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+Project Gutenberg's Texas Honey Plants, by C. E. Sanborn and E. E. Scholl
+
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Texas Honey Plants
+
+
+
+Author: C. E. Sanborn
+
+        E. E. Scholl
+
+
+
+Release Date: April 3, 2012 [EBook #39357]
+
+
+
+Language: English
+
+
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TEXAS HONEY PLANTS ***
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Frank Zago
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+               TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.
+
+
+
+                          BULLETIN NO. 102.
+
+
+
+                             JANUARY 1908
+
+                      --------------------------
+
+
+
+                      DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY.
+
+
+
+                       College Station, Texas.
+
+
+
+                 [Photograph: Honey Bee on Horse-mint]
+
+
+
+                      _Honey Bee on Horse-mint_
+
+
+
+
+
+                         TEXAS HONEY PLANTS.
+
+
+
+
+
+                            C. E. Sanborn,
+
+    U. S. Cooperative Entomologist and Acting State Entomologist.
+
+
+
+                            E. E. Scholl,
+
+              Assistant State Entomologist and Apiarist.
+
+                      --------------------------
+
+
+
+                             Postoffice,
+
+                COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS.
+
+
+
+* * * * *
+
+
+
+                TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS
+
+                      --------------------------
+
+
+
+                              OFFICERS.
+
+                      --------------------------
+
+
+
+                           GOVERNING BOARD.
+
+              (Board of Directors A. & M. College.)
+
+
+
+K. K. LEGGETT, President               Abilene
+
+T. D. ROWELL, Vice President           Jefferson
+
+A. HAIDUSEK                            La Grange
+
+J. M. GREEN                            Yoakum
+
+WALTON PETEET                          Dallas
+
+R. T. MILNER                           Austin
+
+L. L. McINNIS                          Bryan
+
+W. B. SEBASTIAN                        Breckenridge
+
+
+
+                          STATION OFFICERS.
+
+
+
+H. H. HARRINGTON                       LL. D., President of the
+
+                                        College and Director
+
+J. W. CARSON                           Assistant to Director and
+
+                                        State Feed Inspector
+
+W. G. WELBORN                          Vice Director and Agriculturist
+
+M. FRANCIS                             Veterinarian
+
+E. J. KYLE                             Horticulturist
+
+JOHN C. BURNS                          Animal Husbandry
+
+R. L. BENNETT                          Cotton Specialist
+
+O. M. BALL                             Botanist
+
+G. S. FRAPS                            Chemist
+
+C. E. SANBORN                          Co-Operative Entomologist
+
+N. C. HAMNER                           Assistant Chemist
+
+E. C. CARLYLE                          Assistant Chemist
+
+L. McLENNAN                            Deputy Feed Inspector
+
+A. T. POTTS                            Deputy Feed Inspector
+
+J. H. RODGERS                          Deputy Peed Inspector
+
+H. E. HANNA                            Deputy Feed Inspector
+
+C. W. CRISLER                          Chief Clerk
+
+W. L. BOYETT                           Clerk Feed Control
+
+F. R. Navaille                         Stenographer
+
+A. S. Ware                             Stenographer
+
+
+
+                         STATE SUB-STATIONS.
+
+
+
+W. S. HOTCHKISS, Superintendent        Troupe, Smith County
+
+S. A. WASCHKA, Superintendent          Beeville, Bee County
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTE--The main station is located on the grounds of the
+
+Agricultural and Mechanical College, in Brazos County. The postoffice
+
+address is College Station, Texas. Reports and bulletins are sent free
+
+upon application to the Director.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+
+This preliminary bulletin on Texas Honey Plants represents work of
+
+the Department of Entomology dating through the office tenures of
+
+Professors Mally, Newell, Sanderson and Conradi. They each have
+
+authorized and aided in the collection of the flora and data contained
+
+in this publication.
+
+
+
+To Mr. Louis H. Scholl, of New Braunfels, Texas, Assistant and
+
+Apiarist from 1902 until 1906, the Department is directly indebted for
+
+the material contained herein, except as is otherwise designated.
+
+
+
+Mr. Ernest Scholl, now Assistant and Apiarist, has furnished
+
+material as shown herein. He is now working on a continuation of the
+
+subject.
+
+
+
+Mr. D. C. Milam, of Uvalde, formerly Foul Brood Inspector, has also
+
+contributed, as is shown.
+
+
+
+The main body of the work, however, has been accomplished through
+
+the services of Mr. Louis H. Scholl, and much credit is due him, since
+
+he has done more in this Department, and perhaps more than any other
+
+person in helping to build up the Bee Industry of Texas. His data are
+
+followed by this mark *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+
+This publication treats of many of the Texas honey plants in a brief
+
+technical manner. In addition, wherever possible, the common name is
+
+used in connection with the description.
+
+
+
+The sequence followed by Coulter in his Botany of South West Texas
+
+is herein mainly followed. In some instances quotations from Small's
+
+Botany of Texas were used, as is shown in the publication. The plants
+
+are discussed by families.
+
+
+
+Not only is the honey producing qualities of the plants mentioned,
+
+but frequent mention is also made of the respective quality and yield
+
+of pollen and propolis. Data are included in many instances concerning
+
+the weather conditions and its effects upon the yield of certain
+
+plants.
+
+
+
+It is hoped that this will be a great help to apiarists in selecting
+
+locations for bees, since the value of bees depends entirely on the
+
+environment under which they may be placed. Again it may help in
+
+selecting certain plants to be planted that might prove to be very
+
+beneficial to an established apiary.
+
+
+
+The geographical distribution is given in a general brief way, so
+
+that one is less apt to be confused concerning the abundance in nature
+
+of certain plants. In this connection it must be remembered, however,
+
+that on account of extended cultivation in Texas, some of the common
+
+wild plants are becoming less numerous than formerly, while cultivated
+
+varieties are becoming more common.
+
+
+
+Two indices are contained in this bulletin. The first contains all
+
+the common or vernacular names, and the second contains the latin or
+
+technical names. The latter is complete, since some plants are known
+
+only by the technical appellation.
+
+
+
+*****
+
+
+
+TRIPLE-LEAFED BARBERRY. Berberis trifoliata Moric.
+
+Barberry family. Berberideae.
+
+
+
+"On gravelly slopes and foothills from the Gulf coast to the Limpia
+
+mountains." (Coulter). Hunter, gravelly hills; honey yield abundant,
+
+also pollen; fine for early brood rearing. January and February.*
+
+
+
+
+
+PRICKLY POPPY. Argemone platyceras (Link. and Otto.)
+
+Poppy family. Papaveraceae.
+
+
+
+"Abundant in valleys and along dry hillsides." (Coulter). Roadsides,
+
+waste fields and prairies. Honey yield unimportant, but abundance of
+
+pollen during the dearth of summer. May and July.*
+
+
+
+"This plant is abundant along the Brazos valley. Bees work heavily on
+
+it in June, carrying heavy loads of pollen, which they store in nearly
+
+every comb, thus making it disagreeable in the honey combs sometimes."
+
+(E. Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+POPPY. Papaver rhoeas L.
+
+Poppy family. Papaveraceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated in flower gardens. Honey yield not important and plants
+
+few. May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+PEPPERGRASS. PEPPERWORT. Lepidium Virginicum L.
+
+Mustard family. Cruciferae.
+
+
+
+"In all situations, Quebec to Minnesota, Kansas, Florida, Texas and
+
+Mexico. Naturalized in Europe." (Small). Found in all kinds of places;
+
+honey yield not important; some pollen. June to August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+GREGGIA. Greggia camporum Gray.
+
+Mustard family. Cruciferae.
+
+
+
+"Mountains of Western Texas." (Coulter). Honey yield early but not
+
+abundant; also pollen helps early brood rearing. Hunter; waste fields
+
+and fertile prairies. Honey yield early, but not abundant; also
+
+pollen; helps early brood rearing. February.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COMMON TURNIP. Brassica rapa L.
+
+Mustard family. Cruciferae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated and sometimes escaped; bees work on the blossoms, honey
+
+and pollen. June and July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLACK MUSTARD. Brassica nigra Koch.
+
+Mustard family. Cruciferae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated and escaped; bees sometimes busy on it. June and July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MIGNONETTE. Reseda odorata L.
+
+Mignonette family. Resedaceae.
+
+
+
+College: cultivated on Apiary Experimental plats. Honey yield good;
+
+plants not plentiful enough for surplus. June and July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+PORTULACA. Portulaca grandiflora Hook.
+
+Purslane family. Portulaceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated in ornamental flower beds. Honey yield good as it comes
+
+during time when few others in bloom; also abundance of highly colored
+
+pollen, red, orange and yellows. June until frost.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SALT CEDAR. Tamarix gallica L.
+
+Tamarisc family. Tamariscineae.
