its banks in some places; +but Mr. Honest in his lifetime had spoken to one +Good-conscience to meet him there; the which also +he did, and lent him his hand, and so helped him +over. The last words of Mr. Honest were, "Grace +reigns!" So he left the world.</p> + +<div class="sidenote">THE FINAL SUMMONS</div> + +<p>After this, it was noised abroad that Mr. Valiant-for-truth +was taken with a summons by the same +messenger as the other, and had this for a token +that the summons was true, that his pitcher was +broken at the fountain. When he understood it, +he called for his friends, and told them of it. Then +said he, "I am going to my Father's; and though +with great difficulty I am got hither, yet now I do +not repent me of all the trouble I have been at to +arrive where I am. My sword I give to him that +shall succeed me in my pilgrimage, and my courage +and skill to him that can get it. My marks +and scars I carry with me, to be a witness for me +that I have fought His battles who now will be +my rewarder." When the day that he must go +hence was come, many accompanied him to the +river-side, into which as he went he said, "Death,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[387]</a></span> +where is thy sting?" And, as he went down +deeper, he said, "Grave, where is thy victory?" +So he passed over, and all the trumpets sounded +for him on the other side.</p> + +<p>Then there came forth a summons for Mr. +Stand-fast (this Mr. Stand-fast was he whom the +pilgrims found upon his knees in the Enchanted +Ground), for the messenger brought it him open +in his hands; the contents thereof were, that he +must prepare for a change of life, for his Master +was not willing that he should be so far from Him +any longer. At this Mr. Stand-fast was put into +a muse.</p> + +<p>"Nay," said the messenger, "you need not doubt +the truth of my message, for here is a token of the +truth thereof: 'Thy wheel is broken at the cistern.'"</p> + +<p>Then he called to him Mr. Great-heart, who was +their guide, and said unto him, "Sir, although it +was not my hap to be much in your good company +in the days of my pilgrimage, yet, since the time I +knew you, you have been profitable to me. When +I came from home, I left behind me a wife and five +small children: let me entreat you at your return +(for I know that you will go and return to your +master's house, in hopes that you may yet be a +conductor to more of the holy pilgrims), that you +send to my family, and let them be acquainted +with all that hath or shall happen unto me. Tell +them moreover of my happy arrival to this place, +and of the present and late blessed condition that +I am in. Tell them also of Christian and Christiana<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[388]</a></span> +his wife, and how she and her children came +after her husband. Tell them also what a happy +end she made, and whither she is gone. I have +little or nothing to send to my family, unless it be +my prayers and tears for them; of which it will +suffice that you acquaint them, if peradventure +they may prevail."</p> + +<div class="sidenote">END OF THE PILGRIMAGE</div> + +<p>When Mr. Stand-fast had thus set things in +order, and the time being come for him to haste +him away, he also went down to the river. Now, +there was a great calm at that time in the river; +wherefore Mr. Stand-fast, when he was about +half-way in, stood a while, and talked to his companions +that had waited upon him thither. And +he said, "This river has been a terror to many; +yea, the thoughts of it have also frighted me; but +now methinks I stand easy; my foot is fixed upon +that on which the feet of the priests that bare the +ark of the covenant stood while Israel went over +Jordan. The waters, indeed, are to the palate +bitter, and to the stomach cold; yet the thought +of what I am going to, and of the conduct that +waits for me on the other side, doth lie as a glowing +coal at my heart. I see myself now at the end of +my journey; my toilsome days are ended. I am +going to see that head which was crowned with +thorns, and that face which was spit upon for me. +I have formerly lived by hearsay and faith; but +now I go where I shall live by sight, and shall be +with Him in whose company I delight myself. +I have loved to hear my Lord spoken of; and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[389]</a></span> +wherever I have seen the print of His shoe in the +earth, there I have coveted to set my foot too. +His name has been to me as a perfume box; yea, +sweeter than all sweet smells. His voice to me +has been most sweet, and His countenance I have +more desired than they that have most desired the +light of the sun. His Word I did use to gather +for my food, and for medicine against my faintings. +He has held me, and hath kept me from my sins; +yea, my steps hath He strengthened in His way."</p> + +<p>Now, while he was thus speaking, his countenance +changed, his strong man bowed under him; +and, after he had said, "Take me, for I come unto +Thee!" he ceased to be seen of them.</p> + +<p>But glorious it was to see how the open region +was filled with horses and chariots, with trumpeters +and pipers, with singers and players on +stringed instruments to welcome the pilgrims as +they went up, and followed one another in at the +beautiful gate of the City.</p> + +<p>As for Christian's children, the four boys that +Christiana brought with her, with their wives and +children, I did not stay where I was till they were +gone over. Also, since I came away, I heard one +say that they were yet alive, and so would be for +the help of the Church in that place where they +were for a time.</p> + +<p>Shall it be my lot to go that way again, I may +give those that desire it an account of what I here +am silent about: meantime I bid my reader</p> + +<p class="signature"> +<span class="smcap">Adieu.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[390]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE LITTLE PILGRIM.</h2> + +<h3>THE STORY OF A LITTLE GIRL WHO TRIED TO GO +ON PILGRIMAGE.</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">In a large old house, with two kind aunts,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The little Marian dwelt;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And a happy child she was, I ween,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">For though at times she felt</span><br /> +<span class="i0">That playmates would be better far</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Than either birds or flowers,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Yet her kind old aunts, and story books,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Soothed many lonely hours.</span> +</div> + + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Her favorite haunt, in the summer-time,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Was a large old apple-tree;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And oft amid the boughs she sat,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">With her pet book on her knee.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The "Pilgrim's Progress" was its name,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And Marian loved it much;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">It is, indeed, a glorious book,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">There are not many such!</span> +</div> + + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">She read it in her little bed,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Beside the winter fire,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And in summer-time, in the apple-tree,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">As though she would never tire.</span><br /> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[391]</a></span> +<span class="i0">But, unexplained, 'tis just the book</span><br /> +<span class="i1">To puzzle the young brain;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And the poor child had no kind friend,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Its meaning to explain.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">For though her aunts were very kind,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">They were not overwise,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And only said, "Don't read so, child,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">I'm sure you'll spoil your eyes."</span> +</div> + + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">But Marian still went reading on,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And visions strange and wild</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Began to fill the little head</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Of the lonely, dreaming child;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">For she thought that Christian and his wife,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And all their children too,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Had left behind their pleasant home,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And done what she must do.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"I'll take my Bible," said the child,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"And seek the road to heaven;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">I'll try to find the Wicket Gate,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And hope to be forgiven.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">I wish my aunts would go with me,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">But 'tis in vain to ask;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">They are so deaf and rather lame,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">They'd think it quite a task.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"No! I must go alone, I see,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">So I'll not let them know;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Or, like poor Christian's friends, they'll say,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">'My dear, you must not go.'</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[392]</a></span> +<span class="i0">"But I must wait till some grand scheme</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Can all their thoughts engage;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And then I'll leave my pleasant home,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And go on pilgrimage."</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">She had not waited long, before,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">One fine autumnal day,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">She saw the large old coach arrive,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">To take her aunts away.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"We're going out to spend the day,"</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The two old ladies said;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"We mean to visit Mrs. Blair—</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Poor soul!—she's ill in bed.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"But, Marian, you must stay at home,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">For the lady's ill, you see;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">You can have your dinner, if you like,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">In the large old apple-tree,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And play in the garden all the day,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Quite happy and content."</span><br /> +<span class="i0">A few more parting words were said,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And off the ladies went.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The servants, too, were all engaged;</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"The day is come at last,"</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Said Marian, "but oh, I wish,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">My pilgrimage was past."</span><br /> +<span class="i0">She knelt beside the apple-tree,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And for God's assistance prayed;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Then, with her basket in her hand,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Forth tripped the little maid.</span> +</div> + + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[393]</a></span> +<span class="i0">Behind the house where Marian dwelt,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Far off in the distance, lay</span><br /> +<span class="i0">A high steep hill, which the sun at morn</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Tinged with its earliest ray.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"Difficulty" was its rightful name,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The child had often thought;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Towards this hill she turned her steps,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">With hopeful visions fraught.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The flowers seemed to welcome her,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">'Twas a lovely autumn morn,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The little lark sang merrily,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Above the waving corn.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"Ah, little lark, you sing," said she,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"On your early pilgrimage;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">I, too, will sing, for pleasant thoughts</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Should now my mind engage."</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">In clear, sweet strains she sang a hymn,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And tripped lightly on her way;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Until a pool of soft, thick mud</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Across her pathway lay.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"This is the Slough of Despond," she cried,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">But she bravely ventured through;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And safely reached the other side,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">But she lost one little shoe.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">On an old gray stone she sat her down,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">To eat some fruit and bread;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Then took her little Bible out,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And a cheering psalm she read.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[394]</a></span> +<span class="i0">Then with fresh hope she journeyed on,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">For many miles away;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And she reached the bottom of the hill,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Before the close of day.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">She clambered up the steep ascent,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Though faint and weary, too;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But firmly did our Marian keep</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Her purpose still in view.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"I'm glad, at least, the arbor's past,"</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Said the little tired soul;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"I'm sure I should have sat me down</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And lost my little roll!"</span><br /> +<span class="i0">On the high hill-top she stands at last,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And our weary Pilgrim sees</span><br /> +<span class="i0">A porter's lodge, of ample size,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Half hid by sheltering trees.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">She clapped her hands with joy, and cried,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"Oh, there's the Wicket Gate,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And I must seek admittance there,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Before it is too late."</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Gently she knocks—'tis answered soon,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And at the open door</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Stands a tall, stout man—poor Marian felt</span><br /> +<span class="i1">As she ne'er had felt before.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">With tearful eyes, and trembling hand,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Flushed cheek, and anxious brow,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">She said, "I hope you're Watchful, Sir,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">I want Discretion now."</span> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[395]</a></span> +<span class="i0">"Oh yes, I'm watchful," said the man,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"As a porter ought to be;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">I s'pose you've lost your way, young Miss,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">You've lost your shoe, I see.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Missus," he cried to his wife within,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"Here's a child here, at the door,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">You'll never see such a one again,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">If you live to be fourscore.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">She wants discretion, so she says,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Indeed I think 'tis true;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But I know some who want it more,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Who will not own they do."</span> +</div> + + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Go to the Hall," his wife replies,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"And take the child with you,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The ladies there are all so wise,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">They'll soon know what to do."</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The man complied, and led the child</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Through many a flowery glade;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"Is that the Palace Beautiful?"</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The little Pilgrim said.</span> +</div> + + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"There, to the left, among the trees?</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Why, Miss, 'tis mighty grand;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Call it a palace, if you please,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">'Tis the finest in the land.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Now we be come to the fine old porch,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And this is the Marble Hall;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Here, little lady, you must stay,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">While I the servants call."</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[396]</a></span> +<span class="i0">Tired and sad he left the child,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">But he quickly re-appeared,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And with him the lady of the house—</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Poor Marian's heart was cheered.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"Sweet little girl," the lady said,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">In accents soft and kind,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"I'm sure you sadly want some rest,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And rest you soon shall find."</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">To a room where three young ladies sat,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The child was quickly led;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"Piety, Prudence, and Charity,"</span><br /> +<span class="i1">To herself she softly said.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"What is your name, my little dear?"</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Said the eldest of the three,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Whom Marian, in her secret thought,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Had christened Piety.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"We'll send a servant to your friends,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">How uneasy they must be!"</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Admiringly she watched the child,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Who, indeed, was fair to see;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Around her bright and lovely face</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Fell waves of auburn hair,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">As modestly she told her name,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">With whom she lived and where.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"How did you lose your way, my love?"</span><br /> +<span class="i1">She gently raised her head;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"I do not think I've lost my way,"</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The little Pilgrim said.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span> +<span class="i0">"This is the Palace Beautiful,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">May I stay here to-night?"</span><br /> +<span class="i0">They smiled and said, "We're glad our house</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Finds favor in your sight:—</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Yes, gladly will we keep you here,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">For many nights to come."</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"Thank you," said Marian, "but I soon</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Must seek my heavenly home.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The Valley of the Shadow of Death</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Is near this house, I know"—</span><br /> +<span class="i0">She stopped, for she saw, with great surprise,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Their tears began to flow.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">She little thought the mourning dress,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Which all the ladies wore,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Was for one whom they had dearly loved,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And should see on earth no more.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Their brother had been called away,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Their brightest and their best;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">No wonder, then, that Marian's words</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Roused grief in every breast.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Sobs only for awhile were heard;</span><br /> +<span class="i1">At length the ladies said,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"My, love, you have reminded us</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Of our loved and early dead;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But this you could not know, my dear,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And it indeed is true;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">We are all near to Death's dark door,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Even little girls like you."</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[398]</a></span> +<span class="i0">"Yes," said the timid, trembling child,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"I know it must be so;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But, ma'am, I hope that Piety</span><br /> +<span class="i1">May be with me when I go.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And will you show me your armory,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">When you have time to spare?</span><br /> +<span class="i0">I hope you have some small enough</span><br /> +<span class="i1">For a little girl to wear."</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">No more she said, for Piety,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">As Marian called her, cast</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Her arms around the Pilgrim's neck,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The secret's out at last.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"You puzzled all," said Piety;</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"But now, I see, you've read</span><br /> +<span class="i0">A glorious book, which, unexplained,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Has turned your little head.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Oh, dearly, when I was a child,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">I loved that Pilgrim Tale;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But then mamma explained it well—</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And if we can prevail</span><br /> +<span class="i0">On your kind aunts to let you stay</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Some time with us, my dear,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">You shall read that book with my mamma,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And she will make it clear."</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Now we'll return to Marian's home,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And see what's passing there.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The servants all had company,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And a merry group they were.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[399]</a></span> +<span class="i0">They had not missed our Pilgrim long,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">For they knew she oft would play</span><br /> +<span class="i0">In that old garden, with a book,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The whole of the livelong day.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Betty," at last, said the housekeeper,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"Where can Miss Marian be?</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Her dinner was in the basket packed,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">But sure, she'll come in to tea!"</span><br /> +<span class="i0">They sought her here, they sought her there,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">But they could not find the child;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And her poor old aunts, when they came home,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">With grief were almost wild.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The coachman and the footman too,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">In different ways were sent;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">But none thought of the narrow way</span><br /> +<span class="i1">In which the Pilgrim went.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"Perhaps she followed us to town,"</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Poor Aunt Rebecca said,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"I wish we had not left our home;</span><br /> +<span class="i1">I fear the child is dead."</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And to the town the coachman went,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">For they knew not what to do;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And night drew on, when a country boy</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Brought Marian's little shoe.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">With the shoe in her hand, the housekeeper</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Into the parlor ran,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">"Oh, Mistress, here is all that's left</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Of poor Miss Marian.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[400]</a></span> +<span class="i0">"It was found sticking in the mud,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Just above Harlem Chase;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">I fear the poor child's perished there,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">For 'tis a frightful place."</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Then louder grew the ladies' grief;</span><br /> +<span class="i1">But soon their hearts were cheered,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">When a footman grand, with a note in his hand,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">From the distant Hall appeared.</span></div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Aunt Ruth now read the note, and cried,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">"Oh, sister, all is well!</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The child is safe at Brookland Hall,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">With Lady Arundel,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Who wants to keep her for a month;</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Why, yes; I think she may—</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Such friends as Lady Arundel</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Are not met with every day.</span></div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Our compliments, and thanks to her,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">When you return, young man;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">We'll call to-morrow at the Hall,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And see Miss Marian."</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Then came a burst of grateful joy,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">That could not be suppressed,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And, with thankful hearts and many tears,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The ladies went to rest.</span></div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">We'll take a peep at our Marian now,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">There in her bed lies she;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">How blissful were her dreams that night,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">In the arms of Piety.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[401]</a></span> +<span class="i0">Oh, that happy month at Brookland Hall,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">How soon it passed away!</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Cheerful and good were Marian's friends,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">And who so kind as they?</span> +</div> + + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And, more than all, while there she stayed</span><br /> +<span class="i1">They did their best to bring</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The little lamb to that blest fold</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Where reigns the Shepherd King.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">For many a lesson ne'er forgot,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The little Marian learned;</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And a thoughtful and a happier child</span><br /> +<span class="i1">She to her home returned.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Years rolled away, the scene has changed,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">A wife and mother now,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Marian has found the Wicket Gate,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">She and her children too.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">And oh! how sweet it is to see</span><br /> +<span class="i1">This little Pilgrim band,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">As on towards their heavenly home,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">They travel hand in hand.</span><br /> +<span class="i0">When cloudy days fall to their lot,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">They see a light afar,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">The light that shone on Bethlehem's plain,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">The Pilgrim's guiding star.</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And now, dear children, whosoe'er,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Or whereso'er you be,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Who ponder o'er this strange, true tale</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Of Marian's history,—</span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[402]</a></span> +<span class="i0">If to the Flowers of your young hearts,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">Instructions dews are given,</span><br /> +<span class="i0">Oh! be earnest as our Marian was,</span><br /> +<span class="i1">To find the road to Heaven.</span> +</div></div> + + + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Bedford jail, in which Bunyan was twelve years a prisoner.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Tophet here means hell.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Idle one.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> An old word meaning "money" or "riches."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> This word means "pleasant," or "delightful."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> "Perspective glass" is an old name for a telescope or spy-glass.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> An atheist is one who does not believe that there is a God.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> That is, "of the body and blood of Christ."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> An instrument of music, used in the time of John Bunyan, somewhat +like a very small piano.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> An old English coin, bearing the figure of an angel.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> The word "let" here means "hindrance."</p></div> + +</div> + + +<div class="tn"><h3>Transcriber's note:</h3> +<p>Minor typographical errors, punctuation and inconsistencies have been silently normalized. Archaic spelling has been retained.</p> + +<p>Page 365 'Tell-truth' has been changed to 'Tell-true'.</p> +</div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan, by +John Bunyan + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS *** + +***** This file should be named 39452-h.htm or 39452-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/4/5/39452/ + +Produced by Julia Neufeld and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan + +Author: John Bunyan + +Editor: Jesse Lyman Hurlbut + +Release Date: April 14, 2012 [EBook #39452] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS *** + + + + +Produced by Julia Neufeld and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: + +Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). +Small capital text has been replaced with all capitals. + + +[Illustration: Christian Confides in His Wife. + See page 13] + + + + + THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS + + BY JOHN BUNYAN + + EVERY CHILD CAN READ + + EDITED BY REV. JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT, D.D. + + ILLUSTRATED + + EVERY CHILD'S LIBRARY + + THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO. PHILADELPHIA COPYRIGHT, 1909, BY THE JOHN C. + WINSTON CO. + + + + +PREFACE + + +It may seem a very bold undertaking to change even a word of the book +which, next to the Bible, has been read by more people, old and young, +than any other book in the English language. + +But, it must be remembered that, although the Pilgrim's Progress has +come to be a children's book, and is read more often by young people +than by those who are older, it was not in the purpose of John Bunyan to +write a book for children or even for the young. + +The Pilgrim's Progress was a book for men and women; and it was aimed to +teach the great truths of the gospel. Hence while most of it is written +in a simple style,--as all books should be written,--it contains much +that a child cannot understand; not often in the story, but in the +conversations and discussions between the different persons. Some of +these conversations are in reality short sermons on doctrines and +teachings which Bunyan believed to be of great importance. But these are +beyond the minds of children and give them great trouble when the book +is read. They do not like to have them left out of the reading, thinking +that they may lose something interesting. Many a young person has +stumbled through the dull, doctrinal parts of the book, without +understanding them; and even grown people find them in our time somewhat +of a blemish upon the wonderful story, valuable as they were supposed to +be in Bunyan's own time. + +For many years it has been in my mind, not to re-write the Pilgrim's +Progress, for that would destroy its greatest charm, but to change the +words here and there to simpler ones, and to omit all the conversations +and arguments concerning subjects belonging to the field of doctrine; in +other words to place the story of the Pilgrim's Progress in such a form +that every child ten years old can understand it. My purpose is to make +it plain and interesting to children, leaving the older form of the book +to be read by them when they become older. + +Perhaps a short account of Bunyan's own life may add to the interest of +his book. John Bunyan was born in 1628 at Elstow, a small village near +Bedford, which is in the heart of England. His father was a poor man, +traveling on foot from place to place mending pots and pans and the +simple furniture of country kitchens, and the son followed the same +trade, and was known as a "tinker." He tells us that he lived a wild +life, and was especially known as one of the worst swearers in the +region. + +When the great Civil War broke out in England, in 1642, between King +Charles the First and the Parliament, Bunyan became a soldier on the +side of the Commonwealth, as the party against the king was called. He +served in the army between 1644 and 1646. + +In 1648, at the age of twenty years, he married a good young woman, who +led him to prayer and to a new life. But it was hard for one who had led +such a life as his had been to turn to God, and it cost the young man a +great struggle. It seemed to him that his past sins were like a load +upon his back, just as he afterward wrote of his "pilgrim," and it was +long before he found peace. + +He became a member of a little Baptist society, and soon began to +preach. Crowds came to hear him, drawn by his earnest spirit and his +quaint striking manner. But when Charles the Second became king, no +religious services were allowed except those of the Church of England, +and all other meetings were forbidden. Bunyan however went on preaching, +until he was sent to prison in Bedford. In Bedford jail he stayed twelve +years. To find a means of living in jail, he made lace, and sold it as a +support for himself and his blind daughter. + +If the prison was hard for Bunyan his sufferings were made a blessing to +untold millions, for while in Bedford jail he wrote the Pilgrim's +Progress. This story was intended to be a parable, like many of our +Saviour's teachings; that is, it put into the form of a story the life +of one who turns from sin, finds salvation through Christ, and in the +face of many difficulties makes his way through this world to heaven. +Even a child who reads or listens to the book will see this meaning in +part; and he will understand it better as he grows older. + +In 1672 Bunyan was set free, and allowed to begin again his work as a +Baptist minister, and he soon became one of the most popular preachers +in all England. He died quite suddenly in 1688, when he was sixty years +old, and is buried in an old graveyard now near the center of London, +called Bunhill Fields Burial-ground. In the same ground is buried +another great writer, Daniel DeFoe, whose story of "Robinson Crusoe" +ranks next to the Pilgrim's Progress in the number of its readers; also +Isaac Watts, the author of many hymns sung in all the churches, and Mrs. +Susanna Wesley, the mother of the great John Wesley. Four people who +have left a deep mark upon the world, all lie near together in this +small cemetery in London. + +Every child should read the Pilgrim's Progress as a story if no more +than a story; should read it until he knows it by heart. And the older +he grows the deeper will be the meaning that he will see in it. + + JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. + + + + +LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. + + + CHRISTIAN CONFIDES IN HIS WIFE _Frontispiece_ + + PAGE + EVANGELIST POINTS TO WICKET-GATE 15 + + CHRISTIAN BEFORE THE CROSS 50 + + CHRISTIAN AND FAITHFUL JOIN COMPANY 89 + + HOPEFUL AND CHRISTIAN 129 + + ATHEIST LAUGHING AT CHRISTIAN AND HOPEFUL 170 + + CHRISTIANA'S BOYS BEGAN TO EAT 231 + + TURN-AWAY RESISTING EVANGELIST 357 + + + + +THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS + + +PART I + + + + +CHAPTER I. + + +As I walked through the wilderness of this world, I lighted on a certain +place where was a den,[1] and laid me down in that place to sleep; and +as I slept, I dreamed a dream. I dreamed, and behold, I saw a man +clothed with rags, standing in a certain place, with his face from his +own house, a book in his hand, and a great burden upon his back. I +looked, and saw him open the book, and read therein; and as he read, he +wept and trembled; and, not being able longer to contain, he brake out +with a lamentable cry, saying, "What shall I do?" + + [1] Bedford jail, in which Bunyan was twelve years a prisoner. + +In this plight, therefore, he went home, and restrained himself as long +as he could, that his wife and children should not perceive his +distress; but he could not be silent long, because that his trouble +increased. Wherefore at length he brake his mind to his wife and +children; and thus he began to talk to them: "Oh my dear wife," said he, +"and you my sweet children, I, your dear friend, am in myself undone by +reason of a burden that lieth hard upon me; moreover, I am told to a +certainty that this our city will be burned with fire from heaven; in +which fearful overthrow, both myself, with thee, my wife, and you, my +sweet babes, shall miserably come to ruin, except some way of escape +can be found whereby we may be delivered." At this all his family were +sore amazed; not for that they believed that what he had said to them +was true, but because they thought that some frenzy or madness had got +into his head; therefore, it drawing towards night, and they hoping that +sleep might settle his brain, with all haste they got him to bed. But +the night was as troublesome to him as the day; wherefore, instead of +sleeping, he spent it in sighs and tears. So when the morning was come, +they would know how he did. He told them, Worse and worse: he also set +to talking to them again; but they began to be hardened. They also +thought to drive away his madness by harsh and surly treatment of him: +sometimes they would ridicule, sometimes they would chide, and sometimes +they would quite neglect him. Wherefore he began to retire himself to +his chamber, to pray for and pity them, and also to sorrow over his own +misery; he would also walk solitary in the fields, sometimes reading, +and sometimes praying; and thus for some days he spent his time. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN'S DISTRESS OF MIND] + +Now, I saw, upon a time, when he was walking in the fields, that he was +(as he was wont) reading in his book, and greatly distressed in his +mind; and as he read, he burst out as he had done before, crying, "What +shall I do to be saved?" + +I saw also that he looked this way and that way, as if he would run; yet +he stood still, because (as I perceived) he could not tell which way to +go. I looked then, and saw a man named Evangelist coming to him, who +asked, "Wherefore dost thou cry?" + +[Illustration: Evangelist Points to Wicket-Gate. + Page 15] + +He answered, "Sir, I read in the book in my hand, that I am condemned to +die, and after that to come to judgment; and I find that I am not +willing to do the first, nor able to do the second." + +Then said Evangelist, "Why not willing to die, since this life is +troubled with so many evils?" The man answered, "Because I fear that +this burden that is upon my back will sink me lower than the grave, and +I shall fall into Tophet.[2] And, sir, if I be not fit to go to prison, +I am not fit to go to judgment, and from thence to death; and the +thoughts of these things make me cry." + + [2] Tophet here means hell. + +Then said Evangelist, "If this be thy condition, why standest thou +still?" + +He answered, "Because I know not whither to go." Then he gave him a +parchment roll, and there was written within, "Flee from the wrath to +come." + +The man, therefore, read it, and looking upon Evangelist very carefully, +said, "Whither must I fly?" Then said Evangelist (pointing with his +finger over a very wide field), "Do you see yonder wicket-gate?" The man +said, "No." Then said the other, "Do you see yonder shining light?" He +said, "I think I do." Then said Evangelist, "Keep that light in your +eye, and go up directly thereto; so shalt thou see the gate; at which, +when thou knockest, it shall be told thee what thou shalt do." So I saw +in my dream that the man began to run. Now, he had not run far from his +own door, when his wife and children perceiving it, began to cry after +him to return; but the man put his fingers in his ears, and ran on, +crying, "Life! life! eternal life!" So he looked not behind him, but +fled towards the middle of the plain. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN FLEES FROM THE CITY] + +The neighbors also came out to see him run; and as he ran, some mocked, +others threatened, and some cried after him to return; and among those +that did so there were two that resolved to fetch him back by force. The +name of the one was Obstinate, and the name of the other Pliable. Now, +by this time the man was got a good distance from them; but, however, +they were resolved to pursue him, which they did, and in a little time +they overtook him. Then said the man, "Neighbors, wherefore are ye +come?" They said, "To persuade you to go back with us." But he said, +"That can by no means be: you dwell," said he, "in the City of +Destruction, the place also where I was born: I see it to be so; and, +dying there, sooner or later, you will sink lower than the grave, into a +place that burns with fire and brimstone. Be content, good neighbors, +and go along with me." + +OBST. "What!" said Obstinate, "and leave our friends and comforts behind +us?" + +CHRIS. "Yes," said Christian (for that was his name), "because that all +which you forsake is not worthy to be compared with a little of that I +am seeking to enjoy; and if you would go along with me, and hold it, you +shall fare as I myself; for there, where I go, is enough and to spare. +Come away, and prove my words." + +OBST. What are the things you seek, since you leave all the world to +find them? + +CHRIS. I seek a place that can never be destroyed, one that is pure, and +that fadeth not away, and it is laid up in heaven, and safe there, to be +given, at the time appointed, to them that seek it with all their heart. +Read it so, if you will, in my book. + +OBST. "Tush!" said Obstinate, "away with your book; will you go back +with us or no?" + +CHRIS. "No, not I," said the other, "because I have put my hand to the +plough." + +[Sidenote: DISCOURSES WITH PLIABLE] + +OBST. Come, then, neighbor Pliable, let us turn again, and go home +without him: there is a company of these crazy-headed fools, that, when +they take a fancy by the end, are wiser in their own eyes than seven men +that can render a reason. + +PLI. Then said Pliable, "Don't revile; if what the good Christian says +is true, the things he looks after are better than ours; my heart +inclines to go with my neighbor." + +OBST. What! more fools still? Be ruled by me, and go back; who knows +whither such a brain-sick fellow will lead you? Go back, go back, and be +wise. + +CHRIS. Nay, but do thou come with thy neighbor Pliable; there are such +things to be had which I spoke of, and many more glories besides. If you +believe not me, read here in this book; and for the truth of what is +told therein, behold, all is made by the blood of Him that made it. + +PLI. "Well, neighbor Obstinate," said Pliable, "I begin to come to a +point; I intend to go along with this good man, and to cast in my lot +with him. But, my good companion, do you know the way to this desired +place?" + +CHRIS. I am directed by a man, whose name is Evangelist, to speed me to +a little gate that is before us, where we shall receive directions about +the way. + +PLI. Come, then, good neighbor, let us be going. Then they went both +together. + +"And I will go back to my place," said Obstinate; "I will be no +companion of such misled, fantastical fellows." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that, when Obstinate was gone back, Christian +and Pliable went talking over the plain; and thus they began: + +CHRIS. Come, neighbor Pliable, how do you do? I am glad you are +persuaded to go along with me. Had even Obstinate himself but felt what +I have felt of the powers and terrors of what is yet unseen, he would +not thus lightly have given us the back. + +PLI. Come, neighbor Christian, since there are none but us two here, +tell me now further what the things are, and how to be enjoyed, whither +we are going. + +CHRIS. I can better understand them with my mind than speak of them with +my tongue; but yet, since you are desirous to know, I will read of them +in my book. + +PLI. And do you think that the words of your book are certainly true? + +CHRIS. Yes, verily; for it was made by Him that cannot lie. + +PLI. Well said; what things are they? + +CHRIS. There is an endless kingdom to be enjoyed, and everlasting life +to be given us, that we may live in that kingdom forever. + +PLI. Well said; and what else? + +CHRIS. There are crowns of glory to be given us, and garments that will +make us shine like the sun in the sky. + +PLI. This is very pleasant; and what else? + +CHRIS. There shall be no more crying, nor sorrow; for he that is owner +of the place will wipe all tears from our eyes. + +PLI. And what company shall we have there? + +CHRIS. There we shall be with seraphims and cherubims, creatures that +shall dazzle your eyes to look on them. There also you shall meet with +thousands and ten thousands that have gone before us to that place; none +of them are hurtful, but all loving and holy; every one walking in the +sight of God, and standing in His presence with acceptance for ever. In +a word, there we shall see the elders with their golden crowns; there we +shall see the holy women with their golden harps; there we shall see +men that by the world were cut in pieces, burnt in flames, eaten of +beasts, drowned in the seas, for the love they bear to the Lord of the +place, all well, and clothed with everlasting life as with a garment. + +PLI. The hearing of this is enough to delight one's heart. But are these +things to be enjoyed? How shall we get to be sharers thereof? + +CHRIS. The Lord, the Governor of the country, hath written that in this +book; the substance of which is, If we be truly willing to have it, He +will bestow it upon us freely. + +PLI. Well, my good companion, glad am I to hear of these things; come +on, let us mend our pace. + +CHRIS. I cannot go so fast as I would, by reason of this burden that is +on my back. + +[Sidenote: THE SLOUGH OF DESPOND] + +Now, I saw in my dream, that just as they had ended this talk, they drew +nigh to a very miry slough or swamp, that was in the midst of the plain; +and they, being heedless, did both fall suddenly into the bog. The name +of the slough was Despond. Here, therefore, they wallowed for a time, +being grievously bedaubed with the dirt; and Christian, because of the +burden that was on his back, began to sink into the mire. + +PLI. Then said Pliable, "Ah! neighbor Christian where are you now?" + +CHRIS. "Truly," said Christian, "I do not know." + +PLI. At this Pliable began to be offended, and angrily said to his +fellow, "Is this the happiness you have told me all this while of? If we +have such ill speed at our first setting out, what may we expect between +this and our journey's end? May I get out again with my life, you shall +possess the brave country alone for me." And with that, he gave a +desperate struggle or two, and got out of the mire on that side of the +swamp which was next to his own house: so away he went, and Christian +saw him no more. + +Wherefore Christian was left to tumble in the Slough of Despond alone; +but still he tried to struggle to that side of the slough which was +farthest from his own house, and next to the wicket-gate; the which, he +did but could not get out because of the burden that was upon his back; +but I beheld in my dream, that a man came to him whose name was Help, +and asked him, What he did there? + +CHRIS. "Sir," said Christian, "I was bid to go this way by a man called +Evangelist, who directed me also to yonder gate, that I might escape the +wrath to come; and as I was going there I fell in here." + +HELP. But why did you not look for the steps? + +CHRIS. Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the next way and fell in. + +HELP. Then said he, "Give me thine hand." So he gave him his hand, and +he drew him out, and set him upon solid ground, and bade him go on his +way. + +Then I stepped to him that plucked him out, and said, "Sir, wherefore, +since over this place is the way from the City of Destruction to yonder +gate, is it that this place is not mended, that poor travelers might go +thither with more safety?" And he said unto me, "This miry slough is +such a place as cannot be mended; it is the hollow whither the scum and +filth that go with the feeling of sin, do continually run, and therefore +it is called the Slough of Despond; for still, as the sinner is awakened +by his lost condition, there arise in his soul many fears, and doubts, +and discouraging alarms, which all of them get together and settle in +this place; and this is the reason of the badness of the ground. + +"It is not the pleasure of the King that this place should remain so +bad. His laborers also have, by the direction of His Majesty's +surveyors, been for about these sixteen hundred years employed about +this patch of ground, if perhaps it might have been mended; yea, and to +my knowledge," said he, "here have been swallowed up at least twenty +thousand cart-loads, yea, millions, of wholesome teachings, that have at +all seasons been brought from all places of the King's dominions (and +they that can tell say they are the best materials to make good ground +of the place), if so be it might have been mended; but it is the Slough +of Despond still, and so will be when they have done what they can. + +"True, there are, by the direction of the Lawgiver, certain good and +substantial steps, placed even through the very midst of this slough; +but at such time as this place doth much spew out its filth, as it doth +against change of weather, these steps are hardly seen; or, if they be, +men, through the dizziness of their heads, step aside, and then they are +bemired to purpose, notwithstanding the steps be there; but the ground +is good when they are got in at the gate." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that by this time Pliable was got home to his +house. So his neighbors came to visit him; and some of them called him +wise man for coming back, and some called him a fool for risking himself +with Christian; others again did mock at his cowardliness, saying +"Surely since you began to venture, I would not have been so base to +have given out for a few difficulties;" so Pliable sat sneaking among +them. But at last he got more confidence; and then they all turned their +tales, and began to abuse poor Christian behind his back. And thus much +concerning Pliable. + +[Sidenote: WORLDLY WISEMAN'S COUNSEL] + +Now, as Christian was walking solitary by himself, he espied one afar +off come crossing over the field to meet him; and their hap was to meet +just as they were crossing the way of each other. The gentleman's name +that met him was Mr. Worldly Wiseman: he dwelt in the town of Carnal +Policy, a very great town, and also hard by from whence Christian came. +This man, then, meeting with Christian, and having heard about +him--(for Christian's setting forth from the City of Destruction was +much noised abroad, not only in the town where he dwelt, but also it +began to be the town-talk in some other places)--Mr. Worldly Wiseman +therefore, having some guess of him, by beholding his laborious going, +by noticing his sighs and groans, and the like, began thus to enter into +some talk with Christian: + +WORLD. How now, good fellow! whither away after this burdened manner? + +CHRIS. A burdened manner indeed, as ever I think poor creature had! And +whereas you ask me, Whither away? I tell you, sir, I am going to yonder +wicket-gate before me; for there, as I am informed, I shall be put into +a way to be rid of my heavy burden. + +WORLD. Hast thou a wife and children? + +CHRIS. Yes; but I am so laden with this burden, that I cannot take that +pleasure in them as formerly; methinks I am as if I had none. + +WORLD. Wilt thou hearken to me, if I give thee counsel? + +CHRIS. If it be _good_, I will; for I stand in need of good counsel. + +WORLD. I would advise thee, then, that thou with all speed get thyself +rid of thy burden; for thou wilt never be settled in thy mind till then; +nor canst thou enjoy the blessings which God hath bestowed upon thee +till then. + +CHRIS. That is that which I seek for, even to be rid of this heavy +burden; but get it off myself I cannot; nor is there any man in our +country that can take it off my shoulders; therefore am I going this +way, as I told you, that I may be rid of my burden. + +WORLD. Who bid thee go this way to be rid of thy burden? + +CHRIS. A man that appeared to me to be a very great and honorable +person; his name, as I remember, is Evangelist. + +WORLD. I curse him for his counsel! there is not a more dangerous and +troublesome way in the world than is that into which he hath directed +thee; and that thou shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled by his advice. +Thou hast met with something, as I perceive, already; for I see the dirt +of the Slough of Despond is upon thee; but that slough is the beginning +of the sorrows that do attend those that go on in that way. Hear me: I +am older than thou: thou art like to meet with, in the way which thou +goest, wearisomeness, painfulness, hunger, perils, nakedness, sword, +lions, dragons, darkness, and, in a word, death, and what not. These +things are certainly true, having been proved by the words of many +people. And why should a man so carelessly cast away himself, by giving +heed to a stranger? + +CHRIS. Why, sir, this burden upon my back is more terrible to me than +all these things which you have mentioned; nay, methinks I care not what +I meet with in the way, if so be I can also meet with deliverance from +my burden. + +WORLD. How camest thou by the burden at first? + +CHRIS. By reading this book in my hand. + +WORLD. I thought so. And it has happened unto thee as unto other weak +men, who, meddling with things too high for them, do suddenly fall into +thy crazy thoughts, which thoughts do not only unman men, as thine I +perceive have done thee, but they run them upon desperate efforts to +obtain they know not what. + +CHRIS. I know what I would obtain; it is ease for my heavy burden. + +WORLD. But why wilt thou seek for ease this way, seeing so many dangers +attend it? Especially since (hadst thou but patience to hear me,) I +could direct thee to the getting of what thou desirest, without the +dangers that thou in this way wilt run thyself into. Yea, and the remedy +is at hand. Besides, I will add that, instead of those dangers, thou +shalt meet with much safety, friendship, and content. + +CHRIS. Sir, I pray, open this secret to me. + +WORLD. Why, in yonder village (the village is named Morality), there +dwells a gentleman whose name is Legality, a very wise man, and a man of +very good name, that has skill to help men off with such burdens as +thine is from their shoulders; yea, to my knowledge he hath done a great +deal of good this way; aye, and besides, he hath skill to cure those +that are somewhat crazed in their wits with their burdens. To him, as I +said, thou mayest go, and be helped presently. His house is not quite a +mile from this place; and if he should not be at home himself, he hath a +pretty young man as his son, whose name is Civility, that can do it (to +speak on) as well as the old gentleman himself. There, I say, thou +mayest be eased of thy burden; and if thou art not minded to go back to +thy former habitation (as indeed I would not wish thee), thou mayest +send for thy wife and children to thee in this village, where there are +houses now standing empty, one of which thou mayest have at a reasonable +rate; provision is there also cheap and good; and that which will make +thy life the more happy is, to be sure there thou shalt live by honest +neighbors, in credit and good fashion. + +Now was Christian somewhat at a stand; but presently he concluded, "If +this be true which this gentleman hath said, my wisest course is to take +his advice;" and with that, he thus further spake: + +CHRIS. Sir, which is my way to this honest man's house? + +WORLD. Do you see yonder high hill? + +CHRIS. Yes, very well. + +WORLD. By that hill you must go, and the first house you come at is his. + +[Sidenote: EVANGELIST AND CHRISTIAN.] + +So Christian turned out of his way to go to Mr. Legality's house for +help; but, behold, when he was got now hard by the hill, it seemed so +high, and also that side of it that was next the wayside did hang so +much over, that Christian was afraid to venture farther, lest the hill +should fall on his head; wherefore there he stood still, and knew not +what to do. Also his burden now seemed heavier to him than while he was +in his way. There came also flashes of fire out of the hill, that made +Christian afraid that he should be burnt: here, therefore, he sweat and +did quake for fear. And now he began to be sorry that he had taken Mr. +Worldly Wiseman's counsel; and with that, he saw Evangelist coming to +meet him, at the sight also of whom he began to blush for shame. So +Evangelist drew nearer and nearer; and, coming up to him, he looked upon +him with a severe and dreadful countenance, and thus began to reason +with Christian: + +EVAN. "What dost thou here, Christian?" said he; at which words +Christian knew not what to answer; wherefore at present he stood +speechless before him. Then said Evangelist further, "Art thou not the +man that I found crying, without the walls of the City of Destruction?" + +CHRIS. Yes, dear sir, I am the man. + +EVAN. Did not I direct thee the way to the little wicket-gate? + +CHRIS. "Yes, dear sir," said Christian. + +EVAN. How is it, then, that thou art so quickly turned aside? For thou +art now out of the way. + +CHRIS. I met with a gentleman as soon as I had got over the Slough of +Despond, who persuaded me that I might, in the village before me, find a +man that could take off my burden. + +EVAN. What was he? + +CHRIS. He looked like a gentleman, and talked much to me, and got me at +last to yield: so I came hither, but when I beheld this hill, and how it +hangs over the way, I suddenly made a stand, lest it should fall on my +head. + +EVAN. What said that gentleman to you? + +CHRIS. Why, he asked me whither I was going, and I told him. + +EVAN. And what said he then? + +CHRIS. He asked me if I had a family, and I told him. But, said I, I am +so laden with the burden that is on my back, that I cannot take pleasure +in them as formerly. + +EVAN. And what said he then? + +CHRIS. He bid me with speed get rid of my burden; and I told him it was +ease that I sought. And, said I, I am therefore going to yonder gate to +receive further direction how I may get to the place of deliverance. So +he said that he would show me a better way, and short, not so hard as +the way, sir, that you sent me in; which way, said he, will direct you +to a gentleman's house that hath skill to take off these burdens. So I +believed him, and turned out of that way into this, if haply I might +soon be eased of my burden. But, when I came to this place, and beheld +things as they are, I stopped for fear (as I said) of danger; but I now +know not what to do. + +EVAN. Then said Evangelist, "Stand still a little, that I may show thee +the words of God." So he stood trembling. Then said Evangelist, "God +says in his book, 'See that ye refuse not him that speaketh; for if they +escaped not who refused him that spake on earth, much more shall not we +escape, if we turn away from Him that speaketh from heaven.' He said, +moreover, 'Now, the righteous man shall live by faith in God, but if any +man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him.'" He also did +thus apply them: "Thou art the man that art running into misery; thou +hast begun to reject the counsel of the Most High, and to draw back thy +foot from the way of peace, even almost to the danger of thy everlasting +ruin." + +Then Christian fell down at his feet as dead, crying, "Woe is me, for I +am undone!" At the sight of which Evangelist caught him by the right +hand, saying, "All manner of sin and evil words shall be forgiven unto +men." "Be not faithless, but believing." Then did Christian again a +little revive, and stood up trembling, as at first, before Evangelist. + +Then Evangelist proceeded, saying, "Give more earnest heed to the things +that I shall tell thee of. I will now show thee who it was that led thee +astray, and who it was also to whom he sent thee. That man that met thee +is one Worldly Wiseman; and rightly is he so called; partly because he +seeks only for the things of this world (therefore he always goes to the +town of Morality to church), and partly because he loveth that way best, +for it saveth him from the Cross; and because he is of this evil +temper, therefore he seeketh to turn you from my way though it is the +right way. + +"He to whom thou wast sent for ease, being by name Legality, is not able +to set thee free from thy burden. No man was as yet ever rid of his +burden by him; no, nor ever is like to be: ye cannot be set right by any +such plan. Therefore, Mr. Worldly Wiseman is an enemy, and Mr. Legality +is a cheat; and, for his son Civility, notwithstanding his simpering +looks, he is but a fraud and cannot help thee. Believe me, there is +nothing in all this noise that thou hast heard of these wicked men, but +a design to rob thee of thy salvation, by turning thee from the way in +which I had set thee." After this, Evangelist called aloud to the +heavens for proof of what he had said; and with that there came words +and fire out of the mountain under which poor Christian stood, which +made the hair of his flesh stand up. The words were thus spoken: "As +many as are of the works of the law are under the curse." + +Now, Christian looked for nothing but death, and began to cry out +lamentably; even cursing the time in which he met with Mr. Worldly +Wiseman; still calling himself a thousand fools for listening to his +counsel. He also was greatly ashamed to think that this gentleman's +arguments should have the power with him so far as to cause him to +forsake the right way. This done, he spoke again to Evangelist, in words +and sense as follows: + +CHRIS. Sir, what think you? Is there any hope? May I now go back, and go +up to the wicket-gate? Shall I not be abandoned for this, and sent back +from thence ashamed? I am sorry I have hearkened to this man's counsel; +but may my sins be forgiven? + +EVAN. Then said Evangelist to him, "Thy sin is very great, for by it +thou hast committed two evils; thou hast forsaken the way that is good, +to tread in forbidden paths. Yet will the man at the gate receive thee, +for he has good will for men; only," said he, "take heed that thou turn +not aside again, lest thou perish from the way, when his anger is +kindled but a little." + + + + +CHAPTER II. + + +Then did Christian begin to go back to the right road; and Evangelist, +after he had kissed him, gave him one smile, and bid him God speed; so +he went on with haste, neither spake he to any man by the way; nor, if +any asked him, would he give them an answer. He went like one that was +all the while treading on forbidden ground, and could by no means think +himself safe, till again he was got in the way which he had left to +follow Mr. Worldly Wiseman's counsel: so after a time, Christian got up +to the gate. Now, over the gate there was written, "Knock, and it shall +be opened unto you." + +He knocked, therefore, more than once or twice, saying: + + "May I now enter here? Will He within + Open to sorry me, though I have been + An undeserving rebel? Then shall I + Not fail to sing His lasting praise on high." + +[Sidenote: GOODWILL OPENS THE GATE] + +At last there came a grave person to the gate named Goodwill, who asked +who was there, and whence he came, and what he would have? + +CHRIS. Here is a poor burdened sinner. I come from the City of +Destruction, but am going to Mount Zion, that I may be set free from the +wrath to come; I would therefore, sir, since I am told that by this +gate is the way thither, know, if you are willing to let me in. + +GOOD. "I am willing with all my heart," said he; and, with that, he +opened the gate. + +So, when Christian was stepping in, the other gave him a pull. Then said +Christian, "What means that?" The other told him, "A little distance +from this gate there is erected a strong castle, of which Beelzebub, the +Evil One, is the captain; from whence both he and they that are with him +shoot arrows at those that come up to this gate, if haply they may die +before they can enter in." Then said Christian, "I rejoice and tremble." +So when he was got in, the man of the gate asked him who directed him +thither. + +CHRIS. Evangelist bid me come hither and knock, as I did; and he said +that you, sir, would tell me what I must do. + +GOOD. An open door is set before thee, and no man can shut it. + +CHRIS. Now I begin to reap the benefit of the trouble which I have +taken. + +GOOD. But how is it that you came alone? + +CHRIS. Because none of my neighbors saw their danger, as I saw mine. + +GOOD. Did any of them know you were coming? + +CHRIS. Yes, my wife and children saw me at the first, and called after +me to turn again; also some of my neighbors stood crying and calling +after me to return; but I put my fingers in my ears, and so came on my +way. + +GOOD. But did none of them follow you, to persuade you to go back? + +CHRIS. Yes, both Obstinate and Pliable: but, when they saw that they +could not prevail, Obstinate went railing back, but Pliable came with me +a little way. + +GOOD. But why did he not come through? + +CHRIS. We indeed came both together until we came to the Slough of +Despond, into the which we also suddenly fell. And then was my neighbor +Pliable discouraged, and would not venture farther. Wherefore, getting +out again on the side next his own house, he told me I should win the +brave country alone for him: so he went his way, and I came mine; he +after Obstinate, and I to this gate. + +GOOD. Then said Goodwill, "Alas, poor man! is the heavenly glory of so +little worth with him, that he counteth it not worth running the risk of +a few difficulties to obtain it?" + +CHRIS. "Truly," said Christian, "I have said the truth of Pliable; and +if I should also say the truth of myself, it will appear there is not +betterment betwixt him and myself. 