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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/39338-0.txt b/39338-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab14153 --- /dev/null +++ b/39338-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4635 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, +December 6, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, December 6, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 1, 2012 [EBook #39338] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in +brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on +top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs +indicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has +been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 110. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6. 1851. + +Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + The Aborigines of St. Domingo, by Henry H. Breen 433 + + Mitigation of Capital Punishment to a Forger, by + Alfred Gatty 434 + + Passage in Jeremy Taylor 435 + + Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple 435 + + Folk Lore:--Death Omen by Bees 436 + + The Caxton Coffer 436 + + Minor Notes:--Mental Almanac--Corruptions recognised + as acknowledged Words--Pasquinade--Epigram + on Erasmus--Etymology of London--Verses on + Shipmoney--Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna 436 + + QUERIES:-- + + Additional Queries respecting General James Wolfe 438 + + Christianity, when first introduced into Orkney 439 + + The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607 440 + + Minor Queries:--"The Don," a Poem--John Lord + Frescheville--Meaning of "Pallant"--Rectitudines + Singularum Personarum--Sir Henry Tichborne's + Journal--Round Towers at Bhaugulpore--Johannes + Trithemius--Races in which Children are named after + the Mothers--Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, + and Residents from Foreign Courts--Critolaus + and the Horatii and Curiatii--Cabal--"Thus said the + Ravens black"--Symbols in Painting--Latin Verse + on Franklin--General Moyle--Musical Compositions + of Matthew Dubourg--Collodion, and its Application + to Photography--Engraved Portrait--Lines by Lord + Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to + forgive her Son when on her Death-bed 441 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Kimmeroi, Cimbri, + Cymry--Dictionary of Musicians--City of London + Charter--St. Alkald 444 + + REPLIES:-- + + Plaids and Tartans 445 + + Religious Statistics 445 + + Royal Library 446 + + Damasked Linen 446 + + Vermin, Payments for Destruction of 447 + + Was Raleigh in Virginia? 448 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Bunting's Irish + Melodies--Colonies in England--"History of Anglesey," + &c.--The Lowey of Tunbridge--Praed's Works--John + à Cumber--Punishment of Prince Edward of + Carnarvon--Joceline's Legacy--Bristol Tables--Grimsdyke + or Grimesditch--Derivation of "Æra"--Scent of the + Bloodhound--Monk and Cromwell Families--"Truth is that + which a man troweth"--"Worse than a Crime"--Verses in + Classical Prose--Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru--Nolo + Episcopari--Hougoumont--Call a Spade, a Spade--"Tace is + Latin for a Candle"--Collars of SS.--Locusts of the New + Testament--Theodolite--"A Posie of other Men's + Flowers"--Voltaire--Sinaïtic Inscriptions--Le Greene + at Wrexham--Cross-legged Effigies--The Word Ἀδελφὸς + --Finger Pillories--Blackloana Heresis--Quaker + Expurgated Bible--"Acu tinali merida" 452 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 459 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 460 + + Notices to Correspondents 460 + + Advertisements 460 + + + + +Notes. + + +THE ABORIGINES OF ST. DOMINGO. + +Perhaps you will kindly permit me to have recourse to "NOTES AND +QUERIES" for the purpose of pointing out one or two errors in a letter +from Sir R. Schomburgk, which was read at the meeting of the British +Association on the 3rd July last, section of Geography and Ethnology. +This communication, entitled "Ethnological Researches in Santo Domingo," +and addressed to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, contains the +following statement: I quote from the _Athenæum_ of the 5th July:-- + + "The extirpation of the pure Indian race prevented me from making + comparative inquiries between the still existing tribes of Guiana, + and those that once inhabited St. Domingo. My researches were + therefore restricted to what history and the few and poor + monuments have transmitted to us of their customs and manners. + Their language lives only in the names of places, rivers, trees, + and fruits; but all combine in declaring that the people who + bestowed these names were identical with the Carib and Arawaak + tribes of Guiana." + +The last sentence in this passage is obviously erroneous. That the +aboriginal inhabitants of the great Antilles (Santo Domingo, Cuba, +Porto-Rico, and Jamaica,) were identical with, or descended from, the +Arawaaks of Guiana, is an opinion which has long prevailed, and which +the circumstances stated by Sir R. Schomburgk tend to confirm. Indeed, +they are described by most writers as Indians _or_ Arawaaks. But that +there was any identity between the Indians and the tribes known by the +name of Caribs, is an assertion totally at variance with the established +facts. In support, however, of this assertion, Sir R. Schomburgk appeals +to "history;" but what history, he does not state. I have perused, and +still possess, almost every work that was ever written on the history of +these islands; and they all lead to the conclusion, that the Indians of +Santo Domingo (also called Hispaniola and Haiti) were a totally distinct +race from the Caribs. The Indians were a mild, inoffensive people; the +Caribs a race of savages, some say, cannibals. The former were indolent +and effeminate; the latter fierce and warlike. In short, no two races +ever presented such a striking disparity, not only in their manners and +customs, but in their features and personal appearance. + +The second error into which Sir R. Schomburgk has fallen, is where he +says: + + "There are various proofs that the Caribs inhabited Santo Domingo; + among others, I found at the eastern point of the island, called + Junta Engaño, numerous heaps of conch shells." + +The fact is, that the Caribs were the mortal enemies of the Indians. +They were engaged with them in the fiercest warfare, and made frequent +depredatory incursions into Santo Domingo and the other large islands. +But they never formed any settlements in those islands, and cannot be +said to have "inhabited" any of them, in the sense in which that word is +used by Sir R. Schomburgk. + +Whenever the Caribs in any of the lesser Antilles projected an +expedition against the Indians, they provided themselves with clubs and +poisoned arrows, and set off in their canoes. On their way, they touched +at most of the other small islands; and with their conch shells, of +which they always kept a supply, they summoned their brother Caribs to +join the expedition. As the fleet of canoes approached St. Domingo (the +principal theatre of their depredations) they glided silently along the +coast, and secreted themselves in some sheltered bay, till the darkness +of the night enabled them to emerge from their hiding places. Then, with +the most savage yells and war-whoops, accompanied by the blowing of +shells, they pounced upon the nearest village, beating down with their +clubs such of the Indians as had not taken refuge in flight. In these +encounters, however, the Caribs were not always victorious. If the +Indians were less robust and warlike than their invaders, they were also +far more numerous; and it sometimes happened that the Caribs were driven +back to their canoes with much slaughter. In all hand-to-hand conflicts +the conch shells would easily get detached, or, becoming an incumbrance, +would be thrown aside; and the Indians, finding them on the field of +battle, may be supposed to have piled them up as so many trophies. + +As the Caribs were incited to these incursions by the prospect of +plunder among a race of people their superiors in the arts of +civilisation, but chiefly from their inveterate hatred to the Indians, +so the moment they had accomplished their object, they lost no time in +retreating from a country where a longer sojourn would only have +afforded their enemies an opportunity of risings _en masse_, and +exterminating them by the superiority of their numbers. + +These facts are sufficient to account for the heaps of shells found by +Sir R. Schomburgk, and for the other traces of the Caribs which he +appears to have discovered in St. Domingo, without resorting to the +supposition that the Caribs had actually "inhabited" that island, or +warranting the conclusion that the two races were identical. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, Sept. 1851. + + +MITIGATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT TO A FORGER. + +The well-known cases of Dr. D. the divine and Mr. F. the banker, who +were executed for forgery, notwithstanding the powerful intercessions +that were made in their behalf, induced me to suppose that any +mitigation of punishment under similar circumstances used to be a very +rare occurrence; and, if so, that a curious instance of successful +application for mercy may interest some readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +A young man of respectable Scotch connexions settled in a town in the +north of England as a merchant, and soon afterwards made an offer of +marriage to a young lady of the same place. Her parents rejected his +suit, on the ground of his not being sufficiently established in +business, and he seemed to acquiesce in their decision. In a short time, +however, the young merchant took possession of larger premises than he +had hitherto occupied, and showed other symptoms of wishing to have it +understood that his fortunes were improving. But these appearances were +of short duration. He was suddenly arrested, and committed to take his +trial at the ensuing assizes on several charges of forgery. Immediately +after his arrest, a sister of singularly energetic character arrived +from Scotland, and applied to the father of my informant for +professional aid. This gentleman told her that he never touched criminal +business, and declined to interfere. But she was no common client, and +it ended in his undertaking to prepare the defence of her brother, and +receiving her into his house as a guest. Her immediate object was to +prevent the prosecutors pressing their charges at the trial; and, by her +indefatigable management, she succeeded with all, except the L---- bank, +the directors of which, as a matter of principle, were inexorable to her +entreaties. The trial came on at an early period of the assize, and the +prisoner was found guilty, and condemned to be hanged. His sister left +the court, and instantly proceeded to Scotland. There were no railways +in those days, and she had to rely on coaches and post-chaises, and she +travelled for four days and nights successively, without stopping or +removing her clothes, and carrying a petition with her from house to +house amongst her titled and powerful Scotch friends. + +With this she returned to the city at which the assizes had been held, +just as they were concluded. The two judges were in the act of +descending through the cathedral nave, after partaking of the holy +sacrament, when the petitioner cast herself at their feet, and held +forth her document. Baron G. was notorious for his unflinching obduracy; +but her devotion and energy were irresistible. He received her petition; +and her brother's sentence was eventually commuted to transportation for +life. But his story is not yet finished. The forger was placed in the +hulks prior to transportation; and, before this took place, he had +forged a pass or order from the Home Secretary's office for his own +liberation, which procured his release, and he was never afterwards +heard of. + +This "Jeanie Deans," who was the means of saving the life of her +unworthy relative, was described to me as a person of extraordinary +force of character. Indeed it could not have been otherwise. She +prevailed with the solicitor, who before had been a stranger both to her +and her brother; with the main body of the prosecutors; with the +petitioners in Scotland; and ultimately with the judge himself. My +friend, who lived in his father's house during the several weeks she +stayed there, told me, that, night and morning when he passed her door, +she was always in audible prayer; and he was convinced that her success +was attributable to her prayers having been _extraordinarily_ answered. +Her subsequent fate, even in this world, was a happy one. She became a +wife and a mother, and possibly is so still. + + ALFRED GATTY. + + +PASSAGE IN JEREMY TAYLOR. + +It may not be useless or uninteresting to the readers of Bishop Jeremy +Taylor to bring under their notice a point in which the editor of the +last edition seems to have fallen into an error. In Part II. of the +Sermon "On the Invalidity of a Death-bed Repentance" (p. 395.), the +Bishop says: + + "Only be pleased to observe this one thing: that this place of + Ezekiel [_i.e._ xviii. 21.] is it which is so often mistaken for + that common saying, 'At what time soever a sinner repents him of + his sins from the bottom of his heart, I will put all his + wickedness out of my remembrance, saith the Lord:' yet there are + no such words in the whole Bible, nor any nearer to the sense of + them, than the words I have now read to you out of the prophet + Ezekiel." + +Now the editor, as a reference for this "common saying," says in a +note-- + + "+ See Jer. xviii. 7, 8.:" + +whence I suppose that he thinks that text to be the nearest quotation to +it that can be found. But he has altogether overlooked the fact that +this "common saying" is, as the Bishop has here quoted it, the exact +form in which the first of the sentences at the beginning of Morning +Prayer occurs in the Second Book of Edward, and down to the time of the +last review, with the exception of the Scotch book. As it did not agree +with the translation of the Bible then in use, Bishop Taylor seems to +have considered it as a paraphrase. This also is the view which +Chillingworth took of it, who makes this reflection on it, in a sermon +preached before Charles I.: + + "I would to God (says he) the composers of our Liturgy, out of a + care of avoiding mistakes, and to take away occasion of cavilling + our Liturgy, and out of fear of encouraging carnal men to security + in sinning, had been so provident as to set down in terms the + first sentence, taken out of the 18th of Ezekiel, and not have put + in the place of it an ambiguous, and (though not in itself, but + accidentally, by reason of the mistake to which it is subject) I + fear very often a pernicious paraphrase: for whereas they make it, + '_At what time soever ... saith the Lord_;' the plain truth, if + you will hear it, is, the Lord doth not say so; these are not the + very words of God, but the paraphrase of men." + +Thus, I think, it is evident that this "sentence" has nothing to do with +the passage of Jeremiah to which the editor refers us; and its being +read continually in the church explains the application of the word +"common" to it in this place. + +While on this subject I would go on to mention that both Chillingworth +and Taylor seemed to have erred in calling it a paraphrase, and saying +that it does not occur in the Bible; for according to L'Estrange (c. +iii. n. F.) the sentence is taken from the Great Bible, or Coverdale's +translation. It is, however, remarkable that this fact should not have +been known to these divines. + + F. A. + + +PARALLEL PASSAGES. + +I send you two parallels on the subject of Death and Sleep, Nature the +art of God, &c. + + "How wonderful is death-- + Death and his brother sleep!" + + Shelley, _Queen Mab_. + + "Since the Brother of Death daily haunts us with dying + mementoes." + + Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_. + + * * * * * + + "Oh! what a wonder seems the fear of death, + Seeing how gladly we all sink to sleep, + Babes, children, youths, and men, + Night following night, for threescore years and ten!" + + Coleridge, _Monody on Chatterton_. + + "A sleep without dreams, after a rough day + Of toil, is what we covet most; and yet + How clay slinks back from more quiescent clay!" + + _Byron_ (reference lost). + + * * * * * + + "In brief all things are artificial; for Nature is the art of + God." + + Sir T. Browne, _Religio Medici_, p. 32. (St. John's edit.) + + "The course of Nature is the art of God." + + Young, _Night Thoughts_, IX. + + * * * * * + + "Princes are like to heavenly bodies, which cause good or evil + times, and _which have much veneration, but no rest_." + + Bacon, _Essay 20._, "Of Empire." + + "Kings are like stars--they rise and set--_they have + The worship of the world, but no repose_." + + Shelley, _Hellas_. + +The following are not exactly parallel, but being "in pari materia," are +sufficiently curious and alike to merit annotation: + + "But the common form [of urns] with necks was a proper figure, + making our last bed like our first: nor much unlike the urns of + our nativity, while we lay in the nether part of the earth, and + inward vault of our microcosm." + + Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_, p. 221. (St. John's edit.) + + "The babe is at peace within the womb, + The corpse is at rest within the tomb. + We begin in what we end." + + Shelley, _Fragments_. + + "The grave is as the womb of the earth." + + Pearson _on the Creed_, p. 162. + + HARRY LEROY TEMPLE. + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Death Omen by Bees._--It is not wonderful that the remarkable instincts +and intelligence of the honey-bee, its domesticity, and the strong +affinity of its social habits to human institutions, should make it the +object of many superstitious observances, and I think it probable that +if enquiry be made of that class of people amongst whom such branches of +folk-lore are most frequently found lingering, other prejudices +respecting bees than those lately noticed by some of your correspondents +might be discovered. + +If the practice of making the bees acquainted with the mortuary events +of the family ever prevailed in that part of Sussex from whence I write, +I think it must be worn out, for I have not heard of it. But there is +another superstition, also appertaining to mortality, which is very +generally received, and which is probably only one of a series of such, +and amongst which it is probable the practice before-mentioned might +once be reckoned. Some years since the wife of a respectable cottager in +my neighbourhood died in childbed. Calling on the widower soon after, I +found that although deeply deploring a loss which left him several +motherless children, he spoke calmly of the fatal termination of the +poor woman's illness, as an inevitable and foregone conclusion. On being +pressed for an explanation of these sentiments, I discovered that both +him and his poor wife had been "warned" of the coming event by her going +into the garden a fortnight before her confinement, and discovering that +their bees, in the act of swarming, had made choice of a _dead hedge +stake for their settling-place_. This is generally considered as an +infallible sign of a death _in the family_, and in her situation it is +no wonder that the poor woman should take the warning to herself; +affording, too, another example of how a prediction may assist in +working out its own fulfilment. + +Seeing that another P-urveyor to your useful P-ages has assumed the same +signature as myself, for the future permit me, for contradistinction, to +be-- + + "J. P. P.," but not "CLERK OF THIS PARISH." + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + +Did Caxton ever print his name CAUSTON or CAWSTON, or is it ever found +so spelt? He tells us, in the preface or prologue to his _Recuyell of +the Historyes of Troye_, "that I was born and learned mine English in +Kent, in the Weald." The only locality in Kent which I can discover at +all approximating in its name to Caxton, is Causton, a manor in the +parish of Hadlow, in the Weald of Kent, _held of the honor of Clare_. +This manor was, in the fourteenth century, possessed by the family of +"De Causton;" how and when it passed from them I have been unable to +ascertain with certainty, possibly not long before the birth of William +Caxton. In 1436, Beatrice Bettenham entails it on the right heirs of her +son, Thomas Towne, by which entail it came into the family of Watton of +Addington Place, who owned it in 1446. The honor of Clare, and the +forest, &c. of South Frith, closely adjoining Causton, descended through +one of the co-heiresses of Gilbert de Clare to Richard Duke of York, +father of the Duchess of Burgundy and Edward IV., whose widow, Cicely, +continued in possession till her death. I name the owners of the manor +of Causton, and the chief lords of whom it was held, as affording, +perhaps, some clue to identification, should any of your correspondents +be inclined to take up the inquiry. I need hardly add that the +difference between the two names of Causton and Caxton is of little +moment should other circumstances favour the chances that Causton in +Hadlow may claim the honour of having given birth to our illustrious +printer, or that he was descended from the owners of that manor. + + L. B. L. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Mental Almanac_ (Vol. iv., p. 203.).--The additive number for this +month of December, is 6. Hence next Sunday is 1 + 6 = the 7th of +December. Christmas Day will be 25, less 20, that is 5, or Thursday. + + A. E. B. + +_Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The +first person who settled in Honduras was the celebrated buccaneer +Wallis, in 1638, from whom the principal town and river were named. The +Spaniards called it _Valis_; and _v_ and _b_ having the same +pronunciation in Spanish, it became _Balis_, then _Balize_, _Belize_, +the actual name. + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Pasquinade_ (Vol. iv., p. 292.).--Will A. B. R. allow me to correct one +or two to typographical errors in the Italian version of his clever +epigram? In the first place "_Piu_," in both places where it occurs, +should be "_Pio_," which the sense demands, while _Piu_ is downright +nonsense. What A. B. R. _intended_ to write was no doubt: + + "Quando Papa o' Cardinale + Chies' Inglese tratta male, + _Quel che_ chiamo quella gente + Pio? No-no, _ne_ sapiente." + +The alteration in the third line is required both by sense and metre, +which last is octosyllabic; and _chiamo_ is pronounced as a dissyllable, +as are also _chiesa_ and _-piente_. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Epigram on Erasmus._--The following epigram, written in a fly-leaf of a +copy of the _Epistolæ Obscuroram Virorum_, published at Frankfort, 1624, +in the possession of a friend, is commended to your notice; not, +however, without a suspicion of its having been printed already: + + "Ut Rhadamantheum stetit ante tribunal Erasmus, + Ante jocos scribens serio damnor, ait + Cui Judex, libri dant seria damna jocosi, + Si tibi culpa jocus, sit tibi poena jocus." + + _Anglicè_, T. CORBETT. + + "Erasmus standeinge fore hell's tribune said, + For writeinge iest I am in earnest paid. + The iudge replied, Iests will in earnest hurt, + Sport was thy fault, then let thy paine be sport." + + D. B. J. + +_Etymology of London._--I believe the word London has never yet received +a satisfactory explanation, and it is, perhaps, too late in the day to +try to explain it entirely. It has always, however, been supposed that +it was significant in the old British language. It has been explained as +"the town of ships," the final syllable _don_, formerly _dun_, meaning a +town. Several other explanations have been given also on the same +principle, namely, that the final syllable meant a town or fortified +place, and the first was the characteristic distinguishing it from other +towns or _duns_ in the neighbourhood. + +This mode of explanation is repugnant to the general principles of +British topographical nomenclature: for they generally put the general +name first, and the characteristic last. Might the first syllable "Lon" +not be a corruption of the British "Llan," so common yet in names of +places, and so universally retained in Wales to this day? Llan means a +level place generally, as most of your readers who are versant in those +subjects know. The _don_ is not so easily explained, but perhaps some of +your readers may be able to assist in finding a meaning. + +"Don" might indeed still mean an enclosed strong place, and the meaning +of the whole word "London" would then be _Llandun_, or "the level ground +near the fort or strong camp." Perhaps some of your correspondents may +be able to offer something confirmatory or adverse to this explanation, +and in either case I should join with the rest of your readers in +thanking them. + + M. C. E. + +_Verses on Shipmoney._-- + + "A coppy of certaine Verses dispersed in and about London in febr. + 1634 in ye 10th year of ye Raigne of ye King Charls occasioned by + ye eager prosecucon of Shipmoney, and Imprisonm'ts therefore. + + "The Cittie Cofers abounding with Treasure, + Can pay this ship Tribute, and doe poor men pleasure + To save that Pelfe: the more is the pitty, + The Grey Cloaks divide it and yet tax the Citty. + A p'sent there being small occasion for Gold + Hast thether Collectors, 'tis time it were tould + And taken from such citty Asses: + Mony whom sly Proiects easily passes, + And speedily conveyt to Court + Wher they to see it will make sport, + And set out Shipps from Puddle dock + To scoure ye seas. A pretty mock + + "If that this ship Tribute be not speedily paid + Pycrust Lord Maior saith in Newgate you shall be laid, + Wher you shall see rogues, theeves, and vile knaves, + Yet none so bad as are Tributarie Slaves. + + "If men like Pycrust could make so great gain + As xx'ty in ye hundred to Irish mens paine + For moneys lent, some reason ther were, + To pay this ship Tribute w'thout wit or feare. + + "O crewell hard Pycrust though pay all men must + This crewell hard Tribute cause thou art uniust + And favourest this Project, when laid in thy grave + All good men will say then: Parkhurst was a knave. + + "Finis." (From a MS. at Oxford.) + +_Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna._--In case you do not happen to possess +a correct copy of the inscription on Columbus's bust and tablet in the +cathedral at Havanna, I send you one, and my translation of it, for the +benefit of those who may not make out the force and beauty of the +"éloge." + + "O restos e imagen del grande Colon, + Mil siglos durad guardados en la urna, + Y en la remembranza de nuestra nacion!" + + "O remains and image of the great Columbus, + [ages] + For a thousand centuries rest ye securely in this urn, + And in the remembrance of our nation." + +The bust is a mean and ill-executed one; although a late "lady" +authoress _has_ a different opinion of its merits. It is stiff and +wooden-looking, and, still worse, the right cheek, and _side of the head +too_, are comparatively _flattened_. Within it, built into the wall, are +the "restos," the dust and bones, in the urn. Beneath the epitaph is a +date of "1822"--the year, I presume, of the bust being "set up." It +stands abreast of the altar, and on the right hand, the head of the bust +being about six feet from the ground. I visited the interesting spot +only a few days ago, as soon as possible after my landing, for the first +time, in that truly noble city the Havana (or, in the Spanish, Habana). + + A. L. + + West Indies. + + + + +Queries. + + +ADDITIONAL QUERIES RESPECTING GENERAL JAMES WOLFE. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 271. 322.) + +I beg to thank the six gentlemen who have so promptly and courteously +responded to my Queries respecting this admirable soldier. The +information they have communicated is valuable and interesting, and +tends to remove much of the obscurity that had attended my researches +into the earlier portion of his history; and I feel greatly obliged to +your correspondents. Still, some of my Queries are unanswered, and I +venture to repeat these, in the hope that the information wanted may be +elicited. + +1. Where was James Wolfe educated? + +2. His _first_, and subsequent, military services? + +3. How long was he stationed in Scotland; on what duty; and in what +places? [He was in the North in 1749 and 1750; but I have reason to +believe some years earlier.] + +4. Was he at the battle of Culloden, in 1746? + +As some of the gentlemen, in kindly answering my inquiries, have raised +certain points on which additional information may be mutually given and +received, I take leave to offer the following remarks to these +respondents, _seriatim_. + +I.--To H. G. D. + +In corroboration of your statement, that the correct date of Wolfe's +birth is 2nd January, 1727 (not 1726, as alleged by some), I am enabled +to cite his own authority. One of his autograph letters in my +possession, dated Glasgow, 2nd April, 1749, states, "_I am but +twenty-two and three months_;" which answers precisely to your time. + +You mention that his mother came from, or near, Deptford, and that her +Christian name was Henrietta. I am enabled to mention that her surname +was _Thompson_, and that her brother Edward was member of parliament for +Plymouth, prior to 1759. Does this give you any clue to Wolfe's mother's +family; and particularly whether his maternal grandfather was a military +man? + +May I further inquire-- + +1. Whether Wolfe's _father_ was a native of Westerham; or merely +quartered there when his illustrious son was born? + +2. You allude to two houses at Westerham. Were these General Edward +Wolfe's property; or if not, what had led to the family residing there +so long, as they seem, from your remarks, to have done? + +3. Who was Sir Jeffrey Amherst, and in what manner did he "patronise +Wolfe"? Was he any relation of the General Amherst, commander-in-chief +in British America, who was to have supported young Wolfe in the attack +on Quebec in 1759. + +4. Who is the present representative of Wolfe's family? + +You mention that you are uncertain when and where James Wolfe _first_ +served. I have experienced the very same difficulty. It seems strange +that his biographers have been so meagre in the details of his life. It +has been said that Wolfe's first effort in arms was as a volunteer under +his father, in the unlucky expedition against Carthagena, in 1740, +commanded by Lord Cathcart. But I cannot find proper authority for this. + +You farther state, that Wolfe was ardently attached to Colonel Barré. It +is curious enough that their introduction to each other was chiefly in +consequence of a letter which Barré carried to Wolfe, from the officer +to whom Wolfe's letters in my possession are addressed. In one of these, +dated "Portsmouth, 7th Feb. 1758," Wolfe, after speaking favourably of +Barré, states-- + + "I did not know that Barré was your friend, nor even your + acquaintance. Now that I do know it, I shall value him the + more.... I trust I shall have good reason to thank the man that + mentioned him. Nay, I am already overpaid, by the little that I + did, by drawing out of his obscurity so worthy a gentleman. I + never saw his face till very lately, nor ever spoke ten words to + him before I ventured to propose him as a Major of Brigade." + +And he adds: + + "Barré and I have the great apartment of a three-decked ship to + revel in, but, with all this space, and fresh air, I am sick to + death. Time, I suppose, will deliver me from these sufferings + [sea-sickness], though in former trials I never could overcome + it", &c. + +I cordially assent to your encomium on England's young general. + +II.--To YUNAFF. + +The lady to whom the affectionate and touching lines you have quoted +were addressed was Miss Louther, a sister of Sir James Louther; rich, +highly accomplished, and most amiable. Wolfe was to have been married to +her, had he returned from Quebec. She was very averse to his accepting +the command. But nothing could stay his military ardour, even though in +indifferent health. Well might the epithet be applied to him--"favourite +son of Minerva." + +Miss Louther was an object of general sympathy, after her brave lover's +fall; and some of the periodicals of the day contain beautiful verses, +addressed to her, appropriate to the occasion. This lady's _name_ is not +mentioned in any of Wolfe's letters in my possession; but an _allusion_ +is made to her incidentally. She was a favourite with the old general +and Mrs. Wolfe. In one of the early letters a graphic description is +given by young Wolfe of another lady of rank, with whom he was much +smitten. That was before he paid his addresses, however, to Miss +Louther. But I do not feel at liberty to break the seal of confidence +under which this information was communicated in Wolfe's letter, though +at the distance of one hundred years, by mentioning farther particulars. + +May I ask if the verses in your possession are signed by Wolfe; or in +his autograph; and dated? It would be very interesting to have precise +information, tending to identity Wolfe as the author of these lines. + +III.--To W. A. + +I shall be glad to know the contents of the petition, dated February, +1746, and of the six letters mentioned by you. They may throw some light +on Wolfe's history. Will you allow me to communicate with you on this +subject, by letter, through the Editor, as I reside at a distance from +London? + +IV.--To J. H. M. + +The packet of Wolfe's letters in my possession was never shown to +Southey. They were discovered only three years ago. I believe Southey +intended to write a memoir of Wolfe, but I am not aware that he carried +his intentions into effect. The letters in my care were published in +_Tait's Edinburgh Magazine_, December, 1849, under the title "Original +Correspondence of General Wolfe." I shall feel obliged by any +information you possess regarding the _other_ collection of Wolfe's +letters which you believe to exist. Pray, where are they to be seen? + + [Gh.] + +P.S.--Since expressing my acknowledgments to the other gentlemen who +have kindly answered some of my inquiries respecting Wolfe, I have had +the pleasure to peruse the information communicated by J. R. (Cork), and +I beg to thank him for his courtesy. The sketch he has given of Wolfe's +ancestors is very interesting, the more so, as J. R. mentions he is +himself connected with Wolfe's family. Would J. R. be kind enough to +supply information on the following additional points, viz.: + +1. In which of the English counties did Captain George Wolfe, who +escaped after the siege of Limerick, settle? + +2. Was the son of this officer (father of General Edward Wolfe) also a +military man, or a civilian; and what was his Christian name? + +3. The birth-place of General Edward Wolfe, father of the hero of +Quebec. + +Answers to these Queries would connect some of the broken links in the +history of one of the most gallant and skilful young generals that +England ever entrusted with her armies. + + [Gh.] + +General Wolfe's executor was General Warde, of the family of Squerries, +near Westerham, by whom the epitaph was written, which is now over the +south door of Westerham church. General Warde's nephew and executor was +General George Warde, who by that means became possessed of several very +interesting objects, viz., an original portrait of Wolfe, representing +him with his natural red hair. After some time the natural red was +converted, by water colours, into a powdered wig; consequently a sponge +and clean water would restore it to its original state. Another portrait +of Wolfe painted after his death by West; he is represented sitting and +consulting a plan of military operations. West has given him the same +countenance in which he appears in the celebrated picture of his death. +When West was offered the original portrait on which to form this +picture, he declined making use of it, as he had already committed +himself in the historical portrait, and it would not do for him to alter +it, and send out in his name two different portraits. Gen. G. Warde also +possessed Wolfe's short sword and black leather letter-case, and a +collection of original letters; among which was one of much interest, +where Wolfe, mentioning the flattering terms in which he was spoken of +by the public and high military authorities, says, that unwarranted +expectations were raised, and that to maintain his reputation he might +be driven into some desperate undertaking. + +I write all this from memory, but my details cannot be very far from +correct. + + GRIFFIN. + + +CHRISTIANITY, WHEN FIRST INTRODUCED INTO ORKNEY. + +Christianity is believed to have been introduced into Orkney before the +Norwegian conquest by King Harold Harfager, in 895; but the race who +inhabited the country at that period are said to have been extirpated or +driven out by the Scandinavians, who were worshippers of Odin and Thor. +In the end of the tenth century, the King of Norway, Olaf Tryggveson, +renounced Paganism for Christianity, which he forced both on Norway and +Orkney at the point of the sword. M. Depping, in his _Histoire des +Expéditions Maritimes des Normands_, tom. ii. p. 60. ed. 1826, states +that Sigurd, the second Earl of Orkney (whose brother Ronald, Earl of +Mære, the first Norwegian Earl of Orkney, was the common ancestor of the +Earls of Orkney and Dukes of Normandy), drove the Christians out of +Orkney. This was towards the beginning of the tenth century. It has been +overlooked by Barry, the local historian, or unknown to him, who +mentions (p. 123.) the introduction by King Olaf Tryggveson as either +the first introduction, or at least the final establishment of the +Christian religion. I have looked into Torfæus' _Orcades_, the +Orknayinga Saga, and the Sagas of the two kings, Harold Harfager and +Olaf Tryggveson, in Mr. Laing's translation of Snow's Hermskringla, and +have not found the expulsion of the Christians by Sigurd mentioned in +any of those works. Will some of your learned correspondents be so +obliging as to point out M. Depping's authority for this fact? I have +just now fallen in with a curious example of the rude Christianity of +the Northmen, who worshipped both Thor and Christ, and the passage is +perhaps worth quoting. Torfæus, in his _Orcades_, p. 15., mentions a +Scandinavian chief called Helgius, who lived in Iceland about 888, and +says: + + "Christianis sacris quibus infans initiatus est, per totam vitam + adhæsit, valde tamen in religionis articulis rudis; nam Thorem, ad + ardua negotia, itineraque maritima feliciter expediunda, + invocandum, cætera Christum dictitavit, tanquam cum Thore divisum + imperium habentem. Simile Witichendus Monachus et Sigebertus + Gemlansensis, de Danis, in primis religionis incunabulis, + prodidere." + + W. H. F. + + +THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607. + +This work, both in the original edition, and in the reprint of Bergomi, +1608, is reputed to be of extreme rarity. Mr. Mendham, in his _Literary +Policy of the Church of Rome Exhibited, in an Account of her Damnatory +Catalogues or Indices, both Prohibitory and Expurgatory, &c._, 2nd ed., +London, 1830, calls it "perhaps the most extraordinary and scarcest of +all this class of publications," p. 116., while all of the class are +known to be by no means of common occurrence. Clement (_Bibliothèque +Curieuse_, art. "Brasichellensis," v. ccvii.) designates the Roman +edition as "_extrêmement_ rare;" and (note 48., p. 211 a.) says of the +other, "cette édition de Bergame est encore plus rare que celle de +Rome." + +Now Clement informs us that "on a copié l'édition de Rome de 1607 à +Ratisbonne, vers l'an 1723, sur de beau papier;" and Mr. Mendham says +that this was done by "Serpilius, a priest of Ratisbon, in 1723," and +that the copy so closely resembled the original "as to admit of its +being represented as the same." Accordingly, Clement says that it was +furtively sold as the genuine work, until the announcement of an +intended reprint by Hessel, at Altorff, in 1742, induced the owner of +the remainder of the Ratisbon counterfeit to avow his fraud. Then, Mr. +Mendham says, it "appeared with a new title-page, as a second edition." +Of _that_ circumstance Clement makes no mention. + +"The original and counterfeit editions of this peculiar work are +sufficiently alike to deceive any person who should not examine them in +literal juxtaposition; but upon such examination the deception is easily +apparent," says Mr. Mendham, p. 131. The natural inference from this is, +that _he has_ so examined them. + +His mention of the Bodleian "copy of the original edition" may warrant +the belief that he has made use of it. The fact that Dr. James, "chief +keeper" of the Bodleian, used and cited the Roman edition in his +_Treatise of the Corruptions of Scripture, Councils and Fathers, &c._ in +1612, may further warrant the belief that the copy in that library is an +indubitable original, placed where it is before the counterfeit was +gotten up. + +If these inferences are correct, I have, what I much desire, a criterion +by which to distinguish the counterfeit from the genuine Roman edition. +Yet I hardly dare to trust it, because it involves a charge of +carelessness against Clement, who is not often justly liable to such +reproach. + +He says, "J'ai eu le bonheur d'acquérir l'édition originale de Rome." He +therefore either copied the title of what he thought a genuine edition, +or carelessly substituted that of the counterfeit. + +Now I have a copy of what purports to be the Roman edition, the title of +which, agreeing exactly neither with Clement nor with the title given by +Mr. Mendham (p. 116.), yet coincides with the latter in one curious +particular, which seems to identify it with Mr. Mendham's genuine +original, while its rare disagreements from Clement's distinguish it +from that. Mr. Mendham's transcript of the title runs: + + "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti. + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri præ cæteris + desiderati emendantur, Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et publicæ + commoditati æditus. Romæ, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. MDCVII. + Superiorum Permissu." + +In this there are two observable peculiarities: 1. The full-stop after +"confecti," breaking the grammatical construction; 2. The omission of +such a stop (as a sign of contraction) after the portion of a word, +"Brasichellen," from which the final syllable "sem" has been dropped, as +appears in the archetype, for want of room. + +That Mr. Mendham faithfully copied this last peculiarity is shown by his +own singular misconception of the word, which he has taken to be +complete, and on p. 130. writes of "_Brasichellen_, or _Guanzellus_;" a +mistake into which he has been led by Jugler, whom he is there +reporting; Jugler, as quoted in the note, seeming to have been led into +it by Zobelius. + +The peculiarity which has thus led Mr. Mendham, and before him Zobelius +and Jugler, into error, does not appear in Clement's title. It runs: + + "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti, + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri præ cæteris + desiderati emendantur. Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen. Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et publicæ + commoditati æditus. Romæ, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII. + Superiorum Permissu." + +Both the peculiarities pointed out in Mendham's copy are wanting in +this; and a third difference is, that where Mendham, after "emendantur," +has a comma, this has a full-stop. All these differences are +corrections, and therefore more likely to be found in a reprint, than +the reverse. + +My copy agrees with Mendham in the two peculiarities first remarked; but +with Clement in the last. It has, beside, another peculiarity which +neither has retained, but resembling those of Mendham's copy. After the +word "auctorum" there is a full-stop, breaking the grammatical +construction just as that after "confecti" does. + +These circumstances lead me to think my copy one of the genuine edition, +and to suppose that Mendham's was of the same; in which case, Clement +must have either carelessly given the title of the counterfeit, while he +had the genuine at hand (as he says); or, still more carelessly, +miscopied the genuine; or deceived himself with the belief that he had +the genuine, while he had only a counterfeit. + +It is singular that there is room for a similar doubt about the Bergomi +edition of this work. Of that, too, I have what purports to be a copy; +but am led by Clement's description of the Altorff edition to have +misgivings that it may have been made as studiously a counterfeit of the +Bergomi edition, as its predecessor of Ratisbon had been of that of +Rome. In all the particulars of which Clement says, "Ceux qui auront +l'édition de Bergame, pourront juger sur ce détail, si la copie +d'Altorff la représente exactement ou non," my copy _does_ agree with +his description; and it may be that some of the Altorff copies bear a +false title, with Bergomi as the imprint. + +The genuineness of this book is of no ordinary interest. It is one of +the most damaging witnesses against Rome, to convict her of conscious +fraud. How much its evidence is dreaded, is proved by the industrious +suppression that has made it of so great rarity. + +May I not hope, therefore, that some of your readers who have access to +the Bodleian will inform me through your columns-- + +1. Whether any copy there, purporting to be of the Roman edition, can be +identified as having been in the library before 1723? + +2. Whether the title of such copy (if there be any) agree with Mr. +Mendham's, or Clement's, or mine? + +3. Whether there is in that library (or elsewhere in England) an +undoubted copy of the Bergomi edition? + +A copy of the titles of the Ratisbon and Altorff editions would also be +desirable; and (if they could be identified) any distinguishing note of +the Ratisbon counterfeit, _e.g._ the signature marks of its preliminary +sheet. + + U. U. + + Baltimore, U. S. A. + + +Minor Queries. + +313. _"The Don," a Poem._--This is an old work illustrative of the local +antiquities, ancient families, castles, &c., on the banks of the Don, in +Aberdeenshire. It is said to have been written during the usurpation of +Oliver Cromwell by a Mr. Forbes of Brux, in the immediate neighbourhood. +One of the ablest of our local antiquaries states, that he has never +been able to satisfy himself of the existence of any edition of that +poem earlier than that of the quarto one of 1742, which seems to have +been reprinted from an edition of the year 1655; but is so thoroughly +redolent of the spirit of a later age, that it is not possible to +believe it to have been written in the seventeenth century. All +subsequent editions (and they have been numerous) have reference to an +edition of 1655. In 1655, it is said to have been originally written by +a Mr. Forbes of Brux, as before stated, and published the same year, +with a few historical notes, and reprinted in 1674; and again in 1742, +with little or no alteration, and continued in that state until 1796; +when Mr. Charles Dawson, schoolmaster of Kemnay, added a few more notes, +and offered it to the public as his own composition in a small 12mo. +pamphlet!!! price 4_d._; which met with such encouragement, that a +second edition appeared in 1798, with more copious notes, price 6_d._ An +enlarged edition in 8vo. was published in Edinburgh in 1814. In 1819, +Mr. Peter Buchan of Peterhead, the editor of _Scottish Ballads_, +_Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads_, &c. &c., published an edition, price +6_d._, which sold well; and in 1849, another edition was printed at the +Hattonian Press, Fintray, Aberdeenshire, by John Cumming. I should be +glad to hear if any of your correspondents have seen an edition of 1655 +or 1674? + + STONEHAVEN. + +314. _John Lord Frescheville._--It is stated in the printed notices of +this individual, with whom expired, in 1682, the barony of Frescheville +of Stavely, co. Derb., that he was engaged, on the side of the king, at +the battle of Edge Hill. I have no reason to doubt the truth of the +statement: but I should like to know whether his name occurs in any of +the contemporary accounts of the fight at that place, or rather Keynton; +or whether he is anywhere mentioned in the royal musters. I think a +correspondent of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" indicated an acquaintance with +some local information relative to this affair, and the persons engaged +in it. + + D. + +315. _Meaning of_ "_Pallant._"--While staying in the neighbourhood of a +small country town in the south of England, I was requested to drive a +friend to call on an acquaintance who lived in _The Pallant_ in the said +town. The word being an uncommon one, we naturally conversed on its +probable derivation and meaning, but without arriving at a satisfactory +conclusion. I have since seen it used in a number of Dickens' _Household +Words_, where the scene of a ghost story is laid in an old house, or +street (I forget which), called _The Pallant_. What is its true +signification? + + A DEVONIAN. + +316. _Rectitudines Singularum Personarum._--This interesting Anglo-Saxon +document is necessarily well known to many of your readers. Will they +favor me with a Note, stating what they consider to be its date? In the +mean time, I will say that it is not improbable that the date may be +referrible to _temp._ Ethelredi II. The service of _Sæ weard_ is +insisted upon, and it is fair to suppose that such would not have been +the case if the _textus_ had been written at a period anterior to those +times, when the coast was wasted by the piratical incursions of the +Northmen. In the title "thegnes riht" it is mentioned in priority to +"heafod weard" and "fyrdweard." It is again mentioned in the title +"cotsetlan riht." This document was doubtless written by a priest, and +probably by a secular one, for some of its concluding words show a +habit, or at least a possibility, of migration on the part of the +writer, viz.: + + "Be thære theode theawe, the we thænne onwuniath." + +The Latin translation, which accompanies the original, is of a date +manifestly later than the Norman Conquest. The phraseology which it +exhibits, and the gross mistakes which it contains, are sufficient +evidence of the fact. + +In the title "be thaw the beon bewitath," the words "self lædan" are +translated "ipse minare." Sometimes the translator does not understand +his original: in the first title he converts "bocriht" into "testamenti +rectitudo;" and of the words "sceorp to frithscipe," he leaves the first +word as he finds it. + + H. C. C. + +317. _Sir Henry Tichborne's Journal._--I should be obliged to any of +your numerous correspondents or readers for any information given +respecting a diurnal written by Sir Henry Tichborne, third baronet of +Tichborne, co. Hants, of his _Travells into France, Italy, Loretto, +Rome, and other places, in the years 1675, 1676, and 1678_. + +Is the original in existence, or where might this MS. be found? Has any +of your readers seen or heard of it? + +I may here remark it is not in the possession of the family, neither +have they yet been able to trace it. + + THE WHITE ROSE. + + Winchester. + +318. _Round Towers at Bhaugulpore._--Lord Valentia (_Travels to India, +&c._) gives views of these towers, and the following description of +them:-- + + "They much resemble those buildings in Ireland, which have + hitherto puzzled the antiquaries of the sister kingdoms, excepting + that they are more ornamented. It is singular that there is no + tradition concerning them, nor are they held in any respect by the + Hindoos of this country. The Rajah of Jyenagur considers them as + holy, and has erected a small building to shelter the great number + of his subjects, who annually come to worship here." + +This is but a meagre account of them; and if any of your readers can +give further information respecting them, and especially on the religion +of those who go to worship at them, they will confer a great favour on +your querist. Bhaugulpore seems to be about half-way between Calcutta +and Patna, at some distance off the great road; and Jyenagur must be +some 800 miles distant. The dominant race in the latter are Rajpoots, +but there appear to be inferior races; which are the worshippers? What +is the meaning of Bhaugulpore? has it any relation to Baal? Jeypoor is +another name for Jyenagur. + + DE CAMERA. + +319. _Johannes Trithemius._--In my possession is a book entitled _Liber +de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis_, by the above author; the date of its +publication 1494. Can any one inform me who Trithemius was, and whether +the book, in point of accuracy, is to be relied on? + + A. W. H. + +320. _Races in which Children are named after the Mothers._--Will some +correspondent favour me with a list of the races in which the children +are named, or take their titles, or inherit property after their +mothers, and not after their fathers; and where descent in any form is +reckoned on the mother's side? I have a list of some, but I fear a very +imperfect one; and all additions to it, with a memorandum of the +authority on which the statement is made, will be very valuable to me. I +wish the instances to be fetched as well from ancient as from modern +nations. + + THEOPHYLACT. + +321. _Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, and Residents from Foreign +Courts._--Will any of your readers inform me where there may be found +the best, or any list of personages filling these diplomatic posts, +between the 1st of King Henry VIII. and the end of the reign of King +James II.? + + S. E. G. + +322. _Critolaus and the Horatii and Curiatii._--Has any writer on early +Roman history noticed the extraordinary similarity, even in the minutest +particulars, of the combat between the Horatii and Curiatii, followed by +the murder of a sister of the former by her brother, for mourning for +one of the opposite party, to whom she was betrothed, to the similar +circumstances related of Critolaus the Tegean? The chances of two such +transactions resembling each other so closely appear so very small, that +there can be no doubt of one story being a copy of the other: but which +was the original? I have no doubt the Roman historians adopted this tale +from the Greeks, to diversify the barren pages of their early history. +At all events, such a person as Critolaus undoubtedly existed, which is +more than can be averred of the Roman hero. (See _Encyc. Brit._, art. +"Critolaus.") + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica. + +323. _Cabal._--I should like to know the earliest use of this word as +signifying "a secret council," and, as a verb, "to plot or intrigue." +Pepys applies it to the king's confidential advisers several years +before the date (1672) when Burnet remarks that the word was composed of +the initials of the five chief ministers; and Dryden uses the verb in +the sense I have mentioned. Can any of your correspondents trace either +verb or noun to an earlier period, or explain this application of it? +The Hebrew verb _kibbal_ signifies "to receive;" and the _Cabbala_ was +so called from its being "traditionary," not from its being "secret." A +popular error on this point may, however, have given rise to the +above-mentioned application of the word. + + E. H. D. D. + +324. "_Thus said the Ravens black._"--In what modern poem or ballad do +the following or similar lines occur? + + ---- "thus said the ravens black, + We have been to Cordova, and we're just come back." + + D. B. J. + +325. _Symbols in Painting._--In a painting of the Crucifixion by Guido +(?) the following accessories are introduced, the meaning of which I +cannot discover: the persons present are four, two of whom are evidently +the Virgin and St. John; but the other two, who are both old men, are +doubtful. On the ground, at the foot of the cross, is a skull and some +bones; and at one side of the picture is a monster, somewhat like a +gigantic toad, with his foot on a book; and at the other side lies a +bell, with a twisted cord attached to it: the monster and the skull +might be symbolical of sin and death, but what can the bell mean? It is +a singular object for an artist to have introduced without some +particular meaning; but the only instance I know of its use, is in the +pictures of St. Anthony (in the fourth century), who is generally +represented with a bell in his hand. Perhaps some of your correspondents +may be able to explain its meaning in this painting. Can the handbell +rung in Roman Catholic churches at the elevation of the host have any +connexion with the subject in question? + + B. N. C. + + Oxford. + +326. _Latin Verse on Franklin._--Can you inform me who wrote the line on +Franklin: + + "Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque Tyrannis?" + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + +327. _General Moyle._--Who was General John Moyle, who died about 1738? +He resided, if he did not die, in Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk. + + BURIENSIS. + +328. _Musical Compositions of Matthew Dubourg._--I am induced, while +preparing for the press a new edition of my _opusculum_ on the _violin_, +to seek your kind mediatorial aid in behalf of an object which some one +or other of your correspondents, acquainted with Irish matters of the +last century, may _possibly_ enable me to attain. I am desirous of +learning whether there be _extant_ any of the musical compositions +(especially the violin _solos_ and _concertos_) of my progenitor, +Matthew Dubourg, who held the post of director and composer to the +king's band in Ireland, from 1728 until, I believe, his death in 1767. + +As I do not know that any of these compositions (which appear to have +been called forth by immediate occasions) were ever _printed_, my hope +of now tracing them out is perhaps more lively than rational. If they +have existed only in a manuscript state, it is but too possible that the +barbarian gripe of the butterman may long ago have suppressed what +vitality was in them. I cannot, however, relinquish the idea that a +dusty oblivion, and not absolute destruction, may be the amount of what +they have undergone; and that they _may_ still exist in such condition +as to be, at least, more susceptible of resuscitation than disinterred +_mummies_. I have the honour to be, Sir, yours wistfully, + + G. DUBOURG. + + Brighton. + +329. _Collodion, and its Application to Photography._--May I ask for +information as to the first discoverer of Collodion, and the origin or +derivation of the name? I should also be glad to know by whom it was +first applied to photogenic purposes. + + A PHOTOGRAPHER. + +330. _Engraved Portrait._--Will some of your correspondents who are +conversant with the history of engraved English heads, oblige me by +naming the original of a copper-plate print in my possession, and also +with the conclusion of the verses beneath, the lower part of the plate +being mutilated. The verses, as far as I have them, run thus: + + "Here you may see an honest face, + Arm'd against envy and disgrace; + Who lives respected still in spite + . . . . . . . . ." + +The addition of the names of the painter and engraver will increase the +obligation. + + HENRY CAMPKIN. + +331. _Lines by Lord Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to +forgive her Son when on her Death-bed._--In Coxe's _Life of Sir Robert +Walpole_ (vol. i. p. 549.), we read, in the account of the death of +Queen Caroline, as follows: + + "The tongue of slander has even reproached her with maintaining + her implacability to the hour of death, and refusing her pardon to + the prince, who had humbly requested to receive her blessing. To + this imputation Chesterfield alludes in a copy of verses + circulated at the time: + + "'And unforgiving, unforgiven dies.'" + +Can any of your readers refer me to the remainder of this copy of +verses? + + PROEM. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Kimmeroi, Cimbri, Cymry._--There appears to be a growing belief that +the Gomeridæ of the Bible, the Kimmeroi of the Greeks, the Cimbri of the +Romans, and the Cymry or Kymry of Wales, belong to the same family; the +few words remaining of their language are to all appearance Kymraeg; and +recently there was some likelihood of having more light thrown upon this +subject. Kohl, the German traveller, visited the remnant of the Cimbri +defeated by Marius, and was told that "_sette commune parlano Cimbro_." +Is the language of these Lombard Kimbri like that of the Kymry of Wales? +M. Kohl states that a professor at Padua was about to publish the +remains of their language; but I have not seen any subsequent notice +respecting them. The inquiry is highly interesting, and will I trust be +taken up by some persons who may be in position to obtain further +information; and I hope soon to see a few specimens of their language in +"NOTES AND QUERIES." + +Ritson, in the notes to his work on the Celts, has these remarks on the +language of this Cimbric remnant: + + "Their language, which was thought to be a corrupt German, was + found upon closer inquiry to be very pure Danish. Signor Marco + Pezzo has written a very learned dissertation on this + subject."--Page 288. + +What is the title of this work? I am very desirous to obtain further +information on this subject, and invite attention to this people and +their Kimbro speech. + + T. STEPHENS. + + Merthyr Tydfil. + + [The title of Pezzo's work is, _Dei Cimbri Veronesi, e Vicentini_, + libri ii. Terza edizione. 8vo. Verona, 1763. This edition is in + the British Museum.] + +_Dictionary of Musicians._--I have now before me _A Dictionary of +Musicians_, &c., second edition, 2 vols. 8vo., Longman and others, 1827. +I should be glad to know whether there is any more recent edition, or +anybody engaged in preparing one; or whether there is any more recent +and complete work of the kind. This one contains much information, but +might be greatly improved by omissions, corrections, and additions. + + AN AMATEUR. + + [_The Biographical Dictionary of Musicians_ noticed by our + correspondent is very incorrect in its details. There is another + work of the same kind in preparation, but is not expected to be + published for some months. The latest works on the subject are the + German _Lexicon der Tonkunst_ in several 8vo. volumes, and that by + M. Fetis, which appeared about four years since at Brussels, and + pronounced both comprehensive and correct.] + +_City of London Charter._--What was the cause of the City charter being +forfeited in the year 1683? + +In a trial, _The King_ v. _The City of London_, judgment was given +against the City, whereby the charter was forfeited. + + S. E. G. + + [An information brought against the Mayor and citizens of London + was "for usurping of divers franchises and liberties within the + said city, and for assuming to themselves an unlawful power to + levy several great sums of money, as well upon the said citizens + of London as strangers; and in particular upon those which come to + the markets of the said city, by colour of the laws and ordinances + in their Common Council by them in fact ordained and established, + without any other right or authority." The circumstance which gave + occasion for this _quo warranto_ to be brought against the City + charter, was a petition the Court of Aldermen and City made to the + King, upon his prorogation of Parliament, when they were going to + try several noblemen concerned in the Popish plot; but especially + for their printing and publishing the petition, which was + considered seditious. For particulars relating to this celebrated + trial, we must refer our correspondent to the following + tracts:--_The Case of the Charter of London Stated_, fol. 1683. + This is an ingenious treatise against the charter. _A Defence of + the Charter and Municipal Rights of the City of London_, by Thomas + Hunt, 4to.; _The Lawyer Outlawed; or a Brief Answer to Mr. Hunt's + Defence of the Charter_, 4to. 1683; _The Forfeitures of London's + Charter, or an Impartial Account of the several Seisures of the + City Charter_, 4to. 1682; _Reflections on the City Charter, and + Writ of Quo Warranto_, 4to. 1682; _The City of London's Plea to + the Quo Warranto_, (an information) _brought against their Charter + in Michaelmas Term_, 1681, fol. 1682. A summary account of the + whole proceedings will be found in Maitland's _History of London_, + vol. i. pp. 473-484.] + +_St. Alkald._--Upon looking over a sheet of the Ordnance Map lately +published, on which part of the parish of Giggleswick is laid down, I +find that the patron saint, to whom the church is dedicated, is St. +Alkald. No calendar that I have access to mentions any such saint. I +shall be obliged by any of your correspondents giving me some account of +him, or referring me to any book where I may read his history. + + F. W. J. + + [In _The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated_, published + by Parker of Oxford, p. 181., our querist will find + + "_S. Alkald_ or _Alkilda_ was commemorated March 28. The church of + Giggleswick, Yorkshire, is named in honour of this saint, and the + Collegiate Church of Middleham in the same county in the joint + names of SS. Mary and Alkald."] + + + + +Replies. + + +PLAIDS AND TARTANS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 107.) + +I am not going to enter into the controversy respecting the antiquity of +the _Highland_ kilt and tartans, nor when and where they were invented. +But in reference to these questions, I beg leave to cite a passage, +which may be found in the second book of the _History_ of Tacitus, in +which is designated a garb having a very distinct analogy to the _trews_ +and tartans of the Highland chiefs. + +In lib. ii. sec. xx. the return of Cæcina from Germany into Italy is +thus described:-- + + "At Cæcina, velut relictâ post Alpes sævitiâ ac licentiâ, modesto + agmine per Italiam incessit. Ornatum ipsius, municipia et coloniæ + in superbiam trahebant, quod _versicolore sagulo, bruccas_ tegmen + barbarum, indutus, togatos adloqueretur." + +Cæcina and Valens had been the Imperial "Legati" in Upper Germany, and +the former is thus described in lib. i. sec. liii.:-- + + "At in superiore Germaniâ, Cæcina decorâ juventâ, corpore ingens, + animi immodicus, scito sermone, erecto incessu studia militum + inlexerat." + +So it seems that this handsome Roman, "great in stature," and "graceful +in youth," thought (like many of our modern fine gentlemen when they get +among the hills) the partycoloured plaid and barbarian clothing so +extremely becoming, that he was determined to set the fashion of wearing +it in Italy, and actually was intrepid enough to appear like a male +Bloomer before the astonished eyes of the "Togati," and to answer the +addresses of the "Municipia" and "Coloniæ" clad in this outlandish +costume. + +I leave to more learned antiquaries the task of tracing this Celtic +habit, "in superiore Germaniâ," into the Scottish Highlands. For myself +I have little doubt that from the earliest division of the community +into septs or clans, the chiefs assumed the pattern of this "tegmen +versicolor" which best pleased them, and in course of time the pattern +distinguished the wearers as belonging to such and such chiefs. As to +the kilt, in all probability it was the apology for nudity. + +The chiefs wore the trews, the humbler vassals or serfs either wore no +nether garments at all, or covered their loins with a scanty apron, +which gradually comprising more ample folds, has been modernised into +the kilt. + +But I beg leave to put forward these speculations with all possible +modesty, feeling quite inadequate to discuss such momentous matters from +being only + + A BORDERER. + + +RELIGIOUS STATISTICS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 382.) + +I have a memorandum (not dated) which states that M. Pradt, in his work +on _Ancient and Modern Jesuitism_, gives curious calculations on the +religious statistics of the world. The terrestrial globe, he estimates, +contains 670,000,000 inhabitants, who are thus divided:-- + + Catholics 120,000,000 + Protestants and their dependants 40,000,000 + Of the Greek Church 36,000,000 + Jews 4,000,000 + Mahomedans 70,000,000 + Idolators 400,000,000 + +Of these, China alone, according to the most probable accounts, contains +300,000,000. + +An elaborate, valuable, and now, I believe, a scarce work, entitled _The +Consumption of Public Wealth by the Clergy of every Christian Nation_, +&c. (published by Effingham Wilson in 1822), among details, founded on +authorities of repute, and which are named, gives for each nation, +"France," "Scotland" (its Kirk), "Spain," "Portuguese Church," +"Hungarian Churches," "Clergy in Italy," "Clergy in Austria," "Clergy in +Prussia," "Clergy in Russia," "England and Wales," "Established Church +Property Ireland," &c. &c., the particulars required by Q. E. D. For +instance, under the heading "Hungarian Churches," we are preliminarily +told that-- + + "Hungary contains about 8,000,000 people of various religious + persuasions, who live happily together ever since the days of that + excellent Emperor Joseph II. He laboured resolutely and + successfully, in spite of the bigots of his own religion by whom + he was surrounded, to root out the evils of religious discord from + his dominions; and he left, as a glorious legacy to his people, + for which his memory will be ever dear, the blessings of concord + and harmony between his subjects of all denominations." + +It is then narrated that there are (in Hungary): + + "Catholics, Latin and Greek 4,750,000 + Greek Church 1,150,000 + Calvinists 1,050,000 + Lutherans 650,000 + Unitarian Christians 46,000 + Various small Christian Sects, and + persons of the Jewish faith 200,000." + +But this work contains no summary of the total amounts of its own +enumerations. + + A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. + + +ROYAL LIBRARY. + +(Vol. iii., p. 427.; Vol. iv., pp. 69. 154.) + +Your correspondent J. H. M. remarks (Vol. iv., p. 69.): "In justice to +King George IV., the letter which he addressed to the late Earl of +Liverpool, on presenting the books to his own subjects, should be +printed in your columns." Heartily concurring in this opinion, I have +much pleasure in supplying your readers with a transcript of the same. I +copied it some years back from the original, then in the possession of a +noble friend: + + "Dear Lord Liverpool,--The king, my late revered and excellent + father, having formed, during a long period of years, a most + valuable and extensive library, consisting of about one hundred + and twenty thousand volumes, I have resolved to present this + collection to the British nation. Whilst I have the satisfaction + by this means of advancing the literature of my country, I also + feel that I am paying a just tribute to the memory of a parent, + whose life was adorned with every public and private virtue. I + desire to add, that I have great pleasure, my lord, in making this + communication through you. Believe me, with great regard, your + sincere friend, + + "G. R. + + "Pavilion, Brighton, 15th of January, 1823." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +Your correspondent C. says, "the whole story of the projected sale to +Russia is absolutely unfounded." He seems to consider that, because the +Princess Lieven never heard a syllable about the matter, the whole story +was unfounded--that is, that when a part of a story is untrue the whole +must be untrue. What is really the truth I do not positively _know_; but +I will give you the story, as I heard it at the time, from one who had +good means of information. George IV. disliked the expense of keeping up +the Royal Library; he was also occasionally out of temper at the claims +made or insinuated by some members of the family, that as the library +had not been bequeathed, they had all an equal property in it. To get +rid of the expense and the claims he resolved to dispose of it, and said +something about this wish at his own dinner-table. This was, perhaps, in +the presence of the Russian ambassador, or some distinguished Russian, +or at least came to his ears; and he spoke to Lord Liverpool upon the +subject, expressing a desire to purchase. Lord L. immediately waited +upon the king, and remonstrated in the strongest terms against allowing +such a library collected by a king of England to be sent out of the +country; and went so far as to say that he would resign his office if +the measure was persisted in. The king then resolved to relieve himself +from all annoyance about the matter by presenting it to the nation. Such +I believe to be the outline of the truth: the minute details I did not +"make a Note" of at the time, and will not trust my memory to relate +them. + + GRIFFIN. + + +DAMASKED LINEN. + +(Vol. ii., p. 199.; Vol. iii., pp. 13. 229.) + +In the subjoined account of some old patterns, I have, for the sake of +brevity, enclosed in brackets the descriptions of the several objects +represented, beginning with the highest and most distant. The words +enclosed within inverted commas are the inscriptions. + + No. I. + [Two horsemen, with steel-caps, riding away at speed.] + [Crown.] + "PVRSV'D BY MEN. PRESERV'D BY GOD." + [Crown.] [Crown.] + [Oak branches surrounding a head surmounted + with a low-crowned hat and flowing wig.] + +I may mention that this bears the mark of an ancestor of its present +possessor, who was about forty years of age at the time of the +Restoration, and died in 1707. + + No. II. + "SISTE SOL IN GIBEON ET LVNA IN VALLE IAALON." + [Sun] "RIS" [Moon] "SEL." + [Fortified town.] + [Mortars throwing shells into the town.] + [Tents and cannon.] + [Trophy] "EGENIVS." [Trophy.] + [Equestrian figure holding a baton.] + +Can any of your readers be so good as to explain the allusion of the +above ungainly and somewhat profane compliment to Prince Eugene? + + No. III. + "STAD ANT + WERPEN." + [City gate.] + [Water with ships.] + "DER HERTZOG VON MARLBORVK." + [Equestrian figure in the proper costume, holding a baton.] + +The above probably commemorates the surrender of Antwerp to the allied +armies soon after the battle of Ramillies, May 27, 1706. + + No. IV. + "CAROLVS KÖNIG IN SPANIGEN." + [Equestrian figure.] + [Trophy of arms and banners.] + "MADRIED." + [City and gates.] + [Batteries with cannon planted.] + +I presume this must refer to the short-lived triumph of Charles +(afterwards Emperor of Germany), who was crowned King of Spain at Vienna +in 1703, and entered Madrid in 1706. + + No. V. + [City.] + [River with boats.] + [Cannon and mortars.] + [Tents and halberdiers, and arms strewn about on the ground.] + "KÖNIG GEORGE." + [Crown.] [Crown.] + [Harp.] [Harp.] + [Equestrian figure holding a sceptre.] + +Will some one be so kind as to explain the meaning of this design? + +I may mention that there is little doubt that this cloth, as well as the +others, belonged to the son of the gentleman before mentioned, and that +it is very unlikely that it ever belonged to the royal household. This +may perhaps affect the inference of your correspondent H. W. D. from the +inscription "Der König Georg II." (Vol. iii., p. 229.). + + No. VI. + [A group of figures:--On the right an eastern + monarch standing, and in an attitude of command + towards a female figure on the left, who + is stooping down to put something into the + gaping mouth of a dragon, while with her left + hand she points towards the king. Behind the + woman are three men turning towards the king + in attitudes of entreaty.] + "BABYLON." + [A man and woman kneeling down, with hands + raised as in supplication or astonishment.] + "DANIEL, XIIII." + [A tree with two birds in it. In front of the tree + an angel flying downwards; and underneath, a + man in the same attitude, holding a vessel + shaped like a pitch-kettle in the left hand, and + what appears to be a small loaf or cake in the + right.] + +All the above figures are in oriental costume. The date of this cloth +_cannot_ be later than about 1720. In each case the pattern is repeated +in rows; the alternate rows being reversed so that on whichever side the +cloth is turned, half of the patterns have the inscriptions legible. + + W. S. T. + + +VERMIN, PAYMENTS FOR DESTRUCTION OF. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 208. 389.) + +The authority by which churchwardens paid for the destruction of vermin, +is by acts of parliament (8 Eliz. cap. 15. and 14 Eliz. cap. 11.), but +_not AS churchwardens_; and the payment for vermin out of the +_church-rate_ is illegal: but they are _ex officio_ appointed by the +statutes quoted, "with six other parishioners," as shown by FRANCISCUS, +Vol. iv., p. 389. + +There can be no doubt, that in course of time this assessment got into +desuetude; that churchwardens, being the "distributors," they charged it +on the _church-rate_ by way of simplifying the machinery. This, and +other duties of churchwardens and other parish officers, many of which +have become obsolete, may be seen in Lambard's _Eirenarcha, or Office of +the Justice of the Peace_, first published in 1581, which passed through +many editions from that date to 1637. The work is commended by +Blackstone as deserving the perusal of students. + +With regard to the old names of vermin, _Glead_ and _Ringteal_ are +described by Osbaldiston, in his _Dictionary of Recreation_, as a sort +of kite; the latter with whitish feathers about the tail. _Greas'-head_ +and _Baggar_ he does not notice. May they not be provincialisms? + + H. T. ELLACOMBE + + Clyst St. George. + +In further illustration of this Query, and of J. EASTWOOD'S reply (p. +389.), may be quoted:-- + + "That the distributers of the provision for the destruction of + noysome foule and vermine being chosen, and having money [as + before shown by me, Vol. iv., p. 389.], shall give and pay the + same money so to them delivered, to every person that shall bring + to them any heades of old crowes, choughes, pies, or rookes, taken + within the several parishes, for the heads of every three of them + a peny; and for the heads of every sixe young crowes, choughes, + pyes, or rookes, taken, as is aforesaid, a peny; and for every + sixe egges of any of them unbroken, a peny; and likewise for every + twelve stares heades, a peny. All which said heads and egges, the + said distributers in some convenient place shall keep, and shall + every moneth at the least bring foorth the same before the said + churchwardens and taxors, or three of them, and then and there to + them shall make a true account in writing, what money they have + laid forth and paid for such heads and egges, and for the heads of + such other raveinous birds and vermine, as are hereafter + mentioned, that is to say: + + "For everie head of merton, haukes, fursekite, + moldkite, bussard, scag, carmerant, or ringtaile iid + For every two egges of them id + For every iron or ospraies heads iiiid + For the head of every woodwall, pie, jay, raven, + or kite id + For the head of every bird which is called the + kingsfisher id + For the head of every bulfinsh, or other birde + that devoureth the blouth of fruit id + For the heads of every foxe or gray xiid + For the head of every fichewe, polcat, wesell, + stote, faire, badger, or wildecat id + For the heads of every otter or hedghog iid + For the heads of every three rats or twelve mice id + For the heads of every moldwarpe or want, an + halfe-penie. + + "All which sayd heads and egges shall be foorthwith, after such + account made in the presence of the sayd churchwardens and taxors, + or of three of them, burned, consumed, or cut in sunder."--Vid. 8 + Eliz. c. 15.; 14 Eliz. c 11.; and 39 Eliz. c. 18. + + FRANCISCUS. + + +WAS RALEIGH IN VIRGINIA? + +(Vol. iv., pp. 190. 241.) + +Raleigh never visited Virginia. The numerous expeditions thither, set on +foot by him, and in which he had so large a concern as to cause them to +be called _his_ voyages, no doubt gave rise to the popular error. + +We first find Raleigh's name, in connexion with discovery in North +America, in 1579. In that year Sir Humphrey Gilbert, his stepbrother, +prevailed upon him to join in a projected voyage. The accounts of this +voyage are very scanty: all, I believe, that is known on the subject is +to be found in Hakluyt, vol. iii. p. 146., in the following words: + + "Others failed of their promises contracted, and the greater + number were dispersed, leaving the Generall with few of his + assured friends, with whom he adventured to sea; where having + tasted of no lesse misfortune, he was shortly driven to retire + home with the losse of a tall ship, and (more to his grief) of a + valiant gentleman, Miles Morgan." + +It will be observed that Raleigh's name is not mentioned, the "Generall" +being Gilbert. It appears, however, to be generally assumed by his +biographers that he did accompany this expedition in person. It may, at +all events, be predicated with tolerable certainty, that Raleigh was not +amongst those who deserted Sir Humphrey. Tytler adds the following +particulars, in his _Life of Raleigh_ (Edinburgh, 1833), p. 27., on the +authority of Oldys's _Life of Raleigh_, pp. 28, 29.: + + "On its homeward passage the small squadron of Gilbert was + dispersed and disabled by a Spanish fleet, and many of the company + were slain; but, perhaps owing to the disastrous issue of the + fight, it has been slightly noticed by the English historians." + +Schomburgk adds, in the Introduction to his reprint of Raleigh's +_Guiana_, published for the Hakluyt Society in 1848, also on the +authority of Oldys, that during the engagement "Raleigh was exposed to +great danger." + +We may therefore assume that he did sail with Gilbert on this occasion. +There is no appearance, however, of the expedition having reached +America at all; and most certainly Virginia was not then visited. + +The next voyage undertaken by Gilbert was in 1583. Raleigh took a great +interest in this expedition, and fitted out a barque of two hundred +tons, which bore his name; and although the "most puissant" vessel in +the fleet, it only ranked as "Vice-admirall." The "Delight, _alias_ the +George, of burthen 120 tunnes, was Admirall, in which went the +Generall." They "began their voyage upon Tuesday, the eleventh day of +June, in the yere of our Lord 1583;" but "about midnight" of the 13th +June, "the Vice-admirall forsooke us, notwithstanding that we had the +winde east, faire, and good. But it was after credibly reported that +they were infected with a contagious sickness, and arrived greatly +distressed at Plimmouth.... Sure I am no cost was spared by their owner, +Master Raleigh, in setting them forth." So writes worthy Master Hayes, +who commanded the Golden Hinde, the "Rear-admirall" of the expedition. +It may be easily believed that Raleigh was not on board of the vessel +which belonged to him. Sir H. Gilbert, who was ignorant of the cause of +desertion, wrote thus to Sir George Peckham, after his arrival in +Newfoundland:--"On the 13th the bark Raleigh ran from me, in fair and +clear weather, having a large wind. I pray you solicit my brother +Raleigh to make them an example to all knaves." The subsequent history +of this disastrous expedition need not be dwelt upon. Gilbert reached +Newfoundland, but was lost in returning on board the Squirrel of ten +tons! + +On the 25th March, 1584, Raleigh obtained letters patent from Queen +Elizabeth authorising him to establish a colony in North America, south +of Newfoundland. "The first voyage made" under this patent "to the +coasts of America" was "with two barks, wherein were Captains M. Philip +Amadas, and M. Arthur Barlowe, who _discovered_ part of the countrey now +called Virginia, anno 1584:" the account of which voyage is stated to +have been "written by one of the said Captaines, and _sent_ to Sir +Walter Raleigh, knight, at whose charge and direction the said voyage +was set forty"--_Hak._ vol. iii. p. 246. + +The next voyage is called (p. 251.) "The voyage made by Sir Richard +Grenvill _for_ Sir Walter Raleigh to Virginia, in the yeere 1585." Sir +Richard left a colony under the government of Master Ralph Lane. A list +of all the colonists, to the number of 107, "as well gentlemen as +others, that remained one whole yeere in Virginia," is given in Hakluyt, +at p. 254. The first name is Master Philip Amadas, Admirall of the +countrey;" the second is "Master Hariot." On the 10th June of next year +the colony was visited by Sir Francis Drake, with no less than +twenty-three sail of vessels, "in his prosperous returne from the +sacking of Saint Domingo." Sir Francis gave the colonists, who had +suffered severely from "scarsity," the means of returning to England, +which they did, leaving Virginia on the 18th of June, and arriving at +Portsmouth on the 28th of July, 1586. Governor Lane was greatly blamed +for his precipitate desertion of the colony. Hariot wrote a description +of the country, which occupies fifteen folio pages of Hakluyt. Hallam +(in the passage quoted by MR. BREEN) is correct in describing Hariot as +the companion of Raleigh; for that he was, and very much esteemed by +him: but he is wrong in making it appear that they were together in +Virginia. + +In the meantime Raleigh at home was far from being forgetful of his +colonists, although they seemed so little inclined to depend upon him. +He got ready no less than four vessels: various delays, however, +occurred to retard their sailing; and Raleigh at last getting anxious +started off one of them as a "bark of aviso," or despatch boat, as it is +called in one of the old accounts. It arrived at the site of the colony +"immediately after the departing of our English colony out of this +paradise of the world;" and "after some time spent in seeking our colony +up in the countrey, and not [of course] finding them, it returned with +all the aforesaid provision into England." Thus Hakluyt, page 265., who +also states that it was "sent and set forth at the charges of Sir Walter +Raleigh and his direction;" expressions surely inconsistent with any +supposition that he was on board of this bark of aviso; and yet it would +appear, from the Introduction of Sir Robert Schomburgk, already referred +to, that _this_ was the identical occasion on which Raleigh was +erroneously supposed to have visited Virginia. As what Sir Robert says +is very important, and bears very directly on the question, I quote his +words: + + "It has been asserted by Theobald and others, that Sir Walter + Raleigh himself accompanied this vessel, which he sent for the + relief of the young colony; such may have been his intention, as + Captain Smith states in the first book of his _General History of + Virginia_; but we have so many proofs that Sir Walter did not + leave England in that year, that we are surprised that such an + erroneous statement has found credence up to the present day." + +This is a strong opinion of Sir Robert, and if borne out by evidence, +would be conclusive; but in the first place, his reference to Smith's +_Virginia_ is incorrect; and besides, Smith, for anything he relates +prior to 1606, is only secondary evidence. His book was published in +1624, and is reprinted in Pinkerton's _Voyages_ (1812). On reference to +it there I can find no such _intention_ attributed to Raleigh; and in +fact Smith's account is manifestly taken from Hakluyt (1599), who, it is +well known, had his information on these voyages chiefly from Raleigh +himself[1]. In the second place, it would have been well if Sir Robert +had mentioned some distinct proof that Raleigh was in England on some +one day that the vessel was absent, rather than generally stating that +he did not leave England during 1586. Unfortunately, there is a want of +precision as to the exact dates when the vessel left and returned to +England; enough is said, however, to fix upon the two months _at least_ +from the 20th of May to the 20th of July as being embraced in the period +during which she was on her voyage. In Hakluyt it is stated that she did +not sail until "after Easter:" in 1586 Easter Sunday was, by my +calculation, on the 3rd April. The 20th of May is therefore a liberal +meaning to attach to the expression "after Easter." She arrived in +Virginia "immediately after" Drake sailed, on the 18th of June. Say then +that she even arrived on the 19th June; only spent one day in searching +for the colony; and took thirty days to go home; this would bring us to +the 20th July. It will be noticed that I narrow the time as much as +possible, to strengthen the evidence that would be gained by proving an +_alibi_ for Sir Walter. If it can be shown that he was in England on any +day between the 20th May and the 20th July, the supposition that he went +on this occasion to Virginia must be given up as untenable. I have +therefore directed my inquiries to this point. In the sketch of the life +of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, given in Lodge's _Portraits_, a +work certainly not of indisputable authority, but tolerably correct +notwithstanding, I find the following statement: + + "His [Cumberland's] fleet consisted of three ships, and a pinnace, + _the latter commanded by Sir Walter Raleigh_.... It sailed from + Gravesend on the 26th of June, 1586; but was repeatedly driven + back by contrary winds, and could not finally leave England till + the end of August." + + [Footnote 1: What Smith really says is, speaking generally of + _all_ the voyages, that Raleigh's occasions and employments were + such that he could not go himself; but he says nothing about his + intentions specially as to this particular voyage.] + +Now, if this were quite correct, it would be conclusive, that if Sir +Walter Raleigh sailed from Gravesend on the 26th June, he could not have +started from Virginia to return to England on the 20th of the same +month. I thought it well, however, to verify this statement of Mr. +Lodge, and had recourse to my old friend Hakluyt as usual. I there found +(vol. iii. pp. 769. et seq.) that on starting from Gravesend, there were +only two vessels called respectively the Red Dragon and the Clifford; +these vessels arrived at Plymouth on the 24th of July, and were there +detained by westerly winds until the 17th of August, when they-- + + "Then departed with another ship, also for our Rear-admirall, + called the Roe, whereof W. Hawes was Captaine; and a fine pinnesse + also, called the Dorothie, _which was Sir Walter Raleigh's_." + +It therefore follows, that the pinnace might have joined them +immediately before the 17th of August, a date too late for our purpose. +Nay more, the only authority for Mr. Lodge's statement, that the vessel +was commanded by Sir Walter, rests upon the words which I have put in +Italics; his name is not mentioned in the subsequent account of the +expedition, although, on the 7th of February, 1587, it was found +necessary to hold a council of war, at which no less than eighteen +officers assisted, all of whom, beginning with the admiral, are named. +Raleigh's name does not occur; and is it conceivable that he, if present +in the fleet, would have been absent on such an occasion? This therefore +affords one additional instance in which Raleigh was presumed to be +present merely because he fitted out a vessel. Being inconclusive as a +positive piece of evidence on the main question, my chief reason for +referring to it was to show how hastily some writers make assertions, +and how probable it is that "Theobald and others" went upon similar +grounds in their statement as to Raleigh's having visited Virginia. In +justice to Mr. Lodge, I must mention that the error into which he fell +with respect to Raleigh, in his sketch of the life of the Earl of +Cumberland, is not repeated in his biography of Raleigh, in which it may +be supposed he was more careful. Raleigh's having concerned himself +sometime in July or August in fitting out a vessel for Cumberland's +expedition, undoubtedly forms part of that chain of evidence alluded to +by Schomburgk, tending to prove his continued residence in England in +1586. I feel inclined, however, to search for positive evidence on the +point. In the very valuable collection of letters entitled the +_Leicester Correspondence_, published for the Camden Society in 1844, I +find his name occurring several times. On the 29th of March, 1586, +Raleigh writes "from the court" to the Earl of Leicester, at that time +in the Low Countries: he states that he had moved the Queen to send +Leicester some pioneers, and found her very willing; but that since, the +matter had been stayed, he knew not for what cause. He then goes on to +protest against certain rumours which had been afloat as to his having +been acting a treacherous part with the Queen against the Earl. +Leicester had been in some disgrace with her Majesty, and Raleigh in a +postscript says: + + "The Queen is in very good tearms with yow, and, thanks be to God, + well pacified, and yow are agayne her 'sweet Robyn.'" + +On the 1st of April the Queen herself writes to Leicester a letter, +which will repay perusal. And on the same day, Walsingham, at the +express instance of the Queen, signifies to Leicester that Rawley, "upon +her honor," had done Leicester good offices; and that, during the time +of her displeasure, he dealt as earnestly for him as any other of his +friends. All this shows Raleigh in high favour and standing at the +court; and it is most improbable that he could, at such a moment, absent +himself no less than three months from it. These letters appear to have +been unusually long in reaching Leicester; in the early part of April he +complains of not getting letters from the Queen, and on the 27th a great +many reached him all at once. On the 31st of May, Leicester writes to +Walsingham, and speaks of Rawley's pioneers; saying that he had written +to him saying that they were ready to come. This could not refer to +Raleigh's letter of 29th of March, because in it he states that the +matter had been stayed; it must refer to one of a later date, which does +not appear, but which was written, in all probability, some time on in +May; it could not have been in Leicester's possession on the 29th of +May, because on that day he writes to Walsingham, and mentions the same +subject; namely, his wish for a reinforcement of 1000 men, which led him +to speak of Rawley's pioneers on the 31st. With regard to the time it +took to communicate with Leicester, he was at the Hague on the 30th of +July, and on that day he knew of Drake's arrival at Portsmouth, stated +in Hakluyt's account of Drake's voyage to have taken place on the 28th; +although it is true, Governor Lane, who came home in the fleet, says the +27th of the same month. This was very speedy communication; but the +arrival of Drake, and the results of his enterprise, were looked for +with the utmost anxiety by the English ministry; and, no doubt, their +satisfaction on the subject was communicated to Leicester by a rapid +express. On the 9th of July we find Walsingham writing to Leicester: + + "And lastly, that yt shall in no sorte be fyt for her Majestye to + take any resolutyon in the cause until Sir Francis Drake's + returne, at lest untyll the successe of his vyage be seene; + wheruppon, in verry trothe, dependethe the lyfe and death of the + cause according to man's judgment." + +In a letter from Burleigh to Leicester, dated 20th of June, 1586, occurs +the following: + + "In Irland all thynges are quiet, and a nombre of gentilmen of + Somersett, Devon, Dorcet, Cheshyre, and Lancashyre, are making + themselves to go to Monster, to plant two or three thousand + people, mere English, there this year." + +In a note to this, Mr. Bruce, the editor, states, that Stow records the +names of the honourable and worshipful gentlemen who made the attempt to +colonise Munster, and names, amongst others, Sir Walter Raleigh. It was +on this occasion that the poet Spenser got his grant of 3,028 acres in +the county of Cork, which "is said to be dated June 27, 1586." So the +Rev. Mr. Mitford, in his life of Spenser, prefixed to the Aldine edition +of his poems (1839); and although he seems uncertain as to the date, +there can be no doubt but that it is correct. Now I think that most +people will agree with me in thinking that the whole of this, Raleigh's +movements so far as they can be traced, his position at court, and the +busy and stirring nature of the time, make it altogether improbable that +Raleigh was absent in the month of June, 1586, on a voyage to Virginia. +Hakluyt's not mentioning that he was in the vessel, would of itself be +convincing to my mind, knowing the extent of his information on all +subjects connected with Raleigh, and his minute and painstaking +accuracy. Knowing, however, that _this_ was the voyage in which Raleigh +was stated to have visited Virginia, I have thought it worth while to +search for more positive evidence. How far I have succeeded may be seen, +but it is open to others to fix the fact of Raleigh's having been in +England within the time I have limited. As a hint to go upon, I may +mention that Babington's conspiracy was known to the English ministry on +the 9th of July, although the conspirators were not apprehended until a +month after; if Raleigh could be shown to have had any share in the +discovery of the plot, his presence in England in the beginning of July, +1586, would be established beyond all doubt. + +I have already been more than sufficiently tedious on the subject of the +voyage of this little bark; what I have brought forward however bears +more or less upon the question as to Raleigh having visited Virginia: I +am clearly of opinion that on this occasion he did not. I cannot +refrain, however, from adding a word or two of purely speculative +conjecture. There is something rather suspicious in Drake visiting +Virginia with the whole of his armament, and losing time in doing so, +when the whole nation, from the queen downwards, was on the very +tenter-hooks of anxiety for intelligence of him and of his success. The +question arises, was it a rendezvous? and did the "bark of aviso" bear +other and more important despatches than those addressed to Master Ralph +Lane? Might not its arrival a day or two earlier have directed Drake to +strike a blow at some defenceless but important part of the Spanish +empire, deadly in proportion to its being unexpected? These are +questions which I can in no wise answer, but they have arisen in my +mind; and if it were so, we might be fain to believe, in spite of +everything that I have been able to bring forward, that Raleigh was +indeed on board his gallant little bark, but that, the mark not having +been hit, the attempt was kept secret. It must not be forgotten that at +that time, with the exception of this little colony, England had not a +rood of land in the New World. However, I must remember that history +ought not to deal in conjecture. + +About fourteen or fifteen days after the departure of the bark, Grenvill +made his appearance with the other three vessels. After making every +search he returned home, leaving fifteen men on the Island of Roanoke. +Subsequent expeditions found no traces of these men excepting the bones +of one of them. No one has ever asserted that Raleigh was on board of +this fleet. + +Nothing daunted by these failures-- + + "In the yeere of our Lord 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh, intending to + persevere in the planting of his countrey of Virginia, prepared a + newe colonie of one hundred and fiftie men to be sent thither, + under the charge of John White, whom hee appointed Governour, and + also appointed unto him twelve assistants, unto whom he gave a + charter, and incorporated them by the name of the Governour and + Assistants of the Citie of Raleigh in Virginia."--_Hak._ Vol. iii. + p. 280. + +This colony, owing to contentions with the natives and other causes, did +not thrive; and in August of the same year White was, much against his +wish, induced to return to England for assistance. He failed in his +first attempt to go back with aid. In 1593 he gives, at Hakluyt's +request, an account of a voyage he made thither in 1590, but which quite +failed in its object. The men with whom he embarked showed a greater +disposition towards buccaneering, than to assist him in his search for +the unfortunate colonists. He found traces of their having gone to the +Island of Croatan; but his associates would not prosecute the search, +and poor White, with a sad heart, was obliged to leave them, if they +even then survived, to their fate. From that day to this no intelligence +has ever been got as to what became of them. This voyage was made, if +not under Raleigh's auspices, at all events with his assistance. It has +been supposed by some that this voyage of White in 1590 was the _last_ +attempt made by Raleigh to succour his colonists--he has even been +reproached with it. This, however, was not the case. At p. 1653. vol. +iv. of Purchas, a very brief account is given of a ship having been +purchased by Raleigh and sent out under the command of-- + + "Samuell Mace (a sufficient marriner who had been twice before at + Virginia), to fynd out those people which he had sent last thither + by Captain White in 1587." + +The ill success of the previous attempts to communicate with the colony +seems to have been ascribed to the practice which prevailed in that day +of engaging seamen for the voyage with a share in the profits; this +Raleigh attempted to remedy by hiring "all the cumpanye for wages by the +month." I quote from Strachey's _Virginia_, printed by the Hakluyt +Society from an original MS., whose statement bears undoubted marks of +being the original from which Purchas took his account, and somewhat +abridged it. In spite of Raleigh's precautions as to the hiring, the +people behaved ill, and-- + + "They returned, and brought no comfort or new accesse of hope + concerning the lives and safety of the unfortunate English people, + for which only they were sett forth, and the charg of this + employment was undertaken." + +Here ends the history of Sir Walter Raleigh's connexion with Virginian +discovery and colonisation. A new company was at the moment in +contemplation, and it even despatched its first pioneer vessel in the +same month of 1602 as Raleigh did. Raleigh may have had, to a certain +extent, a selfish object in view. His patent of 1584 was conditional, as +regarded its continuance, on his planting a colony within six years; and +had he been able to have discovered any remains, however small, of the +colony of '87, he could have prevented interlopers. The nature of his +position also in England in March, 1602, may perhaps afford a clue to +his designs. At that moment his royal mistress lay on the bed of +sickness, dying by inches. The clouds were beginning to gather around +Raleigh's head. His star, which had been in the ascendant for more than +twenty years, was getting nigh its setting. Raleigh, a man of wisdom and +foresight, as well as conduct and action, knew all this. He knew what he +had to expect, and what he afterwards in fact experienced, from the new +king, to whom all eyes were turned. Is it not most likely that he looked +to Virginia as his haven of refuge, where, if he could maintain his +patent rights, he might have set his enemies at defiance? Had this +dream, if he entertained it, been realised, the twelve years' +imprisonment and the bloody scaffold on which his head fell, might have +been averted. This, however, was not to be;--the search, as already +mentioned, was fruitless, and the new company went on; and, finally, +under a fresh charter from James I., Virginia was again colonised in +1606, since which time its history and existence have been +uninterrupted. On Raleigh's return from his last expedition to Guiana in +1618, only a few months before his murder, he touched at Newfoundland, +being, as I verily believe, the only occasion on which he set his foot +in North America. + +It may cause your readers to smile, and perhaps be a surprise to some of +them, when I conclude this long paper, written on the subject of +Raleigh's connexion with Virginia, by asserting that he never had any +connexion, direct or indirect, with it! All the colonies with which he +had to do were planted in North Carolina and the islands thereto +belonging. To have laid any stress upon this, or to have mentioned it +earlier than now, would have amounted to nothing but a play upon names. +The country called Virginia in Queen Elizabeth's reign, embraced not +only the state now so called, but also Maryland and the Carolinas. +Virginia Proper was in reality first planted by the company of 1606, who +fixed their settlement on the Chesapeake. + + T. N. + + Demerary, Oct. 1851. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Bunting's Irish Melodies._--On p. 167. of the third volume of "NOTES +AND QUERIES," MR. STEPHENS, of Stockholm asks a question concerning the +_Irish Airs_ of this distinguished musician. As a member of the Royal +Academy of Music in Stockholm, I feel more than ordinary pleasure in +answering the Query of your esteemed correspondent. + +Edward Bunting was born at Armagh in 1773. He claimed descent from +Patrick Gruama O'Quin, who as killed in arms in July, 1642; and it was +to this origin that Bunting attributed his musical talents, as well as +certain strong Irish predilections, for which he was through life +remarkable. His first collection of _Irish Airs_ was published in 1796; +his second in 1809; and his third, and last, in 1840. The first work +contains sixty-six native Irish airs never before published. The second +added seventy-five tunes to the original stock. This volume, like the +first, afforded a copious fund of new melodies, of which the +song-writers of the day eagerly and largely availed themselves. The +third and final collection consists of upwards of 150 melodies; "Of +these," the editor remarks in his Preface, "considerably more than 120 +are now for the first time published, the remainder being sets much +superior to those already known." Bunting did not live to carry out his +plan of republishing his first two collections uniform with the third. +He died December 21, 1843, aged seventy. A copious memoir of him, +accompanied with a portrait, may be found in the _Dublin University +Magazine_, No. XLI., January, 1847. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Colonies in England_ (Vol. iv., pp. 272. 370.).--In Vol. iv., p. 207. +inquiry is made about the existence of colonies of Moors and others in +different parts of England: I was not aware of there being any such as +those he mentions, but as your correspondent wishes to know of any +others which may still exist, I can inform him that colonies of +Spaniards are known of in Mount's Bay and Torbay. The latter, from +having intermingled with the surrounding population, have not now, I +believe, much more than a traditionary Spanish descent; whilst the +former, on the contrary, have kept aloof, and are easily distinguished +from their marked Spanish features. This colony is planted at Mousehole; +and, according to their account, they have been settled there upwards of +three centuries. Another account declares the original settlers to have +formed part of the Spanish Armada; and that after its defeat, they made +a descent on this part of the Cornish coast, drove out or killed the +former inhabitants and have ever since remained unmolested, and in great +measure distinct from the surrounding inhabitants. The nature of the +country in which they settled has, no doubt, proved favourable to them +in this respect, as the soil is barren and rocky, with thinly scattered +villages inhabited by a hardy race of fishermen. + + H. L. + +The settlement of a colony of Flemings in the lower part of +Pembrokeshire, called Rhos and Castle Martin, in the time of Henry I., +was one of the subjects discussed at the meeting of the Cambrian +Archæological Association at Tenby in August last, where the subject was +fully debated, and the fact seemed established. A full report of this +discussion is contained in the October number of the _Cambrian +Archæological Association_, published by Pickering, London. + + T. O. M. + +_"History of Anglesey," &c._ (Vol. iv, p. 317.).--This publication is +attributed to the Rev. J. Thomas in a note to page 230. of the _Cambrian +Plutarch_, by the late J. Humphreys Parry. + + T. O. M. + +_The Lowey of Tunbridge_ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--There still is, I +believe, a district known by this name. In order to save the valuable +space in "NOTES AND QUERIES," I will merely refer E. N. W. for +information respecting it to the following works: + + "A Perambulation of Kent; written in the yeere 1570 by William + Lambarde of Lincolnes Inn, Gent. Imprinted at London by Edm. + Bollisant, 1596."--Page 425. + +This first I believe to be a somewhat scarce book. + + "A Topographie or Survey of the County of Kent. By Richard + Kilburne, London, 1659."--Pp. 276, 277. + + "Tunbridge Wells and its Neighbourhood. By Paul Amsinck, Esq., + London, 1810."--Pp. 97-99. + +There are incidental notices of Tunbridge Lowey in Hasted's _History of +Kent_. From the _Parliamentary Gazetteer_ I extract the following (to +which my attention has been directed by a friend):-- + + "Tunbridge Lowey, a division in the Lathe of Aylesford, County of + Kent. Area, 20,660 acres; houses, 2,072; population in 1831, + 12,233." + +In 1841 the census returns for that district gave a population of +14,638. + +There is also, I believe, another "Lowey," viz. that of Pevensey. + + R. VINCENT. + +_Praed's Works_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--About five years since I saw in +the travelling library of an American lady a very good edition of +Praed's _Poems_, small 8vo. clear type, published (I believe) in the +_States_. The owner promised to send me a fac-simile of the work, on her +return to New York; but family bereavements and various painful +circumstances have arisen to banish the recollection of such a promise. +I have asked for the book in vain in London; but if your correspondent +K. S. is very anxious to procure a copy, I would suggest an order for +it, given through _Chapman in the Strand_, to whom Wiley and Putnam +appear to have transferred the American literary agency. I should think +the price would not exceed six or seven shillings. + + YUNAF. + + [This collection was published by Griswold of New York in 1844. We + saw a copy at Tupling's, No. 320. Strand, a few days since.] + +_John à Cumber_ (Vol. iv., p. 83.).--Some months ago MR. J. P. COLLIER +made some inquiries respecting John à Kent, the Princess Sidanen, and +John à Cumber. Respecting the two latter I was enabled to furnish some +information; and since that I have fallen upon the traces of John à +Cumber. My inquiries have recently been directed to the scene of the +Battle of Cattraeth or Siggeston (Kirby Sigston); and I have +endeavoured, hitherto ineffectually, to find some good description of +the scenery of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and of the great plain of +Mowbray, which was probably the scene of the conflict described by +Aneurin, and which, I believe, includes both Catterick and Sigston. It +was in that country that I found John à Cumber, who is most probably the +person described in the following extract:-- + + "Thirsk.--In the reign of Henry VII. an insurrection broke out + here, in consequence of an obnoxious tax. This was a subsidy + granted by the parliament to the king, to enable him to carry on + the war in Brittany against the French. The Earl of Northumberland + had signified at an assembly, that the king would not remit any + part of the tax, though the northern people had besought it; when + they, taking the earl to be the cause of the answer, fell upon, + and slew him, together with several of his servants, at the + instigation of one John à Chamber. They then placed themselves + under a leader, Sir John Egremond, who, on being defeated by the + Earl of Surrey, fled into Burgundy. John à Chamber and some others + were taken, and executed at York."--_A Picturesque Tour in + Yorkshire and Derbyshire_, by the late Edward Dayes, London, 1825, + pp. 147-8. + +Dayes gives no authorities[2]; but this may afford a clue to further +discoveries. + + T. STEPHENS. + + Merthyr, Nov. 21. 1851. + + [Footnote 2: [Dayes' account of the above insurrection will be + found in Kennett's _History of England_, vol. i. p. 595.--ED.]] + +_Punishment of Prince Edward of Carnarvon_ (Vol. iv., pp. 338. +409.).--MR. W. S. GIBSON will find further particulars of the offence +and punishment of this prince in a paper by Mr. Blaauw on the recently +discovered letters of Prince Edward, which is published in the second +volume of the _Sussex Archæological Collections_. The offence appears to +have been committed in May or June, 1305, and the minister was, as has +been stated, Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, the +king's Treasurer, but in the letters called Bishop of Chester; a seeming +discrepancy arising from the fact that the Bishops of Lichfield and +Coventry were not unfrequently called Bishops of Chester at that period, +which was two centuries before the present see of Chester was created. + + W. S. W. + + Middle Temple. + +It may be as well to add a note to your two communications from MR. +JOSEPH BURTT and R. S. V. P., that the _Bishop of Chester_, named by the +former, is one and the same person with the _Bishop of Lichfield and +Coventry_, named by the latter, as suggested by MR. FOSS; the two +bishoprics being identical, and almost as often called by one title as +by the other. + + P. P. C. + +_Joceline's Legacy_ (Vol. iv., pp. 367. 