+
+
+
+"A common European Mediterranean shrub which seems to have escaped in
+
+many places in Texas." (Coulter). "On roadsides, in thickets and waste
+
+places; warmer parts of Southern United States, naturalized from
+
+Southern Europe." (Small). College Station; cultivated ornamental
+
+shrub bees worked well on it, but number of trees scarce. May and
+
+June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+FRINGED POPPY MALLOW. Callirrhoe digitata Nutt.
+
+Mallow family. Malvaceae.
+
+
+
+"Common on prairies and in valleys." (Coulter). Hunter; prairies and
+
+lowlands. Honey yield not important; some pollen. May and June. A good
+
+pollen yielder during May at College Station.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SPANISH APPLE. Malvaviscus drummondii. Torr & Gray.
+
+Mallow family. Malvaceae.
+
+
+
+"From Rio Grande to the Colorado and Northeastward." (Coulter). In
+
+lowlands and along streams. June and July.* "Plentiful along Comal and
+
+Guadalupe rivers, New Braunfels, Texas. Not important." (E. Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+ROSE OF SHARON. SHRUBBY ALTHAEA. Hibiscus Syriacus L.
+
+Mallow family. Malvaceae.
+
+
+
+"In various situations New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida and
+
+Texas." (Small). Cultivated ornamental, in gardens and parks; honey
+
+yield not important and plants few, but bees work busily on it; honey
+
+and pollen. May to Sept.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SPRING SIDA. Sida spinosa L.
+
+Mallow family. Malvaceae.
+
+
+
+"In cultivated grounds, waste places on roadsides, New York to Iowa,
+
+Florida and Texas. Widely distributed in the tropics." (Small). Waste
+
+places, fields and along roads; some honey and pollen; not important.
+
+June to August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+NARROW-LEAFED SIDA. Sida angustifolia Lam.
+
+Mallow family. Malvaceae.
+
+
+
+"In dry soil Texas to Arizona; also in Mexico and tropical America."
+
+(Small). In dry soils; bees found upon it; yields pollen. June to
+
+August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COTTON. Gossypium herbaceum L.
+
+Mallow family. Malvaceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated staple crop in the fields for fibre. Honey yield good,
+
+steady flow till frost, honey white and of good quality. Main source
+
+throughout cotton belt. Nectar glands on ribs of leaves and on bracts
+
+of buds, blooms and bolls. June to frost.*
+
+
+
+
+
+JAPANESE VARNISH TREE. Firmiana platinifolia (L.) R. Br.
+
+Chocolate family. Buettneriaceae. HBK.
+
+
+
+College Station: Cultivated ornamental tree on campus; honey yield
+
+very heavy but of short duration some seasons longer. May and June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BASSWOOD. AMERICAN LINDEN. Tilia Americana L.
+
+Linden family. Tiliaceae.
+
+
+
+"A large and handsome tree of the Atlantic States, extending in
+
+Texas to the Valley of the San Antonio River." (Coulter). On forests
+
+of Eastern Texas, yields large quantities of excellent honey. May and
+
+June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+LARGE-FLOWERED CALTROP. Tribulus cistoides L.
+
+Bean-caper family. Zygophylleae.
+
+
+
+Hunter: in fields and waste lands; honey yield good until noon when
+
+flowers close; also much pollen. April, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+GREATER CALTROP. Kallstroemia maxima (L) T. & G.
+
+Bean-caper family. Zygophylleae.
+
+
+
+"Tribulus maxima." (Coulter). "Common in dry soil throughout
+
+Southern and Western Texas." (Coulter). Hunter: in fields and waste
+
+lands. Honey yield good in morning, blossoms closing by noon except
+
+in cool weather; good as it comes in the dearth of summer; also
+
+abundance of pollen. April to August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+YELLOW WOOD SORREL. Oxalis stricta L.
+
+Geranium family. Geraniaceae.
+
+
+
+"Eastern and Southern Texas." (Coulter). Waste soils and open
+
+woodlands; not plentiful for bee forage. May, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+TOOTH-ACHE TREE. PRICKLY ASH. SEA ASH. PEPPERWOOD. Xanthoxylum
+
+clava-Herculis L.
+
+Rue family. Rutaceae.
+
+
+
+"Colorado to Rio Grande." (Coulter). "Along or near the coast,
+
+Virginia to Florida, Arkansas and Texas." (Small). Hunter: woodland
+
+prairies; honey yield good; bees work busily on it. April, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HOP TREE. Ptelea trifoliata L.
+
+Rue family. Rutaceae.
+
+
+
+"Throughout Southern and Western Texas." (Coulter). In woodlands and
+
+along rivers and creeks. Honey yield good; very good in favorable
+
+seasons where abundant. May and July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HARDY ORANGE. Citrus trifoliata L.
+
+Rue family. Rutaceae.
+
+
+
+College: planted for hedges, scarce; honey yield fair for early
+
+brood. Bees worked on it abundantly. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+TREE OF HEAVEN. Ailanthus glandulosus Desf.
+
+Quassia family. Simarubaceae.
+
+
+
+"In waste places and along streams, more or less extensively
+
+naturalized in the United States and Southern British America. Native
+
+of China." (Small). Hunter: cultivated for shade and escaped. Honey
+
+yield fair in good seasons, pollen; also nectar glands on leaf blades.
+
+April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+UMBRELLA CHINA TREE. Melia azedarach L.
+
+Melia family. Meliaceae.
+
+
+
+"A favorite shade tree and extensively naturalized in Central and
+
+Southern Texas." (Coulter). Cultivated ornamental shade tree and
+
+escaped. Honey yield helps early brood rearing. February, March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+POSSUM HAW. BEAR BERRY. Ilex decidua Walt.
+
+Holly family. Ilicineae.
+
+
+
+"A species of Southern States and extending in Texas to the Valley
+
+of the San Antonio." (Coulter). College; along lowlands, creeks and
+
+streams. Honey yield good but short; in warm spring early and valuable
+
+for early brood. March, May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+YOUPON. Ilex Caroliniana Trelease.
+
+Holly family. Ilicineae.
+
+
+
+"A species of the Gulf States and extending into Texas. Limit
+
+uncertain." (Coulter). Hunter: low woodland thickets; not important.
+
+March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BRASIL WOOD. LOGWOOD. Condalia obovata Hook.
+
+Buckthorn family. Rhamneae.
+
+
+
+"From the Guadalupe to the Rio Grande and west of New Mexico."
+
+(Coulter). Hunter: in woodlands, dry soils; honey yield not very
+
+important but comes well in dearth of summer. July, August.* "Abundant
+
+along Carter's Creek. Honey yield good during May." (E. Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+RATTAN VINE. Berchemia scandens Trelease.
+
+Buckthorn family. Rhamneae.
+
+
+
+"A species of the Southern States extending into Texas where its
+
+western limit is uncertain." (Coulter). Along ravines and low
+
+woodlands; honey yield good, giving surplus in favorable years but
+
+dark amber colored, used in manufacturing-houses. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COLUMBRINA TEXENSIS. Gray.
+
+Buckthorn family. Rhamneae.
+
+
+
+"From the Colorado to the Rio Grande westward to New Mexico."
+
+(Coulter). Floresville, slopes, adobe hills. Honey yield good but not
+
+enough for surplus. Also some pollen. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CULTIVATED WINE GRAPES. Vitis (?) (Varieties).
+
+Vine family. Ampelidaceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated in orchards; good for pollen. April, May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MOUNTAIN GRAPE. Vitis monticola Buckley.
+
+Vine family. Ampelidaceae.
+
+
+
+"Peculiar to the hilly limestone regions of Western Texas, not
+
+extending to the low country nor to the granite mountains." (Coulter.)
+
+Hunter: in woods and forests; honey yield fairly good and pollen
+
+valuable for brood rearing. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COW ITCH. Cissus incisa Desmoul.
+
+Vine family. Ampelidaceae.
+
+
+
+"In shady places from the Colorado to the Rio Grande and
+
+westward. An ornamental vine known as "Yerba del buey."
+
+(Coulter). Hunter: along fences and edge of thickets; honey yield
+
+keeps bees out of mischief during dearth. Surplus where
+
+plentiful. April, to August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SOAPBERRY. WILD CHINA. Sapindus marginatus Willd.
+
+Soapberry family. Sapindaceae.
+
+
+
+"Common along creeks throughout Texas from Louisiana to New Mexico
+
+and Mexico. Smaller west of the Colorado river." (Coulter). Along
+
+rivers and creeks and sometimes along uplands; honey yield good, heavy
+
+flow in favorable seasons gives surplus. June.* Evergreen shrub,
+
+blooms in April; yields quantities of honey and pollen where enough
+
+bushes." (Milam, Uvalde).
+
+
+
+
+
+COMMON BALLOON VINE. Cardiospermum Halicacabum L.
+
+Soapberry family. Sapindaceae.