'Tis true, he went on back to his own +house; but I also turned aside to go into the way of death, being +persuaded thereto by the words of one Mr. Worldly Wiseman." + +GOOD. Oh! did he light upon you? What! he would have had you seek for +ease at the hands of Mr. Legality! They are both of them a very cheat. +But did you take his counsel? + +CHRIS. Yes, as far as I durst. I went to find out Mr. Legality, until I +thought that the mountain that stands by his house would have fallen +upon my head: wherefore there I was forced to stop. + +GOOD. That mountain has been the death of many, and will be the death of +many more; it is well you escaped being by it dashed in pieces. + +CHRIS. Why, truly, I do not know what had become of me there, had not +Evangelist happily met me again as I was musing in the midst of my +dumps; but it was God's mercy that he came to me again, for else I had +never come hither. But now I am come, such a one as I am, more fit +indeed for death by that mountain, than thus to stand talking with my +Lord. But, oh! what a favor this is to me, that yet I am to enter here! + +GOOD. We make no objections against any, notwithstanding all that they +have done before they come hither; they in no wise are cast out. And +therefore, good Christian, come a little with me, and I will teach thee +about the way thou must go. Look before thee: dost thou see this narrow +way? That is the way thou must go. It was cast up by the men of old, +prophets, Christ and His apostles, and it is as straight as a rule can +make it: this is the way thou must go. + +CHRIS. "But," said Christian, "are there no turnings nor windings by +which a stranger may lose his way?" + +GOOD. "Yes, there are many ways butt down upon this, and they are +crooked and wide; but thus thou mayest distinguish the right from the +wrong, the right only being straight and narrow." + +Then I saw in my dream, that Christian asked him further if he could not +help him off with his burden that was upon his back. For as yet he had +not got rid thereof, nor could he by any means get it off without help. + +He told him, "As to thy burden, be content to bear it until thou comest +to the place of deliverance; for there it will fall from thy back of +itself." + +Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to turn again to his +journey. + +So the other told him that as soon as he was gone some distance from the +gate, he would come at the house of the Interpreter, at whose door he +should knock, and he would show him excellent things. Then Christian +took his leave of his friend, and he again bid him God speed. + +[Sidenote: House of the Interpreter] + +Then he went on till he came to the house of the Interpreter, where he +knocked over and over. At last one came to the door, and asked who was +there. + +CHRIS. Sir, here is a traveler who was bid by a friend of the good man +of this house to call here for his benefit; I would therefore speak with +the master of the house. + +So he called for the master of the house, who, after a little time, came +to Christian, and asked him what he would have. + +CHRIS. "Sir," said Christian, "I am a man that am come from the City of +Destruction, and am going to Mount Zion; and I was told by the man that +stands at the gate at the head of this way, that, if I called here, you +would show me excellent things, such as would be helpful to me on my +journey." + +INTER. Then said the Interpreter, "Come in; I will show thee that which +will be profitable to thee." So he commanded his man to light the +candle, and bid Christian follow him; so he led him into a private room, +and bid his man open a door; the which when he had done, Christian saw +the picture of a very grave person hung up against the wall; and this +was the fashion of it: it had eyes lifted up to heaven, the best of +books in its hand, the law of truth was written upon its lips, the world +was behind its back; it stood as if it pleaded with men, and a crown of +gold did hang over its head. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What meaneth this?" + +INTER. The man whose picture this is, is one of a thousand. He can say, +in the words of the apostle Paul, "Though ye have ten thousand teachers +in Christ, yet have you not many fathers; for in Christ Jesus I have +been your father through the Gospel." And whereas thou seest him with +his eyes lifted up to heaven, the best of books in his hand, and the law +of truth writ on his lips, it is to show thee that his work is to know +and unfold dark things to sinners; even as also thou seest him stand as +if he pleaded with men. And whereas thou seest the world is cast behind +him, and that a crown hangs over his head; that is to show thee that, +slighting and despising the things that are in the world, for the love +that he hath to his Master's service, he is sure in the world that comes +next to have glory for his reward. Now, said the Interpreter, I have +showed thee this picture first, because the man whose picture this is, +is the only man whom the Lord of the place whither thou art going hath +chosen to be thy guide, in all difficult places thou mayest meet with in +thy way; wherefore take good heed to what I have showed thee, and bear +well in thy mind what thou hast seen, lest in thy journey thou meet with +some that pretend to lead thee right, but their way goes down to death. + +Then he took him by the hand, and led him into a very large parlor, that +was full of dust, because never swept; the which after he had looked at +it a little while, the Interpreter called for a man to sweep. Now, when +he began to sweep, the dust began so abundantly to fly about that +Christian had almost therewith been choked. Then said the Interpreter to +a girl that stood by, "Bring hither water, and sprinkle the room;" the +which when she had done, it was swept and cleansed with ease. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What means this?" + +INTER. The Interpreter answered, "This parlor is the heart of a man +that was never made pure by the sweet grace of the Gospel. The dust is +his sin, and inward evils that have defiled the whole man. He that began +to sweep at first is the law; but she that brought water, and did +sprinkle it, is the Gospel. Now, whereas thou sawest that, as soon as +the first began to sweep, the dust did fly so about that the room could +not by him be cleansed, but that thou wast almost choked therewith; this +is to show thee, that the law, instead of cleansing the heart (by its +working) from sin, doth revive, put strength into, and increase it in +the soul, even as it doth discover and forbid it, for it doth not give +power to overcome. Again, as thou sawest the girl sprinkle the room with +water, upon which it was cleansed with ease; this is to show thee, that +when the Gospel comes, in the sweet and gracious power thereof, to the +heart, then, I say, even as thou sawest the maiden lay the dust by +sprinkling the floor with water, so is sin vanquished and subdued, and +the soul made clean through the faith of it, and, consequently, fit for +the King of Glory to dwell in." + +I saw moreover in my dream, that the Interpreter took him by the hand, +and led him into a little room where sat two little children, each one +in his own chair. The name of the eldest was Passion, and the name of +the other Patience. Passion seemed to be much discontented, but Patience +was very quiet. The Christian asked, "What is the reason of the +discontent of Passion?" The Interpreter answered, "The governor of them +would have him stay for his best things till the beginning of next year; +but he will have all now. Patience is willing to wait." + +Then I saw that one came to Passion, and brought him a bag of treasure, +and poured it down at his feet; the which he took up, and rejoiced +therein, and withal laughed Patience to scorn. But I beheld but awhile, +and he had wasted all away, and had nothing left him but rags. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian to the Interpreter, "Explain this matter more +fully to me." + +INTER. So he said, "These two lads are pictures: Passion, of the men of +this world; and Patience, of the men of that which is to come: for, as +here thou seest, Passion will have all now, this year, that is to say in +this world; so are the men of this world; they must have all their good +things now; they cannot stay till the next year, that is, until the next +world, for their portion of good. That proverb, 'A bird in the hand is +worth two in the bush,' is of more weight with them than all the words +in the Bible of the good of the world to come. But, as thou sawest that +he had quickly wasted all away, and had presently left him nothing but +rags, so will it be with all such men at the end of this world." + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "Now I see that Patience has the best +wisdom, and that upon many accounts. 1. Because he stays for the best +things. 2. And also because he will have the glory of his when the +other has nothing but rags." + +INTER. Nay, you may add another; this, the glory of the next world will +never wear out; but these are suddenly gone. Therefore Passion had not +so much reason to laugh at Patience because he had his good things at +first, as Patience will have to laugh at Passion, because he had his +best things last; for first must give place to last, because last must +have his time to come; but last gives place to nothing, for there is not +another to succeed: he, therefore, that hath his portion first, must +needs have a time to spend it; but he that hath his portion last, must +have it lastingly. + +CHRIS. Then I see it is not best to covet things that are now, but to +wait for things to come. + +INTER. You say truth; "for the things that are seen soon pass away, but +the things that are not seen endure forever." + +Then I saw in my dream, that the Interpreter took Christian by the hand +and led him into a place where was a fire burning against a wall, and +one standing by it, always casting much water upon it, to quench it; yet +did the fire burn higher and hotter. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What means this?" + +INTER. The Interpreter answered, "This fire is the work of God that is +wrought in the heart: he that casts water upon it to extinguish and put +it out, is the devil; but, in that thou seest the fire notwithstanding +burn higher and hotter, thou shalt also see the reason of that." So +then he led him about to the other side of the wall, where he saw a man +with a vessel of oil in his hand, of the which he did also continually +cast, but secretly, into the fire. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What means this?" + +INTER. The Interpreter answered, "This is Christ, who continually, with +the oil of His grace, helps the work already begun in the heart; by the +means of which notwithstanding what the devil can do, the souls of His +people prove gracious still. And in that thou sawest that the man stood +behind the wall to keep up the fire; this is to teach thee, that it is +hard for the tempted to see how this work of grace is kept alive in the +soul." + +I saw also that the Interpreter took him again by the hand, and led him +into a pleasant place, where was built a stately palace, beautiful to +behold, at the sight of which Christian was greatly delighted. He saw +also upon the top thereof certain persons walking, who were clothed all +in gold. + +Then said Christian, "May we go in thither?" + +Then the Interpreter took him and led him up toward the door of the +palace; and behold, at the door stood a great company of men, as +desirous to go in, but durst not. There also sat a man at a little +distance from the door, at a table-side, with a book and his ink-horn +before him, to take the name of him that should enter therein; he saw +also that in the doorway stood many men in armor to keep it, being +resolved to do to the men that would enter what hurt and mischief they +could. Now was Christian somewhat in amaze. At last, when every man +started back for fear of the armed men, Christian saw a man of a very +stout countenance come up to the man that sat there to write, saying, +"Set down my name, sir:" the which when he had done, he saw the man draw +his sword, and put a helmet upon his head, and rush toward the door upon +the armed men, who laid upon him with deadly force; but the man, not at +all discouraged, fell to cutting and hacking most fiercely. So that, +after he had received and given many wounds to those that attempted to +keep him out, he cut his way through them all and pressed forward into +the palace; at which there was a pleasant voice heard from those that +were within, even of those that walked upon the top of the palace, +saying: + + "Come in, come in; + Eternal glory thou shalt win." + +So he went in, and was clothed in such garments as they. Then Christian +smiled, and said, "I think verily I know the meaning of this." + +"Now," said Christian, "let me go hence." "Nay, stay," said the +Interpreter, "until I have showed thee a little more; and after that +thou shalt go on thy way." So he took him by the hand again, and led him +into a very dark room, where there sat a man in an iron cage. + +Now, the man, to look on, seemed very sad. He sat with his eyes looking +down to the ground, his hands folded together; and he sighed as if he +would break his heart. Then said Christian, "What means this?" At which +the Interpreter bid him talk with the man. + +Then said Christian to the man, "What art thou?" The man answered, "I am +what I was not once." + +CHRIS. What wast thou once? + +MAN. The man said, "I was once a fair and flourishing Christian, both in +mine own eyes, and also in the eyes of others; I was once, as I thought, +fair for the Celestial City, and had even joy at the thoughts that I +should get thither." + +CHRIS. Well, but what art thou now? + +MAN. I am now a man of despair, and am shut up in it, as in this iron +cage. I cannot get out. Oh, _now_ I cannot! + +CHRIS. But how camest thou in this condition? + +MAN. I left off to watch and be sober. I gave free reins to sin; I +sinned against the light of the Word and the goodness of God; I have +grieved the Spirit, and He is gone; I tempted the devil, and he has come +to me; I have provoked God to anger, and He has left me; I have so +hardened my heart that I _cannot_ turn. + +Then said Christian to the Interpreter, "But are there no hopes for such +a man as this?" "Ask him," said the Interpreter. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "Is there no hope, but you must be kept in +the iron cage of despair?" + +MAN. No, none at all. + +CHRIS. Why? the Son of the Blessed is very pitiful. + +MAN. I have crucified Him to myself afresh. I have despised His person. +I have despised His holiness; I have counted His blood an unholy thing; +I have shown contempt to the Spirit of mercy. Therefore I have shut +myself out of all the promises of God, and there now remains to me +nothing but threatenings, dreadful threatenings, fearful threatenings of +certain judgment and fiery anger, which shall devour me as an enemy. + +CHRIS. For what did you bring yourself into this condition? + +MAN. For the desires, pleasures, and gains of this world; in the +enjoyment of which I did then promise myself much delight; but now every +one of those things also bite me, and gnaw me, like a burning worm. + +CHRIS. But canst thou not now turn again to God? + +MAN. God no longer invites me to come to Him. His Word gives me no +encouragement to believe; yea, Himself hath shut me up in this iron +cage; nor can all the men in the world let me out. O eternity! eternity! +how shall I grapple with the misery that I must meet with in eternity? + +INTER. Then said the Interpreter to Christian, "Let this man's misery be +remembered by thee, and be an everlasting caution to thee." + +[Sidenote: THE DREAM OF THE JUDGMENT] + +CHRIS. "Well," said Christian, "this is fearful! God help me to watch +and be sober, and to pray, that I may shun the cause of this man's +misery. Sir, is it not time for me to go on my way now?" + +INTER. Tarry till I show thee one thing more, and then thou shalt go on +thy way. + +So he took Christian by the hand again, and led him into a chamber, +where there was one rising out of bed; and, as he put on his clothing, +he shook and trembled. Then said Christian, "Why doth this man thus +tremble?" The Interpreter then bid him tell to Christian the reason of +his so doing. So he began, and said, "This night, as I was in my sleep, +I dreamed, and behold, the heavens grew exceeding black; also it +thundered and lightened in most fearful manner, that it put me into an +agony. So I looked up in my dream, and saw the clouds rack at an unusual +rate; upon which I heard a great sound of a trumpet, and saw also a Man +sitting upon a cloud, attended with the thousands of heaven; they were +all in flaming fire; also the heavens were in a burning flame. I heard +then a great voice saying, 'Arise, ye dead, and come to judgment.' And +with that the rocks rent, the graves opened, and the dead that were +therein came forth: some of them were exceeding glad, and looked upward; +and some thought to hide themselves under the mountains. Then I saw the +Man that sat upon the cloud open the book and bid the world draw near. +Yet there was, by reason of a fierce flame that issued out and came +before Him, a certain distance betwixt Him and them, as betwixt the +judge and the prisoners at the bar. I heard it also called out to them +that stood around on the Man that sat on the cloud, 'Gather together the +tares, the chaff, and stubble, and cast them into the burning lake. And, +with that, the bottomless pit opened, just whereabout I stood; out of +the mouth of which there came, in an abundant manner, smoke and coals of +fire, with hideous noises. It was also said to the same persons, 'Gather +my wheat into the garner.' And, with that, I saw many catched up and +carried away into the clouds; but I was left behind. I also sought to +hide myself, but I could not; for the Man that sat upon the cloud still +kept His eye upon me; my sins also came into my mind, and my conscience +did accuse me on every side. Upon this I awakened from my sleep." + +CHRIS. But what was it that made you so afraid of this sight? + +MAN. Why I thought that the day of judgment was come, and that I was not +ready for it. But this affrighted me most, that the angels gathered up +several, and left me behind; also the pit of hell opened her mouth just +where I stood. My conscience, too, troubled me; and, as I thought, the +judge had always His eye upon me, showing anger in His countenance. + +INTER. Then said the Interpreter to Christian, "Hast thou considered +these things?" + +CHRIS. Yes; and they put me in hope and fear. + +INTER. Well, keep all things so in thy mind, that they may be as a goad +in thy sides, to prick thee forward in the way thou must go. + +Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to address himself to his +journey. Then said the Interpreter, "The Comforter be always with thee, +good Christian, to guide thee into the way that leads to the city." + +So Christian went on his way, saying: + + "Here have I seen things rare and profitable; + Things pleasant, dreadful; things to make me stable + In what I have begun to take in hand: + Then let me think on them, and understand + Wherefore they showed me where; and let me be + Thankful, O good Interpreter, to thee." + + + + +CHAPTER III. + + +Now, I saw in my dream that the highway up which Christian was to go was +fenced on either side with a wall that was called Salvation. Up this +way, therefore, did burdened Christian run, but not without great +difficulty, because of the load on his back. + +He ran thus till he came to a place somewhat ascending; and upon that +place stood a Cross, and a little below, in the bottom, a tomb. So I saw +in my dream, that just as Christian came up with the cross, his burden +loosed from off his shoulders, and fell from off his back, and began to +tumble, and so continued to do till it came to the mouth of the tomb, +where it fell in, and I saw it no more. + +[Illustration: Christian Before the Cross. + Page 50] + +Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and said with a merry heart, "He +hath given me rest by His sorrow, and life by His death." Then he stood +still awhile to look and wonder; for it was very surprising to him that +the sight of the cross should thus ease him of his burden. He looked, +therefore, and looked again, even till the springs that were in his head +sent the water down his cheeks. Now, as he stood looking and weeping, +behold, three Shining Ones came to him, and saluted him with "Peace be +to thee." So the first said to him, "Thy sins be forgiven thee;" the +second stripped him of his rags, and clothed him with a change of +garments; the third also set a mark on his forehead, and gave him a roll +with a seal upon it, which he bade him look on as he ran, and that he +should give it in at the heavenly gate; so they went their way. Then +Christian gave three leaps for joy, and went on, singing: + + "Thus far did I come laden with my sin; + Nor could aught ease the grief that I was in, + Till I came hither; what a place is this! + Must here be the beginning of my bliss? + Must here the burden fall from off my back? + Must here the strings that bound it to me crack? + Blest cross! blest sepulchre! blest rather be + The Man that was there put to shame for me!" + +[Sidenote: SIMPLE, SLOTH, PRESUMPTION] + +I saw then in my dream that he went on thus, even until he came to the +bottom, where he saw, a little out of the way, three men fast asleep, +with fetters upon their heels. The name of one was Simple, of another +Sloth, and of the third Presumption. + +Christian, then, seeing them lie in this case, went to them, if perhaps +he might awake them, and cried, "You are like them that sleep on the top +of a mast; for the deep sea is under you, a gulf that hath no bottom: +awake, therefore, and come away; be willing, also, and I will help you +off with your irons." He also told them, "If he that goeth about like a +roaring lion comes by, you will certainly become a prey to his teeth." +With that they looked upon him, and began to reply in this sort: Simple +said, "I see no danger." Sloth said, "Yet a little more sleep." And +Presumption said, "Every tub must stand upon his own bottom." And so +they lay down to sleep again, and Christian went on his way. + +[Sidenote: FORMALIST AND HYPOCRISY] + +Yet was he troubled to think that men in that danger should so little +care for the kindness of him that so offered to help them, both by +awakening of them, advising them, and offering to help them off with +their irons. And, as he was troubled thereabout, he espied two men come +tumbling over the wall on the left hand of the narrow way; and they made +up apace to him. The name of one was Formalist, and the name of the +other was Hypocrisy. So, as I said, they drew up unto him, who thus +began talking with them: + +CHRIS. Gentlemen, whence came you, and whither go you? + +FORM. and HYP. We were born in the land of Vain-glory, and are going for +praise to Mount Zion. + +CHRIS. Why came you not in at the gate which standeth at the beginning +of the way? Know ye not that it is written, "He that cometh not in by +the door, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and a +robber?" + +FORM. and HYP. They said that to go to the gate for entrance was, by all +their countrymen, counted too far about; and that therefore their usual +way was to make a short cut of it, and to climb over the wall as they +had done. + +CHRIS. But will it not be counted a trespass against the Lord of the +city whither we are bound, thus to disobey His will? + +FORM. and HYP. They told him, that as for that, he needed not trouble +his head thereabout; for what they did they had custom for, and could +show, if need were, testimony that could prove it for more than a +thousand years. + +CHRIS. "But," said Christian, "will it stand a trial at law?" + +FORM. and HYP. They told him that custom, it being of so long standing +as above a thousand years, would doubtless now be admitted as a thing +according to law by a fair judge. "And besides," said they, "if we get +into the way, what matter is it which way we may get in? If we are in, +we are in: thou art but in the way, who, as we perceive, came in at the +gate; and we are also in the way, that came tumbling over the wall: +wherein, now, is thy condition better than ours?" + +CHRIS. I walk by the rule of my Master; you walk by the rude working +of your fancies. You are counted thieves already by the Lord of the way; +therefore I doubt you will not be found true men at the end of the way. +You come in by yourselves without His word, and shall go out by +yourselves without His mercy. + +To this they made him but little answer; only they bid him look to +himself. Then I saw that they went on every man in his way, without much +talking one with another; save that these two men told Christian, that, +as to law and rules, they doubted not but that they should as carefully +do them as he. "Therefore," said they, "we see not wherein thou +differest from us, but by the coat which is on thy back, which was, as +we believe given thee by some of thy neighbors to hide the shame of thy +nakedness." + +CHRIS. By laws and rules you will not be saved, since you came not in by +the door. And as for this coat that is on my back, it was given to me by +the Lord of the place whither I go; and that, as you say, to cover my +nakedness with. And I take it as a token of His kindness to me; for I +had nothing but rags before. And besides, thus I comfort myself as I go. +Surely, think I, when I come to the gate of the city, the Lord thereof +will know me for good, since I have His coat on my back; a coat that He +gave me freely in the day that He stripped me of my rags. I have +moreover, a mark in my forehead, of which perhaps you have taken no +notice, which one of my Lord's most intimate friends fixed there the day +that my burden fell off my shoulders. I will tell you, moreover, that I +had then given me a roll sealed, to comfort me by reading as I go in the +way; I was also bid to give it in at the heavenly gate, in token of my +certain going in after it; all which things, I doubt, you want, and want +them because you came not in at the gate. + +To these things they gave him no answer; only they looked upon each +other, and laughed. Then I saw that they went on all, save that +Christian kept before, who had no more talk but with himself, and +sometimes sighingly, and sometimes comfortably; also he would be often +reading in the roll that one of the Shining Ones gave him, by which he +was refreshed. + +[Sidenote: THE HILL OF DIFFICULTY] + +I beheld then that they all went on till they came to the foot of the +Hill Difficulty, at the bottom of which was a spring. There were also in +the same place two other ways, besides that which came straight from the +gate; one turned to the left hand, and the other to the right, at the +bottom of the hill; but the narrow way lay right up the hill, and the +name of that going up the side of the hill is called Difficulty. +Christian now went to the spring, and drank thereof to refresh himself, +and then began to go up the hill, saying: + + "The hill, though high, I covet to ascend; + The difficulty will not me offend, + For I perceive the way to life lies here. + Come, pluck up, heart, let's neither faint nor fear. + Better, though _difficult_, the right way to go, + Than wrong, though _easy_, where the end is woe." + +The other two also came to the foot of the hill. But when they saw that +the hill was steep and high, and that there were two other ways to go; +and supposing also that these two ways might meet again with that up +which Christian went, on the other side of the hill; therefore they were +resolved to go in those ways. Now, the name of one of those ways was +Danger, and the name of the other Destruction. So the one took the way +which is called Danger, which led him into a great wood; and the other +took directly up the way to destruction, which led him into a wide +field, full of dark mountains, where he stumbled and fell, and rose no +more. + +I looked then after Christian, to see him go up the hill, where I +perceived he fell from running to going, and from going to clambering +upon his hands and his knees, because of the steepness of the place. +Now, about the midway to the top of the hill was a pleasant arbor, made +by the Lord of the hill for the refreshment of weary travelers. Thither, +therefore, Christian got, where also he sat down to rest him; then he +pulled his roll out of his bosom, and read therein to his comfort; he +also now began afresh to take a review of the coat or garment that was +given him as he stood by the cross. Thus pleasing himself a while, he at +last fell into a slumber, and thence into a fast sleep, which detained +him in that place until it was almost night; and in his sleep his roll +fell out of his hand. Now, as he was sleeping, there came one to him, +and awaked him, saying, "Go to the ant, thou sluggard;[3] consider her +ways, and be wise." And, with that, Christian suddenly started up, and +sped on his way, and went apace till he came to the top of the hill. + + [3] Idle one. + +[Sidenote: TIMOROUS AND MISTRUST] + +Now, when he was got up to the top of the hill, there came two men +running amain: the name of the one was Timorous, and of the other +Mistrust; to whom Christian said, "Sirs, what's the matter? You run the +wrong way." Timorous answered, that they were going to the city of Zion, +and had got up that difficult place: "but," said he, "the farther we go, +the more danger we meet with; wherefore we turned, and are going back +again." + +"Yes," said Mistrust, "for just before us lie a couple of lions in the +way, whether sleeping or waking we know not; and we could not think, if +we came within reach, but they would presently pull us in pieces." + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "You make me afraid; but whither shall I fly +to be safe? If I go back to my own country, that is prepared for fire +and brimstone, and I shall certainly perish there; if I can get to the +Celestial City, I am sure to be in safety there: I must venture. To go +back is nothing but death; to go forward is fear of death, and life +everlasting beyond it. I will yet go forward." So Mistrust and Timorous +ran down the hill, and Christian went on his way. But, thinking again of +what he heard from the men, he felt in his bosom for his roll, and found +it not. Then was Christian in great distress, and knew not what to do; +for he wanted that which used to comfort him, and that which should have +been his pass into the Celestial City. Here, therefore, he began to be +greatly troubled, and knew not what to do. At last he bethought himself +that he had slept in the arbor that is on the side of the hill; and, +falling down upon his knees, he asked God's forgiveness for that his +foolish act, and then went back to look for his roll. But all the way he +went back, who can sufficiently set forth the sorrow of Christian's +heart? Sometimes he sighed, sometimes he wept, and oftentimes he blamed +himself for being so foolish to fall asleep in that place, which was +erected only for a little refreshment from his weariness. Thus, +therefore, he went back, carefully looking on this side and on that, all +the way as he went, if happily he might find his roll that had been his +comfort so many times in his journey. He went thus till he came again +within sight of the arbor where he sat and slept; but that sight renewed +his sorrow the more, by bringing again, even afresh, his evil of +sleeping into his mind. Thus, therefore, he now went on, bewailing his +sinful sleep, saying, "O wretched man that I am, that I should sleep in +the day-time; that I should sleep in the midst of difficulty! that I +should so indulge myself, as to use that rest for ease to my flesh which +the Lord of the hill hath builded only for the relief of the spirits of +pilgrims! How many steps have I taken in vain! Thus it happened to +Israel; for their sin they were sent back again by the way of the Red +Sea; and I am made to tread those steps with sorrow which I might have +trod with delight, had it not been for this sinful sleep. How far might +I have been on my way by this time! I am made to tread those steps +thrice over which I needed not to have trod but once; yea, also, now I +am like to be benighted, for the day is almost spent. Oh that I had not +slept!" + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN RECOVERS HIS ROLL] + +Now, by this time he was come to the arbor again, where for awhile he +sat down and wept; but at last (as Providence would have it), looking +sorrowfully down under the settle, there he espied his roll, the which +he, with trembling and haste, caught up, and put it into his bosom. But +who can tell how joyful this man was when he had got his roll again? for +this roll was the assurance of his life and acceptance at the desired +haven. Therefore he laid it up in his bosom, giving thanks to God for +directing his eye to the place where it lay, and with joy and tears +betook himself again to his journey. But oh, how nimbly now did he go up +the rest of the hill! Yet, before he got up, the sun went down upon +Christian; and this made him again recall the folly of his sleeping to +his remembrance; and thus he began again to condole with himself, "Oh, +thou sinful sleep! how for thy sake am I like to be benighted in my +journey. I must walk without the sun, darkness must cover the path of my +feet, and I must hear the noise of the doleful creatures, because of my +sinful sleep." Now also he remembered the story that Mistrust and +Timorous told him, of how they were frighted with the sight of the +lions. Then said Christian to himself again, "These beasts range in the +night for their prey; and if they should meet with me in the dark, how +should I avoid them? how should I escape being torn in pieces?" Thus he +went on his way. But, while he was thus bewailing his unhappy mistake, +he lifted up his eyes, and behold there was a very stately palace before +him, the name of which was Beautiful, and it stood just by the highway +side. + +[Sidenote: WATCHFUL THE PORTER] + +So I saw in my dream that he made haste, and went forward, that, if +possible, he might get lodging there. Now, before he had gone far, he +entered into a very narrow passage, which was about a furlong off the +Porter's lodge; and looking very narrowly before him as he went, he +espied two lions in the way. Now, thought he, I see the dangers by which +Mistrust and Timorous were driven back. (The lions were chained, but he +saw not the chains). Then he was afraid, and thought also himself to go +back after them; for he thought nothing but death was before him. But +the Porter at the lodge, whose name is Watchful, perceiving that +Christian made a halt as if he would go back, cried out unto him, +saying, "Is thy strength so small? fear not the lions, for they are +chained, and are placed there for the trial of faith where it is, and +for the finding out of those that have none: keep in the midst of the +path, and no hurt shall come unto thee." + +Then I saw that he went on trembling for fear of the lions; but, taking +good heed to the words of the Porter, he heard them roar, but they did +him no harm. Then he clapped his hands, and went on till he came and +stood before the gate where the Porter was. Then said Christian to the +Porter, "Sir, what house is this? and may I lodge here to-night?" + +The Porter answered, "This house was built by the Lord of the hill, and +He built it for the relief and security of pilgrims." The Porter also +asked whence he was, and whither he was going. + +CHRIS. I am come from the City of Destruction, and am going to Mount +Zion; but, because the sun is now set, I desire, if I may, to lodge here +to-night. + +PORT. What is your name? + +CHRIS. My name is now Christian, but my name at the first was Graceless. + +PORT. But how doth it happen that you come so late? The sun is set. + +CHRIS. I had been here sooner, but that, wretched man that I am, I slept +in the arbor that stands on the hill-side. Nay, I had, notwithstanding +that, been here much sooner, but that in my sleep I lost my roll, and +came without it to the brow of the hill; and then, feeling for it and +finding it not, I was forced with sorrow of heart to go back to the +place where I slept my sleep, where I found it; and now I am come. + +PORT. Well, I will call out one of the women of this place, who will, if +she likes your talk, bring you in to the rest of the family, according +to the rules of the house. + +So Watchful the Porter rang a bell, at the sound of which came out of +the door of the house a grave and beautiful young woman, named +Discretion, and asked why she was called. + +The Porter answered, "This man is on a journey from the City of +Destruction to Mount Zion; but, being weary and benighted, he asked me +if he might lodge here to-night; so I told him I would call for thee, +who, after speaking with him, mayest do as seemeth thee good, even +according to the law of the house." + +[Sidenote: PIETY, PRUDENCE, CHARITY] + +Then she asked him whence he was, and whither he was going; and he told +her. She asked him also how he got into the way; and he told her. Then +she asked him what he had seen and met with on the way; and he told her. +And at last she asked his name. So he said, "It is Christian; and I have +so much the more a desire to lodge here to-night, because, by what I +perceive, this place was built by the Lord of the hill for the relief +and safety of pilgrims." So she smiled, but the water stood in her eyes; +and after a little pause, she said, "I will call forth two or three of +my family." So she ran to the door, and called out Prudence, Piety, and +Charity, who, after a little more discourse with him brought him in to +the family; and many of them, meeting him at the threshold of the house, +said, "Come in, thou blessed of the Lord: this house was built by the +Lord of the hill on purpose to entertain such pilgrims in." Then he +bowed his head, and followed them into the house. So, when he was come +in and sat down, they gave him something to drink, and agreed together, +that, until supper was ready, some of them should talk with Christian, +for the best use of the time; and they appointed Piety, Prudence, and +Charity to talk with him; and thus they began: + +PIETY. Come, good Christian since we have been so loving to you to +receive you into our house this night, let us, if perhaps we may better +ourselves thereby, talk with you of all things that have happened to you +in your pilgrimage. + +CHRIS. With a very good will, and I am glad that you are so well +disposed. + +PIETY. What moved you at first to betake yourself to a pilgrim's life? + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN'S ADVENTURES] + +CHRIS. I was driven out of my native country by a dreadful sound that +was in mine ears; to wit, that certain destruction did await me, if I +abode in that place where I was. + +PIETY. But how did it happen that you came out of your country this way? + +CHRIS. It was as God would have it; for, when I was under the fears of +destruction, I did not know whither to go; but by chance there came a +man even to me, as I was trembling and weeping, whose name is +Evangelist, and he directed me to the wicket-gate, which else I should +never have found, and so set me in the way that hath led me directly to +this house. + +PIETY. But did you not come by the house of the Interpreter? + +CHRIS. Yes, and did see such things there, the remembrance of which will +stick by me as long as I live, especially three things; to wit, how +Christ, in despite of Satan, the Evil One maintains His work of grace +in the heart; how the man had sinned himself quite out of hopes of God's +mercy; and also the dream of him that thought in his sleep the day of +judgment was come. + +PIETY. Why? did you hear him tell his dream? + +CHRIS. Yes, and a dreadful one it was, I thought it made my heart ache +as he was telling of it; but yet I am glad I heard of it. + +PIETY. Was that all you saw at the house of the Interpreter? + +CHRIS. No; he took me, and had me where he showed me a stately palace; +and how the people were clad in gold that were in it; and how there came +a venturous man, and cut his way through the armed men that stood in the +door to keep him out; and how he was bid to come in and win eternal +glory. Methought those things did delight my heart. I would have stayed +at that good man's house a twelvemonth, but that I knew I had farther to +go. + +PIETY. And what saw you else in the way? + +CHRIS. Saw? Why, I went but a little farther, and I saw One, as I +thought in my mind, hang bleeding upon a tree; and the very sight of Him +made my burden fall off my back; for I groaned under a very heavy +burden, and then it fell down from off me. It was a strange thing to me, +for I never saw such a thing before; yea, and while I stood looking up +(for then I could not forbear looking), three Shining Ones came to me. +One of them told me that my sins were forgiven me; another stripped me +of my rags, and gave me this broidered coat which you see; and the third +set the mark which you see in my forehead, and gave me this sealed roll. +(And, with that, he plucked it out of his bosom.) + +PIETY. But you saw more than this, did you not? + +CHRIS. The things that I have told you were the best; yet some other +matters I saw; as namely I saw three men, Simple, Sloth, and +Presumption, lie asleep, a little out of the way as I came, with irons +upon their heels; but do you think I could wake them? I also saw +Formalist and Hypocrisy come tumbling over the wall, to go, as they +pretended, to Zion; but they were quickly lost, even as I myself did +tell them, but they would not believe. But, above all, I found it hard +work to get up this hill, and as hard to come by the lions' mouths; and +truly, if it had not been for the good man the Porter, that stands at +the gate, I do not know but that, after all, I might have gone back +again; but now I thank God I am here, and I thank you for receiving of +me. + +Then Prudence thought good to ask him a few questions, and desired his +answer to them. + +PRU. Do you think sometimes of the country from whence you came? + +CHRIS. Yes, but with much shame and detestation. Truly, if I had been +mindful of that country from whence I came out, I might have had an +opportunity to have returned; but now I desire a better country, that +is, a heavenly one. + +PRU. Do you not yet bear away with you in your thoughts some of the +things that you did in the former time? + +CHRIS. Yes, but greatly against my will; especially my inward and sinful +thoughts, with which all my countrymen, as well as myself, were +delighted. But now all those things are my grief; and, might I but +choose mine own things, I would choose never to think of those things +more; but when I would be doing that which is best, that which is worst +is with me. + +PRU. Do you not find sometimes as if those things were overcome, which +at other times are your trouble? + +CHRIS. Yes, but that is but seldom; but they are to me golden hours in +which such things happen to me. + +PRU. Can you remember by what means you find your annoyances, at times, +as if they were overcome? + +CHRIS. Yes; when I think what I saw at the cross, that will do it; and +when I look upon my broidered coat, that will do it; also when I look +into the roll that I carry in my bosom, that will do it; and when my +thoughts wax warm about whither I am going, that will do it. + +PRU. And what makes you so desirous to go to Mount Zion? + +CHRIS. Why, there I hope to see Him alive that did hang dead on the +cross; and there I hope to be rid of all these things that to this day +are in me an annoyance to me. There, they say, there is no death; and +there I shall dwell with such company as I like best. For, to tell you +the truth, I love Him because I was by Him eased of my burden; and I am +weary of my inward sickness. I would fain be where I shall die no more, +and with the company that shall continually cry, "Holy, holy, holy!" + +[Sidenote: CHARITY TALKS WITH CHRISTIAN] + +CHAR. Then said Charity to Christian, "Have you a family? are you a +married man?" + +CHRIS. I have a wife and four small children. + +CHAR. And why did you not bring them along with you? + +CHRIS. Then Christian wept, and said, "Oh, how willingly would I have +done it! but they were all of them utterly against my going on +pilgrimage." + +CHAR. But you should have talked to them, and endeavored to have shown +them the danger of staying behind. + +CHRIS. So I did, and told them also what God had shown to me of the +destruction of our city; but I seemed to them as one that mocked, and +they believed me not. + +CHAR. And did you pray to God that He would bless your words to them? + +CHRIS. Yes, and that with much affection; for you must think that my +wife and poor children are very dear unto me. + +CHAR. But did you tell them of your own sorrow and fear of destruction? +for I suppose that you could see your destruction before you. + +CHRIS. Yes, over, and over, and over. They might also see my fears in my +countenance, in my tears, and also in my trembling under the fear of the +judgment that did hang over our heads: but all was not enough to prevail +with them to come with me. + +CHAR. But what could they say for themselves why they came not? + +CHRIS. Why, my wife was afraid of losing this world, and my children +were given to the foolish delights of youth; so, what by one thing, and +what by another, they left me to wander in this manner alone. + +CHAR. But did you not, with your vain life, hinder all that you by words +used by way of persuasion to bring them away with you? + +CHRIS. Indeed, I cannot commend my life, for I am conscious to myself of +many failings therein. I know also, that a man, by his actions may soon +overthrow what, by proofs or persuasion, he doth labor to fasten upon +others for their good. Yet this I can say, I was very wary of giving +them occasion, by any unseemly action, to make them averse to going on +pilgrimage. Yea, for this very thing they would tell me I was too +precise, and that I denied myself of things (for their sakes) in which +they saw no evil. Nay, I think I may say that, if what they saw in me +did hinder them, it was my great tenderness in sinning against God, or +of doing any wrong to my neighbor. + +CHAR. Indeed, Cain hated his brother because his own works were evil, +and his brother's righteous; and, if thy wife and children have been +offended with thee for this, they thereby show themselves to be +resolutely opposed to good: thou hast freed thy soul from their blood. + +Now I saw in my dream, that thus they sat talking together till supper +was ready. So, when they had made ready, they sat down to meat. Now, the +table was furnished with fat things, and wine that was well refined; and +all their talk at the table was about the Lord of the hill; as, namely, +about what He had done, and wherefore He did what He did, and why He had +builded that house; and by what they said, I perceived that He had been +a great warrior, and had fought with and slain him that had the power of +death, but not without great danger to Himself, which made me love Him +the more. + +For, as they said, and as I believe (said Christian), He did it with the +loss of much blood. But that which puts the glory of grace into all He +did, was, that He did it out of pure love to this country. And, besides, +there were some of them of the household that said they had seen and +spoken with Him since He did die on the cross; and they have declared +that they had it from His own lips, that He is such a lover of poor +pilgrims, that the like is not to be found from the east to the west. +They moreover gave an instance of what they affirmed; and that was, He +had stripped Himself of His glory, that He might do this for the poor; +and that they had heard Him say and affirm that He would not dwell in +the mountains of Zion alone. They said, moreover, that He had made many +pilgrims princes, though by nature they were beggars born, and their +home had been the dunghill. + +Thus they talked together till late at night; and after they had +committed themselves to their Lord for protection, they betook +themselves to rest. The Pilgrim they laid in a large upper chamber, +whose window opened towards the sunrising. The name of the chamber was +Peace, where he slept till break of day, and then he awoke and sang: + + "Where am I now? Is this the love and care + Of Jesus, for the men that pilgrims are, + Thus to provide that I should be forgiven, + And dwell already the next door to heaven?" + +[Sidenote: THE VIRGINS READ TO CHRISTIAN] + +So in the morning they all got up; and after some more talking together, +they told him that he should not depart till they had shown him the +rarities of that place. And first they took him into the study, where +they showed him records of the greatest age; in which, as I remember in +my dream, they showed him first the history of the Lord of the hill, +that He was the son of the Ancient of Days, and had lived from the +beginning. Here also were more fully written the acts that He had done, +and the names of many hundreds that He had taken into his service; and +how he had placed them in such houses that could neither by length of +days nor decays of nature be destroyed. + +Then they read to him some of the worthy acts that some of His servants +had done; as, how they had conquered kingdoms, wrought righteousness, +obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the violence of +fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong, +waxed valiant in fight, and turned to flight the armies of the enemies. + +They then read again in another part of the records of the house, where +it was shown how willing their Lord was to receive into His favor any +even any, though they in time past had done great wrongs to His person +and rule. Here also were several other histories of many other famous +things, of all which Christian had a view; as of things both ancient and +modern, together with prophecies and foretellings of things that surely +come to pass, both to the dread and wonder of enemies, and the comfort +and happiness of pilgrims. + +The next day they took him and led him into the armory, where they +showed him all manner of weapons which their Lord had provided for +pilgrims; as sword, shield, helmet, breast-plate, all-prayer, and shoes +that would not wear out. And there was here enough of this to harness +out as many men for the service of their Lord as there be stars in the +heaven for multitude. + +They also showed him some of the things with which some of His servants +had done wonderful things. They showed him Moses' rod; the hammer and +nail with which Jael slew Sisera; the pitchers, trumpets, and lamps too, +with which Gideon put to flight the armies of Midian. Then they showed +him the ox's goad wherewith Shamgar slew six hundred men. They showed +him also the jaw-bone with which Samson did such mighty feats. They +showed him, moreover, the sling and stone with which David slew Goliath +of Gath, and the sword also with which their Lord will kill the Man of +Sin, in the day that He shall rise up to the battle. They showed him, +besides, many excellent things, with which Christian was much delighted. +This done, they went to their rest again. + +Then I saw in my dream that on the morrow he got up to go forward, but +they desired him to stay till the next day also; "and then," said they, +"we will, if the day be clear, show you the Delectable Mountains;" which +they said would yet further add to his comfort, because they were nearer +the desired haven than the place where at present he was. So he +consented and stayed. When the morning was up, they led him to the top +of the house, and bid him look south. So he did, and behold, at a great +distance he saw a most pleasant mountainous country, beautified with +woods, vineyards, fruits of all sorts, flowers also, with springs and +fountains, very lovely to behold. Then he asked the name of the country. +They said it was Immanuel's Land; "and it is as common," said they, "as +this hill is, to and for all the pilgrims. And when thou comest there, +from thence thou mayest see to the gate of the Celestial City, as the +shepherds that live there will make appear." + +Now he bethought himself of setting forward, and they were willing he +should. "But first," said they, "let us go again into the armory." So +they did; and when he came there, they dressed him from head to foot +with armor of proof, lest perhaps he should meet with assaults in the +way. He being, therefore, thus armed, walked out with his friends to the +gate; and there he asked the Porter if he saw any pilgrim pass by. Then +the Porter answered, "Yes." + +CHRIS. "Pray, did you know him?" said he. + +PORT. I asked his name, and he told me it was Faithful. + +CHRIS. "Oh," said Christian, "I know him, he is my townsman, my near +neighbor; he comes from the place where I was born. How far do you think +he may be before?" + +PORT. He has got by this time below the hill. + +CHRIS. "Well," said Christian, "good Porter, the Lord be with thee, and +add to all thy blessings much increase for the kindness thou has shown +to me!" + +Then he began to go forward; but Discretion, Piety, Charity, and +Prudence would accompany him down to the foot of the hill. So they went +on together repeating their former discourses, till they came to go down +the hill. Then said Christian, "As it was difficult coming up, so far so +as I can see, it is dangerous going down." "Yes," said Prudence, "so it +is; for it is a hard matter for a man to go down the Valley of +Humiliation, as thou art now, and to catch no slip by the way; +therefore," said they, "are we come out to accompany thee down the +hill." So he began to go down, but very warily; yet he caught a slip or +two. + +Then I saw in my dream that these good companions, when Christian was +gone down to the bottom of the hill, gave him a loaf of bread, a bottle +of wine, and a cluster of raisins; and then he went his way. + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + + +But now, in this Valley of Humiliation, poor Christian was hard put to +it; for he had gone but a little way before he espied a foul fiend +coming over the field to meet him: his name is Apollyon. Then did +Christian begin to be afraid, and to cast in his mind whether to go back +or to stand his ground. But he considered again that he had no armor for +his back, and therefore thought that to turn the back to him might give +him greater advantage with ease to pierce him with darts; therefore he +resolved to venture and stand his ground; for, thought he, had I no more +in mine eye than the saving of my life, it would be the best way to +stand. So he went on, and Apollyon met him. Now, the monster was hideous +to behold: he was clothed with scales like a fish, and they are his +pride; he had wings like a dragon, and feet like a bear, and out of his +belly came fire and smoke; and his mouth was as the mouth of a lion. +When he was come up to Christian, he beheld him with a disdainful +countenance, and thus began to question with him: + +[Sidenote: APOLLYON STAYS CHRISTIAN] + +APOLLYON. Whence come you, and whither are you bound? + +CHRIS. I am come from the City of Destruction, which is the place of all +evil, and am going to the City of Zion. + +APOL. By this I perceive that thou art one of my subjects; for all that +country is mine, and I am the prince and God of it. How is it then that +thou hast run away from thy king? Were it not that I hope that thou +mayest do me more service, I would strike thee now at one blow to the +ground. + +CHRIS. I was indeed born in your kingdom; but your service was hard, and +your wages such as a man could not live on; for the wages of sin is +death; therefore, when I was come to years, I did as other thoughtful +persons do, look out, if perhaps I might mend myself. + +APOL. There is no prince that will thus lightly lose his subjects, +neither will I as yet lose thee; but, since thou complainest of thy +service and wages, be content to go back, and what our country will +afford I do here promise to give thee. + +CHRIS. But I have let myself to another, even to the King of princes; +and how can I with fairness go back with thee? + +APOL. Thou hast done in this according to the proverb, "changed a bad +for a worse;" but it is common for those that have called themselves His +servants, after awhile to give Him the slip, and return again to me. Do +thou so too, and all shall be well. + +CHRIS. I have given Him my faith, and sworn my service to Him; how, +then, can I go back from this, and not be hanged as a traitor? + +APOL. Thou didst the same to me, and yet I am willing to pass by all, +if now thou wilt yet turn again and go back. + +CHRIS. What I promised thee was in my youth, and besides, I count that +the Prince under whose banner I now stand is able to set me free, yea, +and to pardon also what I did as to my service with thee. And besides, O +thou destroying Apollyon, to speak the truth, I like His service, His +wages, His servants, His government, His company, and country, better +than thine; therefore leave off to persuade me further: I am His +servant, and I will follow Him. + +APOL. Consider again when thou art in cold blood, what thou art likely +to meet with in the way that thou goest. Thou knowest that for the most +part His servants come to an ill end, because they are disobedient +against me and my ways. How many of them have been put to shameful +deaths! And besides, thou countest His service better than mine; whereas +He never came yet from the place where He is, to deliver any that served +Him out of their hands; but as for me, how many times, as all the world +very well knows, have I delivered, either by power or fraud, those that +have faithfully served me, from Him and His, though taken by them! And +so I will deliver thee. + +CHRIS. His forbearing at present to deliver them is on purpose to try +their love, whether they will cleave to Him to the end; and, as for the +ill end thou sayest they come to, that is most glorious in their +account. For, for present deliverance, they do not much expect it; for +they stay for their glory, and then they shall have it when their prince +comes in His and the glory of the angels. + +APOL. Thou hast already been unfaithful in thy service to Him; and how +dost thou think to receive wages of Him? + +CHRIS. Wherein, O Apollyon, have I been unfaithful to Him? + +APOL. Thou didst faint at first setting out, when thou wast almost +choked in the Gulf of Despond. Thou didst attempt wrong ways to be rid +of thy burden, whereas thou shouldst have stayed till thy Prince had +taken it off. Thou didst sinfully sleep and lose thy choice things. Thou +wast almost persuaded to go back at the sight of the lions. And when +thou talkest of thy journey, and of what thou hast seen and heard, thou +art inwardly desirous of glory to thyself in all that thou sayest or +doest. + +CHRIS. All this is true, and much more which thou hast left out; but the +Prince whom I serve and honor is merciful and ready to forgive. But +besides, these infirmities possessed me in thy own country; for there I +sucked them in, and I have groaned under them, been sorry for them, and +have obtained pardon of my Prince. + +APOL. Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous rage, saying, "I am an +enemy to this Prince; I hate His person, His laws, and people. I am come +out on purpose to withstand thee." + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN THE CONQUEROR] + +CHRIS. Apollyon, beware what you do, for I am in the King's highway, +the way of holiness: therefore take heed to yourself. + +APOL. Then Apollyon straddled quite over the whole breadth of the way, +and said, "I am void of fear in this matter. Prepare thyself to die; for +I swear by my infernal den, that thou shalt go no farther: here will I +spill thy soul." And, with that, he threw a flaming dart at his breast; +but Christian held a shield in his hand, with which he caught, and so +prevented the danger of that. + +Then did Christian draw, for he saw it was time to bestir him; and +Apollyon as fast made at him, throwing darts as thick as hail, by the +which, notwithstanding all that Christian could do to avoid it, Apollyon +wounded him in his head, his hand, and foot. This made Christian give a +little back; Apollyon, therefore, followed his work amain, and Christian +again took courage, and resisted as manfully as he could. This sore +combat lasted for above half a day, even till Christian was almost quite +spent. For you must know that Christian, by reason of his wounds, must +needs grow weaker and weaker. + +Then Apollyon, espying his opportunity, began to gather up close to +Christian, and, wrestling with him, gave him a dreadful fall; and, with +that, Christian's sword flew out of his hand. Then said Apollyon, "I am +sure of thee now." And, with that, he had almost pressed him to death, +so that Christian began to despair of life. But, as God would have it, +while Apollyon was fetching his last blow, thereby to make a full end +of this good man, Christian nimbly reached out his hand for his sword, +and caught it, saying, "Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy: when I +fall I shall arise;" and, with that, gave him a deadly thrust, which +made him give back, as one that had received his mortal wound. +Christian, perceiving that, made at him again, saying, "Nay, in all +these things we are more than conquerors through Him that loved us." +And, with that, Apollyon spread forth his dragon's wings, and sped him +away, that Christian for a season saw him no more. + +In this combat no man can imagine, unless he had seen and heard, as I +did, what yelling and hideous roaring Apollyon made all the time of the +fight: he spake like a dragon; and, on the other side, what sighs and +groans burst from Christian's heart. I never saw him all the while give +so much as one pleasant look, till he perceived he had wounded Apollyon +with his two-edged sword; then, indeed, he did smile and look upward; +but it was the dreadfullest sight that ever I saw. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN GIVES THANKS] + +CHRIS. So, when the battle was over, Christian said, "I will here give +thanks to Him that hath delivered me out of the mouth of the lion; to +Him that did help me against Apollyon." And so he did, saying: + + "Great Satan, the captain of this fiend, + Designed my ruin; therefore to this end + He sent him harnessed out: and he with rage + That hellish was, did fiercely me engage; + But blessed angels helped me; and I, + By dint of sword, did quickly make him fly: + Therefore to God let me give lasting praise, + And thank and bless His holy name always." + +Then there came to him a hand with some of the leaves of the tree of +life; the which Christian took, and laid upon the wounds that he had +received in the battle, and was healed immediately. He also sat down in +that place to eat bread, and to drink of the bottle that was given to +him a little before: so, being refreshed, he went forth on his journey, +with his sword drawn in his hand; "For," he said, "I know not but some +other enemy may be at hand." But he met with no other harm from Apollyon +quite through this valley. + +Now, at the end of this valley was another, called the Valley of the +Shadow of Death; and Christian must needs go through it, because the way +to the Celestial City lay through the midst of it. Now this valley is a +very solitary place; the prophet Jeremiah thus describes it: "A +wilderness, a land of deserts and pits, a land of drought, and of the +shadow of death, a land that no man" but a Christian "passeth through, +and where no man dwelt." + +Now here Christian was worse put to it than in his fight with Apollyon, +as in the story you shall see. + +I saw then in my dream, that when Christian was got to the borders of +the Shadow of Death, there met him two men, children of them that +brought up an evil report of the good land, making haste to go back; to +whom Christian spake as follows: + +CHRIS. Whither are you going? + +MEN. They said, "Back, back! and we would have you to do so too, if +either life or peace is prized by you." + +CHRIS. "Why, what's the matter?" said Christian. + +MEN. "Matter!" said they: "we were going that way as you are going, and +went as far as we durst: and indeed we were almost past coming back; for +had we gone a little farther, we had not been here to bring the news to +thee." + +CHRIS. "But what have you met with?" said Christian. + +MEN. Why, we were almost in the Valley of the Shadow of Death, but that +by good hap we looked before us, and saw the danger before we came to +it. + +CHRIS. "But what have you seen?" said Christian. + +MEN. Seen! why, the valley itself, which is as dark as pitch: we also +saw there the hobgoblins, satyrs, and dragons of the pit; we heard also +in that valley a continual howling and yelling, as of a people under +unutterable misery, who there sat bound in affliction and irons; and +over that hung the discouraging clouds of confusion; Death also does +always spread his wings over it. In a word, it is every whit dreadful, +being utterly without order. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "I perceive not yet, by what you have said, +but that this is my way to the desired haven." + +MEN. Be it thy way, we will not choose it for ours. + +So they parted, and Christian went on his way, but still with his sword +drawn in his hand, for fear lest he should be attacked. + +I saw then in my dream, as far as this valley reached, there was on the +right hand a very deep ditch; that ditch is it into which the blind have +led the blind in all ages, and have both there miserably perished. +Again, behold, on the left hand there was a very dangerous quag, or +marsh, into which, if even a good man falls, he finds no bottom for his +foot to stand on: into that quag King David once did fall, and had no +doubt there been smothered, had not He that is able plucked him out. + +The pathway was here also exceedingly narrow, and therefore good +Christian was the more put to it; for when he sought, in the dark, to +shun the ditch, on the one hand he was ready to tip over into the mire +on the other; also when he sought to escape the mire, without great +carefulness he would be ready to fall into the ditch. Thus he went on, +and I heard him here sigh bitterly, for besides the danger mentioned +above, the pathway was here so dark, that ofttimes, when he lifted up +his foot to go forward, he knew not where or upon what he should set it +next. + +[Sidenote: A COMPANY OF FIENDS] + +About the midst of this valley I perceived the mouth of hell to be, and +it stood also hard by the wayside. Now, thought Christian, what shall I +do? And ever and anon the flame and smoke would come out in such +abundance, with sparks and hideous noises (things that cared not for +Christian's sword, as did Apollyon before), that he was forced to put up +his sword, and betake himself to another weapon, called "All-Prayer." So +he cried in my hearing, "O Lord, I beseech Thee, deliver my soul." Thus +he went on a great while, yet still the flames would be reaching towards +him; also he heard doleful voices, and rushings to and fro, so that +sometimes he thought he should be torn in pieces, or trodden down like +mire in the streets. This frightful sight was seen, and those dreadful +noises were heard by him, for several miles together, and, coming to a +place where he thought he heard a company of fiends coming forward to +meet him, he stopped, and began to muse what he had best to do. +Sometimes he had half a thought to go back; then again he thought he +might be half-way through the valley. He remembered, also, how he had +already vanquished many a danger, and that the danger of going back +might be much more than going forward. So he resolved to go on; yet the +fiends seemed to come nearer and nearer. But, when they were come even +almost at him, he cried out with a most vehement voice, "I will walk in +the strength of the Lord God." So they gave back, and came no farther. + +[Sidenote: VALLEY OF SHADOW OF DEATH] + +One thing I would not let slip: I took notice that now poor Christian +was so confounded that he did not know his own voice; and thus I +perceived it: just when he was come over against the mouth of the +burning pit, one of the wicked ones got behind him, and stepped up +softly to him, and whisperingly suggested many wicked words to him, +which he verily thought had proceeded from his own mind. This put +Christian more to it than anything he had met with before, even to think +that he should now speak evil of Him that he had so much loved before. +Yet, if he could have helped it, he would not have done it; but he had +not the wisdom either to stop his ears, or to know from whence those +wicked words came. + +When Christian had traveled in this sorrowful condition some +considerable time he thought he heard the voice of a man, as going +before him, saying, "Though I walk through the Valley of the Shadow of +Death I will fear no evil; for Thou art with me." + +Then he was glad, and that for these reasons: + +First,--Because he gathered from thence, that some who feared God were +in this valley as well as himself. + +Secondly,--For that he perceived God was with them, though in that dark +and dismal state. And why not, thought he, with me, though by reason of +the kindness that attends this place, I cannot perceive it? + +Thirdly,--For that he hoped (could he overtake them) to have company +by-and-by. So he went on, and called to him that was before; but he knew +not what to answer, for that he also thought himself to be alone. And +by-and-by the day broke. Then said Christian, "He hath turned the shadow +of death into the morning." + +Now, morning being come, he looked back, not out of desire to return, +but to see, by the light of the day, what dangers he had gone through in +the dark. So he saw more perfectly the ditch that was on the one hand, +and the quag that was on the other; also how narrow the way which led +betwixt them both. Also now he saw the hobgoblins, and satyrs, and +dragons of the pit, but all afar off; for after break of day they came +not nigh; yet they were shown to him according to that which is written, +"He showeth deep things out of darkness, and bringeth out to light the +shadow of death." + +Now was Christian much affected with his deliverance from all the +dangers of his solitary way; which dangers, though he feared them much +before, yet he saw them more clearly now, because the light of the day +made them plain to him. And about this time the sun was rising, and this +was another mercy to Christian; for you must note that, though the first +part of the Valley of the Shadow of Death was dangerous, yet this second +part, which he was yet to go, was if possible far more dangerous; for, +from the place where he now stood, even to the end of the valley, the +way was all along set so full of snares, traps, gins, and nets here, +and so full of pits, pitfalls, deep holes, and shelvings down there, +that, had it now been dark, as it was when he came the first part of the +way, had he had a thousand souls, they had in reason been cast away. +But, as I said just now the sun was rising. Then said he, "His candle +shineth on my head, and by His light I go through darkness." + +[Sidenote: POPE AND PAGAN] + +In this light, therefore, he came to the end of the valley. Now, I saw +in my dream that at the end of the valley lay blood, bones, ashes, and +mangled bodies of men, even of pilgrims that had gone this way formerly; +and, while I was musing what should be the reason, I espied a little +before me a cave, where two giants, POPE and PAGAN, dwelt in old time; +by whose power and tyranny, the men whose bones, blood, ashes, etc., lay +there, were cruelly put to death. But by this place Christian went +without danger, whereat I somewhat wondered; but I have learnt since, +that Pagan has been dead many a day; and, as for the other, though he be +yet alive, he is, by reason of age, also of the many shrewd brushes that +he met with in his younger days, grown so crazy and stiff in his joints, +that he can now do little more than sit in his cave's mouth, grinning at +pilgrims as they go by, and biting his nails because he cannot come to +them. + +So I saw that Christian went on his way; yet, at the sight of the old +man that sat at the mouth of the cave, he could not tell what to think, +especially because he spoke to him, though he could not go after him, +saying, "You will never mend till more of you be burned." But he held +his peace, and set a good face on it, and so went by and caught no hurt. +Then sang Christian: + + "O, world of wonders (I can say no less), + That I should be preserved in that distress + That I have met with here! Oh, blessed be + That hand that from it hath delivered me! + Dangers in darkness, devils, hell, and sin, + Did compass me, while I this vale was in; + Yes, snares, and pits, and traps, and nets did lie + My path about, that worthless, silly I + Might have been catched, entangled, and cast down; + But, since I live, let Jesus wear the crown." + +[Illustration: Christian and Faithful Join Company. + Page 89] + + + + +CHAPTER V. + + +Now as Christian went on his way, he came to a little ascent which was +cast up on purpose that pilgrims might see before them: up there, +therefore, Christian went; and looking forward, he saw Faithful before +him upon his journey. Then said Christian aloud, "Ho, ho! so-ho! stay, +and I will be your companion." At that Faithful looked behind him; to +whom Christian cried, "Stay, stay, till I come up to you." But Faithful +answered, "No, I am upon my life, and the avenger of blood is behind +me." + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN JOINS FAITHFUL] + +At this Christian was somewhat moved; and putting to all his strength, +he quickly got up with Faithful, and did also overrun him: so the last +was first. Then did Christian boastfully smile, because he had gotten +the start of his brother; but, not taking good heed to his feet, he +suddenly stumbled and fell, and could not rise again until Faithful came +up to help him. + +Then I saw in my dream, they went very lovingly on together, and had +sweet talk together of all things that had happened to them in their +pilgrimage; and thus Christian began: + +CHRIS. My honored and well-beloved brother Faithful, I am glad that I +have overtaken you, and that God has so tempered our spirits that we can +walk as companions in this so pleasant a path. + +FAITH. I had thought, dear friend, to have had your company quite from +our town; but you did get the start of me, wherefore I was forced to +come thus much of the way alone. + +CHRIS. How long did you stay in the City of Destruction before you set +out after me on your pilgrimage? + +[Sidenote: WHAT WAS SAID IN THE CITY] + +FAITH. Till I could stay no longer; for there was great talk, presently +after you were gone out, that our city would, in a short time, with fire +from heaven, be burned down to the ground. + +CHRIS. What! did your neighbors talk so? + +FAITH. Yes, it was for a while in everybody's mouth. + +CHRIS. What! and did no more of them but you come out to escape the +danger? + +FAITH. Though there was, as I said, a great talk thereabout, yet I do +not think they did firmly believe it. For, in the heat of the talking I +heard some of them deridingly speak of you, and of your desperate +journey; for so they called this your pilgrimage. But I did believe, and +do still, that the end of our city will be with fire and brimstone from +above; and therefore I have made my escape. + +CHRIS. Did you hear no talk of neighbor Pliable? + +FAITH. Yes, Christian; I heard that he followed you till he came to the +Slough of Despond, where, as some said, he fell in; but he would not be +known to have so done; but I am sure he was soundly bedabbled with that +kind of dirt. + +CHRIS. And what said the neighbors to him? + +FAITH. He hath, since his going back, been held greatly in derision, and +that among all sorts of people: some do mock and despise him, and scarce +any will set him on work. He is now seven times worse than if he had +never gone out of the city. + +CHRIS. But why should they be set so against him, since they also +despise the way that he forsook? + +FAITH. "Oh," they say, "hang him; he is a turncoat! he was not true to +his profession!" I think God has stirred up even his enemies to hiss at +him and laugh at him, because he hath forsaken the way. + +CHRIS. Had you no talk with him before you came out? + +FAITH. I met him once in the streets, but he leered away on the other +side, as one ashamed of what he had done; so I spake not to him. + +CHRIS. Well, at my first setting out, I had hopes of that man, but now I +fear he will perish in the overthrow of the city. For it has happened to +him according to the true proverb, "The dog is turned to his vomit +again, and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire." + +FAITH. These are my fears of him too; but who can hinder that which will +be? + +CHRIS. "Well, neighbor Faithful," said Christian, "let us leave him, and +talk of things that more immediately concern ourselves. Tell me now +what you have met with in the way as you came; for I know you have met +with some things, or else it may be writ for a wonder." + +FAITH. I escaped the slough that I perceive you fell into, and got up to +the gate without that danger; only I met with one whose name was Wanton, +that had like to have done me a mischief. + +CHRIS. It was well you escaped her net: Joseph was hard put to it by +her, and he escaped her as you did; but it had like to have cost him his +life. But what did she do to you? + +FAITH. You cannot think (but that you know something) what a flattering +tongue she had; she lay at me hard to turn aside with her, promising me +all manner of enjoyment. + +CHRIS. Nay, she did not promise you the enjoyment of a good conscience. + +FAITH. You know what I mean--not the enjoyment of the soul, but of the +body. + +CHRIS. Thank God you have escaped her: the abhorred of the Lord shall +fall into her ditch. + +FAITH. Nay, I know not whether I did wholly escape her or no. + +CHRIS. Why, I suppose you did not consent to her desires? + +FAITH. No, not to defile myself; for I remembered an old writing that I +had seen which saith, "Her steps take hold of hell." So I shut mine +eyes, because I would not be bewitched with her looks. Then she railed +on me, and I went my way. + +CHRIS. Did you meet with no other assault as you came? + +[Sidenote: FAITHFUL AND ADAM THE FIRST] + +FAITH. When I came to the foot of the hill called Difficulty, I met with +a very aged man, who asked me what I was and whither bound. I told him +that I was a pilgrim, going to the Celestial City. Then said the old +man, "Thou lookest like an honest fellow: wilt thou be content to dwell +with me, for the wages that I shall give thee?" Then I asked him his +name, and where he dwelt. He said his name was Adam the First, and that +he dwelt in the town of Deceit. I asked him then what was his work, and +what the wages that he would give. He told me that his work was many +delights; and his wages, that I should be his heir at last. I further +asked him what house he kept, and what other servants he had. So he told +me that his house was filled with all the dainties of the world, and +that his servants were his own children. Then I asked him how many +children he had. He said that he had but three daughters, the Lust of +the Flesh, the Lust of the Eyes, and the Pride of Life, and that I +should marry them if I would. Then I asked, how long time he would have +me live with him? And he told me, As long as he lived himself. + +CHRIS. Well, and what conclusion came the old man and you to at last? + +FAITH. Why, at first I found myself somewhat inclinable to go with the +man, for I thought he spake very fair; but looking in his forehead, as +I talked with him, I saw there written, "Put off the old man with his +deeds." + +CHRIS. And how then? + +FAITH. Then it came burning hot into my mind, whatever he said, and +however he flattered, when he got home to his house he would sell me for +a slave. So I bid him forbear, for I would not come near the door of his +house. Then he reviled me, and told me that he would send such a one +after me that should make my way bitter to my soul. So I turned to go +away from him; but, just as I turned myself to go thence, I felt him +take hold of my flesh, and give me such a deadly twitch back, that I +thought he had pulled part of me after himself: this made me cry, "O +wretched man!" So I went on my way up the hill. Now, when I had got +about half-way up, I looked behind me, and saw one coming after me, +swift as the wind; so he overtook me just about the place where the +settle stands. + +CHRIS. "Just there," said Christian, "did I sit down to rest me; but +being overcome with sleep, I there lost this roll out of my bosom." + +FAITH. But, good brother, hear me out. So soon as the man overtook me, +he was but a word and a blow; for down he knocked me, and laid me for +dead. But, when I was a little come to myself again, I asked him +wherefore he served me so. He said, because of my secret inclining to +Adam the First. And, with that, he struck me another deadly blow on the +breast, and beat me down backwards; so I lay at his feet as dead as +before. So, when I came to myself again, I cried him mercy; but he said, +"I know not how to show mercy;" and, with that, he knocked me down +again. He had doubtless made an end of me, but that One came by, and bid +him forbear. + +CHRIS. Who was that that bid him forbear? + +FAITH. I did not know him at first; but, as He went by, I perceived the +holes in His hands and His side; then I concluded that He was our Lord. +So I went up the hill. + +CHRIS. That man that overtook you was Moses. He spareth none, neither +knoweth he how to show mercy to those that disobey his law. + +FAITH. I know it very well: it was not the first time that he has met +with me. It was he that came to me when I dwelt securely at home, and +that told me he would burn my house over my head if I stayed there. + +CHRIS. But Did not you see the house that stood there, on the top of +that hill on the side of which Moses met you? + +FAITH. Yes, and the lions too, before I came at it. But, for the lions, +I think they were asleep, for it was about noon; and because I had so +much of the day before me I passed by the Porter, and came down the +hill. + +CHRIS. He told me, indeed, that he saw you go by; but I wished you had +called at the house, for they would have showed you so many rarities, +that you would scarce have forgot them to the day of your death. But +pray tell me, did you meet nobody in the Valley of Humility? + +FAITH. Yes, I met with one Discontent, who would willingly have +persuaded me to go back again with him: his reason was, for that the +valley was altogether without honor. He told me, moreover, that there to +go was the way to disoblige all my friends, as Pride, Arrogancy, +Self-Conceit, Worldly-Glory, with others, who he knew, as he said, would +be very much offended if I made such a fool of myself as to wade through +this valley. + +CHRIS. Well, and how did you answer him? + +FAITH. I told him that, although all these that he named might claim +kindred of me, and that rightly (for, indeed, they were my relations +according to the flesh), yet, since I became a pilgrim, they have +disowned me, as I also have rejected them; and therefore they were to me +now no more than if they had never been of my lineage. I told him, +moreover, that as to this valley, he had quite misrepresented the thing; +for before honor is humility, and a haughty spirit before a fall. +"Therefore," said I, "I had rather go through this valley to the honor +that was so accounted by the wisest, than choose that which he esteemed +most worthy of our affections." + +CHRIS. Met you with nothing else in that valley? + +[Sidenote: SHAME A BOLD VILLAIN] + +FAITH. Yes, I met with Shame; but, of all the men that I met with in my +pilgrimage, he I think, bears the wrong name. The others would take +"No" for an answer, at least after some words of denial; but this +bold-faced Shame would never have done. + +CHRIS. Why, what did he say to you? + +FAITH. What? why, he objected against religion itself. He said it was a +pitiful, low, sneaking business for a man to mind religion. He said that +a tender conscience was an unmanly thing; and that for a man to watch +over his words and ways, so as to tie up himself from that liberty that +the brave spirits of the times accustom themselves unto, would make him +the ridicule of all the people in our time. He objected also, that but a +few of the mighty, rich, or wise were ever of my opinion; nor any of +them neither, before they were persuaded to be fools, to venture the +loss of all for nobody else knows what. He, moreover, objected the base +and low estate and condition of those that were chiefly the pilgrims of +the times in which they lived; also their ignorance, and want of +understanding in all worldly knowledge. Yea, he did hold me to it at +that rate also, about a great many more things than here I relate; as, +that it was a shame to sit whining and mourning under a sermon, and a +shame to come sighing and groaning home; that it was a shame to ask my +neighbor forgiveness for petty faults, or to give back what I had taken +from any. He said also that religion made a man grow strange to the +great, because of a few vices (which he called by finer names), and +because religion made him own and respect the base, who were of the same +religious company; "and is not this," said he, "a shame?" + +CHRIS. And what did you say to him? + +FAITH. Say? I could not tell what to say at first. Yea, he put me so to +it that my blood came up in my face; even this Shame fetched it up, and +had almost beat me quite off. But at last I began to consider that that +which is highly esteemed among men is had in abomination with God. And I +thought again, This Shame tells me what men are, but it tells me nothing +what God, or the Word of God is. And I thought, moreover, that at the +day of doom we shall not be doomed to death or life according to the +spirits of the world, but according to the wisdom and law of the +Highest. Therefore, thought I, what God says is best--is best, though +all the men in the world are against it. Seeing, then, that God prefers +His religion; seeing God prefers a tender conscience; seeing they that +make themselves fools for the kingdom of heaven are wisest, and that the +poor man that loveth Christ is richer than the greatest man in the world +that hates Him; Shame, depart! thou art an enemy to my salvation. Shall +I listen to thee against my sovereign Lord? how, then, shall I look Him +in the face at His coming? Should I now be ashamed of His way and +servants how can I expect the blessing? But, indeed, this Shame was a +bold villain: I could scarce shake him out of my company; yea, he would +be haunting of me, and continually whispering me in the ear with some +one or other of the weak things that attend religion. But at last I told +him it was in vain to attempt further in this business; for those things +that he despised, in those did I see most glory; and so, at last, I got +past this persistent one. And when I had shaken him off, then I began to +sing, + + "The trials that those men do meet withal, + That are obedient to the heavenly call, + Are manifold, and suited to the flesh, + And come, and come, and come again afresh; + That now, or some time else, we by them may + Be taken, overcome, and cast away. + Oh, let the pilgrims, let the pilgrims then, + Be vigilant and quit themselves like men!" + +CHRIS. I am glad, my brother, that thou didst withstand this villain so +bravely: for of all, as thou sayest, I think he has the wrong name; for +he is so bold as to follow us in the streets, and to attempt to put us +to shame before all men; that is, to make us ashamed of that which is +good. But, if he was not himself bold, he would never attempt to do as +he does. But let us still resist him; for, notwithstanding all his bold +words, he promoteth the fool, and none else. "The wise shall inherit +glory," said Solomon; "but shame shall be the promotion of fools." + +FAITH. I think we must cry to Him for help against Shame who would have +us to be valiant for truth upon the earth. + +CHRIS. You say true. But did you meet nobody else in that valley? + +FAITH. No, not I; for I had sunshine all the rest of the way through +that, and also through the Valley of the Shadow of Death. + +CHRIS. It was well for you! I am sure it fared far otherwise with me. I +had for a long season, as soon almost as I entered into that valley, a +dreadful combat with that foul fiend Apollyon; yea, I thought verily he +would have killed me, especially when he got me down, and crushed me +under him, as if he would have crushed me to pieces. For, as he threw +me, my sword flew out of my hand; nay, he told me he was sure of me; and +I cried to God, and He heard me, and delivered me out of all my +troubles. Then I entered into the Valley of the Shadow of Death, and had +no light for almost half the way through it. I thought I should have +been killed there over and over: but at last day broke, and the sun +rose, and I went through that which was behind with far more ease and +quiet. + +[Sidenote: TALKATIVE OVERTAKEN] + +Moreover, I saw in my dream that, as they went on, Faithful, as he +chanced to look on one side, saw a man whose name is Talkative walking +at a distance beside them; for in this place there was room enough for +them all to walk. He was a tall man, and something better looking at a +distance than near at hand. To this man Faithful spoke himself in this +manner: + +FAITH. Friend, whither away? Are you going to the heavenly country? + +TALK. I am going to that same place. + +FAITH. That is well; then I hope we may have your good company. + +TALK. With a very good will, will I be your companion. + +FAITH. Come on, then, and let us go together, and let us spend our time +in talking of things that are profitable. + +TALK. To talk of things that are good, to me is very acceptable, with +you or with any other; and I am glad that I have met with those that +incline to so good a work; for, to speak the truth, there are but few +who care thus to spend their time as they are in their travels, but +choose much rather to be speaking of things to no profit; and this has +been a trouble to me. + +FAITH. That is, indeed, a thing to be lamented; for what things so +worthy of the use of the tongue and mouth of men on earth, as are the +things of the God of heaven? + +TALK. I like you wonderfully well, for your saying is full of the truth; +and I will add, What thing is so pleasant, and what so profitable, as to +talk of the things of God? What things so pleasant? that is, if a man +hath any delight in things that are wonderful. For instance, if a man +doth delight to talk of the history or the mystery of things, or if a +man doth love to talk of miracles, wonders, or signs, where shall he +find things written so delightful, or so sweetly penned, as in the Holy +Scripture? + +FAITH. That's true; but to be profited by such things in our talk should +be that which we design. + +[Sidenote: TALKATIVE SELF-DECEIVED] + +TALK. That is it that I said; for to talk of such things is most +profitable; for, by so doing, a man may get knowledge of many things; as +of the folly of earthly things, and the benefit of things above. +Besides, by this a man may learn what it is to turn from sin, to +believe, to pray, to suffer, or the like; by this, also, a man may learn +what are the great promises and comforts of the Gospel, to his own +enjoyment. Further, by this a man may learn to answer false opinions, to +prove the truth, and also to teach the ignorant. + +FAITH. All this is true; and glad am I to hear these things from you. + +TALK. Alas! the want of this is the cause that so few understand the +need of faith, and the necessity of a work of grace in their soul, in +order to eternal life. + +FAITH. But, by your leave, heavenly knowledge of these is the gift of +God; no man attaineth to them by human working, or only by the talk of +them. + +TALK. All that I know very well, for a man can receive nothing except it +be given him from heaven; I could give you a hundred scriptures for the +confirmation of this. + +FAITH. "Well, then," said Faithful, "what is that one thing that we +shall at this time found our talk upon?" + +TALK. What you will. I will talk of things heavenly or things earthly; +things in life or things in the gospel; things sacred or things worldly; +things past or things to come; things foreign or things at home; things +necessary or things accidental, provided that all be done to our profit. + +FAITH. Now did Faithful begin to wonder; and, stepping to Christian (for +he walked all this while by himself), he said to him, but softly, "What +a brave companion have we got! Surely this man will make a very +excellent pilgrim." + +[Sidenote: FAITHFUL DISPUTES TALKATIVE] + +CHRIS. At this Christian modestly smiled, and said, "This man with whom +you are so taken will deceive with this tongue of his twenty of them +that know him not." + +FAITH. Do you know him, then? + +CHRIS. Know him? Yes, better than he knows himself. + +FAITH. Pray what is he? + +CHRIS. His name is Talkative; he dwelleth in our town. I wonder that you +should be a stranger to him: only I consider that our town is large. + +FAITH. Whose son is he? and whereabout doth he dwell? + +CHRIS. He is the son of one Say-well. He dwelt in Prating Row, and is +known to all that are acquainted with him by the name of Talkative of +Prating Row; and notwithstanding his fine tongue, he is but a sorry +fellow. + +FAITH. Well, he seems to be a very pretty man. + +CHRIS. That is, to them that have not a thorough acquaintance with him, +for he is best abroad; near home he is ugly enough. Your saying that he +is a pretty man brings to my mind what I have observed in the work of +the painter, whose pictures show best at a distance, but very near more +unpleasing. + +FAITH. But I am ready to think you do but jest, because you smiled. + +CHRIS. God forbid that I should jest (though I smiled) in this matter, +or that I should accuse any falsely. I will give you a further discovery +of him. This man is for any company, and for any talk. As he talketh now +with you, so will he talk when he is on the ale-bench; and the more +drink he hath in his crown, the more of these things he hath in his +mouth. Religion hath no place in his heart, or house, or conversation: +all he hath lieth in his tongue, and his religion is to make a noise +therewith. + +FAITH. Say you so? Then am I in this man greatly deceived. + +CHRIS. Deceived! you may be sure of it. Remember the proverb, "They say, +and do not;" but the kingdom of God is not in word, but in power. He +talketh of prayer, of turning to God, of faith, and of the new birth; +but he knows but only to talk of them. I have been in his family, and +have seen him both at home and abroad, and I know what I say of him is +the truth. His house is as empty of religion as the white of an egg is +of savor. There is there neither prayer nor sign of turning from sin; +yea, the brute, in his kind, serves God far better than he. He is the +very stain, reproach, and shame of religion to all that know him. It can +hardly have a good word in all that end of the town where he dwells, +through him. Thus say the common people that know him: "A saint abroad, +and a devil at home." His poor family finds it so: he is such a +fault-finder, such a railer at, and so unreasonable with his servants, +that they neither know how to do for or speak to him. Men that have any +dealings with him say, it is better to deal with a Turk than with him, +for fairer dealing they shall have at their hands. This Talkative, if it +be possible, will go beyond them, cheat, beguile, and overreach them. +Besides, he brings up his sons to follow his steps; and, if he findeth +in any of them a foolish timorousness (for so he calls the first +appearance of a tender conscience), he calls them fools and blockheads, +and by no means will employ them in much, or speak to their commendation +before others. For my part, I am of opinion that he has, by his wicked +life, caused many to stumble and fall, and will be, if God prevent not, +the ruin of many more. + +FAITH. Well, my brother, I am bound to believe you, not only because you +say you know him, but also because like a Christian you make your +reports of men. For I cannot think you speak these things of ill-will, +but because it is even so as you say. + +CHRIS. Had I known him no more than you, I might, perhaps, have thought +of him as at first you did; yea, had he received this report only from +those that are enemies to religion, I should have thought it had been a +slander, a lot that often falls from bad men's mouths upon good men's +names and professions. But all these things, yea, and a great many more +as bad, of my own knowledge I can prove him guilty of. Besides, good men +are ashamed of him: they can neither call him brother nor friend; the +very naming of him among them makes them blush, if they know him. + +FAITH. Well, I see that saying and doing are two things, and hereafter I +shall better observe the difference between them. + +CHRIS. They are two things, indeed, and are as diverse as are the soul +and the body; for, as the body without the soul is but a dead carcase, +so _saying_, if it be alone, is but a dead carcase also. The soul of +religion is the practical part. "Pure religion and undefiled before God +and the Father is this, to visit the fatherless and the widows in their +affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world." This, +Talkative is not aware of: he thinks that hearing and saying will make a +good Christian, and thus he deceiveth his own soul. Hearing is but as +the sowing of the seed; talking is not sufficient to prove that fruit is +indeed in the heart and life. And let us assure ourselves that, at the +day of doom, men shall be judged according to their fruits. + +FAITH. Well, I was not so fond of his company at first, but I am as sick +of it now. What shall we do to be rid of him? + +CHRIS. Take my advice, and do as I bid you, and you shall find that he +will soon be sick of your company too, except God shall touch his heart +and turn it. + +FAITH. What would you have me to do? + +CHRIS. Why, go to him, and enter into some serious conversation about +the power of religion and ask him plainly (when he has approved of it, +for that he will) whether this thing be set up in his heart, house or +conduct. + +FAITH. Then Faithful stepped forward again, and said to Talkative, +"Come, what cheer? How is it now?" + +TALK. Thank you, well: I thought we should have had a great deal of talk +by this time. + +FAITH. Well, if you will, we will fall to it now; and, since you left it +with me to state the question, let it be this: How doth the saving grace +of God show itself when it is in the heart of man? + +TALK. I perceive, then, that our talk must be about the power of things. +Well, it is a very good question, and I shall be willing to answer you. +And take my answer in brief, thus. First, where the grace of God is in +the heart, it causeth there a great outcry against sin. Secondly,-- + +FAITH. Nay, hold; let us consider of one at once. I think you should +rather say, it shows itself by inclining the soul to hate its sin. + +TALK. Why, what difference is there between crying out against and +hating sin? + +FAITH. Oh! a great deal. A man may cry out against sin in order to +appear good; but he cannot hate it except by a real dislike for it. I +have heard many cry out against sin in the pulpit, who yet can abide it +well enough in the heart, house, and life. Some cry out against sin, +even as the mother cries out against her child in her lap, when she +calleth it a naughty girl, and then falls to hugging and kissing it. + +TALK. You are trying to catch me, I perceive. + +FAITH. No, not I; I am only for setting things right. But what is the +second thing whereby you would prove a discovery of a work of God in the +heart? + +TALK. Great knowledge of hard things in the Bible. + +[Sidenote: TALKATIVE PARTS COMPANY] + +FAITH. This sign should have been first; but, first or last, it is also +false; for knowledge, great knowledge, may be obtained in the mysteries +of the Gospel, and yet no work of grace in the soul. Yea, if a man have +all knowledge, he may yet be nothing, and so, consequently, be no child +of God. When Christ said, "Do ye know all these things?" and the +disciples had answered, "Yes," He added, "Blessed are ye if ye do them." +He doth not lay the blessing in the knowledge of them, but in the doing +of them. For there is a knowledge that is not attended with doing: "He +that knoweth his master's will, and doeth it not." A man may know like +an angel, and yet be no Christian; therefore your sign of it is not +true. Indeed, to know, is a thing that pleaseth talkers and boasters; +but to do is that which pleaseth God. + +TALK. You are trying to catch me again: this is not profitable. + +FAITH. Well, if you please, name another sign how this work of grace +showeth itself where it is. + +TALK. Not I; for I see we shall not agree. + +FAITH. Well, if you will not, will you give me leave to do it? + +TALK. You may say what you please. + +FAITH. God's work in the soul showeth itself either to him that hath it +or to standers by. To him that has it, it is shown by making him see and +feel his own sins. To others who are standing by it is shown by his +life, a life of doing right in the sight of God. And now, sir, as to +this brief account of the work of grace, and also the showing of it, if +you have aught to object, object; if not, then give me leave to ask you +a second question. + +TALK. Nay, my part is not now to object, but to hear; let me, therefore, +have your second question. + +FAITH. It is this: Have you felt your own sins, and have you turned from +them? And do your life and conduct show it the same? Or is your religion +in word or in tongue, and not in deed and truth? Pray, if you incline to +answer me in this, say no more than you know the God above will say +Amen to, and also nothing but what your conscience can approve you in; +for not he that commendeth himself is approved, but whom the Lord +commendeth. Besides, to say I am thus and thus, when my conduct and all +my neighbors tell me I lie, is great wickedness. + +TALK. Then Talkative at first began to blush; but, recovering himself, +thus he replied: "This kind of discourse I did not expect; nor am I +disposed to give an answer to such questions, because I count not myself +bound thereto, unless you take upon you to be a questioner; and though +you should do so, yet I may refuse to make you my judge. But, I pray, +will you tell me why you ask me such questions?" + +FAITH. Because I saw you forward to talk, and because I knew not that +you had aught else but notion. Besides, to tell you all the truth, I +have heard of you that you are a man whose religion lies in talk, and +that your life gives this your mouth-profession the lie. They say you +are a spot among Christians, and that religion fareth the worse for your +ungodly conduct; that some already have stumbled at your wicked ways, +and that more are in danger of being destroyed thereby: your religion, +and an alehouse, and greed for gain, and uncleanness, and swearing, and +lying, and vain company-keeping, etc., will stand together. You are a +shame to all who are members of the church. + +TALK. Since you are ready to take up reports, and to judge so rashly as +you do, I cannot but conclude you are some peevish or cross man, not fit +to be talked with; and so adieu. + +CHRIS. Then came up Christian, and said to his brother, "I told you how +it would happen; your words and his heart could not agree. He had rather +leave your company than reform his life. But he is gone, as I said: let +him go; the loss is no man's but his own: he has saved us the trouble of +going from him; for he continuing (as I suppose he will do) as he is, he +would have been but a blot in our company. Besides, the Apostle says, +'From such withdraw thyself.'" + +FAITH. But I am glad we had this little talk with him; it may happen +that he will think of it again: however, I have dealt plainly with him, +and so am clear of his blood, if he perisheth. + +CHRIS. You did well to talk so plainly to him as you did. There is but +little of this faithful dealing with men now-a-days; and that makes +religion to be despised by so many; for they are these talkative fools, +whose religion is only in word, and are vile and vain in their life, +that, being so much admitted into the fellowship of the godly, do puzzle +the world, blemish Christianity, and grieve the sincere. I wish that all +men would deal with such as you have done; then should they either be +made more suitable to religion, or the company of saints would be too +hot for them. + +FAITH. Then did Faithful say, + + "How Talkative at first lifts up his plumes! + How bravely doth he speak! How he presumes + To drive down all before him! But so soon + As Faithful talks of heart-work, like the moon + That's past the full, into the wane he goes; + And so will all but he who heart-work knows." + +Thus they went on, talking of what they had seen by the way, and so made +that way easy, which would otherwise, no doubt, have been tedious to +them; for now they went through a wilderness. + + + + +CHAPTER VI. + + +Now, when they were got almost quite out of this wilderness, Faithful +chanced to cast his eye back, and espied one coming after him, and he +knew him. "Oh!" said Faithful to his brother, "who comes yonder?" Then +Christian looked, and said, "It is my good friend Evangelist." "Ay, and +my good friend, too," said Faithful; "for it was he that set me the way +to the gate." Now was Evangelist come up unto them, and thus saluted +them: + +EVAN. Peace be with you, dearly beloved, and peace be to your helpers. + +CHRIS. Welcome, welcome, my good Evangelist: the sight of thy face +brings to my thought thy former kindness and unwearied laboring for my +eternal good. + +FAITH. "And a thousand times welcome," said good Faithful: "thy company, +O sweet Evangelist, how desirable is it to us poor pilgrims!" + +EVAN. Then said Evangelist, "How hath it fared with you, my friends, +since the time of our last parting? What have you met with, and how have +you behaved yourselves?" + +Then Christian and Faithful told him of all things that had happened to +them in the way; and how, and with what difficulty, they had arrived to +that place. + +EVAN. "Right glad am I," said Evangelist, "not that you met with trials, +but that you have been victors, and for that you have, notwithstanding +many weaknesses, continued in the way to this very day. I say, right +glad am I of this thing, and that for my own sake and yours. I have +sowed, and you have reaped; and the day is coming when 'both he that +sowed and they that reaped shall rejoice together;' that is, if you +faint not. The crown is before you, and it is an uncorruptible one: so +run that you may obtain it. Some there be that set out for this crown, +and after they have gone far for it, another comes in and takes it from +them: 'Hold fast, therefore, that you have; let no man take your +crown.'" + +Then Christian thanked him for his words, but told him withal that they +would have him speak further to them, for their help the rest of the +way; and the rather, for that they well knew that he was a prophet, and +could tell them of things that might happen unto them, and also how they +might resist and overcome them. To which request Faithful also +consented. So Evangelist began as followeth: + +[Sidenote: EVANGELIST EXHORTS CHRISTIAN] + +EVAN. My sons, you have heard, in the words of the truth of the Gospel, +that you must "through many trials enter into the kingdom of heaven;" +and again, that "in every city bonds and afflictions await you;" and +therefore you cannot expect that you should go long on your pilgrimage +without them in some sort or other. You have found something of the +truth of these words upon you already, and more will immediately follow; +for now, as you see, you are almost out of this wilderness, and +therefore you will soon come into a town that you will by-and-by see +before you; and in that town you will be hardly beset with enemies who +will strain hard but they will kill you; and be you sure that one or +both of you must seal the truth which you hold with blood: but be you +faithful unto death, and the King will give you a crown of life. He that +shall die there, although his death will be unnatural, and his pain, +perhaps, great, he will yet have the better of his fellow; not only +because he will be arrived at the Celestial City soonest, but because he +will escape many miseries that the other will meet with in the rest of +his journey. But when you are come to the town, and shall find fulfilled +what I have here related, then remember your friend, and quit yourselves +like men, and commit the keeping of your souls to God in well-doing, as +unto a faithful Creator. + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS AT VANITY FAIR] + +Then I saw in my dream, that, when they were got out of the wilderness, +they presently saw a town before them, and the name of that town is +Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair. It is +kept all the year long. It beareth the name of Vanity Fair, because the +town where it is kept is lighter than vanity, and also because all that +is there sold, or that cometh thither, is vanity; as is the saying of +the Wise, "All that cometh is vanity." + +This is no newly begun business, but a thing of ancient standing. I will +show you the original of it. + +Almost five thousand years ago, there were pilgrims walking to the +Celestial City, as these two honest persons are; and Beelzebub, +Apollyon, and Legion, with their companions, perceiving by the path that +the pilgrims made that their way to the city lay through this town of +Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a fair wherein should be +sold all sorts of vanity, and that it should last all the year long. +Therefore at this fair are all such things sold as houses, lands, +trades, places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, lusts, +pleasures, and delights of all sorts, as wives, husbands, children, +masters, servants, lives, blood, bodies, souls, silver, gold, pearls, +precious stones, and what not. + +And, moreover, at this fair there are at all times to be seen jugglings, +cheats, games, plays, fools, apes, knaves, and rogues, and that of every +kind. + +Here are to be seen, too, and that for nothing, thefts, murders, false +swearers, and that of a blood-red color. + +And, as in other fairs of less moment there are several rows and streets +under their proper names, where such and such wares are vended; so here +likewise you have the proper places, rows, streets (namely, countries +and kingdoms), where the wares of this fair are soonest to be found. +Here are the Britain Row, the French Row, the Italian Row, the Spanish +Row, the German Row, where several sorts of vanities are to be sold. +But, as in other fairs some one commodity is as the chief of all the +fair, so the ware of Rome and her goods are greatly promoted in this +fair; only our English nation, with some others, have taken dislike +thereat. + +Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just through this +town where this lusty fair is kept; and he that would go to the city, +and yet not go through this town, "must needs go out of the world." The +Prince of princes Himself, when here, went through this town to His own +country, and that upon a fair day too; yea, and as I think, it was +Beelzebub, the chief lord of this fair, that invited Him to buy of his +vanities; yea, would have made Him lord of the fair, would He but have +done him reverence as He went through the town. Yea, because He was such +a person of honor, Beelzebub had Him from street to street, and showed +Him all the kingdoms of the world in a little time, that he might, if +possible, allure that Blessed One to ask for and buy some of his +vanities; but He had no mind to the merchandise, and therefore left the +town without laying out so much as one farthing upon these vanities. +This fair, therefore, is an ancient thing of long-standing, and a very +great fair. + +Now, these pilgrims, as I said, must needs go through this fair. Well, +so they did; but, behold, even as they entered into the fair, all the +people in the fair were moved and the town itself, as it were, in a +hubbub about them, and that for several reasons; for, + +First,--The pilgrims were clothed with such kind of garments as were +different from the raiment of any that traded in that fair. The people, +therefore, of the fair, made a great gazing upon them: some said they +were fools; some, they were bedlams; and some, they were outlandish men. + +Secondly,--And, as they wondered at their apparel, so they did likewise +at their speech; for few could understand what they said. They naturally +spoke the language of Canaan; but they that kept the fair were the men +of this world. So that from one end of the fair to the other, they +seemed barbarians each to the other. + +Thirdly,--But that which did not a little amuse the store-keepers was, +that these pilgrims set very light by all their wares. They cared not so +much as to look upon them; and if they called upon them to buy, they +would put their fingers in their ears, and cry, "Turn away mine eyes +from beholding vanity," and look upwards, signifying that their trade +and traffic were in heaven. + +One chanced, mockingly, beholding the actions of the men, to say unto +them, "What will you buy?" But they, looking gravely upon him, said, "We +buy the truth." At that there was an occasion taken to despise the men +the more: some mocking, some taunting, some speaking reproachfully, and +some calling on others to smite them. At last things came to a hubbub +and great stir in the fair, insomuch that all order was confounded. Now +was word presently brought to the great one of the fair, who quickly +came down, and deputed some of his most trusty friends to take these men +for trial about whom the fair was almost overturned. So the men were +brought to trial, and they that sat upon them asked them whence they +came, whither they went, and what they did there in such an unusual +garb. The men told them that they were pilgrims and strangers in the +world, and that they were going to their own country, which was the +heavenly Jerusalem, and that they had given no occasion to the men of +the town, nor yet to the merchants, thus to abuse them, and to hinder +them in their journey, except it was for that, when one asked them what +they would buy, they said they would buy the truth. But they that were +appointed to examine them did not believe them to be any other than +crazy people and mad, or else such as came to put all things into a +confusion in the fair. Therefore they took them and beat them, and +besmeared them with dirt, and then put them into the cage, that they +might be made a spectacle to all the men of the fair. There, therefore, +they lay for some time, and were made the objects of any man's sport, or +malice, or revenge; the great one of the fair laughing still at all that +befell them. But, the men being patient, and "not rendering railing for +railing, but contrariwise blessing," and giving good words for bad, and +kindness for injuries done, some men in the fair that were more +observing and less opposed than the rest, began to check and blame the +baser sort for their continual abuses done by them to the men. They, +therefore, in an angry manner, let fly at them again, counting them as +bad as the men in the cage, and telling them that they seemed to be in +league with them, and should be made partakers of their misfortunes. The +others replied, that, for aught they could see, the men were quiet and +sober, and intended nobody any harm; and that there were many that +traded in their fair that were more worthy to be put into the cage, yea, +and pillory too, than were the men that they had abused. Thus, after +divers words had passed on both sides (the men behaving themselves all +the while very wisely and soberly before them,) they fell to some blows, +and did harm to one another. Then were these two poor men brought before +the court again, and there charged as being guilty of the late hubbub +that had been in the fair. So they beat them pitifully, and hanged irons +upon them, and led them in chains up and down the fair, for an example +and terror to others, lest any should speak in their behalf, or join +themselves unto them. But Christian and Faithful behaved themselves yet +more wisely, and received the wrongs and shame that were cast upon them +with so much meekness and patience, that it won to their side (though +but few in comparison of the rest) several of the men in the fair. This +put the other party in yet a greater rage, insomuch that they resolved +upon the death of these two men. Wherefore they threatened that neither +cage nor irons should serve their turn, but that they should die for the +abuse they had done, and for deceiving the men of the fair. + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS IN STOCKS] + +Then were they remanded to the cage again, until further order should be +taken with them. So they put them in, and made their feet fast in the +stocks. + +Here, therefore, they called again to mind what they had heard from +their faithful friend Evangelist, and were more confirmed in their way +and sufferings, by what he told them would happen to them. They also now +comforted each other, that whose lot it was to suffer, even he should +have the best of it; therefore each man secretly wished he might have +that privilege. But, committing themselves to the all-wise disposal of +Him that ruleth all things, with much content they abode in the +condition in which they were, until they should be otherwise disposed +of. + +[Sidenote: LORD HATE-GOOD] + +Then a convenient time being appointed, they brought them forth to their +trial, in order to their being condemned. When the time was come, they +were brought before their enemies, and placed on trial. The judge's name +was Lord Hate-good: the charges against both were one and the same in +substance, though somewhat varying in form; the contents whereof were +this: "That they were enemies to and disturbers of their trade; that +they had made riots and divisions in the town, and had won a party to +their own most dangerous opinions, in contempt of the law of their +prince." + +Then Faithful began to answer, that he had only set himself against that +which had set itself against Him that is higher than the highest. "And," +said he, "as for disturbances, I make none, being myself a man of peace; +the parties that were won to us, were won by beholding our truth and +innocence, and they are only turned from the worse to the better. And, +as to the king you talk of, since he is Beelzebub, the enemy of our +Lord, I defy him and all his angels." + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS ON TRIAL] + +Then it was made known that they that had aught to say for their lord +the king against the prisoner at the bar should forthwith appear and +give in their evidence. So there came in three witnesses; to wit, Envy, +Superstition, and Pickthank. They were then asked if they knew the +prisoner at the bar, and what they had to say for their lord the king +against him. + +Then stood forth Envy, and said to this effect: "My lord, I have known +this man a long time, and will attest upon my oath before this honorable +bench that he is--" + +JUDGE. Hold! Give him his oath. + +ENVY. So they sware him. Then said he, "My lord, this man, +notwithstanding his name, Faithful is one of the vilest men in our +country. He cares for neither prince nor people, law nor custom, but +doth all that he can to possess all men with certain of his disloyal +notions, which he in the general calls principles of faith and holiness. +And in particular, I heard him once myself affirm that Christianity and +the customs of our town of Vanity were opposite, and could not be +reconciled. By which saying, my lord, he doth at once not only condemn +all our laudable doings, but us in the doing of them." + +JUDGE. Then did the judge say to him, "Hast thou any more to say?" + +ENVY. My lord, I could say much more, only I would not be tiresome to +the court. Yet, if need be, when the other gentlemen have given in their +evidence, rather than anything shall be wanting that will dispatch him, +I will have more to speak against him. So he was bid stand by. + +Then they called Superstition, and bade him look upon the prisoner. They +also asked what he could say for their lord the king against him. Then +they sware him: so he began: + +SUPER. My lord, I have no great acquaintance with this man, nor do I +desire to have further knowledge of him. However, this I know, that he +is a very pestilent fellow, from some discourse the other day that I had +with him in this town; for then, talking with him, I heard him say that +our religion was naught, and such by which a man could by no means +please God. Which saying of his, my lord, your lordship very well knows +what necessarily thence will follow; to wit, that we still do worship in +vain, are yet in our sins, and finally shall be destroyed: and this is +that which I have to say. + +Then was Pickthank sworn, and bid say what he knew, in behalf of their +lord the king, against the prisoner at the bar. + +PICK. My lord, and you gentlemen all, this fellow I have known a long +time, and have heard him speak things that ought not to be spoken, for +he hath railed on our noble prince Beelzebub, and hath spoken +contemptuously of his honorable friends, whose names are, the Lord +Old-man, the Lord Carnal-Delight, the Lord Luxurious, the Lord +Desire-of-Vain-Glory, my old Lord Lust, Sir Having Greedy, with all the +rest of our nobility and he hath said, moreover, that, if all men were +of his mind, if possible there is not one of these noblemen should have +any longer a being in this town. Besides, he has not been afraid to rail +on you, my lord, who are now appointed to be his judge, calling you an +ungodly villain, with many other such-like abusive terms, with which he +hath bespattered most of the gentry of our town. + +JUDGE. When this Pickthank had told his tale, the judge directed his +speech to the prisoner at the bar, saying, "Thou runagate, heretic, and +traitor! hast thou heard what these honest gentlemen have witnessed +against thee?" + +FAITH. May I speak a few words in my own defense? + +JUDGE. Sirrah, sirrah, thou deservest to live no longer, but to be slain +immediately upon the place; yet, that all men may see our gentleness +towards thee, let us hear what thou, vile runagate, hast to say. + +FAITH. 1. I say, then, in answer to what Mr. Envy hath spoken, I have +never said aught but this, that what rule, or laws, or custom, or people +were flat against the Word of God, are opposite to Christianity. If I +have said amiss in this, convince me of my error, and I am ready here +before you to take back my words. + +2. As to the second, to wit, Mr. Superstition and his charge against me, +I said only this, that in the worship of God there is required true +faith. But there can be no true faith without a knowledge of the will of +God. Therefore, whatever is thrust into the worship of God that is not +agreeable to the word of God will not profit to eternal life. + +3. As to what Mr. Pickthank hath said, I say (avoiding terms, as that I +am said to rail, and the like), that the prince of this town, with all +the rabblement his attendants, by this gentleman named, are more fit for +a being in hell than in this town and country. And so the Lord have +mercy upon me! + +Then the judge called to the jury (who all this while stood by to hear +and observe), "Gentlemen of the jury, you see this man about whom so +great an uproar hath been made in this town; you have also heard what +these worthy gentlemen have witnessed against him; also you have heard +his reply and confession. It lieth now in your breast to hang him or to +save his life; but yet I think meet to instruct you into our law. + +"There was an act made in the days of Pharaoh, the great servant to our +prince, that, lest those of a contrary religion should multiply and grow +too strong for him, their males should be thrown into the river. There +was also an act made in the days of Nebuchadnezzar the Great, another of +his servants, that whoever would not fall down and worship his golden +image should be thrown into a fiery furnace. There was also an act made +in the days of Darius, that whoso for some time called upon any god but +him should be cast into the lions' den. Now, the substance of these laws +this rebel has broken, not only in thought (which is not to be borne,) +but also in word and deed, which must, therefore, needs be intolerable. +You see he disputeth against our religion; and for the reason that he +hath confessed he deserveth to die the death." + +[Sidenote: FAITHFUL DIES AT THE STAKE] + +Then went the jury out, whose names were Mr. Blind-man, Mr. No-good, Mr. +Malice, Mr. Love-lust, Mr. Live-loose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. +Enmity, Mr. Liar, Mr. Cruelty, Mr. Hate-light, and Mr. Implacable, who +every one gave in his private voice against him among themselves, and +afterwards unanimously concluded to bring him in guilty before the +Judge. And first among themselves, Mr. Blind-man, the foreman, said, "I +see clearly that this man is a heretic." Then said Mr. No-good, "Away +with such a fellow from the earth!" "Ay," said Mr. Malice, "for I hate +the very look of him." Then said Mr. Love-lust, "I could never endure +him." "Nor I," said Mr. Live-loose; "for he would always be condemning +my way." "Hang him, hang him!" said Mr. Heady. "A sorry scrub," said Mr. +High-mind. "My heart riseth against him," said Mr. Enmity. "He is a +rogue," said Mr. Liar. "Hanging is too good for him," said Mr. Cruelty. +"Let us dispatch him out of the way," said Mr. Hate-light. Then said Mr. +Implacable, "Might I have all the world given to me, I could not be +reconciled to him; therefore let us forthwith bring him in guilty of +death." + +And so they did: therefore he was presently condemned to be had from the +place where he was, to the place from whence he came, and there to be +put to the most cruel death that could be invented. + +They therefore brought him out, to do with him according to their law; +and first they scourged him, then they buffeted him, then they lanced +his flesh with knives; after that they stoned him with stones, then +pricked him with their swords, and, last of all, they burned him to +ashes at the stake. Thus came Faithful to his end. + +Now, I saw that there stood behind the multitude a chariot and a couple +of horses waiting for Faithful, who (so soon as his enemies had slain +him) was taken up into it, and straightway was carried up through the +clouds with sound of trumpet the nearest way to the Celestial Gate. But +as for Christian, he had some delay, and was sent back to prison; so he +there remained for a space. But He who overrules all things, having the +power of their rage in his own hand, so wrought it about that Christian +for that time escaped them, and went his way. And as he went, he sang, +saying, + + "Well, Faithful, thou hast faithfully professed + Unto thy Lord, with whom thou shalt be blest, + When faithless ones, with all their vain delights, + Are crying out under their hellish plights. + Sing, Faithful, sing, and let thy name survive; + For though they killed thee, thou art yet alive." + +[Illustration: Hopeful and Christian. + Page 120] + + + + +CHAPTER VII. + + +Now, I saw in my dream, that Christian went forth not alone; for there +was one whose name was Hopeful (being so made by looking upon Christian +and Faithful in their words and behavior in their sufferings at the +fair,) who joined himself unto him, and, entering into a brotherly +pledge told him that he would be his companion. Thus one died to show +faithfulness to the truth, and another rises out of his ashes to be a +companion with Christian in his pilgrimage. This Hopeful also told +Christian that there were many more of the men in the fair that would +take their time and follow after. + +[Sidenote: BY-ENDS OF FAIR-SPEECH] + +So I saw that, quickly after they were got out of the fair, they +overtook one that was going before them, whose name was By-ends; so they +said to him, "What countryman, sir? and how far go you this way?" He +told them that he came from the town of Fair-speech, and he was going to +the Celestial City; but told them not his name. + +CHRIS. "From Fair-speech! are there any that be good live there?" + +BY. "Yes," said By-ends, "I hope." + +CHRIS. Pray, sir, what may I call you? + +BY. I am a stranger to you, and you to me: if you be going this way, I +shall be glad of your company; if not, I must be content. + +CHRIS. This town of Fair-speech, I have heard of it; and, as I remember, +they say it's a wealthy place. + +BY. Yes, I will assure you that it is; and I have very many rich kindred +there. + +CHRIS. Pray, who are your kindred there? if a man may be so bold. + +BY. Almost the whole town; but in particular my Lord Turnabout, my Lord +Timeserver, my Lord Fair-speech, from whose ancestors that town first +took its name; also Mr. Smooth-man, Mr. Facing-both-ways, Mr. Anything; +and the parson of our parish, Mr. Two-tongues, was my mother's own +brother by father's side; and to tell you the truth, I am become a +gentleman of good quality; yet my great-grandfather was but a waterman, +looking one way and rowing another, and I got most of my estate by the +same occupation. + +CHRIS. Are you a married man? + +BY. Yes, and my wife is a very virtuous woman, the daughter of a +virtuous woman; she was my Lady Feigning's daughter: therefore she came +of a very honorable family, and is arrived to such a pitch of breeding, +that she knows how to carry it to all, even to prince and peasant. 'Tis +true we somewhat differ in religion from those of the stricter sort, yet +but in two small points: First, we never strive against wind and tide; +secondly, we are always most zealous when Religion is well dressed and +goes in his silver slippers: we love much to walk with him in the +street if the sun shines and the people praise him. + +Then Christian stepped a little aside to his fellow Hopeful, saying, "It +runs in my mind that this is one By-ends, of Fair-speech; and if it be +he, we have as very a knave in our company as dwelleth in all these +parts." Then said Hopeful, "Ask him; methinks he should not be ashamed +of his name." So Christian came up with him again, and said, "Sir, you +talk as if you knew something more than all the world doth; and if I +take not my mark amiss, I deem I have half a guess of you. Is not your +name Mr. By-ends, of Fair-speech?" + +BY. This is not my name; but, indeed, it is a nickname that is given me +by some that cannot abide me, and I must be content to bear it as a +reproach, as other good men have borne theirs before me. + +CHRIS. But did you never give an occasion to men to call you by this +name? + +BY. Never, never! The worst that ever I did to give them an occasion to +give me this name was, that I had always the luck to jump in my judgment +with the present way of the times, whatever it was, and my chance was to +gain thereby. But if things are thus cast upon me, let me count them a +blessing; but let not the malicious load me therefore with reproach. + +CHRIS. I thought, indeed, that you were the man that I heard of; and, to +tell you what I think, I fear this name belongs to you more properly +than you are willing we should think it doth. + +BY. Well, if you will thus imagine, I cannot help it: you shall find me +a fair company-keeper if you still admit me your companion. + +CHRIS. If you will go with us, you must go against wind and tide; the +which, I perceive, is against your opinion; you must also own Religion +in his rags, as well as when in his silver slippers; and stand by him, +too, when bound in irons, as well as when he walketh the streets with +applause. + +BY. You must not impose or lord it over my faith; leave it to my +liberty, and let me go with you. + +CHRIS. Not a step farther, unless you will do in what I declare as we +do. + +BY. Then said By-ends, "I never desert my old principles, since they are +harmless and profitable. If I may not go with you, I must do as I did +before you overtook me, even go by myself, until some overtake me that +will be glad of my company." + +[Sidenote: MONEY-LOVE'S PRINCIPLES] + +Now, I saw in my dream that Christian and Hopeful forsook him, and kept +their distance before him; but one of them, looking back, saw three men +following Mr. By-ends; and, behold, as they came up with him, he made +them a very low bow, and they also gave him a compliment. The men's +names were Mr. Hold-the-world, Mr. Money-love, and Mr. Save-all; men +that Mr. By-ends had been formerly acquainted with; for in their +boyhood they were schoolfellows, and taught by one Mr. Gripe-man a +schoolmaster in Love-gain, which is a market town in the county of +Coveting, in the North. This schoolmaster taught them the art of +getting, either by violence, cheating, flattery, lying, or by putting on +a pretence of religion; and these four gentlemen had learned much of the +art of their master, so that they could each of them have kept such a +school themselves. + +Well, when they had, as I said, thus saluted each other, Mr. Money-love +said to Mr. By-ends, "Who are they upon the road before us?" for +Christian and Hopeful were yet within view. + +BY. They are a couple of far countrymen, that, after their mode, are +going on pilgrimage. + +MONEY. Alas! why did they not stay, that we might have had their good +company? for they, and we, and you, sir, I hope, are all going on +pilgrimage. + +BY. We are so, indeed; but the men before us are so rigid, and love so +much their own notions, and do also so lightly esteem the opinions of +others, that, let a man be ever so godly, yet, if he agrees not with +them in all things, they thrust him quite out of their company. + +SAVE. That is bad; but we read of some that are righteous overmuch, and +such men's rigidness makes them to judge and condemn all but themselves. +But I pray, what and how many were the things wherein you differed? + +BY. Why, they, after their headstrong manner conclude that it is their +duty to rush on their journey all weathers; and I am for waiting for +wind and tide. They are for taking the risk of all for God at a clap; +and I am for taking all advantages to secure my life and property. They +are for holding their notions, though all other men be against them; but +I am for religion in what and so far as, the times and my safety will +bear it. They are for Religion when in rags and contempt; but I am for +him when he walks in his golden slippers, in the sunshine, and with +applause. + +HOLD. Ay, and hold you there still, good Mr. By-ends; for, for my part, +I can count him but a fool, that, having the liberty to keep what he +has, shall be so unwise as to lose it. Let us be wise as serpents. It is +best to make hay while the sun shines. You see how the bee lieth still +all winter, and bestirs her only when she can have profit and pleasure. +God sends sometimes rain and sometimes sunshine; if they be such fools +to go through the rain, yet let us be content to take fair weather along +with us. For my part, I like that religion best that will stand with the +safety of God's good blessings unto us; for who can imagine, that is +ruled by his reason, since God has bestowed upon us the good things of +this life, but that He would have us keep them for His sake? Abraham and +Solomon grew rich in religion; and Job says that "a good man should lay +up gold as dust;" but he must not be such as the men before us, if they +be as you have described them. + +SAVE. I think that we are all agreed in this matter, and therefore there +needs no more words about it. + +MONEY. No, there needs no more words about this matter, indeed; for he +that believes neither Scripture nor reason (and you see we have both on +our side), neither knows his own liberty nor seeks his own safety. + +And so these four men, Mr. By-ends, Mr. Money-love, Mr. Save-all, and +old Mr. Hold-the-world, walked on together, while Christian and Hopeful +were far in advance. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIAN AND HOPEFUL] + +Then Christian and Hopeful went on till they came to a delicate plain, +called Ease, where they went with much content; but that plain was but +narrow, so they were quickly got over it. Now at the farther side of +that plain was a little hill, called Lucre,[4] and in that hill a silver +mine, which some of them that had formerly gone that way, because of the +rarity of it, had turned aside to see; but going too near the brink of +the pit, the ground, being deceitful under them, broke, and they were +slain; some also had been maimed there, and could not to their dying day +be their own men again. + + [4] An old word meaning "money" or "riches." + +Then I saw in my dream that a little off the road, over against the +silver mine, stood Demas (gentleman-like) to call to passengers to come +and see; who said to Christian and his fellow, "Ho! turn aside hither, +and I will show you a thing." + +CHRIS. What thing so deserving as to turn us out of the way? + +DEMAS. Here is a silver mine, and some digging in it for treasure; if +you will come, with a little pains you may richly provide for +yourselves. + +HOPE. Then said Hopeful, "Let us go see." + +CHRIS. "Not I," said Christian. "I have heard of this place before now, +and how many have there been slain; and besides, that treasure is a +snare to those that seek it, for it hindereth them in their pilgrimage." + +CHRIS. Then Christian called to Demas, saying, "Is not the place +dangerous? Hath it not hindered many in their pilgrimage?" + +DEMAS. Not very dangerous, except to those that are careless. But +withal, he blushed as he spake. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian to Hopeful, "Let us not stir a step, but +still keep on our way." + +HOPE. I will warrant you, when By-ends comes up, if he hath the same +invitation as we, he will turn in thither to see. + +CHRIS. No doubt thereof, for his principles lead him that way; and a +hundred to one but he dies there. + +DEMAS. Then Demas called out again, saying, "But will you not come over +and see?" + +CHRIS. Then Christian roundly answered, saying, "Demas, thou art an +enemy to the right ways of the Lord of this way, and hast been already +condemned for thine own turning aside, by one of His Majesty's judges; +and why seekest thou to have us condemned also? Besides, if we at all +turn aside, our Lord the King will certainly hear thereof, and will +there put us to shame where we should stand with boldness before Him." + +Demas cried again that he also was one of their company, a pilgrim like +themselves, and that, if they would tarry a little, he also himself +would walk with them. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian, "What is thy name? Is it not the same by the +which I have called thee?" + +DEMAS. Yes, my name is Demas; I am the son of Abraham. + +CHRIS. I know you: Gehazi was your great-grandfather, and Judas your +father, and you have trod in their steps. It is but a devilish prank +that thou usest: thy father was hanged for a traitor, and thou deservest +no better reward. Assure thyself that when we come to the King, we will +tell him of this thy behavior. Thus they went their way. + +By this time By-ends and his companions were come again within sight, +and they at the first beck went over to Demas. Now, whether they fell +into the pit by looking over the brink thereof, or whether they went +down to dig, or whether they were smothered in the bottom by the damps +that commonly arise, of these things I am not certain; but this I +observed, that they never were seen again in the way. Then sang +Christian: + + "By-ends and silver Demas both agree; + One calls; the other runs, that he may be + A sharer in his lucre; so these two + Take up in this world, and no farther go." + +Now, I saw that just on the other side of the plain the pilgrims came to +a place where stood an old monument hard by the highway-side; at the +sight of which they were both concerned, because of the strangeness of +the form thereof; for it seemed to them as if it had been a woman +changed into the shape of a pillar. Here, therefore, they stood looking +and looking upon it, but could not for a time tell what they should make +thereof. At last Hopeful espied written above, upon the head thereof, a +writing in an unusual hand; but he, being no scholar, called to +Christian (for he was learned,) to see if he could pick out the meaning; +so he came, and after a little laying of letters together, he found the +same to be this, "Remember Lot's wife." So he read it to his fellow; +after which, they both concluded that that was the pillar of salt into +which Lot's wife was turned, for her looking back with a covetous heart +when she was going from Sodom. Which sudden and amazing sight gave them +occasion for speaking thus: + +CHRIS. Ah, my brother! this is a seasonable sight. It came just in time +to us after the invitation which Demas gave us to come over to view the +hill Lucre; and, had we gone over, as he desired us, and as thou wast +inclining to do, my brother, we had, for aught I know, been made +ourselves, like this woman, a spectacle for those that shall come after +to behold. + +HOPE. I am sorry that I was so foolish, and am made to wonder that I am +not now as Lot's wife; for wherein was the difference betwixt her sin +and mine? She only looked back, and I had a desire to go see. Let God's +goodness be praised; and let me be ashamed that ever such a thing should +be in mine heart. + +CHRIS. Let us take notice of what we see here, for our help for time to +come. This woman escaped one judgment, for she fell not by the +destruction of Sodom; yet she was destroyed by another, as we see: she +is turned into a pillar of salt. + +HOPE. What a mercy is it that neither thou, but especially I, am not +made myself this example! This gives reason to us to thank God, to fear +before Him and always to remember Lot's wife. + +[Sidenote: RIVER OF THE WATER OF LIFE] + +I saw, then, that they went on their way to a pleasant river, which +David the King called "the river of God," but John, "the river of the +water of life." Now their way lay just upon the bank of this river; +here, therefore, Christian and his companion walked with great delight; +they drank also of the water of the river, which was pleasant and +enlivening to their weary spirits. Besides, on the banks of this river +on either side were green trees that bore all manner of fruit; and the +leaves of the trees were good for medicine; with the fruit of these +trees they were also much delighted; and the leaves they ate to prevent +illness, especially such diseases that come to those that heat their +blood by travels. On either side of the river was also a meadow, +curiously beautified with lilies, and it was green all the year long. In +this meadow they lay down and slept, for here they might lie down +safely. When they awoke, they gathered again of the fruit of the trees +and drank again of the water of the river, and they lay down again to +sleep. This they did several days and nights. Then they sang: + + "Behold ye, how these crystal streams do glide, + To comfort pilgrims by the highway-side; + The meadows green, besides their fragrant smell, + Yield dainties for them; and he who can tell + What pleasant fruit, yea, leaves, these trees do yield, + Will soon sell all, that he may buy this field." + +So when they were disposed to go on (for they were not as yet at their +journey's end,) they ate and drank, and departed. + +Now, I beheld in my dream that they had not journeyed far, but the river +and the way for a time parted, at which they were not a little sorry; +yet they durst not go out of the way. Now the way from the river was +rough, and their feet tender by reason of their travels; so the souls of +the pilgrims were much discouraged because of the way. Wherefore, still +as they went on they wished for a better way. Now, a little before them +there was, on the left hand of the road, a meadow, and a stile to go +over into it, and that meadow is called By-path Meadow. Then said +Christian to his fellow, "If this meadow lieth along by our wayside, +let's go over it." Then he went to the stile to see; and behold, a path +lay along by the way on the other side of the fence. "It is according to +my wish," said Christian; "here is the easiest going. Come, good +Hopeful, and let us go over." + +HOPE. But how if this path should lead us out of the way? + +[Sidenote: VAIN-CONFIDENCE] + +CHRIS. "That is not likely," said the other. "Look, doth it not go along +by the wayside?" So Hopeful, being persuaded by his fellow, went after +him over the stile. When they were gone over, and were got into the +path, they found it very easy to their feet; and withal, they, looking +before them, espied a man walking as they did, and his name was +Vain-Confidence: so they called after him, and asked him whither that +way led. He said, "To the Celestial Gate." "Look," said Christian, "did +not I tell you so? By this you may see we are right." So they followed, +and he went before them. But, behold, the night came on, and it grew +very dark; so that they that were behind lost sight of him that went +before. He, therefore, that went before (Vain-Confidence by name) not +seeing the way before him, fell into a deep pit, which was on purpose +there made by the prince of those grounds to catch careless fools, +withal and was dashed in pieces with his fall. + +Now Christian and his fellow heard him fall. So they called to know the +matter; but there was none to answer, only they heard a groaning. Then +said Hopeful, "Where are we now?" Then was his fellow silent, as +mistrusting that he had led him out of the way; and now it began to +rain, and thunder, and lighten in a most dreadful manner, and the water +rose amain. + +Then Hopeful groaned in himself, saying, "Oh that I had kept on my way!" + +CHRIS. Who could have thought that this path should have led us out of +the way? + +HOPE. I was afraid on't at the very first, and therefore gave you that +gentle caution. I would have spoken plainer, but that you are older than +I. + +CHRIS. Good brother, be not offended. I am very sorry I have brought +thee out of the way, and that I have put thee into such great danger. +Pray, my brother, forgive me: I did not do it of any evil intent. + +HOPE. Be comforted, my brother, for I forgive thee, and believe, too, +that this shall be for our good. + +CHRIS. I am glad I have with me a merciful brother; but we must not +stand still: let us try to go back again. + +HOPE. But, good brother, let me go before. + +CHRIS. No, if you please; let me go first, that, if there be any +danger, I may be first therein, because by my means we are both gone out +of the way. + +HOPE. "No, you shall not go first; for your mind being troubled may lead +you out of the way again." Then for their encouragement they heard the +voice of one saying, "Let thine heart be towards the highway, even the +way that thou wentest; turn again." But by this time the waters were +greatly risen, by reason of which the way of going back was very +dangerous. (Then I thought that it is easier going out of the way when +we are in, than going in when we are out.) Yet they undertook to go +back; but it was so dark, and the flood so high, that, in their going +back, they had like to have been drowned nine or ten times. + +[Sidenote: GIANT DESPAIR] + +Neither could they, with all the skill they had, get again to the stile +that night. Wherefore, at last lighting under a little shelter, they sat +down there until daybreak; but, being weary, they fell asleep. Now, +there was, not far from the place where they lay, a castle, called +Doubting Castle the owner whereof was Giant Despair, and it was in his +grounds they now were sleeping; wherefore he, getting up in the morning +early, and walking up and down in his fields, caught Christian and +Hopeful asleep in his grounds. Then, with a grim and surly voice, he bid +them awake, and asked them whence they were, and what they did in his +grounds. They told him they were pilgrims, and that they had lost their +way. Then said the giant, "You have this night trespassed on me by +trampling in and lying on my grounds, and therefore you must go along +with me." So they were forced to go, because he was stronger than they. +They had also but little to say, for they knew themselves in fault. The +giant, therefore, drove them before him, and put them into his castle, +into a very dark dungeon, nasty and smelling vilely to the spirits of +these two men. Here, then, they lay from Wednesday morning till Saturday +night, without one bit of bread or drop of drink, or light, or any to +ask how they did; they were, therefore, here in evil case, and were far +from friends and people whom they knew. Now, in this place Christian had +double sorrow, because it was through his thoughtless haste that they +were brought into this distress. + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS IN A DUNGEON] + +Now, Giant Despair had a wife, and her name was Diffidence. So, when he +was gone to bed, he told his wife what he had done; to wit, that he had +taken a couple of prisoners and cast them into his dungeon for +trespassing on his grounds. Then he asked her also what he had best to +do further to them. So she asked him what they were, whence they came, +and whither they were bound; and he told her. Then she advised him, that +when he arose in the morning, he should beat them without any mercy. So, +when he arose, he getteth him a grievous crab-tree cudgel, and goes down +into the dungeon to them, and there first fell to abusing them as if +they were dogs, although they never gave him a word of distaste. Then he +falls upon them, and beats them fearfully, in such sort that they were +not able to help themselves, or to turn them upon the floor. This done, +he withdraws and leaves them there to sorrow over their misery and to +mourn under their distress. So all that day they spent their time in +nothing but sighs and bitter grief. The next night she, talking with her +husband about them further, and understanding that they were yet alive, +did advise him to tell them to make away with themselves. So, when +morning was come, he goes to them in a surly manner, as before and, +perceiving them to be very sore with the stripes that he had given them +the day before, he told them that, since they were never like to come +out of that place, their only way would be forthwith to make an end of +themselves, either with knife, halter, or poison: "For why," said he, +"should you choose life, seeing it is attended with so much bitterness?" +But they desired him to let them go. With that, he looked ugly upon +them, and rushing to them, had doubtless made an end of them himself, +but that he fell into one of his fits (for he sometimes, in sunshiny +weather, fell into fits), and lost for a time the use of his hands, +wherefore he withdrew, and left them as before to consider what to do. +Then did the prisoners consult between themselves, whether it was best +to take his advice or no; and thus they began to discourse: + +CHRIS. "Brother," said Christian, "what shall we do? The life we now +live is miserable. For my part, I know not whether is best, to live +thus, or to die out of hand. My soul chooseth strangling rather than +life, and the grave is more easy for me than this dungeon. Shall we be +ruled by the giant?" + +[Sidenote: HOPEFUL CHEERS CHRISTIAN] + +HOPE. Indeed, our present condition is dreadful; and death would be far +more welcome to me than thus for ever to abide. But yet, let us think: +the Lord of the country to which we are going hath said, "Thou shalt do +no murder," no, not to another man's person; much more, then, are we +forbidden to take his advice to kill ourselves. Besides, he that kills +another can but commit murder upon his body; but for one to kill himself +is to kill body and soul at once. And, moreover, my brother, thou +talkest of ease in the grave; but hast thou forgotten the hell, whither, +for certain, the murderers go? for "no murderer hath eternal life." And +let us consider again, that all the law is not in the hand of Giant +Despair: others, so far as I can understand, have been taken by him as +well as we, and yet have escaped out of his hand. Who knows but that +God, who made the world, may cause that Giant Despair may die? or that, +at some time or other, he may forget to lock us in? or that he may, in a +short time, have another of his fits before us, and he may lose the use +of his limbs? and if ever that should come to pass again, for my part, I +am resolved to pluck up the heart of a man, and try to my utmost to get +from under his hand. I was a fool that I did not try to do it before. +But however, my brother, let us be patient, and endure awhile: the time +may come that may give us a happy release; but let us not be our own +murderers. + +With these words, Hopeful at present did calm the mind of his brother; +so they continued together in the dark that day, in their sad and +doleful condition. + +Well, towards evening, the giant goes down into the dungeon again, to +see if his prisoners had taken his counsel. But, when he came there, he +found them alive; and truly, alive was all; for now, what for want of +bread and water, and by reason of the wounds they received when he beat +them, they could do little but breathe. But, I say, he found them alive; +at which he fell into a grievous rage, and told them that, seeing they +had disobeyed his counsel, it should be worse with them than if they had +never been born. + +At this they trembled greatly, and I think that Christian fell into a +swoon; but, coming a little to himself again, they renewed their +discourse about the giant's advice and whether yet they had best to take +it or no. Now, Christian again seemed for doing it; but Hopeful made his +second reply as followeth: + +HOPE. "My brother," said he, "rememberest thou not how valiant thou hast +been heretofore? Apollyon could not crush thee, nor could all that thou +didst hear, or see, or feel in the Valley of the Shadow of Death. What +hardship, terror, and amazement hast thou already gone through! and art +thou now nothing but fear? Thou seest that I am in the dungeon with +thee, a far weaker man by nature than thou art; also this giant has +wounded me as well as thee, and hath also cut off the bread and water +from my mouth; and, with thee, I mourn without the light. But let us +have a little more patience. Remember how thou showedst thyself the man +at Vanity Fair, and wast neither afraid of the chain, nor cage, nor yet +of bloody death. Wherefore, let us (at least to avoid the shame that it +becomes not a Christian to be found in) bear up with patience as well as +we can." + +Now, night being come again, and the giant and his wife being in bed, +she asked him concerning the prisoners, and if they had taken his +advice: to which he replied, "They are sturdy rogues; they choose rather +to bear all hardship than to make away with themselves." Then said she, +"Take them unto the castle-yard to-morrow, and show them the bones and +skulls of those that thou hast already killed; and make them believe, +ere a week comes to an end, thou wilt tear them also in pieces, as thou +hast done their fellows before them." + +So when the morning was come, the giant goes to them again, and takes +them into the castle-yard and shows them as his wife had bidden him. +"These," said he, "were pilgrims, as you are, once, and they trespassed +in my grounds as you have done; and when I thought fit, I tore them in +pieces; and so within ten days I will do you. Go, get you down to your +den again." And, with that, he beat them all the way thither. They lay, +therefore, all day on Saturday in a lamentable case, as before. Now, +when night was come, and when Mrs. Diffidence and her husband, the giant +were got to bed, they began to renew their talking of their prisoners; +and withal, the old giant wondered that he could neither by his blows +nor counsel bring them to an end. And, with that, his wife replied, "I +fear," said she, "that they live in hope that some will come to relieve +them; or that they have picklocks about them, by the means of which they +hope to escape." "And sayest thou so, my dear?" said the giant: "I will +therefore search them in the morning." + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS ESCAPE] + +Well, on Saturday about midnight, they began to pray, and continued in +prayer till almost break of day. + +Now, a little before it was day, good Christian, as one half amazed, +brake out into this earnest speech: "What a fool," quoth he, "am I to +lie in a foul-smelling dungeon, when I may as well walk at liberty! I +have a key in my bosom called Promise, that will, I am sure, open any +lock in Doubting Castle." Then said Hopeful, "That is good news, good +brother: pluck it out of thy bosom, and try." + +Then Christian pulled it out of his bosom, and began to try at the +dungeon door, whose bolt, as he turned the key, gave back, and the door +flew open with ease, and Christian and Hopeful both came out. Then he +went to the outward door that leads into the castle-yard, and with his +key opened that door also. After, he went to the iron gate, for that +must be opened too; but that lock went exceedingly hard, yet the key did +open it. Then they thrust open the gate to make their escape with speed; +but that gate, as it opened, made such a creaking, that it waked Giant +Despair who, hastily rising to pursue his prisoners, felt his limbs to +fail; for his fits took him again, so that he could by no means go after +them. Then they went on, and came to the King's highway again, and so +were safe because they were out of Giant Despair's rule. + +Now, when they were gone over the stile, they began to contrive with +themselves what they should do at that stile to prevent those that +should come after from falling into the hands of Giant Despair. So they +agreed to build there a pillar, and to engrave upon the side thereof +this sentence: "Over this stile is the way to Doubting Castle, which is +kept by Giant Despair, who despiseth the King of the Celestial Country, +and seeks to destroy His holy pilgrims." Many, therefore, that followed +after, read what was written, and escaped the danger. This done, they +sang as follows: + + "Out of the way we went, and then we found + What 'twas to tread upon forbidden ground: + And let them that come after have a care, + Lest heedlessness make them as we to fare; + Lest they for trespassing his prisoners are + Whose Castle's Doubting, and whose name's Despair." + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +[Sidenote: THE DELECTABLE MOUNTAINS] + + +They went then till they came to the Delectable[5] Mountains, which +mountains belong to the Lord of that hill of which we have spoken +before. So they went up to the mountains to behold the gardens and +orchards, the vineyards and fountains of water, where also they drank +and washed themselves, and did freely eat of the vineyards. Now there +were on the tops of these mountains shepherds feeding their flocks, and +they stood by the highway-side. The pilgrims, therefore, went to them, +and leaning upon their staves (as is common with weary pilgrims when +they stand to talk with any by the way), they asked, "Whose delightful +mountains are these, and whose be the sheep that feed upon them?" + + [5] This word means "pleasant," or "delightful." + +SHEP. These mountains are Immanuel's Land, and they are within sight of +His city; and the sheep also are His, and He laid down His life for +them. + +CHRIS. Is this the way to the Celestial City? + +SHEP. You are just in your way. + +CHRIS. How far is it thither? + +SHEP. Too far for any but those who shall get thither indeed. + +CHRIS. Is the way safe or dangerous? + +SHEP. Safe for those for whom it is to be safe; but sinners shall fall +therein. + +CHRIS. Is there in this place any relief for pilgrims that are weary and +faint in the way? + +SHEP. The Lord of these mountains hath given us a charge not to be +forgetful to care for strangers; therefore the good of the place is +before you. + +I saw also in my dream that when the shepherds perceived that they were +wayfaring men, they also put questions to them (to which they made +answer as in other places), as, "Whence came you?" and "How got you into +the way?" and, "By what means have you so persevered therein? for but +few of them that begin to come hither do show their faces on these +mountains." But when the shepherds heard their answers, being pleased +therewith they looked very lovingly upon them, and said, "Welcome to the +Delectable Mountains!" + +The shepherds, I say, whose names were Knowledge, Experience, Watchful, +and Sincere, took them by the hand and took them to their tents, and +made them partake of what was ready at present. They said moreover, "We +would that you should stay here awhile, to be acquainted with us, and +yet more to cheer yourselves with the good of these Delectable +Mountains." They then told them that they were content to stay. So they +went to rest that night, because it was very late. + +[Sidenote: THE SHEPHERDS CONDUCT THEM] + +Then I saw in my dream that in the morning the shepherds called up +Christian and Hopeful to walk with them upon the mountains. So they +went forth with them and walked a while, having a pleasant prospect on +every side. Then said the shepherds one to another, "Shall we show these +pilgrims some wonders?" So, when they had concluded to do it, they had +them first to the top of the hill called Error, which was very steep on +the farthest side, and bid them look down to the bottom. So Christian +and Hopeful looked down, and saw at the bottom several men dashed all to +pieces by a fall they had had from the top. Then said Christian, "What +meaneth this?" Then the shepherds answered, "Have you not heard of them +that were made to err, by hearkening to Hymeneus and Philetus, as +concerning the faith of the rising from the dead?" They answered, "Yes." +Then said the shepherds, "Those you see lie dashed to pieces at the +bottom of this mountain are they; and they have continued to this day +unburied, as you see, for an example to others to take heed how they +clamber too high, or how they come too near the brink of this mountain." + +Then I saw that they had them to the top of another mountain, and the +name of that is Caution and bid them look afar off; and when they did, +they perceived, as they thought, several men walking up and down among +the tombs that were there; and they perceived that the men were blind, +because they stumbled sometimes upon the tombs, and because they could +not get out from among them. Then said Christian, "What means this?" + +The shepherds then answered, "Did you not see a little below these +mountains a stile that led into a meadow on the left hand side of this +way?" They answered, "Yes." Then said the shepherds, "From that stile +there goes a path that leads directly to Doubting Castle, which is kept +by Giant Despair; and these men" (pointing to them among the tombs) +"came once on pilgrimage, as you do now, even until they came to that +same stile. And because the right way was rough in that place, they +chose to go out of it into that meadow, and there were taken by Giant +Despair, and cast into Doubting Castle, where, after they had been kept +a while in the dungeon, he at last did put out their eyes, and led them +among those tombs, where he has left them to wander to this very day, +that the saying of the Wise Man might be fulfilled, 'He that wandereth +out of the way of knowledge, shall remain in the congregation of the +dead.'" Then Christian and Hopeful looked upon one another with tears +gushing out, but yet said nothing to the shepherds. + +Then I saw in my dream, that the shepherds had them to another place in +a bottom, where was a door on the side of a hill; and they opened the +door, and bid them look in. They looked in, therefore, and saw that +within it was very dark and smoky; they also thought that they heard +there a rumbling noise, as of fire, and a cry of some tormented, and +that they smelt the scent of brimstone. Then said Christian, "What means +this?" The shepherds told them, "This is a by-way to hell, a way that +hypocrites go in at: namely, such as sell their birthright, with Esau; +such as sell their master, with Judas; such as blaspheme the Gospel, +with Alexander; and that lie and deceive with Ananias and Sapphira his +wife." + +HOPE. Then said Hopeful to the shepherds, "I perceive that these had on +them, even every one, a show of pilgrimage, as we have now; had they +not?" + +SHEP. Yes, and held it a long time too. + +HOPE. How far might they go on in pilgrimage in their day, since they +notwithstanding were thus miserably cast away? + +SHEP. Some farther, and some not so far as these mountains. + +Then said the pilgrims one to another, "We have need to cry to the +Strong for strength." + +SHEP. Ay, and you will have need to use it when you have it, too. + +[Sidenote: GATE OF THE CELESTIAL CITY] + +By this time the pilgrims had a desire to go forward, and the shepherds +a desire they should; so they walked together towards the end of the +mountains. Then said the shepherds one to another, "Let us here show to +the pilgrims the gate of the Celestial City, if they have skill to look +through our perspective glass."[6] The pilgrims then lovingly accepted +the motion; so they had them to the top of a high hill called Clear, and +gave them their glass to look. + + [6] "Perspective glass" is an old name for a telescope or spy-glass. + +Then they tried to look; but the remembrance of that last thing, that +the shepherds had showed them, made their hands shake, by means of which +hindrance they could not look steadily through the glass; yet they +thought they saw something like the gate, and also some of the glory of +the place. Thus they went away, and sang this song: + + "Thus by the shepherds secrets are revealed, + Which from all other men are kept concealed. + Come to the shepherds, then, if you would see + Things deep, things hid, and that mysterious be." + +When they were about to depart, one of the shepherds gave them a note of +the way. Another of them bid them beware of the Flatterer. The third bid +them take heed that they slept not upon the Enchanted Ground. And the +fourth bid them God speed. + +So I awoke from my dream. + + + + +CHAPTER IX. + +[Sidenote: THEY OVERTAKE IGNORANCE] + + +And I slept, and dreamed again, and saw the same two pilgrims going down +the mountains along the highway towards the city. Now, a little below +these mountains, on the left hand, lieth the country of Conceit; from +which country there comes into the way in which the pilgrims walked a +little crooked lane. Here, therefore, they met with a very brisk lad, +that came out of that country, and his name was Ignorance. So Christian +asked him from what parts he came, and whither he was going. + +IGNOR. Sir, I was born in the country that lieth off there a little on +the left hand, and I am going to the Celestial City. + +CHRIS. But how do you think to get in at the gate? for you may find some +difficulty there. + +IGNOR. As other people do. + +CHRIS. But what have you to show at the gate, that may cause that the +gate should be opened to you? + +IGNOR. I know my Lord's will, and have been a good liver; I pay every +man his own; I pray, fast, pay money to the church and give to the poor, +and have left my country for whither I am going. + +CHRIS. But thou camest not in at the wicket-gate that is at the head of +this way: thou camest in hither through that same crooked lane; and +therefore I fear, however thou mayest think of thyself, when the +reckoning day shall come, thou wilt have laid to thy charge that thou +art a thief and a robber, instead of getting admittance into the city. + +IGNOR. Gentlemen, ye be utter strangers to me: I know you not: be +content to follow the custom of your country, and I will follow the +custom of mine. I hope all will be well. And, as for the gate that you +talk of, all the world knows that that is a great way off of our +country. I cannot think that any man in all our parts doth so much as +know the way to it; nor need they matter whether they do or no, since we +have, as you see, a fine, pleasant green lane, that comes down from our +country, the next way into the way. + +When Christian saw that the man was wise in his own opinion, he said to +Hopeful, whisperingly, "There is more hope of a fool than of him." And +said, moreover "When he that is a fool walketh by the way, his wisdom +faileth him, and he saith to every one that he is a fool. What! shall we +talk further with him, or outgo him at present, and so leave him to +think of what he hath heard already, and then stop again for him +afterwards, and see if by degrees we can do any good to him?" + +Then said Hopeful: + + "Let Ignorance a little while now muse + On what is said, and let him not refuse + Good counsel to embrace, lest he remain + Still ignorant of what's the chiefest gain. + God saith, those that no understanding have + (Although He made them), them He will not save." + +HOPE. He further added, "It is not good, I think, to say all to him at +once: let us pass him by, if you will, and talk to him by and by, even +as he is able to bear it." + +So they both went on, and Ignorance he came after. Now, when they had +passed him a little way, they entered into a very dark lane, where they +met a man whom seven devils had bound with seven strong cords, and were +carrying of him back to the door that they saw on the side of the hill. +Now good Christian began to tremble, and so did Hopeful his companion; +yet, as the devils led away the man, Christian looked to see if he knew +him; and he thought it might be one Turn-away, that dwelt in the town of +Apostasy. But he did not perfectly see his face, for he did hang his +head like a thief that is found; but being gone past, Hopeful looked +after him, and espied on his back a paper with this inscription, "One +who was wicked while claiming to be good, and turned away from God." + +[Sidenote: THREE STURDY ROGUES] + +Then said Christian to his fellow, "Now I call to remembrance that which +was told of a thing that happened to a good man hereabout. The name of +that man was Little-Faith, but a good man, and dwelt in the town of +Sincere. The thing was this: At the entering in at this passage, there +comes down from Broad-way Gate a lane called Dead Man's Lane; so-called +because of the murders that are commonly done there; and this +Little-Faith, going on pilgrimage as we do now, chanced to sit down +there, and slept. Now, there happened at that time to come down that +lane, from Broad-way Gate, three sturdy rogues, and their names were +Faint-heart, Mistrust, and Guilt, three brothers; and they espying +Little-Faith, where he was, came galloping up with speed. Now, the good +man was just awaked from his sleep, and was getting up to go on his +journey. So they came up all to him, and with threatening language bid +him stand. At this, Little-Faith looked as white as a sheet and had +neither power to fight nor fly. Then said Faint-heart, 'Deliver thy +purse;' but, he making no haste to do it (for he was loth to lose his +money) Mistrust ran up to him, and, thrusting his hand into his pocket, +pulled out thence a bag of silver. Then he cried out, 'Thieves! +thieves!' With that, Guilt, with a great club that was in his hand, +struck Little-Faith on the head, and with that blow felled him flat to +the ground, where he lay bleeding as one that would bleed to death. All +this while the thieves stood by. But, at last, they hearing that some +were upon the road, and fearing lest it should be one Great-Grace, that +dwells in the city of Good-Confidence, they betook themselves to their +heels, and left this good man to shift for himself. Now, after a while, +Little-Faith came to himself, and, getting up, made shift to scramble on +his way. This was the story." + +HOPE. But did they take from him all that ever he had? + +CHRIS. No; the place where his jewels were they never ransacked; so +those he kept still. But as I was told, the good man was much afflicted +for his loss, for the thieves got most of his spending money. That which +they got not, as I said, were jewels; also he had a little odd money +left, but scarce enough to bring him to his journey's end. Nay, if I was +not misinformed, he was forced to beg as he went, to keep himself alive, +for his jewels he might not sell; but, beg and do what he could, he +went, as we say, often with a hungry stomach the most part of the rest +of the way. + +HOPE. But is it not a wonder they got not from him his certificate, by +which he was to receive admission at the Celestial Gate? + +CHRIS. It is a wonder; but they got not that, though they missed it not +through any cunning of his; for he, being dismayed by their coming upon +him, had neither power nor skill to hide anything; so it was more by +good providence than by his endeavor, that they missed of that good +thing. + +HOPE. But it must needs be a comfort to him that they got not his jewels +from him. + +CHRIS. It might have been great comfort to him, had he used it as he +should; but they that told me the story said, that he made but little +use of it all the rest of the way, and that because of the alarm that he +had in their taking away his money. Indeed, he forgot it a great part of +the rest of his journey; and besides, when at any time it came into his +mind, and he began to be comforted therewith, then would fresh thoughts +of his loss come again upon him, and those thoughts would swallow up +all. + +[Sidenote: HOPEFUL REBUKED] + +HOPE. Alas, poor man! this could not but be a great grief unto him. + +CHRIS. Grief! ay, a grief indeed. Would it not have been so to any of +us, had we been used as he, to be robbed and wounded too, and that in a +strange place, as he was? It is a wonder he did not die with grief, poor +heart! I was told that he scattered almost all the rest of the way with +nothing but doleful and bitter complaints; telling also to all that +overtook him, or that he overtook in the way as he went, where he was +robbed, and how; who they were that did it, and what he had lost; how he +was wounded, and that he hardly escaped with life. + +HOPE. But it is a wonder that his necessities did not put him upon +selling or pawning some of his jewels, that he might have wherewith to +relieve himself in his journey. + +CHRIS. Thou talkest like one whose head is thick to this very day. For +what should he pawn them, or to whom should he sell them? In all that +country where he was robbed, his jewels were not accounted of; nor did +he want that relief which could from thence be administered to him. +Besides, had his jewels been missing at the gate of the Celestial City, +he had (and that he knew well enough) been shut out from an inheritance +there; and that would have been worse to him than the coming and villany +of ten thousand thieves. + +HOPE. But, Christian, these three fellows, I am persuaded in my heart, +are but a company of cowards: would they have run else, think you, as +they did at the noise of one that was coming on the road? Why did not +Little-Faith pluck up a greater heart? He might, methinks, have stood +one brush with them, and have yielded when there had been no remedy. + +CHRIS. That they are cowards many have said, but few have found it so in +the time of trial. As for a great heart, Little-Faith had none; and I +perceive by thee, my brother, hadst thou been the man concerned, thou +art but for a brush, and then to yield. And, verily, since this is the +height of thy courage now they are at a distance from us, should they +appear to thee as they did to him, they might put thee to second +thoughts. But consider again, they are but journeymen-thieves; they +serve under the king of the bottomless pit, who, if need be, will come +in to their aid himself, and his voice is as the roaring of a lion. I +myself have been engaged as this Little-Faith was, and I found it a +terrible thing. These three villains set upon me: and I beginning like a +Christian to resist, they gave but a call, and in came their master. I +would, as the saying is, have given my life for a penny, but that, as +God would have it, I was clothed with armor of proof. Ay, and yet, +though I was so protected, I found it hard work to quit myself like a +man. No man can tell what in that combat attends us, but he that hath +been in the battle himself. + +[Sidenote: LITTLE-FAITH AND GREAT-GRACE] + +HOPE. Well, but they ran, you see, when they did but suppose that one +Great-Grace was in the way. + +CHRIS. True, they have often fled, both they and their master, when +Great-Grace hath but appeared; and no marvel, for he is the King's +champion. But I trow you will put some difference between Little-Faith +and the King's champion? All the King's subjects are not His champions, +nor can they when tried do such feats of war as he. Is it meet to think +that a little child should handle Goliath as David did? or that there +should be the strength of an ox in a wren? Some are strong, some are +weak; some have great faith, some have little: this man was one of the +weak, and therefore he went to the wall. + +HOPE. I would it had been Great-Grace for their sakes. + +CHRIS. If it had been he, he might have had his hands full; for I must +tell you that though Great-Grace is excellent good at his weapons, and +has, and can, so long as he keeps them at sword's point, do well enough +with them; yet, if they get within him, even Faint-heart, Mistrust, or +the other, it shall go hard but they will throw up his heels. And when a +man is down, you know, what can he do? + +Whoso looks well upon Great-Grace's face will see those scars and cuts +there, that shall easily give proof of what I say. Yea, once I heard +that he should say (and that when he was in the combat), "We despaired +even of life." How did these sturdy rogues and their fellows make David +groan, mourn, and roar! Yea, Heman, and Hezekiah too, though champions +in their days, were forced to bestir when by these attacked; and yet, +notwithstanding, they had their coats soundly brushed by them. Peter, +upon a time, would go try what he could do; but though some do say of +him that he is the prince of the apostles, they handled him so that they +made him at last afraid of a sorry girl. + +[Sidenote: LITTLE-FAITH AMONG THIEVES] + +Besides, their king is at their whistle--he is never out of hearing; and +if at any time they be put to the worst, he, if possible, comes in to +help them; and of him it is said, "The sword of him that layeth at him +cannot hold; the spear, the dart, nor the habergeon. He esteemeth iron +as straw, and brass as rotten wood. The arrow cannot make him flee; +sling-stones are turned with him into stubble. Darts are counted as +stubble: he laugheth at the shaking of a spear." What can a man do in +this case? It is true, if a man could at every turn have Job's horse, +and had skill and courage to ride him, he might do notable things. For +his neck is clothed with thunder. He will not be afraid as the +grasshopper: "the glory of his nostrils is terrible. He paweth in the +valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth on to meet the armed +men. He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted, neither turneth he his +back from the sword. The quiver rattleth against him, the glittering +spear and the shield. He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage; +neither believeth he that it is the sound of the trumpet. He saith among +the trumpets, Ha! ha! and he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder +of the captains, and the shouting." + +But for such footmen as thee and I are, let us never desire to meet with +an enemy, nor vaunt as if we could do better, when we hear of others +that have been foiled, nor be tickled at the thoughts of our manhood; +for such commonly come by the worst when tried. Witness Peter, of whom I +made mention before: he would swagger, ay, he would; he would, as his +vain mind prompted him to say, do better and stand more for his Master +than all men; but who so foiled and run down by those villains as he? + +Then Christian sang: + + "Poor Little-Faith! hast been among the thieves? + Wast robbed? Remember this: whoso believes + And gets more faith, shall then a victor be + Over ten thousand; else, scarce over three." + +So they went on, and Ignorance followed. They went then till they came +to a place where they saw a way put itself into their way, and seemed +withal to lie as straight as the way which they should go; and here they +knew not which of the two to take, for both seemed straight before them; +therefore here they stood still to consider. And, as they were thinking +about the way, behold, a man, black of flesh, but covered with a very +light robe, came to them, and asked them why they stood there. They +answered they were going to the Celestial City, but knew not which of +these ways to take. "Follow me," said the man; "it is thither that I am +going." So they followed him to the way that but now came into the road, +which by degrees turned and turned them so from the city that they +desired to go to, that, in a little time, their faces were turned away +from it; yet they followed him. But by-and-by, before they were aware, +he led them both within the folds of a net, in which they were both so +entangled that they knew not what to do; and with that, the white robe +fell off the black man's back. Then they saw where they were. Wherefore, +there they lay crying some time, for they could not get themselves out. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian to his fellow, "Now do I see myself in an +error. Did not the shepherds bid us beware of flatterers? As is the +saying of the Wise Man, so we have found it this day: 'A man that +flattereth his neighbor, spreadeth a net at his feet.'" + +[Sidenote: A SHINING ONE APPEARS] + +HOPE. They also gave us a note of directions about the way, for our more +sure finding thereof; but therein we have also forgotten to read, and +have not kept ourselves from the paths of the destroyer. Thus they lay +bewailing themselves in the net. At last they espied a Shining One +coming towards them with a whip of small cord in his hand. When he was +come to the place where they were, he asked them whence they came, and +what they did there. They told him that they were poor pilgrims going to +Zion, but were led out of their way by a black man clothed in white, +"Who bid us," said they, "follow him, for he was going thither too." +Then said he with the whip, "It is Flatterer, a false prophet, that hath +changed himself into an angel of light." So he rent the net, and let the +men out. Then said he to them, "Follow me, that I may set you in your +way again." So he led them back to the way which they had left to follow +the Flatterer. Then he asked them, saying, "Where did you lie the last +night?" They said, "With the shepherds upon the Delectable Mountains." +He asked them then if they had not of those shepherds a note of +direction for the way. They answered, "Yes." "But did you not," said he, +"when you were at a stand, pluck out and read your note?" They answered, +"No." He asked them, "Why?" They said they forgot. He asked them, +moreover, if the shepherds did not bid them beware of the Flatterer. +They answered, "Yes; but we did not imagine," said they, "that this +fine-spoken man had been he." + +Then I saw in my dream, that he commanded them to lie down; which when +they did, he whipped them sore, to teach them the good way wherein they +should walk; and, as he whipped them, he said, "As many as I love, I +rebuke and chasten; be zealous, therefore, and repent." This done, he +bid them go on their way, and take good heed to the other directions of +the shepherds. So they thanked him for all his kindness, and went softly +along the right way, singing: + + "Come hither, you that walk along the way, + See how the pilgrims fare that go astray; + They catched are in an entangling net, + 'Cause they good counsel lightly did forget; + 'Tis true, they rescued were; but yet, you see, + They're scourged to boot: let this your caution be." + +Now, after awhile they perceived afar off, one coming softly and alone, +all along the highway, to meet them. Then said Christian to his fellow, +"Yonder is a man with his back towards Zion, and he is coming to meet +us." + +HOPE. I see him: let us take heed to ourselves lest he should prove a +flatterer also. + +[Sidenote: THEY MEET ATHEIST] + +So he drew nearer and nearer, and at last came up to them. His name was +Atheist,[7] and he asked them whither they were going. + + [7] An atheist is one who does not believe that there is a God. + +CHRIS. We are going to Mount Zion. + +Then Atheist fell into a very great laughter. + +CHRIS. What is the meaning of your laughter? + +ATHEIST. I laugh to see what ignorant persons you are, to take upon +yourselves so tedious a journey, and yet are like to have nothing but +your travel for your pains. + +[Illustration: Atheist Laughing at Christian and Hopeful. + Page 170] + +CHRIS. Why, man, do you think we shall not be received? + +ATHEIST. Received! There is no such a place as you dream of in all this +world. + +CHRIS. But there is in the world to come. + +ATHEIST. When I was at home in mine own country, I heard as you now +affirm, and, from that hearing, went out to see, and have been seeking +this city these twenty years, but find no more of it than I did the +first day I set out. + +CHRIS. We have both heard and believe that there is such a place to be +found. + +ATHEIST. Had not I, when at home, believed I had not come thus far to +seek; but, finding none (and yet I should had there been such a place to +be found, for I have gone to seek it farther than you), I am going back +again, and will seek to refresh myself with the things that I then cast +away for hopes of that which I now see is not. + +CHRIS. Then said Christian to Hopeful his fellow, "Is it true which this +man hath said?" + +HOPE. Take heed; he is one of the flatterers. Remember what it hath cost +us once already for hearkening to such kind of fellows. What! no Mount +Zion? Did we not see from the Delectable Mountains the gate of the city? +Also, are we not now to walk by faith? Let us go on, lest the man with +the whip overtake us again. I say, my brother, cease to hear him, and +let us believe to the saving of the soul. + +CHRIS. My brother, I did not put the question to thee for that I +doubted of the truth of our belief myself, but to prove thee, and to +fetch from thee a fruit of the honesty of thy heart. As for this man, I +know that he is blinded. Let thee and me go on, knowing that we have +belief of the truth, and no lie is of the truth. + +HOPE. Now do I rejoice in hope of the glory of God. + +So they turned away from the man, and he, laughing at them, went his +way. + +I then saw in my dream that they went till they came into a certain +country, whose air naturally tended to make one drowsy if he came a +stranger into it. And here Hopeful began to be very dull and heavy of +sleep; wherefore he said unto Christian, "I do now begin to grow so +drowsy, that I can scarcely hold up mine eyes; let us lie down here, and +take one nap." + +CHRIS. "By no means," said the other, "lest sleeping, we never awake +more." + +HOPE. Why, my brother? sleep is sweet to the laboring man: we may be +refreshed if we take a nap. + +CHRIS. Do not you remember that one of the shepherds bid us beware of +the Enchanted Ground? He meant by that that we should beware of +sleeping; wherefore let us not sleep as others, but let us watch and be +sober. + +HOPE. I acknowledge myself in fault; and had I been here alone, I had, +by sleeping, run the danger of death. I see it is true that the Wise +Man saith, "Two are better than one." Hitherto hath thy company been my +help; and thou shalt have a good reward for thy labor. + +CHRIS. "Now, then," said Christian, "to prevent drowsiness in this +place, let us talk about something profitable." + +HOPE. With all my heart. + +[Sidenote: HOPEFUL NARRATES CONVERSION] + +CHRIS. Where shall we begin? + +HOPE. Where God began with us. But do you begin, if you please. + +CHRIS. I will sing you first this song: + + "When saints do sleepy grow, let them come hither, + And hear how these two pilgrims talk together; + Yea, let them learn of them, in any wise, + Thus to keep ope their drowsy, slumbering eyes. + Saints' fellowship, if it be managed well, + Keeps them awake, and that in spite of hell." + +CHRIS. Then Christian began, and said, "I will ask you a question. How +came you to think at first of doing as you do now?" + +HOPE. Do you mean, how came I at first to look after the good of my +soul? + +CHRIS. Yes, that is my meaning. + +HOPE. I continued a great while in the delight of those things which +were seen and sold at our fair; things which I believe now would have, +had I continued in them still, drowned me in ruin and destruction. + +CHRIS. What things were they? + +HOPE. All the treasures and riches of the world. Also I delighted much +in rioting, revelling, drinking, swearing, lying, uncleanness, +Sabbath-breaking, and what not, that tended to destroy the soul. But I +found at last, by hearing and considering of things that are holy, which +indeed I heard of you, as also of beloved Faithful, that was put to +death for his faith, and good living in Vanity Fair, that the end of +these things is death; and that, for these things' sake, the wrath of +God cometh upon those who disobey him. + +CHRIS. And did you presently fall under the power of this feeling? + +HOPE. No; I was not willing presently to know the evil of sin, nor the +destruction that follows upon the doing of it; but tried, when my mind +at first began to be shaken with the Word, to shut mine eyes against the +light thereof. + +CHRIS. But what was the cause of your waiting so long? + +HOPE. The causes were,--Firstly, I was ignorant that this was the work +of God upon me. Secondly, Sin was yet very sweet to my flesh, and I was +loth to leave it. Thirdly, I could not tell how to part with mine old +companions, their presence and actions were so desirable unto me. +Fourthly, The hours in which these feelings were upon me, were such +troublesome and such heart-affrighting hours, that I could not bear, no, +not so much as the remembrance of them upon my heart. + +CHRIS. Then, as it seems, sometimes you got rid of your trouble? + +HOPE. Yes, verily, but it would come into my mind again, and then I +should be as bad, nay, worse than I was before. + +CHRIS. Why, what was it that brought your sins to mind again? + +HOPE. Many things; as, + + 1. If I did but meet a good man in the streets; or, + + 2. If I have heard any read in the Bible; or, + + 3. If mine head did begin to ache; or, + + 4. If I were told that some of my neighbors + were sick; or, + + 5. If I heard the bell toll for some that were + dead; or, + + 6. If I thought of dying myself; or, + + 7. If I heard that sudden death happened to + others; + + 8. But especially when I thought of myself that + I must quickly come to judgment. + +CHRIS. And could you at any time with ease get off the guilt of sin, +when by any of these ways it came upon you? + +HOPE. No, not I; for then they got faster hold of my conscience; and +then, if I did but think of going back to sin (though my mind was turned +against it,) it would be double torment to me. + +CHRIS. And how did you do then? + +HOPE. I thought I must endeavor to mend my life; for else, thought I, I +am sure to be lost forever. + +CHRIS. And did you endeavor to mend? + +HOPE. Yes, and fled from not only my sins, but sinful company too, and +betook me to religious duties, as praying, reading, weeping for sin, +speaking truth to my neighbors, etc. These things did I, with many +others, too much here to tell. + +CHRIS. And did you think yourself well then? + +HOPE. Yes, for a while; but, at the last, my trouble came tumbling upon +me again, and that over the neck of all my trying to do right. + +CHRIS. How came that about, since you were now doing right, as far as +you knew? + +HOPE. There were several things brought it upon me; especially such +sayings as these: "All our righteousness are as filthy rags;" "By the +works of the law shall no flesh be made righteous;" "When ye shall have +done all those things which are commanded you, say, We are +unprofitable;" with many more such like. From whence I began to reason +with myself thus: If all my righteousness are filthy rags, if by the +deeds of the law no man can be made righteous, and if, when we have done +_all_, we are yet unprofitable, then it is but a folly to think of +heaven by the law. I further thought thus; If a man runs a hundred +pounds into the shopkeeper's debt, and after that shall pay for all that +he shall buy; yet his old debt stands still in the book uncrossed; for +the which the shopkeeper may sue him, and cast him into prison till he +shall pay the debt. + +CHRIS. Well, and how did you apply this to yourself? + +HOPE. Why, I thought thus with myself: I have by my sins run a great +way into God's book, and my now reforming will not pay off that score. +Therefore I should think still, under all my present trying. But how +shall I be freed from that punishment that I have brought myself in +danger of by my former sins. + +CHRIS. A very good application; but pray go on. + +HOPE. Another thing that hath troubled me ever since my late turning +from sin is, that if I look narrowly into the best of what I do now, I +still see sin, new sin, mixing itself with the best of that I do; so +that now I am forced to conclude that, notwithstanding my former fond +opinion of myself and duties, I have committed sin enough in one duty to +send me to hell, though my former life had been faultless. + +CHRIS. And what did you do then? + +HOPE. Do! I could not tell what to do, till I brake my mind to Faithful; +for he and I were well acquainted. And he told me, that unless I could +obtain the righteousness of a Man that never had sinned, neither mine +own nor all the righteousness of the world could save me. + +CHRIS. And did you think he spake true? + +HOPE. Had he told me so when I was pleased and satisfied with mine own +trying, I had called him fool for his pains; but now, since I see mine +own weakness and the sin which cleaves to my best performance, I have +been forced to be of his opinion. + +CHRIS. But did you think, when at first he suggested it to you, that +there was such a Man to be found, of whom it might justly be said that +He never committed sin? + +HOPE. I must confess the words at first sounded strangely; but after a +little more talk and company with him I had full certainty about it. + +CHRIS. And did you ask him what Man this was, and how you must be made +righteous by Him? + +HOPE. Yes, and he told me it was the Lord Jesus, that dwelleth on the +right hand of the Most High. And thus, said he, you must be made right +by Him, even by trusting what He hath done by Himself in the days of His +flesh, and suffered when He did hang on the tree. I asked him further, +How that Man's righteousness could be of that power to help another +before God? And he told me He was the mighty God, and did what He did, +and died the death also, not for Himself, but for me; to whom His +doings, and the worthiness of them, should be given if I believed on +Him. + +CHRIS. And what did you do then? + +HOPE. I made my objections against my believing, for that I thought He +was not willing to save me. + +CHRIS. And what said Faithful to you then? + +HOPE. He bid me go to Him and see. Then I said it was too much for me to +ask for. But he said No, for I was invited to come. Then he gave me a +book of Jesus' own writing to encourage me the more freely to come; and +he said concerning that book, that every word and letter thereof stood +firmer than heaven and earth. Then I asked him what I must do when I +came; and he told me I must entreat on my knees, with all my heart and +soul, the Father to reveal Him to me. Then I asked him further how I +must make my prayer to Him; and he said, Go, and thou shalt find Him +upon a mercy-seat, where He sits all the year long to give pardon and +forgiveness to them that come. I told him that I knew not what to say +when I came; and he bid me say to this effect: God be merciful to me a +sinner, and make me to know and believe in Jesus Christ; for I see that +if His righteousness had not been, or I have not faith in that +righteousness, I am utterly cast away. Lord, I have heard that Thou art +a merciful God, and hast given that Thy Son Jesus Christ should be the +Saviour of the world; and, moreover, that Thou art willing to bestow Him +upon such a poor sinner as I am. And I am a sinner indeed. Lord, take +therefore this opportunity, and show Thy grace in the salvation of my +soul, through Thy Son Jesus Christ. Amen. + +CHRIS. And did you do as you were bidden? + +HOPE. Yes, over, and over, and over. + +CHRIS. And did the Father show His son to you? + +HOPE. Not at the first, nor second, nor third, nor fourth, nor fifth; +no, nor at the sixth time neither. + +CHRIS. What did you do then? + +HOPE. What! why, I could not tell what to do. + +CHRIS. Had you no thoughts of leaving off praying? + +HOPE. Yes; a hundred times twice told. + +CHRIS. And what was the reason you did not? + +HOPE. I believed that that was true which had been told me; to wit, that +without the righteousness of this Christ, all the world could not save +me; and therefore, thought I with myself, if I leave off I die, and I +can but die at the throne of grace. And withal, this came into my mind: +"Though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not +tarry." So I continued praying until the Father showed me His Son. + +CHRIS. And how was He shown unto you? + +HOPE. I did not see Him with my bodily eyes, but with the eyes of my +heart, and thus it was: One day I was very sad, I think sadder than at +any one time in my life; and this sadness was through a fresh sight of +the greatness and vileness of my sins. And, as I was then looking for +nothing but hell and the everlasting loss of my soul, suddenly, as I +thought, I saw the Lord Jesus look down from heaven upon me, and saying, +"Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved." + +But I replied, "Lord, I am a great, a very great sinner." And He +answered, "My grace is sufficient for thee." Then I said, "But, Lord, +what is believing?" And then I saw from that saying, "He that cometh to +me shall never hunger, and he that believeth on me shall never thirst," +that believing and coming was all one; and that he that came, that is, +ran out in his heart and desire after salvation by Christ, he indeed +believed in Christ. Then the water stood in mine eyes, and I asked +further, "But, Lord, may such a great sinner as I am be indeed accepted +of Thee, and be saved by thee?" and I heard Him say, "And him that +cometh to me I will in no wise cast out." Then said I, "But how Lord, +must I consider of Thee in my coming to Thee, that my faith may be +placed aright upon Thee?" Then he said, "Christ Jesus came into the +world to save sinners. He is the end of the law for righteousness to +every one that believes. He died for our sins, and rose again for our +righteousness. He loved us, and washed us from our sins in His own +blood. He is Mediator between God and us. He ever liveth to plead for +us." From all which I gathered that I must look for righteousness in His +person, and for satisfaction for my sins by His blood; that what He did +in obedience to His Father's law, and in submitting to the penalty +thereof, was not for Himself, but for him that will accept it for his +salvation, and be thankful. And now was my heart full of joy, mine eyes +full of tears, and mine affections running over with love to the name, +people, and ways of Jesus Christ. + +CHRIS. This was a revelation of Christ to your soul indeed. But tell me +particularly what effect this had upon your spirit. + +HOPE. It made me see that all the world, notwithstanding all the +righteousness thereof, is in a state of condemnation. It made me see +that God the Father, though He be just, can justly forgive the coming +sinner. It made me greatly ashamed of the vileness of my former life, +and confounded me with the sense of my own ignorance; for there never +came thought into my heart before now, that showed me so the beauty of +Jesus Christ. It made me love a holy life, and long to do something for +the honor and glory of the name of the Lord Jesus. Yea, I thought that +had I now a thousand gallons of blood in my body, I could spill it all +for the sake of the Lord Jesus. + + + + +CHAPTER X. + + +I saw then in my dream that Hopeful looked back, and saw Ignorance, whom +they had left behind, coming after. "Look," said he to Christian, "how +far yonder youngster loitereth behind." + +CHRIS. Ay, ay, I see him: he careth not for our company. + +HOPE. But I think it would not have hurt him, had he kept pace with us +hitherto. + +CHRIS. That is true; but I warrant you he thinks otherwise. + +HOPE. That I think he doth; but, however, let us tarry for him. So they +did. + +CHRIS. Then Christian said to him, "Come away, man; why do you stay so +behind?" + +IGNOR. I take my pleasure in walking alone, even more a great deal than +in company, unless I like it the better. + +Then said Christian to Hopeful (but softly), "Did I not tell you he +cared not for our company? But, however," said he, "come up, and let us +talk away the time in this solitary place." Then, directing his speech +to Ignorance, he said, "Come how do you? How stands it between God and +your soul now?" + +IGNOR. I hope well; for I am always full of good thoughts, that come +into my mind to comfort me as I walk. + +CHRIS. What good motions? pray tell us. + +IGNOR. Why, I think of God and heaven. + +CHRIS. So do the devils and lost souls. + +IGNOR. But I think of them and desire them. + +CHRIS. So do many that are never like to come there. "The soul of the +sluggard desireth and hath nothing." + +IGNOR. But I think of them, and leave all for them. + +CHRIS. That I doubt, for leaving of all is a very hard matter; yea, a +harder matter than many are aware of. But why, or by what, art thou +persuaded that thou hast left all for God and heaven? + +IGNOR. My heart tells me so. + +CHRIS. The Wise Man says, "He that trusteth in his own heart is a fool." + +IGNOR. This is spoken of an evil heart; but mine is a good one. + +CHRIS. But how dost thou prove that? + +IGNOR. It comforts me in the hopes of heaven. + +CHRIS. That may be through its deceitfulness; for a man's heart may +minister comfort to him in the hopes of that thing for which he has yet +no ground to hope. + +IGNOR. But my heart and life agree together; and therefore my hope is +well grounded. + +CHRIS. Who told thee that thy heart and life agree together? + +IGNOR. My heart tells me so. + +CHRIS. Ask my fellow if I be a thief! Thy heart tells thee so! Except +the Word of God telleth thee in this matter, other testimony is of no +value. + +IGNOR. But is it not a good heart that hath good thoughts? and is not +that a good life that is according to God's commandments? + +CHRIS. Yes, that is a good heart that hath good thoughts, and that is a +good life that is according to God's commandments; but it is one thing, +indeed, to have these, and another thing only to think so. + +IGNOR. Pray, what count you good thoughts, and a life according to God's +commandments? + +CHRIS. There are good thoughts of many kinds: some respecting ourselves, +some God, some Christ, and some other things. + +IGNOR. You go so fast, I cannot keep pace with you. Do you go on before: +I must stay awhile behind. + +Then they said: + + "Well, Ignorance, wilt thou yet foolish be, + To slight good counsel, ten times given thee? + And if thou yet refuse it, thou shalt know, + Ere long, the evil of thy doing so. + Remember, man, in time; stoop, do not fear; + Good counsel, taken well, saves; therefore hear: + But, if thou yet shalt slight it, thou wilt be + The loser, Ignorance, I'll warrant thee." + +Then Christian addressed himself thus to his fellow: + +CHRIS. Well, come, my good Hopeful; I perceive that thou and I must +walk by ourselves again. + +[Sidenote: THE TWO PILGRIMS PROCEED] + +So I saw in my dream that they went on apace before, and Ignorance he +came hobbling after. Then said Christian to his companion, "It pities me +much for this poor man: it will certainly go ill with him at last." + +HOPE. Alas! there are abundance in our town in his condition, whole +families, yea, whole streets, and that of pilgrims, too; and if there be +so many in our parts, how many, think you, must there be in the place +where he was born? + +CHRIS. Indeed, the Word saith, "He hath blinded their eyes, lest they +should see." + +HOPE. Well said; I believe you have said the truth. Are we now almost +got past the Enchanted Ground? + +CHRIS. Why, art thou weary of our talking? + +HOPE. No, verily; but that I would know where we are. + +CHRIS. We have not now above two miles farther to go thereon. Well, we +will leave at this time our neighbor Ignorance by himself, and fall upon +another subject. + +HOPE. With all my heart; but you shall still begin. + +CHRIS. Well, then, did you not know, about ten years ago, one Temporary +in your parts, who was a forward man in religion then? + +HOPE. Know him! yes; he dwelt in Graceless, a town about two miles off +of Honesty, and he dwelt next door to one Turnback. + +CHRIS. Right, he dwelt under the same roof with him. Well, that man was +much awakened once: I believe that then he had some sight of his sins, +and of the punishment that was due thereto. + +HOPE. I am of your mind; for (my house not being above three miles from +him) he would ofttimes come to me, and that with many tears. Truly, I +pitied the man, and was not altogether without hope of him; but one may +see, it is not every one that cries "Lord! Lord!" + +CHRIS. He told me once that he was resolved to go on pilgrimage as we do +now; but all of a sudden he grew acquainted with one Save-self, and then +he became a stranger to me, for at that time he gave up going on +pilgrimage. + + + + +CHAPTER XI. + +[Sidenote: BEULAH LAND] + + +Now I saw in my dream, that by this time the pilgrims were got over the +Enchanted Ground, and entering into the country of Beulah, whose air was +very sweet and pleasant: the way lying directly through it, they enjoyed +themselves there for a season. Yea, here they heard continually the +singing of birds and saw every day the flowers appear on the earth, and +heard the voice of the turtle in the land. In this country the sun +shineth night and day; wherefore this was beyond the Valley of the +Shadow of Death, and also out of the reach of Giant Despair; neither +could they from this place so much as see Doubting Castle. Here they +were within sight of the City they were going to; also here met them +some of the inhabitants thereof; for in this land the Shining Ones +commonly walked, because it was upon the borders of heaven. Here they +had no want of corn and wine; for in this place they met with abundance +of what they had sought for in all their pilgrimage. Here they heard +voices from out of the City, loud voices, saying, "Say ye to the +daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation cometh! Behold, His reward is +with Him!" Here all the inhabitants of the country called them "The holy +people, and redeemed of the Lord, sought out," etc. + +Now, as they walked in this land, they had more rejoicing than in parts +more remote from the kingdom to which they were bound; and drawing near +to the City, they had yet a more perfect view thereof. It was builded of +pearls and precious stones, also the streets thereof were paved with +gold; so that by reason of the natural glory of the City, and the +reflection of the sunbeams upon it, Christian with desire fell sick; +Hopeful also had a fit or two of the same disease, wherefore here they +lay by it awhile, crying out because of their pangs, "If you see my +Beloved tell Him that I am sick of love." + +But being a little strengthened, and better able to bear their sickness, +they walked on their way, and came yet nearer and nearer, where were +orchards, vineyards, and gardens, and their gates opened into the +highway. Now, as they came up to these places, behold, the gardener, +stood in the way; to whom the pilgrims said, "Whose goodly vineyards and +gardens are these?" He answered, "They are the King's, and are planted +here for His own delight, and also for the solace of pilgrims." So the +gardener had them into the vineyards, and bid them refresh themselves +with the dainties. He also showed them there the King's walks, and the +arbors where He delighted to be; and here they tarried and slept. + +Now I beheld in my dream, that they talked more in their sleep at this +time than ever they did in all their journey; and being in thought +thereabout, the gardener said even to me, "Wherefore dost thou meditate +at the matter? It is the nature of the fruit of the grapes of these +vineyards to go down so sweetly as to cause the lips of them that are +asleep to speak." + +So I saw, when they awoke they