410.).--The _first_ edition I +believe to have been "_The Mother's Legacie to her Vnborne Childe_, by +Elizabeth Iocelin, London. Printed by Iohn Hauiland, for William Barret, +1624." pp. 114. + title, approbation and epistle dedicatorie (40). + +Henry Jocelyn, a younger son of Sir Thomas Jocelyn, who died 4 Eliz., +married Anne, daughter and heir of Humphry Torrell, Esq., of Torrell's +Hall, Essex, by whom he had Sir Thomas Jocelyn, Knt., and _other sons;_ +one of whom I suspect to have been the Tourell Jocelin, husband to Eliz. +Jocelin, the authoress of this excellent little tract. + + P. B. + +_Bristol Tables_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--The four remarkable bronze +tables, respecting which E. N. W. inquires, formerly stood under the +piazza of the "Tolzey," or "Counter," in Bristol; the place where the +merchants transacted business. On the opening of the Exchange in 1743, +they were removed, and fixed in front of that building, where they now +stand. It appears that they were presented to the city at different +times, and by different persons. On a garter, beneath the surface of one +of them, is the following inscription:-- + + "Thomas Hobson of Bristol made me, anno 1625. Nicholas Crisp of + London gave me to this honourable city in remembrance of God's + mercy in anno domini 1625. N. C." + +On a ring round the surface is this inscription: + + "Praise the Lord, O my soul! and forget not all his benefits. He + saved my life from destruction, and ... to his mercy and + loving-kindness. Praise...." + +On a ring round the surface of the second is the following: + + "A.D. 1631. This is the gift of Mr. White of Bristoll, Merchant, + brother unto Dr. Thomas White, a famous benefactor to this citie." + +On the garter round the exterior is this inscription: + + "The church of the Living God is the pillar and ground of the + truth. So was the work of the pillars finished." + +The third table has the following words round the surface: + + "This Post is the gift of Master Robert Kitchen, Merchant, some + time Maior and Alderman of this city, who deceased Sep. 1. 1594." + +On the ring below the surface: + + "His Executors were fower of his servants. John Barker, Mathew + Howil, and Abell Kitchin, Aldermen of this city, and John + Rowborow, Sherif. 1630." + +Six lines in verse, and a shield with armorial bearings, formerly +appeared as the centre of this table; but they are now obliterated. + +The fourth table, which is supposed to be the oldest, has no +inscription. + +These curious round tables, on which the merchants of this ancient city +formerly made their payments, and wrote their letters, &c., are now used +by the newsmen, who here sell the daily journals, &c. In times of +popular excitement, they have been sometimes used as pedestals, whence +mob-orators, and candidates for parliamentary honours, have harangued +the populace. + + J. R. W. + +_Grimsdyke or Grimesditch_ (Vol. iv., pp. 192. 330.).--There is a +hundred in Norfolk called Grimeshoe or Grimeshow, of which Blomefield, +in his History, vol. ii. p. 148., says: + + "It most probably derives its name from _Grime_ and _hoo_, a hilly + champaign country. This Grime was (as I take it) some considerable + leader or general, probably of the Danes, in this quarter; and if + he was not the _præsitus comitatus_, or _vicecomes_, that is, the + shire reeve or sheriff, he was undoubtedly the _Centuriæ + præpositus_, that is, the hundred-greeve; and, as such, gave the + name to it, which it retains to this day." + +Near this is a curious Danish encampment, with a number of pits and +tumuli, called _Grime's Graves_, from the aforementioned Grime. These +are about two miles east of the village of Weeting, on a rising ground. +On the west side of the village is a bank and ditch, extending several +miles, called the Fen-dyke or Foss. The encampment contains about two +acres, and is of a semicircular form. There are numerous deep pits dug +within it in the quincunx form, and capable of concealing a large army. +There are also several tumuli, one in particular of a long shape. The +usual opinion respecting these remains is, that it was the seat of great +military operations between the Saxons and Danes. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Derivation of "Æra"_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--With regard to the +derivation of _Æra_ (or _Era_). I have always been accustomed to +explain the derivation of _Æra_ or _Era_ thus:--that it is a term +transferred from the [brazen] tablets, on which the records of events +were noted, to the events themselves, and thence to the computum, or +fixed chronological point from which the reckoning proceeds. + +My difficulty here has been to find sufficient instances of the use of +brass in ancient times for these purposes. Brass was the material on +which laws, &c. were commonly registered: but the fasti at present +discovered, as far as I can learn, are engraven on marble; as, for +instance, the Fasti Capitolini, discovered in the Roman Forum in 1547, +and the fragments afterwards brought to light in 1817, 1818. + +Isidore of Hispola, in the eighth century, in his _Origines_, gives this +derivation: + + "Æra singulorum annorum constituta est a Cæsare Augusto, quando + primum censum exegit. Dicta autem Æra ex eo, quod omnis orbis æs + reddere professus est reipublicæ." + +I quote on the authority of Facciolati, who adds that others derive the +word from the letters A.ER.A., "annus erat Augusti." These are not at +all satisfactory; and I shall be glad if you will allow me to throw in +my derivation as "being worth what it will fetch." + + THEOPHYLACT. + +Koch says, in note 5 to the Introduction of his _Revolution of Europe_, +that "æra" is derived from the initials of the phrase "Anno erat +regnante Augusto;" and was first used among the Spaniards, who dated +from the renewal of the second triumvirate even down to the fourteenth +or fifteenth centuries. + + HD. + +_Scent of the Blood-hound_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--C. H. asks whether it +be true that hound loses his scent-- + + "If he fele swetness of þe flouris." + +A few years ago a master of fox-hounds in the New Forest excused some +bad sport in March thus "The hounds can't hunt for those d--d stinking +violets!" rather to the amusement of some of his field. + + G. N. + +_Monk and Cromwell Families_ (Vol. iv., p. 381.).--A SUBSCRIBER seems to +imply that the Monk and Cromwell families intermarried. In Chauncy's +_Hertfordshire_, vol. i. p. 582. of the new edition, but which was +originally printed in 1700, it is stated, that the well-known manor of +Theobalds was granted by Charles II. to the great Monk in tail male; on +the death of his son, Duke Christopher, it reverted to the crown; and +that King William, by letters patent of the 4th of April, 1689, gave it +to William Bentinck, who was created Earl of Portland. It must have come +therefore, to the Cromwells by intermarriage either with Bentinck, +which, I believe, was not the case, or with some subsequent purchasers +of the manor. Theobalds originally belonged to Sir Robert Cecil, of whom +James I. obtained it in exchange for Hatfield. It was given as reward +for restoring the Stuarts to Monk, and to Bentinck for assisting again +to expel them. + + J. H. L. + +"_Truth is that which a man troweth_" (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--For the +information of your correspondent Γ. I send the following, +which I believe to be the original authority for the above saying. It is +taken from the celebrated work of Horne Tooke's, entitled _Diversions of +Purley_, which, though highly interesting as a treasury of philological +information, contains this among other absurd attempts to base moral +conclusions on the foundation of etymology:-- + + "_Truth_ is the third person singular of the indicative _trow_. It + was formerly written _troweth_, _trowth_, _trouth_, and _troth_. + And it means (_aliquid_, anything, something) that which one + _troweth_, i.e. thinketh, or firmly believeth." + +Dugald Stewart, in his _Philosophical Essays_, justly observes regarding +the principle involved in such speculations, that "if it were admitted +as sound, it would completely undermine the foundations both of logic +and of ethics." + + TYRO. + + Dublin. + +"_Worse than a Crime_" (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--In reply to a question you +attribute the famous saying concerning the murder of the Duc D'Enghien +to Talleyrand. + +If you will refer to p. 266. vol. i. of Fouché's _Memoirs_, 2nd edition, +1825, C. Knight, you will find that he claims the saying to himself: + + "I was not the person who hesitated to express himself with the + least restraint respecting the violence against the rights of + nations and of humanity. 'It is more than a crime, it is a + political fault.' I said words which I record, because they have + been repeated and attributed to others." + + J. W. + + Walsall. + +In matters of rumour different people hear different things. I never +heard the words "c'estoit pire qu'un crime, c'estoit une faute," +ascribed to any one but Fouché of Nantes. I have understood that the +late Prince of Condé would not hold any intercourse with the Prince de +Talleyrand, or with the Court when he was present officiating as Grand +Chamberlain of France, owing to his full conviction of that minister's +privity to the murder of his son. But how is that consistent with +Talleyrand's more than condemning, and even ridiculing the action? + + A. N. + +_Verses in Classical Prose_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--Merely as matter of +information, permit me to refer your correspondent A. A. D. to the notes +of Glareanus and Drakenborch on the first lines of Livy's preface, and +to the "variorum" commentators on the first line of Tacitus' _Annals_ +("Urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere"), for a collection of +examples of the occurrence of verse in prose compositions. + + THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY. + +_Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru_ (Vol. iv., p. 257.).--Probably the +melodramatic spectacle mentioned by MR. HASKINS was derived from a +Spanish book, of which I possess an English translation, bearing the +following title:-- + + "A Relation of the First Voyages and Discoveries made by the + Spaniards in America, with an Account of their unparalleled + Cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above Forty + Millions of People. Together with the Propositions offered to the + King of Spain, to prevent the further ruin of the West Indies. By + Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an + Eye-witness of their Cruelties. Illustrated with Cuts. London, + printed for Daniel Brown at the Black Swan and Bible without + Temple Bar, and Andrew Bell at the Cross Keys and Bible in + Cornhill, near Stocks Market, 1699." 8vo. pp. 248. + +The "cuts" are twenty-two in number, on two fly-sheets, and represent +torturing death in the most horrible variety. + +A MS. note on a fly-leaf, in the handwriting of Mr. Bowdler of Bath, +says, "This book is taken out of the fourth part of Purchas's +_Pilgrims_, fol. 1569." + + E. WARING. + + Hotwells, Clifton. + +_Nolo Episcopari_ (Vol. iv., p. 346.).--_Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ seems to +ascribe the above oft-quoted words to the _Roman Pontifical_:-- + + "It is lawful to desire a Bishoprick; neither can the + unwillingness to accept it be, in a prudent account, adjudged the + aptest disposition to receive it (especially if done in + ceremony--(in Pontifical. Rom.)--just in the instant of their + entertainment of it, and possibly after a long ambition.)"--_Life + of Christ_, Ad Sect. IX. Part I. 2.; _Considerations upon the + Baptism of Jesus_, p. 96. Lond. 1702. Fol. + +On more occasions than one I have hunted Roman Pontificals in vain, but +I may have been unfortunate in the editions to which I had access. + +It cannot at all events have descended from remote antiquity, for +"episcopari" is a comparatively modern word. + +St. Bernard uses it in his 272nd _Epistle_; but the Benedictine editors +speak of it as an "exotic." + + RT. + + Warmington. + +_Hougoumont_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The assertion of your correspondent +A. B. R. I have met with before, but forget where: viz. that the proper +designation of the château in question is _Goumont_, and that +_Hougoumont_ is only a corruption of _Château Goumont_. + +This may be the case; but the Duke must not be charged with the +corruption, for I have now before me a map of the Département de la +Dyle, published "l'An 8 de la République Française, à Bruxelles, &c., +par Ph. J. Maillart et Soeur," &c., in which the place is distinctly +called _Hougoumont_. + + A. C. M. + + Exeter. + +_Call a Spade, a Spade_ (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--I have found two early, +but unauthenticated, instances of the use of this saying, in a note by +J. Scaliger on the _Priapeia, sive Diversorum Poetarum in Priapum +Lusus_:-- + + "Simplicius multo est, ----, latinè + Dicere, quid faciam? crassa Minervæ mea est." + + _Carmen_, ii. 9, 10. + + "Ἄγροικός εἰμι· τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγω;" + Aristophanes.--"Unde jocus maximi Principis, Philippi Macedonis. + Quum ii, qui prodiderant Olynthum Philippo, conquestum et + expostulatum ad ipsum venissent, quod injuriosè nimis vocarentur + proditores ab aliis Macedonibus: οἱ Μακεδόνες, inquit, ἀμαθεῖς + καὶ ἄγροικοί εἰσι· τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγουσι."—J. Scaliger. + +For which note see the "Priapeia," &c., at the end of an edition of +Petronius Arbiter, entitled, _Titi Petronii Arbitri Equitis Romani +Satyricon. Concinnante Michaele Hadrianide. Amstelodami. Typis Ioannis +Blaeu. M.DC.LXIX._ + +As I cannot at this moment refer to any good verbal index to +Aristophanes, I cannot ascertain in what part of his works Scaliger's +quotation is to be found. Burton, in his preface to the _Anatomy of +Melancholy_ ("Democritus Junior to the Reader"), repeats the saying +twice, _i.e._ in Latin and English, and presents it, moreover, in an +entirely new form: + + "I am _aquæ potor_, drink no wine at all, which so much improves + our modern wits; a loose, plain, rude writer, _ficum voco ficum, + et ligonem ligonem_, and as free as loose; _idem calamo quod in + mente_: I call a spade a spade; _animis hæc scribo, non auribus_, + I respect matter, not words," &c.--Democritus Jr. to the Reader, + Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, Blake, MDCCCXXXVI. one vol. 8vo. + p. 11. + + C. FORBES. + + Temple. + +"_Tace is Latin for a Candle_" (Vol. i., p. 385.; Vol. ii., p. +45.).--Your correspondent H. B. C. states that the earliest use he has +met with of this phrase is in Dean Swift's _Polite Conversation_, +written, as appears by the preface, about 1731; but he will find, in +Dampier's _Voyages_, the same phrase in use in 1686, or perhaps earlier: +not having the work itself at hand, I cannot refer him to the passage, +but he will find it quoted in the _United Service Journal_ for 1837, +Part III. p. 11. + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica, Oct. 1851. + +_Collars of SS._ (Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236.).--With reference to the +different notices that have appeared in your pages respecting effigies +bearing the collar of SS, and especially in compliance with the desire +expressed by MR. E. FOSS, that information should be sent to you of any +effigy that might be met with having this distinction, I beg to state +that in the church of St. Mary, Ruabon, Denbighshire, there is a finely +executed high tomb of alabaster, bearing the effigies of "John ap Ellis +Eyton" and of his lady "Elizabeth Chalfrey Ellis Eyton;" the former +deceased A.D. 1524, and the latter A.D. 1527. The knight wears the +collar of SS, to which is suspended a rose-shaped ornament, and is +stated to have been at the battle of Bosworth, and, for his services on +that day, to have been granted by Henry VII. what lands he chose. The +knight's gauntlets lie together on his right side, and his feet rest +against a lion. + + G. J. R. G. + + Pen-y-lau, Ruabon. + +_Locusts of the New Testament_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255. 351.).--In reference +to the word ἀκρὶς, which has given rise to so much discussion +in your very valuable periodical, may I be permitted to observe that the +pâtois spoken in this town (Nice = Nizza = Nicæa, founded by the +Phocæans, expelled their Asian abode by Harpagus; Strabo, l. 4. p. 184.; +Herod. i. 163.) bears many traces of its Greek origin. The tree which +answers to the "locust" is called by the peasantry _acroòb_; and in +order that you, or any of your correspondents, may observe its +similarity in every point to the Eastern tree, I have transmitted a +packet of its fruit to your office. I do not know whether Grimm's law +would authorise the antithesis of a _d_ for a _p_ sound, but every +student of Romaic will allow the tendency that _i_ and _o_ sounds have +for interchanging. This would give _acreed_, ακρίδ, the root of +ἀκρὶς. + + NICÆENSIS. + +_Theodolite_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--If your correspondent J. S. WOOD will +refer to Todd's _Johnson's Dictionary_, he will find the derivation of +the word thus-- + + "THEODOLITE (Fr. from θεῶ, Gr., contracted of θεάω, or θεάομαι, to + observe; and δολιχὸς, long. See Morin, _Fr. and Gr. Etym. Dict._), + a mathematical instrument for taking heights and distances." + + HENRY WILKINSON. + + Brompton, Nov. 15. 1851. + +"_A Posie of other Men's Flowers_" (Vol. iv., p. 211.).--Your +correspondent MR. C. FORBES appears anxious to know where Montaigne +speaks of "a posie of other men's flowers." I believe that there is an +error in confining Montaigne's idea thus exclusively to poetry, for I +presume the passage sought for is what I shall now quote; but if so, it +applies generally to any borrowed thought from an author embellished by +another: + + "La vérité et la raison sont communes à un chascun, et ne sont + plus à celui qui les adictes premièrement, qu'à qui les dict + aprez: ce n'est non plus selon Platon que selon moy, puisque luy + et moy l'entendons, et veoyons de mesme. _Les abeilles pillotent + deça delà les fleurs; mais elles en font aprez le miel, qui est + tout leur; ce n'est plus thym, ny mariolaine_; ainsi les pièces + empruntées d'aultruy, il les transformera et confondra pour en + faire un ouvrage tout sien, à scavoir son jugement," + &c.--_Essays_, livre i. chap. 25. + +I hope that this will satisfactorily answer your correspondent's +inquiry. + + J. R. + +_Voltaire_ (Vol. iii. p. 433.).--On the subject of _anagrams_, lately +adverted to by your correspondents, I not long since referred to that +which showed that the name of _Voltaire_, as adduced by me in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ a few years back, instead of being, as asserted +by Lord Brougham and others, that of an estate, was in fact the anagram +of his family patronymic, with the adjunct of l. j., or junior (le +jeune), to distinguish him from his elder brother. We see similarly the +President of the French National Assembly uniformly called "Dupin +l'aîné"; and his brother Charles, until created a Baron, always "Dupin +le jeune." Observing, therefore, that Voltaire was in reality Arouet le +jeune, or, as he signed it, Arouet l. j., and that the two letters u and +j were, until distinguished by the Elzevir, indiscriminately written v +and i, the anagram will thus be clearly proved: every letter, though +transposed, being equally in both:-- + + A R O V E T L J + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + + V O L T A I R E + 4 3 7 6 1 8 2 5 + +Although, as above mentioned, this unquestionable fact has already +appeared in another publication, and, indeed, likewise in the _Dublin +Review_ for June 1845 (both from me), yet the old mis-statement of this +celebrated personage's biographers still continued to be asserted, as it +has been in your own pages. This is my motive for now addressing you on +the matter. Voltaire, I may add, was a little partial to his paternal +name. To the Abbé Moussinot, his Parisian agent, he thus wrote on the +17th of May, 1741: + + "Je vous ai envoyé ma signature, dans laquelle j'ai oublié le nom + d'Arouet, que j'oublie assez volontiers." + +And, on another occasion: + + "Je vous renvoie d'autres parchemins, où se trouve ce nom, malgré + le peu de cas que j'en fais." + +Mixing with the higher classes of society, he wished, like them, to be +known by a territorial possession, and framed the name now resounding +through the world, prefixing to it the nobiliary particle, _De_. His +elder brother was named Armond, whose death preceded that of the younger +by thirty-seven years, 1741-1778; both were unmarried. Numerous, and +curious too, are the anagrams which my memory could furnish me. + + J. R. + +_Sinaïtic Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--The decipherer of these +inscriptions was the late Professor Beer of Berlin. T. D. will find his +alphabet, together with that of the Himyaritic inscriptions, and others +which resemble them, in Dr. (John) Wilson's _Lands of the Bible_. + + E. H. D. D. + +_Le Greene at Wrexham_ (Vol. iv., p. 371.).--A survey of the lordships +of Bromfield and Yale (within the former of which this town is +situated), made by Norden about the year 1620 for Charles I., then +Prince of Wales, has been preserved in the Harleian Collection in the +British Museum. The descriptive part is in Latin; but before the names +of the places and streets in this town the French article _le_ is used, +as Le highe street, Le hope street, Le church street, Le beast market, +Le greene. The larger part of this Le greene (now called "The Green") +has still grass growing upon it; and there is no tradition that either a +granary or corn-mill was ever situated there. + + [Pointing hand symbol] + + Wrexham. + +_Cross-legged Effigies_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--In the parish church of +Limington, Somerset, is a figure of a cross-legged knight, with his hand +on the hilt of his sword, as if about to draw it. The date of the +foundation of the chantry in which he lies is said to be 1329, and the +mouldings and windows appear to testify its correctness. + + [Hebrew: Beth.] + +_The Word Ἀδελφὸς_ (Vol. iv., p. 339.).--Your correspondent, +the Rev. T. R. BROWN, is right in acquiescing in the ordinary derivation +of ἀδελφὸς from ἀ and δέλφυς, but wrong, as I think, in +endeavouring to find cognate forms in the Indo-Germanic +languages. The fact is, that the word is solely and peculiarly Greek. +The Sanscrit word for brother is, as every body knows, _bhratri_ (Latin, +_frater_, &c.); and that this form was not entirely unknown to the +Hellenic races, is evidenced by their use of φράτρα, or +φράτρη, in various senses, all of which may easily be reduced +to the one common idea of brotherhood. How it happened that the word +φρατὴρ was lost in Greek, and ἀδελφὸς substituted, +we think we can satisfactorily explain, and, if so, the elucidation will +make clearer an interesting point in Greek manners. It appears that +they, in common with some Eastern nations, looked upon the relationship +between brothers of the same mother as much closer in blood than that in +which the brothers were related through the father alone; and hence the +well-known law forbidding ἀδελφοὶ ὁμομητρίοι _alone_ to +marry. In the same manner we find Abraham (Gen. xx. 12.) using a similar +excuse for marrying Sarah: + + "And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my + father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my + wife." + +It is not difficult, therefore, to understand how this notion prevailing +among the Greeks, might lead them to frame a new word from ἀ +and δέλφυς, to express the uterine relation of brothers, which +would soon in common use supplant the older Indo-German term φρατὴρ. +For further reasons which may have influenced the dropping of +the word φρατὴρ, I would refer to a learned article on +"Comparative Philology" in the last number of the _Edinburgh Review_, by +Dr. Max Müller. + +With regard to the derivations suggested by MR. BROWN from the Hebrew, +Arabic, &c., I think I am justified in laying down as a rule that no +apparent similarity between words in the Semitic and Asian families can +be used to establish a real identity, the two classes of language being +radically and fundamentally distinct. + + J. B. + +_Finger Pillories_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--Meeting recently with a person +who, although illiterate, is somewhat rich in oral tradition and local +folk lore, I inquired if he had ever seen such a thing as that described +by MR. LAWRENCE. He replied that he had not, but that he had frequently +heard of these "stocks," as he called them, and that he believed they +were used in "earlier days" for the purpose of inflicting _penance_ upon +those parishioners who absented themselves from mass for any lengthened +period. My informant illustrated his explanation with a "traditionary" +anecdote (too fabulous to trouble you with), which had been the means of +imparting the above to him. Whether correct or not, however, I must +leave others to determine. + + J. B. COLMAN. + + [Will our correspondent favour us with the tradition to which he + refers?] + +_Blackloana Heresis_ (Vol. iv., p. 239.).--The accounts given of +Blacklow and his religious heresy merely excite curiosity. Will no one +furnish some brief particulars of him and his proceedings? For what was +Peter Talbot famous, and where may his history be read? + + E. A. M. + +_Quaker Expurgated Bible._--A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (Vol. +iv., p. 412.) has answered my Query respecting this Bible in a manner +not very satisfactory. He says "no committee was ever appointed by the +Society of Friends" to publish such a Bible, and that the Society adopt +the English authorised version only. The authority from which I quoted +did not say that the committee had been appointed by the Society of +Friends, or that the object of the proposed publication was to supersede +the version authorised by the Church, which (as is well known) is +adopted, as your correspondent states, by the Society. What she states +is this:--That about four years ago a Committee of Friends intended to +publish such an edition of the Bible, for daily perusal in Friends' +families; and that a prospectus was printed, in which it was promised +that every passage of the Bible would be carefully expunged which was +unfit for reading aloud, and also those which might be called dangerous, +which the unlearned and unstable might wrest to their own destruction. + +My Query was, whether such a Bible was ever published, and whether any +of your correspondents could furnish a copy of the prospectus alluded +to? It is no answer to this to say, that the committee who proposed to +publish this Bible were not appointed by the Society of Friends, and +that the Friends applied to by your correspondent knew nothing of the +project. The authoress of the work I quoted has since been publicly +named, and if this query should meet her eye, perhaps she may be able to +give me the information I require. It is the more incumbent upon her to +do so, as the tone of your correspondent is evidently intended to throw +a doubt upon her veracity. + + T. + +"_Acu tinali merida_" (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--An ingenious friend has +suggested to me the following explanation of this passage: +Ἄκουε τὴν ἄλλην μερίδα. It is rendered almost certain by the words that come +immediately after, in the line quoted by C. W. G., _i.e._ "audi alteram +partem." I am unable, however, to point out the source from which the +Greek motto was derived. Perhaps some of your readers will solve this +ulterior question. + + C. H. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +What the Laureate of the day, inspired by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, +sang in 1748,-- + + "Th' Almighty hand, which first her shores secured + With rolling oceans, and with rocks immured, + Which spread her plains, and bade her flocks increase, + Designed Britannia for the Land of Peace; + Where Commerce only should exert her sway, + And musing Science trim th' unfading bay"-- + +was in 1851 recognised by the whole civilised world, not as a poetical +fiction, but as a practical, we had almost said a political, truth. +Hence the Crystal Palace, that glorious Temple of Concord, which those +potent genii Fox and Henderson, at the bidding of the arch-magician +Paxton, raised before our eyes, to put to shame the visionary glories of +the _Arabian Nights_;--and hence the avidity with which, like +ministering sprites, all the great manufacturers and producers, artists +and artizans, vied with each other in assembling beneath its fairy dome +the masterpieces of their respective skill, ingenuity, and science. +Hence, too, the unfading interest with which, day after day, from May +until October, did thousands upon thousands press forward to gaze upon a +scene unparalleled in the world's history, whether for costliness of +display or moral grandeur. + +Of such an event--of such a scene, which it was acknowledged fairly +represented the productive genius of the whole world, all may well +desire to preserve some remembrance; and whatever may be the fate of the +Crystal Palace, the great gathering of the nations which assembled under +its roof has found an imperishable monument in the three handsome octavo +volumes which form _The Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue +of the Great Exhibition_, 1851. In this great and useful record--the raw +materials for which were furnished by no fewer than _fifteen thousand +authors_--we have not only an account of every article exhibited, +accompanied in many instances by valuable notes from the ablest +scientific pens, pointing out the leading features of interest in the +objects described--which annotations again are rendered still more +valuable by the twelve hundred woodcut illustrations which are scattered +through these pages,--but we have also Mr. Cole's valuable Historical +Introduction, illustrating the Rise of the Exhibition, its Progress and +Completion; Mr. Digby Wyatt's able account of the Construction of the +Building and of the mechanical applications employed; and Mr. Ellis' +interesting description of the Revision and Preparation of the +Catalogue; when we add that it contains, moreover, all sorts of Indices +and Lists for facilitating references--our readers will, we think, agree +with us that this most complete, instructive, and extraordinary +Catalogue may fairly be regarded as _An Encyclopædia of the Industry of +all Nations in 1851_, and as such should find a place not only in every +factory and workshop, but in every study and educational establishment +within the realm. To meet the requirements of those who cannot purchase +the _Illustrated Catalogue_, Messrs. Spicer have issued a corrected and +improved edition of the _Official Catalogue, with Alphabetical Indices +of Names and Subjects, and British and Foreign Priced Lists_: while to +enable the non-scientific reader to understand, and to furnish the +scientific reader with the results, or, as we might term it, a +summing-up of the details to be found in the works already described, +they commissioned Mr. Robert Hunt to prepare a _Handbook to the Official +Catalogues; an Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and +Manufactures of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations_, +1851; and that gentleman has so ably executed his task, that, though +some who may only wish for general views and impressions may content +themselves with his _Handbook_, the majority of the purchasers of the +larger Catalogues must secure Mr. Hunt's interesting volume as an +indispensable companion to them. + +When we read the announcement that Mr. Planché was about to publish _The +Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded upon Facts_, we looked for a +work in which good common sense and sound antiquarian knowledge would be +found applied to an important branch of historical learning, which has +been too often followed by men whose disregard of the former, and want +of the latter gift, have done much to justify Voltaire's biting sarcasm +upon heraldry. Nor have we been disappointed. The work is one of facts +rather than of inferences; and although the accomplished gentleman now +at the head of the College of Arms, to whom, "as an able antiquary and +worthy man," the work is most appropriately dedicated, may probably +dissent from some of Mr. Planché's views, he will, we are sure, admit +that they are cautiously advanced, and maintained with learning and +ability; and that the _Pursuivant of Arms_, with its numerous woodcut +illustrations drawn from old seals, monuments, &c., is a valuable +contribution towards a more perfect knowledge of heraldic antiquities. + +Few books of travels in the East have excited greater attention, on +their first appearance, or maintained their popularity for a longer +period, than the lively volume entitled _Eothen_. In selecting it, +therefore, for the Eleventh and Twelfth Parts of _The Traveller's +Library_, Messrs. Longman have shown their determination to maintain the +interest of that excellent series of cheap books. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--C. Skeet's (21. King William Street, Strand) +Catalogue No. 3. of Old and New Books; W. Lumley's (56. Chancery Lane) +Bibliographical Advertiser No. 9., Ninth Series; E. Stibbs's (331. +Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books; W. S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Seventy-fifth Catalogue of English, +Foreign, Classical and Miscellaneous Cheap Second-hand Books; and +Supplementary Catalogue of Italian Books. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a +copy. + +FLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of +his works. + +BEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS. + +LAW'S APPEAL, &c. + +LAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON. + +HUNTER'S DEANERY OF DONCASTER. Vol. I. Large or small paper. + +CLARE'S RURAL MUSE. + +CHRISTIAN PIETY FREED FROM THE DELUSIONS OF MODERN ENTHUSIASTS. A.D. +1756 or 1757. + +AN ANSWER TO FATHER HUDDLESTONE'S SHORT AND PLAIN WAY TO THE FAITH AND +CHURCH. By Samuel Grascombe. London, 1703. 8vo. + +REASONS FOR ABROGATING THE TEST IMPOSED UPON ALL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. +by Samuel Parker, Lord Bishop of Oxon. 1688. 4to. + +LEWIS'S LIFE OF CAXTON. 8vo. 1737. + +CATALOGUE OF JOSEPH AMES'S LIBRARY. 8vo. 1760. + +TRAPP'S COMMENTARY. Folio. Vol. I. + +WHITLAY'S PARAPHRASE ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. Folio. Vol. I. 1706. + +LONG'S ASTRONOMY. 4to. 1742. + +ADAMS' MORAL TALES. + +AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. JOHNSON. 1805. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. _In compliance with the suggestion of several +correspondents, that the space now occupied by our enumeration of +catalogues published during the week might be filled with information of +greater interest to our readers, such announcements will in future be +discontinued._ + +O. S. _The passage_-- + + "Finds tongues in trees," &c. + +_is in Shakspeare's_ As You Like It, Act II. Scene 1. + +W. S. (Linwood). _The_ History of Napoleon _in the_ Family Library _was +written by Mr. Lockhart._ + +MR. FENTON'S _Query was received, and, as we thought, inserted. It shall +be attended to._ + +DRYASDUST'S _Query respecting the "Crucifix" appeared in our last +Number_, p. 422. + +_A copy of_ D'ARBLAY'S DIARY, Vol. II., _has been reported, and may be +had of the Publisher._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Coins of Vabalathus--Crosses and Crucifixes--Mrs. +Mary Anne Clarke--Coke, how pronounced--Freemasonry--Calendar of +Knights--Ellrake--Isabel of Man--Cromwell Estates--Jonah and the Whale, +&c.--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Locust Tree--Story in Jeremy +Taylor--Deep Well near Banstead Downs--Erroneous Scripture +Quotations--Crowns have their Compass--Presant Family--Dido and Æneas, +&c.--Earwig--Passage in Virgil--Passage in Campbell--Bristol +Tables--Slums, &c.--Serpent with a Human Head--Abigail--Hogarth and +Cooper._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + +_Erratum._--Vol. iv. p. 429. col. i. 1. 15. for "works of" read "works +of two of." + + + + +THE ART JOURNAL FOR JANUARY 1852. + + Circulation guaranteed at 30,000. + + Advertisements for January should be addressed to MR. CLARK, "Art + Journal Office," 8. Wellington Street North, ON OR BEFORE THE + THIRTEENTH INSTANT. + + +SEASONABLE GIFT-BOOK FOR THE YOUNG. + + Just published, fcap. 8vo., cloth, with Steel Engravings, price + 4_s._ 6_d._ + + THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS, and OTHER TALES. By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY. + Dedicated to her Children. + + "Approaching in tone and tendency to the Faëry Tales of Andersen. + Most commendable as a faëry book, with a beautiful Frontispiece + Illustration by an amateur artist, Miss L. E. + Barker."--_Athenæum._ + + "A very pretty little book, showing a great deal of talent and + originality. Indeed, the children are so real, so like our own + small friends and acquaintance in all their ways and sayings, that + it gives an additional quaintness to the story to find them, + subject to the influence of fairies. The lessons are all + admirable."--_The Monthly Packet._ + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + +Just published, No. 14. price 2_s._ 6_d._ imperial 4to., + + DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing + examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect. + + CONTENTS. + + E.E. Side Elevation and Section, South Porch, + West Walton Church, Norfolk. + " Details of Pinnacle from ditto ditto. + " Window, Binham Priory, Norfolk. + " Door. ditto ditto. + DEC. Diaper work from Winchelsea. + + (Continued Monthly.) + + London: D. BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. + + +NEW WORK BY DR. R. G. LATHAM. + + This day, demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth, + + THE GERMANIA OF TACITUS; with Ethnological Dissertations and + Notes. By Dr. R. G. LATHAM, Author of the "English Language," &c. + + London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street; and + 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. + + +CHEAP FOREIGN BOOKS. + + Just published, post free, one stamp, + + WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S SECOND-HAND CATALOGUE, No. 4. Literature, + History, Travels, German Language, Illustrated Books, Art, + Architecture, and Ornament. 600 Works at very much reduced prices. + + WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S GERMAN BOOK CIRCULARS. New Books and Books + reduced in price. No. 28. Theology, Classics, Oriental and + European Languages, General Literature. No. 29. Sciences, Natural + History, Medicine, Mathematics, &c. + + [Star symbol] Gratis on application. + + WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. + + +NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. + + YEAST: A PROBLEM. By CHARLES KINGSLEY, Rector of Eversley. Cheaper + Edition. 5_s._ + + LEAVES FROM THE NOTE-BOOK OF A NATURALIST. By W. J. BRODERIP, + F.R.S., Author of "Zoological Recreations." Post 8vo. + + ON THE STUDY OF WORDS. Five Lectures addressed to the Pupils at + the Diocesan Training School, Winchester. By R. CHENEVIX TRENCH, + B.D., Professor of Divinity, King's College. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + ARUNDINES CAMI, sive MUSARUM CANTABRIGIENSIUM LUSUS CANORI; + collegit atque edidit HENRICUS DRURY, M.A. Fourth Edition. 12_s._ + + THE OLD TESTAMENT.--Nineteen Sermons on the First Lessons for the + Sundays between Septuagesima Sunday and the First Sunday after + Trinity. By F. D. MAURICE, M.A., Professor of Divinity, King's + College. 6_s._ + + THE KINGDOM of CHRIST. By R. WHATELEY, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin. + Fifth Edition, 8vo. 8_s._ + + HISTORY OF TRIAL BY JURY. By W. FORSYTH, M.A., late Fellow of + Trinity College, Cambridge, Author of "Hortensius." 8vo. + + BABYLON AND JERUSALEM; a Letter addressed to Ida, Countess of + Hahn-Hahn. From the German. With a Preface by the Translator. + 2_s._ 6_d._ + + PEARSON'S LECTURES ON THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AND ANNALS OF ST. + PAUL. Edited in English, with a few Notes, by J. R. CROWFOOT, + B.D., Divinity Lecturer of King's College, Cambridge. 4_s._ + + BIBLE COINS; Metallic Fac-similes of the Coins mentioned in Holy + Scripture. 2_s._ 6_d._ + + London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. West Strand. + + +BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER. + + NEANDER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. 5. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER. + + CICERO'S ORATIONS, literally translated by C. D. YONGE, M.A., + including all the ORATIONS AGAINST VERRES. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER. + + AGASSIZ AND GOULD'S COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, touching the Structure + and Development of the Races of Animals, living and extinct. + Enlarged by Dr. WRIGHT. Post 8vo., with 390 woodcuts. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER. + + SIR THOMAS BROWNE'S WORKS, edited by SIMON WILKIN, F.L.S. Vol. 1, + containing the VULGAR ERRORS. Post 8vo. Fine Portrait. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S CHEAP SERIES FOR DECEMBER. + + HAWTHORNE'S TWICE TOLD TALES. Post 8vo. Price 1_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +Water-Colour Drawings by the most eminent Modern Artists. + + SOUTHGATE AND BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms. 22. + Fleet Street, on Wednesday Evening, December 17, and following + Evening, at Six, the VERY VALUABLE COLLECTION of WATER-COLOUR + DRAWINGS of a well-known Collector, comprising some of the + choicest specimens of-- + + Callow Frith Nash + Cattermole Herbert Poole + Chambers Hills D. Roberts + S. Cooper Hunt Robson + Cotman Jenkins C. Stanfield + D. Cox Lance Topham + Dewint Martin J. M. W. Turner + Fripp Müller Harrison Weir + and other celebrated Artists. + + [Star symbol] Catalogues will be forwarded to Gentlemen favouring + S. & B. with their Address. + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER contains: 1. The Metamorphosis of +Apuleius. 2. Gleanings from the Irish Council Books. 3. The Duchess of +Angouleme. 4. Mediæval Art, as exemplified in the Exhibition of 1851. 5. +Autobiography of Lady Springett, one of the first Quakers. 6. Ulrich von +Hutten, Part IV. 7. Carlyle's Life of Sterling. 8. William Wyon and his +Works (with a Portrait). 9. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. 10. Notes +of the Month. With Miscellaneous Reviews, Antiquarian Intelligence, +Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Right Hon. +Charles Hope, Hon. Thomas Kenyon, J. H. Tremayne, Esq., Rev. Charles +Gutzlaff, &c. &c. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ + + NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street. + + +ARNOLD'S INTRODUCTIONS TO GERMAN AND FRENCH. + + Now ready, in 12mo. price 5_s._ 6_d._, the Second Edition of + + THE FIRST GERMAN BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." + By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and + late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; and J. W. FRÄDERSDORFF, + Ph. Dr., of the Taylor-Institute, Oxford. + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Of whom may be had, + + 1. A KEY to the Exercises. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ + + 2. A READING COMPANION to the FIRST GERMAN BOOK, containing + extracts from the best Authors, with Vocabulary and Explanatory + Notes. By the SAME EDITORS. Price 4_s._ + + 3. HANDBOOK of GERMAN VOCABULARY. Price 4_s._ + + 4. THE FIRST FRENCH BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin + Book." By the Rev. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A. Price 5_s._ 6_d._ + + "Mr. Arnold has succeeded in preparing a work admirably adapted to + meet the wants of English students of the French language. The + philosophical explanation of the changes of consonants, together + with the frequent references to Latin words and idioms by way of + illustration and comparison, render it far superior as a + school-book to any other introduction, even from the pen of a + native writer. The sound principles of imitation and repetition + which have secured for the author a reputation widely extended and + well deserved are here happily exemplified. His account of the + differences of idiom is very satisfactory and complete: whoever + thoroughly masters it, will rarely want any thing further on the + subject."--_Athenæum._ + + 5. A KEY to the Exercises, by M. DELILLE. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ + + 6. HANDBOOK of FRENCH VOCABULARY. Price 4_s._ 6_d._ + + +NEW NUMBER OF MR. ARNOLD'S THEOLOGICAL CRITIC. + + Now ready, price 4_s._; (by post, 4_s._ 6_d._); the Fourth Number of + + THE THEOLOGICAL CRITIC; a Quarterly Journal. Edited by the Rev. + THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow + of Trinity College, Cambridge. + + This Journal embraces Theology in its widest acceptation, and + several articles of each Number are devoted to Biblical Criticism. + + CONTENTS.--1. Scipio de Ricci (_concluded_).--2. Galatians iii. + 19, 20.--3. On the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.--4. + On ἐφ' ᾧ in the New Testament.--5. Schmidt's Cathari, + or Albigenses.--6. Cycles of Egyptian Chronology.--7. The Madonna + of Ancona.--8. The Septuagint Version an Authentic and Valuable + Tradition.--9. Mesmerism.--10. "Things New and Old."--Notices of + Books received.--Contents of the Theological Journals. + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Now ready, The FIRST VOLUME, price 16_s._ 6_d._ + + +In royal 8vo. with a Plan and Sixteen Plates of Antiquities, price +12_s._ cloth, + + EBURACUM; or YORK UNDER THE ROMANS, by C. WELLBELOVED. + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN & CO.; York: R. SUNTER and H. SOTHERAN. + + +Now ready, Two New Volumes of + + THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD + FOSS, F.S.A. + + Volume Three, 1272-1377. Volume Four, 1377-1485. + + Lately published, price 14_s._ each, cloth, + + Volume One, 1066-1199. Volume Two, 1199-1272. + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE +BUILDINGS. + + Established 1806. + Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._ + Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._ + Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._ + + _President._ + The Right Honourable EARL GREY. + + _Directors._ + The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_. + Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_. + Henry B. Alexander, Esq. + George Dacre, Esq. + William Judd, Esq. + Sir Richard D. King, Bart. + The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird + Thomas Maugham, Esq. + William Ostler, Esq. + Apsley Pellatt, Esq. + George Round, Esq. + Frederick Squire, Esq. + William Henry Stone, Esq. + Capt. William John Williams. + + J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_. + + _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague + Street, Montague Square. + + NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED. + + Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses. + + Date of Policy. 1806 + Sum Insured. £2500 + Original Premium. £79 10 10 Extinguished + Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually. + £1222 2 0 + + Date of Policy. 1811 + Sum Insured. £1000 + Original Premium. £ 33 19 2 Ditto [Extinguished] + Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually. + £231 17 8 + + Date of Policy. 1818 + Sum Insured. £1000 + Original Premium. £ 34 16 10 Ditto [Extinguished] + Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually. + £114 18 10 + + Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies. + + Policy No. 521 + Date. 1807 + Sum Insured. £900 + Bonus added. £982 12 1 + Total with Additions to be further increased. £1882 12 1 + + Policy No. 1174 + Date. 1810 + Sum Insured. £1200 + Bonus added. £1160 5 6 + Total with Additions to be further increased. £2360 5 6 + + Policy No. 3392 + Date. 1820 + Sum Insured. £5000 + Bonus added. £3558 17 8 + Total with Additions to be further increased. £8558 17 8 + + Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application + to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the + United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. + 50. Regent Street. + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND + + ANNUITY SOCIETY, + + 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + + Founded A.D. 1812. + + _Directors._ + + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. + George Drew, Esq. + + _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., + Solicitor-General. + + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + + VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + + POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through + temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given + upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to + the conditions detailed in the Prospectus. + + Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age. £ _s._ _d._ + + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + + ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + + Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE + on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of + Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land + Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on + Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., + Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament + Street, London. + + +SPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS. + + Intending Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the + principles, rates, and whole provisions of the + + SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION + + with those of any existing company. + + In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the + policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal + liability. It claims superiority, however, over other mutual + offices in the following particulars. + + 1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See + specimens below. + + 2. A more accurate adjustment of the rates of premium to the + several ages. + + 3. A principle in the division of the surplus more safe, + equitable, and favourable to good lives. + + 4. Exemption from entry money. + + Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits. + + ------------------------------------------------------------------ + Age 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 + -------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------- + 1 15 8 | 1 18 0 | 2 1 6 | 2 6 10 | 2 14 9 | 3 4 9 | 4 1 7 | 5 1 11 + ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + [Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits, payable for 21 + years only.] + + ------------------------------------------------------------- + Age 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 + -------+--------+--------+--------+-------+---------+-------- + 2 7 0 | 2 10 8 | 2 14 6 | 2 19 8 | 3 6 4 | 3 14 9 | 4 7 2 + ------------------------------------------------------------- + + All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud. + + Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of + the Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be + forwarded (gratis) on application at the London Office, 12. + Moorgate Street. + + GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London. + + +Just Published, + + ALMANACKS FOR 1852. + + WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with + Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public + Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for + Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the + Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses; + Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars + respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with + Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars + of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities, + &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of + Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions + to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful + to all Clergymen, price in cloth 3_s._ or 5_s._ as a pocket-book + with tuck. + + THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will + contain, in addition to the more than usual contents of an + Almanack for Family Use, a List of the Universities of the United + Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the + various Colleges connected with the Church of England, Roman + Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete + List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of + the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is + added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of + Council on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for + Teachers; compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six + pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; + Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat + wrapper. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +CAB FARE MAP.--H. WALKER'S CAB FARE and GUIDE MAP of LONDON contains all +the principal streets marked in half-miles, each space adding 4_d._ to +the fare, the proper charge is instantly known; also an abstract of the +Cab Laws, luggage, situation of the cab stands, back fares, lost +articles, &c. Price 1_s._ coloured; post free 2_d._ extra.--1. Gresham +Street West, and all Booksellers. + + +THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. + + The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. + The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " + The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Fine True Ripe Rich + Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " + + 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by + + PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS, No. 8. King William Street, City, + London. + + +LEXICA + + ON SALE AT WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S. + + =Anglo-Saxon.=--ETTMUELLER (L.), LEXICON ANGLO-SAXONICUM cum + Synopsis Grammatica. Royal 8vo. 1851, 12_s._ + + =Arabic.=--FREYTAG (G. W.) LEXICON ARABICO-LATINUM acced. Index + Vocum Latinarum. 4 vols. 4to. 2_l._ 5_s._ + + ---- Abridged in one volume. 4to. 16_s._ + + =Armenian.=--AZARIAN (A. and S.), ARMENIAN, ITALIAN, GREEK, and + TURKISH DICTIONARY. 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Aboe, 1826. 21_s._ + + =Flemish.=--OLINGER, DICTIONNAIRE FLAMAND-FRANCAIS et + FRANCAIS-FLAMAND. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 1842. 24_s._ + + =French.=--BOISTE, DICTIONNAIRE UNIVERSELLE de la LANGUE + FRANCAISE, avec le Latine et l'Etymologie. 4to. 1847. 18_s._ + + ---- FLEMMING AND TIBBINS, GRAND ENGLISH and FRENCH, and FRENCH and + ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 thick volumes, imp. 4to. 2_l._ 12_s._ 6_d._ + + =Frisian.=--RICHTHOFEN (K. v.), ALTFRIESISCHES WÖRTERBUCH. 4to. + 1840. (Published at 20_s._), 8_s._ + + =German.=--ADELUNG, WÖRTERBUCH der HOCHDEUTSCHEN MUNDART. 4 vols. + royal 8vo. 1793-1802. (Published at 35_s._), 21_s._ + + ---- HEYSE, HANDWÖRTERBUCH der DEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. Complete in 3 + thick vols. 8vo. 1833-49. 24_s._ + + =German-English.=--HILPERT'S GERMAN and ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 4 + vols. 4to. Strongly half-bound morocco (publ. at 4_l._ 12_s._), + 3_l._ 12_s._ + + ---- The ENGLISH-GERMAN PART. 2 vols. 4to. Half-bound morocco, in + one volume, 1_l._ 8_s._ + + ---- The GERMAN-ENGLISH PART. 2 vols. 4to. Half-bound morocco, in + one volume, 2_l._ 8_s._ + + ---- FLUGEL'S OWN ENLARGED GERMAN and ENGLISH DICTIONARY, + containing Forty Thousand Words more than the late London or any + other edition. 2 very thick vols. 8vo. Cloth lettered. Leipsic. + (Published in Germany at 2_l._ 5_s._), 1_l._ 11_s._ 6_d._ + + =Gothic.=--GABELENTZ u. LOEBE, GLOSSARIUM der GOTHISCHEN SPRACHE. + 4to. 1843. 13_s._ 6_d._ + + ---- SCHULZE, GOTHISCHES GLOSSAR mit Vorrede v. JAC. GRIMM. 4to. + 1848. 18_s._ + + =Greek.=--BENFEY, GRIECHISCHES WURZEL-LEXICON. 2 vols. 8vo. + 1839-42. (Publ. at 27_s._), 13_s._ 6_d._ + + ---- PLANCHÉ, DICTIONNAIRE GREC-FRANCAIS. Composé sur le Thesaurus + de H. Etienne. Royal 8vo. cloth, 1845. 17_s._ 6_d._ + + =Greek (Modern).=--SCHMIDT, DICTIONNAIRE + GREC-MODERNE--FRANCAIS--ALLEMAND. 8vo. 1838. 8_s._ + + =Hebrew; Chaldae.=--GESENIUS, LEXICON MANUALE HEBRÆIC. et CHALD. + Ed. 2. Royal 8vo. 1848. 14_s._ 6_d._ + + ---- GESENIUS, THESAURUS PHILOLOG. CRIT. LING. HEBRÆÆ et CHALDEÆ. + Vols. I. to III. Part I. (all out). 4to. 1828-42 (Publ. at 3_l._ + 4_s._), 1_l._ 15_s._ + + ---- KIMCHI (RAB. DAV.) RADICUM LIBER, seu Hebræum Bibliorum + Lexicon. 4to. 1848. 15_s._ + + =Hungarian.=--BLOCH, UNGARISCH u. DEUTSCHES WÖRTERBUCH 2 vols. + 8vo. 1848. 12_s._ + + =Icelandic.=--HALDERSON (B.), LEXICON, ISLANDICO-LATINO-DANICUM + cur. RASK. 2 vols. 4to. 1814. 1_l._ 9_s._ + + =Illyrian.=--VOLTIGGI, ILLYRIAN ITALIAN-GERMAN DICTIONARY and + GRAMMAR. 610 pages. 8vo. Vienna. 6_s._ 6_d._ + + =Italian.=--BUTTURA, DICTIONNAIRE ITALIEN-FRANÇAIS et FRANÇ.-ITAL. + 2 vols. 8vo. 1832. 10_s._ + + =Jakutsh.=--BÖHTLINGK (O.), WÖRTERBUCH, GRAMMATIK, TEXT ÜBER DIE + SPRACHE DER JAKUTEN. 4to. Petersb. 1851. 20_s._ + + =Japanese.=--PFIZMAIER, WÖRTERBUCH DER JAPANES. SPRACHE. + (Japanese-German-English). Part I. Fol. 1851. 23_s._ + + =Javanese.=--GERICKE, JAVAANSCH-NEDERDUITSCH WOORDENBOEK uitg. d. + T. ROORDA. Royal 8vo. bds. 1848. 2_l._ 5_s._ + + =Lapland.=--IHRE, LEXICON LAPPONICUM, Gramm. Lapp. auct. 4to. + 1780. 30_s._ + + =Latin.=--FREUND (W.), WÖRTERBUCH DER LATEIN. SPRACHE. 4 vols. + royal 8vo. (5,000 pages). 1846. (Publ. at 4_l._) 2_l._ 6_s._ + + =Lithuanian.=--NESSELMANN, WÖRTERBUCH DER LITTHAUISCHEN SPRACHE. + Royal 8vo. 1851. 10_s._ 6_d._ + + =Malay.=--WILDE (A. de), NEDERL. MALAEISCH-SONDASCH. WOERDENBOEK. + 8vo. 1841. 10_s._ 6_d._ + + =Mongol.=--SCHMIDT, MONGOLISCH-DEUTSCH-RUSSISCH. WÖRTERBUCH. 4to. + 1835. 1_l._ 8_s._ + + =Norse.=--AASEN (J.), ORDBOG over det NORSKE FOLKESPROG. Royal + 8vo. 1850. 10_s._ + + =Ossetic.=--SJÖGREN, OSSETISCH-DEUTSCH u. DEUTSCH-OSSETISCHES + WÖRTERBUCH, mit Grammatik. 4to. Petersb. 1844. 12_s._ + + =Persian.=--SAMACHSCHARI, LEXICON ARABICUM-PERSICUM atque + INDICEM ARABICUM, adj. WETZSTEIN. 4to. bds. 1850. 27_s._ + + =Polish-English= and ENGLISH-POLISH DICTIONARY, compiled from + Linde, Mrongovius, &c. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 1851. 20_s._ + + =Polyglot.=--REEHORST, POLYGLOT MARINER'S and MERCHANT'S + DICTIONARY, in English, Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, French, + Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian. Obl. 8vo. (Publ. at + 20_s._) 5_s._ + + =Russian.=--HEYM, DICTIONNAIRE RUSSE, FRANÇAIS et ALLEMANDE. + Second Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. 1844. 1_l._ 7_s._ + + ---- RUSSIAN-ENGLISH and ENGLISH-RUSSIAN POCKET-DICTIONARY. 1846. + 3_s._ 6_d._ + + =Sanscrit.=--BOPP (F.), GLOSSARIUM SANSCRITUM COMPARATIV. 4to. + 1847. 20_s._ + + ---- WESTERGAARD, RADICES LINGUÆ SANSCRITÆ. Royal 8vo. 1841. + (Publ. at 34_s._) 12_s._ + + =Slavonic (Old).=--NICKLOSICH (F.), LEXICON LINGUÆ SLOVENICÆ + VETERIS DIALECTI. 4to. 1850. 12_s._ + + =Swedish= and ENGLISH POCKET-DICTIONARY. 16mo. 1845. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + =Syriac.=--CASTELLI, LEXICON SYRIACUM, ed. MICHAELIS. 2 vols. 4to. + 1788. (Publ. at 22_s._ 6_d._) 6_s._ + + =Teutonic.=--GRAFF, ALTHOCHDEUTSCHER SPRACHSCHATZ od. WÖRTERBUCH + der ALTDEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. 7 vols. 4to. (Publ. at 7_l._) 2_l._ + 12_s._ 6_d._ + + ---- MEIDINGER, DICTIONNAIRE COMPARATIF et ETYMOLOGIQUE des + LANGUES TEUTO-GOTHIQUES. Royal 8vo. 1836. 12_s._ + + ---- ZIEMANN (A.) MITTELHOCHDEUTSCHES WÖRTERBUCH, nebst gram. + Einleitung. Royal. 8vo. 1828. (Publ. at 17_s._ 6_d._) 8_s._ + + =Tibetan.=--SCHMIDT, TIBETANISCH-DEUTSCHES WÖRTERBUCH. 4to. + Petersb. 1841. 28_s._ + + 14. HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. + + +NEW EDITIONS. + + I. + + A New Edition of + + THE POETICAL WORKS OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, including the "Lord of the + Isles," and a variety of other Copyright Poetry, contained in no + other Pocket Edition. With a Life of Scott, and Illustrations on + Wood and Steel. 12mo. handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, + 5_s._, or large paper, with additional Engravings, 6_s._ 6_d._ + + II. + + A New Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The + Tales of a Grandfather." 12mo., illustrated by numerous Engravings + on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, gilt leaves, 4_s._ + + III. + + A New Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The + Tales of a Grandfather." 3 vols. 12mo., illustrated by numerous + Engravings on Wood and Steel, and handsomely bound in cloth, + 12_s._, extra cloth, gilt edges, 15_s._ + + IV. + + Three volumes in one, profusely illustrated, cloth, gilt edges, + 7_s._ Separate volumes, cloth, gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._ + + READINGS FOR THE YOUNG. Selected from the Works of Sir WALTER + SCOTT, containing + + 1. Tales of Chivalry and the Olden Time. + 2. Historical and Romantic Narratives. + 3. Scottish Scenes and Characters. + + V. + + An Illustrated Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF PALESTINE, by DR. KITTO. From the Patriarchal Age + to the present time, with introductory chapters on the Geography + and Natural History of the Country, and on the Customs and + Institutions of the Hebrews. 12mo. Illustrated by upwards of 200 + Engravings on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, 6_s._, or + with gilt leaves, 6_s._ 6_d._ + + VI. + + A Second Edition of + + VIEWS OF CANADA AND THE COLONISTS. Embracing the Experience of an + Eight Years' Residence; Views of the Present State, Progress, and + Prospects of the Colony; with detailed and practical Information + for intending Emigrants. By JAS. B. BROWN. Small 8vo., with a Map, + price 4_s._ 6_d._ + + RECENTLY PUBLISHED. + + In a thick and closely-printed volume, price 16_s._ The Fourth + Edition of + + THE WEALTH OF NATIONS, by ADAM SMITH, LL.D. With a Life Of the + Author, Notes, and Supplemental Dissertations, by J. R. M'CULLOCH, + Esq. + + This edition contains elaborate NOTES ON OUR MONETARY SYSTEM, + REPEAL of the CORN and NAVIGATION LAWS, our COLONIAL POLICY, &c. + + The INDEX extends to fifty closely-printed pages, affording + facilities in the consultation of the work which no other edition + possesses to nearly so great an extent. + + "Adam Smith's errors, when he fell into any, are corrected: most + of the improvements made in his science since his time are + recorded; and the work is not only adapted to our age, but is a + history of past aberrations, and of the progress towards truth. + Mr. M'Culloch's great attainments are too well known to make any + work he publishes require any other notice or recommendation than + such a brief description as we have now given of the contents of + this."--_Economist._ + + In two volumes, price 3_l._, illustrated by 554 Engravings on + Wood, besides Maps, and Views on Steel, + + A CYCLOPÆDIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE. By JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A., + &c. &c. Assisted by forty able Scholars and Divines, British, + Continental, and American, whose initials are affixed to their + respective Contributions. + + "Among the contributors are to be recognised the names of many of + the most distinguished Biblical Scholars, both British and + Foreign. It is not, therefore, too much to say, that this + Cyclopædia surpasses every Biblical Dictionary which has preceded + it, and that it leaves nothing to be desired in such a work which + can throw light on the criticism, interpretation, history, + geography, archæology, and physical science of the + Bible."--_Horne's Introduction to the Critical Study of the + Scriptures._ + + In a beautifully printed volume, 8vo., price 10_s._ 6_d._, + illustrated by 336 Engravings on Wood, + + A CYCLOPÆDIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE FOR THE PEOPLE. By JOHN KITTO, + D.D., F.S.A., &c. This Work is studiously accommodated to the + wants of the great body of the religious public. It forms a + Popular Digest of the contents of the Two-volume Work, and + possesses the same superiority over Popular Dictionaries of its + class as the Original Work confessedly does over those which + aspire to higher erudition. To Parents, to Sunday School Teachers, + to Missionaries, and to all engaged, either statedly or + occasionally, in the important business of Biblical Education, the + volume is confidently recommended as "at once the most valuable + and the cheapest compendium of Bible Knowledge for the People + which has ever appeared in this country." + + In a handsome volume, strongly half-bound in morocco, with gilt + leaves, price 2_l._ 16_s._, + + BLACK'S GENERAL ATLAS OF THE WORLD. New Edition, Revised and + Corrected throughout, with Numerous additional Maps, and an Index + of 60,000 Names. + + The work is in every respect accommodated to the present advanced + state of geographical research, and whether on the ground of + Accuracy, Beauty of Execution, or Cheapness, the Publishers invite + a comparison with any work of its class. + + "We are now in possession of an 'Atlas' which comprehends every + discovery of which the present century can boast. It ought at once + to supersede all other works of the kind, and we earnestly + recommend those who are entrusted with the duty of education to + accept it as their standard of correctness."--_United Service + Gazette_, February 22, 1851. + + In one thick volume, 8vo., double columns, price 12_s._, the Tenth + Edition of + + A DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, DESIGNED FOR POPULAR USE. Containing an + Account of Diseases and their Treatment, including those most + frequent in Warm Climates; with Directions for Administering + Medicines; the Regulation of Diet and Regimen; and the Management + of the Diseases of Women and Children. By ALEXANDER MACAULAY, + M.D., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and + Physician Accoucheur to the New Town Dispensary. + + "Just such a work as every head of a family ought to have on his + book-shelf."--_Brighton Herald._ + + "If sterling merit might be the passport to success, this work + will obtain the most extensive celebrity."--_Bath Herald._ + + "Calculated to accomplish all that could be wished in a Popular + System of Medicine."--_Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal._ + + "We have seen nothing of the kind better adapted for + consultation."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "Decidedly the most useful book of the kind that has yet been + offered to the public."--_Caledonian Mercury._ + + ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, Edinburgh; and sold by all Booksellers. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 6, 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | + | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | + | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | + | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | + | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +110, December 6, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, December 6, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 1, 2012 [EBook #39338] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<h1> +<span id="idno">Vol. IV.—No. 110.</span> + +<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span> + +<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span> + +<span id="id2"> FOR</span> +<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span> + +</h1> + +<div class="center1"> +<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. IV.—No. 110.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, D<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEMBER</span> 6. 1851.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller"> Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition, 7<i>d.</i></p> + + + + + +<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2> + + + <p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:— </p> + + <div class="toc"> + + <p class="indh i5"> The Aborigines of St. Domingo, by Henry H. Breen <a title="Go to page 433" href="#Page_433">433</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> Mitigation of Capital Punishment to a Forger, by + Alfred Gatty <a title="Go to page 434" href="#Page_434">434</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> Passage in Jeremy Taylor <a title="Go to page 435" href="#Page_435">435</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple <a title="Go to page 435" href="#Page_435">435</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> Folk Lore:—Death Omen by Bees <a title="Go to page 436" href="#Page_436">436</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> The Caxton Coffer <a title="Go to page 436" href="#Page_436">436</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> Minor Notes:—Mental Almanac—Corruptions recognised + as acknowledged Words—Pasquinade—Epigram + on Erasmus—Etymology of London—Verses on + Shipmoney—Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna <a title="Go to page 436" href="#Page_436">436</a></p> + + </div> + + + <p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:—</p> + + + <div class="toc"> + + <p class="indh i5"> Additional Queries respecting General James Wolfe <a title="Go to page 438" href="#Page_438">438</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Christianity, when first introduced into Orkney <a title="Go to page 439" href="#Page_439">439</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607 <a title="Go to page 440" href="#Page_440">440</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Minor Queries:—"The Don," a Poem—John Lord + Frescheville—Meaning of "Pallant"—Rectitudines + Singularum Personarum—Sir Henry Tichborne's + Journal—Round Towers at Bhaugulpore—Johannes + Trithemius—Races in which Children are named after + the Mothers—Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, + and Residents from Foreign Courts—Critolaus + and the Horatii and Curiatii—Cabal—"Thus said the + Ravens black"—Symbols in Painting—Latin Verse + on Franklin—General Moyle—Musical Compositions + of Matthew Dubourg—Collodion, and its Application + to Photography—Engraved Portrait—Lines by Lord + Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to + forgive her Son when on her Death-bed <a title="Go to page 441" href="#Page_441">441</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span> + Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> + A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:—Kimmeroi, Cimbri, + Cymry—Dictionary of Musicians—City of London + Charter—St. Alkald <a title="Go to page 444" href="#Page_444">444</a></p> + + </div> + + <p class="larger"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:—</p> + + <div class="toc"> + + <p class="indh i5"> Plaids and Tartans <a title="Go to page 445" href="#Page_445">445</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Religious Statistics <a title="Go to page 445" href="#Page_445">445</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> Royal Library <a title="Go to page 446" href="#Page_446">446</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Damasked Linen <a title="Go to page 446" href="#Page_446">446</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> Vermin, Payments for Destruction of <a title="Go to page 447" href="#Page_447">447</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Was Raleigh in Virginia? <a title="Go to page 448" href="#Page_448">448</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Replies to Minor Queries:—Bunting's Irish + Melodies—Colonies + in England—"History of Anglesey," &c.—The + Lowey of Tunbridge—Praed's Works—John + Cumber—Punishment of Prince Edward of Carnarvon—Joceline's + Legacy—Bristol Tables—Grimsdyke + or Grimesditch—Derivation of "ra"—Scent + of the Bloodhound—Monk and Cromwell Families—"Truth + is that which a man troweth"—"Worse + than a Crime"—Verses in Classical Prose—Cruelty + of the Spaniards in Peru—Nolo Episcopari—Hougoumont—Call + a Spade, a Spade—"Tace is Latin + for a Candle"—Collars of SS.—Locusts of the New + Testament—Theodolite—"A Posie of other Men's + Flowers"—Voltaire—Sinatic Inscriptions—Le + Greene at Wrexham—Cross-legged Effigies—The + Word + <span title="[Greek: Adelphos]">Ἀδελφὸς</span>—Finger + Pillories—Blackloana Heresis—Quaker + Expurgated Bible—"Acu tinali merida" <a title="Go to page 452" href="#Page_452">452</a></p> + + </div> + + <p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:—</p> + + <div class="toc"> + + <p class="indh i5">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. <a title="Go to page 459" href="#Page_459">459</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Books and Odd Volumes wanted <a title="Go to page 460" href="#Page_460">460</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Notices to Correspondents <a title="Go to page 460" href="#Page_460">460</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Advertisements <a title="Go to page 460" href="#Page_460">460</a> + <span class="pagenum">[433]</span><a id="Page_433"></a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers and pages" href="#pageslist1" class="fnanchor">List of Notes and Queries volumes and pages</a></p> + +</div> + + + + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Notes.</span> +</h2> + +<h3> +<span>THE ABORIGINES OF ST. DOMINGO.</span> +</h3> + +<p>Perhaps you will kindly permit me to have recourse to + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" for the purpose of pointing out one or two errors in a letter +from Sir R. Schomburgk, which was read at the meeting of the British +Association on the 3rd July last, section of Geography and Ethnology. +This communication, entitled "Ethnological Researches in Santo Domingo," +and addressed to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, contains the +following statement: I quote from the <i>Athenum</i> of the 5th July:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "The extirpation of the pure Indian race prevented me from making + comparative inquiries between the still existing tribes of + Guiana, and those that once inhabited St. Domingo. My researches + were therefore restricted to what history and the few and poor + monuments have transmitted to us of their customs and manners. + Their language lives only in the names of places, rivers, trees, + and fruits; but all combine in declaring that the people who + bestowed these names were identical with the Carib and Arawaak + tribes of Guiana."</p> + +<p>The last sentence in this passage is obviously erroneous. That the +aboriginal inhabitants of the great Antilles (Santo Domingo, Cuba, +Porto-Rico, and Jamaica,) were identical with, or descended from, the +Arawaaks of Guiana, is an opinion which has long prevailed, and which +the circumstances stated by Sir R. Schomburgk tend to confirm. Indeed, +they are described by most writers as Indians <i>or</i> Arawaaks. But that +there was any identity between the Indians and the tribes known by the +name of Caribs, is an assertion totally at variance with the established +facts. In support, however, of this assertion, Sir R. Schomburgk appeals +to "history;" but what history, he does not state. I have perused, and +still possess, almost every work that was ever written on the history of +these islands; and they all lead to the conclusion, that the Indians of +Santo Domingo (also called Hispaniola and Haiti) were a totally distinct +race from the Caribs. The Indians were a mild, inoffensive people; the +Caribs a race of savages, some say, cannibals. The former were indolent +and effeminate; the latter fierce and<a id="Page_434"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[434]</span> + warlike. In short, no two +races ever presented such a striking disparity, not only in their +manners and customs, but in their features and personal appearance.</p> + +<p>The second error into which Sir R. Schomburgk has fallen, is where he +says:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "There are various proofs that the Caribs inhabited Santo + Domingo; among others, I found at the eastern point of the + island, called Junta Engao, numerous heaps of conch shells."</p> + +<p>The fact is, that the Caribs were the mortal enemies of the Indians. +They were engaged with them in the fiercest warfare, and made frequent +depredatory incursions into Santo Domingo and the other large islands. +But they never formed any settlements in those islands, and cannot be +said to have "inhabited" any of them, in the sense in which that word is +used by Sir R. Schomburgk.</p> + +<p>Whenever the Caribs in any of the lesser Antilles projected an +expedition against the Indians, they provided themselves with clubs and +poisoned arrows, and set off in their canoes. On their way, they touched +at most of the other small islands; and with their conch shells, of +which they always kept a supply, they summoned their brother Caribs to +join the expedition. As the fleet of canoes approached St. Domingo (the +principal theatre of their depredations) they glided silently along the +coast, and secreted themselves in some sheltered bay, till the darkness +of the night enabled them to emerge from their hiding places. Then, with +the most savage yells and war-whoops, accompanied by the blowing of +shells, they pounced upon the nearest village, beating down with their +clubs such of the Indians as had not taken refuge in flight. In these +encounters, however, the Caribs were not always victorious. If the +Indians were less robust and warlike than their invaders, they were also +far more numerous; and it sometimes happened that the Caribs were driven +back to their canoes with much slaughter. In all hand-to-hand conflicts +the conch shells would easily get detached, or, becoming an incumbrance, +would be thrown aside; and the Indians, finding them on the field of +battle, may be supposed to have piled them up as so many trophies.</p> + +<p>As the Caribs were incited to these incursions by the prospect of +plunder among a race of people their superiors in the arts of +civilisation, but chiefly from their inveterate hatred to the Indians, +so the moment they had accomplished their object, they lost no time in +retreating from a country where a longer sojourn would only have +afforded their enemies an opportunity of risings <i>en masse</i>, and +exterminating them by the superiority of their numbers.</p> + +<p>These facts are sufficient to account for the heaps of shells found by +Sir R. Schomburgk, and for the other traces of the Caribs which he +appears to have discovered in St. Domingo, without resorting to the +supposition that the Caribs had actually "inhabited" that island, or +warranting the conclusion that the two races were identical.</p> + + <p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN.</span></p> + +<p class="left"> St. Lucia, Sept. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>MITIGATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT TO A FORGER.</span> +</h3> + +<p>The well-known cases of Dr. D. the divine and Mr. F. the banker, who +were executed for forgery, notwithstanding the powerful intercessions +that were made in their behalf, induced me to suppose that any +mitigation of punishment under similar circumstances used to be a very +rare occurrence; and, if so, that a curious instance of successful +application for mercy may interest some readers of + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>."</p> + +<p>A young man of respectable Scotch connexions settled in a town in the +north of England as a merchant, and soon afterwards made an offer of +marriage to a young lady of the same place. Her parents rejected his +suit, on the ground of his not being sufficiently established in +business, and he seemed to acquiesce in their decision. In a short time, +however, the young merchant took possession of larger premises than he +had hitherto occupied, and showed other symptoms of wishing to have it +understood that his fortunes were improving. But these appearances were +of short duration. He was suddenly arrested, and committed to take his +trial at the ensuing assizes on several charges of forgery. Immediately +after his arrest, a sister of singularly energetic character arrived +from Scotland, and applied to the father of my informant for +professional aid. This gentleman told her that he never touched criminal +business, and declined to interfere. But she was no common client, and +it ended in his undertaking to prepare the defence of her brother, and +receiving her into his house as a guest. Her immediate object was to +prevent the prosecutors pressing their charges at the trial; and, by her +indefatigable management, she succeeded with all, except the L——bank, +the directors of which, as a matter of principle, were inexorable to her +entreaties. The trial came on at an early period of the assize, and the +prisoner was found guilty, and condemned to be hanged. His sister left +the court, and instantly proceeded to Scotland. There were no railways +in those days, and she had to rely on coaches and post-chaises, and she +travelled for four days and nights successively, without stopping or +removing her clothes, and carrying a petition with her from house to +house amongst her titled and powerful Scotch friends.</p> + +<p>With this she returned to the city at which the assizes had been held, +just as they were concluded. The two judges were in the act of +descending through the cathedral nave, after partaking of the<a id="Page_435"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[435]</span> +holy sacrament, when the petitioner cast herself at their feet, and +held forth her document. Baron G. was notorious for his unflinching +obduracy; but her devotion and energy were irresistible. He received her +petition; and her brother's sentence was eventually commuted to +transportation for life. But his story is not yet finished. The forger +was placed in the hulks prior to transportation; and, before this took +place, he had forged a pass or order from the Home Secretary's office +for his own liberation, which procured his release, and he was never +afterwards heard of.</p> + +<p>This "Jeanie Deans," who was the means of saving the life of her +unworthy relative, was described to me as a person of extraordinary +force of character. Indeed it could not have been otherwise. She +prevailed with the solicitor, who before had been a stranger both to her +and her brother; with the main body of the prosecutors; with the +petitioners in Scotland; and ultimately with the judge himself. My +friend, who lived in his father's house during the several weeks she +stayed there, told me, that, night and morning when he passed her door, +she was always in audible prayer; and he was convinced that her success +was attributable to her prayers having been <i>extraordinarily</i> answered. +Her subsequent fate, even in this world, was a happy one. She became a +wife and a mother, and possibly is so still.</p> + +<p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>PASSAGE IN JEREMY TAYLOR.</span> +</h3> + +<p>It may not be useless or uninteresting to the readers of Bishop Jeremy +Taylor to bring under their notice a point in which the editor of the +last edition seems to have fallen into an error. In Part II. of the +Sermon "On the Invalidity of a Death-bed Repentance" (p. 395.), the +Bishop says:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Only be pleased to observe this one thing: that this place of + Ezekiel [<i>i.e.</i> xviii. 21.] is it which is so often mistaken for + that common saying, 'At what time soever a sinner repents him of + his sins from the bottom of his heart, I will put all his + wickedness out of my remembrance, saith the Lord:' yet there are + no such words in the whole Bible, nor any nearer to the sense of + them, than the words I have now read to you out of the prophet + Ezekiel."</p> + +<p>Now the editor, as a reference for this "common saying," says in a +note—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "* See Jer. xviii. 7, 8.:"</p> + +<p class="noindent">whence I suppose that he thinks that text to be the nearest quotation to +it that can be found. But he has altogether overlooked the fact that +this "common saying" is, as the Bishop has here quoted it, the exact +form in which the first of the sentences at the beginning of Morning +Prayer occurs in the Second Book of Edward, and down to the time of the +last review, with the exception of the Scotch book. As it did not agree +with the translation of the Bible then in use, Bishop Taylor seems to +have considered it as a paraphrase. This also is the view which +Chillingworth took of it, who makes this reflection on it, in a sermon +preached before Charles I.:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "I would to God (says he) the composers of our Liturgy, out of a + care of avoiding mistakes, and to take away occasion of cavilling + our Liturgy, and out of fear of encouraging carnal men to + security in sinning, had been so provident as to set down in + terms the first sentence, taken out of the 18th of Ezekiel, and + not have put in the place of it an ambiguous, and (though not in + itself, but accidentally, by reason of the mistake to which it is + subject) I fear very often a pernicious paraphrase: for whereas + they make it, '<i>At what time soever ... saith the Lord</i>;' the + plain truth, if you will hear it, is, the Lord doth not say so; + these are not the very words of God, but the paraphrase of men."</p> + +<p>Thus, I think, it is evident that this "sentence" has nothing to do with +the passage of Jeremiah to which the editor refers us; and its being +read continually in the church explains the application of the word +"common" to it in this place.</p> + +<p>While on this subject I would go on to mention that both Chillingworth +and Taylor seemed to have erred in calling it a paraphrase, and saying +that it does not occur in the Bible; for according to L'Estrange (c. +iii. n. F.) the sentence is taken from the Great Bible, or Coverdale's +translation. It is, however, remarkable that this fact should not have +been known to these divines.</p> + +<p class="right"> F. A.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>PARALLEL PASSAGES.</span> +</h3> + +<p>I send you two parallels on the subject of Death and Sleep, Nature the +art of God, &c.</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "How wonderful is death—</p> + <p> Death and his brother sleep!"</p> + + <p class="author">Shelley, <i>Queen Mab</i>.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Since the Brother of Death daily haunts us with dying mementoes."</p> + + <p class="author">Sir T. Browne, <i>Hydriotaphia</i>.</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="small" /> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Oh! what a wonder seems the fear of death,</p> + <p>Seeing how gladly we all sink to sleep,</p> + <p>Babes, children, youths, and men,</p> + <p>Night following night, for threescore years and ten!"</p> + + <p class="author">Coleridge, <i>Monody on Chatterton</i>.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p>"A sleep without dreams, after a rough day</p> + <p>Of toil, is what we covet most; and yet</p> + <p>How clay slinks back from more quiescent clay!"</p> + + <p class="author"><i>Byron</i> (reference lost).</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="small" /> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "In brief all things are artificial; for Nature is the art of God."</p> + + <p class="author">Sir T. Browne, <i>Religio Medici</i>, p. 32. (St. John's edit.)</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "The course of Nature is the art of God."</p> + + <p class="author"> Young, <i>Night Thoughts</i>, <span class="smcap lowercase">IX</span>. +<a id="Page_436"></a><span class="pagenum">[436]</span></p> + +</div> + +<hr class="small" /> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Princes are like to heavenly bodies, which cause good or evil + times, and <i>which have much veneration, but no rest</i>."</p> + + <p class="author">Bacon, <i>Essay 20.</i>, "Of Empire."</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Kings are like stars—they rise and set—<i>they have</i></p> + <p> <i>The worship of the world, but no repose</i>."</p> + + <p class="author">Shelley, <i>Hellas</i>.</p> + +</div> + +<p>The following are not exactly parallel, but being "in pari materia," are +sufficiently curious and alike to merit annotation:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "But the common form [of urns] with necks was a proper figure, + making our last bed like our first: nor much unlike the urns of + our nativity, while we lay in the nether part of the earth, and + inward vault of our microcosm."</p> + + <p class="author">Sir T. Browne, <i>Hydriotaphia</i>, p. 221. (St. John's edit.)</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"The babe is at peace within the womb,</p> + <p>The corpse is at rest within the tomb.</p> + <p> We begin in what we end." </p> + + <p class="author">Shelley, <i>Fragments</i>.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + <p> "The grave is as the womb of the earth."</p> + + <p class="author">Pearson <i>on the Creed</i>, p. 162.</p> + +</div> + + <p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ARRY</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">EROY</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">EMPLE.</span></p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>FOLK LORE.</span> +</h3> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Death Omen by Bees.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—It is not wonderful that the remarkable instincts +and intelligence of the honey-bee, its domesticity, and the strong +affinity of its social habits to human institutions, should make it the +object of many superstitious observances, and I think it probable that +if enquiry be made of that class of people amongst whom such branches of +folk-lore are most frequently found lingering, other prejudices +respecting bees than those lately noticed by some of your correspondents +might be discovered.</p> + +<p>If the practice of making the bees acquainted with the mortuary events +of the family ever prevailed in that part of Sussex from whence I write, +I think it must be worn out, for I have not heard of it. But there is +another superstition, also appertaining to mortality, which is very +generally received, and which is probably only one of a series of such, +and amongst which it is probable the practice before-mentioned might +once be reckoned. Some years since the wife of a respectable cottager in +my neighbourhood died in childbed. Calling on the widower soon after, I +found that although deeply deploring a loss which left him several +motherless children, he spoke calmly of the fatal termination of the +poor woman's illness, as an inevitable and foregone conclusion. On being +pressed for an explanation of these sentiments, I discovered that both +him and his poor wife had been "warned" of the coming event by her going +into the garden a fortnight before her confinement, and discovering that +their bees, in the act of swarming, had made choice of a <i>dead hedge +stake for their settling-place</i>. This is generally considered as an +infallible sign of a death <i>in the family</i>, and in her situation it is +no wonder that the poor woman should take the warning to herself; +affording, too, another example of how a prediction may assist in +working out its own fulfilment.</p> + +<p>Seeing that another P-urveyor to your useful P-ages has assumed the same +signature as myself, for the future permit me, for contradistinction, to +be—</p> + + <p class="right"> "J. P. P.," but not "C<span class="smcap lowercase">LERK +OF THIS</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ARISH</span>."</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>THE CAXTON COFFER.</span> +</h3> + +<p>Did Caxton ever print his name C<span class="smcap lowercase">AUSTON</span> or +C<span class="smcap lowercase">AWSTON</span>, or is it ever found +so spelt? He tells us, in the preface or prologue to his <i>Recuyell of +the Historyes of Troye</i>, "that I was born and learned mine English in +Kent, in the Weald." The only locality in Kent which I can discover at +all approximating in its name to Caxton, is Causton, a manor in the +parish of Hadlow, in the Weald of Kent, <i>held of the honor of Clare</i>. +This manor was, in the fourteenth century, possessed by the family of +"De Causton;" how and when it passed from them I have been unable to +ascertain with certainty, possibly not long before the birth of William +Caxton. In 1436, Beatrice Bettenham entails it on the right heirs of her +son, Thomas Towne, by which entail it came into the family of Watton of +Addington Place, who owned it in 1446. The honor of Clare, and the +forest, &c. of South Frith, closely adjoining Causton, descended through +one of the co-heiresses of Gilbert de Clare to Richard Duke of York, +father of the Duchess of Burgundy and Edward IV., whose widow, Cicely, +continued in possession till her death. I name the owners of the manor +of Causton, and the chief lords of whom it was held, as affording, +perhaps, some clue to identification, should any of your correspondents +be inclined to take up the inquiry. I need hardly add that the +difference between the two names of Causton and Caxton is of little +moment should other circumstances favour the chances that Causton in +Hadlow may claim the honour of having given birth to our illustrious +printer, or that he was descended from the owners of that manor.</p> + + <p class="right"> L. B. L.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span> +</h3> + +<h4> +<span><i>Mental Almanac</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 203.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The additive number for this +month of December, is 6. Hence next Sunday is 1 + 6 = the 7th of +December. Christmas Day will be 25, less 20, that is 5, or Thursday.</p> + + <p class="right"> A. E. B.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 313.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The +first person who settled in Honduras was the celebrated buccaneer +Wallis, in 1638, from whom the principal town and river were named. The +Spaniards called it <i>Valis</i>; and<a id="Page_437"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[437]</span> + <i>v</i> and <i>b</i> having the same +pronunciation in Spanish, it became <i>Balis</i>, then <i>Balize</i>, <i>Belize</i>, +the actual name.</p> + + <p class="right"> P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILIP</span> S. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span>.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Pasquinade</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 292.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Will A. B. R. allow me to correct one +or two to typographical errors in the Italian version of his clever +epigram? In the first place "<i>Piu</i>," in both places where it occurs, +should be "<i>Pio</i>," which the sense demands, while <i>Piu</i> is downright +nonsense. What A. B. R. <i>intended</i> to write was no doubt:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Quando Papa o' Cardinale</p> + <p> Chies' Inglese tratta male,</p> + <p> <i>Quel che</i> chiamo quella gente</p> + <p>Pio? No-no, <i>ne</i> sapiente."</p> + +</div> + +<p>The alteration in the third line is required both by sense and metre, +which last is octosyllabic; and <i>chiamo</i> is pronounced as a dissyllable, +as are also <i>chiesa</i> and <i>-piente</i>.</p> + + <p class="right">E. S. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span>.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Epigram on Erasmus.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—The following epigram, written in a fly-leaf of a +copy of the <i>Epistol Obscuroram Virorum</i>, published at Frankfort, 1624, +in the possession of a friend, is commended to your notice; not, +however, without a suspicion of its having been printed already:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p>"Ut Rhadamantheum stetit ante tribunal Erasmus,</p> + <p> Ante jocos scribens serio damnor, ait</p> + <p> Cui Judex, libri dant seria damna jocosi,</p> + <p> Si tibi culpa jocus, sit tibi pœna jocus."</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p class="i5"> <i>Anglic</i>, T. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORBETT</span>.</p> +<p> "Erasmus standeinge fore hell's tribune said,</p> + <p>For writeinge iest I am in earnest paid.</p> + <p>The iudge replied, Iests will in earnest hurt,</p> + <p> Sport was thy fault, then let thy paine be sport."</p> +</div> + +</div> + +<p class="right"> D. B. J.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Etymology of London.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—I believe the word London has never yet received +a satisfactory explanation, and it is, perhaps, too late in the day to +try to explain it entirely. It has always, however, been supposed that +it was significant in the old British language. It has been explained as +"the town of ships," the final syllable <i>don</i>, formerly <i>dun</i>, meaning a +town. Several other explanations have been given also on the same +principle, namely, that the final syllable meant a town or fortified +place, and the first was the characteristic distinguishing it from other +towns or <i>duns</i> in the neighbourhood.</p> + +<p>This mode of explanation is repugnant to the general principles of +British topographical nomenclature: for they generally put the general +name first, and the characteristic last. Might the first syllable "Lon" +not be a corruption of the British "Llan," so common yet in names of +places, and so universally retained in Wales to this day? Llan means a +level place generally, as most of your readers who are versant in those +subjects know. The <i>don</i> is not so easily explained, but perhaps some of +your readers may be able to assist in finding a meaning.</p> + +<p>"Don" might indeed still mean an enclosed strong place, and the meaning +of the whole word "London" would then be <i>Llandun</i>, or "the level ground +near the fort or strong camp." Perhaps some of your correspondents may +be able to offer something confirmatory or adverse to this explanation, +and in either case I should join with the rest of your readers in +thanking them.</p> + + <p class="right">M. C. E.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Verses on Shipmoney.</i>—</span> +</h4> + +<p class="blockquot"> "A coppy of certaine Verses dispersed in and about London in + febr. 1634 in y<span class="topnum">e</span> +10<span class="topnum">th</span> year of + y<span class="topnum">e</span> Raigne of y<span class="topnum">e</span> King Charls + occasioned by y<span class="topnum">e</span> eager prosecucon of Shipmoney, and + Imprisonm<span class="topnum">ts</span> therefore.</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p> "The Cittie Cofers abounding with Treasure,</p> + <p>Can pay this ship Tribute, and doe poor men pleasure</p> + <p> To save that Pelfe: the more is the pitty,</p> + <p> The Grey Cloaks divide it and yet tax the Citty.</p> + <p> A p'sent there being small occasion for Gold</p> + <p>Hast thether Collectors, 'tis time it were tould</p> + <p> And taken from such citty Asses:</p> + <p>Mony whom sly Proiects easily passes,</p> + <p>And speedily conveyt to Court</p> + <p> Wher they to see it will make sport,</p> + <p> And set out Shipps from Puddle dock</p> + <p>To scoure y<span class="topnum">e</span> seas. A pretty mock</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p> "If that this ship Tribute be not speedily paid</p> + <p> Pycrust Lord Maior saith in Newgate you shall be laid,</p> + <p> Wher you shall see rogues, theeves, and vile knaves,</p> + <p> Yet none so bad as are Tributarie Slaves.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p> "If men like Pycrust could make so great gain</p> + <p> As xx<span class="topnum">ty</span> in y<span class="topnum">e</span> hundred to Irish mens paine</p> + <p> For moneys lent, some reason ther were,</p> + <p> To pay this ship Tribute w<span class="topnum">th</span>out wit or feare.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p> "O crewell hard Pycrust though pay all men must</p> + <p> This crewell hard Tribute cause thou art uniust</p> + <p> And favourest this Project, when laid in thy grave</p> + <p> All good men will say then: Parkhurst was a knave.</p> + + <p class="i5">"Finis." </p> + <p class="author">(From a MS. at Oxford.)</p> + +</div> + +</div> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—In case you do not happen to possess +a correct copy of the inscription on Columbus's bust and tablet in the +cathedral at Havanna, I send you one, and my translation of it, for the +benefit of those who may not make out the force and beauty of the +"loge."</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p> "O restos e imagen del grande Colon,</p> + <p> Mil siglos durad guardados en la urna,</p> + <p> Y en la remembranza de nuestra nacion!"</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p> "O remains and image of the great Columbus,</p> + <p class="i3"> [ages]</p> + <p>For a thousand centuries rest ye securely in this urn,</p> + <p> And in the remembrance of our nation."<a id="Page_438"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[438]</span></p> +</div> + +</div> + +<p>The bust is a mean and ill-executed one; although a late "lady" +authoress <i>has</i> a different opinion of its merits. It is stiff and +wooden-looking, and, still worse, the right cheek, and <i>side of the head +too</i>, are comparatively <i>flattened.</i> Within it, built into the wall, are +the "restos," the dust and bones, in the urn. Beneath the epitaph is a +date of "1822"—the year, I presume, of the bust being "set up." It +stands abreast of the altar, and on the right hand, the head of the bust +being about six feet from the ground. I visited the interesting spot +only a few days ago, as soon as possible after my landing, for the first +time, in that truly noble city the Havana (or, in the Spanish, Habana).</p> + +<p class="right"> A. L.</p> + +<p class="left"> West Indies.</p> + + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Queries.</span> +</h2> + +<h3> +<span>ADDITIONAL QUERIES RESPECTING GENERAL JAMES WOLFE.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 271. 322.)</span> +</h3> + +<p>I beg to thank the six gentlemen who have so promptly and courteously +responded to my Queries respecting this admirable soldier. The +information they have communicated is valuable and interesting, and +tends to remove much of the obscurity that had attended my researches +into the earlier portion of his history; and I feel greatly obliged to +your correspondents. Still, some of my Queries are unanswered, and I +venture to repeat these, in the hope that the information wanted may be +elicited.</p> + +<p>1. Where was James Wolfe educated?</p> + +<p>2. His <i>first</i>, and subsequent, military services?</p> + +<p>3. How long was he stationed in Scotland; on what duty; and in what +places? [He was in the North in 1749 and 1750; but I have reason to +believe some years earlier.]</p> + +<p>4. Was he at the battle of Culloden, in 1746?</p> + +<p>As some of the gentlemen, in kindly answering my inquiries, have raised +certain points on which additional information may be mutually given and +received, I take leave to offer the following remarks to these +respondents, <i>seriatim</i>.</p> + +<p>I.—To H. G. D.</p> + +<p>In corroboration of your statement, that the correct date of Wolfe's +birth is 2nd January, 1727 (not 1726, as alleged by some), I am enabled +to cite his own authority. One of his autograph letters in my +possession, dated Glasgow, 2nd April, 1749, states, "<i>I am but +twenty-two and three months</i>;" which answers precisely to your time.</p> + +<p>You mention that his mother came from, or near, Deptford, and that her +Christian name was Henrietta. I am enabled to mention that her surname +was <i>Thompson</i>, and that her brother Edward was member of parliament for +Plymouth, prior to 1759. Does this give you any clue to Wolfe's mother's +family; and particularly whether his maternal grandfather was a military +man?</p> + +<p>May I further inquire—</p> + +<p>1. Whether Wolfe's <i>father</i> was a native of Westerham; or merely +quartered there when his illustrious son was born?</p> + +<p>2. You allude to two houses at Westerham. Were these General Edward +Wolfe's property; or if not, what had led to the family residing there +so long, as they seem, from your remarks, to have done?</p> + +<p>3. Who was Sir Jeffrey Amherst, and in what manner did he "patronise +Wolfe"? Was he any relation of the General Amherst, commander-in-chief +in British America, who was to have supported young Wolfe in the attack +on Quebec in 1759.</p> + +<p>4. Who is the present representative of Wolfe's family?</p> + +<p>You mention that you are uncertain when and where James Wolfe <i>first</i> +served. I have experienced the very same difficulty. It seems strange +that his biographers have been so meagre in the details of his life. It +has been said that Wolfe's first effort in arms was as a volunteer under +his father, in the unlucky expedition against Carthagena, in 1740, +commanded by Lord Cathcart. But I cannot find proper authority for this.</p> + +<p>You farther state, that Wolfe was ardently attached to Colonel Barr. It +is curious enough that their introduction to each other was chiefly in +consequence of a letter which Barr carried to Wolfe, from the officer +to whom Wolfe's letters in my possession are addressed. In one of these, +dated "Portsmouth, 7th Feb. 1758," Wolfe, after speaking favourably of +Barr, states—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "I did not know that Barr was your friend, nor even your + acquaintance. Now that I do know it, I shall value him the + more.... I trust I shall have good reason to thank the man that + mentioned him. Nay, I am already overpaid, by the little that I + did, by drawing out of his obscurity so worthy a gentleman. I + never saw his face till very lately, nor ever spoke ten words to + him before I ventured to propose him as a Major of Brigade."</p> + +<p class="noindent">And he adds:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Barr and I have the great apartment of a three-decked ship to + revel in, but, with all this space, and fresh air, I am sick to + death. Time, I suppose, will deliver me from these sufferings + [sea-sickness], though in former trials I never could overcome + it", &c.</p> + +<p>I cordially assent to your encomium on England's young general.</p> + +<p>II.—To Y<span class="smcap lowercase">UNAFF</span>.</p> + +<p>The lady to whom the affectionate and touching lines you have quoted +were addressed was Miss Louther, a sister of Sir James Louther; rich, +highly accomplished, and most amiable. Wolfe was to have been married to +her, had he returned<a id="Page_439"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[439]</span> + from Quebec. She was very averse to his +accepting the command. But nothing could stay his military ardour, even +though in indifferent health. Well might the epithet be applied to +him—"favourite son of Minerva."</p> + +<p>Miss Louther was an object of general sympathy, after her brave lover's +fall; and some of the periodicals of the day contain beautiful verses, +addressed to her, appropriate to the occasion. This lady's <i>name</i> is not +mentioned in any of Wolfe's letters in my possession; but an <i>allusion</i> +is made to her incidentally. She was a favourite with the old general +and Mrs. Wolfe. In one of the early letters a graphic description is +given by young Wolfe of another lady of rank, with whom he was much +smitten. That was before he paid his addresses, however, to Miss +Louther. But I do not feel at liberty to break the seal of confidence +under which this information was communicated in Wolfe's letter, though +at the distance of one hundred years, by mentioning farther particulars.</p> + +<p>May I ask if the verses in your possession are signed by Wolfe; or in +his autograph; and dated? It would be very interesting to have precise +information, tending to identity Wolfe as the author of these lines.</p> + +<p>III.—To W. A.</p> + +<p>I shall be glad to know the contents of the petition, dated February, +1746, and of the six letters mentioned by you. They may throw some light +on Wolfe's history. Will you allow me to communicate with you on this +subject, by letter, through the Editor, as I reside at a distance from +London?</p> + +<p>IV.—To J. H. M.</p> + +<p>The packet of Wolfe's letters in my possession was never shown to +Southey. They were discovered only three years ago. I believe Southey +intended to write a memoir of Wolfe, but I am not aware that he carried +his intentions into effect. The letters in my care were published in +<i>Tait's Edinburgh Magazine</i>, December, 1849, under the title "Original +Correspondence of General Wolfe." I shall feel obliged by any +information you possess regarding the <i>other</i> collection of Wolfe's +letters which you believe to exist. Pray, where are they to be seen?</p> + + <p class="right"> Ȝ.</p> + +<p>P.S.—Since expressing my acknowledgments to the other gentlemen who +have kindly answered some of my inquiries respecting Wolfe, I have had +the pleasure to peruse the information communicated by J. R. (Cork), and +I beg to thank him for his courtesy. The sketch he has given of Wolfe's +ancestors is very interesting, the more so, as J. R. mentions he is +himself connected with Wolfe's family. Would J. R. be kind enough to +supply information on the following additional points, viz.:</p> + +<p>1. In which of the English counties did Captain George Wolfe, who +escaped after the siege of Limerick, settle?</p> + +<p>2. Was the son of this officer (father of General Edward Wolfe) also a +military man, or a civilian; and what was his Christian name?</p> + +<p>3. The birth-place of General Edward Wolfe, father of the hero of +Quebec.</p> + +<p>Answers to these Queries would connect some of the broken links in the +history of one of the most gallant and skilful young generals that +England ever entrusted with her armies.</p> + + <p class="right"> Ȝ.</p> + +<p>General Wolfe's executor was General Warde, of the family of Squerries, +near Westerham, by whom the epitaph was written, which is now over the +south door of Westerham church. General Warde's nephew and executor was +General George Warde, who by that means became possessed of several very +interesting objects, viz., an original portrait of Wolfe, representing +him with his natural red hair. After some time the natural red was +converted, by water colours, into a powdered wig; consequently a sponge +and clean water would restore it to its original state. Another portrait +of Wolfe painted after his death by West; he is represented sitting and +consulting a plan of military operations. West has given him the same +countenance in which he appears in the celebrated picture of his death. +When West was offered the original portrait on which to form this +picture, he declined making use of it, as he had already committed +himself in the historical portrait, and it would not do for him to alter +it, and send out in his name two different portraits. Gen. G. Warde also +possessed Wolfe's short sword and black leather letter-case, and a +collection of original letters; among which was one of much interest, +where Wolfe, mentioning the flattering terms in which he was spoken of +by the public and high military authorities, says, that unwarranted +expectations were raised, and that to maintain his reputation he might +be driven into some desperate undertaking.</p> + +<p>I write all this from memory, but my details cannot be very far from +correct.</p> + + <p class="right"> G<span class="smcap lowercase">RIFFIN</span>.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>CHRISTIANITY, WHEN FIRST INTRODUCED INTO ORKNEY.