+
+
+
+"Guadalupe to Rio Grande." (Coulter). "In thickets and waste places
+
+New Jersey, Missouri, Florida, Texas and tropical America; summer and
+
+fall." (Small). Hunter: in creek bottoms; honey yield fair but plants
+
+not abundant. April, July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MEXICAN BUCKEYE. Ungnadia speciosa Endl.
+
+Soapberry family. Sapindaceae.
+
+
+
+"Common along rocky valleys and in the mountains from the Valley of
+
+the Trinity through Western Texas to New Mexico." (Coulter). Hunter:
+
+"mountainous woodlands. Honey yield good in dearth but not plentiful.
+
+July."
+
+
+
+
+
+DWARF SUMACH. Rhus copallina L.
+
+Sumach family. Anacardiaceae.
+
+
+
+"A sumach of the Atlantic States extending through Eastern and
+
+Southern Texas to the Rio Grande." (Coulter). Hunter: small shrubby
+
+tree rocky hillsides and woodland prairies. Honey yield good giving
+
+surplus in favorable seasons depending upon rains. Reported as a honey
+
+plant in most of the beekeepers reports received. August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+GREEN SUMACH. Rhus virens Lindh.
+
+Sumach family. Anacardiaceae.
+
+
+
+"From the Colorado to the Rio Grande and westward." (Coulter). In
+
+stony, hilly woodlands. Bees are some seasons busy on it. October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLUE LUPINE. BLUEBONNET. Lupinus subcarnosus Hook.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"Common lupine of Southern and Western Texas, 'covering fertile
+
+slopes with a carpet of purple blue.' (Harvard), as early as March."
+
+(Coulter). Hunter: places in open woodlands. Honey yield good; also
+
+pollen of very bright and orange colors. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+ALFALFA OR LUCERNE. Medicago sativa L.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"An extensively cultivated forage plant which has long been an
+
+introduced plant in Southern and Western Texas." (Coulter). Cultivated
+
+for hay crops; honey yield fair; early summer and fall; better in
+
+irrigated regions. May, August.* "Large number of bees were seen on it
+
+at New Braunfels, Texas. June 19th, 1907. A good thing in North
+
+Texas." (E. Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+MEDICK. BURR CLOVER. Medicago denticulata Willd.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"Naturalized in Western Texas." (Coulter). College: abundant on
+
+campus lawns. Honey yield sparingly in summer, not important. February
+
+to May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SWEET CLOVER. Melilotus alba Desv.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+Distribution not definite. Cultivated and along fence rows; honey
+
+yield good and of fine quality; scarce and should be cultivated for
+
+honey. May to October.* "An important honey plant in North Texas." (E.
+
+Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+YELLOW SWEET CLOVER. Melilotus officinalis (L) Lam.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+Colorado along roadsides, escaped. Honey yield good; claimed to be
+
+superior to and earlier than M. alba by beemen. Should be cultivated
+
+on the poor soils of Texas. April to September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+RED CLOVER. Trifolium pratense L.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+College Station: cultivated on experimental plats. Blooms in summer;
+
+not important, not much grown and deep corollas. June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+WHITE CLOVER. Trifolium repens L.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"May be found wild in Texas." (Coulter). Along roadsides and on
+
+lawns. Cultivated at College, but did not grow as conditions were too
+
+dry. Honey yield good and one of main sources in States north of
+
+Texas. June, July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+EYSENHARDTIA. Eysenhardtia amorphoides. H B K.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"Throughout Southern and Western Texas, South of the Colorado."
+
+(Coulter). Hunter: on light soils and woodlands and known as "Rock
+
+Brush" by beemen. Honey yield abundant. Blooming after heavy rains.
+
+Honey fine quality. March, May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLACK LOCUST. Robinia Pseudacacia L.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"Native from Pennsylvania to Iowa, Georgia and Indian
+
+Territory. Also naturalized in the northeastern part of North
+
+America." (Small). College: cultivated on campus; honey yield good if
+
+no cold weather; bees work on it abundantly. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CASSIA. Daubentonia longifolia (Cav.) DC.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+Low and damp places; sandy soils; bees on it frequently but
+
+apparently of little value. July, September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MEXICAN GROUND-PLUM. Astragalus Mexicanus. A. DC.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"Prairies throughout Texas." (Coulter). Hunter: in open prairies
+
+honey yield abundant when season is favorable; drouth injures
+
+it. June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COW PEA. Vigna (sp.)
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+Honey yield good; fair quality, light color. Cultivated for forage
+
+crops and for enriching soils. June, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COW PEA. Vigna Sinensis (L) Endl. (Var. ?).
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated for forage crops and for enriching soils; honey yield
+
+good; fair quality, light color. June, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+JAPANESE DELCHOS. Dolichos lablab L.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated in Apiary Experimental plats; no bees on it; other plants
+
+in bloom. June, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+GARDEN PEA. Pisum sativum L.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+Hunter: cultivated widely; honey yield unimportant, some pollen; not
+
+visited much by bees. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+RED BUD. Cercis occidentalis Torr.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"Far Western and North Mexican species extending into Western
+
+Texas." (Coulter). Aids early brood rearing. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+RED BUD. JUDAS TREE. Cercis Canadensis L.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"In rich soil Ontario to Minnesota, New Jersey, Florida and Texas."
+
+(Small). Hunter: in woodlands. Honey yield fair, aiding in early brood
+
+rearing. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+RETAMA. Parkinsonia aculeata L.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"Throughout Southern and Western Texas." (Coulter). In sandy soils
+
+and low swamps. Blooms spring and throughout summer; bees work on it
+
+more or less all summer. May, Sept.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HONEY LOCUST. Gleditschia triacanthos L.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"An Atlantic species extending at least to the Valley of the Brazos
+
+river and common in cultivation." (Coulter). College Station: Along
+
+ravines and valleys; very heavy honey yield but of short duration.
+
+April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MEZQUIT TREE. SCREW BEAN. Prosopis juliflora DC.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"The chief woody plant of the wooded table-lands and high valleys
+
+throughout southern and western Texas, often forming impenetrable
+
+thickets." (Coulter) Hunter: throughout the black land prairies; honey
+
+yield abundant, main source in State, good light honey. April, and
+
+again in June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+Neptunia lutea Benth.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"In Eastern and Southern Texas, extending as far up the Rio Grande
+
+as Eagle Pass." (Coulter). College, open prairies; not plentiful, bees
+
+rarely found on it; some pollen. May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SENSITIVE BRIAR. Schrankia angustata Torr. and Gray.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"Found in Texas as far as San Diego and probably in the San Antonio
+
+region." (Coulter). Hunter: open prairies; honey yield not important;
+
+plants scarce; pollen. April to September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HUISACHE. Acacia Farnesiana Willd.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"From San Antonio to the Gulf Coast and lower Rio Grande."
+
+(Coulter). Very plentiful in richer soil of Southwest Texas; honey
+
+yield good for stimulating early brood rearing; also pollen. February,
+
+April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HUAJILLI. Acacia Berlandiera Benth.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"From the Nueces to the Rio Grande and west to Devil's River. Common
+
+on the bluffs of the lower Rio Grande." (Coulter). On dry and rocky
+
+hills in solid masses generally. Honey yield very heavy and main
+
+surplus in Southwest Texas; fine quality, white; considered the best
+
+honey in Texas in quality. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+PARADISE FLOWER. CATSCLAW. DEVILS CLAWS. Acacia Greggii Gray.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"In dry or rocky soil, Texas, New Mexico." (Small). Floresville: All
+
+over Southwest Texas. Honey yield very abundant, a main yielder of
+
+fine quality honey. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+ROUND-FLOWERED CATSCLAW. Acacia Roemeriana Schlecht.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"Throughout Texas south of the Colorado and west to El Paso."
+
+(Coulter). Hunter: in brushy woodlands; honey yield is heavy, of fine
+
+quality, but plants not abundant. April and May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+Acacia amentacea DC.
+
+Pulse family. Leguminosae.
+
+
+
+"From the Guadalupe to the lower Rio Grande and west to the Pecos."
+
+(Coulter). Very plentiful throughout Southwest Texas, on prairies.
+
+Honey yield of no importance. Bees gather pollen from it occasionally
+
+in early summer.*
+
+
+
+
+
+PLUM. Prunus domestica L.
+
+Rose family. Rosaceae.
+
+
+
+Hunter: in orchards and escaped. Honey yield good with "fruit
+
+bloom." Helps to build up colonies of bees. February.*
+
+
+
+
+
+WILD PLUM. Prunus (sp.)
+
+Rose family. Rosaceae.
+
+
+
+College Station: planted on campus. Honey yield good but of short
+
+duration. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+PEACH. Amygdalus Persica L.
+
+Rose family. Rosaceae.
+
+
+
+"In waste places and cultivated grounds throughout the United
+
+States." (Small). Cultivated in orchards; honey yield good; with
+
+"fruit bloom" builds up colonies in spring. January to April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BRIDAL WREATH. Spiraea Virginiana Britt.