undertook to go up to the City. But, as I +said, the reflection of the sun upon the City (for the City was pure +gold) was so extremely glorious, that they could not, as yet, with open +face behold it, but through a glass made for that purpose. So I saw +that, as they went on, there met them two men in raiment that shone like +gold, also their faces shone as the light. + +These men asked the pilgrims whence they came; and they told them. They +also asked them where they had lodged, what difficulties and dangers, +what comforts and pleasures, they had met in the way; and they told +them. Then said the men that met them, "You have but two difficulties +more to meet with, and then you are in the City." + +Christian, then, and his companion, asked the men to go along with them; +so they told them that they would. "But," said they, "you must obtain it +by your own faith." So I saw in my dream that they went on together till +they came in sight of the gate. + +[Sidenote: A RIVER INTERVENES] + +Now I further saw, that betwixt them and the gate was a river; but there +was no bridge to go over, and the river was very deep. At the sight, +therefore, of this river, the pilgrims were much stunned; but the men +that went with them said, "You must go through, or you cannot come at +the gate." + +The pilgrims then began to inquire if there was no other way to the +gate; to which they answered, "Yes; but there hath not any save two, to +wit, Enoch and Elijah, been permitted to tread that path since the +foundation of the world, nor shall until the last trumpet shall sound." +The pilgrims then, especially Christian, began to be anxious in his +mind, and looked this way and that; but no way could be found by them by +which they might escape the river. Then they asked the men if the waters +were all of a depth. They said, "No," yet they could not help them in +that case; "for," said they, "you shall find it deeper or shallower as +you believe in the King of the place." + +They then addressed themselves to the water; and, entering, Christian +began to sink, and crying out to his good friend Hopeful, he said, "I +sink in deep waters; the billows go over my head; all His waves go over +me." + +Then said the other, "Be of good cheer, my brother; I feel the bottom, +and it is good." Then said Christian, "Ah! my friend, the sorrows of +death have compassed me about; I shall not see the land that flows with +milk and honey." And with that, a great darkness and horror fell upon +Christian, so that he could not see before him. Also here he in a great +measure lost his senses, so that he could neither remember nor orderly +talk of any of those sweet refreshments that he had met with in the way +of his pilgrimage. But all the words that he spake still tended to show +that he had horror of mind, and heart-fears that he should die in that +river, and never obtain entrance in at the gate. Here also, as they that +stood by perceived, he was much in the troublesome thoughts of the sins +that he had committed, both since and before he began to be a pilgrim. +It was also observed that he was troubled with the sight of demons and +evil spirits; for ever and anon he would intimate so much by words. + +Hopeful, therefore, here had much ado to keep his brother's head above +water; yea, sometimes he would be quite gone down, and then, ere a while +he would rise up again half dead. Hopeful would also endeavor to comfort +him, saying, "Brother, I see the gate, and men standing by to receive +us;" but Christian would answer, "It is you, it is you they wait for: +you have been hopeful ever since I knew you." "And so have you," said he +to Christian. "Ah, brother," said he, "surely, if I were right, He would +now arise to help me; but for my sins He hath brought me into this +snare, and hath left me." Then said Hopeful, "My brother, these troubles +and distresses that you go through in these waters are no sign that God +hath forsaken you; but are sent to try you, whether you will call to +mind that which hitherto you have received of His goodness, and live +upon Him in your distresses." + +Then I saw in my dream that Christian was in thought awhile. To whom +also Hopeful added these words, "Be of good cheer, Jesus Christ maketh +thee whole." And, with that, Christian brake out with a loud voice, "Oh, +I see Him again; and He tells me, 'When thou passest through the waters, +I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow +thee.'" Then they both took courage; and the enemy was, after that, as +still as a stone, until they were gone over. Christian, therefore, +presently found ground to stand upon; and so it followed that the rest +of the river was but shallow. Thus they got over. + +[Sidenote: TWO SHINING MEN] + +Now, upon the bank of the river, on the other side, they saw the two +Shining Men again, who there waited for them. Wherefore, being come out +of the river, they saluted them, saying, "We are heavenly spirits, sent +forth to help those that shall be heirs of salvation." Thus they went +along towards the gate. Now, you must note that the City stood upon a +mighty hill; but the pilgrims went up that hill with ease, because they +had these two men to lead them up by the arms; also they had left their +mortal garments behind them in the river; for though they went in with +them, they came out without them. They therefore went up here with much +activity and speed, though the foundation upon which the City was framed +was higher than the clouds. They therefore went up through the regions +of the air, sweetly talking as they went, being comforted because they +had safely got over the river, and had such glorious companions to +attend them. + +[Sidenote: MOUNT ZION] + +The talk they had with the Shining Ones, was about the glory of the +place; who told them that the beauty and glory of it were such as could +not be put into words. "There," said they, "is the Mount Zion, the +heavenly Jerusalem, the innumerable company of angels, and the spirits +of good men made perfect. You are going now," said they, "to the +Paradise of God, wherein you shall see the tree of life, and eat of the +never-fading fruits thereof; and when you come there, you shall have +white robes given you, and your walk and talk shall be every day with +the King, even all the days of an eternal life. There you shall not see +again such things as you saw when you were in the lower region upon the +earth; to wit, sorrow, sickness, affliction, and death; 'for the former +things are passed away.' You are going now to Abraham, to Isaac, and to +Jacob, and to the prophets, men that God hath taken away from the evil +to come, and that are now resting upon their beds, each one walking in +his righteousness." The men then asked, "What must we do in the holy +place?" To whom it was answered, "You must there receive the comfort of +all your toil, and have joy for all your sorrow; you must reap what you +have sown, even the fruit of all your prayers, and tears, and sufferings +for the King by the way. In that place you must wear crowns of gold, +and enjoy the perpetual sight and visions of the Holy One; for there you +shall see Him as He is. There also you shall serve Him continually with +praise, with shouting and thanksgiving, whom you desired to serve in the +world, though with much difficulty, because of the weakness of your +bodies. There your eyes shall be delighted with seeing and your ears +with hearing the pleasant voice of the Mighty One. There you shall enjoy +your friends again that are gone thither before you; and there you shall +with joy receive even every one that follows into the holy place after +you. There also you shall be clothed with glory and majesty, and put +into a state fit to ride out with the King of Glory. When He shall come +with sound of trumpet in the clouds, as upon the wings of the wind, you +shall come with Him; and when He shall sit upon the throne of judgment, +you shall sit by Him; yea, and when He shall pass sentence upon all the +workers of evil, let them be angels or men, you also shall have a voice +in that judgment because they were His and your enemies. Also, when He +shall again return to the City, you shall go too, with sound of trumpet, +and be ever with Him." + +Now, while they were thus drawing towards the gate, behold, a company of +the heavenly host came out to meet them; to whom it was said by the +other two Shining Ones, "These are the men that have loved our Lord when +in the world, and that have left all for His holy name; and He hath +sent us to fetch them, and we have brought them thus far on their +desired journey, that they may go in and look their Redeemer in the face +with joy." Then the heavenly host gave a great shout, saying, "Blessed +are they which are called to the marriage supper of the Lamb." There +came out also at this time to meet them several of the King's +trumpeters, clothed in white and shining raiment who, with melodious +noises and loud, made even the heavens to echo with their sound. These +trumpeters saluted Christian and his fellow with ten thousand welcomes +from the world; and this they did with shouting and sound of trumpet. + +[Sidenote: THE CELESTIAL CITY] + +This done, they compassed them round on every side; some went before, +some behind, and some on the right hand, some on the left (as it were to +guard them through the upper regions), continually sounding as they +went, with melodious noise, in notes on high: so that the very sight was +to them that could behold it as if heaven itself was come down to meet +them. Thus, therefore, they walked on together; and, as they walked, +ever and anon these trumpeters, even with joyful sound, would, by mixing +their music, with looks and gestures, still signify to Christian and his +brother how welcome they were into their company, and with what gladness +they came to meet them. And now were these two men as it were in heaven +before they came at it, being swallowed up with the sight of angels, and +with hearing of their melodious notes. Here also they had the City +itself in view, and thought they heard all the bells therein to ring, +and welcome them thereto. But, above all, the warm and joyful thoughts +that they had about their own dwelling there with such company, and that +for ever and ever, oh! by what tongue or pen can their glorious joy be +expressed? + +And thus they came up to the gate. Now, when they were come up to the +gate, there was written over it in letters of gold, "BLESSED ARE THEY +THAT DO HIS COMMANDMENTS, THAT THEY MAY HAVE RIGHT TO THE TREE OF LIFE, +AND MAY ENTER IN THROUGH THE GATES INTO THE CITY." + +Then I saw in my dream, that the Shining Men bid them call at the gate: +the which when they did, some from above looked over the gate: such as +Enoch, Moses, and Elijah, and others, to whom it was said, "These +pilgrims are come from the City of Destruction, for the love that they +bear to the King of this place." And then the pilgrims gave in unto them +each man his certificate, which they had received in the beginning; +those therefore were carried in to the King, who, when He had read them, +said, "Where are the men?" To whom it was answered, "They are standing +without the gate." The King then commanded to open the gate, "that the +righteous nation," said He, "which keepeth the truth, may enter in." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that these two men went in at the gate; and lo! +as they entered, their looks were changed so that their faces became +bright; and they had garments put on that shone like gold. There were +also that met them with harps and crowns, and gave them to them--the +harps to praise withal, and the crowns in token of honor. Then I heard +in my dream that all the bells in the City rang again for joy, and that +it was said unto them, "Enter ye into the joy of your Lord." I also +heard the men themselves, that they sang with a loud voice, saying, +"Blessing, and honor, and glory, and power, be unto Him that sitteth +upon the throne, and unto the Lamb, for ever and ever!" + +Now, just as the gates were opened to let in the men, I looked in after +them, and behold, the City shone like the sun; the streets also were +paved with gold; and in them walked many men with crowns on their heads, +palms in their hands, and golden harps to sing praises withal. + +There were also of them that had wings, and they answered one another +without ceasing, saying, "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord!" And, after +that, they shut up the gates; which when I had seen, I wished myself +among them. + +[Sidenote: IGNORANCE FAILS TO ENTER] + +Now while I was gazing upon all these things, I turned my head to look +back, and saw Ignorance come up to the river-side; but he soon got over, +and that without half the difficulty which the other two men met with. +For it happened that there was then in the place one Vain-Hope, a +ferryman, that with his boat helped him over; so he, as the others I +saw, did ascend the hill, to come up to the gate; only he came alone, +neither did any man meet him with the least encouragement. When he was +come up to the gate, he looked up to the writing that was above, and +then began to knock, supposing that entrance should have been quickly +given to him; but he was asked by the men that looked over the top of +the gate, "Whence came you? and what would you have?" He answered, "I +have eaten and drunk in the presence of the King, and He has taught in +our streets." Then they asked him for his certificate, that they might +go in and show it to the King: so he fumbled in his bosom for one, and +found none. Then said they, "Have you none?" But the man answered never +a word. So they told the King; but He would not come down to see him, +but commanded the two Shining Ones that conducted Christian and Hopeful +to the City, to go out and take Ignorance, and bind him hand and foot, +and have him away. Then they took him up, and carried him through the +air to the door that I saw in the side of the hill, and put him in +there. Then I saw that there was a way to hell, even from the gates of +heaven, as well as from the City of Destruction! + + * * * * * + +So I awoke, and behold, it was a dream. + + + + +CONCLUSION. + + + Now, reader, I have told my dream to thee, + See if thou canst interpret it to me, + Or to thyself or neighbor; but take heed + Of misinterpreting; for that, instead + Of doing good, will but thyself abuse: + By misinterpreting, evil ensues. + Take heed also that thou be not extreme + In playing with the outside of my dream; + Nor let my figure or similitude + Put thee into a laughter or a feud. + Leave this for boys and fools; but as for thee, + Do thou the substance of my matter see. + Put by the curtains, look within my veil; + Turn up my metaphors, and do not fail, + There, if thou seekest them, such things to find + As will be helpful to an honest mind. + What of my dross thou findest there, be bold + To throw away; but yet preserve the gold. + What if my gold be wrapped up in ore?-- + None throws away the apple for the core. + But if thou shalt cast all away as vain, + I know not but t'will make me dream again. + + + + +THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. + +PART II. + + + + +CHAPTER I. + +COURTEOUS COMPANIONS,-- + + +Some time since, to tell you my dream that I had of Christian the +Pilgrim, and of his dangerous journey towards the Celestial Country, was +pleasant to me and profitable to you. I told you then, also, what I saw +concerning his wife and children, and how unwilling they were to go with +him on pilgrimage, insomuch that he was forced to go on his progress +without them; for he durst not run the danger of that destruction which +he feared would come by staying with them in the City of Destruction; +wherefore, as I then showed you, he left them and departed. + +Now, it hath so happened, through the abundance of business, that I have +been much hindered and kept back from my wonted travels into those parts +whence he went, and so could not, till now, obtain an opportunity to +make further inquiry after those whom he left behind, that I might give +you an account of them. But, having had some concerns that way of late, +I went down again thitherward. Now, having taken up my lodgings in a +wood about a mile off the place, as I slept I dreamed again. + +[Sidenote: THE AUTHOR AND MR. SAGACITY] + +And as I was in my dream, behold, an aged gentleman came by where I lay; +and, because he was to go some part of the way that I was travelling, +methought I got up and went with him. So, as we walked, and as travelers +usually do, I was as if we fell into discourse; and our talk happened to +be about Christian and his travels; for thus I began with the old man: + +"Sir," said I, "what town is that there below, that lieth on the left +hand of our way?" + +Then said Mr. Sagacity (for that was his name), "It is the City of +Destruction; a populous place, but possessed with a very ill-conditioned +and idle sort of people." + +"I thought that was that city," quoth I: "I went once myself through +that town, and therefore know that this report you give of it is true." + +SAG. Too true! I wish I could speak truth in speaking better of them +that dwell therein. + +"Well, sir," quoth I, "then I perceive you to be a well-meaning man, and +so one that takes pleasure to hear and tell of that which is good. Pray, +did you never hear what happened to a man some time ago of this town +(whose name was Christian), that went on pilgrimage up towards the +higher regions?" + +SAG. Hear of him! Ay, and I also heard of the difficulties, troubles, +wars, captivities, cries, groans, frights and fears that he met with and +had in his journey. Besides, I must tell you all our country rings of +him: there are but few houses that have heard of him and his doings but +have sought after and got the record of his pilgrimage. Yea, I think I +may say that his hazardous journey has got many wellwishers to his ways; +for though, when he was here, he was a fool in every man's mouth, yet +now he is gone he is highly commended of all. For 'tis said he lives +bravely where he is: yea, many of them that are resolved never to run +his risks yet have their mouths water at his gains. + +"They may," quoth I, "well think, if they think anything that is true, +that he liveth well where he is; for he now lives at and in the Fountain +of Life, and has what he has without labor and sorrow; for there is no +grief mixed therewith. But, pray, what talk have the people about him?" + +SAG. Talk! the people talk strangely about him: some say that he now +walks in white; that he has a chain of gold about his neck; that he has +a crown of gold beset with pearls upon his head. Others say that the +Shining Ones, that sometimes showed themselves unto him in his journey, +are become his companions, and that he is as familiar with them in the +place where he is, as here one neighbor is with another. Besides, it is +confidently spoken concerning him, that the King of the place where he +is has bestowed upon him already a very rich and pleasant dwelling at +court, and that he every day eateth and drinketh and walketh with Him, +and receiveth of the smiles and favors of Him that is judge of all +there. Moreover, it is expected of some, that his Prince, the Lord of +that country, will shortly come into these parts, and will know the +reason, if they can give any, why his neighbors set so little by him, +and had him so much in derision, when they perceived that he would be a +Pilgrim. For they say, now he is so in the affections of his Prince, and +that his Sovereign is so much concerned with the wrongs that were cast +upon Christian when he became a Pilgrim, that He will look upon all as +if done unto Himself; and no marvel, for it was for the love that he had +to his Prince that he ventured as he did. + +[Sidenote: SAGACITY TELLS OF CHRISTIANA] + +"I daresay," quoth I; "I am glad on't; I am glad for the poor man's +sake, for that he now has rest from his labor, and for that he reapeth +the benefit of his tears with joy, and for that he has got beyond +gunshot of his enemies, and is out of the reach of them that hate him. I +also am glad for that a rumor of these things is noised abroad in this +country: who can tell but that it may work some good effect on some that +are left behind? But pray, sir, while it is fresh in my mind, do you +hear anything of his wife and children? Poor hearts! I wonder in my mind +what they do." + +SAG. Who? Christiana and her sons? They are like to do as well as did +Christian himself; for, though they all played the fool at first, and +would by no means be persuaded by either the tears or entreaties of +Christian, yet, second thoughts have wrought wonderfully with them, so +they have packed up, and are also gone after him. + +"Better and better," quoth I: "but, what! wife and children and all?" + +SAG. It is true: I can give you an account of the matter, for I was upon +the spot at the instant, and was thoroughly acquainted with the whole +affair. + +"Then," said I, "a man, it seems, may report it for a truth?" + +SAG. You need not fear to declare it. I mean, that they are all gone on +pilgrimage, both the good woman and her four boys. And, since (we are, +as I perceive) going some considerable way together, I will give you an +account of the whole matter. + +This Christiana (for that was her name from the day that she, with her +children betook themselves to a pilgrim's life) after her husband had +gone over the river, and she could hear of him no more, her thoughts +began to work in her mind. First, for that she had lost her husband, and +of that the loving bond of that relation was utterly broken betwixt +them. For you know (said he to me) it is only natural that the living +should have many sad thoughts, in the remembrance of the loss of loving +relations. This, therefore, of her husband, did cost her many a tear. +But this was not all; for Christiana did also begin to consider with +herself, whether unbecoming behavior towards her husband was not one +cause that she saw him no more, and that in such sort he was taken away +from her. And, upon this, came into her mind, by swarms, all her unkind, +unnatural, and ungodly treatment of her dear friend; which also troubled +her conscience, and did load her with guilt. She was, moreover, much +broken with recalling to remembrance the restless groans, brinish tears, +and self-bemoanings of her husband, and how she did harden her heart +against all his entreaties and loving persuasions of her and her sons to +go with him; yea, there was not anything that Christian either said to +her or did before her, all the while that his burden did hang on his +back, but it returned upon her like a flash of lightning, and rent her +heart in sunder. Specially that bitter outcry of his, "What shall I do +to be saved?" did ring in her ears most dolefully. + +Then said she to her children, "Sons, we are all undone. I have sinned +away your father, and he is gone; he would have had us with him, but I +would not go myself; I also have hindered you of life." + +With that, the boys fell all into tears, and cried out to go after their +father. + +"Oh," said Christiana, "that it had been but our lot to go with him! +then had it fared well with us, beyond what it is like to do now. For +though I formerly foolishly imagined, concerning the troubles of your +father, that they came from a foolish fancy that he had, or for that he +was overrun with melancholy humors; yet now it will not out of my mind +but that they sprang from another cause; and it was this, that the light +of life was given him, by the help of which, as I perceive, he has +escaped the snares of death." + +[Sidenote: OF CHRISTIANA'S DREAM] + +Then they all wept again, and cried out, "Oh, woe worth the day!" + +The next night Christiana had a dream; and, behold, she saw as if a +broad parchment were opened before her, in which were recorded the sum +of her ways; and the times, as she thought, looked very black upon her. +Then she cried out aloud in her sleep, "Lord, have mercy upon me a +sinner!" and the little children heard her. + +After this, she thought she saw two very ill-favored ones standing by +her bed-side, and saying, "What shall we do with this woman? for she +cries out for mercy waking and sleeping: if she be suffered to go on as +she begins, we shall lose her as we have lost her husband. Wherefore we +must, by one way or other, seek to take her off from the thoughts of +what shall be hereafter; else, all the world cannot help but she will +become a pilgrim." + +Now she awoke in a great sweat; also a trembling was upon her; but after +a while, she fell to sleeping again. And then she thought she saw +Christian her husband in a place of bliss, among many immortals, with a +harp in his hand, standing and playing upon it before One that sat upon +a throne, with a rainbow about His head. + +She saw, also, as if he bowed his head with his face to the paved work +that was under the Prince's feet, saying, "I heartily thank my Lord and +King for bringing of me into this place." Then shouted a company of them +that stood round about, and harped with their harps; but no man living +could tell what they said, but Christian and his companions. + +Next morning, when she was up, and had prayed to God and talked with her +children a while, one knocked hard at the door; to whom she spake out, +saying, "If thou comest in God's name, come in." So he said, "Amen," and +opened the door, and saluted her with "Peace be to this house!" The +which, when he had done, he said, "Christiana, knowest thou wherefore I +am come?" Then she blushed and trembled, also her heart began to wax +warm with desires to know from whence he came, and what was his errand +to her. So he said unto her, "My name is Secret: I dwell with those that +are on high. It is talked of where I dwell, as if thou hadst a desire to +go thither; also there is a report that thou art aware of the evil thou +hast formerly done to thy husband, in hardening thy heart against his +way, and in keeping of these thy babes in their ignorance. Christiana, +the Merciful One hath sent me to tell thee, that He is a God ready to +forgive, and that He taketh delight to pardon offences. He also would +have thee know that He inviteth thee to come into His presence, to His +table, and that He will feed thee with the fat of His house, and with +the heritage of Jacob thy father. + +"There is Christian, thy husband that was, with legions more, his +companions, ever behold that face that doth minister life to beholders; +and they will be glad when they shall hear the sound of thy feet step +over thy Father's threshold." + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIANA IS SENT FOR] + +Christiana at this was greatly abashed in herself, and bowed her head to +the ground. + +This visitor proceeded, and said, "Christiana, here is also a letter for +thee, which I have brought from thy husband's King." So she took it, and +opened it; but it smelt after the manner of the best perfume; also it +was written in letters of gold. The contents of the letter were these: +"That the King would have her to do as Christian her husband; for that +was the way to come to His City, and to dwell in His presence with joy +for ever." + +At this the good woman was quite overcome; so she cried out to her +visitor, "Sir, will you carry me and my children with you, that we also +may worship this King?" + +Then said the visitor, "Christiana, the bitter is before the sweet. Thou +must through troubles, as did he that went before thee, enter the +Celestial City. Wherefore I advise thee to do as did Christian thy +husband: go to the wicket-gate yonder over the plain, for that stands in +the head of the way up which you must go; and I wish thee all good +speed. Also I advise that thou put this letter in thy bosom, that thou +read therein to thyself, and to thy children, until you have got it by +rote of heart: for it is one of the songs that thou must sing while thou +art in this house of thy pilgrimage. Also this thou must deliver in at +the farther gate." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that this old gentleman, as he told me the +story, did himself seem to be greatly affected therewith. He moreover +went on, and said: + +So Christiana called her sons together, and began thus to address +herself unto them: "My sons, I have, as you may perceive, been of late +under much trouble in my soul about the death of your father: not for +that I doubt at all of his happiness, for I am satisfied now that he is +well. I have also been much affected with the thoughts of mine own state +and yours, which I verily believe is by nature miserable. My treatment +also of your father in his distress is a great load to my conscience, +for I hardened both mine own heart and yours against him, and refused to +go with him on pilgrimage. + +"The thoughts of these things would now kill me outright, but for a +dream which I had last night, and but for the encouragement that this +stranger has given me this morning. Come, my children, let us pack up, +and be gone to the gate that leads to the Celestial Country, that we may +see your father, and be with him and his companions in peace, according +to the laws of that land." + +Then did her children burst out into tears, for joy that the heart of +their mother was so inclined. So their visitor bade them farewell; and +they began to prepare to set out for their journey. + +[Sidenote: MRS. TIMOROUS AND CHRISTIANA] + +But while they were thus about to be gone, two of the women that were +Christiana's neighbors came up to the house, and knocked at the door. +To whom she said as before, "if you come in God's name, come in." At +this the women were stunned; for this kind of language they used not to +hear, or to perceive to drop from the lips of Christiana. Yet they came +in; but, behold they found the good woman preparing to be gone from her +house. + +So they began, and said, "Neighbor, pray what is your meaning by this?" + +Christiana answered and said to the eldest of them, whose name was Mrs. +Timorous, "I am preparing for a journey." + +This Timorous was daughter to him that met Christian upon the Hill +Difficulty, and would have had him go back for fear of the lions. + +TIM. For what journey, I pray you? + +CHR. Even to go after my good husband. And with that she fell a weeping. + +TIM. I hope not so, good neighbor. Pray, for your poor children's sake, +do not so unwomanly cast away yourself. + +CHR. Nay, my children shall go with me; not one of them is willing to +stay behind. + +TIM. I wonder in my very heart what or who has brought you into this +mind! + +CHR. Oh, neighbor, knew you but as much as I do, I doubt not but that +you would go with me. + +TIM. Prithee, what new knowledge hast thou got that so worketh off thy +mind from thy friends, and that tempteth thee to go nobody knows where? + +CHR. Then Christiana replied, "I have been sorely afflicted since my +husband's departure from me, but especially since he went over the +river. But that which troubleth me most is my unkind treatment of him +when he was under his distress. Besides, I am now as he was then: +nothing will serve me but going on pilgrimage. I was a-dreaming last +night that I saw him. Oh that my soul was with him! He dwelleth in the +presence of the King of the country; he sits and eats with Him at His +table; he has become a companion of immortals, and has a house now given +him to dwell in, to which the best palaces on earth, if compared, seem +to me but as a dunghill. The Prince of the place has also sent for me, +with promises of entertainment if I shall come to Him; His messenger was +here even now, and has brought me a letter which invites me to come." +And with that she plucked out the letter, and read it, and said to them, +"What now will you say to this?" + +[Sidenote: MERCY ALSO DESIRES TO GO] + +TIM. Oh, the madness that hath possessed thee and thy husband, to run +yourselves upon such difficulties! You have heard, I am sure, what your +husband did meet with, even in a manner at the first step that he took +on his way, as our neighbor Obstinate can yet testify, for he went along +with them, yea, and Pliable too; until they, like wise men, were afraid +to go any farther. We also heard, over and above, how he met with the +lions, Apollyon, the Shadow of Death, and many other things. Nor is the +danger he met with at Vanity Fair to be forgotten by thee. For if he, +though a man, was so hard put to it, what canst thou, being but a poor +woman, do? Consider also that these four sweet babes are thy children, +thy flesh and thy bones. Wherefore, though thou shouldest be so rash as +to cast away thyself, yet, for the sake of thy children, keep thou at +home. + +But Christiana said unto her, "Tempt me not, my neighbor. I have now a +price put into my hands to get gain, and I should be a fool of the +greatest size if I should have no heart to strike in with the +opportunity. And for that you tell me of all these troubles which I am +like to meet with in the way, they are so far off from being to me a +discouragement, that they show I am in the right. The bitter must come +before the sweet, and that also will make the sweet the sweeter. +Wherefore, since you came not to my house in God's name, as I said, I +pray you to be gone, and not to disquiet me further." + +Then Timorous reviled her, and said to her fellow, "Come, neighbor +Mercy, let us leave her in her own hands, since she scorns our counsel +and company." But Mercy was at a stand, and could not so readily comply +with her neighbor, and that for a twofold reason. 1. Her heart yearned +over Christiana; so she said within herself, "If my neighbor will needs +be gone, I will go a little way with her, and help her." 2. Her heart +yearned over her own soul; for what Christiana had said had taken hold +upon her mind. Wherefore she said within herself again, "I will yet have +more talk with this Christiana, and if I find truth and life in what she +shall say, myself, with my heart, shall also go with her." Wherefore +Mercy began thus to reply to her neighbor Timorous: + +MER. Neighbor, I did indeed come with you to see Christiana this +morning; and since she is, as you see, taking her last farewell of her +country, I think to walk this sunshiny morning a little with her, to +help her on her way. + +But she told her not of the second reason, but kept that to herself. + +TIM. Well, I see you have a mind to go a-fooling too; but take heed in +time, and be wise. While we are out of danger, we are out; but when we +are in, we are in. + +So Mrs. Timorous returned to her house, and Christiana betook herself to +her journey. But when Timorous was got home to her house, she sends for +some of her neighbors; to wit, Mrs. Bat's-eyes, Mrs. Inconsiderate, Mrs. +Light-mind, and Mrs. Know-nothing. So, when they were come to her house, +she falls to telling of the story of Christiana and of her intended +journey. And thus she began her tale: + +[Sidenote: MRS. TIMOROUS' NEIGHBORS] + +TIM. Neighbors, having had little to do this morning, I went to give +Christiana a visit; and when I came at the door, I knocked, as you know +it is our custom; and she answered, "If you come in God's name come in." +So in I went, thinking all was well; but when I came in I found her +preparing herself to depart the town, she and also her children. So I +asked her what was her meaning by that. And she told me, in short, that +she was now of a mind to go on pilgrimage, as did her husband. She told +me also a dream that she had, and how the King of the country where her +husband was had sent her an inviting letter to come thither. + +Then said Mrs. Know-nothing, "And, what! do you think she will go?" + +TIM. Ay, go she will, whatever comes on't; and methinks I know it by +this: for that which was my great reason in persuading her to stay at +home (that is, the troubles she was like to meet with in the way) is one +great reason with her to put her forward on her journey. For she told +me, in so many words, "The bitter goes before the sweet; yea, and +forasmuch as it so doth, it makes the sweet the sweeter." + +MRS. BAT'S-EYES. "Oh, this blind and foolish woman!" said she; "will she +not take warning by her husband's trials? For my part, I see, if he were +here again, he would rest him content in a whole skin, and never run so +many dangers for nothing." + +Mrs. Inconsiderate also replied, saying, "Away with such fantastical +fools from the town! a good riddance, for my part, I say, of her! Should +she stay where she dwells, and retain this her mind, who could live +quietly by her? for she will either be dumpish, or unneighborly, or +talk of such matters as no wise body can abide. Wherefore, for my part, +I shall never be sorry for her departure: let her go, and let better +come in her room. It was never a good world since these whimsical fools +dwelt in it." + +Then Mrs. Light-mind added as followeth: "Come, put this kind of talk +away. I was yesterday at Madam Wanton's, where we were as merry as the +maids. For who do you think should be there, but I and Mrs. +Love-the-Flesh, and three or four more, with Mr. Lechery, Mrs. Filth, +and some others. So there we had music and dancing, and what else was +meet to fill up the pleasure. And, I dare say, my lady herself is an +admirable well-bred gentlewoman, and Mr. Lechery is as pretty a +fellow." + + + + +CHAPTER II. + +THE WICKET-GATE. + + +By this time Christiana was got on her way, and Mercy went along with +her. So as they went, her children being there also, Christiana began to +discourse. "And, Mercy," said Christiana, "I take this as an unexpected +favor, that thou shouldest set forth out of doors with me, to accompany +me a little in my way." + +MER. Then said young Mercy (for she was but young), "If I thought it +would be a good purpose to go with you, I would never go near the town +any more." + +CHR. "Well, Mercy," said Christiana, "cast in thy lot with me: I well +know what will be the end of our pilgrimage: my husband is where he +would not but be for all the gold in the Spanish mines. Nor shalt thou +be turned away, though thou goest but upon my invitation. The King who +hath sent for me and my children is One that delighteth in mercy. +Besides, if thou wilt, I will hire thee, and thou shalt go along with me +as my servant; yet we will have all things in common betwixt thee and +me, only go along with me." + +MER. But how shall I be sure that I also shall be welcomed? Had I this +hope but from one that can tell, I would have no hesitation at all, but +would go, being helped by Him that can help, though the way be never so +tedious. + +CHR. Well, loving Mercy, I will tell thee what thou shalt do: go with me +to the wicket-gate, and there I will further inquire for thee; and if +there thou dost not meet with encouragement, I will be content that thou +shalt return to thy place: I also will pay thee for thy kindness which +thou showest to me and my children, in the accompanying of us in our way +as thou dost. + +[Sidenote: MERCY GOES WITH CHRISTIANA] + +MER. Then will I go thither, and will take what shall follow; and the +Lord grant that my lot may there fall, even as the King of heaven shall +have His heart upon me! + +Christiana was then glad at her heart, not only that she had a +companion, but also for that she had prevailed with this poor maid to +fall in love with her own salvation. So they went on together and Mercy +began to weep. + +Then said Christiana, "Wherefore weepeth my sister so?" + +MER. "Alas!" said she, "who can but lament, that shall but rightly +consider what a state and condition my poor relations are in, that yet +remain in our sinful town? And that which makes my grief the more heavy +is, because they have no one to teach them nor to tell them what is to +come." + +CHR. Tenderness becometh pilgrims; and thou dost for thy friends as my +good Christian did for me when he left me: he mourned for that I would +not heed nor regard him; but his Lord and ours did gather up his tears, +and put them into His bottle; and now both I and thou, and these my +sweet babes, are reaping the fruit and benefit of them I hope, Mercy, +that these tears of thine will not be lost; for the Truth hath said that +"they that sow in tears shall reap in joy," in singing; and "he that +goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come +again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him." + +Then said Mercy: + + "Let the Most Blessed be my guide, + If 't be His blessed will, + Unto His gate, into His fold, + Up to His holy hill. + + "And never let Him suffer me + To swerve or turn aside + From His free grace and holy ways, + Whate'er shall me betide. + + "And let Him gather them of mine + That I have left behind: + Lord, make them pray they may be Thine, + With all their heart and mind." + +Now my old friend proceeded, and said, "But when Christiana came to the +Slough of Despond, she began to be at a stand; 'For,' said she, 'this is +the place in which my dear husband had like to have been smothered with +mud.' She perceived also that, notwithstanding the command of the King +to make this place for pilgrims good, yet it was rather worse than +formerly." So I asked if that was true. + +"Yes," said the old gentleman, "too true, for many there be that pretend +to be the King's laborers, and say they are for mending the King's +highway, that bring dirt and dung instead of stones, and so mar instead +of mending. Here Christiana, therefore, with her boys, did make a stand. +But said Mercy, 'Come, let us venture, only let us be wary.' Then they +looked well to their steps, and made shift to get staggeringly over. Yet +Christiana had to have been in, and that not once nor twice. + +"Now, they had no sooner got over, but they thought they heard words +that said unto them, 'Blessed is she that believeth, for there shall be +a performance of those things which were told her from the Lord.' + +"Then they went on again; and said Mercy to Christiana, 'Had I as good +ground to hope for a loving reception at the wicket-gate as you, I think +no Slough of Despond would discourage me.' + +"'Well,' said the other, 'You know your trouble, and I know mine; and, +good friend, we shall have enough evil before we come at our journey's +end. For can it be imagined that the people that design to attain such +excellent glories as we do, and that are so envied that happiness as we +are, but that we shall meet with what fears, with what troubles and +afflictions they can possibly assault us with, that hate us?'" + +[Sidenote: AT THE WICKET GATE] + +And now Mr. Sagacity left me to dream out my dream by myself. Wherefore, +methought I saw Christiana, and Mercy, and the boys, go all of them up +to the gate; to which when they were come they betook themselves to a +short debate about how they must manage their calling at the gate, and +what should be said unto him that did open unto them: so it was +concluded, since Christiana was the eldest, that she should knock for +entrance, and that she should speak to him that did open, for the rest. +So Christiana began to knock, and, as her poor husband did, she knocked +and knocked again. But instead of any that answered, they all thought +that they heard as if a dog came barking upon them; a dog, and a great +one too: and this made the women and children afraid, nor durst they for +a while to knock any more, for fear the mastiff should fly upon them. +Now, therefore, they were greatly tumbled up and down in their minds, +and knew not what to do. Knock they durst not, for fear of the dog; go +back they durst not, for fear the keeper of the gate should espy them as +they so went, and should be offended with them. At last they thought of +knocking again, and knocked more loudly than they did at first. Then +said the Keeper of the gate, "Who is there?" So the dog left off to +bark, and He opened unto them. + +Then Christiana made low obeisance, and said, "Let not our Lord be +offended with His handmaidens, for that we have knocked at His princely +gate." + +Then said the Keeper, "Whence come ye? and what is it that you would +have?" + +Christiana answered, "We are come from whence Christian did come, and +upon the same errand as he; to wit, to be, if it shall please you, +graciously admitted by this gate into the way that leads to the +Celestial City. And I answer, my Lord, in the next place, that I am +Christiana, once the wife of Christian, that now is gotten above." + +With that the Keeper of the gate did marvel, saying, "What! is she now +become a pilgrim, that, but a while ago hated that life?" + +Then she bowed her head, and said, "Yes; and so are these my sweet babes +also." + +Then He took her by the hand, and let her in, and said also, "Suffer the +little children to come unto me;" and with that He shut up the gate. +This done, He called to a trumpeter that was above, over the gate, to +entertain Christiana with shouting and sound of trumpet for joy. So he +obeyed, and sounded, and filled the air with his melodious notes. + +Now, all this while poor Mercy did stand without trembling and crying, +for fear that she was rejected. But when Christiana had got admittance +for herself and her boys, then she began to make intercession for Mercy. + +[Sidenote: MERCY FALLS IN A SWOON] + +CHR. And she said, "My Lord, I have a companion of mine that stands yet +without, that is come hither upon the same account as myself, one that +is much troubled in her mind, for that she comes, as she thinks, without +sending for; whereas I was sent to by my husband's King to come." + +Now Mercy began to be very impatient, for each minute was as long to her +as an hour; wherefore she prevented Christiana from asking for her more +fully by knocking at the gate herself. And she knocked then so loud that +she made Christiana to start. Then said the Keeper of the gate, "Who is +there?" And said Christiana, "It is my friend." + +So He opened the gate and looked out; but Mercy was fallen down without +in a swoon, for she fainted, and was afraid that no gate would be opened +to her. + +Then he took her by the hand, and said, "Maiden, I bid thee arise." + +"Oh, sir," said she, "I am faint: there is scarce life left in me." + +But He answered that "One once said, 'When my soul fainted within me, I +remembered the Lord; and my prayer came in unto Thee, into Thy holy +temple.' Fear not, but stand upon thy feet, and tell me wherefore thou +art come." + +MER. I am come for that unto which I was never invited, as my friend +Christiana was. Hers was from the King, and mine was but from her. +Wherefore I fear I presume. + +KEEP. Did she desire thee to come with her to this place? + +MER. Yes; and, as my Lord sees, I am come. And if there is any grace and +forgiveness of sins to spare, I beseech that I, Thy poor handmaiden, may +be partaker thereof. + +[Sidenote: MERCY PERMITTED TO ENTER] + +Then He took her again by the hand, and led her gently in, and said, "I +pray for all them that believe on me, by what means soever they come +unto me." Then said He to those that stood by, "Fetch something, and +give it to Mercy to smell on, thereby to stay her fainting." So they +fetched her a bundle of myrrh, and a while after she was revived. + +And now was Christiana and her boys and Mercy received of the Lord at +the head of the way, and spoke kindly unto by Him. Then said they yet +further unto Him, "We are sorry for our sins, and beg of our Lord His +pardon and further information what we must do." + +"I grant pardon," said He, "by word and deed: by word, in the promise of +forgiveness; by deed, in the way I obtained it. Take the first from my +lips with a kiss, and the other as it shall be revealed." + +Now, I saw in my dream, that He spake many good words unto them, whereby +they were greatly gladded. He also had them up to the top of the gate, +and showed them by what deed they were saved; and told them withal that +that sight they would have again as they went along the way, to their +comfort. + +So He left them a while in a summer parlor below, where they entered +into a talk by themselves; and thus Christiana began: + +"O Lord, how glad am I that we are got in hither!" + +MER. So you well may; but I of all have cause to leap for joy. + +CHR. I thought one time as I stood at the gate, because I knocked, and +none did answer, that all our labor had been lost, specially when that +ugly cur made such a heavy barking against us. + +MER. But my worst fear was after I saw that you were taken into His +favor, and that I was left behind. Now, thought I, it is fulfilled which +is written, "Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be +taken, and the other left." I had much ado to forbear crying out, +"Undone! undone!" And afraid I was to knock any more: but when I looked +up to what was written over the gate, I took courage. I also thought +that I must either knock again or die; so I knocked, but I cannot tell +how, for my spirit now struggled betwixt life and death. + +_Chr._ Can you not tell how you knocked? I am sure your knocks were so +earnest, that the very sound of them made me start. I thought I never +heard such knocking in all my life; I thought you would come in by +violent hands, or take the kingdom by storm. + +_Mer._ Alas! to be in my case, who that so was could but have done so? +You saw that the door was shut upon me, and that there was a most cruel +dog thereabout. Who, I say, that was so faint-hearted as I, would not +have knocked with all their might? But, pray, what said my Lord to my +rudeness? Was He not angry with me? + +CHR. When He heard your lumbering noise, He gave a wonderful innocent +smile; I believe what you did pleased Him well enough, for He showed no +sign to the contrary. But I marvel in my heart why he keeps such a dog; +had I known that afore, I should not have had heart enough to have +ventured myself in this manner. But now we are in, we are in, and I am +glad with all my heart. + +_Mer._ I will ask, if you please, next time He comes down, why He keeps +such a filthy cur in His yard. I hope He will not take it amiss. + +"Ay, do," said the children, "and persuade Him to hang him, for we are +afraid he will bite us when we go hence." + +So at last He came down to them again, and Mercy fell to the ground on +her face before Him, and worshiped, and said, "Let my Lord accept the +offering of praise which I now offer unto Him with my lips." + +[Sidenote: MERCY EXPRESSES HER FEARS] + +So He said unto her, "Peace be to thee; stand up." But she continued +upon her face, and said, "Righteous art Thou, O Lord, when I plead with +Thee; yet let me talk with Thee of Thy judgments. Wherefore dost Thou +keep so cruel a dog in Thy yard, at the sight of which such women and +children as we are ready to fly from the gate with fear?" He answered +and said, "That dog has another owner; he also is kept close in another +man's ground, only my pilgrims hear his barking: he belongs to the +castle which you see there at a distance, but can come up to the walls +of this place. He has frighted many an honest pilgrim from worse to +better, by the great voice of his roaring. Indeed, he that owneth him +doth not keep him out of any good-will to me or mine, but with intent to +keep the pilgrims from coming to me, and that they may be afraid to come +and knock at this gate for entrance. Sometimes also he has broken out, +and has worried some that I love; but I take all at present patiently. I +also give my pilgrims timely help, so that they are not delivered up to +his power, to do with them what his doggish nature would prompt him to. +But, what! my beloved one, I should suppose, hadst thou known even so +much beforehand, thou wouldst not have been afraid of a dog. The beggars +that go from door to door will, rather than lose a supposed alms, run +the danger of the bawling, barking, and biting too, of a dog; and shall +a dog in another man's yard, a dog whose barking I turn to the profit of +pilgrims, keep any one from coming to me? I deliver them from the lions, +their darling from the power of the dog." + +MER. Then said Mercy, "I confess my ignorance, I spake what I understood +not: I acknowledge that Thou doest all things well." + +CHR. Then Christiana began to talk of their journey, and to inquire +after the way. + +So He fed them, and washed their feet, and set them in the way of His +steps, according as He had dealt with her husband before. + +So I saw in my dream that they walked on in their way, and had the +weather very comfortable to them. + +Then Christiana began to sing: + + "Blessed be the day that I began + A pilgrim for to be; + And blessed also be the man + That thereto moved me. + + "'Tis true 'twas long ere I began + To seek to live for ever; + But now I run fast as I can: + 'Tis better late than never. + + "Our tears to joy, our fears to faith, + Are turned, as we see; + Thus our beginning (as one saith) + Shows what our end will be." + +Now, there was, on the other side of the wall that fenced in the way up +which Christiana and her companions were to go, a garden, and that +garden belonged to him whose was that barking dog, of whom mention was +made before. And some of the fruit-trees that grew in that garden shot +their branches over the wall; and, being mellow, they that found them +did gather them up and oft eat of them to their hurt. So Christiana's +boys, as boys are apt to do, being pleased with the trees, and the fruit +that did hang thereon, did bend the branches down, and pluck the fruit, +and begin to eat. Their mother did also chide them for so doing; but +still the boys went on. + +[Illustration: Christiana's Boys Began to Eat. + Page 231] + +"Well," said she, "my sons, you do wrong, for that fruit is none of +ours;" but she did not know that it did belong to the enemy: I'll +warrant you, if she had, she would have been ready to die for fear. But +that passed, and they went on their way. + +[Sidenote: THE ILL-FAVORED ONES] + +Now, by that they were gone about two bow-shots from the place that led +them unto the way, they espied two very ill-favored ones coming down +apace to meet them. With that, Christiana, and Mercy her friend, covered +themselves with their veils, and so kept on their journey; the children +also went on before; so that, at last, they met together. Then they that +came down to meet them came just up to the women, as if they would +embrace them; but Christiana said, "Stand back, or go peaceably by, as +you should." + +Yet these two, as men that are deaf, regarded not Christiana's words, +but began to lay hands upon them. At that, Christiana, waxing very +wroth, spurned at them with her feet. Mercy also, as well as she could, +did what she could to shift them. Christiana again said to them, "Stand +back, and be gone; for we have no money to lose, being pilgrims, as you +see, and such, too, as live upon the charity of our friends." + +ILL-FAVORED ONE. Then said one of the two men, "We make no assault upon +you for money, but are come out to tell you that, if you will grant one +small request which we shall ask, we will make women of you for ever." + +CHR. Now Christiana, imagining what they should mean, made answer again, +"We will neither hear nor regard, nor yield to what you shall ask. We +are in haste, and cannot stay; our business is a business of life or +death." + +So again she and her companions made a fresh attempt to go past them; +but they letted them in their way. + +ILL-FAV. And they said, "We intend no hurt to your lives; it is another +thing we would have." + +CHR. "Ay," quoth Christiana, "you would have us body and soul, for I +know it is for that you are come; but we will die rather upon the spot, +than to suffer ourselves to be brought into such snares as shall risk +the loss of our well-being hereafter." And, with that, they both +shrieked out, and cried, "Murder! murder!" and so put themselves under +those laws that are provided for the protection of women. But the men +still made their approach upon them, with design to prevail against +them. They therefore cried out again. + +[Sidenote: A RELIEVER APPEARS] + +Now, they being, as I said, far from the gate in at which they came, +their voices were heard from where they were, thither; wherefore some of +the house came out, and, knowing it was Christiana's tongue, they made +haste to her relief. But by the time that they were got within sight of +them, the women were in a very great terror; the children also stood +crying by. Then did he that came in for their relief call out to the +ruffians, saying, "What is that thing you do? Would you make my Lord's +people to do wrong?" He also attempted to take them, but they did make +their escape over the wall into the garden of the man to whom the great +dog belonged; so the dog became their protector. This Reliever then came +up to the women and asked them how they did. + +So they answered, "We thank thy Prince, pretty well, only we have been +somewhat affrighted: we thank thee also for that thou camest in to our +help, otherwise we had been overcome." + +RELIEVER. So, after a few more words, this Reliever said as followeth: +"I marvelled much when you were entertained at the gate above, being ye +knew that ye were but weak women, that you asked not the Lord for a +conductor. Then might you have avoided these troubles and dangers; for +He would have granted you one." + +CHR. "Alas!" said Christiana, "we were taken so with our present +blessing, that dangers to come were forgotten by us. Besides, who could +have thought that, so near the King's palace, there could have lurked +such naughty ones? Indeed, it had been well for us had we asked our Lord +for one; but, since our Lord knew it would be for our profit, I wonder +He sent not one along with us." + +REL. It is not always necessary to grant things not asked for, lest, by +so doing, they become of little value; but when the want of a thing is +felt, then he who needs it feels its preciousness; and so when it is +given it will be used. Had my Lord granted you a conductor, you would +not either have so bewailed that oversight of yours, in not asking for +one, as now you have occasion to do. So all things work for good, and +tend to make you more wary. + +CHR. Shall we go back again to my Lord, and confess our folly, and ask +one? + +REL. Your confession of your folly I will present Him with. To go back +again you need not; for, in all places where you shall come, you will +find no want at all; for, in every one of my Lord's lodgings, which He +has prepared for the care of His pilgrims, there is sufficient to +furnish them against all attempts whatsoever. But, as I said, He will be +asked of by them, to do it for them. And 'tis a poor thing that is not +worth asking for. + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS PROCEED] + +When he had thus said, he went back to his place, and the pilgrims went +on their way. + +MER. Then said Mercy, "What a sudden blank is here! I made account we +had been past all danger, and that we should never see sorrow more." + +CHR. "Thy innocence, my sister," said Christiana to Mercy, "may excuse +thee much; but as for me, fault is so much the greater, for that I saw +the danger before I came out of the doors, and yet did not provide for +it when provision might have been had. I am, therefore, much to be +blamed." + +MER. Then said Mercy, "How knew you this before you came from home? +Pray, open to me this riddle." + +CHR. Why, I will tell you. Before I set foot out of doors, one night, as +I lay in my bed, I had a dream about this; for methought I saw two men, +as like these as ever any in the world could look, stand at my bed's +feet, plotting how they might prevent my salvation. I will tell you +their very words. They said (it was when I was in my troubles), "What +shall we do with this woman? for she cries out waking and sleeping for +forgiveness: if she be suffered to go on as she begins, we shall lose +her as we have lost her husband." This, you know, might have made me +take heed, and have provided when provision might have been had. + +MER. "Well," said Mercy, "as by this neglect we have been made to behold +our own imperfections, so our Lord has taken occasion thereby to make +manifest the riches of His grace; for He, as we see, has followed us +with unasked kindness, and has delivered us from their hands that were +stronger than we, of His mere good pleasure." + + + + +CHAPTER III. + +THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE. + + +Thus, now, when they had talked away a little more time, they drew near +to a house which stood in the way, which house was built for the relief +of pilgrims, as you will find more fully related in the first part of +these records of the Pilgrim's Progress. So they drew on towards the +house (the house of the Interpreter); and, when they came to the door, +they heard a great talk in the house. Then they gave ear, and heard, as +they thought, Christiana mentioned by name; for you must know that there +went along, even before her, a talk of her and her children's going on +pilgrimage. And this was the more pleasing to them, because they had +heard she was Christian's wife, that woman who was some time ago so +unwilling to hear of going on pilgrimage. Thus, therefore, they stood +still, and heard the good people within commending her, who, they little +thought, stood at the door. At last Christiana knocked, as she had done +at the gate before. Now, when she had knocked, there came to the door a +young maiden, and opened the door and looked; and, behold, two women +were there. + +[Sidenote: THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE] + +MAID. Then said the maid to them, "With whom would you speak in this +place?" + +CHR. Christiana answered, "We understand that this is a place prepared +for those that are become pilgrims, and we now at this door are such; +wherefore we pray that we may be partakers of that for which we at this +time are come; for the day, as thou seest, is very far spent, and we are +loth to-night to go any farther." + +DAM. Pray, what may I call your name, that I may tell it to my lord +within? + +CHR. My name is Christiana: I was the wife of that pilgrim that some +years ago did travel this way; and these be his four children. This +young woman is my companion, and is going on pilgrimage too. + +INNOCENT. Then Innocent ran in (for that was her name,) and said to +those within, "Can you think who is at the door? There are Christiana +and her children, and her companion, all waiting for entertainment +here." + +Then they leaped for joy, and went and told their master. So he came to +the door, and looking upon her, he said, "Art thou that Christiana whom +Christian the good man left behind him, when he betook himself to a +pilgrim's life?" + +CHR. I am that woman that was so hard-hearted as to slight my husband's +troubles, and then left him to go on his journey alone; and these are +his four children. But now also I am come, for I am convinced that no +way is right but this. + +INTER. Then is fulfilled that which also is written of the man that +said to his son, "Go, work to-day in my vineyard;" and he said to his +father, "I will not;" but afterwards he repented, and went. + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "So be it: Amen. God make it a true saying +upon me, and grant that I may be found at the last of Him in peace, +without spot and blameless!" + +INTER. But why standest thou thus at the door? Come in, thou blessed +one. We were talking of thee but now; for tidings have come to us before +how thou art become a pilgrim. Come, children, come in; come, maiden, +come in. + +So he had them all into the house. + +[Sidenote: PILGRIMS ENTERTAINED] + +So when they were within, they were bidden to sit down and rest them; +the which when they had done, those that attended upon the pilgrims in +the house came into the room to see them. And one smiled, and another +smiled, and they all smiled for joy that Christiana was become a +pilgrim. They also looked upon the boys; they stroked them over the +faces with the hand, in token of their kind reception of them; they also +carried it lovingly to Mercy, and bid them all welcome into their +master's house. + +After a while, because supper was not ready, the Interpreter took them +into his significant rooms, and showed them what Christian, Christiana's +husband, had seen some time before. Here, therefore, they saw the man in +the cage, the man and his dream, the man that cut his way through his +enemies, and the picture of the biggest of them all, together with the +rest of those things that were then so profitable to Christian. + +This done, and after those things had been seen and thought of by +Christiana and her company, the Interpreter takes them apart again, and +has them first into a room where was a man that could look no way but +downwards, with a muck-rake in his hand. There stood also one over his +head, with a celestial crown in his hand, and proffered to give him that +crown for his muck-rake; but the man did neither look up nor regard, but +raked to himself the straws, the small sticks, and the dust of the +floor. + +Then said Christiana, "I persuade myself that I know somewhat the +meaning of this; for this is a figure of a man of this world. Is it not, +good sir?" + +INTER. "Thou hast said the right," said he; "and his muck-rake doth show +his worldly mind. And whereas thou seest him rather give heed to rake up +straws and sticks, and the dust of the floor, than to do what he says +that calls to him from above with the celestial crown in his hand; it is +to show that heaven is but a fable to some, and that things here are +counted the only things substantial. Now, whereas it was also showed +thee that the man could look no way but downwards; it is to let thee +know that earthly things, when they are with power upon men's minds, +quite carry their hearts away from God." + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "Oh, deliver me from this muck-rake!" + +INTER. "That prayer," said the Interpreter, "has lain by till it is +almost rusty. 'Give me not riches' is scarce the prayer of one of ten +thousand. Straws, and sticks, and dust, with most, are the great things +now looked after." + +With that, Mercy and Christiana wept, and said, "It is, alas! too true." + +[Sidenote: INTERPRETER'S ALLEGORIES] + +When the Interpreter had showed them this, he had them into the very +best room in the house; a very brave room it was. So he bid them look +round about, and see if they could find anything there. Then they looked +round and round; for there was nothing to be seen but a very great +spider on the wall, and that they overlooked. + +MER. Then said Mercy, "Sir, I see nothing." + +But Christiana held her peace. + +INTER. "But," said the Interpreter, "look again." + +She therefore looked again, and said, "Here is not anything but an ugly +spider, who hangs by her hands upon the wall." + +Then said he, "Is there but one spider in all this spacious room?" + +Then the water stood in Christiana's eyes, for she was a woman quick of +mind; and she said, "Yes, my lord; there is here more than one; yea, and +spiders whose venom is far more destructive than that which is in her." + +The Interpreter then looked pleasantly upon her, and said, "Thou hast +said the truth." + +This made Mercy blush and the boys to cover their faces; for they all +began now to understand the riddle. + +Then said the Interpreter again, "The spider taketh hold with her hands +(as you see), and is in kings' palaces. And wherefore is this recorded, +but to show you that, how full of the venom of sin soever you be, yet +you may, by the hand of faith, lay hold of and dwell in the best room +that belongs to the king's house above." + +CHR. "I thought," said Christiana, "of something of this; but I could +not imagine it all. I thought that we were like spiders, and that we +looked like ugly creatures, in what fine rooms soever we were: but that +by this spider, this venomous and ill-favored creature, we were to learn +how to act faith, that came not into my mind; and yet she has taken hold +with her hands, and, as I see, dwelleth in the best room in the house. +God has made nothing in vain." + +Then they seemed all to be glad, but the water stood in their eyes; yet +they looked one upon another, and also bowed before the Interpreter. + +He had them then into another room, where were a hen and chickens, and +bid them observe a while. So one of the chickens went to the trough to +drink; and every time she drank, she lifted up her head and her eyes +toward heaven. "See," said he, "what this little chick doth; and learn +of her to acknowledge whence your mercies come, by receiving them with +looking up. Yet again," said he, "observe and look." + +So they gave heed, and perceived that the hen did walk in a fourfold +method towards her chickens. First, she had a common call, and that she +hath all day long. Secondly, she had a special call, and that she had +but sometimes. Thirdly, she had a brooding note. And, fourthly she had +an outcry. + +INTER. "Now," said he, "compare this hen to your King, and these +chickens to His obedient ones: for, answerable to her, He Himself hath +His methods which He walketh in toward His people. By His common call, +He gives nothing; by His special call, He always has something to give; +He also has a brooding voice for them that are under His wing; and He +hath an outcry, to give the alarm when He seeth the enemy come. I chose, +my darlings, to lead you into the room where such things are, because +you are women, and they are easy for you." + +CHR. "And, sir," said Christiana, "pray let us see some more." + +So he had them into the slaughter-house, where the butcher was killing a +sheep; and, behold, the sheep was quiet, and took her death patiently. +Then said the Interpreter, "You must learn of this sheep to suffer, and +to put up with wrongs without murmurings and complaints. Behold how +quietly she takes her death; and, without objecting, she suffereth her +skin to be pulled over her ears. Your King doth call you His sheep." + +After this, he led them into his garden, where was great variety of +flowers; and he said, "Do you see all these?" So Christiana said, "Yes." +Then said he again, "Behold, the flowers are diverse in stature, in +quality, and color, and smell, and virtue, and some are better than +others; also, where the gardener has set them, there they stand, and +quarrel not one with another." + +Again, he had them into his field, which he had sowed with wheat and +corn; but when they beheld, the tops of all were cut off, and only the +straw remained. He said again, "This ground was made rich, and was +ploughed, and sowed; but what shall we do with the crop?" Then said +Christiana, "Burn some, and make muck of the rest." Then said the +Interpreter again, "Fruit, you see, is that thing you look for; and, for +want of that, you send it to the fire, and to be trodden under foot of +men. Beware that in this you condemn not yourselves." + +Then, as they were coming in from abroad, they espied a little robin +with a great spider in his mouth. So the Interpreter said, "Look here." +So they looked, and Mercy wondered; but Christiana said, "What a +disparagement is it to such a pretty little bird as the robin-redbreast +is; he being also a bird above many, that loveth to maintain a kind of +sociableness with man! I had thought they had lived upon crumbs of +bread, or upon other such harmless matter. I like him worse than I +did." + +The Interpreter then replied, "This robin is an emblem very apt, to set +forth some people by; for to sight they are as this robin, pretty of +note, color, and conduct. They seem also to have a very great love for +those that are sincere followers of Christ; and above all other to +desire to associate with them, and to be in their company, as if they +could live upon the good man's crumbs. They pretend, also, that +therefore it is that they frequent the house of the godly and the +appointments of the Lord; but, when they are by themselves, as the +robin, they can catch and gobble up spiders, they can change their diet, +drink wickedness, and swallow down sin like water." + +So, when they were come again into the house, because supper as yet was +not ready, Christiana again desired that the Interpreter would either +show, or tell of, some other things that were profitable. + +Then the Interpreter began, and said, "The fatter the sow is the more +she desires the mire; the fatter the ox is, the more thoughtlessly he +goes to the slaughter; and the more healthy the lusty man is, the more +prone he is unto evil. There is a desire in women to go neat and fine; +and it is a comely thing to be adorned with that which in God's sight is +of great price. 