</span> +</h3> + +<p>Christianity is believed to have been introduced into Orkney before the +Norwegian conquest by King Harold Harfager, in 895; but the race who +inhabited the country at that period are said to have been extirpated or +driven out by the Scandinavians, who were worshippers of Odin and Thor. +In the end of the tenth century, the King of Norway, Olaf Tryggveson, +renounced Paganism for Christianity, which he forced both on Norway and +Orkney at the point of the sword. M. Depping, in his <i>Histoire des +Expditions Maritimes des Normands</i>, tom. ii. p. 60. ed. 1826, states +that Sigurd, the second Earl of Orkney<a id="Page_440"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[440]</span> + (whose brother Ronald, +Earl of Mre, the first Norwegian Earl of Orkney, was the common +ancestor of the Earls of Orkney and Dukes of Normandy), drove the +Christians out of Orkney. This was towards the beginning of the tenth +century. It has been overlooked by Barry, the local historian, or +unknown to him, who mentions (p. 123.) the introduction by King Olaf +Tryggveson as either the first introduction, or at least the final +establishment of the Christian religion. I have looked into Torfus' +<i>Orcades</i>, the Orknayinga Saga, and the Sagas of the two kings, Harold +Harfager and Olaf Tryggveson, in Mr. Laing's translation of Snow's +Hermskringla, and have not found the expulsion of the Christians by +Sigurd mentioned in any of those works. Will some of your learned +correspondents be so obliging as to point out M. Depping's authority for +this fact? I have just now fallen in with a curious example of the rude +Christianity of the Northmen, who worshipped both Thor and Christ, and +the passage is perhaps worth quoting. Torfus, in his <i>Orcades</i>, p. 15., +mentions a Scandinavian chief called Helgius, who lived in Iceland about +888, and says:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Christianis sacris quibus infans initiatus est, per totam vitam + adhsit, valde tamen in religionis articulis rudis; nam Thorem, + ad ardua negotia, itineraque maritima feliciter expediunda, + invocandum, ctera Christum dictitavit, tanquam cum Thore divisum + imperium habentem. Simile Witichendus Monachus et Sigebertus + Gemlansensis, de Danis, in primis religionis incunabulis, + prodidere."</p> + +<p class="right"> W. H. F.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607.</span> +</h3> + +<p>This work, both in the original edition, and in the reprint of Bergomi, +1608, is reputed to be of extreme rarity. Mr. Mendham, in his <i>Literary +Policy of the Church of Rome Exhibited, in an Account of her Damnatory +Catalogues or Indices, both Prohibitory and Expurgatory, &c.</i>, 2nd ed., +London, 1830, calls it "perhaps the most extraordinary and scarcest of +all this class of publications," p. 116., while all of the class are +known to be by no means of common occurrence. Clement (<i>Bibliothque +Curieuse</i>, art. "Brasichellensis," v. ccvii.) designates the Roman +edition as "<i>extrmement</i> rare;" and (note 48., p. 211 a.) says of the +other, "cette dition de Bergame est encore plus rare que celle de +Rome."</p> + +<p>Now Clement informs us that "on a copi l'dition de Rome de 1607 +Ratisbonne, vers l'an 1723, sur de beau papier;" and Mr. Mendham says +that this was done by "Serpilius, a priest of Ratisbon, in 1723," and +that the copy so closely resembled the original "as to admit of its +being represented as the same." Accordingly, Clement says that it was +furtively sold as the genuine work, until the announcement of an +intended reprint by Hessel, at Altorff, in 1742, induced the owner of +the remainder of the Ratisbon counterfeit to avow his fraud. Then, Mr. +Mendham says, it "appeared with a new title-page, as a second edition." +Of <i>that</i> circumstance Clement makes no mention.</p> + +<p>"The original and counterfeit editions of this peculiar work are +sufficiently alike to deceive any person who should not examine them in +literal juxtaposition; but upon such examination the deception is easily +apparent," says Mr. Mendham, p. 131. The natural inference from this is, +that <i>he has</i> so examined them.</p> + +<p>His mention of the Bodleian "copy of the original edition" may warrant +the belief that he has made use of it. The fact that Dr. James, "chief +keeper" of the Bodleian, used and cited the Roman edition in his +<i>Treatise of the Corruptions of Scripture, Councils and Fathers, &c.</i> in +1612, may further warrant the belief that the copy in that library is an +indubitable original, placed where it is before the counterfeit was +gotten up.</p> + +<p>If these inferences are correct, I have, what I much desire, a criterion +by which to distinguish the counterfeit from the genuine Roman edition. +Yet I hardly dare to trust it, because it involves a charge of +carelessness against Clement, who is not often justly liable to such +reproach.</p> + +<p>He says, "J'ai eu le bonheur d'acqurir l'dition originale de Rome." He +therefore either copied the title of what he thought a genuine edition, +or carelessly substituted that of the counterfeit.</p> + +<p>Now I have a copy of what purports to be the Roman edition, the title of +which, agreeing exactly neither with Clement nor with the title given by +Mr. Mendham (p. 116.), yet coincides with the latter in one curious +particular, which seems to identify it with Mr. Mendham's genuine +original, while its rare disagreements from Clement's distinguish it +from that. Mr. Mendham's transcript of the title runs:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti. + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri pr cteris + desiderati emendantur, Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et public + commoditati ditus. Rom, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. MDCVII. + Superiorum Permissu."</p> + +<p>In this there are two observable peculiarities: 1. The full-stop after +"confecti," breaking the grammatical construction; 2. The omission of +such a stop (as a sign of contraction) after the portion of a word, +"Brasichellen," from which the final syllable "sem" has been dropped, as +appears in the archetype, for want of room.</p> + +<p>That Mr. Mendham faithfully copied this last peculiarity is shown by his +own singular misconception of the word, which he has taken to be +complete, and on p. 130. writes of "<i>Brasichellen</i>, or <i>Guanzellus</i>;" a +mistake into which he has been<a id="Page_441"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[441]</span> + led by Jugler, whom he is there +reporting; Jugler, as quoted in the note, seeming to have been led into +it by Zobelius.</p> + +<p>The peculiarity which has thus led Mr. Mendham, and before him Zobelius +and Jugler, into error, does not appear in Clement's title. It runs:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti, + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri pr cteris + desiderati emendantur. Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen. Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et public + commoditati ditus. Rom, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII. + Superiorum Permissu."</p> + +<p>Both the peculiarities pointed out in Mendham's copy are wanting in +this; and a third difference is, that where Mendham, after "emendantur," +has a comma, this has a full-stop. All these differences are +corrections, and therefore more likely to be found in a reprint, than +the reverse.</p> + +<p>My copy agrees with Mendham in the two peculiarities first remarked; but +with Clement in the last. It has, beside, another peculiarity which +neither has retained, but resembling those of Mendham's copy. After the +word "auctorum" there is a full-stop, breaking the grammatical +construction just as that after "confecti" does.</p> + +<p>These circumstances lead me to think my copy one of the genuine edition, +and to suppose that Mendham's was of the same; in which case, Clement +must have either carelessly given the title of the counterfeit, while he +had the genuine at hand (as he says); or, still more carelessly, +miscopied the genuine; or deceived himself with the belief that he had +the genuine, while he had only a counterfeit.</p> + +<p>It is singular that there is room for a similar doubt about the Bergomi +edition of this work. Of that, too, I have what purports to be a copy; +but am led by Clement's description of the Altorff edition to have +misgivings that it may have been made as studiously a counterfeit of the +Bergomi edition, as its predecessor of Ratisbon had been of that of +Rome. In all the particulars of which Clement says, "Ceux qui auront +l'dition de Bergame, pourront juger sur ce dtail, si la copie +d'Altorff la reprsente exactement ou non," my copy <i>does</i> agree with +his description; and it may be that some of the Altorff copies bear a +false title, with Bergomi as the imprint.</p> + +<p>The genuineness of this book is of no ordinary interest. It is one of +the most damaging witnesses against Rome, to convict her of conscious +fraud. How much its evidence is dreaded, is proved by the industrious +suppression that has made it of so great rarity.</p> + +<p>May I not hope, therefore, that some of your readers who have access to +the Bodleian will inform me through your columns—</p> + +<p>1. Whether any copy there, purporting to be of the Roman edition, can be +identified as having been in the library before 1723?</p> + +<p>2. Whether the title of such copy (if there be any) agree with Mr. +Mendham's, or Clement's, or mine?</p> + +<p>3. Whether there is in that library (or elsewhere in England) an +undoubted copy of the Bergomi edition?</p> + +<p>A copy of the titles of the Ratisbon and Altorff editions would also be +desirable; and (if they could be identified) any distinguishing note of +the Ratisbon counterfeit, <i>e.g.</i> the signature marks of its preliminary +sheet.</p> + +<p class="right"> U. U.</p> + +<p class="left">Baltimore, U. S. A.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span> +</h3> + +<h4> +<span>313. <i>"The Don," a Poem.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—This is an old work illustrative of the local +antiquities, ancient families, castles, &c., on the banks of the Don, in +Aberdeenshire. It is said to have been written during the usurpation of +Oliver Cromwell by a Mr. Forbes of Brux, in the immediate neighbourhood. +One of the ablest of our local antiquaries states, that he has never +been able to satisfy himself of the existence of any edition of that +poem earlier than that of the quarto one of 1742, which seems to have +been reprinted from an edition of the year 1655; but is so thoroughly +redolent of the spirit of a later age, that it is not possible to +believe it to have been written in the seventeenth century. All +subsequent editions (and they have been numerous) have reference to an +edition of 1655. In 1655, it is said to have been originally written by +a Mr. Forbes of Brux, as before stated, and published the same year, +with a few historical notes, and reprinted in 1674; and again in 1742, +with little or no alteration, and continued in that state until 1796; +when Mr. Charles Dawson, schoolmaster of Kemnay, added a few more notes, +and offered it to the public as his own composition in a small 12mo. +pamphlet!!! price 4<i>d.</i>; which met with such encouragement, that a +second edition appeared in 1798, with more copious notes, price 6<i>d.</i> An +enlarged edition in 8vo. was published in Edinburgh in 1814. In 1819, +Mr. Peter Buchan of Peterhead, the editor of <i>Scottish Ballads</i>, +<i>Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads</i>, &c. &c., published an edition, price +6<i>d.</i>, which sold well; and in 1849, another edition was printed at the +Hattonian Press, Fintray, Aberdeenshire, by John Cumming. I should be +glad to hear if any of your correspondents have seen an edition of 1655 +or 1674?</p> + +<p class="right"> S<span class="smcap lowercase">TONEHAVEN</span>.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>314. <i>John Lord Frescheville.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—It is stated in the printed notices of +this individual, with whom expired, in 1682, the barony of Frescheville +of Stavely, co. Derb., that he was engaged, on the side of the king, at +the battle of Edge Hill. I have<a id="Page_442"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[442]</span> + no reason to doubt the truth of +the statement: but I should like to know whether his name occurs in any +of the contemporary accounts of the fight at that place, or rather +Keynton; or whether he is anywhere mentioned in the royal musters. I +think a correspondent of the + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" indicated an +acquaintance with some local information relative to this affair, and +the persons engaged in it.</p> + +<p class="right"> D.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>315. <i>Meaning of</i> "<i>Pallant.</i>"</span> +</h4> + +<p>—While staying in the neighbourhood of a +small country town in the south of England, I was requested to drive a +friend to call on an acquaintance who lived in <i>The Pallant</i> in the said +town. The word being an uncommon one, we naturally conversed on its +probable derivation and meaning, but without arriving at a satisfactory +conclusion. I have since seen it used in a number of Dickens' <i>Household +Words</i>, where the scene of a ghost story is laid in an old house, or +street (I forget which), called <i>The Pallant</i>. What is its true +signification?</p> + +<p class="right"> A D<span class="smcap lowercase">EVONIAN</span>.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>316. <i>Rectitudines Singularum Personarum.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—This interesting Anglo-Saxon +document is necessarily well known to many of your readers. Will they +favor me with a Note, stating what they consider to be its date? In the +mean time, I will say that it is not improbable that the date may be +referrible to <i>temp.</i> Ethelredi II. The service of <i>S</i> <i>weard</i> is +insisted upon, and it is fair to suppose that such would not have been +the case if the <i>textus</i> had been written at a period anterior to those +times, when the coast was wasted by the piratical incursions of the +Northmen. In the title "thegnes riht" it is mentioned in priority to +"heafod weard" and "fyrdweard." It is again mentioned in the title +"cotsetlan riht." This document was doubtless written by a priest, and +probably by a secular one, for some of its concluding words show a +habit, or at least a possibility, of migration on the part of the +writer, viz.:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Be thre theode theawe, the we thnne onwuniath."</p> + +<p>The Latin translation, which accompanies the original, is of a date +manifestly later than the Norman Conquest. The phraseology which it +exhibits, and the gross mistakes which it contains, are sufficient +evidence of the fact.</p> + +<p>In the title "be thaw the beon bewitath," the words "self ldan" are +translated "ipse minare." Sometimes the translator does not understand +his original: in the first title he converts "bocriht" into "testamenti +rectitudo;" and of the words "sceorp to frithscipe," he leaves the first +word as he finds it.</p> + + <p class="right"> H. C. C.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>317. <i>Sir Henry Tichborne's Journal.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—I should be obliged to any of +your numerous correspondents or readers for any information given +respecting a diurnal written by Sir Henry Tichborne, third baronet of +Tichborne, co. Hants, of his <i>Travells into France, Italy, Loretto, +Rome, and other places, in the years 1675, 1676, and 1678</i>.</p> + +<p>Is the original in existence, or where might this MS. be found? Has any +of your readers seen or heard of it?</p> + +<p>I may here remark it is not in the possession of the family, neither +have they yet been able to trace it.</p> + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">HITE</span> +R<span class="smcap lowercase">OSE</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Winchester.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>318. <i>Round Towers at Bhaugulpore.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Lord Valentia (<i>Travels to India, +&c.</i>) gives views of these towers, and the following description of +them:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "They much resemble those buildings in Ireland, which have + hitherto puzzled the antiquaries of the sister kingdoms, + excepting that they are more ornamented. It is singular that + there is no tradition concerning them, nor are they held in any + respect by the Hindoos of this country. The Rajah of Jyenagur + considers them as holy, and has erected a small building to + shelter the great number of his subjects, who annually come to + worship here."</p> + +<p>This is but a meagre account of them; and if any of your readers can +give further information respecting them, and especially on the religion +of those who go to worship at them, they will confer a great favour on +your querist. Bhaugulpore seems to be about half-way between Calcutta +and Patna, at some distance off the great road; and Jyenagur must be +some 800 miles distant. The dominant race in the latter are Rajpoots, +but there appear to be inferior races; which are the worshippers? What +is the meaning of Bhaugulpore? has it any relation to Baal? Jeypoor is +another name for Jyenagur.</p> + +<p class="right">D<span class="smcap lowercase">E</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">AMERA</span>.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>319. <i>Johannes Trithemius.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—In my possession is a book entitled <i>Liber +de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis</i>, by the above author; the date of its +publication 1494. Can any one inform me who Trithemius was, and whether +the book, in point of accuracy, is to be relied on?</p> + +<p class="right"> A. W. H.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>320. <i>Races in which Children are named after the Mothers.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Will some +correspondent favour me with a list of the races in which the children +are named, or take their titles, or inherit property after their +mothers, and not after their fathers; and where descent in any form is +reckoned on the mother's side? I have a list of some, but I fear a very +imperfect one; and all additions to it, with a memorandum of the +authority on which the statement is made, will be very valuable to me. I +wish the instances to be fetched as well from ancient as from modern +nations.</p> + +<p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span>.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>321. <i>Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, and Residents from Foreign +Courts.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Will any of your readers inform me where there may be +found<a id="Page_443"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[443]</span> + the best, or any list of personages filling these +diplomatic posts, between the 1st of King Henry VIII. and the end of the +reign of King James II.?</p> + +<p class="right"> S. E. G.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>322. <i>Critolaus and the Horatii and Curiatii.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Has any writer on early +Roman history noticed the extraordinary similarity, even in the minutest +particulars, of the combat between the Horatii and Curiatii, followed by +the murder of a sister of the former by her brother, for mourning for +one of the opposite party, to whom she was betrothed, to the similar +circumstances related of Critolaus the Tegean? The chances of two such +transactions resembling each other so closely appear so very small, that +there can be no doubt of one story being a copy of the other: but which +was the original? I have no doubt the Roman historians adopted this tale +from the Greeks, to diversify the barren pages of their early history. +At all events, such a person as Critolaus undoubtedly existed, which is +more than can be averred of the Roman hero. (See <i>Encyc. Brit.</i>, art. +"Critolaus.")</p> + +<p class="right"> J. S. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ARDEN</span>.</p> + +<p class="left"> Balica.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>323. <i>Cabal.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—I should like to know the earliest use of this word as +signifying "a secret council," and, as a verb, "to plot or intrigue." +Pepys applies it to the king's confidential advisers several years +before the date (1672) when Burnet remarks that the word was composed of +the initials of the five chief ministers; and Dryden uses the verb in +the sense I have mentioned. Can any of your correspondents trace either +verb or noun to an earlier period, or explain this application of it? +The Hebrew verb <i>kibbal</i> signifies "to receive;" and the <i>Cabbala</i> was +so called from its being "traditionary," not from its being "secret." A +popular error on this point may, however, have given rise to the +above-mentioned application of the word.</p> + +<p class="right"> E. H. D. D.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>324. "<i>Thus said the Ravens black.</i>"</span> +</h4> + +<p>—In what modern poem or ballad do +the following or similar lines occur?</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i5"> —— "thus said the ravens black,</p> + <p> We have been to Cordova, and we're just come back."</p> + +</div> + + <p class="right"> D. B. J.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>325. <i>Symbols in Painting.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—In a painting of the Crucifixion by Guido +(?) the following accessories are introduced, the meaning of which I +cannot discover: the persons present are four, two of whom are evidently +the Virgin and St. John; but the other two, who are both old men, are +doubtful. On the ground, at the foot of the cross, is a skull and some +bones; and at one side of the picture is a monster, somewhat like a +gigantic toad, with his foot on a book; and at the other side lies a +bell, with a twisted cord attached to it: the monster and the skull +might be symbolical of sin and death, but what can the bell mean? It is +a singular object for an artist to have introduced without some +particular meaning; but the only instance I know of its use, is in the +pictures of St. Anthony (in the fourth century), who is generally +represented with a bell in his hand. Perhaps some of your correspondents +may be able to explain its meaning in this painting. Can the handbell +rung in Roman Catholic churches at the elevation of the host have any +connexion with the subject in question?</p> + + <p class="right">B. N. C.</p> + + <p class="left"> Oxford.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>326. <i>Latin Verse on Franklin.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Can you inform me who wrote the line on +Franklin:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Eripuit cœlo fulmen, sceptrumque Tyrannis?"</p> + +</div> + + <p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> St. Lucia.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>327. <i>General Moyle.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Who was General John Moyle, who died about 1738? +He resided, if he did not die, in Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk.</p> + + <p class="right"> B<span class="smcap lowercase">URIENSIS</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>328. <i>Musical Compositions of Matthew Dubourg.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—I am induced, while +preparing for the press a new edition of my <i>opusculum</i> on the <i>violin</i>, +to seek your kind mediatorial aid in behalf of an object which some one +or other of your correspondents, acquainted with Irish matters of the +last century, may <i>possibly</i> enable me to attain. I am desirous of +learning whether there be <i>extant</i> any of the musical compositions +(especially the violin <i>solos</i> and <i>concertos</i>) of my progenitor, +Matthew Dubourg, who held the post of director and composer to the +king's band in Ireland, from 1728 until, I believe, his death in 1767.</p> + +<p>As I do not know that any of these compositions (which appear to have +been called forth by immediate occasions) were ever <i>printed</i>, my hope +of now tracing them out is perhaps more lively than rational. If they +have existed only in a manuscript state, it is but too possible that the +barbarian gripe of the butterman may long ago have suppressed what +vitality was in them. I cannot, however, relinquish the idea that a +dusty oblivion, and not absolute destruction, may be the amount of what +they have undergone; and that they <i>may</i> still exist in such condition +as to be, at least, more susceptible of resuscitation than disinterred +<i>mummies</i>. I have the honour to be, Sir, yours wistfully,</p> + + <p class="right">G. D<span class="smcap lowercase">UBOURG.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Brighton.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>329. <i>Collodion, and its Application to Photography.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—May I ask for +information as to the first discoverer of Collodion, and the origin or +derivation of the name? I should also be glad to know by whom it was +first applied to photogenic purposes.</p> + + <p class="right"> A P<span class="smcap lowercase">HOTOGRAPHER</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>330. <i>Engraved Portrait.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Will some of your correspondents who are +conversant with the<a id="Page_444"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[444]</span> + history of engraved English heads, oblige me +by naming the original of a copper-plate print in my possession, and +also with the conclusion of the verses beneath, the lower part of the +plate being mutilated. The verses, as far as I have them, run thus:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Here you may see an honest face,</p> + <p>Arm'd against envy and disgrace;</p> + <p> Who lives respected still in spite</p> + <p class="i1"> — — — — — — — — — —"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">The addition of the names of the painter and engraver will increase the +obligation.</p> + + <p class="right">H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> +C<span class="smcap lowercase">AMPKIN.</span></p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>331. <i>Lines by Lord Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to +forgive her Son when on her Death-bed.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—In Coxe's <i>Life of Sir Robert +Walpole</i> (vol. i. p. 549.), we read, in the account of the death of +Queen Caroline, as follows:</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"The tongue of slander has even reproached her with maintaining + her implacability to the hour of death, and refusing her pardon + to the prince, who had humbly requested to receive her blessing. + To this imputation Chesterfield alludes in a copy of verses + circulated at the time:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "'And unforgiving, unforgiven dies.'"</p> + +</div> + +<p>Can any of your readers refer me to the remainder of this copy of +verses?</p> + + <p class="right"> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROEM</span>.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span> +</h3> + +<h4> +<span><i>Kimmeroi, Cimbri, Cymry.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—There appears to be a growing belief that +the Gomerid of the Bible, the Kimmeroi of the Greeks, the Cimbri of the +Romans, and the Cymry or Kymry of Wales, belong to the same family; the +few words remaining of their language are to all appearance Kymraeg; and +recently there was some likelihood of having more light thrown upon this +subject. Kohl, the German traveller, visited the remnant of the Cimbri +defeated by Marius, and was told that "<i>sette commune parlano Cimbro</i>." +Is the language of these Lombard Kimbri like that of the Kymry of Wales? +M. Kohl states that a professor at Padua was about to publish the +remains of their language; but I have not seen any subsequent notice +respecting them. The inquiry is highly interesting, and will I trust be +taken up by some persons who may be in position to obtain further +information; and I hope soon to see a few specimens of their language in +"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>."</p> + +<p>Ritson, in the notes to his work on the Celts, has these remarks on the +language of this Cimbric remnant:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Their language, which was thought to be a corrupt German, was + found upon closer inquiry to be very pure Danish. Signor Marco + Pezzo has written a very learned dissertation on this + subject."—Page 288.</p> + +<p>What is the title of this work? I am very desirous to obtain further +information on this subject, and invite attention to this people and +their Kimbro speech.</p> + + <p class="right"> T. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEPHENS</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Merthyr Tydfil.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [The title of Pezzo's work is, <i>Dei Cimbri Veronesi, e + Vicentini</i>, libri ii. Terza edizione. 8vo. Verona, 1763. This + edition is in the British Museum.]</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Dictionary of Musicians.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—I have now before me <i>A Dictionary of +Musicians</i>, &c., second edition, 2 vols. 8vo., Longman and others, 1827. +I should be glad to know whether there is any more recent edition, or +anybody engaged in preparing one; or whether there is any more recent +and complete work of the kind. This one contains much information, but +might be greatly improved by omissions, corrections, and additions.</p> + + <p class="right">A<span class="smcap lowercase">N</span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">MATEUR</span>.</p> + +<p> [<i>The Biographical Dictionary of Musicians</i> noticed by our + correspondent is very incorrect in its details. There is another + work of the same kind in preparation, but is not expected to be + published for some months. The latest works on the subject are + the German <i>Lexicon der Tonkunst</i> in several 8vo. volumes, and + that by M. Fetis, which appeared about four years since at + Brussels, and pronounced both comprehensive and correct.]</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>City of London Charter.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—What was the cause of the City charter being +forfeited in the year 1683?</p> + +<p>In a trial, <i>The King</i> v. <i>The City of London</i>, judgment was given +against the City, whereby the charter was forfeited.</p> + + <p class="right"> S. E. G.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [An information brought against the Mayor and citizens of London + was "for usurping of divers franchises and liberties within the + said city, and for assuming to themselves an unlawful power to + levy several great sums of money, as well upon the said citizens + of London as strangers; and in particular upon those which come + to the markets of the said city, by colour of the laws and + ordinances in their Common Council by them in fact ordained and + established, without any other right or authority." The + circumstance which gave occasion for this <i>quo warranto</i> to be + brought against the City charter, was a petition the Court of + Aldermen and City made to the King, upon his prorogation of + Parliament, when they were going to try several noblemen + concerned in the Popish plot; but especially for their printing + and publishing the petition, which was considered seditious. For + particulars relating to this celebrated trial, we must refer our + correspondent to the following tracts:—<i>The Case of the Charter + of London Stated</i>, fol. 1683. This is an ingenious treatise + against the charter. <i>A Defence of the Charter and Municipal + Rights of the City of London</i>, by Thomas Hunt, 4to.; <i>The Lawyer + Outlawed; or a Brief Answer to Mr. Hunt's Defence of the + Charter</i>, 4to. 1683; <i>The Forfeitures of London's Charter, or an + Impartial Account of the several Seisures of the City Charter</i>, + 4to. 1682; <i>Reflections on the City Charter, and Writ of Quo + Warranto</i>, 4to. 1682; <i>The City of London's Plea to the Quo + Warranto</i>, (an information) <i>brought against their Charter in + Michaelmas Term</i>, 1681, fol. 1682. A<a id="Page_445"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[445]</span> + summary account of + the whole proceedings will be found in Maitland's <i>History of + London</i>, vol. i. pp. 473-484.]</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>St. Alkald.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Upon looking over a sheet of the Ordnance Map lately +published, on which part of the parish of Giggleswick is laid down, I +find that the patron saint, to whom the church is dedicated, is St. +Alkald. No calendar that I have access to mentions any such saint. I +shall be obliged by any of your correspondents giving me some account of +him, or referring me to any book where I may read his history.</p> + + <p class="right"> F. W. J.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [In <i>The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated</i>, published + by Parker of Oxford, p. 181., our querist will find</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"<i>S. Alkald</i> or <i>Alkilda</i> was commemorated March 28. The church + of Giggleswick, Yorkshire, is named in honour of this saint, and + the Collegiate Church of Middleham in the same county in the + joint names of SS. Mary and Alkald."]</p> + + + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Replies.</span> +</h2> + +<h3> +<span>PLAIDS AND TARTANS.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 107.)</span> +</h3> + +<p>I am not going to enter into the controversy respecting the antiquity of +the <i>Highland</i> kilt and tartans, nor when and where they were invented. +But in reference to these questions, I beg leave to cite a passage, +which may be found in the second book of the <i>History</i> of Tacitus, in +which is designated a garb having a very distinct analogy to the <i>trews</i> +and tartans of the Highland chiefs.</p> + +<p>In lib. ii. sec. xx. the return of Ccina from Germany into Italy is +thus described:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "At Ccina, velut relict post Alpes sviti ac licenti, modesto + agmine per Italiam incessit. Ornatum ipsius, municipia et coloni + in superbiam trahebant, quod <i>versicolore sagulo, bruccas</i> tegmen + barbarum, indutus, togatos adloqueretur."</p> + +<p>Ccina and Valens had been the Imperial "Legati" in Upper Germany, and +the former is thus described in lib. i. sec. liii.:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "At in superiore Germani, Ccina decor juvent, corpore ingens, + animi immodicus, scito sermone, erecto incessu studia militum + inlexerat."</p> + +<p>So it seems that this handsome Roman, "great in stature," and "graceful +in youth," thought (like many of our modern fine gentlemen when they get +among the hills) the partycoloured plaid and barbarian clothing so +extremely becoming, that he was determined to set the fashion of wearing +it in Italy, and actually was intrepid enough to appear like a male +Bloomer before the astonished eyes of the "Togati," and to answer the +addresses of the "Municipia" and "Coloni" clad in this outlandish +costume.</p> + +<p>I leave to more learned antiquaries the task of tracing this Celtic +habit, "in superiore Germani," into the Scottish Highlands. For myself +I have little doubt that from the earliest division of the community +into septs or clans, the chiefs assumed the pattern of this "tegmen +versicolor" which best pleased them, and in course of time the pattern +distinguished the wearers as belonging to such and such chiefs. As to +the kilt, in all probability it was the apology for nudity.</p> + +<p>The chiefs wore the trews, the humbler vassals or serfs either wore no +nether garments at all, or covered their loins with a scanty apron, +which gradually comprising more ample folds, has been modernised into +the kilt.</p> + +<p>But I beg leave to put forward these speculations with all possible +modesty, feeling quite inadequate to discuss such momentous matters from +being only</p> + + <p class="right">A B<span class="smcap lowercase">ORDERER</span>.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>RELIGIOUS STATISTICS.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 382.)</span> +</h3> + + +<p>I have a memorandum (not dated) which states that M. Pradt, in his work +on <i>Ancient and Modern Jesuitism</i>, gives curious calculations on the +religious statistics of the world. The terrestrial globe, he estimates, +contains 670,000,000 inhabitants, who are thus divided:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Catholics</p> +<p>120,000,000</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Protestants and their dependants</p> +<p> 40,000,000</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Of the Greek Church</p> +<p> 36,000,000</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Jews </p> +<p> 4,000,000</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Mahomedans </p> +<p> 70,000,000</p> + +</div> +<div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Idolators </p> +<p>400,000,000</p> + +</div> +</div> + +<p>Of these, China alone, according to the most probable accounts, contains +300,000,000.</p> + +<p>An elaborate, valuable, and now, I believe, a scarce work, entitled <i>The +Consumption of Public Wealth by the Clergy of every Christian Nation</i>, +&c. (published by Effingham Wilson in 1822), among details, founded on +authorities of repute, and which are named, gives for each nation, +"France," "Scotland" (its Kirk), "Spain," "Portuguese Church," +"Hungarian Churches," "Clergy in Italy," "Clergy in Austria," "Clergy in +Prussia," "Clergy in Russia," "England and Wales," "Established Church +Property Ireland," &c. &c., the particulars required by Q. E. D. For +instance, under the heading "Hungarian Churches," we are preliminarily +told that—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Hungary contains about 8,000,000 people of various religious + persuasions, who live happily together ever since the days of + that excellent Emperor Joseph II. He laboured resolutely and + successfully, in spite of the bigots of his own religion by whom + he was surrounded, to root out the evils of religious discord + from his dominions; and he left, as a glorious legacy to his + people, for which his memory will be ever dear, the blessings of + concord and harmony between his subjects of all + denominations."<a id="Page_446"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[446]</span></p> + +<p class="noindent">It is then narrated that there are (in Hungary):</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh"> "Catholics, Latin and Greek </p> + <p> 4,750,000</p> + + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Greek Church </p> + <p>1,150,000</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh"> Calvinists </p> + <p> 1,050,000</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Lutherans </p> + <p> 650,000</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Unitarian Christians </p> + <p> 46,000</p> +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p class="indh">Various small Christian Sects, and persons of the Jewish faith </p> +<p> 200,000."</p> + +</div> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">But this work contains no summary of the total amounts of its own +enumerations.</p> + +<p class="right"> A H<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMIT AT</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">AMPSTEAD</span>.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>ROYAL LIBRARY.<br /> +(Vol. iii., p. 427.; Vol. iv., pp. 69. 154.)</span> +</h3> + +<p>Your correspondent J. H. M. remarks (Vol. iv., p. 69.): "In justice to +King George IV., the letter which he addressed to the late Earl of +Liverpool, on presenting the books to his own subjects, should be +printed in your columns." Heartily concurring in this opinion, I have +much pleasure in supplying your readers with a transcript of the same. I +copied it some years back from the original, then in the possession of a +noble friend:</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Dear Lord Liverpool,—The king, my late revered and excellent + father, having formed, during a long period of years, a most + valuable and extensive library, consisting of about one hundred + and twenty thousand volumes, I have resolved to present this + collection to the British nation. Whilst I have the satisfaction + by this means of advancing the literature of my country, I also + feel that I am paying a just tribute to the memory of a parent, + whose life was adorned with every public and private virtue. I + desire to add, that I have great pleasure, my lord, in making + this communication through you. Believe me, with great regard, + your sincere friend,</p> + +<p class="blockquot i3"> "G. R.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Pavilion, Brighton, 15th of January, 1823."</p> + + <p class="right"> E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> F. +R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT</span>.</p> + +<p>Your correspondent C. says, "the whole story of the projected sale to +Russia is absolutely unfounded." He seems to consider that, because the +Princess Lieven never heard a syllable about the matter, the whole story +was unfounded—that is, that when a part of a story is untrue the whole +must be untrue. What is really the truth I do not positively <i>know</i>; but +I will give you the story, as I heard it at the time, from one who had +good means of information. George IV. disliked the expense of keeping up +the Royal Library; he was also occasionally out of temper at the claims +made or insinuated by some members of the family, that as the library +had not been bequeathed, they had all an equal property in it. To get +rid of the expense and the claims he resolved to dispose of it, and said +something about this wish at his own dinner-table. This was, perhaps, in +the presence of the Russian ambassador, or some distinguished Russian, +or at least came to his ears; and he spoke to Lord Liverpool upon the +subject, expressing a desire to purchase. Lord L. immediately waited +upon the king, and remonstrated in the strongest terms against allowing +such a library collected by a king of England to be sent out of the +country; and went so far as to say that he would resign his office if +the measure was persisted in. The king then resolved to relieve himself +from all annoyance about the matter by presenting it to the nation. Such +I believe to be the outline of the truth: the minute details I did not +"make a Note" of at the time, and will not trust my memory to relate +them.</p> + +<p class="right"> G<span class="smcap lowercase">RIFFIN</span>.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>DAMASKED LINEN.<br /> +(Vol. ii., p. 199.; Vol. iii., pp. 13. 229.)</span> +</h3> + +<p>In the subjoined account of some old patterns, I have, for the sake of +brevity, enclosed in brackets the descriptions of the several objects +represented, beginning with the highest and most distant. The words +enclosed within inverted commas are the inscriptions.</p> + +<div class="center"> + <p class="noindent"> No. I.</p> + <p class="noindent">[Two horsemen, with steel-caps, riding away at speed.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Crown.]</p> + <p class="noindent">“<span class="smcap lowercase">PVRSV'D BY MEN. PRESERV'D BY GOD</span>.”</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Crown.] <span class="i5"> [Crown.]</span></p> + <p class="noindent"> [Oak branches surrounding a head surmounted + with a low-crowned hat and flowing wig.]</p></div> + +<p>I may mention that this bears the mark of an ancestor of its present +possessor, who was about forty years of age at the time of the +Restoration, and died in 1707.</p> + +<div class="center"> + <p class="noindent"> No. II.</p> + <p class="noindent"> “<span class="smcap lowercase">SISTE SOL IN GIBEON ET LVNA IN VALLE IAALON.</span>”</p> + <p class="noindent">[Sun] “<span class="smcap lowercase">RIS</span>” [Moon] “<span class="smcap lowercase">SEL.</span>”</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Fortified town.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Mortars throwing shells into the town.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Tents and cannon.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Trophy] “<span class="smcap lowercase">EGENIVS.</span>” [Trophy.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Equestrian figure holding a baton.]</p> + +</div> + +<p>Can any of your readers be so good as to explain the allusion of the +above ungainly and somewhat profane compliment to Prince Eugene?</p> + +<div class="center"> + <p class="noindent"> No. III.</p> + <p class="noindent"> “<span class="smcap lowercase">STAD ANT</span></p> + <p class="noindent"><span class="smcap lowercase"> WERPEN.</span>”</p> + <p class="noindent"> [City gate.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Water with ships.]</p> + <p class="noindent">“<span class="smcap lowercase">DER HERTZOG VON MARLBORVK</span>.”</p> + <p class="noindent">[Equestrian figure in the proper costume, holding a baton.]</p> +</div> + +<p>The above probably commemorates the surrender<a id="Page_447"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[447]</span> + of Antwerp to the +allied armies soon after the battle of Ramillies, May 27, 1706.</p> + +<div class="center"> + <p class="noindent">No. IV.</p> + <p class="noindent"> “<span class="smcap lowercase">CAROLVS KNIG IN SPANIGEN</span>.”</p> + <p class="noindent">[Equestrian figure.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Trophy of arms and banners.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> “<span class="smcap lowercase">MADRIED</span>.”</p> + <p class="noindent"> [City and gates.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Batteries with cannon planted.]</p> +</div> + +<p>I presume this must refer to the short-lived triumph of Charles +(afterwards Emperor of Germany), who was crowned King of Spain at Vienna +in 1703, and entered Madrid in 1706.</p> + +<div class="center"> + + <p class="noindent"> No. V.</p> + <p class="noindent"> [City.]</p> + <p class="noindent">[River with boats.]</p> + <p class="noindent">[Cannon and mortars.]</p> + <p class="noindent">[Tents and halberdiers, and arms strewn about on the ground.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> “<span class="smcap lowercase">KNIG GEORGE</span>.”</p> + <p class="noindent"> [Crown.] <span class="i5"> [Crown.]</span></p> + <p class="noindent">[Harp.] <span class="i5">[Harp.]</span></p> + <p class="noindent"> [Equestrian figure holding a sceptre.]</p> +</div> + +<p>Will some one be so kind as to explain the meaning of this design?</p> + +<p>I may mention that there is little doubt that this cloth, as well as the +others, belonged to the son of the gentleman before mentioned, and that +it is very unlikely that it ever belonged to the royal household. This +may perhaps affect the inference of your correspondent H. W. D. from the +inscription "Der Knig Georg II." (Vol. iii., p. 229.).</p> + +<div class="center"> + + <p class="noindent">No. VI.</p> + <p class="noindent">[A group of figures:—On the right an eastern + monarch standing, and in an attitude of command + towards a female figure on the left, who + is stooping down to put something into the + gaping mouth of a dragon, while with her left + hand she points towards the king. Behind the + woman are three men turning towards the king + in attitudes of entreaty.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> “<span class="smcap lowercase">BABYLON</span>.”</p> + <p class="noindent"> [A man and woman kneeling down, with hands + raised as in supplication or astonishment.]</p> + <p class="noindent"> “<span class="smcap lowercase">DANIEL, XIIII</span>.”</p> + <p class="noindent">[A tree with two birds in it. In front of the tree + an angel flying downwards; and underneath, a + man in the same attitude, holding a vessel + shaped like a pitch-kettle in the left hand, and + what appears to be a small loaf or cake in the + right.]</p> + +</div> + +<p>All the above figures are in oriental costume. The date of this cloth +<i>cannot</i> be later than about 1720. In each case the pattern is repeated +in rows; the alternate rows being reversed so that on whichever side the +cloth is turned, half of the patterns have the inscriptions legible.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. S. T.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>VERMIN, PAYMENTS FOR DESTRUCTION OF.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 208. 389.)</span> +</h3> + +<p>The authority by which churchwardens paid for the destruction of vermin, +is by acts of parliament (8 Eliz. cap. 15. and 14 Eliz. cap. 11.), but +<i>not <span class="smcap lowercase">AS</span> churchwardens</i>; and the payment for vermin out of the +<i>church-rate</i> is illegal: but they are <i>ex officio</i> appointed by the +statutes quoted, "with six other parishioners," as shown by F<span class="smcap lowercase">RANCISCUS</span>, +Vol. iv., p. 389.</p> + +<p>There can be no doubt, that in course of time this assessment got into +desuetude; that churchwardens, being the "distributors," they charged it +on the <i>church-rate</i> by way of simplifying the machinery. This, and +other duties of churchwardens and other parish officers, many of which +have become obsolete, may be seen in Lambard's <i>Eirenarcha, or Office of +the Justice of the Peace</i>, first published in 1581, which passed through +many editions from that date to 1637. The work is commended by +Blackstone as deserving the perusal of students.</p> + +<p>With regard to the old names of vermin, <i>Glead</i> and <i>Ringteal</i> are +described by Osbaldiston, in his <i>Dictionary of Recreation</i>, as a sort +of kite; the latter with whitish feathers about the tail. <i>Greas'-head</i> +and <i>Baggar</i> he does not notice. May they not be provincialisms?</p> + + <p class="right"> H. T. E<span class="smcap lowercase">LLACOMBE</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Clyst St. George.</p> + +<p>In further illustration of this Query, and of +J. E<span class="smcap lowercase">ASTWOOD'S</span> reply (p. +389.), may be quoted:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "That the distributers of the provision for the destruction of + noysome foule and vermine being chosen, and having money [as + before shown by me, Vol. iv., p. 389.], shall give and pay the + same money so to them delivered, to every person that shall bring + to them any heades of old crowes, choughes, pies, or rookes, + taken within the several parishes, for the heads of every three + of them a peny; and for the heads of every sixe young crowes, + choughes, pyes, or rookes, taken, as is aforesaid, a peny; and + for every sixe egges of any of them unbroken, a peny; and + likewise for every twelve stares heades, a peny. All which said + heads and egges, the said distributers in some convenient place + shall keep, and shall every moneth at the least bring foorth the + same before the said churchwardens and taxors, or three of them, + and then and there to them shall make a true account in writing, + what money they have laid forth and paid for such heads and + egges, and for the heads of such other raveinous birds and + vermine, as are hereafter mentioned, that is to say:</p> + +<ul> + + <li class="i3"> "For everie head of merton, haukes, fursekite, + moldkite, bussard, scag, carmerant, or ringtaile<br /> + <span class="i3"> ii<span class="topnum">d</span></span></li> + + <li class="i3">For every two egges of them<br /> + <span class="i3"> i<span class="topnum">d</span></span></li> + + <li class="i3"> For every iron or ospraies heads<br /> + <span class="i3"> iiii<span class="topnum">d</span></span></li> + + <li class="i3">For the head of every woodwall, pie, jay, raven, or kite<br /> + <span class="i3"> i<span class="topnum">d</span></span></li> + + <li class="i3"> For the head of every bird which is called the kingsfisher<br /> +<span class="i3"> i<span class="topnum">d</span></span><a id="Page_448"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[448]</span> +</li> + + <li class="i3">For the head of every bulfinsh, or other birde that devoureth the +blouth of fruit<br /> +<span class="i3"> i<span class="topnum">d</span></span></li> + + <li class="i3"> For the heads of every foxe or gray<br /> + <span class="i3"> xii<span class="topnum">d</span></span></li> + + <li class="i3">For the head of every fichewe, polcat, wesell, stote, faire, +badger, or wildecat<br /> + <span class="i3"> i<span class="topnum">d</span></span></li> + + <li class="i3">For the heads of every otter or hedghog<br /> + <span class="i3"> ii<span class="topnum">d</span></span></li> + +<li class="i3"> For the heads of every three rats or twelve mice<br /> + <span class="i3"> i<span class="topnum">d</span></span></li> + + <li class="i3">For the heads of every moldwarpe or want, <br /> +<span class="i3">an halfe-penie.</span></li> + +<li> "All which sayd heads and egges shall be foorthwith, after such + account made in the presence of the sayd churchwardens and + taxors, or of three of them, burned, consumed, or cut in + sunder.—Vid. 8 Eliz. c. 15.; 14 Eliz. c 11.; and 39 Eliz. c. + 18."</li> + +</ul> + + <p class="right"> F<span class="smcap lowercase">RANCISCUS</span>.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>WAS RALEIGH IN VIRGINIA?<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 190. 241.)</span> +</h3> + +<p>Raleigh never visited Virginia. The numerous expeditions thither, set on +foot by him, and in which he had so large a concern as to cause them to +be called <i>his</i> voyages, no doubt gave rise to the popular error.</p> + +<p>We first find Raleigh's name, in connexion with discovery in North +America, in 1579. In that year Sir Humphrey Gilbert, his stepbrother, +prevailed upon him to join in a projected voyage. The accounts of this +voyage are very scanty: all, I believe, that is known on the subject is +to be found in Hakluyt, vol. iii. p. 146., in the following words:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Others failed of their promises contracted, and the greater + number were dispersed, leaving the Generall with few of his + assured friends, with whom he adventured to sea; where having + tasted of no lesse misfortune, he was shortly driven to retire + home with the losse of a tall ship, and (more to his grief) of a + valiant gentleman, Miles Morgan."</p> + +<p>It will be observed that Raleigh's name is not mentioned, the "Generall" +being Gilbert. It appears, however, to be generally assumed by his +biographers that he did accompany this expedition in person. It may, at +all events, be predicated with tolerable certainty, that Raleigh was not +amongst those who deserted Sir Humphrey. Tytler adds the following +particulars, in his <i>Life of Raleigh</i> (Edinburgh, 1833), p. 27., on the +authority of Oldys's <i>Life of Raleigh</i>, pp. 28, 29.:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "On its homeward passage the small squadron of Gilbert was + dispersed and disabled by a Spanish fleet, and many of the + company were slain; but, perhaps owing to the disastrous issue of + the fight, it has been slightly noticed by the English + historians."</p> + +<p>Schomburgk adds, in the Introduction to his reprint of Raleigh's +<i>Guiana</i>, published for the Hakluyt Society in 1848, also on the +authority of Oldys, that during the engagement "Raleigh was exposed to +great danger."</p> + +<p>We may therefore assume that he did sail with Gilbert on this occasion. +There is no appearance, however, of the expedition having reached +America at all; and most certainly Virginia was not then visited.</p> + +<p>The next voyage undertaken by Gilbert was in 1583. Raleigh took a great +interest in this expedition, and fitted out a barque of two hundred +tons, which bore his name; and although the "most puissant" vessel in +the fleet, it only ranked as "Vice-admirall." The "Delight, <i>alias</i> the +George, of burthen 120 tunnes, was Admirall, in which went the +Generall." They "began their voyage upon Tuesday, the eleventh day of +June, in the yere of our Lord 1583;" but "about midnight" of the 13th +June, "the Vice-admirall forsooke us, notwithstanding that we had the +winde east, faire, and good. But it was after credibly reported that +they were infected with a contagious sickness, and arrived greatly +distressed at Plimmouth.... Sure I am no cost was spared by their owner, +Master Raleigh, in setting them forth." So writes worthy Master Hayes, +who commanded the Golden Hinde, the "Rear-admirall" of the expedition. +It may be easily believed that Raleigh was not on board of the vessel +which belonged to him. Sir H. Gilbert, who was ignorant of the cause of +desertion, wrote thus to Sir George Peckham, after his arrival in +Newfoundland:—"On the 13th the bark Raleigh ran from me, in fair and +clear weather, having a large wind. I pray you solicit my brother +Raleigh to make them an example to all knaves." The subsequent history +of this disastrous expedition need not be dwelt upon. Gilbert reached +Newfoundland, but was lost in returning on board the Squirrel of ten +tons!</p> + +<p>On the 25th March, 1584, Raleigh obtained letters patent from Queen +Elizabeth authorising him to establish a colony in North America, south +of Newfoundland. "The first voyage made" under this patent "to the +coasts of America" was "with two barks, wherein were Captains M. Philip +Amadas, and M. Arthur Barlowe, who <i>discovered</i> part of the countrey now +called Virginia, anno 1584:" the account of which voyage is stated to +have been "written by one of the said Captaines, and <i>sent</i> to Sir +Walter Raleigh, knight, at whose charge and direction the said voyage +was set forty"—<i>Hak.</i> vol. iii. p. 246.</p> + +<p>The next voyage is called (p. 251.) "The voyage made by Sir Richard +Grenvill <i>for</i> Sir Walter Raleigh to Virginia, in the yeere 1585." Sir +Richard left a colony under the government of Master Ralph Lane. A list +of all the colonists, to the number of 107, "as well gentlemen as +others, that remained one whole yeere in Virginia," is given in Hakluyt, +at p. 254. The first name is Master Philip Amadas, Admirall of the +countrey;" the second is "Master Hariot." On the 10th June of next year +the colony was visited by Sir Francis Drake, with no less than +twenty-three<a id="Page_449"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[449]</span> + sail of vessels, "in his prosperous returne from the +sacking of Saint Domingo." Sir Francis gave the colonists, who had +suffered severely from "scarsity," the means of returning to England, +which they did, leaving Virginia on the 18th of June, and arriving at +Portsmouth on the 28th of July, 1586. Governor Lane was greatly blamed +for his precipitate desertion of the colony. Hariot wrote a description +of the country, which occupies fifteen folio pages of Hakluyt. Hallam +(in the passage quoted by + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>) is correct in describing Hariot as +the companion of Raleigh; for that he was, and very much esteemed by +him: but he is wrong in making it appear that they were together in +Virginia.</p> + +<p>In the meantime Raleigh at home was far from being forgetful of his +colonists, although they seemed so little inclined to depend upon him. +He got ready no less than four vessels: various delays, however, +occurred to retard their sailing; and Raleigh at last getting anxious +started off one of them as a "bark of aviso," or despatch boat, as it is +called in one of the old accounts. It arrived at the site of the colony +"immediately after the departing of our English colony out of this +paradise of the world;" and "after some time spent in seeking our colony +up in the countrey, and not [of course] finding them, it returned with +all the aforesaid provision into England." Thus Hakluyt, page 265., who +also states that it was "sent and set forth at the charges of Sir Walter +Raleigh and his direction;" expressions surely inconsistent with any +supposition that he was on board of this bark of aviso; and yet it would +appear, from the Introduction of Sir Robert Schomburgk, already referred +to, that <i>this</i> was the identical occasion on which Raleigh was +erroneously supposed to have visited Virginia. As what Sir Robert says +is very important, and bears very directly on the question, I quote his +words:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "It has been asserted by Theobald and others, that Sir Walter + Raleigh himself accompanied this vessel, which he sent for the + relief of the young colony; such may have been his intention, as + Captain Smith states in the first book of his <i>General History of + Virginia</i>; but we have so many proofs that Sir Walter did not + leave England in that year, that we are surprised that such an + erroneous statement has found credence up to the present day."</p> + +<p>This is a strong opinion of Sir Robert, and if borne out by evidence, +would be conclusive; but in the first place, his reference to Smith's +<i>Virginia</i> is incorrect; and besides, Smith, for anything he relates +prior to 1606, is only secondary evidence. His book was published in +1624, and is reprinted in Pinkerton's <i>Voyages</i> (1812). On reference to +it there I can find no such <i>intention</i> attributed to Raleigh; and in +fact Smith's account is manifestly taken from Hakluyt (1599), who, it is +well known, had his information on these voyages chiefly from Raleigh +himself.<a id="himself1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 1." href="#fn1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> In the second place, it would have been well if Sir Robert +had mentioned some distinct proof that Raleigh was in England on some +one day that the vessel was absent, rather than generally stating that +he did not leave England during 1586. Unfortunately, there is a want of +precision as to the exact dates when the vessel left and returned to +England; enough is said, however, to fix upon the two months <i>at least</i> +from the 20th of May to the 20th of July as being embraced in the period +during which she was on her voyage. In Hakluyt it is stated that she did +not sail until "after Easter:" in 1586 Easter Sunday was, by my +calculation, on the 3rd April. The 20th of May is therefore a liberal +meaning to attach to the expression "after Easter." She arrived in +Virginia "immediately after" Drake sailed, on the 18th of June. Say then +that she even arrived on the 19th June; only spent one day in searching +for the colony; and took thirty days to go home; this would bring us to +the 20th July. It will be noticed that I narrow the time as much as +possible, to strengthen the evidence that would be gained by proving an +<i>alibi</i> for Sir Walter. If it can be shown that he was in England on any +day between the 20th May and the 20th July, the supposition that he went +on this occasion to Virginia must be given up as untenable. I have +therefore directed my inquiries to this point. In the sketch of the life +of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, given in Lodge's <i>Portraits</i>, a +work certainly not of indisputable authority, but tolerably correct +notwithstanding, I find the following statement:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "His [Cumberland's] fleet consisted of three ships, and a + pinnace, <i>the latter commanded by Sir Walter Raleigh</i>.... It + sailed from Gravesend on the 26th of June, 1586; but was + repeatedly driven back by contrary winds, and could not finally + leave England till the end of August."</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#himself1" class="label">[1]</a> What + Smith really says is, speaking generally of <i>all</i> the +voyages, that Raleigh's occasions and employments were such that he +could not go himself; but he says nothing about his intentions specially +as to this particular voyage.</p> + +<p>Now, if this were quite correct, it would be conclusive, that if Sir +Walter Raleigh sailed from Gravesend on the 26th June, he could not have +started from Virginia to return to England on the 20th of the same +month. I thought it well, however, to verify this statement of Mr. +Lodge, and had recourse to my old friend Hakluyt as usual. I there found +(vol. iii. pp. 769. et seq.) that on starting from Gravesend, there were +only two vessels called respectively the Red Dragon and the Clifford; +these vessels arrived at Plymouth on the 24th of July, and were there +detained by westerly winds until the 17th of August, when they—<a id="Page_450"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[450]</span></p> + + <p> "Then departed with another ship, also for our Rear-admirall, + called the Roe, whereof W. Hawes was Captaine; and a fine + pinnesse also, called the Dorothie, <i>which was Sir Walter + Raleigh's</i>."</p> + +<p class="noindent">It therefore follows, that the pinnace might have joined them +immediately before the 17th of August, a date too late for our purpose. +Nay more, the only authority for Mr. Lodge's statement, that the vessel +was commanded by Sir Walter, rests upon the words which I have put in +Italics; his name is not mentioned in the subsequent account of the +expedition, although, on the 7th of February, 1587, it was found +necessary to hold a council of war, at which no less than eighteen +officers assisted, all of whom, beginning with the admiral, are named. +Raleigh's name does not occur; and is it conceivable that he, if present +in the fleet, would have been absent on such an occasion? This therefore +affords one additional instance in which Raleigh was presumed to be +present merely because he fitted out a vessel. Being inconclusive as a +positive piece of evidence on the main question, my chief reason for +referring to it was to show how hastily some writers make assertions, +and how probable it is that "Theobald and others" went upon similar +grounds in their statement as to Raleigh's having visited Virginia. In +justice to Mr. Lodge, I must mention that the error into which he fell +with respect to Raleigh, in his sketch of the life of the Earl of +Cumberland, is not repeated in his biography of Raleigh, in which it may +be supposed he was more careful. Raleigh's having concerned himself +sometime in July or August in fitting out a vessel for Cumberland's +expedition, undoubtedly forms part of that chain of evidence alluded to +by Schomburgk, tending to prove his continued residence in England in +1586. I feel inclined, however, to search for positive evidence on the +point. In the very valuable collection of letters entitled the +<i>Leicester Correspondence</i>, published for the Camden Society in 1844, I +find his name occurring several times. On the 29th of March, 1586, +Raleigh writes "from the court" to the Earl of Leicester, at that time +in the Low Countries: he states that he had moved the Queen to send +Leicester some pioneers, and found her very willing; but that since, the +matter had been stayed, he knew not for what cause. He then goes on to +protest against certain rumours which had been afloat as to his having +been acting a treacherous part with the Queen against the Earl. +Leicester had been in some disgrace with her Majesty, and Raleigh in a +postscript says:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "The Queen is in very good tearms with yow, and, thanks be to + God, well pacified, and yow are agayne her 'sweet Robyn.'"</p> + +<p>On the 1st of April the Queen herself writes to Leicester a letter, +which will repay perusal. And on the same day, Walsingham, at the +express instance of the Queen, signifies to Leicester that Rawley, "upon +her honor," had done Leicester good offices; and that, during the time +of her displeasure, he dealt as earnestly for him as any other of his +friends. All this shows Raleigh in high favour and standing at the +court; and it is most improbable that he could, at such a moment, absent +himself no less than three months from it. These letters appear to have +been unusually long in reaching Leicester; in the early part of April he +complains of not getting letters from the Queen, and on the 27th a great +many reached him all at once. On the 31st of May, Leicester writes to +Walsingham, and speaks of Rawley's pioneers; saying that he had written +to him saying that they were ready to come. This could not refer to +Raleigh's letter of 29th of March, because in it he states that the +matter had been stayed; it must refer to one of a later date, which does +not appear, but which was written, in all probability, some time on in +May; it could not have been in Leicester's possession on the 29th of +May, because on that day he writes to Walsingham, and mentions the same +subject; namely, his wish for a reinforcement of 1000 men, which led him +to speak of Rawley's pioneers on the 31st. With regard to the time it +took to communicate with Leicester, he was at the Hague on the 30th of +July, and on that day he knew of Drake's arrival at Portsmouth, stated +in Hakluyt's account of Drake's voyage to have taken place on the 28th; +although it is true, Governor Lane, who came home in the fleet, says the +27th of the same month. This was very speedy communication; but the +arrival of Drake, and the results of his enterprise, were looked for +with the utmost anxiety by the English ministry; and, no doubt, their +satisfaction on the subject was communicated to Leicester by a rapid +express. On the 9th of July we find Walsingham writing to Leicester:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "And lastly, that yt shall in no sorte be fyt for her Majestye to + take any resolutyon in the cause until Sir Francis Drake's + returne, at lest untyll the successe of his vyage be seene; + wheruppon, in verry trothe, dependethe the lyfe and death of the + cause according to man's judgment."</p> + +<p>In a letter from Burleigh to Leicester, dated 20th of June, 1586, occurs +the following:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "In Irland all thynges are quiet, and a nombre of gentilmen of + Somersett, Devon, Dorcet, Cheshyre, and Lancashyre, are making + themselves to go to Monster, to plant two or three thousand + people, mere English, there this year."</p> + +<p>In a note to this, Mr. Bruce, the editor, states, that Stow records the +names of the honourable and worshipful gentlemen who made the attempt to +colonise Munster, and names, amongst others, Sir Walter Raleigh. It was +on this occasion that<a id="Page_451"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[451]</span> + the poet Spenser got his grant of 3,028 +acres in the county of Cork, which "is said to be dated June 27, 1586." +So the Rev. Mr. Mitford, in his life of Spenser, prefixed to the Aldine +edition of his poems (1839); and although he seems uncertain as to the +date, there can be no doubt but that it is correct. Now I think that +most people will agree with me in thinking that the whole of this, +Raleigh's movements so far as they can be traced, his position at court, +and the busy and stirring nature of the time, make it altogether +improbable that Raleigh was absent in the month of June, 1586, on a +voyage to Virginia. Hakluyt's not mentioning that he was in the vessel, +would of itself be convincing to my mind, knowing the extent of his +information on all subjects connected with Raleigh, and his minute and +painstaking accuracy. Knowing, however, that <i>this</i> was the voyage in +which Raleigh was stated to have visited Virginia, I have thought it +worth while to search for more positive evidence. How far I have +succeeded may be seen, but it is open to others to fix the fact of +Raleigh's having been in England within the time I have limited. As a +hint to go upon, I may mention that Babington's conspiracy was known to +the English ministry on the 9th of July, although the conspirators were +not apprehended until a month after; if Raleigh could be shown to have +had any share in the discovery of the plot, his presence in England in +the beginning of July, 1586, would be established beyond all doubt.</p> + +<p>I have already been more than sufficiently tedious on the subject of the +voyage of this little bark; what I have brought forward however bears +more or less upon the question as to Raleigh having visited Virginia: I +am clearly of opinion that on this occasion he did not. I cannot +refrain, however, from adding a word or two of purely speculative +conjecture. There is something rather suspicious in Drake visiting +Virginia with the whole of his armament, and losing time in doing so, +when the whole nation, from the queen downwards, was on the very +tenter-hooks of anxiety for intelligence of him and of his success. The +question arises, was it a rendezvous? and did the "bark of aviso" bear +other and more important despatches than those addressed to Master Ralph +Lane? Might not its arrival a day or two earlier have directed Drake to +strike a blow at some defenceless but important part of the Spanish +empire, deadly in proportion to its being unexpected? These are +questions which I can in no wise answer, but they have arisen in my +mind; and if it were so, we might be fain to believe, in spite of +everything that I have been able to bring forward, that Raleigh was +indeed on board his gallant little bark, but that, the mark not having +been hit, the attempt was kept secret. It must not be forgotten that at +that time, with the exception of this little colony, England had not a +rood of land in the New World. However, I must remember that history +ought not to deal in conjecture.</p> + +<p>About fourteen or fifteen days after the departure of the bark, Grenvill +made his appearance with the other three vessels. After making every +search he returned home, leaving fifteen men on the Island of Roanoke. +Subsequent expeditions found no traces of these men excepting the bones +of one of them. No one has ever asserted that Raleigh was on board of +this fleet.</p> + +<p>Nothing daunted by these failures—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "In the yeere of our Lord 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh, intending to + persevere in the planting of his countrey of Virginia, prepared a + newe colonie of one hundred and fiftie men to be sent thither, + under the charge of John White, whom hee appointed Governour, and + also appointed unto him twelve assistants, unto whom he gave a + charter, and incorporated them by the name of the Governour and + Assistants of the Citie of Raleigh in Virginia."—<i>Hak.</i> Vol. + iii. p. 280.</p> + +<p>This colony, owing to contentions with the natives and other causes, did +not thrive; and in August of the same year White was, much against his +wish, induced to return to England for assistance. He failed in his +first attempt to go back with aid. In 1593 he gives, at Hakluyt's +request, an account of a voyage he made thither in 1590, but which quite +failed in its object. The men with whom he embarked showed a greater +disposition towards buccaneering, than to assist him in his search for +the unfortunate colonists. He found traces of their having gone to the +Island of Croatan; but his associates would not prosecute the search, +and poor White, with a sad heart, was obliged to leave them, if they +even then survived, to their fate. From that day to this no intelligence +has ever been got as to what became of them. This voyage was made, if +not under Raleigh's auspices, at all events with his assistance. It has +been supposed by some that this voyage of White in 1590 was the <i>last</i> +attempt made by Raleigh to succour his colonists—he has even been +reproached with it. This, however, was not the case. At p. 1653. vol. +iv. of Purchas, a very brief account is given of a ship having been +purchased by Raleigh and sent out under the command of—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Samuell Mace (a sufficient marriner who had been twice before at + Virginia), to fynd out those people which he had sent last + thither by Captain White in 1587."</p> + +<p>The ill success of the previous attempts to communicate with the colony +seems to have been ascribed to the practice which prevailed in that day +of engaging seamen for the voyage with a share in the profits; this +Raleigh attempted to remedy by hiring "all the cumpanye for wages by the +month." I quote from Strachey's <i>Virginia</i>, printed by the Hakluyt +Society from an original MS., whose statement bears undoubted marks +of<a id="Page_452"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[452]</span> + being the original from which Purchas took his account, and +somewhat abridged it. In spite of Raleigh's precautions as to the +hiring, the people behaved ill, and—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "They returned, and brought no comfort or new accesse of hope + concerning the lives and safety of the unfortunate English + people, for which only they were sett forth, and the charg of + this employment was undertaken."</p> + +<p>Here ends the history of Sir Walter Raleigh's connexion with Virginian +discovery and colonisation. A new company was at the moment in +contemplation, and it even despatched its first pioneer vessel in the +same month of 1602 as Raleigh did. Raleigh may have had, to a certain +extent, a selfish object in view. His patent of 1584 was conditional, as +regarded its continuance, on his planting a colony within six years; and +had he been able to have discovered any remains, however small, of the +colony of '87, he could have prevented interlopers. The nature of his +position also in England in March, 1602, may perhaps afford a clue to +his designs. At that moment his royal mistress lay on the bed of +sickness, dying by inches. The clouds were beginning to gather around +Raleigh's head. His star, which had been in the ascendant for more than +twenty years, was getting nigh its setting. Raleigh, a man of wisdom and +foresight, as well as conduct and action, knew all this. He knew what he +had to expect, and what he afterwards in fact experienced, from the new +king, to whom all eyes were turned. Is it not most likely that he looked +to Virginia as his haven of refuge, where, if he could maintain his +patent rights, he might have set his enemies at defiance? Had this +dream, if he entertained it, been realised, the twelve years' +imprisonment and the bloody scaffold on which his head fell, might have +been averted. This, however, was not to be;—the search, as already +mentioned, was fruitless, and the new company went on; and, finally, +under a fresh charter from James I., Virginia was again colonised in +1606, since which time its history and existence have been +uninterrupted. On Raleigh's return from his last expedition to Guiana in +1618, only a few months before his murder, he touched at Newfoundland, +being, as I verily believe, the only occasion on which he set his foot +in North America.</p> + +<p>It may cause your readers to smile, and perhaps be a surprise to some of +them, when I conclude this long paper, written on the subject of +Raleigh's connexion with Virginia, by asserting that he never had any +connexion, direct or indirect, with it! All the colonies with which he +had to do were planted in North Carolina and the islands thereto +belonging. To have laid any stress upon this, or to have mentioned it +earlier than now, would have amounted to nothing but a play upon names. +The country called Virginia in Queen Elizabeth's reign, embraced not +only the state now so called, but also Maryland and the Carolinas. +Virginia Proper was in reality first planted by the company of 1606, who +fixed their settlement on the Chesapeake.</p> + + <p class="right"> T. N.</p> + + <p class="left"> Demerary, Oct. 1851.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span> +</h3> + +<h4> +<span><i>Bunting's Irish Melodies.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—On p. 167. of the third volume of + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," +M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEPHENS</span>, of Stockholm asks a question concerning the +<i>Irish Airs</i> of this distinguished musician. As a member of the Royal +Academy of Music in Stockholm, I feel more than ordinary pleasure in +answering the Query of your esteemed correspondent.</p> + +<p>Edward Bunting was born at Armagh in 1773. He claimed descent from +Patrick Gruama O'Quin, who as killed in arms in July, 1642; and it was +to this origin that Bunting attributed his musical talents, as well as +certain strong Irish predilections, for which he was through life +remarkable. His first collection of <i>Irish Airs</i> was published in 1796; +his second in 1809; and his third, and last, in 1840. The first work +contains sixty-six native Irish airs never before published. The second +added seventy-five tunes to the original stock. This volume, like the +first, afforded a copious fund of new melodies, of which the +song-writers of the day eagerly and largely availed themselves. The +third and final collection consists of upwards of 150 melodies; "Of +these," the editor remarks in his Preface, "considerably more than 120 +are now for the first time published, the remainder being sets much +superior to those already known." Bunting did not live to carry out his +plan of republishing his first two collections uniform with the third. +He died December 21, 1843, aged seventy. A copious memoir of him, +accompanied with a portrait, may be found in the <i>Dublin University +Magazine</i>, No. XLI., January, 1847.</p> + + <p class="right"> E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> F. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT.</span></p> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Colonies in England</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 272. 370.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—In Vol. iv., p. 207. +inquiry is made about the existence of colonies of Moors and others in +different parts of England: I was not aware of there being any such as +those he mentions, but as your correspondent wishes to know of any +others which may still exist, I can inform him that colonies of +Spaniards are known of in Mount's Bay and Torbay. The latter, from +having intermingled with the surrounding population, have not now, I +believe, much more than a traditionary Spanish descent; whilst the +former, on the contrary, have kept aloof, and are easily distinguished +from their marked Spanish features. This colony is planted at Mousehole; +and, according to their account, they have been settled there upwards of +three<a id="Page_453"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[453]</span> + centuries. Another account declares the original settlers +to have formed part of the Spanish Armada; and that after its defeat, +they made a descent on this part of the Cornish coast, drove out or +killed the former inhabitants and have ever since remained unmolested, +and in great measure distinct from the surrounding inhabitants. The +nature of the country in which they settled has, no doubt, proved +favourable to them in this respect, as the soil is barren and rocky, +with thinly scattered villages inhabited by a hardy race of fishermen.</p> + + <p class="right"> H. L.</p> + +<p>The settlement of a colony of Flemings in the lower part of +Pembrokeshire, called Rhos and Castle Martin, in the time of Henry I., +was one of the subjects discussed at the meeting of the Cambrian +Archological Association at Tenby in August last, where the subject was +fully debated, and the fact seemed established. A full report of this +discussion is contained in the October number of the <i>Cambrian +Archological Association</i>, published by Pickering, London.</p> + + <p class="right"> T. O. M.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>"History of Anglesey," &c.</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv, p. 317.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—This publication is +attributed to the Rev. J. Thomas in a note to page 230. of the <i>Cambrian +Plutarch</i>, by the late J. Humphreys Parry.</p> + + <p class="right"> T. O. M.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>The Lowey of Tunbridge</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 294.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—There still is, I +believe, a district known by this name. In order to save the valuable +space in "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," I will merely refer E. N. W. for +information respecting it to the following works:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "A Perambulation of Kent; written in the yeere 1570 by William + Lambarde of Lincolnes Inn, Gent. Imprinted at London by Edm. + Bollisant, 1596."—Page 425.</p> + +<p>This first I believe to be a somewhat scarce book.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "A Topographie or Survey of the County of Kent. By Richard + Kilburne, London, 1659."—Pp. 276, 277.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Tunbridge Wells and its Neighbourhood. By Paul Amsinck, Esq., + London, 1810."—Pp. 97-99.</p> + +<p>There are incidental notices of Tunbridge Lowey in Hasteds <i>History of +Kent</i>. From the <i>Parliamentary Gazetteer</i> I extract the following (to +which my attention has been directed by a friend):—</p> + +<p> "Tunbridge Lowey, a division in the Lathe of Aylesford, County of + Kent. Area, 20,660 acres; houses, 2,072; population in 1831, + 12,233."</p> + +<p>In 1841 the census returns for that district gave a population of +14,638.</p> + +<p>There is also, I believe, another "Lowey," viz. that of Pevensey.</p> + + <p class="right"> R. V<span class="smcap lowercase">INCENT</span>.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Praed's Works</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 256.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—About five years since I saw in +the travelling library of an American lady a very good edition of +Praed's <i>Poems</i>, small 8vo. clear type, published (I believe) in the +<i>States</i>. The owner promised to send me a fac-simile of the work, on her +return to New York; but family bereavements and various painful +circumstances have arisen to banish the recollection of such a promise. +I have asked for the book in vain in London; but if your correspondent +K. S. is very anxious to procure a copy, I would suggest an order for +it, given through <i>Chapman in the Strand</i>, to whom Wiley and Putnam +appear to have transferred the American literary agency. I should think +the price would not exceed six or seven shillings.</p> + + <p class="right"> Y<span class="smcap lowercase">UNAF</span>.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [This collection was published by Griswold of New York in 1844. + We saw a copy at Tupling's, No. 320. Strand, a few days since.]</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>John Cumber</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 83.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Some months ago + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. J. P. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLIER</span> +made some inquiries respecting John Kent, the Princess Sidanen, and +John Cumber. Respecting the two latter I was enabled to furnish some +information; and since that I have fallen upon the traces of John +Cumber. My inquiries have recently been directed to the scene of the +Battle of Cattraeth or Siggeston (Kirby Sigston); and I have +endeavoured, hitherto ineffectually, to find some good description of +the scenery of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and of the great plain of +Mowbray, which was probably the scene of the conflict described by +Aneurin, and which, I believe, includes both Catterick and Sigston. It +was in that country that I found John Cumber, who is most probably the +person described in the following extract:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Thirsk.—In the reign of Henry VII. an insurrection broke out + here, in consequence of an obnoxious tax. This was a subsidy + granted by the parliament to the king, to enable him to carry on + the war in Brittany against the French. The Earl of + Northumberland had signified at an assembly, that the king would + not remit any part of the tax, though the northern people had + besought it; when they, taking the earl to be the cause of the + answer, fell upon, and slew him, together with several of his + servants, at the instigation of one John Chamber. They then + placed themselves under a leader, Sir John Egremond, who, on + being defeated by the Earl of Surrey, fled into Burgundy. John + Chamber and some others were taken, and executed at York."—<i>A + Picturesque Tour in Yorkshire and Derbyshire</i>, by the late Edward + Dayes, London, 1825, pp. 147-8.</p> + +<p>Dayes gives no authorities;<a id="authorities2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 2." href="#fn2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> but this may afford a clue to further +discoveries.</p> + + <p class="right"> T. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEPHENS</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Merthyr, Nov. 21. 1851.</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#authorities2" class="label">[2]</a> [Dayes' account of the above insurrection will be +found in Kennett's <i>History of England</i>, vol. i. p. +595.—E<span class="smcap lowercase">D</span>.]<a id="Page_454"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[454]</span> +</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Punishment of Prince Edward of Carnarvon</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., pp. 338. 409.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. W. S. G<span class="smcap lowercase">IBSON</span> will find further particulars of the offence +and punishment of this prince in a paper by Mr. Blaauw on the recently +discovered letters of Prince Edward, which is published in the second +volume of the <i>Sussex Archological Collections</i>. The offence appears to +have been committed in May or June, 1305, and the minister was, as has +been stated, Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, the +king's Treasurer, but in the letters called Bishop of Chester; a seeming +discrepancy arising from the fact that the Bishops of Lichfield and +Coventry were not unfrequently called Bishops of Chester at that period, +which was two centuries before the present see of Chester was created.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. S. W.</p> + + <p class="left"> Middle Temple.</p> + +<p>It may be as well to add a note to your two communications from + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">OSEPH</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">URTT</span> and R. S. V. P., that the <i>Bishop of Chester</i>, named by the +former, is one and the same person with the <i>Bishop of Lichfield and +Coventry</i>, named by the latter, as suggested by + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span>; the two +bishoprics being identical, and almost as often called by one title as +by the other.</p> + + <p class="right"> P. P. C.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Joceline's Legacy</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 367. 410.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The <i>first</i> edition I +believe to have been "<i>The Mother's Legacie to her Vnborne Childe</i>, by +Elizabeth Iocelin, London. Printed by Iohn Hauiland, for William Barret, +1624." pp. 114. + title, approbation and epistle dedicatorie (40).</p> + +<p>Henry Jocelyn, a younger son of Sir Thomas Jocelyn, who died 4 Eliz., +married Anne, daughter and heir of Humphry Torrell, Esq., of Torrell's +Hall, Essex, by whom he had Sir Thomas Jocelyn, Knt., and <i>other sons;</i> +one of whom I suspect to have been the Tourell Jocelin, husband to Eliz. +Jocelin, the authoress of this excellent little tract.</p> + + <p class="right"> P. B.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Bristol Tables</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 406.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The four remarkable bronze +tables, respecting which E. N. W. inquires, formerly stood under the +piazza of the "Tolzey," or "Counter," in Bristol; the place where the +merchants transacted business. On the opening of the Exchange in 1743, +they were removed, and fixed in front of that building, where they now +stand. It appears that they were presented to the city at different +times, and by different persons. On a garter, beneath the surface of one +of them, is the following inscription:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Thomas Hobson of Bristol made me, anno 1625. Nicholas Crisp of + London gave me to this honourable city in remembrance of God's + mercy in anno domini 1625. N. C."</p> + +<p>On a ring round the surface is this inscription:</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Praise the Lord, O my soul! and forget not all his benefits. He + saved my life from destruction, and ... to his mercy and + loving-kindness. Praise...."</p> + +<p>On a ring round the surface of the second is the following:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "<span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1631. This is the gift of Mr. White of Bristoll, Merchant, + brother unto Dr. Thomas White, a famous benefactor to this + citie."</p> + +<p>On the garter round the exterior is this inscription:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "The church of the Living God is the pillar and ground of the + truth. So was the work of the pillars finished."</p> + +<p>The third table has the following words round the surface:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "This Post is the gift of Master Robert Kitchen, Merchant, some + time Maior and Alderman of this city, who deceased Sep. 1. 1594."</p> + +<p>On the ring below the surface:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "His Executors were fower of his servants. John Barker, Mathew + Howil, and Abell Kitchin, Aldermen of this city, and John + Rowborow, Sherif. 1630."</p> + +<p>Six lines in verse, and a shield with armorial bearings, formerly +appeared as the centre of this table; but they are now obliterated.</p> + +<p>The fourth table, which is supposed to be the oldest, has no +inscription.</p> + +<p>These curious round tables, on which the merchants of this ancient city +formerly made their payments, and wrote their letters, &c., are now used +by the newsmen, who here sell the daily journals, &c. In times of +popular excitement, they have been sometimes used as pedestals, whence +mob-orators, and candidates for parliamentary honours, have harangued +the populace.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. R. W.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Grimsdyke or Grimesditch</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 192. 330.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—There is a +hundred in Norfolk called Grimeshoe or Grimeshow, of which Blomefield, +in his History, vol. ii. p. 148., says:</p> + + <p> "It most probably derives its name from <i>Grime</i> and <i>hoo</i>, a + hilly champaign country. This Grime was (as I take it) some + considerable leader or general, probably of the Danes, in this + quarter; and if he was not the <i>prsitus comitatus</i>, or + <i>vicecomes</i>, that is, the shire reeve or sheriff, he was + undoubtedly the <i>Centuri prpositus</i>, that is, the + hundred-greeve; and, as such, gave the name to it, which it + retains to this day."</p> + +<p>Near this is a curious Danish encampment, with a number of pits and +tumuli, called <i>Grime's Graves</i>, from the aforementioned Grime. These +are about two miles east of the village of Weeting, on a rising ground. +On the west side of the village is a bank and ditch, extending several +miles, called the Fen-dyke or Foss. The encampment contains about two +acres, and is of a semicircular form. There are numerous deep pits dug +within it in the quincunx form, and capable of concealing a large army. +There are also several tumuli, one in particular of a long shape. The +usual opinion respecting these remains is, that it was the seat of great +military operations between the Saxons and Danes.</p> + + <p class="right"> E. S. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Derivation of "ra"</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 383.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—With regard to the +derivation of <i>ra</i> (or <i>Era</i>). I have<a id="Page_455"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[455]</span> + always been accustomed to +explain the derivation of <i>ra</i> or <i>Era</i> thus:—that it is a term +transferred from the [brazen] tablets, on which the records of events +were noted, to the events themselves, and thence to the computum, or +fixed chronological point from which the reckoning proceeds.</p> + +<p>My difficulty here has been to find sufficient instances of the use of +brass in ancient times for these purposes. Brass was the material on +which laws, &c. were commonly registered: but the fasti at present +discovered, as far as I can learn, are engraven on marble; as, for +instance, the Fasti Capitolini, discovered in the Roman Forum in 1547, +and the fragments afterwards brought to light in 1817, 1818.</p> + +<p>Isidore of Hispola, in the eighth century, in his <i>Origines</i>, gives this +derivation:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "ra singulorum annorum constituta est a Csare Augusto, quando + primum censum exegit. Dicta autem ra ex eo, quod omnis orbis s + reddere professus est reipublic."</p> + +<p>I quote on the authority of Facciolati, who adds that others derive the +word from the letters <span class="smcap lowercase">A.ER.A.</span>, "annus erat Augusti." These are not at +all satisfactory; and I shall be glad if you will allow me to throw in +my derivation as "being worth what it will fetch."</p> + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOPHYLACT</span>.</p> + +<p>Koch says, in note 5 to the Introduction of his <i>Revolution of Europe</i>, +that "ra" is derived from the initials of the phrase "Anno erat +regnante Augusto;" and was first used among the Spaniards, who dated +from the renewal of the second triumvirate even down to the fourteenth +or fifteenth centuries.</p> + + <p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">D.</span></p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Scent of the Blood-hound</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 368.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—C. H. asks whether it +be true that hound loses his scent—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "If he fele swetness of <span class="topnum">e</span> flouris."</p> + +</div> + +<p>A few years ago a master of fox-hounds in the New Forest excused some +bad sport in March thus "The hounds can't hunt for those d—d stinking +violets!" rather to the amusement of some of his field.</p> + + <p class="right"> G. N.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Monk and Cromwell Families</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 381.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—A S<span class="smcap lowercase">UBSCRIBER</span> seems to +imply that the Monk and Cromwell families intermarried. In Chauncy's +<i>Hertfordshire</i>, vol. i. p. 582. of the new edition, but which was +originally printed in 1700, it is stated, that the well-known manor of +Theobalds was granted by Charles II. to the great Monk in tail male; on +the death of his son, Duke Christopher, it reverted to the crown; and +that King William, by letters patent of the 4th of April, 1689, gave it +to William Bentinck, who was created Earl of Portland. It must have come +therefore, to the Cromwells by intermarriage either with Bentinck, +which, I believe, was not the case, or with some subsequent purchasers +of the manor. Theobalds originally belonged to Sir Robert Cecil, of whom +James I. obtained it in exchange for Hatfield. It was given as reward +for restoring the Stuarts to Monk, and to Bentinck for assisting again +to expel them.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. H. L.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>"<i>Truth is that which a man troweth</i>" </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 382.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—For the +information of your correspondent <span title="[Greek: G.]">Γ.</span> I send the following, +which I believe to be the original authority for the above saying. It is +taken from the celebrated work of Horne Tooke's, entitled <i>Diversions of +Purley</i>, which, though highly interesting as a treasury of philological +information, contains this among other absurd attempts to base moral +conclusions on the foundation of etymology:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "<i>Truth</i> is the third person singular of the indicative <i>trow</i>. + It was formerly written <i>troweth</i>, <i>trowth</i>, <i>trouth</i>, and + <i>troth</i>. And it means (<i>aliquid</i>, anything, something) that which + one <i>troweth</i>, i.e. thinketh, or firmly believeth."</p> + +<p>Dugald Stewart, in his <i>Philosophical Essays</i>, justly observes regarding +the principle involved in such speculations, that "if it were admitted +as sound, it would completely undermine the foundations both of logic +and of ethics."</p> + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">YRO</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Dublin.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>"<i>Worse than a Crime</i>" </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 274.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—In reply to a question you +attribute the famous saying concerning the murder of the Duc D'Enghien +to Talleyrand.</p> + +<p>If you will refer to p. 266. vol. i. of Fouch's <i>Memoirs</i>, 2nd edition, +1825, C. Knight, you will find that he claims the saying to himself:</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"I was not the person who hesitated to express himself with the + least restraint respecting the violence against the rights of + nations and of humanity. 'It is more than a crime, it is a + political fault.' I said words which I record, because they have + been repeated and attributed to others."</p> + + <p class="right"> J. W.</p> + + <p class="left"> Walsall.</p> + + +<p>In matters of rumour different people hear different things. I never +heard the words "c'estoit pire qu'un crime, c'estoit une faute," +ascribed to any one but Fouch of Nantes. I have understood that the +late Prince of Cond would not hold any intercourse with the Prince de +Talleyrand, or with the Court when he was present officiating as Grand +Chamberlain of France, owing to his full conviction of that minister's +privity to the murder of his son. But how is that consistent with +Talleyrand's more than condemning, and even ridiculing the action?</p> + + <p class="right"> A. N.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Verses in Classical Prose</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 382.).</span> +</h4> + + +<p>—Merely as matter of +information, permit me to refer your correspondent A. A. D. to the notes +of Glareanus and Drakenborch on the first lines<a id="Page_456"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[456]</span> + of Livy's +preface, and to the "variorum" commentators on the first line of +Tacitus' <i>Annals</i> ("Urbem Romanam ad principio reges habuere"), for a +collection of examples of the occurrence of verse in prose compositions.</p> + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEODORE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LOIS</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCKLEY</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 257.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Probably the +melodramatic spectacle mentioned by +M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ASKINS</span> was derived from a +Spanish book, of which I possess an English translation, bearing the +following title:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "A Relation of the First Voyages and Discoveries made by the + Spaniards in America, with an Account of their unparalleled + Cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above Forty + Millions of People. Together with the Propositions offered to the + King of Spain, to prevent the further ruin of the West Indies. By + Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an + Eye-witness of their Cruelties. Illustrated with Cuts. London, + printed for Daniel Brown at the Black Swan and Bible without + Temple Bar, and Andrew Bell at the Cross Keys and Bible in + Cornhill, near Stocks Market, 1699." 8vo. pp. 248.</p> + +<p>The "cuts" are twenty-two in number, on two fly-sheets, and represent +torturing death in the most horrible variety.</p> + +<p>A MS. note on a fly-leaf, in the handwriting of Mr. Bowdler of Bath, +says, "This book is taken out of the fourth part of Purchas's +<i>Pilgrims</i>, fol. 1569."</p> + + <p class="right"> E. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ARING</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Hotwells, Clifton.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Nolo Episcopari</i></span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 346.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—<i>Bishop Jeremy Taylor</i> seems to +ascribe the above oft-quoted words to the <i>Roman Pontifical</i>:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "It is lawful to desire a Bishoprick; neither can the + unwillingness to accept it be, in a prudent account, adjudged the + aptest disposition to receive it (especially if done in + ceremony—(in Pontifical. Rom.)—just in the instant of their + entertainment of it, and possibly after a long ambition.)"—<i>Life + of Christ</i>, Ad Sect. IX. Part I. 2.; <i>Considerations upon the + Baptism of Jesus</i>, p. 96. Lond. 1702. Fol.</p> + +<p>On more occasions than one I have hunted Roman Pontificals in vain, but +I may have been unfortunate in the editions to which I had access.</p> + +<p>It cannot at all events have descended from remote antiquity, for +"episcopari" is a comparatively modern word.</p> + +<p>St. Bernard uses it in his 272nd <i>Epistle</i>; but the Benedictine editors +speak of it as an "exotic."</p> + + <p class="right"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Warmington.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Hougoumont</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 313.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The assertion of your correspondent +A. B. R. I have met with before, but forget where: viz. that the proper +designation of the chteau in question is <i>Goumont</i>, and that +<i>Hougoumont</i> is only a corruption of <i>Chteau Goumont</i>.</p> + +<p>This may be the case; but the Duke must not be charged with the +corruption, for I have now before me a map of the Dpartement de la +Dyle, published "l'An 8 de la Rpublique Franaise, Bruxelles, &c., +par Ph. J. Maillart et Sœur," &c., in which the place is distinctly +called <i>Hougoumont</i>.</p> + + <p class="right">A. C. M.</p> + + <p class="lef"> Exeter.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Call a Spade, a Spade</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 274.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—I have found two early, +but unauthenticated, instances of the use of this saying, in a note by +J. Scaliger on the <i>Priapeia, sive Diversorum Poetarum in Priapum +Lusus</i>:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Simplicius multo est, ——, latin Dicere, quid faciam? + crassa Minerv mea est."</p> + + <p class="author"> <i>Carmen</i>, ii. 9, 10. </p> + +</div> + +<p class="blockquot"> + "<span title="[Greek: Agroikos eimi: tn skaphn skaphn leg]">Ἄγροικός + εἰμι· τὴν σκάφην + σκάφην λέγω</span>;" + Aristophanes.—"Unde jocus maximi Principis, Philippi Macedonis. + Quum ii, qui prodiderant Olynthum Philippo, conquestum et + expostulatum ad ipsum venissent, quod injurios nimis vocarentur + proditores ab aliis Macedonibus: + <span title="[Greek: hoi Makedones]">οἱ Μακεδόνες</span>, inquit, + <span title="[Greek: amatheis kai agroikoi eisi: tn skaphn skaphn legousi]">ἀμαθεῖς + καὶ ἄγροικοί + εἰσι· τὴν σκάφην + σκάφην λέγουσι</span>."—J. Scaliger.</p> + +<p>For which note see the "Priapeia," &c., at the end of an edition of +Petronius Arbiter, entitled, <i>Titi Petronii Arbitri Equitis Romani +Satyricon. Concinnante Michaele Hadrianide. Amstelodami. Typis Ioannis +Blaeu. M.DC.LXIX.</i></p> + +<p>As I cannot at this moment refer to any good verbal index to +Aristophanes, I cannot ascertain in what part of his works Scaliger's +quotation is to be found. Burton, in his preface to the <i>Anatomy of +Melancholy</i> ("Democritus Junior to the Reader"), repeats the saying +twice, <i>i.e.</i> in Latin and English, and presents it, moreover, in an +entirely new form:</p> + + <p> "I am <i>aqu potor</i>, drink no wine at all, which so much improves + our modern wits; a loose, plain, rude writer, <i>ficum voco ficum, + et ligonem ligonem</i>, and as free as loose; <i>idem calamo quod in + mente</i>: I call a spade a spade; <i>animis hc scribo, non auribus</i>, + I respect matter, not words," &c.—Democritus Jr. to the Reader, + Burton's <i>Anatomy of Melancholy</i>, Blake, +<span class="smcap lowercase">MDCCCXXXVI.</span> one vol. + 8vo. p. 11.</p> + + <p class="right"> C. F<span class="smcap lowercase">ORBES.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Temple.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>"<i>Tace is Latin for a Candle</i>" </span> +<span>(Vol. i., p. 385.; Vol. ii., p. 45.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Your correspondent H. B. C. states that the earliest use he has +met with of this phrase is in Dean Swift's <i>Polite Conversation</i>, +written, as appears by the preface, about 1731; but he will find, in +Dampier's <i>Voyages</i>, the same phrase in use in 1686, or perhaps earlier: +not having the work itself at hand, I cannot refer him to the passage, +but he will find it quoted in the <i>United Service Journal</i> for 1837, +Part III. p. 11.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. S. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ARDEN</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Balica, Oct. 1851.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Collars of SS.</i></span> + <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—With reference to the +different notices that have appeared<a id="Page_457"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[457]</span> + in your pages respecting +effigies bearing the collar of SS, and especially in compliance with the +desire expressed by M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. E. F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span>, that information should be sent to you +of any effigy that might be met with having this distinction, I beg to +state that in the church of St. Mary, Ruabon, Denbighshire, there is a +finely executed high tomb of alabaster, bearing the effigies of "John ap +Ellis Eyton" and of his lady "Elizabeth Chalfrey Ellis Eyton;" the +former deceased <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1524, and the latter +<span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1527. The knight wears +the collar of SS, to which is suspended a rose-shaped ornament, and is +stated to have been at the battle of Bosworth, and, for his services on +that day, to have been granted by Henry VII. what lands he chose. The +knight's gauntlets lie together on his right side, and his feet rest +against a lion.</p> + + <p class="right"> G. J. R. G.</p> + + <p class="left"> Pen-y-lau, Ruabon.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Locusts of the New Testament</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., pp. 255. 351.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—In reference +to the word <span title="[Greek: akris]">ἀκρὶς</span>, which has given rise to so much discussion +in your very valuable periodical, may I be permitted to observe that the +ptois spoken in this town (Nice = Nizza = Nica, founded by the +Phocans, expelled their Asian abode by Harpagus; Strabo, l. 4. p. 184.; +Herod. i. 163.) bears many traces of its Greek origin. The tree which +answers to the "locust" is called by the peasantry <i>acrob</i>; and in +order that you, or any of your correspondents, may observe its +similarity in every point to the Eastern tree, I have transmitted a +packet of its fruit to your office. I do not know whether Grimm's law +would authorise the antithesis of a <i>d</i> for a <i>p</i> sound, but every +student of Romaic will allow the tendency that <i>i</i> and <i>o</i> sounds have +for interchanging. This would give <i>acreed</i>, +<span title="[Greek: akrid]">ακρίδ</span>, the root of +<span title="[Greek: akris]">ἀκρὶς</span>.</p> + + <p class="right"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">ICENSIS</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Theodolite</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 383.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—If your correspondent J. S. W<span class="smcap lowercase">OOD</span> will +refer to Todd's <i>Johnson's Dictionary</i>, he will find the derivation of +the word thus—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEODOLITE</span> (Fr. from +<span title="[Greek: the]">θεῶ</span>, Gr., contracted of +<span title="[Greek: thea]">θεάω</span>, or +<span title="[Greek: theaomai]">θεάομαι</span>, to observe; and +<span title="[Greek: dolichos]">δολιχὸς</span>, + long. See Morin, <i>Fr. and Gr. Etym. Dict.