+
+Rose family. Rosaceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated ornamental shrub. Honey yield unimportant; bees sometimes
+
+busy on it. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+DEW-BERRY. Rubus trivialis Michx.
+
+Rose family. Rosaceae.
+
+
+
+"A Southern blackberry, apparently common in Eastern, Southern and
+
+Western Texas." (Coulter). Common wild, little cultivated; bees on it
+
+busy; honey and pollen. February, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+ROSE. Rosa Tourn.
+
+Cultivated widely; honey yield unimportant; pollen gathered from it
+
+sometimes. Spring, summer and fall.*
+
+
+
+
+
+APPLE. Malus malus (L) Britt.
+
+Rose family. Rosaceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated in orchards; honey yield early; helps in brood rearing;
+
+good where abundant. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+PEAR. Pyrus communis L.
+
+Rose family. Rosaceae.
+
+
+
+A much cultivated fruit tree, important for early honey and pollen.
+
+February, March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HAWTHORN. WHITE THORN. Crataegus spathulata Michx.
+
+Rose family. Rosaceae.
+
+
+
+"A species of the Gulf States and extending to the lower Colorado in
+
+Texas." (Coulter). In woodlands and creeks; good for honey and pollen.
+
+April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HAWTHORN. WHITE THORN. Crataegus arborescens Ell.
+
+Rose family. Rosaceae.
+
+
+
+"A species of the Gulf States and extending to the lower Colorado in
+
+Texas." (Coulter). College Station; in woodlands and creek banks;
+
+honey yield good, bees found busily on it; also pollen. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CREPE MYRTLE. Lagerstroemia Indica L.
+
+Loose strife family. Lythraceae.
+
+
+
+"In waste places in and near gardens; widely cultivated and
+
+sparingly naturalized from Maryland, Florida and Texas."
+
+(Small). Cultivated ornamental on campus; honey yield occasionally
+
+good and visited much by bees. June, October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+JUSSIAEA. Jussiaea repens L.
+
+Evening Primrose family. Onagrarieae.
+
+
+
+"In streams from the San Antonio northward and eastward." (Coulter).
+
+In water edge of rivers and lakes. Not affected by drouth; it is
+
+important for bees during dearth. June to September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+JUSSIAEA. Jussiaea diffusa Forskl.
+
+Evening Primrose family. Onagrarieae.
+
+
+
+"In and about ponds, Kentucky to Kansas, Florida and Texas, also in
+
+tropical America and Asia." (Small) In water edge of pasture tanks and
+
+pools. Honey yield good; important as it is not affected by drouths
+
+but better after rains. June, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+Gaura filiformis Small.
+
+Evening Primrose family. Onagrarieae.
+
+
+
+Sandy soils and along creeks; honey yield good; sometimes yielding
+
+surplus in spurts when favorable season and rains prevail. June,
+
+October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MUSK MELON. Cucumis Melo L.
+
+Gourd family. Cucurbitaceae.
+
+
+
+Hunter: cultivated. Honey yield good; abundant during dewy mornings.
+
+Also pollen. Early summer to fall. Important in melon growing
+
+sections, South Texas. July and September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CUCUMBER. Cucumis sativa.
+
+Gourd family. Cucurbitaceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated; honey yield very good; short duration; pollen; but
+
+plants not abundant. April, July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+WATERMELON. Citrullus Citrullus (L) Small.
+
+Gourd family. Cucurbitaceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated; honey yield good; abundant during dewy mornings, also
+
+pollen; from early summer to frosts in late autumn. May to October.*
+
+"Successful in honey plant plot at College in 1905." (E. Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+WILD GOURD. Cucurbita foetidissima HBK.
+
+Gourd family. Cucurbitaceae.
+
+
+
+"Abundant in the valleys of Southern and Western Texas." (Coulter).
+
+Hunter: in a variety of places. Honey yield not important; plants
+
+scattered and few, good for pollen. April, July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COMMON PUMPKIN. Cucurbita pepo L.
+
+Gourd family. Cucurbitaceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated: not important for honey, but much pollen. May, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COMMON CACTUS OR PRICKLY PEAR. Opuntia englemannii Salm. & Dyk.
+
+Cactus family. Cactaceae.
+
+
+
+"Common throughout Southern and Western Texas. This seems to be
+
+common "prickly pear" of Texas, though all the flat-jointed opuntias
+
+bear that name. The joints are commonly spoken of as "leaves" and form
+
+an important food for grazing of animals, under the name of "nopal."
+
+The "nopal leaf" is also much used for poultices, etc."
+
+(Coulter). Hunter: over entire Southwestern Texas; Honey yield
+
+abundant; sometimes surplus; honey of rank flavor when first
+
+stored. May, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+DOGWOOD. Cornus asperifolia Michx.
+
+Dogwood family. Cornaceae.
+
+
+
+"An Eastern species extending to Central Texas where the variety
+
+Drummondii is the common form." (Coulter). Lowlands and along banks;
+
+honey yield good and bees fairly roam over blossoms, but species not
+
+plentiful. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+ELDER. Sambucus Canadensis L.
+
+Honey suckle family. Caprifoliaceae.
+
+
+
+"Moist grounds throughout Texas." (Coulter). Along rivers and wet
+
+places; honey yield good but not plentiful. April, May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLACK HAW. Virburnum prunifolium L.
+
+Honey suckle family. Caprifoliaceae.
+
+
+
+"An Atlantic species, extending westward into Texas as far as the
+
+valley of the Guadalupe and probably the San Antonio." (Coulter).
+
+Hunter: in woodlands and forests. Honey yield good, early, valuable
+
+for brood rearing. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CORAL BERRY. INDIAN CURRANT. Symphoricarpos symphorlcarpos (L) MacM.
+
+Honey suckle family. Caprifoliaceae.
+
+
+
+"An Atlantic species extending into Texas. Near New Braunfels.
+
+(Lindheimer)." (Coulter). In woodlands along rivers and rocky soil.
+
+Honey yield good and of long duration. July, September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BUSH HONEYSUCKLE. Lonicera fragrantissima Lindle.
+
+Honey suckle family. Caprifoliaceae.
+
+
+
+Shrubby vine; cultivated species on campus; honey yield extremely
+
+early, valuable to stimulate bees if weather is favorable; also
+
+pollen. January.*
+
+
+
+
+
+WHITE-FLOWERED HONEYSUCKLE. Lonicera albiflora Torn. & Gray.
+
+Honey suckle family. Caprifoliaceae.
+
+
+
+"Abundant throughout Western Texas and especially in the mountains
+
+west of the Pecos." (Coulter). Hunter: cultivated for ornamental
+
+purposes. Honey yield good, but few plants. May, July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HOUSTONIA. Houstonia angustifolia Michx.
+
+Madder family. Rubiaceae.
+
+
+
+"Throughout Texas." (Coulter). College Station: on dry soils and
+
+prairies. Bees work on it well but plants not abundant. May, July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BUTTON BUSH. Cephalanthus occidentalis L.
+
+Madder family. Rubiaceae.
+
+
+
+"Swamps and along streams throughout Texas." (Coulter). Hunter:
+
+along rivers and creeks. Bees work on it. July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BUTTON WEED. Diodia teres Walt.
+
+Madder family. Rubiaceae.
+
+
+
+"Sandy soil, low grounds of Texas to mouth of Rio Grande."
+
+(Coulter). Low sandy soils; honey yield good and valuable as it comes
+
+during drouth. No surplus. July, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BROOMWEED. Gutierrezia Texana T. & G.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Sterile plains throughout Texas." (Coulter). In open prairies;
+
+honey yield good in fall for winter stores; dark amber and strong
+
+flavor. September, October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+GOLDENROD. Solidago sp. (?).
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+Occurs in all parts of Texas. September. See A. B. C. 173.
+
+
+
+
+
+Parthenium Hysterophorus L.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Throughout Eastern and Central Texas. Dr. Harvard remarks that it
+
+is one of the commonest weeds about the streets of San Antonio."
+
+(Coulter). Hunter: in waste places and open town lots of which it
+
+takes possession. Honey yield good in favorable seasons when not too
+
+dry. White pollen. April, November.*
+
+
+
+
+
+ROMAN WORMWOOD. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"A common weed of waste grounds, extremely variable." (Coulter). Dry
+
+upland soils and waste places; probably pollen only. July, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+TALL RAGWEED. Ambrosia aptera DC.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Low grounds in Southern and Western Texas." (Coulter). Hunter:
+
+along field fences and low places. Some honey but more pollen of a
+
+resinous nature. July and August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+GREAT RAGWEED. Ambrosia trifida L.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Moist river banks throughout Eastern and Central Texas." (Coulter).