'Tis easier watching a night or two than to sit up a +whole year together; so 'tis easier for one to begin to profess well +than to hold out as he should to the end. Every ship-master, when in a +storm, will willingly cast that overboard which is of the smallest value +in the vessel; but who will throw the best out first? None but he that +feareth not God. One leak will sink a ship, and one sin will destroy a +sinner. He that forgets his friends is ungrateful unto him but he that +forgets his Saviour is unmerciful to himself. He that lives in sin, and +looks for happiness hereafter, is like him that soweth weeds, and thinks +to fill his barn with wheat or barley. If a man would live well, let him +bring before him his last day, and make it always his company-keeper. +Whispering, and change of thoughts, prove that sin is in the world. If +the world, which God sets light by, is counted a thing of that worth +with men, what is heaven, that God commendeth! If the life that is +attended with so many troubles is so loth to be let go by us, what is +the life above! Everybody will cry up the goodness of men; but who is +there that is, as he should be, affected with the goodness of God?" + +When the Interpreter had done, he takes them out into his garden again, +and had them to a tree, whose inside was all rotten and gone, and yet it +grew and had leaves. + +Then said Mercy, "What means this?" + +"This tree," said he, "whose outside is fair, and whose inside is +rotten, is that to which many may be compared that are in the garden of +God, who with their mouths speak high in behalf of God, but indeed will +do nothing for Him; whose leaves are fair, but their heart good for +nothing but to be tinder for the devil's tinder-box." + +Now supper was ready, the table spread, and all things set on the board; +so they sat down, and did eat when one had given thanks. And the +Interpreter did usually entertain those that lodged with him with music +at meals; so the minstrels played. There was also one that did sing, and +a very fine voice he had. His song was this: + + "The Lord is only my support, + And He that doth me feed; + How can I then want anything + Whereof I stand in need?" + +[Sidenote: DISCOURSE AT SUPPER] + +When the song and music were ended, the Interpreter asked Christiana +what it was that first did move her to betake herself to a pilgrim's +life. Christiana answered, "First, the loss of my husband came into my +mind, at which I was heartily grieved; but all that was but natural +affection. Then, after that, came the troubles and pilgrimages of my +husband into my mind, and also how unkindly I had behaved to him as to +that. So guilt took hold of my mind, and would have drawn me into the +pond, to drown myself, but that, just at the right time, I had a dream +of the well-being of my husband, and a letter sent by the King of that +country where my husband dwells, to come to him. The dream and the +letter together so wrought upon my mind, that they forced me to this +way." + +INTER. But met you with no opposition afore you set out of doors? + +CHR. Yes, a neighbor of mine, one Mrs. Timorous: she was akin to him +that would have persuaded my husband to go back for fear of the lions. +She all-to-be-fooled me for, as she called it, my intended desperate +adventure; she also urged what she could to dishearten me from it--the +hardship and troubles that my husband met with in the way; but all this +I got over pretty well. But a dream that I had of two ill-looked ones, +that I thought did plot how to make me fail in my journey, that hath +troubled me much: yea, it still runs in my mind, and makes me afraid of +every one that I meet, lest they should meet me to do me a mischief, and +to turn me out of my way. Yea, I may tell my Lord, though I would not +have everybody know it, that, between this and the gate by which we got +into the way, we were both so sorely attacked that we were made to cry +out "murder;" and the two that made this attack upon us were like the +two that I saw in my dream. + +Then said the Interpreter, "Thy beginning is good; thy latter end shall +greatly increase." So he addressed himself to Mercy, and said unto her, +"And what moved thee to come hither, sweetheart?" + +Then Mercy blushed and trembled, and for a while continued silent. + +INTER. Then said he, "Be not afraid; only believe, and speak thy mind." + +MER. So she began, and said, "Truly, sir, my lack of knowledge is that +which makes me wish to be in silence, and that also that fills me with +fears of coming short at last. I cannot tell of visions and dreams, as +my friend Christiana can nor know I what it is to mourn for my refusing +the advice of those that were good relations." + +INTER. What was it, then, dear heart, that hath prevailed with thee to +do as thou hast done? + +MER. Why, when our friend here was packing up to be gone from our town, +I and another went accidentally to see her. So we knocked at the door +and went in. When we were within, and seeing what she was doing, we +asked her what was her meaning. She said she was sent for to go to her +husband; and then she up and told us how she had seen him in a dream, +dwelling in a wonderful place, among immortals, wearing a crown, playing +upon a harp, eating and drinking at his Prince's table, and singing +praises to Him for bringing him thither, and so on. Now, methought while +she was telling these things unto us, my heart burned within me. And I +said in my heart, If this be true, I will leave my father and my mother, +and the land of my birth, and will, if I may, go along with Christiana. +So I asked her further of the truth of these things, and if she would +let me go with her; for I saw now that there was no dwelling but with +the danger of ruin any longer in our town. But yet I came away with a +heavy heart; not for that I was unwilling to come away, but for that so +many of my relations were left behind. And I am come with all the desire +of my heart, and will go, if I may, with Christiana, unto her husband +and his King. + +INTER. Thy setting out is good, for thou hast given credit to the truth: +thou art a Ruth, who did, for the love she bare to Naomi and to the Lord +her God, leave father and mother, and the land of her birth, to come out +and go with a people that she knew not heretofore. The Lord bless thy +work, and a full reward be given thee of the Lord God of Israel, under +whose wings thou art come to trust. + +Now supper was ended, and preparation was made for bed: the women were +laid singly alone, and the boys by themselves. Now, when Mercy was in +bed, she could not sleep for joy, for that now her doubts of missing at +last were removed farther from her than ever they were before. So she +lay blessing and praising God, who had had such favor for her. + +In the morning they arose with the sun, and prepared themselves for +their departure; but the Interpreter would have them tarry a while: +"For," said he, "you must orderly go from hence." Then said he to the +maid that first opened to them, "Take them and have them into the +garden, to the bath, and there wash them, and make them clean from the +soil which they have gathered by traveling." + +Then Innocent the maid took them and had them into the garden, and +brought them to the bath; so she told them they must wash and be clean, +for so her master would have the women to do that called at his house as +they were going on pilgrimage. Then they went in and washed, yea, they +and the boys and all; and they came out of that bath, not only sweet and +clean, but also much enlivened, and strengthened in their joints. So, +when they came in, they looked fairer a deal than when they went out to +the washing. + +When they were returned out of the garden from the bath, the Interpreter +took them, and looked upon them, and said unto them, "Fair as the moon." +Then he called for the seal wherewith they used to be sealed that were +washed in this bath. So the seal was brought, and he set his mark upon +them, that they might be known in the places whither they were yet to +go; and the mark was set between their eyes. This seal added greatly to +their beauty, for it was an ornament to their faces. It also added to +their glory, and made their countenances more like those of angels. + +[Sidenote: CLOTHED IN WHITE RAIMENT] + +Then said the Interpreter again to the maid that waited upon these +women, "Go into the vestry, and fetch out garments for these people." So +she went and fetched out white raiment and laid it down before him; so +he commanded them to put it on; it was fine linen, white and clean. When +the women were thus adorned, they seemed to be afraid one of the other, +for that they could not see that glory each one had in herself, which +they could see in each other. Now, therefore, they began to esteem each +other better than themselves. For "You are fairer than I am," said one; +and "You are more beautiful than I am," said another. The children also +stood amazed, to see into what fashion they were brought. + +The Interpreter then called for a man-servant of his, one Great-heart, +and bid him take sword, and helmet, and shield, and "Take these my +daughters," said he, "and conduct them to the house called Beautiful, at +which place they will rest next." So he took his weapons, and went +before them; and the Interpreter said, "God speed!" Those also that +belonged to the family sent them away with many a good wish. So they +went on their way and sang: + + "This place hath been our second stage: + Here we have heard and seen + Those good things that from age to age + To others hid have been. + The Dunghill-raker, Spider, Hen, + The Chicken, too, to me + Have taught a lesson: let me then + Conformed to it be. + + "The Butcher, Garden, and the Field, + The Robin and his bait, + Also the Rotten Tree, doth yield + Me argument of weight: + To move me for to watch and pray, + To strive to be sincere, + To take my cross up day by day, + And serve the Lord with fear." + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + +THE CROSS AND THE CONSEQUENCES. + + +Now, I saw in my dream that they went on, and Great-heart before them. +So they went, and came to the place where Christian's burden fell off +his back and tumbled into a sepulchre. Here, then, they made a pause, +and here also they blessed God. "Now," said Christiana, "comes to my +mind what was said to us at the gate, to wit, that we should have pardon +by word and deed: by word, that is, by the promise; by deed, that is, in +the way it was obtained. What the promise is, of that I know something; +but what it is to have pardon by deed, or in the way that it was +obtained, Mr. Great-heart, I suppose you know; wherefore, if you please, +let us hear you speak thereof." + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART DISCOURSES] + +GREAT. Pardon by the deed done, is pardon obtained by some one for +another that hath need thereof; not by the person pardoned, but in the +way, saith another, in which I have obtained it. So then, to speak to +the question at large, the pardon that you, and Mercy, and these boys +have obtained, was obtained by another; to wit, by Him that let you in +at the gate. And He hath obtained it in this double way: He has shown +righteousness to cover you, and spilt His blood to wash you in. + +CHR. This is brave! Now I see that there was something to be learnt by +our being pardoned by word and deed. Good Mercy, let us labor to keep +this in mind; and, my children, do you remember it also. But, sir, was +not this it that made my good Christian's burden fall from off his +shoulders, and that made him give three leaps for joy? + +GREAT. Yes, it was the belief of this that cut off those strings that +could not be cut by other means; and it was to give him proof of the +virtue of this that he was suffered to carry his burden to the Cross. + +CHR. I thought so; for though my heart was lightsome and joyous before, +yet it is ten times more lightsome and joyous now. And I am persuaded by +what I have felt, though I have felt but little as yet, that, if the +most burdened man in the World was here, and did see and believe as I +now do, it would make his heart merry and blithe. + +GREAT. There is not only comfort and the ease of a burden brought to us +by the sight and consideration of these, but an endeared love born in us +by it; for who can, if he doth but once think that pardon comes, not +only by promise, but thus, but be affected with the way and means of his +redemption, and so love the Man that hath wrought it for him? + +CHR. True: methinks it makes my heart bleed, to think that He should +bleed for me. Oh, Thou loving One! Oh, Thou blessed One! Thou deservest +to have me: Thou hast bought me. Thou deservest to have me all: Thou +hast paid for me ten thousand times more than I am worth. No marvel that +this made the water stand in my husband's eyes, and that it made him +trudge so nimbly on. I am persuaded he wished me with him; but, vile +wretch that I was! I let him come all alone. Oh, Mercy, that thy father +and mother were here! yea, and Mrs. Timorous also! Nay, I wish now with +all my heart that here was Madam Wanton too. Surely, surely, their +hearts would be affected; nor could the fear of the one, nor the +powerful passions of the other, prevail with them to go home again, and +refuse to become good pilgrims. + +GREAT. You speak now in the warmth of your affections: will it, think +you, be always thus with you? Besides, this is not given to every one, +nor to every one that did see your Jesus bleed. There were that stood +by, and that saw the blood run from His heart to the ground, and yet +were so far off this, that instead of lamenting, they laughed at Him, +and instead of becoming His disciples, did harden their hearts against +him. So that all that you have, my daughters, you have by a peculiar +feeling made by a thinking upon what I have spoken to you. This you +have, therefore, by a special grace. + +[Sidenote: SIMPLE, SLOTH, PRESUMPTION] + +Now, I saw still in my dream, that they went on till they were come to +the place that Simple, and Sloth, and Presumption lay and slept in, when +Christian went by on pilgrimage; and, behold, they were hanged up in +irons a little way off on the other side. + +MER. Then said Mercy to him that was their guide and conductor, "What +are those three men? and for what are they hanged there?" + +GREAT. These three men were men of very bad qualities: they had no mind +to be pilgrims themselves, and whomsoever they could they hindered. They +were for sloth and folly themselves, and whomsoever they could persuade +with, they made so too, and withal taught them to presume that they +should do well at last. They were asleep when Christian went by; and, +now you go by, they are hanged. + +MER. But could they persuade any to be of their opinion? + +GREAT. Yes, they turned several out of the way. There was Slow-pace that +they persuaded to do as they. They also prevailed with one Short-wind, +with one No-heart, with one Linger-after-lust, and with one Sleepy-head, +and with a young woman--her name was Dull--to turn out of the way and +become as they. Besides, they brought up an ill report of your Lord, +persuading others that He was a hard task-master. They also brought up +an evil report of the good land, saying it was not half so good as some +pretended it was. They also began to speak falsely about His servants, +and to count the very best of them meddlesome, troublesome busy-bodies. +Further, they would call the bread of God, husks; the comforts of His +children, fancies; the travel labor of pilgrims, things to no purpose. + +CHR. "Nay," said Christiana, "if they were such, they never shall be +bewailed by me: they have but what they deserve; and I think it is well +that they hang so near the highway, that others may see and take +warning. But had it not been well if their crimes had been engraven on +some plate of iron or brass, and left here where they did their +mischiefs, for a caution to other bad men?" + +GREAT. So it is, as you well may perceive, if you will go a little to +the wall. + +MER. No, no: let them hang, and their names rot, and their crimes live +for ever against them. I think it a high favor that they were hanged +afore we came hither who knows, else, what they might have done to such +poor women as we are? + +Then she turned it into a song, saying: + + "Now, then, you three, hang there, and be a sign + To all that shall against the truth combine; + And let him that comes after fear this end, + If unto pilgrims he is not a friend. + And thou, my soul, of all such men beware + That unto holiness opposers are." + +Thus they went on till they came at the foot of the Hill Difficulty, +where again their good friend Mr. Great-heart took an occasion to tell +them of what happened there when Christian himself went by. So he had +them first to the spring. "Lo," saith he, "this is the spring that +Christian drank of before he went up this hill: and then it was clear +and good; but now it is dirty with the feet of some that are not +desirous that pilgrims here should quench their thirst." Thereat Mercy +said, "And why are they so envious, I wonder?" But said their guide, "It +will do if taken up and put into a vessel that is sweet and good; for +then the dirt will sink to the bottom, and the water come out by itself +more clear." Thus, therefore, Christiana and her companions were +compelled to do. They took it up, and put it into an earthen pot, and so +let it stand till the dirt was gone to the bottom, and then they drank +thereof. + +[Sidenote: TWO DANGEROUS PATHS] + +Next he showed them the two by-ways that were at the foot of the hill, +where Formality and Hypocrisy lost themselves. And said he, "These are +dangerous paths. Two were here cast away when Christian came by; and +although, as you see, these ways are since stopped up with chains, +posts, and a ditch, yet there are that will choose to adventure here, +rather than take the pains to go up this hill." + +CHR. The way of transgressors is hard. It is a wonder that they can get +into those ways without danger of breaking their necks. + +GREAT. They will venture: yea, if at any time any of the King's servants +doth happen to see them, and doth call unto them, and tell them that +they are in the wrong ways, and do bid them beware the danger, then they +will railingly return them answer, and say, "As for the word that thou +hast spoken unto us in the name of the King, we will not hearken unto +thee; but we will certainly do whatsoever thing goeth forth out of our +own mouth." Nay, if you look a little farther, you shall see that these +ways are warned against enough, not only by these posts, and ditch, and +chain, but also by being hedged up; yet they will choose to go there. + +CHR. They are idle: they love not to take pains: up-hill way is +unpleasant to them. So it is fulfilled unto them as it is written, "The +way of the slothful man is a hedge of thorns." Yea, they will rather +choose to walk upon a snare than go up this hill, and the rest of this +way to the City. + +Then they set forward, and began to go up the hill; and up the hill they +went. But, before they got to the top, Christiana began to pant, and +said, "I dare say this is a breathing hill: no marvel if they that love +their ease more than their souls choose to themselves a smoother way." +Then said Mercy, "I must sit down;" also the least of the children began +to cry. "Come, come," said Great-heart, "sit not down here, for a little +above is the Prince's arbor." Then took he the little boy by the hand, +and led him up thereto. + +[Sidenote: THE ARBOR ON THE HILL] + +When they were come to the arbor, they were very willing to sit down, +for they were all in a pelting heat. Then said Mercy, "How sweet is rest +to them that labor, and how good is the Prince of pilgrims to provide +such resting-places for them! Of this arbor I have heard much, but I +never saw it before. But here let us beware of sleeping; for, as I have +heared, for that it cost poor Christian dear." + +Then said Mr. Great-heart to the little ones, "Come, my pretty boys, how +do you do? what think you now of going on pilgrimage?" + +"Sir," said the least, "I was almost beat out of heart; but I thank you +for lending me a hand at my need. And I remember now what my mother has +told me, namely, 'That the way to heaven is as up a ladder, and the way +to hell is as down a hill.' But I rather go up the ladder to life, than +the hill to death." + +Then said Mercy, "But the proverb, is, 'To go down the hill is easy.'" + +But James said (for that was his name), "The day is coming when, in my +opinion, going down-hill will be the hardest of all." + +"That's a good boy," said his master; "thou hast given her a right +answer." + +Then Mercy smiled, but the little boy did blush. + +CHR. "Come," said Christiana, "will you eat a bit, a little to sweeten +your mouths, while you sit here to rest your legs? for I have here a +piece of pomegranate, which Mr. Interpreter put in my hand just when I +came out of his doors: he gave me also a piece of a honeycomb, and a +little bottle of spirits." + +"I thought he gave you something," said Mercy, "because he called you +aside." + +"Yes, so he did," said the other; "but, Mercy, it shall still be as I +said it should, when at first we came from home; thou shalt be a sharer +in all the good that I have, because thou so willingly didst become my +companion." + +Then she gave to them, and they did eat, both Mercy and the boys. And +said Christiana to Mr. Great-heart, "Sir, will you do as we and take +some refreshment?" + +But he answered, "You are going on pilgrimage, and presently I shall +return; much good may have do to you: at home I eat the same every day." + +Now, when they had eaten and drunk, and had chatted a little longer, +their guide said to them, "The day wears away; if you think good, let us +prepare to be going." So they got up to go, and the little boys went +before; but Christiana forgot to take her bottle of spirits with her, so +she sent her little boy back to fetch it. + +Then said Mercy, "I think this is a losing place: here Christian lost +his roll, and here Christiana left her bottle behind her. Sir, what is +the cause of this?" + +So their guide made answer, and said, "The cause is sleep or +forgetfulness: some sleep when they should keep awake, and some forget +when they should remember. And this is the very cause why often at the +resting-places some pilgrims, in some things, come off losers. Pilgrims +should watch, and remember what they have already received, under their +greatest enjoyments; but, for want of doing so, ofttimes their rejoicing +ends in tears, and their sunshine in a cloud: witness the story of +Christian at this place." + +[Sidenote: MISTRUST AND TIMOROUS] + +When they were come to the place where Mistrust and Timorous met +Christian, to persuade him to go back for fear of the lions, they +perceived as it were a stage, and before it, towards the road, a broad +plate, with a copy of verses written thereon, and underneath the reason +of the raising up of that stage in that place rendered. The verses were +these: + + "Let him that sees this stage take heed + Unto his heart and tongue; + Lest, if he do not, here he speed + As some have, long agone." + +The words underneath the verses were, "This stage was built to punish +such upon, who, through timorousness or mistrust, shall be afraid to go +farther on pilgrimage. Also on this stage both Mistrust and Timorous +were burned through the tongue with a hot iron, for endeavoring to +hinder Christian in his journey." + +Then said Mercy, "This is much like to the saying of the Beloved, 'What +shall be given unto thee, or what shall be done unto thee, thou false +tongue? Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper.'" + +So they went on till they came within sight of the lions. Now, Mr. +Great-heart was a strong man, so he was not afraid of a lion. But yet, +when they were come up to the place where the lions were, the boys, that +went before, were glad to cringe behind, for they were afraid of the +lions so they stepped back, and went behind. + +At this their guide smiled, and said, "How now, my boys! do you love to +go before when no danger doth approach, and love to come behind so soon +as the lions appear?" + +Now, as they went up, Mr. Great-heart drew his sword, with intent to +make a way for the pilgrims in spite of the lions. Then there appeared +one that, it seems, had taken upon him to back the lions; and he said to +the pilgrims' guide, "What is the cause of your coming hither?" Now, the +name of that man was Grim, or Bloody-man, because of his slaying of +pilgrims; and he was of the race of the giants. + +GREAT. Then said the pilgrims' guide, "These women and children are +going on pilgrimage, and this is the way they must go; and go it they +shall, in spite of thee and the lions." + +GRIM. This is not their way, neither shall they go therein. I am come +forth to withstand them, and to that end will back the lions. + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART OVERCOMES GRIM] + +Now, to say truth, by reason of the fierceness of the lions, and of the +grim carriage of him that did back them, this way had of late lain much +unoccupied, and was almost all grown over with grass. + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "Though the highways have been unoccupied +heretofore, and though the travellers have been made in times past to +walk through by-paths, it must not be so now I am risen. 'Now I am risen +a mother in Israel.'" + +GRIM. Then he swore by the lions, "But it should," and therefore bid +them turn aside, for they should not passage there. + +But Great-heart their guide made first his approach unto Grim, and laid +so heavily at him with his sword, that he forced him to a retreat. + +GRIM. Then said he that attempted to back the lions, "Will you slay me +upon mine own ground?" + +GREAT. It is the King's highway that we are in, and in His way it is +that thou hast placed thy lions; but these women, and these children, +though weak, shall hold on their way in spite of thy lions. + +And, with that, he gave him again a downright blow, and brought him upon +his knees. With this blow he also broke his helmet, and with the next he +cut off an arm. Then did the giant roar so hideously, that his voice +frighted the women, and yet they were glad to see him lie sprawling upon +the ground. Now, the lions were chained, and so of themselves could do +nothing. + +Wherefore, when old Grim, that intended to back them, was dead, Mr. +Great-heart said to the pilgrims, "Come now, and follow me, and no hurt +shall happen to you from the lions." They therefore went on; but the +women trembled as they passed by them: the boys also looked as if they +would die; but they all got by without further hurt. + + + + +CHAPTER V. + +THE PALACE BEAUTIFUL. + + +Now, then, they were within sight of the Porter's lodge, and they soon +came up unto it; but they made the more haste after this to go thither, +because it is dangerous travelling there in the night. So, when they +were come to the gate, the guide knocked, and the Porter cried, "Who is +there?" But as soon as the guide had said "It is I," he knew his voice, +and came down, for the guide had oft before that come thither as a +conductor of pilgrims. When he was come down he opened the gate; and, +seeing the guide stand just before it (for he saw not the women, for +they were behind him), he said unto him, "How now, Mr. Great-heart! what +is your business here so late to-night?" + +"I have brought," said he, "some pilgrims hither, where, by my Lord's +commandment, they must lodge. I had been here some time ago, had I not +been opposed by the giant that did use to back the lions; but I, after a +long and tedious combat with him, have cut him off, and have brought the +pilgrims hither in safety." + +PORT. Will you not go in, and stay till morning? + +GREAT. No, I will return to my Lord to-night. + +CHR. Oh, sir, I know not how to be willing you should leave us in our +pilgrimage: you have been so faithful and so loving to us, you have +fought so stoutly for us, you have been so hearty in counselling of us, +that I shall never forget your favor towards us. + +MER. Then said Mercy, "Oh that we might have thy company to our +journey's end! How can such poor women as we hold out in a way so full +of troubles as this way is, without a friend and defender?" + +JAMES. Then said James, the youngest of the boys, "Pray, sir, be +persuaded to go with us, and help us, because we are so weak, and the +way so dangerous as it is." + +GREAT. I am at my Lord's commandment. If he shall allot me to be your +guide quite through, I will willingly wait upon you. But here you failed +at first; for when he bid me come thus far with you, then you should +have begged me of him to have gone quite through with you, and he would +have granted your request. However, at present I must withdraw; and so, +good Christiana, Mercy, and my brave children, adieu. + +Then the Porter, Mr. Watchful, asked Christiana of her country and of +her kindred. And she said, "I come from the City of Destruction. I am a +widow woman, and my husband is dead: his name was Christian, the +pilgrim." + +"How!" said the Porter, "was he your husband?" + +[Sidenote: A JOYFUL RECEPTION] + +"Yes," said she, "and these are his children, and this" (pointing to +Mercy) "is one of my townswomen." + +Then the Porter rang his bell, as at such times he is wont, and there +came to the door one of the maids, whose name was Humble-mind; and to +her the Porter said, "Go, tell it within that Christiana, the wife of +Christian, and her children, are come hither on pilgrimage." + +She went in, therefore, and told it. But oh, what a noise for gladness +was there within when the maid did but drop that word out of her mouth! + +So they came with haste to the Porter, for Christiana stood still at the +door. Then some of those within said unto her, "Come in, Christiana, +come in, thou wife of that good man; come in, thou blessed woman; come +in, with all that are with thee." + +So she went in, and they followed her that were her children and her +companions. Now, when they were gone in, they were had into a very large +room, where they were bidden to sit down. So they sat down, and the +chief of the house were called to see and welcome the guests. Then they +came in and understanding who they were did salute each other with a +kiss, and said, "Welcome, ye that bear the grace of God; welcome to us, +your friends!" + +Now, because it was somewhat late, and because the pilgrims were weary +with their journey, and also made faint with the sight of the fight, and +of the terrible lions, therefore they desired, as soon as might be, to +prepare to go to rest. "Nay," said those of the family, "refresh +yourselves first with a morsel of meat;" for they had prepared for them +a lamb, with the accustomed sauce belonging thereto, for the Porter had +heard before of their coming, and had told it to them within. So, when +they had supped, and ended their prayer with a psalm, they desired they +might go to rest. + +"But let us," said Christiana, "if we may be so bold as to choose, be in +that chamber that was my husband's when he was here." + +So they had them up thither, and they lay all in a room. When they were +at rest, Christiana and Mercy entered into discourse about things that +were convenient. + +CHR. Little did I think once, when my husband went on pilgrimage, that I +should ever have followed. + +MER. And you as little thought of lying in his bed, and in his chamber +to rest, as you do now. + +CHR. And much less did I ever think of seeing his face with comfort, and +of worshipping the Lord the King with him; and yet now I believe I +shall. + +MER. Hark! don't you hear a noise? + +CHR. Yes, it is, as I believe, a noise of music, for joy that we are +here. + +MER. Wonderful! Music in the house, music in the heart, and music also +in heaven, for joy that we are here! + +[Sidenote: MERCY'S DREAM] + +Thus they talked a while, and then betook themselves to sleep. So in the +morning, when they were awake, Christiana said to Mercy, "What was the +matter, that you did laugh in your sleep to-night? I suppose you were in +a dream." + +MER. So I was, and a sweet dream it was; but are you sure I laughed? + +CHR. Yes, you laughed heartily; but, prithee, Mercy, tell me thy dream. + +MER. I was dreaming that I sat all alone in a solitary place, and was +bemoaning of the hardness of my heart. Now, I had not sat there long, +but methought many were gathered about me to see me, and to hear what it +was that I said. So they hearkened, and I went on bemoaning the hardness +of my heart. At this, some of them laughed at me, some called me fool, +and some thrust me about. With that, methought I looked up, and saw one +coming with wings towards me. So he came directly to me, and said, +"Mercy, what aileth thee?" Now, when he had heard me make my complaint, +he said, "Peace be to thee;" he also wiped mine eyes with his +handkerchief, and clad me in silver and gold. He put a chain about my +neck, and ear-rings in mine ears, and a beautiful crown upon my head. +Then he took me by the hand, and said, "Mercy, come after me." So he +went up, and I followed, till we came to a golden gate. Then he knocked; +and when they within opened, the man went in, and I followed him up to a +throne upon which One sat; and He said to me, "Welcome, daughter!" The +place looked bright and twinkling, like the stars, or rather like the +sun; and I thought that I saw your husband there. So I awoke from my +dream. But did I laugh? + +CHR. Laugh! ay, and well you might, to see yourself so well. For you +must give me leave to tell you, that I believe it was a good dream; and +that, as you have begun to find the first part true, so you shall find +the second at last. "God speaks once, yea, twice, yet man perceiveth it +not; in a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falleth upon +men, in slumberings upon the bed." We need not, when abed, to lie awake +to talk with God: He can visit us while we sleep, and cause us then to +hear His voice. Our heart oftentimes wakes when we sleep; and God can +speak to that, either by words, by proverbs, or by signs and +similitudes, as well as if one was awake. + +MER. Well, I am glad of my dream; for I hope ere long to see it +fulfilled, to the making of me laugh again. + +CHR. I think it is now high time to rise, and to know what we must do. + +MER. Pray, if they invite us to stay, a while, let us willingly accept +of the proffer. I am the willinger to stay a while here, to grow better +acquainted with these maids. Methinks Prudence, Piety, and Charity have +very lovely and sober countenances. + +CHR. We shall see what they will do. + +So, when they were up and ready, they came down; and they asked one +another of their rest, and if it was comfortable or not. + +MER. "Very good," said Mercy; "it was one of the best nights' lodging +that ever I had in my life." + +Then said Prudence and Piety, "If you will be persuaded to stay here a +while, you shall have what the house will afford." + +CHAR. "Ay, and that with a very good will," said Charity. + +So they consented, and stayed there about a month, or above, and became +very profitable one to another. + +[Sidenote: MR. BRISK VISITS MERCY] + +Now, by that these pilgrims had been at this place a week, Mercy had a +visitor that pretended some good-will unto her; and his name was Mr. +Brisk; a man of some breeding, and that pretended to religion, but a man +that stuck very close to the world. So he came once or twice, or more, +to Mercy, and offered love unto her. Now, Mercy was a fair countenance, +and therefore the more alluring. + +Her mind also was, to be always busying of herself in doing; for, when +she had nothing to do for herself, she would be making of hose and +garments for others, and would bestow them upon them that had need. And +Mr. Brisk, not knowing where or how she disposed of what she made, +seemed to be greatly taken, for that he found her never idle. "I will +warrant her a good housewife," quoth he to himself. + +Mercy then told the matter to the maidens that were of the house, and +inquired of them concerning him; for they did know him better than she. +So they told her that he was a very busy young man, and one who +pretended to serve the Lord, but was, as they feared, a stranger to the +power of that which is good. + +"Nay, then," said Mercy, "I will look no more on him; for I purpose +never to have a clog to my soul." + +Prudence then replied that "There needed no great matter of +discouragement to be given to him; her continuing so as she had begun to +do for the poor would quickly cool his courage." + +So, the next time he comes, he finds her at her old work, a-making of +things for the poor. Then said he, "What! always at it?" + +"Yes," said she, "either for myself or for others." + +"And what canst thou earn a day?" quoth he. + +"I do these things," said she, "that I may be rich in good works, laying +up in store for myself a good foundation against the time to come, that +I may lay hold on eternal life." + +"Why, prithee, what doest thou with them?" said he. + +"Clothe the naked," said she. + +With that, his countenance fell. So he forbore to come at her again. And +when he was asked the reason why, he said that "Mercy was a pretty lass, +but troubled with too much working for others." + +[Sidenote: MERCY REJECTS THE SUITOR] + +When he had left her, Prudence said, "Did I not tell thee that Mr. Brisk +would soon forsake thee? yea, he will raise up an ill report of thee; +for, notwithstanding his pretence to serve bad and his seeming love to +Mercy, yet Mercy and he are of tempers so different, that I believe they +will never come together." + +MER. I might have had husbands afore now, though I spake not of it to +any; but they were such as did not like my ways, though never did any of +them find fault with my person. So they and I could not agree. + +PRUD. Mercy in our days is little set by, any further than as to its +name: the practice, which is set forth by thy works, there are but few +that can abide. + +MER. "Well," said Mercy, "if nobody will have me, I will die a maid, or +my works shall be to me as a husband; for I cannot change my nature; and +to have one that lies cross to me in this, that I purpose never to admit +of as long as I live. I had a sister, named Bountiful, that was married +to one of these selfish people; but he and she could never agree; but, +because my sister was resolved to do as she had begun, that is, to show +kindness to the poor, therefore her husband first cried her down in +public, and then turned her out of his doors." + +PRUD. And yet he was a church-member, I warrant you? + +MER. Yes, such a one as he was; and of such as he the world is now +full; but I am for none of them at all. + +[Sidenote: MATTHEW FALLS SICK] + +Now Matthew, the eldest son of Christiana, fell sick, and his sickness +was sore upon him for he was much pained in his bowels; so that he was +with it, at times, pulled as it were both ends together. + +There dwelt also not far from thence one Mr. Skill, an ancient and +well-approved physician. So Christiana desired it and they sent for him, +and he came. When he was entered the room, and had a little observed the +boy, he concluded that he was sick of the gripes. Then he said to his +mother, "What diet has Matthew of late fed upon?" + +"Diet!" said Christiana, "nothing but that which is wholesome." + +The physician answered, "This boy has been tampering with something that +lies in his stomach undigested, and that will not away without means. +And I tell you he must be purged, or else he will die." + +SAM. Then said Samuel, "Mother, what was that which my brother did +gather up and eat, so soon as we were come from the gate that is at the +head of this way? You know that there was an orchard on the left hand, +on the other side of the wall, and some of the trees hung over the wall, +and my brother did pull down the branches and did eat." + +CHR. "True, my child," said Christiana, "he did take thereof and did +eat; naughty boy as he was, I did chide him, and yet he would eat +thereof." + +SKILL. I knew he had eaten something that was not wholesome food; and +that food, to wit, that fruit, is even the most hurtful of all. It is +the fruit of Beelzebub's orchard. I do marvel that none did warn you of +it: many have died thereof. + +CHR. Then Christiana began to cry, and she said, "Oh, naughty boy! and +oh, careless mother! What shall I do for my son?" + +SKILL. Come, do not be too much dejected; the boy may do well again, but +he must purge and vomit. + +CHR. Pray, sir, try the utmost of your skill with him, whatever it +costs. + +SKILL. Nay, I hope I shall be reasonable. + +[Sidenote: DOCTOR SKILL PRESCRIBES] + +So he made him a purge, but it was too weak; it was said, it was made of +the blood of a goat, the ashes of an heifer, and with some of the juice +of hyssop, etc. When Mr. Skill had seen that that purge was too weak, he +made him one to the purpose. It was made [the name was written in Latin] +_ex carne et sanguine Christi_;[8] (you know physicians give strange +medicines to their patients)--and it was made up into pills, with a +promise or two, and a proportionable quantity of salt. Now, he was to +take them three at a time, fasting, in half a quarter of a pint of the +tears of sorrow. + + [8] That is, "of the body and blood of Christ." + +When this potion was prepared and brought to the boy, he was loth to +take it, though torn with the gripes as if he should be pulled in +pieces. + +"Come, come," said the physician, "you must take it." + +"It goes against my stomach," said the boy. + +"I must have you take it," said his mother. + +"I shall vomit it up again," said the boy. + +"Pray, sir," said Christiana to Mr. Skill, "how does it taste?" + +"It has no ill taste," said the doctor; and with that she touched one of +the pills with the tip of her tongue. + +"O Matthew," said she, "this potion is sweeter than honey. If thou +lovest thy mother, if thou lovest thy brothers, if thou lovest Mercy, if +thou lovest thy life, take it." + +So, with much ado, after a short prayer for the blessing of God upon it, +he took it, and it wrought kindly with him. It caused him to purge, it +caused him to sleep and rest quietly; it put him into a fine heat and +breathing sweat, and did quite rid him of his gripes. So, in a little +time he got up, and walked about with a staff, and would go from room to +room, and talk with Prudence, Piety, and Charity, of his sickness, and +how he was healed. + +So, when the boy was healed, Christiana asked Mr. Skill, saying, "Sir, +what will content you for your pains and care to and of my child?" + +And he said, "You must pay the Master of the College of Physicians, +according to the rules made in that case and provided." + +CHR. "But, sir," said she, "what is this pill good for else?" + +SKILL. It is an universal pill: it is good against all the diseases that +pilgrims are troubled with; and when it is well prepared, it will keep +good time out of mind. + +CHR. Pray, sir, make me up twelve boxes of them; for if I can get these, +I will never take other physic. + +SKILL. These pills are good to prevent diseases, as well as to cure when +one is sick. Yea, I dare say it, and stand to it, that if a man will but +use this physic as he should, it will make him live for ever. But, good +Christiana, thou must give these pills no other way than as I have +prescribed; for if you do, they will do no good. So he gave unto +Christiana physic for herself and her boys, and for Mercy; and bid +Matthew take heed how he ate any more green plums; and kissed them and +went his way. + +It was told you before, that Prudence bid the boys, if at any time they +would, they should ask her some questions that might be profitable, and +she would say something to them. + +MATT. Then Matthew, who had been sick, asked her, "Why, for the most +part, physic should be bitter to our palates?" + +PRUD. To show how unwelcome the Word of God, and the effects thereof, +are to a sinful heart. + +MATT. Why does physic, if it does good, purge and cause that we vomit? + +PRUD. To show that the Word, when it works effectually, cleanseth the +heart and mind. For look, what the one doth to the body, the other doth +to the soul. + +MATT. What should we learn by seeing the flame of our fire go upwards, +and by seeing the beams and sweet influences of the sun strike +downwards? + +PRUD. By the going up of the fire, we are taught to ascend to heaven by +fervent and hot desires. And by the sun's sending his heat, beams, and +sweet influences downwards, we are taught that the Saviour of the world, +though high reaches down with His grace and love to us below. + +MATT. Where have the clouds their water? + +PRUD. Out of the sea. + +MATT. What may we learn from that? + +PRUD. That ministers should fetch their teaching from God. + +MATT. Why do they empty themselves upon the earth? + +PRUD. To show that ministers should give out what they know of God to +the world. + +MATT. Why is the rainbow caused by the sun? + +PRUD. To show that the promise of God's grace is made sure to us in +Christ. + +MATT. Why do the springs come from the sea to us through the earth? + +PRUD. To show that the grace of God comes to us through the body of +Christ. + +MATT. Why do some of the springs rise out of the tops of high hills? + +PRUD. To show that the spirit of grace shall spring up in some that are +great and mighty, as well as in many that are poor and low. + +MATT. Why doth the fire fasten upon the candle-wick? + +PRUD. To show that, unless grace doth kindle upon the heart, there will +be no true light of life in us. + +MATT. Why is the wick, and tallow, and all, spent to maintain the light +of the candle? + +PRUD. To show that body, and soul, and all, should be at the service of, +and spend themselves to maintain in good condition, that grace of God +that is in us. + +MATT. Why doth the pelican pierce her own breast with her bill? + +PRUD. To nourish her young ones with her blood, and thereby to show that +Christ the Blessed so loveth His young (His people), as to save them +from death by His blood. + +MATT. What may one learn by hearing the cock to crow? + +PRUD. Learn to remember Peter's sin and Peter's sorrow. The cock's +crowing shows also that day is coming on: let, then, the crowing of the +cock put thee in mind of that last and terrible day of judgment. + +Now, about this time, their month was out; wherefore they signified to +those of the house that it was convenient for them to be up and going. +Then said Joseph to his mother, "It is convenient that you forget not to +send to the house of Mr. Interpreter, to pray him to grant that Mr. +Great-heart should be sent unto us, that he may be our conductor the +rest of our way." + +"Good boy," said she, "I had almost forgot." So she drew up a petition, +and prayed Mr. Watchful the Porter to send it by some fit man to her +good friend Mr. Interpreter, who, when it was come, and he had seen the +contents of the petition, said to the messenger, "Go, tell them that I +will send him." + +When the family where Christiana was saw that they had a purpose to go +forward, they called the whole house together, to give thanks to their +King for sending of them such profitable guests as these. Which done, +they said unto Christiana, "And shall we not show thee something, +according, as our custom is to do to pilgrims, on which thou mayest +meditate when thou art upon the way?" + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS VIEW CURIOSITIES] + +So they took Christiana, her children, and Mercy, into the closet, and +showed them one of the apples that Eve did eat of, and that which she +also did give to her husband, and that for the eating of which they were +both turned out of Paradise, and asked her what she thought that was. + +Then Christiana said, "It is food or poison, I know not which." + +So they opened the matter to her, and she held up her hands and +wondered. + +Then they had her to a place, and showed her Jacob's ladder. Now, at +that time there were some angels ascending upon it. So Christiana looked +and looked, to see the angels go up, and so did the rest of the company. +Then they were going into another place, to show them something else; +but James said to his mother, "Pray bid them stay here a little longer, +for this is a curious sight." So they turned again, and stood feeding +their eyes with this so pleasing a prospect. + +After this they had them into a place where did hang up a golden anchor. +So they bid Christiana take it down; "For," said they, "you shall have +it with you, for it is of absolute necessity that you should, that you +may lay hold of that within the veil, and stand steadfast, in case you +should meet with turbulent weather." So they were glad thereof. + +Then they took them, and had them to the mount upon which Abraham our +father had offered up Isaac his son, and showed them the altar, the +wood, the fire, and the knife; for they remain to be seen to this very +day. When they had seen it, they held up their hands, and blessed +themselves, and said, "Oh! what a man for love to his Master, and for +denial to himself, was Abraham!" + +After they had showed them all these things, Prudence took them into the +dining-room, where stood a pair of excellent virginals;[9] so she +played upon them, and turned what she had showed them into this +excellent song, saying: + + "Eve's apple we have showed you-- + Of that be you aware; + You have seen Jacob's ladder too, + Upon which angels are. + An anchor you received have: + But let not these suffice, + Until with Abra'm, you have gave + Your best a sacrifice." + + [9] An instrument of music, used in the time of John Bunyan, somewhat + like a very small piano. + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART CONDUCTS THEM] + +Now, about this time, one knocked at the door. So the Porter opened, and +behold, Mr. Great-heart was there; but when he was come in, what joy was +there! For it came now fresh again into their minds, how, but a while +ago, he had slain old Grim Bloody-man, the giant, and had delivered them +from the lions. + +Then said Mr. Great-heart to Christiana and to Mercy, "My lord has sent +each of you a bottle of wine, and also some parched corn, together with +a couple of pomegranates; he has also sent the boys some figs and +raisins, to refresh you in your way." + +Then they addressed themselves to their journey; and Prudence and Piety +went along with them. When they came at the gate, Christiana asked the +Porter if any one of late went by. + +He said, "No; only one some time since, who also told me that, of late, +there had been a great robbery committed on the King's highway as you +go. But he saith the thieves are taken, and will shortly be tried for +their lives." + +Then Christiana and Mercy were afraid; but Matthew said, "Mother, fear +nothing as long as Mr. Great-heart is to go with us, and to be our +conductor." + +Then said Christiana to the Porter, "Sir, I am much obliged to you for +all the kindnesses that you have shown me since I came hither, and also +for that you have been so loving and kind to my children. I know not how +to gratify your kindness; wherefore, pray, as a token of my respects to +you, accept of this small mite." + +So she put a gold angel[10] in his hand; and he made her a low +obeisance, and said, "Let thy garments be always white, and let thy head +want no ointment. Let Mercy live and not die, and let not her works be +few." And to the boys he said, "Do you flee youthful passions, and +follow after godliness with them that are grave and wise, so shall you +put gladness into your mother's heart, and obtain praise of all that are +sober-minded." + + [10] An old English coin, bearing the figure of an angel. + +So they thanked the Porter, and departed. + +Now I saw in my dream that they went forward until they were come to the +brow of the hill; where Piety, bethinking herself, cried out, "Alas! I +have forgot what I intended to bestow upon Christiana and her +companions: I will go back and fetch it." So she ran and fetched it. +While she was gone, Christiana thought she heard, in a grove a little +way off on the right hand, a most curious melodious note, with words +much like these: + + "Through all my life Thy favor is + So frankly showed to me, + That in Thy house for evermore + My dwelling-place shall be." + +And listening still, she thought she heard another answer it, saying: + + "For why? the Lord our God is good; + His mercy is for ever sure; + His truth at all times firmly stood, + And shall from age to age endure." + +So Christiana asked Prudence what it was that made those curious notes. +"They are," said she, "our country birds: they sing these notes but +seldom, except it be at the spring, when the flowers appear and the sun +shines warm, and then you may hear them all day long. I often," said +she, "go out to hear them; we also ofttimes keep them tame in our house. +They are very fine company for us when we are melancholy; also they make +the woods, and groves, and solitary places, places desirable to be in." + +By this time Piety was come again. So she said to Christiana, "Look +here: I have brought thee a plan of all those things that thou hast seen +at our house, upon which thou mayest look when thou findest thyself +forgetful, and call those things again to remembrance for thy teaching +and comfort." + + + + +CHAPTER VI. + +THE VALLEY OF HUMILIATION. + + +Now they began to go down the hill into the Valley of Humiliation. It +was a steep hill, and the way was slippery; but they were very careful, +so they got down pretty well. When they were down in the valley, Piety +said to Christiana, "This is the place where Christian, your husband, +met with the foul fiend Apollyon, and where they had that dreadful fight +that they had: I know you cannot but have heard thereof. But be of good +courage: as long as you have here Mr. Great-heart to be your guide and +conductor, we hope you will fare the better." + +So when these two had given the pilgrims unto the care of their guide, +he went forward, and they went after. + +GREAT. Then said Mr. Great-heart, "We need not to be so afraid of this +valley, for here is nothing to hurt us, unless we procure it to +ourselves. It is true that Christian did here meet with Apollyon, with +whom he had also a sore combat; but that fray was the fruit of those +slips that he got in his going down the hill; for they that get slips +there, must look for combats here. And hence it is that this valley has +got so hard a name. For the common people, when they hear that some +frightful thing has befallen such a one in such a place, are of an +opinion that that place is haunted with some foul fiend or evil spirit; +when, alas! it is for the fruit of their doing that such things do +befall them there. This Valley of Humiliation is of itself as fruitful a +place as any the crow flies over; and I am persuaded, if we could hit +upon it, we might find, somewhere hereabouts, something that might give +us an account why Christian was so hardly beset in this place." + +Then James said to his mother, "Lo, yonder stands a pillar, and it looks +as if something was written thereon: let us go and see what it is." So +they went, and found there written, "Let Christian's slips before he +came hither, and the battles that he met with in this place, be a +warning to those that come after." + +"Lo!" said their guide, "did not I tell you that there was something +hereabouts that would give intimation of the reason why Christian was so +hard beset in this place?" Then turning himself to Christiana, he said, +"No disgrace to Christian, more than to many others whose hap and loss +his was; for it is easier going up than down this hill; and that can be +said but of few hills in all these parts of the world. But we will leave +the good man: he is at rest; he also had a brave victory over his enemy. +Let Him that dwelleth above grant that we fare no worse, when we come to +be tried, than he. + +"But we will come again to this Valley of Humiliation. It is the best +and most fruitful piece of ground in all these parts. It is fat ground, +and, as you see, consisteth much in meadows; and if a man was to come +here in the summer-time, as we do now, if he knew not anything before +thereof, and if he also delighted himself in the sight of his eyes, he +might see that that would be delightful to him. Behold how green this +valley is, also how beautified with lilies! I have also known many +laboring men that have got good estates in this valley of Humiliation; +for 'God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.' Indeed, +it is a very fruitful soil, and doth bring forth by handfuls. Some also +have wished that the next way to their Father's house were here, that +they might be troubled no more with either hills or mountains to go +over; but the way is the way, and there's an end." + +Now, as they were going along and talking, they espied a boy feeding his +father's sheep. The boy was in very mean clothes, but of a very fresh +and well-favored countenance; and as he sat by himself he sang. "Hark," +said Mr. Great-heart, "to what the shepherd's boy saith." So they +hearkened, and he said: + + "He that is down needs fear no fall + He that is low, no pride; + He that is humble ever shall + Have God to be his guide. + + "I am content with what I have + Little be it or much: + And, Lord, contentment still I crave + Because Thou savest much. + + "Fulness to such a burden is, + That go on pilgrimage; + Here little, and hereafter bliss, + Is best from age to age." + +Then said their guide, "Do you hear him? I will dare to say that this +boy lives a merrier life, and wears more of that herb called +heart's-ease in his bosom, than he that is clad in silk and velvet. But +we will proceed in our account of this valley. + +"In this valley our Lord formerly had His country house: He loved much +to be here. He loved also to walk these meadows, for He found the air +was pleasant. Besides, here a man shall be free from the noise and from +the hurryings of this life. All states are full of noise and confusion, +only the Valley of Humiliation is that empty and solitary place. Here a +man shall not be so let and hindered in his thoughts as in other places +he is apt to be. This is a valley that nobody walks in but those that +love a pilgrim's life. And though Christian had the hard hap to meet +here with Apollyon, and to enter with him into a brisk encounter, yet I +must tell you that in former times men have met with angels here, have +found pearls here, and have in this place found the words of life. + +"Did I say, our Lord had here in former days His country house, and +that He loved here to walk? I will add, in this place, and to the people +that love to tread these grounds, He has left a yearly sum of money, to +be faithfully paid them at certain seasons, for their support by the +way, and for their further encouragement to go on their pilgrimage." + +SAM. Now, as they went on, Samuel said to Mr. Great-heart, "Sir, I +perceive that in this valley my father and Apollyon had their battle; +but whereabout was the fight? for I perceive this valley is large." + +[Sidenote: FORGETFUL GREEN] + +GREAT. Your father had that battle with Apollyon at a place yonder +before us, in a narrow passage just beyond Forgetful Green. And, indeed, +that place is the most dangerous place in all these parts. For, if at +any time the pilgrims meet with any brunt, it is when they forget what +favors they have received, and how unworthy they are of them. This is +the place also where others have been hard put to it. But more of the +place when we are come to it; for I persuade myself, that to this day +there remains either some sign of the battle, or some monument to +testify that such a battle there was fought. + +MER. Then said Mercy, "I think that I am as well in this valley as I +have been anywhere else in all our journey: the place, methinks, suits +with my spirit. I love to be in such places, where there is no rattling +with coaches nor rumbling with wheels. Methinks here one may, without +much trouble, be thinking what he is, whence he came, what he has done, +and to what the King has called him. Here one may think and break at +heart, and melt in one's spirit, until one's eyes become like the +fish-pools in Heshbon. They that go rightly through this Valley of Baca, +make it a well; the rain that God sends down from heaven upon them that +are here also filleth the pools. This valley is that from whence also +the King will give to His their vineyards; and they that go through it +shall sing, as Christian did, for all he met with Apollyon." + +GREAT. "'Tis true," said their guide; "I have gone through this valley +many a time, and never was better than when here. I have also been a +conductor to several pilgrims, and they have confessed the same. 'To +this man will I look,' saith the King, 'even to him that is poor and of +a contrite spirit, and that trembleth at my word.'" + +Now they were come to the place where the afore-mentioned battle was +fought. Then said the guide to Christiana, her children, and Mercy, +"This is the place; on this ground Christian stood, and up there came +Apollyon against him. And look--did not I tell you?--here is some of +your husband's blood upon these stones to this day. Behold, also, how +here and there are yet to be seen upon the place some of the shivers of +Apollyon's broken darts. See also how they did beat the ground with +their feet as they fought, to make good their places against each other; +how also, with their by-blows, they did split the very stones in +pieces. Verily, Christian did here play the man, and showed himself as +stout as could, had he been there, even Hercules himself. When Apollyon +was beat, he made his retreat to the next valley, that is called the +Valley of the Shadow of Death, unto which we shall come soon. Lo, yonder +also stands a monument, on which is engraven this battle, and +Christian's victory, to his fame throughout all ages." + +[Sidenote: VALLEY OF SHADOW OF DEATH] + +So, because it stood just on the way-side before them, they stepped to +it, and read the writing, which word for word was this: + + "Hard by here was a battle fought, + Most strange, and yet most true; + Christian and Apollyon sought + Each other to subdue. + + "The man so bravely played the man, + He made the fiend to fly; + Of which a monument I stand, + The same to testify." + +When they had passed by this place, they came upon the borders of the +Shadow of Death. This valley was longer than the other; a place also +most strangely haunted with evil things, as many are able to testify; +but these women and children went the better through it, because they +had daylight, and because Mr. Great-heart was their conductor. + +When they were entered upon this valley, they thought that they heard a +groaning, as of dead men--a very great groaning. They thought also that +they did hear words of moaning spoken, as of some in extreme torment. +These things made the boys to quake; the women also looked pale and wan; +but their guide bid them be of good comfort. + +So they went on a little farther, and they thought that they felt the +ground begin to shake under them, as if some hollow place was there; +they heard also a kind of hissing, as of serpents; but nothing as yet +appeared. Then said the boys, "Are we not yet at the end of this doleful +place?" But the guide also bid them be of good courage, and look well to +their feet; "lest haply," said he, "you be taken in some snare." + +Now James began to be sick; but I think the cause thereof was fear; so +his mother gave him some of that glass of spirits that had been given +her at the Interpreter's house, and three of the pills that Mr. Skill +had prepared; and the boy began to revive. Thus they went on till they +came to about the middle of the valley; and then Christiana said, +"Methinks I see something yonder upon the road before us, a thing of +such a shape as I have not seen." Then said Joseph, "Mother, what is +it?" "An ugly thing, child, an ugly thing," said she. "But, mother, what +is it like?" said he. "'Tis like I cannot tell what," said she, "and now +it is but a little way off." Then said she, "It is nigh!" + +[Sidenote: RESIST THE DEVIL] + +"Well, well," said Mr. Great-heart, "let them that are most afraid keep +close to me." So the fiend came on, and the conductor met it; but, when +it was just come to him, it vanished to all their sights. Then +remembered they what had been said some time ago, "Resist the devil, and +he will flee from you." + +They went therefore on, as being a little refreshed. But they had not +gone far before Mercy, looking behind her, saw, as she thought, +something most like a lion, and it came a great padding pace after; and +it had a hollow voice of roaring, and at every roar that it gave it made +all the valley echo, and all their hearts to ache, save the heart of him +that was their guide. So it came up, and Mr. Great-heart went behind, +and put the pilgrims all before him. The lion also came on apace, and +Mr. Great-heart addressed himself to give him battle. But, when he saw +that it was determined that resistance should be made, he also drew +back, and came no farther. + +They then went on again, and their conductor did go before them, till +they came to a place where was cast up a pit the whole breadth of the +way; and before they could be prepared to go over that, a great mist and +darkness fell upon them, so that they could not see. Then said the +pilgrims, "Alas! what now shall we do?" But their guide made answer, +"Fear not, stand still, and see what an end will be put to this also." +So they stayed there, because their path was marred. They then also +thought that they did hear more apparently the noise and rushing of the +enemies; the fire also, and the smoke of the pit, were much easier to be +discerned. Then said Christiana to Mercy, "Now I see what my poor +husband went through. I have heard much of this place, but I never was +here before now. Poor man! he went here all alone in the night; he had +night almost quite through the way; also these fiends were busy about +him, as if they would have torn him in pieces. Many have spoken of it, +but none can tell what the Valley of the Shadow of Death should mean, +until they come in it themselves. 