</i>), a mathematical + instrument for taking heights and distances."</p> + + <p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILKINSON</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Brompton, Nov. 15. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>"<i>A Posie of other Men's Flowers</i>" </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 211.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Your +correspondent M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C. F<span class="smcap lowercase">ORBES</span> appears anxious to know where Montaigne +speaks of "a posie of other men's flowers." I believe that there is an +error in confining Montaigne's idea thus exclusively to poetry, for I +presume the passage sought for is what I shall now quote; but if so, it +applies generally to any borrowed thought from an author embellished by +another:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "La vrit et la raison sont communes un chascun, et ne sont + plus celui qui les adictes premirement, qu' qui les dict + aprez: ce n'est non plus selon Platon que selon moy, puisque luy + et moy l'entendons, et veoyons de mesme. <i>Les abeilles pillotent + dea del les fleurs; mais elles en font aprez le miel, qui est + tout leur; ce n'est plus thym, ny mariolaine</i>; ainsi les pices + empruntes d'aultruy, il les transformera et confondra pour en + faire un ouvrage tout sien, scavoir son jugement," + &c.—<i>Essays</i>, livre i. chap. 25.</p> + +<p>I hope that this will satisfactorily answer your correspondent's +inquiry.</p> + + <p class="right">J. R.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Voltaire</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iii. p. 433.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—On the subject of <i>anagrams</i>, lately +adverted to by your correspondents, I not long since referred to that +which showed that the name of <i>Voltaire</i>, as adduced by me in the +<i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> a few years back, instead of being, as asserted +by Lord Brougham and others, that of an estate, was in fact the anagram +of his family patronymic, with the adjunct of l. j., or junior (le +jeune), to distinguish him from his elder brother. We see similarly the +President of the French National Assembly uniformly called "Dupin +l'an"; and his brother Charles, until created a Baron, always "Dupin +le jeune." Observing, therefore, that Voltaire was in reality Arouet le +jeune, or, as he signed it, Arouet l. j., and that the two letters u and +j were, until distinguished by the Elzevir, indiscriminately written v +and i, the anagram will thus be clearly proved: every letter, though +transposed, being equally in both:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> A R O V E T L J</p> + <p> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> V O L T A I R E</p> + <p> 4 3 7 6 1 8 2 5</p> + +</div> + +<p>Although, as above mentioned, this unquestionable fact has already +appeared in another publication, and, indeed, likewise in the <i>Dublin +Review</i> for June 1845 (both from me), yet the old mis-statement of this +celebrated personage's biographers still continued to be asserted, as it +has been in your own pages. This is my motive for now addressing you on +the matter. Voltaire, I may add, was a little partial to his paternal +name. To the Abb Moussinot, his Parisian agent, he thus wrote on the +17th of May, 1741:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Je vous ai envoy ma signature, dans laquelle j'ai oubli le nom + d'Arouet, que j'oublie assez volontiers."</p> + +<p>And, on another occasion:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Je vous renvoie d'autres parchemins, o se trouve ce nom, malgr + le peu de cas que j'en fais."</p> + +<p>Mixing with the higher classes of society, he wished, like them, to be +known by a territorial possession, and framed the name now resounding +through the world, prefixing to it the nobiliary particle, <i>De</i>. His +elder brother was named Armond, whose death preceded that of the younger +by thirty-seven years, 1741-1778; both were unmarried. Numerous, and +curious too, are the anagrams which my memory could furnish me.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. R.<a id="Page_458"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[458]</span></p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Sinatic Inscriptions</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 382.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The decipherer of these +inscriptions was the late Professor Beer of Berlin. T. D. will find his +alphabet, together with that of the Himyaritic inscriptions, and others +which resemble them, in Dr. (John) Wilson's <i>Lands of the Bible</i>.</p> + + <p class="right"> E. H. D. D.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Le Greene at Wrexham</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 371.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—A survey of the lordships +of Bromfield and Yale (within the former of which this town is +situated), made by Norden about the year 1620 for Charles I., then +Prince of Wales, has been preserved in the Harleian Collection in the +British Museum. The descriptive part is in Latin; but before the names +of the places and streets in this town the French article <i>le</i> is used, +as Le highe street, Le hope street, Le church street, Le beast market, +Le greene. The larger part of this Le greene (now called "The Green") +has still grass growing upon it; and there is no tradition that either a +granary or corn-mill was ever situated there.</p> + +<p class="right">☞ </p> + +<p class="left"> Wrexham.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Cross-legged Effigies</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 382.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—In the parish church of +Limington, Somerset, is a figure of a cross-legged knight, with his hand +on the hilt of his sword, as if about to draw it. The date of the +foundation of the chantry in which he lies is said to be 1329, and the +mouldings and windows appear to testify its correctness.</p> + + <p class="right"> <span title="[Hebrew: Beth.]">ב.</span></p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>The Word <span title="[Greek: Adelphos]">Ἀδελφὸς</span></i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 339.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Your correspondent, +the Rev. T. R. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ROWN</span>, is right in acquiescing in the ordinary derivation +of <span title="[Greek: adelphos]">ἀδελφὸς</span> from +<span title="[Greek: a]">ἀ</span> and +<span title="[Greek: delphys]">δέλφυς</span>, but wrong, as +I think, in endeavouring to find cognate forms in the Indo-Germanic +languages. The fact is, that the word is solely and peculiarly Greek. +The Sanscrit word for brother is, as every body knows, <i>bhratri</i> (Latin, +<i>frater</i>, &c.); and that this form was not entirely unknown to the +Hellenic races, is evidenced by their use of +<span title="[Greek: phratra]">φράτρα</span>, or +<span title="[Greek: phratr]">φράτρη</span>, in various senses, all of which may easily be reduced +to the one common idea of brotherhood. How it happened that the word +<span title="[Greek: phratr]">φρατὴρ</span> was lost in Greek, and +<span title="[Greek: adelphos]">ἀδελφὸς</span> substituted, +we think we can satisfactorily explain, and, if so, the elucidation will +make clearer an interesting point in Greek manners. It appears that +they, in common with some Eastern nations, looked upon the relationship +between brothers of the same mother as much closer in blood than that in +which the brothers were related through the father alone; and hence the +well-known law forbidding +<span title="[Greek: adelphoi homomtrioi]">ἀδελφοὶ + ὁμομητρίοι</span> <i>alone</i> to +marry. In the same manner we find Abraham (Gen. xx. 12.) using a similar +excuse for marrying Sarah:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my + father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my + wife."</p> + +<p>It is not difficult, therefore, to understand how this notion prevailing +among the Greeks, might lead them to frame a new word from +<span title="[Greek: a]">ἀ</span> +and +<span title="[Greek: delphys]">δέλφυς</span>, to express the uterine relation of brothers, which +would soon in common use supplant the older Indo-German term +<span title="[Greek: phratr]">φρατὴρ</span>. For further reasons which may have influenced the dropping of +the word +<span title="[Greek: phratr]">φρατὴρ</span>, I would refer to a learned article on +"Comparative Philology" in the last number of the <i>Edinburgh Review</i>, by +Dr. Max Mller.</p> + +<p>With regard to the derivations suggested by +M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ROWN</span> from the Hebrew, +Arabic, &c., I think I am justified in laying down as a rule that no +apparent similarity between words in the Semitic and Asian families can +be used to establish a real identity, the two classes of language being +radically and fundamentally distinct.</p> + + <p class="right"> J. B.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Finger Pillories</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 315.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Meeting recently with a person +who, although illiterate, is somewhat rich in oral tradition and local +folk lore, I inquired if he had ever seen such a thing as that described +by MR. L<span class="smcap lowercase">AWRENCE</span>. He replied that he had not, but that he had frequently +heard of these "stocks," as he called them, and that he believed they +were used in "earlier days" for the purpose of inflicting <i>penance</i> upon +those parishioners who absented themselves from mass for any lengthened +period. My informant illustrated his explanation with a "traditionary" +anecdote (too fabulous to trouble you with), which had been the means of +imparting the above to him. Whether correct or not, however, I must +leave others to determine.</p> + + <p class="right">J. B. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLMAN.</span></p> + +<p class="blockquot">[Will our correspondent favour us with the tradition to which he + refers?]</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Blackloana Heresis</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 239.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The accounts given of +Blacklow and his religious heresy merely excite curiosity. Will no one +furnish some brief particulars of him and his proceedings? For what was +Peter Talbot famous, and where may his history be read?</p> + + <p class="right"> E. A. M.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Quaker Expurgated Bible.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—A M<span class="smcap lowercase">EMBER OF THE</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">OCIETY OF</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">RIENDS</span> (Vol. +iv., p. 412.) has answered my Query respecting this Bible in a manner +not very satisfactory. He says "no committee was ever appointed by the +Society of Friends" to publish such a Bible, and that the Society adopt +the English authorised version only. The authority from which I quoted +did not say that the committee had been appointed by the Society of +Friends, or that the object of the proposed publication was to supersede +the version authorised by the Church, which (as is well known) is +adopted, as your correspondent states, by the Society. What she states +is this:—That about four years ago a Committee of Friends intended to +publish such an edition of the Bible, for daily perusal in Friends' +families; and that a prospectus was printed, in which it was promised +that every passage of the Bible would be carefully expunged<a id="Page_459"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[459]</span> + which +was unfit for reading aloud, and also those which might be called +dangerous, which the unlearned and unstable might wrest to their own +destruction.</p> + +<p>My Query was, whether such a Bible was ever published, and whether any +of your correspondents could furnish a copy of the prospectus alluded +to? It is no answer to this to say, that the committee who proposed to +publish this Bible were not appointed by the Society of Friends, and +that the Friends applied to by your correspondent knew nothing of the +project. The authoress of the work I quoted has since been publicly +named, and if this query should meet her eye, perhaps she may be able to +give me the information I require. It is the more incumbent upon her to +do so, as the tone of your correspondent is evidently intended to throw +a doubt upon her veracity.</p> + + <p class="right"> T.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>"<i>Acu tinali merida</i>" </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 406.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—An ingenious friend has +suggested to me the following explanation of this passage: +<span title="[Greek: Akoue tn alln merida]">Ἄκουε + τὴν ἄλλην μερίδα</span>. It is rendered almost certain by the words that come +immediately after, in the line quoted by C. W. G., <i>i.e.</i> "audi alteram +partem." I am unable, however, to point out the source from which the +Greek motto was derived. Perhaps some of your readers will solve this +ulterior question.</p> + + <p class="right"> C. H.</p> + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span> +</h2> + +<h3> +<span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span> +</h3> + +<p>What the Laureate of the day, inspired by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, +sang in 1748,—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Th' Almighty hand, which first her shores secured</p> + <p>With rolling oceans, and with rocks immured,</p> + <p>Which spread her plains, and bade her flocks increase,</p> + <p>Designed Britannia for the Land of Peace;</p> + <p>Where Commerce only should exert her sway,</p> + <p>And musing Science trim th' unfading bay"—</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">was in 1851 recognised by the whole civilised world, not as a poetical +fiction, but as a practical, we had almost said a political, truth. +Hence the Crystal Palace, that glorious Temple of Concord, which those +potent genii Fox and Henderson, at the bidding of the arch-magician +Paxton, raised before our eyes, to put to shame the visionary glories of +the <i>Arabian Nights</i>;—and hence the avidity with which, like +ministering sprites, all the great manufacturers and producers, artists +and artizans, vied with each other in assembling beneath its fairy dome +the masterpieces of their respective skill, ingenuity, and science. +Hence, too, the unfading interest with which, day after day, from May +until October, did thousands upon thousands press forward to gaze upon a +scene unparalleled in the world's history, whether for costliness of +display or moral grandeur.</p> + +<p>Of such an event—of such a scene, which it was acknowledged fairly +represented the productive genius of the whole world, all may well +desire to preserve some remembrance; and whatever may be the fate of the +Crystal Palace, the great gathering of the nations which assembled under +its roof has found an imperishable monument in the three handsome octavo +volumes which form <i>The Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue +of the Great Exhibition</i>, 1851. In this great and useful record—the raw +materials for which were furnished by no fewer than <i>fifteen thousand +authors</i>—we have not only an account of every article exhibited, +accompanied in many instances by valuable notes from the ablest +scientific pens, pointing out the leading features of interest in the +objects described—which annotations again are rendered still more +valuable by the twelve hundred woodcut illustrations which are scattered +through these pages,—but we have also Mr. Cole's valuable Historical +Introduction, illustrating the Rise of the Exhibition, its Progress and +Completion; Mr. Digby Wyatt's able account of the Construction of the +Building and of the mechanical applications employed; and Mr. Ellis' +interesting description of the Revision and Preparation of the +Catalogue; when we add that it contains, moreover, all sorts of Indices +and Lists for facilitating references—our readers will, we think, agree +with us that this most complete, instructive, and extraordinary +Catalogue may fairly be regarded as <i>An Encyclopdia of the Industry of +all Nations in 1851</i>, and as such should find a place not only in every +factory and workshop, but in every study and educational establishment +within the realm. To meet the requirements of those who cannot purchase +the <i>Illustrated Catalogue</i>, Messrs. Spicer have issued a corrected and +improved edition of the <i>Official Catalogue, with Alphabetical Indices +of Names and Subjects, and British and Foreign Priced Lists</i>: while to +enable the non-scientific reader to understand, and to furnish the +scientific reader with the results, or, as we might term it, a +summing-up of the details to be found in the works already described, +they commissioned Mr. Robert Hunt to prepare a <i>Handbook to the Official +Catalogues; an Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and +Manufactures of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations</i>, +1851; and that gentleman has so ably executed his task, that, though +some who may only wish for general views and impressions may content +themselves with his <i>Handbook</i>, the majority of the purchasers of the +larger Catalogues must secure Mr. Hunt's interesting volume as an +indispensable companion to them.</p> + +<p>When we read the announcement that Mr. Planch was about to publish <i>The +Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded upon Facts</i>, we looked for a +work in which good common sense and sound antiquarian knowledge would be +found applied to an important branch of historical learning, which has +been too often followed by men whose disregard of the former, and want +of the latter gift, have done much to justify Voltaire's biting sarcasm +upon heraldry. Nor have we been disappointed. The work is one of facts +rather than of inferences; and although the accomplished gentleman now +at the head of the College of Arms, to whom, "as an able antiquary and +worthy man," the work is most appropriately dedicated, may probably +dissent from some of Mr. Planch's views, he will, we are sure, admit +that they are cautiously advanced, and maintained with learning and +ability; and that the <i>Pursuivant of Arms</i>, with its numerous woodcut +illustrations<a id="Page_460"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[460]</span> + drawn from old seals, monuments, &c., is a valuable +contribution towards a more perfect knowledge of heraldic antiquities.</p> + +<p>Few books of travels in the East have excited greater attention, on +their first appearance, or maintained their popularity for a longer +period, than the lively volume entitled <i>Eothen</i>. In selecting it, +therefore, for the Eleventh and Twelfth Parts of <i>The Traveller's +Library</i>, Messrs. Longman have shown their determination to maintain the +interest of that excellent series of cheap books.</p> + +<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.—C. Skeet's (21. King William Street, Strand) +Catalogue No. 3. of Old and New Books; W. Lumley's (56. Chancery Lane) +Bibliographical Advertiser No. 9., Ninth Series; E. Stibbs's (331. +Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books; W. S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Seventy-fifth Catalogue of English, +Foreign, Classical and Miscellaneous Cheap Second-hand Books; and +Supplementary Catalogue of Italian Books.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br /> +WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span> +</h3> + +<p class="indh"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ITFORD'S</span> +H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">REECE.</span> +Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo.</p> + +<p class="indh"> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIS'S</span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">RCHITECTURE OF THE</span> +M<span class="smcap lowercase">IDDLE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">GES</span>. + 15<i>s.</i> will be given for a copy.</p> + +<p class="indh"> F<span class="smcap lowercase">LUDD</span> +(R<span class="smcap lowercase">OBERT</span>, M.D.) <i>alias</i> +D<span class="smcap lowercase">E</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">LUCTIBUS</span>, + called the Searcher. Any of his works.</p> + + <p class="indh">B<span class="smcap lowercase">EHMEN'S</span> +(J<span class="smcap lowercase">ACOB</span>) G<span class="smcap lowercase">ENESIS</span>.</p> + +<p class="indh"> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AW'S</span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">PPEAL</span>, &c. </p> + +<p class="indh"> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AW'S</span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">PPEAL</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ASE OF</span> +R<span class="smcap lowercase">EASON.</span></p> + +<p class="indh"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">UNTER'S</span> +D<span class="smcap lowercase">EANERY OF</span> +D<span class="smcap lowercase">ONCASTER</span>. Vol. I. Large or small paper.</p> + +<p class="indh">C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARE'S</span> +R<span class="smcap lowercase">URAL</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">USE.</span></p> + +<p class="indh">C<span class="smcap lowercase">HRISTIAN</span> +P<span class="smcap lowercase">IETY</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">REED FROM THE</span> +D<span class="smcap lowercase">ELUSIONS OF</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ODERN</span> +E<span class="smcap lowercase">NTHUSIASTS</span>. <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> +1756 or 1757. </p> + +<p class="indh">A<span class="smcap lowercase">N</span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWER TO</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">ATHER</span> +H<span class="smcap lowercase">UDDLESTONE'S</span> +S<span class="smcap lowercase">HORT AND</span> +P<span class="smcap lowercase">LAIN</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">AY TO THE</span> +F<span class="smcap lowercase">AITH AND</span> +C<span class="smcap lowercase">HURCH</span>. By Samuel Grascombe. London, 1703. 8vo.</p> + +<p class="indh">R<span class="smcap lowercase">EASONS FOR </span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">BROGATING THE </span> +T<span class="smcap lowercase">EST IMPOSED UPON ALL </span> +M<span class="smcap lowercase">EMBERS OF</span> +P<span class="smcap lowercase">ARLIAMENT</span>. by Samuel Parker, Lord Bishop of +Oxon. 1688. 4to.</p> + +<p class="indh">L<span class="smcap lowercase">EWIS'S</span> +L<span class="smcap lowercase">IFE OF</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">AXTON</span>. +8vo. 1737.</p> + +<p class="indh">C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUE OF</span> +J<span class="smcap lowercase">OSEPH</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">MES'S</span> +L<span class="smcap lowercase">IBRARY</span>. 8vo. 1760.</p> + +<p class="indh"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">RAPP'S</span> +C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMMENTARY</span>. Folio. Vol. I.</p> + +<p class="indh">W<span class="smcap lowercase">HITLAY'S</span> +P<span class="smcap lowercase">ARAPHRASE ON THE</span> +N<span class="smcap lowercase">EW</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">ESTAMENT</span>. +Folio. Vol. I. 1706. </p> + +<p class="indh">L<span class="smcap lowercase">ONG'S</span> +A<span class="smcap lowercase">STRONOMY</span>. 4to. 1742.</p> + +<p class="indh">A<span class="smcap lowercase">DAMS'</span> +M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORAL</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">ALES</span>.</p> + +<p class="indh">A<span class="smcap lowercase">UTOBIOGRAPHY OF</span> +D<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHNSON.</span> +1805.</p> + +<p class="indh6"> +<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> . Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. +Fleet Street.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Notices to Correspondents.</span> +</h3> + +<p>BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. <i>In compliance with the suggestion of several +correspondents, that the space now occupied by our enumeration of +catalogues published during the week might be filled with information of +greater interest to our readers, such announcements will in future be +discontinued.</i></p> + +<p>O. S. <i>The passage</i>—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Finds tongues in trees," &c.</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent"><i>is in Shakspeare's</i> As You Like It, Act II. Scene 1.</p> + +<p>W. S. (Linwood). <i>The</i> History of Napoleon <i>in the</i> Family Library <i>was +written by Mr. Lockhart.</i></p> + +<p>M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. F<span class="smcap lowercase">ENTON'S</span> <i>Query was received, and, as we thought, inserted. It shall +be attended to.</i></p> + +<p>D<span class="smcap lowercase">RYASDUST'S</span> <i>Query respecting the "Crucifix" appeared in our last +Number</i>, p. 422.</p> + +<p><i>A copy of</i> D'A<span class="smcap lowercase">RBLAY'S</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">IARY</span>, Vol. II., <i>has been reported, and may be +had of the Publisher.</i></p> + +<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.—<i>Coins of Vabalathus—Crosses and Crucifixes—Mrs. +Mary Anne Clarke—Coke, how pronounced—Freemasonry—Calendar of +Knights—Ellrake—Isabel of Man—Cromwell Estates—Jonah and the Whale, +&c.—Church of St. Bene't Fink—Locust Tree—Story in Jeremy +Taylor—Deep Well near Banstead Downs—Erroneous Scripture +Quotations—Crowns have their Compass—Presant Family—Dido and neas, +&c.—Earwig—Passage in Virgil—Passage in Campbell—Bristol +Tables—Slums, &c.—Serpent with a Human Head—Abigail—Hogarth and +Cooper.</i></p> + +<p><i>Copies of our</i> Prospectus, <i>according to the suggestion of</i> T. E. H., +<i>will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them.</i></p> + +<p>V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLS</span>. I., II., <i>and</i> III., <i>with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth.</i></p> + +<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher</i>, +M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186. Fleet +Street; <i>to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed.</i></p> + +<p><i>Erratum.</i>—Vol. iv. p. 429. col. i. 1. 15. for "works of" read "works +of two of."</p> + + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center larger">THE ART JOURNAL FOR JANUARY 1852.</p> + +<p class="center2">Circulation guaranteed at 30,000.</p> + +<p>Advertisements for January should be addressed to MR. CLARK, "Art +Journal Office," 8. Wellington Street North, ON OR BEFORE THE THIRTEENTH +INSTANT.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> SEASONABLE GIFT-BOOK FOR THE YOUNG.</p> + + <p class="center"> Just published, fcap. 8vo., cloth, with Steel Engravings, price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS, and OTHER TALES. By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY. Dedicated +to her Children.</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Approaching in tone and tendency to the Fary Tales of Andersen. + Most commendable as a fary book, with a beautiful Frontispiece + Illustration by an amateur artist, Miss L. E. + Barker."—<i>Athenum.</i></p> + + <p class="blockquot">"A very pretty little book, showing a great deal of talent and + originality. Indeed, the children are so real, so like our own + small friends and acquaintance in all their ways and sayings, + that it gives an additional quaintness to the story to find them, + subject to the influence of fairies. The lessons are all + admirable."—<i>The Monthly Packet.</i></p> + + <p class="center"> London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center">Just published, No. 14. price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> imperial 4to.,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing +examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect.</p> + + <p class="center"> CONTENTS.</p> + + <p> E.E. Side Elevation and Section, South Porch, West Walton Church, Norfolk.</p> + <p> " Details of Pinnacle from ditto <span class="right1"> ditto.</span></p> + <p> " Window, Binham Priory, Norfolk.</p> + <p> " Door. ditto <span class="right1">ditto.</span></p> + <p> DEC. Diaper work from Winchelsea.</p> + + <p class="center"> (Continued Monthly.)</p> + + <p class="center"> London: D. BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.</p> + + </div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> NEW WORK BY DR. R. G. LATHAM.</p> + + <p class="center"> This day, demy 8vo. 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE GERMANIA OF TACITUS; with Ethnological Dissertations and Notes. By +Dr. R. G. LATHAM, Author of the "English Language," &c.</p> + + <p class="center"> London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower + Street; and 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> CHEAP FOREIGN BOOKS.</p> + + <p class="center"> Just published, post free, one stamp,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S SECOND-HAND CATALOGUE, No. 4. Literature, History, +Travels, German Language, Illustrated Books, Art, Architecture, and +Ornament. 600 Works at very much reduced prices.</p> + +<p>WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S GERMAN BOOK CIRCULARS. New Books and Books reduced +in price. No. 28. Theology, Classics, Oriental and European Languages, +General Literature. No. 29. Sciences, Natural History, Medicine, +Mathematics, &c.</p> + +<p class="center"><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> + Gratis on application.</p> + +<p class="center"> WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center">NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">YEAST: A PROBLEM. By CHARLES KINGSLEY, Rector of Eversley. Cheaper +Edition. 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>LEAVES FROM THE NOTE-BOOK OF A NATURALIST. By W. J. BRODERIP, F.R.S., +Author of "Zoological Recreations." Post 8vo.</p> + +<p>ON THE STUDY OF WORDS. Five Lectures addressed to the Pupils at the +Diocesan Training School, Winchester. By R. CHENEVIX TRENCH, B.D., +Professor of Divinity, King's College. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>ARUNDINES CAMI, sive MUSARUM CANTABRIGIENSIUM LUSUS CANORI; collegit +atque edidit HENRICUS DRURY, M.A. Fourth Edition. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>THE OLD TESTAMENT.—Nineteen Sermons on the First Lessons for the +Sundays between Septuagesima Sunday and the First Sunday after Trinity. +By F. D. MAURICE, M.A., Professor of Divinity, King's College. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>THE KINGDOM of CHRIST. By R. WHATELEY, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin. Fifth +Edition, 8vo. 8<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>HISTORY OF TRIAL BY JURY. By W. FORSYTH, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge, Author of "Hortensius." 8vo.</p> + +<p>BABYLON AND JERUSALEM; a Letter addressed to Ida, Countess of Hahn-Hahn. +From the German. With a Preface by the Translator. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>PEARSON'S LECTURES ON THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AND ANNALS OF ST. PAUL. +Edited in English, with a few Notes, by J. R. CROWFOOT, B.D., Divinity +Lecturer of King's College, Cambridge. 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>BIBLE COINS; Metallic Fac-similes of the Coins mentioned in Holy +Scripture. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p class="center"> London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. West Strand.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">NEANDER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. 5. Post 8vo. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p class="center"> HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">CICERO'S ORATIONS, literally translated by C. D. YONGE, M.A., including +all the ORATIONS AGAINST VERRES. Post 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p class="center"> HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">AGASSIZ AND GOULD'S COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, touching the Structure and +Development of the Races of Animals, living and extinct. Enlarged by Dr. +WRIGHT. Post 8vo., with 390 woodcuts. 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p class="center"> HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">SIR THOMAS BROWNE'S WORKS, edited by SIMON WILKIN, F.L.S. Vol. 1, +containing the VULGAR ERRORS. Post 8vo. Fine Portrait. 5<i>s.</i> +</p> + + <p class="center"> HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> BOHN'S CHEAP SERIES FOR DECEMBER.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">HAWTHORNE'S TWICE TOLD TALES. Post 8vo. Price 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p class="center"> HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> Water-Colour Drawings by the most eminent Modern Artists.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">SOUTHGATE AND BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms. 22. Fleet +Street, on Wednesday Evening, December 17, and following Evening, at +Six, the VERY VALUABLE COLLECTION of WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS of a +well-known Collector, comprising some of the choicest specimens of—</p> + +<ul> + +<li> Callow </li> +<li> Cattermole </li> +<li> Chambers </li> +<li> S. Cooper </li> +<li> Cotman </li> +<li> D. Cox </li> +<li> Dewint </li> +<li> Fripp </li> +<li> Frith </li> +<li> Herbert </li> +<li> Hills </li> +<li> Hunt </li> +<li> Jenkins </li> +<li> Lance </li> +<li> Martin </li> +<li> Mller </li> +<li> Nash</li> +<li> Poole</li> +<li> D. Roberts</li> +<li> Robson</li> +<li> C. Stanfield</li> +<li> Topham</li> +<li> J. M. W. Turner</li> +<li> Harrison Weir</li> +<li> and other celebrated Artists.</li> + +</ul> + +<p><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Catalogues will be forwarded to Gentlemen favouring S. & +B. with their Address.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER contains: 1. The Metamorphosis of +Apuleius. 2. Gleanings from the Irish Council Books. 3. The Duchess of +Augouleme. 4. Medival Art, as exemplified in the Exhibition of 1851. 5. +Autobiography of Lady Springett, one of the first Quakers. 6. Ulrich von +Hutten, Part IV. 7. Carlyle's Life of Sterling. 8. William Wyon and his +Works (with a Portrait). 9. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. 10. Notes +of the Month. With Miscellaneous Reviews, Antiquarian Intelligence, +Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Right Hon. +Charles Hope, Hon. Thomas Kenyon, J. H. Tremayne, Esq., Rev. Charles +Gutzlaff, &c. &c. Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p class="center">NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center">ARNOLD'S INTRODUCTIONS TO GERMAN AND FRENCH.</p> + + <p class="center"> Now ready, in 12mo. price 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, the Second Edition of</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE FIRST GERMAN BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." By the +Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of +Trinity College, Cambridge; and J. W. FRDERSDORFF, Ph. Dr., of the +Taylor-Institute, Oxford.</p> + + <p class="center">RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;</p> + + <p class="center1">Of whom may be had,</p> + +<p>1. A KEY to the Exercises. Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>2. A READING COMPANION to the FIRST GERMAN BOOK, containing extracts +from the best Authors, with Vocabulary and Explanatory Notes. By the +SAME EDITORS. Price 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>3. HANDBOOK of GERMAN VOCABULARY. Price 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>4. THE FIRST FRENCH BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." By +the Rev. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A. Price 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Mr. Arnold has succeeded in preparing a work admirably adapted to meet +the wants of English students of the French language. The philosophical +explanation of the changes of consonants, together with the frequent +references to Latin words and idioms by way of illustration and +comparison, render it far superior as a school-book to any other +introduction, even from the pen of a native writer. The sound principles +of imitation and repetition which have secured for the author a +reputation widely extended and well deserved are here happily +exemplified. His account of the differences of idiom is very +satisfactory and complete: whoever thoroughly masters it, will rarely +want any thing further on the subject."—<i>Athenum.</i></p> + +<p>5. A KEY to the Exercises, by M. DELILLE. Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>6. HANDBOOK of FRENCH VOCABULARY. Price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<div class="boxad1"> + + <p> NEW NUMBER OF MR. ARNOLD'S THEOLOGICAL CRITIC.</p> + +<p> Now ready, price 4<i>s.</i>; (by post, 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>); the Fourth Number of</p> + +<p>THE THEOLOGICAL CRITIC; a Quarterly Journal. Edited by the Rev. THOMAS +KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge.</p> + +<p>This Journal embraces Theology in its widest acceptation, and several +articles of each Number are devoted to Biblical Criticism.</p> + +<p>CONTENTS.—1. Scipio de Ricci (<i>concluded</i>).—2. Galatians iii. 19, +20.—3. On the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.—4. On +<span title="[Greek: eph' h]">ἐφ' ᾧ</span> in the New Testament.—5. Schmidt's Cathari, or +Albigenses.—6. Cycles of Egyptian Chronology.—7. The Madonna of +Ancona.—8. The Septuagint Version an Authentic and Valuable +Tradition.—9. Mesmerism.—10. "Things New and Old."—Notices of Books +received.—Contents of the Theological Journals.</p> + + <p class="center"> RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;</p> + + <p class="center">Now ready, The FIRST VOLUME, price 16<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> In royal 8vo. with a Plan and Sixteen Plates of Antiquities, price 12<i>s.</i> + cloth,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">EBURACUM; or YORK UNDER THE ROMANS, by C. WELLBELOVED.</p> + + <p class="center"> London: LONGMAN, BROWN & CO.; York: R. SUNTER and + H. SOTHERAN.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> Now ready, Two New Volumes of</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, +F.S.A.</p> + + <p class="center"> Volume Three, 1272-1377. Volume Four, 1377-1485.</p> + + <p class="center1">Lately published, price 14<i>s.</i> each, cloth,</p> + + <p class="center"> Volume One, 1066-1199. 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With Instructions to +Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful to all +Clergymen, price in cloth 3<i>s.</i> or 5<i>s.</i> as a pocket-book with tuck.</p> + +<p>THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will contain, in +addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family Use, +a List of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the Heads of +Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the various Colleges connected with +the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. +Together with a complete List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, +with an Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to +which is added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of +Council on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for +Teachers; compiled from original sources.</p> + +<p>WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six pages of +Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; Lists of both +Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat wrapper.</p> + + <p class="center"> JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">CAB FARE MAP.—H. WALKER'S CAB FARE and GUIDE MAP of LONDON contains all +the principal streets marked in half-miles, each space adding 4<i>d.</i> to +the fare, the proper charge is instantly known; also an abstract of the +Cab Laws, luggage, situation of the cab stands, back fares, lost +articles, &c. Price 1<i>s.</i> coloured; post free 2<i>d.</i> extra.—1. Gresham +Street West, and all Booksellers.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST.</p> + +<table summary="PHILLIPS Tea Pricelist"> + +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Congou Tea</td><td class="tdleft">3<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft">per lb.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Souchong Tea</td><td class="tdleft">4<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Gunpowder Tea</td><td class="tdleft">5<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Old Mocha Coffee</td><td class="tdleft">1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best West India Coffee</td><td class="tdleft">1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Fine True Ripe Rich<br /> Rare Souchong Tea </td><td class="tdleft">4<i>s.</i> 0<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> + +</table> + +<p>40<i>s.</i> worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by</p> + +<p class="center"> PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS,</p> + +<p class="center">No. 8. King William Street, City, London.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center"><span class="xx-large">LEXICA</span></p> + +<p class="center"> ON SALE AT</p> + +<p class="center2"> <span class="larger"> WILLIAMS + & NORGATE'S.</span> </p> + +<div class="boxad1"> +<p><span class="strong1">Anglo-Saxon.</span>—ETTMUELLER (L.), LEXICON ANGLO-SAXONICUM cum Synopsis +Grammatica. Royal 8vo. 1851, 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Arabic.</span>—FREYTAG (G. W.), LEXICON ARABICO-LATINUM acced. Index Vocum +Latinarum. 4 vols. 4to. 2<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— Abridged in one Volume. 4to. 16<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Armenian.</span>—AZARIAN (A. and S.), ARMENIAN, ITALIAN, GREEK, and TURKISH +DICTIONARY. Royal 8vo. 1848. 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Bohemian</span> and GERMAN POCKET DICTIONARY, by JORDAN. 18mo. 1847. 8<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Chinese.</span>—SCHOTT, VOCABULARIUM SINICUM. 4to. 1844. 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Coptic.</span>—PARTHEY (G.), VOCABULARIUM COPTICO-LAT. et LAT.-COPT. 8vo. +1844. 16<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— PEYRON, LEXICON LING. COPTIC. 4to. 1835. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Danish.</span>—FERRALL and REPPS, DANISH and ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Sq. 8vo. +1845. 7<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— ENGLISH and ENGLISH-DANISH POCKET DICTIONARY. 18mo. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Dutch.</span>—BOMHOFF, DICTIONARY of the DUTCH and ENGLISH LANGUAGES. 2 thick +vols. 12mo. boards, 1851. 20<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— The same abridged in one volume. 1848. 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Finnish.</span>—RENWALLI (G.), LEXICON LINGU FINNIC cum interpret. Latin +copios. brev. German. 2 vols. in 1, 4to. Abo, 1826. 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Flemish.</span>—OLINGER, DICTIONNAIRE FLAMAND-FRANCAIS et FRANCAIS-FLAMAND. 2 +vols. royal 8vo. 1842. 24<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">French.</span>—BOISTE, DICTIONNAIRE UNIVERSELLE de la LANGUE FRANCAISE, avec +le Latine et l'Etymologie. 4to. 1847. 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— FLEMMING AND TIBBINS, GRAND ENGLISH and FRENCH, and FRENCH and +ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 thick volumes, imp. 4to. 2<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Frisian.</span>—RICHTHOFEN (K. v.), ALTFRIESISCHES WRTERBUCH. 4to. 1840. +(Published at 20<i>s.</i>), 8<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— OUTZEN, GLOSSARIUM der FRIESISCHEN SPRACHE, 4to. 1837. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">German.</span>—ADELUNG, WRTERBUCH der HOCHDEUTSCHEN MUNDART. 4 vols. royal +8vo. 1793-1802. (Published at 37<i>s.</i>), 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— HEYSE, HANDWRTERBUCH der DEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. 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GRIMM. 4to. 1848. +18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Greek.</span>—BENFEY, GRIECHISCHES WURZEL-LEXICON. 2 vols. 8vo. 1839-42. +(Publ. at 27<i>s.</i>), 13<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>—— PLANCH, DICTIONNAIRE GREC-FRANCAIS. Compos s. l. Thesaurus de H. +Etienne. Royal 8vo. cloth, 1845. 17<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Greek (Modern).</span>—SCHMIDT, DICTIONNAIRE GREC-MODERNE—FRANCAIS—ALLEMAND. +8vo. 1838. 8<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Hebrew; Chaldae.</span>—GESENIUS, LEXICON MANUALE HEBRIC. et CHALD. Ed. 2. +Royal 8vo. 1848. 14<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>—— GESENIUS, THESAURUS PHILOLOG. CRIT. LING. HEBR et CHALDE. Vols. +I. to III. Part I. (all out). 4to. 1828-42. (Publ at 3<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i>) 1<i>l.</i> +15<i>s</i>.</p> + +<p>—— KIMCHI (RAB. DAV.) RADICUM LIBER, seu Hebrum Bibliorum Lexicon. +4to. 1848. 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Hungarian.</span>—BLOCH, UNGARISCH u. DEUTSCHES WRTERBUCH 2 vols. 8vo. 1848. +12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Icelandic.</span>—HALDERSON (B.), LEXICON, ISLANDICO-LATINO-DANICUM cur. RASK. +2 vols. 4to. 1814. 1<i>l.</i> 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Illyrian.</span>—VOLTIGGI, ILLYRIAN ITALIAN-GERMAN DICTIONARY and GRAMMAR. 610 +pages. 8vo. Vienna. 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Italian.</span>—BUTTURA, DICTIONNAIRE ITALIEN-FRANAIS et FRAN.-ITAL. 2 vols. +8vo. 1832. 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Jakutsh.</span>—BHTLINGK (O.), WRTERBUCH, GRAMMATIK, TEXT BER DIE SPRACHE +DER JAKUTEN. 4to. Petersb. 1851. 20<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Japanese.</span>—PFIZMAIER. WRTERBUCH DER JAPANES. SPRACHE. +(Japanese-German-English). Part I. Fol. 1851. 23<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Javanese.</span>—GERICKE, JAVAANSCH-NEDERDUITSCH WOORDENBOEK uitg. d. T. +ROORDA. Royal 8vo. bds. 1848. 2<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Lapland.</span>—IHRE, LEXICON LAPPONICUM, Gramm. Lapp. auct. 4to. 1780. 30<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Latin.</span>—FREUND (W.), WRTERBUCH DER LATEIN. SPRACHE. 4 vols. royal 8vo. +(5,000 pages). 1846. (Publ. at 4<i>l.</i>) 2<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Lithuanian.</span>—NESSELMANN, WRTERBUCH DER LITTHAUISCHEN SPRACHE. Royal +8vo. 1851. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Malay.</span>—WILDE (A. de), NEDERL. MALAEISCH-SONDASCH. WOERDENBOEK. 8vo. +1841. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Mongol.</span>—SCHMIDT, MONGOLISCH-DEUTSCH-RUSSISCH. WRTERBUCH. 4to. 1835. +1<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Norse.</span>—AASEN (J.), ORDBOG over det NORSKE FOLKESPROG. Royal 8vo. 1850. +10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Ossetic.</span>—SJGREN, OSSETISCH-DEUTSCH u. DEUTSCH-OSSETISCHES WRTERBUCH, +mit Grammatik. 4to. Petersb. 1844. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Persian.</span>—SAMACHSCHARI, LEXICON ARABICUM-PERSICUM atque +INDICEM-ARABICUM, adj. WETZSTEIN. 4to. bds. 1850. 27<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Polish-English</span> and ENGLISH-POLISH DICTIONARY, compiled from Linde, +Mrongovius, &c. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 1851. 20<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Polyglot.</span>—REEHORST, POLYGLOT MARINER'S and MERCHANT'S DICTIONARY, in +English, Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, French, Italian, Spanish, +Portuguese, and Russian. Obl. 8vo. (Publ. at 20<i>s.</i>) 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Russian.</span>—HEYM, DICTIONNAIRE RUSSE, FRANAIS et ALLEMANDE. Second +Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. 1844. 1<i>l.</i> 7<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— RUSSIAN-ENGLISH and ENGLISH-RUSSIAN POCKET-DICTIONARY. 1846. 3<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Sanscrit.</span>—BOPP (F.), GLOSSARIUM SANSCRITUM COMPARATIV. 4to. 1847. +20<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— WESTERGAARD, RADICES LINGU SANSCRIT. Royal 8vo. 1841. (Publ. at +34<i>s.</i>) 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Slavonic (Old).</span>—NICKLOSICH (F.), LEXICON LINGU SLOVENIC VETERIS +DIALECTI. 4to. 1850. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Swedish</span> and ENGLISH POCKET-DICTIONARY. 16mo. 1845. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Syriac.</span>—CASTELLI, LEXICON SYRIACUM, ed. MICHAELIS. 2 vols. 4to. 1788. +(Publ. at 22<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>) 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Teutonic.</span>—GRAFF, ALTHOCHDEUTSCHER SPRACHSCHATZ od. WRTERBUCH der +ALTDEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. 7 vols. 4to. (Publ. at 7<i>l.</i>) 2<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>—— MEIDINGER, DICTIONNAIRE COMPARATIF et ETYMOLOGIQUE des LANGUES +TEUTO-GOTHIQUES. Royal 8vo. 1836. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>—— ZIEMANN (A.) MITTELHOCHDEUTSCHES WRTERBUCH, nebst gram. +Einleitung. Royal. 8vo. 1828. (Publ. at 17<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>) 8<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><span class="strong1">Tibetan.</span>—SCHMIDT, TIBETANISCH-DEUTSCHES WRTERBUCH. 4to. Petersb. 1841. +28<i>s.</i></p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad2"> + +<p class="center"> 14. HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.</p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center2">NEW EDITIONS.</p> + + <p class="center1"> I.</p> + + <p class="center"> A New Edition of</p> + +<p>THE POETICAL WORKS OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, including the "Lord of the +Isles," and a variety of other Copyright Poetry, contained in no other +Pocket Edition. With a Life of Scott, and Illustrations on Wood and +Steel. 12mo. handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 5<i>s.</i>, or large +paper, with additional Engravings, 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p class="center1">II.</p> + + <p class="center"> A New Edition of</p> + +<p>THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The Tales +of a Grandfather." 12mo., illustrated by numerous Engravings on Wood and +Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, gilt leaves, 4<i>s.</i></p> + + <p class="center1"> III.</p> + + <p class="center"> A New Edition of</p> + +<p>THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The Tales +of a Grandfather." 3 vols. 12mo., illustrated by numerous Engravings on +Wood and Steel, and handsomely bound in cloth, 12<i>s.</i>, extra cloth, gilt +edges, 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p class="center1"> IV.</p> + + <p class="center"> Three volumes in one, profusely illustrated, cloth, gilt edges, 7<i>s.</i> + Separate volumes, cloth, gilt edges, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p class="center1">READINGS FOR THE YOUNG. Selected + from the Works of Sir WALTER SCOTT, +containing</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> 1. Tales of Chivalry and the Olden Time.</p> + <p> 2. Historical and Romantic Narratives.</p> + <p> 3. Scottish Scenes and Characters.</p> + + </div> + + <p class="center1">V.</p> + + <p class="center">An Illustrated Edition of</p> + +<p>THE HISTORY OF PALESTINE, by DR. KITTO. From the Patriarchal Age to the +present time, with introductory chapters on the Geography and Natural +History of the Country, and on the Customs and Institutions of the +Hebrews. 12mo. Illustrated by upwards of 200 Engravings on Wood and +Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, 6<i>s.</i>, or with gilt leaves, 6<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p class="center1"> VI.</p> + + <p class="center"> A Second Edition of</p> + +<p>VIEWS OF CANADA AND THE COLONISTS. Embracing the Experience of an Eight +Years' Residence; Views of the Present State, Progress, and Prospects of +the Colony; with detailed and practical Information for intending +Emigrants. By JAS. B. BROWN. Small 8vo., with a Map, price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <div class="boxad2"> + + <p class="center2">RECENTLY PUBLISHED.</p> + + <p class="center">In a thick and closely-printed volume, price 16<i>s.</i> The Fourth Edition +of</p> + +</div> + +<p>THE WEALTH OF NATIONS, by ADAM SMITH, LL.D. With a Life Of the Author, +Notes, and Supplemental Dissertations, by J. R. M'CULLOCH, Esq.</p> + +<p>This edition contains elaborate NOTES ON OUR MONETARY SYSTEM, REPEAL of +the CORN and NAVIGATION LAWS, our COLONIAL POLICY, &c.</p> + +<p>The INDEX extends to fifty closely-printed pages, affording facilities +in the consultation of the work which no other edition possesses to +nearly so great an extent.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Adam Smith's errors, when he fell into any, are corrected: most of the +improvements made in his science since his time are recorded; and the +work is not only adapted to our age, but is a history of past +aberrations, and of the progress towards truth. Mr. M'Culloch's great +attainments are too well known to make any work he publishes require any +other notice or recommendation than such a brief description as we have +now given of the contents of this."—<i>Economist.</i></p> + +<div class="boxad2"> + + <p class="center"> In two volumes, price 3<i>l.</i>, illustrated by 554 Engravings on Wood, besides + Maps, and Views on Steel,</p> + +</div> + +<p>A CYCLOPDIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE. By JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A., &c. +&c. Assisted by forty able Scholars and Divines, British, Continental, +and American, whose initials are affixed to their respective +Contributions.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Among the contributors are to be recognised the names of many of the +most distinguished Biblical Scholars, both British and Foreign. It is +not, therefore, too much to say, that this Cyclopdia surpasses every +Biblical Dictionary which has preceded it, and that it leaves nothing to +be desired in such a work which can throw light on the criticism, +interpretation, history, geography, archology, and physical science of +the Bible."—<i>Horne's Introduction to the Critical Study of the +Scriptures.</i></p> + +<div class="boxad2"> + + <p class="center">In a beautifully printed volume, 8vo., price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, illustrated by 336 + Engravings on Wood,</p> + +</div> + +<p>A CYCLOPDIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE FOR THE PEOPLE. By JOHN KITTO, D.D., +F.S.A., &c. This Work is studiously accommodated to the wants of the +great body of the religious public. It forms a Popular Digest of the +contents of the Two-volume Work, and possesses the same superiority over +Popular Dictionaries of its class as the Original Work confessedly does +over those which aspire to higher erudition. To Parents, to Sunday +School Teachers, to Missionaries, and to all engaged, either statedly or +occasionally, in the important business of Biblical Education, the +volume is confidently recommended as "at once the most valuable and the +cheapest compendium of Bible Knowledge for the People which has ever +appeared in this country."</p> + +<div class="boxad2"> + + <p class="center"> In a handsome volume, strongly half-bound in morocco, with gilt + leaves, price 2<i>l.</i> 16<i>s.</i>,</p> + +</div> + +<p>BLACK'S GENERAL ATLAS OF THE WORLD. New Edition, Revised and Corrected +throughout, with Numerous additional Maps, and an Index of 60,000 Names.</p> + +<p>The work is in every respect accommodated to the present advanced state +of geographical research, and whether on the ground of Accuracy, Beauty +of Execution, or Cheapness, the Publishers invite a comparison with any +work of its class.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"We are now in possession of an 'Atlas' which comprehends every +discovery of which the present century can boast. It ought at once to +supersede all other works of the kind, and we earnestly recommend those +who are entrusted with the duty of education to accept it as their +standard of correctness."—<i>United Service Gazette</i>, February 22, 1851.</p> + +<div class="boxad2"> + + <p class="center">In one thick volume, 8vo., double columns, price 12<i>s.</i>, the Tenth + Edition of</p> + +</div> + +<p>A DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, DESIGNED FOR POPULAR USE. Containing an +Account of Diseases and their Treatment, including those most frequent +in Warm Climates; with Directions for Administering Medicines; the +Regulation of Diet and Regimen; and the Management of the Diseases of +Women and Children. By ALEXANDER MACAULAY, M.D., Fellow of the Royal +College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and Physician Accoucheur to the New +Town Dispensary.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Just such a work as every head of a family ought to have on his +book-shelf."—<i>Brighton Herald.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"If sterling merit might be the passport to success, this work will +obtain the most extensive celebrity."—<i>Bath Herald.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Calculated to accomplish all that could be wished in a Popular System +of Medicine."—<i>Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"We have seen nothing of the kind better adapted for +consultation."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Decidedly the most useful book of the kind that has yet been offered to +the public."—<i>Caledonian Mercury.</i></p> + + + <div class="boxad2"> + + <p class="center2"> ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, Edinburgh; and sold by all Booksellers.</p> + + </div> + +</div> + + + + +<p class="indh"> Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. + 5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of + London; and published by G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, + in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, + December 6, 1851. +</p> + + + + + +<div class="tnbox"> + +<p class="noindent">Transcriber's Note: Original spelling variations have not been standardized.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="indh"><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages + in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV</a> </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 1 November 3, 1849. Pages 1 - 17 PG # 8603 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 2 November 10, 1849. Pages 18 - 32 PG # 11265 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 3 November 17, 1849. Pages 33 - 46 PG # 11577 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 4 November 24, 1849. Pages 49 - 63 PG # 13513 </p> + +</div> + + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 5 December 1, 1849. Pages 65 - 80 PG # 11636 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 6 December 8, 1849. Pages 81 - 95 PG # 13550 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 7 December 15, 1849. Pages 97 - 112 PG # 11651 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 8 December 22, 1849. Pages 113 - 128 PG # 11652 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 9 December 29, 1849. Pages 130 - 144 PG # 13521 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 10 January 5, 1850. Pages 145 - 160 PG # </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 11 January 12, 1850. Pages 161 - 176 PG # 11653 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 12 January 19, 1850. Pages 177 - 192 PG # 11575 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 13 January 26, 1850. Pages 193 - 208 PG # 11707 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 14 February 2, 1850. Pages 209 - 224 PG # 13558 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 15 February 9, 1850. Pages 225 - 238 PG # 11929 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 16 February 16, 1850. Pages 241 - 256 PG # 16193 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 17 February 23, 1850. Pages 257 - 271 PG # 12018 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 18 March 2, 1850. Pages 273 - 288 PG # 13544 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 19 March 9, 1850. Pages 289 - 309 PG # 13638 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 20 March 16, 1850. Pages 313 - 328 PG # 16409 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 21 March 23, 1850. Pages 329 - 343 PG # 11958 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 22 March 30, 1850. Pages 345 - 359 PG # 12198 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 23 April 6, 1850. Pages 361 - 376 PG # 12505 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 24 April 13, 1850. Pages 377 - 392 PG # 13925 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 25 April 20, 1850. Pages 393 - 408 PG # 13747 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 26 April 27, 1850. Pages 409 - 423 PG # 13822 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 27 May 4, 1850. Pages 425 - 447 PG # 13712 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 28 May 11, 1850. Pages 449 - 463 PG # 13684 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 29 May 18, 1850. Pages 465 - 479 PG # 15197 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 30 May 25, 1850. Pages 481 - 495 PG # 13713 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. II. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 31 June 1, 1850. Pages 1- 15 PG # 12589 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 32 June 8, 1850. Pages 17- 32 PG # 15996 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 33 June 15, 1850. Pages 33- 48 PG # 26121 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 34 June 22, 1850. Pages 49- 64 PG # 22127 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 35 June 29, 1850. Pages 65- 79 PG # 22126 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 36 July 6, 1850. Pages 81- 96 PG # 13361 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 37 July 13, 1850. Pages 97-112 PG # 13729 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 38 July 20, 1850. Pages 113-128 PG # 13362 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 39 July 27, 1850. Pages 129-143 PG # 13736 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 40 August 3, 1850. Pages 145-159 PG # 13389 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 41 August 10, 1850. Pages 161-176 PG # 13393 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 42 August 17, 1850. Pages 177-191 PG # 13411 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 43 August 24, 1850. Pages 193-207 PG # 13406 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 44 August 31, 1850. Pages 209-223 PG # 13426 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 45 September 7, 1850. Pages 225-240 PG # 13427 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 46 September 14, 1850. Pages 241-256 PG # 13462 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 47 September 21, 1850. Pages 257-272 PG # 13936 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 48 September 28, 1850. Pages 273-288 PG # 13463 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 49 October 5, 1850. Pages 289-304 PG # 13480 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 50 October 12, 1850. Pages 305-320 PG # 13551 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 51 October 19, 1850. Pages 321-351 PG # 15232 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 52 October 26, 1850. Pages 353-367 PG # 22624 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 53 November 2, 1850. Pages 369-383 PG # 13540 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 54 November 9, 1850. Pages 385-399 PG # 22138 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 55 November 16, 1850. Pages 401-415 PG # 15216 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 56 November 23, 1850. Pages 417-431 PG # 15354 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 57 November 30, 1850. Pages 433-454 PG # 15405 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 58 December 7, 1850. Pages 457-470 PG # 21503 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 59 December 14, 1850. Pages 473-486 PG # 15427 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 60 December 21, 1850. Pages 489-502 PG # 24803 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 61 December 28, 1850. Pages 505-524 PG # 16404 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. III. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 62 January 4, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 15638 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 63 January 11, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 15639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 64 January 18, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 15640 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 65 January 25, 1851. Pages 49- 78 PG # 15641 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 66 February 1, 1851. Pages 81- 95 PG # 22339 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 67 February 8, 1851. Pages 97-111 PG # 22625 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 68 February 15, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 22639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 69 February 22, 1851. Pages 129-159 PG # 23027 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 70 March 1, 1851. Pages 161-174 PG # 23204 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 71 March 8, 1851. Pages 177-200 PG # 23205 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 72 March 15, 1851. Pages 201-215 PG # 23212 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 73 March 22, 1851. Pages 217-231 PG # 23225 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 74 March 29, 1851. Pages 233-255 PG # 23282 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 75 April 5, 1851. Pages 257-271 PG # 23402 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 76 April 12, 1851. Pages 273-294 PG # 26896 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 77 April 19, 1851. Pages 297-311 PG # 26897 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 78 April 26, 1851. Pages 313-342 PG # 26898 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 79 May 3, 1851. Pages 345-359 PG # 26899 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 80 May 10, 1851. Pages 361-382 PG # 32495 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 81 May 17, 1851. Pages 385-399 PG # 29318 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 82 May 24, 1851. Pages 401-415 PG # 28311 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 83 May 31, 1851. Pages 417-440 PG # 36835 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 84 June 7, 1851. Pages 441-472 PG # 37379 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 85 June 14, 1851. Pages 473-488 PG # 37403 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 86 June 21, 1851. Pages 489-511 PG # 37496 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 87 June 28, 1851. Pages 513-528 PG # 37516 </p> +</div> + + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. IV. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 88 July 5, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 37548 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 89 July 12, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 37568 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 90 July 19, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 37593 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 91 July 26, 1851. Pages 49- 79 PG # 37778 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 92 August 2, 1851. Pages 81- 94 PG # 38324 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 93 August 9, 1851. Pages 97-112 PG # 38337 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 94 August 16, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 38350 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 95 August 23, 1851. Pages 129-144 PG # 38386 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 96 August 30, 1851. Pages 145-167 PG # 38405 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 97 September 6, 1851. Pages 169-183 PG # 38433 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 98 September 13, 1851. Pages 185-200 PG # 38491 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 99 September 20, 1851. Pages 201-216 PG # 38574 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 100 September 27, 1851. Pages 217-246 PG # 38656 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 101 October 4, 1851. Pages 249-264 PG # 38701 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 102 October 11, 1851. Pages 265-287 PG # 38773 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 103 October 18, 1851. Pages 289-303 PG # 38864 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 104 October 25, 1851. Pages 305-333 PG # 38926 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 105 November 1, 1851. Pages 337-359 PG # 39076 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 106 November 8, 1851. Pages 361-374 PG # 39091 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 107 November 15, 1851. Pages 377-396 PG # 39135 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 108 November 22, 1851. Pages 401-414 PG # 39197 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 109 November 29, 1851. Pages 417-430 PG # 39233 </p> + + + +</div> + + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] PG # 13536 </p> +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 PG # 13571 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 PG # 26770 </p> + </div> + + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +110, December 6, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. 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Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f60bd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #39338 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39338) diff --git a/old/39338-0.txt b/old/39338-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab14153 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/39338-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4635 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, +December 6, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, December 6, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 1, 2012 [EBook #39338] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in +brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on +top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs +indicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has +been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 110. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6. 1851. + +Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + The Aborigines of St. Domingo, by Henry H. Breen 433 + + Mitigation of Capital Punishment to a Forger, by + Alfred Gatty 434 + + Passage in Jeremy Taylor 435 + + Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple 435 + + Folk Lore:--Death Omen by Bees 436 + + The Caxton Coffer 436 + + Minor Notes:--Mental Almanac--Corruptions recognised + as acknowledged Words--Pasquinade--Epigram + on Erasmus--Etymology of London--Verses on + Shipmoney--Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna 436 + + QUERIES:-- + + Additional Queries respecting General James Wolfe 438 + + Christianity, when first introduced into Orkney 439 + + The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607 440 + + Minor Queries:--"The Don," a Poem--John Lord + Frescheville--Meaning of "Pallant"--Rectitudines + Singularum Personarum--Sir Henry Tichborne's + Journal--Round Towers at Bhaugulpore--Johannes + Trithemius--Races in which Children are named after + the Mothers--Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, + and Residents from Foreign Courts--Critolaus + and the Horatii and Curiatii--Cabal--"Thus said the + Ravens black"--Symbols in Painting--Latin Verse + on Franklin--General Moyle--Musical Compositions + of Matthew Dubourg--Collodion, and its Application + to Photography--Engraved Portrait--Lines by Lord + Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to + forgive her Son when on her Death-bed 441 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Kimmeroi, Cimbri, + Cymry--Dictionary of Musicians--City of London + Charter--St. Alkald 444 + + REPLIES:-- + + Plaids and Tartans 445 + + Religious Statistics 445 + + Royal Library 446 + + Damasked Linen 446 + + Vermin, Payments for Destruction of 447 + + Was Raleigh in Virginia? 448 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Bunting's Irish + Melodies--Colonies in England--"History of Anglesey," + &c.--The Lowey of Tunbridge--Praed's Works--John + à Cumber--Punishment of Prince Edward of + Carnarvon--Joceline's Legacy--Bristol Tables--Grimsdyke + or Grimesditch--Derivation of "Æra"--Scent of the + Bloodhound--Monk and Cromwell Families--"Truth is that + which a man troweth"--"Worse than a Crime"--Verses in + Classical Prose--Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru--Nolo + Episcopari--Hougoumont--Call a Spade, a Spade--"Tace is + Latin for a Candle"--Collars of SS.--Locusts of the New + Testament--Theodolite--"A Posie of other Men's + Flowers"--Voltaire--Sinaïtic Inscriptions--Le Greene + at Wrexham--Cross-legged Effigies--The Word Ἀδελφὸς + --Finger Pillories--Blackloana Heresis--Quaker + Expurgated Bible--"Acu tinali merida" 452 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 459 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 460 + + Notices to Correspondents 460 + + Advertisements 460 + + + + +Notes. + + +THE ABORIGINES OF ST. DOMINGO. + +Perhaps you will kindly permit me to have recourse to "NOTES AND +QUERIES" for the purpose of pointing out one or two errors in a letter +from Sir R. Schomburgk, which was read at the meeting of the British +Association on the 3rd July last, section of Geography and Ethnology. +This communication, entitled "Ethnological Researches in Santo Domingo," +and addressed to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, contains the +following statement: I quote from the _Athenæum_ of the 5th July:-- + + "The extirpation of the pure Indian race prevented me from making + comparative inquiries between the still existing tribes of Guiana, + and those that once inhabited St. Domingo. My researches were + therefore restricted to what history and the few and poor + monuments have transmitted to us of their customs and manners. + Their language lives only in the names of places, rivers, trees, + and fruits; but all combine in declaring that the people who + bestowed these names were identical with the Carib and Arawaak + tribes of Guiana." + +The last sentence in this passage is obviously erroneous. That the +aboriginal inhabitants of the great Antilles (Santo Domingo, Cuba, +Porto-Rico, and Jamaica,) were identical with, or descended from, the +Arawaaks of Guiana, is an opinion which has long prevailed, and which +the circumstances stated by Sir R. Schomburgk tend to confirm. Indeed, +they are described by most writers as Indians _or_ Arawaaks. But that +there was any identity between the Indians and the tribes known by the +name of Caribs, is an assertion totally at variance with the established +facts. In support, however, of this assertion, Sir R. Schomburgk appeals +to "history;" but what history, he does not state. I have perused, and +still possess, almost every work that was ever written on the history of +these islands; and they all lead to the conclusion, that the Indians of +Santo Domingo (also called Hispaniola and Haiti) were a totally distinct +race from the Caribs. The Indians were a mild, inoffensive people; the +Caribs a race of savages, some say, cannibals. The former were indolent +and effeminate; the latter fierce and warlike. In short, no two races +ever presented such a striking disparity, not only in their manners and +customs, but in their features and personal appearance. + +The second error into which Sir R. Schomburgk has fallen, is where he +says: + + "There are various proofs that the Caribs inhabited Santo Domingo; + among others, I found at the eastern point of the island, called + Junta Engaño, numerous heaps of conch shells." + +The fact is, that the Caribs were the mortal enemies of the Indians. +They were engaged with them in the fiercest warfare, and made frequent +depredatory incursions into Santo Domingo and the other large islands. +But they never formed any settlements in those islands, and cannot be +said to have "inhabited" any of them, in the sense in which that word is +used by Sir R. Schomburgk. + +Whenever the Caribs in any of the lesser Antilles projected an +expedition against the Indians, they provided themselves with clubs and +poisoned arrows, and set off in their canoes. On their way, they touched +at most of the other small islands; and with their conch shells, of +which they always kept a supply, they summoned their brother Caribs to +join the expedition. As the fleet of canoes approached St. Domingo (the +principal theatre of their depredations) they glided silently along the +coast, and secreted themselves in some sheltered bay, till the darkness +of the night enabled them to emerge from their hiding places. Then, with +the most savage yells and war-whoops, accompanied by the blowing of +shells, they pounced upon the nearest village, beating down with their +clubs such of the Indians as had not taken refuge in flight. In these +encounters, however, the Caribs were not always victorious. If the +Indians were less robust and warlike than their invaders, they were also +far more numerous; and it sometimes happened that the Caribs were driven +back to their canoes with much slaughter. In all hand-to-hand conflicts +the conch shells would easily get detached, or, becoming an incumbrance, +would be thrown aside; and the Indians, finding them on the field of +battle, may be supposed to have piled them up as so many trophies. + +As the Caribs were incited to these incursions by the prospect of +plunder among a race of people their superiors in the arts of +civilisation, but chiefly from their inveterate hatred to the Indians, +so the moment they had accomplished their object, they lost no time in +retreating from a country where a longer sojourn would only have +afforded their enemies an opportunity of risings _en masse_, and +exterminating them by the superiority of their numbers. + +These facts are sufficient to account for the heaps of shells found by +Sir R. Schomburgk, and for the other traces of the Caribs which he +appears to have discovered in St. Domingo, without resorting to the +supposition that the Caribs had actually "inhabited" that island, or +warranting the conclusion that the two races were identical. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, Sept. 1851. + + +MITIGATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT TO A FORGER. + +The well-known cases of Dr. D. the divine and Mr. F. the banker, who +were executed for forgery, notwithstanding the powerful intercessions +that were made in their behalf, induced me to suppose that any +mitigation of punishment under similar circumstances used to be a very +rare occurrence; and, if so, that a curious instance of successful +application for mercy may interest some readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +A young man of respectable Scotch connexions settled in a town in the +north of England as a merchant, and soon afterwards made an offer of +marriage to a young lady of the same place. Her parents rejected his +suit, on the ground of his not being sufficiently established in +business, and he seemed to acquiesce in their decision. In a short time, +however, the young merchant took possession of larger premises than he +had hitherto occupied, and showed other symptoms of wishing to have it +understood that his fortunes were improving. But these appearances were +of short duration. He was suddenly arrested, and committed to take his +trial at the ensuing assizes on several charges of forgery. Immediately +after his arrest, a sister of singularly energetic character arrived +from Scotland, and applied to the father of my informant for +professional aid. This gentleman told her that he never touched criminal +business, and declined to interfere. But she was no common client, and +it ended in his undertaking to prepare the defence of her brother, and +receiving her into his house as a guest. Her immediate object was to +prevent the prosecutors pressing their charges at the trial; and, by her +indefatigable management, she succeeded with all, except the L---- bank, +the directors of which, as a matter of principle, were inexorable to her +entreaties. The trial came on at an early period of the assize, and the +prisoner was found guilty, and condemned to be hanged. His sister left +the court, and instantly proceeded to Scotland. There were no railways +in those days, and she had to rely on coaches and post-chaises, and she +travelled for four days and nights successively, without stopping or +removing her clothes, and carrying a petition with her from house to +house amongst her titled and powerful Scotch friends. + +With this she returned to the city at which the assizes had been held, +just as they were concluded. The two judges were in the act of +descending through the cathedral nave, after partaking of the holy +sacrament, when the petitioner cast herself at their feet, and held +forth her document. Baron G. was notorious for his unflinching obduracy; +but her devotion and energy were irresistible. He received her petition; +and her brother's sentence was eventually commuted to transportation for +life. But his story is not yet finished. The forger was placed in the +hulks prior to transportation; and, before this took place, he had +forged a pass or order from the Home Secretary's office for his own +liberation, which procured his release, and he was never afterwards +heard of. + +This "Jeanie Deans," who was the means of saving the life of her +unworthy relative, was described to me as a person of extraordinary +force of character. Indeed it could not have been otherwise. She +prevailed with the solicitor, who before had been a stranger both to her +and her brother; with the main body of the prosecutors; with the +petitioners in Scotland; and ultimately with the judge himself. My +friend, who lived in his father's house during the several weeks she +stayed there, told me, that, night and morning when he passed her door, +she was always in audible prayer; and he was convinced that her success +was attributable to her prayers having been _extraordinarily_ answered. +Her subsequent fate, even in this world, was a happy one. She became a +wife and a mother, and possibly is so still. + + ALFRED GATTY. + + +PASSAGE IN JEREMY TAYLOR. + +It may not be useless or uninteresting to the readers of Bishop Jeremy +Taylor to bring under their notice a point in which the editor of the +last edition seems to have fallen into an error. In Part II. of the +Sermon "On the Invalidity of a Death-bed Repentance" (p. 395.), the +Bishop says: + + "Only be pleased to observe this one thing: that this place of + Ezekiel [_i.e._ xviii. 21.] is it which is so often mistaken for + that common saying, 'At what time soever a sinner repents him of + his sins from the bottom of his heart, I will put all his + wickedness out of my remembrance, saith the Lord:' yet there are + no such words in the whole Bible, nor any nearer to the sense of + them, than the words I have now read to you out of the prophet + Ezekiel." + +Now the editor, as a reference for this "common saying," says in a +note-- + + "+ See Jer. xviii. 7, 8.:" + +whence I suppose that he thinks that text to be the nearest quotation to +it that can be found. But he has altogether overlooked the fact that +this "common saying" is, as the Bishop has here quoted it, the exact +form in which the first of the sentences at the beginning of Morning +Prayer occurs in the Second Book of Edward, and down to the time of the +last review, with the exception of the Scotch book. As it did not agree +with the translation of the Bible then in use, Bishop Taylor seems to +have considered it as a paraphrase. This also is the view which +Chillingworth took of it, who makes this reflection on it, in a sermon +preached before Charles I.: + + "I would to God (says he) the composers of our Liturgy, out of a + care of avoiding mistakes, and to take away occasion of cavilling + our Liturgy, and out of fear of encouraging carnal men to security + in sinning, had been so provident as to set down in terms the + first sentence, taken out of the 18th of Ezekiel, and not have put + in the place of it an ambiguous, and (though not in itself, but + accidentally, by reason of the mistake to which it is subject) I + fear very often a pernicious paraphrase: for whereas they make it, + '_At what time soever ... saith the Lord_;' the plain truth, if + you will hear it, is, the Lord doth not say so; these are not the + very words of God, but the paraphrase of men." + +Thus, I think, it is evident that this "sentence" has nothing to do with +the passage of Jeremiah to which the editor refers us; and its being +read continually in the church explains the application of the word +"common" to it in this place. + +While on this subject I would go on to mention that both Chillingworth +and Taylor seemed to have erred in calling it a paraphrase, and saying +that it does not occur in the Bible; for according to L'Estrange (c. +iii. n. F.) the sentence is taken from the Great Bible, or Coverdale's +translation. It is, however, remarkable that this fact should not have +been known to these divines. + + F. A. + + +PARALLEL PASSAGES. + +I send you two parallels on the subject of Death and Sleep, Nature the +art of God, &c. + + "How wonderful is death-- + Death and his brother sleep!" + + Shelley, _Queen Mab_. + + "Since the Brother of Death daily haunts us with dying + mementoes." + + Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_. + + * * * * * + + "Oh! what a wonder seems the fear of death, + Seeing how gladly we all sink to sleep, + Babes, children, youths, and men, + Night following night, for threescore years and ten!" + + Coleridge, _Monody on Chatterton_. + + "A sleep without dreams, after a rough day + Of toil, is what we covet most; and yet + How clay slinks back from more quiescent clay!" + + _Byron_ (reference lost). + + * * * * * + + "In brief all things are artificial; for Nature is the art of + God." + + Sir T. Browne, _Religio Medici_, p. 32. (St. John's edit.) + + "The course of Nature is the art of God." + + Young, _Night Thoughts_, IX. + + * * * * * + + "Princes are like to heavenly bodies, which cause good or evil + times, and _which have much veneration, but no rest_." + + Bacon, _Essay 20._, "Of Empire." + + "Kings are like stars--they rise and set--_they have + The worship of the world, but no repose_." + + Shelley, _Hellas_. + +The following are not exactly parallel, but being "in pari materia," are +sufficiently curious and alike to merit annotation: + + "But the common form [of urns] with necks was a proper figure, + making our last bed like our first: nor much unlike the urns of + our nativity, while we lay in the nether part of the earth, and + inward vault of our microcosm." + + Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_, p. 221. (St. John's edit.) + + "The babe is at peace within the womb, + The corpse is at rest within the tomb. + We begin in what we end." + + Shelley, _Fragments_. + + "The grave is as the womb of the earth." + + Pearson _on the Creed_, p. 162. + + HARRY LEROY TEMPLE. + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Death Omen by Bees._--It is not wonderful that the remarkable instincts +and intelligence of the honey-bee, its domesticity, and the strong +affinity of its social habits to human institutions, should make it the +object of many superstitious observances, and I think it probable that +if enquiry be made of that class of people amongst whom such branches of +folk-lore are most frequently found lingering, other prejudices +respecting bees than those lately noticed by some of your correspondents +might be discovered. + +If the practice of making the bees acquainted with the mortuary events +of the family ever prevailed in that part of Sussex from whence I write, +I think it must be worn out, for I have not heard of it. But there is +another superstition, also appertaining to mortality, which is very +generally received, and which is probably only one of a series of such, +and amongst which it is probable the practice before-mentioned might +once be reckoned. Some years since the wife of a respectable cottager in +my neighbourhood died in childbed. Calling on the widower soon after, I +found that although deeply deploring a loss which left him several +motherless children, he spoke calmly of the fatal termination of the +poor woman's illness, as an inevitable and foregone conclusion. On being +pressed for an explanation of these sentiments, I discovered that both +him and his poor wife had been "warned" of the coming event by her going +into the garden a fortnight before her confinement, and discovering that +their bees, in the act of swarming, had made choice of a _dead hedge +stake for their settling-place_. This is generally considered as an +infallible sign of a death _in the family_, and in her situation it is +no wonder that the poor woman should take the warning to herself; +affording, too, another example of how a prediction may assist in +working out its own fulfilment. + +Seeing that another P-urveyor to your useful P-ages has assumed the same +signature as myself, for the future permit me, for contradistinction, to +be-- + + "J. P. P.," but not "CLERK OF THIS PARISH." + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + +Did Caxton ever print his name CAUSTON or CAWSTON, or is it ever found +so spelt? He tells us, in the preface or prologue to his _Recuyell of +the Historyes of Troye_, "that I was born and learned mine English in +Kent, in the Weald." The only locality in Kent which I can discover at +all approximating in its name to Caxton, is Causton, a manor in the +parish of Hadlow, in the Weald of Kent, _held of the honor of Clare_. +This manor was, in the fourteenth century, possessed by the family of +"De Causton;" how and when it passed from them I have been unable to +ascertain with certainty, possibly not long before the birth of William +Caxton. In 1436, Beatrice Bettenham entails it on the right heirs of her +son, Thomas Towne, by which entail it came into the family of Watton of +Addington Place, who owned it in 1446. The honor of Clare, and the +forest, &c. of South Frith, closely adjoining Causton, descended through +one of the co-heiresses of Gilbert de Clare to Richard Duke of York, +father of the Duchess of Burgundy and Edward IV., whose widow, Cicely, +continued in possession till her death. I name the owners of the manor +of Causton, and the chief lords of whom it was held, as affording, +perhaps, some clue to identification, should any of your correspondents +be inclined to take up the inquiry. I need hardly add that the +difference between the two names of Causton and Caxton is of little +moment should other circumstances favour the chances that Causton in +Hadlow may claim the honour of having given birth to our illustrious +printer, or that he was descended from the owners of that manor. + + L. B. L. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Mental Almanac_ (Vol. iv., p. 203.).--The additive number for this +month of December, is 6. Hence next Sunday is 1 + 6 = the 7th of +December. Christmas Day will be 25, less 20, that is 5, or Thursday. + + A. E. B. + +_Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The +first person who settled in Honduras was the celebrated buccaneer +Wallis, in 1638, from whom the principal town and river were named. The +Spaniards called it _Valis_; and _v_ and _b_ having the same +pronunciation in Spanish, it became _Balis_, then _Balize_, _Belize_, +the actual name. + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Pasquinade_ (Vol. iv., p. 292.).--Will A. B. R. allow me to correct one +or two to typographical errors in the Italian version of his clever +epigram? In the first place "_Piu_," in both places where it occurs, +should be "_Pio_," which the sense demands, while _Piu_ is downright +nonsense. What A. B. R. _intended_ to write was no doubt: + + "Quando Papa o' Cardinale + Chies' Inglese tratta male, + _Quel che_ chiamo quella gente + Pio? No-no, _ne_ sapiente." + +The alteration in the third line is required both by sense and metre, +which last is octosyllabic; and _chiamo_ is pronounced as a dissyllable, +as are also _chiesa_ and _-piente_. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Epigram on Erasmus._--The following epigram, written in a fly-leaf of a +copy of the _Epistolæ Obscuroram Virorum_, published at Frankfort, 1624, +in the possession of a friend, is commended to your notice; not, +however, without a suspicion of its having been printed already: + + "Ut Rhadamantheum stetit ante tribunal Erasmus, + Ante jocos scribens serio damnor, ait + Cui Judex, libri dant seria damna jocosi, + Si tibi culpa jocus, sit tibi poena jocus." + + _Anglicè_, T. CORBETT. + + "Erasmus standeinge fore hell's tribune said, + For writeinge iest I am in earnest paid. + The iudge replied, Iests will in earnest hurt, + Sport was thy fault, then let thy paine be sport." + + D. B. J. + +_Etymology of London._--I believe the word London has never yet received +a satisfactory explanation, and it is, perhaps, too late in the day to +try to explain it entirely. It has always, however, been supposed that +it was significant in the old British language. It has been explained as +"the town of ships," the final syllable _don_, formerly _dun_, meaning a +town. Several other explanations have been given also on the same +principle, namely, that the final syllable meant a town or fortified +place, and the first was the characteristic distinguishing it from other +towns or _duns_ in the neighbourhood. + +This mode of explanation is repugnant to the general principles of +British topographical nomenclature: for they generally put the general +name first, and the characteristic last. Might the first syllable "Lon" +not be a corruption of the British "Llan," so common yet in names of +places, and so universally retained in Wales to this day? Llan means a +level place generally, as most of your readers who are versant in those +subjects know. The _don_ is not so easily explained, but perhaps some of +your readers may be able to assist in finding a meaning. + +"Don" might indeed still mean an enclosed strong place, and the meaning +of the whole word "London" would then be _Llandun_, or "the level ground +near the fort or strong camp." Perhaps some of your correspondents may +be able to offer something confirmatory or adverse to this explanation, +and in either case I should join with the rest of your readers in +thanking them. + + M. C. E. + +_Verses on Shipmoney._-- + + "A coppy of certaine Verses dispersed in and about London in febr. + 1634 in ye 10th year of ye Raigne of ye King Charls occasioned by + ye eager prosecucon of Shipmoney, and Imprisonm'ts therefore. + + "The Cittie Cofers abounding with Treasure, + Can pay this ship Tribute, and doe poor men pleasure + To save that Pelfe: the more is the pitty, + The Grey Cloaks divide it and yet tax the Citty. + A p'sent there being small occasion for Gold + Hast thether Collectors, 'tis time it were tould + And taken from such citty Asses: + Mony whom sly Proiects easily passes, + And speedily conveyt to Court + Wher they to see it will make sport, + And set out Shipps from Puddle dock + To scoure ye seas. A pretty mock + + "If that this ship Tribute be not speedily paid + Pycrust Lord Maior saith in Newgate you shall be laid, + Wher you shall see rogues, theeves, and vile knaves, + Yet none so bad as are Tributarie Slaves. + + "If men like Pycrust could make so great gain + As xx'ty in ye hundred to Irish mens paine + For moneys lent, some reason ther were, + To pay this ship Tribute w'thout wit or feare. + + "O crewell hard Pycrust though pay all men must + This crewell hard Tribute cause thou art uniust + And favourest this Project, when laid in thy grave + All good men will say then: Parkhurst was a knave. + + "Finis." (From a MS. at Oxford.) + +_Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna._--In case you do not happen to possess +a correct copy of the inscription on Columbus's bust and tablet in the +cathedral at Havanna, I send you one, and my translation of it, for the +benefit of those who may not make out the force and beauty of the +"éloge." + + "O restos e imagen del grande Colon, + Mil siglos durad guardados en la urna, + Y en la remembranza de nuestra nacion!" + + "O remains and image of the great Columbus, + [ages] + For a thousand centuries rest ye securely in this urn, + And in the remembrance of our nation." + +The bust is a mean and ill-executed one; although a late "lady" +authoress _has_ a different opinion of its merits. It is stiff and +wooden-looking, and, still worse, the right cheek, and _side of the head +too_, are comparatively _flattened_. Within it, built into the wall, are +the "restos," the dust and bones, in the urn. Beneath the epitaph is a +date of "1822"--the year, I presume, of the bust being "set up." It +stands abreast of the altar, and on the right hand, the head of the bust +being about six feet from the ground. I visited the interesting spot +only a few days ago, as soon as possible after my landing, for the first +time, in that truly noble city the Havana (or, in the Spanish, Habana). + + A. L. + + West Indies. + + + + +Queries. + + +ADDITIONAL QUERIES RESPECTING GENERAL JAMES WOLFE. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 271. 322.) + +I beg to thank the six gentlemen who have so promptly and courteously +responded to my Queries respecting this admirable soldier. The +information they have communicated is valuable and interesting, and +tends to remove much of the obscurity that had attended my researches +into the earlier portion of his history; and I feel greatly obliged to +your correspondents. Still, some of my Queries are unanswered, and I +venture to repeat these, in the hope that the information wanted may be +elicited. + +1. Where was James Wolfe educated? + +2. His _first_, and subsequent, military services? + +3. How long was he stationed in Scotland; on what duty; and in what +places? [He was in the North in 1749 and 1750; but I have reason to +believe some years earlier.] + +4. Was he at the battle of Culloden, in 1746? + +As some of the gentlemen, in kindly answering my inquiries, have raised +certain points on which additional information may be mutually given and +received, I take leave to offer the following remarks to these +respondents, _seriatim_. + +I.--To H. G. D. + +In corroboration of your statement, that the correct date of Wolfe's +birth is 2nd January, 1727 (not 1726, as alleged by some), I am enabled +to cite his own authority. One of his autograph letters in my +possession, dated Glasgow, 2nd April, 1749, states, "_I am but +twenty-two and three months_;" which answers precisely to your time. + +You mention that his mother came from, or near, Deptford, and that her +Christian name was Henrietta. I am enabled to mention that her surname +was _Thompson_, and that her brother Edward was member of parliament for +Plymouth, prior to 1759. Does this give you any clue to Wolfe's mother's +family; and particularly whether his maternal grandfather was a military +man? + +May I further inquire-- + +1. Whether Wolfe's _father_ was a native of Westerham; or merely +quartered there when his illustrious son was born? + +2. You allude to two houses at Westerham. Were these General Edward +Wolfe's property; or if not, what had led to the family residing there +so long, as they seem, from your remarks, to have done? + +3. Who was Sir Jeffrey Amherst, and in what manner did he "patronise +Wolfe"? Was he any relation of the General Amherst, commander-in-chief +in British America, who was to have supported young Wolfe in the attack +on Quebec in 1759. + +4. Who is the present representative of Wolfe's family? + +You mention that you are uncertain when and where James Wolfe _first_ +served. I have experienced the very same difficulty. It seems strange +that his biographers have been so meagre in the details of his life. It +has been said that Wolfe's first effort in arms was as a volunteer under +his father, in the unlucky expedition against Carthagena, in 1740, +commanded by Lord Cathcart. But I cannot find proper authority for this. + +You farther state, that Wolfe was ardently attached to Colonel Barré. It +is curious enough that their introduction to each other was chiefly in +consequence of a letter which Barré carried to Wolfe, from the officer +to whom Wolfe's letters in my possession are addressed. In one of these, +dated "Portsmouth, 7th Feb. 1758," Wolfe, after speaking favourably of +Barré, states-- + + "I did not know that Barré was your friend, nor even your + acquaintance. Now that I do know it, I shall value him the + more.... I trust I shall have good reason to thank the man that + mentioned him. Nay, I am already overpaid, by the little that I + did, by drawing out of his obscurity so worthy a gentleman. I + never saw his face till very lately, nor ever spoke ten words to + him before I ventured to propose him as a Major of Brigade." + +And he adds: + + "Barré and I have the great apartment of a three-decked ship to + revel in, but, with all this space, and fresh air, I am sick to + death. Time, I suppose, will deliver me from these sufferings + [sea-sickness], though in former trials I never could overcome + it", &c. + +I cordially assent to your encomium on England's young general. + +II.--To YUNAFF. + +The lady to whom the affectionate and touching lines you have quoted +were addressed was Miss Louther, a sister of Sir James Louther; rich, +highly accomplished, and most amiable. Wolfe was to have been married to +her, had he returned from Quebec. She was very averse to his accepting +the command. But nothing could stay his military ardour, even though in +indifferent health. Well might the epithet be applied to him--"favourite +son of Minerva." + +Miss Louther was an object of general sympathy, after her brave lover's +fall; and some of the periodicals of the day contain beautiful verses, +addressed to her, appropriate to the occasion. This lady's _name_ is not +mentioned in any of Wolfe's letters in my possession; but an _allusion_ +is made to her incidentally. She was a favourite with the old general +and Mrs. Wolfe. In one of the early letters a graphic description is +given by young Wolfe of another lady of rank, with whom he was much +smitten. That was before he paid his addresses, however, to Miss +Louther. But I do not feel at liberty to break the seal of confidence +under which this information was communicated in Wolfe's letter, though +at the distance of one hundred years, by mentioning farther particulars. + +May I ask if the verses in your possession are signed by Wolfe; or in +his autograph; and dated? It would be very interesting to have precise +information, tending to identity Wolfe as the author of these lines. + +III.--To W. A. + +I shall be glad to know the contents of the petition, dated February, +1746, and of the six letters mentioned by you. They may throw some light +on Wolfe's history. Will you allow me to communicate with you on this +subject, by letter, through the Editor, as I reside at a distance from +London? + +IV.--To J. H. M. + +The packet of Wolfe's letters in my possession was never shown to +Southey. They were discovered only three years ago. I believe Southey +intended to write a memoir of Wolfe, but I am not aware that he carried +his intentions into effect. The letters in my care were published in +_Tait's Edinburgh Magazine_, December, 1849, under the title "Original +Correspondence of General Wolfe." I shall feel obliged by any +information you possess regarding the _other_ collection of Wolfe's +letters which you believe to exist. Pray, where are they to be seen? + + [Gh.] + +P.S.--Since expressing my acknowledgments to the other gentlemen who +have kindly answered some of my inquiries respecting Wolfe, I have had +the pleasure to peruse the information communicated by J. R. (Cork), and +I beg to thank him for his courtesy. The sketch he has given of Wolfe's +ancestors is very interesting, the more so, as J. R. mentions he is +himself connected with Wolfe's family. Would J. R. be kind enough to +supply information on the following additional points, viz.: + +1. In which of the English counties did Captain George Wolfe, who +escaped after the siege of Limerick, settle? + +2. Was the son of this officer (father of General Edward Wolfe) also a +military man, or a civilian; and what was his Christian name? + +3. The birth-place of General Edward Wolfe, father of the hero of +Quebec. + +Answers to these Queries would connect some of the broken links in the +history of one of the most gallant and skilful young generals that +England ever entrusted with her armies. + + [Gh.] + +General Wolfe's executor was General Warde, of the family of Squerries, +near Westerham, by whom the epitaph was written, which is now over the +south door of Westerham church. General Warde's nephew and executor was +General George Warde, who by that means became possessed of several very +interesting objects, viz., an original portrait of Wolfe, representing +him with his natural red hair. After some time the natural red was +converted, by water colours, into a powdered wig; consequently a sponge +and clean water would restore it to its original state. Another portrait +of Wolfe painted after his death by West; he is represented sitting and +consulting a plan of military operations. West has given him the same +countenance in which he appears in the celebrated picture of his death. +When West was offered the original portrait on which to form this +picture, he declined making use of it, as he had already committed +himself in the historical portrait, and it would not do for him to alter +it, and send out in his name two different portraits. Gen. G. Warde also +possessed Wolfe's short sword and black leather letter-case, and a +collection of original letters; among which was one of much interest, +where Wolfe, mentioning the flattering terms in which he was spoken of +by the public and high military authorities, says, that unwarranted +expectations were raised, and that to maintain his reputation he might +be driven into some desperate undertaking. + +I write all this from memory, but my details cannot be very far from +correct. + + GRIFFIN. + + +CHRISTIANITY, WHEN FIRST INTRODUCED INTO ORKNEY. + +Christianity is believed to have been introduced into Orkney before the +Norwegian conquest by King Harold Harfager, in 895; but the race who +inhabited the country at that period are said to have been extirpated or +driven out by the Scandinavians, who were worshippers of Odin and Thor. +In the end of the tenth century, the King of Norway, Olaf Tryggveson, +renounced Paganism for Christianity, which he forced both on Norway and +Orkney at the point of the sword. M. Depping, in his _Histoire des +Expéditions Maritimes des Normands_, tom. ii. p. 60. ed. 1826, states +that Sigurd, the second Earl of Orkney (whose brother Ronald, Earl of +Mære, the first Norwegian Earl of Orkney, was the common ancestor of the +Earls of Orkney and Dukes of Normandy), drove the Christians out of +Orkney. This was towards the beginning of the tenth century. It has been +overlooked by Barry, the local historian, or unknown to him, who +mentions (p. 123.) the introduction by King Olaf Tryggveson as either +the first introduction, or at least the final establishment of the +Christian religion. I have looked into Torfæus' _Orcades_, the +Orknayinga Saga, and the Sagas of the two kings, Harold Harfager and +Olaf Tryggveson, in Mr. Laing's translation of Snow's Hermskringla, and +have not found the expulsion of the Christians by Sigurd mentioned in +any of those works. Will some of your learned correspondents be so +obliging as to point out M. Depping's authority for this fact? I have +just now fallen in with a curious example of the rude Christianity of +the Northmen, who worshipped both Thor and Christ, and the passage is +perhaps worth quoting. Torfæus, in his _Orcades_, p. 15., mentions a +Scandinavian chief called Helgius, who lived in Iceland about 888, and +says: + + "Christianis sacris quibus infans initiatus est, per totam vitam + adhæsit, valde tamen in religionis articulis rudis; nam Thorem, ad + ardua negotia, itineraque maritima feliciter expediunda, + invocandum, cætera Christum dictitavit, tanquam cum Thore divisum + imperium habentem. Simile Witichendus Monachus et Sigebertus + Gemlansensis, de Danis, in primis religionis incunabulis, + prodidere." + + W. H. F. + + +THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607. + +This work, both in the original edition, and in the reprint of Bergomi, +1608, is reputed to be of extreme rarity. Mr. Mendham, in his _Literary +Policy of the Church of Rome Exhibited, in an Account of her Damnatory +Catalogues or Indices, both Prohibitory and Expurgatory, &c._, 2nd ed., +London, 1830, calls it "perhaps the most extraordinary and scarcest of +all this class of publications," p. 116., while all of the class are +known to be by no means of common occurrence. Clement (_Bibliothèque +Curieuse_, art. "Brasichellensis," v. ccvii.) designates the Roman +edition as "_extrêmement_ rare;" and (note 48., p. 211 a.) says of the +other, "cette édition de Bergame est encore plus rare que celle de +Rome." + +Now Clement informs us that "on a copié l'édition de Rome de 1607 à +Ratisbonne, vers l'an 1723, sur de beau papier;" and Mr. Mendham says +that this was done by "Serpilius, a priest of Ratisbon, in 1723," and +that the copy so closely resembled the original "as to admit of its +being represented as the same." Accordingly, Clement says that it was +furtively sold as the genuine work, until the announcement of an +intended reprint by Hessel, at Altorff, in 1742, induced the owner of +the remainder of the Ratisbon counterfeit to avow his fraud. Then, Mr. +Mendham says, it "appeared with a new title-page, as a second edition." +Of _that_ circumstance Clement makes no mention. + +"The original and counterfeit editions of this peculiar work are +sufficiently alike to deceive any person who should not examine them in +literal juxtaposition; but upon such examination the deception is easily +apparent," says Mr. Mendham, p. 131. The natural inference from this is, +that _he has_ so examined them. + +His mention of the Bodleian "copy of the original edition" may warrant +the belief that he has made use of it. The fact that Dr. James, "chief +keeper" of the Bodleian, used and cited the Roman edition in his +_Treatise of the Corruptions of Scripture, Councils and Fathers, &c._ in +1612, may further warrant the belief that the copy in that library is an +indubitable original, placed where it is before the counterfeit was +gotten up. + +If these inferences are correct, I have, what I much desire, a criterion +by which to distinguish the counterfeit from the genuine Roman edition. +Yet I hardly dare to trust it, because it involves a charge of +carelessness against Clement, who is not often justly liable to such +reproach. + +He says, "J'ai eu le bonheur d'acquérir l'édition originale de Rome." He +therefore either copied the title of what he thought a genuine edition, +or carelessly substituted that of the counterfeit. + +Now I have a copy of what purports to be the Roman edition, the title of +which, agreeing exactly neither with Clement nor with the title given by +Mr. Mendham (p. 116.), yet coincides with the latter in one curious +particular, which seems to identify it with Mr. Mendham's genuine +original, while its rare disagreements from Clement's distinguish it +from that. Mr. Mendham's transcript of the title runs: + + "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti. + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri præ cæteris + desiderati emendantur, Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et publicæ + commoditati æditus. Romæ, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. MDCVII. + Superiorum Permissu." + +In this there are two observable peculiarities: 1. The full-stop after +"confecti," breaking the grammatical construction; 2. The omission of +such a stop (as a sign of contraction) after the portion of a word, +"Brasichellen," from which the final syllable "sem" has been dropped, as +appears in the archetype, for want of room. + +That Mr. Mendham faithfully copied this last peculiarity is shown by his +own singular misconception of the word, which he has taken to be +complete, and on p. 130. writes of "_Brasichellen_, or _Guanzellus_;" a +mistake into which he has been led by Jugler, whom he is there +reporting; Jugler, as quoted in the note, seeming to have been led into +it by Zobelius. + +The peculiarity which has thus led Mr. Mendham, and before him Zobelius +and Jugler, into error, does not appear in Clement's title. It runs: + + "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti, + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri præ cæteris + desiderati emendantur. Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen. Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et publicæ + commoditati æditus. Romæ, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII. + Superiorum Permissu." + +Both the peculiarities pointed out in Mendham's copy are wanting in +this; and a third difference is, that where Mendham, after "emendantur," +has a comma, this has a full-stop. All these differences are +corrections, and therefore more likely to be found in a reprint, than +the reverse. + +My copy agrees with Mendham in the two peculiarities first remarked; but +with Clement in the last. It has, beside, another peculiarity which +neither has retained, but resembling those of Mendham's copy. After the +word "auctorum" there is a full-stop, breaking the grammatical +construction just as that after "confecti" does. + +These circumstances lead me to think my copy one of the genuine edition, +and to suppose that Mendham's was of the same; in which case, Clement +must have either carelessly given the title of the counterfeit, while he +had the genuine at hand (as he says); or, still more carelessly, +miscopied the genuine; or deceived himself with the belief that he had +the genuine, while he had only a counterfeit. + +It is singular that there is room for a similar doubt about the Bergomi +edition of this work. Of that, too, I have what purports to be a copy; +but am led by Clement's description of the Altorff edition to have +misgivings that it may have been made as studiously a counterfeit of the +Bergomi edition, as its predecessor of Ratisbon had been of that of +Rome. In all the particulars of which Clement says, "Ceux qui auront +l'édition de Bergame, pourront juger sur ce détail, si la copie +d'Altorff la représente exactement ou non," my copy _does_ agree with +his description; and it may be that some of the Altorff copies bear a +false title, with Bergomi as the imprint. + +The genuineness of this book is of no ordinary interest. It is one of +the most damaging witnesses against Rome, to convict her of conscious +fraud. How much its evidence is dreaded, is proved by the industrious +suppression that has made it of so great rarity. + +May I not hope, therefore, that some of your readers who have access to +the Bodleian will inform me through your columns-- + +1. Whether any copy there, purporting to be of the Roman edition, can be +identified as having been in the library before 1723? + +2. Whether the title of such copy (if there be any) agree with Mr. +Mendham's, or Clement's, or mine? + +3. Whether there is in that library (or elsewhere in England) an +undoubted copy of the Bergomi edition? + +A copy of the titles of the Ratisbon and Altorff editions would also be +desirable; and (if they could be identified) any distinguishing note of +the Ratisbon counterfeit, _e.g._ the signature marks of its preliminary +sheet. + + U. U. + + Baltimore, U. S. A. + + +Minor Queries. + +313. _"The Don," a Poem._--This is an old work illustrative of the local +antiquities, ancient families, castles, &c., on the banks of the Don, in +Aberdeenshire. It is said to have been written during the usurpation of +Oliver Cromwell by a Mr. Forbes of Brux, in the immediate neighbourhood. +One of the ablest of our local antiquaries states, that he has never +been able to satisfy himself of the existence of any edition of that +poem earlier than that of the quarto one of 1742, which seems to have +been reprinted from an edition of the year 1655; but is so thoroughly +redolent of the spirit of a later age, that it is not possible to +believe it to have been written in the seventeenth century. All +subsequent editions (and they have been numerous) have reference to an +edition of 1655. In 1655, it is said to have been originally written by +a Mr. Forbes of Brux, as before stated, and published the same year, +with a few historical notes, and reprinted in 1674; and again in 1742, +with little or no alteration, and continued in that state until 1796; +when Mr. Charles Dawson, schoolmaster of Kemnay, added a few more notes, +and offered it to the public as his own composition in a small 12mo. +pamphlet!!! price 4_d._; which met with such encouragement, that a +second edition appeared in 1798, with more copious notes, price 6_d._ An +enlarged edition in 8vo. was published in Edinburgh in 1814. In 1819, +Mr. Peter Buchan of Peterhead, the editor of _Scottish Ballads_, +_Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads_, &c. &c., published an edition, price +6_d._, which sold well; and in 1849, another edition was printed at the +Hattonian Press, Fintray, Aberdeenshire, by John Cumming. I should be +glad to hear if any of your correspondents have seen an edition of 1655 +or 1674? + + STONEHAVEN. + +314. _John Lord Frescheville._--It is stated in the printed notices of +this individual, with whom expired, in 1682, the barony of Frescheville +of Stavely, co. Derb., that he was engaged, on the side of the king, at +the battle of Edge Hill. I have no reason to doubt the truth of the +statement: but I should like to know whether his name occurs in any of +the contemporary accounts of the fight at that place, or rather Keynton; +or whether he is anywhere mentioned in the royal musters. I think a +correspondent of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" indicated an acquaintance with +some local information relative to this affair, and the persons engaged +in it. + + D. + +315. _Meaning of_ "_Pallant._"--While staying in the neighbourhood of a +small country town in the south of England, I was requested to drive a +friend to call on an acquaintance who lived in _The Pallant_ in the said +town. The word being an uncommon one, we naturally conversed on its +probable derivation and meaning, but without arriving at a satisfactory +conclusion. I have since seen it used in a number of Dickens' _Household +Words_, where the scene of a ghost story is laid in an old house, or +street (I forget which), called _The Pallant_. What is its true +signification? + + A DEVONIAN. + +316. _Rectitudines Singularum Personarum._--This interesting Anglo-Saxon +document is necessarily well known to many of your readers. Will they +favor me with a Note, stating what they consider to be its date? In the +mean time, I will say that it is not improbable that the date may be +referrible to _temp._ Ethelredi II. The service of _Sæ weard_ is +insisted upon, and it is fair to suppose that such would not have been +the case if the _textus_ had been written at a period anterior to those +times, when the coast was wasted by the piratical incursions of the +Northmen. In the title "thegnes riht" it is mentioned in priority to +"heafod weard" and "fyrdweard." It is again mentioned in the title +"cotsetlan riht." This document was doubtless written by a priest, and +probably by a secular one, for some of its concluding words show a +habit, or at least a possibility, of migration on the part of the +writer, viz.: + + "Be thære theode theawe, the we thænne onwuniath." + +The Latin translation, which accompanies the original, is of a date +manifestly later than the Norman Conquest. The phraseology which it +exhibits, and the gross mistakes which it contains, are sufficient +evidence of the fact. + +In the title "be thaw the beon bewitath," the words "self lædan" are +translated "ipse minare." Sometimes the translator does not understand +his original: in the first title he converts "bocriht" into "testamenti +rectitudo;" and of the words "sceorp to frithscipe," he leaves the first +word as he finds it. + + H. C. C. + +317. _Sir Henry Tichborne's Journal._--I should be obliged to any of +your numerous correspondents or readers for any information given +respecting a diurnal written by Sir Henry Tichborne, third baronet of +Tichborne, co. Hants, of his _Travells into France, Italy, Loretto, +Rome, and other places, in the years 1675, 1676, and 1678_. + +Is the original in existence, or where might this MS. be found? Has any +of your readers seen or heard of it? + +I may here remark it is not in the possession of the family, neither +have they yet been able to trace it. + + THE WHITE ROSE. + + Winchester. + +318. _Round Towers at Bhaugulpore._--Lord Valentia (_Travels to India, +&c._) gives views of these towers, and the following description of +them:-- + + "They much resemble those buildings in Ireland, which have + hitherto puzzled the antiquaries of the sister kingdoms, excepting + that they are more ornamented. It is singular that there is no + tradition concerning them, nor are they held in any respect by the + Hindoos of this country. The Rajah of Jyenagur considers them as + holy, and has erected a small building to shelter the great number + of his subjects, who annually come to worship here." + +This is but a meagre account of them; and if any of your readers can +give further information respecting them, and especially on the religion +of those who go to worship at them, they will confer a great favour on +your querist. Bhaugulpore seems to be about half-way between Calcutta +and Patna, at some distance off the great road; and Jyenagur must be +some 800 miles distant. The dominant race in the latter are Rajpoots, +but there appear to be inferior races; which are the worshippers? What +is the meaning of Bhaugulpore? has it any relation to Baal? Jeypoor is +another name for Jyenagur. + + DE CAMERA. + +319. _Johannes Trithemius._--In my possession is a book entitled _Liber +de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis_, by the above author; the date of its +publication 1494. Can any one inform me who Trithemius was, and whether +the book, in point of accuracy, is to be relied on? + + A. W. H. + +320. _Races in which Children are named after the Mothers._--Will some +correspondent favour me with a list of the races in which the children +are named, or take their titles, or inherit property after their +mothers, and not after their fathers; and where descent in any form is +reckoned on the mother's side? I have a list of some, but I fear a very +imperfect one; and all additions to it, with a memorandum of the +authority on which the statement is made, will be very valuable to me. I +wish the instances to be fetched as well from ancient as from modern +nations. + + THEOPHYLACT. + +321. _Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, and Residents from Foreign +Courts._--Will any of your readers inform me where there may be found +the best, or any list of personages filling these diplomatic posts, +between the 1st of King Henry VIII. and the end of the reign of King +James II.? + + S. E. G. + +322. _Critolaus and the Horatii and Curiatii._--Has any writer on early +Roman history noticed the extraordinary similarity, even in the minutest +particulars, of the combat between the Horatii and Curiatii, followed by +the murder of a sister of the former by her brother, for mourning for +one of the opposite party, to whom she was betrothed, to the similar +circumstances related of Critolaus the Tegean? The chances of two such +transactions resembling each other so closely appear so very small, that +there can be no doubt of one story being a copy of the other: but which +was the original? I have no doubt the Roman historians adopted this tale +from the Greeks, to diversify the barren pages of their early history. +At all events, such a person as Critolaus undoubtedly existed, which is +more than can be averred of the Roman hero. (See _Encyc. Brit._, art. +"Critolaus.") + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica. + +323. _Cabal._--I should like to know the earliest use of this word as +signifying "a secret council," and, as a verb, "to plot or intrigue." +Pepys applies it to the king's confidential advisers several years +before the date (1672) when Burnet remarks that the word was composed of +the initials of the five chief ministers; and Dryden uses the verb in +the sense I have mentioned. Can any of your correspondents trace either +verb or noun to an earlier period, or explain this application of it? +The Hebrew verb _kibbal_ signifies "to receive;" and the _Cabbala_ was +so called from its being "traditionary," not from its being "secret." A +popular error on this point may, however, have given rise to the +above-mentioned application of the word. + + E. H. D. D. + +324. "_Thus said the Ravens black._"--In what modern poem or ballad do +the following or similar lines occur? + + ---- "thus said the ravens black, + We have been to Cordova, and we're just come back." + + D. B. J. + +325. _Symbols in Painting._--In a painting of the Crucifixion by Guido +(?) the following accessories are introduced, the meaning of which I +cannot discover: the persons present are four, two of whom are evidently +the Virgin and St. John; but the other two, who are both old men, are +doubtful. On the ground, at the foot of the cross, is a skull and some +bones; and at one side of the picture is a monster, somewhat like a +gigantic toad, with his foot on a book; and at the other side lies a +bell, with a twisted cord attached to it: the monster and the skull +might be symbolical of sin and death, but what can the bell mean? It is +a singular object for an artist to have introduced without some +particular meaning; but the only instance I know of its use, is in the +pictures of St. Anthony (in the fourth century), who is generally +represented with a bell in his hand. Perhaps some of your correspondents +may be able to explain its meaning in this painting. Can the handbell +rung in Roman Catholic churches at the elevation of the host have any +connexion with the subject in question? + + B. N. C. + + Oxford. + +326. _Latin Verse on Franklin._--Can you inform me who wrote the line on +Franklin: + + "Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque Tyrannis?" + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + +327. _General Moyle._--Who was General John Moyle, who died about 1738? +He resided, if he did not die, in Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk. + + BURIENSIS. + +328. _Musical Compositions of Matthew Dubourg._--I am induced, while +preparing for the press a new edition of my _opusculum_ on the _violin_, +to seek your kind mediatorial aid in behalf of an object which some one +or other of your correspondents, acquainted with Irish matters of the +last century, may _possibly_ enable me to attain. I am desirous of +learning whether there be _extant_ any of the musical compositions +(especially the violin _solos_ and _concertos_) of my progenitor, +Matthew Dubourg, who held the post of director and composer to the +king's band in Ireland, from 1728 until, I believe, his death in 1767. + +As I do not know that any of these compositions (which appear to have +been called forth by immediate occasions) were ever _printed_, my hope +of now tracing them out is perhaps more lively than rational. If they +have existed only in a manuscript state, it is but too possible that the +barbarian gripe of the butterman may long ago have suppressed what +vitality was in them. I cannot, however, relinquish the idea that a +dusty oblivion, and not absolute destruction, may be the amount of what +they have undergone; and that they _may_ still exist in such condition +as to be, at least, more susceptible of resuscitation than disinterred +_mummies_. I have the honour to be, Sir, yours wistfully, + + G. DUBOURG. + + Brighton. + +329. _Collodion, and its Application to Photography._--May I ask for +information as to the first discoverer of Collodion, and the origin or +derivation of the name? I should also be glad to know by whom it was +first applied to photogenic purposes. + + A PHOTOGRAPHER. + +330. _Engraved Portrait._--Will some of your correspondents who are +conversant with the history of engraved English heads, oblige me by +naming the original of a copper-plate print in my possession, and also +with the conclusion of the verses beneath, the lower part of the plate +being mutilated. The verses, as far as I have them, run thus: + + "Here you may see an honest face, + Arm'd against envy and disgrace; + Who lives respected still in spite + . . . . . . . . ." + +The addition of the names of the painter and engraver will increase the +obligation. + + HENRY CAMPKIN. + +331. _Lines by Lord Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to +forgive her Son when on her Death-bed._--In Coxe's _Life of Sir Robert +Walpole_ (vol. i. p. 549.), we read, in the account of the death of +Queen Caroline, as follows: + + "The tongue of slander has even reproached her with maintaining + her implacability to the hour of death, and refusing her pardon to + the prince, who had humbly requested to receive her blessing. To + this imputation Chesterfield alludes in a copy of verses + circulated at the time: + + "'And unforgiving, unforgiven dies.'" + +Can any of your readers refer me to the remainder of this copy of +verses? + + PROEM. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Kimmeroi, Cimbri, Cymry._--There appears to be a growing belief that +the Gomeridæ of the Bible, the Kimmeroi of the Greeks, the Cimbri of the +Romans, and the Cymry or Kymry of Wales, belong to the same family; the +few words remaining of their language are to all appearance Kymraeg; and +recently there was some likelihood of having more light thrown upon this +subject. Kohl, the German traveller, visited the remnant of the Cimbri +defeated by Marius, and was told that "_sette commune parlano Cimbro_." +Is the language of these Lombard Kimbri like that of the Kymry of Wales? +M. Kohl states that a professor at Padua was about to publish the +remains of their language; but I have not seen any subsequent notice +respecting them. The inquiry is highly interesting, and will I trust be +taken up by some persons who may be in position to obtain further +information; and I hope soon to see a few specimens of their language in +"NOTES AND QUERIES." + +Ritson, in the notes to his work on the Celts, has these remarks on the +language of this Cimbric remnant: + + "Their language, which was thought to be a corrupt German, was + found upon closer inquiry to be very pure Danish. Signor Marco + Pezzo has written a very learned dissertation on this + subject."--Page 288. + +What is the title of this work? I am very desirous to obtain further +information on this subject, and invite attention to this people and +their Kimbro speech. + + T. STEPHENS. + + Merthyr Tydfil. + + [The title of Pezzo's work is, _Dei Cimbri Veronesi, e Vicentini_, + libri ii. Terza edizione. 8vo. Verona, 1763. This edition is in + the British Museum.] + +_Dictionary of Musicians._--I have now before me _A Dictionary of +Musicians_, &c., second edition, 2 vols. 8vo., Longman and others, 1827. +I should be glad to know whether there is any more recent edition, or +anybody engaged in preparing one; or whether there is any more recent +and complete work of the kind. This one contains much information, but +might be greatly improved by omissions, corrections, and additions. + + AN AMATEUR. + + [_The Biographical Dictionary of Musicians_ noticed by our + correspondent is very incorrect in its details. There is another + work of the same kind in preparation, but is not expected to be + published for some months. The latest works on the subject are the + German _Lexicon der Tonkunst_ in several 8vo. volumes, and that by + M. Fetis, which appeared about four years since at Brussels, and + pronounced both comprehensive and correct.] + +_City of London Charter._--What was the cause of the City charter being +forfeited in the year 1683? + +In a trial, _The King_ v. _The City of London_, judgment was given +against the City, whereby the charter was forfeited. + + S. E. G. + + [An information brought against the Mayor and citizens of London + was "for usurping of divers franchises and liberties within the + said city, and for assuming to themselves an unlawful power to + levy several great sums of money, as well upon the said citizens + of London as strangers; and in particular upon those which come to + the markets of the said city, by colour of the laws and ordinances + in their Common Council by them in fact ordained and established, + without any other right or authority." The circumstance which gave + occasion for this _quo warranto_ to be brought against the City + charter, was a petition the Court of Aldermen and City made to the + King, upon his prorogation of Parliament, when they were going to + try several noblemen concerned in the Popish plot; but especially + for their printing and publishing the petition, which was + considered seditious. For particulars relating to this celebrated + trial, we must refer our correspondent to the following + tracts:--_The Case of the Charter of London Stated_, fol. 1683. + This is an ingenious treatise against the charter. _A Defence of + the Charter and Municipal Rights of the City of London_, by Thomas + Hunt, 4to.; _The Lawyer Outlawed; or a Brief Answer to Mr. Hunt's + Defence of the Charter_, 4to. 1683; _The Forfeitures of London's + Charter, or an Impartial Account of the several Seisures of the + City Charter_, 4to. 1682; _Reflections on the City Charter, and + Writ of Quo Warranto_, 4to. 1682; _The City of London's Plea to + the Quo Warranto_, (an information) _brought against their Charter + in Michaelmas Term_, 1681, fol. 1682. A summary account of the + whole proceedings will be found in Maitland's _History of London_, + vol. i. pp. 473-484.] + +_St. Alkald._--Upon looking over a sheet of the Ordnance Map lately +published, on which part of the parish of Giggleswick is laid down, I +find that the patron saint, to whom the church is dedicated, is St. +Alkald. No calendar that I have access to mentions any such saint. I +shall be obliged by any of your correspondents giving me some account of +him, or referring me to any book where I may read his history. + + F. W. J. + + [In _The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated_, published + by Parker of Oxford, p. 181., our querist will find + + "_S. Alkald_ or _Alkilda_ was commemorated March 28. The church of + Giggleswick, Yorkshire, is named in honour of this saint, and the + Collegiate Church of Middleham in the same county in the joint + names of SS. Mary and Alkald."] + + + + +Replies. + + +PLAIDS AND TARTANS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 107.) + +I am not going to enter into the controversy respecting the antiquity of +the _Highland_ kilt and tartans, nor when and where they were invented. +But in reference to these questions, I beg leave to cite a passage, +which may be found in the second book of the _History_ of Tacitus, in +which is designated a garb having a very distinct analogy to the _trews_ +and tartans of the Highland chiefs. + +In lib. ii. sec. xx. the return of Cæcina from Germany into Italy is +thus described:-- + + "At Cæcina, velut relictâ post Alpes sævitiâ ac licentiâ, modesto + agmine per Italiam incessit. Ornatum ipsius, municipia et coloniæ + in superbiam trahebant, quod _versicolore sagulo, bruccas_ tegmen + barbarum, indutus, togatos adloqueretur." + +Cæcina and Valens had been the Imperial "Legati" in Upper Germany, and +the former is thus described in lib. i. sec. liii.:-- + + "At in superiore Germaniâ, Cæcina decorâ juventâ, corpore ingens, + animi immodicus, scito sermone, erecto incessu studia militum + inlexerat." + +So it seems that this handsome Roman, "great in stature," and "graceful +in youth," thought (like many of our modern fine gentlemen when they get +among the hills) the partycoloured plaid and barbarian clothing so +extremely becoming, that he was determined to set the fashion of wearing +it in Italy, and actually was intrepid enough to appear like a male +Bloomer before the astonished eyes of the "Togati," and to answer the +addresses of the "Municipia" and "Coloniæ" clad in this outlandish +costume. + +I leave to more learned antiquaries the task of tracing this Celtic +habit, "in superiore Germaniâ," into the Scottish Highlands. For myself +I have little doubt that from the earliest division of the community +into septs or clans, the chiefs assumed the pattern of this "tegmen +versicolor" which best pleased them, and in course of time the pattern +distinguished the wearers as belonging to such and such chiefs. As to +the kilt, in all probability it was the apology for nudity. + +The chiefs wore the trews, the humbler vassals or serfs either wore no +nether garments at all, or covered their loins with a scanty apron, +which gradually comprising more ample folds, has been modernised into +the kilt. + +But I beg leave to put forward these speculations with all possible +modesty, feeling quite inadequate to discuss such momentous matters from +being only + + A BORDERER. + + +RELIGIOUS STATISTICS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 382.) + +I have a memorandum (not dated) which states that M. Pradt, in his work +on _Ancient and Modern Jesuitism_, gives curious calculations on the +religious statistics of the world. The terrestrial globe, he estimates, +contains 670,000,000 inhabitants, who are thus divided:-- + + Catholics 120,000,000 + Protestants and their dependants 40,000,000 + Of the Greek Church 36,000,000 + Jews 4,000,000 + Mahomedans 70,000,000 + Idolators 400,000,000 + +Of these, China alone, according to the most probable accounts, contains +300,000,000. + +An elaborate, valuable, and now, I believe, a scarce work, entitled _The +Consumption of Public Wealth by the Clergy of every Christian Nation_, +&c. (published by Effingham Wilson in 1822), among details, founded on +authorities of repute, and which are named, gives for each nation, +"France," "Scotland" (its Kirk), "Spain," "Portuguese Church," +"Hungarian Churches," "Clergy in Italy," "Clergy in Austria," "Clergy in +Prussia," "Clergy in Russia," "England and Wales," "Established Church +Property Ireland," &c. &c., the particulars required by Q. E. D. For +instance, under the heading "Hungarian Churches," we are preliminarily +told that-- + + "Hungary contains about 8,000,000 people of various religious + persuasions, who live happily together ever since the days of that + excellent Emperor Joseph II. He laboured resolutely and + successfully, in spite of the bigots of his own religion by whom + he was surrounded, to root out the evils of religious discord from + his dominions; and he left, as a glorious legacy to his people, + for which his memory will be ever dear, the blessings of concord + and harmony between his subjects of all denominations." + +It is then narrated that there are (in Hungary): + + "Catholics, Latin and Greek 4,750,000 + Greek Church 1,150,000 + Calvinists 1,050,000 + Lutherans 650,000 + Unitarian Christians 46,000 + Various small Christian Sects, and + persons of the Jewish faith 200,000." + +But this work contains no summary of the total amounts of its own +enumerations. + + A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. + + +ROYAL LIBRARY. + +(Vol. iii., p. 427.; Vol. iv., pp. 69. 154.) + +Your correspondent J. H. M. remarks (Vol. iv., p. 69.): "In justice to +King George IV., the letter which he addressed to the late Earl of +Liverpool, on presenting the books to his own subjects, should be +printed in your columns." Heartily concurring in this opinion, I have +much pleasure in supplying your readers with a transcript of the same. I +copied it some years back from the original, then in the possession of a +noble friend: + + "Dear Lord Liverpool,--The king, my late revered and excellent + father, having formed, during a long period of years, a most + valuable and extensive library, consisting of about one hundred + and twenty thousand volumes, I have resolved to present this + collection to the British nation. Whilst I have the satisfaction + by this means of advancing the literature of my country, I also + feel that I am paying a just tribute to the memory of a parent, + whose life was adorned with every public and private virtue. I + desire to add, that I have great pleasure, my lord, in making this + communication through you. Believe me, with great regard, your + sincere friend, + + "G. R. + + "Pavilion, Brighton, 15th of January, 1823." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +Your correspondent C. says, "the whole story of the projected sale to +Russia is absolutely unfounded." He seems to consider that, because the +Princess Lieven never heard a syllable about the matter, the whole story +was unfounded--that is, that when a part of a story is untrue the whole +must be untrue. What is really the truth I do not positively _know_; but +I will give you the story, as I heard it at the time, from one who had +good means of information. George IV. disliked the expense of keeping up +the Royal Library; he was also occasionally out of temper at the claims +made or insinuated by some members of the family, that as the library +had not been bequeathed, they had all an equal property in it. To get +rid of the expense and the claims he resolved to dispose of it, and said +something about this wish at his own dinner-table. This was, perhaps, in +the presence of the Russian ambassador, or some distinguished Russian, +or at least came to his ears; and he spoke to Lord Liverpool upon the +subject, expressing a desire to purchase. Lord L. immediately waited +upon the king, and remonstrated in the strongest terms against allowing +such a library collected by a king of England to be sent out of the +country; and went so far as to say that he would resign his office if +the measure was persisted in. The king then resolved to relieve himself +from all annoyance about the matter by presenting it to the nation. Such +I believe to be the outline of the truth: the minute details I did not +"make a Note" of at the time, and will not trust my memory to relate +them. + + GRIFFIN. + + +DAMASKED LINEN. + +(Vol. ii., p. 199.; Vol. iii., pp. 13. 229.) + +In the subjoined account of some old patterns, I have, for the sake of +brevity, enclosed in brackets the descriptions of the several objects +represented, beginning with the highest and most distant. The words +enclosed within inverted commas are the inscriptions. + + No. I. + [Two horsemen, with steel-caps, riding away at speed.] + [Crown.] + "PVRSV'D BY MEN. PRESERV'D BY GOD." + [Crown.] [Crown.] + [Oak branches surrounding a head surmounted + with a low-crowned hat and flowing wig.] + +I may mention that this bears the mark of an ancestor of its present +possessor, who was about forty years of age at the time of the +Restoration, and died in 1707. + + No. II. + "SISTE SOL IN GIBEON ET LVNA IN VALLE IAALON." + [Sun] "RIS" [Moon] "SEL." + [Fortified town.] + [Mortars throwing shells into the town.] + [Tents and cannon.] + [Trophy] "EGENIVS." [Trophy.] + [Equestrian figure holding a baton.] + +Can any of your readers be so good as to explain the allusion of the +above ungainly and somewhat profane compliment to Prince Eugene? + + No. III. + "STAD ANT + WERPEN." + [City gate.] + [Water with ships.] + "DER HERTZOG VON MARLBORVK." + [Equestrian figure in the proper costume, holding a baton.] + +The above probably commemorates the surrender of Antwerp to the allied +armies soon after the battle of Ramillies, May 27, 1706. + + No. IV. + "CAROLVS KÖNIG IN SPANIGEN." + [Equestrian figure.] + [Trophy of arms and banners.] + "MADRIED." + [City and gates.] + [Batteries with cannon planted.] + +I presume this must refer to the short-lived triumph of Charles +(afterwards Emperor of Germany), who was crowned King of Spain at Vienna +in 1703, and entered Madrid in 1706. + + No. V. + [City.] + [River with boats.] + [Cannon and mortars.] + [Tents and halberdiers, and arms strewn about on the ground.] + "KÖNIG GEORGE." + [Crown.] [Crown.] + [Harp.] [Harp.] + [Equestrian figure holding a sceptre.] + +Will some one be so kind as to explain the meaning of this design? + +I may mention that there is little doubt that this cloth, as well as the +others, belonged to the son of the gentleman before mentioned, and that +it is very unlikely that it ever belonged to the royal household. This +may perhaps affect the inference of your correspondent H. W. D. from the +inscription "Der König Georg II." (Vol. iii., p. 229.). + + No. VI. + [A group of figures:--On the right an eastern + monarch standing, and in an attitude of command + towards a female figure on the left, who + is stooping down to put something into the + gaping mouth of a dragon, while with her left + hand she points towards the king. Behind the + woman are three men turning towards the king + in attitudes of entreaty.] + "BABYLON." + [A man and woman kneeling down, with hands + raised as in supplication or astonishment.] + "DANIEL, XIIII." + [A tree with two birds in it. In front of the tree + an angel flying downwards; and underneath, a + man in the same attitude, holding a vessel + shaped like a pitch-kettle in the left hand, and + what appears to be a small loaf or cake in the + right.] + +All the above figures are in oriental costume. The date of this cloth +_cannot_ be later than about 1720. In each case the pattern is repeated +in rows; the alternate rows being reversed so that on whichever side the +cloth is turned, half of the patterns have the inscriptions legible. + + W. S. T. + + +VERMIN, PAYMENTS FOR DESTRUCTION OF. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 208. 389.) + +The authority by which churchwardens paid for the destruction of vermin, +is by acts of parliament (8 Eliz. cap. 15. and 14 Eliz. cap. 11.), but +_not AS churchwardens_; and the payment for vermin out of the +_church-rate_ is illegal: but they are _ex officio_ appointed by the +statutes quoted, "with six other parishioners," as shown by FRANCISCUS, +Vol. iv., p. 389. + +There can be no doubt, that in course of time this assessment got into +desuetude; that churchwardens, being the "distributors," they charged it +on the _church-rate_ by way of simplifying the machinery. This, and +other duties of churchwardens and other parish officers, many of which +have become obsolete, may be seen in Lambard's _Eirenarcha, or Office of +the Justice of the Peace_, first published in 1581, which passed through +many editions from that date to 1637. The work is commended by +Blackstone as deserving the perusal of students. + +With regard to the old names of vermin, _Glead_ and _Ringteal_ are +described by Osbaldiston, in his _Dictionary of Recreation_, as a sort +of kite; the latter with whitish feathers about the tail. _Greas'-head_ +and _Baggar_ he does not notice. May they not be provincialisms? + + H. T. ELLACOMBE + + Clyst St. George. + +In further illustration of this Query, and of J. EASTWOOD'S reply (p. +389.), may be quoted:-- + + "That the distributers of the provision for the destruction of + noysome foule and vermine being chosen, and having money [as + before shown by me, Vol. iv., p. 389.], shall give and pay the + same money so to them delivered, to every person that shall bring + to them any heades of old crowes, choughes, pies, or rookes, taken + within the several parishes, for the heads of every three of them + a peny; and for the heads of every sixe young crowes, choughes, + pyes, or rookes, taken, as is aforesaid, a peny; and for every + sixe egges of any of them unbroken, a peny; and likewise for every + twelve stares heades, a peny. All which said heads and egges, the + said distributers in some convenient place shall keep, and shall + every moneth at the least bring foorth the same before the said + churchwardens and taxors, or three of them, and then and there to + them shall make a true account in writing, what money they have + laid forth and paid for such heads and egges, and for the heads of + such other raveinous birds and vermine, as are hereafter + mentioned, that is to say: + + "For everie head of merton, haukes, fursekite, + moldkite, bussard, scag, carmerant, or ringtaile iid + For every two egges of them id + For every iron or ospraies heads iiiid + For the head of every woodwall, pie, jay, raven, + or kite id + For the head of every bird which is called the + kingsfisher id + For the head of every bulfinsh, or other birde + that devoureth the blouth of fruit id + For the heads of every foxe or gray xiid + For the head of every fichewe, polcat, wesell, + stote, faire, badger, or wildecat id + For the heads of every otter or hedghog iid + For the heads of every three rats or twelve mice id + For the heads of every moldwarpe or want, an + halfe-penie. + + "All which sayd heads and egges shall be foorthwith, after such + account made in the presence of the sayd churchwardens and taxors, + or of three of them, burned, consumed, or cut in sunder."--Vid. 8 + Eliz. c. 15.; 14 Eliz. c 11.; and 39 Eliz. c. 18. + + FRANCISCUS. + + +WAS RALEIGH IN VIRGINIA? + +(Vol. iv., pp. 190. 241.) + +Raleigh never visited Virginia. The numerous expeditions thither, set on +foot by him, and in which he had so large a concern as to cause them to +be called _his_ voyages, no doubt gave rise to the popular error. + +We first find Raleigh's name, in connexion with discovery in North +America, in 1579. In that year Sir Humphrey Gilbert, his stepbrother, +prevailed upon him to join in a projected voyage. The accounts of this +voyage are very scanty: all, I believe, that is known on the subject is +to be found in Hakluyt, vol. iii. p. 146., in the following words: + + "Others failed of their promises contracted, and the greater + number were dispersed, leaving the Generall with few of his + assured friends, with whom he adventured to sea; where having + tasted of no lesse misfortune, he was shortly driven to retire + home with the losse of a tall ship, and (more to his grief) of a + valiant gentleman, Miles Morgan." + +It will be observed that Raleigh's name is not mentioned, the "Generall" +being Gilbert. It appears, however, to be generally assumed by his +biographers that he did accompany this expedition in person. It may, at +all events, be predicated with tolerable certainty, that Raleigh was not +amongst those who deserted Sir Humphrey. Tytler adds the following +particulars, in his _Life of Raleigh_ (Edinburgh, 1833), p. 27., on the +authority of Oldys's _Life of Raleigh_, pp. 28, 29.: + + "On its homeward passage the small squadron of Gilbert was + dispersed and disabled by a Spanish fleet, and many of the company + were slain; but, perhaps owing to the disastrous issue of the + fight, it has been slightly noticed by the English historians." + +Schomburgk adds, in the Introduction to his reprint of Raleigh's +_Guiana_, published for the Hakluyt Society in 1848, also on the +authority of Oldys, that during the engagement "Raleigh was exposed to +great danger." + +We may therefore assume that he did sail with Gilbert on this occasion. +There is no appearance, however, of the expedition having reached +America at all; and most certainly Virginia was not then visited. + +The next voyage undertaken by Gilbert was in 1583. Raleigh took a great +interest in this expedition, and fitted out a barque of two hundred +tons, which bore his name; and although the "most puissant" vessel in +the fleet, it only ranked as "Vice-admirall." The "Delight, _alias_ the +George, of burthen 120 tunnes, was Admirall, in which went the +Generall." They "began their voyage upon Tuesday, the eleventh day of +June, in the yere of our Lord 1583;" but "about midnight" of the 13th +June, "the Vice-admirall forsooke us, notwithstanding that we had the +winde east, faire, and good. But it was after credibly reported that +they were infected with a contagious sickness, and arrived greatly +distressed at Plimmouth.... Sure I am no cost was spared by their owner, +Master Raleigh, in setting them forth." So writes worthy Master Hayes, +who commanded the Golden Hinde, the "Rear-admirall" of the expedition. +It may be easily believed that Raleigh was not on board of the vessel +which belonged to him. Sir H. Gilbert, who was ignorant of the cause of +desertion, wrote thus to Sir George Peckham, after his arrival in +Newfoundland:--"On the 13th the bark Raleigh ran from me, in fair and +clear weather, having a large wind. I pray you solicit my brother +Raleigh to make them an example to all knaves." The subsequent history +of this disastrous expedition need not be dwelt upon. Gilbert reached +Newfoundland, but was lost in returning on board the Squirrel of ten +tons! + +On the 25th March, 1584, Raleigh obtained letters patent from Queen +Elizabeth authorising him to establish a colony in North America, south +of Newfoundland. "The first voyage made" under this patent "to the +coasts of America" was "with two barks, wherein were Captains M. Philip +Amadas, and M. Arthur Barlowe, who _discovered_ part of the countrey now +called Virginia, anno 1584:" the account of which voyage is stated to +have been "written by one of the said Captaines, and _sent_ to Sir +Walter Raleigh, knight, at whose charge and direction the said voyage +was set forty"--_Hak._ vol. iii. p. 246. + +The next voyage is called (p. 251.) "The voyage made by Sir Richard +Grenvill _for_ Sir Walter Raleigh to Virginia, in the yeere 1585." Sir +Richard left a colony under the government of Master Ralph Lane. A list +of all the colonists, to the number of 107, "as well gentlemen as +others, that remained one whole yeere in Virginia," is given in Hakluyt, +at p. 254. The first name is Master Philip Amadas, Admirall of the +countrey;" the second is "Master Hariot." On the 10th June of next year +the colony was visited by Sir Francis Drake, with no less than +twenty-three sail of vessels, "in his prosperous returne from the +sacking of Saint Domingo." Sir Francis gave the colonists, who had +suffered severely from "scarsity," the means of returning to England, +which they did, leaving Virginia on the 18th of June, and arriving at +Portsmouth on the 28th of July, 1586. Governor Lane was greatly blamed +for his precipitate desertion of the colony. Hariot wrote a description +of the country, which occupies fifteen folio pages of Hakluyt. Hallam +(in the passage quoted by MR. BREEN) is correct in describing Hariot as +the companion of Raleigh; for that he was, and very much esteemed by +him: but he is wrong in making it appear that they were together in +Virginia. + +In the meantime Raleigh at home was far from being forgetful of his +colonists, although they seemed so little inclined to depend upon him. +He got ready no less than four vessels: various delays, however, +occurred to retard their sailing; and Raleigh at last getting anxious +started off one of them as a "bark of aviso," or despatch boat, as it is +called in one of the old accounts. It arrived at the site of the colony +"immediately after the departing of our English colony out of this +paradise of the world;" and "after some time spent in seeking our colony +up in the countrey, and not [of course] finding them, it returned with +all the aforesaid provision into England." Thus Hakluyt, page 265., who +also states that it was "sent and set forth at the charges of Sir Walter +Raleigh and his direction;" expressions surely inconsistent with any +supposition that he was on board of this bark of aviso; and yet it would +appear, from the Introduction of Sir Robert Schomburgk, already referred +to, that _this_ was the identical occasion on which Raleigh was +erroneously supposed to have visited Virginia. As what Sir Robert says +is very important, and bears very directly on the question, I quote his +words: + + "It has been asserted by Theobald and others, that Sir Walter + Raleigh himself accompanied this vessel, which he sent for the + relief of the young colony; such may have been his intention, as + Captain Smith states in the first book of his _General History of + Virginia_; but we have so many proofs that Sir Walter did not + leave England in that year, that we are surprised that such an + erroneous statement has found credence up to the present day." + +This is a strong opinion of Sir Robert, and if borne out by evidence, +would be conclusive; but in the first place, his reference to Smith's +_Virginia_ is incorrect; and besides, Smith, for anything he relates +prior to 1606, is only secondary evidence. His book was published in +1624, and is reprinted in Pinkerton's _Voyages_ (1812). On reference to +it there I can find no such _intention_ attributed to Raleigh; and in +fact Smith's account is manifestly taken from Hakluyt (1599), who, it is +well known, had his information on these voyages chiefly from Raleigh +himself[1]. In the second place, it would have been well if Sir Robert +had mentioned some distinct proof that Raleigh was in England on some +one day that the vessel was absent, rather than generally stating that +he did not leave England during 1586. Unfortunately, there is a want of +precision as to the exact dates when the vessel left and returned to +England; enough is said, however, to fix upon the two months _at least_ +from the 20th of May to the 20th of July as being embraced in the period +during which she was on her voyage. In Hakluyt it is stated that she did +not sail until "after Easter:" in 1586 Easter Sunday was, by my +calculation, on the 3rd April. The 20th of May is therefore a liberal +meaning to attach to the expression "after Easter." She arrived in +Virginia "immediately after" Drake sailed, on the 18th of June. Say then +that she even arrived on the 19th June; only spent one day in searching +for the colony; and took thirty days to go home; this would bring us to +the 20th July. It will be noticed that I narrow the time as much as +possible, to strengthen the evidence that would be gained by proving an +_alibi_ for Sir Walter. If it can be shown that he was in England on any +day between the 20th May and the 20th July, the supposition that he went +on this occasion to Virginia must be given up as untenable. I have +therefore directed my inquiries to this point. In the sketch of the life +of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, given in Lodge's _Portraits_, a +work certainly not of indisputable authority, but tolerably correct +notwithstanding, I find the following statement: + + "His [Cumberland's] fleet consisted of three ships, and a pinnace, + _the latter commanded by Sir Walter Raleigh_.... It sailed from + Gravesend on the 26th of June, 1586; but was repeatedly driven + back by contrary winds, and could not finally leave England till + the end of August." + + [Footnote 1: What Smith really says is, speaking generally of + _all_ the voyages, that Raleigh's occasions and employments were + such that he could not go himself; but he says nothing about his + intentions specially as to this particular voyage.] + +Now, if this were quite correct, it would be conclusive, that if Sir +Walter Raleigh sailed from Gravesend on the 26th June, he could not have +started from Virginia to return to England on the 20th of the same +month. I thought it well, however, to verify this statement of Mr. +Lodge, and had recourse to my old friend Hakluyt as usual. I there found +(vol. iii. pp. 769. et seq.) that on starting from Gravesend, there were +only two vessels called respectively the Red Dragon and the Clifford; +these vessels arrived at Plymouth on the 24th of July, and were there +detained by westerly winds until the 17th of August, when they-- + + "Then departed with another ship, also for our Rear-admirall, + called the Roe, whereof W. Hawes was Captaine; and a fine pinnesse + also, called the Dorothie, _which was Sir Walter Raleigh's_." + +It therefore follows, that the pinnace might have joined them +immediately before the 17th of August, a date too late for our purpose. +Nay more, the only authority for Mr. Lodge's statement, that the vessel +was commanded by Sir Walter, rests upon the words which I have put in +Italics; his name is not mentioned in the subsequent account of the +expedition, although, on the 7th of February, 1587, it was found +necessary to hold a council of war, at which no less than eighteen +officers assisted, all of whom, beginning with the admiral, are named. +Raleigh's name does not occur; and is it conceivable that he, if present +in the fleet, would have been absent on such an occasion? This therefore +affords one additional instance in which Raleigh was presumed to be +present merely because he fitted out a vessel. Being inconclusive as a +positive piece of evidence on the main question, my chief reason for +referring to it was to show how hastily some writers make assertions, +and how probable it is that "Theobald and others" went upon similar +grounds in their statement as to Raleigh's having visited Virginia. In +justice to Mr. Lodge, I must mention that the error into which he fell +with respect to Raleigh, in his sketch of the life of the Earl of +Cumberland, is not repeated in his biography of Raleigh, in which it may +be supposed he was more careful. Raleigh's having concerned himself +sometime in July or August in fitting out a vessel for Cumberland's +expedition, undoubtedly forms part of that chain of evidence alluded to +by Schomburgk, tending to prove his continued residence in England in +1586. I feel inclined, however, to search for positive evidence on the +point. In the very valuable collection of letters entitled the +_Leicester Correspondence_, published for the Camden Society in 1844, I +find his name occurring several times. On the 29th of March, 1586, +Raleigh writes "from the court" to the Earl of Leicester, at that time +in the Low Countries: he states that he had moved the Queen to send +Leicester some pioneers, and found her very willing; but that since, the +matter had been stayed, he knew not for what cause. He then goes on to +protest against certain rumours which had been afloat as to his having +been acting a treacherous part with the Queen against the Earl. +Leicester had been in some disgrace with her Majesty, and Raleigh in a +postscript says: + + "The Queen is in very good tearms with yow, and, thanks be to God, + well pacified, and yow are agayne her 'sweet Robyn.'" + +On the 1st of April the Queen herself writes to Leicester a letter, +which will repay perusal. And on the same day, Walsingham, at the +express instance of the Queen, signifies to Leicester that Rawley, "upon +her honor," had done Leicester good offices; and that, during the time +of her displeasure, he dealt as earnestly for him as any other of his +friends. All this shows Raleigh in high favour and standing at the +court; and it is most improbable that he could, at such a moment, absent +himself no less than three months from it. These letters appear to have +been unusually long in reaching Leicester; in the early part of April he +complains of not getting letters from the Queen, and on the 27th a great +many reached him all at once. On the 31st of May, Leicester writes to +Walsingham, and speaks of Rawley's pioneers; saying that he had written +to him saying that they were ready to come. This could not refer to +Raleigh's letter of 29th of March, because in it he states that the +matter had been stayed; it must refer to one of a later date, which does +not appear, but which was written, in all probability, some time on in +May; it could not have been in Leicester's possession on the 29th of +May, because on that day he writes to Walsingham, and mentions the same +subject; namely, his wish for a reinforcement of 1000 men, which led him +to speak of Rawley's pioneers on the 31st. With regard to the time it +took to communicate with Leicester, he was at the Hague on the 30th of +July, and on that day he knew of Drake's arrival at Portsmouth, stated +in Hakluyt's account of Drake's voyage to have taken place on the 28th; +although it is true, Governor Lane, who came home in the fleet, says the +27th of the same month. This was very speedy communication; but the +arrival of Drake, and the results of his enterprise, were looked for +with the utmost anxiety by the English ministry; and, no doubt, their +satisfaction on the subject was communicated to Leicester by a rapid +express. On the 9th of July we find Walsingham writing to Leicester: + + "And lastly, that yt shall in no sorte be fyt for her Majestye to + take any resolutyon in the cause until Sir Francis Drake's + returne, at lest untyll the successe of his vyage be seene; + wheruppon, in verry trothe, dependethe the lyfe and death of the + cause according to man's judgment." + +In a letter from Burleigh to Leicester, dated 20th of June, 1586, occurs +the following: + + "In Irland all thynges are quiet, and a nombre of gentilmen of + Somersett, Devon, Dorcet, Cheshyre, and Lancashyre, are making + themselves to go to Monster, to plant two or three thousand + people, mere English, there this year." + +In a note to this, Mr. Bruce, the editor, states, that Stow records the +names of the honourable and worshipful gentlemen who made the attempt to +colonise Munster, and names, amongst others, Sir Walter Raleigh. It was +on this occasion that the poet Spenser got his grant of 3,028 acres in +the county of Cork, which "is said to be dated June 27, 1586." So the +Rev. Mr. Mitford, in his life of Spenser, prefixed to the Aldine edition +of his poems (1839); and although he seems uncertain as to the date, +there can be no doubt but that it is correct. Now I think that most +people will agree with me in thinking that the whole of this, Raleigh's +movements so far as they can be traced, his position at court, and the +busy and stirring nature of the time, make it altogether improbable that +Raleigh was absent in the month of June, 1586, on a voyage to Virginia. +Hakluyt's not mentioning that he was in the vessel, would of itself be +convincing to my mind, knowing the extent of his information on all +subjects connected with Raleigh, and his minute and painstaking +accuracy. Knowing, however, that _this_ was the voyage in which Raleigh +was stated to have visited Virginia, I have thought it worth while to +search for more positive evidence. How far I have succeeded may be seen, +but it is open to others to fix the fact of Raleigh's having been in +England within the time I have limited. As a hint to go upon, I may +mention that Babington's conspiracy was known to the English ministry on +the 9th of July, although the conspirators were not apprehended until a +month after; if Raleigh could be shown to have had any share in the +discovery of the plot, his presence in England in the beginning of July, +1586, would be established beyond all doubt. + +I have already been more than sufficiently tedious on the subject of the +voyage of this little bark; what I have brought forward however bears +more or less upon the question as to Raleigh having visited Virginia: I +am clearly of opinion that on this occasion he did not. I cannot +refrain, however, from adding a word or two of purely speculative +conjecture. There is something rather suspicious in Drake visiting +Virginia with the whole of his armament, and losing time in doing so, +when the whole nation, from the queen downwards, was on the very +tenter-hooks of anxiety for intelligence of him and of his success. The +question arises, was it a rendezvous? and did the "bark of aviso" bear +other and more important despatches than those addressed to Master Ralph +Lane? Might not its arrival a day or two earlier have directed Drake to +strike a blow at some defenceless but important part of the Spanish +empire, deadly in proportion to its being unexpected? These are +questions which I can in no wise answer, but they have arisen in my +mind; and if it were so, we might be fain to believe, in spite of +everything that I have been able to bring forward, that Raleigh was +indeed on board his gallant little bark, but that, the mark not having +been hit, the attempt was kept secret. It must not be forgotten that at +that time, with the exception of this little colony, England had not a +rood of land in the New World. However, I must remember that history +ought not to deal in conjecture. + +About fourteen or fifteen days after the departure of the bark, Grenvill +made his appearance with the other three vessels. After making every +search he returned home, leaving fifteen men on the Island of Roanoke. +Subsequent expeditions found no traces of these men excepting the bones +of one of them. No one has ever asserted that Raleigh was on board of +this fleet. + +Nothing daunted by these failures-- + + "In the yeere of our Lord 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh, intending to + persevere in the planting of his countrey of Virginia, prepared a + newe colonie of one hundred and fiftie men to be sent thither, + under the charge of John White, whom hee appointed Governour, and + also appointed unto him twelve assistants, unto whom he gave a + charter, and incorporated them by the name of the Governour and + Assistants of the Citie of Raleigh in Virginia."--_Hak._ Vol. iii. + p. 280. + +This colony, owing to contentions with the natives and other causes, did +not thrive; and in August of the same year White was, much against his +wish, induced to return to England for assistance. He failed in his +first attempt to go back with aid. In 1593 he gives, at Hakluyt's +request, an account of a voyage he made thither in 1590, but which quite +failed in its object. The men with whom he embarked showed a greater +disposition towards buccaneering, than to assist him in his search for +the unfortunate colonists. He found traces of their having gone to the +Island of Croatan; but his associates would not prosecute the search, +and poor White, with a sad heart, was obliged to leave them, if they +even then survived, to their fate. From that day to this no intelligence +has ever been got as to what became of them. This voyage was made, if +not under Raleigh's auspices, at all events with his assistance. It has +been supposed by some that this voyage of White in 1590 was the _last_ +attempt made by Raleigh to succour his colonists--he has even been +reproached with it. This, however, was not the case. At p. 1653. vol. +iv. of Purchas, a very brief account is given of a ship having been +purchased by Raleigh and sent out under the command of-- + + "Samuell Mace (a sufficient marriner who had been twice before at + Virginia), to fynd out those people which he had sent last thither + by Captain White in 1587." + +The ill success of the previous attempts to communicate with the colony +seems to have been ascribed to the practice which prevailed in that day +of engaging seamen for the voyage with a share in the profits; this +Raleigh attempted to remedy by hiring "all the cumpanye for wages by the +month." I quote from Strachey's _Virginia_, printed by the Hakluyt +Society from an original MS., whose statement bears undoubted marks of +being the original from which Purchas took his account, and somewhat +abridged it. In spite of Raleigh's precautions as to the hiring, the +people behaved ill, and-- + + "They returned, and brought no comfort or new accesse of hope + concerning the lives and safety of the unfortunate English people, + for which only they were sett forth, and the charg of this + employment was undertaken." + +Here ends the history of Sir Walter Raleigh's connexion with Virginian +discovery and colonisation. A new company was at the moment in +contemplation, and it even despatched its first pioneer vessel in the +same month of 1602 as Raleigh did. Raleigh may have had, to a certain +extent, a selfish object in view. His patent of 1584 was conditional, as +regarded its continuance, on his planting a colony within six years; and +had he been able to have discovered any remains, however small, of the +colony of '87, he could have prevented interlopers. The nature of his +position also in England in March, 1602, may perhaps afford a clue to +his designs. At that moment his royal mistress lay on the bed of +sickness, dying by inches. The clouds were beginning to gather around +Raleigh's head. His star, which had been in the ascendant for more than +twenty years, was getting nigh its setting. Raleigh, a man of wisdom and +foresight, as well as conduct and action, knew all this. He knew what he +had to expect, and what he afterwards in fact experienced, from the new +king, to whom all eyes were turned. Is it not most likely that he looked +to Virginia as his haven of refuge, where, if he could maintain his +patent rights, he might have set his enemies at defiance? Had this +dream, if he entertained it, been realised, the twelve years' +imprisonment and the bloody scaffold on which his head fell, might have +been averted. This, however, was not to be;--the search, as already +mentioned, was fruitless, and the new company went on; and, finally, +under a fresh charter from James I., Virginia was again colonised in +1606, since which time its history and existence have been +uninterrupted. On Raleigh's return from his last expedition to Guiana in +1618, only a few months before his murder, he touched at Newfoundland, +being, as I verily believe, the only occasion on which he set his foot +in North America. + +It may cause your readers to smile, and perhaps be a surprise to some of +them, when I conclude this long paper, written on the subject of +Raleigh's connexion with Virginia, by asserting that he never had any +connexion, direct or indirect, with it! All the colonies with which he +had to do were planted in North Carolina and the islands thereto +belonging. To have laid any stress upon this, or to have mentioned it +earlier than now, would have amounted to nothing but a play upon names. +The country called Virginia in Queen Elizabeth's reign, embraced not +only the state now so called, but also Maryland and the Carolinas. +Virginia Proper was in reality first planted by the company of 1606, who +fixed their settlement on the Chesapeake. + + T. N. + + Demerary, Oct. 1851. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Bunting's Irish Melodies._--On p. 167. of the third volume of "NOTES +AND QUERIES," MR. STEPHENS, of Stockholm asks a question concerning the +_Irish Airs_ of this distinguished musician. As a member of the Royal +Academy of Music in Stockholm, I feel more than ordinary pleasure in +answering the Query of your esteemed correspondent. + +Edward Bunting was born at Armagh in 1773. He claimed descent from +Patrick Gruama O'Quin, who as killed in arms in July, 1642; and it was +to this origin that Bunting attributed his musical talents, as well as +certain strong Irish predilections, for which he was through life +remarkable. His first collection of _Irish Airs_ was published in 1796; +his second in 1809; and his third, and last, in 1840. The first work +contains sixty-six native Irish airs never before published. The second +added seventy-five tunes to the original stock. This volume, like the +first, afforded a copious fund of new melodies, of which the +song-writers of the day eagerly and largely availed themselves. The +third and final collection consists of upwards of 150 melodies; "Of +these," the editor remarks in his Preface, "considerably more than 120 +are now for the first time published, the remainder being sets much +superior to those already known." Bunting did not live to carry out his +plan of republishing his first two collections uniform with the third. +He died December 21, 1843, aged seventy. A copious memoir of him, +accompanied with a portrait, may be found in the _Dublin University +Magazine_, No. XLI., January, 1847. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Colonies in England_ (Vol. iv., pp. 272. 370.).--In Vol. iv., p. 207. +inquiry is made about the existence of colonies of Moors and others in +different parts of England: I was not aware of there being any such as +those he mentions, but as your correspondent wishes to know of any +others which may still exist, I can inform him that colonies of +Spaniards are known of in Mount's Bay and Torbay. The latter, from +having intermingled with the surrounding population, have not now, I +believe, much more than a traditionary Spanish descent; whilst the +former, on the contrary, have kept aloof, and are easily distinguished +from their marked Spanish features. This colony is planted at Mousehole; +and, according to their account, they have been settled there upwards of +three centuries. Another account declares the original settlers to have +formed part of the Spanish Armada; and that after its defeat, they made +a descent on this part of the Cornish coast, drove out or killed the +former inhabitants and have ever since remained unmolested, and in great +measure distinct from the surrounding inhabitants. The nature of the +country in which they settled has, no doubt, proved favourable to them +in this respect, as the soil is barren and rocky, with thinly scattered +villages inhabited by a hardy race of fishermen. + + H. L. + +The settlement of a colony of Flemings in the lower part of +Pembrokeshire, called Rhos and Castle Martin, in the time of Henry I., +was one of the subjects discussed at the meeting of the Cambrian +Archæological Association at Tenby in August last, where the subject was +fully debated, and the fact seemed established. A full report of this +discussion is contained in the October number of the _Cambrian +Archæological Association_, published by Pickering, London. + + T. O. M. + +_"History of Anglesey," &c._ (Vol. iv, p. 317.).--This publication is +attributed to the Rev. J. Thomas in a note to page 230. of the _Cambrian +Plutarch_, by the late J. Humphreys Parry. + + T. O. M. + +_The Lowey of Tunbridge_ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--There still is, I +believe, a district known by this name. In order to save the valuable +space in "NOTES AND QUERIES," I will merely refer E. N. W. for +information respecting it to the following works: + + "A Perambulation of Kent; written in the yeere 1570 by William + Lambarde of Lincolnes Inn, Gent. Imprinted at London by Edm. + Bollisant, 1596."--Page 425. + +This first I believe to be a somewhat scarce book. + + "A Topographie or Survey of the County of Kent. By Richard + Kilburne, London, 1659."--Pp. 276, 277. + + "Tunbridge Wells and its Neighbourhood. By Paul Amsinck, Esq., + London, 1810."--Pp. 97-99. + +There are incidental notices of Tunbridge Lowey in Hasted's _History of +Kent_. From the _Parliamentary Gazetteer_ I extract the following (to +which my attention has been directed by a friend):-- + + "Tunbridge Lowey, a division in the Lathe of Aylesford, County of + Kent. Area, 20,660 acres; houses, 2,072; population in 1831, + 12,233." + +In 1841 the census returns for that district gave a population of +14,638. + +There is also, I believe, another "Lowey," viz. that of Pevensey. + + R. VINCENT. + +_Praed's Works_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--About five years since I saw in +the travelling library of an American lady a very good edition of +Praed's _Poems_, small 8vo. clear type, published (I believe) in the +_States_. The owner promised to send me a fac-simile of the work, on her +return to New York; but family bereavements and various painful +circumstances have arisen to banish the recollection of such a promise. +I have asked for the book in vain in London; but if your correspondent +K. S. is very anxious to procure a copy, I would suggest an order for +it, given through _Chapman in the Strand_, to whom Wiley and Putnam +appear to have transferred the American literary agency. I should think +the price would not exceed six or seven shillings. + + YUNAF. + + [This collection was published by Griswold of New York in 1844. We + saw a copy at Tupling's, No. 320. Strand, a few days since.] + +_John à Cumber_ (Vol. iv., p. 83.).--Some months ago MR. J. P. COLLIER +made some inquiries respecting John à Kent, the Princess Sidanen, and +John à Cumber. Respecting the two latter I was enabled to furnish some +information; and since that I have fallen upon the traces of John à +Cumber. My inquiries have recently been directed to the scene of the +Battle of Cattraeth or Siggeston (Kirby Sigston); and I have +endeavoured, hitherto ineffectually, to find some good description of +the scenery of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and of the great plain of +Mowbray, which was probably the scene of the conflict described by +Aneurin, and which, I believe, includes both Catterick and Sigston. It +was in that country that I found John à Cumber, who is most probably the +person described in the following extract:-- + + "Thirsk.--In the reign of Henry VII. an insurrection broke out + here, in consequence of an obnoxious tax. This was a subsidy + granted by the parliament to the king, to enable him to carry on + the war in Brittany against the French. The Earl of Northumberland + had signified at an assembly, that the king would not remit any + part of the tax, though the northern people had besought it; when + they, taking the earl to be the cause of the answer, fell upon, + and slew him, together with several of his servants, at the + instigation of one John à Chamber. They then placed themselves + under a leader, Sir John Egremond, who, on being defeated by the + Earl of Surrey, fled into Burgundy. John à Chamber and some others + were taken, and executed at York."--_A Picturesque Tour in + Yorkshire and Derbyshire_, by the late Edward Dayes, London, 1825, + pp. 147-8. + +Dayes gives no authorities[2]; but this may afford a clue to further +discoveries. + + T. STEPHENS. + + Merthyr, Nov. 21. 1851. + + [Footnote 2: [Dayes' account of the above insurrection will be + found in Kennett's _History of England_, vol. i. p. 595.--ED.]] + +_Punishment of Prince Edward of Carnarvon_ (Vol. iv., pp. 338. +409.).--MR. W. S. GIBSON will find further particulars of the offence +and punishment of this prince in a paper by Mr. Blaauw on the recently +discovered letters of Prince Edward, which is published in the second +volume of the _Sussex Archæological Collections_. The offence appears to +have been committed in May or June, 1305, and the minister was, as has +been stated, Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, the +king's Treasurer, but in the letters called Bishop of Chester; a seeming +discrepancy arising from the fact that the Bishops of Lichfield and +Coventry were not unfrequently called Bishops of Chester at that period, +which was two centuries before the present see of Chester was created. + + W. S. W. + + Middle Temple. + +It may be as well to add a note to your two communications from MR. +JOSEPH BURTT and R. S. V. P., that the _Bishop of Chester_, named by the +former, is one and the same person with the _Bishop of Lichfield and +Coventry_, named by the latter, as suggested by MR. FOSS; the two +bishoprics being identical, and almost as often called by one title as +by the other. + + P. P. C. + +_Joceline's Legacy_ (Vol. iv., pp. 367. 410.).--The _first_ edition I +believe to have been "_The Mother's Legacie to her Vnborne Childe_, by +Elizabeth Iocelin, London. Printed by Iohn Hauiland, for William Barret, +1624." pp. 114. + title, approbation and epistle dedicatorie (40). + +Henry Jocelyn, a younger son of Sir Thomas Jocelyn, who died 4 Eliz., +married Anne, daughter and heir of Humphry Torrell, Esq., of Torrell's +Hall, Essex, by whom he had Sir Thomas Jocelyn, Knt., and _other sons;_ +one of whom I suspect to have been the Tourell Jocelin, husband to Eliz. +Jocelin, the authoress of this excellent little tract. + + P. B. + +_Bristol Tables_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--The four remarkable bronze +tables, respecting which E. N. W. inquires, formerly stood under the +piazza of the "Tolzey," or "Counter," in Bristol; the place where the +merchants transacted business. On the opening of the Exchange in 1743, +they were removed, and fixed in front of that building, where they now +stand. It appears that they were presented to the city at different +times, and by different persons. On a garter, beneath the surface of one +of them, is the following inscription:-- + + "Thomas Hobson of Bristol made me, anno 1625. Nicholas Crisp of + London gave me to this honourable city in remembrance of God's + mercy in anno domini 1625. N. C." + +On a ring round the surface is this inscription: + + "Praise the Lord, O my soul! and forget not all his benefits. He + saved my life from destruction, and ... to his mercy and + loving-kindness. Praise...." + +On a ring round the surface of the second is the following: + + "A.D. 1631. This is the gift of Mr. White of Bristoll, Merchant, + brother unto Dr. Thomas White, a famous benefactor to this citie." + +On the garter round the exterior is this inscription: + + "The church of the Living God is the pillar and ground of the + truth. So was the work of the pillars finished." + +The third table has the following words round the surface: + + "This Post is the gift of Master Robert Kitchen, Merchant, some + time Maior and Alderman of this city, who deceased Sep. 1. 1594." + +On the ring below the surface: + + "His Executors were fower of his servants. John Barker, Mathew + Howil, and Abell Kitchin, Aldermen of this city, and John + Rowborow, Sherif. 1630." + +Six lines in verse, and a shield with armorial bearings, formerly +appeared as the centre of this table; but they are now obliterated. + +The fourth table, which is supposed to be the oldest, has no +inscription. + +These curious round tables, on which the merchants of this ancient city +formerly made their payments, and wrote their letters, &c., are now used +by the newsmen, who here sell the daily journals, &c. In times of +popular excitement, they have been sometimes used as pedestals, whence +mob-orators, and candidates for parliamentary honours, have harangued +the populace. + + J. R. W. + +_Grimsdyke or Grimesditch_ (Vol. iv., pp. 192. 330.).--There is a +hundred in Norfolk called Grimeshoe or Grimeshow, of which Blomefield, +in his History, vol. ii. p. 148., says: + + "It most probably derives its name from _Grime_ and _hoo_, a hilly + champaign country. This Grime was (as I take it) some considerable + leader or general, probably of the Danes, in this quarter; and if + he was not the _præsitus comitatus_, or _vicecomes_, that is, the + shire reeve or sheriff, he was undoubtedly the _Centuriæ + præpositus_, that is, the hundred-greeve; and, as such, gave the + name to it, which it retains to this day." + +Near this is a curious Danish encampment, with a number of pits and +tumuli, called _Grime's Graves_, from the aforementioned Grime. These +are about two miles east of the village of Weeting, on a rising ground. +On the west side of the village is a bank and ditch, extending several +miles, called the Fen-dyke or Foss. The encampment contains about two +acres, and is of a semicircular form. There are numerous deep pits dug +within it in the quincunx form, and capable of concealing a large army. +There are also several tumuli, one in particular of a long shape. The +usual opinion respecting these remains is, that it was the seat of great +military operations between the Saxons and Danes. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Derivation of "Æra"_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--With regard to the +derivation of _Æra_ (or _Era_). I have always been accustomed to +explain the derivation of _Æra_ or _Era_ thus:--that it is a term +transferred from the [brazen] tablets, on which the records of events +were noted, to the events themselves, and thence to the computum, or +fixed chronological point from which the reckoning proceeds. + +My difficulty here has been to find sufficient instances of the use of +brass in ancient times for these purposes. Brass was the material on +which laws, &c. were commonly registered: but the fasti at present +discovered, as far as I can learn, are engraven on marble; as, for +instance, the Fasti Capitolini, discovered in the Roman Forum in 1547, +and the fragments afterwards brought to light in 1817, 1818. + +Isidore of Hispola, in the eighth century, in his _Origines_, gives this +derivation: + + "Æra singulorum annorum constituta est a Cæsare Augusto, quando + primum censum exegit. Dicta autem Æra ex eo, quod omnis orbis æs + reddere professus est reipublicæ." + +I quote on the authority of Facciolati, who adds that others derive the +word from the letters A.ER.A., "annus erat Augusti." These are not at +all satisfactory; and I shall be glad if you will allow me to throw in +my derivation as "being worth what it will fetch." + + THEOPHYLACT. + +Koch says, in note 5 to the Introduction of his _Revolution of Europe_, +that "æra" is derived from the initials of the phrase "Anno erat +regnante Augusto;" and was first used among the Spaniards, who dated +from the renewal of the second triumvirate even down to the fourteenth +or fifteenth centuries. + + HD. + +_Scent of the Blood-hound_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--C. H. asks whether it +be true that hound loses his scent-- + + "If he fele swetness of þe flouris." + +A few years ago a master of fox-hounds in the New Forest excused some +bad sport in March thus "The hounds can't hunt for those d--d stinking +violets!" rather to the amusement of some of his field. + + G. N. + +_Monk and Cromwell Families_ (Vol. iv., p. 381.).--A SUBSCRIBER seems to +imply that the Monk and Cromwell families intermarried. In Chauncy's +_Hertfordshire_, vol. i. p. 582. of the new edition, but which was +originally printed in 1700, it is stated, that the well-known manor of +Theobalds was granted by Charles II. to the great Monk in tail male; on +the death of his son, Duke Christopher, it reverted to the crown; and +that King William, by letters patent of the 4th of April, 1689, gave it +to William Bentinck, who was created Earl of Portland. It must have come +therefore, to the Cromwells by intermarriage either with Bentinck, +which, I believe, was not the case, or with some subsequent purchasers +of the manor. Theobalds originally belonged to Sir Robert Cecil, of whom +James I. obtained it in exchange for Hatfield. It was given as reward +for restoring the Stuarts to Monk, and to Bentinck for assisting again +to expel them. + + J. H. L. + +"_Truth is that which a man troweth_" (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--For the +information of your correspondent Γ. I send the following, +which I believe to be the original authority for the above saying. It is +taken from the celebrated work of Horne Tooke's, entitled _Diversions of +Purley_, which, though highly interesting as a treasury of philological +information, contains this among other absurd attempts to base moral +conclusions on the foundation of etymology:-- + + "_Truth_ is the third person singular of the indicative _trow_. It + was formerly written _troweth_, _trowth_, _trouth_, and _troth_. + And it means (_aliquid_, anything, something) that which one + _troweth_, i.e. thinketh, or firmly believeth." + +Dugald Stewart, in his _Philosophical Essays_, justly observes regarding +the principle involved in such speculations, that "if it were admitted +as sound, it would completely undermine the foundations both of logic +and of ethics." + + TYRO. + + Dublin. + +"_Worse than a Crime_" (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--In reply to a question you +attribute the famous saying concerning the murder of the Duc D'Enghien +to Talleyrand. + +If you will refer to p. 266. vol. i. of Fouché's _Memoirs_, 2nd edition, +1825, C. Knight, you will find that he claims the saying to himself: + + "I was not the person who hesitated to express himself with the + least restraint respecting the violence against the rights of + nations and of humanity. 'It is more than a crime, it is a + political fault.' I said words which I record, because they have + been repeated and attributed to others." + + J. W. + + Walsall. + +In matters of rumour different people hear different things. I never +heard the words "c'estoit pire qu'un crime, c'estoit une faute," +ascribed to any one but Fouché of Nantes. I have understood that the +late Prince of Condé would not hold any intercourse with the Prince de +Talleyrand, or with the Court when he was present officiating as Grand +Chamberlain of France, owing to his full conviction of that minister's +privity to the murder of his son. But how is that consistent with +Talleyrand's more than condemning, and even ridiculing the action? + + A. N. + +_Verses in Classical Prose_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--Merely as matter of +information, permit me to refer your correspondent A. A. D. to the notes +of Glareanus and Drakenborch on the first lines of Livy's preface, and +to the "variorum" commentators on the first line of Tacitus' _Annals_ +("Urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere"), for a collection of +examples of the occurrence of verse in prose compositions. + + THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY. + +_Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru_ (Vol. iv., p. 257.).--Probably the +melodramatic spectacle mentioned by MR. HASKINS was derived from a +Spanish book, of which I possess an English translation, bearing the +following title:-- + + "A Relation of the First Voyages and Discoveries made by the + Spaniards in America, with an Account of their unparalleled + Cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above Forty + Millions of People. Together with the Propositions offered to the + King of Spain, to prevent the further ruin of the West Indies. By + Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an + Eye-witness of their Cruelties. Illustrated with Cuts. London, + printed for Daniel Brown at the Black Swan and Bible without + Temple Bar, and Andrew Bell at the Cross Keys and Bible in + Cornhill, near Stocks Market, 1699." 8vo. pp. 248. + +The "cuts" are twenty-two in number, on two fly-sheets, and represent +torturing death in the most horrible variety. + +A MS. note on a fly-leaf, in the handwriting of Mr. Bowdler of Bath, +says, "This book is taken out of the fourth part of Purchas's +_Pilgrims_, fol. 1569." + + E. WARING. + + Hotwells, Clifton. + +_Nolo Episcopari_ (Vol. iv., p. 346.).--_Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ seems to +ascribe the above oft-quoted words to the _Roman Pontifical_:-- + + "It is lawful to desire a Bishoprick; neither can the + unwillingness to accept it be, in a prudent account, adjudged the + aptest disposition to receive it (especially if done in + ceremony--(in Pontifical. Rom.)--just in the instant of their + entertainment of it, and possibly after a long ambition.)"--_Life + of Christ_, Ad Sect. IX. Part I. 2.; _Considerations upon the + Baptism of Jesus_, p. 96. Lond. 1702. Fol. + +On more occasions than one I have hunted Roman Pontificals in vain, but +I may have been unfortunate in the editions to which I had access. + +It cannot at all events have descended from remote antiquity, for +"episcopari" is a comparatively modern word. + +St. Bernard uses it in his 272nd _Epistle_; but the Benedictine editors +speak of it as an "exotic." + + RT. + + Warmington. + +_Hougoumont_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The assertion of your correspondent +A. B. R. I have met with before, but forget where: viz. that the proper +designation of the château in question is _Goumont_, and that +_Hougoumont_ is only a corruption of _Château Goumont_. + +This may be the case; but the Duke must not be charged with the +corruption, for I have now before me a map of the Département de la +Dyle, published "l'An 8 de la République Française, à Bruxelles, &c., +par Ph. J. Maillart et Soeur," &c., in which the place is distinctly +called _Hougoumont_. + + A. C. M. + + Exeter. + +_Call a Spade, a Spade_ (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--I have found two early, +but unauthenticated, instances of the use of this saying, in a note by +J. Scaliger on the _Priapeia, sive Diversorum Poetarum in Priapum +Lusus_:-- + + "Simplicius multo est, ----, latinè + Dicere, quid faciam? crassa Minervæ mea est." + + _Carmen_, ii. 9, 10. + + "Ἄγροικός εἰμι· τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγω;" + Aristophanes.--"Unde jocus maximi Principis, Philippi Macedonis. + Quum ii, qui prodiderant Olynthum Philippo, conquestum et + expostulatum ad ipsum venissent, quod injuriosè nimis vocarentur + proditores ab aliis Macedonibus: οἱ Μακεδόνες, inquit, ἀμαθεῖς + καὶ ἄγροικοί εἰσι· τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγουσι."—J. Scaliger. + +For which note see the "Priapeia," &c., at the end of an edition of +Petronius Arbiter, entitled, _Titi Petronii Arbitri Equitis Romani +Satyricon. Concinnante Michaele Hadrianide. Amstelodami. Typis Ioannis +Blaeu. M.DC.LXIX._ + +As I cannot at this moment refer to any good verbal index to +Aristophanes, I cannot ascertain in what part of his works Scaliger's +quotation is to be found. Burton, in his preface to the _Anatomy of +Melancholy_ ("Democritus Junior to the Reader"), repeats the saying +twice, _i.e._ in Latin and English, and presents it, moreover, in an +entirely new form: + + "I am _aquæ potor_, drink no wine at all, which so much improves + our modern wits; a loose, plain, rude writer, _ficum voco ficum, + et ligonem ligonem_, and as free as loose; _idem calamo quod in + mente_: I call a spade a spade; _animis hæc scribo, non auribus_, + I respect matter, not words," &c.--Democritus Jr. to the Reader, + Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, Blake, MDCCCXXXVI. one vol. 8vo. + p. 11. + + C. FORBES. + + Temple. + +"_Tace is Latin for a Candle_" (Vol. i., p. 385.; Vol. ii., p. +45.).--Your correspondent H. B. C. states that the earliest use he has +met with of this phrase is in Dean Swift's _Polite Conversation_, +written, as appears by the preface, about 1731; but he will find, in +Dampier's _Voyages_, the same phrase in use in 1686, or perhaps earlier: +not having the work itself at hand, I cannot refer him to the passage, +but he will find it quoted in the _United Service Journal_ for 1837, +Part III. p. 11. + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica, Oct. 1851. + +_Collars of SS._ (Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236.).--With reference to the +different notices that have appeared in your pages respecting effigies +bearing the collar of SS, and especially in compliance with the desire +expressed by MR. E. FOSS, that information should be sent to you of any +effigy that might be met with having this distinction, I beg to state +that in the church of St. Mary, Ruabon, Denbighshire, there is a finely +executed high tomb of alabaster, bearing the effigies of "John ap Ellis +Eyton" and of his lady "Elizabeth Chalfrey Ellis Eyton;" the former +deceased A.D. 1524, and the latter A.D. 1527. The knight wears the +collar of SS, to which is suspended a rose-shaped ornament, and is +stated to have been at the battle of Bosworth, and, for his services on +that day, to have been granted by Henry VII. what lands he chose. The +knight's gauntlets lie together on his right side, and his feet rest +against a lion. + + G. J. R. G. + + Pen-y-lau, Ruabon. + +_Locusts of the New Testament_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255. 351.).--In reference +to the word ἀκρὶς, which has given rise to so much discussion +in your very valuable periodical, may I be permitted to observe that the +pâtois spoken in this town (Nice = Nizza = Nicæa, founded by the +Phocæans, expelled their Asian abode by Harpagus; Strabo, l. 4. p. 184.; +Herod. i. 163.) bears many traces of its Greek origin. The tree which +answers to the "locust" is called by the peasantry _acroòb_; and in +order that you, or any of your correspondents, may observe its +similarity in every point to the Eastern tree, I have transmitted a +packet of its fruit to your office. I do not know whether Grimm's law +would authorise the antithesis of a _d_ for a _p_ sound, but every +student of Romaic will allow the tendency that _i_ and _o_ sounds have +for interchanging. This would give _acreed_, ακρίδ, the root of +ἀκρὶς. + + NICÆENSIS. + +_Theodolite_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--If your correspondent J. S. WOOD will +refer to Todd's _Johnson's Dictionary_, he will find the derivation of +the word thus-- + + "THEODOLITE (Fr. from θεῶ, Gr., contracted of θεάω, or θεάομαι, to + observe; and δολιχὸς, long. See Morin, _Fr. and Gr. Etym. Dict._), + a mathematical instrument for taking heights and distances." + + HENRY WILKINSON. + + Brompton, Nov. 15. 1851. + +"_A Posie of other Men's Flowers_" (Vol. iv., p. 211.).--Your +correspondent MR. C. FORBES appears anxious to know where Montaigne +speaks of "a posie of other men's flowers." I believe that there is an +error in confining Montaigne's idea thus exclusively to poetry, for I +presume the passage sought for is what I shall now quote; but if so, it +applies generally to any borrowed thought from an author embellished by +another: + + "La vérité et la raison sont communes à un chascun, et ne sont + plus à celui qui les adictes premièrement, qu'à qui les dict + aprez: ce n'est non plus selon Platon que selon moy, puisque luy + et moy l'entendons, et veoyons de mesme. _Les abeilles pillotent + deça delà les fleurs; mais elles en font aprez le miel, qui est + tout leur; ce n'est plus thym, ny mariolaine_; ainsi les pièces + empruntées d'aultruy, il les transformera et confondra pour en + faire un ouvrage tout sien, à scavoir son jugement," + &c.--_Essays_, livre i. chap. 25. + +I hope that this will satisfactorily answer your correspondent's +inquiry. + + J. R. + +_Voltaire_ (Vol. iii. p. 433.).--On the subject of _anagrams_, lately +adverted to by your correspondents, I not long since referred to that +which showed that the name of _Voltaire_, as adduced by me in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ a few years back, instead of being, as asserted +by Lord Brougham and others, that of an estate, was in fact the anagram +of his family patronymic, with the adjunct of l. j., or junior (le +jeune), to distinguish him from his elder brother. We see similarly the +President of the French National Assembly uniformly called "Dupin +l'aîné"; and his brother Charles, until created a Baron, always "Dupin +le jeune." Observing, therefore, that Voltaire was in reality Arouet le +jeune, or, as he signed it, Arouet l. j., and that the two letters u and +j were, until distinguished by the Elzevir, indiscriminately written v +and i, the anagram will thus be clearly proved: every letter, though +transposed, being equally in both:-- + + A R O V E T L J + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + + V O L T A I R E + 4 3 7 6 1 8 2 5 + +Although, as above mentioned, this unquestionable fact has already +appeared in another publication, and, indeed, likewise in the _Dublin +Review_ for June 1845 (both from me), yet the old mis-statement of this +celebrated personage's biographers still continued to be asserted, as it +has been in your own pages. This is my motive for now addressing you on +the matter. Voltaire, I may add, was a little partial to his paternal +name. To the Abbé Moussinot, his Parisian agent, he thus wrote on the +17th of May, 1741: + + "Je vous ai envoyé ma signature, dans laquelle j'ai oublié le nom + d'Arouet, que j'oublie assez volontiers." + +And, on another occasion: + + "Je vous renvoie d'autres parchemins, où se trouve ce nom, malgré + le peu de cas que j'en fais." + +Mixing with the higher classes of society, he wished, like them, to be +known by a territorial possession, and framed the name now resounding +through the world, prefixing to it the nobiliary particle, _De_. His +elder brother was named Armond, whose death preceded that of the younger +by thirty-seven years, 1741-1778; both were unmarried. Numerous, and +curious too, are the anagrams which my memory could furnish me. + + J. R. + +_Sinaïtic Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--The decipherer of these +inscriptions was the late Professor Beer of Berlin. T. D. will find his +alphabet, together with that of the Himyaritic inscriptions, and others +which resemble them, in Dr. (John) Wilson's _Lands of the Bible_. + + E. H. D. D. + +_Le Greene at Wrexham_ (Vol. iv., p. 371.).--A survey of the lordships +of Bromfield and Yale (within the former of which this town is +situated), made by Norden about the year 1620 for Charles I., then +Prince of Wales, has been preserved in the Harleian Collection in the +British Museum. The descriptive part is in Latin; but before the names +of the places and streets in this town the French article _le_ is used, +as Le highe street, Le hope street, Le church street, Le beast market, +Le greene. The larger part of this Le greene (now called "The Green") +has still grass growing upon it; and there is no tradition that either a +granary or corn-mill was ever situated there. + + [Pointing hand symbol] + + Wrexham. + +_Cross-legged Effigies_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--In the parish church of +Limington, Somerset, is a figure of a cross-legged knight, with his hand +on the hilt of his sword, as if about to draw it. The date of the +foundation of the chantry in which he lies is said to be 1329, and the +mouldings and windows appear to testify its correctness. + + [Hebrew: Beth.] + +_The Word Ἀδελφὸς_ (Vol. iv., p. 339.).--Your correspondent, +the Rev. T. R. BROWN, is right in acquiescing in the ordinary derivation +of ἀδελφὸς from ἀ and δέλφυς, but wrong, as I think, in +endeavouring to find cognate forms in the Indo-Germanic +languages. The fact is, that the word is solely and peculiarly Greek. +The Sanscrit word for brother is, as every body knows, _bhratri_ (Latin, +_frater_, &c.); and that this form was not entirely unknown to the +Hellenic races, is evidenced by their use of φράτρα, or +φράτρη, in various senses, all of which may easily be reduced +to the one common idea of brotherhood. How it happened that the word +φρατὴρ was lost in Greek, and ἀδελφὸς substituted, +we think we can satisfactorily explain, and, if so, the elucidation will +make clearer an interesting point in Greek manners. It appears that +they, in common with some Eastern nations, looked upon the relationship +between brothers of the same mother as much closer in blood than that in +which the brothers were related through the father alone; and hence the +well-known law forbidding ἀδελφοὶ ὁμομητρίοι _alone_ to +marry. In the same manner we find Abraham (Gen. xx. 12.) using a similar +excuse for marrying Sarah: + + "And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my + father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my + wife." + +It is not difficult, therefore, to understand how this notion prevailing +among the Greeks, might lead them to frame a new word from ἀ +and δέλφυς, to express the uterine relation of brothers, which +would soon in common use supplant the older Indo-German term φρατὴρ. +For further reasons which may have influenced the dropping of +the word φρατὴρ, I would refer to a learned article on +"Comparative Philology" in the last number of the _Edinburgh Review_, by +Dr. Max Müller. + +With regard to the derivations suggested by MR. BROWN from the Hebrew, +Arabic, &c., I think I am justified in laying down as a rule that no +apparent similarity between words in the Semitic and Asian families can +be used to establish a real identity, the two classes of language being +radically and fundamentally distinct. + + J. B. + +_Finger Pillories_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--Meeting recently with a person +who, although illiterate, is somewhat rich in oral tradition and local +folk lore, I inquired if he had ever seen such a thing as that described +by MR. LAWRENCE. He replied that he had not, but that he had frequently +heard of these "stocks," as he called them, and that he believed they +were used in "earlier days" for the purpose of inflicting _penance_ upon +those parishioners who absented themselves from mass for any lengthened +period. My informant illustrated his explanation with a "traditionary" +anecdote (too fabulous to trouble you with), which had been the means of +imparting the above to him. Whether correct or not, however, I must +leave others to determine. + + J. B. COLMAN. + + [Will our correspondent favour us with the tradition to which he + refers?] + +_Blackloana Heresis_ (Vol. iv., p. 239.).--The accounts given of +Blacklow and his religious heresy merely excite curiosity. Will no one +furnish some brief particulars of him and his proceedings? For what was +Peter Talbot famous, and where may his history be read? + + E. A. M. + +_Quaker Expurgated Bible._--A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (Vol. +iv., p. 412.) has answered my Query respecting this Bible in a manner +not very satisfactory. He says "no committee was ever appointed by the +Society of Friends" to publish such a Bible, and that the Society adopt +the English authorised version only. The authority from which I quoted +did not say that the committee had been appointed by the Society of +Friends, or that the object of the proposed publication was to supersede +the version authorised by the Church, which (as is well known) is +adopted, as your correspondent states, by the Society. What she states +is this:--That about four years ago a Committee of Friends intended to +publish such an edition of the Bible, for daily perusal in Friends' +families; and that a prospectus was printed, in which it was promised +that every passage of the Bible would be carefully expunged which was +unfit for reading aloud, and also those which might be called dangerous, +which the unlearned and unstable might wrest to their own destruction. + +My Query was, whether such a Bible was ever published, and whether any +of your correspondents could furnish a copy of the prospectus alluded +to? It is no answer to this to say, that the committee who proposed to +publish this Bible were not appointed by the Society of Friends, and +that the Friends applied to by your correspondent knew nothing of the +project. The authoress of the work I quoted has since been publicly +named, and if this query should meet her eye, perhaps she may be able to +give me the information I require. It is the more incumbent upon her to +do so, as the tone of your correspondent is evidently intended to throw +a doubt upon her veracity. + + T. + +"_Acu tinali merida_" (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--An ingenious friend has +suggested to me the following explanation of this passage: +Ἄκουε τὴν ἄλλην μερίδα. It is rendered almost certain by the words that come +immediately after, in the line quoted by C. W. G., _i.e._ "audi alteram +partem." I am unable, however, to point out the source from which the +Greek motto was derived. Perhaps some of your readers will solve this +ulterior question. + + C. H. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +What the Laureate of the day, inspired by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, +sang in 1748,-- + + "Th' Almighty hand, which first her shores secured + With rolling oceans, and with rocks immured, + Which spread her plains, and bade her flocks increase, + Designed Britannia for the Land of Peace; + Where Commerce only should exert her sway, + And musing Science trim th' unfading bay"-- + +was in 1851 recognised by the whole civilised world, not as a poetical +fiction, but as a practical, we had almost said a political, truth. +Hence the Crystal Palace, that glorious Temple of Concord, which those +potent genii Fox and Henderson, at the bidding of the arch-magician +Paxton, raised before our eyes, to put to shame the visionary glories of +the _Arabian Nights_;--and hence the avidity with which, like +ministering sprites, all the great manufacturers and producers, artists +and artizans, vied with each other in assembling beneath its fairy dome +the masterpieces of their respective skill, ingenuity, and science. +Hence, too, the unfading interest with which, day after day, from May +until October, did thousands upon thousands press forward to gaze upon a +scene unparalleled in the world's history, whether for costliness of +display or moral grandeur. + +Of such an event--of such a scene, which it was acknowledged fairly +represented the productive genius of the whole world, all may well +desire to preserve some remembrance; and whatever may be the fate of the +Crystal Palace, the great gathering of the nations which assembled under +its roof has found an imperishable monument in the three handsome octavo +volumes which form _The Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue +of the Great Exhibition_, 1851. In this great and useful record--the raw +materials for which were furnished by no fewer than _fifteen thousand +authors_--we have not only an account of every article exhibited, +accompanied in many instances by valuable notes from the ablest +scientific pens, pointing out the leading features of interest in the +objects described--which annotations again are rendered still more +valuable by the twelve hundred woodcut illustrations which are scattered +through these pages,--but we have also Mr. Cole's valuable Historical +Introduction, illustrating the Rise of the Exhibition, its Progress and +Completion; Mr. Digby Wyatt's able account of the Construction of the +Building and of the mechanical applications employed; and Mr. Ellis' +interesting description of the Revision and Preparation of the +Catalogue; when we add that it contains, moreover, all sorts of Indices +and Lists for facilitating references--our readers will, we think, agree +with us that this most complete, instructive, and extraordinary +Catalogue may fairly be regarded as _An Encyclopædia of the Industry of +all Nations in 1851_, and as such should find a place not only in every +factory and workshop, but in every study and educational establishment +within the realm. To meet the requirements of those who cannot purchase +the _Illustrated Catalogue_, Messrs. Spicer have issued a corrected and +improved edition of the _Official Catalogue, with Alphabetical Indices +of Names and Subjects, and British and Foreign Priced Lists_: while to +enable the non-scientific reader to understand, and to furnish the +scientific reader with the results, or, as we might term it, a +summing-up of the details to be found in the works already described, +they commissioned Mr. Robert Hunt to prepare a _Handbook to the Official +Catalogues; an Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and +Manufactures of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations_, +1851; and that gentleman has so ably executed his task, that, though +some who may only wish for general views and impressions may content +themselves with his _Handbook_, the majority of the purchasers of the +larger Catalogues must secure Mr. Hunt's interesting volume as an +indispensable companion to them. + +When we read the announcement that Mr. Planché was about to publish _The +Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded upon Facts_, we looked for a +work in which good common sense and sound antiquarian knowledge would be +found applied to an important branch of historical learning, which has +been too often followed by men whose disregard of the former, and want +of the latter gift, have done much to justify Voltaire's biting sarcasm +upon heraldry. Nor have we been disappointed. The work is one of facts +rather than of inferences; and although the accomplished gentleman now +at the head of the College of Arms, to whom, "as an able antiquary and +worthy man," the work is most appropriately dedicated, may probably +dissent from some of Mr. Planché's views, he will, we are sure, admit +that they are cautiously advanced, and maintained with learning and +ability; and that the _Pursuivant of Arms_, with its numerous woodcut +illustrations drawn from old seals, monuments, &c., is a valuable +contribution towards a more perfect knowledge of heraldic antiquities. + +Few books of travels in the East have excited greater attention, on +their first appearance, or maintained their popularity for a longer +period, than the lively volume entitled _Eothen_. In selecting it, +therefore, for the Eleventh and Twelfth Parts of _The Traveller's +Library_, Messrs. Longman have shown their determination to maintain the +interest of that excellent series of cheap books. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--C. Skeet's (21. King William Street, Strand) +Catalogue No. 3. of Old and New Books; W. Lumley's (56. Chancery Lane) +Bibliographical Advertiser No. 9., Ninth Series; E. Stibbs's (331. +Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books; W. S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Seventy-fifth Catalogue of English, +Foreign, Classical and Miscellaneous Cheap Second-hand Books; and +Supplementary Catalogue of Italian Books. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a +copy. + +FLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of +his works. + +BEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS. + +LAW'S APPEAL, &c. + +LAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON. + +HUNTER'S DEANERY OF DONCASTER. Vol. I. Large or small paper. + +CLARE'S RURAL MUSE. + +CHRISTIAN PIETY FREED FROM THE DELUSIONS OF MODERN ENTHUSIASTS. A.D. +1756 or 1757. + +AN ANSWER TO FATHER HUDDLESTONE'S SHORT AND PLAIN WAY TO THE FAITH AND +CHURCH. By Samuel Grascombe. London, 1703. 8vo. + +REASONS FOR ABROGATING THE TEST IMPOSED UPON ALL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. +by Samuel Parker, Lord Bishop of Oxon. 1688. 4to. + +LEWIS'S LIFE OF CAXTON. 8vo. 1737. + +CATALOGUE OF JOSEPH AMES'S LIBRARY. 8vo. 1760. + +TRAPP'S COMMENTARY. Folio. Vol. I. + +WHITLAY'S PARAPHRASE ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. Folio. Vol. I. 1706. + +LONG'S ASTRONOMY. 4to. 1742. + +ADAMS' MORAL TALES. + +AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. JOHNSON. 1805. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. _In compliance with the suggestion of several +correspondents, that the space now occupied by our enumeration of +catalogues published during the week might be filled with information of +greater interest to our readers, such announcements will in future be +discontinued._ + +O. S. _The passage_-- + + "Finds tongues in trees," &c. + +_is in Shakspeare's_ As You Like It, Act II. Scene 1. + +W. S. (Linwood). _The_ History of Napoleon _in the_ Family Library _was +written by Mr. Lockhart._ + +MR. FENTON'S _Query was received, and, as we thought, inserted. It shall +be attended to._ + +DRYASDUST'S _Query respecting the "Crucifix" appeared in our last +Number_, p. 422. + +_A copy of_ D'ARBLAY'S DIARY, Vol. II., _has been reported, and may be +had of the Publisher._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Coins of Vabalathus--Crosses and Crucifixes--Mrs. +Mary Anne Clarke--Coke, how pronounced--Freemasonry--Calendar of +Knights--Ellrake--Isabel of Man--Cromwell Estates--Jonah and the Whale, +&c.--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Locust Tree--Story in Jeremy +Taylor--Deep Well near Banstead Downs--Erroneous Scripture +Quotations--Crowns have their Compass--Presant Family--Dido and Æneas, +&c.--Earwig--Passage in Virgil--Passage in Campbell--Bristol +Tables--Slums, &c.--Serpent with a Human Head--Abigail--Hogarth and +Cooper._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + +_Erratum._--Vol. iv. p. 429. col. i. 1. 15. for "works of" read "works +of two of." + + + + +THE ART JOURNAL FOR JANUARY 1852. + + Circulation guaranteed at 30,000. + + Advertisements for January should be addressed to MR. CLARK, "Art + Journal Office," 8. Wellington Street North, ON OR BEFORE THE + THIRTEENTH INSTANT. + + +SEASONABLE GIFT-BOOK FOR THE YOUNG. + + Just published, fcap. 8vo., cloth, with Steel Engravings, price + 4_s._ 6_d._ + + THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS, and OTHER TALES. By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY. + Dedicated to her Children. + + "Approaching in tone and tendency to the Faëry Tales of Andersen. + Most commendable as a faëry book, with a beautiful Frontispiece + Illustration by an amateur artist, Miss L. E. + Barker."--_Athenæum._ + + "A very pretty little book, showing a great deal of talent and + originality. Indeed, the children are so real, so like our own + small friends and acquaintance in all their ways and sayings, that + it gives an additional quaintness to the story to find them, + subject to the influence of fairies. The lessons are all + admirable."--_The Monthly Packet._ + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + +Just published, No. 14. price 2_s._ 6_d._ imperial 4to., + + DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing + examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect. + + CONTENTS. + + E.E. Side Elevation and Section, South Porch, + West Walton Church, Norfolk. + " Details of Pinnacle from ditto ditto. + " Window, Binham Priory, Norfolk. + " Door. ditto ditto. + DEC. Diaper work from Winchelsea. + + (Continued Monthly.) + + London: D. BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. + + +NEW WORK BY DR. R. G. LATHAM. + + This day, demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth, + + THE GERMANIA OF TACITUS; with Ethnological Dissertations and + Notes. By Dr. R. G. LATHAM, Author of the "English Language," &c. + + London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street; and + 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. + + +CHEAP FOREIGN BOOKS. + + Just published, post free, one stamp, + + WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S SECOND-HAND CATALOGUE, No. 4. Literature, + History, Travels, German Language, Illustrated Books, Art, + Architecture, and Ornament. 600 Works at very much reduced prices. + + WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S GERMAN BOOK CIRCULARS. New Books and Books + reduced in price. No. 28. Theology, Classics, Oriental and + European Languages, General Literature. No. 29. Sciences, Natural + History, Medicine, Mathematics, &c. + + [Star symbol] Gratis on application. + + WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. + + +NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. + + YEAST: A PROBLEM. By CHARLES KINGSLEY, Rector of Eversley. Cheaper + Edition. 5_s._ + + LEAVES FROM THE NOTE-BOOK OF A NATURALIST. By W. J. BRODERIP, + F.R.S., Author of "Zoological Recreations." Post 8vo. + + ON THE STUDY OF WORDS. Five Lectures addressed to the Pupils at + the Diocesan Training School, Winchester. By R. CHENEVIX TRENCH, + B.D., Professor of Divinity, King's College. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + ARUNDINES CAMI, sive MUSARUM CANTABRIGIENSIUM LUSUS CANORI; + collegit atque edidit HENRICUS DRURY, M.A. Fourth Edition. 12_s._ + + THE OLD TESTAMENT.--Nineteen Sermons on the First Lessons for the + Sundays between Septuagesima Sunday and the First Sunday after + Trinity. By F. D. MAURICE, M.A., Professor of Divinity, King's + College. 6_s._ + + THE KINGDOM of CHRIST. By R. WHATELEY, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin. + Fifth Edition, 8vo. 8_s._ + + HISTORY OF TRIAL BY JURY. By W. FORSYTH, M.A., late Fellow of + Trinity College, Cambridge, Author of "Hortensius." 8vo. + + BABYLON AND JERUSALEM; a Letter addressed to Ida, Countess of + Hahn-Hahn. From the German. With a Preface by the Translator. + 2_s._ 6_d._ + + PEARSON'S LECTURES ON THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AND ANNALS OF ST. + PAUL. Edited in English, with a few Notes, by J. R. CROWFOOT, + B.D., Divinity Lecturer of King's College, Cambridge. 4_s._ + + BIBLE COINS; Metallic Fac-similes of the Coins mentioned in Holy + Scripture. 2_s._ 6_d._ + + London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. West Strand. + + +BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER. + + NEANDER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. 5. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER. + + CICERO'S ORATIONS, literally translated by C. D. YONGE, M.A., + including all the ORATIONS AGAINST VERRES. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER. + + AGASSIZ AND GOULD'S COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, touching the Structure + and Development of the Races of Animals, living and extinct. + Enlarged by Dr. WRIGHT. Post 8vo., with 390 woodcuts. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR DECEMBER. + + SIR THOMAS BROWNE'S WORKS, edited by SIMON WILKIN, F.L.S. Vol. 1, + containing the VULGAR ERRORS. Post 8vo. Fine Portrait. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S CHEAP SERIES FOR DECEMBER. + + HAWTHORNE'S TWICE TOLD TALES. Post 8vo. Price 1_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +Water-Colour Drawings by the most eminent Modern Artists. + + SOUTHGATE AND BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms. 22. + Fleet Street, on Wednesday Evening, December 17, and following + Evening, at Six, the VERY VALUABLE COLLECTION of WATER-COLOUR + DRAWINGS of a well-known Collector, comprising some of the + choicest specimens of-- + + Callow Frith Nash + Cattermole Herbert Poole + Chambers Hills D. Roberts + S. Cooper Hunt Robson + Cotman Jenkins C. Stanfield + D. Cox Lance Topham + Dewint Martin J. M. W. Turner + Fripp Müller Harrison Weir + and other celebrated Artists. + + [Star symbol] Catalogues will be forwarded to Gentlemen favouring + S. & B. with their Address. + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER contains: 1. The Metamorphosis of +Apuleius. 