+
+College: in low moist creeks and along Brazos river. Honey yield not
+
+important, but yields much pollen. July and August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COCKLE-BURR. CLOT BURR. Xanthium Canadense Mill.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Alluvial shores and waste ground." (Coulter). Hunter: along creeks,
+
+in pastures and fields; not important; furnishes pollen late in the
+
+fall. September, October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CONE FLOWER. NIGGER HEAD. Rudbeckia hirta L.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Dry and open ground throughout Texas." (Coulter). Waysides and
+
+prairies; of no importance; bees gather propolis from resinous heads
+
+sometimes. May, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CONE FLOWER. NIGGER HEAD. Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Pine woods or sandy soil, Eastern and Southern Texas."
+
+(Coulter). "In woods and sandy soil, Arkansas to Alabama and Texas."
+
+(Small). Waysides and prairies; of no importance; bees gather
+
+propolis from resinous heads sometimes. May, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COMMON SUNFLOWER. Helianthus annuus L.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Abundant in all valleys." (Coulter). Hunter: along roadsides and in
+
+waste fields. Honey yield sometimes good in the fall but strong in
+
+flavor. Much propolis gathered from the large composite heads of the
+
+flower and stems and leaves of the plant. May, September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+VIRGINIAN CROWN-BEARD. Verbesina Virginica L.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Rich dry soil from the Mississippi and Gulf States through Texas to
+
+Mexico." (Coulter). In rich soils, lowlands and woodlands; honey yield
+
+very abundant, depending upon seasons; fine quality of honey.
+
+October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SNEEZE WEED. BITTER WEED. Helenium tenuifolium Nutt.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"River bottoms, etc., extending from the Gulf and Mississippi States
+
+to Western Texas." (Coulter). College: abundant on open woodland
+
+prairies and plains of Eastern Texas. Honey yield good in favorable
+
+seasons; pollen; honey golden yellow, heavy body but very bitter, as
+
+if 50 per cent quinine and some pepper was added. June to October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MARIGOLD. Gaillardia pulchella Foug.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Extending from plains of Arkansas and Louisiana through Texas to
+
+those of Arizona and Mexico." (Coulter). Hunter: waysides and
+
+prairies. Honey yield of good quality, dark amber colored. A main
+
+yielder of surplus. May, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLUE THISTLE. Cnicus altissimus Willd.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Borders of woods and open ground. Common in the Atlantic States and
+
+extending into Texas." (Coulter). Hunter: scattered over open
+
+prairies; honey yield unimportant; some pollen. July, August.* "Bees
+
+working heavily on it in June, 1907 along Guadalupe River, New
+
+Braunfels, Texas, where some of the pastures were literally covered
+
+with it." (E. Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+AMERICAN KNAPWEED. Centaurea Americana Nutt.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Extending from the plains of Arkansas and Louisiana through Texas
+
+to Arizona and adjacent Mexico." (Coulter). Hunter: open prairies and
+
+pastures. Not important. July, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+DANDELION. Taraxacum officinale Weber.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+"Common everywhere; an introduction from Europe." (Coulter). See
+
+A. B. C. of Bee Culture. February.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MARIGOLD. Tagetes patalus L.
+
+Composite family. Compositae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated in flower gardens; honey yield not important; bees only
+
+occasionally visiting it. July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+NARROW-LEAFED IRON WOOD. Bumelia angustifolia Nutt.
+
+Appodilla family. Sapotaceae.
+
+
+
+"Valley of the lower Rio Grande." (Coulter). Specimen sent from the
+
+Nueces River. (Cotulla). June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MEXICAN PERSIMMON. Diospyros Texana Scheele.
+
+Ebony family. Ebenaceae.
+
+
+
+"Woods along streams, Matagorda Bay to the Concho River and
+
+southward." (Coulter). "Mexicans call it "Chapote," also known as
+
+"black persimmon." Often found on rocky mesas but thrives best in
+
+canyons and on the edges of ravines." (Harvard). Hunter: in woodlands:
+
+honey yield abundant, not harmed by showers on account of bell-shaped
+
+flowers. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+PERSIMMON (COMMON). Diospyros Virginiana L.
+
+Ebony family. Ebenaceae.
+
+
+
+"A common tree of the Atlantic States. Extending Into Texas to the
+
+valley of the Colorado." (Coulter). Throughout East Texas; honey yield
+
+good, not long and trees not abundant. Bell-shaped blossoms are
+
+protected in rain. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CALIFORNIA PRIVET. Ligustrum vulgare L.
+
+Olive family. Oleaceae.
+
+
+
+"Thickets and on roadsides, Ontario to Pennsylvania and North
+
+Carolina." (Small). Ornamental shrub cultivated for hedges, etc.,
+
+honey yield good; flowering trees scarce, trimmed and kept down in
+
+hedges. April, May.* "A good flow at College Station in 1906." (E.
+
+Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+SILVER BERRY. Elaeagnus argentia, Pursh.
+
+Oleaster family. Elaeagnaceae.
+
+
+
+College Station; cultivated ornamental on campus. Honey yield
+
+abundant in narrowly funnel-shaped blossoms hanging downward. Nectar
+
+runs to mouth of flower. Protected from rains. Corolla
+
+8mm. deep. Long-tongue bees would be of advantage. October, November.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SWEET OLIVE. Elaeagnus angustifolia L.
+
+Oleaster family. Elaeagnaceae.
+
+
+
+College Station: cultivated ornamental shrub on campus; honey yield
+
+good; bees work on blossom. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SILK WEED. Asclepias sp.
+
+Milk weed family. Asclepiadeae.
+
+
+
+Beeville; on plains and prairies. Honey yield good but pollen
+
+attaches to bee's feet and cripples them. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+DENSE-FLOWERED PHACELIA. Phacelia congesta Hook.
+
+Water-leaf family. Hydrophyllaceae.
+
+
+
+"Throughout Texas." (Coulter). Rich places and moist woods; honey
+
+yield sparing. April, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+Phacelia glabra Nutt.
+
+Water-leaf family. Hydrophyllaceae.
+
+
+
+"Low prairies Arkansas and East Texas." (Coulter). On prairies
+
+Eastern Texas. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BORAGE. Borage officinalis L.
+
+Borage family. Boragineae.
+
+
+
+College: cultivated; honey yield good; bees working busily on it
+
+during June. Old stalks die down in July and large lower leaves
+
+protect root stock during severe drouth and sprout out for bees to
+
+work on bloom in August. June, July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MORNING GLORY. Ipomoea Caroliniana Pursh.
+
+Convolvulus family. Convolvulaceae.
+
+
+
+Most common in cultivated fields. Honey yield light, pollen. June to
+
+November.*
+
+
+
+
+
+NIGHT-SHADE. Solanum rostratum Dunal.
+
+Night-shade family. Solanaceae.
+
+
+
+"Plains throughout Texas." (Coulter). Hunter: waste lands, prairies
+
+and roadsides. Honey very little; some pollen. May, October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+TRUMPET CREEPER. TRUMPET FLOWER. Campsis radicans (L) Seem.
+
+Bigonia family. Bignoniaceae.
+
+
+
+"Moist soil, extending from Atlantic and Gulf States into Texas and
+
+common in cultivation." (Coulter). Cultivated and along river bottoms:
+
+honey yield of little importance; external nectar glands; pollen from
+
+flowers. July to October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+LARGE-FLOWERED VERBENA. Verbena urticaefolia L.
+
+Vervain family. Verbenaceae.
+
+
+
+"Waste or open grounds, extending from the Atlantic regions through
+
+Texas to tropical America." (Coulter). College Station: in waste open
+
+ground. April, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLUE VERVAIN. Verbena xutha Lehm.
+
+Vervain family. Verbenaceae.
+
+
+
+"Extending from Louisiana through Texas to Southern California and
+
+Mexico." (Coulter). College: in sandy soils, honey yield sparing and
+
+scattering throughout its season. April, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SPATULATE-LEAFED FOG-FRUIT. Lippia nodiflora Michx.
+
+Vervain family. Verbenaceae.
+
+
+
+"Low ground extending from the Gulf States to Western Texas."
+
+(Coulter). In moist places, rivers and creeks; honey yield very light
+
+and of little importance. July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+WHITE BRUSH. Lippia ligustrina Britt.
+
+Vervain family. Verbenaceae.
+
+
+
+"Common on rocky slopes throughout Texas." (Coulter). "Foliage eaten
+
+by cattle, sheep and goats." (Harvard). All over Southwest Texas;
+
+honey yield very heavy of fine quality but very short duration, only a
+
+few days; blooms after each rain during season. May to November.*
+
+
+
+
+
+LANTANA. Lantana Camara L.
+
+Vervain family. Verbenaceae.
+
+
+
+"Extending from the Gulf States through Southeastern Texas to
+
+tropical America." (Coulter). On light soils of Southwest Texas;
+
+unimportant; bees seldom on it. April, October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+FRENCH MULBERRY. Callicarpa Americana L.
+
+Vervain family. Verbenaceae.
+
+
+
+"Rich or moist grounds, extending from Gulf States to Southern
+
+Texas." (Coulter). Brazos bottoms, College; rich soil in woods,
+
+abundant: honey yield only fair. May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+ROEMER'S SAGE. Salvia Roemeriana Scheele.