'The heart knoweth its own bitterness, +and a stranger intermeddleth not with its joy.' To be here is a fearful +thing." + +GREAT. This is like doing business in great waters, or like going down +into the deep. This is like being in the heart of the sea, and like +going down to the bottoms of the mountains. Now it seems as if the +earth, with its bars, were about us for ever. But let them that walk in +darkness and have no light, trust in the name of the Lord, and stay upon +their God. For my part, as I have told you already, I have gone often +through this valley, and have been much harder put to it than now I am; +and yet, you see, I am alive. I would not boast, for that I am not mine +own saviour; but I trust we shall have a good deliverance. Come, let us +pray for light to Him that can lighten our darkness, and that can +rebuke not only these, but all the Satans in hell. + +So they cried and prayed, and God sent light and deliverance; for there +was now no hindrance in their way, no, not there where but now they were +stopped with a pit. Yet they were not got through the valley; so they +went on still; and behold, great stinks and loathsome smells, to the +great annoyance of them. Then said Mercy to Christiana, "It is not so +pleasant being here as at the gate, or at the Interpreter's, or at the +house where we lay last." + +"Oh, but," said one of the boys, "it is not so bad to go through here as +it is to abide here always; and, for aught I know, one reason why we +must go this way to the house prepared for us is, that our home might be +made the sweeter to us." + +"Well said, Samuel," quoth the guide; "thou hast now spoke like a man." + +"Why, if ever I get out here again," said the boy, "I think I shall +prize light and good way better than ever I did in all my life." + +Then said the guide, "We shall be out by-and-by." + +So on they went, and Joseph said, "Cannot we see to the end of this +valley as yet?" + +[Sidenote: AMONG THE SNARES] + +Then said the guide, "Look to your feet, for we shall presently be among +the snares." + +So they looked to their feet, and went on; but they were troubled much +with the snares. Now, when they were come among the snares, they espied +a man cast into the ditch on the left hand, with his flesh all rent and +torn. + +Then said the guide, "That is one Heedless, that was going this way; he +has lain there a great while. There was one Take-heed with him when he +was taken and slain, but he escaped their hands. You cannot imagine how +many are killed hereabouts; and yet men are so foolishly venturous as to +set out lightly on pilgrimage, and to come without a guide. Poor +Christian! it is a wonder that he here escaped; but he was beloved of +his God, also he had a good heart of his own, or else he could never +have done it." + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART ENCOUNTERS MAUL] + +Now they drew towards the end of the way; and just where Christian had +seen the cave when he went by, out thence came forth Maul, a giant. This +Maul did use to spoil young pilgrims by deceiving them; and he called +Great-heart by his name, and said unto him, "How many times have you +been forbidden to do these things?" + +Then said Mr. Great-heart, "What things?" + +"What things!" quoth the giant; "you know what things; but I will put an +end to your trade." + +"But pray," said Mr. Great-heart, "before we fall to it, let us +understand wherefore we must fight." + +Now the women and children stood trembling, and knew not what to do. + +Quoth the giant, "You rob the country, and rob it with the worst of +thefts." + +"These are but random words," said Mr. Great-heart; "tell what robberies +I have done, man." + +Then said the giant, "Thou practicest the craft of a kidnapper: thou +gatherest up women and children, and carriest them into a strange +country, to the weakening of my master's kingdom." + +But now Great-heart replied, "I am a servant of the God of heaven; my +business is to persuade sinners to turn to God. I am commanded to do my +best to turn men, women, and children from darkness to light, and from +the power of Satan unto God; and if this be indeed the ground of thy +quarrel, let us fall to it as soon as thou wilt." + +[Sidenote: THE GIANT IS SLAIN] + +Then the giant came up, and Mr. Great-heart went to meet him; and as he +went, he drew his sword, but the giant had a club. So without more ado +they fell to it; and, at the first blow, the giant struck Mr. +Great-heart down upon one of his knees. With that, the women and +children cried out. So Mr. Great-heart, recovering himself, laid about +him in full lusty manner, and gave the giant a wound in his arm. Thus he +fought for the space of an hour, to that height of heat, that the breath +came out of the giant's nostrils as the heat doth out of a boiling +cauldron. + +Then they sat down to rest them; but Mr. Great-heart betook himself to +prayer. Also the women and children did nothing but sigh and cry all the +time that the battle did last. + +When they had rested them, and taken breath, they both fell to it again; +and Mr. Great-heart with a blow fetched the giant down to the ground. +"Nay, hold, and let me recover," quoth he. So Mr. Great-heart fairly let +him get up: so to it they went again; and the giant missed but little of +breaking Mr. Great-heart's skull with his club. + +Mr. Great-heart seeing that, runs to him in the full heat of his spirit, +and pierceth him under the fifth rib. With that the giant began to +faint, and could hold up his club no longer. Then Mr. Great-heart +seconded his blow, and smote the head of the giant from his shoulders. +Then the women and the children rejoiced, and Mr. Great-heart also +praised God for the deliverance He had wrought. + +When this was done, they amongst them erected a pillar, and fastened the +giant's head thereon, and wrote under it in letters that passengers +might read: + + "He that did wear this head, was one + That pilgrims did misuse; + He stopped their way, he spared none, + But did them all abuse; + Until that I, Great-heart, arose, + The pilgrims' guide to be; + Until that I did him oppose + That was their enemy." + +Now, I saw that they went to the high ground that was a little way off, +cast up to be a prospect for pilgrims. That was the place from whence +Christiana had the first sight of Faithful his brother. Wherefore here +they sat down and rested. They also here did eat and drink and make +merry, for that they had gotten deliverance from this so dangerous an +enemy. As they sat thus and did eat, Christiana asked the guide if he +had caught no hurt in the battle. Then said Mr. Great-heart, "No, save a +little on my flesh; yet that also shall be so far from being to my harm +that it is at present a proof of my love to my Master and you, and shall +be a means, by grace, to increase my reward at last." + +CHR. But were you not afraid, good sir, when you saw him come out with +his club? + +GREAT. "It is my duty," said he, "to mistrust my own ability, that I may +have trust in Him who is stronger than all." + +CHR. But what did you think when he fetched you down to the ground at +the first blow? + +GREAT. "Why, I thought," replied he, "that so my Master Himself was +served; and yet He it was that conquered at the last." + +MATT. When you all have thought what you please, I think God has been +wonderful good unto us, both in bringing us out of this valley, and in +delivering us out of the hand of this enemy. For my part, I see no +reason why we should distrust our God any more, since He has now, and in +such a place as this, given us such proof of His love as this. + +[Sidenote: OLD HONEST] + +Then they got up and went forward. Now, a little before them stood an +oak; and under it, when they came to it, they found an old pilgrim fast +asleep. They knew that he was a pilgrim by his clothes, and his staff, +and his girdle. + +So the guide, Mr. Great-heart, awaked him; and the old gentleman, as he +lifted up his eyes, cried out, "What's the matter? what are you, and +what is your business here?" + +GREAT. Come, man, be not so hot; here are none but friends. + +Yet the old man gets up, and stands upon his guard, and will know of +them what they are. Then said the guide, "My name is Great-heart; I am +the guide of these pilgrims, that are going to the Celestial Country." + +HONEST. Then said Mr. Honest, "I cry you mercy: I feared that you had +been of the company of those that some time ago did rob Little-Faith of +his money; but now I look better about me I perceive you are honester +people." + +GREAT. Why, what would or could you have done to have helped yourself, +if we indeed had been of that company? + +HON. Done! why, I would have fought as long as breath had been in me; +and, had I so done, I am sure you could never have given me the worst +on't, for a Christian can never be overcome unless he shall yield of +himself. + +GREAT. "Well said, Father Honest," quoth the guide; "for by this I know +thou art a cock of the right kind, for thou hast said the truth." + +HON. And by this also I know that thou knowest what true pilgrimage is; +for all others do think that we are the soonest overcome of any. + +[Sidenote: CONVERSES WITH HONEST] + +GREAT. Well, now we are so happily met, pray let me crave your name, and +the name of the place you came from. + +HON. My name I cannot; but I came from the town of Stupidity; it lieth +about four degrees beyond the City of Destruction. + +GREAT. Oh! are you that countryman? then I deem I have half a guess of +you: your name is old Honesty, is it not? + +HON. So the old gentleman blushed, and said, "Not Honesty, but Honest is +my name; and I wish that my nature may agree to what I am called. But, +sir," said the old gentleman, "how could you guess that I am such a man, +since I came from such a place?" + +GREAT. I had heard of you before by my Master; for He knows all things +that are done on the earth. But I have often wondered that any should +come from your place, for your town is worse than is the City of +Destruction itself. + +HON. Yes, we lie more off from the sun, and so are more cold and +senseless. But were a man in a mountain of ice, yet if the Sun of +Righteousness should rise upon him, his frozen heart shall feel a thaw; +and thus it hath been with me. + +GREAT. I believe it, Father Honest, I believe it; for I know the thing +is true. + +Then the old gentleman saluted all the pilgrims with a holy kiss of +love, and asked them their names, and how they had fared since they had +set out on their pilgrimage. + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "My name I suppose you have heard of: good +Christian was my husband, and these are his children." + +But can you think how the old gentleman was taken when she told him who +she was? He skipped, he smiled, he blessed them with a thousand good +wishes, saying: + +HON. I have heard much of your husband, and of his travels and wars +which he underwent in his days. Be it spoken to your comfort, the name +of your husband rings all over these parts of the world: his faith, his +courage, his enduring, and his sincerity under all, have made his name +famous. Then he turned him to the boys, and asked of them their names, +which they told him. Then he said unto them, "Matthew, be thou like +Matthew the publican, not in vice, but in virtue. Samuel," said he, "be +thou like Samuel the prophet, a man of faith and prayer. Joseph," said +he, "be thou like Joseph in Potiphar's house, pure, and one that flees +from temptation. And James, be thou like James the Just, and like James +the brother of our Lord." Then they told him of Mercy, and how she had +left her town and her kindred to come along with Christiana and with her +sons. At that, the old honest man said, "Mercy is thy name? by Mercy +shalt thou be sustained and carried through all those difficulties that +shall attack thee in thy way, till thou shalt come thither where thou +shalt look the Fountain of Mercy in the face with comfort." + +All this while the guide, Mr. Great-heart, was very well pleased and +smiled upon his companion. + +[Sidenote: THEY DISCUSS MR. FEARING] + +Now, as they walked along together, the guide asked the old gentleman if +he did not know one Mr. Fearing, that came on pilgrimage out of his +parts. + +HON. "Yes, very well," said he. "He was a man that had the root of the +matter in him; but he was one of the most troublesome pilgrims that ever +I met with in all my days." + +GREAT. I perceive you knew him, for you have given a very right +character of him. + +HON. Knew him! I was a great companion of his; I was with him most an +end: when he first began to think upon what would come upon us +hereafter, I was with him. + +GREAT. I was his guide from my master's house to the gates of the +Celestial City. + +HON. Then you knew him to be a troublesome one? + +GREAT. I did so; but I could very well bear it, for men of my calling +are oftentimes entrusted with the conduct of such as he was. + +HON. Well, then, pray let us hear a little of him, and how he managed +himself under your conduct. + +GREAT. Why, he was always afraid that he should come short of whither he +had a desire to go. Everything frightened him that he heard anybody +speak of, if it had but the least appearance of opposition in it. I hear +that he lay roaring at the Slough of Despond for above a month together; +nor durst he, for all he saw several go over before him, venture, though +they, many of them, offered to lend him their hand. He would not go back +again neither. The Celestial City, he said, he should die if he came not +to it; and yet was discouraged at every difficulty, and stumbled at +every straw that anybody cast in his way. Well, after he had lain at the +Slough of Despond a great while, as I have told you, one sunshine +morning, I don't know how, he ventured, and so got over; but, when he +was over, he would scarce believe it. He had, I think, a Slough of +Despond in his mind, a slough that he carried everywhere with him, or +else he could never have been as he was. So he came up to the gate (you +know what I mean) that stands at the head of this way, and here also he +stood a good while before he would venture to knock. When the gate was +opened, he would give back, and give place to others, and say that he +was not worthy. For, for all he got before some to the gate, yet many of +them went in before him. There the poor man would stand shaking and +shrinking: I dare say it would have pitied one's heart to have seen him. +Nor would he go back again. At last, he took the hammer that hanged on +the gate in his hand, and gave a small rap or two; then One opened to +him, but he shrank back as before. He that opened stepped out after +him, and said, "Thou trembling one, what wantest thou?" With that, he +fell down to the ground. He that spoke to him wondered to see him so +faint; so He said to him, "Peace be to thee: up, for I have set open the +door to thee; come in, for thou are blessed." With that, he got up, and +went in trembling; and when he was in, he was ashamed to show his face. +Well, after he had been entertained there a while, as you know how the +manner is, he was bid go on his way, and also told the way he should +take. So he came till he came to our house; but as he behaved himself at +the gate, so he did at my master the Interpreter's door. He lay +thereabout in the cold a good while before he would venture to call: yet +he would not go back; and the nights were long and cold then. Nay, he +had a note of need in his bosom to my master, to receive him and grant +him the comfort of his house, and also to allow him a stout and valiant +conductor, because he was himself so chicken-hearted a man; and yet, for +all that, he was afraid to call at the door. So he lay up and down +thereabouts, till, poor man, he was almost starved; yea, so great was +his fear, though he had seen several others for knocking get in, yet he +was afraid to venture. At last, I think I looked out of the window, and +perceiving a man to be up and down about the door, I went out to him, +and asked what he was; but, poor man, the water stood in his eyes; so I +perceived what he wanted. I went therefore in, and told it in the +house, and we showed the things to our Lord: so he sent me out again, to +entreat him to come in; but I dare say I had hard work to do it. At last +he came in; and I will say that for my Lord, he carried it wonderful +lovingly to him. There were but few good bits at the table, but some of +it was laid upon his trencher. Then he presented the note; and my Lord +looked thereon, and said his desire should be granted. So, when he had +been there a good while, he seemed to get some heart, and to be a little +more comfortable. For my master, you must know, is one of very tender +heart, specially to them that are afraid; wherefore he carried it so +towards him as might tend most to his encouragement. Well, when he had a +sight of the things of the place, and was ready to take his journey to +go to the City, my Lord, as he did to Christian before, gave him a +bottle of spirits, and some comfortable things to eat. Thus we set +forward, and I went before him; but the man was but of few words, only +he would sigh aloud. + +[Sidenote: GREAT-HEART'S REMINISCENCES] + +When we were come to the place where the three fellows were hanged, he +said that he doubted that that would be his end also. Only he seemed +glad when he saw the Cross and the sepulchre. There, I confess, he +desired to stay a little to look; and he seemed, for a little while +after, to be a little cheery. When we came at the Hill Difficulty, he +made no stick at that, nor did he much fear the lions, for you must know +that his trouble was not about such things as those; his fear was about +his acceptance at last. + +I got him in at the House Beautiful, I think, before he was willing. +Also, when he was in, I brought him acquainted with the damsels that +were of the place; but he was ashamed to make himself much for company. +He desired much to be alone; yet he always loved good talk, and often +would get behind the screen to hear it. He also loved much to see +ancient things, and to be pondering them in his mind. He told me, +afterwards, that he loved to be in those two houses from which he came +last; to wit, at the gate, and that of the Interpreter; but that he +durst not be so bold as to ask. + +When we went also from the House Beautiful, down the hill into the +Valley of Humiliation, he went down as well as ever I saw a man in my +life: for he cared not how mean he was, so he might be happy at last. +Yea, I think there was a kind of sympathy betwixt that valley and him; +for I never saw him better in all his pilgrimage than when he was in +that valley. + +Here he would lie down, embrace the ground, and kiss the very flowers +that grew in this valley. He would now be up every morning by break of +day, tracing and walking to and fro in this valley. + +But when he was come to the entrance of the Valley of the Shadow of +Death, I thought I should have lost my man: not for that he had any +inclination to go back--that he always abhorred; but he was ready to +die for fear. "Oh, the hobgoblins will have me! the hobgoblins will have +me!" cried he, and I could not beat him out of it. He made such a noise +and such an outcry here, that, had they but heard him, it was enough to +encourage them to come and fall upon us. + +But this I took very great notice of, that this valley was as quiet +while we went through it as ever I knew it before or since. I suppose +those enemies here had now a special check from our Lord, and a command +not to meddle until Mr. Fearing had passed over it. + +[Sidenote: FEARING AT VANITY FAIR] + +It would be too tedious to tell you of all, I will therefore only +mention a passage or two more. When he was come at Vanity Fair, I +thought he would have fought with all the men in the fair. I feared +there we should both have been knocked on the head, so hot was he +against their fooleries. Upon the Enchanted Ground he was also very +wakeful. But, when he was come at the river where was no bridge, there +again he was in a heavy case. Now, now, he said, he should be drowned +for ever, and so never see that face with comfort that he had come so +many miles to behold. + +And here also I took notice of what was very remarkable: the water of +that river was lower at this time than ever I saw it in all my life: so +he went over at last, not much above wetshod. When he was going up to +the gate, I began to take leave of him, and to wish him a good +reception above. So he said, "I shall, I shall." Then parted we +asunder, and I saw him no more. + +HON. Then it seems he was well at last? + +GREAT. Yes, yes; I never had a doubt about him. He was a man of choice +spirit; only he was always kept very low, and that made his life so +burthensome to himself and so troublesome to others. He was, above many, +tender of sin: he was so afraid of doing injuries to others, that he +often would deny himself of that which was lawful because he would not +offend. + +HON. But what should be the reason that such a good man should be all +his days so much in the dark? + +GREAT. There are two sorts of reasons for it. One is, the wise God will +have it so; some must pipe, and some must weep. Now Mr. Fearing was one +that played upon this bass. He and his fellows sound the sackbut, whose +notes are more doleful than the notes of other music are; though, +indeed, some say the bass is the ground of music. And, for my part, I +care not at all for that profession which begins, not in heaviness of +mind. The first string that the musician usually touches is the bass, +when he intends to put all in tune. God also plays upon this string +first, when He sets the soul in tune for Himself. Only here was the +imperfection of Mr. Fearing: he could play upon no other music but this +till toward his latter end. + +I make bold to talk thus in figures, for the ripening of the wits of +young readers, and because, in the book of the Revelation, the saved +are compared to a company of musicians, that play upon their trumpets +and harps, and sing their songs before the throne. + +HON. He was a very zealous man, as one may see by the relation which you +have given of him. Difficulties, lions, or Vanity Fair he feared not at +all; it was only sin, death, and hell that were to him a terror, because +he had some doubts about his interest in that Celestial Country. + +GREAT. You say right: those were the things that were his troublers, and +they, as you have well observed, arose from the weakness of his mind +thereabout, not from weakness of spirit as to the practical part of a +pilgrim's life. I dare believe that, as the proverb is, he would have +bit a firebrand, had it stood in his way; but the things with which he +was oppressed no man ever yet could shake off with ease. + +CHR. Then said Christiana, "This relation of Mr. Fearing has done me +good. I thought nobody had been like me; but I see there was some +semblance betwixt this good man and I: only we differed in two things. +His troubles were so great that they broke out; but mine I kept within. +His also lay so hard upon him, they made him that he could not knock at +the houses provided for entertainment; but my trouble was always such as +made me knock the louder." + +MER. If I might also speak my heart, I must say that something of him +has also dwelt in me; for I have ever been more afraid of the lake, and +the loss of a place in Paradise, than I have been of the loss of other +things. Oh, thought I, may I have the happiness to have a habitation +there, it is enough, though I part with all the world to win it! + +MATT. Then said Matthew, "Fear was one thing that made me think that I +was far from having that within me which makes me sure of being saved. +But if it were so with such a good man as he, why may it not also go +well with me?" + +JAMES. "No fears, no grace," said James, "Though there is not always +grace where there is the fear of hell, yet, to be sure, there is no +grace where there is no fear of God." + +GREAT. Well said, James; thou hast hit the mark. For the fear of God is +the beginning of wisdom; and, to be sure, they that want the beginning +have neither middle nor end. But we will here conclude our discourse of +Mr. Fearing, after we have sent after him this farewell: + + "Well, Master Fearing, thou didst fear + Thy God, and wast afraid + Of doing anything while here + That would have thee betrayed. + + "And didst thou fear the lake and pit? + Would others did so too! + For, as for them that want thy wit, + They do themselves undo." + +[Sidenote: HONEST TELLS OF MR. SELF-WILL] + +Now I saw that they still went on in their talk; for, after Mr. +Great-heart had made an end with Mr. Fearing, Mr. Honest began to tell +them of another, but his name was Mr. Self-will. "He pretended himself +to be a pilgrim," said Mr. Honest, "but I persuade myself he never came +in at the gate that stands at the head of the way." + +GREAT. Had you ever any talk with him about it? + +HON. Yes, more than once or twice; but he would always be like himself, +self-willed. He neither cared for man, nor argument, nor yet example; +what his mind prompted him to, that he would do, and nothing else could +he be got to do. + +GREAT. Pray, what principles did he hold? for I suppose you can tell. + +HON. He held that a man might follow the sins as well as the virtues of +pilgrims; and that, if he did both, he should be certainly saved. + +GREAT. How! If he had said it is possible for the best to be guilty of +the vices, as well as to partake of the virtues, of pilgrims, he could +not much have been blamed; for, indeed, we are free from no sin +absolutely, but on condition that we watch and strive. But this, I +perceive, is not the thing; but, if I understood you right, your meaning +is that he was of opinion that it was allowable so to be. + +HON. Ay, ay, so I mean, and so he believed and acted. + +GREAT. But what grounds had he for his so saying? + +HON. Why, he said he had the Scripture for his warrant. + +[Sidenote: HONEST QUOTES SELF-WILL] + +GREAT. Prithee, Mr. Honest, present us with a few particulars. + +HON. So I will. He said, To have to do with other men's wives had been +practiced by David, God's beloved; and therefore he could do it. He +said, To have more women than one was a thing that Solomon practiced; +and therefore he could do it. He said that Sarah lied, and so did Rahab; +and therefore he could do it. He said that the disciples went at the +bidding of their Master, and took away the owner's ass; and therefore he +could do so too. He said that Jacob got the inheritance of his father in +a way of guile and cheating; and therefore he could do so too. + +GREAT. Highly base, indeed! And you are sure he was of this opinion? + +HON. I have heard him plead for it, bring Scripture for it, bring +argument for it, and so on. + +GREAT. An opinion that is not fit to be with any allowance in the world! + +HON. You must understand me rightly: he did not say that _any_ man might +do this; but that they who had the virtues of those that did such +things, might also do the same. + +GREAT. But what more false than such a conclusion? For this is as much +as to say that, because good men heretofore have sinned through weakness +or forgetfulness, therefore he had an allowance to do it of a purpose; +or if, because a child, by the blast of the wind, or for that it +stumbled at a stone, fell down and defiled itself in the mire, +therefore he might wilfully lie down and wallow like a boar therein. Who +could have thought that any one could so far have been blinded by the +power of sin. But what is written must be true: they "stumble at the +Word, being disobedient; whereunto also they were appointed." His +supposing that such may have the godly man's virtues, who accustom +themselves to their vices, is also a delusion as strong as the other. To +eat up the sin of God's people as a dog licks up filth, is no sign of +one that is possessed with their virtues. Nor can I believe that one who +is of this opinion can have faith or love in him. But I know you have +made strong objections against him: prithee, what can he say for +himself? + +HON. Why, he says, "To do this openly and by way of opinion, seems +abundantly more honest than to do it and yet hold contrary to it in +opinion." + +GREAT. A very wicked answer. For, though to let loose the bridle to +lusts while our opinions are against such things is bad; yet to sin, and +plead a toleration so to do, is worse. The one stumbles beholders +accidentally, the other _pleads_ them into the snare. + +HON. There are many of this man's mind, that have not this man's mouth; +and that makes going on pilgrimage of so little esteem as it is. + +GREAT. You have said the truth, and it is to be lamented; but he that +feareth the King of Paradise shall come out of them all. + +CHR. There are strange opinions in the world. I know one that said it +was time enough to turn from sin when they come to die. + +GREAT. Such are not overwise. That man would have been loth, might he +have had a week to run twenty miles in for his life, to have deferred +that journey to the last hour of that week. + +HON. You say right; and yet the most of them who count themselves +pilgrims do indeed do thus. I am, as you see, an old man, and have been +a traveller in this road many a day, and I have taken notice of many +things. I have seen some that have set out as if they would drive all +the world afore them, who yet have, in a few days, died as they in the +wilderness, and so never got sight of the promised land. I have seen +some that have promised nothing at first, setting out to be pilgrims, +and that one would have thought could not have lived a day, that have +yet proved very good pilgrims. I have seen some that have run hastily +forward, that again have, after a little time, run just as fast back +again. I have seen some who have spoken very well of a pilgrim's life at +first, that, after a while, have spoken as much against it. I have heard +some, when they first set out for Paradise, say positively there is such +a place, who, when they have been almost there, have come back again, +and said there is none. I have heard some boast what they would do in +case they should be opposed, that have, even at a false alarm, fled +faith, the pilgrim's way, and all. + +Now, as they were thus in their way, there came one running to meet +them, and said, "Gentlemen, and you of the weaker sort, if you love +life, shift for yourselves, for the robbers are before you." + +GREAT. "They be the three that set upon Little-Faith heretofore. Well," +said he, "we are ready for them." + +[Sidenote: THE PILGRIMS PROCEED] + +So they went on their way. Now they looked at every turning when they +should have met with the villains; but whether they heard of Mr. +Great-heart, or whether they had some other game, they came not up to +the pilgrims. + + + + +CHAPTER VII. + +ENTERTAINED BY GAIUS. + + +Christiana then wished for an inn for herself and her children, because +they were weary. + +Then said Mr. Honest, "There is one a little before us, where a very +honorable disciple, one Gaius, dwells." So they all concluded to turn in +thither, and the rather because the old gentleman gave him so good a +report. When they came to the door, they went in, not knocking, for +folks use not to knock at the door of an inn. Then they called for the +master of the house, and he came to them; so they asked if they might +lie there that night. + +GAIUS. Yes, gentlemen, if you be true men, for my house is for none but +pilgrims. + +Then were Christiana, Mercy, and the boys the more glad, for that the +Innkeeper was a lover of pilgrims. So they called for rooms, and he +showed them one for Christiana, and her children, and Mercy, and another +for Mr. Great-heart and the old gentleman. + +GREAT. "Good Gaius, what hast thou for supper? for these pilgrims have +come far to-day, and are weary." + +GAIUS. "It is late, so we cannot conveniently go out to seek food; but +such as we have you shall be welcome to, if that will content." + +GREAT. We will be content with what thou hast in the house; forasmuch as +I have proved thee, thou art never without that which is suitable. + +Then he went down and spake to the cook, whose name was +Taste-that-which-is-good, to get ready supper for so many pilgrims. This +done, he came up again, saying, "Come, my good friends, you are welcome +to me, and I am glad that I have a house to entertain you in; and, while +supper is making ready, if you please, let us entertain one another with +some good talking together." + +So they all said, "Content." + +GAIUS. "Whose wife is this aged matron? and whose daughter is this young +damsel?" + +GREAT. The woman is the wife of one Christian, a pilgrim of former +times; and these are his four children. The maid is one of her +acquaintance, one that she hath persuaded to come with her on +pilgrimage. The boys take all after their father, and wish to tread in +his steps; yea, if they do but see any place where the old pilgrim hath +lain, or any print of his foot, it bringeth joy to their hearts, and +they are eager to lie or tread in the same. + +[Sidenote: FAMILY OF THE CHRISTIANS] + +GAIUS. "Is this Christian's wife, and are these Christian's children? I +knew your husband's father; yea, also his father's father. Many have +been good of this stock; their ancestors dwelt first at Antioch. +Christian's ancestors, the early fathers from whom he came (I suppose +you have heard your husband talk of them) were very worthy men. They +have, above any that I know, showed themselves men of great virtue and +courage, for the Lord of pilgrims, His ways, and them that loved Him. I +have heard of many of your husband's relations that have stood all +trials for the sake of the truth. Stephen, who was one of the first of +the family from whence your husband sprang, was knocked on the head with +stones. James, another of this generation, was slain with the edge of +the sword. To say nothing of Paul and Peter, men anciently of the family +from whence your husband came; there was Ignatius, who was cast to the +lions; Romanus, whose flesh was cut by pieces from his bones; and +Polycarp, that played the man in the fire; there was he that was hanged +up in a basket in the sun for the wasps to eat; and he whom they put +into a sack, and cast him into the sea to be drowned. It would be +utterly impossible to count up all of that family who have suffered +injuries and death for the love of a pilgrim's life. Nor can I but be +glad to see that thy husband has left behind him four such boys as +these. I hope they will bear out their father's name, and tread in their +father's steps, and come to their father's end." + +GREAT. Indeed, sir, they are likely lads; they seem to choose heartily +their father's ways. + +GAIUS. That is it that I said; wherefore Christian's family is like +still to spread abroad upon the face of the ground, and yet to be +numerous upon the face of the earth. Wherefore let Christiana look out +some damsels for her sons, to whom they may be married, etc., that the +name of their father and the house of his family may never be forgotten +in the world. + +HON. 'Tis pity this family should fall and die out of the world. + +GAIUS. Fall it cannot, but be diminished it may; but let Christiana take +my advice, and that is the way to uphold it. "And Christiana," said this +Innkeeper, "I am glad to see thee and thy friend Mercy together here, a +lovely couple. And may I advise, take Mercy into a nearer relation to +thee; if she will, let her be given to Matthew, thy eldest son. It is +the way to give you a family in the earth." + +So this match was arranged, and in process of time they were married; +but more of that hereafter. + +Gaius also proceeded, and said, "I will now speak on the behalf of +women, to take away their reproach. For as death and the curse came into +the world by a woman, so also did life and health: 'God sent forth His +Son, born of a woman.' I will say again, that when the Saviour was come, +women rejoiced in Him before either man or angel. I read not that man +ever gave unto Christ so much as one penny; but the women followed Him, +and ministered to Him of their substance. 'Twas a woman that washed His +feet with tears, and a woman that anointed His body to the burial. They +were women that wept when He was going to the cross, and women that +followed Him from the cross; and that sat over against the sepulchre +when He was buried. They were women that were first with Him at His +resurrection-morn, and women that brought tidings first to His disciples +that He was risen from the dead. Women, therefore, are highly favored, +and show by these things that they are sharers with us in the grace of +life." + +[Sidenote: THE SUPPER AT GAIUS'S HOUSE] + +Now the cook sent up to signify that supper was almost ready, and sent +one to lay the cloth, the dishes, and to set the salt and bread in +order. + +Then said Matthew, "The sight of this cloth, and of this forerunner of +the supper, awaketh in me a greater appetite to my food than I had +before." + +GAIUS. So let all teaching truth to thee in this life awaken in thee a +greater desire to sit at the supper of the great King in His kingdom; +for all preaching, books, and services here, are but as the laying of +the dishes, and as setting of salt upon the board, when compared with +the feast which our Lord will make for us when we come to His house. + +So supper came up. And first a heave-shoulder and a wave-breast were set +on the table before them, to show that they must begin their meal with +prayer and praise to God. The heave-shoulder David lifted up his heart +to God with; and with the wave-breast, where his heart lay, he used to +lean upon his harp when he played. These two dishes were very fresh and +good, and they all ate heartily well thereof. + +The next they brought up was a bottle of wine, red as blood. So Gaius +said to them, "Drink freely: this is the true juice of the vine, that +makes glad the heart of God and man." So they drank and were merry. The +next was a dish of milk, well crumbed; but Gaius said, "Let the boys +have that, that they may grow thereby." + +Then they brought up in course of dish of butter and honey. Then said +Gaius, "Eat freely of this, for this is good to cheer up and strengthen +your judgments and understandings. This was our Lord's dish when He was +a child: 'Butter and honey shall He eat, that He may know to refuse the +evil and choose the good.'" + +Then they brought them up a dish of apples, and they were very good +tasted fruit. Then said Matthew, "May we eat apples, since they were +such by and with which the serpent deceived our first mother Eve?" + +Then said Gaius: + + "Apples were they with which we were beguiled; + Yet sin, not apples, hath our souls defiled. + Apples forbid, if ate, corrupt the blood; + To eat such, when commanded, does us good. + Drink of His flagons, then, thou Church, His dove, + And eat His apples who are sick of love." + +Then said Matthew, "I made the objection, because I, a while since, was +sick with eating of fruit." + +GAIUS. Forbidden fruit will make you sick; but not what our Lord has +allowed. + +While they were thus talking, they were presented with another dish, and +it was a dish of nuts. Then said some at the table, "Nuts spoil tender +teeth, specially the teeth of children;" which, when Gaius heared, he +said; + + "Hard texts are nuts (I will not call them cheaters), + Whose shells do keep their kernels from the eaters; + Ope then the shells, and you shall have the meat: + They here are brought for you to crack and eat." + +Then were they very merry, and sat at the table a long time, talking of +many things. Then said the old gentleman, "My good landlord, while we +are cracking your nuts, if you please, do you open this riddle; + + "A man there was, though some did count him mad, + The more he cast away, the more he had." + +Then they all gave good heed, wondering what good Gaius would say: so he +sat still awhile, and then thus replied: + + "He that bestows his goods upon the poor + Shall have as much again, and ten times more." + +Then said Joseph, "I dare say, sir, I did not think you could have found +it out." + +"Oh!" said Gaius, "I have been trained up in this way a great while: +nothing teaches like experience, I have learned of my Lord to be kind, +and have found by experience that I have gained thereby. 'There is that +scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that withholdeth more than +is meet, but it tendeth to poverty.' 'There is that maketh himself rich, +yet hath nothing; there is that maketh himself poor, yet hath great +riches.'" + +[Sidenote: MERCY AND MATTHEW] + +Then Samuel whispered to Christiana, his mother, and said, "Mother, this +is a very good man's house; let us stay here a good while, and let my +brother Matthew be married here to Mercy before we go any farther." The +which Gaius, the host, overhearing, said, "With a very good will, my +child." + +So they stayed there more than a month, and Mercy was given to Matthew +to wife. While they stayed here, Mercy, as her custom was, would be +making coats and garments to give to the poor, by which she brought up a +very good report upon the pilgrims. + +But to return again to our story. After supper, the lads desired a bed, +for that they were weary with travelling. Then Gaius called to show them +their chamber; but said Mercy, "I will have them to bed." So she had +them to bed, and they slept well; but the rest sat up all night, for +Gaius and they were such suitable company, that they could not tell how +to part. + +Then, after much talk of their Lord, themselves, and their journey, old +Mr. Honest, he that put forth the riddle to Gaius, began to nod. + +Then said Great-heart, "What, sir! you begin to be drowsy? Come, rub up. +Now, here's a riddle for you." + +Then said Mr. Honest, "Let us hear it." + +Then said Mr. Great-heart: + + "He that will kill, must first be overcome; + Who live abroad would, first must die at home." + +"Ha!" said Mr. Honest, "it is a hard one; hard to explain, and harder to +do. But come, landlord," said he, "I will, if you please, leave my part +to you: do you expound it, and I will hear what you say." + +"No," said Gaius, "it was put to you, and it is expected you should +answer it." Then said the old gentleman: + + "He first by grace must conquered be, + That sin would mortify; + And who that lives would convince me, + Unto himself must die." + +Thus they sat talking till break of day. Now, when the family were up, +Christiana bade her son James read a chapter; so he read the fifty-third +of Isaiah. + +"Well," said Gaius, "now you are here, and since, as I know Mr. +Great-heart is good at his weapons, if you please, after we have +refreshed ourselves we will walk into the fields, to see if we can do +any good. About a mile from hence there is one Slay-good, a giant, that +doth much annoy the King's highway in these parts; and I know +whereabout his haunt is. He is master of a number of thieves: 'twould be +well if we could clear these parts of him." + +So they consented and went; Mr. Great-heart with his sword, helmet, and +shield, and the rest with spears and staves. + +[Sidenote: SLAY-GOOD DESTROYED] + +When they were come to the place where he was, they found him with one +Feeble-minded in his hands, whom his servants had brought unto him, +having taken him in the way. Now the giant was picking his pockets, with +a purpose after that to pick his bones; for he was of the nature of +flesh-eaters. + +Well, so soon as he saw Mr. Great-heart and his friends at the mouth of +his cave with their weapons, he demanded what they wanted. + +GREAT. We want thee, for we are come to revenge the quarrel of the many +that thou hast slain of the pilgrims, when thou has dragged them out of +the King's highway; wherefore come out of thy cave. + +So he armed himself and came out; and to battle they went, and fought +for above an hour, and then stood still to take wind. + +SLAY. Then said the giant, "Why are you here on my ground?" + +GREAT. To revenge the blood of pilgrims, as I told thee before. + +[Sidenote: FEEBLE-MIND RESCUED] + +So they went to it again, and the giant made Mr. Great-heart give back; +but he came up again, and in the greatness of his mind he let fly with +such stoutness at the giant's head and sides, that he made him let his +weapon fall out of his hand. So he smote him, and slew him, and cut off +his head, and brought it away to the inn. He also took Feeble-mind, the +pilgrim, and brought him with him to his lodgings. When they were come +home, they showed his head to the family, and then set it up as they had +done others before, for a terror to those that should attempt to do as +he hereafter. + +Then they asked Mr. Feeble-mind how he fell into his hands. + +FEEBLE. Then said the poor man, "I am a sickly man, as you see; and +because death did usually once a day knock at my door, I thought I +should never be well at home: so I betook myself to a pilgrim's life, +and have travelled hither from the town of Uncertain, where I and my +father were born. I am a man of no strength at all of body, nor yet of +mind, but would, if I could, though I can but crawl, spend my life in +the pilgrims' way. When I came at the gate that is at the head of the +way, the Lord of that place did entertain me freely; neither objected He +against my weakly looks, nor against my feeble mind, but gave me such +things as were necessary for my journey, and bid me hope to the end. +When I came to the house of the Interpreter, I received much kindness +there; and because the Hill Difficulty was judged too hard for me, I was +carried up that by one of his servants. Indeed, I have found much +relief from pilgrims: though none were willing to go so softly as I am +forced to do, yet still as they came on they bid me be of good cheer, +and said that it was the will of their Lord that comfort should be given +to the feeble-minded, and so went on their own pace. When I was come to +Assault Lane, then this giant met with me, and bid me prepare for an +encounter. But, alas! feeble one that I was, I had more need of a +cordial; so he came up and took me. I believed not that he should kill +me. Also when he got me into his den, since I went not with him +willingly, I believed I should come out alive again; for I have heard +that not any pilgrim that is taken captive by violent hands, if he keeps +heart-whole towards his Master, is, by the laws of Providence, to die by +the hands of the enemy. Robbed I looked to be, and robbed to be sure I +am; but I have, as you see, escaped with life, for the which I thank my +King as author, and you as the means. Other brunts I also look for; but +this I have resolved on--to wit, to run when I can, to go when I cannot +run, and to creep when I cannot go. As to the principal thing, I thank +Him that loves me, I am fixed: my way is before me, my mind is beyond +the river that has no bridge, though I am, as you see, but of a feeble +mind." + +HON. Then said old Mr. Honest, "Have not you some time ago been +acquainted with one Mr. Fearing, a pilgrim?" + +FEEBLE. Acquainted with him! yes; he came from the town of Stupidity, +which lies four degrees northward of the City of Destruction, and as +many off of where I was born; yet we were well acquainted, for indeed he +was my uncle, my father's brother. He and I have been much of a temper: +he was a little shorter than I, but yet we were much of a complexion. + +HON. I perceive you know him, and I am apt to believe also that you are +related one to another; for you have his whitely look, a cast like his +with your eye, and your speech is much alike. + +FEEBLE. Most have said so that have known us both; and besides, what I +have read in him I have for the most part found in myself. + +GAIUS. "Come, sir," said good Gaius, "be of good cheer: you are welcome +to me and to my house. What thou hast a mind to, call for freely; and +what thou wouldst have my servants do for thee, they will do it with a +ready mind." + +Then said Mr. Feeble-mind, "This is an unexpected favor, and as the sun +shining out of a very dark cloud. Did Giant Slay-good intend me this +favor when he stopped me, and resolved to let me go no farther? Did he +intend that, after he had rifled my pockets, I should go to Gaius, mine +host? Yet so it is." + +Now, just as Feeble-mind and Gaius were thus in talk, there came one +running, and called at the door, and said, that "About a mile and a half +off there was one Mr. Not-right, a pilgrim, struck dead upon the place +where he was, with a thunderbolt." + +FEEBLE. "Alas!" said Mr. Feeble-mind, "is he slain? He overtook me some +days before I came so far as hither, and would be my company-keeper. He +also was with me when Slay-good, the giant, took me; but he was nimble +of his heels, and escaped; but it seems he escaped to die, and I was +taken to live. + + "What, one would think, doth seek to slay outright, + Ofttimes delivers from the saddest plight, + That very Providence, whose face is death, + Doth ofttimes to the lowly life bequeath. + I was taken, he did escape and flee; + Hands crossed gives death to him, and life to me." + +[Sidenote: PHOEBE AND JAMES] + +Now, about this time, Matthew and Mercy were married; also Gaius gave +his daughter Phoebe to James, Matthew's brother, to wife; after which +time, they yet stayed about ten days at Gaius's house, spending their +time and the seasons like as pilgrims use to do. + +When they were to depart, Gaius made them a feast, and they did eat and +drink and were merry. Now, the hour was come that they must be gone, +wherefore Mr. Great-heart called for the bill of charges. But Gaius told +him that at his house it was not the custom of pilgrims to pay for their +entertainment. He boarded them by the year, but looked for his pay from +the Good Samaritan, who had promised him, at His return, whatsoever +charge he was at with them, faithfully to repay him. + +Then said Mr. Great-heart to him, + +GREAT. Beloved, thou doest faithfully, whatsoever thou doest to the +brethren and to strangers, which have borne witness of thy liberal +giving before the Church; whom if thou yet bring forward on their +journey after a godly sort, thou shalt do well. + +Then Gaius took his leave of them all, and his children, and +particularly of Mr. Feeble-mind. He also gave him something to drink by +the way. + +Now, Mr. Feeble-mind, when they were going out of the door, made as if +he intended to linger. The which when Mr. Great-heart espied, he said, +"Come, Mr. Feeble-mind, pray do you go along with us: I will be your +conductor, and you shall fare as the rest." + +FEEBLE. Alas! I want a suitable companion. You are all lusty and strong, +but I, as you see, am weak; I choose, therefore, rather to come behind, +lest, by reason of my many weaknesses, I should be both a burden to +myself and to you. I am, as I said, a man of a weak and feeble mind, and +shall be injured and made weak at that which others can bear. I shall +like no laughing; I shall like no gay attire; I shall like no +unprofitable questions. Nay, I am so weak a man as to be harmed with +that which others have a liberty to do. I do not yet know all the truth; +I am a very ignorant Christian man. Sometimes, if I hear any rejoice in +the Lord, it troubles me, because I cannot do so too. It is with me as +it is with a weak man among the strong, or as with a sick man among the +healthy, or as a lamp despised. "He that is ready to slip with his feet +is as a lamp despised in the thought of him that is at ease;" so that I +know not what to do. + +GREAT. "But, brother," said Mr. Great-heart, "I have it in my work to +comfort the feeble-minded and to support the weak. You must needs go +along with us: we will wait for you; we will lend you our help; we will +deny ourselves of some things, for your sake; we will not enter into +doubtful questions before you! we will be made all things to you, rather +than you shall be left behind." + +Now, all this while they were at Gaius's door, and, behold, as they were +thus in the heat of their discourse, Mr. Ready-to-halt came by, with his +crutches in his hands; and he also was going on pilgrimage. + +FEEBLE. Then said Mr. Feeble-mind to him, "How camest thou hither? I was +but now complaining that I had not a suitable companion, but thou art +according to my wish. Welcome, welcome, good Mr. Ready-to-halt; I hope +thou and I may be some help." + +READY. "I shall be glad of thy company," said the other; "and, good Mr. +Feeble-mind, rather than we will part, since we are thus happily met, I +will lend thee one of my crutches." + +FEEBLE. "Nay," said he, "though I thank thee for thy good-will, I am not +inclined to halt before I am lame. Howbeit, I think, when occasion is, +it may help me against a dog." + +READY. If either myself or my crutches can do thee a pleasure, we are +both at thy command, good Mr. Feeble-mind. + +Thus, therefore, they went on. Mr. Great-heart and Mr. Honest went +before, Christiana and her children went next, and Mr. Feeble-mind came +behind, and Mr. Ready-to-halt with his crutches. Then said Mr. Honest, + +HON. Pray, sir, now that we are upon the road, tell us some profitable +things of some that have gone on pilgrimage before us. + +[Sidenote: REVIEWS OTHER PILGRIMAGES] + +GREAT. With a good will. I suppose you have heard how Christian of old +did meet with Apollyon in the Valley of Humiliation, and also what hard +work he had to go through the Valley of the Shadow of Death. Also I +think you cannot but have heard how Faithful was put to it by Madam +Wanton, with Adam the first, with one Discontent, and Shame; four as +deceitful villains as a man can meet with upon the road. + +HON. Yes, I believe I have heard of all this; but, indeed, good Faithful +was hardest put to it with Shame: he was an unwearied one. + +GREAT. Ay; for, as the pilgrim well said, he of all men had the wrong +name. + +HON. But pray, sir, where was it that Christian and Faithful met +Talkative? That same was also a notable one. + +GREAT. He was a confident fool; yet many follow his ways. + +HON. He had liked to have deceived Faithful. + +GREAT. Ay, but Christian put him into a way quickly to find him out. + +Thus they went on till they came to the place where Evangelist met with +Christian and Faithful, and foretold them what should befall them at +Vanity Fair. Then said their guide, "Hereabouts did Christian and +Faithful meet with Evangelist, who foretold them of their troubles which +they should meet with at Vanity Fair." + +HON. Say you so? I dare say it was a hard chapter, then, that he did +read unto them! + +GREAT. It was; but he gave them encouragement withal. But what do we +talk of them? they were a couple of lion-like men: they had set their +faces like flint. Do not you remember how undaunted they were when they +stood before the judge? + +HON. Well. Faithful bravely suffered. + +GREAT. So he did, and as brave things came on't; for Hopeful and some +others, as the story relates it, were converted by his death. + +HON. Well, but pray go on, for you are well acquainted with things. + +GREAT. Above all that Christian met with after he had passed through +Vanity Fair, one By-ends was the arch one. + +HON. By-ends! what was he? + +GREAT. A very arch fellow--a downright deceiver; one that would be +religious, which way soever the world went; but so cunning that he would +be sure never to lose or suffer for it. He had his mode of religion for +every fresh occasion, and his wife was as good at it as he. And he would +turn and change from opinion to opinion; yea, and plead for so doing, +too. But, as far as I could learn, he came to an ill end with his +by-ends; nor did I ever hear that any of his children were ever of any +esteem with any that truly feared God. + +[Sidenote: THEY ARRIVE AT VANITY FAIR] + +Now, by this time they were come within sight of the town of Vanity, +where Vanity Fair is kept. So, when they saw that they were so near the +town, they consulted with one another how they should pass through the +town; and some said one thing, and some another. At last Mr. Great-heart +said, "I have, as you may understand, often been a conductor of pilgrims +through this town. Now, I am acquainted with one Mr. Mnason, a Cyprusian +by nature, an old disciple, at whose house we may lodge. If you think +good," said he, "we will turn in there." + +[Sidenote: MNASON ENTERTAINS PILGRIMS] + +"Content," said old Honest; "Content," said Christiana; "Content," said +Mr. Feeble-mind; and so they said all. Now, you must think it was +eventide by that they got to the outside of the town; but Mr. +Great-heart knew the way to the old man's house. So thither they came, +and he called at the door; and the old man within knew his tongue so +soon as ever he heard it; so he opened the door, and they all came in. +Then said Mnason, their host, "How far have ye come to-day?" + +So they said, "From the house of Gaius, our friend." + +"I promise you," said he, "you have come a good stitch: you may well be +weary. Sit down." So they sat down. + +GREAT. Then said their guide, "Come, what cheer, sirs? I dare say you +are welcome to my friend." + +MNAS. "I also," said Mr. Mnason, "do bid you welcome; and whatever you +want, do but say, and we will do what we can to get it for you." + +HON. Our great want a while since was a resting-place and good company, +and now I hope we have both. + +MNAS. For resting-place, you see what it is; but for good company, that +will appear in the trial. + +GREAT. "Well," said Great-heart, "will you have the pilgrims up into +their lodging?" + +MNAS. "I will," said Mr. Mnason. So he had them up to their several +places, and also showed them a very fair dining-room, where they might +be, and sup together, until time should come to go to rest. + +Now, when they were set in their places, and were a little cheery after +their journey, Mr. Honest asked his landlord if there were any store of +good people in the town. + +MNAS. We have a few; for, indeed, they are but a few when compared with +them on the other side. + +HON. But how shall we do to see some of them? for the sight of good men +to them that are going on pilgrimage is like the appearing of the moon +and stars to them that are sailing upon the seas. + +[Sidenote: FRIENDS CALL ON THE PILGRIMS] + +MNAS. Then Mr. Mnason stamped with his foot, and his daughter Grace came +up. So he said unto her, "Grace, go you, tell my friends, Mr. Contrite, +Mr. Holy-man, Mr. Love-saint, Mr. Dare-not-lie, and Mr. Penitent, that I +have a friend or two at my house who have a mind this evening to see +them." So Grace went to call them, and they came; and, after salutation +made, they sat down together at the table. + +Then said Mr. Mnason, their landlord, "My neighbors, I have, as you see, +a company of strangers come to my house: they are pilgrims; they come +from afar, and are going to Mount Zion. But who," quoth he, "do you +think this is?" pointing with his finger to Christiana. "It is +Christiana, the wife of Christian, that famous pilgrim who, with +Faithful his brother, was so shamefully handled in our town." + +At that they stood amazed, saying, "We little thought to see Christiana +when Grace came to call us; wherefore this is a very comfortable +surprise." They then asked her of her welfare, and if these young men +were her husband's sons. And when she told them they were, they said, +"The King whom you love and serve, make you as your father, and bring +you where he is in peace!" + +HON. Then Mr. Honest (when they had all sat down) asked Mr. Contrite and +the rest, in what posture their town was at present. + +CONTRITE. You may be sure we are full of hurry in fair-time. 'Tis hard +keeping our hearts and spirits in good order when we are in a cumbered +condition. He that lives in such a place as this, and has to do with +such as we have, has need of a hint to caution him to take heed, every +moment of the day. + +HON. But how are your neighbors for quietness? + +CONTR. They are much more moderate now than formerly. You know how +Christian and Faithful were used at our town; but of late, I say, they +have been far more moderate. I think the blood of Faithful lieth as a +load upon them till now; for since they burned him they have been +ashamed to burn any more. In those days we were afraid to walk the +street; but now we can show our heads. Then the name of a Christian was +hated; now, specially in some parts of our town (for you know our town +is large), religion is counted honorable. + +Then said Mr. Contrite to them, "Pray, how fareth it with you in your +pilgrimage? how stands the country towards you?" + +HON. It happens to us as it happeneth to wayfaring men: sometimes our +way is clean, sometimes up-hill, sometimes down-hill: we are seldom at a +certainty. The wind is not always on our back, nor is every one a friend +that we meet with in the way. We have met with some notable rubs +already, and what are yet behind we know not; but, for the most part we +find it true that has been talked of, of old, "A good man must suffer +trouble." + +CONTR. You talk of rubs; what rubs have you met withal? + +HON. Nay, ask Mr. Great-heart, our guide; for he can give the best +account of that. + +GREAT. We have been beset three or four times already. First, Christiana +and her children were beset by two ruffians, who, they feared, would +take away their lives. We were beset by Giant Bloody-man, Giant Maul, +and Giant Slay-good. Indeed, we did rather beset the last, than were +beset of him. And thus it was: After we had been some time at the house +of Gaius mine host, and of the whole Church, we were minded upon a time +to take our weapons with us, and go and see if we could light upon any +of those that were enemies to pilgrims; for we heard that there was a +notable one thereabouts. Now Gaius knew his haunt better than I, because +he dwelt thereabout. So we looked, and looked, till at last we saw the +mouth of his cave; then we were glad and plucked up our spirits. So we +approached up to his den; and, lo! when we came there, he had dragged, +by mere force, into his net, this poor man, Mr. Feeble-mind, and was +about to bring him to his end. But, when he saw us, supposing, as he +thought, he had had another prey, he left the poor man in his house, and +came out. So we fell to it full sore, and he lustily laid about him; +but, in conclusion, he was brought down to the ground, and his head cut +off, and set up by the wayside, for terror to such as should after +practice such ungodliness. That I tell you the truth, here is the man +himself to affirm it, who was as a lamb taken out of the mouth of the +lion. + +FEEBLE. Then said Mr. Feeble-mind, "I found this true, to my cost and +comfort: to my cost, when he threatened to pick my bones every moment; +and to my comfort, when I saw Mr. Great-heart and his friends with their +weapons approach so near for my deliverance." + +HOLY. Then said Mr. Holy-man, "There are two things that they have need +to possess who go on pilgrimage--courage and an unspotted life. If they +have not courage, they can never hold on their way; and if their lives +be loose, they will make the very name of the pilgrim stink." + +LOVE. Then said Mr. Love-saint, "I hope this caution is not needful +among you. But truly there are many that go upon the road, who rather +declare themselves strangers to pilgrimage than strangers and pilgrims +in the earth." + +DARE. Then said Mr. Dare-not-lie, "'Tis true. They have neither the +pilgrim's weed nor the pilgrim's courage: they go not uprightly, but all +awry with their feet; one shoe goeth inward, another outward, and their +hosen out behind; there is here a rag, and there a rent, to the +disparagement of their Lord." + +PEN. "These things," said Mr. Penitent, "they ought to be troubled for; +nor are the pilgrims like to have that grace upon them and their +pilgrim's progress as they desire, until the way is cleared of such +spots and blemishes." + +Thus they sat talking and spending the time until supper was set upon +the table, unto which they went, and refreshed their weary bodies; so +they went to rest. + +[Sidenote: GRACE AND SAMUEL] + +Now, they stayed in this fair a great while, at the house of Mnason, +who, in process of time, gave his daughter Grace unto Samuel, +Christiana's son, to wife; and his daughter Martha to Joseph. + +The time, as I said, that they stayed here was long; for it was not now +as in former times. Wherefore the pilgrims grew acquainted with many of +the good people of the town, and did them what service they could. +Mercy, as she was wont, labored much for the poor; wherefore their +bodies and backs blessed her, and she was there an ornament to her +profession. And to say the truth for Grace, Phoebe, and Martha, they +were all of a very good nature, and did much good in their places. They +were also all of them very fruitful; so that Christian's name, as was +said before, was like to live in the world. + +While they lay here, there came a monster out of the woods, and slew +many of the people of the town. It would also carry away their children, +and teach them to suck its whelps. Now, no man in the town durst so much +as face this monster, but all fled when they heard the noise of his +coming. + +The monster was like unto no one beast on the earth. Its body was like a +dragon, and it had seven heads and ten horns. It made great havoc of +children, and yet it was governed by a woman. This monster gave +conditions to men, and such men as loved their lives more than their +souls accepted of those conditions; so they came under. + +Now, this Mr. Great-heart, together with those that came to visit the +pilgrims at Mr. Mnason's house, entered into a covenant to go and engage +this beast, if perhaps they might deliver the people of this town from +the paws and mouth of this so devouring a serpent. + +Then did Mr. Great-heart, Mr. Contrite, Mr. Holy-man, Mr. Dare-not-lie, +and Mr. Penitent, with their weapons, go forth to meet him. Now, the +monster was at first very rampant, and looked upon these enemies with +great disdain; but they so belabored him, being sturdy men-at-arms, that +they made him make a retreat. So they came home to Mr. Mnason's house +again. + +[Sidenote: MARTHA AND JOSEPH] + +The monster, you must know, had his certain seasons to come out in, and +to make his attempts upon the children of the people of the town. Also, +these seasons did these valiant worthies watch him in, and did still +continually assault him; insomuch that in process of time he became not +only wounded, but lame. Also he has not made that havoc of the +townsmen's children as formerly he had done; and it is verily believed +by some that this beast will die of his wounds. + +This, therefore, made Mr. Great-heart and his fellows of great fame in +this town; so that many of the people that wanted their taste of things, +yet had a reverent esteem and respect for them. Upon this account, +therefore, it was that these pilgrims got not much hurt here. True, +there were some of the baser sort, that could see no more than a mole, +nor understand any more than a beast; these had no reverence for these +men, and took no notice of their valor or adventures. + +Well, the time grew on that the pilgrims must go on their way; wherefore +they prepared for their journey. They sent for their friends; they +talked with them; they had some time set apart, therein to commit each +other to the protection of their Prince. There were again that brought +them of such things as they had, that were fit for the weak and the +strong, for the women and the men, and so laded them with such things as +were necessary. Then they set forward on their way; and, their friends +accompanying them so far as was convenient, they again committed each +other to the protection of their King, and parted. + +They, therefore, that were of the pilgrims' company, went on, and Mr. +Great-heart went before them. Now, the women and children being weakly, +they were forced to go as they could bear; by which means, Mr. +Ready-to-halt and Mr. Feeble-mind had more to sympathize with their +condition. + +When they were gone from the townsmen, and when their friends had bid +them farewell, they quickly came to the place where Faithful was put to +death. There, therefore, they made a stand, and thanked Him that had +enabled him to bear his cross so well; and the rather, because they now +found that they had a benefit by such manly suffering as his was. + +They went on, therefore, after this a good way farther, talking of +Christian and Faithful, and how Helpful joined himself to Christian +after that Faithful was dead. + +Now they were come up with the Hill Lucre, where the silver mine was +which took Demas off from his pilgrimage, and into which, as some think, +By-ends fell and perished; wherefore they considered that. But, when +they were come to the old monument that stood over against the Hill +Lucre, to wit, the pillar of salt, that stood also within view of Sodom +and its stinking lake, they marvelled, as did Christian before, that men +of that knowledge and ripeness of wit as they were, should be so blind +as to turn aside here. + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +THE DELECTABLE MOUNTAINS AND THE SHEPHERDS. + + +I saw now that they went on till they came at the river that was on this +side of the Delectable Mountains; to the river where the fine trees grow +on both sides, and whose leaves, if taken inwardly, are good against +sickness; where the meadows are green all the year long, and where they +might lie down safely. + +By this river-side, in the meadow, there were cotes and folds for sheep, +a house built for the nourishing and bringing up of those lambs, the +babes of those women that go on pilgrimage. Also there was here One that +was entrusted with them, who could have pity, and that could gather +these lambs with His arm, and carry them in His bosom, and that could +gently lead those that were with young. + +Now, to the care of this Man Christiana admonished her four daughters to +commit their little ones, that by these waters they might be housed, +cared for, helped and nourished, and that none of them might be lacking +in time to come. This Man, if any of them go astray or be lost, He will +bring them again; He will also bind up that which was broken, and will +strengthen them that are sick. Here they will never want food and drink +and clothing; here they will be kept from thieves and robbers; for this +Man will die before one of those committed to His trust shall be lost. +Besides, here they shall be sure to have good nurture and training, and +shall be taught to walk in right paths; and that, you know, is a favor +of no small account. Also here, as you see, are delicate waters, +pleasant meadows, dainty flowers, variety of trees, and such as bear +wholesome fruit--fruit not like that that Matthew ate of, that fell over +the wall out of Beelzebub's garden; but fruit that giveth health where +there is none, and that continueth and increaseth it where it is. So +they were content to commit their little ones to Him; and that which was +also an encouragement to them so to do, was, for that all this was to be +at the charge of the King, and so was as an hospital for young children +and orphans. + +[Sidenote: DOUBTING CASTLE] + +Now they went on. And, when they were come to By-path Meadow, to the +stile over which Christian went with his fellow Hopeful, when they were +taken by Giant Despair and put into Doubting Castle, they sat down, and +consulted what was best to be done; to wit, now they were so strong, and +had got such a man as Mr. Great-heart for their conductor, whether they +had not best make an attempt upon the giant, demolish his castle, and if +there were any pilgrims in it, to set them at liberty, before they went +any farther. So one said one thing, and another said the contrary. One +questioned if it were lawful to go upon ground that was not the King's; +another said they might providing their end was good; but Mr. +Great-heart said, "Though that reason given last cannot be always true, +yet I have a commandment to resist sin, to overcome evil, to fight the +good fight of faith; and, I pray, with whom should I fight this good +fight, if not with Giant Despair? I will therefore attempt the taking +away of his life and the demolishing of Doubting Castle." Then said he, +"Who will go with me?" Then said old Honest, "I will." "And so will we, +too," said Christiana's four sons, Matthew, Samuel, Joseph, and James; +for they were young men and strong. So they left the women in the road, +and with them Mr. Feeble-mind and Mr. Ready-to-halt, with his crutches, +to be their guard until they came back; for, in that place, though Giant +Despair dwelt so near, they keeping in the road, "a little child might +lead them." + +So Mr. Great-heart, old Honest, and the four young men went to go up to +Doubting Castle, to look for Giant Despair. When they came at the castle +gate, they knocked for entrance with an unusual noise. At that, the old +giant comes to the gate, and Diffidence his wife follows. Then said he, +"Who and what is he that is so hardy as after this manner to disturb the +Giant Despair?" + +Mr. Great-heart replied, "It is I, Great-heart, one of the King of the +Celestial Country's conductors of pilgrims to their place; and I demand +of thee that thou open thy gates for my entrance; prepare thyself also +to fight, for I am come to take away thy head, and to demolish Doubting +Castle." + +[Sidenote: GIANT DESPAIR IS BEHEADED] + +Now, Giant Despair, because he was a giant, thought