2. Gleanings from the Irish Council Books. 3. The Duchess of +Angouleme. 4. Mediæval Art, as exemplified in the Exhibition of 1851. 5. +Autobiography of Lady Springett, one of the first Quakers. 6. Ulrich von +Hutten, Part IV. 7. Carlyle's Life of Sterling. 8. William Wyon and his +Works (with a Portrait). 9. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. 10. Notes +of the Month. With Miscellaneous Reviews, Antiquarian Intelligence, +Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Right Hon. +Charles Hope, Hon. Thomas Kenyon, J. H. Tremayne, Esq., Rev. Charles +Gutzlaff, &c. &c. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ + + NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street. + + +ARNOLD'S INTRODUCTIONS TO GERMAN AND FRENCH. + + Now ready, in 12mo. price 5_s._ 6_d._, the Second Edition of + + THE FIRST GERMAN BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." + By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and + late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; and J. W. FRÄDERSDORFF, + Ph. Dr., of the Taylor-Institute, Oxford. + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Of whom may be had, + + 1. A KEY to the Exercises. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ + + 2. A READING COMPANION to the FIRST GERMAN BOOK, containing + extracts from the best Authors, with Vocabulary and Explanatory + Notes. By the SAME EDITORS. Price 4_s._ + + 3. HANDBOOK of GERMAN VOCABULARY. Price 4_s._ + + 4. THE FIRST FRENCH BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin + Book." By the Rev. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A. Price 5_s._ 6_d._ + + "Mr. Arnold has succeeded in preparing a work admirably adapted to + meet the wants of English students of the French language. The + philosophical explanation of the changes of consonants, together + with the frequent references to Latin words and idioms by way of + illustration and comparison, render it far superior as a + school-book to any other introduction, even from the pen of a + native writer. The sound principles of imitation and repetition + which have secured for the author a reputation widely extended and + well deserved are here happily exemplified. His account of the + differences of idiom is very satisfactory and complete: whoever + thoroughly masters it, will rarely want any thing further on the + subject."--_Athenæum._ + + 5. A KEY to the Exercises, by M. DELILLE. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ + + 6. HANDBOOK of FRENCH VOCABULARY. Price 4_s._ 6_d._ + + +NEW NUMBER OF MR. ARNOLD'S THEOLOGICAL CRITIC. + + Now ready, price 4_s._; (by post, 4_s._ 6_d._); the Fourth Number of + + THE THEOLOGICAL CRITIC; a Quarterly Journal. Edited by the Rev. + THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow + of Trinity College, Cambridge. + + This Journal embraces Theology in its widest acceptation, and + several articles of each Number are devoted to Biblical Criticism. + + CONTENTS.--1. Scipio de Ricci (_concluded_).--2. Galatians iii. + 19, 20.--3. On the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.--4. + On ἐφ' ᾧ in the New Testament.--5. Schmidt's Cathari, + or Albigenses.--6. Cycles of Egyptian Chronology.--7. The Madonna + of Ancona.--8. The Septuagint Version an Authentic and Valuable + Tradition.--9. Mesmerism.--10. "Things New and Old."--Notices of + Books received.--Contents of the Theological Journals. + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Now ready, The FIRST VOLUME, price 16_s._ 6_d._ + + +In royal 8vo. with a Plan and Sixteen Plates of Antiquities, price +12_s._ cloth, + + EBURACUM; or YORK UNDER THE ROMANS, by C. WELLBELOVED. + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN & CO.; York: R. SUNTER and H. SOTHERAN. + + +Now ready, Two New Volumes of + + THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD + FOSS, F.S.A. + + Volume Three, 1272-1377. Volume Four, 1377-1485. + + Lately published, price 14_s._ each, cloth, + + Volume One, 1066-1199. Volume Two, 1199-1272. + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE +BUILDINGS. + + Established 1806. + Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._ + Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._ + Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._ + + _President._ + The Right Honourable EARL GREY. + + _Directors._ + The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_. + Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_. + Henry B. Alexander, Esq. + George Dacre, Esq. + William Judd, Esq. + Sir Richard D. King, Bart. + The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird + Thomas Maugham, Esq. + William Ostler, Esq. + Apsley Pellatt, Esq. + George Round, Esq. + Frederick Squire, Esq. + William Henry Stone, Esq. + Capt. William John Williams. + + J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_. + + _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. 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Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of + Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions + to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful + to all Clergymen, price in cloth 3_s._ or 5_s._ as a pocket-book + with tuck. + + THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will + contain, in addition to the more than usual contents of an + Almanack for Family Use, a List of the Universities of the United + Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the + various Colleges connected with the Church of England, Roman + Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete + List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of + the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is + added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of + Council on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for + Teachers; compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six + pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; + Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat + wrapper. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +CAB FARE MAP.--H. WALKER'S CAB FARE and GUIDE MAP of LONDON contains all +the principal streets marked in half-miles, each space adding 4_d._ to +the fare, the proper charge is instantly known; also an abstract of the +Cab Laws, luggage, situation of the cab stands, back fares, lost +articles, &c. Price 1_s._ coloured; post free 2_d._ extra.--1. Gresham +Street West, and all Booksellers. + + +THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. + + The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. + The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " + The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Fine True Ripe Rich + Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " + + 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by + + PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS, No. 8. King William Street, City, + London. + + +LEXICA + + ON SALE AT WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S. + + =Anglo-Saxon.=--ETTMUELLER (L.), LEXICON ANGLO-SAXONICUM cum + Synopsis Grammatica. Royal 8vo. 1851, 12_s._ + + =Arabic.=--FREYTAG (G. W.) LEXICON ARABICO-LATINUM acced. Index + Vocum Latinarum. 4 vols. 4to. 2_l._ 5_s._ + + ---- Abridged in one volume. 4to. 16_s._ + + =Armenian.=--AZARIAN (A. and S.), ARMENIAN, ITALIAN, GREEK, and + TURKISH DICTIONARY. Royal 8vo. 1848. 18_s._ + + =Bohemian= and GERMAN POCKET DICTIONARY, by JORDAN. 18mo. 1847. + 3_s._ 6_d._ + + =Chinese.=--SCHOTT, VOCABULARIUM SINICUM. 4to. 1844. 4_s._ + + =Coptic.=--PARTHEY (G.), VOCABULARIUM COPTICO-LAT. et LAT.-COPT. + 8vo. 1844 16_s._ + + ---- PEYRON, LEXICON LING. COPTICÆ. 4to. 1835. 2_l._ 2_s._ + + =Danish.=--FERRALL and REPPS, DANISH and ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Sq. + 8vo. 1845. 7_s._ + + ---- ENGLISH and ENGLISH-DANISH POCKET DICTIONARY. 18mo. 3_s._ + 6_d._ + + =Dutch.=--BOMHOFF, DICTIONARY of the DUTCH and ENGLISH LANGUAGES. + 2 thick vols. 12mo. boards, 1851. 20_s._ + + ---- The same abridged in one volume. 1848. 15_s._ + + =Finnish.=--RENVALLI (G.), LEXICON LINGUÆ FINNICÆ cum interpret. + Latin. copios. brev. German. 2 vols. in 1, 4to. Aboe, 1826. 21_s._ + + =Flemish.=--OLINGER, DICTIONNAIRE FLAMAND-FRANCAIS et + FRANCAIS-FLAMAND. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 1842. 24_s._ + + =French.=--BOISTE, DICTIONNAIRE UNIVERSELLE de la LANGUE + FRANCAISE, avec le Latine et l'Etymologie. 4to. 1847. 18_s._ + + ---- FLEMMING AND TIBBINS, GRAND ENGLISH and FRENCH, and FRENCH and + ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 thick volumes, imp. 4to. 2_l._ 12_s._ 6_d._ + + =Frisian.=--RICHTHOFEN (K. v.), ALTFRIESISCHES WÖRTERBUCH. 4to. + 1840. (Published at 20_s._), 8_s._ + + =German.=--ADELUNG, WÖRTERBUCH der HOCHDEUTSCHEN MUNDART. 4 vols. + royal 8vo. 1793-1802. (Published at 35_s._), 21_s._ + + ---- HEYSE, HANDWÖRTERBUCH der DEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. Complete in 3 + thick vols. 8vo. 1833-49. 24_s._ + + =German-English.=--HILPERT'S GERMAN and ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 4 + vols. 4to. Strongly half-bound morocco (publ. at 4_l._ 12_s._), + 3_l._ 12_s._ + + ---- The ENGLISH-GERMAN PART. 2 vols. 4to. Half-bound morocco, in + one volume, 1_l._ 8_s._ + + ---- The GERMAN-ENGLISH PART. 2 vols. 4to. Half-bound morocco, in + one volume, 2_l._ 8_s._ + + ---- FLUGEL'S OWN ENLARGED GERMAN and ENGLISH DICTIONARY, + containing Forty Thousand Words more than the late London or any + other edition. 2 very thick vols. 8vo. Cloth lettered. Leipsic. + (Published in Germany at 2_l._ 5_s._), 1_l._ 11_s._ 6_d._ + + =Gothic.=--GABELENTZ u. LOEBE, GLOSSARIUM der GOTHISCHEN SPRACHE. + 4to. 1843. 13_s._ 6_d._ + + ---- SCHULZE, GOTHISCHES GLOSSAR mit Vorrede v. JAC. GRIMM. 4to. + 1848. 18_s._ + + =Greek.=--BENFEY, GRIECHISCHES WURZEL-LEXICON. 2 vols. 8vo. + 1839-42. (Publ. at 27_s._), 13_s._ 6_d._ + + ---- PLANCHÉ, DICTIONNAIRE GREC-FRANCAIS. Composé sur le Thesaurus + de H. Etienne. Royal 8vo. cloth, 1845. 17_s._ 6_d._ + + =Greek (Modern).=--SCHMIDT, DICTIONNAIRE + GREC-MODERNE--FRANCAIS--ALLEMAND. 8vo. 1838. 8_s._ + + =Hebrew; Chaldae.=--GESENIUS, LEXICON MANUALE HEBRÆIC. et CHALD. + Ed. 2. Royal 8vo. 1848. 14_s._ 6_d._ + + ---- GESENIUS, THESAURUS PHILOLOG. CRIT. LING. HEBRÆÆ et CHALDEÆ. + Vols. I. to III. Part I. (all out). 4to. 1828-42 (Publ. at 3_l._ + 4_s._), 1_l._ 15_s._ + + ---- KIMCHI (RAB. DAV.) RADICUM LIBER, seu Hebræum Bibliorum + Lexicon. 4to. 1848. 15_s._ + + =Hungarian.=--BLOCH, UNGARISCH u. DEUTSCHES WÖRTERBUCH 2 vols. + 8vo. 1848. 12_s._ + + =Icelandic.=--HALDERSON (B.), LEXICON, ISLANDICO-LATINO-DANICUM + cur. RASK. 2 vols. 4to. 1814. 1_l._ 9_s._ + + =Illyrian.=--VOLTIGGI, ILLYRIAN ITALIAN-GERMAN DICTIONARY and + GRAMMAR. 610 pages. 8vo. Vienna. 6_s._ 6_d._ + + =Italian.=--BUTTURA, DICTIONNAIRE ITALIEN-FRANÇAIS et FRANÇ.-ITAL. + 2 vols. 8vo. 1832. 10_s._ + + =Jakutsh.=--BÖHTLINGK (O.), WÖRTERBUCH, GRAMMATIK, TEXT ÜBER DIE + SPRACHE DER JAKUTEN. 4to. Petersb. 1851. 20_s._ + + =Japanese.=--PFIZMAIER, WÖRTERBUCH DER JAPANES. SPRACHE. + (Japanese-German-English). Part I. Fol. 1851. 23_s._ + + =Javanese.=--GERICKE, JAVAANSCH-NEDERDUITSCH WOORDENBOEK uitg. d. + T. ROORDA. Royal 8vo. bds. 1848. 2_l._ 5_s._ + + =Lapland.=--IHRE, LEXICON LAPPONICUM, Gramm. Lapp. auct. 4to. + 1780. 30_s._ + + =Latin.=--FREUND (W.), WÖRTERBUCH DER LATEIN. SPRACHE. 4 vols. + royal 8vo. (5,000 pages). 1846. (Publ. at 4_l._) 2_l._ 6_s._ + + =Lithuanian.=--NESSELMANN, WÖRTERBUCH DER LITTHAUISCHEN SPRACHE. + Royal 8vo. 1851. 10_s._ 6_d._ + + =Malay.=--WILDE (A. de), NEDERL. MALAEISCH-SONDASCH. WOERDENBOEK. + 8vo. 1841. 10_s._ 6_d._ + + =Mongol.=--SCHMIDT, MONGOLISCH-DEUTSCH-RUSSISCH. WÖRTERBUCH. 4to. + 1835. 1_l._ 8_s._ + + =Norse.=--AASEN (J.), ORDBOG over det NORSKE FOLKESPROG. Royal + 8vo. 1850. 10_s._ + + =Ossetic.=--SJÖGREN, OSSETISCH-DEUTSCH u. DEUTSCH-OSSETISCHES + WÖRTERBUCH, mit Grammatik. 4to. Petersb. 1844. 12_s._ + + =Persian.=--SAMACHSCHARI, LEXICON ARABICUM-PERSICUM atque + INDICEM ARABICUM, adj. WETZSTEIN. 4to. bds. 1850. 27_s._ + + =Polish-English= and ENGLISH-POLISH DICTIONARY, compiled from + Linde, Mrongovius, &c. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 1851. 20_s._ + + =Polyglot.=--REEHORST, POLYGLOT MARINER'S and MERCHANT'S + DICTIONARY, in English, Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, French, + Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian. Obl. 8vo. (Publ. at + 20_s._) 5_s._ + + =Russian.=--HEYM, DICTIONNAIRE RUSSE, FRANÇAIS et ALLEMANDE. + Second Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. 1844. 1_l._ 7_s._ + + ---- RUSSIAN-ENGLISH and ENGLISH-RUSSIAN POCKET-DICTIONARY. 1846. + 3_s._ 6_d._ + + =Sanscrit.=--BOPP (F.), GLOSSARIUM SANSCRITUM COMPARATIV. 4to. + 1847. 20_s._ + + ---- WESTERGAARD, RADICES LINGUÆ SANSCRITÆ. Royal 8vo. 1841. + (Publ. at 34_s._) 12_s._ + + =Slavonic (Old).=--NICKLOSICH (F.), LEXICON LINGUÆ SLOVENICÆ + VETERIS DIALECTI. 4to. 1850. 12_s._ + + =Swedish= and ENGLISH POCKET-DICTIONARY. 16mo. 1845. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + =Syriac.=--CASTELLI, LEXICON SYRIACUM, ed. MICHAELIS. 2 vols. 4to. + 1788. (Publ. at 22_s._ 6_d._) 6_s._ + + =Teutonic.=--GRAFF, ALTHOCHDEUTSCHER SPRACHSCHATZ od. WÖRTERBUCH + der ALTDEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. 7 vols. 4to. (Publ. at 7_l._) 2_l._ + 12_s._ 6_d._ + + ---- MEIDINGER, DICTIONNAIRE COMPARATIF et ETYMOLOGIQUE des + LANGUES TEUTO-GOTHIQUES. Royal 8vo. 1836. 12_s._ + + ---- ZIEMANN (A.) MITTELHOCHDEUTSCHES WÖRTERBUCH, nebst gram. + Einleitung. Royal. 8vo. 1828. (Publ. at 17_s._ 6_d._) 8_s._ + + =Tibetan.=--SCHMIDT, TIBETANISCH-DEUTSCHES WÖRTERBUCH. 4to. + Petersb. 1841. 28_s._ + + 14. HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. + + +NEW EDITIONS. + + I. + + A New Edition of + + THE POETICAL WORKS OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, including the "Lord of the + Isles," and a variety of other Copyright Poetry, contained in no + other Pocket Edition. With a Life of Scott, and Illustrations on + Wood and Steel. 12mo. handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, + 5_s._, or large paper, with additional Engravings, 6_s._ 6_d._ + + II. + + A New Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The + Tales of a Grandfather." 12mo., illustrated by numerous Engravings + on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, gilt leaves, 4_s._ + + III. + + A New Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The + Tales of a Grandfather." 3 vols. 12mo., illustrated by numerous + Engravings on Wood and Steel, and handsomely bound in cloth, + 12_s._, extra cloth, gilt edges, 15_s._ + + IV. + + Three volumes in one, profusely illustrated, cloth, gilt edges, + 7_s._ Separate volumes, cloth, gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._ + + READINGS FOR THE YOUNG. Selected from the Works of Sir WALTER + SCOTT, containing + + 1. Tales of Chivalry and the Olden Time. + 2. Historical and Romantic Narratives. + 3. Scottish Scenes and Characters. + + V. + + An Illustrated Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF PALESTINE, by DR. KITTO. From the Patriarchal Age + to the present time, with introductory chapters on the Geography + and Natural History of the Country, and on the Customs and + Institutions of the Hebrews. 12mo. Illustrated by upwards of 200 + Engravings on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, 6_s._, or + with gilt leaves, 6_s._ 6_d._ + + VI. + + A Second Edition of + + VIEWS OF CANADA AND THE COLONISTS. Embracing the Experience of an + Eight Years' Residence; Views of the Present State, Progress, and + Prospects of the Colony; with detailed and practical Information + for intending Emigrants. By JAS. B. BROWN. Small 8vo., with a Map, + price 4_s._ 6_d._ + + RECENTLY PUBLISHED. + + In a thick and closely-printed volume, price 16_s._ The Fourth + Edition of + + THE WEALTH OF NATIONS, by ADAM SMITH, LL.D. With a Life Of the + Author, Notes, and Supplemental Dissertations, by J. R. M'CULLOCH, + Esq. + + This edition contains elaborate NOTES ON OUR MONETARY SYSTEM, + REPEAL of the CORN and NAVIGATION LAWS, our COLONIAL POLICY, &c. + + The INDEX extends to fifty closely-printed pages, affording + facilities in the consultation of the work which no other edition + possesses to nearly so great an extent. + + "Adam Smith's errors, when he fell into any, are corrected: most + of the improvements made in his science since his time are + recorded; and the work is not only adapted to our age, but is a + history of past aberrations, and of the progress towards truth. + Mr. M'Culloch's great attainments are too well known to make any + work he publishes require any other notice or recommendation than + such a brief description as we have now given of the contents of + this."--_Economist._ + + In two volumes, price 3_l._, illustrated by 554 Engravings on + Wood, besides Maps, and Views on Steel, + + A CYCLOPÆDIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE. By JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A., + &c. &c. Assisted by forty able Scholars and Divines, British, + Continental, and American, whose initials are affixed to their + respective Contributions. + + "Among the contributors are to be recognised the names of many of + the most distinguished Biblical Scholars, both British and + Foreign. It is not, therefore, too much to say, that this + Cyclopædia surpasses every Biblical Dictionary which has preceded + it, and that it leaves nothing to be desired in such a work which + can throw light on the criticism, interpretation, history, + geography, archæology, and physical science of the + Bible."--_Horne's Introduction to the Critical Study of the + Scriptures._ + + In a beautifully printed volume, 8vo., price 10_s._ 6_d._, + illustrated by 336 Engravings on Wood, + + A CYCLOPÆDIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE FOR THE PEOPLE. By JOHN KITTO, + D.D., F.S.A., &c. This Work is studiously accommodated to the + wants of the great body of the religious public. It forms a + Popular Digest of the contents of the Two-volume Work, and + possesses the same superiority over Popular Dictionaries of its + class as the Original Work confessedly does over those which + aspire to higher erudition. To Parents, to Sunday School Teachers, + to Missionaries, and to all engaged, either statedly or + occasionally, in the important business of Biblical Education, the + volume is confidently recommended as "at once the most valuable + and the cheapest compendium of Bible Knowledge for the People + which has ever appeared in this country." + + In a handsome volume, strongly half-bound in morocco, with gilt + leaves, price 2_l._ 16_s._, + + BLACK'S GENERAL ATLAS OF THE WORLD. New Edition, Revised and + Corrected throughout, with Numerous additional Maps, and an Index + of 60,000 Names. + + The work is in every respect accommodated to the present advanced + state of geographical research, and whether on the ground of + Accuracy, Beauty of Execution, or Cheapness, the Publishers invite + a comparison with any work of its class. + + "We are now in possession of an 'Atlas' which comprehends every + discovery of which the present century can boast. It ought at once + to supersede all other works of the kind, and we earnestly + recommend those who are entrusted with the duty of education to + accept it as their standard of correctness."--_United Service + Gazette_, February 22, 1851. + + In one thick volume, 8vo., double columns, price 12_s._, the Tenth + Edition of + + A DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, DESIGNED FOR POPULAR USE. Containing an + Account of Diseases and their Treatment, including those most + frequent in Warm Climates; with Directions for Administering + Medicines; the Regulation of Diet and Regimen; and the Management + of the Diseases of Women and Children. By ALEXANDER MACAULAY, + M.D., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and + Physician Accoucheur to the New Town Dispensary. + + "Just such a work as every head of a family ought to have on his + book-shelf."--_Brighton Herald._ + + "If sterling merit might be the passport to success, this work + will obtain the most extensive celebrity."--_Bath Herald._ + + "Calculated to accomplish all that could be wished in a Popular + System of Medicine."--_Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal._ + + "We have seen nothing of the kind better adapted for + consultation."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "Decidedly the most useful book of the kind that has yet been + offered to the public."--_Caledonian Mercury._ + + ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, Edinburgh; and sold by all Booksellers. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 6, 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | + | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | + | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | + | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | + | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +110, December 6, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/39338-0.zip b/old/39338-0.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d90f1e --- /dev/null +++ b/old/39338-0.zip diff --git a/old/39338-8.txt b/old/39338-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..383b423 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/39338-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4635 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, +December 6, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, December 6, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 1, 2012 [EBook #39338] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in +brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on +top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs +indicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has +been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 110. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6. 1851. + +Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + The Aborigines of St. Domingo, by Henry H. Breen 433 + + Mitigation of Capital Punishment to a Forger, by + Alfred Gatty 434 + + Passage in Jeremy Taylor 435 + + Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple 435 + + Folk Lore:--Death Omen by Bees 436 + + The Caxton Coffer 436 + + Minor Notes:--Mental Almanac--Corruptions recognised + as acknowledged Words--Pasquinade--Epigram + on Erasmus--Etymology of London--Verses on + Shipmoney--Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna 436 + + QUERIES:-- + + Additional Queries respecting General James Wolfe 438 + + Christianity, when first introduced into Orkney 439 + + The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607 440 + + Minor Queries:--"The Don," a Poem--John Lord + Frescheville--Meaning of "Pallant"--Rectitudines + Singularum Personarum--Sir Henry Tichborne's + Journal--Round Towers at Bhaugulpore--Johannes + Trithemius--Races in which Children are named after + the Mothers--Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, + and Residents from Foreign Courts--Critolaus + and the Horatii and Curiatii--Cabal--"Thus said the + Ravens black"--Symbols in Painting--Latin Verse + on Franklin--General Moyle--Musical Compositions + of Matthew Dubourg--Collodion, and its Application + to Photography--Engraved Portrait--Lines by Lord + Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to + forgive her Son when on her Death-bed 441 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Kimmeroi, Cimbri, + Cymry--Dictionary of Musicians--City of London + Charter--St. Alkald 444 + + REPLIES:-- + + Plaids and Tartans 445 + + Religious Statistics 445 + + Royal Library 446 + + Damasked Linen 446 + + Vermin, Payments for Destruction of 447 + + Was Raleigh in Virginia? 448 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Bunting's Irish + Melodies--Colonies in England--"History of Anglesey," + &c.--The Lowey of Tunbridge--Praed's Works--John + à Cumber--Punishment of Prince Edward of + Carnarvon--Joceline's Legacy--Bristol Tables--Grimsdyke + or Grimesditch--Derivation of "Æra"--Scent of the + Bloodhound--Monk and Cromwell Families--"Truth is that + which a man troweth"--"Worse than a Crime"--Verses in + Classical Prose--Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru--Nolo + Episcopari--Hougoumont--Call a Spade, a Spade--"Tace is + Latin for a Candle"--Collars of SS.--Locusts of the New + Testament--Theodolite--"A Posie of other Men's + Flowers"--Voltaire--Sinaïtic Inscriptions--Le Greene + at Wrexham--Cross-legged Effigies--The Word Ἀδελφὸς + --Finger Pillories--Blackloana Heresis--Quaker + Expurgated Bible--"Acu tinali merida" 452 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 459 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 460 + + Notices to Correspondents 460 + + Advertisements 460 + + + + +Notes. + + +THE ABORIGINES OF ST. DOMINGO. + +Perhaps you will kindly permit me to have recourse to "NOTES AND +QUERIES" for the purpose of pointing out one or two errors in a letter +from Sir R. Schomburgk, which was read at the meeting of the British +Association on the 3rd July last, section of Geography and Ethnology. +This communication, entitled "Ethnological Researches in Santo Domingo," +and addressed to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, contains the +following statement: I quote from the _Athenæum_ of the 5th July:-- + + "The extirpation of the pure Indian race prevented me from making + comparative inquiries between the still existing tribes of Guiana, + and those that once inhabited St. Domingo. My researches were + therefore restricted to what history and the few and poor + monuments have transmitted to us of their customs and manners. + Their language lives only in the names of places, rivers, trees, + and fruits; but all combine in declaring that the people who + bestowed these names were identical with the Carib and Arawaak + tribes of Guiana." + +The last sentence in this passage is obviously erroneous. That the +aboriginal inhabitants of the great Antilles (Santo Domingo, Cuba, +Porto-Rico, and Jamaica,) were identical with, or descended from, the +Arawaaks of Guiana, is an opinion which has long prevailed, and which +the circumstances stated by Sir R. Schomburgk tend to confirm. Indeed, +they are described by most writers as Indians _or_ Arawaaks. But that +there was any identity between the Indians and the tribes known by the +name of Caribs, is an assertion totally at variance with the established +facts. In support, however, of this assertion, Sir R. Schomburgk appeals +to "history;" but what history, he does not state. I have perused, and +still possess, almost every work that was ever written on the history of +these islands; and they all lead to the conclusion, that the Indians of +Santo Domingo (also called Hispaniola and Haiti) were a totally distinct +race from the Caribs. The Indians were a mild, inoffensive people; the +Caribs a race of savages, some say, cannibals. The former were indolent +and effeminate; the latter fierce and warlike. In short, no two races +ever presented such a striking disparity, not only in their manners and +customs, but in their features and personal appearance. + +The second error into which Sir R. Schomburgk has fallen, is where he +says: + + "There are various proofs that the Caribs inhabited Santo Domingo; + among others, I found at the eastern point of the island, called + Junta Engaño, numerous heaps of conch shells." + +The fact is, that the Caribs were the mortal enemies of the Indians. +They were engaged with them in the fiercest warfare, and made frequent +depredatory incursions into Santo Domingo and the other large islands. +But they never formed any settlements in those islands, and cannot be +said to have "inhabited" any of them, in the sense in which that word is +used by Sir R. Schomburgk. + +Whenever the Caribs in any of the lesser Antilles projected an +expedition against the Indians, they provided themselves with clubs and +poisoned arrows, and set off in their canoes. On their way, they touched +at most of the other small islands; and with their conch shells, of +which they always kept a supply, they summoned their brother Caribs to +join the expedition. As the fleet of canoes approached St. Domingo (the +principal theatre of their depredations) they glided silently along the +coast, and secreted themselves in some sheltered bay, till the darkness +of the night enabled them to emerge from their hiding places. Then, with +the most savage yells and war-whoops, accompanied by the blowing of +shells, they pounced upon the nearest village, beating down with their +clubs such of the Indians as had not taken refuge in flight. In these +encounters, however, the Caribs were not always victorious. If the +Indians were less robust and warlike than their invaders, they were also +far more numerous; and it sometimes happened that the Caribs were driven +back to their canoes with much slaughter. In all hand-to-hand conflicts +the conch shells would easily get detached, or, becoming an incumbrance, +would be thrown aside; and the Indians, finding them on the field of +battle, may be supposed to have piled them up as so many trophies. + +As the Caribs were incited to these incursions by the prospect of +plunder among a race of people their superiors in the arts of +civilisation, but chiefly from their inveterate hatred to the Indians, +so the moment they had accomplished their object, they lost no time in +retreating from a country where a longer sojourn would only have +afforded their enemies an opportunity of risings _en masse_, and +exterminating them by the superiority of their numbers. + +These facts are sufficient to account for the heaps of shells found by +Sir R. Schomburgk, and for the other traces of the Caribs which he +appears to have discovered in St. Domingo, without resorting to the +supposition that the Caribs had actually "inhabited" that island, or +warranting the conclusion that the two races were identical. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, Sept. 1851. + + +MITIGATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT TO A FORGER. + +The well-known cases of Dr. D. the divine and Mr. F. the banker, who +were executed for forgery, notwithstanding the powerful intercessions +that were made in their behalf, induced me to suppose that any +mitigation of punishment under similar circumstances used to be a very +rare occurrence; and, if so, that a curious instance of successful +application for mercy may interest some readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +A young man of respectable Scotch connexions settled in a town in the +north of England as a merchant, and soon afterwards made an offer of +marriage to a young lady of the same place. Her parents rejected his +suit, on the ground of his not being sufficiently established in +business, and he seemed to acquiesce in their decision. In a short time, +however, the young merchant took possession of larger premises than he +had hitherto occupied, and showed other symptoms of wishing to have it +understood that his fortunes were improving. But these appearances were +of short duration. He was suddenly arrested, and committed to take his +trial at the ensuing assizes on several charges of forgery. Immediately +after his arrest, a sister of singularly energetic character arrived +from Scotland, and applied to the father of my informant for +professional aid. This gentleman told her that he never touched criminal +business, and declined to interfere. But she was no common client, and +it ended in his undertaking to prepare the defence of her brother, and +receiving her into his house as a guest. Her immediate object was to +prevent the prosecutors pressing their charges at the trial; and, by her +indefatigable management, she succeeded with all, except the L---- bank, +the directors of which, as a matter of principle, were inexorable to her +entreaties. The trial came on at an early period of the assize, and the +prisoner was found guilty, and condemned to be hanged. His sister left +the court, and instantly proceeded to Scotland. There were no railways +in those days, and she had to rely on coaches and post-chaises, and she +travelled for four days and nights successively, without stopping or +removing her clothes, and carrying a petition with her from house to +house amongst her titled and powerful Scotch friends. + +With this she returned to the city at which the assizes had been held, +just as they were concluded. The two judges were in the act of +descending through the cathedral nave, after partaking of the holy +sacrament, when the petitioner cast herself at their feet, and held +forth her document. Baron G. was notorious for his unflinching obduracy; +but her devotion and energy were irresistible. He received her petition; +and her brother's sentence was eventually commuted to transportation for +life. But his story is not yet finished. The forger was placed in the +hulks prior to transportation; and, before this took place, he had +forged a pass or order from the Home Secretary's office for his own +liberation, which procured his release, and he was never afterwards +heard of. + +This "Jeanie Deans," who was the means of saving the life of her +unworthy relative, was described to me as a person of extraordinary +force of character. Indeed it could not have been otherwise. She +prevailed with the solicitor, who before had been a stranger both to her +and her brother; with the main body of the prosecutors; with the +petitioners in Scotland; and ultimately with the judge himself. My +friend, who lived in his father's house during the several weeks she +stayed there, told me, that, night and morning when he passed her door, +she was always in audible prayer; and he was convinced that her success +was attributable to her prayers having been _extraordinarily_ answered. +Her subsequent fate, even in this world, was a happy one. She became a +wife and a mother, and possibly is so still. + + ALFRED GATTY. + + +PASSAGE IN JEREMY TAYLOR. + +It may not be useless or uninteresting to the readers of Bishop Jeremy +Taylor to bring under their notice a point in which the editor of the +last edition seems to have fallen into an error. In Part II. of the +Sermon "On the Invalidity of a Death-bed Repentance" (p. 395.), the +Bishop says: + + "Only be pleased to observe this one thing: that this place of + Ezekiel [_i.e._ xviii. 21.] is it which is so often mistaken for + that common saying, 'At what time soever a sinner repents him of + his sins from the bottom of his heart, I will put all his + wickedness out of my remembrance, saith the Lord:' yet there are + no such words in the whole Bible, nor any nearer to the sense of + them, than the words I have now read to you out of the prophet + Ezekiel." + +Now the editor, as a reference for this "common saying," says in a +note-- + + "+ See Jer. xviii. 7, 8.:" + +whence I suppose that he thinks that text to be the nearest quotation to +it that can be found. But he has altogether overlooked the fact that +this "common saying" is, as the Bishop has here quoted it, the exact +form in which the first of the sentences at the beginning of Morning +Prayer occurs in the Second Book of Edward, and down to the time of the +last review, with the exception of the Scotch book. As it did not agree +with the translation of the Bible then in use, Bishop Taylor seems to +have considered it as a paraphrase. This also is the view which +Chillingworth took of it, who makes this reflection on it, in a sermon +preached before Charles I.: + + "I would to God (says he) the composers of our Liturgy, out of a + care of avoiding mistakes, and to take away occasion of cavilling + our Liturgy, and out of fear of encouraging carnal men to security + in sinning, had been so provident as to set down in terms the + first sentence, taken out of the 18th of Ezekiel, and not have put + in the place of it an ambiguous, and (though not in itself, but + accidentally, by reason of the mistake to which it is subject) I + fear very often a pernicious paraphrase: for whereas they make it, + '_At what time soever ... saith the Lord_;' the plain truth, if + you will hear it, is, the Lord doth not say so; these are not the + very words of God, but the paraphrase of men." + +Thus, I think, it is evident that this "sentence" has nothing to do with +the passage of Jeremiah to which the editor refers us; and its being +read continually in the church explains the application of the word +"common" to it in this place. + +While on this subject I would go on to mention that both Chillingworth +and Taylor seemed to have erred in calling it a paraphrase, and saying +that it does not occur in the Bible; for according to L'Estrange (c. +iii. n. F.) the sentence is taken from the Great Bible, or Coverdale's +translation. It is, however, remarkable that this fact should not have +been known to these divines. + + F. A. + + +PARALLEL PASSAGES. + +I send you two parallels on the subject of Death and Sleep, Nature the +art of God, &c. + + "How wonderful is death-- + Death and his brother sleep!" + + Shelley, _Queen Mab_. + + "Since the Brother of Death daily haunts us with dying + mementoes." + + Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_. + + * * * * * + + "Oh! what a wonder seems the fear of death, + Seeing how gladly we all sink to sleep, + Babes, children, youths, and men, + Night following night, for threescore years and ten!" + + Coleridge, _Monody on Chatterton_. + + "A sleep without dreams, after a rough day + Of toil, is what we covet most; and yet + How clay slinks back from more quiescent clay!" + + _Byron_ (reference lost). + + * * * * * + + "In brief all things are artificial; for Nature is the art of + God." + + Sir T. Browne, _Religio Medici_, p. 32. (St. John's edit.) + + "The course of Nature is the art of God." + + Young, _Night Thoughts_, IX. + + * * * * * + + "Princes are like to heavenly bodies, which cause good or evil + times, and _which have much veneration, but no rest_." + + Bacon, _Essay 20._, "Of Empire." + + "Kings are like stars--they rise and set--_they have + The worship of the world, but no repose_." + + Shelley, _Hellas_. + +The following are not exactly parallel, but being "in pari materia," are +sufficiently curious and alike to merit annotation: + + "But the common form [of urns] with necks was a proper figure, + making our last bed like our first: nor much unlike the urns of + our nativity, while we lay in the nether part of the earth, and + inward vault of our microcosm." + + Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_, p. 221. (St. John's edit.) + + "The babe is at peace within the womb, + The corpse is at rest within the tomb. + We begin in what we end." + + Shelley, _Fragments_. + + "The grave is as the womb of the earth." + + Pearson _on the Creed_, p. 162. + + HARRY LEROY TEMPLE. + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Death Omen by Bees._--It is not wonderful that the remarkable instincts +and intelligence of the honey-bee, its domesticity, and the strong +affinity of its social habits to human institutions, should make it the +object of many superstitious observances, and I think it probable that +if enquiry be made of that class of people amongst whom such branches of +folk-lore are most frequently found lingering, other prejudices +respecting bees than those lately noticed by some of your correspondents +might be discovered. + +If the practice of making the bees acquainted with the mortuary events +of the family ever prevailed in that part of Sussex from whence I write, +I think it must be worn out, for I have not heard of it. But there is +another superstition, also appertaining to mortality, which is very +generally received, and which is probably only one of a series of such, +and amongst which it is probable the practice before-mentioned might +once be reckoned. Some years since the wife of a respectable cottager in +my neighbourhood died in childbed. Calling on the widower soon after, I +found that although deeply deploring a loss which left him several +motherless children, he spoke calmly of the fatal termination of the +poor woman's illness, as an inevitable and foregone conclusion. On being +pressed for an explanation of these sentiments, I discovered that both +him and his poor wife had been "warned" of the coming event by her going +into the garden a fortnight before her confinement, and discovering that +their bees, in the act of swarming, had made choice of a _dead hedge +stake for their settling-place_. This is generally considered as an +infallible sign of a death _in the family_, and in her situation it is +no wonder that the poor woman should take the warning to herself; +affording, too, another example of how a prediction may assist in +working out its own fulfilment. + +Seeing that another P-urveyor to your useful P-ages has assumed the same +signature as myself, for the future permit me, for contradistinction, to +be-- + + "J. P. P.," but not "CLERK OF THIS PARISH." + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + +Did Caxton ever print his name CAUSTON or CAWSTON, or is it ever found +so spelt? He tells us, in the preface or prologue to his _Recuyell of +the Historyes of Troye_, "that I was born and learned mine English in +Kent, in the Weald." The only locality in Kent which I can discover at +all approximating in its name to Caxton, is Causton, a manor in the +parish of Hadlow, in the Weald of Kent, _held of the honor of Clare_. +This manor was, in the fourteenth century, possessed by the family of +"De Causton;" how and when it passed from them I have been unable to +ascertain with certainty, possibly not long before the birth of William +Caxton. In 1436, Beatrice Bettenham entails it on the right heirs of her +son, Thomas Towne, by which entail it came into the family of Watton of +Addington Place, who owned it in 1446. The honor of Clare, and the +forest, &c. of South Frith, closely adjoining Causton, descended through +one of the co-heiresses of Gilbert de Clare to Richard Duke of York, +father of the Duchess of Burgundy and Edward IV., whose widow, Cicely, +continued in possession till her death. I name the owners of the manor +of Causton, and the chief lords of whom it was held, as affording, +perhaps, some clue to identification, should any of your correspondents +be inclined to take up the inquiry. I need hardly add that the +difference between the two names of Causton and Caxton is of little +moment should other circumstances favour the chances that Causton in +Hadlow may claim the honour of having given birth to our illustrious +printer, or that he was descended from the owners of that manor. + + L. B. L. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Mental Almanac_ (Vol. iv., p. 203.).--The additive number for this +month of December, is 6. Hence next Sunday is 1 + 6 = the 7th of +December. Christmas Day will be 25, less 20, that is 5, or Thursday. + + A. E. B. + +_Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The +first person who settled in Honduras was the celebrated buccaneer +Wallis, in 1638, from whom the principal town and river were named. The +Spaniards called it _Valis_; and _v_ and _b_ having the same +pronunciation in Spanish, it became _Balis_, then _Balize_, _Belize_, +the actual name. + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Pasquinade_ (Vol. iv., p. 292.).--Will A. B. R. allow me to correct one +or two to typographical errors in the Italian version of his clever +epigram? In the first place "_Piu_," in both places where it occurs, +should be "_Pio_," which the sense demands, while _Piu_ is downright +nonsense. What A. B. R. _intended_ to write was no doubt: + + "Quando Papa o' Cardinale + Chies' Inglese tratta male, + _Quel che_ chiamo quella gente + Pio? No-no, _ne_ sapiente." + +The alteration in the third line is required both by sense and metre, +which last is octosyllabic; and _chiamo_ is pronounced as a dissyllable, +as are also _chiesa_ and _-piente_. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Epigram on Erasmus._--The following epigram, written in a fly-leaf of a +copy of the _Epistolæ Obscuroram Virorum_, published at Frankfort, 1624, +in the possession of a friend, is commended to your notice; not, +however, without a suspicion of its having been printed already: + + "Ut Rhadamantheum stetit ante tribunal Erasmus, + Ante jocos scribens serio damnor, ait + Cui Judex, libri dant seria damna jocosi, + Si tibi culpa jocus, sit tibi poena jocus." + + _Anglicè_, T. CORBETT. + + "Erasmus standeinge fore hell's tribune said, + For writeinge iest I am in earnest paid. + The iudge replied, Iests will in earnest hurt, + Sport was thy fault, then let thy paine be sport." + + D. B. J. + +_Etymology of London._--I believe the word London has never yet received +a satisfactory explanation, and it is, perhaps, too late in the day to +try to explain it entirely. It has always, however, been supposed that +it was significant in the old British language. It has been explained as +"the town of ships," the final syllable _don_, formerly _dun_, meaning a +town. Several other explanations have been given also on the same +principle, namely, that the final syllable meant a town or fortified +place, and the first was the characteristic distinguishing it from other +towns or _duns_ in the neighbourhood. + +This mode of explanation is repugnant to the general principles of +British topographical nomenclature: for they generally put the general +name first, and the characteristic last. Might the first syllable "Lon" +not be a corruption of the British "Llan," so common yet in names of +places, and so universally retained in Wales to this day? Llan means a +level place generally, as most of your readers who are versant in those +subjects know. The _don_ is not so easily explained, but perhaps some of +your readers may be able to assist in finding a meaning. + +"Don" might indeed still mean an enclosed strong place, and the meaning +of the whole word "London" would then be _Llandun_, or "the level ground +near the fort or strong camp." Perhaps some of your correspondents may +be able to offer something confirmatory or adverse to this explanation, +and in either case I should join with the rest of your readers in +thanking them. + + M. C. E. + +_Verses on Shipmoney._-- + + "A coppy of certaine Verses dispersed in and about London in febr. + 1634 in ye 10th year of ye Raigne of ye King Charls occasioned by + ye eager prosecucon of Shipmoney, and Imprisonm'ts therefore. + + "The Cittie Cofers abounding with Treasure, + Can pay this ship Tribute, and doe poor men pleasure + To save that Pelfe: the more is the pitty, + The Grey Cloaks divide it and yet tax the Citty. + A p'sent there being small occasion for Gold + Hast thether Collectors, 'tis time it were tould + And taken from such citty Asses: + Mony whom sly Proiects easily passes, + And speedily conveyt to Court + Wher they to see it will make sport, + And set out Shipps from Puddle dock + To scoure ye seas. A pretty mock + + "If that this ship Tribute be not speedily paid + Pycrust Lord Maior saith in Newgate you shall be laid, + Wher you shall see rogues, theeves, and vile knaves, + Yet none so bad as are Tributarie Slaves. + + "If men like Pycrust could make so great gain + As xx'ty in ye hundred to Irish mens paine + For moneys lent, some reason ther were, + To pay this ship Tribute w'thout wit or feare. + + "O crewell hard Pycrust though pay all men must + This crewell hard Tribute cause thou art uniust + And favourest this Project, when laid in thy grave + All good men will say then: Parkhurst was a knave. + + "Finis." (From a MS. at Oxford.) + +_Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna._--In case you do not happen to possess +a correct copy of the inscription on Columbus's bust and tablet in the +cathedral at Havanna, I send you one, and my translation of it, for the +benefit of those who may not make out the force and beauty of the +"éloge." + + "O restos e imagen del grande Colon, + Mil siglos durad guardados en la urna, + Y en la remembranza de nuestra nacion!" + + "O remains and image of the great Columbus, + [ages] + For a thousand centuries rest ye securely in this urn, + And in the remembrance of our nation." + +The bust is a mean and ill-executed one; although a late "lady" +authoress _has_ a different opinion of its merits. It is stiff and +wooden-looking, and, still worse, the right cheek, and _side of the head +too_, are comparatively _flattened_. Within it, built into the wall, are +the "restos," the dust and bones, in the urn. Beneath the epitaph is a +date of "1822"--the year, I presume, of the bust being "set up." It +stands abreast of the altar, and on the right hand, the head of the bust +being about six feet from the ground. I visited the interesting spot +only a few days ago, as soon as possible after my landing, for the first +time, in that truly noble city the Havana (or, in the Spanish, Habana). + + A. L. + + West Indies. + + + + +Queries. + + +ADDITIONAL QUERIES RESPECTING GENERAL JAMES WOLFE. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 271. 322.) + +I beg to thank the six gentlemen who have so promptly and courteously +responded to my Queries respecting this admirable soldier. The +information they have communicated is valuable and interesting, and +tends to remove much of the obscurity that had attended my researches +into the earlier portion of his history; and I feel greatly obliged to +your correspondents. Still, some of my Queries are unanswered, and I +venture to repeat these, in the hope that the information wanted may be +elicited. + +1. Where was James Wolfe educated? + +2. His _first_, and subsequent, military services? + +3. How long was he stationed in Scotland; on what duty; and in what +places? [He was in the North in 1749 and 1750; but I have reason to +believe some years earlier.] + +4. Was he at the battle of Culloden, in 1746? + +As some of the gentlemen, in kindly answering my inquiries, have raised +certain points on which additional information may be mutually given and +received, I take leave to offer the following remarks to these +respondents, _seriatim_. + +I.--To H. G. D. + +In corroboration of your statement, that the correct date of Wolfe's +birth is 2nd January, 1727 (not 1726, as alleged by some), I am enabled +to cite his own authority. One of his autograph letters in my +possession, dated Glasgow, 2nd April, 1749, states, "_I am but +twenty-two and three months_;" which answers precisely to your time. + +You mention that his mother came from, or near, Deptford, and that her +Christian name was Henrietta. I am enabled to mention that her surname +was _Thompson_, and that her brother Edward was member of parliament for +Plymouth, prior to 1759. Does this give you any clue to Wolfe's mother's +family; and particularly whether his maternal grandfather was a military +man? + +May I further inquire-- + +1. Whether Wolfe's _father_ was a native of Westerham; or merely +quartered there when his illustrious son was born? + +2. You allude to two houses at Westerham. Were these General Edward +Wolfe's property; or if not, what had led to the family residing there +so long, as they seem, from your remarks, to have done? + +3. Who was Sir Jeffrey Amherst, and in what manner did he "patronise +Wolfe"? Was he any relation of the General Amherst, commander-in-chief +in British America, who was to have supported young Wolfe in the attack +on Quebec in 1759. + +4. Who is the present representative of Wolfe's family? + +You mention that you are uncertain when and where James Wolfe _first_ +served. I have experienced the very same difficulty. It seems strange +that his biographers have been so meagre in the details of his life. It +has been said that Wolfe's first effort in arms was as a volunteer under +his father, in the unlucky expedition against Carthagena, in 1740, +commanded by Lord Cathcart. But I cannot find proper authority for this. + +You farther state, that Wolfe was ardently attached to Colonel Barré. It +is curious enough that their introduction to each other was chiefly in +consequence of a letter which Barré carried to Wolfe, from the officer +to whom Wolfe's letters in my possession are addressed. In one of these, +dated "Portsmouth, 7th Feb. 1758," Wolfe, after speaking favourably of +Barré, states-- + + "I did not know that Barré was your friend, nor even your + acquaintance. Now that I do know it, I shall value him the + more.... I trust I shall have good reason to thank the man that + mentioned him. Nay, I am already overpaid, by the little that I + did, by drawing out of his obscurity so worthy a gentleman. I + never saw his face till very lately, nor ever spoke ten words to + him before I ventured to propose him as a Major of Brigade." + +And he adds: + + "Barré and I have the great apartment of a three-decked ship to + revel in, but, with all this space, and fresh air, I am sick to + death. Time, I suppose, will deliver me from these sufferings + [sea-sickness], though in former trials I never could overcome + it", &c. + +I cordially assent to your encomium on England's young general. + +II.--To YUNAFF. + +The lady to whom the affectionate and touching lines you have quoted +were addressed was Miss Louther, a sister of Sir James Louther; rich, +highly accomplished, and most amiable. Wolfe was to have been married to +her, had he returned from Quebec. She was very averse to his accepting +the command. But nothing could stay his military ardour, even though in +indifferent health. Well might the epithet be applied to him--"favourite +son of Minerva." + +Miss Louther was an object of general sympathy, after her brave lover's +fall; and some of the periodicals of the day contain beautiful verses, +addressed to her, appropriate to the occasion. This lady's _name_ is not +mentioned in any of Wolfe's letters in my possession; but an _allusion_ +is made to her incidentally. She was a favourite with the old general +and Mrs. Wolfe. In one of the early letters a graphic description is +given by young Wolfe of another lady of rank, with whom he was much +smitten. That was before he paid his addresses, however, to Miss +Louther. But I do not feel at liberty to break the seal of confidence +under which this information was communicated in Wolfe's letter, though +at the distance of one hundred years, by mentioning farther particulars. + +May I ask if the verses in your possession are signed by Wolfe; or in +his autograph; and dated? It would be very interesting to have precise +information, tending to identity Wolfe as the author of these lines. + +III.--To W. A. + +I shall be glad to know the contents of the petition, dated February, +1746, and of the six letters mentioned by you. They may throw some light +on Wolfe's history. Will you allow me to communicate with you on this +subject, by letter, through the Editor, as I reside at a distance from +London? + +IV.--To J. H. M. + +The packet of Wolfe's letters in my possession was never shown to +Southey. They were discovered only three years ago. I believe Southey +intended to write a memoir of Wolfe, but I am not aware that he carried +his intentions into effect. The letters in my care were published in +_Tait's Edinburgh Magazine_, December, 1849, under the title "Original +Correspondence of General Wolfe." I shall feel obliged by any +information you possess regarding the _other_ collection of Wolfe's +letters which you believe to exist. Pray, where are they to be seen? + + [Gh.] + +P.S.--Since expressing my acknowledgments to the other gentlemen who +have kindly answered some of my inquiries respecting Wolfe, I have had +the pleasure to peruse the information communicated by J. R. (Cork), and +I beg to thank him for his courtesy. The sketch he has given of Wolfe's +ancestors is very interesting, the more so, as J. R. mentions he is +himself connected with Wolfe's family. Would J. R. be kind enough to +supply information on the following additional points, viz.: + +1. In which of the English counties did Captain George Wolfe, who +escaped after the siege of Limerick, settle? + +2. Was the son of this officer (father of General Edward Wolfe) also a +military man, or a civilian; and what was his Christian name? + +3. The birth-place of General Edward Wolfe, father of the hero of +Quebec. + +Answers to these Queries would connect some of the broken links in the +history of one of the most gallant and skilful young generals that +England ever entrusted with her armies. + + [Gh.] + +General Wolfe's executor was General Warde, of the family of Squerries, +near Westerham, by whom the epitaph was written, which is now over the +south door of Westerham church. General Warde's nephew and executor was +General George Warde, who by that means became possessed of several very +interesting objects, viz., an original portrait of Wolfe, representing +him with his natural red hair. After some time the natural red was +converted, by water colours, into a powdered wig; consequently a sponge +and clean water would restore it to its original state. Another portrait +of Wolfe painted after his death by West; he is represented sitting and +consulting a plan of military operations. West has given him the same +countenance in which he appears in the celebrated picture of his death. +When West was offered the original portrait on which to form this +picture, he declined making use of it, as he had already committed +himself in the historical portrait, and it would not do for him to alter +it, and send out in his name two different portraits. Gen. G. Warde also +possessed Wolfe's short sword and black leather letter-case, and a +collection of original letters; among which was one of much interest, +where Wolfe, mentioning the flattering terms in which he was spoken of +by the public and high military authorities, says, that unwarranted +expectations were raised, and that to maintain his reputation he might +be driven into some desperate undertaking. + +I write all this from memory, but my details cannot be very far from +correct. + + GRIFFIN. + + +CHRISTIANITY, WHEN FIRST INTRODUCED INTO ORKNEY. + +Christianity is believed to have been introduced into Orkney before the +Norwegian conquest by King Harold Harfager, in 895; but the race who +inhabited the country at that period are said to have been extirpated or +driven out by the Scandinavians, who were worshippers of Odin and Thor. +In the end of the tenth century, the King of Norway, Olaf Tryggveson, +renounced Paganism for Christianity, which he forced both on Norway and +Orkney at the point of the sword. M. Depping, in his _Histoire des +Expéditions Maritimes des Normands_, tom. ii. p. 60. ed. 1826, states +that Sigurd, the second Earl of Orkney (whose brother Ronald, Earl of +Mære, the first Norwegian Earl of Orkney, was the common ancestor of the +Earls of Orkney and Dukes of Normandy), drove the Christians out of +Orkney. This was towards the beginning of the tenth century. It has been +overlooked by Barry, the local historian, or unknown to him, who +mentions (p. 123.) the introduction by King Olaf Tryggveson as either +the first introduction, or at least the final establishment of the +Christian religion. I have looked into Torfæus' _Orcades_, the +Orknayinga Saga, and the Sagas of the two kings, Harold Harfager and +Olaf Tryggveson, in Mr. Laing's translation of Snow's Hermskringla, and +have not found the expulsion of the Christians by Sigurd mentioned in +any of those works. Will some of your learned correspondents be so +obliging as to point out M. Depping's authority for this fact? I have +just now fallen in with a curious example of the rude Christianity of +the Northmen, who worshipped both Thor and Christ, and the passage is +perhaps worth quoting. Torfæus, in his _Orcades_, p. 15., mentions a +Scandinavian chief called Helgius, who lived in Iceland about 888, and +says: + + "Christianis sacris quibus infans initiatus est, per totam vitam + adhæsit, valde tamen in religionis articulis rudis; nam Thorem, ad + ardua negotia, itineraque maritima feliciter expediunda, + invocandum, cætera Christum dictitavit, tanquam cum Thore divisum + imperium habentem. Simile Witichendus Monachus et Sigebertus + Gemlansensis, de Danis, in primis religionis incunabulis, + prodidere." + + W. H. F. + + +THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607. + +This work, both in the original edition, and in the reprint of Bergomi, +1608, is reputed to be of extreme rarity. Mr. Mendham, in his _Literary +Policy of the Church of Rome Exhibited, in an Account of her Damnatory +Catalogues or Indices, both Prohibitory and Expurgatory, &c._, 2nd ed., +London, 1830, calls it "perhaps the most extraordinary and scarcest of +all this class of publications," p. 116., while all of the class are +known to be by no means of common occurrence. Clement (_Bibliothèque +Curieuse_, art. "Brasichellensis," v. ccvii.) designates the Roman +edition as "_extrêmement_ rare;" and (note 48., p. 211 a.) says of the +other, "cette édition de Bergame est encore plus rare que celle de +Rome." + +Now Clement informs us that "on a copié l'édition de Rome de 1607 à +Ratisbonne, vers l'an 1723, sur de beau papier;" and Mr. Mendham says +that this was done by "Serpilius, a priest of Ratisbon, in 1723," and +that the copy so closely resembled the original "as to admit of its +being represented as the same." Accordingly, Clement says that it was +furtively sold as the genuine work, until the announcement of an +intended reprint by Hessel, at Altorff, in 1742, induced the owner of +the remainder of the Ratisbon counterfeit to avow his fraud. Then, Mr. +Mendham says, it "appeared with a new title-page, as a second edition." +Of _that_ circumstance Clement makes no mention. + +"The original and counterfeit editions of this peculiar work are +sufficiently alike to deceive any person who should not examine them in +literal juxtaposition; but upon such examination the deception is easily +apparent," says Mr. Mendham, p. 131. The natural inference from this is, +that _he has_ so examined them. + +His mention of the Bodleian "copy of the original edition" may warrant +the belief that he has made use of it. The fact that Dr. James, "chief +keeper" of the Bodleian, used and cited the Roman edition in his +_Treatise of the Corruptions of Scripture, Councils and Fathers, &c._ in +1612, may further warrant the belief that the copy in that library is an +indubitable original, placed where it is before the counterfeit was +gotten up. + +If these inferences are correct, I have, what I much desire, a criterion +by which to distinguish the counterfeit from the genuine Roman edition. +Yet I hardly dare to trust it, because it involves a charge of +carelessness against Clement, who is not often justly liable to such +reproach. + +He says, "J'ai eu le bonheur d'acquérir l'édition originale de Rome." He +therefore either copied the title of what he thought a genuine edition, +or carelessly substituted that of the counterfeit. + +Now I have a copy of what purports to be the Roman edition, the title of +which, agreeing exactly neither with Clement nor with the title given by +Mr. Mendham (p. 116.), yet coincides with the latter in one curious +particular, which seems to identify it with Mr. Mendham's genuine +original, while its rare disagreements from Clement's distinguish it +from that. Mr. Mendham's transcript of the title runs: + + "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti. + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri præ cæteris + desiderati emendantur, Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et publicæ + commoditati æditus. Romæ, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. MDCVII. + Superiorum Permissu." + +In this there are two observable peculiarities: 1. The full-stop after +"confecti," breaking the grammatical construction; 2. The omission of +such a stop (as a sign of contraction) after the portion of a word, +"Brasichellen," from which the final syllable "sem" has been dropped, as +appears in the archetype, for want of room. + +That Mr. Mendham faithfully copied this last peculiarity is shown by his +own singular misconception of the word, which he has taken to be +complete, and on p. 130. writes of "_Brasichellen_, or _Guanzellus_;" a +mistake into which he has been led by Jugler, whom he is there +reporting; Jugler, as quoted in the note, seeming to have been led into +it by Zobelius. + +The peculiarity which has thus led Mr. Mendham, and before him Zobelius +and Jugler, into error, does not appear in Clement's title. It runs: + + "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti, + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri præ cæteris + desiderati emendantur. Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen. Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et publicæ + commoditati æditus. Romæ, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII. + Superiorum Permissu." + +Both the peculiarities pointed out in Mendham's copy are wanting in +this; and a third difference is, that where Mendham, after "emendantur," +has a comma, this has a full-stop. All these differences are +corrections, and therefore more likely to be found in a reprint, than +the reverse. + +My copy agrees with Mendham in the two peculiarities first remarked; but +with Clement in the last. It has, beside, another peculiarity which +neither has retained, but resembling those of Mendham's copy. After the +word "auctorum" there is a full-stop, breaking the grammatical +construction just as that after "confecti" does. + +These circumstances lead me to think my copy one of the genuine edition, +and to suppose that Mendham's was of the same; in which case, Clement +must have either carelessly given the title of the counterfeit, while he +had the genuine at hand (as he says); or, still more carelessly, +miscopied the genuine; or deceived himself with the belief that he had +the genuine, while he had only a counterfeit. + +It is singular that there is room for a similar doubt about the Bergomi +edition of this work. Of that, too, I have what purports to be a copy; +but am led by Clement's description of the Altorff edition to have +misgivings that it may have been made as studiously a counterfeit of the +Bergomi edition, as its predecessor of Ratisbon had been of that of +Rome. In all the particulars of which Clement says, "Ceux qui auront +l'édition de Bergame, pourront juger sur ce détail, si la copie +d'Altorff la représente exactement ou non," my copy _does_ agree with +his description; and it may be that some of the Altorff copies bear a +false title, with Bergomi as the imprint. + +The genuineness of this book is of no ordinary interest. It is one of +the most damaging witnesses against Rome, to convict her of conscious +fraud. How much its evidence is dreaded, is proved by the industrious +suppression that has made it of so great rarity. + +May I not hope, therefore, that some of your readers who have access to +the Bodleian will inform me through your columns-- + +1. Whether any copy there, purporting to be of the Roman edition, can be +identified as having been in the library before 1723? + +2. Whether the title of such copy (if there be any) agree with Mr. +Mendham's, or Clement's, or mine? + +3. Whether there is in that library (or elsewhere in England) an +undoubted copy of the Bergomi edition? + +A copy of the titles of the Ratisbon and Altorff editions would also be +desirable; and (if they could be identified) any distinguishing note of +the Ratisbon counterfeit, _e.g._ the signature marks of its preliminary +sheet. + + U. U. + + Baltimore, U. S. A. + + +Minor Queries. + +313. _"The Don," a Poem._--This is an old work illustrative of the local +antiquities, ancient families, castles, &c., on the banks of the Don, in +Aberdeenshire. It is said to have been written during the usurpation of +Oliver Cromwell by a Mr. Forbes of Brux, in the immediate neighbourhood. +One of the ablest of our local antiquaries states, that he has never +been able to satisfy himself of the existence of any edition of that +poem earlier than that of the quarto one of 1742, which seems to have +been reprinted from an edition of the year 1655; but is so thoroughly +redolent of the spirit of a later age, that it is not possible to +believe it to have been written in the seventeenth century. All +subsequent editions (and they have been numerous) have reference to an +edition of 1655. In 1655, it is said to have been originally written by +a Mr. Forbes of Brux, as before stated, and published the same year, +with a few historical notes, and reprinted in 1674; and again in 1742, +with little or no alteration, and continued in that state until 1796; +when Mr. Charles Dawson, schoolmaster of Kemnay, added a few more notes, +and offered it to the public as his own composition in a small 12mo. +pamphlet!!! price 4_d._; which met with such encouragement, that a +second edition appeared in 1798, with more copious notes, price 6_d._ An +enlarged edition in 8vo. was published in Edinburgh in 1814. In 1819, +Mr. Peter Buchan of Peterhead, the editor of _Scottish Ballads_, +_Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads_, &c. &c., published an edition, price +6_d._, which sold well; and in 1849, another edition was printed at the +Hattonian Press, Fintray, Aberdeenshire, by John Cumming. I should be +glad to hear if any of your correspondents have seen an edition of 1655 +or 1674? + + STONEHAVEN. + +314. _John Lord Frescheville._--It is stated in the printed notices of +this individual, with whom expired, in 1682, the barony of Frescheville +of Stavely, co. Derb., that he was engaged, on the side of the king, at +the battle of Edge Hill. I have no reason to doubt the truth of the +statement: but I should like to know whether his name occurs in any of +the contemporary accounts of the fight at that place, or rather Keynton; +or whether he is anywhere mentioned in the royal musters. I think a +correspondent of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" indicated an acquaintance with +some local information relative to this affair, and the persons engaged +in it. + + D. + +315. _Meaning of_ "_Pallant._"--While staying in the neighbourhood of a +small country town in the south of England, I was requested to drive a +friend to call on an acquaintance who lived in _The Pallant_ in the said +town. The word being an uncommon one, we naturally conversed on its +probable derivation and meaning, but without arriving at a satisfactory +conclusion. I have since seen it used in a number of Dickens' _Household +Words_, where the scene of a ghost story is laid in an old house, or +street (I forget which), called _The Pallant_. What is its true +signification? + + A DEVONIAN. + +316. _Rectitudines Singularum Personarum._--This interesting Anglo-Saxon +document is necessarily well known to many of your readers. Will they +favor me with a Note, stating what they consider to be its date? In the +mean time, I will say that it is not improbable that the date may be +referrible to _temp._ Ethelredi II. The service of _Sæ weard_ is +insisted upon, and it is fair to suppose that such would not have been +the case if the _textus_ had been written at a period anterior to those +times, when the coast was wasted by the piratical incursions of the +Northmen. In the title "thegnes riht" it is mentioned in priority to +"heafod weard" and "fyrdweard." It is again mentioned in the title +"cotsetlan riht." This document was doubtless written by a priest, and +probably by a secular one, for some of its concluding words show a +habit, or at least a possibility, of migration on the part of the +writer, viz.: + + "Be thære theode theawe, the we thænne onwuniath." + +The Latin translation, which accompanies the original, is of a date +manifestly later than the Norman Conquest. The phraseology which it +exhibits, and the gross mistakes which it contains, are sufficient +evidence of the fact. + +In the title "be thaw the beon bewitath," the words "self lædan" are +translated "ipse minare." Sometimes the translator does not understand +his original: in the first title he converts "bocriht" into "testamenti +rectitudo;" and of the words "sceorp to frithscipe," he leaves the first +word as he finds it. + + H. C. C. + +317. _Sir Henry Tichborne's Journal._--I should be obliged to any of +your numerous correspondents or readers for any information given +respecting a diurnal written by Sir Henry Tichborne, third baronet of +Tichborne, co. Hants, of his _Travells into France, Italy, Loretto, +Rome, and other places, in the years 1675, 1676, and 1678_. + +Is the original in existence, or where might this MS. be found? Has any +of your readers seen or heard of it? + +I may here remark it is not in the possession of the family, neither +have they yet been able to trace it. + + THE WHITE ROSE. + + Winchester. + +318. _Round Towers at Bhaugulpore._--Lord Valentia (_Travels to India, +&c._) gives views of these towers, and the following description of +them:-- + + "They much resemble those buildings in Ireland, which have + hitherto puzzled the antiquaries of the sister kingdoms, excepting + that they are more ornamented. It is singular that there is no + tradition concerning them, nor are they held in any respect by the + Hindoos of this country. The Rajah of Jyenagur considers them as + holy, and has erected a small building to shelter the great number + of his subjects, who annually come to worship here." + +This is but a meagre account of them; and if any of your readers can +give further information respecting them, and especially on the religion +of those who go to worship at them, they will confer a great favour on +your querist. Bhaugulpore seems to be about half-way between Calcutta +and Patna, at some distance off the great road; and Jyenagur must be +some 800 miles distant. The dominant race in the latter are Rajpoots, +but there appear to be inferior races; which are the worshippers? What +is the meaning of Bhaugulpore? has it any relation to Baal? Jeypoor is +another name for Jyenagur. + + DE CAMERA. + +319. _Johannes Trithemius._--In my possession is a book entitled _Liber +de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis_, by the above author; the date of its +publication 1494. Can any one inform me who Trithemius was, and whether +the book, in point of accuracy, is to be relied on? + + A. W. H. + +320. _Races in which Children are named after the Mothers._--Will some +correspondent favour me with a list of the races in which the children +are named, or take their titles, or inherit property after their +mothers, and not after their fathers; and where descent in any form is +reckoned on the mother's side? I have a list of some, but I fear a very +imperfect one; and all additions to it, with a memorandum of the +authority on which the statement is made, will be very valuable to me. I +wish the instances to be fetched as well from ancient as from modern +nations. + + THEOPHYLACT. + +321. _Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, and Residents from Foreign +Courts._--Will any of your readers inform me where there may be found +the best, or any list of personages filling these diplomatic posts, +between the 1st of King Henry VIII. and the end of the reign of King +James II.? + + S. E. G. + +322. _Critolaus and the Horatii and Curiatii._--Has any writer on early +Roman history noticed the extraordinary similarity, even in the minutest +particulars, of the combat between the Horatii and Curiatii, followed by +the murder of a sister of the former by her brother, for mourning for +one of the opposite party, to whom she was betrothed, to the similar +circumstances related of Critolaus the Tegean? The chances of two such +transactions resembling each other so closely appear so very small, that +there can be no doubt of one story being a copy of the other: but which +was the original? I have no doubt the Roman historians adopted this tale +from the Greeks, to diversify the barren pages of their early history. +At all events, such a person as Critolaus undoubtedly existed, which is +more than can be averred of the Roman hero. (See _Encyc. Brit._, art. +"Critolaus.") + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica. + +323. _Cabal._--I should like to know the earliest use of this word as +signifying "a secret council," and, as a verb, "to plot or intrigue." +Pepys applies it to the king's confidential advisers several years +before the date (1672) when Burnet remarks that the word was composed of +the initials of the five chief ministers; and Dryden uses the verb in +the sense I have mentioned. Can any of your correspondents trace either +verb or noun to an earlier period, or explain this application of it? +The Hebrew verb _kibbal_ signifies "to receive;" and the _Cabbala_ was +so called from its being "traditionary," not from its being "secret." A +popular error on this point may, however, have given rise to the +above-mentioned application of the word. + + E. H. D. D. + +324. "_Thus said the Ravens black._"--In what modern poem or ballad do +the following or similar lines occur? + + ---- "thus said the ravens black, + We have been to Cordova, and we're just come back." + + D. B. J. + +325. _Symbols in Painting._--In a painting of the Crucifixion by Guido +(?) the following accessories are introduced, the meaning of which I +cannot discover: the persons present are four, two of whom are evidently +the Virgin and St. John; but the other two, who are both old men, are +doubtful. On the ground, at the foot of the cross, is a skull and some +bones; and at one side of the picture is a monster, somewhat like a +gigantic toad, with his foot on a book; and at the other side lies a +bell, with a twisted cord attached to it: the monster and the skull +might be symbolical of sin and death, but what can the bell mean? It is +a singular object for an artist to have introduced without some +particular meaning; but the only instance I know of its use, is in the +pictures of St. Anthony (in the fourth century), who is generally +represented with a bell in his hand. Perhaps some of your correspondents +may be able to explain its meaning in this painting. Can the handbell +rung in Roman Catholic churches at the elevation of the host have any +connexion with the subject in question? + + B. N. C. + + Oxford. + +326. _Latin Verse on Franklin._--Can you inform me who wrote the line on +Franklin: + + "Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque Tyrannis?" + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + +327. _General Moyle._--Who was General John Moyle, who died about 1738? +He resided, if he did not die, in Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk. + + BURIENSIS. + +328. _Musical Compositions of Matthew Dubourg._--I am induced, while +preparing for the press a new edition of my _opusculum_ on the _violin_, +to seek your kind mediatorial aid in behalf of an object which some one +or other of your correspondents, acquainted with Irish matters of the +last century, may _possibly_ enable me to attain. I am desirous of +learning whether there be _extant_ any of the musical compositions +(especially the violin _solos_ and _concertos_) of my progenitor, +Matthew Dubourg, who held the post of director and composer to the +king's band in Ireland, from 1728 until, I believe, his death in 1767. + +As I do not know that any of these compositions (which appear to have +been called forth by immediate occasions) were ever _printed_, my hope +of now tracing them out is perhaps more lively than rational. If they +have existed only in a manuscript state, it is but too possible that the +barbarian gripe of the butterman may long ago have suppressed what +vitality was in them. I cannot, however, relinquish the idea that a +dusty oblivion, and not absolute destruction, may be the amount of what +they have undergone; and that they _may_ still exist in such condition +as to be, at least, more susceptible of resuscitation than disinterred +_mummies_. I have the honour to be, Sir, yours wistfully, + + G. DUBOURG. + + Brighton. + +329. _Collodion, and its Application to Photography._--May I ask for +information as to the first discoverer of Collodion, and the origin or +derivation of the name? I should also be glad to know by whom it was +first applied to photogenic purposes. + + A PHOTOGRAPHER. + +330. _Engraved Portrait._--Will some of your correspondents who are +conversant with the history of engraved English heads, oblige me by +naming the original of a copper-plate print in my possession, and also +with the conclusion of the verses beneath, the lower part of the plate +being mutilated. The verses, as far as I have them, run thus: + + "Here you may see an honest face, + Arm'd against envy and disgrace; + Who lives respected still in spite + . . . . . . . . ." + +The addition of the names of the painter and engraver will increase the +obligation. + + HENRY CAMPKIN. + +331. _Lines by Lord Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to +forgive her Son when on her Death-bed._--In Coxe's _Life of Sir Robert +Walpole_ (vol. i. p. 549.), we read, in the account of the death of +Queen Caroline, as follows: + + "The tongue of slander has even reproached her with maintaining + her implacability to the hour of death, and refusing her pardon to + the prince, who had humbly requested to receive her blessing. To + this imputation Chesterfield alludes in a copy of verses + circulated at the time: + + "'And unforgiving, unforgiven dies.'" + +Can any of your readers refer me to the remainder of this copy of +verses? + + PROEM. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Kimmeroi, Cimbri, Cymry._--There appears to be a growing belief that +the Gomeridæ of the Bible, the Kimmeroi of the Greeks, the Cimbri of the +Romans, and the Cymry or Kymry of Wales, belong to the same family; the +few words remaining of their language are to all appearance Kymraeg; and +recently there was some likelihood of having more light thrown upon this +subject. Kohl, the German traveller, visited the remnant of the Cimbri +defeated by Marius, and was told that "_sette commune parlano Cimbro_." +Is the language of these Lombard Kimbri like that of the Kymry of Wales? +M. Kohl states that a professor at Padua was about to publish the +remains of their language; but I have not seen any subsequent notice +respecting them. The inquiry is highly interesting, and will I trust be +taken up by some persons who may be in position to obtain further +information; and I hope soon to see a few specimens of their language in +"NOTES AND QUERIES." + +Ritson, in the notes to his work on the Celts, has these remarks on the +language of this Cimbric remnant: + + "Their language, which was thought to be a corrupt German, was + found upon closer inquiry to be very pure Danish. Signor Marco + Pezzo has written a very learned dissertation on this + subject."--Page 288. + +What is the title of this work? I am very desirous to obtain further +information on this subject, and invite attention to this people and +their Kimbro speech. + + T. STEPHENS. + + Merthyr Tydfil. + + [The title of Pezzo's work is, _Dei Cimbri Veronesi, e Vicentini_, + libri ii. Terza edizione. 8vo. Verona, 1763. This edition is in + the British Museum.] + +_Dictionary of Musicians._--I have now before me _A Dictionary of +Musicians_, &c., second edition, 2 vols. 8vo., Longman and others, 1827. +I should be glad to know whether there is any more recent edition, or +anybody engaged in preparing one; or whether there is any more recent +and complete work of the kind. This one contains much information, but +might be greatly improved by omissions, corrections, and additions. + + AN AMATEUR. + + [_The Biographical Dictionary of Musicians_ noticed by our + correspondent is very incorrect in its details. There is another + work of the same kind in preparation, but is not expected to be + published for some months. The latest works on the subject are the + German _Lexicon der Tonkunst_ in several 8vo. volumes, and that by + M. Fetis, which appeared about four years since at Brussels, and + pronounced both comprehensive and correct.] + +_City of London Charter._--What was the cause of the City charter being +forfeited in the year 1683? + +In a trial, _The King_ v. _The City of London_, judgment was given +against the City, whereby the charter was forfeited. + + S. E. G. + + [An information brought against the Mayor and citizens of London + was "for usurping of divers franchises and liberties within the + said city, and for assuming to themselves an unlawful power to + levy several great sums of money, as well upon the said citizens + of London as strangers; and in particular upon those which come to + the markets of the said city, by colour of the laws and ordinances + in their Common Council by them in fact ordained and established, + without any other right or authority." The circumstance which gave + occasion for this _quo warranto_ to be brought against the City + charter, was a petition the Court of Aldermen and City made to the + King, upon his prorogation of Parliament, when they were going to + try several noblemen concerned in the Popish plot; but especially + for their printing and publishing the petition, which was + considered seditious. For particulars relating to this celebrated + trial, we must refer our correspondent to the following + tracts:--_The Case of the Charter of London Stated_, fol. 1683. + This is an ingenious treatise against the charter. _A Defence of + the Charter and Municipal Rights of the City of London_, by Thomas + Hunt, 4to.; _The Lawyer Outlawed; or a Brief Answer to Mr. Hunt's + Defence of the Charter_, 4to. 1683; _The Forfeitures of London's + Charter, or an Impartial Account of the several Seisures of the + City Charter_, 4to. 1682; _Reflections on the City Charter, and + Writ of Quo Warranto_, 4to. 1682; _The City of London's Plea to + the Quo Warranto_, (an information) _brought against their Charter + in Michaelmas Term_, 1681, fol. 1682. A summary account of the + whole proceedings will be found in Maitland's _History of London_, + vol. i. pp. 473-484.] + +_St. Alkald._--Upon looking over a sheet of the Ordnance Map lately +published, on which part of the parish of Giggleswick is laid down, I +find that the patron saint, to whom the church is dedicated, is St. +Alkald. No calendar that I have access to mentions any such saint. I +shall be obliged by any of your correspondents giving me some account of +him, or referring me to any book where I may read his history. + + F. W. J. + + [In _The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated_, published + by Parker of Oxford, p. 181., our querist will find + + "_S. Alkald_ or _Alkilda_ was commemorated March 28. The church of + Giggleswick, Yorkshire, is named in honour of this saint, and the + Collegiate Church of Middleham in the same county in the joint + names of SS. Mary and Alkald."] + + + + +Replies. + + +PLAIDS AND TARTANS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 107.) + +I am not going to enter into the controversy respecting the antiquity of +the _Highland_ kilt and tartans, nor when and where they were invented. +But in reference to these questions, I beg leave to cite a passage, +which may be found in the second book of the _History_ of Tacitus, in +which is designated a garb having a very distinct analogy to the _trews_ +and tartans of the Highland chiefs. + +In lib. ii. sec. xx. the return of Cæcina from Germany into Italy is +thus described:-- + + "At Cæcina, velut relictâ post Alpes sævitiâ ac licentiâ, modesto + agmine per Italiam incessit. Ornatum ipsius, municipia et coloniæ + in superbiam trahebant, quod _versicolore sagulo, bruccas_ tegmen + barbarum, indutus, togatos adloqueretur." + +Cæcina and Valens had been the Imperial "Legati" in Upper Germany, and +the former is thus described in lib. i. sec. liii.:-- + + "At in superiore Germaniâ, Cæcina decorâ juventâ, corpore ingens, + animi immodicus, scito sermone, erecto incessu studia militum + inlexerat." + +So it seems that this handsome Roman, "great in stature," and "graceful +in youth," thought (like many of our modern fine gentlemen when they get +among the hills) the partycoloured plaid and barbarian clothing so +extremely becoming, that he was determined to set the fashion of wearing +it in Italy, and actually was intrepid enough to appear like a male +Bloomer before the astonished eyes of the "Togati," and to answer the +addresses of the "Municipia" and "Coloniæ" clad in this outlandish +costume. + +I leave to more learned antiquaries the task of tracing this Celtic +habit, "in superiore Germaniâ," into the Scottish Highlands. For myself +I have little doubt that from the earliest division of the community +into septs or clans, the chiefs assumed the pattern of this "tegmen +versicolor" which best pleased them, and in course of time the pattern +distinguished the wearers as belonging to such and such chiefs. As to +the kilt, in all probability it was the apology for nudity. + +The chiefs wore the trews, the humbler vassals or serfs either wore no +nether garments at all, or covered their loins with a scanty apron, +which gradually comprising more ample folds, has been modernised into +the kilt. + +But I beg leave to put forward these speculations with all possible +modesty, feeling quite inadequate to discuss such momentous matters from +being only + + A BORDERER. + + +RELIGIOUS STATISTICS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 382.) + +I have a memorandum (not dated) which states that M. Pradt, in his work +on _Ancient and Modern Jesuitism_, gives curious calculations on the +religious statistics of the world. The terrestrial globe, he estimates, +contains 670,000,000 inhabitants, who are thus divided:-- + + Catholics 120,000,000 + Protestants and their dependants 40,000,000 + Of the Greek Church 36,000,000 + Jews 4,000,000 + Mahomedans 70,000,000 + Idolators 400,000,000 + +Of these, China alone, according to the most probable accounts, contains +300,000,000. + +An elaborate, valuable, and now, I believe, a scarce work, entitled _The +Consumption of Public Wealth by the Clergy of every Christian Nation_, +&c. (published by Effingham Wilson in 1822), among details, founded on +authorities of repute, and which are named, gives for each nation, +"France," "Scotland" (its Kirk), "Spain," "Portuguese Church," +"Hungarian Churches," "Clergy in Italy," "Clergy in Austria," "Clergy in +Prussia," "Clergy in Russia," "England and Wales," "Established Church +Property Ireland," &c. &c., the particulars required by Q. E. D. For +instance, under the heading "Hungarian Churches," we are preliminarily +told that-- + + "Hungary contains about 8,000,000 people of various religious + persuasions, who live happily together ever since the days of that + excellent Emperor Joseph II. He laboured resolutely and + successfully, in spite of the bigots of his own religion by whom + he was surrounded, to root out the evils of religious discord from + his dominions; and he left, as a glorious legacy to his people, + for which his memory will be ever dear, the blessings of concord + and harmony between his subjects of all denominations." + +It is then narrated that there are (in Hungary): + + "Catholics, Latin and Greek 4,750,000 + Greek Church 1,150,000 + Calvinists 1,050,000 + Lutherans 650,000 + Unitarian Christians 46,000 + Various small Christian Sects, and + persons of the Jewish faith 200,000." + +But this work contains no summary of the total amounts of its own +enumerations. + + A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. + + +ROYAL LIBRARY. + +(Vol. iii., p. 427.; Vol. iv., pp. 69. 154.) + +Your correspondent J. H. M. remarks (Vol. iv., p. 69.): "In justice to +King George IV., the letter which he addressed to the late Earl of +Liverpool, on presenting the books to his own subjects, should be +printed in your columns." Heartily concurring in this opinion, I have +much pleasure in supplying your readers with a transcript of the same. I +copied it some years back from the original, then in the possession of a +noble friend: + + "Dear Lord Liverpool,--The king, my late revered and excellent + father, having formed, during a long period of years, a most + valuable and extensive library, consisting of about one hundred + and twenty thousand volumes, I have resolved to present this + collection to the British nation. Whilst I have the satisfaction + by this means of advancing the literature of my country, I also + feel that I am paying a just tribute to the memory of a parent, + whose life was adorned with every public and private virtue. I + desire to add, that I have great pleasure, my lord, in making this + communication through you. Believe me, with great regard, your + sincere friend, + + "G. R. + + "Pavilion, Brighton, 15th of January, 1823." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +Your correspondent C. says, "the whole story of the projected sale to +Russia is absolutely unfounded." He seems to consider that, because the +Princess Lieven never heard a syllable about the matter, the whole story +was unfounded--that is, that when a part of a story is untrue the whole +must be untrue. What is really the truth I do not positively _know_; but +I will give you the story, as I heard it at the time, from one who had +good means of information. George IV. disliked the expense of keeping up +the Royal Library; he was also occasionally out of temper at the claims +made or insinuated by some members of the family, that as the library +had not been bequeathed, they had all an equal property in it. To get +rid of the expense and the claims he resolved to dispose of it, and said +something about this wish at his own dinner-table. This was, perhaps, in +the presence of the Russian ambassador, or some distinguished Russian, +or at least came to his ears; and he spoke to Lord Liverpool upon the +subject, expressing a desire to purchase. Lord L. immediately waited +upon the king, and remonstrated in the strongest terms against allowing +such a library collected by a king of England to be sent out of the +country; and went so far as to say that he would resign his office if +the measure was persisted in. The king then resolved to relieve himself +from all annoyance about the matter by presenting it to the nation. Such +I believe to be the outline of the truth: the minute details I did not +"make a Note" of at the time, and will not trust my memory to relate +them. + + GRIFFIN. + + +DAMASKED LINEN. + +(Vol. ii., p. 199.; Vol. iii., pp. 13. 229.) + +In the subjoined account of some old patterns, I have, for the sake of +brevity, enclosed in brackets the descriptions of the several objects +represented, beginning with the highest and most distant. The words +enclosed within inverted commas are the inscriptions. + + No. I. + [Two horsemen, with steel-caps, riding away at speed.] + [Crown.] + "PVRSV'D BY MEN. PRESERV'D BY GOD." + [Crown.] [Crown.] + [Oak branches surrounding a head surmounted + with a low-crowned hat and flowing wig.] + +I may mention that this bears the mark of an ancestor of its present +possessor, who was about forty years of age at the time of the +Restoration, and died in 1707. + + No. II. + "SISTE SOL IN GIBEON ET LVNA IN VALLE IAALON." + [Sun] "RIS" [Moon] "SEL." + [Fortified town.] + [Mortars throwing shells into the town.] + [Tents and cannon.] + [Trophy] "EGENIVS." [Trophy.] + [Equestrian figure holding a baton.] + +Can any of your readers be so good as to explain the allusion of the +above ungainly and somewhat profane compliment to Prince Eugene? + + No. III. + "STAD ANT + WERPEN." + [City gate.] + [Water with ships.] + "DER HERTZOG VON MARLBORVK." + [Equestrian figure in the proper costume, holding a baton.] + +The above probably commemorates the surrender of Antwerp to the allied +armies soon after the battle of Ramillies, May 27, 1706. + + No. IV. + "CAROLVS KÖNIG IN SPANIGEN." + [Equestrian figure.] + [Trophy of arms and banners.] + "MADRIED." + [City and gates.] + [Batteries with cannon planted.] + +I presume this must refer to the short-lived triumph of Charles +(afterwards Emperor of Germany), who was crowned King of Spain at Vienna +in 1703, and entered Madrid in 1706. + + No. V. + [City.] + [River with boats.] + [Cannon and mortars.] + [Tents and halberdiers, and arms strewn about on the ground.] + "KÖNIG GEORGE." + [Crown.] [Crown.] + [Harp.] [Harp.] + [Equestrian figure holding a sceptre.] + +Will some one be so kind as to explain the meaning of this design? + +I may mention that there is little doubt that this cloth, as well as the +others, belonged to the son of the gentleman before mentioned, and that +it is very unlikely that it ever belonged to the royal household. This +may perhaps affect the inference of your correspondent H. W. D. from the +inscription "Der König Georg II." (Vol. iii., p. 229.). + + No. VI. + [A group of figures:--On the right an eastern + monarch standing, and in an attitude of command + towards a female figure on the left, who + is stooping down to put something into the + gaping mouth of a dragon, while with her left + hand she points towards the king. Behind the + woman are three men turning towards the king + in attitudes of entreaty.] + "BABYLON." + [A man and woman kneeling down, with hands + raised as in supplication or astonishment.] + "DANIEL, XIIII." + [A tree with two birds in it. In front of the tree + an angel flying downwards; and underneath, a + man in the same attitude, holding a vessel + shaped like a pitch-kettle in the left hand, and + what appears to be a small loaf or cake in the + right.] + +All the above figures are in oriental costume. The date of this cloth +_cannot_ be later than about 1720. In each case the pattern is repeated +in rows; the alternate rows being reversed so that on whichever side the +cloth is turned, half of the patterns have the inscriptions legible. + + W. S. T. + + +VERMIN, PAYMENTS FOR DESTRUCTION OF. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 208. 389.) + +The authority by which churchwardens paid for the destruction of vermin, +is by acts of parliament (8 Eliz. cap. 15. and 14 Eliz. cap. 11.), but +_not AS churchwardens_; and the payment for vermin out of the +_church-rate_ is illegal: but they are _ex officio_ appointed by the +statutes quoted, "with six other parishioners," as shown by FRANCISCUS, +Vol. iv., p. 389. + +There can be no doubt, that in course of time this assessment got into +desuetude; that churchwardens, being the "distributors," they charged it +on the _church-rate_ by way of simplifying the machinery. This, and +other duties of churchwardens and other parish officers, many of which +have become obsolete, may be seen in Lambard's _Eirenarcha, or Office of +the Justice of the Peace_, first published in 1581, which passed through +many editions from that date to 1637. The work is commended by +Blackstone as deserving the perusal of students. + +With regard to the old names of vermin, _Glead_ and _Ringteal_ are +described by Osbaldiston, in his _Dictionary of Recreation_, as a sort +of kite; the latter with whitish feathers about the tail. _Greas'-head_ +and _Baggar_ he does not notice. May they not be provincialisms? + + H. T. ELLACOMBE + + Clyst St. George. + +In further illustration of this Query, and of J. EASTWOOD'S reply (p. +389.), may be quoted:-- + + "That the distributers of the provision for the destruction of + noysome foule and vermine being chosen, and having money [as + before shown by me, Vol. iv., p. 389.], shall give and pay the + same money so to them delivered, to every person that shall bring + to them any heades of old crowes, choughes, pies, or rookes, taken + within the several parishes, for the heads of every three of them + a peny; and for the heads of every sixe young crowes, choughes, + pyes, or rookes, taken, as is aforesaid, a peny; and for every + sixe egges of any of them unbroken, a peny; and likewise for every + twelve stares heades, a peny. All which said heads and egges, the + said distributers in some convenient place shall keep, and shall + every moneth at the least bring foorth the same before the said + churchwardens and taxors, or three of them, and then and there to + them shall make a true account in writing, what money they have + laid forth and paid for such heads and egges, and for the heads of + such other raveinous birds and vermine, as are hereafter + mentioned, that is to say: + + "For everie head of merton, haukes, fursekite, + moldkite, bussard, scag, carmerant, or ringtaile iid + For every two egges of them id + For every iron or ospraies heads iiiid + For the head of every woodwall, pie, jay, raven, + or kite id + For the head of every bird which is called the + kingsfisher id + For the head of every bulfinsh, or other birde + that devoureth the blouth of fruit id + For the heads of every foxe or gray xiid + For the head of every fichewe, polcat, wesell, + stote, faire, badger, or wildecat id + For the heads of every otter or hedghog iid + For the heads of every three rats or twelve mice id + For the heads of every moldwarpe or want, an + halfe-penie. + + "All which sayd heads and egges shall be foorthwith, after such + account made in the presence of the sayd churchwardens and taxors, + or of three of them, burned, consumed, or cut in sunder."--Vid. 8 + Eliz. c. 15.; 14 Eliz. c 11.; and 39 Eliz. c. 18. + + FRANCISCUS. + + +WAS RALEIGH IN VIRGINIA? + +(Vol. iv., pp. 190. 241.) + +Raleigh never visited Virginia. The numerous expeditions thither, set on +foot by him, and in which he had so large a concern as to cause them to +be called _his_ voyages, no doubt gave rise to the popular error. + +We first find Raleigh's name, in connexion with discovery in North +America, in 1579. In that year Sir Humphrey Gilbert, his stepbrother, +prevailed upon him to join in a projected voyage. The accounts of this +voyage are very scanty: all, I believe, that is known on the subject is +to be found in Hakluyt, vol. iii. p. 146., in the following words: + + "Others failed of their promises contracted, and the greater + number were dispersed, leaving the Generall with few of his + assured friends, with whom he adventured to sea; where having + tasted of no lesse misfortune, he was shortly driven to retire + home with the losse of a tall ship, and (more to his grief) of a + valiant gentleman, Miles Morgan." + +It will be observed that Raleigh's name is not mentioned, the "Generall" +being Gilbert. It appears, however, to be generally assumed by his +biographers that he did accompany this expedition in person. It may, at +all events, be predicated with tolerable certainty, that Raleigh was not +amongst those who deserted Sir Humphrey. Tytler adds the following +particulars, in his _Life of Raleigh_ (Edinburgh, 1833), p. 27., on the +authority of Oldys's _Life of Raleigh_, pp. 28, 29.: + + "On its homeward passage the small squadron of Gilbert was + dispersed and disabled by a Spanish fleet, and many of the company + were slain; but, perhaps owing to the disastrous issue of the + fight, it has been slightly noticed by the English historians." + +Schomburgk adds, in the Introduction to his reprint of Raleigh's +_Guiana_, published for the Hakluyt Society in 1848, also on the +authority of Oldys, that during the engagement "Raleigh was exposed to +great danger." + +We may therefore assume that he did sail with Gilbert on this occasion. +There is no appearance, however, of the expedition having reached +America at all; and most certainly Virginia was not then visited. + +The next voyage undertaken by Gilbert was in 1583. Raleigh took a great +interest in this expedition, and fitted out a barque of two hundred +tons, which bore his name; and although the "most puissant" vessel in +the fleet, it only ranked as "Vice-admirall." The "Delight, _alias_ the +George, of burthen 120 tunnes, was Admirall, in which went the +Generall." They "began their voyage upon Tuesday, the eleventh day of +June, in the yere of our Lord 1583;" but "about midnight" of the 13th +June, "the Vice-admirall forsooke us, notwithstanding that we had the +winde east, faire, and good. But it was after credibly reported that +they were infected with a contagious sickness, and arrived greatly +distressed at Plimmouth.... Sure I am no cost was spared by their owner, +Master Raleigh, in setting them forth." So writes worthy Master Hayes, +who commanded the Golden Hinde, the "Rear-admirall" of the expedition. +It may be easily believed that Raleigh was not on board of the vessel +which belonged to him. Sir H. Gilbert, who was ignorant of the cause of +desertion, wrote thus to Sir George Peckham, after his arrival in +Newfoundland:--"On the 13th the bark Raleigh ran from me, in fair and +clear weather, having a large wind. I pray you solicit my brother +Raleigh to make them an example to all knaves." The subsequent history +of this disastrous expedition need not be dwelt upon. Gilbert reached +Newfoundland, but was lost in returning on board the Squirrel of ten +tons! + +On the 25th March, 1584, Raleigh obtained letters patent from Queen +Elizabeth authorising him to establish a colony in North America, south +of Newfoundland. "The first voyage made" under this patent "to the +coasts of America" was "with two barks, wherein were Captains M. Philip +Amadas, and M. Arthur Barlowe, who _discovered_ part of the countrey now +called Virginia, anno 1584:" the account of which voyage is stated to +have been "written by one of the said Captaines, and _sent_ to Sir +Walter Raleigh, knight, at whose charge and direction the said voyage +was set forty"--_Hak._ vol. iii. p. 246. + +The next voyage is called (p. 251.) "The voyage made by Sir Richard +Grenvill _for_ Sir Walter Raleigh to Virginia, in the yeere 1585." Sir +Richard left a colony under the government of Master Ralph Lane. A list +of all the colonists, to the number of 107, "as well gentlemen as +others, that remained one whole yeere in Virginia," is given in Hakluyt, +at p. 254. The first name is Master Philip Amadas, Admirall of the +countrey;" the second is "Master Hariot." On the 10th June of next year +the colony was visited by Sir Francis Drake, with no less than +twenty-three sail of vessels, "in his prosperous returne from the +sacking of Saint Domingo." Sir Francis gave the colonists, who had +suffered severely from "scarsity," the means of returning to England, +which they did, leaving Virginia on the 18th of June, and arriving at +Portsmouth on the 28th of July, 1586. Governor Lane was greatly blamed +for his precipitate desertion of the colony. Hariot wrote a description +of the country, which occupies fifteen folio pages of Hakluyt. Hallam +(in the passage quoted by MR. BREEN) is correct in describing Hariot as +the companion of Raleigh; for that he was, and very much esteemed by +him: but he is wrong in making it appear that they were together in +Virginia. + +In the meantime Raleigh at home was far from being forgetful of his +colonists, although they seemed so little inclined to depend upon him. +He got ready no less than four vessels: various delays, however, +occurred to retard their sailing; and Raleigh at last getting anxious +started off one of them as a "bark of aviso," or despatch boat, as it is +called in one of the old accounts. It arrived at the site of the colony +"immediately after the departing of our English colony out of this +paradise of the world;" and "after some time spent in seeking our colony +up in the countrey, and not [of course] finding them, it returned with +all the aforesaid provision into England." Thus Hakluyt, page 265., who +also states that it was "sent and set forth at the charges of Sir Walter +Raleigh and his direction;" expressions surely inconsistent with any +supposition that he was on board of this bark of aviso; and yet it would +appear, from the Introduction of Sir Robert Schomburgk, already referred +to, that _this_ was the identical occasion on which Raleigh was +erroneously supposed to have visited Virginia. As what Sir Robert says +is very important, and bears very directly on the question, I quote his +words: + + "It has been asserted by Theobald and others, that Sir Walter + Raleigh himself accompanied this vessel, which he sent for the + relief of the young colony; such may have been his intention, as + Captain Smith states in the first book of his _General History of + Virginia_; but we have so many proofs that Sir Walter did not + leave England in that year, that we are surprised that such an + erroneous statement has found credence up to the present day." + +This is a strong opinion of Sir Robert, and if borne out by evidence, +would be conclusive; but in the first place, his reference to Smith's +_Virginia_ is incorrect; and besides, Smith, for anything he relates +prior to 1606, is only secondary evidence. His book was published in +1624, and is reprinted in Pinkerton's _Voyages_ (1812). On reference to +it there I can find no such _intention_ attributed to Raleigh; and in +fact Smith's account is manifestly taken from Hakluyt (1599), who, it is +well known, had his information on these voyages chiefly from Raleigh +himself[1]. In the second place, it would have been well if Sir Robert +had mentioned some distinct proof that Raleigh was in England on some +one day that the vessel was absent, rather than generally stating that +he did not leave England during 1586. Unfortunately, there is a want of +precision as to the exact dates when the vessel left and returned to +England; enough is said, however, to fix upon the two months _at least_ +from the 20th of May to the 20th of July as being embraced in the period +during which she was on her voyage. In Hakluyt it is stated that she did +not sail until "after Easter:" in 1586 Easter Sunday was, by my +calculation, on the 3rd April. The 20th of May is therefore a liberal +meaning to attach to the expression "after Easter." She arrived in +Virginia "immediately after" Drake sailed, on the 18th of June. Say then +that she even arrived on the 19th June; only spent one day in searching +for the colony; and took thirty days to go home; this would bring us to +the 20th July. It will be noticed that I narrow the time as much as +possible, to strengthen the evidence that would be gained by proving an +_alibi_ for Sir Walter. If it can be shown that he was in England on any +day between the 20th May and the 20th July, the supposition that he went +on this occasion to Virginia must be given up as untenable. I have +therefore directed my inquiries to this point. In the sketch of the life +of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, given in Lodge's _Portraits_, a +work certainly not of indisputable authority, but tolerably correct +notwithstanding, I find the following statement: + + "His [Cumberland's] fleet consisted of three ships, and a pinnace, + _the latter commanded by Sir Walter Raleigh_.... It sailed from + Gravesend on the 26th of June, 1586; but was repeatedly driven + back by contrary winds, and could not finally leave England till + the end of August." + + [Footnote 1: What Smith really says is, speaking generally of + _all_ the voyages, that Raleigh's occasions and employments were + such that he could not go himself; but he says nothing about his + intentions specially as to this particular voyage.] + +Now, if this were quite correct, it would be conclusive, that if Sir +Walter Raleigh sailed from Gravesend on the 26th June, he could not have +started from Virginia to return to England on the 20th of the same +month. I thought it well, however, to verify this statement of Mr. +Lodge, and had recourse to my old friend Hakluyt as usual. I there found +(vol. iii. pp. 769. et seq.) that on starting from Gravesend, there were +only two vessels called respectively the Red Dragon and the Clifford; +these vessels arrived at Plymouth on the 24th of July, and were there +detained by westerly winds until the 17th of August, when they-- + + "Then departed with another ship, also for our Rear-admirall, + called the Roe, whereof W. Hawes was Captaine; and a fine pinnesse + also, called the Dorothie, _which was Sir Walter Raleigh's_." + +It therefore follows, that the pinnace might have joined them +immediately before the 17th of August, a date too late for our purpose. +Nay more, the only authority for Mr. Lodge's statement, that the vessel +was commanded by Sir Walter, rests upon the words which I have put in +Italics; his name is not mentioned in the subsequent account of the +expedition, although, on the 7th of February, 1587, it was found +necessary to hold a council of war, at which no less than eighteen +officers assisted, all of whom, beginning with the admiral, are named. +Raleigh's name does not occur; and is it conceivable that he, if present +in the fleet, would have been absent on such an occasion? This therefore +affords one additional instance in which Raleigh was presumed to be +present merely because he fitted out a vessel. Being inconclusive as a +positive piece of evidence on the main question, my chief reason for +referring to it was to show how hastily some writers make assertions, +and how probable it is that "Theobald and others" went upon similar +grounds in their statement as to Raleigh's having visited Virginia. In +justice to Mr. Lodge, I must mention that the error into which he fell +with respect to Raleigh, in his sketch of the life of the Earl of +Cumberland, is not repeated in his biography of Raleigh, in which it may +be supposed he was more careful. Raleigh's having concerned himself +sometime in July or August in fitting out a vessel for Cumberland's +expedition, undoubtedly forms part of that chain of evidence alluded to +by Schomburgk, tending to prove his continued residence in England in +1586. I feel inclined, however, to search for positive evidence on the +point. In the very valuable collection of letters entitled the +_Leicester Correspondence_, published for the Camden Society in 1844, I +find his name occurring several times. On the 29th of March, 1586, +Raleigh writes "from the court" to the Earl of Leicester, at that time +in the Low Countries: he states that he had moved the Queen to send +Leicester some pioneers, and found her very willing; but that since, the +matter had been stayed, he knew not for what cause. He then goes on to +protest against certain rumours which had been afloat as to his having +been acting a treacherous part with the Queen against the Earl. +Leicester had been in some disgrace with her Majesty, and Raleigh in a +postscript says: + + "The Queen is in very good tearms with yow, and, thanks be to God, + well pacified, and yow are agayne her 'sweet Robyn.'" + +On the 1st of April the Queen herself writes to Leicester a letter, +which will repay perusal. And on the same day, Walsingham, at the +express instance of the Queen, signifies to Leicester that Rawley, "upon +her honor," had done Leicester good offices; and that, during the time +of her displeasure, he dealt as earnestly for him as any other of his +friends. All this shows Raleigh in high favour and standing at the +court; and it is most improbable that he could, at such a moment, absent +himself no less than three months from it. These letters appear to have +been unusually long in reaching Leicester; in the early part of April he +complains of not getting letters from the Queen, and on the 27th a great +many reached him all at once. On the 31st of May, Leicester writes to +Walsingham, and speaks of Rawley's pioneers; saying that he had written +to him saying that they were ready to come. This could not refer to +Raleigh's letter of 29th of March, because in it he states that the +matter had been stayed; it must refer to one of a later date, which does +not appear, but which was written, in all probability, some time on in +May; it could not have been in Leicester's possession on the 29th of +May, because on that day he writes to Walsingham, and mentions the same +subject; namely, his wish for a reinforcement of 1000 men, which led him +to speak of Rawley's pioneers on the 31st. With regard to the time it +took to communicate with Leicester, he was at the Hague on the 30th of +July, and on that day he knew of Drake's arrival at Portsmouth, stated +in Hakluyt's account of Drake's voyage to have taken place on the 28th; +although it is true, Governor Lane, who came home in the fleet, says the +27th of the same month. This was very speedy communication; but the +arrival of Drake, and the results of his enterprise, were looked for +with the utmost anxiety by the English ministry; and, no doubt, their +satisfaction on the subject was communicated to Leicester by a rapid +express. On the 9th of July we find Walsingham writing to Leicester: + + "And lastly, that yt shall in no sorte be fyt for her Majestye to + take any resolutyon in the cause until Sir Francis Drake's + returne, at lest untyll the successe of his vyage be seene; + wheruppon, in verry trothe, dependethe the lyfe and death of the + cause according to man's judgment." + +In a letter from Burleigh to Leicester, dated 20th of June, 1586, occurs +the following: + + "In Irland all thynges are quiet, and a nombre of gentilmen of + Somersett, Devon, Dorcet, Cheshyre, and Lancashyre, are making + themselves to go to Monster, to plant two or three thousand + people, mere English, there this year." + +In a note to this, Mr. Bruce, the editor, states, that Stow records the +names of the honourable and worshipful gentlemen who made the attempt to +colonise Munster, and names, amongst others, Sir Walter Raleigh. It was +on this occasion that the poet Spenser got his grant of 3,028 acres in +the county of Cork, which "is said to be dated June 27, 1586." So the +Rev. Mr. Mitford, in his life of Spenser, prefixed to the Aldine edition +of his poems (1839); and although he seems uncertain as to the date, +there can be no doubt but that it is correct. Now I think that most +people will agree with me in thinking that the whole of this, Raleigh's +movements so far as they can be traced, his position at court, and the +busy and stirring nature of the time, make it altogether improbable that +Raleigh was absent in the month of June, 1586, on a voyage to Virginia. +Hakluyt's not mentioning that he was in the vessel, would of itself be +convincing to my mind, knowing the extent of his information on all +subjects connected with Raleigh, and his minute and painstaking +accuracy. Knowing, however, that _this_ was the voyage in which Raleigh +was stated to have visited Virginia, I have thought it worth while to +search for more positive evidence. How far I have succeeded may be seen, +but it is open to others to fix the fact of Raleigh's having been in +England within the time I have limited. As a hint to go upon, I may +mention that Babington's conspiracy was known to the English ministry on +the 9th of July, although the conspirators were not apprehended until a +month after; if Raleigh could be shown to have had any share in the +discovery of the plot, his presence in England in the beginning of July, +1586, would be established beyond all doubt. + +I have already been more than sufficiently tedious on the subject of the +voyage of this little bark; what I have brought forward however bears +more or less upon the question as to Raleigh having visited Virginia: I +am clearly of opinion that on this occasion he did not. I cannot +refrain, however, from adding a word or two of purely speculative +conjecture. There is something rather suspicious in Drake visiting +Virginia with the whole of his armament, and losing time in doing so, +when the whole nation, from the queen downwards, was on the very +tenter-hooks of anxiety for intelligence of him and of his success. The +question arises, was it a rendezvous? and did the "bark of aviso" bear +other and more important despatches than those addressed to Master Ralph +Lane? Might not its arrival a day or two earlier have directed Drake to +strike a blow at some defenceless but important part of the Spanish +empire, deadly in proportion to its being unexpected? These are +questions which I can in no wise answer, but they have arisen in my +mind; and if it were so, we might be fain to believe, in spite of +everything that I have been able to bring forward, that Raleigh was +indeed on board his gallant little bark, but that, the mark not having +been hit, the attempt was kept secret. It must not be forgotten that at +that time, with the exception of this little colony, England had not a +rood of land in the New World. However, I must remember that history +ought not to deal in conjecture. + +About fourteen or fifteen days after the departure of the bark, Grenvill +made his appearance with the other three vessels. After making every +search he returned home, leaving fifteen men on the Island of Roanoke. +Subsequent expeditions found no traces of these men excepting the bones +of one of them. No one has ever asserted that Raleigh was on board of +this fleet. + +Nothing daunted by these failures-- + + "In the yeere of our Lord 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh, intending to + persevere in the planting of his countrey of Virginia, prepared a + newe colonie of one hundred and fiftie men to be sent thither, + under the charge of John White, whom hee appointed Governour, and + also appointed unto him twelve assistants, unto whom he gave a + charter, and incorporated them by the name of the Governour and + Assistants of the Citie of Raleigh in Virginia."