+
+Mint family. Labiatae.
+
+
+
+"In light fertile soils, Western Texas." (Coulter). Hunter: rich
+
+soils in forests. Unimportant as a honey plant; not abundant; deep
+
+corollas. May, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLUE SAGE. Salvia azurea Lam.
+
+Mint family. Labiatae.
+
+
+
+"From Gulf States to extreme Western Texas." (Coulter). Hunter: dry
+
+soil and waste places; corolla deep and visited much more frequently
+
+by bumble bees than honey bees. April, October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CATNIP. Nepeta cataria L.
+
+Mint family. Labiatae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated on Apiary Experimental Plats, 1904; only a few plants
+
+grew and bloomed. A few bees visited it. Soon died. July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+WILD BERGAMONT. Monarda fistulosa L.
+
+Mint family. Labiatae.
+
+
+
+"Dry soil throughout Texas, etc." (Coulter). College: along banks of
+
+ravines. Honey yield good but plants not abundant. May, July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HORSE-MINT. Monarda clinopodioides Gray.
+
+Mint family. Labiatae.
+
+
+
+"Eastern and Southern Texas." (Coulter). Prairies and waste land;
+
+honey yield abundant; one of the main yielders; honey compared to
+
+bass-wood in flavor. May, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HORSE-MINT. Monarda punctata L. (See frontis-piece).
+
+Mint family. Labiatae.
+
+
+
+"Sandy ground extending from the Atlantic regions to Southern and
+
+Western Texas." (Coulter). In open prairies and waste land; honey
+
+yield abundant; one of the main crop yielders; honey compared with
+
+basswood. May, July.* "A good yielder in Brazos bottoms. College
+
+Station, Texas, in 1907, June." (E. Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+DRUMMOND'S SKULL-CAP. Scutellaria drummondii Benth.
+
+Mint family. Labiatae.
+
+
+
+"Common throughout Texas in damp rich soil." (Coulter). "On
+
+prairies, Kansas to Texas." (Small). Hunter: waste places in fields
+
+and prairies. Honey yield abundant in spring; much visited by
+
+bees. April, May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COMMON HOARHOUND. Marrubium vulgare L.
+
+Mint family. Labiatae.
+
+
+
+"A common escape in waste or open ground." (Coulter). Hunter: most
+
+all parts of the South; fertile places; fence corners and pens; honey
+
+yield abundant; steady flow; dark amber colored. Claimed bitter by
+
+some. February, July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COLEUS. Coleus blumei Benth.
+
+Mint family. Labiatae.
+
+
+
+College; ornament for borders, etc. Honey yield of no
+
+importance. Bees gather pollen from it only occasionally. July.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COMMON PIGWEED. Amaranthus retroflexus L.
+
+Amaranth family. Amaranthaceae.
+
+
+
+"Throughout Texas." (Coulter). Waste lands and fields; honey yield
+
+of no importance; some pollen. July, September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+THORNY AMARANTH. Amaranthus spinosus L.
+
+Amaranth family. Amaranthaceae.
+
+
+
+"From Tom Green County to Laredo." (Coulter). Annual weedy herbs. In
+
+waste places and cultivated soils presumably pollen only; not
+
+important. August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MADEIRA VINE. Anredera scandens (L). Moq.
+
+Goosefoot family. Chenopodiaceae.
+
+
+
+"From the upper Pecos to the lower Rio Grande, (Ringgold)."
+
+(Coulter). Hunter. Texas; cultivated for shade on verandas; honey
+
+yield fair, bees work on it industriously, but the plants are
+
+scarce. May, September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT. Fagopyrum fagopyrum (L) Karst.
+
+Buckwheat family. Polygonaceae.
+
+
+
+Cultivated in fields in a small way; honey yield good on favorable
+
+moist mornings, not in dry weather. Honey very dark and strong in
+
+flavor; not important for bees in Texas. June, July.* "A good yielder
+
+to bridge over from early spring flower to cotton bloom at College
+
+Station, Texas." (E. Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+AMERICAN MISTLETOE. Phoradendron flavescens Nutt.
+
+Mistletoe family. Loranthaceae.
+
+
+
+"From Eagle Pass to Central Texas. Reported on Ulmus, Prosopis,
+
+Quercus, etc." (Coulter). Honey yield abundant and also pollen, very
+
+valuable for early brood rearing. The first source for bees in the
+
+season. December, January.* "Blooms in January and February if weather
+
+is not too cold, yields pollen and honey." (Milam, D. C, Uvalde,
+
+Texas).
+
+
+
+
+
+SPURGE. Euphorbia marginata Pursh.
+
+Spurge family. Euphorbiaceae.
+
+
+
+"Throughout the valleys of the Pecos and Rio Grande."
+
+(Coulter). Along valleys and lowlands; honey yield of no
+
+importance. June, October.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SONORA CROTON. Croton Sonorae Torr.
+
+Spurge family. Euphorbiaceae.
+
+
+
+"On rocky bluffs of the upper Llano." (Coulter). Hunter: open places
+
+in woodland bluffs; honey yield only light, but comes in dearth and
+
+good if rains; pollen. July, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+CROTON CAPITATUS MICHX.
+
+Spurge family. Euphorbiaceae.
+
+
+
+"From the Pecos to Southern and Central Texas." (Coulter). Roadsides
+
+and prairies; unimportant; some pollen when no other bloom. July,
+
+September.* "Plenty of pollen at College Station in August, 1907." (E.
+
+Scholl).
+
+
+
+
+
+TEXAS CROTON. Croton Texensis Muell.
+
+Spurge family. Euphorbiaceae.
+
+
+
+"From the staked plains to Corpus Christi." (Coulter). Hunter:
+
+roadsides and fields; honey yield very light, not important. June,
+
+August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+ONE-SEEDED CROTON. Croton monanthogynus Michx.
+
+Spurge family. Euphorbiaceae.
+
+
+
+"Central and Southern Texas." (Coulter). Hunter: open prairies and
+
+pastures; honey yield fair, but unimportant. May, June.
+
+
+
+
+
+CASTOR-OIL PLANT. Ricinus communis L.
+
+Spurge family. Euphorbiaceae.
+
+
+
+"Cultivated extensively for ornament and sparingly escaped in
+
+Missouri and southwestward to Central Mexico." (Coulter). Planted for
+
+ornamental purposes; honey yield good in favorable seasons; pollen;
+
+has glands at base of leaves. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+AMERICAN OR WHITE ELM. Ulmus Americana L.
+
+Nettle family. Urticaceae.
+
+
+
+"Extending westward to the streams of Southern and Central Texas."
+
+(Coulter). College: along moist creeks and streams; honey yield good
+
+but not very plentiful. August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+WINGED ELM or WAHOO. Ulmus alata Michx.
+
+Nettle family. Urticaceae.
+
+
+
+"On streams extending to the valley of the Trinity." (Coulter). Tree
+
+with corky winged branches, along streams and low soils in woods;
+
+honey yield good sometimes giving surplus; much pollen; honey of amber
+
+color and strong characteristic aroma. August, September.*
+
+
+
+
+
+GRANJENO. Celtis pallida Torr.
+
+Nettle family. Urticaceae.
+
+
+
+"Very common on all mesas and foot-hills of Western and Southern
+
+Texas." (Coulter). Beekeepers value it as an important plant in
+
+Southwest Texas. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HACKBERRY. Celtis Mississippiensis Bosc.
+
+Nettle family. Urticaceae.
+
+
+
+"Extending to Central Texas." (Coulter). In woodlands; much planted
+
+for shade; honey yield fair, valuable for pollen in the spring. March,
+
+April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+HACKBERRY. Celtis occidentalis L.
+
+Nettle family. Urticaceae.
+
+
+
+"Very common in the valleys of Western and Southwestern Texas, 'Palo
+
+Blanco'" (Coulter). In woods and valleys, planted for shade; honey
+
+yield fair, much pollen, valuable for early brood rearing. March,
+
+April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+OSAGE ORANGE. Toxylon pomiferum Raf.
+
+Nettle family. Urticaceae.
+
+
+
+"Near waters from Eastern to Central and Southern Texas. Extensively
+
+used for hedges." (Coulter). Planted for hedges and timber; honey
+
+yield not important on account of scarcity of trees. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+PECAN-NUT. Hicoria Pecan (Marsh) Britt.
+
+Walnut family. Juglandeae.
+
+
+
+"Extending from the Mississippi States to the streams of Central and
+
+Southwestern Texas as far west as Fort Concho." (Coulter). Along
+
+rivers and creeks; honey yield where plentiful; valuable for brood
+
+rearing on account of its pollen. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+MOCKERNUT. WHITEHEART HICKORY. Hicoria alba (L) Britt.
+
+Walnut family. Juglandeae.