no man could +overcome him; and again thought he, "Since heretofore I have made a +conquest of angels, shall Great-heart make me afraid?" So he harnessed +himself with his armor, and went out. He had a cap of steel upon his +head, a breast-plate of fire girded to him, and he came out in iron +shoes, with a great club in his hand. Then these six men made up to him, +and beset him behind and before; also when Diffidence, the giantess, +came up to help him, old Mr. Honest cut her down at one blow. Then they +fought for their lives, and Giant Despair was brought down to the +ground, but was very loath to die. He struggled hard, and had, as they +say, as many lives as a cat; but Great-heart was his death, for he left +him not till he had severed his head from his shoulders. + +Then they fell to demolishing Doubting Castle, and that, you know, might +with ease be done, since Giant Despair was dead. They were seven days in +destroying of that; and in it of pilgrims, they found one Mr. +Despondency, almost starved to death, and one Much-afraid, his daughter: +these two they saved alive. But it would have made you wonder to have +seen the dead bodies that lay here and there in the castle-yard, and how +full of dead men's bones the dungeon was. + +When Mr. Great-heart and his companions had performed this great work +they took Mr. Despondency and his daughter Much-afraid into their care; +for they were honest people, though they were prisoners in Doubting +Castle to that tyrant Giant Despair. + +They therefore, I say, took with them the head of the giant (for his +body they had buried under a heap of stones), and down to the road and +to their companions they came, and showed them what they had done. Now, +when Feeble-mind and Ready-to-halt saw that it was the head of Giant +Despair indeed, they were very jocund and merry. Now, Christiana, if +need was, could play upon the viol, and her daughter Mercy upon the +lute; so, since they were so merry disposed, she played them a lesson, +and Ready-to-halt would dance. So he took Despondency's daughter +Much-afraid by the hand, and to dancing they went in the road. True, he +could not dance without one crutch in his hand; but I promise you he +footed it well; also the girl was to be commended, for she answered the +music handsomely. + +As for Mr. Despondency, the music was not so much to him; he was for +feeding rather than dancing, for that he was almost starved. So +Christiana gave him some of her bottle of spirits for present relief, +and then prepared him something to eat; and in a little time the old +gentleman came to himself, and began to be finely revived. + +Now, I saw in my dream, when all these things were finished, Mr. +Great-heart took the head of Giant Despair, and set it upon a pole by +the highway-side, right over against the pillar that Christian erected +for a caution to pilgrims that came after to take heed of entering into +his grounds. Then he writ under it, upon a marble stone, these verses +following: + + "This is the head of him whose name only + In former times did pilgrims terrify; + His castle's down, and Diffidence his wife + Brave Mr. Great-heart has bereft of life. + Despondency, his daughter Much-afraid, + Great-heart for them also the man has played. + Who hereof doubts, if he'll but cast his eye + Up hither, may his scruples satisfy. + This head also, when doubting cripples dance, + Doth show from fears they have deliverance." + +[Sidenote: THE DELECTABLE MOUNTAINS] + +When these men had thus bravely showed themselves against Doubting +Castle, and had slain Giant Despair, they went forward, and went on till +they came to the Delectable Mountains, where Christian and Hopeful +refreshed themselves with the varieties of the place. They also +acquainted themselves with the shepherds there, who welcomed them, as +they had done Christian before, unto the Delectable Mountains. + +Now, the shepherds seeing so great a train follow Mr. Great-heart (for +with him they were well acquainted), they said unto him, "Good sir, you +have got a goodly company here; pray, where did you find all these?" + +Then Mr. Great-heart replied: + + "First, here is Christiana and her train, + Her sons, and her sons' wives, who, like the wain, + Keep by the pole, and do by compass steer + From sin to grace; else they had not been here. + Next, here's old Honest come on pilgrimage, + Ready-to-halt too, who I dare engage + True-hearted is, and so is Feeble-mind, + Who willing was not to be left behind. + Despondency, good man, is coming after + And so also is Much-afraid his daughter. + May we have entertainment here, or must + We farther go? Let's know whereon to trust." + +[Sidenote: THE SHEPHERDS ENTERTAIN] + +Then said the shepherds, "This is a comfortable company. You are welcome +to us, for we have care for the feeble, as well as for the strong. Our +Prince has an eye to what is done, to the least of these; therefore +weakness must not be a block to our entertainment." So they had them to +the palace door, and then said unto them, "Come in, Mr. Feeble-mind; +come in, Mr. Ready-to-halt; come in, Mr. Despondency and Mrs. +Much-afraid, his daughter. These, Mr. Great-heart," said the shepherds +to the guide, "we call in by name, for that they are most subject to +draw back; but as for you and the rest that are strong, we leave you to +your wonted liberty." + +Then said Mr. Great-heart, "This day I see that grace doth shine in your +faces, and that you are my Lord's shepherds indeed; for that you have +not pushed these helpless ones neither with side nor shoulder, but have +rather strewed their way into the palace with flowers, as you should." + +So the feeble and weak went in, and Mr. Great-heart and the rest did +follow. When they were also sat down, the shepherds said to those of the +weaker sort, "What is it that you would have? for," said they, "all +things must be managed here for the supporting of the weak, as well as +the warning of the unruly." So they made them a feast of things easy of +digestion, and that were pleasant to the palate, and nourishing; the +which when they had received, they went to their rest, each one +separately unto his proper place. + +When morning was come, because the mountains were nigh and the day +clear, and because it was the custom of the shepherds to show the +pilgrims before their departure some rarities; therefore, after they +were ready and had refreshed themselves, the shepherds took them out +into the fields, and showed them first what they had showed to Christian +before. + +Then they had them to some new places. The first was to Mount Marvel, +where they looked, and beheld a man at a distance that tumbled the hills +about with words. Then they asked the shepherds what that should mean. +So they told them that that man was the son of Mr. Great-grace of whom +you read in the first part of the records of the Pilgrim's Progress; and +he is set down there to teach the pilgrims how to believe, or to tumble +out of their ways what difficulties they should meet with, by faith. +Then said Mr. Great-heart, "I know him; he is a man above many." + +Then they had them to another place, called Mount Innocent; and there +they saw a man clothed all in white, and two men, Prejudice and +Ill-will, continually casting dirt upon them. Now, behold, the dirt, +whatsoever they cast at him, would in a little time fall off again, and +his garment would look as clear as if no dirt had been cast thereat. +Then said the pilgrims, "What means this?" + +The shepherds answered, "This man is named Godly-man, and this garment +is to show the innocency of his life. Now, those that throw dirt at him +are such as hate his well-doing; but, as you see, the dirt will not +stick upon his clothes: so it shall be with him that liveth truly +innocently in the world. Whoever they be that would make such men dirty, +they labor all in vain; for God, by that a little time is spent, will +cause that their innocence shall break forth as the light, and their +righteousness as the noon-day." + +Then they took them, and had them to Mount Charity, where they showed +them a man that had a bundle of cloth lying before him, out of which he +cut coats and garments for the poor that stood about him; yet his bundle +or roll of cloth was never the less. + +Then said they, "What should this be?" + +"This is," said the shepherds, "to show you that he who has a heart to +give of his labor to the poor, shall never want wherewithal. He that +watereth shall be watered himself. And the cake that the widow gave to +the prophet did not cause that she had ever the less in her barrel." + +They had them also to a place where they saw one Fool, and one Want-wit, +washing of an Ethiopian, with intention to make him white; but the more +they washed him the blacker he was. Then they asked the shepherds what +that should mean. So they told them, saying, "Thus shall it be with the +vile person: all means used to get such an one a good name, shall, in +the end tend but to make him more abominable. Thus it was with the +Pharisees, and so shall it be with all pretenders to religion." + +Then said Mercy, the wife of Matthew, to Christiana her mother, "Mother, +I would, if it might be, see the hole in the hill, or that commonly +called the By-way to Hell." So her mother brake her mind to the +shepherds. Then they went to the door: it was in the side of a hill; and +they opened it, and bid Mercy hearken awhile. So she hearkened, and +heard one saying, "Cursed be my father for holding of my feet back from +the way of peace and life." And another said, "Oh that I had been torn +in pieces before I had, to save my life, lost my soul!" And another +said, "If I were to live again, how would I deny myself rather than come +to this place!" Then there was as if the very earth groaned and quaked +under the feet of this young woman for fear; so she looked white, and +came trembling away, saying, "Blessed be he and she that are delivered +from this place." + +[Sidenote: THE GREAT GLASS] + +Now, when the shepherds had shown them all these things, then they had +them back to the palace, and entertained them with what the house would +afford. But Mercy longed for something that she saw there, but was +ashamed to ask. Her mother-in-law then asked her what she ailed, for she +looked as one not well. Then said Mercy, "There is a looking-glass hangs +up in the dining-room, off of which I cannot take my mind; if, +therefore, I have it not, I think I shall be unhappy." Then said her +mother, "I will mention thy wants to the shepherds, and they will not +deny it thee." But she said, "I am ashamed that these men should know +that I longed." "Nay, my daughter," said she, "it is no shame, but a +virtue, to long for such a thing as that." So Mercy said, "Then, mother, +if you please, ask the shepherds if they are willing to sell it." + +Now, the glass was one of a thousand. It would present a man, one way, +with his own features exactly; and, turn it but another way, and it +would show one the very face and likeness of the Prince of pilgrims +Himself. Yea, I have talked with them that can tell, and they have said +that they have seen the very crown of thorns upon His head, by looking +in that glass; they have therein also seen the holes in His hands, in +His feet, and in His side. Yea, such an excellency is there in this +glass, that it will show Him to one where they have a mind to see Him, +whether living or dead, whether in earth or in heaven, whether in a +state of lowliness or in His kingliness, whether coming to suffer or +coming to reign. + +Christiana, therefore went to the shepherds apart--(now, the names of +the shepherds were Knowledge, Experience, Watchful, and Sincere),--and +said unto them, "There is one of my daughters, that I think doth long +for something that she hath seen in this house, and she thinks that she +shall be unhappy if she should by you be denied." + +EXPERIENCE. Call her, call her; she shall assuredly have what we can +help her to. So they called her, and said to her, "Mercy, what is that +thing thou wouldst have?" Then she blushed, and said, "The great glass +that hangs up in the dining-room." So Sincere ran and fetched it; and +with a joyful consent it was given her. Then she bowed her head, and +gave thanks, and said, "By this I know that I have obtained favor in +your eyes." + +They also gave to the other young women such things as they desired, and +to their husbands great praise for that they joined with Great-heart to +the slaying of Giant Despair and the destroying of Doubting Castle. + +About Christiana's neck the shepherds put a necklace, and so they did +about the necks of her four daughters; also they put ear-rings in their +ears, and jewels on their foreheads. + +[Illustration: Turn-away Resisting Evangelist. + Page 357] + +[Sidenote: THEY LEAVE THE SHEPHERDS] + +When they were minded to go hence, they let them go in peace, but gave +not to them those certain cautions which before were given to Christian +and his companion. The reason was, for that these had Great-heart to be +their guide, who was one that was well acquainted with things, and so +could give them their cautions more seasonably; that is, even then when +the danger was nigh the approaching. What cautions Christian and his +companion had received of the shepherds, they had also lost by that the +time was come that they had need to put them in practice. Wherefore, +here was the advantage that this company had over the other. + +From hence they went on singing, and they said: + + "Behold, how fitly are the stages set, + For their relief that pilgrims are become, + And how they us receive without one let[11] + That make the other life our mark and home! + + "What novelties they have, to us they give, + That we, though pilgrims, joyful lives may live; + They do upon us, too, such things bestow, + That show we pilgrims are, where'er we go." + + [11] The word "let" here means "hindrance." + +When they were gone from the shepherds, they quickly came to the place +where Christian met with one Turn-away, that dwelt in the town of +Apostasy. Wherefore of him Mr. Great-heart, their guide, did now put +them in mind, saying, "This is the place where Christian met with one +Turn-away, who carried with him the character of his rebellion at his +back. And this I have to say concerning this man: he would hearken to no +counsel, but, once falling, persuasion could not stop him. When he came +to the place where the Cross and the sepulchre were, he did meet with +one that bid him look there; but he gnashed with his teeth, and stamped, +and said he was resolved to go back to his own town. Before he came to +the gate, he met with Evangelist, who offered to lay hands on him, to +turn him into the way again. But this Turn-away resisted him; and having +done much harm unto him, he got away over the wall, and so escaped his +hand." + +[Sidenote: MEET VALIANT FOR TRUTH] + +Then they went on; and just at the place where Little-Faith formerly was +robbed, there stood a man with his sword drawn, and his face all bloody. +Then said Mr. Great-heart, "Who art thou?" The man made answer, saying, +"I am one whose name is Valiant-for-truth. I am a pilgrim, and am going +to the Celestial City. Now, as I was in my way, there were three men did +beset me, and propounded unto me these three things: 1. Whether I would +become one of them? 2. Or go back to the place from whence I came? 3. Or +die upon the place? To the first I answered, I had been a true man a +long season, and therefore it could not be expected that I should now +cast in my lot with thieves. Then they demanded what I should say to the +second. So I told them that the place from whence I came, had I not +found it unsatisfactory I had not forsaken at all; but, finding it +altogether unsuitable to me, and very unprofitable for me, I forsook it +for this way. Then they asked me what I said to the third. And I told +them my life cost more dear far than that I should lightly give it away. +Besides you have nothing to do thus to put things to my choice, +wherefore at your peril be it if you meddle. Then these three, to wit, +Wild-head, Inconsiderate, and Pragmatic, drew their weapons upon me, and +I also drew upon them. So we fell to it, one against three, for the +space of above three hours. They have left upon me, as you see, some of +the marks of their valor, and have also carried away with them some of +mine. They are but just now gone: I suppose they might, as the saying +is, hear your horse dash, and so they betook them to flight." + +GREAT. But here was great odds, three against one. + +[Sidenote: HOW VALIANT BORE HIMSELF] + +VALIANT. 'Tis true; but little or more are nothing to him that has the +truth on his side. "Though an host should encamp against me," said one, +"my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in this +will I be confident. Besides," said he, "I have read in some records +that one man has fought an army; and how many did Samson slay with the +jaw-bone of an ass?" + +GREAT. Then said the guide, "Why did you not cry out, that some might +have come in for your succor?" + +VALIANT. So I did, to my King, who, I knew, could hear me, and afford +invisible help; and that was sufficient for me. + +GREAT. Then said Great-heart to Mr. Valiant-for-truth, "Thou hast +worthily behaved thyself. Let me see thy sword." So he showed it him. +When he had taken it in his hand, and looked thereon a while, he said, +"Ha! it is a right Jerusalem blade." + +VALIANT. It is so. Let a man have one of these blades, with a hand to +wield it and skill to use it, and he may venture upon an angel with it. +He need not fear its holding, if he can but tell how to lay on. Its +edges will never blunt. It will cut flesh and bones, and soul and +spirit, and all. + +GREAT. But you fought a great while. I wonder you were not weary. + +VALIANT. I fought till my sword did cleave to my hand; and when they +were joined together, as if a sword grew out of my arm, and when the +blood ran through my fingers, then I fought with most courage. + +GREAT. Thou hast done well; thou hast resisted unto blood, striving +against sin. Thou shalt abide by us, come in and go out with us, for we +are thy companions. + +Then they took him, washed his wounds, and gave him of what they had, to +refresh him; and so they went on together. + +Now, as they went on, because Mr. Great-heart was delighted in him (for +he loved one greatly that he found to be a man of his own sort), and +because there were in company them that were feeble and weak, therefore +he questioned with him about many things; as, first, what countryman he +was. + +VALIANT. I am of Dark-land; for there I was born, and there my father +and mother are still. + +GREAT. "Dark-land!" said the guide; "doth not that lie upon the same +coast with the City of Destruction?" + +VALIANT. Yes, it doth. Now, that which caused me to come on pilgrimage +was this. We had one Mr. Tell-true come into our parts, and he told it +about what Christian had done, that went from the City of Destruction; +namely, how he had forsaken his wife and children, and had betaken +himself to a pilgrim's life. It was also reported, and believed, how he +had killed a serpent that did come out to resist him in his journey; and +how he got through to whither he intended. It was also told what welcome +he had at all his Lord's lodgings, specially when he came to the gates +of the Celestial City; "For there," said the man, "he was received with +sound of trumpet by a company of Shining Ones." He told also how all the +bells in the City did ring for joy at his entering in, and what golden +garments he was clothed with; with many other things that now I shall +forbear to relate. In a word, that man so told the story of Christian +and his travels, that my heart fell into a burning haste to be gone +after him; nor could father or mother stay me. So I got from them, and +am come thus far on my way. + +GREAT. You came in at the gate, did you not? + +VALIANT. Yes, yes; for the same man also told us, that all would be +nothing if we did not begin to enter this way at the gate. + +GREAT. "Look you," said the guide to Christiana, "the pilgrimage of your +husband, with what he has gotten thereby, is spread abroad far and +near." + +VALIANT. Why, is this Christian's wife? + +GREAT. Yes, that it is, and these also are his four sons. + +VALIANT. What! and going on pilgrimage too? + +GREAT. Yes, verily, they are following after. + +VALIANT. It glads me at heart. Good man, how joyful will he be when he +shall see them that would not go with him, yet to enter after him in at +the gates into the City! + +GREAT. Without doubt it will be a comfort to him; for, next to the joy +of seeing himself there, it will be a joy to meet there his wife and +children. + +VALIANT. But, now you are upon that, pray let me hear your opinion about +it. Some make a question whether we shall know one another when we are +there. + +[Sidenote: VALIANT'S OBSTACLES] + +GREAT. Do they think they shall know themselves, then? or that they +shall rejoice to see themselves in that happiness? And if they think +they shall know and do this, why not know others, and rejoice in their +welfare also? Again, since relations are our second self, though that +state will cease there, yet why may it not be wisely concluded that we +shall be more glad to see them there than to see they are wanting? + +VALIANT. Well, I perceive whereabouts you are as to this. Have you any +more things to ask me about my beginning to come on pilgrimage? + +GREAT. Yes. Were your father and mother willing that you should become a +pilgrim? + +VALIANT. Oh, no; they used all means imaginable to persuade me to stay +at home. + +GREAT. Why, what could they say against it? + +VALIANT. They said it was an idle life; and, if I myself were not +inclined to sloth and laziness, I would never favor a pilgrim's +condition. + +GREAT. And what did they say else? + +VALIANT. Why, they told me that it was a dangerous way: "Yea, the most +dangerous way in the world," said they, "is that which the pilgrims go." + +GREAT. Did they show you wherein this way is so dangerous? + +VALIANT. Yes; and that in many particulars. + +GREAT. Name some of them. + +[Sidenote: VALIANT'S DISCOURAGEMENTS] + +VALIANT. They told me of the Slough of Despond, where Christian was +well-nigh smothered. They told me that there were archers standing ready +in Beelzebub's castle to shoot them who should knock at the wicket-gate +for entrance. They told me also of the wood and dark mountains of the +Hill Difficulty; of the lions; and also of the three giants, Bloody-man, +Maul, and Slay-good. They said moreover that there was a foul fiend +haunted the Valley of Humiliation, and that Christian was by him almost +bereft of life. "Besides," said they, "you must go over the Valley of +the Shadow of Death, where the hobgoblins are, where the light is +darkness, where the way is full of snares, pits, traps, and gins." They +told me also of Giant Despair, of Doubting Castle, and of the ruin that +the pilgrims met with there. Further, they said I must go over the +Enchanted Ground, which was dangerous; and that, after all this, I +should find a river, over which I should find no bridge, and that that +river did lie betwixt me and the Celestial Country. + +GREAT. And was this all? + +VALIANT. No. They also told me that this way was full of deceivers, and +of persons that laid wait there to turn good men out of the path. + +GREAT. But how did they make that out? + +VALIANT. They told me that Mr. Worldly Wiseman did there lie in wait to +deceive. They also said that there were Formality and Hypocrisy +continually on the road. They said also that By-ends, Talkative, or +Demas would go near to gather me up; that the Flatterer would catch me +in his net; or that, with green-headed Ignorance, I would presume to go +on to the gate, from whence he was sent back to the hole that was in the +side of the hill, and made to go the by-way to hell. + +GREAT. I promise you, this was enough to discourage you; but did they +make an end here? + +VALIANT. No stay. They told me also of many that had tried that way of +old, and that had gone a great way therein, to see if they could find +something of the glory there that so many had so much talked of from +time to time; and how they came back again, and befooled themselves for +setting a foot out of doors in that path, to the satisfaction of all the +country. And they named several that did so, as Obstinate and Pliable, +Mistrust and Timorous, Turn-away and old Atheist; with several more, +who, they said, had some of them gone far to see what they could find, +but not one of them found so much advantage by going as amounted to the +weight of a feather. + +GREAT. Said they anything more to discourage you? + +VALIANT. Yes; they told me of one Mr. Fearing, who was a pilgrim, and +how he found this way so solitary, that he never had a comfortable hour +therein; also that Mr. Despondency had like to have been starved +therein; yea, and also (which I had almost forgot) that Christian +himself, about whom there had been such a noise, after all his ventures +for a celestial crown, was certainly drowned in the Black River, and +never went a foot farther, however it was smothered up. + +GREAT. And did none of these things discourage you? + +VALIANT. No; they seemed but as so many nothings to me. + +GREAT. How came that about? + +VALIANT. Why, I still believed what Mr. Tell-true had said; and that +carried me beyond them all. + +GREAT. Then this was your victory, even your faith. + +VALIANT. It was so. I believed, and therefore came out, got into the +way, fought all that set themselves against me, and, by believing, am +come to this place. + + "Who would true valor see, + Let him come hither; + One here will constant be, + Come wind, come weather; + There's no discouragement + Shall make him once relent + His first avowed intent + To be a pilgrim. + + "Whoso beset him round + With dismal stories, + Do but themselves confound-- + His strength the more is. + No lion can him fright; + He'll with a giant fight, + But he will have a right + To be a pilgrim. + + "Hobgoblin nor foul fiend + Can daunt his spirit; + He knows he at the end + Shall life inherit. + Then, fancies fly away, + He'll fear not what men say; + He'll labor night and day + To be a pilgrim." + + + + +CHAPTER IX. + +THE ENCHANTED GROUND. + + +By this time they were got to the Enchanted Ground, where the air +naturally tended to make one drowsy. And that place was all grown over +with briers and thorns, excepting here and there, where was an enchanted +arbor, upon which if a man sits, or in which if a man sleeps, it is a +question, say some, whether ever he shall rise or wake again in this +world. Over this forest, therefore, they went, both one and another; and +Mr. Great-heart went before, for that he was the guide, and Mr. +Valiant-for-truth came behind, being rear-guard, for fear lest +peradventure some fiend, or dragon, or giant, or thief, should fall upon +their rear, and so do mischief. They went on here, each man with his +sword drawn in his hand, for they knew it was a dangerous place. Also +they cheered up one another as well as they could. Feeble-mind, Mr. +Great-heart commanded, should come up after him; and Mr. Despondency was +under the eye of Mr. Valiant. + +Now, they had not gone far, but a great mist and darkness fell upon them +all, so that they could scarce, for a great while, see the one the +other; wherefore they were forced, for some time, to feel for one +another by words; for they walked not by sight. But any one must think +that here was but sorry going for the best of them all; but how much +worse for the women and children, who both of feet and heart were but +tender! Yet so it was, that through the encouraging words of him that +led in the front, they made a pretty good shift to wag along. + +The way also was here very wearisome through dirt and slabbiness. Nor +was there on all this ground so much as one inn or victualling-house, +therein to refresh the feebler sort. Here, therefore, was grunting, and +puffing and sighing. While one tumbleth over a brush, another sticks +fast in the dirt; and the children, some of them, lost their shoes in +the mire. While one cries out, "I am down!" and another, "Ho! where are +you?" and a third, "The bushes have got such fast hold on me, I think I +cannot get away from them." + +Then they came at an arbor, warm, and promising much refreshing to the +pilgrims; for it was finely wrought above head, beautified with greens, +furnished with benches and settles. It also had in it a soft couch, +whereon the weary might lean. This, you must think, all things +considered, was tempting; for the pilgrims already began to be foiled +with the badness of the way; but there was not one of them that made so +much as a motion to stop there. Yea, for aught I could perceive, they +continually gave so good heed to the advice of their guide, and he did +so faithfully tell them of dangers, and of the nature of dangers when +they were at them, that usually, when they were nearest to them, they +did most pluck up their spirits, and hearten one another to deny the +flesh. This arbor was called "The Slothful's Friend," on purpose to +allure, if it might be, some of the pilgrims there to take up their rest +when weary. + +I saw then in my dream, that they went on in this their solitary ground, +till they came to a place at which a man is apt to lose his way. Now, +though when it was light their guide could well enough tell how to miss +those ways that led wrong, yet, in the dark, he was put to a stand. But +he had in his pocket a map of all ways leading to or from the Celestial +City; wherefore he struck a light (for he also never goes without his +tinder-box), and takes a view of his book or map, which bids him be +careful in that place to turn to the right-hand way. And had he not here +been careful to look in his map, they had, in all probability been +smothered in the mud; for, just a little before them, and that at the +end of the cleanest way too, was a pit, none knows how deep, full of +nothing but mud, there made on purpose to destroy the pilgrims in. + +Then thought I with myself, "Who that goeth on pilgrimage but would have +one of those maps about him, that he may look, when he is at a stand, +which is the way he must take?" + +They went on then in this Enchanted Ground till they came to where was +another arbor, and it was built by the highway-side. And in that arbor +there lay two men, whose names were Heedless and Too-bold. These two +went thus far on pilgrimage; but here, being wearied with their journey, +they sat down to rest themselves, and so fell fast asleep. When the +pilgrims saw them, they stood still, and shook their heads; for they +knew that the sleepers were in a pitiful case. Then they consulted what +to do,--whether to go on, and leave them in their sleep, or to step to +them, and try to awake them. So they concluded to go to them and wake +them; that is, if they could; but with this caution, namely, to take +heed that themselves did not sit down nor embrace the offered benefit of +that arbor. + +So they went in and spake to the men, and called each one by his name +(for the guide, it seems, did know them); but there was no voice or +answer. Then the guide did shake them, and do what he could to disturb +them. Then said one of them, "I will pay you when I take my money." At +which the guide shook his head. "I will fight so long as I can hold my +sword in my hand," said the other. At that, one of the children laughed. + +[Sidenote: THE LAND OF BEULAH] + +Then said Christiana, "What is the meaning of this?" The guide said, +"They talk in their sleep. If you strike them, beat them, or whatever +else you do to them, they will answer you after this fashion; or, as one +of them said in old time, when the waves of the sea did beat upon him, +and he slept as one upon the mast of a ship, 'When shall I awake? I will +seek it yet again.' You know, when men talk in their sleep, they say +anything, but their words are not governed either by faith or reason. +There is an unsuitableness in their words now, as there was before +betwixt their going on pilgrimage and sitting down there. This, then, is +the mischief of it: when heedless ones go on pilgrimage, 'tis twenty to +one but they are served thus. For this Enchanted Ground is one of the +last refuges that the enemy to pilgrims has; wherefore, it is, as you +see, placed almost at the end of the way, and so it standeth against us +with the more advantage. For when, thinks the enemy, will these fools be +so desirous to sit down as when they are weary? and when so like to be +weary as when almost at their journey's end? Therefore it is, I say, +that the Enchanted Ground is placed so near to the Land of Beulah, and +so near the end of their race. Wherefore, let pilgrims look to +themselves, lest it happen to them as it has done to these, that, as you +see, are fallen asleep, and none can wake them." + +Then the pilgrims desired, with trembling, to go forward; only they +prayed their guide to strike a light, that they might go the rest of +their way by the help of the light of a lantern. So he struck a light, +and they went by the help of that through the rest of this way, though +the darkness was very great. But the children began to be sorely weary; +and they cried out to Him that loveth pilgrims to make their way more +comfortable. So, by that they had gone a little farther, a wind arose +that drove away the fog; so the air became more clear. Yet they were +not off, by much, of the Enchanted Ground; only now they could see one +another better, and the way wherein they should walk. + +Now, when they were almost at the end of this ground, they perceived +that a little before them was a solemn noise, as of one that was much +concerned. So they went on, and looked before them; and behold, they +saw, as they thought, a man upon his knees, with hands and eyes lift up, +and speaking, as they thought, earnestly to One that was above. They +drew nigh, but could not tell what he said; so they went softly till he +had done. When he had done, he got up, and began to run towards the +Celestial City. + +Then Mr. Great-heart called after him, saying, "So-ho, friend! let us +have your company, if you go, as I suppose you do, to the Celestial +City." + +So the man stopped, and they came up to him. But, as soon as Mr. Honest +saw him, he said, "I know this man." + +Then said Mr. Valiant-for-truth, "Prithee, who is it?" + +"It is one," said he, "that comes from whereabout I dwelt. His name is +Stand-fast; he is certainly a right good pilgrim." + +So they came up one to another. And presently Stand-fast said to old +Honest, "Ho, father Honest, are you there?" + +"Ay," said he, "that I am, as sure as you are there." + +[Sidenote: HEEDLESS AND TOO-BOLD] + +"Right glad am I," said Mr. Stand-fast, "that I have found you on this +road." + +"And as glad am I," said the other, "that I espied you upon your knees." + +Then Mr. Stand-fast blushed, and said, "But why? did you see me?" + +"Yes, that I did," quoth the other, "and with my heart was glad at the +sight." + +"Why, what did you think?" said Stand-fast. + +"Think!" said old Honest; "what should I think? I thought we had an +honest man upon the road, and therefore should have his company +by-and-by." + +"If you thought not amiss," said Stand-fast, "how happy am I! But, if I +be not as I should, I alone must bear it." + +"That is true," said the other; "but your fear doth further show me that +things are right betwixt the Prince of pilgrims and your soul; for He +saith, 'Blessed is the man that feareth always.'" + +VALIANT. Well, but, brother, I pray thee, tell us what was it that was +the cause of thy being upon thy knees even now: was it for that some +special mercy laid upon thee, the need of prayer, or how? + +STAND. Why, we are, as you see, upon the Enchanted Ground; and as I was +coming along, I was musing with myself of what a dangerous road the road +in this place was, and how many that had come even thus far on +pilgrimage, had here been stopped and been destroyed. I thought also of +the manner of the death with which this place destroyeth men. Those that +die here die of no violent, painful disease: the death which such die is +not grievous to them. For he that goeth away in such a sleep, begins +that journey with desire and pleasure. Yea, such sink into the will of +that disease. + +HON. Then Mr. Honest, interrupting of him, said, "Did you see the two +men asleep in the arbor?" + +[Sidenote: STAND-FAST REPULSES MADAM] + +STAND. Ay, ay, I saw Heedless and Too-bold there; and, for aught I know, +there they will lie till they rot. But let me go on in my tale. As I was +thus musing, as I said, there was one in very pleasant attire, but old, +who presented herself to me, and offered me three things; to wit, her +body, her purse, and her bed. Now, the truth is, I was both aweary and +sleepy; I am also as poor as an owlet, and that, perhaps, the witch +knew. Well, I repulsed her once or twice; but she put by my repulses, +and smiled. Then I began to be angry; but she mattered that nothing at +all. Then she made offers again, and said, if I would be ruled by her, +she would make me great and happy. "For," said she, "I am the mistress +of the world, and men are made happy by me." Then I asked her name, and +she told me it was Madam Bubble. This set me farther from her; but she +still followed me with enticements. Then I betook me, as you saw, to my +knees; and, with hands lift up, and cries, I prayed to Him that had said +He would help. So, just as you came up, the gentlewoman went her way. +Then I continued to give thanks for this my great deliverance; for I +verily believe she intended no good, but rather sought to make stop of +me in my journey. + +HON. Without doubt her designs were bad. But stay: now you talk of her, +methinks I either have seen her, or have read some story of her. + +STAND. Perhaps you have done both. + +HON. Madam Bubble? Is she not a tall, comely dame, somewhat of a swarthy +complexion? + +STAND. Right, you hit it: she is just such a one. + +HON. Does she not speak very smoothly, and give you a smile at the end +of a sentence? + +STAND. You fall right upon it again, for these are her very actions. + +HON. Doth she not wear a great purse by her side, and is not her hand +often in it, fingering her money, as if that was her heart's delight? + +STAND. 'Tis just so. Had she stood by all this while, you could not more +amply have set her forth before me, nor have better described her +features. + +HON. Then he that drew her picture was a good artist, and he that wrote +of her said true. + +[Sidenote: MADAM BUBBLE'S INFLUENCE] + +GREAT. This woman is a witch, and it is by virtue of her witchcraft that +this ground is enchanted. Whoever doth lay his head down in her lap, had +as good lay it down upon that block over which the axe doth hang; and +whoever lay their eyes upon her beauty, are accounted the enemies of +God. This is she that maintaineth in their splendor all those that are +the enemies of pilgrims. Yea, this is she that hath bought off many a +man from a pilgrim's life. She is a great gossiper: she is always, both +she and her daughters, at one pilgrim's heels or other; now commanding, +and then preferring the excellences of this life. She is a bold and +impudent creature; she will talk with any man. She always laugheth poor +pilgrims to scorn, but highly commends the rich. If there be one cunning +to get money in a place, she will speak well of him from house to house. +She loveth banqueting and feasting mainly well; she is always at one +full table or another. She has given it out in some places that she is a +goddess, and therefore some do worship her. She has her times and open +places of cheating; and she will say and avow it, that none can show a +good comparable to hers. She promiseth to dwell with children's +children, if they will but love her and make much of her. She will cast +out of her purse gold like dust, in some places and to some persons. She +loves to be sought after, spoken well of, and to lie in the bosoms of +men. She is never weary of praising her gifts and she loves them most +that think best of her. She will promise, to some, crowns and kingdoms, +if they will but take her advice; yet many hath she brought to the +halter, and ten thousand times more to hell. + +STAND. "Oh," said Mr. Stand-fast, "what a mercy it is that I did resist +her! for whither might she have drawn me?" + +GREAT. Whither! nay, none but God knows whither; but in general, to be +sure, she would have drawn thee into many foolish and hurtful lusts, +which drown men in destruction and ruin. 'Twas she that set Absalom +against his father, and Jeroboam against his master. 'Twas she that +persuaded Judas to sell his Lord, and that prevailed with Demas to +forsake the godly pilgrim's life. None can tell of the mischief that she +doth. She makes variance betwixt rulers and subjects, betwixt parents +and children, betwixt neighbor and neighbor, betwixt a man and his wife, +betwixt a man and himself, betwixt the flesh and the heart. Wherefore, +good Master Stand-fast, be as your name is, and when you have done all, +stand. + +At this course there was among the pilgrims a mixture of joy and +trembling; but at length they brake out, and sang: + + "What danger is the pilgrim in! + How many are his foes! + How many ways there are to sin + No living mortal knows. + + "Some of the ditch shy are, yet can + Lie tumbling in the mire; + Some, though they shun the frying-pan, + Do leap into the fire." + + + + +CHAPTER X. + +THE PILGRIMS AT HOME. + + +After this, I beheld until they were come unto the Land of Beulah, where +the sun shineth night and day. Here, because they were weary, they +betook themselves awhile to rest. And because this country was common +for pilgrims, and because the orchards and vineyards that were here +belong to the King of the Celestial Country, therefore they were +permitted to make bold with any of His things. But a little while soon +refreshed them here; for the bells did so ring, and the trumpets +continually sound so melodiously, that they could not sleep and yet they +received as much refreshing as if they had slept their sleep never so +soundly. Here also the noise of them that walked in the streets was, +"More pilgrims are come to town!" And another would answer, saying, "And +so many went over the water, and were let in at the golden gates, +to-day!" They would cry again, "There is now a legion of Shining Ones +just come to town, by which we know that there are more pilgrims upon +the road; for here they come to wait for them, and comfort them after +all their sorrow!" Then the pilgrims got up, and walked to and fro. But +how were their ears now filled with heavenly voices, and their eyes +delighted with celestial visions! In this land they heard nothing, saw +nothing, felt nothing, smelt nothing, tasted nothing, that was offensive +to their stomach or mind; only when they tasted of the water of the +river over which they were to go, they thought that it tasted a little +bitterish to the palate, but it proved sweeter when it was down. + +In this place there was a record kept of the names of them that had been +pilgrims of old, and a history of all the famous acts that they had +done. It was here also much spoken of, how the river to some had had its +flowings, and what ebbings it had had while others have gone over. It +has been in a manner dry for some, while it has overflowed its banks for +others. + +In this place, the children of the town would go into the King's +gardens, and gather nosegays for the pilgrims, and bring them to them +with much affection. Here also grew camphire, with spikenard, and +saffron, calamus, and cinnamon, with all the trees of frankincense, +myrrh, and aloes, with all chief spices. With these the pilgrims' +chambers were perfumed while they stayed here; and with these were their +bodies anointed, to prepare them to go over the river, when the time +appointed was come. + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIANA RECEIVES MESSAGE] + +Now, while they lay here, and waited for the good hour, there was a +noise in the town that there was a messenger come from the Celestial +City with matter of great importance to one Christiana, the wife of +Christian the pilgrim. So inquiry was made for her, and the house was +found out where she was. So the messenger presented her with a letter; +the contents whereof were, "Hail, good woman! I bring thee tidings that +the Master calleth for thee, and expecteth that thou shouldest stand in +His presence, in clothes of everlasting life, within these ten days." + +When he had read this letter to her, he gave her therewith a sure token +that he was a true messenger, and was come to bid her make haste to be +gone. The token was an arrow, with a point sharpened with love, let +easily into her heart, which by degrees wrought so effectually with her, +that at the time appointed she must be gone. + +When Christiana saw that her time was come, and that she was the first +of this company that was to go over, she called for Mr. Great-heart, her +guide, and told him how matters were. So he told her he was heartily +glad of the news, and could have been glad had the post come for him. +Then she bid that he should give advice how all things should be +prepared for her journey. So he told her, saying, "Thus and thus it must +be; and we that are left will accompany you to the river-side." + +Then she called for her children, and gave them her blessing, and told +them that she yet read with comfort the mark that was set in their +foreheads, and was glad to see them with her there, and that they had +kept their garments so white. Lastly, she gave to the poor that little +she had, and commanded her sons and her daughters to be ready against +the messenger should come for them. + +When she had spoken these words to her guide and to her children, she +called for Mr. Valiant-for-truth, and said unto him, "Sir, you have in +all places shown yourself true-hearted. Be faithful unto death, and my +King will give you a crown of life. I would also entreat you to have an +eye to my children; and if at any time you see them faint, speak +comfortably to them. For my daughters, my sons' wives, they have been +faithful; and a fulfilling of the promise upon them will be their end." +But she gave Mr. Stand-fast a ring. + +Then she called for old Mr. Honest, and said of him, "Behold an +Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile." + +Then said he, "I wish you a fair day when you set out for Mount Zion, +and shall be glad to see that you go over the river dry shod." + +But she answered, "Come wet, come dry, I long to be gone; for, however +the weather is in my journey, I shall have time enough when I come there +to sit down and rest me and dry me." + +Then came in that good man, Mr. Ready-to-halt, to see her. So she said +to him, "Thy travel hitherto has been with difficulty; but that will +make thy rest the sweeter. But watch and be ready; for, at an hour when +you think not, the messenger may come." + +After him came in Mr. Despondency and his daughter Much-afraid; to whom +she said, "You ought with thankfulness for ever to remember your +deliverance from the hands of Giant Despair and out of Doubting Castle. +The effect of that mercy is that you are brought with safety hither. Be +ye watchful, and cast away fear; be sober, and hope to the end." + +Then she said to Mr. Feeble-mind, "Thou wast delivered from the mouth of +Giant Slay-good, that thou mightest live in the light of the living for +ever, and see thy King with comfort. Only I advise thee to turn thee of +thy aptness to fear and doubt of His goodness, before He sends for thee; +lest thou shouldest, when He comes, be forced to stand before Him for +that fault with blushing." + +[Sidenote: CHRISTIANA CROSSES THE RIVER] + +Now, the day drew on that Christiana must be gone. So the road was full +of people to see her take her journey. But, behold, all the banks beyond +the river were full of horses and chariots, which were come down from +above to accompany her to the City gate. So she came forth and entered +the river, with a beckon of farewell to those that followed her to the +river-side. The last words that she was heard to say were, "I come, +Lord, to be with Thee, and bless Thee!" + +So her children and friends returned to their place, for that those that +waited for Christiana had carried her out of their sight. So she went +and called, and entered in at the gate with all the tokens of joy that +her husband Christian had done before her. At her departure her +children wept. But Mr. Great-heart and Mr. Valiant played upon the +well-tuned cymbal and harp for joy. So all departed to their respective +places. + +[Sidenote: PILGRIMS RECEIVE MESSAGES] + +In process of time, there came a messenger to the town again, and his +business was with Mr. Ready-to-halt. So he inquired him out, and said to +him, "I am come to thee from Him whom thou hast loved and followed, +though upon crutches; and my message is to tell thee, that He expects +thee at His table, to sup with Him in His kingdom, the next day after +Easter; wherefore prepare thyself for this journey." Then he also gave +him a token that he was a true messenger, saying, "I have broken thy +golden bowl and loosed thy silver cord." + +After this Mr. Ready-to-halt called for his fellow-pilgrims, and told +them, saying, "I am sent for, and God shall surely visit you also." So +he desired Mr. Valiant to make his will. And because he had nothing to +bequeath to them that should survive him but his crutches and his good +wishes, therefore thus he said: "These crutches I bequeath to my son +that shall tread in my steps, with a hundred warm wishes that he may +prove better than I have done." Then he thanked Mr. Great-heart for his +conduct and kindness, and so addressed himself to his journey. When he +came to the brink of the river, he said, "Now I shall have no more need +of these crutches, since yonder are chariots and horses for me to ride +on." The last words he was heard to say were, "Welcome life!" So he +went his way. + +After this, Mr. Feeble-mind had tidings brought him, that the messenger +sounded his horn at his chamber-door. Then he came in, and told him, +saying, "I am come to tell thee that thy Master has need of thee, and +that in a very little time thou must behold His face in brightness. And +take this as a token of the truth of my message: 'Those that look out at +the windows shall be darkened.'" Then Mr. Feeble-mind called for his +friends, and told them what errand had been brought unto him, and what +token he had received of the truth of the message. Then he said, "Since +I have nothing to bequeath to any, to what purpose should I make a will? +As for my feeble mind, that I will leave behind me, for that I shall +have no need of in the place whither I go, nor is it worth bestowing +upon the poorest pilgrim: wherefore, when I am gone, I desire that you, +Mr. Valiant, would bury it in a dunghill." This done, and the day being +come on which he was to depart, he entered the river as the rest. His +last words were, "Hold out, faith and patience!" So he went over to the +other side. + +When days had many of them passed away, Mr. Despondency was sent for; +for a messenger was come, and brought this message to him: "Trembling +man, these are to summon thee to be ready with thy King by the next +Lord's day, to shout for joy for thy deliverance from all thy +doubtings. And," said the messenger, "that my message is true, take +this for a proof." So he gave him the grasshopper to be a burden unto +him. + +Now, Mr. Despondency's daughter, whose name was Much-afraid, said when +she heard what was done, that she would go with her father. Then Mr. +Despondency said to his friends, "Myself and my daughter, you know what +we have been, and how troublesomely we have behaved ourselves in every +company. My will and my daughter's is, that our discouraged feelings and +slavish fears be by no man received, from the day of our departure for +ever; for I know that after my death they will offer themselves to +others. For, to be plain with you, they are ghosts the which we +entertained when we first began to be pilgrims, and could never shake +them off after; and they will walk about and seek entertainment of the +pilgrims; but, for our sakes, shut ye the doors upon them." When the +time was come for them to depart, they went to the brink of the river. +The last words of Mr. Despondency were, "Farewell, night! welcome, day!" +His daughter went through the river singing, but none could understand +what she said. + +Then it came to pass a while after, that there was a messenger in the +town that inquired for Mr. Honest. So he came to his house where he was, +and delivered to his hand these lines: "Thou art commanded to be ready +against this day seven-night, to present thyself before thy Lord at His +Father's house. And for a token that my message is true, 'All thy +daughters of music shall be brought low.'" Then Mr. Honest called for +his friends, and said unto them, "I die, but shall make no will. As for +my honesty, it shall go with me: let them that come after me be told +this." When the day that he was to be gone was come, he prepared himself +to go over the river. Now, the river at that time overflowed its banks +in some places; but Mr. Honest in his lifetime had spoken to one +Good-conscience to meet him there; the which also he did, and lent him +his hand, and so helped him over. The last words of Mr. Honest were, +"Grace reigns!" So he left the world. + +[Sidenote: THE FINAL SUMMONS] + +After this, it was noised abroad that Mr. Valiant-for-truth was taken +with a summons by the same messenger as the other, and had this for a +token that the summons was true, that his pitcher was broken at the +fountain. When he understood it, he called for his friends, and told +them of it. Then said he, "I am going to my Father's; and though with +great difficulty I am got hither, yet now I do not repent me of all the +trouble I have been at to arrive where I am. My sword I give to him that +shall succeed me in my pilgrimage, and my courage and skill to him that +can get it. My marks and scars I carry with me, to be a witness for me +that I have fought His battles who now will be my rewarder." When the +day that he must go hence was come, many accompanied him to the +river-side, into which as he went he said, "Death, where is thy sting?" +And, as he went down deeper, he said, "Grave, where is thy victory?" So +he passed over, and all the trumpets sounded for him on the other side. + +Then there came forth a summons for Mr. Stand-fast (this Mr. Stand-fast +was he whom the pilgrims found upon his knees in the Enchanted Ground), +for the messenger brought it him open in his hands; the contents thereof +were, that he must prepare for a change of life, for his Master was not +willing that he should be so far from Him any longer. At this Mr. +Stand-fast was put into a muse. + +"Nay," said the messenger, "you need not doubt the truth of my message, +for here is a token of the truth thereof: 'Thy wheel is broken at the +cistern.'" + +Then he called to him Mr. Great-heart, who was their guide, and said +unto him, "Sir, although it was not my hap to be much in your good +company in the days of my pilgrimage, yet, since the time I knew you, +you have been profitable to me. When I came from home, I left behind me +a wife and five small children: let me entreat you at your return (for I +know that you will go and return to your master's house, in hopes that +you may yet be a conductor to more of the holy pilgrims), that you send +to my family, and let them be acquainted with all that hath or shall +happen unto me. Tell them moreover of my happy arrival to this place, +and of the present and late blessed condition that I am in. Tell them +also of Christian and Christiana his wife, and how she and her children +came after her husband. Tell them also what a happy end she made, and +whither she is gone. I have little or nothing to send to my family, +unless it be my prayers and tears for them; of which it will suffice +that you acquaint them, if peradventure they may prevail." + +[Sidenote: END OF THE PILGRIMAGE] + +When Mr. Stand-fast had thus set things in order, and the time being +come for him to haste him away, he also went down to the river. Now, +there was a great calm at that time in the river; wherefore Mr. +Stand-fast, when he was about half-way in, stood a while, and talked to +his companions that had waited upon him thither. And he said, "This +river has been a terror to many; yea, the thoughts of it have also +frighted me; but now methinks I stand easy; my foot is fixed upon that +on which the feet of the priests that bare the ark of the covenant stood +while Israel went over Jordan. The waters, indeed, are to the palate +bitter, and to the stomach cold; yet the thought of what I am going to, +and of the conduct that waits for me on the other side, doth lie as a +glowing coal at my heart. I see myself now at the end of my journey; my +toilsome days are ended. I am going to see that head which was crowned +with thorns, and that face which was spit upon for me. I have formerly +lived by hearsay and faith; but now I go where I shall live by sight, +and shall be with Him in whose company I delight myself. I have loved to +hear my Lord spoken of; and wherever I have seen the print of His shoe +in the earth, there I have coveted to set my foot too. His name has been +to me as a perfume box; yea, sweeter than all sweet smells. His voice to +me has been most sweet, and His countenance I have more desired than +they that have most desired the light of the sun. His Word I did use to +gather for my food, and for medicine against my faintings. He has held +me, and hath kept me from my sins; yea, my steps hath He strengthened in +His way." + +Now, while he was thus speaking, his countenance changed, his strong man +bowed under him; and, after he had said, "Take me, for I come unto +Thee!" he ceased to be seen of them. + +But glorious it was to see how the open region was filled with horses +and chariots, with trumpeters and pipers, with singers and players on +stringed instruments to welcome the pilgrims as they went up, and +followed one another in at the beautiful gate of the City. + +As for Christian's children, the four boys that Christiana brought with +her, with their wives and children, I did not stay where I was till they +were gone over. Also, since I came away, I heard one say that they were +yet alive, and so would be for the help of the Church in that place +where they were for a time. + +Shall it be my lot to go that way again, I may give those that desire it +an account of what I here am silent about: meantime I bid my reader + + ADIEU. + + + + +THE LITTLE PILGRIM. + +THE STORY OF A LITTLE GIRL WHO TRIED TO GO ON PILGRIMAGE. + + + In a large old house, with two kind aunts, + The little Marian dwelt; + And a happy child she was, I ween, + For though at times she felt + That playmates would be better far + Than either birds or flowers, + Yet her kind old aunts, and story books, + Soothed many lonely hours. + + Her favorite haunt, in the summer-time, + Was a large old apple-tree; + And oft amid the boughs she sat, + With her pet book on her knee. + The "Pilgrim's Progress" was its name, + And Marian loved it much; + It is, indeed, a glorious book, + There are not many such! + + She read it in her little bed, + Beside the winter fire, + And in summer-time, in the apple-tree, + As though she would never tire. + + But, unexplained, 'tis just the book + To puzzle the young brain; + And the poor child had no kind friend, + Its meaning to explain. + + For though her aunts were very kind, + They were not overwise, + And only said, "Don't read so, child, + I'm sure you'll spoil your eyes." + + But Marian still went reading on, + And visions strange and wild + Began to fill the little head + Of the lonely, dreaming child; + For she thought that Christian and his wife, + And all their children too, + Had left behind their pleasant home, + And done what she must do. + + "I'll take my Bible," said the child, + "And seek the road to heaven; + I'll try to find the Wicket Gate, + And hope to be forgiven. + I wish my aunts would go with me, + But 'tis in vain to ask; + They are so deaf and rather lame, + They'd think it quite a task. + + "No! I must go alone, I see, + So I'll not let them know; + Or, like poor Christian's friends, they'll say, + 'My dear, you must not go.' + + "But I must wait till some grand scheme + Can all their thoughts engage; + And then I'll leave my pleasant home, + And go on pilgrimage." + + She had not waited long, before, + One fine autumnal day, + She saw the large old coach arrive, + To take her aunts away. + "We're going out to spend the day," + The two old ladies said; + "We mean to visit Mrs. Blair-- + Poor soul!--she's ill in bed. + + "But, Marian, you must stay at home, + For the lady's ill, you see; + You can have your dinner, if you like, + In the large old apple-tree, + And play in the garden all the day, + Quite happy and content." + A few more parting words were said, + And off the ladies went. + + The servants, too, were all engaged; + "The day is come at last," + Said Marian, "but oh, I wish, + My pilgrimage was past." + She knelt beside the apple-tree, + And for God's assistance prayed; + Then, with her basket in her hand, + Forth tripped the little maid. + + Behind the house where Marian dwelt, + Far off in the distance, lay + A high steep hill, which the sun at morn + Tinged with its earliest ray. + "Difficulty" was its rightful name, + The child had often thought; + Towards this hill she turned her steps, + With hopeful visions fraught. + + The flowers seemed to welcome her, + 'Twas a lovely autumn morn, + The little lark sang merrily, + Above the waving corn. + "Ah, little lark, you sing," said she, + "On your early pilgrimage; + I, too, will sing, for pleasant thoughts + Should now my mind engage." + + In clear, sweet strains she sang a hymn, + And tripped lightly on her way; + Until a pool of soft, thick mud + Across her pathway lay. + "This is the Slough of Despond," she cried, + But she bravely ventured through; + And safely reached the other side, + But she lost one little shoe. + + On an old gray stone she sat her down, + To eat some fruit and bread; + Then took her little Bible out, + And a cheering psalm she read. + + Then with fresh hope she journeyed on, + For many miles away; + And she reached the bottom of the hill, + Before the close of day. + + She clambered up the steep ascent, + Though faint and weary, too; + But firmly did our Marian keep + Her purpose still in view. + + "I'm glad, at least, the arbor's past," + Said the little tired soul; + "I'm sure I should have sat me down + And lost my little roll!" + On the high hill-top she stands at last, + And our weary Pilgrim sees + A porter's lodge, of ample size, + Half hid by sheltering trees. + + She clapped her hands with joy, and cried, + "Oh, there's the Wicket Gate, + And I must seek admittance there, + Before it is too late." + Gently she knocks--'tis answered soon, + And at the open door + Stands a tall, stout man--poor Marian felt + As she ne'er had felt before. + + With tearful eyes, and trembling hand, + Flushed cheek, and anxious brow, + She said, "I hope you're Watchful, Sir, + I want Discretion now." + + "Oh yes, I'm watchful," said the man, + "As a porter ought to be; + I s'pose you've lost your way, young Miss, + You've lost your shoe, I see. + + "Missus," he cried to his wife within, + "Here's a child here, at the door, + You'll never see such a one again, + If you live to be fourscore. + She wants discretion, so she says, + Indeed I think 'tis true; + But I know some who want it more, + Who will not own they do." + + "Go to the Hall," his wife replies, + "And take the child with you, + The ladies there are all so wise, + They'll soon know what to do." + The man complied, and led the child + Through many a flowery glade; + "Is that the Palace Beautiful?" + The little Pilgrim said. + + "There, to the left, among the trees? + Why, Miss, 'tis mighty grand; + Call it a palace, if you please, + 'Tis the finest in the land. + Now we be come to the fine old porch, + And this is the Marble Hall; + Here, little lady, you must stay, + While I the servants call." + + Tired and sad he left the child, + But he quickly re-appeared, + And with him the lady of the house-- + Poor Marian's heart was cheered. + "Sweet little girl," the lady said, + In accents soft and kind, + "I'm sure you sadly want some rest, + And rest you soon shall find." + + To a room where three young ladies sat, + The child was quickly led; + "Piety, Prudence, and Charity," + To herself she softly said. + "What is your name, my little dear?" + Said the eldest of the three, + Whom Marian, in her secret thought, + Had christened Piety. + + "We'll send a servant to your friends, + How uneasy they must be!" + Admiringly she watched the child, + Who, indeed, was fair to see; + Around her bright and lovely face + Fell waves of auburn hair, + As modestly she told her name, + With whom she lived and where. + + "How did you lose your way, my love?" + She gently raised her head; + "I do not think I've lost my way," + The little Pilgrim said. + + "This is the Palace Beautiful, + May I stay here to-night?" + They smiled and said, "We're glad our house + Finds favor in your sight:-- + + "Yes, gladly will we keep you here, + For many nights to come." + "Thank you," said Marian, "but I soon + Must seek my heavenly home. + The Valley of the Shadow of Death + Is near this house, I know"-- + She stopped, for she saw, with great surprise, + Their tears began to flow. + + She little thought the mourning dress, + Which all the ladies wore, + Was for one whom they had dearly loved, + And should see on earth no more. + Their brother had been called away, + Their brightest and their best; + No wonder, then, that Marian's words + Roused grief in every breast. + + Sobs only for awhile were heard; + At length the ladies said, + "My, love, you have reminded us + Of our loved and early dead; + But this you could not know, my dear, + And it indeed is true; + We are all near to Death's dark door, + Even little girls like you." + + "Yes," said the timid, trembling child, + "I know it must be so; + But, ma'am, I hope that Piety + May be with me when I go. + And will you show me your armory, + When you have time to spare? + I hope you have some small enough + For a little girl to wear." + + No more she said, for Piety, + As Marian called her, cast + Her arms around the Pilgrim's neck, + The secret's out at last. + "You puzzled all," said Piety; + "But now, I see, you've read + A glorious book, which, unexplained, + Has turned your little head. + + "Oh, dearly, when I was a child, + I loved that Pilgrim Tale; + But then mamma explained it well-- + And if we can prevail + On your kind aunts to let you stay + Some time with us, my dear, + You shall read that book with my mamma, + And she will make it clear." + + Now we'll return to Marian's home, + And see what's passing there. + The servants all had company, + And a merry group they were. + + They had not missed our Pilgrim long, + For they knew she oft would play + In that old garden, with a book, + The whole of the livelong day. + + "Betty," at last, said the housekeeper, + "Where can Miss Marian be? + Her dinner was in the basket packed, + But sure, she'll come in to tea!" + They sought her here, they sought her there, + But they could not find the child; + And her poor old aunts, when they came home, + With grief were almost wild. + + The coachman and the footman too, + In different ways were sent; + But none thought of the narrow way + In which the Pilgrim went. + "Perhaps she followed us to town," + Poor Aunt Rebecca said, + "I wish we had not left our home; + I fear the child is dead." + + And to the town the coachman went, + For they knew not what to do; + And night drew on, when a country boy + Brought Marian's little shoe. + With the shoe in her hand, the housekeeper + Into the parlor ran, + "Oh, Mistress, here is all that's left + Of poor Miss Marian. + + "It was found sticking in the mud, + Just above Harlem Chase; + I fear the poor child's perished there, + For 'tis a frightful place." + Then louder grew the ladies' grief; + But soon their hearts were cheered, + When a footman grand, with a note in his hand, + From the distant Hall appeared. + + Aunt Ruth now read the note, and cried, + "Oh, sister, all is well! + The child is safe at Brookland Hall, + With Lady Arundel, + Who wants to keep her for a month; + Why, yes; I think she may-- + Such friends as Lady Arundel + Are not met with every day. + + "Our compliments, and thanks to her, + When you return, young man; + We'll call to-morrow at the Hall, + And see Miss Marian." + Then came a burst of grateful joy, + That could not be suppressed, + And, with thankful hearts and many tears, + The ladies went to rest. + + We'll take a peep at our Marian now, + There in her bed lies she; + How blissful were her dreams that night, + In the arms of Piety. + + Oh, that happy month at Brookland Hall, + How soon it passed away! + Cheerful and good were Marian's friends, + And who so kind as they? + + And, more than all, while there she stayed + They did their best to bring + The little lamb to that blest fold + Where reigns the Shepherd King. + For many a lesson ne'er forgot, + The little Marian learned; + And a thoughtful and a happier child + She to her home returned. + + Years rolled away, the scene has changed, + A wife and mother now, + Marian has found the Wicket Gate, + She and her children too. + And oh! how sweet it is to see + This little Pilgrim band, + As on towards their heavenly home, + They travel hand in hand. + When cloudy days fall to their lot, + They see a light afar, + The light that shone on Bethlehem's plain, + The Pilgrim's guiding star. + + And now, dear children, whosoe'er, + Or whereso'er you be, + Who ponder o'er this strange, true tale + Of Marian's history,-- + + If to the Flowers of your young hearts, + Instructions dews are given, + Oh! be earnest as our Marian was, + To find the road to Heaven. + + + * * * * * + + +Transriber's note: + +Minor typographical errors, punctuation and inconsistencies have been +silently normalized. Archaic spelling has been retained. + +Page 365: 'Tell-truth' has been changed to 'Tell-true'. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan, by +John Bunyan + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS *** + +***** This file should be named 39452.txt or 39452.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/4/5/39452/ + +Produced by Julia Neufeld and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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