--_Hak._ Vol. iii. + p. 280. + +This colony, owing to contentions with the natives and other causes, did +not thrive; and in August of the same year White was, much against his +wish, induced to return to England for assistance. He failed in his +first attempt to go back with aid. In 1593 he gives, at Hakluyt's +request, an account of a voyage he made thither in 1590, but which quite +failed in its object. The men with whom he embarked showed a greater +disposition towards buccaneering, than to assist him in his search for +the unfortunate colonists. He found traces of their having gone to the +Island of Croatan; but his associates would not prosecute the search, +and poor White, with a sad heart, was obliged to leave them, if they +even then survived, to their fate. From that day to this no intelligence +has ever been got as to what became of them. This voyage was made, if +not under Raleigh's auspices, at all events with his assistance. It has +been supposed by some that this voyage of White in 1590 was the _last_ +attempt made by Raleigh to succour his colonists--he has even been +reproached with it. This, however, was not the case. At p. 1653. vol. +iv. of Purchas, a very brief account is given of a ship having been +purchased by Raleigh and sent out under the command of-- + + "Samuell Mace (a sufficient marriner who had been twice before at + Virginia), to fynd out those people which he had sent last thither + by Captain White in 1587." + +The ill success of the previous attempts to communicate with the colony +seems to have been ascribed to the practice which prevailed in that day +of engaging seamen for the voyage with a share in the profits; this +Raleigh attempted to remedy by hiring "all the cumpanye for wages by the +month." I quote from Strachey's _Virginia_, printed by the Hakluyt +Society from an original MS., whose statement bears undoubted marks of +being the original from which Purchas took his account, and somewhat +abridged it. In spite of Raleigh's precautions as to the hiring, the +people behaved ill, and-- + + "They returned, and brought no comfort or new accesse of hope + concerning the lives and safety of the unfortunate English people, + for which only they were sett forth, and the charg of this + employment was undertaken." + +Here ends the history of Sir Walter Raleigh's connexion with Virginian +discovery and colonisation. A new company was at the moment in +contemplation, and it even despatched its first pioneer vessel in the +same month of 1602 as Raleigh did. Raleigh may have had, to a certain +extent, a selfish object in view. His patent of 1584 was conditional, as +regarded its continuance, on his planting a colony within six years; and +had he been able to have discovered any remains, however small, of the +colony of '87, he could have prevented interlopers. The nature of his +position also in England in March, 1602, may perhaps afford a clue to +his designs. At that moment his royal mistress lay on the bed of +sickness, dying by inches. The clouds were beginning to gather around +Raleigh's head. His star, which had been in the ascendant for more than +twenty years, was getting nigh its setting. Raleigh, a man of wisdom and +foresight, as well as conduct and action, knew all this. He knew what he +had to expect, and what he afterwards in fact experienced, from the new +king, to whom all eyes were turned. Is it not most likely that he looked +to Virginia as his haven of refuge, where, if he could maintain his +patent rights, he might have set his enemies at defiance? Had this +dream, if he entertained it, been realised, the twelve years' +imprisonment and the bloody scaffold on which his head fell, might have +been averted. This, however, was not to be;--the search, as already +mentioned, was fruitless, and the new company went on; and, finally, +under a fresh charter from James I., Virginia was again colonised in +1606, since which time its history and existence have been +uninterrupted. On Raleigh's return from his last expedition to Guiana in +1618, only a few months before his murder, he touched at Newfoundland, +being, as I verily believe, the only occasion on which he set his foot +in North America. + +It may cause your readers to smile, and perhaps be a surprise to some of +them, when I conclude this long paper, written on the subject of +Raleigh's connexion with Virginia, by asserting that he never had any +connexion, direct or indirect, with it! All the colonies with which he +had to do were planted in North Carolina and the islands thereto +belonging. To have laid any stress upon this, or to have mentioned it +earlier than now, would have amounted to nothing but a play upon names. +The country called Virginia in Queen Elizabeth's reign, embraced not +only the state now so called, but also Maryland and the Carolinas. +Virginia Proper was in reality first planted by the company of 1606, who +fixed their settlement on the Chesapeake. + + T. N. + + Demerary, Oct. 1851. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Bunting's Irish Melodies._--On p. 167. of the third volume of "NOTES +AND QUERIES," MR. STEPHENS, of Stockholm asks a question concerning the +_Irish Airs_ of this distinguished musician. As a member of the Royal +Academy of Music in Stockholm, I feel more than ordinary pleasure in +answering the Query of your esteemed correspondent. + +Edward Bunting was born at Armagh in 1773. He claimed descent from +Patrick Gruama O'Quin, who as killed in arms in July, 1642; and it was +to this origin that Bunting attributed his musical talents, as well as +certain strong Irish predilections, for which he was through life +remarkable. His first collection of _Irish Airs_ was published in 1796; +his second in 1809; and his third, and last, in 1840. The first work +contains sixty-six native Irish airs never before published. The second +added seventy-five tunes to the original stock. This volume, like the +first, afforded a copious fund of new melodies, of which the +song-writers of the day eagerly and largely availed themselves. The +third and final collection consists of upwards of 150 melodies; "Of +these," the editor remarks in his Preface, "considerably more than 120 +are now for the first time published, the remainder being sets much +superior to those already known." Bunting did not live to carry out his +plan of republishing his first two collections uniform with the third. +He died December 21, 1843, aged seventy. A copious memoir of him, +accompanied with a portrait, may be found in the _Dublin University +Magazine_, No. XLI., January, 1847. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Colonies in England_ (Vol. iv., pp. 272. 370.).--In Vol. iv., p. 207. +inquiry is made about the existence of colonies of Moors and others in +different parts of England: I was not aware of there being any such as +those he mentions, but as your correspondent wishes to know of any +others which may still exist, I can inform him that colonies of +Spaniards are known of in Mount's Bay and Torbay. The latter, from +having intermingled with the surrounding population, have not now, I +believe, much more than a traditionary Spanish descent; whilst the +former, on the contrary, have kept aloof, and are easily distinguished +from their marked Spanish features. This colony is planted at Mousehole; +and, according to their account, they have been settled there upwards of +three centuries. Another account declares the original settlers to have +formed part of the Spanish Armada; and that after its defeat, they made +a descent on this part of the Cornish coast, drove out or killed the +former inhabitants and have ever since remained unmolested, and in great +measure distinct from the surrounding inhabitants. The nature of the +country in which they settled has, no doubt, proved favourable to them +in this respect, as the soil is barren and rocky, with thinly scattered +villages inhabited by a hardy race of fishermen. + + H. L. + +The settlement of a colony of Flemings in the lower part of +Pembrokeshire, called Rhos and Castle Martin, in the time of Henry I., +was one of the subjects discussed at the meeting of the Cambrian +Archæological Association at Tenby in August last, where the subject was +fully debated, and the fact seemed established. A full report of this +discussion is contained in the October number of the _Cambrian +Archæological Association_, published by Pickering, London. + + T. O. M. + +_"History of Anglesey," &c._ (Vol. iv, p. 317.).--This publication is +attributed to the Rev. J. Thomas in a note to page 230. of the _Cambrian +Plutarch_, by the late J. Humphreys Parry. + + T. O. M. + +_The Lowey of Tunbridge_ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--There still is, I +believe, a district known by this name. In order to save the valuable +space in "NOTES AND QUERIES," I will merely refer E. N. W. for +information respecting it to the following works: + + "A Perambulation of Kent; written in the yeere 1570 by William + Lambarde of Lincolnes Inn, Gent. Imprinted at London by Edm. + Bollisant, 1596."--Page 425. + +This first I believe to be a somewhat scarce book. + + "A Topographie or Survey of the County of Kent. By Richard + Kilburne, London, 1659."--Pp. 276, 277. + + "Tunbridge Wells and its Neighbourhood. By Paul Amsinck, Esq., + London, 1810."--Pp. 97-99. + +There are incidental notices of Tunbridge Lowey in Hasted's _History of +Kent_. From the _Parliamentary Gazetteer_ I extract the following (to +which my attention has been directed by a friend):-- + + "Tunbridge Lowey, a division in the Lathe of Aylesford, County of + Kent. Area, 20,660 acres; houses, 2,072; population in 1831, + 12,233." + +In 1841 the census returns for that district gave a population of +14,638. + +There is also, I believe, another "Lowey," viz. that of Pevensey. + + R. VINCENT. + +_Praed's Works_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--About five years since I saw in +the travelling library of an American lady a very good edition of +Praed's _Poems_, small 8vo. clear type, published (I believe) in the +_States_. The owner promised to send me a fac-simile of the work, on her +return to New York; but family bereavements and various painful +circumstances have arisen to banish the recollection of such a promise. +I have asked for the book in vain in London; but if your correspondent +K. S. is very anxious to procure a copy, I would suggest an order for +it, given through _Chapman in the Strand_, to whom Wiley and Putnam +appear to have transferred the American literary agency. I should think +the price would not exceed six or seven shillings. + + YUNAF. + + [This collection was published by Griswold of New York in 1844. We + saw a copy at Tupling's, No. 320. Strand, a few days since.] + +_John à Cumber_ (Vol. iv., p. 83.).--Some months ago MR. J. P. COLLIER +made some inquiries respecting John à Kent, the Princess Sidanen, and +John à Cumber. Respecting the two latter I was enabled to furnish some +information; and since that I have fallen upon the traces of John à +Cumber. My inquiries have recently been directed to the scene of the +Battle of Cattraeth or Siggeston (Kirby Sigston); and I have +endeavoured, hitherto ineffectually, to find some good description of +the scenery of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and of the great plain of +Mowbray, which was probably the scene of the conflict described by +Aneurin, and which, I believe, includes both Catterick and Sigston. It +was in that country that I found John à Cumber, who is most probably the +person described in the following extract:-- + + "Thirsk.--In the reign of Henry VII. an insurrection broke out + here, in consequence of an obnoxious tax. This was a subsidy + granted by the parliament to the king, to enable him to carry on + the war in Brittany against the French. The Earl of Northumberland + had signified at an assembly, that the king would not remit any + part of the tax, though the northern people had besought it; when + they, taking the earl to be the cause of the answer, fell upon, + and slew him, together with several of his servants, at the + instigation of one John à Chamber. They then placed themselves + under a leader, Sir John Egremond, who, on being defeated by the + Earl of Surrey, fled into Burgundy. John à Chamber and some others + were taken, and executed at York."--_A Picturesque Tour in + Yorkshire and Derbyshire_, by the late Edward Dayes, London, 1825, + pp. 147-8. + +Dayes gives no authorities[2]; but this may afford a clue to further +discoveries. + + T. STEPHENS. + + Merthyr, Nov. 21. 1851. + + [Footnote 2: [Dayes' account of the above insurrection will be + found in Kennett's _History of England_, vol. i. p. 595.--ED.]] + +_Punishment of Prince Edward of Carnarvon_ (Vol. iv., pp. 338. +409.).--MR. W. S. GIBSON will find further particulars of the offence +and punishment of this prince in a paper by Mr. Blaauw on the recently +discovered letters of Prince Edward, which is published in the second +volume of the _Sussex Archæological Collections_. The offence appears to +have been committed in May or June, 1305, and the minister was, as has +been stated, Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, the +king's Treasurer, but in the letters called Bishop of Chester; a seeming +discrepancy arising from the fact that the Bishops of Lichfield and +Coventry were not unfrequently called Bishops of Chester at that period, +which was two centuries before the present see of Chester was created. + + W. S. W. + + Middle Temple. + +It may be as well to add a note to your two communications from MR. +JOSEPH BURTT and R. S. V. P., that the _Bishop of Chester_, named by the +former, is one and the same person with the _Bishop of Lichfield and +Coventry_, named by the latter, as suggested by MR. FOSS; the two +bishoprics being identical, and almost as often called by one title as +by the other. + + P. P. C. + +_Joceline's Legacy_ (Vol. iv., pp. 367. 410.).--The _first_ edition I +believe to have been "_The Mother's Legacie to her Vnborne Childe_, by +Elizabeth Iocelin, London. Printed by Iohn Hauiland, for William Barret, +1624." pp. 114. + title, approbation and epistle dedicatorie (40). + +Henry Jocelyn, a younger son of Sir Thomas Jocelyn, who died 4 Eliz., +married Anne, daughter and heir of Humphry Torrell, Esq., of Torrell's +Hall, Essex, by whom he had Sir Thomas Jocelyn, Knt., and _other sons;_ +one of whom I suspect to have been the Tourell Jocelin, husband to Eliz. +Jocelin, the authoress of this excellent little tract. + + P. B. + +_Bristol Tables_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--The four remarkable bronze +tables, respecting which E. N. W. inquires, formerly stood under the +piazza of the "Tolzey," or "Counter," in Bristol; the place where the +merchants transacted business. On the opening of the Exchange in 1743, +they were removed, and fixed in front of that building, where they now +stand. It appears that they were presented to the city at different +times, and by different persons. On a garter, beneath the surface of one +of them, is the following inscription:-- + + "Thomas Hobson of Bristol made me, anno 1625. Nicholas Crisp of + London gave me to this honourable city in remembrance of God's + mercy in anno domini 1625. N. C." + +On a ring round the surface is this inscription: + + "Praise the Lord, O my soul! and forget not all his benefits. He + saved my life from destruction, and ... to his mercy and + loving-kindness. Praise...." + +On a ring round the surface of the second is the following: + + "A.D. 1631. This is the gift of Mr. White of Bristoll, Merchant, + brother unto Dr. Thomas White, a famous benefactor to this citie." + +On the garter round the exterior is this inscription: + + "The church of the Living God is the pillar and ground of the + truth. So was the work of the pillars finished." + +The third table has the following words round the surface: + + "This Post is the gift of Master Robert Kitchen, Merchant, some + time Maior and Alderman of this city, who deceased Sep. 1. 1594." + +On the ring below the surface: + + "His Executors were fower of his servants. John Barker, Mathew + Howil, and Abell Kitchin, Aldermen of this city, and John + Rowborow, Sherif. 1630." + +Six lines in verse, and a shield with armorial bearings, formerly +appeared as the centre of this table; but they are now obliterated. + +The fourth table, which is supposed to be the oldest, has no +inscription. + +These curious round tables, on which the merchants of this ancient city +formerly made their payments, and wrote their letters, &c., are now used +by the newsmen, who here sell the daily journals, &c. In times of +popular excitement, they have been sometimes used as pedestals, whence +mob-orators, and candidates for parliamentary honours, have harangued +the populace. + + J. R. W. + +_Grimsdyke or Grimesditch_ (Vol. iv., pp. 192. 330.).--There is a +hundred in Norfolk called Grimeshoe or Grimeshow, of which Blomefield, +in his History, vol. ii. p. 148., says: + + "It most probably derives its name from _Grime_ and _hoo_, a hilly + champaign country. This Grime was (as I take it) some considerable + leader or general, probably of the Danes, in this quarter; and if + he was not the _præsitus comitatus_, or _vicecomes_, that is, the + shire reeve or sheriff, he was undoubtedly the _Centuriæ + præpositus_, that is, the hundred-greeve; and, as such, gave the + name to it, which it retains to this day." + +Near this is a curious Danish encampment, with a number of pits and +tumuli, called _Grime's Graves_, from the aforementioned Grime. These +are about two miles east of the village of Weeting, on a rising ground. +On the west side of the village is a bank and ditch, extending several +miles, called the Fen-dyke or Foss. The encampment contains about two +acres, and is of a semicircular form. There are numerous deep pits dug +within it in the quincunx form, and capable of concealing a large army. +There are also several tumuli, one in particular of a long shape. The +usual opinion respecting these remains is, that it was the seat of great +military operations between the Saxons and Danes. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Derivation of "Æra"_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--With regard to the +derivation of _Æra_ (or _Era_). I have always been accustomed to +explain the derivation of _Æra_ or _Era_ thus:--that it is a term +transferred from the [brazen] tablets, on which the records of events +were noted, to the events themselves, and thence to the computum, or +fixed chronological point from which the reckoning proceeds. + +My difficulty here has been to find sufficient instances of the use of +brass in ancient times for these purposes. Brass was the material on +which laws, &c. were commonly registered: but the fasti at present +discovered, as far as I can learn, are engraven on marble; as, for +instance, the Fasti Capitolini, discovered in the Roman Forum in 1547, +and the fragments afterwards brought to light in 1817, 1818. + +Isidore of Hispola, in the eighth century, in his _Origines_, gives this +derivation: + + "Æra singulorum annorum constituta est a Cæsare Augusto, quando + primum censum exegit. Dicta autem Æra ex eo, quod omnis orbis æs + reddere professus est reipublicæ." + +I quote on the authority of Facciolati, who adds that others derive the +word from the letters A.ER.A., "annus erat Augusti." These are not at +all satisfactory; and I shall be glad if you will allow me to throw in +my derivation as "being worth what it will fetch." + + THEOPHYLACT. + +Koch says, in note 5 to the Introduction of his _Revolution of Europe_, +that "æra" is derived from the initials of the phrase "Anno erat +regnante Augusto;" and was first used among the Spaniards, who dated +from the renewal of the second triumvirate even down to the fourteenth +or fifteenth centuries. + + HD. + +_Scent of the Blood-hound_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--C. H. asks whether it +be true that hound loses his scent-- + + "If he fele swetness of þe flouris." + +A few years ago a master of fox-hounds in the New Forest excused some +bad sport in March thus "The hounds can't hunt for those d--d stinking +violets!" rather to the amusement of some of his field. + + G. N. + +_Monk and Cromwell Families_ (Vol. iv., p. 381.).--A SUBSCRIBER seems to +imply that the Monk and Cromwell families intermarried. In Chauncy's +_Hertfordshire_, vol. i. p. 582. of the new edition, but which was +originally printed in 1700, it is stated, that the well-known manor of +Theobalds was granted by Charles II. to the great Monk in tail male; on +the death of his son, Duke Christopher, it reverted to the crown; and +that King William, by letters patent of the 4th of April, 1689, gave it +to William Bentinck, who was created Earl of Portland. It must have come +therefore, to the Cromwells by intermarriage either with Bentinck, +which, I believe, was not the case, or with some subsequent purchasers +of the manor. Theobalds originally belonged to Sir Robert Cecil, of whom +James I. obtained it in exchange for Hatfield. It was given as reward +for restoring the Stuarts to Monk, and to Bentinck for assisting again +to expel them. + + J. H. L. + +"_Truth is that which a man troweth_" (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--For the +information of your correspondent Γ. I send the following, +which I believe to be the original authority for the above saying. It is +taken from the celebrated work of Horne Tooke's, entitled _Diversions of +Purley_, which, though highly interesting as a treasury of philological +information, contains this among other absurd attempts to base moral +conclusions on the foundation of etymology:-- + + "_Truth_ is the third person singular of the indicative _trow_. It + was formerly written _troweth_, _trowth_, _trouth_, and _troth_. + And it means (_aliquid_, anything, something) that which one + _troweth_, i.e. thinketh, or firmly believeth." + +Dugald Stewart, in his _Philosophical Essays_, justly observes regarding +the principle involved in such speculations, that "if it were admitted +as sound, it would completely undermine the foundations both of logic +and of ethics." + + TYRO. + + Dublin. + +"_Worse than a Crime_" (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--In reply to a question you +attribute the famous saying concerning the murder of the Duc D'Enghien +to Talleyrand. + +If you will refer to p. 266. vol. i. of Fouché's _Memoirs_, 2nd edition, +1825, C. Knight, you will find that he claims the saying to himself: + + "I was not the person who hesitated to express himself with the + least restraint respecting the violence against the rights of + nations and of humanity. 'It is more than a crime, it is a + political fault.' I said words which I record, because they have + been repeated and attributed to others." + + J. W. + + Walsall. + +In matters of rumour different people hear different things. I never +heard the words "c'estoit pire qu'un crime, c'estoit une faute," +ascribed to any one but Fouché of Nantes. I have understood that the +late Prince of Condé would not hold any intercourse with the Prince de +Talleyrand, or with the Court when he was present officiating as Grand +Chamberlain of France, owing to his full conviction of that minister's +privity to the murder of his son. But how is that consistent with +Talleyrand's more than condemning, and even ridiculing the action? + + A. N. + +_Verses in Classical Prose_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--Merely as matter of +information, permit me to refer your correspondent A. A. D. to the notes +of Glareanus and Drakenborch on the first lines of Livy's preface, and +to the "variorum" commentators on the first line of Tacitus' _Annals_ +("Urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere"), for a collection of +examples of the occurrence of verse in prose compositions. + + THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY. + +_Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru_ (Vol. iv., p. 257.).--Probably the +melodramatic spectacle mentioned by MR. HASKINS was derived from a +Spanish book, of which I possess an English translation, bearing the +following title:-- + + "A Relation of the First Voyages and Discoveries made by the + Spaniards in America, with an Account of their unparalleled + Cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above Forty + Millions of People. Together with the Propositions offered to the + King of Spain, to prevent the further ruin of the West Indies. By + Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an + Eye-witness of their Cruelties. Illustrated with Cuts. London, + printed for Daniel Brown at the Black Swan and Bible without + Temple Bar, and Andrew Bell at the Cross Keys and Bible in + Cornhill, near Stocks Market, 1699." 8vo. pp. 248. + +The "cuts" are twenty-two in number, on two fly-sheets, and represent +torturing death in the most horrible variety. + +A MS. note on a fly-leaf, in the handwriting of Mr. Bowdler of Bath, +says, "This book is taken out of the fourth part of Purchas's +_Pilgrims_, fol. 1569." + + E. WARING. + + Hotwells, Clifton. + +_Nolo Episcopari_ (Vol. iv., p. 346.).--_Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ seems to +ascribe the above oft-quoted words to the _Roman Pontifical_:-- + + "It is lawful to desire a Bishoprick; neither can the + unwillingness to accept it be, in a prudent account, adjudged the + aptest disposition to receive it (especially if done in + ceremony--(in Pontifical. Rom.)--just in the instant of their + entertainment of it, and possibly after a long ambition.)"--_Life + of Christ_, Ad Sect. IX. Part I. 2.; _Considerations upon the + Baptism of Jesus_, p. 96. Lond. 1702. Fol. + +On more occasions than one I have hunted Roman Pontificals in vain, but +I may have been unfortunate in the editions to which I had access. + +It cannot at all events have descended from remote antiquity, for +"episcopari" is a comparatively modern word. + +St. Bernard uses it in his 272nd _Epistle_; but the Benedictine editors +speak of it as an "exotic." + + RT. + + Warmington. + +_Hougoumont_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The assertion of your correspondent +A. B. R. I have met with before, but forget where: viz. that the proper +designation of the château in question is _Goumont_, and that +_Hougoumont_ is only a corruption of _Château Goumont_. + +This may be the case; but the Duke must not be charged with the +corruption, for I have now before me a map of the Département de la +Dyle, published "l'An 8 de la République Française, à Bruxelles, &c., +par Ph. J. Maillart et Soeur," &c., in which the place is distinctly +called _Hougoumont_. + + A. C. M. + + Exeter. + +_Call a Spade, a Spade_ (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--I have found two early, +but unauthenticated, instances of the use of this saying, in a note by +J. Scaliger on the _Priapeia, sive Diversorum Poetarum in Priapum +Lusus_:-- + + "Simplicius multo est, ----, latinè + Dicere, quid faciam? crassa Minervæ mea est." + + _Carmen_, ii. 9, 10. + + "Ἄγροικός εἰμι· τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγω;" + Aristophanes.--"Unde jocus maximi Principis, Philippi Macedonis. + Quum ii, qui prodiderant Olynthum Philippo, conquestum et + expostulatum ad ipsum venissent, quod injuriosè nimis vocarentur + proditores ab aliis Macedonibus: οἱ Μακεδόνες, inquit, ἀμαθεῖς + καὶ ἄγροικοί εἰσι· τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγουσι."—J. Scaliger. + +For which note see the "Priapeia," &c., at the end of an edition of +Petronius Arbiter, entitled, _Titi Petronii Arbitri Equitis Romani +Satyricon. Concinnante Michaele Hadrianide. Amstelodami. Typis Ioannis +Blaeu. M.DC.LXIX._ + +As I cannot at this moment refer to any good verbal index to +Aristophanes, I cannot ascertain in what part of his works Scaliger's +quotation is to be found. Burton, in his preface to the _Anatomy of +Melancholy_ ("Democritus Junior to the Reader"), repeats the saying +twice, _i.e._ in Latin and English, and presents it, moreover, in an +entirely new form: + + "I am _aquæ potor_, drink no wine at all, which so much improves + our modern wits; a loose, plain, rude writer, _ficum voco ficum, + et ligonem ligonem_, and as free as loose; _idem calamo quod in + mente_: I call a spade a spade; _animis hæc scribo, non auribus_, + I respect matter, not words," &c.--Democritus Jr. to the Reader, + Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, Blake, MDCCCXXXVI. one vol. 8vo. + p. 11. + + C. FORBES. + + Temple. + +"_Tace is Latin for a Candle_" (Vol. i., p. 385.; Vol. ii., p. +45.).--Your correspondent H. B. C. states that the earliest use he has +met with of this phrase is in Dean Swift's _Polite Conversation_, +written, as appears by the preface, about 1731; but he will find, in +Dampier's _Voyages_, the same phrase in use in 1686, or perhaps earlier: +not having the work itself at hand, I cannot refer him to the passage, +but he will find it quoted in the _United Service Journal_ for 1837, +Part III. p. 11. + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica, Oct. 1851. + +_Collars of SS._ (Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236.).--With reference to the +different notices that have appeared in your pages respecting effigies +bearing the collar of SS, and especially in compliance with the desire +expressed by MR. E. FOSS, that information should be sent to you of any +effigy that might be met with having this distinction, I beg to state +that in the church of St. Mary, Ruabon, Denbighshire, there is a finely +executed high tomb of alabaster, bearing the effigies of "John ap Ellis +Eyton" and of his lady "Elizabeth Chalfrey Ellis Eyton;" the former +deceased A.D. 1524, and the latter A.D. 1527. The knight wears the +collar of SS, to which is suspended a rose-shaped ornament, and is +stated to have been at the battle of Bosworth, and, for his services on +that day, to have been granted by Henry VII. what lands he chose. The +knight's gauntlets lie together on his right side, and his feet rest +against a lion. + + G. J. R. G. + + Pen-y-lau, Ruabon. + +_Locusts of the New Testament_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255. 351.).--In reference +to the word ἀκρὶς, which has given rise to so much discussion +in your very valuable periodical, may I be permitted to observe that the +pâtois spoken in this town (Nice = Nizza = Nicæa, founded by the +Phocæans, expelled their Asian abode by Harpagus; Strabo, l. 4. p. 184.; +Herod. i. 163.) bears many traces of its Greek origin. The tree which +answers to the "locust" is called by the peasantry _acroòb_; and in +order that you, or any of your correspondents, may observe its +similarity in every point to the Eastern tree, I have transmitted a +packet of its fruit to your office. I do not know whether Grimm's law +would authorise the antithesis of a _d_ for a _p_ sound, but every +student of Romaic will allow the tendency that _i_ and _o_ sounds have +for interchanging. This would give _acreed_, ακρίδ, the root of +ἀκρὶς. + + NICÆENSIS. + +_Theodolite_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--If your correspondent J. S. WOOD will +refer to Todd's _Johnson's Dictionary_, he will find the derivation of +the word thus-- + + "THEODOLITE (Fr. from θεῶ, Gr., contracted of θεάω, or θεάομαι, to + observe; and δολιχὸς, long. See Morin, _Fr. and Gr. Etym. Dict._), + a mathematical instrument for taking heights and distances." + + HENRY WILKINSON. + + Brompton, Nov. 15. 1851. + +"_A Posie of other Men's Flowers_" (Vol. iv., p. 211.).--Your +correspondent MR. C. FORBES appears anxious to know where Montaigne +speaks of "a posie of other men's flowers." I believe that there is an +error in confining Montaigne's idea thus exclusively to poetry, for I +presume the passage sought for is what I shall now quote; but if so, it +applies generally to any borrowed thought from an author embellished by +another: + + "La vérité et la raison sont communes à un chascun, et ne sont + plus à celui qui les adictes premièrement, qu'à qui les dict + aprez: ce n'est non plus selon Platon que selon moy, puisque luy + et moy l'entendons, et veoyons de mesme. _Les abeilles pillotent + deça delà les fleurs; mais elles en font aprez le miel, qui est + tout leur; ce n'est plus thym, ny mariolaine_; ainsi les pièces + empruntées d'aultruy, il les transformera et confondra pour en + faire un ouvrage tout sien, à scavoir son jugement," + &c.--_Essays_, livre i. chap. 25. + +I hope that this will satisfactorily answer your correspondent's +inquiry. + + J. R. + +_Voltaire_ (Vol. iii. p. 433.).--On the subject of _anagrams_, lately +adverted to by your correspondents, I not long since referred to that +which showed that the name of _Voltaire_, as adduced by me in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ a few years back, instead of being, as asserted +by Lord Brougham and others, that of an estate, was in fact the anagram +of his family patronymic, with the adjunct of l. j., or junior (le +jeune), to distinguish him from his elder brother. We see similarly the +President of the French National Assembly uniformly called "Dupin +l'aîné"; and his brother Charles, until created a Baron, always "Dupin +le jeune." Observing, therefore, that Voltaire was in reality Arouet le +jeune, or, as he signed it, Arouet l. j., and that the two letters u and +j were, until distinguished by the Elzevir, indiscriminately written v +and i, the anagram will thus be clearly proved: every letter, though +transposed, being equally in both:-- + + A R O V E T L J + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + + V O L T A I R E + 4 3 7 6 1 8 2 5 + +Although, as above mentioned, this unquestionable fact has already +appeared in another publication, and, indeed, likewise in the _Dublin +Review_ for June 1845 (both from me), yet the old mis-statement of this +celebrated personage's biographers still continued to be asserted, as it +has been in your own pages. This is my motive for now addressing you on +the matter. Voltaire, I may add, was a little partial to his paternal +name. To the Abbé Moussinot, his Parisian agent, he thus wrote on the +17th of May, 1741: + + "Je vous ai envoyé ma signature, dans laquelle j'ai oublié le nom + d'Arouet, que j'oublie assez volontiers." + +And, on another occasion: + + "Je vous renvoie d'autres parchemins, où se trouve ce nom, malgré + le peu de cas que j'en fais." + +Mixing with the higher classes of society, he wished, like them, to be +known by a territorial possession, and framed the name now resounding +through the world, prefixing to it the nobiliary particle, _De_. His +elder brother was named Armond, whose death preceded that of the younger +by thirty-seven years, 1741-1778; both were unmarried. Numerous, and +curious too, are the anagrams which my memory could furnish me. + + J. R. + +_Sinaïtic Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--The decipherer of these +inscriptions was the late Professor Beer of Berlin. T. D. will find his +alphabet, together with that of the Himyaritic inscriptions, and others +which resemble them, in Dr. (John) Wilson's _Lands of the Bible_. + + E. H. D. D. + +_Le Greene at Wrexham_ (Vol. iv., p. 371.).--A survey of the lordships +of Bromfield and Yale (within the former of which this town is +situated), made by Norden about the year 1620 for Charles I., then +Prince of Wales, has been preserved in the Harleian Collection in the +British Museum. The descriptive part is in Latin; but before the names +of the places and streets in this town the French article _le_ is used, +as Le highe street, Le hope street, Le church street, Le beast market, +Le greene. The larger part of this Le greene (now called "The Green") +has still grass growing upon it; and there is no tradition that either a +granary or corn-mill was ever situated there. + + [Pointing hand symbol] + + Wrexham. + +_Cross-legged Effigies_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--In the parish church of +Limington, Somerset, is a figure of a cross-legged knight, with his hand +on the hilt of his sword, as if about to draw it. The date of the +foundation of the chantry in which he lies is said to be 1329, and the +mouldings and windows appear to testify its correctness. + + [Hebrew: Beth.] + +_The Word Ἀδελφὸς_ (Vol. iv., p. 339.).--Your correspondent, +the Rev. T. R. BROWN, is right in acquiescing in the ordinary derivation +of ἀδελφὸς from ἀ and δέλφυς, but wrong, as I think, in +endeavouring to find cognate forms in the Indo-Germanic +languages. The fact is, that the word is solely and peculiarly Greek. +The Sanscrit word for brother is, as every body knows, _bhratri_ (Latin, +_frater_, &c.); and that this form was not entirely unknown to the +Hellenic races, is evidenced by their use of φράτρα, or +φράτρη, in various senses, all of which may easily be reduced +to the one common idea of brotherhood. How it happened that the word +φρατὴρ was lost in Greek, and ἀδελφὸς substituted, +we think we can satisfactorily explain, and, if so, the elucidation will +make clearer an interesting point in Greek manners. It appears that +they, in common with some Eastern nations, looked upon the relationship +between brothers of the same mother as much closer in blood than that in +which the brothers were related through the father alone; and hence the +well-known law forbidding ἀδελφοὶ ὁμομητρίοι _alone_ to +marry. In the same manner we find Abraham (Gen. xx. 12.) using a similar +excuse for marrying Sarah: + + "And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my + father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my + wife." + +It is not difficult, therefore, to understand how this notion prevailing +among the Greeks, might lead them to frame a new word from ἀ +and δέλφυς, to express the uterine relation of brothers, which +would soon in common use supplant the older Indo-German term φρατὴρ. +For further reasons which may have influenced the dropping of +the word φρατὴρ, I would refer to a learned article on +"Comparative Philology" in the last number of the _Edinburgh Review_, by +Dr. Max Müller. + +With regard to the derivations suggested by MR. BROWN from the Hebrew, +Arabic, &c., I think I am justified in laying down as a rule that no +apparent similarity between words in the Semitic and Asian families can +be used to establish a real identity, the two classes of language being +radically and fundamentally distinct. + + J. B. + +_Finger Pillories_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--Meeting recently with a person +who, although illiterate, is somewhat rich in oral tradition and local +folk lore, I inquired if he had ever seen such a thing as that described +by MR. LAWRENCE. He replied that he had not, but that he had frequently +heard of these "stocks," as he called them, and that he believed they +were used in "earlier days" for the purpose of inflicting _penance_ upon +those parishioners who absented themselves from mass for any lengthened +period. My informant illustrated his explanation with a "traditionary" +anecdote (too fabulous to trouble you with), which had been the means of +imparting the above to him. Whether correct or not, however, I must +leave others to determine. + + J. B. COLMAN. + + [Will our correspondent favour us with the tradition to which he + refers?] + +_Blackloana Heresis_ (Vol. iv., p. 239.).--The accounts given of +Blacklow and his religious heresy merely excite curiosity. Will no one +furnish some brief particulars of him and his proceedings? For what was +Peter Talbot famous, and where may his history be read? + + E. A. M. + +_Quaker Expurgated Bible._--A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (Vol. +iv., p. 412.) has answered my Query respecting this Bible in a manner +not very satisfactory. He says "no committee was ever appointed by the +Society of Friends" to publish such a Bible, and that the Society adopt +the English authorised version only. The authority from which I quoted +did not say that the committee had been appointed by the Society of +Friends, or that the object of the proposed publication was to supersede +the version authorised by the Church, which (as is well known) is +adopted, as your correspondent states, by the Society. What she states +is this:--That about four years ago a Committee of Friends intended to +publish such an edition of the Bible, for daily perusal in Friends' +families; and that a prospectus was printed, in which it was promised +that every passage of the Bible would be carefully expunged which was +unfit for reading aloud, and also those which might be called dangerous, +which the unlearned and unstable might wrest to their own destruction. + +My Query was, whether such a Bible was ever published, and whether any +of your correspondents could furnish a copy of the prospectus alluded +to? It is no answer to this to say, that the committee who proposed to +publish this Bible were not appointed by the Society of Friends, and +that the Friends applied to by your correspondent knew nothing of the +project. The authoress of the work I quoted has since been publicly +named, and if this query should meet her eye, perhaps she may be able to +give me the information I require. It is the more incumbent upon her to +do so, as the tone of your correspondent is evidently intended to throw +a doubt upon her veracity. + + T. + +"_Acu tinali merida_" (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--An ingenious friend has +suggested to me the following explanation of this passage: +Ἄκουε τὴν ἄλλην μερίδα. It is rendered almost certain by the words that come +immediately after, in the line quoted by C. W. G., _i.e._ "audi alteram +partem." I am unable, however, to point out the source from which the +Greek motto was derived. Perhaps some of your readers will solve this +ulterior question. + + C. H. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +What the Laureate of the day, inspired by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, +sang in 1748,-- + + "Th' Almighty hand, which first her shores secured + With rolling oceans, and with rocks immured, + Which spread her plains, and bade her flocks increase, + Designed Britannia for the Land of Peace; + Where Commerce only should exert her sway, + And musing Science trim th' unfading bay"-- + +was in 1851 recognised by the whole civilised world, not as a poetical +fiction, but as a practical, we had almost said a political, truth. +Hence the Crystal Palace, that glorious Temple of Concord, which those +potent genii Fox and Henderson, at the bidding of the arch-magician +Paxton, raised before our eyes, to put to shame the visionary glories of +the _Arabian Nights_;--and hence the avidity with which, like +ministering sprites, all the great manufacturers and producers, artists +and artizans, vied with each other in assembling beneath its fairy dome +the masterpieces of their respective skill, ingenuity, and science. +Hence, too, the unfading interest with which, day after day, from May +until October, did thousands upon thousands press forward to gaze upon a +scene unparalleled in the world's history, whether for costliness of +display or moral grandeur. + +Of such an event--of such a scene, which it was acknowledged fairly +represented the productive genius of the whole world, all may well +desire to preserve some remembrance; and whatever may be the fate of the +Crystal Palace, the great gathering of the nations which assembled under +its roof has found an imperishable monument in the three handsome octavo +volumes which form _The Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue +of the Great Exhibition_, 1851. In this great and useful record--the raw +materials for which were furnished by no fewer than _fifteen thousand +authors_--we have not only an account of every article exhibited, +accompanied in many instances by valuable notes from the ablest +scientific pens, pointing out the leading features of interest in the +objects described--which annotations again are rendered still more +valuable by the twelve hundred woodcut illustrations which are scattered +through these pages,--but we have also Mr. Cole's valuable Historical +Introduction, illustrating the Rise of the Exhibition, its Progress and +Completion; Mr. Digby Wyatt's able account of the Construction of the +Building and of the mechanical applications employed; and Mr. Ellis' +interesting description of the Revision and Preparation of the +Catalogue; when we add that it contains, moreover, all sorts of Indices +and Lists for facilitating references--our readers will, we think, agree +with us that this most complete, instructive, and extraordinary +Catalogue may fairly be regarded as _An Encyclopædia of the Industry of +all Nations in 1851_, and as such should find a place not only in every +factory and workshop, but in every study and educational establishment +within the realm. To meet the requirements of those who cannot purchase +the _Illustrated Catalogue_, Messrs. Spicer have issued a corrected and +improved edition of the _Official Catalogue, with Alphabetical Indices +of Names and Subjects, and British and Foreign Priced Lists_: while to +enable the non-scientific reader to understand, and to furnish the +scientific reader with the results, or, as we might term it, a +summing-up of the details to be found in the works already described, +they commissioned Mr. Robert Hunt to prepare a _Handbook to the Official +Catalogues; an Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and +Manufactures of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations_, +1851; and that gentleman has so ably executed his task, that, though +some who may only wish for general views and impressions may content +themselves with his _Handbook_, the majority of the purchasers of the +larger Catalogues must secure Mr. Hunt's interesting volume as an +indispensable companion to them. + +When we read the announcement that Mr. Planché was about to publish _The +Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded upon Facts_, we looked for a +work in which good common sense and sound antiquarian knowledge would be +found applied to an important branch of historical learning, which has +been too often followed by men whose disregard of the former, and want +of the latter gift, have done much to justify Voltaire's biting sarcasm +upon heraldry. Nor have we been disappointed. The work is one of facts +rather than of inferences; and although the accomplished gentleman now +at the head of the College of Arms, to whom, "as an able antiquary and +worthy man," the work is most appropriately dedicated, may probably +dissent from some of Mr. Planché's views, he will, we are sure, admit +that they are cautiously advanced, and maintained with learning and +ability; and that the _Pursuivant of Arms_, with its numerous woodcut +illustrations drawn from old seals, monuments, &c., is a valuable +contribution towards a more perfect knowledge of heraldic antiquities. + +Few books of travels in the East have excited greater attention, on +their first appearance, or maintained their popularity for a longer +period, than the lively volume entitled _Eothen_. In selecting it, +therefore, for the Eleventh and Twelfth Parts of _The Traveller's +Library_, Messrs. Longman have shown their determination to maintain the +interest of that excellent series of cheap books. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--C. Skeet's (21. King William Street, Strand) +Catalogue No. 3. of Old and New Books; W. Lumley's (56. Chancery Lane) +Bibliographical Advertiser No. 9., Ninth Series; E. Stibbs's (331. +Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books; W. S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Seventy-fifth Catalogue of English, +Foreign, Classical and Miscellaneous Cheap Second-hand Books; and +Supplementary Catalogue of Italian Books. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a +copy. + +FLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of +his works. + +BEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS. + +LAW'S APPEAL, &c. + +LAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON. + +HUNTER'S DEANERY OF DONCASTER. Vol. I. Large or small paper. + +CLARE'S RURAL MUSE. + +CHRISTIAN PIETY FREED FROM THE DELUSIONS OF MODERN ENTHUSIASTS. A.D. +1756 or 1757. + +AN ANSWER TO FATHER HUDDLESTONE'S SHORT AND PLAIN WAY TO THE FAITH AND +CHURCH. By Samuel Grascombe. London, 1703. 8vo. + +REASONS FOR ABROGATING THE TEST IMPOSED UPON ALL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. +by Samuel Parker, Lord Bishop of Oxon. 1688. 4to. + +LEWIS'S LIFE OF CAXTON. 8vo. 1737. + +CATALOGUE OF JOSEPH AMES'S LIBRARY. 8vo. 1760. + +TRAPP'S COMMENTARY. Folio. Vol. I. + +WHITLAY'S PARAPHRASE ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. Folio. Vol. I. 1706. + +LONG'S ASTRONOMY. 4to. 1742. + +ADAMS' MORAL TALES. + +AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. JOHNSON. 1805. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. _In compliance with the suggestion of several +correspondents, that the space now occupied by our enumeration of +catalogues published during the week might be filled with information of +greater interest to our readers, such announcements will in future be +discontinued._ + +O. S. _The passage_-- + + "Finds tongues in trees," &c. + +_is in Shakspeare's_ As You Like It, Act II. Scene 1. + +W. S. (Linwood). _The_ History of Napoleon _in the_ Family Library _was +written by Mr. Lockhart._ + +MR. FENTON'S _Query was received, and, as we thought, inserted. It shall +be attended to._ + +DRYASDUST'S _Query respecting the "Crucifix" appeared in our last +Number_, p. 422. + +_A copy of_ D'ARBLAY'S DIARY, Vol. II., _has been reported, and may be +had of the Publisher._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Coins of Vabalathus--Crosses and Crucifixes--Mrs. +Mary Anne Clarke--Coke, how pronounced--Freemasonry--Calendar of +Knights--Ellrake--Isabel of Man--Cromwell Estates--Jonah and the Whale, +&c.--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Locust Tree--Story in Jeremy +Taylor--Deep Well near Banstead Downs--Erroneous Scripture +Quotations--Crowns have their Compass--Presant Family--Dido and Æneas, +&c.--Earwig--Passage in Virgil--Passage in Campbell--Bristol +Tables--Slums, &c.--Serpent with a Human Head--Abigail--Hogarth and +Cooper._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + +_Erratum._--Vol. iv. p. 429. col. i. 1. 15. for "works of" read "works +of two of." + + + + +THE ART JOURNAL FOR JANUARY 1852. + + Circulation guaranteed at 30,000. + + Advertisements for January should be addressed to MR. CLARK, "Art + Journal Office," 8. Wellington Street North, ON OR BEFORE THE + THIRTEENTH INSTANT. + + +SEASONABLE GIFT-BOOK FOR THE YOUNG. + + Just published, fcap. 8vo., cloth, with Steel Engravings, price + 4_s._ 6_d._ + + THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS, and OTHER TALES. 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With a Life of Scott, and Illustrations on + Wood and Steel. 12mo. handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, + 5_s._, or large paper, with additional Engravings, 6_s._ 6_d._ + + II. + + A New Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The + Tales of a Grandfather." 12mo., illustrated by numerous Engravings + on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, gilt leaves, 4_s._ + + III. + + A New Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The + Tales of a Grandfather." 3 vols. 12mo., illustrated by numerous + Engravings on Wood and Steel, and handsomely bound in cloth, + 12_s._, extra cloth, gilt edges, 15_s._ + + IV. + + Three volumes in one, profusely illustrated, cloth, gilt edges, + 7_s._ Separate volumes, cloth, gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._ + + READINGS FOR THE YOUNG. Selected from the Works of Sir WALTER + SCOTT, containing + + 1. Tales of Chivalry and the Olden Time. + 2. Historical and Romantic Narratives. + 3. Scottish Scenes and Characters. + + V. + + An Illustrated Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF PALESTINE, by DR. KITTO. From the Patriarchal Age + to the present time, with introductory chapters on the Geography + and Natural History of the Country, and on the Customs and + Institutions of the Hebrews. 12mo. Illustrated by upwards of 200 + Engravings on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, 6_s._, or + with gilt leaves, 6_s._ 6_d._ + + VI. + + A Second Edition of + + VIEWS OF CANADA AND THE COLONISTS. Embracing the Experience of an + Eight Years' Residence; Views of the Present State, Progress, and + Prospects of the Colony; with detailed and practical Information + for intending Emigrants. By JAS. B. BROWN. Small 8vo., with a Map, + price 4_s._ 6_d._ + + RECENTLY PUBLISHED. + + In a thick and closely-printed volume, price 16_s._ The Fourth + Edition of + + THE WEALTH OF NATIONS, by ADAM SMITH, LL.D. With a Life Of the + Author, Notes, and Supplemental Dissertations, by J. R. M'CULLOCH, + Esq. + + This edition contains elaborate NOTES ON OUR MONETARY SYSTEM, + REPEAL of the CORN and NAVIGATION LAWS, our COLONIAL POLICY, &c. + + The INDEX extends to fifty closely-printed pages, affording + facilities in the consultation of the work which no other edition + possesses to nearly so great an extent. + + "Adam Smith's errors, when he fell into any, are corrected: most + of the improvements made in his science since his time are + recorded; and the work is not only adapted to our age, but is a + history of past aberrations, and of the progress towards truth. + Mr. M'Culloch's great attainments are too well known to make any + work he publishes require any other notice or recommendation than + such a brief description as we have now given of the contents of + this."--_Economist._ + + In two volumes, price 3_l._, illustrated by 554 Engravings on + Wood, besides Maps, and Views on Steel, + + A CYCLOPÆDIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE. By JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A., + &c. &c. Assisted by forty able Scholars and Divines, British, + Continental, and American, whose initials are affixed to their + respective Contributions. + + "Among the contributors are to be recognised the names of many of + the most distinguished Biblical Scholars, both British and + Foreign. It is not, therefore, too much to say, that this + Cyclopædia surpasses every Biblical Dictionary which has preceded + it, and that it leaves nothing to be desired in such a work which + can throw light on the criticism, interpretation, history, + geography, archæology, and physical science of the + Bible."--_Horne's Introduction to the Critical Study of the + Scriptures._ + + In a beautifully printed volume, 8vo., price 10_s._ 6_d._, + illustrated by 336 Engravings on Wood, + + A CYCLOPÆDIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE FOR THE PEOPLE. By JOHN KITTO, + D.D., F.S.A., &c. This Work is studiously accommodated to the + wants of the great body of the religious public. It forms a + Popular Digest of the contents of the Two-volume Work, and + possesses the same superiority over Popular Dictionaries of its + class as the Original Work confessedly does over those which + aspire to higher erudition. To Parents, to Sunday School Teachers, + to Missionaries, and to all engaged, either statedly or + occasionally, in the important business of Biblical Education, the + volume is confidently recommended as "at once the most valuable + and the cheapest compendium of Bible Knowledge for the People + which has ever appeared in this country." + + In a handsome volume, strongly half-bound in morocco, with gilt + leaves, price 2_l._ 16_s._, + + BLACK'S GENERAL ATLAS OF THE WORLD. New Edition, Revised and + Corrected throughout, with Numerous additional Maps, and an Index + of 60,000 Names. + + The work is in every respect accommodated to the present advanced + state of geographical research, and whether on the ground of + Accuracy, Beauty of Execution, or Cheapness, the Publishers invite + a comparison with any work of its class. + + "We are now in possession of an 'Atlas' which comprehends every + discovery of which the present century can boast. It ought at once + to supersede all other works of the kind, and we earnestly + recommend those who are entrusted with the duty of education to + accept it as their standard of correctness."--_United Service + Gazette_, February 22, 1851. + + In one thick volume, 8vo., double columns, price 12_s._, the Tenth + Edition of + + A DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, DESIGNED FOR POPULAR USE. Containing an + Account of Diseases and their Treatment, including those most + frequent in Warm Climates; with Directions for Administering + Medicines; the Regulation of Diet and Regimen; and the Management + of the Diseases of Women and Children. By ALEXANDER MACAULAY, + M.D., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and + Physician Accoucheur to the New Town Dispensary. + + "Just such a work as every head of a family ought to have on his + book-shelf."--_Brighton Herald._ + + "If sterling merit might be the passport to success, this work + will obtain the most extensive celebrity."--_Bath Herald._ + + "Calculated to accomplish all that could be wished in a Popular + System of Medicine."--_Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal._ + + "We have seen nothing of the kind better adapted for + consultation."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "Decidedly the most useful book of the kind that has yet been + offered to the public."--_Caledonian Mercury._ + + ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, Edinburgh; and sold by all Booksellers. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 6, 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | + | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | + | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | + | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | + | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +110, December 6, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/39338-8.zip b/old/39338-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1eba76 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/39338-8.zip diff --git a/old/39338-h.zip b/old/39338-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ecd818 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/39338-h.zip diff --git a/old/39338.txt b/old/39338.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b275cc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/39338.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4635 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, +December 6, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, December 6, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 1, 2012 [EBook #39338] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in +brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on +top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs +indicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has +been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 110. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6. 1851. + +Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + The Aborigines of St. Domingo, by Henry H. Breen 433 + + Mitigation of Capital Punishment to a Forger, by + Alfred Gatty 434 + + Passage in Jeremy Taylor 435 + + Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple 435 + + Folk Lore:--Death Omen by Bees 436 + + The Caxton Coffer 436 + + Minor Notes:--Mental Almanac--Corruptions recognised + as acknowledged Words--Pasquinade--Epigram + on Erasmus--Etymology of London--Verses on + Shipmoney--Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna 436 + + QUERIES:-- + + Additional Queries respecting General James Wolfe 438 + + Christianity, when first introduced into Orkney 439 + + The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607 440 + + Minor Queries:--"The Don," a Poem--John Lord + Frescheville--Meaning of "Pallant"--Rectitudines + Singularum Personarum--Sir Henry Tichborne's + Journal--Round Towers at Bhaugulpore--Johannes + Trithemius--Races in which Children are named after + the Mothers--Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, + and Residents from Foreign Courts--Critolaus + and the Horatii and Curiatii--Cabal--"Thus said the + Ravens black"--Symbols in Painting--Latin Verse + on Franklin--General Moyle--Musical Compositions + of Matthew Dubourg--Collodion, and its Application + to Photography--Engraved Portrait--Lines by Lord + Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to + forgive her Son when on her Death-bed 441 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Kimmeroi, Cimbri, + Cymry--Dictionary of Musicians--City of London + Charter--St. Alkald 444 + + REPLIES:-- + + Plaids and Tartans 445 + + Religious Statistics 445 + + Royal Library 446 + + Damasked Linen 446 + + Vermin, Payments for Destruction of 447 + + Was Raleigh in Virginia? 448 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Bunting's Irish + Melodies--Colonies in England--"History of Anglesey," + &c.--The Lowey of Tunbridge--Praed's Works--John + A Cumber--Punishment of Prince Edward of + Carnarvon--Joceline's Legacy--Bristol Tables--Grimsdyke + or Grimesditch--Derivation of "Ara"--Scent of the + Bloodhound--Monk and Cromwell Families--"Truth is that + which a man troweth"--"Worse than a Crime"--Verses in + Classical Prose--Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru--Nolo + Episcopari--Hougoumont--Call a Spade, a Spade--"Tace is + Latin for a Candle"--Collars of SS.--Locusts of the New + Testament--Theodolite--"A Posie of other Men's + Flowers"--Voltaire--SinaA-tic Inscriptions--Le Greene + at Wrexham--Cross-legged Effigies--The Word a1/4^I'I muI"Ia1/2I, + --Finger Pillories--Blackloana Heresis--Quaker + Expurgated Bible--"Acu tinali merida" 452 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 459 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 460 + + Notices to Correspondents 460 + + Advertisements 460 + + + + +Notes. + + +THE ABORIGINES OF ST. DOMINGO. + +Perhaps you will kindly permit me to have recourse to "NOTES AND +QUERIES" for the purpose of pointing out one or two errors in a letter +from Sir R. Schomburgk, which was read at the meeting of the British +Association on the 3rd July last, section of Geography and Ethnology. +This communication, entitled "Ethnological Researches in Santo Domingo," +and addressed to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, contains the +following statement: I quote from the _AthenA|um_ of the 5th July:-- + + "The extirpation of the pure Indian race prevented me from making + comparative inquiries between the still existing tribes of Guiana, + and those that once inhabited St. Domingo. My researches were + therefore restricted to what history and the few and poor + monuments have transmitted to us of their customs and manners. + Their language lives only in the names of places, rivers, trees, + and fruits; but all combine in declaring that the people who + bestowed these names were identical with the Carib and Arawaak + tribes of Guiana." + +The last sentence in this passage is obviously erroneous. That the +aboriginal inhabitants of the great Antilles (Santo Domingo, Cuba, +Porto-Rico, and Jamaica,) were identical with, or descended from, the +Arawaaks of Guiana, is an opinion which has long prevailed, and which +the circumstances stated by Sir R. Schomburgk tend to confirm. Indeed, +they are described by most writers as Indians _or_ Arawaaks. But that +there was any identity between the Indians and the tribes known by the +name of Caribs, is an assertion totally at variance with the established +facts. In support, however, of this assertion, Sir R. Schomburgk appeals +to "history;" but what history, he does not state. I have perused, and +still possess, almost every work that was ever written on the history of +these islands; and they all lead to the conclusion, that the Indians of +Santo Domingo (also called Hispaniola and Haiti) were a totally distinct +race from the Caribs. The Indians were a mild, inoffensive people; the +Caribs a race of savages, some say, cannibals. The former were indolent +and effeminate; the latter fierce and warlike. In short, no two races +ever presented such a striking disparity, not only in their manners and +customs, but in their features and personal appearance. + +The second error into which Sir R. Schomburgk has fallen, is where he +says: + + "There are various proofs that the Caribs inhabited Santo Domingo; + among others, I found at the eastern point of the island, called + Junta EngaA+-o, numerous heaps of conch shells." + +The fact is, that the Caribs were the mortal enemies of the Indians. +They were engaged with them in the fiercest warfare, and made frequent +depredatory incursions into Santo Domingo and the other large islands. +But they never formed any settlements in those islands, and cannot be +said to have "inhabited" any of them, in the sense in which that word is +used by Sir R. Schomburgk. + +Whenever the Caribs in any of the lesser Antilles projected an +expedition against the Indians, they provided themselves with clubs and +poisoned arrows, and set off in their canoes. On their way, they touched +at most of the other small islands; and with their conch shells, of +which they always kept a supply, they summoned their brother Caribs to +join the expedition. As the fleet of canoes approached St. Domingo (the +principal theatre of their depredations) they glided silently along the +coast, and secreted themselves in some sheltered bay, till the darkness +of the night enabled them to emerge from their hiding places. Then, with +the most savage yells and war-whoops, accompanied by the blowing of +shells, they pounced upon the nearest village, beating down with their +clubs such of the Indians as had not taken refuge in flight. In these +encounters, however, the Caribs were not always victorious. If the +Indians were less robust and warlike than their invaders, they were also +far more numerous; and it sometimes happened that the Caribs were driven +back to their canoes with much slaughter. In all hand-to-hand conflicts +the conch shells would easily get detached, or, becoming an incumbrance, +would be thrown aside; and the Indians, finding them on the field of +battle, may be supposed to have piled them up as so many trophies. + +As the Caribs were incited to these incursions by the prospect of +plunder among a race of people their superiors in the arts of +civilisation, but chiefly from their inveterate hatred to the Indians, +so the moment they had accomplished their object, they lost no time in +retreating from a country where a longer sojourn would only have +afforded their enemies an opportunity of risings _en masse_, and +exterminating them by the superiority of their numbers. + +These facts are sufficient to account for the heaps of shells found by +Sir R. Schomburgk, and for the other traces of the Caribs which he +appears to have discovered in St. Domingo, without resorting to the +supposition that the Caribs had actually "inhabited" that island, or +warranting the conclusion that the two races were identical. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, Sept. 1851. + + +MITIGATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT TO A FORGER. + +The well-known cases of Dr. D. the divine and Mr. F. the banker, who +were executed for forgery, notwithstanding the powerful intercessions +that were made in their behalf, induced me to suppose that any +mitigation of punishment under similar circumstances used to be a very +rare occurrence; and, if so, that a curious instance of successful +application for mercy may interest some readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +A young man of respectable Scotch connexions settled in a town in the +north of England as a merchant, and soon afterwards made an offer of +marriage to a young lady of the same place. Her parents rejected his +suit, on the ground of his not being sufficiently established in +business, and he seemed to acquiesce in their decision. In a short time, +however, the young merchant took possession of larger premises than he +had hitherto occupied, and showed other symptoms of wishing to have it +understood that his fortunes were improving. But these appearances were +of short duration. He was suddenly arrested, and committed to take his +trial at the ensuing assizes on several charges of forgery. Immediately +after his arrest, a sister of singularly energetic character arrived +from Scotland, and applied to the father of my informant for +professional aid. This gentleman told her that he never touched criminal +business, and declined to interfere. But she was no common client, and +it ended in his undertaking to prepare the defence of her brother, and +receiving her into his house as a guest. Her immediate object was to +prevent the prosecutors pressing their charges at the trial; and, by her +indefatigable management, she succeeded with all, except the L---- bank, +the directors of which, as a matter of principle, were inexorable to her +entreaties. The trial came on at an early period of the assize, and the +prisoner was found guilty, and condemned to be hanged. His sister left +the court, and instantly proceeded to Scotland. There were no railways +in those days, and she had to rely on coaches and post-chaises, and she +travelled for four days and nights successively, without stopping or +removing her clothes, and carrying a petition with her from house to +house amongst her titled and powerful Scotch friends. + +With this she returned to the city at which the assizes had been held, +just as they were concluded. The two judges were in the act of +descending through the cathedral nave, after partaking of the holy +sacrament, when the petitioner cast herself at their feet, and held +forth her document. Baron G. was notorious for his unflinching obduracy; +but her devotion and energy were irresistible. He received her petition; +and her brother's sentence was eventually commuted to transportation for +life. But his story is not yet finished. The forger was placed in the +hulks prior to transportation; and, before this took place, he had +forged a pass or order from the Home Secretary's office for his own +liberation, which procured his release, and he was never afterwards +heard of. + +This "Jeanie Deans," who was the means of saving the life of her +unworthy relative, was described to me as a person of extraordinary +force of character. Indeed it could not have been otherwise. She +prevailed with the solicitor, who before had been a stranger both to her +and her brother; with the main body of the prosecutors; with the +petitioners in Scotland; and ultimately with the judge himself. My +friend, who lived in his father's house during the several weeks she +stayed there, told me, that, night and morning when he passed her door, +she was always in audible prayer; and he was convinced that her success +was attributable to her prayers having been _extraordinarily_ answered. +Her subsequent fate, even in this world, was a happy one. She became a +wife and a mother, and possibly is so still. + + ALFRED GATTY. + + +PASSAGE IN JEREMY TAYLOR. + +It may not be useless or uninteresting to the readers of Bishop Jeremy +Taylor to bring under their notice a point in which the editor of the +last edition seems to have fallen into an error. In Part II. of the +Sermon "On the Invalidity of a Death-bed Repentance" (p. 395.), the +Bishop says: + + "Only be pleased to observe this one thing: that this place of + Ezekiel [_i.e._ xviii. 21.] is it which is so often mistaken for + that common saying, 'At what time soever a sinner repents him of + his sins from the bottom of his heart, I will put all his + wickedness out of my remembrance, saith the Lord:' yet there are + no such words in the whole Bible, nor any nearer to the sense of + them, than the words I have now read to you out of the prophet + Ezekiel." + +Now the editor, as a reference for this "common saying," says in a +note-- + + "+ See Jer. xviii. 7, 8.:" + +whence I suppose that he thinks that text to be the nearest quotation to +it that can be found. But he has altogether overlooked the fact that +this "common saying" is, as the Bishop has here quoted it, the exact +form in which the first of the sentences at the beginning of Morning +Prayer occurs in the Second Book of Edward, and down to the time of the +last review, with the exception of the Scotch book. As it did not agree +with the translation of the Bible then in use, Bishop Taylor seems to +have considered it as a paraphrase. This also is the view which +Chillingworth took of it, who makes this reflection on it, in a sermon +preached before Charles I.: + + "I would to God (says he) the composers of our Liturgy, out of a + care of avoiding mistakes, and to take away occasion of cavilling + our Liturgy, and out of fear of encouraging carnal men to security + in sinning, had been so provident as to set down in terms the + first sentence, taken out of the 18th of Ezekiel, and not have put + in the place of it an ambiguous, and (though not in itself, but + accidentally, by reason of the mistake to which it is subject) I + fear very often a pernicious paraphrase: for whereas they make it, + '_At what time soever ... saith the Lord_;' the plain truth, if + you will hear it, is, the Lord doth not say so; these are not the + very words of God, but the paraphrase of men." + +Thus, I think, it is evident that this "sentence" has nothing to do with +the passage of Jeremiah to which the editor refers us; and its being +read continually in the church explains the application of the word +"common" to it in this place. + +While on this subject I would go on to mention that both Chillingworth +and Taylor seemed to have erred in calling it a paraphrase, and saying +that it does not occur in the Bible; for according to L'Estrange (c. +iii. n. F.) the sentence is taken from the Great Bible, or Coverdale's +translation. It is, however, remarkable that this fact should not have +been known to these divines. + + F. A. + + +PARALLEL PASSAGES. + +I send you two parallels on the subject of Death and Sleep, Nature the +art of God, &c. + + "How wonderful is death-- + Death and his brother sleep!" + + Shelley, _Queen Mab_. + + "Since the Brother of Death daily haunts us with dying + mementoes." + + Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_. + + * * * * * + + "Oh! what a wonder seems the fear of death, + Seeing how gladly we all sink to sleep, + Babes, children, youths, and men, + Night following night, for threescore years and ten!" + + Coleridge, _Monody on Chatterton_. + + "A sleep without dreams, after a rough day + Of toil, is what we covet most; and yet + How clay slinks back from more quiescent clay!" + + _Byron_ (reference lost). + + * * * * * + + "In brief all things are artificial; for Nature is the art of + God." + + Sir T. Browne, _Religio Medici_, p. 32. (St. John's edit.) + + "The course of Nature is the art of God." + + Young, _Night Thoughts_, IX. + + * * * * * + + "Princes are like to heavenly bodies, which cause good or evil + times, and _which have much veneration, but no rest_." + + Bacon, _Essay 20._, "Of Empire." + + "Kings are like stars--they rise and set--_they have + The worship of the world, but no repose_." + + Shelley, _Hellas_. + +The following are not exactly parallel, but being "in pari materia," are +sufficiently curious and alike to merit annotation: + + "But the common form [of urns] with necks was a proper figure, + making our last bed like our first: nor much unlike the urns of + our nativity, while we lay in the nether part of the earth, and + inward vault of our microcosm." + + Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_, p. 221. (St. John's edit.) + + "The babe is at peace within the womb, + The corpse is at rest within the tomb. + We begin in what we end." + + Shelley, _Fragments_. + + "The grave is as the womb of the earth." + + Pearson _on the Creed_, p. 162. + + HARRY LEROY TEMPLE. + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Death Omen by Bees._--It is not wonderful that the remarkable instincts +and intelligence of the honey-bee, its domesticity, and the strong +affinity of its social habits to human institutions, should make it the +object of many superstitious observances, and I think it probable that +if enquiry be made of that class of people amongst whom such branches of +folk-lore are most frequently found lingering, other prejudices +respecting bees than those lately noticed by some of your correspondents +might be discovered. + +If the practice of making the bees acquainted with the mortuary events +of the family ever prevailed in that part of Sussex from whence I write, +I think it must be worn out, for I have not heard of it. But there is +another superstition, also appertaining to mortality, which is very +generally received, and which is probably only one of a series of such, +and amongst which it is probable the practice before-mentioned might +once be reckoned. Some years since the wife of a respectable cottager in +my neighbourhood died in childbed. Calling on the widower soon after, I +found that although deeply deploring a loss which left him several +motherless children, he spoke calmly of the fatal termination of the +poor woman's illness, as an inevitable and foregone conclusion. On being +pressed for an explanation of these sentiments, I discovered that both +him and his poor wife had been "warned" of the coming event by her going +into the garden a fortnight before her confinement, and discovering that +their bees, in the act of swarming, had made choice of a _dead hedge +stake for their settling-place_. This is generally considered as an +infallible sign of a death _in the family_, and in her situation it is +no wonder that the poor woman should take the warning to herself; +affording, too, another example of how a prediction may assist in +working out its own fulfilment. + +Seeing that another P-urveyor to your useful P-ages has assumed the same +signature as myself, for the future permit me, for contradistinction, to +be-- + + "J. P. P.," but not "CLERK OF THIS PARISH." + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + +Did Caxton ever print his name CAUSTON or CAWSTON, or is it ever found +so spelt? He tells us, in the preface or prologue to his _Recuyell of +the Historyes of Troye_, "that I was born and learned mine English in +Kent, in the Weald." The only locality in Kent which I can discover at +all approximating in its name to Caxton, is Causton, a manor in the +parish of Hadlow, in the Weald of Kent, _held of the honor of Clare_. +This manor was, in the fourteenth century, possessed by the family of +"De Causton;" how and when it passed from them I have been unable to +ascertain with certainty, possibly not long before the birth of William +Caxton. In 1436, Beatrice Bettenham entails it on the right heirs of her +son, Thomas Towne, by which entail it came into the family of Watton of +Addington Place, who owned it in 1446. The honor of Clare, and the +forest, &c. of South Frith, closely adjoining Causton, descended through +one of the co-heiresses of Gilbert de Clare to Richard Duke of York, +father of the Duchess of Burgundy and Edward IV., whose widow, Cicely, +continued in possession till her death. I name the owners of the manor +of Causton, and the chief lords of whom it was held, as affording, +perhaps, some clue to identification, should any of your correspondents +be inclined to take up the inquiry. I need hardly add that the +difference between the two names of Causton and Caxton is of little +moment should other circumstances favour the chances that Causton in +Hadlow may claim the honour of having given birth to our illustrious +printer, or that he was descended from the owners of that manor. + + L. B. L. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Mental Almanac_ (Vol. iv., p. 203.).--The additive number for this +month of December, is 6. Hence next Sunday is 1 + 6 = the 7th of +December. Christmas Day will be 25, less 20, that is 5, or Thursday. + + A. E. B. + +_Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The +first person who settled in Honduras was the celebrated buccaneer +Wallis, in 1638, from whom the principal town and river were named. The +Spaniards called it _Valis_; and _v_ and _b_ having the same +pronunciation in Spanish, it became _Balis_, then _Balize_, _Belize_, +the actual name. + + PHILIP S. KING. + +_Pasquinade_ (Vol. iv., p. 292.).--Will A. B. R. allow me to correct one +or two to typographical errors in the Italian version of his clever +epigram? In the first place "_Piu_," in both places where it occurs, +should be "_Pio_," which the sense demands, while _Piu_ is downright +nonsense. What A. B. R. _intended_ to write was no doubt: + + "Quando Papa o' Cardinale + Chies' Inglese tratta male, + _Quel che_ chiamo quella gente + Pio? No-no, _ne_ sapiente." + +The alteration in the third line is required both by sense and metre, +which last is octosyllabic; and _chiamo_ is pronounced as a dissyllable, +as are also _chiesa_ and _-piente_. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Epigram on Erasmus._--The following epigram, written in a fly-leaf of a +copy of the _EpistolA| Obscuroram Virorum_, published at Frankfort, 1624, +in the possession of a friend, is commended to your notice; not, +however, without a suspicion of its having been printed already: + + "Ut Rhadamantheum stetit ante tribunal Erasmus, + Ante jocos scribens serio damnor, ait + Cui Judex, libri dant seria damna jocosi, + Si tibi culpa jocus, sit tibi poena jocus." + + _AnglicA"_, T. CORBETT. + + "Erasmus standeinge fore hell's tribune said, + For writeinge iest I am in earnest paid. + The iudge replied, Iests will in earnest hurt, + Sport was thy fault, then let thy paine be sport." + + D. B. J. + +_Etymology of London._--I believe the word London has never yet received +a satisfactory explanation, and it is, perhaps, too late in the day to +try to explain it entirely. It has always, however, been supposed that +it was significant in the old British language. It has been explained as +"the town of ships," the final syllable _don_, formerly _dun_, meaning a +town. Several other explanations have been given also on the same +principle, namely, that the final syllable meant a town or fortified +place, and the first was the characteristic distinguishing it from other +towns or _duns_ in the neighbourhood. + +This mode of explanation is repugnant to the general principles of +British topographical nomenclature: for they generally put the general +name first, and the characteristic last. Might the first syllable "Lon" +not be a corruption of the British "Llan," so common yet in names of +places, and so universally retained in Wales to this day? Llan means a +level place generally, as most of your readers who are versant in those +subjects know. The _don_ is not so easily explained, but perhaps some of +your readers may be able to assist in finding a meaning. + +"Don" might indeed still mean an enclosed strong place, and the meaning +of the whole word "London" would then be _Llandun_, or "the level ground +near the fort or strong camp." Perhaps some of your correspondents may +be able to offer something confirmatory or adverse to this explanation, +and in either case I should join with the rest of your readers in +thanking them. + + M. C. E. + +_Verses on Shipmoney._-- + + "A coppy of certaine Verses dispersed in and about London in febr. + 1634 in ye 10th year of ye Raigne of ye King Charls occasioned by + ye eager prosecucon of Shipmoney, and Imprisonm'ts therefore. + + "The Cittie Cofers abounding with Treasure, + Can pay this ship Tribute, and doe poor men pleasure + To save that Pelfe: the more is the pitty, + The Grey Cloaks divide it and yet tax the Citty. + A p'sent there being small occasion for Gold + Hast thether Collectors, 'tis time it were tould + And taken from such citty Asses: + Mony whom sly Proiects easily passes, + And speedily conveyt to Court + Wher they to see it will make sport, + And set out Shipps from Puddle dock + To scoure ye seas. A pretty mock + + "If that this ship Tribute be not speedily paid + Pycrust Lord Maior saith in Newgate you shall be laid, + Wher you shall see rogues, theeves, and vile knaves, + Yet none so bad as are Tributarie Slaves. + + "If men like Pycrust could make so great gain + As xx'ty in ye hundred to Irish mens paine + For moneys lent, some reason ther were, + To pay this ship Tribute w'thout wit or feare. + + "O crewell hard Pycrust though pay all men must + This crewell hard Tribute cause thou art uniust + And favourest this Project, when laid in thy grave + All good men will say then: Parkhurst was a knave. + + "Finis." (From a MS. at Oxford.) + +_Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna._--In case you do not happen to possess +a correct copy of the inscription on Columbus's bust and tablet in the +cathedral at Havanna, I send you one, and my translation of it, for the +benefit of those who may not make out the force and beauty of the +"A(C)loge." + + "O restos e imagen del grande Colon, + Mil siglos durad guardados en la urna, + Y en la remembranza de nuestra nacion!" + + "O remains and image of the great Columbus, + [ages] + For a thousand centuries rest ye securely in this urn, + And in the remembrance of our nation." + +The bust is a mean and ill-executed one; although a late "lady" +authoress _has_ a different opinion of its merits. It is stiff and +wooden-looking, and, still worse, the right cheek, and _side of the head +too_, are comparatively _flattened_. Within it, built into the wall, are +the "restos," the dust and bones, in the urn. Beneath the epitaph is a +date of "1822"--the year, I presume, of the bust being "set up." It +stands abreast of the altar, and on the right hand, the head of the bust +being about six feet from the ground. I visited the interesting spot +only a few days ago, as soon as possible after my landing, for the first +time, in that truly noble city the Havana (or, in the Spanish, Habana). + + A. L. + + West Indies. + + + + +Queries. + + +ADDITIONAL QUERIES RESPECTING GENERAL JAMES WOLFE. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 271. 322.) + +I beg to thank the six gentlemen who have so promptly and courteously +responded to my Queries respecting this admirable soldier. The +information they have communicated is valuable and interesting, and +tends to remove much of the obscurity that had attended my researches +into the earlier portion of his history; and I feel greatly obliged to +your correspondents. Still, some of my Queries are unanswered, and I +venture to repeat these, in the hope that the information wanted may be +elicited. + +1. Where was James Wolfe educated? + +2. His _first_, and subsequent, military services? + +3. How long was he stationed in Scotland; on what duty; and in what +places? [He was in the North in 1749 and 1750; but I have reason to +believe some years earlier.] + +4. Was he at the battle of Culloden, in 1746? + +As some of the gentlemen, in kindly answering my inquiries, have raised +certain points on which additional information may be mutually given and +received, I take leave to offer the following remarks to these +respondents, _seriatim_. + +I.--To H. G. D. + +In corroboration of your statement, that the correct date of Wolfe's +birth is 2nd January, 1727 (not 1726, as alleged by some), I am enabled +to cite his own authority. One of his autograph letters in my +possession, dated Glasgow, 2nd April, 1749, states, "_I am but +twenty-two and three months_;" which answers precisely to your time. + +You mention that his mother came from, or near, Deptford, and that her +Christian name was Henrietta. I am enabled to mention that her surname +was _Thompson_, and that her brother Edward was member of parliament for +Plymouth, prior to 1759. Does this give you any clue to Wolfe's mother's +family; and particularly whether his maternal grandfather was a military +man? + +May I further inquire-- + +1. Whether Wolfe's _father_ was a native of Westerham; or merely +quartered there when his illustrious son was born? + +2. You allude to two houses at Westerham. Were these General Edward +Wolfe's property; or if not, what had led to the family residing there +so long, as they seem, from your remarks, to have done? + +3. Who was Sir Jeffrey Amherst, and in what manner did he "patronise +Wolfe"? Was he any relation of the General Amherst, commander-in-chief +in British America, who was to have supported young Wolfe in the attack +on Quebec in 1759. + +4. Who is the present representative of Wolfe's family? + +You mention that you are uncertain when and where James Wolfe _first_ +served. I have experienced the very same difficulty. It seems strange +that his biographers have been so meagre in the details of his life. It +has been said that Wolfe's first effort in arms was as a volunteer under +his father, in the unlucky expedition against Carthagena, in 1740, +commanded by Lord Cathcart. But I cannot find proper authority for this. + +You farther state, that Wolfe was ardently attached to Colonel BarrA(C). It +is curious enough that their introduction to each other was chiefly in +consequence of a letter which BarrA(C) carried to Wolfe, from the officer +to whom Wolfe's letters in my possession are addressed. In one of these, +dated "Portsmouth, 7th Feb. 1758," Wolfe, after speaking favourably of +BarrA(C), states-- + + "I did not know that BarrA(C) was your friend, nor even your + acquaintance. Now that I do know it, I shall value him the + more.... I trust I shall have good reason to thank the man that + mentioned him. Nay, I am already overpaid, by the little that I + did, by drawing out of his obscurity so worthy a gentleman. I + never saw his face till very lately, nor ever spoke ten words to + him before I ventured to propose him as a Major of Brigade." + +And he adds: + + "BarrA(C) and I have the great apartment of a three-decked ship to + revel in, but, with all this space, and fresh air, I am sick to + death. Time, I suppose, will deliver me from these sufferings + [sea-sickness], though in former trials I never could overcome + it", &c. + +I cordially assent to your encomium on England's young general. + +II.--To YUNAFF. + +The lady to whom the affectionate and touching lines you have quoted +were addressed was Miss Louther, a sister of Sir James Louther; rich, +highly accomplished, and most amiable. Wolfe was to have been married to +her, had he returned from Quebec. She was very averse to his accepting +the command. But nothing could stay his military ardour, even though in +indifferent health. Well might the epithet be applied to him--"favourite +son of Minerva." + +Miss Louther was an object of general sympathy, after her brave lover's +fall; and some of the periodicals of the day contain beautiful verses, +addressed to her, appropriate to the occasion. This lady's _name_ is not +mentioned in any of Wolfe's letters in my possession; but an _allusion_ +is made to her incidentally. She was a favourite with the old general +and Mrs. Wolfe. In one of the early letters a graphic description is +given by young Wolfe of another lady of rank, with whom he was much +smitten. That was before he paid his addresses, however, to Miss +Louther. But I do not feel at liberty to break the seal of confidence +under which this information was communicated in Wolfe's letter, though +at the distance of one hundred years, by mentioning farther particulars. + +May I ask if the verses in your possession are signed by Wolfe; or in +his autograph; and dated? It would be very interesting to have precise +information, tending to identity Wolfe as the author of these lines. + +III.--To W. A. + +I shall be glad to know the contents of the petition, dated February, +1746, and of the six letters mentioned by you. They may throw some light +on Wolfe's history. Will you allow me to communicate with you on this +subject, by letter, through the Editor, as I reside at a distance from +London? + +IV.--To J. H. M. + +The packet of Wolfe's letters in my possession was never shown to +Southey. They were discovered only three years ago. I believe Southey +intended to write a memoir of Wolfe, but I am not aware that he carried +his intentions into effect. The letters in my care were published in +_Tait's Edinburgh Magazine_, December, 1849, under the title "Original +Correspondence of General Wolfe." I shall feel obliged by any +information you possess regarding the _other_ collection of Wolfe's +letters which you believe to exist. Pray, where are they to be seen? + + [Gh.] + +P.S.--Since expressing my acknowledgments to the other gentlemen who +have kindly answered some of my inquiries respecting Wolfe, I have had +the pleasure to peruse the information communicated by J. R. (Cork), and +I beg to thank him for his courtesy. The sketch he has given of Wolfe's +ancestors is very interesting, the more so, as J. R. mentions he is +himself connected with Wolfe's family. Would J. R. be kind enough to +supply information on the following additional points, viz.: + +1. In which of the English counties did Captain George Wolfe, who +escaped after the siege of Limerick, settle? + +2. Was the son of this officer (father of General Edward Wolfe) also a +military man, or a civilian; and what was his Christian name? + +3. The birth-place of General Edward Wolfe, father of the hero of +Quebec. + +Answers to these Queries would connect some of the broken links in the +history of one of the most gallant and skilful young generals that +England ever entrusted with her armies. + + [Gh.] + +General Wolfe's executor was General Warde, of the family of Squerries, +near Westerham, by whom the epitaph was written, which is now over the +south door of Westerham church. General Warde's nephew and executor was +General George Warde, who by that means became possessed of several very +interesting objects, viz., an original portrait of Wolfe, representing +him with his natural red hair. After some time the natural red was +converted, by water colours, into a powdered wig; consequently a sponge +and clean water would restore it to its original state. Another portrait +of Wolfe painted after his death by West; he is represented sitting and +consulting a plan of military operations. West has given him the same +countenance in which he appears in the celebrated picture of his death. +When West was offered the original portrait on which to form this +picture, he declined making use of it, as he had already committed +himself in the historical portrait, and it would not do for him to alter +it, and send out in his name two different portraits. Gen. G. Warde also +possessed Wolfe's short sword and black leather letter-case, and a +collection of original letters; among which was one of much interest, +where Wolfe, mentioning the flattering terms in which he was spoken of +by the public and high military authorities, says, that unwarranted +expectations were raised, and that to maintain his reputation he might +be driven into some desperate undertaking. + +I write all this from memory, but my details cannot be very far from +correct. + + GRIFFIN. + + +CHRISTIANITY, WHEN FIRST INTRODUCED INTO ORKNEY. + +Christianity is believed to have been introduced into Orkney before the +Norwegian conquest by King Harold Harfager, in 895; but the race who +inhabited the country at that period are said to have been extirpated or +driven out by the Scandinavians, who were worshippers of Odin and Thor. +In the end of the tenth century, the King of Norway, Olaf Tryggveson, +renounced Paganism for Christianity, which he forced both on Norway and +Orkney at the point of the sword. M. Depping, in his _Histoire des +ExpA(C)ditions Maritimes des Normands_, tom. ii. p. 60. ed. 1826, states +that Sigurd, the second Earl of Orkney (whose brother Ronald, Earl of +MA|re, the first Norwegian Earl of Orkney, was the common ancestor of the +Earls of Orkney and Dukes of Normandy), drove the Christians out of +Orkney. This was towards the beginning of the tenth century. It has been +overlooked by Barry, the local historian, or unknown to him, who +mentions (p. 123.) the introduction by King Olaf Tryggveson as either +the first introduction, or at least the final establishment of the +Christian religion. I have looked into TorfA|us' _Orcades_, the +Orknayinga Saga, and the Sagas of the two kings, Harold Harfager and +Olaf Tryggveson, in Mr. Laing's translation of Snow's Hermskringla, and +have not found the expulsion of the Christians by Sigurd mentioned in +any of those works. Will some of your learned correspondents be so +obliging as to point out M. Depping's authority for this fact? I have +just now fallen in with a curious example of the rude Christianity of +the Northmen, who worshipped both Thor and Christ, and the passage is +perhaps worth quoting. TorfA|us, in his _Orcades_, p. 15., mentions a +Scandinavian chief called Helgius, who lived in Iceland about 888, and +says: + + "Christianis sacris quibus infans initiatus est, per totam vitam + adhA|sit, valde tamen in religionis articulis rudis; nam Thorem, ad + ardua negotia, itineraque maritima feliciter expediunda, + invocandum, cA|tera Christum dictitavit, tanquam cum Thore divisum + imperium habentem. Simile Witichendus Monachus et Sigebertus + Gemlansensis, de Danis, in primis religionis incunabulis, + prodidere." + + W. H. F. + + +THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607. + +This work, both in the original edition, and in the reprint of Bergomi, +1608, is reputed to be of extreme rarity. Mr. Mendham, in his _Literary +Policy of the Church of Rome Exhibited, in an Account of her Damnatory +Catalogues or Indices, both Prohibitory and Expurgatory, &c._, 2nd ed., +London, 1830, calls it "perhaps the most extraordinary and scarcest of +all this class of publications," p. 116., while all of the class are +known to be by no means of common occurrence. Clement (_BibliothA"que +Curieuse_, art. "Brasichellensis," v. ccvii.) designates the Roman +edition as "_extrAmement_ rare;" and (note 48., p. 211 a.) says of the +other, "cette A(C)dition de Bergame est encore plus rare que celle de +Rome." + +Now Clement informs us that "on a copiA(C) l'A(C)dition de Rome de 1607 A +Ratisbonne, vers l'an 1723, sur de beau papier;" and Mr. Mendham says +that this was done by "Serpilius, a priest of Ratisbon, in 1723," and +that the copy so closely resembled the original "as to admit of its +being represented as the same." Accordingly, Clement says that it was +furtively sold as the genuine work, until the announcement of an +intended reprint by Hessel, at Altorff, in 1742, induced the owner of +the remainder of the Ratisbon counterfeit to avow his fraud. Then, Mr. +Mendham says, it "appeared with a new title-page, as a second edition." +Of _that_ circumstance Clement makes no mention. + +"The original and counterfeit editions of this peculiar work are +sufficiently alike to deceive any person who should not examine them in +literal juxtaposition; but upon such examination the deception is easily +apparent," says Mr. Mendham, p. 131. The natural inference from this is, +that _he has_ so examined them. + +His mention of the Bodleian "copy of the original edition" may warrant +the belief that he has made use of it. The fact that Dr. James, "chief +keeper" of the Bodleian, used and cited the Roman edition in his +_Treatise of the Corruptions of Scripture, Councils and Fathers, &c._ in +1612, may further warrant the belief that the copy in that library is an +indubitable original, placed where it is before the counterfeit was +gotten up. + +If these inferences are correct, I have, what I much desire, a criterion +by which to distinguish the counterfeit from the genuine Roman edition. +Yet I hardly dare to trust it, because it involves a charge of +carelessness against Clement, who is not often justly liable to such +reproach. + +He says, "J'ai eu le bonheur d'acquA(C)rir l'A(C)dition originale de Rome." He +therefore either copied the title of what he thought a genuine edition, +or carelessly substituted that of the counterfeit. + +Now I have a copy of what purports to be the Roman edition, the title of +which, agreeing exactly neither with Clement nor with the title given by +Mr. Mendham (p. 116.), yet coincides with the latter in one curious +particular, which seems to identify it with Mr. Mendham's genuine +original, while its rare disagreements from Clement's distinguish it +from that. Mr. Mendham's transcript of the title runs: + + "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti. + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri prA| cA|teris + desiderati emendantur, Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et publicA| + commoditati A|ditus. RomA|, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. MDCVII. + Superiorum Permissu." + +In this there are two observable peculiarities: 1. The full-stop after +"confecti," breaking the grammatical construction; 2. The omission of +such a stop (as a sign of contraction) after the portion of a word, +"Brasichellen," from which the final syllable "sem" has been dropped, as +appears in the archetype, for want of room. + +That Mr. Mendham faithfully copied this last peculiarity is shown by his +own singular misconception of the word, which he has taken to be +complete, and on p. 130. writes of "_Brasichellen_, or _Guanzellus_;" a +mistake into which he has been led by Jugler, whom he is there +reporting; Jugler, as quoted in the note, seeming to have been led into +it by Zobelius. + +The peculiarity which has thus led Mr. Mendham, and before him Zobelius +and Jugler, into error, does not appear in Clement's title. It runs: + + "Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti, + Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri prA| cA|teris + desiderati emendantur. Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen. Sacri + Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et publicA| + commoditati A|ditus. RomA|, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII. + Superiorum Permissu." + +Both the peculiarities pointed out in Mendham's copy are wanting in +this; and a third difference is, that where Mendham, after "emendantur," +has a comma, this has a full-stop. All these differences are +corrections, and therefore more likely to be found in a reprint, than +the reverse. + +My copy agrees with Mendham in the two peculiarities first remarked; but +with Clement in the last. It has, beside, another peculiarity which +neither has retained, but resembling those of Mendham's copy. After the +word "auctorum" there is a full-stop, breaking the grammatical +construction just as that after "confecti" does. + +These circumstances lead me to think my copy one of the genuine edition, +and to suppose that Mendham's was of the same; in which case, Clement +must have either carelessly given the title of the counterfeit, while he +had the genuine at hand (as he says); or, still more carelessly, +miscopied the genuine; or deceived himself with the belief that he had +the genuine, while he had only a counterfeit. + +It is singular that there is room for a similar doubt about the Bergomi +edition of this work. Of that, too, I have what purports to be a copy; +but am led by Clement's description of the Altorff edition to have +misgivings that it may have been made as studiously a counterfeit of the +Bergomi edition, as its predecessor of Ratisbon had been of that of +Rome. In all the particulars of which Clement says, "Ceux qui auront +l'A(C)dition de Bergame, pourront juger sur ce dA(C)tail, si la copie +d'Altorff la reprA(C)sente exactement ou non," my copy _does_ agree with +his description; and it may be that some of the Altorff copies bear a +false title, with Bergomi as the imprint. + +The genuineness of this book is of no ordinary interest. It is one of +the most damaging witnesses against Rome, to convict her of conscious +fraud. How much its evidence is dreaded, is proved by the industrious +suppression that has made it of so great rarity. + +May I not hope, therefore, that some of your readers who have access to +the Bodleian will inform me through your columns-- + +1. Whether any copy there, purporting to be of the Roman edition, can be +identified as having been in the library before 1723? + +2. Whether the title of such copy (if there be any) agree with Mr. +Mendham's, or Clement's, or mine? + +3. Whether there is in that library (or elsewhere in England) an +undoubted copy of the Bergomi edition? + +A copy of the titles of the Ratisbon and Altorff editions would also be +desirable; and (if they could be identified) any distinguishing note of +the Ratisbon counterfeit, _e.g._ the signature marks of its preliminary +sheet. + + U. U. + + Baltimore, U. S. A. + + +Minor Queries. + +313. _"The Don," a Poem._--This is an old work illustrative of the local +antiquities, ancient families, castles, &c., on the banks of the Don, in +Aberdeenshire. It is said to have been written during the usurpation of +Oliver Cromwell by a Mr. Forbes of Brux, in the immediate neighbourhood. +One of the ablest of our local antiquaries states, that he has never +been able to satisfy himself of the existence of any edition of that +poem earlier than that of the quarto one of 1742, which seems to have +been reprinted from an edition of the year 1655; but is so thoroughly +redolent of the spirit of a later age, that it is not possible to +believe it to have been written in the seventeenth century. All +subsequent editions (and they have been numerous) have reference to an +edition of 1655. In 1655, it is said to have been originally written by +a Mr. Forbes of Brux, as before stated, and published the same year, +with a few historical notes, and reprinted in 1674; and again in 1742, +with little or no alteration, and continued in that state until 1796; +when Mr. Charles Dawson, schoolmaster of Kemnay, added a few more notes, +and offered it to the public as his own composition in a small 12mo. +pamphlet!!! price 4_d._; which met with such encouragement, that a +second edition appeared in 1798, with more copious notes, price 6_d._ An +enlarged edition in 8vo. was published in Edinburgh in 1814. In 1819, +Mr. Peter Buchan of Peterhead, the editor of _Scottish Ballads_, +_Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads_, &c. &c., published an edition, price +6_d._, which sold well; and in 1849, another edition was printed at the +Hattonian Press, Fintray, Aberdeenshire, by John Cumming. I should be +glad to hear if any of your correspondents have seen an edition of 1655 +or 1674? + + STONEHAVEN. + +314. _John Lord Frescheville._--It is stated in the printed notices of +this individual, with whom expired, in 1682, the barony of Frescheville +of Stavely, co. Derb., that he was engaged, on the side of the king, at +the battle of Edge Hill. I have no reason to doubt the truth of the +statement: but I should like to know whether his name occurs in any of +the contemporary accounts of the fight at that place, or rather Keynton; +or whether he is anywhere mentioned in the royal musters. I think a +correspondent of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" indicated an acquaintance with +some local information relative to this affair, and the persons engaged +in it. + + D. + +315. _Meaning of_ "_Pallant._"--While staying in the neighbourhood of a +small country town in the south of England, I was requested to drive a +friend to call on an acquaintance who lived in _The Pallant_ in the said +town. The word being an uncommon one, we naturally conversed on its +probable derivation and meaning, but without arriving at a satisfactory +conclusion. I have since seen it used in a number of Dickens' _Household +Words_, where the scene of a ghost story is laid in an old house, or +street (I forget which), called _The Pallant_. What is its true +signification? + + A DEVONIAN. + +316. _Rectitudines Singularum Personarum._--This interesting Anglo-Saxon +document is necessarily well known to many of your readers. Will they +favor me with a Note, stating what they consider to be its date? In the +mean time, I will say that it is not improbable that the date may be +referrible to _temp._ Ethelredi II. The service of _SA| weard_ is +insisted upon, and it is fair to suppose that such would not have been +the case if the _textus_ had been written at a period anterior to those +times, when the coast was wasted by the piratical incursions of the +Northmen. In the title "thegnes riht" it is mentioned in priority to +"heafod weard" and "fyrdweard." It is again mentioned in the title +"cotsetlan riht." This document was doubtless written by a priest, and +probably by a secular one, for some of its concluding words show a +habit, or at least a possibility, of migration on the part of the +writer, viz.: + + "Be thA|re theode theawe, the we thA|nne onwuniath." + +The Latin translation, which accompanies the original, is of a date +manifestly later than the Norman Conquest. The phraseology which it +exhibits, and the gross mistakes which it contains, are sufficient +evidence of the fact. + +In the title "be thaw the beon bewitath," the words "self lA|dan" are +translated "ipse minare." Sometimes the translator does not understand +his original: in the first title he converts "bocriht" into "testamenti +rectitudo;" and of the words "sceorp to frithscipe," he leaves the first +word as he finds it. + + H. C. C. + +317. _Sir Henry Tichborne's Journal._--I should be obliged to any of +your numerous correspondents or readers for any information given +respecting a diurnal written by Sir Henry Tichborne, third baronet of +Tichborne, co. Hants, of his _Travells into France, Italy, Loretto, +Rome, and other places, in the years 1675, 1676, and 1678_. + +Is the original in existence, or where might this MS. be found? Has any +of your readers seen or heard of it? + +I may here remark it is not in the possession of the family, neither +have they yet been able to trace it. + + THE WHITE ROSE. + + Winchester. + +318. _Round Towers at Bhaugulpore._--Lord Valentia (_Travels to India, +&c._) gives views of these towers, and the following description of +them:-- + + "They much resemble those buildings in Ireland, which have + hitherto puzzled the antiquaries of the sister kingdoms, excepting + that they are more ornamented. It is singular that there is no + tradition concerning them, nor are they held in any respect by the + Hindoos of this country. The Rajah of Jyenagur considers them as + holy, and has erected a small building to shelter the great number + of his subjects, who annually come to worship here." + +This is but a meagre account of them; and if any of your readers can +give further information respecting them, and especially on the religion +of those who go to worship at them, they will confer a great favour on +your querist. Bhaugulpore seems to be about half-way between Calcutta +and Patna, at some distance off the great road; and Jyenagur must be +some 800 miles distant. The dominant race in the latter are Rajpoots, +but there appear to be inferior races; which are the worshippers? What +is the meaning of Bhaugulpore? has it any relation to Baal? Jeypoor is +another name for Jyenagur. + + DE CAMERA. + +319. _Johannes Trithemius._--In my possession is a book entitled _Liber +de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis_, by the above author; the date of its +publication 1494. Can any one inform me who Trithemius was, and whether +the book, in point of accuracy, is to be relied on? + + A. W. H. + +320. _Races in which Children are named after the Mothers._--Will some +correspondent favour me with a list of the races in which the children +are named, or take their titles, or inherit property after their +mothers, and not after their fathers; and where descent in any form is +reckoned on the mother's side? I have a list of some, but I fear a very +imperfect one; and all additions to it, with a memorandum of the +authority on which the statement is made, will be very valuable to me. I +wish the instances to be fetched as well from ancient as from modern +nations. + + THEOPHYLACT. + +321. _Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, and Residents from Foreign +Courts._--Will any of your readers inform me where there may be found +the best, or any list of personages filling these diplomatic posts, +between the 1st of King Henry VIII. and the end of the reign of King +James II.? + + S. E. G. + +322. _Critolaus and the Horatii and Curiatii._--Has any writer on early +Roman history noticed the extraordinary similarity, even in the minutest +particulars, of the combat between the Horatii and Curiatii, followed by +the murder of a sister of the former by her brother, for mourning for +one of the opposite party, to whom she was betrothed, to the similar +circumstances related of Critolaus the Tegean? The chances of two such +transactions resembling each other so closely appear so very small, that +there can be no doubt of one story being a copy of the other: but which +was the original? I have no doubt the Roman historians adopted this tale +from the Greeks, to diversify the barren pages of their early history. +At all events, such a person as Critolaus undoubtedly existed, which is +more than can be averred of the Roman hero. (See _Encyc. Brit._, art. +"Critolaus.") + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica. + +323. _Cabal._--I should like to know the earliest use of this word as +signifying "a secret council," and, as a verb, "to plot or intrigue." +Pepys applies it to the king's confidential advisers several years +before the date (1672) when Burnet remarks that the word was composed of +the initials of the five chief ministers; and Dryden uses the verb in +the sense I have mentioned. Can any of your correspondents trace either +verb or noun to an earlier period, or explain this application of it? +The Hebrew verb _kibbal_ signifies "to receive;" and the _Cabbala_ was +so called from its being "traditionary," not from its being "secret." A +popular error on this point may, however, have given rise to the +above-mentioned application of the word. + + E. H. D. D. + +324. "_Thus said the Ravens black._"--In what modern poem or ballad do +the following or similar lines occur? + + ---- "thus said the ravens black, + We have been to Cordova, and we're just come back." + + D. B. J. + +325. _Symbols in Painting._--In a painting of the Crucifixion by Guido +(?) the following accessories are introduced, the meaning of which I +cannot discover: the persons present are four, two of whom are evidently +the Virgin and St. John; but the other two, who are both old men, are +doubtful. On the ground, at the foot of the cross, is a skull and some +bones; and at one side of the picture is a monster, somewhat like a +gigantic toad, with his foot on a book; and at the other side lies a +bell, with a twisted cord attached to it: the monster and the skull +might be symbolical of sin and death, but what can the bell mean? It is +a singular object for an artist to have introduced without some +particular meaning; but the only instance I know of its use, is in the +pictures of St. Anthony (in the fourth century), who is generally +represented with a bell in his hand. Perhaps some of your correspondents +may be able to explain its meaning in this painting. Can the handbell +rung in Roman Catholic churches at the elevation of the host have any +connexion with the subject in question? + + B. N. C. + + Oxford. + +326. _Latin Verse on Franklin._--Can you inform me who wrote the line on +Franklin: + + "Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque Tyrannis?" + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia. + +327. _General Moyle._--Who was General John Moyle, who died about 1738? +He resided, if he did not die, in Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk. + + BURIENSIS. + +328. _Musical Compositions of Matthew Dubourg._--I am induced, while +preparing for the press a new edition of my _opusculum_ on the _violin_, +to seek your kind mediatorial aid in behalf of an object which some one +or other of your correspondents, acquainted with Irish matters of the +last century, may _possibly_ enable me to attain. I am desirous of +learning whether there be _extant_ any of the musical compositions +(especially the violin _solos_ and _concertos_) of my progenitor, +Matthew Dubourg, who held the post of director and composer to the +king's band in Ireland, from 1728 until, I believe, his death in 1767. + +As I do not know that any of these compositions (which appear to have +been called forth by immediate occasions) were ever _printed_, my hope +of now tracing them out is perhaps more lively than rational. If they +have existed only in a manuscript state, it is but too possible that the +barbarian gripe of the butterman may long ago have suppressed what +vitality was in them. I cannot, however, relinquish the idea that a +dusty oblivion, and not absolute destruction, may be the amount of what +they have undergone; and that they _may_ still exist in such condition +as to be, at least, more susceptible of resuscitation than disinterred +_mummies_. I have the honour to be, Sir, yours wistfully, + + G. DUBOURG. + + Brighton. + +329. _Collodion, and its Application to Photography._--May I ask for +information as to the first discoverer of Collodion, and the origin or +derivation of the name? I should also be glad to know by whom it was +first applied to photogenic purposes. + + A PHOTOGRAPHER. + +330. _Engraved Portrait._--Will some of your correspondents who are +conversant with the history of engraved English heads, oblige me by +naming the original of a copper-plate print in my possession, and also +with the conclusion of the verses beneath, the lower part of the plate +being mutilated. The verses, as far as I have them, run thus: + + "Here you may see an honest face, + Arm'd against envy and disgrace; + Who lives respected still in spite + . . . . . . . . ." + +The addition of the names of the painter and engraver will increase the +obligation. + + HENRY CAMPKIN. + +331. _Lines by Lord Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to +forgive her Son when on her Death-bed._--In Coxe's _Life of Sir Robert +Walpole_ (vol. i. p. 549.), we read, in the account of the death of +Queen Caroline, as follows: + + "The tongue of slander has even reproached her with maintaining + her implacability to the hour of death, and refusing her pardon to + the prince, who had humbly requested to receive her blessing. To + this imputation Chesterfield alludes in a copy of verses + circulated at the time: + + "'And unforgiving, unforgiven dies.'" + +Can any of your readers refer me to the remainder of this copy of +verses? + + PROEM. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Kimmeroi, Cimbri, Cymry._--There appears to be a growing belief that +the GomeridA| of the Bible, the Kimmeroi of the Greeks, the Cimbri of the +Romans, and the Cymry or Kymry of Wales, belong to the same family; the +few words remaining of their language are to all appearance Kymraeg; and +recently there was some likelihood of having more light thrown upon this +subject. Kohl, the German traveller, visited the remnant of the Cimbri +defeated by Marius, and was told that "_sette commune parlano Cimbro_." +Is the language of these Lombard Kimbri like that of the Kymry of Wales? +M. Kohl states that a professor at Padua was about to publish the +remains of their language; but I have not seen any subsequent notice +respecting them. The inquiry is highly interesting, and will I trust be +taken up by some persons who may be in position to obtain further +information; and I hope soon to see a few specimens of their language in +"NOTES AND QUERIES." + +Ritson, in the notes to his work on the Celts, has these remarks on the +language of this Cimbric remnant: + + "Their language, which was thought to be a corrupt German, was + found upon closer inquiry to be very pure Danish. Signor Marco + Pezzo has written a very learned dissertation on this + subject."--Page 288. + +What is the title of this work? I am very desirous to obtain further +information on this subject, and invite attention to this people and +their Kimbro speech. + + T. STEPHENS. + + Merthyr Tydfil. + + [The title of Pezzo's work is, _Dei Cimbri Veronesi, e Vicentini_, + libri ii. Terza edizione. 8vo. Verona, 1763. This edition is in + the British Museum.] + +_Dictionary of Musicians._--I have now before me _A Dictionary of +Musicians_, &c., second edition, 2 vols. 8vo., Longman and others, 1827. +I should be glad to know whether there is any more recent edition, or +anybody engaged in preparing one; or whether there is any more recent +and complete work of the kind. This one contains much information, but +might be greatly improved by omissions, corrections, and additions. + + AN AMATEUR. + + [_The Biographical Dictionary of Musicians_ noticed by our + correspondent is very incorrect in its details. There is another + work of the same kind in preparation, but is not expected to be + published for some months. The latest works on the subject are the + German _Lexicon der Tonkunst_ in several 8vo. volumes, and that by + M. Fetis, which appeared about four years since at Brussels, and + pronounced both comprehensive and correct.] + +_City of London Charter._--What was the cause of the City charter being +forfeited in the year 1683? + +In a trial, _The King_ v. _The City of London_, judgment was given +against the City, whereby the charter was forfeited. + + S. E. G. + + [An information brought against the Mayor and citizens of London + was "for usurping of divers franchises and liberties within the + said city, and for assuming to themselves an unlawful power to + levy several great sums of money, as well upon the said citizens + of London as strangers; and in particular upon those which come to + the markets of the said city, by colour of the laws and ordinances + in their Common Council by them in fact ordained and established, + without any other right or authority." The circumstance which gave + occasion for this _quo warranto_ to be brought against the City + charter, was a petition the Court of Aldermen and City made to the + King, upon his prorogation of Parliament, when they were going to + try several noblemen concerned in the Popish plot; but especially + for their printing and publishing the petition, which was + considered seditious. For particulars relating to this celebrated + trial, we must refer our correspondent to the following + tracts:--_The Case of the Charter of London Stated_, fol. 1683. + This is an ingenious treatise against the charter. _A Defence of + the Charter and Municipal Rights of the City of London_, by Thomas + Hunt, 4to.; _The Lawyer Outlawed; or a Brief Answer to Mr. Hunt's + Defence of the Charter_, 4to. 1683; _The Forfeitures of London's + Charter, or an Impartial Account of the several Seisures of the + City Charter_, 4to. 1682; _Reflections on the City Charter, and + Writ of Quo Warranto_, 4to. 1682; _The City of London's Plea to + the Quo Warranto_, (an information) _brought against their Charter + in Michaelmas Term_, 1681, fol. 1682. A summary account of the + whole proceedings will be found in Maitland's _History of London_, + vol. i. pp. 473-484.] + +_St. Alkald._--Upon looking over a sheet of the Ordnance Map lately +published, on which part of the parish of Giggleswick is laid down, I +find that the patron saint, to whom the church is dedicated, is St. +Alkald. No calendar that I have access to mentions any such saint. I +shall be obliged by any of your correspondents giving me some account of +him, or referring me to any book where I may read his history. + + F. W. J. + + [In _The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated_, published + by Parker of Oxford, p. 181., our querist will find + + "_S. Alkald_ or _Alkilda_ was commemorated March 28. The church of + Giggleswick, Yorkshire, is named in honour of this saint, and the + Collegiate Church of Middleham in the same county in the joint + names of SS. Mary and Alkald."] + + + + +Replies. + + +PLAIDS AND TARTANS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 107.) + +I am not going to enter into the controversy respecting the antiquity of +the _Highland_ kilt and tartans, nor when and where they were invented. +But in reference to these questions, I beg leave to cite a passage, +which may be found in the second book of the _History_ of Tacitus, in +which is designated a garb having a very distinct analogy to the _trews_ +and tartans of the Highland chiefs. + +In lib. ii. sec. xx. the return of CA|cina from Germany into Italy is +thus described:-- + + "At CA|cina, velut relictAc post Alpes sA|vitiAc ac licentiAc, modesto + agmine per Italiam incessit. Ornatum ipsius, municipia et coloniA| + in superbiam trahebant, quod _versicolore sagulo, bruccas_ tegmen + barbarum, indutus, togatos adloqueretur." + +CA|cina and Valens had been the Imperial "Legati" in Upper Germany, and +the former is thus described in lib. i. sec. liii.:-- + + "At in superiore GermaniAc, CA|cina decorAc juventAc, corpore ingens, + animi immodicus, scito sermone, erecto incessu studia militum + inlexerat." + +So it seems that this handsome Roman, "great in stature," and "graceful +in youth," thought (like many of our modern fine gentlemen when they get +among the hills) the partycoloured plaid and barbarian clothing so +extremely becoming, that he was determined to set the fashion of wearing +it in Italy, and actually was intrepid enough to appear like a male +Bloomer before the astonished eyes of the "Togati," and to answer the +addresses of the "Municipia" and "ColoniA|" clad in this outlandish +costume. + +I leave to more learned antiquaries the task of tracing this Celtic +habit, "in superiore GermaniAc," into the Scottish Highlands. For myself +I have little doubt that from the earliest division of the community +into septs or clans, the chiefs assumed the pattern of this "tegmen +versicolor" which best pleased them, and in course of time the pattern +distinguished the wearers as belonging to such and such chiefs. As to +the kilt, in all probability it was the apology for nudity. + +The chiefs wore the trews, the humbler vassals or serfs either wore no +nether garments at all, or covered their loins with a scanty apron, +which gradually comprising more ample folds, has been modernised into +the kilt. + +But I beg leave to put forward these speculations with all possible +modesty, feeling quite inadequate to discuss such momentous matters from +being only + + A BORDERER. + + +RELIGIOUS STATISTICS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 382.) + +I have a memorandum (not dated) which states that M. Pradt, in his work +on _Ancient and Modern Jesuitism_, gives curious calculations on the +religious statistics of the world. The terrestrial globe, he estimates, +contains 670,000,000 inhabitants, who are thus divided:-- + + Catholics 120,000,000 + Protestants and their dependants 40,000,000 + Of the Greek Church 36,000,000 + Jews 4,000,000 + Mahomedans 70,000,000 + Idolators 400,000,000 + +Of these, China alone, according to the most probable accounts, contains +300,000,000. + +An elaborate, valuable, and now, I believe, a scarce work, entitled _The +Consumption of Public Wealth by the Clergy of every Christian Nation_, +&c. (published by Effingham Wilson in 1822), among details, founded on +authorities of repute, and which are named, gives for each nation, +"France," "Scotland" (its Kirk), "Spain," "Portuguese Church," +"Hungarian Churches," "Clergy in Italy," "Clergy in Austria," "Clergy in +Prussia," "Clergy in Russia," "England and Wales," "Established Church +Property Ireland," &c. &c., the particulars required by Q. E. D. For +instance, under the heading "Hungarian Churches," we are preliminarily +told that-- + + "Hungary contains about 8,000,000 people of various religious + persuasions, who live happily together ever since the days of that + excellent Emperor Joseph II. He laboured resolutely and + successfully, in spite of the bigots of his own religion by whom + he was surrounded, to root out the evils of religious discord from + his dominions; and he left, as a glorious legacy to his people, + for which his memory will be ever dear, the blessings of concord + and harmony between his subjects of all denominations." + +It is then narrated that there are (in Hungary): + + "Catholics, Latin and Greek 4,750,000 + Greek Church 1,150,000 + Calvinists 1,050,000 + Lutherans 650,000 + Unitarian Christians 46,000 + Various small Christian Sects, and + persons of the Jewish faith 200,000." + +But this work contains no summary of the total amounts of its own +enumerations. + + A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. + + +ROYAL LIBRARY. + +(Vol. iii., p. 427.; Vol. iv., pp. 69. 154.) + +Your correspondent J. H. M. remarks (Vol. iv., p. 69.): "In justice to +King George IV., the letter which he addressed to the late Earl of +Liverpool, on presenting the books to his own subjects, should be +printed in your columns." Heartily concurring in this opinion, I have +much pleasure in supplying your readers with a transcript of the same. I +copied it some years back from the original, then in the possession of a +noble friend: + + "Dear Lord Liverpool,--The king, my late revered and excellent + father, having formed, during a long period of years, a most + valuable and extensive library, consisting of about one hundred + and twenty thousand volumes, I have resolved to present this + collection to the British nation. Whilst I have the satisfaction + by this means of advancing the literature of my country, I also + feel that I am paying a just tribute to the memory of a parent, + whose life was adorned with every public and private virtue. I + desire to add, that I have great pleasure, my lord, in making this + communication through you. Believe me, with great regard, your + sincere friend, + + "G. R. + + "Pavilion, Brighton, 15th of January, 1823." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +Your correspondent C. says, "the whole story of the projected sale to +Russia is absolutely unfounded." He seems to consider that, because the +Princess Lieven never heard a syllable about the matter, the whole story +was unfounded--that is, that when a part of a story is untrue the whole +must be untrue. What is really the truth I do not positively _know_; but +I will give you the story, as I heard it at the time, from one who had +good means of information. George IV. disliked the expense of keeping up +the Royal Library; he was also occasionally out of temper at the claims +made or insinuated by some members of the family, that as the library +had not been bequeathed, they had all an equal property in it. To get +rid of the expense and the claims he resolved to dispose of it, and said +something about this wish at his own dinner-table. This was, perhaps, in +the presence of the Russian ambassador, or some distinguished Russian, +or at least came to his ears; and he spoke to Lord Liverpool upon the +subject, expressing a desire to purchase. Lord L. immediately waited +upon the king, and remonstrated in the strongest terms against allowing +such a library collected by a king of England to be sent out of the +country; and went so far as to say that he would resign his office if +the measure was persisted in. The king then resolved to relieve himself +from all annoyance about the matter by presenting it to the nation. Such +I believe to be the outline of the truth: the minute details I did not +"make a Note" of at the time, and will not trust my memory to relate +them. + + GRIFFIN. + + +DAMASKED LINEN. + +(Vol. ii., p. 199.; Vol. iii., pp. 13. 229.) + +In the subjoined account of some old patterns, I have, for the sake of +brevity, enclosed in brackets the descriptions of the several objects +represented, beginning with the highest and most distant. The words +enclosed within inverted commas are the inscriptions. + + No. I. + [Two horsemen, with steel-caps, riding away at speed.] + [Crown.] + "PVRSV'D BY MEN. PRESERV'D BY GOD." + [Crown.] [Crown.] + [Oak branches surrounding a head surmounted + with a low-crowned hat and flowing wig.] + +I may mention that this bears the mark of an ancestor of its present +possessor, who was about forty years of age at the time of the +Restoration, and died in 1707. + + No. II. + "SISTE SOL IN GIBEON ET LVNA IN VALLE IAALON." + [Sun] "RIS" [Moon] "SEL." + [Fortified town.] + [Mortars throwing shells into the town.] + [Tents and cannon.] + [Trophy] "EGENIVS." [Trophy.] + [Equestrian figure holding a baton.] + +Can any of your readers be so good as to explain the allusion of the +above ungainly and somewhat profane compliment to Prince Eugene? + + No. III. + "STAD ANT + WERPEN." + [City gate.] + [Water with ships.] + "DER HERTZOG VON MARLBORVK." + [Equestrian figure in the proper costume, holding a baton.] + +The above probably commemorates the surrender of Antwerp to the allied +armies soon after the battle of Ramillies, May 27, 1706. + + No. IV. + "CAROLVS KA-NIG IN SPANIGEN." + [Equestrian figure.] + [Trophy of arms and banners.] + "MADRIED." + [City and gates.] + [Batteries with cannon planted.] + +I presume this must refer to the short-lived triumph of Charles +(afterwards Emperor of Germany), who was crowned King of Spain at Vienna +in 1703, and entered Madrid in 1706. + + No. V. + [City.] + [River with boats.] + [Cannon and mortars.] + [Tents and halberdiers, and arms strewn about on the ground.] + "KA-NIG GEORGE." + [Crown.] [Crown.] + [Harp.] [Harp.] + [Equestrian figure holding a sceptre.] + +Will some one be so kind as to explain the meaning of this design? + +I may mention that there is little doubt that this cloth, as well as the +others, belonged to the son of the gentleman before mentioned, and that +it is very unlikely that it ever belonged to the royal household. This +may perhaps affect the inference of your correspondent H. W. D. from the +inscription "Der KAnig Georg II." (Vol. iii., p. 229.). + + No. VI. + [A group of figures:--On the right an eastern + monarch standing, and in an attitude of command + towards a female figure on the left, who + is stooping down to put something into the + gaping mouth of a dragon, while with her left + hand she points towards the king. Behind the + woman are three men turning towards the king + in attitudes of entreaty.] + "BABYLON." + [A man and woman kneeling down, with hands + raised as in supplication or astonishment.] + "DANIEL, XIIII." + [A tree with two birds in it. In front of the tree + an angel flying downwards; and underneath, a + man in the same attitude, holding a vessel + shaped like a pitch-kettle in the left hand, and + what appears to be a small loaf or cake in the + right.] + +All the above figures are in oriental costume. The date of this cloth +_cannot_ be later than about 1720. In each case the pattern is repeated +in rows; the alternate rows being reversed so that on whichever side the +cloth is turned, half of the patterns have the inscriptions legible. + + W. S. T. + + +VERMIN, PAYMENTS FOR DESTRUCTION OF. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 208. 389.) + +The authority by which churchwardens paid for the destruction of vermin, +is by acts of parliament (8 Eliz. cap. 15. and 14 Eliz. cap. 11.), but +_not AS churchwardens_; and the payment for vermin out of the +_church-rate_ is illegal: but they are _ex officio_ appointed by the +statutes quoted, "with six other parishioners," as shown by FRANCISCUS, +Vol. iv., p. 389. + +There can be no doubt, that in course of time this assessment got into +desuetude; that churchwardens, being the "distributors," they charged it +on the _church-rate_ by way of simplifying the machinery. This, and +other duties of churchwardens and other parish officers, many of which +have become obsolete, may be seen in Lambard's _Eirenarcha, or Office of +the Justice of the Peace_, first published in 1581, which passed through +many editions from that date to 1637. The work is commended by +Blackstone as deserving the perusal of students. + +With regard to the old names of vermin, _Glead_ and _Ringteal_ are +described by Osbaldiston, in his _Dictionary of Recreation_, as a sort +of kite; the latter with whitish feathers about the tail. _Greas'-head_ +and _Baggar_ he does not notice. May they not be provincialisms? + + H. T. ELLACOMBE + + Clyst St. George. + +In further illustration of this Query, and of J. EASTWOOD'S reply (p. +389.), may be quoted:-- + + "That the distributers of the provision for the destruction of + noysome foule and vermine being chosen, and having money [as + before shown by me, Vol. iv., p. 389.], shall give and pay the + same money so to them delivered, to every person that shall bring + to them any heades of old crowes, choughes, pies, or rookes, taken + within the several parishes, for the heads of every three of them + a peny; and for the heads of every sixe young crowes, choughes, + pyes, or rookes, taken, as is aforesaid, a peny; and for every + sixe egges of any of them unbroken, a peny; and likewise for every + twelve stares heades, a peny. All which said heads and egges, the + said distributers in some convenient place shall keep, and shall + every moneth at the least bring foorth the same before the said + churchwardens and taxors, or three of them, and then and there to + them shall make a true account in writing, what money they have + laid forth and paid for such heads and egges, and for the heads of + such other raveinous birds and vermine, as are hereafter + mentioned, that is to say: + + "For everie head of merton, haukes, fursekite, + moldkite, bussard, scag, carmerant, or ringtaile iid + For every two egges of them id + For every iron or ospraies heads iiiid + For the head of every woodwall, pie, jay, raven, + or kite id + For the head of every bird which is called the + kingsfisher id + For the head of every bulfinsh, or other birde + that devoureth the blouth of fruit id + For the heads of every foxe or gray xiid + For the head of every fichewe, polcat, wesell, + stote, faire, badger, or wildecat id + For the heads of every otter or hedghog iid + For the heads of every three rats or twelve mice id + For the heads of every moldwarpe or want, an + halfe-penie. + + "All which sayd heads and egges shall be foorthwith, after such + account made in the presence of the sayd churchwardens and taxors, + or of three of them, burned, consumed, or cut in sunder."--Vid. 8 + Eliz. c. 15.; 14 Eliz. c 11.; and 39 Eliz. c. 18. + + FRANCISCUS. + + +WAS RALEIGH IN VIRGINIA? + +(Vol. iv., pp. 190. 241.) + +Raleigh never visited Virginia. The numerous expeditions thither, set on +foot by him, and in which he had so large a concern as to cause them to +be called _his_ voyages, no doubt gave rise to the popular error. + +We first find Raleigh's name, in connexion with discovery in North +America, in 1579. In that year Sir Humphrey Gilbert, his stepbrother, +prevailed upon him to join in a projected voyage. The accounts of this +voyage are very scanty: all, I believe, that is known on the subject is +to be found in Hakluyt, vol. iii. p. 146., in the following words: + + "Others failed of their promises contracted, and the greater + number were dispersed, leaving the Generall with few of his + assured friends, with whom he adventured to sea; where having + tasted of no lesse misfortune, he was shortly driven to retire + home with the losse of a tall ship, and (more to his grief) of a + valiant gentleman, Miles Morgan." + +It will be observed that Raleigh's name is not mentioned, the "Generall" +being Gilbert. It appears, however, to be generally assumed by his +biographers that he did accompany this expedition in person. It may, at +all events, be predicated with tolerable certainty, that Raleigh was not +amongst those who deserted Sir Humphrey. Tytler adds the following +particulars, in his _Life of Raleigh_ (Edinburgh, 1833), p. 27., on the +authority of Oldys's _Life of Raleigh_, pp. 28, 29.: + + "On its homeward passage the small squadron of Gilbert was + dispersed and disabled by a Spanish fleet, and many of the company + were slain; but, perhaps owing to the disastrous issue of the + fight, it has been slightly noticed by the English historians." + +Schomburgk adds, in the Introduction to his reprint of Raleigh's +_Guiana_, published for the Hakluyt Society in 1848, also on the +authority of Oldys, that during the engagement "Raleigh was exposed to +great danger." + +We may therefore assume that he did sail with Gilbert on this occasion. +There is no appearance, however, of the expedition having reached +America at all; and most certainly Virginia was not then visited. + +The next voyage undertaken by Gilbert was in 1583. Raleigh took a great +interest in this expedition, and fitted out a barque of two hundred +tons, which bore his name; and although the "most puissant" vessel in +the fleet, it only ranked as "Vice-admirall." The "Delight, _alias_ the +George, of burthen 120 tunnes, was Admirall, in which went the +Generall." They "began their voyage upon Tuesday, the eleventh day of +June, in the yere of our Lord 1583;" but "about midnight" of the 13th +June, "the Vice-admirall forsooke us, notwithstanding that we had the +winde east, faire, and good. But it was after credibly reported that +they were infected with a contagious sickness, and arrived greatly +distressed at Plimmouth.... Sure I am no cost was spared by their owner, +Master Raleigh, in setting them forth." So writes worthy Master Hayes, +who commanded the Golden Hinde, the "Rear-admirall" of the expedition. +It may be easily believed that Raleigh was not on board of the vessel +which belonged to him. Sir H. Gilbert, who was ignorant of the cause of +desertion, wrote thus to Sir George Peckham, after his arrival in +Newfoundland:--"On the 13th the bark Raleigh ran from me, in fair and +clear weather, having a large wind. I pray you solicit my brother +Raleigh to make them an example to all knaves." The subsequent history +of this disastrous expedition need not be dwelt upon. Gilbert reached +Newfoundland, but was lost in returning on board the Squirrel of ten +tons! + +On the 25th March, 1584, Raleigh obtained letters patent from Queen +Elizabeth authorising him to establish a colony in North America, south +of Newfoundland. "The first voyage made" under this patent "to the +coasts of America" was "with two barks, wherein were Captains M. Philip +Amadas, and M. Arthur Barlowe, who _discovered_ part of the countrey now +called Virginia, anno 1584:" the account of which voyage is stated to +have been "written by one of the said Captaines, and _sent_ to Sir +Walter Raleigh, knight, at whose charge and direction the said voyage +was set forty"--_Hak._ vol. iii. p. 246. + +The next voyage is called (p. 251.) "The voyage made by Sir Richard +Grenvill _for_ Sir Walter Raleigh to Virginia, in the yeere 1585." Sir +Richard left a colony under the government of Master Ralph Lane. A list +of all the colonists, to the number of 107, "as well gentlemen as +others, that remained one whole yeere in Virginia," is given in Hakluyt, +at p. 254. The first name is Master Philip Amadas, Admirall of the +countrey;" the second is "Master Hariot." On the 10th June of next year +the colony was visited by Sir Francis Drake, with no less than +twenty-three sail of vessels, "in his prosperous returne from the +sacking of Saint Domingo." Sir Francis gave the colonists, who had +suffered severely from "scarsity," the means of returning to England, +which they did, leaving Virginia on the 18th of June, and arriving at +Portsmouth on the 28th of July, 1586. Governor Lane was greatly blamed +for his precipitate desertion of the colony. Hariot wrote a description +of the country, which occupies fifteen folio pages of Hakluyt. Hallam +(in the passage quoted by MR. BREEN) is correct in describing Hariot as +the companion of Raleigh; for that he was, and very much esteemed by +him: but he is wrong in making it appear that they were together in +Virginia. + +In the meantime Raleigh at home was far from being forgetful of his +colonists, although they seemed so little inclined to depend upon him. +He got ready no less than four vessels: various delays, however, +occurred to retard their sailing; and Raleigh at last getting anxious +started off one of them as a "bark of aviso," or despatch boat, as it is +called in one of the old accounts. It arrived at the site of the colony +"immediately after the departing of our English colony out of this +paradise of the world;" and "after some time spent in seeking our colony +up in the countrey, and not [of course] finding them, it returned with +all the aforesaid provision into England." Thus Hakluyt, page 265., who +also states that it was "sent and set forth at the charges of Sir Walter +Raleigh and his direction;" expressions surely inconsistent with any +supposition that he was on board of this bark of aviso; and yet it would +appear, from the Introduction of Sir Robert Schomburgk, already referred +to, that _this_ was the identical occasion on which Raleigh was +erroneously supposed to have visited Virginia. As what Sir Robert says +is very important, and bears very directly on the question, I quote his +words: + + "It has been asserted by Theobald and others, that Sir Walter + Raleigh himself accompanied this vessel, which he sent for the + relief of the young colony; such may have been his intention, as + Captain Smith states in the first book of his _General History of + Virginia_; but we have so many proofs that Sir Walter did not + leave England in that year, that we are surprised that such an + erroneous statement has found credence up to the present day." + +This is a strong opinion of Sir Robert, and if borne out by evidence, +would be conclusive; but in the first place, his reference to Smith's +_Virginia_ is incorrect; and besides, Smith, for anything he relates +prior to 1606, is only secondary evidence. His book was published in +1624, and is reprinted in Pinkerton's _Voyages_ (1812). On reference to +it there I can find no such _intention_ attributed to Raleigh; and in +fact Smith's account is manifestly taken from Hakluyt (1599), who, it is +well known, had his information on these voyages chiefly from Raleigh +himself[1]. In the second place, it would have been well if Sir Robert +had mentioned some distinct proof that Raleigh was in England on some +one day that the vessel was absent, rather than generally stating that +he did not leave England during 1586. Unfortunately, there is a want of +precision as to the exact dates when the vessel left and returned to +England; enough is said, however, to fix upon the two months _at least_ +from the 20th of May to the 20th of July as being embraced in the period +during which she was on her voyage. In Hakluyt it is stated that she did +not sail until "after Easter:" in 1586 Easter Sunday was, by my +calculation, on the 3rd April. The 20th of May is therefore a liberal +meaning to attach to the expression "after Easter." She arrived in +Virginia "immediately after" Drake sailed, on the 18th of June. Say then +that she even arrived on the 19th June; only spent one day in searching +for the colony; and took thirty days to go home; this would bring us to +the 20th July. It will be noticed that I narrow the time as much as +possible, to strengthen the evidence that would be gained by proving an +_alibi_ for Sir Walter. If it can be shown that he was in England on any +day between the 20th May and the 20th July, the supposition that he went +on this occasion to Virginia must be given up as untenable. I have +therefore directed my inquiries to this point. In the sketch of the life +of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, given in Lodge's _Portraits_, a +work certainly not of indisputable authority, but tolerably correct +notwithstanding, I find the following statement: + + "His [Cumberland's] fleet consisted of three ships, and a pinnace, + _the latter commanded by Sir Walter Raleigh_.... It sailed from + Gravesend on the 26th of June, 1586; but was repeatedly driven + back by contrary winds, and could not finally leave England till + the end of August." + + [Footnote 1: What Smith really says is, speaking generally of + _all_ the voyages, that Raleigh's occasions and employments were + such that he could not go himself; but he says nothing about his + intentions specially as to this particular voyage.] + +Now, if this were quite correct, it would be conclusive, that if Sir +Walter Raleigh sailed from Gravesend on the 26th June, he could not have +started from Virginia to return to England on the 20th of the same +month. I thought it well, however, to verify this statement of Mr. +Lodge, and had recourse to my old friend Hakluyt as usual. I there found +(vol. iii. pp. 769. et seq.) that on starting from Gravesend, there were +only two vessels called respectively the Red Dragon and the Clifford; +these vessels arrived at Plymouth on the 24th of July, and were there +detained by westerly winds until the 17th of August, when they-- + + "Then departed with another ship, also for our Rear-admirall, + called the Roe, whereof W. Hawes was Captaine; and a fine pinnesse + also, called the Dorothie, _which was Sir Walter Raleigh's_." + +It therefore follows, that the pinnace might have joined them +immediately before the 17th of August, a date too late for our purpose. +Nay more, the only authority for Mr. Lodge's statement, that the vessel +was commanded by Sir Walter, rests upon the words which I have put in +Italics; his name is not mentioned in the subsequent account of the +expedition, although, on the 7th of February, 1587, it was found +necessary to hold a council of war, at which no less than eighteen +officers assisted, all of whom, beginning with the admiral, are named. +Raleigh's name does not occur; and is it conceivable that he, if present +in the fleet, would have been absent on such an occasion? This therefore +affords one additional instance in which Raleigh was presumed to be +present merely because he fitted out a vessel. Being inconclusive as a +positive piece of evidence on the main question, my chief reason for +referring to it was to show how hastily some writers make assertions, +and how probable it is that "Theobald and others" went upon similar +grounds in their statement as to Raleigh's having visited Virginia. In +justice to Mr. Lodge, I must mention that the error into which he fell +with respect to Raleigh, in his sketch of the life of the Earl of +Cumberland, is not repeated in his biography of Raleigh, in which it may +be supposed he was more careful. Raleigh's having concerned himself +sometime in July or August in fitting out a vessel for Cumberland's +expedition, undoubtedly forms part of that chain of evidence alluded to +by Schomburgk, tending to prove his continued residence in England in +1586. I feel inclined, however, to search for positive evidence on the +point. In the very valuable collection of letters entitled the +_Leicester Correspondence_, published for the Camden Society in 1844, I +find his name occurring several times. On the 29th of March, 1586, +Raleigh writes "from the court" to the Earl of Leicester, at that time +in the Low Countries: he states that he had moved the Queen to send +Leicester some pioneers, and found her very willing; but that since, the +matter had been stayed, he knew not for what cause. He then goes on to +protest against certain rumours which had been afloat as to his having +been acting a treacherous part with the Queen against the Earl. +Leicester had been in some disgrace with her Majesty, and Raleigh in a +postscript says: + + "The Queen is in very good tearms with yow, and, thanks be to God, + well pacified, and yow are agayne her 'sweet Robyn.'" + +On the 1st of April the Queen herself writes to Leicester a letter, +which will repay perusal. And on the same day, Walsingham, at the +express instance of the Queen, signifies to Leicester that Rawley, "upon +her honor," had done Leicester good offices; and that, during the time +of her displeasure, he dealt as earnestly for him as any other of his +friends. All this shows Raleigh in high favour and standing at the +court; and it is most improbable that he could, at such a moment, absent +himself no less than three months from it. These letters appear to have +been unusually long in reaching Leicester; in the early part of April he +complains of not getting letters from the Queen, and on the 27th a great +many reached him all at once. On the 31st of May, Leicester writes to +Walsingham, and speaks of Rawley's pioneers; saying that he had written +to him saying that they were ready to come. This could not refer to +Raleigh's letter of 29th of March, because in it he states that the +matter had been stayed; it must refer to one of a later date, which does +not appear, but which was written, in all probability, some time on in +May; it could not have been in Leicester's possession on the 29th of +May, because on that day he writes to Walsingham, and mentions the same +subject; namely, his wish for a reinforcement of 1000 men, which led him +to speak of Rawley's pioneers on the 31st. With regard to the time it +took to communicate with Leicester, he was at the Hague on the 30th of +July, and on that day he knew of Drake's arrival at Portsmouth, stated +in Hakluyt's account of Drake's voyage to have taken place on the 28th; +although it is true, Governor Lane, who came home in the fleet, says the +27th of the same month. This was very speedy communication; but the +arrival of Drake, and the results of his enterprise, were looked for +with the utmost anxiety by the English ministry; and, no doubt, their +satisfaction on the subject was communicated to Leicester by a rapid +express. On the 9th of July we find Walsingham writing to Leicester: + + "And lastly, that yt shall in no sorte be fyt for her Majestye to + take any resolutyon in the cause until Sir Francis Drake's + returne, at lest untyll the successe of his vyage be seene; + wheruppon, in verry trothe, dependethe the lyfe and death of the + cause according to man's judgment." + +In a letter from Burleigh to Leicester, dated 20th of June, 1586, occurs +the following: + + "In Irland all thynges are quiet, and a nombre of gentilmen of + Somersett, Devon, Dorcet, Cheshyre, and Lancashyre, are making + themselves to go to Monster, to plant two or three thousand + people, mere English, there this year." + +In a note to this, Mr. Bruce, the editor, states, that Stow records the +names of the honourable and worshipful gentlemen who made the attempt to +colonise Munster, and names, amongst others, Sir Walter Raleigh. It was +on this occasion that the poet Spenser got his grant of 3,028 acres in +the county of Cork, which "is said to be dated June 27, 1586." So the +Rev. Mr. Mitford, in his life of Spenser, prefixed to the Aldine edition +of his poems (1839); and although he seems uncertain as to the date, +there can be no doubt but that it is correct. Now I think that most +people will agree with me in thinking that the whole of this, Raleigh's +movements so far as they can be traced, his position at court, and the +busy and stirring nature of the time, make it altogether improbable that +Raleigh was absent in the month of June, 1586, on a voyage to Virginia. +Hakluyt's not mentioning that he was in the vessel, would of itself be +convincing to my mind, knowing the extent of his information on all +subjects connected with Raleigh, and his minute and painstaking +accuracy. Knowing, however, that _this_ was the voyage in which Raleigh +was stated to have visited Virginia, I have thought it worth while to +search for more positive evidence. How far I have succeeded may be seen, +but it is open to others to fix the fact of Raleigh's having been in +England within the time I have limited. As a hint to go upon, I may +mention that Babington's conspiracy was known to the English ministry on +the 9th of July, although the conspirators were not apprehended until a +month after; if Raleigh could be shown to have had any share in the +discovery of the plot, his presence in England in the beginning of July, +1586, would be established beyond all doubt. + +I have already been more than sufficiently tedious on the subject of the +voyage of this little bark; what I have brought forward however bears +more or less upon the question as to Raleigh having visited Virginia: I +am clearly of opinion that on this occasion he did not. I cannot +refrain, however, from adding a word or two of purely speculative +conjecture. There is something rather suspicious in Drake visiting +Virginia with the whole of his armament, and losing time in doing so, +when the whole nation, from the queen downwards, was on the very +tenter-hooks of anxiety for intelligence of him and of his success. The +question arises, was it a rendezvous? and did the "bark of aviso" bear +other and more important despatches than those addressed to Master Ralph +Lane? Might not its arrival a day or two earlier have directed Drake to +strike a blow at some defenceless but important part of the Spanish +empire, deadly in proportion to its being unexpected? These are +questions which I can in no wise answer, but they have arisen in my +mind; and if it were so, we might be fain to believe, in spite of +everything that I have been able to bring forward, that Raleigh was +indeed on board his gallant little bark, but that, the mark not having +been hit, the attempt was kept secret. It must not be forgotten that at +that time, with the exception of this little colony, England had not a +rood of land in the New World. However, I must remember that history +ought not to deal in conjecture. + +About fourteen or fifteen days after the departure of the bark, Grenvill +made his appearance with the other three vessels. After making every +search he returned home, leaving fifteen men on the Island of Roanoke. +Subsequent expeditions found no traces of these men excepting the bones +of one of them. No one has ever asserted that Raleigh was on board of +this fleet. + +Nothing daunted by these failures-- + + "In the yeere of our Lord 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh, intending to + persevere in the planting of his countrey of Virginia, prepared a + newe colonie of one hundred and fiftie men to be sent thither, + under the charge of John White, whom hee appointed Governour, and + also appointed unto him twelve assistants, unto whom he gave a + charter, and incorporated them by the name of the Governour and + Assistants of the Citie of Raleigh in Virginia."--_Hak._ Vol. iii. + p. 280. + +This colony, owing to contentions with the natives and other causes, did +not thrive; and in August of the same year White was, much against his +wish, induced to return to England for assistance. He failed in his +first attempt to go back with aid. In 1593 he gives, at Hakluyt's +request, an account of a voyage he made thither in 1590, but which quite +failed in its object. The men with whom he embarked showed a greater +disposition towards buccaneering, than to assist him in his search for +the unfortunate colonists. He found traces of their having gone to the +Island of Croatan; but his associates would not prosecute the search, +and poor White, with a sad heart, was obliged to leave them, if they +even then survived, to their fate. From that day to this no intelligence +has ever been got as to what became of them. This voyage was made, if +not under Raleigh's auspices, at all events with his assistance. It has +been supposed by some that this voyage of White in 1590 was the _last_ +attempt made by Raleigh to succour his colonists--he has even been +reproached with it. This, however, was not the case. At p. 1653. vol. +iv. of Purchas, a very brief account is given of a ship having been +purchased by Raleigh and sent out under the command of-- + + "Samuell Mace (a sufficient marriner who had been twice before at + Virginia), to fynd out those people which he had sent last thither + by Captain White in 1587." + +The ill success of the previous attempts to communicate with the colony +seems to have been ascribed to the practice which prevailed in that day +of engaging seamen for the voyage with a share in the profits; this +Raleigh attempted to remedy by hiring "all the cumpanye for wages by the +month." I quote from Strachey's _Virginia_, printed by the Hakluyt +Society from an original MS., whose statement bears undoubted marks of +being the original from which Purchas took his account, and somewhat +abridged it. In spite of Raleigh's precautions as to the hiring, the +people behaved ill, and-- + + "They returned, and brought no comfort or new accesse of hope + concerning the lives and safety of the unfortunate English people, + for which only they were sett forth, and the charg of this + employment was undertaken." + +Here ends the history of Sir Walter Raleigh's connexion with Virginian +discovery and colonisation. A new company was at the moment in +contemplation, and it even despatched its first pioneer vessel in the +same month of 1602 as Raleigh did. Raleigh may have had, to a certain +extent, a selfish object in view. His patent of 1584 was conditional, as +regarded its continuance, on his planting a colony within six years; and +had he been able to have discovered any remains, however small, of the +colony of '87, he could have prevented interlopers. The nature of his +position also in England in March, 1602, may perhaps afford a clue to +his designs. At that moment his royal mistress lay on the bed of +sickness, dying by inches. The clouds were beginning to gather around +Raleigh's head. His star, which had been in the ascendant for more than +twenty years, was getting nigh its setting. Raleigh, a man of wisdom and +foresight, as well as conduct and action, knew all this. He knew what he +had to expect, and what he afterwards in fact experienced, from the new +king, to whom all eyes were turned. Is it not most likely that he looked +to Virginia as his haven of refuge, where, if he could maintain his +patent rights, he might have set his enemies at defiance? Had this +dream, if he entertained it, been realised, the twelve years' +imprisonment and the bloody scaffold on which his head fell, might have +been averted. This, however, was not to be;--the search, as already +mentioned, was fruitless, and the new company went on; and, finally, +under a fresh charter from James I., Virginia was again colonised in +1606, since which time its history and existence have been +uninterrupted. On Raleigh's return from his last expedition to Guiana in +1618, only a few months before his murder, he touched at Newfoundland, +being, as I verily believe, the only occasion on which he set his foot +in North America. + +It may cause your readers to smile, and perhaps be a surprise to some of +them, when I conclude this long paper, written on the subject of +Raleigh's connexion with Virginia, by asserting that he never had any +connexion, direct or indirect, with it! All the colonies with which he +had to do were planted in North Carolina and the islands thereto +belonging. To have laid any stress upon this, or to have mentioned it +earlier than now, would have amounted to nothing but a play upon names. +The country called Virginia in Queen Elizabeth's reign, embraced not +only the state now so called, but also Maryland and the Carolinas. +Virginia Proper was in reality first planted by the company of 1606, who +fixed their settlement on the Chesapeake. + + T. N. + + Demerary, Oct. 1851. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Bunting's Irish Melodies._--On p. 167. of the third volume of "NOTES +AND QUERIES," MR. STEPHENS, of Stockholm asks a question concerning the +_Irish Airs_ of this distinguished musician. As a member of the Royal +Academy of Music in Stockholm, I feel more than ordinary pleasure in +answering the Query of your esteemed correspondent. + +Edward Bunting was born at Armagh in 1773. He claimed descent from +Patrick Gruama O'Quin, who as killed in arms in July, 1642; and it was +to this origin that Bunting attributed his musical talents, as well as +certain strong Irish predilections, for which he was through life +remarkable. His first collection of _Irish Airs_ was published in 1796; +his second in 1809; and his third, and last, in 1840. The first work +contains sixty-six native Irish airs never before published. The second +added seventy-five tunes to the original stock. This volume, like the +first, afforded a copious fund of new melodies, of which the +song-writers of the day eagerly and largely availed themselves. The +third and final collection consists of upwards of 150 melodies; "Of +these," the editor remarks in his Preface, "considerably more than 120 +are now for the first time published, the remainder being sets much +superior to those already known." Bunting did not live to carry out his +plan of republishing his first two collections uniform with the third. +He died December 21, 1843, aged seventy. A copious memoir of him, +accompanied with a portrait, may be found in the _Dublin University +Magazine_, No. XLI., January, 1847. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Colonies in England_ (Vol. iv., pp. 272. 370.).--In Vol. iv., p. 207. +inquiry is made about the existence of colonies of Moors and others in +different parts of England: I was not aware of there being any such as +those he mentions, but as your correspondent wishes to know of any +others which may still exist, I can inform him that colonies of +Spaniards are known of in Mount's Bay and Torbay. The latter, from +having intermingled with the surrounding population, have not now, I +believe, much more than a traditionary Spanish descent; whilst the +former, on the contrary, have kept aloof, and are easily distinguished +from their marked Spanish features. This colony is planted at Mousehole; +and, according to their account, they have been settled there upwards of +three centuries. Another account declares the original settlers to have +formed part of the Spanish Armada; and that after its defeat, they made +a descent on this part of the Cornish coast, drove out or killed the +former inhabitants and have ever since remained unmolested, and in great +measure distinct from the surrounding inhabitants. The nature of the +country in which they settled has, no doubt, proved favourable to them +in this respect, as the soil is barren and rocky, with thinly scattered +villages inhabited by a hardy race of fishermen. + + H. L. + +The settlement of a colony of Flemings in the lower part of +Pembrokeshire, called Rhos and Castle Martin, in the time of Henry I., +was one of the subjects discussed at the meeting of the Cambrian +ArchA|ological Association at Tenby in August last, where the subject was +fully debated, and the fact seemed established. A full report of this +discussion is contained in the October number of the _Cambrian +ArchA|ological Association_, published by Pickering, London. + + T. O. M. + +_"History of Anglesey," &c._ (Vol. iv, p. 317.).--This publication is +attributed to the Rev. J. Thomas in a note to page 230. of the _Cambrian +Plutarch_, by the late J. Humphreys Parry. + + T. O. M. + +_The Lowey of Tunbridge_ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--There still is, I +believe, a district known by this name. In order to save the valuable +space in "NOTES AND QUERIES," I will merely refer E. N. W. for +information respecting it to the following works: + + "A Perambulation of Kent; written in the yeere 1570 by William + Lambarde of Lincolnes Inn, Gent. Imprinted at London by Edm. + Bollisant, 1596."--Page 425. + +This first I believe to be a somewhat scarce book. + + "A Topographie or Survey of the County of Kent. By Richard + Kilburne, London, 1659."--Pp. 276, 277. + + "Tunbridge Wells and its Neighbourhood. By Paul Amsinck, Esq., + London, 1810."--Pp. 97-99. + +There are incidental notices of Tunbridge Lowey in Hasted's _History of +Kent_. From the _Parliamentary Gazetteer_ I extract the following (to +which my attention has been directed by a friend):-- + + "Tunbridge Lowey, a division in the Lathe of Aylesford, County of + Kent. Area, 20,660 acres; houses, 2,072; population in 1831, + 12,233." + +In 1841 the census returns for that district gave a population of +14,638. + +There is also, I believe, another "Lowey," viz. that of Pevensey. + + R. VINCENT. + +_Praed's Works_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--About five years since I saw in +the travelling library of an American lady a very good edition of +Praed's _Poems_, small 8vo. clear type, published (I believe) in the +_States_. The owner promised to send me a fac-simile of the work, on her +return to New York; but family bereavements and various painful +circumstances have arisen to banish the recollection of such a promise. +I have asked for the book in vain in London; but if your correspondent +K. S. is very anxious to procure a copy, I would suggest an order for +it, given through _Chapman in the Strand_, to whom Wiley and Putnam +appear to have transferred the American literary agency. I should think +the price would not exceed six or seven shillings. + + YUNAF. + + [This collection was published by Griswold of New York in 1844. We + saw a copy at Tupling's, No. 320. Strand, a few days since.] + +_John A Cumber_ (Vol. iv., p. 83.).--Some months ago MR. J. P. COLLIER +made some inquiries respecting John A Kent, the Princess Sidanen, and +John A Cumber. Respecting the two latter I was enabled to furnish some +information; and since that I have fallen upon the traces of John A +Cumber. My inquiries have recently been directed to the scene of the +Battle of Cattraeth or Siggeston (Kirby Sigston); and I have +endeavoured, hitherto ineffectually, to find some good description of +the scenery of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and of the great plain of +Mowbray, which was probably the scene of the conflict described by +Aneurin, and which, I believe, includes both Catterick and Sigston. It +was in that country that I found John A Cumber, who is most probably the +person described in the following extract:-- + + "Thirsk.--In the reign of Henry VII. an insurrection broke out + here, in consequence of an obnoxious tax. This was a subsidy + granted by the parliament to the king, to enable him to carry on + the war in Brittany against the French. The Earl of Northumberland + had signified at an assembly, that the king would not remit any + part of the tax, though the northern people had besought it; when + they, taking the earl to be the cause of the answer, fell upon, + and slew him, together with several of his servants, at the + instigation of one John A Chamber. They then placed themselves + under a leader, Sir John Egremond, who, on being defeated by the + Earl of Surrey, fled into Burgundy. John A Chamber and some others + were taken, and executed at York."--_A Picturesque Tour in + Yorkshire and Derbyshire_, by the late Edward Dayes, London, 1825, + pp. 147-8. + +Dayes gives no authorities[2]; but this may afford a clue to further +discoveries. + + T. STEPHENS. + + Merthyr, Nov. 21. 1851. + + [Footnote 2: [Dayes' account of the above insurrection will be + found in Kennett's _History of England_, vol. i. p. 595.--ED.]] + +_Punishment of Prince Edward of Carnarvon_ (Vol. iv., pp. 338. +409.).--MR. W. S. GIBSON will find further particulars of the offence +and punishment of this prince in a paper by Mr. Blaauw on the recently +discovered letters of Prince Edward, which is published in the second +volume of the _Sussex ArchA|ological Collections_. The offence appears to +have been committed in May or June, 1305, and the minister was, as has +been stated, Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, the +king's Treasurer, but in the letters called Bishop of Chester; a seeming +discrepancy arising from the fact that the Bishops of Lichfield and +Coventry were not unfrequently called Bishops of Chester at that period, +which was two centuries before the present see of Chester was created. + + W. S. W. + + Middle Temple. + +It may be as well to add a note to your two communications from MR. +JOSEPH BURTT and R. S. V. P., that the _Bishop of Chester_, named by the +former, is one and the same person with the _Bishop of Lichfield and +Coventry_, named by the latter, as suggested by MR. FOSS; the two +bishoprics being identical, and almost as often called by one title as +by the other. + + P. P. C. + +_Joceline's Legacy_ (Vol. iv., pp. 367. 410.).--The _first_ edition I +believe to have been "_The Mother's Legacie to her Vnborne Childe_, by +Elizabeth Iocelin, London. Printed by Iohn Hauiland, for William Barret, +1624." pp. 114. + title, approbation and epistle dedicatorie (40). + +Henry Jocelyn, a younger son of Sir Thomas Jocelyn, who died 4 Eliz., +married Anne, daughter and heir of Humphry Torrell, Esq., of Torrell's +Hall, Essex, by whom he had Sir Thomas Jocelyn, Knt., and _other sons;_ +one of whom I suspect to have been the Tourell Jocelin, husband to Eliz. +Jocelin, the authoress of this excellent little tract. + + P. B. + +_Bristol Tables_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--The four remarkable bronze +tables, respecting which E. N. W. inquires, formerly stood under the +piazza of the "Tolzey," or "Counter," in Bristol; the place where the +merchants transacted business. On the opening of the Exchange in 1743, +they were removed, and fixed in front of that building, where they now +stand. It appears that they were presented to the city at different +times, and by different persons. On a garter, beneath the surface of one +of them, is the following inscription:-- + + "Thomas Hobson of Bristol made me, anno 1625. Nicholas Crisp of + London gave me to this honourable city in remembrance of God's + mercy in anno domini 1625. N. C." + +On a ring round the surface is this inscription: + + "Praise the Lord, O my soul! and forget not all his benefits. He + saved my life from destruction, and ... to his mercy and + loving-kindness. Praise...." + +On a ring round the surface of the second is the following: + + "A.D. 1631. This is the gift of Mr. White of Bristoll, Merchant, + brother unto Dr. Thomas White, a famous benefactor to this citie." + +On the garter round the exterior is this inscription: + + "The church of the Living God is the pillar and ground of the + truth. So was the work of the pillars finished." + +The third table has the following words round the surface: + + "This Post is the gift of Master Robert Kitchen, Merchant, some + time Maior and Alderman of this city, who deceased Sep. 1. 1594." + +On the ring below the surface: + + "His Executors were fower of his servants. John Barker, Mathew + Howil, and Abell Kitchin, Aldermen of this city, and John + Rowborow, Sherif. 1630." + +Six lines in verse, and a shield with armorial bearings, formerly +appeared as the centre of this table; but they are now obliterated. + +The fourth table, which is supposed to be the oldest, has no +inscription. + +These curious round tables, on which the merchants of this ancient city +formerly made their payments, and wrote their letters, &c., are now used +by the newsmen, who here sell the daily journals, &c. In times of +popular excitement, they have been sometimes used as pedestals, whence +mob-orators, and candidates for parliamentary honours, have harangued +the populace. + + J. R. W. + +_Grimsdyke or Grimesditch_ (Vol. iv., pp. 192. 330.).--There is a +hundred in Norfolk called Grimeshoe or Grimeshow, of which Blomefield, +in his History, vol. ii. p. 148., says: + + "It most probably derives its name from _Grime_ and _hoo_, a hilly + champaign country. This Grime was (as I take it) some considerable + leader or general, probably of the Danes, in this quarter; and if + he was not the _prA|situs comitatus_, or _vicecomes_, that is, the + shire reeve or sheriff, he was undoubtedly the _CenturiA| + prA|positus_, that is, the hundred-greeve; and, as such, gave the + name to it, which it retains to this day." + +Near this is a curious Danish encampment, with a number of pits and +tumuli, called _Grime's Graves_, from the aforementioned Grime. These +are about two miles east of the village of Weeting, on a rising ground. +On the west side of the village is a bank and ditch, extending several +miles, called the Fen-dyke or Foss. The encampment contains about two +acres, and is of a semicircular form. There are numerous deep pits dug +within it in the quincunx form, and capable of concealing a large army. +There are also several tumuli, one in particular of a long shape. The +usual opinion respecting these remains is, that it was the seat of great +military operations between the Saxons and Danes. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Derivation of "Ara"_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--With regard to the +derivation of _Ara_ (or _Era_). I have always been accustomed to +explain the derivation of _Ara_ or _Era_ thus:--that it is a term +transferred from the [brazen] tablets, on which the records of events +were noted, to the events themselves, and thence to the computum, or +fixed chronological point from which the reckoning proceeds. + +My difficulty here has been to find sufficient instances of the use of +brass in ancient times for these purposes. Brass was the material on +which laws, &c. were commonly registered: but the fasti at present +discovered, as far as I can learn, are engraven on marble; as, for +instance, the Fasti Capitolini, discovered in the Roman Forum in 1547, +and the fragments afterwards brought to light in 1817, 1818. + +Isidore of Hispola, in the eighth century, in his _Origines_, gives this +derivation: + + "Ara singulorum annorum constituta est a CA|sare Augusto, quando + primum censum exegit. Dicta autem Ara ex eo, quod omnis orbis A|s + reddere professus est reipublicA|." + +I quote on the authority of Facciolati, who adds that others derive the +word from the letters A.ER.A., "annus erat Augusti." These are not at +all satisfactory; and I shall be glad if you will allow me to throw in +my derivation as "being worth what it will fetch." + + THEOPHYLACT. + +Koch says, in note 5 to the Introduction of his _Revolution of Europe_, +that "A|ra" is derived from the initials of the phrase "Anno erat +regnante Augusto;" and was first used among the Spaniards, who dated +from the renewal of the second triumvirate even down to the fourteenth +or fifteenth centuries. + + HD. + +_Scent of the Blood-hound_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--C. H. asks whether it +be true that hound loses his scent-- + + "If he fele swetness of A3/4e flouris." + +A few years ago a master of fox-hounds in the New Forest excused some +bad sport in March thus "The hounds can't hunt for those d--d stinking +violets!" rather to the amusement of some of his field. + + G. N. + +_Monk and Cromwell Families_ (Vol. iv., p. 381.).--A SUBSCRIBER seems to +imply that the Monk and Cromwell families intermarried. In Chauncy's +_Hertfordshire_, vol. i. p. 582. of the new edition, but which was +originally printed in 1700, it is stated, that the well-known manor of +Theobalds was granted by Charles II. to the great Monk in tail male; on +the death of his son, Duke Christopher, it reverted to the crown; and +that King William, by letters patent of the 4th of April, 1689, gave it +to William Bentinck, who was created Earl of Portland. It must have come +therefore, to the Cromwells by intermarriage either with Bentinck, +which, I believe, was not the case, or with some subsequent purchasers +of the manor. Theobalds originally belonged to Sir Robert Cecil, of whom +James I. obtained it in exchange for Hatfield. It was given as reward +for restoring the Stuarts to Monk, and to Bentinck for assisting again +to expel them. + + J. H. L. + +"_Truth is that which a man troweth_" (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--For the +information of your correspondent I". I send the following, +which I believe to be the original authority for the above saying. It is +taken from the celebrated work of Horne Tooke's, entitled _Diversions of +Purley_, which, though highly interesting as a treasury of philological +information, contains this among other absurd attempts to base moral +conclusions on the foundation of etymology:-- + + "_Truth_ is the third person singular of the indicative _trow_. It + was formerly written _troweth_, _trowth_, _trouth_, and _troth_. + And it means (_aliquid_, anything, something) that which one + _troweth_, i.e. thinketh, or firmly believeth." + +Dugald Stewart, in his _Philosophical Essays_, justly observes regarding +the principle involved in such speculations, that "if it were admitted +as sound, it would completely undermine the foundations both of logic +and of ethics." + + TYRO. + + Dublin. + +"_Worse than a Crime_" (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--In reply to a question you +attribute the famous saying concerning the murder of the Duc D'Enghien +to Talleyrand. + +If you will refer to p. 266. vol. i. of FouchA(C)'s _Memoirs_, 2nd edition, +1825, C. Knight, you will find that he claims the saying to himself: + + "I was not the person who hesitated to express himself with the + least restraint respecting the violence against the rights of + nations and of humanity. 'It is more than a crime, it is a + political fault.' I said words which I record, because they have + been repeated and attributed to others." + + J. W. + + Walsall. + +In matters of rumour different people hear different things. I never +heard the words "c'estoit pire qu'un crime, c'estoit une faute," +ascribed to any one but FouchA(C) of Nantes. I have understood that the +late Prince of CondA(C) would not hold any intercourse with the Prince de +Talleyrand, or with the Court when he was present officiating as Grand +Chamberlain of France, owing to his full conviction of that minister's +privity to the murder of his son. But how is that consistent with +Talleyrand's more than condemning, and even ridiculing the action? + + A. N. + +_Verses in Classical Prose_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--Merely as matter of +information, permit me to refer your correspondent A. A. D. to the notes +of Glareanus and Drakenborch on the first lines of Livy's preface, and +to the "variorum" commentators on the first line of Tacitus' _Annals_ +("Urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere"), for a collection of +examples of the occurrence of verse in prose compositions. + + THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY. + +_Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru_ (Vol. iv., p. 257.).--Probably the +melodramatic spectacle mentioned by MR. HASKINS was derived from a +Spanish book, of which I possess an English translation, bearing the +following title:-- + + "A Relation of the First Voyages and Discoveries made by the + Spaniards in America, with an Account of their unparalleled + Cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above Forty + Millions of People. Together with the Propositions offered to the + King of Spain, to prevent the further ruin of the West Indies. By + Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an + Eye-witness of their Cruelties. Illustrated with Cuts. London, + printed for Daniel Brown at the Black Swan and Bible without + Temple Bar, and Andrew Bell at the Cross Keys and Bible in + Cornhill, near Stocks Market, 1699." 8vo. pp. 248. + +The "cuts" are twenty-two in number, on two fly-sheets, and represent +torturing death in the most horrible variety. + +A MS. note on a fly-leaf, in the handwriting of Mr. Bowdler of Bath, +says, "This book is taken out of the fourth part of Purchas's +_Pilgrims_, fol. 1569." + + E. WARING. + + Hotwells, Clifton. + +_Nolo Episcopari_ (Vol. iv., p. 346.).--_Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ seems to +ascribe the above oft-quoted words to the _Roman Pontifical_:-- + + "It is lawful to desire a Bishoprick; neither can the + unwillingness to accept it be, in a prudent account, adjudged the + aptest disposition to receive it (especially if done in + ceremony--(in Pontifical. Rom.)--just in the instant of their + entertainment of it, and possibly after a long ambition.)"--_Life + of Christ_, Ad Sect. IX. Part I. 2.; _Considerations upon the + Baptism of Jesus_, p. 96. Lond. 1702. Fol. + +On more occasions than one I have hunted Roman Pontificals in vain, but +I may have been unfortunate in the editions to which I had access. + +It cannot at all events have descended from remote antiquity, for +"episcopari" is a comparatively modern word. + +St. Bernard uses it in his 272nd _Epistle_; but the Benedictine editors +speak of it as an "exotic." + + RT. + + Warmington. + +_Hougoumont_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The assertion of your correspondent +A. B. R. I have met with before, but forget where: viz. that the proper +designation of the chActeau in question is _Goumont_, and that +_Hougoumont_ is only a corruption of _ChActeau Goumont_. + +This may be the case; but the Duke must not be charged with the +corruption, for I have now before me a map of the DA(C)partement de la +Dyle, published "l'An 8 de la RA(C)publique FranASec.aise, A Bruxelles, &c., +par Ph. J. Maillart et Soeur," &c., in which the place is distinctly +called _Hougoumont_. + + A. C. M. + + Exeter. + +_Call a Spade, a Spade_ (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--I have found two early, +but unauthenticated, instances of the use of this saying, in a note by +J. Scaliger on the _Priapeia, sive Diversorum Poetarum in Priapum +Lusus_:-- + + "Simplicius multo est, ----, latinA" + Dicere, quid faciam? crassa MinervA| mea est." + + _Carmen_, ii. 9, 10. + + "a1/4OEI cubedII?IIa1/2I, I mua1/4 deg.I1/4II I"a1/2'I1/2 IfIa1/2+-II.I1/2 IfIa1/2+-II.I1/2 I"a1/2 cubedI cubedI%;" + Aristophanes.--"Unde jocus maximi Principis, Philippi Macedonis. + Quum ii, qui prodiderant Olynthum Philippo, conquestum et + expostulatum ad ipsum venissent, quod injuriosA" nimis vocarentur + proditores ab aliis Macedonibus: I?a1/4+- IoeI+-II muI'a1/2I1/2I muI,, inquit, a1/4EuroI1/4I+-II mua?-I, + II+-a1/2 a1/4"I cubedII?III?a1/2. I mua1/4 deg.IfII I"a1/2'I1/2 IfIa1/2+-II.I1/2 IfIa1/2+-II.I1/2 I"a1/2 cubedI cubedI?I...IfI."aEuro"J. Scaliger. + +For which note see the "Priapeia," &c., at the end of an edition of +Petronius Arbiter, entitled, _Titi Petronii Arbitri Equitis Romani +Satyricon. Concinnante Michaele Hadrianide. Amstelodami. Typis Ioannis +Blaeu. M.DC.LXIX._ + +As I cannot at this moment refer to any good verbal index to +Aristophanes, I cannot ascertain in what part of his works Scaliger's +quotation is to be found. Burton, in his preface to the _Anatomy of +Melancholy_ ("Democritus Junior to the Reader"), repeats the saying +twice, _i.e._ in Latin and English, and presents it, moreover, in an +entirely new form: + + "I am _aquA| potor_, drink no wine at all, which so much improves + our modern wits; a loose, plain, rude writer, _ficum voco ficum, + et ligonem ligonem_, and as free as loose; _idem calamo quod in + mente_: I call a spade a spade; _animis hA|c scribo, non auribus_, + I respect matter, not words," &c.--Democritus Jr. to the Reader, + Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, Blake, MDCCCXXXVI. one vol. 8vo. + p. 11. + + C. FORBES. + + Temple. + +"_Tace is Latin for a Candle_" (Vol. i., p. 385.; Vol. ii., p. +45.).--Your correspondent H. B. C. states that the earliest use he has +met with of this phrase is in Dean Swift's _Polite Conversation_, +written, as appears by the preface, about 1731; but he will find, in +Dampier's _Voyages_, the same phrase in use in 1686, or perhaps earlier: +not having the work itself at hand, I cannot refer him to the passage, +but he will find it quoted in the _United Service Journal_ for 1837, +Part III. p. 11. + + J. S. WARDEN. + + Balica, Oct. 1851. + +_Collars of SS._ (Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236.).--With reference to the +different notices that have appeared in your pages respecting effigies +bearing the collar of SS, and especially in compliance with the desire +expressed by MR. E. FOSS, that information should be sent to you of any +effigy that might be met with having this distinction, I beg to state +that in the church of St. Mary, Ruabon, Denbighshire, there is a finely +executed high tomb of alabaster, bearing the effigies of "John ap Ellis +Eyton" and of his lady "Elizabeth Chalfrey Ellis Eyton;" the former +deceased A.D. 1524, and the latter A.D. 1527. The knight wears the +collar of SS, to which is suspended a rose-shaped ornament, and is +stated to have been at the battle of Bosworth, and, for his services on +that day, to have been granted by Henry VII. what lands he chose. The +knight's gauntlets lie together on his right side, and his feet rest +against a lion. + + G. J. R. G. + + Pen-y-lau, Ruabon. + +_Locusts of the New Testament_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255. 351.).--In reference +to the word a1/4EuroIIa1/2I,, which has given rise to so much discussion +in your very valuable periodical, may I be permitted to observe that the +pActois spoken in this town (Nice = Nizza = NicA|a, founded by the +PhocA|ans, expelled their Asian abode by Harpagus; Strabo, l. 4. p. 184.; +Herod. i. 163.) bears many traces of its Greek origin. The tree which +answers to the "locust" is called by the peasantry _acroA squaredb_; and in +order that you, or any of your correspondents, may observe its +similarity in every point to the Eastern tree, I have transmitted a +packet of its fruit to your office. I do not know whether Grimm's law +would authorise the antithesis of a _d_ for a _p_ sound, but every +student of Romaic will allow the tendency that _i_ and _o_ sounds have +for interchanging. This would give _acreed_, I+-IIa1/2.I', the root of +a1/4EuroIIa1/2I,. + + NICAENSIS. + +_Theodolite_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--If your correspondent J. S. WOOD will +refer to Todd's _Johnson's Dictionary_, he will find the derivation of +the word thus-- + + "THEODOLITE (Fr. from II mua?, Gr., contracted of II mua1/2+-I%, or II mua1/2+-I?I1/4I+-I, to + observe; and I'I?I"IIa1/2I,, long. See Morin, _Fr. and Gr. Etym. Dict._), + a mathematical instrument for taking heights and distances." + + HENRY WILKINSON. + + Brompton, Nov. 15. 1851. + +"_A Posie of other Men's Flowers_" (Vol. iv., p. 211.).--Your +correspondent MR. C. FORBES appears anxious to know where Montaigne +speaks of "a posie of other men's flowers." I believe that there is an +error in confining Montaigne's idea thus exclusively to poetry, for I +presume the passage sought for is what I shall now quote; but if so, it +applies generally to any borrowed thought from an author embellished by +another: + + "La vA(C)ritA(C) et la raison sont communes A un chascun, et ne sont + plus A celui qui les adictes premiA"rement, qu'A qui les dict + aprez: ce n'est non plus selon Platon que selon moy, puisque luy + et moy l'entendons, et veoyons de mesme. _Les abeilles pillotent + deASec.a delA les fleurs; mais elles en font aprez le miel, qui est + tout leur; ce n'est plus thym, ny mariolaine_; ainsi les piA"ces + empruntA(C)es d'aultruy, il les transformera et confondra pour en + faire un ouvrage tout sien, A scavoir son jugement," + &c.--_Essays_, livre i. chap. 25. + +I hope that this will satisfactorily answer your correspondent's +inquiry. + + J. R. + +_Voltaire_ (Vol. iii. p. 433.).--On the subject of _anagrams_, lately +adverted to by your correspondents, I not long since referred to that +which showed that the name of _Voltaire_, as adduced by me in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ a few years back, instead of being, as asserted +by Lord Brougham and others, that of an estate, was in fact the anagram +of his family patronymic, with the adjunct of l. j., or junior (le +jeune), to distinguish him from his elder brother. We see similarly the +President of the French National Assembly uniformly called "Dupin +l'aA(R)nA(C)"; and his brother Charles, until created a Baron, always "Dupin +le jeune." Observing, therefore, that Voltaire was in reality Arouet le +jeune, or, as he signed it, Arouet l. j., and that the two letters u and +j were, until distinguished by the Elzevir, indiscriminately written v +and i, the anagram will thus be clearly proved: every letter, though +transposed, being equally in both:-- + + A R O V E T L J + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + + V O L T A I R E + 4 3 7 6 1 8 2 5 + +Although, as above mentioned, this unquestionable fact has already +appeared in another publication, and, indeed, likewise in the _Dublin +Review_ for June 1845 (both from me), yet the old mis-statement of this +celebrated personage's biographers still continued to be asserted, as it +has been in your own pages. This is my motive for now addressing you on +the matter. Voltaire, I may add, was a little partial to his paternal +name. To the AbbA(C) Moussinot, his Parisian agent, he thus wrote on the +17th of May, 1741: + + "Je vous ai envoyA(C) ma signature, dans laquelle j'ai oubliA(C) le nom + d'Arouet, que j'oublie assez volontiers." + +And, on another occasion: + + "Je vous renvoie d'autres parchemins, oA se trouve ce nom, malgrA(C) + le peu de cas que j'en fais." + +Mixing with the higher classes of society, he wished, like them, to be +known by a territorial possession, and framed the name now resounding +through the world, prefixing to it the nobiliary particle, _De_. His +elder brother was named Armond, whose death preceded that of the younger +by thirty-seven years, 1741-1778; both were unmarried. Numerous, and +curious too, are the anagrams which my memory could furnish me. + + J. R. + +_SinaA-tic Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--The decipherer of these +inscriptions was the late Professor Beer of Berlin. T. D. will find his +alphabet, together with that of the Himyaritic inscriptions, and others +which resemble them, in Dr. (John) Wilson's _Lands of the Bible_. + + E. H. D. D. + +_Le Greene at Wrexham_ (Vol. iv., p. 371.).--A survey of the lordships +of Bromfield and Yale (within the former of which this town is +situated), made by Norden about the year 1620 for Charles I., then +Prince of Wales, has been preserved in the Harleian Collection in the +British Museum. The descriptive part is in Latin; but before the names +of the places and streets in this town the French article _le_ is used, +as Le highe street, Le hope street, Le church street, Le beast market, +Le greene. The larger part of this Le greene (now called "The Green") +has still grass growing upon it; and there is no tradition that either a +granary or corn-mill was ever situated there. + + [Pointing hand symbol] + + Wrexham. + +_Cross-legged Effigies_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--In the parish church of +Limington, Somerset, is a figure of a cross-legged knight, with his hand +on the hilt of his sword, as if about to draw it. The date of the +foundation of the chantry in which he lies is said to be 1329, and the +mouldings and windows appear to testify its correctness. + + [Hebrew: Beth.] + +_The Word a1/4^I'I muI"Ia1/2I,_ (Vol. iv., p. 339.).--Your correspondent, +the Rev. T. R. BROWN, is right in acquiescing in the ordinary derivation +of a1/4EuroI'I muI"Ia1/2I, from a1/4Euro and I'a1/2 cubedI"II...I,, but wrong, as I think, in +endeavouring to find cognate forms in the Indo-Germanic +languages. The fact is, that the word is solely and peculiarly Greek. +The Sanscrit word for brother is, as every body knows, _bhratri_ (Latin, +_frater_, &c.); and that this form was not entirely unknown to the +Hellenic races, is evidenced by their use of IIa1/2+-I"II+-, or +IIa1/2+-I"II., in various senses, all of which may easily be reduced +to the one common idea of brotherhood. How it happened that the word +III+-I"a1/2'I was lost in Greek, and a1/4EuroI'I muI"Ia1/2I, substituted, +we think we can satisfactorily explain, and, if so, the elucidation will +make clearer an interesting point in Greek manners. It appears that +they, in common with some Eastern nations, looked upon the relationship +between brothers of the same mother as much closer in blood than that in +which the brothers were related through the father alone; and hence the +well-known law forbidding a1/4EuroI'I muI"II?a1/2 a1/2I1/4I?I1/4I.I"Ia1/2.I?I _alone_ to +marry. In the same manner we find Abraham (Gen. xx. 12.) using a similar +excuse for marrying Sarah: + + "And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my + father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my + wife." + +It is not difficult, therefore, to understand how this notion prevailing +among the Greeks, might lead them to frame a new word from a1/4Euro +and I'a1/2 cubedI"II...I,, to express the uterine relation of brothers, which +would soon in common use supplant the older Indo-German term III+-I"a1/2'I. +For further reasons which may have influenced the dropping of +the word III+-I"a1/2'I, I would refer to a learned article on +"Comparative Philology" in the last number of the _Edinburgh Review_, by +Dr. Max MA1/4ller. + +With regard to the derivations suggested by MR. BROWN from the Hebrew, +Arabic, &c., I think I am justified in laying down as a rule that no +apparent similarity between words in the Semitic and Asian families can +be used to establish a real identity, the two classes of language being +radically and fundamentally distinct. + + J. B. + +_Finger Pillories_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--Meeting recently with a person +who, although illiterate, is somewhat rich in oral tradition and local +folk lore, I inquired if he had ever seen such a thing as that described +by MR. LAWRENCE. He replied that he had not, but that he had frequently +heard of these "stocks," as he called them, and that he believed they +were used in "earlier days" for the purpose of inflicting _penance_ upon +those parishioners who absented themselves from mass for any lengthened +period. My informant illustrated his explanation with a "traditionary" +anecdote (too fabulous to trouble you with), which had been the means of +imparting the above to him. Whether correct or not, however, I must +leave others to determine. + + J. B. COLMAN. + + [Will our correspondent favour us with the tradition to which he + refers?] + +_Blackloana Heresis_ (Vol. iv., p. 239.).--The accounts given of +Blacklow and his religious heresy merely excite curiosity. Will no one +furnish some brief particulars of him and his proceedings? For what was +Peter Talbot famous, and where may his history be read? + + E. A. M. + +_Quaker Expurgated Bible._--A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (Vol. +iv., p. 412.) has answered my Query respecting this Bible in a manner +not very satisfactory. He says "no committee was ever appointed by the +Society of Friends" to publish such a Bible, and that the Society adopt +the English authorised version only. The authority from which I quoted +did not say that the committee had been appointed by the Society of +Friends, or that the object of the proposed publication was to supersede +the version authorised by the Church, which (as is well known) is +adopted, as your correspondent states, by the Society. What she states +is this:--That about four years ago a Committee of Friends intended to +publish such an edition of the Bible, for daily perusal in Friends' +families; and that a prospectus was printed, in which it was promised +that every passage of the Bible would be carefully expunged which was +unfit for reading aloud, and also those which might be called dangerous, +which the unlearned and unstable might wrest to their own destruction. + +My Query was, whether such a Bible was ever published, and whether any +of your correspondents could furnish a copy of the prospectus alluded +to? It is no answer to this to say, that the committee who proposed to +publish this Bible were not appointed by the Society of Friends, and +that the Friends applied to by your correspondent knew nothing of the +project. The authoress of the work I quoted has since been publicly +named, and if this query should meet her eye, perhaps she may be able to +give me the information I require. It is the more incumbent upon her to +do so, as the tone of your correspondent is evidently intended to throw +a doubt upon her veracity. + + T. + +"_Acu tinali merida_" (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--An ingenious friend has +suggested to me the following explanation of this passage: +a1/4OEII?I...I mu I"a1/2'I1/2 a1/4"I"I"I.I1/2 I1/4I muIa1/2.I'I+-. It is rendered almost certain by the words that come +immediately after, in the line quoted by C. W. G., _i.e._ "audi alteram +partem." I am unable, however, to point out the source from which the +Greek motto was derived. Perhaps some of your readers will solve this +ulterior question. + + C. H. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +What the Laureate of the day, inspired by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, +sang in 1748,-- + + "Th' Almighty hand, which first her shores secured + With rolling oceans, and with rocks immured, + Which spread her plains, and bade her flocks increase, + Designed Britannia for the Land of Peace; + Where Commerce only should exert her sway, + And musing Science trim th' unfading bay"-- + +was in 1851 recognised by the whole civilised world, not as a poetical +fiction, but as a practical, we had almost said a political, truth. +Hence the Crystal Palace, that glorious Temple of Concord, which those +potent genii Fox and Henderson, at the bidding of the arch-magician +Paxton, raised before our eyes, to put to shame the visionary glories of +the _Arabian Nights_;--and hence the avidity with which, like +ministering sprites, all the great manufacturers and producers, artists +and artizans, vied with each other in assembling beneath its fairy dome +the masterpieces of their respective skill, ingenuity, and science. +Hence, too, the unfading interest with which, day after day, from May +until October, did thousands upon thousands press forward to gaze upon a +scene unparalleled in the world's history, whether for costliness of +display or moral grandeur. + +Of such an event--of such a scene, which it was acknowledged fairly +represented the productive genius of the whole world, all may well +desire to preserve some remembrance; and whatever may be the fate of the +Crystal Palace, the great gathering of the nations which assembled under +its roof has found an imperishable monument in the three handsome octavo +volumes which form _The Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue +of the Great Exhibition_, 1851. In this great and useful record--the raw +materials for which were furnished by no fewer than _fifteen thousand +authors_--we have not only an account of every article exhibited, +accompanied in many instances by valuable notes from the ablest +scientific pens, pointing out the leading features of interest in the +objects described--which annotations again are rendered still more +valuable by the twelve hundred woodcut illustrations which are scattered +through these pages,--but we have also Mr. Cole's valuable Historical +Introduction, illustrating the Rise of the Exhibition, its Progress and +Completion; Mr. Digby Wyatt's able account of the Construction of the +Building and of the mechanical applications employed; and Mr. Ellis' +interesting description of the Revision and Preparation of the +Catalogue; when we add that it contains, moreover, all sorts of Indices +and Lists for facilitating references--our readers will, we think, agree +with us that this most complete, instructive, and extraordinary +Catalogue may fairly be regarded as _An EncyclopA|dia of the Industry of +all Nations in 1851_, and as such should find a place not only in every +factory and workshop, but in every study and educational establishment +within the realm. To meet the requirements of those who cannot purchase +the _Illustrated Catalogue_, Messrs. Spicer have issued a corrected and +improved edition of the _Official Catalogue, with Alphabetical Indices +of Names and Subjects, and British and Foreign Priced Lists_: while to +enable the non-scientific reader to understand, and to furnish the +scientific reader with the results, or, as we might term it, a +summing-up of the details to be found in the works already described, +they commissioned Mr. Robert Hunt to prepare a _Handbook to the Official +Catalogues; an Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and +Manufactures of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations_, +1851; and that gentleman has so ably executed his task, that, though +some who may only wish for general views and impressions may content +themselves with his _Handbook_, the majority of the purchasers of the +larger Catalogues must secure Mr. Hunt's interesting volume as an +indispensable companion to them. + +When we read the announcement that Mr. PlanchA(C) was about to publish _The +Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded upon Facts_, we looked for a +work in which good common sense and sound antiquarian knowledge would be +found applied to an important branch of historical learning, which has +been too often followed by men whose disregard of the former, and want +of the latter gift, have done much to justify Voltaire's biting sarcasm +upon heraldry. Nor have we been disappointed. The work is one of facts +rather than of inferences; and although the accomplished gentleman now +at the head of the College of Arms, to whom, "as an able antiquary and +worthy man," the work is most appropriately dedicated, may probably +dissent from some of Mr. PlanchA(C)'s views, he will, we are sure, admit +that they are cautiously advanced, and maintained with learning and +ability; and that the _Pursuivant of Arms_, with its numerous woodcut +illustrations drawn from old seals, monuments, &c., is a valuable +contribution towards a more perfect knowledge of heraldic antiquities. + +Few books of travels in the East have excited greater attention, on +their first appearance, or maintained their popularity for a longer +period, than the lively volume entitled _Eothen_. In selecting it, +therefore, for the Eleventh and Twelfth Parts of _The Traveller's +Library_, Messrs. Longman have shown their determination to maintain the +interest of that excellent series of cheap books. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--C. Skeet's (21. King William Street, Strand) +Catalogue No. 3. of Old and New Books; W. Lumley's (56. Chancery Lane) +Bibliographical Advertiser No. 9., Ninth Series; E. Stibbs's (331. +Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books; W. S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Seventy-fifth Catalogue of English, +Foreign, Classical and Miscellaneous Cheap Second-hand Books; and +Supplementary Catalogue of Italian Books. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a +copy. + +FLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of +his works. + +BEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS. + +LAW'S APPEAL, &c. + +LAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON. + +HUNTER'S DEANERY OF DONCASTER. Vol. I. Large or small paper. + +CLARE'S RURAL MUSE. + +CHRISTIAN PIETY FREED FROM THE DELUSIONS OF MODERN ENTHUSIASTS. A.D. +1756 or 1757. + +AN ANSWER TO FATHER HUDDLESTONE'S SHORT AND PLAIN WAY TO THE FAITH AND +CHURCH. By Samuel Grascombe. London, 1703. 8vo. + +REASONS FOR ABROGATING THE TEST IMPOSED UPON ALL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. +by Samuel Parker, Lord Bishop of Oxon. 1688. 4to. + +LEWIS'S LIFE OF CAXTON. 8vo. 1737. + +CATALOGUE OF JOSEPH AMES'S LIBRARY. 8vo. 1760. + +TRAPP'S COMMENTARY. Folio. Vol. I. + +WHITLAY'S PARAPHRASE ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. Folio. Vol. I. 1706. + +LONG'S ASTRONOMY. 4to. 1742. + +ADAMS' MORAL TALES. + +AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. JOHNSON. 1805. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. _In compliance with the suggestion of several +correspondents, that the space now occupied by our enumeration of +catalogues published during the week might be filled with information of +greater interest to our readers, such announcements will in future be +discontinued._ + +O. S. _The passage_-- + + "Finds tongues in trees," &c. + +_is in Shakspeare's_ As You Like It, Act II. Scene 1. + +W. S. (Linwood). _The_ History of Napoleon _in the_ Family Library _was +written by Mr. Lockhart._ + +MR. FENTON'S _Query was received, and, as we thought, inserted. It shall +be attended to._ + +DRYASDUST'S _Query respecting the "Crucifix" appeared in our last +Number_, p. 422. + +_A copy of_ D'ARBLAY'S DIARY, Vol. II., _has been reported, and may be +had of the Publisher._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Coins of Vabalathus--Crosses and Crucifixes--Mrs. +Mary Anne Clarke--Coke, how pronounced--Freemasonry--Calendar of +Knights--Ellrake--Isabel of Man--Cromwell Estates--Jonah and the Whale, +&c.--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Locust Tree--Story in Jeremy +Taylor--Deep Well near Banstead Downs--Erroneous Scripture +Quotations--Crowns have their Compass--Presant Family--Dido and Aneas, +&c.--Earwig--Passage in Virgil--Passage in Campbell--Bristol +Tables--Slums, &c.--Serpent with a Human Head--Abigail--Hogarth and +Cooper._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + +_Erratum._--Vol. iv. p. 429. col. i. 1. 15. for "works of" read "works +of two of." + + + + +THE ART JOURNAL FOR JANUARY 1852. + + Circulation guaranteed at 30,000. + + Advertisements for January should be addressed to MR. CLARK, "Art + Journal Office," 8. Wellington Street North, ON OR BEFORE THE + THIRTEENTH INSTANT. + + +SEASONABLE GIFT-BOOK FOR THE YOUNG. + + Just published, fcap. 8vo., cloth, with Steel Engravings, price + 4_s._ 6_d._ + + THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS, and OTHER TALES. 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MediA|val Art, as exemplified in the Exhibition of 1851. 5. +Autobiography of Lady Springett, one of the first Quakers. 6. Ulrich von +Hutten, Part IV. 7. Carlyle's Life of Sterling. 8. William Wyon and his +Works (with a Portrait). 9. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. 10. Notes +of the Month. With Miscellaneous Reviews, Antiquarian Intelligence, +Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Right Hon. +Charles Hope, Hon. Thomas Kenyon, J. H. Tremayne, Esq., Rev. Charles +Gutzlaff, &c. &c. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ + + NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street. + + +ARNOLD'S INTRODUCTIONS TO GERMAN AND FRENCH. + + Now ready, in 12mo. price 5_s._ 6_d._, the Second Edition of + + THE FIRST GERMAN BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." + By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and + late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; and J. W. FRA"DERSDORFF, + Ph. 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The sound principles of imitation and repetition + which have secured for the author a reputation widely extended and + well deserved are here happily exemplified. His account of the + differences of idiom is very satisfactory and complete: whoever + thoroughly masters it, will rarely want any thing further on the + subject."--_AthenA|um._ + + 5. A KEY to the Exercises, by M. DELILLE. Price 2_s._ 6_d._ + + 6. HANDBOOK of FRENCH VOCABULARY. Price 4_s._ 6_d._ + + +NEW NUMBER OF MR. ARNOLD'S THEOLOGICAL CRITIC. + + Now ready, price 4_s._; (by post, 4_s._ 6_d._); the Fourth Number of + + THE THEOLOGICAL CRITIC; a Quarterly Journal. Edited by the Rev. + THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow + of Trinity College, Cambridge. + + This Journal embraces Theology in its widest acceptation, and + several articles of each Number are devoted to Biblical Criticism. + + CONTENTS.--1. Scipio de Ricci (_concluded_).--2. Galatians iii. + 19, 20.--3. 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(Publ. at 22_s._ 6_d._) 6_s._ + + =Teutonic.=--GRAFF, ALTHOCHDEUTSCHER SPRACHSCHATZ od. WA-RTERBUCH + der ALTDEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. 7 vols. 4to. (Publ. at 7_l._) 2_l._ + 12_s._ 6_d._ + + ---- MEIDINGER, DICTIONNAIRE COMPARATIF et ETYMOLOGIQUE des + LANGUES TEUTO-GOTHIQUES. Royal 8vo. 1836. 12_s._ + + ---- ZIEMANN (A.) MITTELHOCHDEUTSCHES WA-RTERBUCH, nebst gram. + Einleitung. Royal. 8vo. 1828. (Publ. at 17_s._ 6_d._) 8_s._ + + =Tibetan.=--SCHMIDT, TIBETANISCH-DEUTSCHES WA-RTERBUCH. 4to. + Petersb. 1841. 28_s._ + + 14. HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. + + +NEW EDITIONS. + + I. + + A New Edition of + + THE POETICAL WORKS OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, including the "Lord of the + Isles," and a variety of other Copyright Poetry, contained in no + other Pocket Edition. With a Life of Scott, and Illustrations on + Wood and Steel. 12mo. handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, + 5_s._, or large paper, with additional Engravings, 6_s._ 6_d._ + + II. + + A New Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The + Tales of a Grandfather." 12mo., illustrated by numerous Engravings + on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, gilt leaves, 4_s._ + + III. + + A New Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in "The + Tales of a Grandfather." 3 vols. 12mo., illustrated by numerous + Engravings on Wood and Steel, and handsomely bound in cloth, + 12_s._, extra cloth, gilt edges, 15_s._ + + IV. + + Three volumes in one, profusely illustrated, cloth, gilt edges, + 7_s._ Separate volumes, cloth, gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._ + + READINGS FOR THE YOUNG. Selected from the Works of Sir WALTER + SCOTT, containing + + 1. Tales of Chivalry and the Olden Time. + 2. Historical and Romantic Narratives. + 3. Scottish Scenes and Characters. + + V. + + An Illustrated Edition of + + THE HISTORY OF PALESTINE, by DR. KITTO. From the Patriarchal Age + to the present time, with introductory chapters on the Geography + and Natural History of the Country, and on the Customs and + Institutions of the Hebrews. 12mo. Illustrated by upwards of 200 + Engravings on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, 6_s._, or + with gilt leaves, 6_s._ 6_d._ + + VI. + + A Second Edition of + + VIEWS OF CANADA AND THE COLONISTS. Embracing the Experience of an + Eight Years' Residence; Views of the Present State, Progress, and + Prospects of the Colony; with detailed and practical Information + for intending Emigrants. By JAS. B. BROWN. Small 8vo., with a Map, + price 4_s._ 6_d._ + + RECENTLY PUBLISHED. + + In a thick and closely-printed volume, price 16_s._ The Fourth + Edition of + + THE WEALTH OF NATIONS, by ADAM SMITH, LL.D. With a Life Of the + Author, Notes, and Supplemental Dissertations, by J. R. M'CULLOCH, + Esq. + + This edition contains elaborate NOTES ON OUR MONETARY SYSTEM, + REPEAL of the CORN and NAVIGATION LAWS, our COLONIAL POLICY, &c. + + The INDEX extends to fifty closely-printed pages, affording + facilities in the consultation of the work which no other edition + possesses to nearly so great an extent. + + "Adam Smith's errors, when he fell into any, are corrected: most + of the improvements made in his science since his time are + recorded; and the work is not only adapted to our age, but is a + history of past aberrations, and of the progress towards truth. + Mr. M'Culloch's great attainments are too well known to make any + work he publishes require any other notice or recommendation than + such a brief description as we have now given of the contents of + this."--_Economist._ + + In two volumes, price 3_l._, illustrated by 554 Engravings on + Wood, besides Maps, and Views on Steel, + + A CYCLOPADIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE. By JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A., + &c. &c. Assisted by forty able Scholars and Divines, British, + Continental, and American, whose initials are affixed to their + respective Contributions. + + "Among the contributors are to be recognised the names of many of + the most distinguished Biblical Scholars, both British and + Foreign. It is not, therefore, too much to say, that this + CyclopA|dia surpasses every Biblical Dictionary which has preceded + it, and that it leaves nothing to be desired in such a work which + can throw light on the criticism, interpretation, history, + geography, archA|ology, and physical science of the + Bible."--_Horne's Introduction to the Critical Study of the + Scriptures._ + + In a beautifully printed volume, 8vo., price 10_s._ 6_d._, + illustrated by 336 Engravings on Wood, + + A CYCLOPADIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE FOR THE PEOPLE. By JOHN KITTO, + D.D., F.S.A., &c. This Work is studiously accommodated to the + wants of the great body of the religious public. It forms a + Popular Digest of the contents of the Two-volume Work, and + possesses the same superiority over Popular Dictionaries of its + class as the Original Work confessedly does over those which + aspire to higher erudition. To Parents, to Sunday School Teachers, + to Missionaries, and to all engaged, either statedly or + occasionally, in the important business of Biblical Education, the + volume is confidently recommended as "at once the most valuable + and the cheapest compendium of Bible Knowledge for the People + which has ever appeared in this country." + + In a handsome volume, strongly half-bound in morocco, with gilt + leaves, price 2_l._ 16_s._, + + BLACK'S GENERAL ATLAS OF THE WORLD. New Edition, Revised and + Corrected throughout, with Numerous additional Maps, and an Index + of 60,000 Names. + + The work is in every respect accommodated to the present advanced + state of geographical research, and whether on the ground of + Accuracy, Beauty of Execution, or Cheapness, the Publishers invite + a comparison with any work of its class. + + "We are now in possession of an 'Atlas' which comprehends every + discovery of which the present century can boast. It ought at once + to supersede all other works of the kind, and we earnestly + recommend those who are entrusted with the duty of education to + accept it as their standard of correctness."--_United Service + Gazette_, February 22, 1851. + + In one thick volume, 8vo., double columns, price 12_s._, the Tenth + Edition of + + A DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, DESIGNED FOR POPULAR USE. Containing an + Account of Diseases and their Treatment, including those most + frequent in Warm Climates; with Directions for Administering + Medicines; the Regulation of Diet and Regimen; and the Management + of the Diseases of Women and Children. By ALEXANDER MACAULAY, + M.D., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and + Physician Accoucheur to the New Town Dispensary. + + "Just such a work as every head of a family ought to have on his + book-shelf."--_Brighton Herald._ + + "If sterling merit might be the passport to success, this work + will obtain the most extensive celebrity."--_Bath Herald._ + + "Calculated to accomplish all that could be wished in a Popular + System of Medicine."--_Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal._ + + "We have seen nothing of the kind better adapted for + consultation."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "Decidedly the most useful book of the kind that has yet been + offered to the public."--_Caledonian Mercury._ + + ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, Edinburgh; and sold by all Booksellers. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 6, 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | + | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | + | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | + | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | + | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +110, December 6, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV *** + +***** This file should be named 39338.txt or 39338.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/3/3/39338/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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