+
+
+
+"Extending to the Valley of the Brazos." (Coulter). College Station,
+
+Brazos River. Abundant in the sandy valley land; some honey and
+
+pollen. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLACK WALNUT. Juglans nigra L.
+
+Walnut family. Juglandeae.
+
+
+
+"Extending from the east to the valley of the Colorado and San
+
+Antonio." (Coulter). In forests, along creeks and rivers; some honey,
+
+more pollen; good to stimulate bees. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+POST OAK. Quercus minor (Marsh) Sarg.
+
+Oak family. Cupuliferae.
+
+
+
+"Sandy or sterile soils, extending from the Atlantic States to
+
+Central Texas." (Coulter). In sandy land sections of the country;
+
+honey yield inferior but with large amount of pollen; good for early
+
+brood rearing. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+LIVE OAK. Quercus Virginiana Mill.
+
+Oak family. Cupuliferae.
+
+
+
+"Common along water courses extending from the Gulf States through
+
+Southern and Western Texas to the mountains of New Mexico." (Coulter).
+
+Hunter: in forests, honey yield good, poor in quality, dark; valuable
+
+for early brood rearing; much pollen. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+RED OAK. Quercus rubra L.
+
+Oak family. Cupuliferae.
+
+
+
+"Extending to the valleys of the Colorado and San Antonio. Not
+
+abundant and timber poor." (Coulter). Along creeks and low-lands;
+
+scarce; pollen. March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SWAMP, SPANISH, or PIN OAK. Quercus palustris Du Roi.
+
+Oak family. Cupuliferae.
+
+
+
+"Low grounds extending to the valley of the Colorado." (Coulter).
+
+Forests; good honey yield and also pollen; valuable for brood rearing,
+
+March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+WATER OAK. Quercus aquatica Walt.
+
+Oak family. Cupuliferae.
+
+
+
+"Wet grounds extending from the South Atlantic States to the valley
+
+of the Colorado." (Coulter). College: along creeks and streams; scarce
+
+and scattering; pollen. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLACK JACK or BARREN OAK. Quercus nigra L.
+
+Oak family. Cupuliferae.
+
+
+
+"Extending to the valleys of the Colorado and Nueces." (Coulter). In
+
+post oak woods in sandy sections of the country; early pollen. March,
+
+April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+BLACK WILLOW. Salix nigra Marsh.
+
+Willow family. Salicineae.
+
+
+
+"On banks bending over the water of most streams of Western Texas."
+
+(Coulter). Along rivers and creeks; honey yield good and valuable for
+
+brood rearing, and for abundance of pollen. February to April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+COTTONWOOD. NECKLACE POPLAR. Populus monilifera Ait.
+
+Willow family. Salicineae.
+
+
+
+"Extending into the mountains of Western Texas." (Coulter). Lowlands
+
+and along streams; some honey but more pollen; valuable for early
+
+brood rearing. March.*
+
+
+
+
+
+GREEN BRIAR. CAT BRIAR. Smilax bona-nox L.
+
+Lily family. Liliaceae.
+
+
+
+"Abundant along the Rio Grande and Pecos." (Coulter). "In thickets
+
+Massachusetts to Florida and Texas. Stretch berry." (Small). In
+
+thickets; honey yield fair; bees work on it well, but of short
+
+duration. April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+ASPARAGUS. Asparagus officinalis Linn.
+
+Lily family. Liliaceae.
+
+
+
+"In waste places and salt marshes. New Brunswick to Georgia and
+
+Louisiana. Naturalized from Europe." (Small). Cultivated for its young
+
+shoots for food; honey yield of no importance, but good for pollen.
+
+March, April.*
+
+
+
+
+
+VIRGINIAN SPIDERWORT. Commelina Virginica L.
+
+Spiderwort family. Commelinaceae.
+
+
+
+"Moist thickets and borders of rivers southern and southwestern
+
+Texas." (Coulter). Hunter: moist fence corners and open woods; honey
+
+yield unimportant, valuable for pollen. April, May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SPIDERWORT. Tradescantia gigantea Rose.
+
+Spiderwort family. Commelinaceae.
+
+
+
+"On plains or prairies, Texas." (Small). New Braunfels; in and about
+
+hedges of woodlands; honey yield unimportant but good for early
+
+pollen. March, May.*
+
+
+
+
+
+SORGHUM. Sorghum vulgare Pers.
+
+Grass family. Gramineae.
+
+
+
+Hunter: cultivated for hay crops, etc., valuable for abundant yield
+
+of pollen; some honey. June, August.*
+
+
+
+
+
+INDIAN CORN. Zea mays L.
+
+Grass family. Gramineae.
+
+
+
+"Cultivated in fields for grain; honey yield not positively known;
+
+valuable for its pollen in abundance. May, June.*
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+
+Latin or Technical Names.
+
+
+
+Acacia amentacea
+
+Acacia Berlandiera
+
+Acacia Farnesiana
+
+Acacia Greggii
+
+Acacia Roemeriana
+
+Ailanthus glandulosus
+
+Amaranthaceae
+
+Amaranthus retroflexus
+
+Amaranthus spinosus
+
+Ambrosia aptera
+
+Ambrosia artemisiaefolia
+
+Ambrosia trifida
+
+Ampelidaceae
+
+Amygdalus Persica
+
+Anacardiaceae
+
+Anredera scandens
+
+Argemone platyceras
+
+Asclepiadeae
+
+Asclepias sp
+
+Asparagus officinalis
+
+Astragalus Mexicanus
+
+Berberideae
+
+Berberis trifoliata
+
+Bignoniaceae
+
+Berchemia scandens
+
+Borage officinalis
+
+Boragineae
+
+Brassica nigra
+
+Brassica rapa
+
+Bumelia angustifolia
+
+Callicarpa Americana
+
+Callirrhoe digitata
+
+Cactaceae
+
+Campsis radicans
+
+Caprifoliaceae
+
+Cardiospermum Halicacabum
+
+Celtis pallida
+
+Celtis occidentalis
+
+Celtis Mississippiensis
+
+Centaurea Americana
+
+Cephalanthus occidentalis
+
+Cercis Canadensis
+
+Cercis occidentalis
+
+Chenopodiaceae
+
+Cissus incisa
+
+Citrullus Citrullus
+
+Citrus trifoliata
+
+Cnicus altissimus
+
+Coleus blumei
+
+Columbrina Texensis
+
+Commelinaceae
+
+Commelina Virginica
+
+Compositae
+
+Condalia obovata
+
+Convolvulaceae
+
+Cornaceae
+
+Cornus asperifolia
+
+Crataegus arborescens
+
+Crataegus spathulata
+
+Croton Capitatus
+
+Croton monanthogynus
+
+Croton Sonorae
+
+Croton Texensis
+
+Cruciferae
+
+Cucumis Melo
+
+Cucumis sativa
+
+Cucurbitaceae
+
+Cucurbita foetidissima
+
+Cucurbita pepo
+
+Cupuliferae
+
+Daubentonia longifolia
+
+Diodia teres
+
+Diospyros Texana
+
+Diospyros Virginiana
+
+Dolichos lablab
+
+Ebenaceae
+
+Elaeagnaceae
+
+Elaeagnus angustifolia
+
+Elaeagnus argentia
+
+Euphorbiaceae
+
+Euphorbia marginata
+
+Eysenhardtia amorphoides
+
+Firmiana platinifolia
+
+Fagopyrum fagopyrum
+
+Gaillardia pulchella
+
+Gaura filiformis
+
+Geraniaceae
+
+Gleditschia triacanthos
+
+Gossypium herbaceum
+
+Gramineae
+
+Greggia camporum
+
+Gutierrezia Texana
+
+Helenium tenuifolium
+
+Helianthus annuus
+
+Hibiscus syriacus
+
+Hicoria alba
+
+Hicoria Pecan
+
+Houstonia angustifolia
+
+Hydrophyllaceae
+
+Ilex Caroliniana
+
+Ilex decidua
+
+Ilicineae
+
+Ipomoea Caroliniana
+
+Juglandeae
+
+Juglans nigra
+
+Jussiaea diffusa
+
+Jussiaea repens
+
+Kallstroemia maxima
+
+Labiatae
+
+Lagerstroemia Indica
+
+Lantana Camara
+
+Leguminosae
+
+Lepidium virginicum
+
+Ligustrum vulgare
+
+Liliaceae
+
+Lippia ligustrina
+
+Lippia nodiflora
+
+Lonicera albiflora
+
+Lonicera fragrantissima
+
+Loranthaceae
+
+Lupinus subcarnosus
+
+Lythraceae
+
+Malus malus
+
+Malvaceae
+
+Malvaviscus drummondii
+
+Marrubium vulgare
+
+Medicago denticulata
+
+Medicago sativa
+
+Meliaceae
+
+Melia azedarach
+
+Melilotus alba
+
+Melilotus officinalis
+
+Monarda clinopodioides
+
+Monarda fistulosa
+
+Monarda punctata
+
+Nepeta cataria
+
+Neptunia lutea
+
+Oleaceae
+
+Onagrarieae
+
+Opuntia englemannii
+
+Oxalis stricta
+
+Papaveraceae
+
+Papaver rhoeas
+
+Parkinsonia aculeata
+
+Parthenium Hysterophorus
+
+Phacelia congesta
+
+Phacelia glabra
+
+Phoradendron flavescens
+
+Pisum sativum
+
+Polygonaceae
+
+Populus monilifera
+
+Portulaceae
+
+Portulaca grandiflora
+
+Prosopis juliflora
+
+Prunus (sp.)
+
+Prunus domestica
+
+Ptelea trifoliata
+
+Pyrus communis
+
+Quercus aquatica
+
+Quercus minor
+
+Quercus nigra
+
+Quercus palustris
+
+Quercus rubra
+
+Quercus Virginiana
+
+Reseda odorata
+
+Resedaceae
+
+Rhamneae
+
+Rhus copallina
+
+Rhus virens
+
+Ricinus communis
+
+Robinia Pseudacacia
+
+Rosa
+
+Rosaceae
+
+Rudbeckia bicolor
+
+Rudbeckia hirta
+
+Rubiaceae
+
+Rubus trivialis
+
+Rutaceae
+
+Salicineae
+
+Salix nigra
+
+Salvia azurea
+
+Salvia Roemeriana
+
+Sambucus Canadensis
+
+Sapindaceae
+
+Sapindus marginatus
+
+Sapotaceae
+
+Schrankia angustata
+
+Scutellaria drummondii
+
+Sida spinosa
+
+Sida angustifolia
+
+Simarubaceae
+
+Smilax bona-nox
+
+Solanaceae
+
+Solanum rostratum
+
+Solidago sp. (?)
+
+Sorghum vulgare
+
+Spiraea Virginiana
+
+Symphoricarpos symphorlcarpos
+
+Tagetes patalus
+
+Tamariscineae
+
+Tamarix gallica
+
+Taraxacum officinale
+
+Tilia Americana
+
+Tiliaceae
+
+Toxylon pomiferum
+
+Tradescantia gigantea
+
+Tribulus cistoides
+
+Trifolium pratense
+
+Trifolium repens
+
+Ulmus Americana
+
+Ulmus alata
+
+Ungnadia speciosa
+
+Urticaceae
+
+Verbenaceae
+
+Verbena urticaefolia
+
+Verbena xutha
+
+Verbesina Virginica
+
+Vigna sinensis (Var. ?)
+
+Vigna (sp).
+
+Virburnum prunifolium
+
+Vitis monticola
+
+Vitis (?) (Varieties)
+
+Xanthium Canadense
+
+Xanthoxylum clava-Herculis
+
+Zea mays
+
+Zygophylleae
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+
+Vernacular or Common Names.
+
+
+
+Alfalfa or Lucerne
+
+Amaranth family
+
+American Knapweed
+
+American mistletoe
+
+American or White elm
+
+Apple
+
+Appodilla family
+
+Asparagus
+
+Barberry family
+
+Basswood. American linden
+
+Bean-caper family
+
+Bigonia family
+
+Black haw
+
+Black jack or Barren oak
+
+Black locust
+
+Black walnut
+
+Black willow
+
+Blue lupine. Bluebonnet
+
+Blue sage
+
+Blue thistle
+
+Blue vervain
+
+Borage
+
+Borage family
+
+Brasil wood
+
+Bridal wreath
+
+Broomweed
+
+Buckthorn family
+
+Buckwheat family
+
+Bush honeysuckle
+
+Button bush
+
+Button weed
+
+Cactus family
+
+California privet
+
+Cassia
+
+Castor-oil plant
+
+Catnip
+
+Catsclaw
+
+Cockle-burr. Clot-burr
+
+Coleus
+
+Common Balloon Vine
+
+Common cactus or Prickly pear
+
+Common hoarhound
+
+Common pigweed
+
+Common pumpkin
+
+Common Sunflower
+
+Common turnip
+
+Composite family
+
+Cone flower. Nigger Head
+
+Convolvulus family
+
+Coral berry. Indian currant
+
+Cotton
+
+Cottonwood. Necklace poplar
+
+Cow itch
+
+Crepe myrtle
+
+Cucumber
+
+Cultivated wine grapes
+
+Cow pea
+
+Dandelion
+
+Dense-flowered phacelia
+
+Devils claws
+
+Dew-berry
+
+Dogwood family
+
+Drummond's skull-cap
+
+Dwarf sumach
+
+Ebony family
+
+Elder
+
+Evening primrose family
+
+Eysenhardtia
+
+French mulberry
+
+Fringed poppy mallow
+
+Garden pea
+
+Geranium family
+
+Goldenrod
+
+Goosefoot family
+
+Gourd family
+
+Grass family
+
+Granjeno
+
+Greater caltrop
+
+Great ragweed
+
+Green briar. Cat briar
+
+Green sumach
+
+Greggia
+
+Hardy orange
+
+Hackberry
+
+Hawthorn. White thorn
+
+Holly family
+
+Honey locust
+
+Honey suckle family
+
+Hop tree
+
+Horse-mint
+
+Houstonia
+
+Huajilla
+
+Huisache
+
+Indian corn
+
+Japanese buckwheat
+
+Japanese delchos
+
+Japanese varnish tree
+
+Jussiaea
+
+Lantana
+
+Large-flowered caltrop
+
+Large-flowered verbena
+
+Lily family
+
+Linden family
+
+Live oak
+
+Loose strife family
+
+Madder family
+
+Madeira vine
+
+Mallow family
+
+Marigold
+
+Medick. Burr clover
+
+Melia family
+
+Mezquit tree. Screw bean
+
+Mexican buckeye
+
+Mexican ground plum
+
+Mexican persimmon
+
+Mignonette
+
+Mignonette family
+
+Milk weed family
+
+Mint family
+
+Mistletoe family
+
+Mockernut. Whiteheart Hickory
+
+Morning glory
+
+Mountain grape
+
+Musk melon
+
+Mustard family
+
+Narrow-leafed iron wood
+
+Narrow-leafed sida
+
+Nettle family
+
+Night-shade
+
+Night-shade family
+
+Oak family
+
+Oleaster family
+
+Olive family
+
+One-seeded croton
+
+Osage orange
+
+Paradise flower
+
+Peach
+
+Pear
+
+Pecan-nut
+
+Persimmon (common)
+
+Peppergrass. Pepperwort
+
+Plum
+
+Poppy family
+
+Portulaca
+
+Possum haw. Bear berry
+
+Post oak
+
+Prickly poppy
+
+Pulse family
+
+Purslane family
+
+Quassia family
+
+Rattan vine
+
+Red bud
+
+Red bud. Judas tree
+
+Red clover
+
+Red oak
+
+Retama
+
+Roemer's sage
+
+Roman wormwood
+
+Rose
+
+Rose family
+
+Rose of sharon. Shrubby althaea
+
+Round-flowered catsclaw
+
+Rue family
+
+Salt cedar
+
+Sensitive briar
+
+Silk weed
+
+Silver berry
+
+Sneeze weed. Bitter weed
+
+Soapberry. Wild china
+
+Soapberry family
+
+Sonora croton
+
+Sorgum
+
+Spanish apple
+
+Spatulate-leafed fog-fruit
+
+Spiderwort family
+
+Spring sida
+
+Spurge
+
+Spurge family
+
+Sumach family
+
+Swamp, Spanish, or Pin oak
+
+Sweet clover
+
+Sweet olive
+
+Tall ragweed
+
+Tamarisc family
+
+Texas croton
+
+Thorny amaranth
+
+Tooth-ache tree. Prickly ash. Sea ash. Pepperwood
+
+Tree of heaven
+
+Triple-leafed barberry
+
+Trumpet creeper. Trumpet flower
+
+Umbrella china tree
+
+Vervain family
+
+Vine family
+
+Virginian crown-beard
+
+Virginian spiderwort
+
+Walnut family
+
+Water-leaf family
+
+Watermelon
+
+Water oak
+
+White brush
+
+White clover
+
+White-flowered honey suckle
+
+Willow family
+
+Wild bergamont
+
+Wild gourd
+
+Wild plum
+
+Winged elm or Wahoo
+
+Yellow Wood sorrel
+
+Yellow sweet clover
+
+Youpon
+
+
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note:
+
+
+
+Electronic version produced by Frank Zago - April 2nd, 2012.
+
+
+
+Notes about this edition: only the obvious typos were fixed; and
+
+several missing opening or closing quotes were added. Otherwise no
+
+other change was made.
+
+
+
+The original book used is freely available from Texas A&M University
+
+at: http://repository.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/3440]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Texas Honey Plants, by
+
+C. E. Sanborn and E. E. Scholl
+
+
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TEXAS HONEY PLANTS ***
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